VAM 
 
 K^T 
 
 
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 ITHULLUSTttAtlONSl 
 
CORNELL 
 UNIVERSITY 
 . LIBRARY 
 
Cornell University Library 
 F 157.C4F998 
 
 History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, 
 
 3 1924 005 813 518 
 
The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924005813518 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 CHESTER COUNTY, 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 "WITH 
 
 Genealogical and Biographical Sketches. 
 
 BY 
 
 J. SMITH FUTHEY AND GILBERT COPE. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 LOUIS H. EVERTS. 
 
 1881. 
 
 PRESS OF J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., PHILADELPHIA. X 
 
W^ea^'ToV^A t)^va^^ r€-?0'\%n. 
 
PKEFATOBY. 
 
 Althotjgh Chester was the earliest of the counties organized in the Province of Penn, and has ever 
 ■been deservedly ranked among the fairest and most prosperous and intelligent of those districts, she has 
 nevertheless been somewhat strangely neglectful of her history and of the worthies within her borders, who 
 aided in the noble enterprise of planting a Christian colony and establishing a home for human freedom, and 
 who have brought her to her present high position. Many good men and true have lived among us, but 
 they have nearly passed into oblivion for want of vigilant and faithful chroniclers. 
 
 As nearly two centuries have elapsed since the establishment of the county, it is meet that such of her 
 history as has escaped the ravages of time and can now be related should be placed on record for preserva- 
 tion and for the information of the people,* so that they may know what manner of men their fathers were. 
 
 The authors of this volume being " native 'here, and to the manner born," and having for some years a 
 lively interest in the history of the county, and of her citizens who have devoted themselves to the public 
 service and the cause of human improvement, have essayed to perform the laborious, but to them delightful, 
 task thus indicated. How well they have succeeded it is not for them to say. They submit their work to 
 the judgment of the good people of this ancient bailiwick, regretting that it is not more complete, and only 
 asking that, in passing judgment upon it, the difficulties surrounding the preparation of such a history will 
 be borne in mind. 
 
 This is not, however, the first effijrt that has been made in that direction. In 1824, Hon. Joseph J. Lewis 
 — then a student at law — wrote a series of " Letters on the History of Chester County," which were printed 
 in the columns of the Village Record, and in 1858-61, Dr. William Darlington and J. Smith Futhey con- 
 tributed a series of historical papers, which were published in the same journal, under the title of " Notse 
 Cestrienses." Neither of these publications was issued in book form, and they are now very rare. They con- 
 tained much valuable material, of which the authors have availed themselves. 
 
 The " History of Delaware County," by George Smith, M.D., embracing as it does the early history of 
 the entire original county, has been freely drawn upon, and the authors hereby acknowledge their indebted- 
 ness to Dr. Smith for his kind permission to use such portions of his valuable work as were suited to their 
 
 purpose. ^ 
 
 Major Isaiah Price has also kindly permitted the use of his valuable and complete " History of the 97th 
 
 jRegimenfr, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the War of the Rebellion," and the authors acknowledge their 
 
 obligation to him for that portion of this volume relating to the history of that regiment and its officers and 
 
 men. 
 
 They also extend their thanks to Dr. Ezra Michener, Dr. William D. Hartman, Prof. E. D. Cope, 
 Hon. Joseph J. Lewis, Hon. Eli K. Price, Hon. Charles Gibbons, Dr. Robert C. Smedley, Dr. William H. 
 Egle of Harrisburg, Prof. George G. Groff, Dr. John P. Edge, Prof. James McClune, Henry C. Town- 
 send Joseph W. Barnard, and Samuel W. Pennypacker, Esqs., for articles contributed and other assist- 
 ance rendered by them, and to the last, also, for facts derived from his " History of Phoenixville." 
 
PEEFATOKY. 
 
 The officers of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and the editors and publishers of the press of 
 the county, will also accept their thanks for courtesies extended in the search for historical material, and 
 those who have given aid and are not specially named are also kindly remembered. 
 
 The value of the work is greatly enhanced by the illustrations herein given, and especially when viewed 
 with reference to the future. The appearance of the scenery and homes of the county is thus preserved, and 
 this will be valuable not only as to each locality but also as being indicative of the stage of civilization to 
 which we have arrived. Beside the representative men of the present it will be seen there are quite a num- 
 ber of portraits of noted citizens of the generations which have passed away, whose lineaments are thus pre- 
 served and transmitted to posterity. This last feature must prove of especial interest. 
 
 "WmQT nxTirarpBiT? "Pa Tnlxr 09 1 GQ1 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 i3:istoe.iojlij. 
 
 PAGES 
 
 General History 9-144 
 
 Proprietary Interests and Land Titles . . . 144-166 
 
 Boundary Lines 156-161 
 
 Townships and Boroughs, etc 162-229 
 
 Religious Organizations . 229-301 
 
 Educational and Literary .... 302-335 
 
 Agricultural 335-342 
 
 PAGES 
 
 Mills, Iron Manopactdre, etc 343-351 
 
 Internal Improvements 351-362 
 
 Civil and Judicial Lists 362-386 
 
 Miscellaneous 386-435 
 
 Natural History, Topography, Geology, etc. . . 435-460 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical 461-782 
 
 Appendix i-xxxvii 
 
 ILLTJSTI?..A.a?IOI^^S. 
 
 Acker, Conrad, portrait and residence of 
 Acker, Samuel (deceased), residence of 
 Acker, Samuel, portrait of . 
 Achelis, George (Morris Nurseries) . 
 
 Alms-house 
 
 American Wood Paper Company's works 
 Asheufelter, H., portrait of 
 
 mills of 
 
 Baily, James W,, residence of . 
 
 Baker, Aaron, residence of . 
 
 Baker, Dr. J. L., residence of 
 
 Baldwin, Dr. William, portrait of 
 
 Barnard, E. H., residence of, and Barnard & Son's 
 
 Barnard, James, residence of 
 
 Bangh, George, portrait of 
 
 Beale, Horace A., residence and 
 
 Bingaman, Levi, portrait of 
 
 Birmingham Meeting-house 
 
 Bishop, Joaquim, residence of 
 
 Bishop, Joaquim, portrait of 
 
 Bonzano, A., portrait of 
 
 Brinton, Joseph H., residence of 
 
 Brooklyn Woolen-Mills 
 
 Brower, Dr. Wm., portrait of 
 
 Buckwalter, John H., residence of . 
 
 Buckwalter, David, portrait and residence of 
 
 Buckwalter, Samuel, portrait of. 
 
 Bull, Mrs. Sarah E,., residence of 
 
 Burgess, Hugh, portrait of . 
 
 Butler, James, residence of . 
 
 Byler, Reuben, residence of . . . 
 
 Carter, John I., residence and creamery of 
 Chambers, David P., portrait and residence of 
 Chambers, M. B., residence and tannery of 
 Chalfant, William, residence of . 
 Chalfant, John N., residence and machine-shops 
 Charlton, Thomas M., residence of . 
 
 Chester Valley, the 
 
 Chrisman, Henry E., portrait and residence of 
 
 Chrisman, Robert F., residence of 
 
 Cleaver, I. A., residence and store of . 
 
 Cochran, John, portrait of . 
 
 Cope's (E. T.) Sons' manufactory and residence 
 
 Colonial money . 
 
 Continental money 
 
 Comett, Samuel, portrait of 
 
 of 
 
 facing 
 
 facing 
 
 PAGE 
 461 
 
 340 
 462 
 341 
 118 
 492 
 466 
 
 facing 493 
 
 " 139 
 
 " 138 
 
 . 472 
 
 creamery facing 94 
 
 " 191 
 
 . 478 
 
 facing 352 
 
 . 483 
 
 . 234 
 
 facing 115 
 
 . 482 
 
 facing 484 
 
 " 353 
 
 " 418 
 
 . 488 
 between 484,,485 
 
 facing 486 
 between 484, 485 
 
 facing 353 
 
 " 491 
 
 " 419 
 
 " . 419 
 
 facing 187 
 
 " 63 
 
 " 173 
 
 186 
 
 362 
 
 " 211 
 
 " 509 
 
 " 381" 
 
 " 173 
 
 " 500 
 
 " 166 
 
 . 390 
 
 . 391 
 
 facing 504 
 
 Comett, Samuel, residence of 
 
 Cornog, M. D., portrait and residence of 
 
 Court-house . . . ... 
 
 Cowan, James, residence of 
 Cox, Thomas S., residence of 
 
 Darlington, C. and H. M., residence of 
 
 Darlington, Isaac, portrait of 
 
 Darlington, Milton, residence of 
 
 Darlington Seminary .... 
 
 Darlington, William, portrait of 
 
 Darlington, Dr. William, portrait of . 
 
 Davis, Joseph C, portrait of 
 
 Dickey, B. V., portrait of . 
 
 Dickey, Jesse C, portrait of 
 
 Dickey, Rev. Ebenezer, residence of . 
 
 Dickey, Rev. J. M., portrait of . 
 
 Dickey, Rev. Samuel, residence of 
 
 Dingee & Conard Company, the . 
 
 Dobson, J. R., portrait of . 
 
 Dorian, James M., portrait and residence of 
 
 Dorian's Mills 
 
 Dowdall, Joseph, residence of . 
 
 Downing, Samuel R. and Mary G., residence of 
 
 Elwyn, Alfred L., portrait of 
 Encampment at Valley Forge 
 Evans, Abel, portrait of 
 Evans, David, residence of 
 Evans, Henry S., portrait of 
 Evans, J. B., portrait and residence of 
 Evans, Joshua, portrait of 
 Evans, Newton, residence of 
 Evans', W. P., flouring-mills 
 Evans, William, residence of 
 Bverhart, William, portrait of . 
 
 Faucett, George, residence of 
 Fetters, A., portrait of 
 Fetters, A., residence of 
 Fetters, Levi, portrait of . 
 Fetters, Samuel, residence of 
 Fisher, Gen. B. F., residence of . 
 Francis, Casper S. . . . 
 Fredd, Benjamin E., residence of 
 Fredd, Eli, portrait of 
 Frick, John, portrait of , . 
 
 PAGE 
 
 facing 5 1 
 
 " 508 
 
 " 119 
 
 " 293 
 
 " 167 
 
 facing 172 
 
 . 513 
 
 facing 172 
 
 " 306 
 
 " 514 
 
 . 511 
 
 . 517 
 
 . 519 
 
 facing 522 
 
 " 718 
 
 . 520 
 
 facing 287 
 between 338, 339 
 
 . 524 
 
 facing 51 8 
 
 " 359 
 
 " 42 
 
 " 43 
 
 facing 530 
 
 . 543 
 
 . 220 
 
 facing 328 
 between 644, 545 
 
 . 542 
 
 facing 389 
 
 . 222 
 
 facing 307 
 
 " 544 
 
 facing 179 
 
 545 
 
 " 546 
 
 . 546 
 
 facing 547 
 
 126 
 
 . 552 
 
 facing 554 
 
 " 654 
 
 . 554 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Fulton, Dr. James, portrait of 
 Fulton, W. T., portrait of . 
 Futhey, J. Smith, portrait of 
 Futhey, James L., residence of 
 Futhey, Robert, portrait of 
 
 Gause, Jonathan, portrait of 
 
 Gibson, T. J., residence of . 
 
 Good, Francis, residence of 
 
 Gordon, John K., portrait of 
 
 Graham, H., residence of . 
 
 Graves, Harvey, residence and paper-mill . 
 
 Gray, Baldwin, residence of . . . 
 
 Greenwood, Samuel, residence and mills of 
 
 Grier, K. J., residence and pottery of 
 
 Griffen, John, portrait of . 
 
 Guie, James, residence and mills of . 
 
 Gunkle, Daniel, portrait of 
 
 Haines, Townaend, portrait of 
 Hamill, Robert, portrait of 
 Hannum, Jr., John, residence of 
 Hannum, John, portrait of 
 Harlan, A. D., residence of 
 Harrar, John T., residence of 
 Harvey, Jacob W., portrait of . 
 Hartman, D. R., residence of . 
 Hartman, George, portrait of 
 Hartshorne, Joshua, portrait of . 
 Hartshorne, Joshua, residence of 
 Harvey, Thomas M., residence of 
 Haslett, James, portrait of 
 Haslett, 'William B., residence of 
 Hayes, Jacob (deceased), residence of 
 Heckel, Sr., Dr. Frederick W., portrait of 
 Heokel, Jr., Dr. Frederick W., portrait of 
 Hemphill, Joseph, portrait of 
 Hickman, John, portrait of 
 Hickman, Marshall B., portrait of 
 Hickman, Wellington, residence of . 
 Hinkson, Abbie A., residence of . 
 Hobson, Phebe S., residence of . 
 Hodgson, R. H., residence of 
 Hodgson, Mark A., portrait of . 
 Holley, E. H., residence of 
 Hoopes, Brother and Thomas (nurseries) 
 Hoopes, Cyrus, residence of 
 Hoopes, Thomas B., residence of 
 Hope, John S., residence of 
 Hunt, Joshua, portrait of . 
 Hunter, J. T. F., portrait and residence of 
 Hurford, Maris, portrait of . . 
 Hurford, Maris (deceased), residence of 
 Huston, Dr. Charles, residence and mills of 
 
 Jackson, James, portrait of . . . 
 
 Jackson, Job H., residence of 
 
 Jackson, William, portrait of 
 
 Jail ..... 
 
 James, Edwin, residence of 
 
 James, Francis, portrait of 
 
 Johnson, John, residence of 
 
 Jones, David, portrait of . 
 
 Jones, Franklin, residence of 
 
 Jones, Jr., William, residence of 
 
 Kaler, Levi B., portrait of . 
 Kaler, Levi B., residence of 
 Kent, Samuel C, residence of . 
 Keeley, Daniel, portrait and residence of 
 Ken worthy, H., mills of ... . 
 King, John, portrait of . ; . 
 King, Brinton, residence of 
 
 uer, Davis, portrait and residence of , 
 
 PAGE 
 
 . 557 
 
 . 556 
 
 facing 368 
 
 " 178 
 
 . 559 
 
 . 562 
 
 facing 261 
 
 " 102 
 
 . 576 
 
 facing 380 
 
 " 133 
 between 648, 649 
 
 facing 368 
 
 " 351 
 
 . 571 
 
 facing 343 
 
 . 572 
 
 . 578 
 . 585 
 facing 604 
 " 604 
 " 102 
 " 705 
 . 591 
 facing 363 
 . 590 
 facing 588 
 74 
 " 27 
 
 " 605 
 " 605 
 271 
 . 597 
 . 598 
 . facing 595 
 . 601 
 facing 603 
 " 349 
 " 704 
 " 287 
 between 648, 649 
 . 604 
 facing 75 
 342 
 270 
 " 210 
 50 
 . 608 
 between 604, 605 
 fiicing 609 
 " 66 
 
 " 348 
 
 . 426 
 
 facing 242 
 
 " 611 
 
 " 119 
 
 " 243 
 
 613 
 
 436 
 
 " 616 
 
 " 133 
 
 " 26 
 
 . 618 
 
 facing 345 
 
 430 
 
 " 624 
 
 360 
 
 . 624 
 
 facing 431 
 
 " g22 
 
 Lancaster, Joseph, residence of , . , 
 
 Lafayette's h^dquarters at battle of Brandywine 
 
 Lamborn, Richard J., residence of 
 
 Larkin, M., portrait of . . . 
 
 Large, Susan W., residence of . 
 
 Lawrence, Samuel A., residence of 
 
 Lewis, Enoch, portrait of . 
 
 Levis, 0. Grover, residence of 
 
 Little, George, residence of 
 
 Lincoln University .... 
 
 Lobb, Preston W., residence of . 
 
 Loomis, Davis K., portrait of . 
 
 MackeldufT, S. C, residence of . 
 Malin, Sr., John (deceased), portrait and 
 Map, British camp at Tredyffrin 
 Map, geological, of Chester County . 
 Map, Newlin township 
 Map, outline of county 
 Map, encampment at Valley Forge . 
 Map, plan of battle of Brandywine 
 March, Franklin, portrait and residence of 
 March, George, residence of 
 Marshall, Abraham, residence of 
 Martin, George, residence of 
 Marshall, Humphry, residence of 
 Manle, Nathan, residence of 
 Mellor, George B., residence of . 
 Mercer, Thomas, residence of . 
 McCaughey, B. S., portrait of . 
 . McClellan, Dr. Robert' L., portrait of 
 MoClellan, Dr. Robert L., residence of 
 McClure, Mrs. Henrietta, residence of 
 McKean, Thomas, portrait of 
 McNeil, Rev. W. R., portrait of 
 Mendenhall, Aaron, residence of 
 Mendenhall, Col. W. B., residence of 
 Mennonite Meeting-honse 
 Michener, Elwood, residence of 
 Michener, M.D., Ezra, residence of . 
 Michener, Dr. Nathan, portrait of 
 
 Milford Mills 
 
 Millard, Thomas, portrait of 
 Mode, W. & A., mill of . . . 
 Moore, Charles C, portrait and residence 
 Moore, Charles, portrait of 
 
 Moore Hall 
 
 Moore, Henry, portrait and residence of 
 
 Moore, J. C, residence of . 
 
 Moore, Thomas M., residence of 
 
 Moore, William, portrait and residence of 
 
 Moore, Jr., William, residence of 
 
 Morris, Edwin, residence of . . 
 
 Morton, J. W., portrait of . . 
 
 Morton, R. W., portrait of 
 
 Morgan, Jacob B., "portrait of . 
 
 Myers, Daniel, residence of 
 
 Myers, Michael and Amy K., residence of 
 
 Nelson, John D., residence of . 
 Nivin, J. W., residence of . 
 
 residence 
 
 of 
 
 Old judges' bench 
 
 Painter, William T., residence of 
 Paist, Charles, residence of 
 Palmer, Rees, residence of . 
 Paoli monument 
 
 Parke, John Andrew, residence of 
 Parke, John E., residence of 
 Parker, William W., residence of 
 Patterson, John, residence of 
 Penn, William, letter of 
 Pennock, Charles E,, residence of 
 
 PAGE 
 
 facing 165 
 
 " 71 
 
 162 
 
 . 626 
 
 facing 381 
 
 " 60 
 
 " 628 
 
 218 
 
 164 
 
 " 303 
 
 " 162 
 
 . 638 
 
 facing 363 
 649 
 " 84 
 
 between 440, 441 
 . 190 
 between 8-9 
 facing 98 
 " 70 
 
 " 648 
 " 146 
 " 146 
 147 
 . 651 
 facing 57 
 " 163 
 " 292 
 . 639 
 . 641 
 facing 191 
 " 114~ 
 . 645 
 . 648 
 facing 108 
 147 
 
 facing 388 
 " 226 
 . 658 
 facing 114 
 . 659 
 . 176 
 between 648, 649 
 . 664 
 facing 99 
 between 648, 649 
 facing 123 
 261 
 
 between 648, 649 
 facing 123 
 " 126 
 . 668 
 . 667 
 . 665 
 facing 401 
 " 400 
 
 facing 190 
 " 90 
 
 366 
 
 facing 
 
 62 
 
 62 
 
 685 
 
 . 91 
 
 facing 227 
 
 " 326 
 
 " 685 
 
 " 346 
 
 21 
 
 " 255 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 
 
 PAOE 
 
 Pennook, Levis B., residence of 
 
 facing 
 
 444 
 
 Smith, L Milton, residence of . 
 
 facing 
 
 205 
 
 Pennools, Joseph, residence of . 
 
 it 
 
 411 
 
 Starr, Charles T., residence of . 
 
 tt 
 
 729 
 
 Pennook, Samuel, portrait of . . . 
 
 . 
 
 681 
 
 State Normal School, West Chester . 
 
 tt 
 
 302 
 
 Pennook, Sarah P., residence of 
 
 facing 
 
 411 
 
 Steen, H. J., residence of . . . . 
 
 tt 
 
 122 
 
 Pennypaoker, Arnold, residence of . 
 
 between 648 
 
 ,649 
 
 St. David's Church 
 
 . 
 
 274 
 
 Petition to justices 
 
 facing 
 
 212 
 
 Strahorn, Pierson & Co., factory of . 
 
 facing 
 
 174 
 
 Peterson, Richard, residence of . 
 
 (( 
 
 410 
 
 Storm-cloud, 1877 
 
 . 
 
 459 
 
 Phillips, Joseph T., residence of 
 
 ti 
 
 684 
 
 Strode, Oliver J., residence of . . . 
 
 facing 
 
 235 
 
 Pickering, Benjamin, portrait of 
 
 
 685 
 
 Stubbs, Joseph I., residence of . 
 
 it 
 
 437 
 
 Pinkerton, Elisha C, portrait of 
 
 facing 
 
 673 
 
 Suplee, C. E., portrait and residence of 
 
 " 
 
 730 
 
 Pinkerton, George S., residence of . 
 
 u 
 
 673 
 
 Swing, M.D., E. V., portrait of . 
 
 
 734 
 
 Potts, Jr., David, portrait of 
 
 
 686 
 
 
 
 
 Potts, Joseph D., furnace and residence of 
 
 facing 
 
 347 
 
 Taylor, Abiah, house built by . 
 
 . 
 
 164 
 
 Potts, John T., portrait of . . . 
 
 . 
 
 688 
 
 Taylor, Bayard, portrait of 
 
 facing 
 
 317 
 
 Potts, Thomas M., portrait of . . 
 
 
 687 
 
 Taylor, Bayard, residence of 
 
 tt 
 
 184 
 
 Powell, Lewis, residence of . . . 
 
 facing 
 
 718 
 
 Taylor, David S., portrait of . . 
 
 
 737 
 
 Price, Eli K., portrait of . 
 
 . ^ i< 
 
 696 
 
 Taylor, Richard B., residence of . . . 
 
 facing 
 
 234 
 
 Prizer, Benjamin, portrait, residence, and mills 
 
 of . 
 
 674 
 
 Thomas, Dr. George, residence of . . . 
 
 tt 
 
 34 
 
 Pugh, Amos, residence of . 
 
 « 
 
 91 
 
 Thompson, Benjamin, residence of . 
 
 tt 
 
 234 
 
 Pugh, William, residence of . . . 
 
 tt 
 
 286 
 
 Todd, John (deceased), portrait and residence of 
 
 tt 
 
 744 
 
 Pugh, Dr. Evan, portrait of . . . 
 
 . 
 
 700 
 
 Tornado, effect of 
 
 . • 
 
 460 
 
 Pyle, Cloud, residence of . 
 
 facing 
 
 672 
 
 Towers, Michael, residence of . 
 
 facing 
 
 35 
 
 Pjle, James B., residence of . . . 
 
 11 
 
 293 
 
 Towers, Sr., Michael, portrait of . . . 
 
 . 
 
 745 
 
 Pyle, Job H., residence and mills 
 
 It 
 
 219 
 
 Townsend, David, portrait of . 
 
 . 
 
 746 
 
 Pyle, Joseph, residence of . 
 
 tt 
 
 254 
 
 
 
 
 Pyle, Joseph, portrait of ... . 
 
 tt 
 
 672 
 
 Upper Octorara Presbyterian Church . 
 
 . • 
 
 260 
 
 
 
 
 Urner, Isaac N., portrait of ... . 
 
 facing. 
 
 760 
 
 Ralston, William, residence of . 
 
 between 648-9 
 
 Uwchlan Meeting-house 
 
 ■ . . 
 
 237 
 
 Ramsey, James R., portrait of . 
 
 • . 
 
 705 
 
 
 
 
 Rankin, John, portrait of . 
 
 facing 
 
 704 
 
 Vanderslice, John, residence of . 
 
 facing 
 
 260 
 
 Read, T. Buchanan, portrait of . 
 
 . 
 
 706- 
 
 Vanderslice, John, portrait of . 
 
 It 
 
 751 
 
 Reynolds, Joseph T., residence of 
 
 facing 
 
 95 
 
 
 
 
 Reeves, Samuel J., portrait of . 
 
 tt 
 
 708 
 
 Wagoner, John W., portrait and residence of . 
 
 facing 
 
 762 
 
 Rhoads, George, residence of . . . 
 
 tt 
 
 372 
 
 Walton, David, portrait of 
 
 
 757 
 
 Richards, Jno., residence of 
 
 it 
 
 282 
 
 Walton, Joseph P., portrait of . 
 
 
 768 
 
 Rickabaugh, Jacob, portrait of . 
 
 . 
 
 712 
 
 Warrington, Curtis H., residence of . 
 
 facing 
 
 310 
 
 Ring, Caleb B., residence of . . . 
 
 facing 
 
 301 
 
 Washington's headquarters at Valley Forge 
 
 . 
 
 99 
 
 Roberts, G. W., portrait of . . . . 
 
 tt 
 
 713 
 
 Washington's headquarters at battle of Brandywin 
 
 e . facing 
 
 71 
 
 Roberts, James C, portrait of . 
 
 . 
 
 714 
 
 Wayne, Gen. Anthony, residence of . 
 
 tt 
 
 17' 
 
 Roberts, James C. (Old Mansion) 
 
 facing 
 
 326 
 
 Wayne, Gen. Anthony, portrait of . . 
 
 facing 
 
 759 
 
 Roberts, James C, residence and mills of . 
 
 It 
 
 175 
 
 West, M.D., J. G., residence of . 
 
 " 
 
 180 
 
 Roberts, Pratt, residence of . . . 
 
 tt 
 
 300 
 
 West Chester Academy 
 
 
 304 
 
 Rokeby Paper-Mills 
 
 
 176 
 
 West Chester in 1842 . 
 
 
 216 
 
 Ross, Moses, home and farm residence of . 
 
 facing 
 
 103 
 
 Westtown Boarding-School 
 
 White Hall tavern 
 
 facing 
 
 303 
 214 
 
 Sachse,.J. F., residence of . 
 
 facing 
 
 174 
 
 Wilson, R. F. and J. D., residence of 
 
 facing 
 
 132 
 
 Sadsbury Woolen-Mills .... 
 
 ti 
 
 344 
 
 Wilson, Robert, portrait of .... 
 
 
 769 
 
 Sager, John P., residence and mills of 
 
 tt 
 
 196 
 
 Williamson, Hugh, portrait of . 
 
 
 766 
 
 Saylor, John C, residence and mills of 
 
 tt 
 
 373 
 
 Windle, Dr. L., portrait of . 
 
 
 771 
 
 Scattergood, T&omas ¥., residence of 
 
 " 
 
 728 
 
 Wood, Thomas, residence of 
 
 facing 
 
 283 
 
 Seal, Thomas F. and Lydia G., residence of 
 
 tt 
 
 204 
 
 Wood, J. B., portrait of 
 
 
 772 
 
 Seal, first county 
 
 . 
 
 26 
 
 Woodward, 0. L., portrait and residence of 
 
 facing 
 
 763 
 
 Scott, D. Eaton, residence of ... . 
 
 facing 
 
 359 
 
 Worth, Francis, residence of ... . 
 
 tt 
 
 16 
 
 Seeds, Bmmor, rjpidenoe of ... . 
 
 tt 
 
 181 
 
 Worth, Samuel, residence of ... . 
 
 tt 
 
 16 
 
 Shafer, William T., portrait of . 
 
 
 721 
 
 Worthington, Lewis, portrait of. 
 
 
 779 
 
 Shaffer, Thomas, portrait of ... . 
 
 facing 
 
 722 
 
 
 
 
 Shantz & Keeley (stove-works) . . . . 
 
 . 
 
 392 
 
 Yeatman, John C, residence and mills of . 
 
 tt 
 
 334 
 
 Sharp, Joseph W., residence of . 
 
 facing 
 
 719 
 
 Yeatman, John M., residence of. 
 
 " 
 
 165 
 
 Sharpless, Benjamin, residence of . . . 
 
 tt 
 
 197 
 
 Young, George, residence of ... . 
 
 " 
 
 154 
 
 Sheeder, Frederick, portrait of . 
 
 . 
 
 724 
 
 Young, David, portrait of 
 
 
 780 
 
 Smedley, R. B., residence of ... • 
 
 facing 
 
 728 
 
 
 
 

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HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVAMA. 
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 Leaving out of consideration the origin of the Indian 
 races formerly inhabiting our country, it now seems well 
 established that the American continent was known to Eu- 
 ropean nations long anterior to tlie discovery of Columbus. 
 The successful termination of his voyage in 1492 aroused 
 a spirit of greed and adventure which kept alive the knowl- 
 edge then obtained until a permanent footing was gained 
 by white men upon these shores. The ability to send forth 
 successful colonies to such remote regions required an amount 
 of vigor, means, and appliances in the parent-stock which 
 was probably wanting at first, so that for more than a cen- 
 tury nothing of the kind was accomplished north of the 
 Gulf of Mexico, nor had the Delaware Bay been even dis- 
 covered. 
 
 The first settlement of Virginia was commenced at James- 
 town in 1607. Two years later the celebrated English nav- 
 igator, Henry Hudson, after having made two unsuccessful 
 voyages in the employ of London merchants, in search of a 
 northern passage to the East Indies, entered the service of 
 the Dutch East India Company, and, with the same object 
 in viewjjimade his celebrated voyage resulting in the dis- 
 covery of the great river which bears his name. During 
 this voyage, and when in latitude thirty-nine degrees and 
 five minutes north, he discovered, Aug. 28, 1609, " a great 
 bay." To this great bay the name of Delaware has been 
 given in honor of Lord Delaware, who is said to have en- 
 tered it the following year. It does not appear that Hud- 
 son sailed Tery far up the bay, having soon come to the 
 conclusion that " he that will thoroughly discover this great 
 bay must have a small pinnace that will draw but four or 
 five feet of water, to sound before him." Though an Eng- 
 lishman, Hudson was in the employ of the Dutch, and on 
 this account the latter nation laid claim to the territory 
 then discovered. 
 
 The various names by which the Delaware Kiver and 
 Bay have been known are enumerated in Hazard's " Annals 
 of Pennsylvania." By the Indians it was called " Pau- 
 taxat, Mariskitton, and Makerish-kisken, Lenape Whit- 
 tuck ; by the Dutch, Zuyt or South River, Nassau River, 
 Prince Hendrick River, and Charles River ; by the Swedes, 
 New Swedeland stream ; by the English, Delaware. Hey- 
 2 
 
 lin, in his " Cosmography,'' calls it Arasapha. The bay 
 has also been known as New Port May and Godyn's Bay. 
 
 On the 27th of March, 1614, their high mightinesses, 
 the states-general of .Holland, granted a general charter, se- 
 curing the exclusive privilege of trade, during four voyages, 
 to the discoverer of " any new courses, havens, countries, or 
 places." The merchants of Amsterdam fitted out five ves- 
 sels to engage in voyages of discovery. Among them was 
 the " Fortune," belonging to the city of Hoorn, commanded 
 by Capt. Cornells Jacobson Mey. In this he arrived at the 
 mouth of Delaware Bay, to the two proper capes of which 
 he appropriated two of his names, — Cornells and Mey. To 
 another cape farther south he gave the name of Hindlopen, 
 after a town of Friesland. Another vessel, commanded by 
 Capt. Adrian Block, was unfortunately burnt at the mouth 
 of the " Manhattan River," whereupon he built a yacht, 
 forty-four and a half feet long and eleven and a half feet wide, 
 in which to continue his explorations. This vessel, the 
 first built by Europeans in this country, was. called the 
 " Unrust' ' (" Restless"). The other vessels having returned 
 home, the " Restless," under command of Capt. Cornells 
 Hendriakson, proceeded to make further explorations, espe- 
 cially in Delaware Bay. It has been said that this expe- 
 dition explored the river as high up as the mouth of the 
 Schuylkill, but of this the evidence is not clear. 
 
 In 1621 the Dutch West India Company was incorpor- 
 ated, though it did not go into operation until 1623. 
 Their object was principally trade, and not colonization, 
 beyond the establishment of trading- posts. 
 
 Having taken possession of the North and South Rivers, 
 by virtue of their charter, they dispatched a vessel thereto, 
 under the direction of Capts. Cornells Jacobson Mey and 
 Adriaen Joriz Tienpont. Capt. Mey proceeded to the 
 Delaware or South River, and on the eastern bank thereof, 
 about fifteen leagues from the mouth, erected Fort Nassau, 
 supposed to be near the mouth of Little Timber Creek, in 
 Gloucester Co., N. J. The date of its erection is fixed 
 about the year 1624. The seat of government of New 
 Netherland, as the country was named, was fixed at Man- 
 hattan Island, and so remained while the Dutch maintained 
 their authority. The superior local officer was styled " di- 
 
10 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 rector," and this office was conferred on Peter Minuit or 
 Minnewit. Dr. Smith remarks, — 
 
 " It is a oiroumstanoe worthy of note, that the party who erected 
 Fort Nassau was acoompnnied hy females. The fact is fully estab- 
 lished by the following ourions deposition of Catelina Tricho, said to 
 have been the first white woman at Albany ; 
 
 '"New York, February 14th, 1884-6. 
 
 ** ' The Deposition of Catelina Tricho aged fouer score yeares or 
 thereabouts, taken before the right bono''" CoUo. Thomas Leut, and 
 Governour under his Roy" high™ James Duke of Yorke and Albany, 
 etc. of N. York and its Dependenoycs in America, who saith and de- 
 clares in the pr'sens of God as followeth. 
 
 " * That she came to this Province either in the year one thousand 
 six hundred and twenty three or twenty fouer to the best of her re- 
 membrance, an that fouer women came along with her in the same 
 shipp, in which the Governo' Arien Jurissen came also over, which 
 fouer women were married nt Sea, and that they and their husbands 
 stayed about three weeks at this place, and then they with eight sea- 
 men more went in a vessel by ord" of the Dutch Governo', to Dela- 
 ware river and there settled. This I Certifie under my b.and and y» 
 Seale of this province. Tho. Dosgan.' " 
 
 The settlement at Delaware was very brief, for in 1625 
 it was vacated to strengthen the Manhattan colony. 
 
 Soon after this a Swedish West India Company was 
 chartered for purposes of colonization and commerce, but 
 owing to wars, and finally the death, in 1632, of Gustavus 
 Adolphus, of Sweden, nothing was then accouiplished. 
 
 The Dutch now, in order to maintain their footinjr, de- 
 termined upon colonization on the Delaware, and two of the 
 directors of the West India Company, Samuel Godyn and 
 Samuel Blomaert, purchased a large tract of land at the 
 mouth of the bay, which purchase was confirmed to the com- 
 pany at New York, July 16, 1630. A small colony was set- 
 tled there on Lewes Creek, but owing to some trouble with 
 the Indians they were all cut off in less than two years after. 
 There is also some evidence that the crew of an English 
 sloop were murdered by the natives about this time, they 
 having gone into " Count Ernest's" River, near Fort 
 Nassau. 
 
 Another purchase of land by the Dutch is said to have 
 been made' in 1633, this time on the Schuylkill; but as 
 this transaction first appears in after-years, when a dispute 
 arose with the Swedes, it seems somewhat doubtful. 
 
 An attempt was made by English colonists from the Con- 
 necticut to settle on the Delaware in 1635, but they were 
 captured by the Dutch and sent to Manhattan, where it 
 appears they remained, and one, Thomas Hall, became a 
 person of distinction. 
 
 The objects of the Swedish West India Company being 
 revived, a settlement on the Delaware was projected in 
 
 1637. Two ships— " Kalmar Nyckel" and " Gripen" 
 (otherwise the " Key of Kalmar" and the " Griffin")— 
 were placed under the command of Peter Minuit, who had 
 formerly been in the service of the Dutch, and sailed from 
 Gottenburg late in the year 1637. The date of arrival is 
 not accurately known, but it appears that by March 29, 
 
 1638, Minuit had purchased land on the west side of the 
 Delaware from the Indians. To the Minquas River he 
 gave the name of Christina, in honor of the queen of 
 Sweden, and thereon erected a fort of the same name, 
 about two and a half miles from its mouth. These pro- 
 ceedings aroused the jealousy of the Dutch, but, owin" to 
 
 their weakness, they did not attempt anything more than 
 to protest against it. 
 
 The progress of the Swedish colony, which was doubtless 
 owing to the intelligence and experience of the commandej, 
 became so alarming to the Dutch Governor at Manhattan, 
 that he at once advised the West India Company in respect 
 to it, by a letter dated July 31, 1638, of which the follow- 
 ing is an extract : 
 
 " Minuyt erected a fort on the South River, five leagues from ours; 
 attracted all the peltries to himself by means of liberal gifts; de- 
 parted thence with two attendant ships, leaving 24 
 
 men in the fort, provided with all sorts of goods and " * * * «> •> * 
 
 *S, It. H. 
 
 provisions, had posts set up with these letters, Ac," 
 
 Although the Dutch had traded on the river for a long 
 time, they had not really made a permanent settlement, 
 which was now accomplished by the Swedes, who are said 
 by Acrelius to have purchased the western shore as far up 
 as the present site of Trenton. 
 
 Acrelius gives us to understand that Minuit remained 
 here, and, after some years, died at this place ; but Prof C. 
 T. Odhner, in his " History of the Founding of New 
 Sweden," translated by Prof. G. B. Keen,* shows that he 
 proceeded with his ships by way of the West Indies for 
 purposes of trade. While there he visited a Dutch ship 
 which lay near by, named " Het vKegende hert" ("The 
 Flying Deer"), and while on board a violent hurricane 
 arose, and nothing more was seen of him or the vessel 
 afterwards. 
 
 On the Delaware he left twenty-three men, under the 
 command of Mfi,ns Kling, the only Swede expressly named 
 as taking part in this first expedition, and Henrik Huyghen, 
 who seems to have been Minuii's brother-in-law or cousin. 
 The first appears to have been, the military and the latter 
 the civil director of the colony. 
 
 In 1640 the "Kalmar Nyckel" arrived again in the 
 Delaware, after a short voyage, by the 17th of April, bear- 
 ing reinforcements for the colony. In the same year a col- 
 ony of Hollanders was established, by permission of the 
 Swedish government, below Fort Christina. In May, 1640, 
 the "Kalmar Nyckel" sailed for Sweden, and arrived in 
 July, but in the following year returned with the third ex- 
 pedition, accompanied by the " Charitas." Many of those 
 who came at this time were Finns. 
 
 In 1641 a company of English from New Haven at- 
 tempted to found a settlement near the present Salem, 
 N. J., but being equally obnoxious to Dutch and Swedes, 
 their stay was of short duration. 
 
 Peter Hollandare had succeeded Peter Minuit as Gov- 
 ernor of New Sweden, but his administration lasted only 
 about a year and a half, when he returned to his native 
 country. A fourth expedition was fitted out in 1642, and 
 consisted of the two vessels, the " Stoork" and the " Re- 
 nown," under command of John Printz, the third governor 
 of New Sweden. They sailed from Gottenburg on the 1st 
 of November, and arrived at Port Christina on the 15th of 
 February following. The new Governor decided that this 
 place did not sufficiently command the river, and therefore 
 selected the island of Tennaconk (Tinicum) as the site for 
 a new fortress. 
 
 ' Fenna. Mag., iii. 269, etc. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 11 
 
 Besides the fort, which was named New Gottenburg, 
 Governor Printz " caused to be built there a mansion for 
 himself and family, which was very handsome ; there was a 
 fine orchard, a pleasure house, and other conveniences. He 
 called it Printz Hall." 
 
 Ferris in his " Original Settlements on the Delaware," 
 says, " This hall stood more than a hundred and sixty 
 years, and was at last burnt down by accident since the 
 commencement of the present century." 
 
 This vigilant Governor did not feel satisfied that he had 
 quite " shut the river" by the erection of Fort Gottenburg ; 
 lor before the expiration of eight months from the day of 
 his arrival he had completed another fortress near the 
 mouth of Salem Creek, which he called Elfsborg, or Elsin- 
 borg, and on which were mounted eight brass twelve- 
 pounders. 
 
 Upon the arrival of Governor Printz the only European 
 population on the river were the few persons occupying the 
 Dutch fort Nassau, the Swedish colony at Christina, and 
 the Dutch patroon colony established by the Swedish gov- 
 ernment at one or more points lower down. How many 
 persons accompanied the Governor is not known, but the 
 number, though not large, was probably greater than the 
 whole previous population of the river. He brought with 
 him his wife and one daughter, and probably other mem- 
 bers of his family, a Lieutenant-Governor and secretary, a 
 chaplain and surgeon [barber], besides twenty-four regular 
 soldiers, with oflScers suflScient for a much larger force. 
 These, with an ample supply of military stores and pro- 
 visions for the garrison, and a large stock of goods suitable 
 for Indian traffic, which is known to have constituted part 
 of the freight of the two vessels, would leave but little space 
 for actual settlers, their household goods, and implements of 
 husbandry. Still a considerable number of settlers ac- 
 companied the expedition, who doubtless fixed their places 
 of abode within a convenient distance of the newly erected 
 forts. It was the first successful colony planted within the 
 limits of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Prof. Keen* gives the names of several Swedish emi- 
 grants, obtained from the archives at Stockholm, viz. : 
 
 Anders Svensson Bonde, Per Andersson, Anders Larsson 
 Daalbo, Sven Larsson, Peter Gunnarsson Rambo, Sven 
 Gunnarsson, Lars Svensson K&ckin, M&ns Andersson, Joen 
 Thorsson, M&rten Gottersson, Clas Jansson, who came in 
 the first and second expeditions of 1638 and 1640. The 
 wife of Sven Gunnarsson and his son, Sven Svensson, doubt- 
 less came with him. 
 
 In the third expedition, on the " Kalmar Nyckel" and 
 " Charitas," 1641, came JMns Kling, his wife, a maid and 
 
 a little child, Herr ChristoflFer , Gustaf Strahl, Michel 
 
 Jansson, M&ns Svensson Loom, his wife and three children, 
 Olof Persson Stille, his wife and two children. Mats Hans- 
 son or Jansson and wife, Anders Hannsson or Jansson, 
 Axel Stille, Olof Prison, Per Jdransson, Jan Ericsson, 
 Jacob Sprint, P&l Jorans^on or Jbnsson, Evert Hindricsson, 
 Lars Markusson, Hindrich Matsson, Johan Andersson, 
 Olof Ericsson, P&l Smaal, Carl Jansson, Mats Hansson, 
 Peter Larsson Kock, Eskil Larsson, Clement Jbransson, 
 
 » Penna. Mag., iii. 402, 409, 462. 
 
 Eskil Larsson or Lars Eskilsson, Bartel Eskilsson, son of 
 the last Hans Mfi,nsson, Hindrich Mattsson, Lars Biorsson, 
 Sivert or Evert Sivertsson, M&ns Jbransson, Mats Olofsson, 
 Claes Clacsson, Laurens Andriesson, Lucas Persson, Lars 
 Thomson, Anders Christiansson Dreycr, Knut MS,ftensson 
 Vasa, Olof Thorsson, Lars Andersson Ulf. and Gottfried 
 Hermansson. 
 
 With Governor Printz, 1612-43, came his wife and 
 daughter, Anngott, Rev. John Campanius Holm, ^'j'unkei-" , 
 Knut Liljehbbk, Mfl,ns Kling (who had come out before in 
 1638 and 1641), Knut Persson, Jbran Kyn Snohvit, Elias 
 Gyllengren, Anders Andersson Horaan, Hans Luneburger, 
 Lars Andersson, Nils Andersson, Michel Nilsson, Gregorius 
 Van Dyck, Sven Andersson, Jacob Svens.son, Nicklaus Bock 
 or Borck, Johan Gustafsson, Peter Meyer, Isack Van Eysen, 
 Constantinos Gronebergh, Peter Jochimson, Joon Nilsson 
 Skreddere, Johan Olofsson, Lars Jacobsson, Thomas Jbrans- 
 son Timberman, Marten Martensson Glaascre. 
 
 Professor Keen also gives additional notes in regard to 
 these persons, making an interesting chapter for students of 
 Swedish genealogy. 
 
 Dr. Smith says, — 
 
 " It is by no means wonderful that the Dutch should become alarmed 
 at the progress the Swedes were making in securing the trade of the 
 river, for during the year 1644 they freighted two of their vessels, the 
 * Key of Calmar' and the * Fame,' with cargoes that included two 
 thousand one hundred and twenty-seven packages of beaver, and sev- 
 enty thousand four hundred and twenty-one pounds of tobacco. This 
 shipment of tobacco would indica.te that this noxious plant was culti- 
 vated to a considerable extent on the river at that early period. 
 During the year 1646 a church was erected at the seat of government 
 at Tinicum, which was consecrated to divine services on the 4th of 
 September, and also its burying-place, by the reverend pastor. 'The 
 first corpse that was buried there was that of Catharine, the daughter 
 of Andrew Hanson. She was buried on the 28th of October, in the 
 same year, being the feast of St. Simon and St. Jude.' 
 
 "The site of the burying-place, and doubtless that of the church 
 also, was close on the margin of the river, and is now occupied by a 
 part of its bed between the Lazaretto and Tinicum hotel, but nearer 
 the latter. It is not many years since human bones were seen pro- 
 truding from the undermined and receding bank of the river." 
 
 There were frequent contentions between the Swedes and 
 Dutch, of which reports were duly transmitted to the au- 
 thorities at New Amsterdam and Sweden. At length Gov- 
 ernor Stuyvesant, of the former place, caused a fort to be 
 erected at the present site of New Castle, and gave it the 
 name of Casimir. Governor Printz protested against it, 
 but appears afterward to have become reconciled, and before 
 Governor Stuyvesant left the river they agreed to abstain 
 from hostile acts against each other. 
 
 In 1653, Printz becoming weary of his position, sailed 
 for Sweden, leaving the government in charge of his son- 
 in-law, John Papegoya. His successor was John Rysingh, 
 who arrived towards the end of May, 1654, and commenced 
 his administration by capturing the Dutch fort Casimir on 
 Trinity Sunday. The Dutch now remaining on the river 
 took the oath of fidelity to the Swedish Governor. A treaty 
 for the renewal of friendship with the Indians was held at 
 Printz Hall, and the prospect of Swedish supremacy on the 
 river looked bright. The rash act of Rysingh in capturing 
 Fort Casimir had, however, aroused the ire of the Dutch, 
 and on the 5th of September, 1655, Governor Stuyvesan^i 
 arrived in the river with seven armed vessels and from six 
 
12 
 
 HISTOEY OP CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 to seven hundred men, the most of which had been for- 
 warded from Holland for the purpose. Fort Casimir sur- 
 rendered the next day, and Fort Christina, commanded by 
 Governor Rysingh in person, followed after a bloodless siege 
 of fourteen days. All the Swedes and Finns who desired to 
 remain on the river were obliged to take an oath of allegiance 
 to the states-general of the United Netherlands. Thus 
 ended the Swedish sovereignty on the continent of America. 
 In 2d Archives, vii. 484, is a list of persons subscribing 
 allegiance to the Dutch authority, as follows : 
 
 *' Jan EckhofF, Constantinus Gronenbergh, Harman Jantz, Jan 
 Sehoffel, Klaes Tomasscn, Timen Stiddem, Lucas Petersen, Thoomas 
 Brujn, William Morris, Gostaffsen Anies, Baernt Jansen, Oloff Fra- 
 nien, Andries Jansen, Jan Justen, Mathys Esselse, Moens Andriesen, 
 Martin Martense, Lambert Micbalsen, Samuel Petersen." 
 
 There were probably other lists, which have been lost. 
 It may be remarked that few of those wrote their names. 
 
 An order was issued for the Swedes to be gathered to- 
 gether into one settlement at Upland, Passayunk, Finland, 
 Kingsessing, or where they pleased. This they did not 
 incline to do, and it appearing barbarous to compel them to 
 it the project was at length abandoned. 
 
 In 1656 the Dutch West India Company, being em- 
 barrassed with debts, conveyed to the city of Amsterdam 
 that part of their possessions on the river from Christina 
 kill to the mouth of the bay. This was then styled the 
 colony of the city, to distinguish it from the colony of the 
 company. 
 
 Charles II., being restored to the throne of Great Britain, 
 granted to his brother James, Duke of York, the territory 
 embracing the whole of New York and New Jersey, and by 
 a subsequent grant that which now comprises the State of 
 Delaware ; to all of which the right of the Dutch had never 
 been acknowledged. The duke fitted out an expedition, 
 consisting of four men of war and four hundred and fifty 
 men, which he placed under the command of Col. Eichard 
 Nicolls. They reached the mouth of the Hudson in the 
 latter part of August, 1664, and on the 8th of September 
 New Amsterdam surrendered without the firing of a gun. 
 Sir Eobert Carr was then dispatched to the Delaware with 
 a sufiBcient force to effect a conquest. Arriving there on 
 the last day of September, he sailed past the forts, " the 
 better to satisfie the Swede, who, notwithstanding the 
 Dutches persuasion to y'' contrary, were soone their frinds." 
 After three days' parley, the burghers and townsmen yielded 
 to the demands of the English, on terms favorable to them- 
 selves and the Swedes, but the Governor, D'Hinoyosa, 
 and soldiery refused every proposition, although the fort 
 was in a bad condition, and defended by only fifty men. 
 " Whereupon," says Sir Eobert in his official dispatch, " I 
 landed my soldiers on Sunday morning following, and com- 
 manded y" shipps to fall down before y= fort w'Mn muskett 
 shott, w"" directions to fire two broadsides apeace uppon y° 
 Fort, then my soldiers to fall on. Which done, y" soldiers 
 neaver stoping untill they stormed y^ Fort, and sae conse- 
 quently to plundering ; the seamen, noe less given to that 
 sporte, were quickly w'^in, and have gotten good store of 
 booty." The loss on the part of the Dutch was three killed 
 and ten wounded ; on the part of the English, none. 
 New Amsterdam was now changed to New York, and the 
 
 name of New Amstel to New Castle, the seat of govern- 
 ment being at the former place. Even before the duke 
 had acquired possession of his American territory, he con- 
 veyed all that portion of it which now forms the State of 
 New Jersey to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. 
 
 Col. Nicolls acted as Governor of New York and its de- 
 pendencies about three years, when he was succeeded by 
 Francis Lovelace, in May, 1667. 
 
 On the 21st of April, 1668, the government at New 
 York adopted " Eesolutions and directions for the settle- 
 ment of a garrison on the Delaware." Under this head, 
 directions were given that it was only " necessary to hold 
 up the name and countenance of a garrison, with twenty 
 men and one commissioned ofiicer." But the more im- 
 portant matter of establishing courts of justice was also 
 contained in the " resolutions and directions." To prevent 
 " all abuses or oppositions in civil matters, so often as com- 
 plaint is made, the commission officer, Capt. Carre, shall 
 call the scout w* Hans Block, Israel Helm, Peter Eambo, 
 Peter Cock, Peter Alricb, or any two of them as counsellors, 
 to advise, hear, and determine, by the major vote, what is 
 just, equitable, and necessary in the case or cases in ques- 
 tion." 
 
 As no time or place is mentioned for holding the courts, 
 and as three of those named were afterward justices of Up- 
 land court, it is reasonable to suppose that they occasion- 
 ally held sessions there at this early date. During this and 
 the two succceeding years several tracts of land on the river 
 were confirmed to persons who held titles from the Dutch, 
 including a few lots in Upland. 
 
 In 1669 an insurrection was attempted by one Marcus 
 Jacobson, known as the " Long Finn," assisted by Henry 
 Coleman, also a Finn, and a man of property. The Long 
 Finn was captured, tried, and sentenced to be whipped, 
 branded, and sold as a slave to Barbadoes or elsewhere. 
 Coleman escaped, and lived for some time among the In- 
 dians, until his offense was probably overlooked. Jeuffro 
 Papegay, Armgart Printz (the wife of John Papegoya, and 
 daughterof Gov. Printz) was somewhat implicated, " though 
 what she had done was not of any dangerous consequence." 
 It appeared also that " the little dominie hath played the 
 trumpeter in this disorder." The object and expectations 
 of the conspirators are not well understood. Secretary 
 Matthias Nicolls being sent to inquire into the matter, re- 
 ported that " they pretended an expectation of some Swed- 
 ish ships to come and reduce the place." 
 
 Early in 1671, at the suggestion of Capt. Carr, several 
 orders were made by the Governor and Council in respect to 
 the Delaware. No persons were to be permitted to distill 
 liquor without license ; the number of victuallers and tap- 
 sters to be ascertained, three only to be allowed in New 
 Castle, and " some few up the river" who may be licensed ; 
 constables are to be appointed to keep the king's peace. 
 As to the tenure of lands on the Delaware, it was' to be 
 held " in free and common socage as his Royal Highness, 
 by his Majesty's patent, holds all his territories in America ; 
 that is to say, according to the custom of the Manor of 
 East Greenwich, only with this proviso, that they likewise 
 pay the Quit rents reserved in their several patents, as ac- 
 knowledgements to his Eoyal Highness." 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 13 
 
 As to the mill, that Carr had represented to the Council 
 as being " up Delaware River at y° Carcoons Hooke," and 
 which " did heretofore appertain to y° publique, and now is 
 endeavoured to be engrossed by some particular persons for 
 their private uses," it was ordered " that care be taken for 
 y letting out j° said Mill for y' best advantage to some 
 person who will undertake y' same, and that y" profitt thereof 
 be reserved for j= publiqu"." This is the old Swedes' mill 
 on Cobb's Creek, erected about 1644. 
 
 That a court was held at Upland as early as 1672, ap- 
 pears by the following order of Governor Lovelace respect- 
 ing a piece of land at Amosland, now in Ridley township : 
 
 " Whereas Comp" hath been make unto me by Jan Cornells Maltys 
 Mattysen & Martin Martinsen, Inhabitants at Amsland in Delaware 
 Kiver that after having been quietly possest of a parcell of Valley or 
 Meadow Ground upon the Island over against Calcoone Hooke near 
 their PlantaoSn, Israel Helme did by Misinformacfin obtain a Patent 
 for the same having never possesion or pretence thereunto before, So 
 that the said Inhabitants are dispo^sest to the ruin of their PlantaoSns 
 w'l'out reliefe: These are to Authorize & Empower the Court at Up- 
 land w"* the assistance of one or two of the High Court to c^^amine 
 into the matter and make report of the Truth thereof unto me that I 
 may make some Order thereupon according to Equity and good Con- 
 seienee. 
 
 "Given Ac. this 8th day of August 1672." 
 
 Whether this court at Upland was distinct from that of 
 New Castle is uncertain. Edmund Cantwell, of New Cas- 
 tle, was appointed sheriflF for the river in this year, as also 
 collector of quit-rents in place of William Tom, resigned. 
 
 A war broke out between tlie English and Dutch in 
 1672, and on the 6th of August, 1673, a Dutch fleet ap- 
 peared before the fort at New York, in the absence of Gov- 
 ernor Lovelace at New Haven, and after a slight resistance 
 the fort surrendered and the country submitted again to the 
 authority of the Dutch. Anthony Colve was appointed 
 Governor-General of New Netherland, including its former 
 extent, and a Council held their sittings at Fort William 
 Hendrick, as the fort at New York was now called. 
 
 The deputies from the Delaware appeared before this 
 tribunal, and gave in " their submission to their High 
 Mightinesses the Lords States General of the United Neth- 
 erlands, and his Serene Highness the Prince of Orange, on 
 the 12th of September.'' In return they obtained for 
 their constituents, among other privileges, " free trade and 
 commerce with Christians and Indians ;" freedom of con- 
 science ; security in the possession of their houses and lands, 
 and exemption from all rent charges and excise otf wine, 
 beer, and distilled liquors consumed on the South River. 
 This last privilege was granted in consideration of the ex- 
 pense the inhabitants would incur " in erecting the fort," 
 and was to continue till 1676 — "Those of the English 
 nation to enjoy the same privileges upon taking the oath of 
 allegiance." At the same time three courts of justice 
 were established on the Delaware — one at New Amstel, one 
 at the Hoern kill, and one at Upland. The jurisdiction of 
 the Upland court extended provisionally from the east and 
 west banks of Kristina kill upwards unto the head of the 
 river. 
 
 The inhabitants were required, " by a plurality of votes," 
 to nominate for each court eight persons as magistrates. 
 From these the Council at New York selected the justices 
 of the several courts. 
 
 Peter Alrichs was appointed by Governor Colve com- 
 mander and schout, and Walter Wharton was reappointed 
 surveyor of the South River district. Peter Alrichs took 
 his oath of oflBce and allegiance without reservation, but 
 Wharton, being an Englishman, made it a condition in his 
 fealty that he was not to be forced to bear arms against his 
 own nation. Alrichs was appointed to administer the oath 
 of allegiance to the inhabitants of the South River, and 
 also authorized to enlist ten or twelve soldiers " on govern- 
 ment account," including two corporals. 
 
 By virtue of the treaty of peace between England and 
 the Netherlands, signed on the 9th of February, 1674, it 
 became necessary to restore these possessions again to the 
 English. Edmund Andros was appointed Governor of New 
 York, July 15th, and upon his arrival received possession 
 from Governor Colve. 
 
 Edmund Cantwell and William Tom were commissioned, 
 November 6th, by the Governor to take possession of the 
 fort at New Castle, and of all military stores there, or on any 
 other part of the river, on behalf of his majesty of Great 
 Britain. Under this commission, in the record at Albany, 
 is the following list of justices : 
 
 " Names of y'' Justices for Newcastle are : Mr. Hans Block, Mr. 
 Jn" Moll, Mr. Fopp Outhout, Mr. Joseph Chew, Mr. Dirick Alberts. 
 Epr the Kiver: Mr. Peter Cock, Mr. Peter Bambo, Mr. Israel Helm, 
 Mr. Laers Andrieson, Mr. AVolIe Swain.'' 
 
 These justices had ncf formal commissions issued to them 
 at this time, but simply an order from the Governor, directed 
 to them under the title of commissaries, " to resume their 
 places as magistrates." Capt. Edmund Cantwell was commis- 
 sioned, November 11 th, to administer to these justices their 
 official oath, he having been reinstated in his office of sheriff 
 or schout. Capt. Cantwell, in conjunction with Johannes 
 De Haas, was also appointed collector of quit-rents on the 
 Delaware, and of all other duties, whether custom or excise. 
 
 The above justices were commissioned Feb. 28, 1675, to 
 hold a court of oyer and terminer at New Castle for the 
 trial of a special case. 
 
 Capt. Cantwell, besides holding the office of sheriff, ap- 
 pears to have been intrusted with the charge of affairs gen- 
 erally on the Delaware. 
 
 Governor Andros visited the Delaware in May, 1675, and 
 on the. 13th and 14th of that month held a special court at 
 New Castle, at which it was ordered " that highways should 
 be cleared from place to place within the precincts of this 
 government ;" that the church in the town should be regu- 
 lated by the court ; that the " meeting at Crane Hocck do 
 continue as heretofore ;" and " that the church att Thine- 
 cum Island do serve for Upland and parts adjacent." 
 There being no church higher up the river, the magistrates 
 of Upland were ordered to have one " built att Wickegkoo, 
 the wh"*" to bee for the inhabitants of Passayunk & so up- 
 wards." They were empowered to raise a tax for this pur- 
 pose and to maintain a minister. Liquor was not to be sold 
 to the Indians in less quantity than two gallons at a time, 
 and distillation from grain was prohibited. 
 
 Dr. Smith says, — 
 
 "This is the earliest record of the proceedings of any court on the 
 Delaware. They are recorded incidentally among the proceedings of 
 the. regular New Castle court for the early part of 1677 (N. S,). The 
 
14 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 functions of this court, which was intended to be held annually, were 
 rather legialatiTC than judicial. The order 'that highways should 
 be cleared from place to place' seems to have been the first step taken 
 for the establishment of roads in the States of Delaware or Pennsyl- 
 vania. It is oarfii-Bt road law. 
 
 " As early as 1672 the Court of Assizes, held at New York, ordained 
 in respect to parochial churches, ' that y« law be attended (to) ; but 
 although persons bee of different judgments, yet all are to contribute 
 to y« allowed minister.' Strangely as this ordinance may contrast 
 with the liberty of conscience granted in the articles of capitulation, 
 when the country was first surrendered by the Dutch, it will sufB- 
 ciently explain the order of the special or general court at New Castle 
 to the Upland court, in relation to the maintenance of the minister 
 for the new church at Wiccaco, and the action of this court in respect 
 to such matters that followed." 
 
 Lord Berkeley having conveyed one moiety of New Jer- 
 sey to John Fenwick, in trust for Edward Byllinge, a num- 
 ber of persons arrived in the ship " Griffith" in 1675, and 
 settled at Salem, under the auspices of Fenwick. Robert, 
 Edward, and John Wade, and Richard Noble were among 
 the passengers, the first of whom settled on the west side 
 of the river at Upland, where William Edmundson, an 
 eminent minister of the Society of Friends, found him 
 when traveling through the country in the same year. 
 Some others of the passengers by the " Griffith" are be- 
 lieved to have settled at Upland, but their names are un- 
 known. 
 
 On the 23d of September, 1676, Capt. John Collier was 
 appointed " Commander in Delaware River and Bay,'' and 
 on the same day justices of the peace were commissioned 
 for the jurisdictions of New Castle and Upland for one year 
 or till further order. Ephraim Herman was appointed 
 clarlcc of both courts. 
 
 The records of Upland court from this time to the ar- 
 rival of Governor Markham, in 1681, are in the possession 
 of the State Historical Society, and have also been published 
 by the society, with a valuable introduction and notes by 
 Edward Armstrong, Esq. 
 
 The following letter of instructions from the Governor 
 very fully explains the character and jurisdiction of the 
 court : 
 
 " EnjiOND Andkos, Esqr: A Seigneur of Sausmarez, Lieut: & Gov- 
 ern': Gen"; under his Knyall Uigbnesse James Duke of Yorkeand 
 albany, etc : of all the Territories of Aoierica: 
 " Whereas, The Last leare att my beeing att Delowar uppon appli- 
 cation of the Inhabitnnts Representing that my pMeeesso"' Govern'' 
 Lovelace had begun to make a Regulacon for the due administracun 
 of Justice according to the lawes of this Gouernment, pursuant to wich 
 I: did appoint some magistrates and made some Rules for their pro- 
 ceeding the leare e'suing or till further order ; In which haveing uppon 
 mature deliberation, by the advyoe of my Counoill made some altera- 
 con, Thpy are to Remaine and bee in force in forme following : 
 
 " 1. That the bookes of Lawes Establisht by his Royii Highnesse 
 and practized in New Yorke, Long Island, and dependences Bee 
 Likewyse in force and practice in this River, and precinct? except 
 the Constable's Co'*" : County Kates and some other things ; Peculiar 
 to Long Island, — and the militia as now ordered to Remain in the 
 King; But that a Constable be Icarly in each place chosen for the 
 preservation of his May"™ peace w" all other Powers as Directed by 
 Lawe. 
 
 "2. That there bee three Courts held in the severall parts of the 
 River and Bay, as formerly, to wit, one in New Castle, one above att 
 upplands, another below at whorekills. 
 
 " 3. That the Courts consist of Justices of the Peace, whereof three 
 to make a coram & to have the power of a Court of Sessions & decide 
 all matters under twenty pounds w'^out appeall. In w""" Court the Eld- 
 est Justice to prgide unlesse otherwise agreed amonghst themselves 
 
 above twenty pounds &, for oryme, extending to Lyfe, Limb, or ban- 
 ishment to admitt of appeale to the Co" of Assizes. 
 
 "4. That all small matters under the valine of fyve pounds may 
 bee determined by the Court without a Jury, unlesse deslered by the 
 partees, as alsoe matters of Equity. 
 
 " 5. That the Court for New Castle be held once a moneth, to begin 
 the first Teusday in Each month, and the Cor' for uppland and the 
 whoorekill quarterly, and to begin the second Tuesday of the month 
 or oftener if occasion. 
 
 " 6. That all necessary By-lawes or orders, not Repugnant to yo 
 Lawes of the Government, made by the said Courts, bee of force and 
 binding, for the space of one whole leare, in the severall places 
 where made, They giving an account thereof to the Governor by the 
 first opportunity : — and that no fines bee made or imposed but by 
 order of Court. 
 
 " 7. That the several Courts have power to Regulate the Court and 
 officers' fees, not to Exceed the Rates in the Booke of Lawes, nor to 
 bee under halfe the valine therein Exprest. 
 
 " 8. That there bee a high Sherife for the Towne of New Castle, 
 River, and Bay, and that the i!'- High Sherrife have power to make an 
 undersherrife or marshal, being a fit prson, and for whom bee will bes 
 Responsable, to bee approved by the Court. But the Sherrife, as iq 
 England, and according to the now practice on Long Island, to act as 
 a principall officer for the Execution of the Lawes, but not as a Jus- 
 tice of Peace or magistrate. 
 
 " 9. That there bee fitting Bookes provyded for the Records, In 
 which all judiciall proceedings, to bee duly and fairly entered as also 
 publicq orders from the Governo', and the names of the magistrates 
 and officers authorized, w"" the tyme of their admission. The s^ 
 Records to be Itept in English, to wich all prgons concerned may have 
 free Recourse at due or sesonable tymes. 
 
 "10. That a filt p'son for Clarke (when vacant) be recommended 
 hy Each Court to the governor for his approbation, in whose hands . 
 the 6* Records to bee kept. 
 
 "11. That all writs, warrants & proceedings att lawe shall be in 
 his may"'!' name. It haveing been practized in the Governm' ever 
 since the first writing of the Lawe book, and itt being his Koy" High- 
 nesses special Pleasure and Order. 
 
 " 12. That no Rates bee Imposed or Levys of mony made wf^in the 
 Towne of Newcastle River, or Bay by any, under what denomination 
 soever w"'out the approbation of the Governr, unlesse upon Extraor- 
 dinary occasion in Case of necessity, of wh"!" the Governo' to have 
 p'sent ace' sent him. That upon the Levy of any Rates there be a 
 faire ace' kept both of the Receipts and disboursments, w* account 
 to be Given in to the Co" there to bee past and then sent to the Gov- 
 ernor for his allowance, until wich not to bee a sufficient discharge. 
 
 " Whereas by this regulation there are no overzeers apointed nor 
 Contstables Courts, but all matters to bee determined by the Justices ; 
 I : doe therefore Recomend the Composure or Referring to arbitraoon 
 of as mony matters particularly under the vallue of fyve pound as 
 may properly be determined that way. Provided it may bee by the 
 consent of Partees ; That any p'son desiering Lapd make application 
 to the Court in whose bounds itt is, whoe are required to sitt once a 
 month or oftner if there bee occasion to Give order therein &, certify 
 to the Governor for any Land not taken upp and Improved fitt pro- 
 portions, not exceeding fifty acres pr head unlesse upon Extraordinary 
 occasions where they see good Cause for itt, w"'' Certificate to bee a 
 sufficient authority or warr' for the surveigo" to surveig the same and 
 with the Surveigors Returne to bee sent to New Yorke for the Gov- 
 erno" approbation ; That in the Certificates be specified how much 
 upland and meaddow w"" due Reguard that Each may have a propor- 
 tionable sheare, according to the place they are in Landward; Given 
 under my hand and scale in New Yorke, the 25th day of Septemb' in 
 the 28th leare of his may"™ Reigne, a" Dom : 1676. 
 
 (Signod) « B. Andross." 
 
 The recently appointed justices, according to the record, 
 held their first court at " Uppland in Delowar Riuer" on 
 the 14th of November, 1676. After they had been sworn 
 into office, the first act of the court was to order " that Mr. 
 Tom, the former Clarke, should deliver unto the present 
 Clarke, Eph. Herman, the Records and other publiq bookes 
 and wry tings belonging to this Court." Nov. 13, 1677, 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 15 
 
 this order was repeated, and " Mr. Tom being sent for 
 and apearing in Court, promissed to doe the same." 
 
 Owing to the death, about this time, of William Tom, 
 it is likely the. order was not obeyed. No records of a 
 former court are known to exist. The same facts are true 
 of the New Castle records. 
 
 The court was held at the house of Neels Laerson, who 
 also entertained the justices. The account made out by 
 the court of the public indebtedness to Laerson for " the 
 Charges of Keepeing of Court and Justices dyet there," 
 establishes the fact that the former court, of which the 
 records have not been discovered, was held at the same 
 place. Laerson probably kept a public-house. His charge 
 for entertaining the court during its present sitting, which 
 appears to have lasted but one day, was one hundred gil- 
 ders. 
 
 Some apprehensions of trouble with the Indians arising, 
 the justices had a meeting with Capt. John Collier, at 
 which it was concluded that the latter, with Israel Helm, 
 should go to Shackamaxon and have a conference with 
 the Indians. This conference was held from the 4th 
 to the 18th of March, 1676-77, at a cost of two hundred 
 and fifty gilders to Upland district. 
 
 The following is a specimen of the judicial proceedings 
 at a court held June 13, 1677: 
 
 " JjisTicE Israel Helm, PI'. 
 
 " Oble Oelsen (als) Coekoe, Def . 
 
 " The P" Complaines that at the plantat" of Juns Jastesse, in his 
 house, hee the pi' was first w* Evill words abused by the def, and 
 afterwards by him beaten, and his shirt all tome In peces by the s^ 
 def, and therefore desiers y' the Court will Inflict punishment ac- 
 cording to the meritt of the s* def, and that as hee is one of the mem- 
 bers of the Court, hee may bee so maintained." 
 
 " The def say eth that the pi' hath first struck him, etc. 
 
 " The High Sherifle, Capt" Edm. Cantwell desiers that the Court 
 will take the case in Consiederacion, and not suffer that a Justice of 
 the Peace shall bee so abused ! 
 
 "The Court haveing Examined into y' whole businesse, and 
 heard the debates of both partiees, together w"^ the Testimony of 
 Lace Coleman, Doe Condemne the said oele oelsen in a fyne of twoo 
 hundered and Ten gilders ; sixty thereof for the poore or Church, and 
 the remainder 150 gilders to the Sheriffe, and doe further order y' 
 the s* oele oelsen doe humbly aske forgiveness of Justice Israeli 
 Helm and the Cb" for his s* offence. 
 
 "The Co" & High Sherife Conoiedering that the s* oele was a 
 poore man w"^ a great Charge of Children, upon his bumble sub- 
 mission did Kemit & forgive him the one hundred and fifty gilders 
 fyne." 
 
 Albert Hendricx, having served out " his Jeare" as con- 
 stable, was dismissed by the court at his own request, and 
 William Orian appointed " Constable for the jurisdiction of 
 this court" in his place. Hendricx (Hendrixon) is the first 
 person known to have held oflSce in Pennsylvania. 
 
 Jurian Hartswelder (Hartsfelder), the deputy sheriflT, 
 being about to remove farther up the river, resigned his 
 office. He was succeeded by Michael Izzard. 
 
 The last adjustment of the dividing line between Upland 
 and New Castle of which there is any record, seemed to fix 
 the division between the two districts about the Christina ; 
 but a mandate issued from the New Castle court on 18th 
 of September of this year, of which the following is an ex- 
 tract, would indicate that a different arrangement had been 
 made: 
 
 "To Mr. Charles Ramsey, Constable In Christeena: 
 
 " You are requested in his May** name to take a true and exact 
 list of all the Tydable p'sons from 16 to 60 years of adge w"'in the 
 bounds, w"'' is all y" north syde of Cresteena Creeke up as far as y" 
 bogh' Creeke, above ole fransens house, & y° names of y^ b^ Tydables 
 to bring . . . ." 
 
 At a meeting of Mr. John Moll, president of New Castle 
 court, with the justices of the Upland court, held at Up- 
 land on the 12th of November of the following year, the 
 above division was confirmed and extended ; the county of 
 Upland was " to begin from y' north syde of Oele fransens 
 Creeke otherways Called Steen Kill, Lying in the boght 
 above y" verdrietige hoeck, and from the said Creek ouer to 
 y" singletree point on the East syde of this Eiver." In 
 other directions, Upland County extended as far as settle- 
 ments had been made ; and although the authority of the 
 Duke of York to govern New Jersey had been resisted by 
 Fenwick and others, it had been maintained on the ground 
 that the sovereignty of the country did not pass to Carte- 
 ret and Berkeley, the purchasers of the soil. Fenwick, for 
 attempting to exercise authority independently of Governor 
 Andros, had even been forcibly arrested in his own house, and 
 sent to New York, where he was for some time imprisoned. 
 This will account for the jurisdiction of the courts on the 
 west side of the river being extended into New Jersey. 
 
 It had been supposed that a tax could only be levied by 
 the authority of a general court ; but the Governor, upon 
 application being made to hitn for the holding of such a 
 court in order to authorize a levy, decided that every court 
 had the power " to make fitting rates for the Jiighways, 
 poor, and other necessaries as is practiced in England." The 
 Governor had authorized a levy of one pence per pound on 
 every man's estate towards paying public expenses, but the 
 justices of New Castle obtained authority from his excel- 
 lency to substitute a poll tax, representing the inconsider- 
 able value of estates, the difficulty of determining that 
 value, and the distance of the people, as their excuse for 
 asking the change. 
 
 The unliquidated expenses of Upland County had by 
 this time so much accumulated as to present an alarming 
 aspect of indebtedness, when the means of liquidation are 
 considered. This indebtedness embraced the following 
 items : 
 
 *' To neels taerson for y® Courts Expensis to this day. Ex- 
 cept 200 gilders by Capt"^ Cantwell paid bim before, there be- 
 ing no other accommodation for y*^ court G. 639 
 
 To Lace Cock, for Expensis of 3 « Comand^ and Simico In- 
 dians last spring; y° ace' being allowed by y" Court 250 
 
 The woolves heads in this Co", not all brought in yet, but 
 computed by y^ Court 420 
 
 To y' Clercq allotted by y» Court for his several Extraor- 
 dinary services to y« Co", etc 200 
 
 To Justice Israeli helm for his severall services to y® Coun- 
 try as Interpreter about ye Indians 400 
 
 To Capt° Cantwell, w*'^ hee hath p** to neels Laerson for y® 
 Courts accommodations, etc 200 
 
 Justice Otto Ernest for sundry Expensis on y° publicq acct. 
 of w^** hee hath not yet brought In his occt. of perticulars.... 300 
 
 Lace Cock for Expensis when his hon"^ y® governo' was 
 there 112 
 
 Peter Bambo demands for Expensis when his bono'' the Gov- 
 ernor was there, 800 gild" 800 
 
 , Capt" Cantwell proffered in Court to pay him 400 gilders w®" 
 hee refused, soo that this is left to his bono' to judge of. 
 
 G. 3321 
 Besides fees due for y® collecting the fA Levy." 
 
 At the November court of this year the justices decided 
 to levy a poll-tax of twenty-six gilders upon each tydable 
 
16 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 (taxable) person, which included every male inhabitant in 
 the county between the ages of sixteen and sixty years, ex- 
 cept the justices, who were by the duke's laws exempt from 
 the payment of taxes, except for the support of the Church. 
 This levy was to be collected by the high sheriff before the 
 25th of the following March, and instead of money he was 
 authorized to receive " wheat at fyve, Rey and Barley att 
 four Gilders '^ scipple, Indian Come at three gilders '^ 
 scipple,* Tobbacco at 8 styvers ^ pound, porke at Eight 
 and bacon at 16 styvers '^ ft: or Elce In wampum or 
 skins att pryce Courrant: The Court further ordering and 
 Impowring the high Sherrife, Capt" Edmond Cantwell, to 
 Receive and Collect the same sume of 26 gilders from Every 
 Tydable in the annexed List," etc. 
 
 "A LIST OF THE TYDABLE P-SONS. 
 
 Bertell Laersen X 
 
 moene Staeckett 1 
 
 bans Jurian 1 
 
 hendrik Tade 1 
 
 andries bertelson 1 
 
 Jan Bertelson I 
 
 Jan Corneliss" <& son 2 
 
 mort. mortense, Senior 1 
 
 Lace mortense 1 
 
 neels uiatson 1 
 
 anthouy matson 1 
 
 hendrick Jacobs 1 
 
 Jacob bendricx 1 
 
 ATT TAOKANINK (TACONY.) 
 
 oele neelson & 2 sons 3 
 
 bans moens 1 
 
 Erick Foulsen 1 
 
 Christiaeu Tomasse 1 
 
 Casper fisck 1 
 
 Peter Jookum & serv* 2 
 
 bans Jurian 1 
 
 micbill frodericks 1 
 
 Justa Daniells & servant 2 
 
 Jonas Juriaensea 1 
 
 Hind ; Jacobs upon y" Isl^.... 1 
 
 Erick Cock Id servant 2 
 
 nioens Cock 1 
 
 Peter ncalson 1 
 
 gunnar Kambo 1 
 
 Lace Cock & servant 2 
 
 micbill nealson 1 
 
 andris Swen & fatber 2 
 
 oele Svpensen his servant 1 
 
 Swen Swenson & son 2 
 
 John Stille 1 
 
 Swen Lorn 1 
 
 oele Stille 1 
 
 andries Benckes 1 
 
 Jan Matti^on 1 
 
 diinck Williams 1 
 
 Tho: Jacobs 1 
 
 Jan Claasscn & 2 sons 3 
 
 mathias Claassen 1 
 
 franck walcker 1 
 
 WillThoinasse 1 
 
 Ptjter matson 1 
 
 Jan Boelsen 1 
 
 Jan Scboetcn 1 
 
 Jan Justa and 2 sons 3 
 
 Jonas nealson & son 2 
 
 Peter andries & son 2 
 
 Lace Dalbo 1 
 
 Rynier Peterssen 1 
 
 oele dalbuo 1 
 
 andries Boen 1 
 
 Swen Boen 1 
 
 Pelle Hambo, Junior 1 
 
 andries Kambo 1 
 
 Richard Duckett 1 
 
 Mr. Jones y*^ hatter 1 
 
 Joseph Peters 1 
 
 Jan Cock 1 
 
 Peter Cook, Junior..... 1 
 
 barmen Ennis 1 
 
 arian andries at Peter Ham- 
 
 boos 1 
 
 ATT CAKKOENS HOEK. 
 
 andries bommnn & son 2 
 
 Pelle Eriokson 1 
 
 Benck Saliiig 1 
 
 andries Saling 1 
 
 Laers Boer 1 
 
 bans Peters 1 
 
 Pelle Puttke 1 
 
 barmen Jansen 1 
 
 hendrick holman 1 
 
 CALKOENS llOEK. 
 
 mort mortenson Junior 1 
 
 UPLAND. 
 
 Claes Schram 1 
 
 llobberd Waede 1 
 
 Jan bendricx 1 
 
 Rich: Bobbingbton 1 
 
 James Sanderling & slaue 2 
 
 John Test & servant 2 
 
 Jurian kien 1 
 
 Rich: noble 1 
 
 Neels Laerson <& son 2 
 
 henry bastings 1 
 
 will : woodman & servant 2 
 
 John hayles 1 
 
 mich : Yzard 1 
 
 MARK: KILL (MARCUS 
 HOOK.) 
 
 Jan Jansen 
 
 will; orian 
 
 Baniell Linsey 
 
 mortcn Knoetsen 
 
 Knoet morten?en 
 
 albert bendricx 
 
 Oele Coeckoe 
 
 Carell Jansen 
 
 oele Riie^sen 
 
 Thorn: Denny 
 
 John Browne , 
 
 Kiub : frederiex 
 
 bans Oelsen 
 
 Tbo : barwood 
 
 Jurian hertsveder 
 
 Andries Inokhoorm 
 
 Rodger Pedrick 
 
 Cristaen Claassen 
 
 Jacob Clocker '. 
 
 EASTERN SHOURE. 
 
 oele Dircks 
 
 will Bromfield 
 
 Juns Justafs 
 
 Lace Colman 
 
 bans hufman an bis 2 sons.... 
 
 Peter freeman 
 
 moens Junsen 
 
 PouU Corvorn 
 
 136 
 136 Tydables in Upland Juris- 
 diction." 
 
 » A seKeepel, Dutch for bushel, is equal to three peeks, English. 
 
 Dr. Smith estimates the population of Upland County 
 at this time to have been about six hundred, a smaller num- 
 ber than might be looked for from so old a settlemiant. But 
 few of them were English. 
 
 The justices becoming tired" of holding court in a public 
 house, " Capt" Hans Jergen is ordered & desiered by the 
 court to warne his men belonging to his Company, and w* 
 them to fitt up and finish y" house of defence att upland 
 fitt for the court to sitt in, against y" next Court." 
 
 Since the arrival of Penwick, owing to difiScuIties about 
 the ownership of West Jersey, there had been no arrival 
 of settlers for that province until this year, when three ves- 
 sels arrived — the " Kent," the " Willing-Mind," and the 
 fly boat " Martha." These were all well freighted with 
 members of the Society of Friends, the greatest number 
 of whom settled at and near Burlington ; some settled at 
 Salem, and a few found their way to the western side of 
 the river. Among the latter were William Clayton, Mor- 
 gan Drewett, William Woodmancy, and William Oxley, 
 and probably Henry Hastings and other Englishmen, whom 
 we first find settled in the vicinity of Upland about this 
 time. 
 
 The following is from the court records of 1 678 : 
 
 " Jan Cornelissen of Amcsland complayning to y« Court that his 
 son Erick is bereft of his naturall sences & is turned quyt madd and 
 
 y': bee being a pooremanis not abletomaintainehim; ordered: 
 
 that three or 4 p'sons bee hired to build a Little Blockhouse at Ames- 
 land for to put in the s* madman, and att the next Court, order will 
 bee taken y': a small Levy bee Laid to pay for the building of y« 
 house and the maintayning of y^ s^ mad man according to Lawes of 
 ye government." 
 
 Besides the grants for taking up land, which were made 
 by the court and entered on the minutes, there was also a 
 memorandum made of each deed of conveyance from owner 
 to owner. Thus, at a court held June 18 (?), 1678, a 
 deed was acknowledged by Carell Junsen to " Morgan Druit, 
 late of London, mariner," for a part of the land formerly of 
 Hans Hofman, at Marcus Hook ; the deed bearing date 
 the 18th of June. At the same time 
 
 "Jan Hendriksen, of Delowar River, husbandman, apeared in 
 Court, and then and there did aknDwledge a Certnynedeed or Trans- 
 port unto Rodger Pedd'rik, of all his the said Jan hendriksen'a Right, 
 Tytle and Interest of all the Land & appurtenances Lying & being 
 on the West syde of delowar River, called & knowne by the name of 
 marreties hoeck, the whole tract of inarreties hoeck Land being granted 
 and confirmed by Pattent from the Right hono^'^ governor andros, 
 bearing dale the 28«ii of march, 1676, unto the six possessors thereof, 
 viz' : Charles Jansen, Oele Raessen, bans oelsen, oele neelsen, bans 
 hofman and him the s* Jan hendrick, and containing in the whole 
 one thousand acres of Land; w"!" s^ deed was signed, sealed and de- 
 livered by the s^ Jan hendricks in the p'sence of Johannes De haes 
 and Carrell Junsen, and boares date yo 18"> day of June, a" 1678." 
 
 A ship from Hull arrived at Burlington this year. 
 Among the passengers was Thomas Revel, who settled for 
 a time within our limits, and was the clerk of the first 
 court of Chester County. 
 
 On the 3d of April a meeting of the justices was held 
 " at the house of Justice Peter Cock, in y= Schuylkill." 
 The business of this meeting was about the same that is 
 usually performed by county auditors. Sheriff Cantwell 
 appears to have been charged with both the collection and 
 disbursement of the taxes. His allowance " for collecting 
 & receiving y publicq levy, etc.," was eight hundred and 
 
RESIDENCE OP FRANCIS WORTH, EAST BRADFORD. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF SAMUEL WORTH, EAST BRADFORD. 
 
ii'''-"S"''''''"ai'i»''t'*ii"iiii^^^ .«fey)g:Ai 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 17 
 
 eighty-four gilders, being very nearly one-fourth of the 
 whole amount collected ! 
 
 Part of the record of the June court has been lost, but 
 the minutes of the following court show that it was held 
 on the 18th and 19th days of that month. This court re- 
 solved to impose " a levy or small tackx of fyve Gilders p' 
 head on every Tydable p'son," the payment to be made at 
 Tinicum, thus saving the great expense of collecting, that 
 consumed so much of the former levy. The court not 
 having imposed a penalty for non-payment of this " small 
 tax," the justices, upon assembling at their November 
 court, found that their former order had " Layne dorment," 
 and finding themselves " necessiated," issued a new and very 
 rigid order, " that every Tydable within the Jurisdiction 
 of this Court, who have payed their levy Laest yeare, doe 
 w^n the space of 14 days now next Ensuing come and pay 
 Each of them 5 Gilders as formerly, and that they bring y" 
 same unto Tinnecong Ysland in y" hands of M' Otto Ernest 
 Cock; this order to be published and fixed up att the 
 churches of Wicaco and Tinnecong to y° end no p'son may 
 plead Ignorance." 
 
 A jury was impaneled in a case tried at this court, 
 being the first which appears on the records of Upland 
 court, and was doubtless the first jury that was impaneled 
 within the limits of Pennsylvania. Though not necessary 
 under the " Duke's Laws" to have more than six jurors 
 there were twelve impaneled on the jury in question, 
 whose names here follow, viz. : " bans moens, dunk Wil- 
 liams, Xtopher Barnes, Edm: draufcon, Peter Yocum, Isacq 
 Sauoy, Jan hendricks, Jonas Kien, moens Cock, John 
 Browne, Jan Boelsen, henry bastings." It required only 
 a majority of the jurors to bring in a verdict ; but there is 
 nothing to show that they were not unanimous in the 
 present case. The court, however, determined to be judges 
 both of the law and the facts, " suspended" the verdict, and 
 at the next court tried the case themselves, and reversed the 
 decision of the jury. 
 
 March 12, 1678-79, Rodger Pe'ddrik and William 
 Hews, " Joynt partners w*^ y° Rest of y" Inhabitants of 
 marretties hoek," petitioned for a division of the land be- 
 tween all the owners. " The Co" answer that the Petioon" 
 or those who are not sattisfyed w"" y" devision w""" of old 
 hath ben and still is ; may att their proper Costs have y° 
 same new surveiged & sheared." The next day Kodger Ped- 
 drik acknowledged a deed to William Huges for one-half of 
 his land at marretties hoek, and William Clayton received 
 a deed from Hans Oelsen for his share at the same place. 
 
 THE MEST COUET-HOFSE. 
 
 The " House of Defence" appears to have been built on 
 the private property of Neels Laersen. At this court he 
 was ordered " to make or leaue a lane or street from Up- 
 land creeke to y" : house of defense or Country house, or in 
 default to be fined at the discretion of the court." The ap- 
 pellation " Country House," sufficiently indicates the uses to 
 which the " House of Defence" was now appropriated. We 
 have seen that its completion was urged in order that the 
 courts might be held there, and it is probable that it was 
 used as a place for the transaction of public business gen- 
 erally. For whatever other purpose the " House of De- 
 8 
 
 fence" may have been used, it was certainly the first court- 
 house within our limits. 
 
 The attention of the New Castle court was frequently 
 occupied with church disputes and difi^erences. The fol- 
 lowing "is the most remarkable instance of the interference 
 of the Upland court in ecclesiastical afiairs : 
 
 " Nov. 25, 1679, it being Represented to y^ Court by the Church 
 Wardens of Tinnagcong and Wicaco Churches that the fences about 
 y" Church yards, and other Church buildings are mutch out of repair, 
 and that some of the People, members of y^s'' Churches are neglective 
 to make the same Up etc: The Co^' haueing taken y^ premises into 
 Consideracon, doe find itt necessary to order, authorize & Irapower, ' 
 and doe by these pi^sents order, authorize & Impower the Respective 
 members of y" s'^ Churches, from tyme to tyme, and att all tymes 
 when itt shall bee found necessary, to build, make good and keepe in 
 Repair the s^ Church yard fences, as also the Church and other the 
 appurtenances thereof, and if any of the s^ members upon warning 
 doe proove neglective In the doeing of their proportion to the same, 
 They and each of them to forfeit fifty gilders for each such neglect, 
 to bee Levyed out of their goods and Chattels Lands and Tenements." 
 
 A new commission for justices was issued May 28, 1680, 
 by Governor Andres, in which the number was reduced 
 from six to five, two of whom were English. 
 
 As nearly as can be ascertained the places of residence 
 of the justices were as follows: Israel Helm, at Upland; 
 Otto Ernest Cock, at Tinicum ; Henry Jones, at or near 
 Wicaco ; Lawrence Cock, at Moyamensing ; and George 
 Brown, nearly opposite to Trenton. As the Duke of York, 
 about this time, upon the judgment of Sir William Jones, 
 yielded his rights to the government of West Jersey, the 
 jurisdiction of the new justices did not extend to the east' 
 side of the river. They held their first court at Upland on 
 the 8th of June, and among other things ordered a poll tax 
 of one scipple of wheat, or 5 gilders to be levied, " for de- 
 fraying j° charges of this court's sitting,'' to be brought 
 unto Justice Otto Ernest, att Tinnagcong Island. 
 
 The justices also assumed the authority of removing the 
 seat of justice from Upland. They say that 
 
 "In regard that Upland Creeke where ye Court hoitherto has sate, 
 is att y' Lower End of y« County ; The Court therefore, for y° most 
 Ease of y« People, have thought fitt for y^ future to sitt and meet at 
 y^ town of Kingsesse in y^ Schuylkills." 
 
 The first court was held at the new seat of justice on the 
 13th of October. If the increased amount of law business, 
 and the character of a considerable portion of it resulted 
 from the removal of the court, the justices gained but little 
 by the change. Among the cases tried were three for 
 " Slaunder and defamation." 
 
 During the year 1680, William Penn had been perse- 
 veringly but successfully negotiating with King Charles 
 II. and his ministers for a grant of the territory that now 
 constitutes our great commonwealth. The only European 
 settlements comprised within its limits were included in 
 Upland County, and were subject to the jurisdiction of 
 Upland court. Though Lord Baltimore, the proprietor of 
 Maryland, was aware of every step taken by Penn to secure 
 his grant, and, through his agents, interposed objections, it 
 is not probable that the people included within the limits 
 of the embryo province had the faintest idea that they were 
 about to be transferred from the iron rule of the unscru- 
 pulous Duke of York to the mild and peaceful government 
 of the Quaker proprietor. The patent to Penn was exe- 
 
18 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 cuted on the 4th of March, 1681, while the last Upland 
 court, under the Duke of York, adjourned on the 14th of 
 June, " till y'2*' Teusday of y" month of September,"— the 
 very last act of the judges being the appointment of a sur- 
 veyor and overseer of the highways from Poetquessing 
 Creek to the falls of the Delaware (Trenton), the furthest 
 point to which settlements had then been extended. 
 
 Information of the grant to William Penn must have 
 been communicated officially to the government at New 
 York shortly after the adjournment of the last session of the 
 Upland court. Governor Andros being absent, the king's 
 letter on the subject, addressed to the inhabitants within 
 the limits of the grant, was laid before Anthony Brockholl, 
 the commander, and his Council, no doubt, by William 
 Markham, who at the same time submitted his commission 
 from William Penn to be his Deputy Governor of the prov- 
 ince. On the 21st of June the commander and Council ad- 
 dressed a letter " To y" several! Justices of y° Peace, magis- 
 traets and other officers inhabitting w^in y" bounds and 
 limits of the grant to Penn, notifying them of the change 
 in their government, which letter was sent by Col. Mark- 
 ham, who, no doubt, within a few days after the date of the 
 letter, reached his government, and entered upon the duties 
 of his office. This letter is the last entry made in the book 
 containing the record of the Upland court. 
 
 Col. Markham's commission, as published in Hazard's 
 " Annals," bears date the 10th of April, 1681, and it ap- 
 pears to have been laid before the government at New York 
 prior to the 21st of June following. He doubtless pro- 
 ceeded directly to his government, and entered upon the re- 
 sponsible duties with which he had been intrusted. He 
 could have made but little delay, for we find that on the 
 13th of September — the very day to which the old Upland 
 court had adjourned — a newly-organized court for Upland 
 County was sitting and transacting business, composed of 
 justices, sheriff, and clerk, holding their appointments under 
 him, and on the 30th of November the Deputy Governor 
 himself presiding over the same court. 
 
 Governor Markham was the bearer of a letter, dated two 
 days earlier than his commission, from William Penn, " for 
 the inhabitants of Pennsylvania," which he was directed to 
 read. In this letter the proprietor promises his people that 
 they shall be governed by laws of their own making ; that 
 he will not usurp the rights of any, nor oppress his person ; 
 and, in short, that he would heartily comply with whatever 
 sober and free men could reasonably desire for the security 
 and improvement of their own happiness. This letter is in 
 the well-known hand of William Penn. 
 
 The commission to Col. Markham empowers him " to 
 call a Council, and that to consist of nine, he presiding." In 
 pursuance of this authority, he selected for that important 
 trust Robert Wade, Morgan Drewet, Wm. Woodmanson, 
 William Warner, Thomas ffairman, James Sandelandes 
 Will. Clayton, Otto Ernest Koch, and Lacy Cock. Un- 
 fortunately, no part of the record of the doings of this 
 Council has come down to us, except their attestation,* as 
 follows : 
 
 * A facsimile of this attestation is given in tlie recent publication 
 by the State of the "Duke of York's Laws," etc. 
 
 "Whereas wee whose Jiands and Seals are hereuunto sett are 
 Chosen by Wm. Markham (agent to Wm. Penn, Esq'., Proprietor of 
 ye Province of Pensilvania to be of the Councill for y" s* province 
 doe hereby bind ourselves ly our hand and Seales, that wee neither 
 act nor advise, nor Consent, unto any thing that shall not he according 
 to our own Consciences the best for y® true and well Government of the 
 s^ Province, and Likewise to Keep secret all y® votes and acts of us 
 The s^ Councell unless sueh as by the General Consent of us are to be 
 Published. Dated at Upland y^ third day of August, 1681," 
 
 the day on which a government was first established for the 
 province of Pennsylvania. Upland was undoubtedly the 
 seat of that government. 
 
 While the public mind in England, particularly the 
 Quaker element of it, was thus directed to the new province, 
 Governor Markham was administering affairs here very 
 much after the fashion that had heretofore prevailed. He 
 appears to have been indisposed to make any unnecessary 
 innovations on the established order of things. It has 
 already been mentioned that the first court under the new 
 government was held on the day to which the last session 
 of the former court had adjourned. The first session of the 
 new court was not, however, at " the towne of Kingsesse," 
 but at Upland, where, no doubt. Governor Markham had 
 fixed his residence. The record commences thus : 
 
 " Province of Fennsilvania : At the Co''t at Vpland, September 13th, 
 1681— 
 
 m' William Clayton, m' Robert Lucas, 
 
 m' William Warner, m' Lassey Cock, 
 
 m"^ Robert Wade, m' Swan Swanson, 
 
 m^ Otto Ernst Cock, m'" Andreas Bankson, 
 
 m' William Byles, Justices present. 
 
 m' John Test, Sheriffe. 
 
 m' The : Revell, Gierke." 
 
 Of the justices, five are Englishmen and four Swedes, two 
 of whom had been members of the former court. The 
 duke's laws were now inoperative. In pursuance of the 
 Deputy Governor's instructions, all was to be done " accord- 
 ing to the good laws of England." But the new court, 
 during the first year of its existence, failed to comply with 
 these laws in a very essential particular, — persons were put 
 upon trial without the intervention of a grand jury. No 
 provision was made under the duke's laws for this safeguard 
 of the citizen, and the new justices acted for a time in ac- 
 cordance with former usage. A petit jury, so rare under 
 the former court, now participates in every trial where 
 facts are in dispute. In criminal cases the old practice is 
 adhered to of making the prosecutor plaintiff. 
 
 The first case tried was that of 
 
 " Peter Erickson Plaint. ■. Plaint. 
 
 Harmon Johnson & Margarett his wife J Defend''. 
 " An Acodn of Assault & Batt. 
 "Jmora, Morgan Drewitt, Will" Woodmanson, William Hewes, 
 James Browne, Henry Reynolds, Robert Scholey, Richard Pitman, 
 Lassey Dalboe, John Akraman, Peter Rambo, jun'., Henry Hastings, 
 William Oxley. 
 
 " Witneeae, Will™ Parker. 
 
 "The jury fiude for y= Plaint k give him 6^ dam. k his Cost of 
 suit." 
 
 In the next case the same parties are reversed and the 
 same jurors retained. The witnesses were Anna Coleman, 
 Richard Buffington, and Ebenezer Taylor. " The jury 
 finde for y= PI", and give them 40= dam. and their Costs 
 of suite." 
 
 At this first session of the court nine cases were tried 
 
GENEKAL HISTOKY. 
 
 19 
 
 and sixteen withdrawn ; among the latter were two " for dis- 
 obeying the Justice's order." In the last case tried, which 
 was for debt, the verdict was sixty-two gilders, — an evidence 
 of the lasting influence of the ascendency of the Dutch on 
 the river. 
 
 The jurors in attendance appear to have been twenty-six 
 in number, the others beside those given being Richard 
 Noble, Daniel Brenson, Richard Ridgeway, John Wood, 
 Francis Stephenson, Roger Pedrick, Lassey Lawson, John 
 Champion, Samuel Dart, William Clayton, Jr., Thomas 
 Nossiter, Albert Hendrickson, Walter Pumphrey, and 
 Mons Euslason. 
 
 '* Anne Peirce baveing formerly sworne y* Peaoe ag^^ Anne the 
 wife of William Stanford, the said Anne Stanford was by warrant 
 from Wm. Byles &, Robert Lucas, Justices, brought before them, &, 
 bound over to this Co't. And was by the Co't then discharged " 
 
 " Lassey Coek, upon Proclamation in this Co''t, That if any had 
 anything against him, They should declare it: Whereupon, Q^niell 
 Brenson & Charles Brigham upon oath, together with Walter Pum- 
 phrey upon his solemne Attestation, declared what they heard cer- 
 taine Indians speake against him & Cap^. Edmond Cantwell. The 
 said Lassey Cook upon oath declared his Innooency, And that hee had 
 never spoken those words to the Indians, or any of that nature : was 
 thereupon Cleared by the Co't." 
 
 Some of the other names mentioned were William Cobb, 
 John Hazell, Joseph Stabbs, John Grubb, John Boles, 
 John Cornelius, Mrs. Saunderland, Mary Nealson, Carey 
 Nealson, Neales Lawson, and Annakey, his wife. 
 
 Letters of administration were granted by the court to 
 Caspar Fiske on the estate of Eusta Daniell, — security in 
 one hundred pounds, given to Robert Wade and William 
 Clayton. 
 
 At the next court, which was held on the 30th of Novem- 
 ber, Deputy Governor Markham presided, and James Sande- 
 landes and Thomas Fairman, with all those who held the 
 last court, sat as justices, except William Warner, who was 
 ■ absent. But four cases were tried at this court ; one with- 
 drawn, and one continued. 
 
 Three ships sailed from England for Pennsylvania this 
 year ; two from London and one from Bristol. No particu- 
 lars of the arrival of the " John and Sarah," which is said 
 to have arrived first, are given ; but we are informed by 
 Proud that the " Brbtol Factor," Roger Drew commander, 
 " arrived at the place where Chester now stands, on the 
 11th of December, where the passengers, seeing some 
 houses, went on shore at Robert Wade's landing, near the 
 lower side of Chester Creek ; and the river having froze up 
 that night, the passengers remained there all winter." The 
 other ship, the " Amity," " having been blown off to the 
 West Indies, did not arrive until the spring of the next 
 year." 
 
 William Penn sent over as commissioners William Cris- 
 pin, William Haige, John Bezer, and Nathaniel Allen, the 
 first being also surveyor-general, but died before his arrival. 
 The exact date of their arrival is unknown, but Thomas 
 Holme, the successor of -Crispin as surveyor-general, was 
 commissioned April 18, 1682, and arrived about the last 
 of June. 
 
 Though the commissioners appear to have been author- 
 ized to treat with the Indians and purchase their lands, 
 their instructions, dated Sept. 30, 1681, show that their 
 main business was to fix upon the site of and lay out a 
 
 city, — to survey and apportion lands and city lots among 
 the newly-arrived immigrants, who had for the most part 
 made their purchases in England. The following extract 
 from these instructions no doubt gave rise to the tradition 
 that Penn had fixed on Upland, or Chester, as the site of his 
 great city.; 
 
 "That having taken what care you can for the people's good, ia 
 these respects abovesaid, let the rivers and creeks be sounded on 
 my side of Delaware River, especially Upland, in order to settle a 
 great town, and be sure to make your choice where it is most navi- 
 gable, high, dry, and healthy; that is where most ships may best 
 ride, of deepest draught of water, if possible, to load or unload at the 
 bank or keys side without boating and lightening of it. It would do 
 well if the river coming into that creek be navigable, at least for boats 
 up into the country, and that the situation be high, at least dry and 
 sound, and not swampy, which Is best known by digging up two or 
 three earths and seeing the bottom." 
 
 The next court for Upland County was held at Upland 
 on the 14th of March, 1682, which, according to the record, 
 is still within the year 1681. This court was held by the 
 same, or nearly the same justices, Deputy Grovernor Mark- 
 ham presiding. The details of a trial that occurred at this 
 court are given, to illustrate the manner of conducting ju- 
 dicial proceedings in these primitive times : 
 
 ** John Anderson, bound by Recognizance to Appear at this Court 
 to answer our Sovereign Lord the King upon the accusation of 
 Richard Noble, Peter Rambo Jun**, and Lawrence Lawrenson, who 
 were bound over to prosecution. This Court proceeded upon indict- 
 ment; to which the prisoner pleaded not guilty : and put himself upon 
 the tryal &c., of this jury : 
 
 ' George Foreman Gent. 
 John Child 
 Nathaniel Allen 
 Nathaniel Evans 
 William Oxiey 
 John Akraman 
 
 Albert Hendrickson 
 Mons Peterson 
 Wooley Rawson 
 John Cook 
 Erich Cook 
 Peter Yoakham 
 
 " Richard Noble deposed that hee, with several others, found divers 
 peeoes of burnt porke or bacon in the said Anderson's house; and 
 also that hee the said Richard Noble with others found hidden in 
 unfrec[uented places in an out house belonging to the said John An- 
 derson, where, (as an Indian had before then informed them,) the said 
 Anderson used to hide porke; and farther deposed that the said An- 
 derson gave out threatining words against the officers and others who 
 came to search. 
 
 " Peter Rambo Junr., and Lawrence Lawrenson deposed the same 
 as above. Judith Noble deposed that the said Anderson gave out 
 threatning words against the officers who came to search. 
 
 "Francis Walker deposed that a person who bought a peeoe of 
 porke of the said Anderson, told him the said Walker that the said 
 porke had a bullet in it. 
 
 " Francis Stephens deposed that the said Anderson being asked con- 
 cerning a hogg's head, (hee, the said Anderson, having then a head- 
 less hogg,) where the head then was, hee, the said Anderson, answered, 
 hee had left the head down the river; and the said Anderson's boy 
 said nOe, the hogg's head is upon the mill att home. 
 
 " John Hollinshead gave in his evidence before Thomas Budd, a 
 magistrate at Burlington, which was also produced under the hand 
 of the said Thomas Budd, being of the same import with the deposi- 
 tion of the aforesaid Francis Stephens. 
 
 " Thomas Wallace gave in his evidence before the same Thomas 
 Budd, and testified under the hand of the said Thomas Budd, of the 
 same import with the aforesaid Judith Noble's testimony. 
 
 " Another examination of notorious circumstances, of a stranger who 
 lay at the said Anderson's, taken by Mahlon Staoey, a magistrate at 
 the Falls, and signified under his hand. 
 
 " The jury bring in the prisoner not guilty, and thereupon by order 
 of Court, is discharged." 
 
20 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 The following minute of the doings of the same court 
 is a proof that Governor Markham and his Council had 
 placed some restraint upon the sale of strong drink : 
 
 " Ileiiry Reynolds having appeared to answer for his selling strong 
 liquors by small measure in his house contrary to the Governor and 
 Couneel's order : upon his suhmission to the Court, was discharged." 
 
 The first appointment of overseers of highways at this 
 court is thus recorded : 
 
 " Overseers for the High Waycs Nominated & Elected at the CCt 
 March 14"' 1681 ffor one yeare next ensueing : for the Repayring 
 the High Wayea within their Respective P^cinots, which is to be done 
 before the last day of Maye next, ut sequitr : 
 
 WooUey Rawson from Marcus Creeke to Naman's Creeke. 
 
 Robert Wade from Naman's [Marcus] Creeke to Upland Creeke. 
 
 "William Oxley from Upland Creeke to Ammersland. 
 
 Mens Stawkett from Ammersland to Karkus Mill. 
 
 Peter Yokeham from Karkus Mill to Sehore Kill flfalls. 
 
 Andreas Rambo from Sohore Kill {falls to Tawcony Creeke. 
 
 Eriok Mulickay from Tawcony Creeke to Poquessink Creeke. 
 
 Clause Johnson from Poquessink Creek to Samuell Cliffs. 
 
 John Akraman from Sam^ Cliffs to Gilbert Wheeler's." 
 
 Gilbert Wheeler's residence was in the neighborhood 
 of Trenton, which shows the territorial extent of Upland 
 County. The main road that required repairs appears to 
 have crossed the Schuylkill and other streams at or near 
 the head of tide-water. 
 
 "The Grant formerly made from Governor Markham to y= Inhab- 
 it^ants of Markns Hooke att their Request, ffor the calling y" name of 
 y= said Towne Chichester, which said Grant beares date the Twentieth 
 day of Aprill Anno 1682 : And was Read & published in y' Co't 
 held at Upland June y" Thirteenth Anno 1682, according to order as 
 a Record thereof.'' 
 
 At the first court under his government the English 
 currency of pounds, shillings, and pence was introduced ; 
 but at this court there was a return to the old currency of 
 gilders, so difficult is it to change the established customs 
 of a people. One verdict at this court is for six hundred 
 and sixteen gilders, and there are several for a less number. 
 " Skipps of wheat" also occur in the proceedings. 
 
 The next court in order was held on the 12th of Sep- 
 tember, 1682. Governor Markham officiated as president, 
 and was assisted by several of the justices that have been 
 named. 
 
 The first grand jury that ever sat in Pennsylvania of 
 which there is any record was summoned to attend at this 
 court. Their names, as given in the minutes of the court, 
 are William Clayton, Thomas Brassey, John Symcock, 
 Thomas Sary, Robert Wade, Lawrence Cock, John Hart, 
 Nathaniel Allen, William Woodmanson, Thomas Coebourne, 
 John Otter, and Joshua Hastings ; being one-half the 
 usual number. These jurors were summoned in the case 
 of Lassey, alias Lawrence Dalboe, and are called " his 
 grand jury." 
 
 Dr. Edward Jones, with other Welsh purchasers, sailed 
 from Liverpool in the ship " Lyon," John Compton mas- 
 ter, and arrived in the Schuylkill River 13th of 6th month, 
 August, 1682. On the 26th of the month he wrote to his 
 friend, John ap Thomas : 
 
 "This shall lett thee know that we have been aboard eleaven weeks 
 before we made the land (it was not for want of art but contrary 
 winds) and one we were in coming to Upland, j" town is to be 
 buylded 15 or 16 miles up y^ River. ... We are short of our ex- 
 pectation by reason that y= town is not to be builded at Upland, 
 
 neither would y* Master bring us any further, though it is navigable 
 for ships of greater burthen than ours. Y^ name of town lots is 
 called now Wicoco : here is a Crowd of people striving for y® Country 
 land, for y" town lot is not divided, & therefore we are forced to take 
 up yo Country lots." 
 
 The arrival of John Sharpies and family at Upland is 
 set down as the 14th of 6th month, 1682. It is possible 
 they may have come on the vessel above mentioned, as that 
 is the date of its arrival, given hereafter. 
 
 At the court held Nov. 30, 1681, the names of Michael 
 Izard, John Greensell, and Robert White appear. 
 
 March 14, 1681-82, we find John Childe, Nathaniel 
 Evans, Nathaniel Allen., John Grubb, and John Grice. 
 
 June 13, 1682, Thomas Coebourne, Silas Crispin, Jere- 
 miah Collett, William Shoote, Mathias Houlstead, Henry 
 Grubb, Thomas Withers. 
 
 Sept. 12, 1682, Thomas Cross, John Otter, John Har- 
 per, John Hickman, James Kennerly, Nathaniel Lamplugh, 
 Samuel Noyes, Joshua Hastings, John Hastings, Richard 
 Few, John Martin. 
 
 At this last court a case appears in which Nathaniel 
 Evans is plaintiff and John Hickman defendant : 
 
 " Nathaniel Lamplough & Samuell Noyes proves y« declaration : 
 Katharine Winchcome's evidence rejected as a ^tye. Geo : Andreas 
 deposeth. That bee sawe y= Defd' come with ye maid to Vpland in 
 order to her d^liyi^y to yo Plaint. y= 4'" Aug: last, which was within 8 
 dayes after y« agreem'. But by the witnesse owne Testimony makes 
 himself a ^tye & invalids his Evidence." 
 
 An action, John Martin vs. Richard Dymon, was ad- 
 mitted to a reference by request of Thomas Holme, who 
 appeared for the* defendant. Dymon, or Dymond, was 
 master of the " Amity" at a later date, and was now perhaps 
 absent at sea. 
 
 This was the last court held at Upland under that name. 
 
 Dr. Smith says, — 
 
 " The world did not contain a more busy man than William Penn, 
 from the time the charter for Pennsylvania was granted to him until 
 he sailed for America. Besides the documents issued by him, that 
 have already been mentioned, he incorporated a company with extraor- 
 dinary powers and privileges, styled the ' Free Society of Traders;' 
 he published his 'Frame of Government for the province of Penn- 
 sylvania, together with certain laws agreed upon in England by the 
 Governor and divers freemen of the aforesaid Province;' he obtained 
 from the Duke of York a release of any claims he might have to the 
 province of Pennsylvania; and also two deeds of feoffment for the 
 territory now constituting the State of Delaware,* — one being for 
 twelve miles round New Castle, and the other for the balance of the 
 territory below ; he wrote innumerable letters to his friends, and sun- 
 dry epistles to the settlers and the Indians, besides being subjected to 
 various importunities to part with his lands and to confer privileges 
 on terms different from those which he had adopted and published. 
 
 "With his mind thus overtasked with questions of the highest 
 moment, would it not have been wonderful if he had committed no 
 mistakes ? Is it not strange that he committed so few ? We may at 
 this day be startled at some of the privileges granted to ' The Free 
 Society of Traders;' but may we not, with Penn's limited experience 
 with corporations, believe in the sincerity of his assurance, that it 
 was ' a Society without oppression : wherein all may be concerned 
 that will; and yet have the same liberty of private traffique as 
 
 * Although the territory west of the Delaware had been governed 
 by the Duke of York, he at this time held no valid title to any part 
 of it. King Charles II. made a regular conveyance to him of the 
 country comprised within the present territorial limits of the State of 
 Delaware on the 22d of March, 1683 ; the deeds from the duke to 
 Penn for the same country were executed on the 24th of August, 
 1682. See Haa. Reg., i. 429, 430 ; ii. 27. 
 
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 M ^T^-^^fJ"^ 
 
 p^n 
 
 
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 ^^'y 
 
 
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 ><^ ^ 
 
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 ^■^ 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 21 
 
 though there were no Society at all.' Certainly we may concede this 
 much, when it is known that he resisted the ' great temptation' of 
 £6000 and two and a half per cent, acknowledgment or rent for a 
 monopoly of the Indian trade between the Susquehanna and Dela- 
 ware with 30,000 acres of land, the Indian title of which to be extin- 
 guished by the corporation. Penn's ideas of government were greatly 
 in advance of the age in which he lived. The few errors he com- 
 mitted were the result of surrounding circumstances. No friend of 
 humanity can quibble over these, when he reflects upon the mighty 
 impulse that was given to the cause of free government by his many 
 wise and prudent measures. 
 
 " Having completed his arrangements in England, Penn sailed 
 from Deal on the 30th of the Sixth month (then August), on board 
 of the ship * Welcome,' Itobert Greenaway commander, in company 
 with about 100 passengers, mostly members of the Society of Friends, 
 the major part of whom were from Sussex. Great distress was ex- 
 perienced during the^passage, in consequence of the breaking out of 
 the smallpox, of which loathsome disease 30 of the emigrants died. 
 Otherwise the voyage was prosperous, the vessel arriving at New Cas- 
 tle on the 27th of October, 1682. On the next day, Penn having por- 
 dnced his deeds of feoffment from the Duke of York for the twelve 
 miles surrounding New Castle, and also for the country below, the 
 possession and seisin of the New Castle grant were formally given to 
 him by John Moll and Ephraim Herman, who had been constituted 
 attorneys for that purpose by his Royal Highness. At the same time 
 a number of the inhabitants signed a pledge of their obedience to the 
 proprietary. On the same day he commissioned justices for New 
 Castle, and constituted Markham his attorney to receive the possession 
 of the territory below from the attorneys of the duke. 
 
 " A letter addressed to Ephraim Herman in respect to summoning 
 a court to be held at New Castle on the 2d of November, and dated 
 at Upland on the 29th of October, shows that he had then arrived at 
 his seat of government. He may have arrived the day before. The 
 fancy of the artist has portrayed the landing of Penn at Upland; but 
 neither the hour, the day, nor the manner of his landing is certainly 
 known. 
 
 *' He landed at Upland, but the place was to bear that familiar 
 name no more forever. Without reflection, Penn determined that 
 the name of this place should be changed. Turning round to his 
 friend Pearson, one of his own society, who had accompanied him in 
 the ship ' Welcome,' he said, ' Providence has brought us here safe. 
 Thou hast been the companion of my perils. What wilt thou that I 
 should call this place ?' Pearson said ' Chester,' in remembrance of 
 the eity from whence he came. William Penn replied that it should 
 he called Chester, and that when he divided the land into counties, 
 one of them should be called by the same name.' Thus from a mere 
 whim the name of the oldest town ; the name of the whole settled 
 part of the province; the name that would naturally have a place in 
 the afiections of a large majority of the inhabitants of the new prov- 
 ince, was effaced to gratify the caprice or vanity of a friend. All 
 great men occasionally do little things." 
 
 Immediately after Penn's arrival he dispatched messen- 
 gers to Lord Baltimore, evidently for the purpose of pro- 
 curing an interview and a settlement of their difficulties. 
 He at the same time went to New York to " pay his duty" 
 to the duke hy way of a visit to his government. Upon 
 his return he caused three counties to be laid off, — Chester, 
 Philadelphia, and Bucks. This is said, upon what au- 
 thority we know not, to have been done Nov. 25, 1682. 
 
 PASSENGERS ON THE "WELCOME." 
 
 No full record of those who accompanied Penn on the 
 " Welcome" seems to have been preserved, but Edward 
 Armstrong, Esq., several years ago prepared from various 
 sources a tolerably complete list, which is here given. It 
 is likely that, including children, the number was over one 
 hundred : 
 
 " The captain of the ' Welcome' was Robert Greenaway. He died 
 April 14, 1685. 
 
 " The passengers were : 
 
 "John Barber and Elizabeth, his wife, a daughter of John Song- 
 hurst, of Shipley, county of Sussex, England. A 'first purchaser.' 
 He is supposed to have died on the voyage. 
 
 "William Bradford, of Leicester, England, the earliest printer of 
 the province. Among his earliest publications was an almanac, 
 printed in Philadelphia, the title-page of which was as follows : ' An 
 Almanack for the year of the Christian Account, 1687, by Daniel 
 Leeds, Student in Agriculture ; printed and sold by Willliam Brad- 
 ford, pro anno, 1687.' He subsequently removed to New York, and 
 established The New York Gazette, the first newspaper published in 
 that city. He passed an active and useful life, and died in 1752, aged 
 89 years. His descendants have been numerous, and many of them 
 have occupied highly respectable and influential positions in society. 
 
 " William Buckman, Mary, his wife, and children, Sarah and Mary, 
 of the parish of Billinghurst, Sussex. 
 
 "John Carver and Mary, his wife, of Hertfordshire. He suffered, 
 in 1681, in the persecutions of the Quakers in England; was a 'first 
 purcha'ser' ; died in 1714. 
 
 " Benjamin Chambers was sheriff of Philadelphia in 1683, the year 
 after his arrival, and his name frequently appears as a participant in 
 public affairs. 
 
 " Thomas Croasdale and Agnes, his wife, and six children, of York- 
 shire. 
 
 "Ellen Cowgill and 'family.' 
 
 "John Fisher, Margaret, his wife, and son John. 
 
 "Thomas Fitzwater and wife Mary, and children, Thomas, George, 
 Josiah, and Mary. His wife and children, Josiah and Mary, died on 
 the passage. He settled in Bucks County, and was a member of the 
 Assembly in 1683; a valuable citizen, and eminent member in the So- 
 ciety of Friends. He died 6th October, 1699. 
 
 "Thomas Gillett. 
 
 " Bartholomew Green. 
 
 "Nathaniel Harrison. 
 
 "Cuthbert Hay hurst, his wife and family. He suffered in England 
 on account of his religious principles. He was from Yorkshire, and 
 a ' first purchaser.' 
 
 " Thomas Heriott, of Hurst-Pier-Point, Sussex, suffered in England 
 on account of his religious principles; was a 'first purchaser.' He is 
 supposed to have died on the voyage. 
 
 " John Key. 
 
 " Richard Ingels, was clerk of the Provincial Council in 1685. 
 
 " Isaac Ingram, of Gatton, Surry, suffered in England on account of 
 his religious principles. He is supposed to have died on the voyage. 
 
 " Thomas Jones. 
 
 " Giles Knight, Mary, his wife, and son Joseph, of Gloucestershire. 
 They settled in Bucks County. 
 
 " William Lusbington. 
 
 " Jeane Matthews. 
 
 " Hannah Mogdridge. 
 
 " Joshua Morris. 
 
 " David Ogden, probably from London. 
 
 " Evan Oliver, with Jean, his wife, and children, David, Elizabeth, 
 John, Hannah, Mary, Evan, and Seaborn, of Radnorshire, Wales. 
 The last named was a daughter, born at sea, almost within sight of 
 the Capes of Delaware. 
 
 " Pearson. It was at his suggestion that the name of Up- 
 land was changed to Chester. His first name is supposed to have 
 been liohert. 
 
 " Dennis Rochford, of the county of Wexford, Ireland, and wife 
 Mary, daughter of John Heriott, and daughters Grace and Mary. 
 Both of the latter died at sea. 
 
 " John Rowland and Priscilla, his wife, of Billinghurst, Sussex. 
 He was a ' first purchaser.' 
 
 " Thomas Rowland, of the same place, also a 'first purchaser.' 
 
 " William Smith. 
 
 " J ohn Songhurst, of Sussex. He was a member of the first As- 
 sembly, a writer in defense of the Quakers, and an eminent minister 
 in his society. 
 
 " John Stackhouse and Margery, his wife, of Yorkshire. 
 
 " George Thompson. 
 
 " Richard Townsend, wife Anne, daughter Hannah, and son James, 
 who was born on board the ' Welcome' in Delaware River; an eminent 
 minister in the Society of Friends. 
 
 " William Wade, of the parish of Hankton, Sussex ; probably died 
 on the voyage. 
 
22 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 "Thomas Walmesly, Elizabeth, his wife, and sons Thomas and 
 Henry, a daughter, and three other children. He was from Yorkshire. 
 
 " Nicholas Wain, wife, and three children, of Yorltshire. He was 
 prominent in the early history of the province ; a ' first purchaser.' 
 
 "Joseph Woodroofe. 
 
 " Thomas Wrightsworth and wife, from Yorkshire. 
 
 "Thomas Wynne, of Flintshire, Wales. He was speaker of the 
 two first Assemblies held in Philadelphia. He wrote several tracts in 
 defense of the Society of Friends, and the historian Proud says he 
 was 'a person of note and character.' Chestnut Street, in Philadel- 
 phia, is said to have been originally named after him." 
 
 AEKIVALS BETWEEN 1682 AND 1688. 
 
 A partial registry of arrivals was made between the 
 years 1682 and 1688, but for what reason is not very 
 clear. That it was not made at the time of the arrivals is 
 evident from the irregularity of dates and some inaccuracies 
 therein. Many of those who came as servants were bound 
 to serve a certain length of time after their arrival, and it was 
 doubtless on account of these that a record was made, but 
 many others are also given. An impression prevails with 
 some persons that all the early immigrants were registered, 
 but that was not the case, on this side of the water at least ; 
 but it need not be remarked how valuable such a record 
 would now be. The original of the list here given is in 
 possession of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, together 
 with another made especially for Bucks County, which 
 contains some additional names. It is quite possible there 
 was one for Chester County, but no such document has 
 been referred to in late years. Many of those in the fol- 
 lowing list settled in Chester County. 
 
 10, 9, 1682. " The Antelope" of Bellfast arrived here from Ireland. 
 James Attkinsou arrived here and Jn° Ashbrook, his servant. 
 
 9, 20, 1682. "The Morning Starr," Thomas Hayes, mast', arrived 
 from Liverpool (about this time). 
 
 Henry Atherly, shoomaker, a freeman. 
 
 9 mo 1683. William Morgan and Elizabeth his wife, both free, 
 arrived at Philadelphia in the same ship from Liverpool. 
 
 1, 20, 1686. "The Jeffries," Thomas Arnold M'., from London. 
 
 Johannes Cassel, a German; his children, Arnold, Peter, Elizabeth, 
 Mary, Sarah. 
 
 Sarah Shoemaker of the Palatinate, widow; George 23 years old, 
 Abraham, 19, Barbary, 20, Isaac, 17, Susanna, 13, Elizabeth, 11, Ben- 
 jamin, 10, — all her children. 
 
 Joseph Eansted, Gardner, from London. 
 
 11, 28, 1687. " The Margaret" from London, John Bowman, Com- 
 ander. 
 
 Pasco Belite, servant to John Tizacke, bound at London for four 
 years next ensuing his arrival in this province & registr* in the now 
 oiBce in London erected by Letters patent for that purpose. 
 
 John Colly, late of Saviour, Southwark in Old England, fellmaker, 
 came in the " Eliz : & Mary," John Bowman M'., arrived here j= 22 
 
 fmo 1683. 
 
 Fran Resell late of Maxfield in Cheshire, in Old England, millin', 
 came in the "EndeavV of London, Geo. Thorp M'., arrived here the 
 29, 7 mo. 1683. 
 
 Michael Resell, late of the same place, husbandman, came in the 
 said vessell. 
 
 The : Janeway ( Janney) & Margaret his wife, late of Pownell in 
 Cheshire, husbandman: children, Jacob, Thomas, Abel & Joseph 
 Janeway : servants, John Neild, Hannah ffalkn' . 
 
 Jos. Milnf & Ann his mother, late of Poonnell, blacksmith : chil- 
 dren Sarah and Ralph Miln'. 
 
 Ralph Miln' & Raohell his wife, late of ditto, carpenf, came in 
 ditto vessell : child Robert. 
 
 Tho : Pierson & Marg' his wife, late of ditto, mason. 
 
 John his Brother & Mary Smith his sister, all of the same place, 
 came in ditto vessell. 
 
 John Niokson & Margery his wife, late of Powell in Cheshire, hus- 
 bandman, came in ditto vessell: children John, Thomas, James, Ne- 
 hemiah, Joseph, & Shedrick Niokson : servant James Whitak'. 
 
 Mary, Jane, Margery & Elizabeth Nickson (children). 
 
 John Clous <t Margery his wife, late of Gosworth in Cheshire, hus- 
 bandman, eame in ditto shipp : children, Wm, Margery & Rebeckah 
 Clous : servants — Jos : Charley, John Richardson, Sam : Hongh. 
 
 Richard Hough, late of Maxfield in Cheshire, husbandman : ser- 
 vants — ffran : Hongh, Jam : Sutton, Tho : Woodhouse, Mary Wood- 
 house. 
 
 Fran : Stanfield & Graas his wife, late of Garton in Cheshire, Hus- 
 bandman, in ditto shipp : children. Jam : Mary, Sarah, Eliz: Gras & 
 Hannah Stanfield: servants — Dan: Browne, Tho: Marsey; Isa: 
 Brookesby, Rob. SidBotham, John Smith, Rob' Bryan, Wm. Redway, 
 Tho : Sidbotham. 
 
 John Haddock, Joyni^ 
 
 Richard Clous, Joyn' > 
 
 John Clous, shoemaker. 
 
 Char : Kilbeck, Glover — all of Nantwitch in Cheshire, eame in ditto 
 shipp. 
 
 Geo : Philipps & Ralph Duckard, servants to Henry Maddock. 
 
 Daniell Sutton, Taylor. 
 
 John Preson', blacksmith — both of Maxfield in Cheshire, came in 
 ditto shipp. 
 
 & Jo : Charlesworth, Tan', of the same place. 
 
 John Oudfield, Taylo' of the same place in ditto ship. 
 
 John Howell & Mary his wife, late of Budworth in Cheshire, Hus- 
 bandman, came in ditto vessell, and Hannah his daught'. 
 
 Mary Taylor, late of Clatterwitch in Cheshire, came in ditto shipp : 
 children, Isaack, Tho : Jona : Pheb : Mary & Martha Taylor. 
 
 Anne Robothan, serv' to the M' of the s* Eetch. 
 
 Leonard Aratts & Agniscan his wife, late of Cresset [?] near Rot- 
 terdam, in Holland, came in the of Lend. W°^ Jeffries, com**' ; 
 
 arrived here the 6 of 8 mo. 1683. 
 
 Leonard Teison, his Brother, a freeman. 
 
 James Claypoole, merchant & Helenah his wife, with 7 children and 
 5 servants, viz., Hugh Masland and his wife, to serve 4 years, Sissilla 
 Wooley, 4 year and Edward Cole Jun' to serve 7 year. 
 
 The " Providence" of Scarbrough, Rob' Hopper M' (arrived 10th 
 of 9 mo. 1683). 
 
 Joshua Hoopes and Isabell his wife, late of Cleveland in YorksV, 
 husbandman, came in ditto shipp : children, Dan : Marg : and Chris- 
 tian Hoopes, 
 
 John Palmer & Christian his wife, late of ditto place, came in ditto 
 ship. 
 
 William Preeson, M' of the "Vine" of Liverpoole arrived the 17th 
 day of the 7 mo. 1684 At Philadelphia, from Doly Serre near dolgules 
 in Merionethshire. 
 
 Robert Owen, Jeane his wife and Lewis their sone; one serv' Boy 
 named Edward Edwards, for 8 years, & 4 serv' maids, named Lowry 
 Edwards, for 4 yrs., Margaret Edwards, for 4 yrs., Ann Owen, for 12 
 years, and Hannah Watt for 3 yrs. 
 
 From Denbyshire David Davis A Katherine his sister A Mary Tidey 
 her daughter and one serv' man named Charles Hues, for 3 years. 
 
 From Macohinleth in Montgomeryshire, Hugh Harris & Daniell 
 Harris. 
 
 John Richards & Susan his wife and their daughters Hannah A 
 Bridget, and one servant named Susan Griffith, for 8 years. 
 
 Margaret the wife of Alexander Edwards and her daughters Mar- 
 garet lit Martha, and 2 sones, Alexander & Tho. 
 
 From Radnorshire — 
 
 Rees Prees & his wife, Ann, & their daughters Mary Sarah and 
 Phebe, and two sones Rich : & John. 
 
 Jane Evans, widdow, and her 4 daughters, Sarah, Mary, Alice and 
 Eliza : and one sone named Joseph. 
 
 From Merionethshire — 
 
 Rees Jones & his wife Hannah and their sones Rich : & Evan and 
 one Daughter named Lowry. 
 
 From Carmarthenshire — 
 
 Ane Jones and her daughter Ane Jones. 
 
 From Shropshire — Riohard Turner & Margaret his wife & Rebecca 
 their daughter. 
 
 From Presooe in Lancashire — Griffith Owen & his wife, Sarah and 
 their sone Rob' & 2 daughters, Sarah and Elinor & 7 servants named 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 23 
 
 Tho. Armes, John Ball, 4 years, Robert Lort for 8 years, Alexander 
 Edwards, Jeane, Brldgett & Eliza : Watts, 3 years. 
 
 From Walton in Lancashire — 
 
 Henry Baker & Margaret his wife & their daughters Rachell, Re- 
 becca, Phebey & Hester, and Nathan & Samuel their isones: Mary 
 Beoket & lOserv'* named John Siddell for 4 four y ears, Hen. Siddell, 4 
 years, James Yates, 5 years, Jo" Hurst, 4 years, Tho : Fisher, 4 years, 
 John Stedman, 4 years, Tho: Candy (Can by) for, Joseph fferror, 4 
 years, Deborah Boothe, 4 years, Joshua Lort 4 years. 
 
 From Lancashire— W" Hatton & Eliza: his wife, Rebecca, Martha 
 & Elinor Hall ; their servants — Tho. Harrison for 2 yeares, John 
 Cowp, for 4 yeares, Lawrnnce Parker for 5 yeares, Katherine Owen for 
 4 yeares, Mary Hall for 8 years. Eliz : Stedman, Sarah & Judeth 
 Buller, her daughter, Jos ; Stedman, her son : Rebecca Barrow. 
 
 The ship " Providence" from Old England, Cap' Robert Hopper, 
 Comander, Arived here in Deleware River the 29th of the 7th month, 
 1682. 
 
 William Carter. 
 
 John Lash. 
 
 The Ship called the " Bristol Comfort" from Old England, John 
 Read Master, arrived here in Delaware River the 28th of the 7* month, 
 1683, & in the same came Alexander Beardsley & Margaret his wife 
 & his daughter Mary : the said Alexander is 6, Glover & he came 
 from Worcester. 
 
 Tho : Bowater out of Worstershlre, servant to ffranois fiincher out 
 of Woster city. Glover, for three years ; they came in the ship afore- 
 said. 
 
 Richard Hillyard and Mary his wife and Rich ; and Philip his sons, 
 and John Witt his servant. 
 
 Christianus Lewis late of Dudley in Worstershlre in Old England, 
 schoolmaster, came in the " Comfort" of Bristol, Capt. Reed; arrived 
 here the 1,8 mo. 1683. 
 
 Geo. PainU^ and Ellinor his wife, late of Haverford West in Pem- 
 brokeshire, in South Wales, Husbandman, came in y« " Unicorne" of 
 Bristow, Tho : Cooper M''. ; arrived here y" 31, 8 mo. 1683 : children, 
 
 Susan and Geo : Paint^ : serv'^ Lewis 4 years — Cloathes 2 yeares 
 
 & wages y= last two years ; Jannet TJmphries, 4 years. 
 
 Dennis Rochford, son of William Rochford, who was Born in Ems- 
 torfey in the county of Wexford in Ireland aboute the yeare '47 ; 
 And through the goodness and mercy of the Lord was convinced of 
 god's blessed truth Aboute the yeare '62 : went into England and 
 Landed in Whitehaven in Cumberland the 30th of the 3d month, 
 1675 ; dwelt in Brighthelmston in Sussex 3 years & kept a grocer's 
 shop, and came into the province of Pennsilvania with Mary his wife, 
 Daughter of John Heriott, of the parish of hostper poynt in Sussex 
 in Old England (she was Born on the 14th of the 3d month '52,) in 
 the ship called the " Welcom," Robert Greenaway comander, with 
 two servants, Tho : Jones & Jeane Mathews : the said Dennis' two 
 -daughters, Grace and Mary Rochford, dyed upon the seas in the said 
 ship J Grace being above 3 years old and Mary being 6 months old: 
 the said Dennis Rochford Landed w"" his family in Pennsilvania about 
 the 24th day of the 8th month 1682. Mary Rochford the second 
 daughter of Dennis A Mary Rochford was born in the Province of 
 Pennsilvania at Egely poynt, in the county of Philadelphia, the 22th 
 of the 8th mo. 1683, between 10 & 11 at night, she being the second 
 daughter of that name. [The " Welcome" did not arrive so early as 
 here mentioned by a few days.] 
 
 Robert Turner, late of Dublin, in Ireland, merch', came in y= 
 " Lion" of Leverpool, John Crumpton M'; arrived here the 14, 8 mo. 
 1683 : child Martha : servants, Rob' Threwecks, 4 yrs., Henry Farnice, 
 4, Rob' Selford, 4, Ben Acton, 4, John Beeves, 4, Rob' Hambidge, 4, 
 Richard Curtis, 4, John Furnace, 4, Dan : Furnace, 9, Rob' Threwecks, 
 13, Lemuel Bra4shaw, 4, Rob' Loyd, 4, W"° Long, 4, Hen : Hollings- 
 worth, 2, Aiolce Cales, 4, Kath. Furnace, 6, Jos : Furnace, 4. 
 
 Joseph Fisher & Elizabeth Fisher his wife, late of Stilorgin near 
 Dublin, in Ireland, yeoman, borne in Elton in Cheshire, came in ditto 
 ship : children Moses, Joseph, Mary, Martha Fisher : servants, Ed- 
 ward Lanoasf, 4 yrs, W™ Robertson, 4, Ed : Doyle, 4, Ben : Clift, 4, 
 Tho : Tearewood, 4, Rob. Kilearth, 8, Pet' Long, 2, Phill : Packer, 4, 
 W™ Conduit, 4, Mary Toole, 4, Eliz Johnson, 4. 
 Mary Calvert, late of Dublin, came in ditto ship. 
 The "Rebecca" of Liverpoole, James Skinner commander, Arived 
 at Philadelphia the 31th of the 8th month, 1685. 
 The passengers names are as foUoweth, &o. -. 
 
 John Cutler, Edmond Cutler, Issabell Cutler, Elizabeth Cutler, 
 Thomas Cutler, William Cutler, freemen, from Rutland in Yorkshire. 
 
 Richard Mather, Cornelius Netherwood, James Myriall, William 
 Wardle, James Molenex, Eliz: Wingreene, servants to John Cutler. 
 
 Thomas Bates, a freeman. 
 
 James Ratclife, Mary Ratclife, Richard Ratclife, Edward Ratclife, 
 Rebecca Ratclife, Rachell Ratclife, free persons from Monsebury in 
 Lancashire. 
 
 James Heyworth, Robert Hewit, James Rothwell, servants to the 
 said Ratclife. 
 
 Richard Gureton <jk Margaret, his wife, William Cureton, his sone, 
 Jane Cureton his Daughter, free persons. 
 
 James Holgate, Ann Dugdale, servants to the said Cureton. 
 
 Mathew Holdgate &, Mary his daughter, free persons. 
 
 John Lathum, Ann Lathum, his wife, John Jennings, his wife's 
 son, John Lathum, bis son, Aron Lathum, his sone, Moses Lathum, 
 his sone, Ann Lathum his Daughf, free persons. 
 
 James Sooles, John Scoles, Hester Rothwell, free persons. 
 
 The "Bristoll Merchant," John Stephens comander, arived here 
 the 10th of the 9th month, 1685. The passengers names are as fol- 
 loweth, viz' : 
 
 Jasper Farmer, senior, his family — 
 
 Mary Farmer, widow. Edward Farmer, Edward Batsford, Sarah 
 Farmer, John Farmer, Robert Farmer, Katherine Farmer, Charles 
 Farmer. 
 
 Jasper Farmer, Junior's, family, — Thomas Farmer, Katherine 
 Farmer, widow, Elizabeth Farmer, Katherine Farmer, Junior. 
 
 Their servants are as followeth : 
 
 Joane Daly, Philip Mayow and Helen, his wife, John Mayow, John 
 Whitloe, Nicholas Whitloe, Thomas Young & his wife, William 
 Winter, George Fisher, Arthur Smith, Thomas Alferry, Henry Wells, 
 Robert Wilkison, Elizabeth Mayow, Martha Mayow, Sarah Binke, 
 Sbele Ocevan, Andrew Walbridge, all from Ireland. 
 
 Thomas Webb & Daniel Webb his son. 
 
 Thomas Webb's servants are as followeth : 
 
 John Beltshire, John Robinson, Richard fFord, James Banbury, 
 Thomas Case, Henry fford, John ffox, Derby Haley, Joseph Case, 
 Thomas Burke, John Garrell, John Mehone, David Quinn, Mary 
 Widdam, Prudence Stuart, Katherine Robinson, Richard Muske, 
 
 Nicholas Scull : his servants — Samuel Hall, Cornelius Davye, George 
 Gooding, Miles Morin, Daniell Morin, John Ward, Mary Cantwell. 
 
 Thomas Carter's family — Thomas Carter, senior, Frances, his wife, 
 Thomas, his sonn, Henry, his sonn, John, his sonn, Ann, his daughter. 
 
 Jonathan Thatcher. 
 
 Arrived here the 29th of the 7th month 1682, the ship called the 
 "Elizabeth Anne A Catherine," from Old England, Thomas Hudson 
 commander. 
 
 Robert Kent, serv'. to Philip Orford. 
 
 Arrived here the 6th of the 6th month 1685, the ship "Charles," 
 from London, Edmond Pane commander. 
 
 John Marlton, serv' to Robert Kent. — 
 
 The " ffrancis & Dorothy," from London, Richard Bridgeman com- 
 mander. Arrived at Philadelphia the 12th of the 8th month, 1685. 
 The passengers names are as followeth : 
 
 Isaac Sheepheard and Gertrude his wife and Margaret his daughter. 
 
 John Peter Umstat and Barbara his wife, John his sonn, Mar- 
 garet and Eave his daughters. 
 
 Garret Hendrix and Mary his wife and Sarah his daughter. 
 Henry Fry, his servant. 
 
 Peter Shoomaker and Peter, his sonn, Mary his daughter & Sarah 
 his cosen ; Frances and Gertrude, his Daughters. 
 
 Henry Pookeholes and Mary his wife. 
 
 Aron Wonderly. 
 
 John Saxby and Elizabeth bis wife and John, Thomas, Elizabeth, 
 Lucy and Ester his children. 
 
 The " Vnicorne" from Bristoll arrived here the 16th of the 10th 
 month, 1685 ; Thomas Cooper commander. The passengers names are 
 as followeth : 
 
 Daniell Flower, Mary Bradwell, Mary Bradwell, Jr., Sarah Brad- 
 well, Thomas Mixon, Tho: Mixon, Jun'., Philip Doling, Mary Town- 
 send, Hannah Smith, Tho : Martin, Margery Martin, Mary Martin, 
 Sarah Martin, Hannah Martin, Rachel Martin, Tho : Hopes, John 
 Hopes, Moses Mendinhall, Godden Walter, Joshua Chart, Sam : Chart, 
 Jane Chart, Jane Chart, Jun'., John Roberts, Joseph Morgan, Ben- 
 
24 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 jamin Morgan, Tho : Tushin, Anne Morgan, Faith Wotten, Eliz : 
 Philpot, Henry Laking, Sarah Laking, Susanna Laking, Moses Lak- 
 ing, John Ironmonger. 
 
 The Ship " the Desire," from Plymouth in Old England, Arived 
 here the 23th of June, 1686, James Cock comander. 
 
 Francis Rawle, sen., Francis Rawle, Jun'.; his servants are — Thomas 
 Janveries, ah January, Francis Jervice, John Marshall, Samuel Een- 
 nell, Isaac Gamier, Elizabeth Saries. 
 
 Richard Grove : his servants are — David Saranplane, David Beni- 
 foye. 
 
 Nicholas Pearce : his servants are — Richard Weymouth, John Fox. 
 
 James Fox & Elizabeth his wife : children, George Jame, Elizabeth 
 & Sarah : servants, Richard Fox, Stephen Nowell, Christopher Lobb, 
 Richard Davis, Kathaniell Christopherj Abraham Rowc, Mary Lucas, 
 Sarah Jefferies. 
 
 John Shelson & Naomie, his wife ; his servants are — John Hart, 
 John Cooker, Justinian Pox, Mary Welsh. 
 
 James Shaddock & Jeane his wife ; servants — Jacob Coffin, Eliz : 
 Gibes. 
 
 John Holme : his servants are — -William Hayes, 5 yeares, Richard 
 Bestitraser, 9 years, George Gwinop, 6 years from the arrival of the 
 ** Desire" afores^. 
 
 The " America," Joseph Wasey M'., from London, arrived 20, 6 
 mo. 1683. 
 
 Jacob Shoemaker, born in y*^ Palatinate, in Germany, servant to 
 Daniel Pastorius & comp». Joshua Tittery, servant to y* Society, 
 broad glass-maker, from New Castle upon Tine, to serve four years at 
 88 ft ^ ann. 
 
 The " Welcome," Rob. Greenway, mast', from London, arrived at 
 Upland about end of ye 8th month, 1682. 
 
 Richard Townsend, carpenter, servant to y' Society [of Traders] for 
 5 years, — to have 50 ft ^ ann. salary : Anne Townsend, his wife, & 
 Hannah their Daughter : W" Smith & Nathan Harrison, Berthol 
 Green, his servants for 7 years. 
 
 The ship " Delaware," From Bristoll in Old England, John Moore 
 commander, Arivede here the 11th of the 5 month 1686 ; 
 
 Thomas Greene, husbandman, Margaret, his wife ; Thomas & John, 
 their sons; Mary Guest, his servant for 7 years to come from the third 
 day of May, 1686. 
 
 Richard Moore, Brickmaker & Mary his wife, and children, Mary 
 <St John. 
 
 Sarah Searle his servant for 4 yeares to come from the 3rd of May 
 1686. 
 
 Henry Guest, sawyer, and Mary his wife, A Henry his sone. 
 
 The " Amity," Richard Dymond Masf, from London, arrived in 
 Pennsylvania the 15th 5 month 1686. 
 
 David Lloyd, borne in the year 1656 in y^ Parish of Manavan, in 
 ye county of Montgomery, in North Wales : Sarah Lloyd, hia wife, 
 borne in y= year 1667 [?] at Cirensister in Glocestershire, in England. 
 
 Christopher Sibthorp and Barbara, his wife, of London, Brasier: 
 Tho : Poppitt and Barbara Poppitt, the children of Christopher Sib- 
 thorp's wife, Barbary, and W™ Pike, their servant, bound in London 
 for 7 year, and had about i year to serve when they arrived here, w"'' 
 was in ship above written, ye 23, 3 mo. 1685. 
 
 The two following documents have probably never been 
 published : 
 
 " Phillidellfia ye 22"' of ye O"" m». 1682. 
 
 Loveing freind Rafe Smith my love to thee I would dealer thee Two 
 send me sex Cuple of wheat & 2 of Ingen Corn 2 of rey if thee Canst 
 Convenently and doe me that Cindnes as to send it tow mill When thee 
 goest againe and leve it at philladelfie ye next house tow thomas fil- 
 lips above ye blue anker and I will pay Thee in goods or mony and 
 send me word whether thee canst or Not and if i shall send sacks and 
 soe we remembring oure loves to thee I rest thy frind 
 
 Sarah er 
 [Indorsed] This for Reafe Smith at 
 
 Vpland ye govenors 
 
 Stuerd • 
 
 with care" 
 
 " Ralf I have bin at Agustana harmans at boheamey River with 
 the governor and he sent me back to doe the bisncs in this River now 
 John Cann wants a peeoe of blew dufells Capten Markam hath agreed 
 
 he says for Corn which I shall Eeoeve therefor let me desier thee to 
 send it and send the yatt with al the speed as may be to new Casell if 
 I am not at John Cans send him to Salem and in so doing the wilt 
 obledg thy frind Edward Warner this 10 of the 10 mo 82 
 
 [Directed] "for Ralf Smith at the guvrenors ware hous at Vp - 
 land." 
 
 The record of the first court held after the proprietary's 
 arrival reads thus : 
 
 " At the Cct held at Chester for the County of Chester tfebr : 14th 
 1682 & adjourned unto ye 27th of ye same moneth. 
 John Simcock, P'sident 
 Tho. Brasy 
 
 William Clayton }• Justices 
 
 ■ Rob» Wade 
 
 Tho : Revell, Clerke 
 Joshua Hastings 
 Will™ Woodmanson 
 Tho. Colborne 
 Albert Hendrickson 
 Joseph Richards 
 Edward Carter 
 
 Jury 
 
 John Bezer 
 Thomas Vsher, Sheriffe. 
 
 William Rawson 
 James Browne 
 Jeremiah Collett 
 William Hewes 
 Walter Martin 
 Nath,: Evana 
 John Martin, Plaint. "1 ye Aoc8n called & 
 Rich* Dymon, Def* > ye Deft appeares not 
 
 accSn Case J & deferred. 
 
 Jacobus ffabrushes Plaint "j neither Plaint. 
 Peter Erickson Deft^ V nor Deft appeare. 
 
 an Aoc6n Case J Continued. 
 
 "George Thompson appeared at ye CoH & none appeareing agains 
 him was Cleared by ^clamation. Lawrence Carolus, for marrying ye 
 aboves* Geo : Thompson & one Merriam Short, Contrary to the Lawes 
 of ye Province, according to his wan' appeared this Co't, was deferred 
 untill ye next sitting of ye Co't, & ye said Lawrence, upon Ja : Saund'- 
 lands Engageing in Co't for his appeareance then; ye said Lawrence 
 at that tyme dismissed. 
 
 " At the same Co't by Adjournm' untill ye afores"! 27"' ffebr. 1682. 
 "^Michael Izard against John Johnson — Izard renewed his Exe- 
 cution. 
 
 "John Hazell had BxecucSn ags' John Champion in 2 Actions 
 brought at ye Cort held Sep' 12"i 1682." 
 
 After two other cases were disposed of, that of Martin 
 vs. Dymon was tried with the jury above named. Joseph 
 Willard testified as to conversation with the " Boatswayne 
 belonging to y= said Richard Dymon's ship," respecting 
 the goods of John Martin, which he believed the latter 
 never received. Joshua Hastings made a similar state- 
 ment, and the jury awarded the plaintiff twelve pounds- 
 damages and costs. 
 
 "Thomas Vsher (Sheriffe) by order of Cort, administers on ye goods 
 Ac of Canonwell Brittin, deceased. Intestate, & is to dispose thereof 
 according aa ye Co't shall appoint." 
 
 " Lawrence Carolus, called & appeares not & by Ja: Saund'land 
 Engagemt to appeare next Co't." 
 
 " George Strode ve. Willm Cloud ; Continued." 
 
 " Henry Reynolds vs. Rob" Eyres : Rests." 
 
 At this court no Swede appears among the justices, and 
 but two as jurors. They may have been excluded to some 
 extent by the naturalization law, passed Dec. 7, 1682, 
 which required all " Strangers & Forreigners y' now do in- 
 habit this Province" to declare their allegiance within 
 three months in order to be considered " Freemen." As 
 to justices, however, the new commission may not have 
 included many Swedes. It is also to be observed that the 
 prefix of Mr. to the justices is now omitted in the record. 
 
 The form of attestation for jurors, adopted by Penn, is 
 not given in the records of the Chester court. The fol- 
 lowing is recorded at New Castle, under the date of Feb. 
 22, 1682-83: 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 25 
 
 " The forme to boe used in ye Roome of yo oath for ye Jury as the 
 same was delivered in Cor' by y« Honoiii William Penn vizt." 
 
 " Ton Solemnly promis in y" presence of God & this Cor' that you 
 will Justly try & deliver in yo' verdict in all cases depending, that 
 shall be brought before you during this session of Court according to 
 evidence, and y« liws of this government to y« best of yC understand- 
 ing." 
 
 "Att the Con held at Chester for y^ County of Chester 2f"' of y» 
 4th moneth, called June, 1683." 
 
 " AVilliam Penn, Esq"', Proprietary & Gov'no', p'sent. 
 Jno Symcock Tho : Brasey ) 
 
 Willm Clayton Otto Ems' Cock I Justices 
 
 Rob' Wade Ralph Withers j P's^nt." 
 
 The Grand Inquest. 
 
 " James Kennerley, 
 Jamea Saund''land, 
 George flforeman, 
 Neales Lawson, 
 Jn" Cornelius, 
 Rich* Buffington, 
 Tho : Minshawe, 
 Jn° Harding, 
 
 Mons Stawkitt, 
 Olle Rawson, 
 George Wood, 
 Albert Hendriokson, 
 Hermon Johnson, 
 Nathaniel Evans, 
 Rob^' Robinson, 
 Will"" Woodmanson. 
 
 Richii ffew." 
 
 The Jury, 
 "Jn" Blunstone, Tho: Cowbourne, 
 
 Michael Blunstone, Jn" Bartlestawe, 
 
 Henry Coleman, Jn" Mynall, 
 
 Henry Hastings, Tho : Worth, 
 
 James Browne, Jn** Chyld, 
 
 Joshua fferne, Joseph Phipps." 
 
 " Lawrence Carolus by y^ Ingagemt of Ja : Saund'lands was to ap- 
 peare at this Co^t, But wa^ called three tymes and appeared not."^" 
 
 In the case of John Day vs. Henry Reynolds for debt, 
 it appears a balance of four pounds nineteen shillings and 
 twopence was to have been paid in a cow and*alf by the 
 20th of the 2d month last. 
 
 " The Jury find for y" Plain' & give him a Cow & Calfe, y« same to 
 be deliv'' within 7 dayes, or 4"' 19' 2* at y' ohoyco of y" Plaint, or 
 y» value thereof in Porke, Beefe or Corne in ye 8 mo : next, & 40' 
 dam. & costs of Suite." 
 
 Administration on the estate of John Hazlegrove was 
 granted to Ralph Withers and Henry Reynolds, an ap- 
 praisement having been made by James Browne and Joseph 
 Phipps. 
 
 "Jn» Ward for sundry ffellons, Comitted to y' Custody of y« 
 Sberifie, & made bis Escape with Irons upon him. 
 
 " James Saund"'lane, upon his Complaynt to y« Co't against y' s* 
 Jn° Ward is ordered by the Co^t to Receive his owne Goods which 
 were found in y^ possession of him y' s'' Ward, 
 
 "George fforeman alsoe upon his verball Complaynt, is alsoe or- 
 dered to receive his goods. 
 
 " Whereas Jeremiah Collett hath Treated with Jn" Barnes, late of 
 Bristoll in England for y" service of a Boy named Rob' Williams, 
 And declareth that the bargayne was made for six pounds. And y» 
 Boye's M' was to be at y^ charge of Cure of his Legg, which appeares 
 to amount to 7': 12': The CCt thereupon Judg it reasonable y' the 
 sayd Boy shall serve 4 yeares for satisfying y= same : And y^ Boy 
 declareing his willingnesse thereto, The Co't order him to serve 4 
 yeares. 
 
 " Constables Chosen — 
 "ffor Chichester Liberty, Will™ Hewes. 
 Chester Liberty, Tho : Coubourne. 
 Derby Liberty, Tho : Worth. 
 Ammersland Liberty, Will™ Cobb. 
 Concord Liberty, Jn° Mendnhall. 
 " Ordered, That j= Peace makers are to meet j' ffirst fourth day of 
 every moneth." 
 
 * At the next court he was cleared by proclamation. 
 4 
 
 The " peace makers'' were a kind of standing board of 
 arbitration, and were appointed by the courts, but their 
 names do not appear in the record. 
 
 The next court was held 6th month (August) 22, 
 1683, at which was tried the case involving the title to 
 Tinicum Island, which had in former times been a subject 
 of litigation. The whole island was given by the Swedish 
 crown to Governor John Printz, by deed of Nov. 6, 1613. 
 His daughter, Mrs. Papegoya, sold it in 1662, to Jost Do 
 Lagrange, but received as part payment a bill of exchange, 
 which was protested. After her return from Sweden she 
 instituted a suit for the recovery of the unpaid considera- 
 tion. The case was taken from the " High Court on the 
 Delaware" to the Court of Assizes at New York, where, on 
 Oct. 2, 1672, a verdict in her favor for three hundred and 
 fifty pounds with costs. The island was now in possession 
 of Andrew Carr and his wife, widow of De Lagrange. 
 The sheriff was ordered to put the plaintifif in possession of 
 the island of Tinicum and the stock thereon in payment of 
 the debt. This not having been fully e£Fected, another order 
 was issued by Governor Andros, Jan. 12, 1675, to Sheriif 
 Edmund Cantwell to complete the business. Mrs. Pape- 
 goya next sold the island to Otto Ernest Cock. At this 
 court the case stood thus : 
 
 ,. , , , T^ t niL ^ The Plaint, sues & declares 
 
 '■ Arnoldus Delagrange, Pit. 
 
 rt., n i ^ , TV i-. V as Heire to Tynnacu. 
 
 Otto Ernest Cock Deft. f ■' 
 
 J Island & pi^misses. 
 
 "John White, Attorney for defendant admits that the plaintiff's 
 father had been legally possessed of the property, bat cited the exe- 
 cution in favor of Lady Armgard Prince fur balance of purchase 
 money. Abraham Man, attorney for plaintiff, sets forth that at the 
 time of the former trial the plaintiff (who was heir to the Island) was 
 under age, and in Holland, and therefore could make no defense; that 
 he was not even mentioned in the trial, the action being commenced 
 against ' one Andrew Carre & Prissilla his wife mistaken in y^ Exe- 
 cuc6n for y^ mother of this Plaint, whose mother's name was Mar- 
 garctta.' " 
 
 From the evidence of Nicholas More, secretary, it ap- 
 pears that Cock had recently sold the island to More, but 
 afterwards admitted that his title was not a just one and 
 asked More to give it up, which he did. Israel Helme re- 
 membered that the plaintiff's father was to pay six thousand 
 Dutch guilders, and that three hundred were paid ; further, 
 that the said money, equal to three hundred pounds, was 
 to be paid in this country by agreement between Jacob 
 Swanson and plaintiff's father. 
 
 Fop Johnson deposes that on demand being made of the 
 plaintiff's mother for the money she said she could not pay 
 it. 
 
 The plaintiff, by attorney, declares he is willing to pay 
 what can be made appear to remain unpaid, but denies the 
 right of defendant to receive it. 
 
 " The Jury finde for y^ Plaint, and also give him his Costs of Suite 
 and fforty Shillings damage, the Plaint, paying to y« Def Thirty & 
 seavcn pounds & Tenne shillings, according to an agreem' betweene 
 ye Plaint. & Def produced & Read in this Co''t, A alsoe delivering ye 
 Block house & ^ticulars in ye same agreem' mencone(^." 
 
 It may be observed that this action was commenced in, 
 the Upland court June, 1681, but was " referred till nex,t 
 Court by reason that there's noe Court w'^out Justice Otto 
 whoe is a party." The agreement referred to between the 
 parties was made prior to May, 1683. The " brief of title" 
 
26 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 4^^^S^. 
 
 IOquy ^>- 
 
 to this island recites a patent from Governor Lovelace, Oct. 
 1, 1669, to Andrew Carr and Margaret, his wife, who, by in- 
 dorsement on the patent, conveyed the same to Arnoldus 
 De Lagrange, June 20, 1672. Christopher Taylor became 
 the owner Feb. 2, 1684, and partly sold it to Ralph Fret- 
 well. His administrator, Robert Turner, brought suit 
 against Fretwell for £590 17s. 9d. ; the island was seized 
 and sold by the sheriff to Turner, who conveyed it to 
 Taylor's heirs. Israel Taylor, son of Christopher, became 
 the sole owner, and resided thereon till his death, in 1725. 
 Among the jurors at the above trial were Francis Chelsey 
 (Chadsey ?), Robert, Thomas, and Randall Vernon, and John 
 Kinsman. 
 
 From the circumstance that several of Penn's letters, 
 written during the winter of 1683, were dated at Chester, 
 it is believed that he resided at that place nearly up to the 
 10th of March, when his first Council was assembled at Phila- 
 delphia. The second Assembly was convened at Philadel- 
 phia two days afterwards, and continued its session twenty- 
 two days. 
 
 But little was done at this session specially relating to 
 Chester County, except the estab- 
 lishment of a seal, the design of 
 which was a plow. 
 
 At the court held Oct. 17, 
 1683, Robert Taylor appears as 
 a juror, and Edward Eglinton, 
 Richard Crosby, John or George 
 Aston are mentioned. A grand 
 jury of seventeen persons was 
 " Impanelled to looke out a Con- 
 venient High way leading from Providence to Chester." 
 
 Christopher Taylor, having removed from Bucks County 
 and settled on Tinicum, appears as president of the justices 
 holding court 5th month 1st, 1684. William Wood and 
 John Harding also appear as justices for the first time. 
 
 "This Cort Considering the necessity of Defraying the Charge of the 
 Cort House and Prison att Chester by a Fublicke levie it was ordered 
 that according to the Law in that Case Provided every man Possessed 
 of Lands should pay towards the Levie after the Kate of one shilling 
 for every hundred Acres within this County And every freeman should 
 pay six pence being above sixteen yars of Adge and not exceeding 
 sixty and every Artificer not Exceeding the afores* Age of sixty and 
 above sixteen la. &d, by the Pole and every servant three pence as 
 also non residence having land in this County and not occupying the 
 same shall pay for every hundred Acres after the rate of one shilling 
 six pence ^ hundred." 
 
 " The names of the Collectors nominated to gather the Assesment, 
 viz. : 
 
 For Darby, Thomas Worth, Joshua fferne. 
 
 Amose Land and Calcoone Hooke, William Cobb, Mons Stakett. 
 
 Chicheater, Thomas Usher, Jeremy Collett. 
 
 Providence, Eichard Crosby, Andrew Nelson. 
 
 Ridley and in the Woods, James Kenela, Randolfe Vernome." 
 
 James Browne was appointed Constable for Chichester. 
 
 " Supervisors Chossen for the High Wayes : from Namans Creeke 
 to Marcus Hooke, alius Chichester, Walter Marten, from Chichester 
 Creeke to Chester Creeke, John Child, from Chester Creeke to Croome 
 Creeke, Robert Taylor. , 
 
 6, 5, 1684 : " Ordered that upon the Complaint of Thomas Wither, 
 Shreife, and Robert Eyre, Gierke, for the non Payment of their fees 
 that Execution be granted to levy the same." 
 
 Charles Ashcome is appointed collector for Amos Land 
 and Calcoone Hooke ; Jonathan Hayes and James Stanfield, 
 
 collectors "for the Publicke Aid, for Marple"; Richard 
 Crosby and Edward Carter, for the town of Chester ; John 
 Minall [Mendenhall] and Thomas King, for Concord and 
 Bethel. 
 
 Thomas Person is appointed constable and supervisor for 
 the highways for Marple ; Richard ffew, constable for 
 Chester ; Henry Taten, for Amos Land and Calcoone 
 Hooke ; Samuel Bradshaw, for Darby ; Nicholas Nueland, 
 for Concord; Thomas Nositer, for Providence; John Hen- 
 drickson, supervisor for Amos Land and Calcoone Hooke; 
 Michael Blunston, for Darby. 
 
 "Appraisers nominated and Appointed for this County — Thomas 
 Vsher, Jeremy Collett, Joshua Hastings." 
 
 "Richard Crosby made his Complaint for want of his Execution 
 against the Estateof George Andrews upon the award of the Peace 
 makers. Ordered that Execution be Granted him." 
 
 The Copy of the Peace makers' award on a reflFerance agreed on at 
 this Cort, held the ll"" of the 10"' moneth, 1683, between Richard 
 Crosby, Plaintife, and George Andrews, Defendant: 
 
 According to the above Order of Cort to us directed wee have seri- 
 ously Considered the Premisses Between the Plaintife, Richard Crosby, 
 and the Defendant, George Andrews; whereupon wee the Peace 
 makers doe give grant Judge and Allow that the said Defendant 
 George Andrews, his heires and Assignes, shall pay or Cause to be 
 paid vnto the said Plaintife, Richard Crosby, or his Assignes, the full 
 and Just sum of eighteen pounds of Lawful! money of this Province 
 att or upon the 20*'^ day of this Instant, December, att the now dwell- 
 ing house of James Saunderlaine att Chester; halfe of which said 
 eighteen pounds the said Defendant George Andrews or his Assignes is 
 to pay the said P'laintife Richard Crosby or his Assignes, as aforesaid 
 in ready money as aforesaid; the other halfe in good and merchant- 
 able wheate or Rye, att the Comon Markett Price of this River; to 
 which Conclusion wee the Peace makers for this County of Chester 
 have sett our hands att the aforesaid Chester the l?"" day of the 10" 
 moneth 16891 
 
 John Hastins 
 John Hakdikg 
 
 7,2,1684: "Randolfe Vernon was appointed Appraiser for this 
 County in the roome of Thomas Vsher." 
 
 "Jeremy Collett in the behalfe of himselfe and the rest of the Ap- 
 praisers of this County made returne of the Appraisment of William 
 Oborne goods and Lands amounting to the valine of 108' : 2' : 6*. bear- 
 ing date the 20"' of the S"" moneth 1684." 
 
 Owing to the disputes with Lord Baltimore in regard to 
 the title to the " three lower counties" (now Delaware), 
 William Penn found it necessary to return to England in 
 1684. He presided in Council for the last time on the 14th 
 of August, and doubtless sailed soon after. He had signed 
 a commission on the 7th of August to his " Trusty & 
 Loveing Friends, Tho : Lloyd, James Harrison, and John 
 Simcock," in which he says, " Not knowing how it may 
 please Allmighty God to deal with me in this voyage," and 
 " that the Administration of y° Government be carefully 
 provided for in case of my Decease before I return or send 
 any other Order or Comissions," I " appoint you Comis- 
 sioners & Guardians in Governm' to my dear Heir Spring- 
 ett Penn ; of which the ffirst named to preside according 
 to Charter, & in case of y° Decease of my Heir before he.? 
 comes of Age, then to y° next, successively," etc. 
 
 At the court held in December, 1684, " Joseph Cookson 
 was presented by Robert Wade for taking a Wife Contrary 
 to the good and wholesome laws of this Province." He 
 was ordered " to finde security for tenne pounds," but ap- 
 pears not to have been troubled any further about the 
 naaffef; ~ — 
 
iiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiffliiiiairjHi! 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 27 
 
 " Robert Taylor, Supervisor for the High Wayes Pre- 
 sented Thomas Nositer for taming the High way from 
 Providence to Chester." The " Grand Inquest ' of seven- 
 teen persons was ordered to inspect the matter. 
 
 " Margrett Person Complained against her master John 
 Colbert, for bis ill usage and beating her Contrary to Law : 
 — Ordered that shee be disposed of for seven pounds." 
 
 At the court held 11th month 6, 1684 (January, 1685), 
 an action appears, Justa Anderson vs. Laurentius Carolus 
 and James Saunderlaine, " for weakning and disparaging his 
 Title of Land." The pkiutiflF had purchased of the said 
 Lasse Carolus his house and land at Upland several years 
 before. Brantie Everts, aged five-and-fifty years, deposed 
 at New Castle, September 5th, that he was present when 
 the sale was made. Evert Alderts testified before Thomas 
 Usher, October 3d, that he was present when Lasse Carolus 
 sold to Justice Anderson " all his Land and Houses on 
 Upland, both whome [home] lotts and woodland," and that 
 Anderson was to give eight hundred guilders for the same. 
 He further stated before Robert Wade, October 8th, that 
 on Monday, the " 6th Instant, Lasse Carolus the Prist, 
 Come to his houcse In West Jersey" and tried to persuade 
 him " to give him in writting that he had sold unto Justa 
 Anderson butt his house and Hog Stye with the Erfe be- 
 longing to y° same In Upland." Edmund Cantwell testified 
 at New Castle, October 18th, that several years before, when 
 he was collector of the duke's quit-rents, he was at Upland 
 and demanded the rent from Lasse Carolus for his land 
 where he lived, and for his house and land in Upland 
 Towne, when he informed the deponent that he had sold 
 the latter to Anderson. '' John Grubb, about thirty two 
 years of Age deposes that about four years agoe he had a 
 minde to buy the Woodland lott that Lasse Carolus had in 
 Vpland, being Two hundred Acres, and talking with James 
 Saunderlaine about it he told him that Justa Anderson had 
 already bought the s* two hundred Acres of the afores* 
 Lasse Carolus, the Sweeds Prist." George Moore deposed, 
 December 23d, that " he heard James Saunderlaine did 
 say, coming into y° house of Justa Anderson, y' what 
 thinke you ! Lasse Carolus would have sold your laud to 
 John Grub had it not been for me." 
 
 The verdict was in favor of the plaintiff, with cost of 
 suit and twelve pounds damage ; " upon which y° Defend- 
 ants make their Appeale to the next Cort of Assize held 
 for this County." 
 
 " Richard Ruffington is ordered to Receive the Levies raised for 
 the Cort house and Prison in the Township of Chester." 
 
 "Ordered that Richard Ingeloe, Clerke of the Provincial! Conn- 
 cell be satisfied out of the first levies for the Publicke Aid raised in 
 this County." 
 
 Randall Vernon and Robert Byre were ordered to look 
 for a master for Margaret Person that will lay down the 
 seven pounds ordered by the last court to free her from her 
 master. 
 
 " Ordered that y' Inhabitance of Concord, Bethell and Chichester 
 doe meet on the 3d day of the next weeke att Henry Renolds to 
 Conferre together how to Provide a maintainance for Miriam Thom- 
 son and her Child." 
 
 " Ordered, that the Collectors of the Levie for the Cort bouse and 
 Prison shall be Considered for time and Palnes twelve pence in the 
 pound." 
 
 ■Thomas Norbury and Joseph Humphry were appointed 
 collectors of the " Levie for the Cort house and Prison for 
 y° Township of Newtowne." This is the first mention of 
 this township on the records. 
 
 12 mo. (Feb.) 3, 1684-5. "Ordered that the Grand Jury have 
 Power to Examine all Weights and measures and that they be sealed 
 according to the Law in that Case Provided." 
 
 " Walter ffauoett Tendred seven pounds to lay downe for Margrett 
 Person, being ordered her master Colbert [Calvert], for her freedome 
 from him, — ordered by a former Cort." 
 
 At a court held " the 1st third day of y" first weeke in 
 y° 1st month, 1684 [-5]," "John Gibbons was SuraSned 
 and att this Cort Presented for selling y° Indians Rum." 
 His fine was remitted. John Mendinghall was guilty of 
 the same offense, " butt upon his Petition remitted." 
 
 "Mouns Eusta and the Rest Concerned in the Building of the 
 Prison and Cort House are ordered to receive out of Calcoone Hooke 
 and Amos Land the moneys Assest fur that Purpose." 
 
 " William Dalbo is ordered to receive for his worke done on the 
 Court House and Prison so much as he can make Appear to be his 
 Due out of the Levies raised for that Purpose in the Township of 
 Darby." 
 
 "Ordered that all People that shall make use of the Cort house for 
 sellarage of any goods shall for every Tonne Pay after y" rate of three 
 shillings four Pence a' Tonne for any time not Exceeding a weeke; 
 And for what time it shall Continue afterwards, halfe so much." 
 
 The date given for the holding of this court is in the 
 style very frequently used for several years after this. 
 
 4 mo. 1685. "Samuell Bradshaw, Constable for the last year for 
 Darby made his recurne all was well ; whereupon Edmond Cartieidge 
 was Elected to serve and Attested for y^ Eusuing year." 
 
 " Nicholas Newland Coustaple for y= last year for Concord made 
 his returne all was well ; whereupon George Stroad was Elected to 
 serve in his s'eeJ for the year Ensuing." 
 
 Similar entries are frequent after this date. At this 
 court " Abraham Effingall Being Lawfully Convickted for 
 abusing and menacing the majestracy of this County was 
 ordered twenty one lashes att the Publicke Whipping-Post 
 on his bear Baeke, well laid on, and 14 dayes Imprison- 
 ment at hard labour in y" House of Correction." This 
 house of correction was probably the prison, as it appears 
 many years later no such building existed as a separate es- 
 tablishment. 
 
 Oct. 6, 1685. "Ordered that for Defraying the Publicke Charges 
 of this County a lev.e be raised upon Every bundred Acres of Land 
 taken up and surveyed after the rate of two shillings and six pence 
 for every hundred Acres within this County, And lands taken up by 
 non-residence and soe not Occupied shall pay after y^ rate of three 
 shillings nine pence for Every hundred Acres. And that all the male 
 Inhabitance within this County from sixteen to sixty years of Age 
 doe pay after the Rate of two shillings six pence by the Pole Except 
 men servants who shall pay after the Rate of one shilling and three 
 Pence by the Pole and noe more. And that Jeremy Collett, High 
 Sherife of this County be Ordered to levie y" same within three 
 monethes whoe is to be allowed after the rate of one shilling for 
 Every pound soe levied. It is alsoe further ordered that the Consta- 
 ples doe forthwith bring in within fourteen dayes after the date hereof 
 the names and Sir names of all the male Inhabitance residing within 
 their severall presincts unto the Cheife Collector, who shall Allow four- 
 teen dayes time after warning given to every Township to bring in 
 their respective Payments to the Towne of Chester. The Collector is 
 further ordered to receive good and merchantable Indian Corne after 
 ye Rate of 2' 8<i " >, 
 
 good and merchant ble Wheate at 4 : 6 > By the Bushell." 
 good and merchantable Rye at 3 : 6 J 
 
 " Robert Cloud had a Passe granted him to depart this Province, 
 dated y= 26"" day of y' O'l^ moneth, 1686, his Brother W"» Cloud of 
 Concord being his security to safe y^ Country Harmlesse." 
 
28 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 A minute of this kind is very rare. 
 
 At the next court, in December, the prices allowed for 
 grain were raised to five shillings for wheat, four shillings 
 for rye, and three for Indian corn. 
 
 " At a Council held at Philadelphia y" 1st 2d Mo., 1 685." 
 Present Thomas Holmes, president, and others. 
 
 " Whereas, the Governor in presence of John Symoock and W™ 
 Wood, was pleased to say & Grant That y" bounds of the Countys of 
 Chester & Philadelphia should be as followed, viz. : 
 
 " That the bounds should begin at the Mill Creek and slopeing to 
 3' Welsh Township, and thence to Sohoolekill, Ac. in obedience 
 thereto and confirmation thereof. 
 
 "The Councill having seriously Weyed & Considered the some, 
 have A doe hereby Agree and order that y^ bounds betwixt the said 
 Countys shall be thus ; That is to say : 
 
 "The County of Chester to begin at y° Mouth or Entrance of 
 Bough Creek, upon Delaware River, being the Upper end of Tene- 
 cum Island, and soe up that Creek, deviding the said Island from y° 
 Land of Andros Boone & company; from thence along the several 
 courses thereof to a Large Creeke Called Mill Creek ; from thence 
 up the several courses of the said creek to a W : S : W : Line, which 
 Line devided the Liberty Lands of Philadelphia from Severall Tracts 
 of Land belonging to the Welsh & other Inhabitance ; and from thence 
 E : N : E : by a line of Marked Trees, 120 perches more or less; from 
 thence N : N : W : by the harford [Haverford] Township 1000 perches 
 more or less : from thence E : N : E : by y*^ Land belonging to Jno ; 
 Humphreis 110 perches more or less ; from thence N : N : W : by y= 
 Land of Jno : Bkley, 880 perches more or less ; from Thence Con- 
 tinuing the y® said Course to the Seoolkill River, w*^*^ s** Scoulkill 
 River afterwards to be the natural bounds." 
 
 " The question was put, whether the aforementioned Creeks, 
 courses, and lines shall be the bounds betwixt the countys of Phila- 
 delphia and Chester according to y^ Gov" grant as aforesaid; Unani- 
 mous carried in y® aiHrmative.'* 
 
 Charles Ashcom had held the office of deputy surveyor 
 for Chester County under the surveyor-general, Thomas 
 Holme, but the complaints against him were so numerous, 
 and a misunderstanding having arisen between him and 
 Holme, the Council were obliged to issue an order prohibit- 
 ing him from surveying any more lands in Chester County. 
 
 By this time the surveys were extended within the pres- 
 ent limits of our county in Birmingham, Thornbury, and 
 Westtown. The outlines of "The Welsh Tract" had 
 been run by virtue of the following warrant : 
 
 " Whereas divers considerable persons among y Welsh Friends 
 have requested me y' all y' Lands Purchased of me by those of North 
 Wales and South Wales, together with y« adjacent counties to y™, as 
 Haverfordshire, Shropshire and Cheshire, about fourty thousand acres, 
 may be lay* out contiguously as one Barony, alledging y' y^ number 
 allready come and suddenly to come, are such as will be capable of 
 planting y' same much w'Mn j " proportion allowed by y" custom of y" 
 country, A so not lye in large and useless vacancies. And because I 
 am inclined and determined to agree and favour y"" w"" any reason- 
 able Conveniency and priviledge : I do hereby charge thee A strictly 
 require thee to lay out y" s* tract of Land in as uniform a manner, 
 as conveniently may be, upon yo West side of Skoolkill river, run- 
 ning three miles upon yo same, A two miles backward, A then extend 
 y« parallel w"" y« river six miles and to run westwardly so far as till 
 
 y' s* quantity of land be Compleately surveyed unto y™. Given at 
 
 Pennsbury, y» 13" 1" mo. 1684." Will: Penn." 
 
 " To Tho : Holmes, Surveyor-General." 
 
 In pursuance of this warrant, the surveyor-general on 
 the 4th of the 2d month (April), 1684, issued an 
 order to his deputy, David Powell, and after reciting it he 
 directs him " to survey and sett out unto the said pur- 
 chasers the said quantity of land, there, in manner as be- 
 fore expressed, and in method of townshipps lately ap- 
 
 pointed by the Governor att five thousand acres for a 
 townshipp and to be directed (for placing the villages of 
 each Township and division of the purcbasors) by Thomas 
 Lloyd Master of the Rolls who is principally concerned 
 therein, unto whose care and prudence is recommended the 
 ordering and managing of this affair to the content and 
 satisfaction of the said purchasers and make me a true 
 return of the original field work and protracted figures, as 
 well as the distinct quantity of each purchasor,''&c." 
 
 The survey was made before the end of 1684. Soon 
 after encroachments were made by others within its limits, 
 and particularly by Charles Ashcom, a very troublesome 
 deputy surveyor. In consequence thereof the Welsh in- 
 habitants petitioned to the proprietary's deputies against 
 these intrusions, who, after they had " well weighed the 
 mater, truly considered the case, and rightly understand- 
 ing the Governors intention in granting the warrant," 
 issued their mandate on the 25th day of the 5th month 
 (July), 1687, forbidding such intrusions, and making void 
 what had been done within the prescribed limits, which are 
 given as follows : 
 
 ''Beginning att the Schoolkill, thence running W. S. W. by the 
 City liberties 2256 perches to Darby Creek. Theuce following up 
 the several courses thereof to New Towne Line, Thence up the 
 said line N. N. W. 448 perches, Thence S. S. W. and by W. by 
 New Towne, 9i<8 perches, to a corner post by Crumb Creek, 
 Thence down the several courses thereof 460 perches, Thence W. and 
 by S by a line of trees 1920 perches. Thence N. N. W. by a line of 
 
 trees perches, Thence E. and by N. by a line of trees, 3040 
 
 perches, Thence B. and by S. 1120 perches. Thence S. S. E. 266 
 perches. Thence E. N. E. 640 perches. Thence S. S. E. 1204 perches, 
 Thence B. N. B. 668 perches to the Schoolkill, Thence down the 
 several courses thereof to the place of beginning." 
 
 The only draft of the Welsh tract that has been found 
 in the surveyor-general's office does not entirely agree with 
 this survey. The large survey included the townships of 
 Haverford, Radnor, Merion, Tredyfi"rin, Whiteland, Wil- 
 listown, Easttown, Goshen, and part of Westtown. 
 
 Some complaints having been forwarded to the proprie- 
 tary, they were noticed in the following instructions to 
 the commissioners of property, Wm. Markham, Thomas 
 Ellis, and John Goodson, dated at Worminghurst, 12 
 month 1st, 1686, and read at a meeting held 3, 13, 1687: 
 
 " 4"i'r— And Whereas I formerly granted a Warr« for forty Thou- 
 sand aoers for the Welch people to Lye Contiguous on the west side 
 of Schoolkill and that I am informed Incursions have been made 
 upon those Lines Contrary to Equity as also that Charles Ashoome 
 Refuses to make Regular Returns to Thomas Holme, Surveyor Gen- 
 erall or pay him his old dues which was one third from the first 
 of his serveing under him. These are to will and Require you to 
 Look into the same and to do Justice both to the Welch and to the 
 Survey'-Generall, Charles Ashoome, Promiseing me to pay y= said 
 one third part of the money for survey to the said Thomas Holme 
 and in Case the said Charles Ashoome shall be disorderly or Re- 
 factory you are hereby Impowered to Displace him otherwise to 
 Continue him in his Imploy." 
 
 The Welsh settlers not only contemplated having their 
 settlements together, but expected to constitute one munici- 
 pal district, in order that they might manage their affairs 
 in their own way. They certainly had grounds for this 
 expectation, and consequently when the division line was 
 run between Philadelphia and Chester Counties, through 
 the Welsh tract, and separating the settlements of Radnor 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 29 
 
 and Haverford from those of Merion, it gave rise to much 
 dissatisfaction. 
 
 In 1688, William Markham forwarded the following pe- 
 tition to the proprietary : 
 
 " Philadelphia the 23^ 2^ m» 1688. 
 "To the propriet'y & Governors Comissioners of State & Property 
 The Humble petioon of the Inhabitants of the Welch Tract Sheweth 
 " That Whereas William Penn ProprietaTA Governo'afores* out of 
 his tend' Dove & good will towards your Pet" &, for their Incouragm' 
 & Conveniency here (considering many of them understood not the 
 English Tongue & soe were incapable of giveing due service to English 
 Judicatures) was favo'^J" pleased to give his most Solemne word (be- 
 fore they removed from the Land of their nativity) That they yC 
 Pef^ should have ab* forty thousand acres of Land contiguously layd 
 out as a Barony and that they should not be obliged to answer nor 
 serve in any Co^ whatsoever but should have Co'^ & magistrates of 
 their owne wherein Justice should be ministred according to the Law 
 of this Governm' or to that Effect; In Consideration whereof & for a 
 manifestacoQ of yo' pet" Love Gratitude & Choice to the s* Governo' 
 & his Governm* they came over to this Province. 
 
 " And whereas the s* Propriety in pursuance of his former promise 
 Did grant a warrant for surveying the fc^ Tract accordingly and there- 
 upon further declared that yo' pet" should Injoy the s* priviledges in 
 maner afores^ &, be Exempt from attending all other Judicatures save 
 only That they should maintaine memb" to serve in Council & As- 
 sembly And also whereas the s'l Tract extends to the sev'all Countys 
 of Philadelphia & Chester as is aleadged & by pretence thereof your 
 Pet" have been sumoned to the County Co''^ of both the s^ Countys 
 to yeild their service upon Jurys & so are like to be taxed in both 
 places to their great Impoverishm'. Kow forasmuch as the privi- 
 lidges & ExenipoSns afores* soe tenderly proposed by o' GovernC is 
 most thankfull acknowledged as a peculiar kindness to yo' pet" nev'- 
 theless they desire to Improve the same to no other end then to have 
 their Co'ts & magistrates of & amongst themselves as they had in 
 Wales and to be Governed by the Law of Pensilvania here, as they 
 were by the Law of England there, and that good Hale & order may 
 be the better kept amongst them i> an amiable unity with their Eng- 
 lish A other neighbo" be preserved and Especially That their monthly 
 & other meetings may not be seperated. 
 
 " Therefore yo"^ pet" humbly request that what hath been so as 
 afores^ granted by parol may be Confirmed unto them &, other pur- 
 chso" &■ Inhabitants of the s* Tract & their heires by Grant Charter 
 or ordinance containing such Jurisdictions, powers Liberties and un- 
 der such services, Restrieoons and Denominaoon as in wisdome you 
 shall Judge Expedient, Ac. 
 
 " Thomas Ellis, 
 Griffith Owen, 
 John Betan, 
 Hugh Roberts, 
 Henry Lewis, 
 William Howell, 
 John Evans, 
 Robert Davies, 
 
 [Indorsed] 
 
 Francis Howell, 
 William Jenkins, 
 John Humphrey, 
 Samuel Kees, 
 Moris Lewelin, 
 John Roberts, 
 David Meredith, 
 
 Richard Orme, 
 Rees Peter, 
 Hugh Jones, 
 David Etan, 
 John Jarman, 
 Phylip Evan." 
 
 ' Pray S'' send an answer to this ffor they are 
 very Earncft about it but John Symoook 
 much ag* it as also Laying an other County 
 beyond theirs. 
 
 «W. M." 
 
 What reply was made to this has not been noticed. The 
 Welsh declined to recognize the division that had been 
 made previously, and this led to the following proceedings. 
 In Council, 1, 25, 1689 : 
 
 " The Secretary produced a Petition ffrom severall Justices and In- 
 habitants of y« County of Chester, directed to y« Gover' and Council!. 
 The Gover' asked by whome Subscribed : 'twas answered by none. 
 He replyed He should not receive it without a Subscription : it was 
 delivered to j« persons who attended about it. They Subscribed it. 
 The QoverT then directed it to be read : it was read : y<= Coppy There- 
 off ffoUoweth (viz :) 
 
 " To John Blaokwell, Esq'., Gover', and the Provinc" Counoill of 
 
 Pennsylvania, &b. 
 
 "The Humble Petition of y« Justices of Chester County in the 
 behalfe of themselves and Inhabitants of y« said County Sheweth : 
 That whereas y" said County is but a Small tract of Land, not above 
 9 miles Square, & but Thinly seated, whereby y" said County is not 
 able to Support the Charge thereoff; Vppon our humble Request to 
 The Proprietor & Gover', and his Serious Consideration of our weak 
 Condition, was pleased out of Compassion to us, to grant an Enlarge- 
 ment of y° same, in manner ffollowing, viz : to runn up from Dela- 
 ware River, along darby mill Creek, y" severall Courses thereoff, un- 
 till they took in Radnor and Herford Townshipps; Then downe to y= 
 Skoolkill ; Then vp wards along the severall C ourses thereoff without 
 Limmitt. 
 
 " Therefore, wee humbly pray you will be pleased to Confirme y' 
 said bounds, whereby the County of Chester may be in some measure 
 able to defray their necessary Charge, and wee shall, as in duty 
 bound, &G. 
 
 " Signed by Jo" Blnnston, Tho : Brassie, Rand" Vernon, Caleb 
 Pusey, Tho : Vsher. 
 
 "The Gover' Demanded oty" Petitioners how they would make out 
 their alligations. They began to relate some passages w"'' had passed 
 ffrom y« Proprietor about settling the bounds of y^ County of Chester. 
 
 " The Gover' Directed them to withdraw, and putt what they had 
 to say and Ceuld depose into writeing ; they went forth and brought 
 in their severall attestations following, w""" were read, viz : 
 
 " I, John Blunstone, as in relation to y= Devision of Chester County 
 ffrom Philadelphia, doe thus testifie, that a ffew days before Gover' 
 Penn left this Province, that vpon y« bank by John Simcook's house, 
 I moved him to Deside this matter that had been so long Discoursed, 
 who then, before me and Others, did Declare that y« bounds Should 
 thus runn ffrom the mouth of Bow Creek to Mill Creek, v"'^ should 
 be y" bounds until it come to y= Land of Herford, and then to take 
 in the Townds of Herford & Radnor ; from thence to the Skoolkill, 
 and take in his mannour of Springtowne, by w"'' our Pattents Holds : 
 then I asked him if he would be pleased to give it under his band, to 
 avoyde ffurther Trouble, who answered he would if any of vs would 
 Come the next day to Philadelphia in order therevnto : one was sent, 
 but what then obstructed I am not oertaine, but y' y« Gover"' Departed 
 about two days after : 
 
 " was signed John Blunston. 
 
 "Randall Vernon sayeth, that some time since W" Howell of 
 Harford Signified vnto me, and gave it vnder his owne hand, y' some 
 time after they there settled that he asked y= Gover' to what County 
 they should be joyned or belong vnto, A The Gover' was pleased to 
 answer him that they must belong to Chester County : 
 
 " Was signed B., the mark of Rand" Vernon. 
 
 "Our Proprietor and Gover. being pleased to grant to me a Com- 
 mission to be Sheriff of the County of Chester, was pleased some time 
 after to express himselfe to me to this purpose : Thomas, I perceive 
 that the Skoolkill Creek Comes or runs so vpon the back of Philadel- 
 phia, that it makes y« City almost an Islani, so that a Robbery or the 
 like may be there Committed and y" offender gitt over y" Creek and 
 so Escape for want of due persute, Ac, therefore I intend that y« 
 bounds of Philadelphia County Shall Come about 3 or ffour miles on 
 this side of the Skoolkill, and I would not have thee to take notice or 
 to oppose that Sheriff in y« Execution of his office, about Kingses, or 
 the like, but I intend to enlarge this County downwards to Brandy- 
 wine ; 
 
 " assertained by me, Thomas Vsher. 
 
 "Some of the members of the Prov" Councill asserted the Sub- 
 stance thereof, and that y= same was agreeable with the mapp of the 
 Province. 
 
 " The Survey' Gene'Us Deputy was sent for, who showed the 
 bounds of the County from the mapp, and being asked by y= Gover' 
 by what 'order it was sett out, answered it was so ordered by y^ Gover' 
 & Provincial! Council!, as would appear by y" Coppy of j« minutes of 
 their proceedings, yi"^ he produced. 
 
 " The Govei' Directed that the minutes themselves might be serched, 
 A Compareing the same Coppy with the Entry, ffound them agree in 
 Substance. 
 
 " 'Twas observed by y« Gover' and Councill that y« mapp of The 
 Province was the work of Thomas Holme, Survey' Gene" ; that it was 
 
30 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 dedicated to y" Proprietor by j= Publisher; that mauy Coppys had 
 been published in England and here in this Province, by w"'' y' same 
 was made notorious to all men's observations and Knowledge, without 
 OontroU or Question, and that 'twas likely many Conveyances of 
 Lands might have been passed, Expressing the situations to lye in 
 the Respective Countys; as they were therein Expressed, and that 
 to Disallow thereof, for y^ Boundary's might be of ill Consequence on 
 that aooo'. 'Twas asserted that the Welsh Inhabitants had Denyed 
 themselves to be any part of The County of Philadelphia, by refusing 
 to bear any share of Charges, or serve in office or Jurys, and the like, 
 as to y« County of Chester. 
 
 " That the pretence thereof was they were a distinct Barony, w"'' 
 tho' they might be, yet that severall Baronys might be in one and y" 
 same county. 
 
 " The Gover' and most of The present members of Councill De- 
 clareing themselves satisfied Concerning their being a part of Chester 
 County upon y'^ grounds alliged and proved as aforesaid, yet ffor as 
 much as Thomas Lloyd had desired they might be heard before it were 
 determined Sam^ Carpenter was desired to acquaint him that if he^ 
 the said Thomas Lloyd, should think fltt so fiarr to Coneefne himselfe 
 therein as to appear in their behalfe, or any other, to shew cause why 
 they should not be Declared to be of the County of Chester, (as the 
 Proprietor had promised) they might have liberty so to do before the 
 Gover'^ and Councill to morrow, between 9 <& 10 in the forenoon, other- 
 wise the Evidence seemed so ffuU as that they should proceed to De- 
 clare their judgment therein." 
 
 The next day Thomas Lloyd and John Eckley appeared 
 on behalf of the Welsh, and claimed that the proprietor 
 had given them grounds to expect they should be made a 
 county palatine ; but having no written evidence thereof, the 
 Governor and Council by a vote decided that the former di- 
 vision line should be confirmed. Samuel Carpenter and 
 William Yardley dissented on the ground that the Welsh 
 people should have had more time to make their defense. 
 
 The Welsh troubles are now transferred from the Council 
 chamber to the court at Chester. The court made an order 
 appointing John Jerman constable for Badnor and John 
 Lewis for Hartfort [Haverford], but these gentlemen did 
 not come forward to be qualified into office. At the fol- 
 lowing court it was " ordered that warrants of Contempt be 
 directed to the Sheriff to apprehend the bodys of John 
 Lewis and John Jerman for their contempt in not entering 
 into their respective offices of Constable (viz) John Lewis 
 for Hartfort; and John Jerman for Radnor, when thereunto 
 required by this Court." 
 
 David Lawrence had been returned as a grand juror from 
 Haverford, but refusing to attend, was presented by that 
 body and fined ten shillings. They also " do present the 
 want of the inhabitants of the townships of Radnor and 
 Hartfort, and the inhabitants adjacent, they not being 
 brought in to Join with us in the Levies and other public 
 services of this county." 
 
 At the June court of this year the commission of Wil- 
 liam Howell, of Haverford, as a justice, was read and pub- 
 lished, and " he did afterwards subscribe to the solemn 
 declaration, prepared by the 57"" Chapter of the great law 
 of this province." "The Divission lyne between this 
 County and Philadelphia County was read, dated y° 1st of 
 y"^ 2" mo'\ 1685." At the same court William Jenkins, 
 of Haverford, served as a juror, and at the December court 
 John Jerman was attested constable for Radnor. This is 
 the first official recognition by any of the inhabitants of 
 these townships that they were subject to the jurisdiction 
 of Chester County. They seem to have given up the idea 
 of a barony, and with as good a grace as possible submitted 
 
 to the authority they were unable any longer to resist. By 
 the close of the year these townships were supplied with a 
 full set of township officers, being the first appointed within 
 their limits. 
 
 At the court held in March, 1685-86, it was 
 
 "Ordered that the Sheriff take into custody the body of David 
 Lewis upon Suspition of Treason, as alsoe y« body of Robert Cloud for 
 Concealing y" same, for that he the said Robert Cloud being attested 
 before this Court, declared that upon the 3'* day of the weeke before 
 Christmas last att the house of George Foreman, the said David Lewis 
 did declare in his hearing that he was accused for being concerned 
 with the Duke of Monmouth in the West Country." 
 
 They were both bound over to appear at the next pro- 
 vincial court, Robert Dyer being surety for his servant, 
 David Lewis, and William Cloud, Sr., for his son Robert. 
 It was doubtless on account of the insurrectionary move- 
 ments in England that the latter received his " Passe" to 
 leave the country some months before this. 
 
 September, 1686. — "The Inhabitance of Bethell and Concord Pre- 
 sented a Paper to this Court signifieing their good liking of the Road 
 lately laid out by the Grand Jury to Chichester." 
 
 December, 1686. — " Constaples Chossen 
 
 ffor Bethell Lyberty — Edward Beasar. 
 
 Burmingham — John Bennett. 
 
 Chester — Andrew ffriend in the room of his father Neales Lawson. 
 
 Northley — Edward Carter, 
 
 Gilead — Joseph Baker. 
 
 Providence — John Nickson in y® Roome of Edward Pritchard. 
 
 Marple — ffrancis Stamfield. 
 
 Newtowne — Thomas Norbury. 
 
 Upper Providence — Thomas Powell." 
 
 " Ordered that all Constaples y' are not Attested doe forth with rc- 
 paire to their next Justice to be Attested according to law." 
 
 Northley was afterwards Aston, and Gilead was probably 
 Middletown. 
 
 " Ordered that all Constaples have forthwith Warrants directed vnto 
 them vnder y^ Clerks hand and County Scale that they forthwith Call 
 a Towne meeting in their severall Precincks in order to make a true 
 returne of all y= male Inhabitance therein as well Servants as free 
 men from sixteen years of age to sixty as alsoe of what Lands they 
 are seized of; as alsoe what Lands are surveyed to non residence and 
 soe remaining vnoooupied vnto y' Commissioners Sitting att Walter 
 ffaussetts att Ridley Creeke y® l^"- day of y*^ next moneth 1686." 
 
 " This Court in y" Behalfe of y" County have bargained and sold 
 vnto Robert Wade, his Heires and Assignes y" Court house and 
 Prison att Chester vpon Consideration Whereof y° said Wade doe 
 Obleidge himselfe his heires, Executors and Assignes to Defray all 
 Charges which are already Due from y" first Erecting said Houses, 
 Provided that from y' day of y= Date hereof to y= full end and terme 
 of two years and a halfe the said Robert Wade shall have liberty to 
 reimburst what moneyes he have already received of ye Levie raised 
 in this County toward y" Purchasing and Building of said Houses; 
 Upon all which this Court doth Engage to make y" said Wade a firme 
 and sure Title to said Houses and to give him lawfull and quiete Pos- 
 session thereof." 
 
 " James Saunderlaine for himselfe his heires and Assignes doe 
 Promise this Court a Convenient Peece of Land in y« Town of Chester 
 where they may Erect a Court house and Prison and to make a firme 
 title of y" same to y= Proper use and Behoofe of this County.'' 
 
 The lately erected buildings may have been found in- 
 adequate to the growing wants of the county. 
 
 The first court, under the name of a Court of Equity for 
 Chester County, was held in this month, by the justices of 
 the Common Pleas, under the title of Commissioners, as 
 will be seen by the following extract from the record : 
 
 " Att a Court of Equity held att Chester the 5"" day in the 1" 
 week of the lO"" month 1686. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 31 
 
 " CommiBsioners present : — John Blunstone, John Simcooke, George 
 Maria, Bartholomew Coppook, Samnel Levis, Robert Wade, Robert 
 Pile.— Robert Byre Clerk." 
 
 Only two causes were tried, in each of which the plain- 
 tiff obtained a modificatron of the award of the Common 
 Pleas. 
 
 Dr. Smith remarks : 
 
 " Grand juries, which, for two or three years after the establishment 
 of Penn's government, were hardly regarded as a necessity in the ad- 
 ministration of justice, had now assumed an importance scarcely 
 equaled by the court itself. Both public wants and the neglect of 
 official duties were promptly brought to the notice of the court, while 
 evil-doera could scarcely hope to escape their scrutinizing vigilance. 
 But holding office during the whole year, this vigilance, after a time, 
 degenerated, in each grand juror, into a kind of Quaker Puritanical 
 surveillance, and subjected to the exposure of judicial investigation 
 every slight departure from strict moral rectitude. Many matters 
 were presented that had better been rectified by the kind offices of the 
 friends of the party ; or from the evils that resulted from their expo- 
 sure, been allowed to pass into oblivion unnoticed. If there was any- 
 thing to make the practice tolerable, it was the impartiality with 
 which it was exercised; the justices of the court and even grand 
 jurors themselves were sometimes the subjects of these presentments." 
 
 March, 1687-88. " The names of y" Constaples Chosen 
 to serve y" next ensuing year, 
 
 " ffor Burmingham — Rich ird Thatcher. 
 Concord — William Collett. 
 
 Chichester — Richard Buffington, attested in Court. 
 Ashtone — John Neales. 
 
 Marple — George Williard, attested as above. 
 Springfield — Joseph Lounes, attested as above. 
 Darby — Samnel Sellars. 
 Middletowne — Robert Pennell. 
 Upper Providence — John Calvert. 
 Newtowne — Joseph Humphreyes." 
 
 The first Orphans' Court under that name was " held att 
 Chester on y' 3* day in y« 1st weeke of y' 8'" month, 1687." 
 
 According to Proud, considerable excitement was caused 
 in Chester County in 1688 by a report of Indian outrages, 
 including the murder of three families. It was said there 
 were five hundred warriors ^encamped at an Indian town 
 on Brandywine, who designed to fall upon the English. 
 A Friend (supposed to have been Caleb Pusey) offered to 
 go to the camp if five others were named to accompany 
 him, and to proceed without weapons. On their arrival 
 they found the Indian king lying with a lame foot on the 
 ground, his head on a pillow, the women at work and the 
 children at play. They were displeased that such a report 
 had been raised, as they had nothing against the English. 
 Proud intimates that the investigating party were members 
 of Council, but Caleb Pusey was not a member in that 
 year. 
 
 LIST OP LAND-HOLDERS, 1689. 
 
 The following list of land-holders appears to have been 
 prepared by or under the direction of Governor John Black- 
 well, about the year 1689, and it serves in a manner to 
 indicate the extent of the settlements at that time, though 
 it cannot be said to be complete, while many of those whose 
 names are given did not reside on the land. There are 
 evidently many errors in the spelling of the names, which 
 are given as in the original : 
 
 "An Alphabeticall List of Lands taken up by several purchasers, 
 Renters and old Renters within the County of Chester, and the 
 Quantityes certifyed by Rob : Longshore to be taken up by them 
 respectivBly Ac :viz. 
 
 AORSS. 
 
 Charles Ashcomb 330 
 
 Robert Adams 300 
 
 Joseph Allabon & Rob. 
 
 Borrois 300 
 
 Eutia Anderson, loAeat 197 
 
 John Blunston 100 
 
 John Blunston, 1 
 
 Sam'I Bradshaw, and > 900 
 
 Tho. Worth, J 
 
 John Blunston 330 
 
 Michael Blunston and Luke 
 
 Hank 607 
 
 John Bound 500 
 
 Tho. Bracy 600 
 
 Tho. Bracy 300 
 
 Cha. & John Beaxen 750 
 
 Richard Bonsall 300 
 
 John Bandbig 300 
 
 Michael Blunston 200 
 
 Wm. Barnet 200 
 
 Edw'dBlack, Hen. Slayton. SCO 
 
 Edward Bcazer 500 
 
 Jos. Bushell 140 
 
 Wm. Beazer 150 
 
 John Beale; 200 
 
 James Browne 200 
 
 Wm. Byard 200 
 
 Wm. Bostick 500 
 
 Tho. Bracy 1000 
 
 Edw'd Beazer 500 
 
 Jos. Bushell 110 
 
 John Buckley 350 
 
 John BrinsdOD 625 
 
 Wm.Brinton 500 
 
 Wm Brinton, neiopunhaee, 400 
 
 Joel Bayly 125 
 
 John Bristow 490 
 
 Mary Baker, Ac 200 
 
 Thomas Bracy 1500 
 
 Tho. Barker & Company... 4000 
 
 Tho. Bowman 1006 
 
 John Beale, late Wm. Wood- 
 
 ntansey 100 
 
 John Brazar 500 
 
 James Browne 116 
 
 Bufiington A Hastings 400 
 
 Wm. Beach 490 
 
 Tho. Barker 1000 
 
 Sabian Coles 1000 
 
 Arthur Cook 1500 
 
 Edward Cartilage 150 
 
 Joshua Clayton 100 
 
 Edm'd Cartilage 100 
 
 Rebecka Cordwell 150 
 
 Randall Croxon 150 
 
 John Colbert & Company, 
 
 @ 1 penny ^ acre 800 
 
 Tho. Coborne 317 
 
 Rich. Crosby 380 
 
 Rich. Crosby 370 
 
 Edw'd Carter 250 
 
 William Cecil 125 
 
 Wm. Clowd 150 
 
 William Clowd 500 
 
 Jcrem. Collett 200 
 
 Wm. Collett 100 
 
 Oliver Cope 250 
 
 Richard Collet 1000 
 
 Ja. Claypoole ." 1000 
 
 Tho. Coborne 175 
 
 Chichester 1500 
 
 Between Childe & Olbert.... 700 
 Jerem. Collet and neigh- 
 bours 
 
 Jerem. Collet; 250 
 
 Tho. Clifton 100 
 
 Barthol. Coppock 400 
 
 Calcon Hook 1000 
 
 Carcus Hook 400 
 
 John Button 600 
 
 Peter Dicks, at Brandywine 
 
 creek 250 
 
 Tho. Elles '. 200 
 
 Phillip England 500 
 
 John Edge 150 
 
 Wm. Edward, adrf.^aci-e. 100 
 
 Nath'l Evans 300 
 
 Joshua Fertyes 250 
 
 Walter Fosset 200 
 
 Richard Few 227 
 
 Owen Folk 200 
 
 Mary Fincher 965 
 
 Edward Gibbs 200 
 
 Geo. Gleaves & Peter Lester 260 
 
 Tho. Garrat 100 
 
 ACRES. 
 
 Geo. Gibbons 150 
 
 John Gibbons 100 
 
 Wm. Garrat 492 
 
 The Governor's man 200 
 
 Israel Hobs, Sam'I Selaw, 
 
 and Hen. Gibbons 200 
 
 Tho. Hood 160 
 
 John Howell 400 
 
 William Howell 200 
 
 Jonathan Hayes 600 
 
 John Hough 126 
 
 Tho. Hood 100 
 
 Wm. Hudson 200 
 
 Joseph Humfrey 100 
 
 John Hodskins 250 
 
 Luke Hank 200 
 
 Joshua Hasting 340 
 
 John Houlson 200 
 
 John Hodskin 100 
 
 John Hodskin 250 
 
 Francis H.irrison 250 
 
 John Hulbert 200 
 
 Wm. Hanks 100 
 
 Jno. Harding, now Benj. 
 
 Mendinhall 260 
 
 John Haslegrove 500 
 
 Wm. Hitchcock 250 
 
 John Henrickson 500 
 
 Hastings & Bufiington, see 
 
 B. 
 
 Wm. Johnson 150 
 
 Bliz. Jarvis 150 
 
 John Jones, ^ Patent....... 500 
 
 Griffith Jones 1920 
 
 Michael Izard 400 
 
 Herman Johnson 100 
 
 Rich. Ingelo ^ Patent 600 
 
 Sam'I Jobson, ^ Patent 1000 
 
 John Kinsman 360 
 
 John Kinsman 260 
 
 Ja. Keri.erly 380 
 
 Tho. King 200 
 
 Charles Lee, at \d. ^ aci-e. 100 
 
 [more at lOrf. ^ annum.. 80 
 
 Eben Longford 600 
 
 Jane Lownes 150 
 
 Sam'I Levitt 492 
 
 Peter Lounder 100 
 
 PetPr Lester, see Georye 
 
 Gleaven 
 
 George Maris, ^ Patent,... 400 
 
 Hen. Madock 800 
 
 Hen. Madock 300 
 
 Tho. Menshall 300 
 
 Randall Mallen 260 
 
 John March 340 
 
 John Martin 350 
 
 Oswin Musgrave 100 
 
 Tho. Mercer, at Id. ^ acre. 100 
 
 Mary Moore 250 
 
 Mary Mews 100 
 
 John Mendinhall 300 
 
 Rich. March 2000 
 
 John Cornelius Morton 760 
 
 Walter Martin 600 
 
 Geo. Maris 580 
 
 John & Joseiih Moore, ) ,„„„ 
 
 ^ Patent, J " ^""" 
 
 John Nickson 300 
 
 Tho. Narby 175 
 
 John Nickson 70 
 
 John Neld 250 
 
 Nich. Newland 500 
 
 John Otter 500 
 
 David Ogden 200 
 
 .Toseph Potter 150 
 
 Tho. Person 350 
 
 Jos. Poker 100 
 
 Tho. Powell 170 
 
 Jos. Powell 125 
 
 Tho. Powell 130 
 
 Caleb Pusey 1150 
 
 John Prisner 180 
 
 Robert Piles 160 
 
 Nathaniel Parker 200 
 
 Jos. Phips 200 
 
 John Palmer 100 
 
 Rob. Pile 100 
 
 Caleb Pusey, ^ i'afeiK 100 
 
 George Pearce 490 
 
 Wm. Pritchett & Henrick... 100 
 
 Andrew Robinson 500 
 
 Andr. Robinson 700 
 
 Rob. Robertson, at Id. ^ 
 
 acre 150 
 
32 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 AOREB 
 
 Allen Robonet 400 
 
 Jos. Richards 500 
 
 Dennis Roohford 600 
 
 Phillip Bumin 100 
 
 Phillip Richards 500 
 
 Thomas Rouse 300 
 
 Tho. Rudyard, ^ Patent.... 1200 
 
 Beeoe Rhithry, ^ Patent... 250 
 
 Wm. Smith 60 
 
 Wm. Smith 450 
 
 Wm. Shurley 620 
 
 Geo. Simcock 492 
 
 John Simcock 1100 
 
 Jos. Stead > an 125 
 
 Eliz. Steadman, @ Id. ^ 
 
 acre ; 60 
 
 Francis Stanfield .' 600 
 
 John Simcock 1100 
 
 Daniel Souther 260 
 
 Wm. Shurley & Wm. Wood. 3380 
 
 John Sharpies, ^ Patent... 240 
 
 John Sharpies, %, Patent... 330 
 
 James Swafer 500 
 
 Geo. Smedley 250 
 
 John Sharpies, ^ Patent... 300 
 
 Fran. Smith 300 
 
 Rob. S uthry..., 150 
 
 Geo. Stroud 300 
 
 John Simcock 1500 
 
 Rob. Southry 100 
 
 Rob. Stephens 250 
 
 Rob. Summer 490 
 
 Wm. Smith 600 
 
 Rich. Snead 1276 
 
 Society 5000 
 
 John Simcock 100 
 
 ACRES 
 
 Humfry South, ^ Patent... 920 
 
 Rob. Taylor „ 560 
 
 Rob. Taylor 400 
 
 Wm. Taylor 350 
 
 Peter Taylor 360 
 
 Tho. Taylor 400 
 
 Geo. Thompson 200 
 
 Edward Turtier 124 
 
 Henrick Torton 350 
 
 Richard Tucker 100 
 
 Thos. & Randall Vernon.... 600 
 
 Robert Vernon 330 
 
 Upland Township 2000 
 
 John Vancullen 50 
 
 The 2 300 
 
 George Wood, p Patent.... 656 
 
 Tho. Whethy 150 
 
 Geo. Willard .300 
 
 Pet. Worrall 300 
 
 Geo. Wood 350 
 
 Wm. Wood 300 
 
 Geo. Woodyard 200 
 
 Anth. Weaver 125 
 
 John Worrall, at 12d. ^ Ot. 
 
 Acres 260 
 
 Gilbert WoUomb 250 
 
 Barnaby Wilcox 500 
 
 Robert Wade, p Patent 
 
 Wheat 680 
 
 Robert Wade, P Patent 
 
 Wheat 230 
 
 Wm. Woodmansee, ^ Pat- 
 ent 100 
 
 Tho. Wither 500 
 
 Francis Yarnall 100 
 
 In 1691 the three lower counties were separated from 
 the province, much to the regret of the proprietary. He 
 appears, however, to have yielded his assent to the separa- 
 tion, by commissioning Thomas Lloyd as governor of the 
 latter, and William Markham of the former. 
 
 October, 1691. " The want of a prison baring been presented by 
 the Grand jury it was this Court debated concerning the building of 
 a new prison and work bouse for felons ; and it was agreed by the 
 Court that one should be builded, eighteen foot and twenty-six foot, 
 all builded of stone, and John Bristow and James Sandilands are in- 
 trusted and impowered by tho Court as near as they can to complete 
 the charges and make return of the same at the next County Court." 
 
 It will be seen that this order of court was not carried 
 into eflfect. 
 
 It was not uncommon for the court to notice abusive 
 words spoken against any of its members. This practice 
 was in accordance with the spirit of the times, but was evi- 
 dently unattended by any beneficial results. A case such 
 as the following could hardly be allowed to pass unnoticed 
 at the present time : 
 
 1 692. " J M was called to the bar to jinawer a presentment 
 
 of the Grand Jury, for abusing John Bristow and John Simcock, two 
 of the King and Queen's Justices of the peace, in calling them a pack 
 
 of Rogues, and the Jury was called & the said M ■ did then, in open 
 
 Court, affirm that the said partya was two of the greatest rogues that 
 ever came to America. Whereupon the Court gave judgment that he 
 
 pay a fine of five pounds <t; Costs of suit, Ac. The said M was 
 
 also fined 5». for swearing." 
 
 From the following proceedings, in respect to laying out 
 a road in Chester, it may be inferred that a public dial was 
 set up in that town. 
 
 Upon petition of James Lownes and others, the grand 
 jury was authorized " to lay out a road to the Dyall post 
 straitway to the road for the convenience of both town 
 and country.'' This road was laid out and returned as 
 follows : 
 
 " Beginning at the Dyall post and so running south 22 degrees 
 West to low water mark; then beginning again at tho Dyall post 
 
 aforesaid thence running North 22 degrees, East up the King's road, 
 which said road or street is to contain thirty foot in breadth, and the 
 said Dyall post is to be the western bounds thereof." 
 
 The same grand jury, at the same court, made what they 
 are pleased to term " a return of a road to Thornbury ." 
 Being brief, the " return" is given as another specimen of 
 the manner these early road-viewers performed their duties : 
 
 " Beginning at a marked tree by Edward Carters, which was marked 
 by a former Grand Jury, and so along a line of marked trees to John 
 Baldwin's fence, and then by John's consent over a corner thereof 
 through a corner of his field and so along to a black oak, being s, 
 corner of John Nield's land, and from thence down to John Nields 
 field and by his consent over a corner thereof, and so through the 
 creek, and up the hill, by Gilbert Williams' Barn." 
 
 The order for the erection of a new jail and work -house, 
 made by the court in 1691, does not appear to have been 
 enforced, and the grand jury again presents the want of 
 such a building. The court having considered this action 
 of the grand inquest, " agreed forthwith to build a prison," 
 and did " order John Simcock & John Bristow to take care 
 for the building of the same ; and that the sheriff take care 
 to levie the fines due to the public in order to defray the 
 charges of the prison." 
 
 The following order for a levy, made at the January 
 court of the following year, will show that the sheriff had 
 not been very successful in the collection of " fines due the 
 public :" 
 
 '* Whereas the Grand jury have taken into consideration, the neces- 
 sity of a prison, and the defraying of the charge of the county, have 
 unanymously agreed to lay a levie for defraying the said charges as 
 followeth, viz : Upon every male white and black from 16 to 60, 3«. 
 
 every hundred acres belonging to persons resident, 3« , — and upon 
 
 every 100 acres belonging to persons non-resident, is. 6d. ; and the 
 Court considering of it agreed to the same, and doth order that forth- 
 with warrants be issued out of the levie, the same in every township, 
 by the respective constables, one moiety to be paid, at or before the 
 next County Court ; and the other moiety, at or before the first of the 
 9th month following ; and the constables shall [hold] a town's meeting 
 to make assessment for levying the same ; and when account is taken 
 of Males and Lands, to return a duplicate of the same to Chester or 
 Darby, when we will be at both places, for the ease of the country. 
 Justices met to receive the same, upon the 13th day of the 12^^ mo. 
 next." 
 
 This is the first instance in levying a poll-tax, where no 
 distinction has been made between freemen and servants. 
 
 It might be supposed that the prompt erection of the 
 new jail was now a matter of certainty, but it does not ap- 
 pear that the above levy was ever made ; owing, it is prob- 
 able, to the desperate condition of the affairs of the propri- 
 etary ; for it was about this time that the king and queen 
 took the government of the province out of his hands, and 
 commissioned Benjamin Fletcher, the Governor of New 
 fork, to be , captain-general of Pennsylvania and the ter- 
 ritories annexed. Be this as it may, a minute of the De- 
 cember court, 1693, shows that another levy was authorized 
 for the erection of the new prison. It is in these words: 
 
 "The Grand Jury presepted the want of a prison in the county, 
 and they have given in their judgment, that one hundred and fifty 
 pounds will defray the charge — the order of the Court Is that there 
 shall be a levy forthwith for the raising of the sum for the defraying 
 of the said charge." 
 
 At a court of petty sessions, held at the house of John 
 Hodgkins, ut Chester, early in the next year, an assessment 
 was authorized for raising one hundred and fifty pounds for 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 33 
 
 defraying the charge of the new jail, " at the true value of 
 two pence per pound upon the real and personal estates of 
 all the inhabitants of this county, seasable by the first act 
 of the new laws — all freemen 6s. per head." This is the 
 first ad valorem assessment made within our limits. 
 
 In 1693 a provincial tax was levied of one penny per 
 pound on estates, and six shillings per head upon freemen. 
 The list of taxables in Chester County at that time is in- 
 teresting, as showing who were then our citizens. The 
 original list is in possession of the Pennsylvania Historical 
 Society. 
 
 LIST OF TAXABLES, 1693. 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF ASH- 
 TOWNE. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Thomas Oiirtright 00 02 06 
 
 John Neales 00 06 08 
 
 John Baldtrin 00 02 06 
 
 Nathaniell Kiohards... 00 02 06 
 
 Edward Carter 00 04 02 
 
 JohnBeales 00 02 06 
 
 Charles Brookes UO 06 00 
 
 Jeremiah Langlj 00 02 06 
 
 William Browne 00 02 06 
 
 1 11 10 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF BEATH- 
 ELL. 
 
 John Gibbons 
 
 Robert Pile 
 
 Joseph Bushell 
 
 Nickoles Pile 
 
 Edward Beazer 
 
 Robert Eyre 
 
 Thomas Garrett 
 
 Edward Beazer for ] 
 
 James Howard.. J 
 Robert Eyre for Tho- ) 
 
 mas Copper J 
 
 ■ £ t. d. 
 00 08 04 
 00 08 04 
 00 06 00 
 00 04 02 
 00 08 04 
 00 04 02 
 00 02 06 
 
 00 06 00 
 00 06 00 
 
 2 13 10 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF BURN- 
 INQHAM. 
 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 Peter Dix 
 
 ... 00 03 04 
 
 Richard Thatcher.... 
 
 ... 00 03 04 
 
 Jonathan Thatcher... 
 
 ... 00 02 06 
 
 John Bennett 
 
 ... 00 02 06 
 
 William Branton Jr. 
 
 ... 00 02 06 
 
 William Branton Sr. 
 
 ... 00 04 02 
 
 John Davis 
 
 .. 00 02 06 
 
 Samuell Scott 
 
 .. 00 02 06 
 
 Jonathan Compton.. 
 
 ... 00 02 06 
 
 John Joans 
 
 .. 00 06 00 
 
 
 1 10 10 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP 
 
 OF CHES- 
 
 TEB. 
 
 
 £ t. d. 
 
 Robert Wade 01 05 00 
 
 James Sanderlenes 00 12 06 
 
 Peter Baynton 00 08 04 
 
 John Bristow 00 08 04 
 
 JohnChilde 00 05 10 
 
 Caleb Puzy and Mill... 00 10 00 
 
 David Loyd 00 04 02 
 
 Albert Hendrixson 00 05 00 
 
 Jacobus Hendrixson... 00 02 08 
 
 John Hodgskins 00 04 02 
 
 Robert Barber 00 02 09 
 
 Joseph Coubourn 00 04 02 
 
 Thomas Coubourn 00 02 09 
 
 William Coubourn 00 02 09 
 
 ffrances Baldwin 00 02 09 
 
 ffranoes Worlye 00 02 11 
 
 Isack ffew 00 03 04 
 
 George Churchman.... 00 02 08 
 
 Andrew Jobe 00 02 08 
 
 Thomas Baldwin 00 02 08 
 
 Jeremiah Carter 00 02 07 
 
 Thomas Brasyes Estate 00 02 11 
 5 
 
 ' 00 06 00 
 
 't''n^h":e:.!.°.'.:!}o»o«»'' 
 •'iixtd:!:!:::]"""^"" 
 
 ^''FnH^n'/'''""'^'""-}00 06 00 
 Jbugland J 
 
 Isack ffew for Samuel I 
 
 Noyes J 
 
 Samuell Bishop 00 06 00 
 
 Joseph Richards 00 02 09 
 
 ffrances Little Estate... 00 02 06 
 
 7 16 2 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF CHICH- 
 ESTER. 
 
 £ B. d. 
 
 George fforeman 01 05 00 
 
 Jeremiah Collett 00 08 04 
 
 Philip Rumen 00 08 04 
 
 John Kinggman 00 08 04 
 
 Thomas Weithers 00 08 04 
 
 Richard Buffinton 00 08 04 
 
 William Clayton 00 05 00 
 
 William Talle. 00 06 00 
 
 Walter Marten 00 06 00 
 
 James Browne 00 08 04 
 
 James Browne for Ja. ] «« no a^ 
 
 Sanderling Estate... J °'' "^ "* 
 
 Rogger Smyth 00 06 00 
 
 William fflower 00 06 00 
 
 Henery Hasteings 00 02 06 
 
 Henery Hames 00 02 06 
 
 Henery hames for Na-1„ 
 
 thaniell Lampley... J 
 
 John Hurlbert.. 
 William Hawkes.. 
 Jacob Chandler.... 
 William Thomas.. 
 
 Woolle Rason 
 
 James Whitaker... 
 ffrances Chadsey... 
 James Chifers.. 
 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 
 06 00 
 06 00 
 08 04 
 02 06 
 08 04 
 02 06 
 08 04 
 06 00 
 
 Jeremiah Collett for 
 Will, ffleming 
 
 Jacob Chandler for 
 humphrey Jonson. 
 
 William Hawkes fori 
 
 I 00 06 00 
 "^ I 00 06 00 
 
 2 freemen, Jleorge [ gg jj ^g 
 
 01 
 
 Chandler & Edward j 
 
 ffoord J 
 
 James Widdows 00 
 
 James Brown for four } 
 
 freemen J 
 
 Charles Rawson 00 
 
 William Hues Planta- 
 tion 00 
 
 John Beazer 00 
 
 ffrances Harrison 00 
 
 06 00 
 04 00 
 02 06 
 
 06 00 
 08 04 
 12 06 
 
 12 11 2 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP , OF CON- 
 CORD. 
 
 £ ». d. 
 
 William Cloud 00 03 04 
 
 Richard Moore 00 02 06 
 
 William Collett 00 08 04 
 
 George Strowd 00 02 06 
 
 John Greene 00 03 00 
 
 John Palmer 00 02 06 
 
 Goden Walter 00 02 06 
 
 John Hannums 00 03 00 
 
 William Rowe 00 02 06 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 Thomas Moore 00 02 06 
 
 Thomas King 00 02 06 
 
 Nickoles Newland 00 04 02 
 
 John Newland 00 02 06 
 
 Nathaniell Newland... 00 04 02 
 
 John Mendinghall 00 02 06 
 
 Benjamin Mendinghall 00 03 00 
 
 Edward Jennings 00 06 00 
 
 Evan David 00 06 00 
 
 ^T „M''".**°g''*" I 00 06 00 
 for Tho. hoope J 
 
 3 09 6 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF DAR- 
 BYE. 
 
 £ I. d. 
 
 Joseph Wood 00 08 04 
 
 John Blunston 00 10 00 
 
 John. Wood 00 08 04 
 
 Josiah fferne 00 06 00 
 
 Henery Gibbens 00' 02 06 
 
 Thomas Worth 00 06 00 
 
 Nickoles lerland 00 02 06 
 
 Richard Bonsall 00 08 04 
 
 Robert Nevlor 00 02 06 
 
 John Marshall 00 04 02 
 
 Samuell Sellers 00 06 00 
 
 John Hood, junior 00 02 06 
 
 Adam Roades 00 06 00 
 
 John Kirke 00 04 02 
 
 Robert Smyth 00 02 06 
 
 Anthony Morgan 00 03 04 
 
 Samuell Bradshaw 00 06 00 
 
 Thomas Bradshaw 00 06 00 
 
 William Garrett 00 06 00 
 
 Mickell Blunston 00 06 00 
 
 Thomas Coates 00 02 06 
 
 Samuell Levis 00 08 04 
 
 Joseph Need 00 06 08 
 
 Edmund Cartlige 00 06 08 
 
 John Hollwell 00 06 00 
 
 John hood senior 00 06 00 
 
 William Smyth 00 05 00 
 
 Thomas Hood 00 03 04 
 
 John Smyth 00 05 00 
 
 Thomas Smyth 00 06 00 
 
 John Bartram 00 08 04 
 
 Richard Parker 00 06 00 
 
 Thomas ffox 00 06 00 
 
 Little Morten ..; 00 04 02 
 
 Mounce Stalker 00 04 02 
 
 Hance Urin 00 04 02 
 
 Swan Boone 00 04 02 
 
 John Ball 00 06 00 
 
 Daniell Hibbett 00 06 00 
 
 Josiah Hibbett 00 06 00 
 
 Thomas Smyth for a I ^^ ^^ „„ 
 
 freman J 
 
 11 04 8 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF EDGE- 
 MENT. 
 
 £ a. d. 
 
 Thomas Worolaw 00 04 02 
 
 John Worolaw 00 04 02 
 
 Joseph Baker 00 02 06 
 
 Philip Yarnell 00 03 04 
 
 John Holston 00 02 06 
 
 John Golden 00 02 06 
 
 Rogger Jackson 00 02 06 
 
 Joseph Baker for I g g„ 
 
 John fox J 
 
 1 07 8 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF HAVER- 
 FORD. 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 John Bevan 00 04 02 
 
 William Howell 00 03 04 
 
 Morris Lewellin. .....;.. 00 03 04 
 
 Thomas Reese «00 02 06 
 
 William Lewis OiO 04 00 
 
 John Richard 00 02 06 
 
 Humphry Ellis 00 02 06 
 
 Ellis Ellis 00 02 09 
 
 Ralph Lewis 00 02 06 
 
 William Jenken 00 03 09 
 
 Daniell humphry 00 03 04 
 
 David Lawrance 00 03 00 
 
 Lewis David 00 02 06 
 
 John Lewis 00 03 04 
 
 Henery Lewis 00 04 02 
 
 (£ a. d. 
 
 John Lewis Junior 00 02 06 
 
 Richard Hayes 00 03 07 
 
 Benjamin Humphry..,. 00 02 08 
 
 Wmiam Howell for ) „„ ^g „„ 
 
 Tho. Owen J 
 
 Richard Hayes for 1 gg gg gg 
 
 David Lewis J 
 
 John Bevan for Evan) gg gg gg 
 
 William J 
 
 3 14 5 
 
 THE TOWNBSHIP OF MAR- 
 POOLE. 
 
 £ ». d. 
 
 Jonathan Hayes 00 08 04 
 
 Petter Worroll 00 02 06 
 
 .Tames Standfilds Es- 
 tate 00 02 07 
 
 William Huntly 00 02 06 
 
 John Person 00 02 06 
 
 Thomas Person 00 03 00 
 
 Ralph Dralcutt 00 03 00 
 
 George Williard 00 02 06 
 
 Thomas Marcy 00 02 06 
 
 John Howell 00 02 06 
 
 Joseiah Taylor 00 02 06 
 
 David Morris 00 02 06 
 
 Henery Cadman 00 06 00 
 
 John Shaw 00 06 0« 
 
 John hoopes 00 06 00 
 
 2 14 11 
 
 THE TOWNESHIP OF MID- 
 DLETOWNB. 
 
 £ ». d. 
 
 Richard Crosbye 00 04 02 
 
 John Musgrove 00 02 08 
 
 Moses Musgrove, free- 
 man 00 06 00 
 
 John Turner 00 02 07 
 
 David Ogden 00 02 06 
 
 Robert Pennell 00 03 04 
 
 John Marten 00 02 10 
 
 Richard Barnard 00 02 07 
 
 Joseph Jervis, freeman. 00 06 00 
 William Simson, free- 
 man 00 06 00 
 
 George Smedlye 00 02 07 
 
 John Worroll". 00 03 09 
 
 Thomas Martin 00 02 06 
 
 William Edwards 00 02 06 
 
 2 10 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF NEW 
 TOWNE. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Jenkin Grifeth 00 02 06 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF NEI- 
 THER PROVIDENCE. 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 Thomas Varnon 00 03 04 
 
 Randell Varnon 00 03 04 
 
 Robert Varnon 00 03 04 
 
 John Edge 00 02 06 
 
 Thomas Minshall 00 03 04 
 
 Joseph Edge, freeman. 00 06 00 
 
 1 01 10 
 
 THE TOWNESHIP OF UPPER 
 PROVIDENCE. 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 Thomas Powell 00 05 00 
 
 Petter Taylor 00 03 04 
 
 John Colvert 00 02 06 
 
 Thomas Joans 00 03 04 
 
 George Woodyard 00 03 04 
 
 Randall Mallin 00 02 06 
 
 William Swaford 00 02 06 
 
 Allen Robinetts Estate 00 02 06 
 
 William Mallin 00 02 06 
 
 Joseph Taylor 00 02 06 
 
 William Mallin for 1 gg gg gg 
 Wm., Biram j 
 
 1 16 00 
 
 THE TOWNBSHIP OF RAD- 
 NER. 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 John Evans 00 03 09 
 
 David Merideth 00 05 10 
 
34 
 
 HISTOK¥ OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 JohnEvon,' 00 02 06 
 
 John Jarman 00 03 08 
 
 John Morgan 00 02 08 
 
 William David 00 02 07 
 
 Richard Armes 00 04 04 
 
 Mathew Joans 00 02 06 
 
 Howell James 00 03 08 
 
 Philip Evan 00 03 07 
 
 David Evan 00 03 05 
 
 William Davis 00 02 07 
 
 Samuel Miles 00 02 09 
 
 Richard Miles 00 02 10 
 
 Evan Prothero.. 00 03 07 
 
 John Richard 00 02 07 
 
 Stephan Bevan 00 03 09 
 
 Thomas Johns 00 02 08 
 
 2 19 3 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF RIDLEY. 
 
 £ 8. a. 
 
 John Simoock 00 12 06 
 
 John Sharpies 00 03 04 
 
 Walter ffo.=ett 00 02 06 
 
 Charles Whitiiker 00 02 06 
 
 John Stedman 00 02 06 
 
 Jacob Simoock 00 03 04 
 
 John Orion 00 02 06 
 
 Morten Morteni=on 00 04 02 
 
 Alexsander Deverix.... 00 06 00 
 
 Tinioum Island 00 10 00 
 
 John Bartleson 00 02 06 
 
 John Hendrixson 00 03 04 
 
 Hendrick Taton 00 03 04 
 
 Andrew Hendrixson... 00 03 04 
 
 John Cooke 00 03 04 
 
 JohnVanculin 00 02 06 
 
 Reynere Petterson 00 03 04 
 
 Edward Priohett 00 03 04 
 
 WiddowNeales 00 03 04 
 
 John Parker 00 02 06 
 
 4 00 2 
 
 THE TOWNESHIP OF 
 SPRINQFILD. 
 
 Bartholomew Coppock 
 
 Junior 00 
 
 Robert Taylor 00 
 
 Bartholomew Coppock 
 
 Senior 00 
 
 George Marris Senior.. 00 
 
 George Marris Junior.. 00 
 
 Isack Taylor 00 
 
 Joseph Stedman 00 
 
 ffrances Yarnell 00 
 
 Petter Lister 00 
 
 Petter Thomas 00 
 
 Joseph' Kent for hen- 1 qq 
 
 ery Maddock J 
 
 George Simcocke 00 
 
 George Lownes 00 
 
 2 10 8 
 
 THE TOWNESHIP OF 
 THOUNBURY. 
 
 £ !. d. 
 
 George Pearce 00 03 04 
 
 Edward Bennett 00 02 06 
 
 John Willis 00 02 06 
 
 Richard Woodworth.... 00 02 06 
 Joseph Selsbee 00 06 00 
 
 £0 16 10 
 
 07 
 
 06 
 
 03 
 
 04 
 
 03 
 
 04 
 
 06 
 
 08 
 
 02 
 
 08 
 
 02 
 
 08 
 
 02 
 
 10 
 
 03 
 
 04 
 
 82 
 
 06 
 
 02 
 
 06 
 
 08 
 
 04 
 
 02 
 
 06 
 
 02 
 
 06 
 
 AA''hole amount of taxables, 276. 
 
 The act under which this assessment was made provided 
 that no persons " shall be taxed by this act who have a great 
 charge of children, and become indigent in the world, and 
 are so far in Debt that the clear value of their Real and 
 personal estate does not amount to thirty pounds." 
 
 The following amounts were realized from this tax : 
 
 £ 
 
 County of Philadelphia 314 
 
 " New Castle 143 
 
 " Sussex 101 
 
 " Kent 88 
 
 " Chester 65 
 
 " Bucks 48 
 
 £760 
 
 8. 
 
 d. 
 
 n 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 00 
 
 01 
 
 09 
 
 02 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 07 
 
 04 
 
 01 
 
 16 
 
 SWEDISH INHABITANTS, 1693. 
 In Acrelius' " History of New Sweden," p. 190, is given 
 " An exact list and roll of all the men, women, and chil- 
 dren which are found and still live in New Sweden, now 
 called Pennsylvania, on the Delaware river." It appears 
 to have been prepared to send to Sweden with a letter from 
 Carl Christopherson Springer to Postmaster John Thelin, 
 dated May 31, 1693. The heads of families are given, 
 with the number composing the household. 
 
 Hindrich Anderson 5 
 
 Johan Andersson 9 
 
 Johan Andersson 7 
 
 Joran Anderson 5 
 
 John Arian 6 
 
 Joran Bagman 3 
 
 Anders Bengtsson 9 
 
 Bengt Bengtsson 2 
 
 Anders Bonde.. 11 
 
 Juhan Bonde 1 
 
 Lven Bonde 5 
 
 Lars Bure 8 
 
 William Cabb 6 
 
 Christian Classon 7 
 
 Jacob Classon 6 
 
 Jacob Clemssoo 1 
 
 Eric Cock 9 
 
 Gabriel Cock 7 
 
 Johan Cock 7 
 
 Capt. Lasse Cock 11 
 
 Mans Cock 8 
 
 Otto Ernst Cock 5 
 
 Hindrich Collman 1 
 
 Conrad Constantine 6 
 
 Johan Von Culen 5 
 
 OttoDahlbo 7 
 
 Peter Dahlbo 9 
 
 Hindric Danielsson 5 
 
 Thomas Dennis 6 
 
 Anders Didricsson 1 
 
 Olle Diricksson 7 
 
 Staphan Ekhorn 5 
 
 Eric Ericsson 1 
 
 Goran Ericsson 1 
 
 Matte Ericsson 3 
 
 Hindrich Faske 5 
 
 Casper Fisk .- 10 
 
 Mathias deFoss 6 
 
 Anders Frende 4 
 
 Nils Frendes (widow) 7 
 
 Olle Fransson 7 
 
 Eric Gastenberg 7 
 
 Nils Gastenberg 3 
 
 Eric Goransson 2 
 
 Brita Gostafsson 6 
 
 Gostaf Gostafsson 8 
 
 Hans Gostafsson 7 
 
 Jons Gostafsson 3 
 
 M&ns Gostafsson 2 
 
 Johan Grantrum 3 
 
 Lars Hailing 1 
 
 M4na Hallton 9 
 
 Israel Helm 5 
 
 Johan Hindersson, junior 3 
 
 Anders Hindricksson 4 
 
 David HindricsBon 7 
 
 Jacob Hindricsson 5 
 
 Johan Hindricsson 6 
 
 Johan Hindricksons 5 
 
 Matts Hollsten 7 
 
 Anders Homman 9 
 
 Anders Hoppman 7 
 
 Frederic Hoppman 7 
 
 Johan Hoppman 7 
 
 Nicholas lioppman 5 
 
 Hindrich Iwarsson 9 
 
 Hindrich Jacob 1 
 
 Matts Jacob 1 
 
 Hindrich Jacobsson 4 
 
 Peter Joccom 9 
 
 Didrich Johansson 5 
 
 Lars Johansson 6 
 
 Simon Johansson 10 
 
 Anders Jonsson 4 
 
 Jon Jonsson 2 
 
 M&ns Jonsson 3 
 
 Nils Jonsson 6 
 
 Thomas Jonsson 1 
 
 Christiern Joransson 1 
 
 Hans Joransson 11 
 
 Joran Joransson 1 
 
 Staphan Joransson 5 
 
 Lasse Kempe 6 
 
 Frederic Konig 6 
 
 M&rten Knutsson 6 
 
 Olle Kuokow 6 
 
 Hans Kyn's widow 5 
 
 Jonas Kyn 8 
 
 Matts Kyn 3 
 
 Nils Laican 5 
 
 And. Persson LongS,ker 7 
 
 Hindrich Larsson 6 
 
 Lars Larsson 7 
 
 Lars Larsson 1 
 
 Anders Lock 1 
 
 MAns Lock .\ 1 
 
 Antony Long 3 
 
 Robert Longhorn 4 
 
 Hans Lucasson 1 
 
 Lucas Lucasson 1 
 
 Peter Lucasson 1 
 
 Johan MAnsson 6 
 
 Peter M4nsson 3 
 
 Marten Mirtenson, junior 10 
 
 Marten MArtenson, senior 3 
 
 Mats M&rlenson 4 
 
 Johan Mattson 11 
 
 Nils Mattsson 3 
 
 Christopher Meyer 7 
 
 Paul Mink...., 5 
 
 Eric Molica 8 
 
 Anders Nilsson. 3 
 
 Jonas Nilsson 4 
 
 Michael Nilsson ^ H 
 
 Hans Olsson 5 
 
 Johan Ommerson 5- 
 
 Lorentz Ostersson 2 
 
 Hindrich Parchon 4 
 
 Bengt Paulsson 5 
 
 Gostaf Paulsson 6 
 
 die Paulsson 9 
 
 Peter PAlsson 5 
 
 Lars Pehrsson I 
 
 Olle Pehrsson... 6 
 
 Brita Petersson 8 
 
 Carl Petersson 5 
 
 Hans Petersson 7 
 
 Hans Petersson 5 
 
 Lars Petersson 1 
 
 Paul Petersson 3 
 
 Peter Petersson 3 
 
 Peter Stake, alias Petersson.. 3 
 
 Reiner Petersson... 2 
 
 Anders Rambo 9 
 
 Gunnar Bambo 6 
 
 Johan Rambo 6 
 
 Peter Rambo, junior 6 
 
 Peter Rambo, senior 2 
 
 Matts Repott 3 
 
 Nils Repott 3 
 
 Olle Resse 5 
 
 Anders Robertsson , 3 
 
 Paul Sahlunge 3 
 
 Isaac Savoy 7 
 
 Johan Schrage 6 
 
 Johan Scute 4 
 
 Anders Seneca 5 
 
 Broor Seneca 7 
 
 Jonas Skagge's Widow 6 
 
 Johan Skrika 1 
 
 Matts Skrika 3 
 
 Hindrich' Slobey 2 
 
 Carl Springer 5 
 
 M&ns Staake 1 
 
 Chierstin Stalcop 3 
 
 Johan Stalcop 6 
 
 Peter Stalcop 6 
 
 Israel Stark 1 
 
 Matts Stark 3 
 
 Adam Stedham 8 
 
 Asmund Stedham 5 
 
 Benjamin Stedham 7 
 
 Lucas Stedham 7 
 
 Lyloff Stedham 9 
 
 Johan Stille 8 
 
 Johan Stillman 5 
 
 Jonas Stillman 4 
 
 Peter Stillman 4 
 
 Olle Stobey 3 
 
 Gunner Srenson 5 
 
 Johan Svenson 9 
 
 William Talley 7 
 
 Elias Tay 4 
 
 Christiern Thomo's Widow.... 6 
 
 Olle Thomasson 9 
 
 Olle Thorsson 4 
 
 Hindrich Tossa ^ 
 
 Johan Tossa '. ^ 
 
 Lars Tossa 1 
 
 Matts Tossa ., 1 
 
 Cornelius van der Weer... 7 
 
 Jacob van der Weer 7 
 
 .lacob van der Weer 3 
 
 William van der Weei- 1 
 
 Jesper Wallraven 7 
 
 Jonas Wallraven 1 
 
 Anders Weinom ^ 
 
 Anders Wihler ^ 
 
 A list of those still living and born in Sweden ; 
 
 Peter Rambo, 1^ Have been here 
 
 Anders Bonde, / fifty-four years 
 
 Anders Bengtsson, 
 
 Sven Svenson, 
 
 Michael Nilsson, 
 
 M&ns Staake, 
 
 Marten Martenson, senior, 
 
 Carl Christ Springer, 
 
 Hindric Jacobson, 
 
 Jacob Clemsson, 
 
 Olof Rosse, 
 
 Hindric Andersson, 
 
 Hindric Iwarsson, 
 
 Simon Johansson, 
 
 Paul Mink, 
 
 Olof Paulsson, 
 
 Olof Petersson, 
 
 MArten Mirtenson, junior, 
 
 Eric Mollicka, 
 
 Nils Mattson, 
 
 Antony Long, 
 
 Israel Helm, 
 
 Anders Homan, 
 
 Olle DedricsBon, 
 
 Hans Petersson, t 
 
 Hindric Collman, 
 
III" 
 
 1 
 
 1 ji 
 
 
 
 
 * if P'" 
 
 'I9§ 
 m 
 
 mill r 
 
 m/" 1 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 35 
 
 Jona Giistafsson, 
 Mins Hallton, 
 Hans Olofsson, 
 Anders Seneoa, 
 Broor Seneoa, 
 Eskil Andersson, 
 Matta de Voss, 
 
 Johan Hendricsson, 
 Anders Weinom, 
 Stapban JSransson, 
 Olof Kinkorb, 
 Anders Didricsson, 
 Anders Mink.* 
 
 Among these " many Hollanders were also intermingled, 
 inasmuch as they now regarded themselves as one people." 
 
 It must be remembered that Swedish surnames, like the 
 Welsh, were reversible, and the termination son indicated 
 the child of; as, Olsson, the son, or child, of Olte. When 
 by contact with the English they were, in a measure, forced 
 to retain permanent surnames, these became much changed. 
 Bengtsson became Bankson ; Gbstafsson, Justis; Kyn, 
 Keen ; Didricsson, Derrickson ; etc. 
 
 John Arian of this list is Arian Johnson in Rudman's 
 list of 1698, and John Archer in English. His wife, 
 Gertrude, was a sister of Gabriel and Lasse Friend, who 
 appear to have been sons of Nils Larsson. John Archer, 
 of Ridley, was the grandfather of John Morton, the signer. 
 In the court records the name is also given Orion and Or- 
 chard. Gabriel Friend is also Gabriel Neals. 
 
 In Council, June 27, 1693 : 
 
 " Upon the petition of the inhabitants of Chester, to order the 
 division of the s* Countie from the Countie of New castle, for want 
 of which the petitioners Have long suffered : Ordered that one or two 
 persons of each Countie doe attend the Counoill the yth day of July 
 next, in order to inform the Conncill of the true state of that affair." 
 
 August 9th. Upon the petition, etc., — 
 
 "After full debate of the said matter, Besolved That, (for the pres- 
 ent Conreniencie of the government, and not for an absolute and final 
 proprietarie division, but that the Inhabitants on the borders of both 
 Counties may know to which of the two to pay their Leavies, taxes, 
 Ac, and performe their other Countie services,) The bounds of New 
 castle Countie ghall extend Northward to the mouth of Naman's creek, 
 and upwards along the South-west side of the northernmost branch, 
 (excluding%he Townsbipps of Concord & Bethell,) and not to extend 
 backwards of the said northermost ■ branch, above the s*^ two town- 
 sbipps," 
 
 March, 1694-5. The grand inquest, after having ex- 
 amined the accounts of the county^ recommend a levy of a 
 penny in a pound, which was ordered by the court, "/or 
 finishing the prison and defraying of the old debts & for 
 wolves heads ;" also for the relief of the poor. The grand 
 jury also on this occasion performed the duty of county 
 auditors, and " having examined Jeremiah Collet's [the 
 Treasurer's] accounts, finds them to be true accounts, and 
 finds him to be indebted to the county, the sum of eighteen 
 shillings and eleven pence, and the county to be indebted 
 to Thomas Smith the sum of 18 pounds 19s. and id." 
 The next grand jury held a meeting on the 2d of Octo- 
 ber, to consider the affairs of the county. The following 
 iateresting record of their proceedings is given at length : 
 
 " We the Grand Jury by the King's authority, finding that the 
 county is in debt by the accounts that the last Grand Jury presented ; 
 that the County Treasurer is out of purse, and others in the concerns 
 of the county charge; and that the prison is not yet finished, and 
 several wolve's beads to pay for : We the Grand Inquest have taken 
 it into our consideration to lay an assessment upon the county for to 
 pay the Judges expenses, which is to be paid to JosephWood, Sheriff 
 of Chester County, and what was disbursed by the said Treasurer of 
 said county concerning the building of the prison, and to finish the 
 
 * AareHut, p. 193. 
 
 said county prison, with as much expedition as may be, and the said 
 levy to be raised as foUoweth : — on all real and personal estates, at one 
 penny per pound and three shillings per head on freemen, (viz) every 
 acre of cleared land, and being in tillage, at one pound per acre; and 
 for every hundred acres of rough land by the river, at ten pounds per 
 hundred, and for every hundred acres in the woods, at five pounds 
 per hundred; for all horses and mares from three years old and up- 
 wards, at .3 pounds; for every colt one year old and upwards, 20 shil- 
 lings; for all cows and oxen, from three years old and upwards, £2 
 lOff. ; for all cattle one year old and upwards, at one pound; for all 
 sheep a year old and upwards, at six shillings a piece; for all male 
 negroes, from 16 years old and upwards, to sixty, 25£ per negro; for 
 all female negroes from 16 years old to sixty, at 20£ per negro; for 
 Chester mill at one hundred pounds, Joseph Cobourn's at £50, Darby 
 mill at one hundred pounds, Hartford [Haverford] mill at 20£ pounds. 
 Concord mill at 10£ pounds; Jasper Yoates for his estate and calling 
 200 pounds, Caleb Pusey for his estate and calling 100 pounds, Jere- 
 miah CoUett for his estate and calling 30 pounds, Nathaniel Newlin 
 for bis calling 20 pounds; all ordinary keepers, for their callings, 20 
 pounds; for all handicrafts that followeth no plantation for calling, 3 
 shillings a piece. — Subscribed by this present Grand Inquest." 
 
 While it is not presumed that the full value of property 
 is given in the assessment, the relative value may be relied 
 on as nearly correct. We thus see that cleared land, under 
 tillage, was ten times as valuable as unimproved land near 
 the river, and twenty times as valuable as unimproved 
 lands farther back, etc. 
 
 1696. "John Simoock brought in his account. — The 
 County of Chester debtor to John Simcock, for balance of 
 his account to the year 1695, the sum of £28 2s. John 
 Simcock debtor to the sale of the old Court house, the sum 
 of £57. — By balance remains due John Simoock £28 18s." 
 This must have been the court-house erected in 1685, the 
 expense of which does not as yet appear to have been fully 
 liquidated, as William Clayton makes complaint that " there 
 is due to him £1 8. Is. 6d. for his father's salary and work 
 on the old Court house." Nor is this remarkable, as by a 
 presentment of the grand jury, it is shown that taxes laid 
 on large tractg of land in 1685, for the erection of the 
 court-house and prison, were still due. 
 
 Another " penny per pound" tax was levied for the use 
 of the province in 1696, by which the sum of one hun- 
 dred and thirteen pounds four shillings and threepence 
 was raised in Chester County. The complete list of tax- 
 ables has not been met with, but the following names 
 are additional to those given for 1693 : 
 
 Aetnn : John Dutton, Eobert Carter, Bichard Barnard, Joseph 
 Bicbards, John Pennell. 
 
 Bethel : Thomas England, John Pennick, Edward Pennick, John 
 Garrett, Edward ffoord. 
 
 Birmingham ; William Vestal, ffrancis Chadsey, Henry Gunstone, 
 John Hutehings, John Beckingham, Daniel Davis, Edward Pavior, 
 Bichard Glasscocke. 
 
 Gheeler : Jasper Yeates, Henry Hollingsworth, James Swafi'er, John 
 Churchman, George Oldfleld, James Lowns, Thomas Bright, Henry 
 Worley, Edward Danger, William CoUes, John Maxfield, John Shard, 
 John Mackmiell, Thomas Cadry, Stephen Jackson, Edward Kennisou, 
 Joseph Edge, John Ward, John Clarke. 
 
 Chichester : Mary Trent, Bobert Jefferis, Lacy Bawson, Bichard 
 Bezer, Thomas Smith, Bobert Boman, William Hewes, Junior, Peter 
 Johnson, John Byres, John Chandler, Wffliam Flower, Swithin Chand- 
 ler, Henry Beynolda (land), Benjamin Ingram, Peter Closson, Jobanis 
 Bawson. 
 
 Concord: Joseph Edwards, Thomas Hall, Henry Obourne, Bobert 
 Chamberlin, Thomas Green, James Hayward, Bichard Farr, Edward 
 Joans, Thomas James, William Cooke, John Martin, Nicholas Pyle, 
 William Simson. 
 
36 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Edgmont : Abraham Beake?, Ephraim Jackson, William Gregory, 
 Moses Musgrove, John Worrall, Joseph Baker (2d), Joseph Selby. 
 
 Middletown : John Bowater, John Edwards, Joseph Gookson, Kich- 
 ard Woodward, Robert Woodward, Thomas Coebourno, Joel Baily, 
 Thomas Taylor. 
 
 Thornhury ! Isaac Taylor, Jonathan Thatcher, Joseph Hickman, 
 Benjamin Hickman, Thomas Eavenson. 
 
 Wcfttown : John Radlye, for Kichard Collett's Land and Plantation. 
 
 The whole number of taxables in these ten townships 
 was 182, being an increase of 42 over the number in 1693. 
 
 At court, December 14, 1697, Edward Bezer and Jeane 
 CoUett were " presented" for being unlawfully married 
 about the 13th of 9th mo., 1697. "Edward Bezer came 
 into the Court and prefered a petition and declared it was 
 throw ignorance and the Court considering of the same 
 ordered that he pay the charges of the court and to make 
 his addres to the Governour." 
 
 In March, 1697-98, Benjamin Ingram and Jane Hen- 
 drix were presented for being unlawfully married at the 
 house of James Brown, of Chichester, on the 4th of the 
 1st mo., 1698. The grand jury also presented John Childe 
 (clerk of the court), James Brown, Oner Brown, Ann 
 Bnffington, William Flower, Elizabeth Flower, James Mil- 
 ieu, Peter Johnson, Morton Curnoot, Thomas Chandler, 
 William Thomas, and James Brown's servant-maid for be- 
 ing witnesses to the said marriage. 
 
 At the July court, 1698, a deed was acknowledged by 
 John Hoskins to John Simcock, John Blunston, Samuel 
 Levis, Jasper Yeates, and Jonathan Hayes, the justices of 
 the county, " for all that piece of land whereon the new 
 court house stands, contayning in breadth to the street 
 twenty nine foot back to Chester creeke, unto them and 
 theyr suoksessors for ever : the deed bearing date the ninth 
 day of the fourth month called June An. Dom. 1697." 
 
 From Rudman's list of members of Gloria Dei Church, 
 1698, translated from the Swedish records of the church 
 by Prof. G. B. Keen, we present such families as resided 
 then in Chester County : 
 
 CalJcoon Hook. — Swan Boon. His wife Brigitta, d. of Swanson. 
 Their children : Gertrud, 8 ys. ; Catharine, 6; Andrew, 2J. 
 Hans Boon, 28 y. 
 
 Morton Morton. His wife Margret. Their children : Morton, b. 
 June 17, 1675; Laurence, b. Oct. 6, 1678; Andrew, b. Sept. 8, 1681; 
 John, b. June 1, 168.3 ; Jacob, b. May 24, 1686; Matthias, b. Sept. 8, 
 1690; David, b. Feb. 20, 1695; Margret, b. March 27, 1687; John 
 Bartholamews, single man. 
 
 Mouns Peterson. His son Peter, 30 y. His wife Anna Fish. 
 Their children ; Magdalene, 6 y.; Peter, 2 y.; Henrietta. A nurse 
 boy, 4 years. An old man, Nicholas Matson. 
 
 Hans Urian. His wife Elizabeth. Their children; John, 18 years- 
 Frederic, 10; Andrew, 7; Ann Mary, 17; Helene, 12; Elizabeth, s'; 
 Borthea, 5; His stepson Laurence. 
 
 Tennicum Creek.— Arinn Johnson. His wife Gertrud. Their chil- 
 dren: Helene, 17 years; Gunnar, 12; John, 10; Jacob, 3; Adam, 1. 
 His wife's sister's daughter Elizabeth, 7 years. 
 
 Mathias Morton. His wife Anna, d. of John Jnstls. Their chil- 
 dren : Andrew, 6 years ; Martin, 5 y. ; Maria, 2 y. ; John, b. April 
 14, 1697; Christina, b. Oct. 23, 1699. 
 
 Morton Morton. His wife Helene. Their children : Mathias, 28 
 ys. ; Andrew, 26. 
 
 Henrio Johnson. His son John Henricson. His wife Magdalen. 
 Their children : Ann Mary, 5 ys. ; Elizabeth, 3 ; 2 children not bap- 
 tized, Andrew, Sarah, twins b. Aug. 6, 1697. A hired girl, Brigitta. 
 A boy, Michael, 12 ys. 
 
 William Cabb. His wife, Christina. Their children ; John, Chris- 
 tina, Deborah, Mary, Elsa, William, Helene. 
 
 Crum Greek. — Andrew Henricson. His wife Brigitta, d. of Morton, 
 Their children : Henric, 6 years; Jacob, 4; Helene, 1. 
 
 John Cox, Senr. His wife Brigitta. Their children: Peter, 18 
 years; Charles, 12; Magnus, 9; John, 2; Catherine, 16; Anna, 7; 
 Mary, 4 ; Augustus. 
 
 Culen's children ; Jacob, Reigner, Gregory, Maria. 
 
 John Friend. His wife Anna, d. of Henr., Colman. Their daugh- 
 ter, Helene, b. Jan. 26, 1697. 
 
 Enoch Enochs. His wife Susannah. Their children : Gabriel, bom 
 Feb. 25, 1695; Andrew. 
 
 Anna, widow of Nelson. Her children : Sarah, Barbara, Gabriel, 
 Laurence. 
 
 That dreadful scourge, the yellow fever, prevailed in the 
 city of Philadelphia in 1699, producing the greatest con- 
 sternation and alarm among the people. -The September 
 court at Chester adjourned without transacting any busi- 
 ness, and though the cause is not given on the record, it 
 may reasonably be inferred that the malady had made its 
 appearance at that place. After a very protracted voyage, 
 William Penn arrived in the province with his wife and 
 family, with the avowed intention of ending his days in 
 Pennsylvania. He landed at Philadelphia in the begin- 
 ning of November, after the ravages of the fever had 
 ceased. 
 
 When proceeding up the Delaware, Penn left the vessel, 
 and spent one night at the house of Lydia, the widow of 
 Robert Wade, in company with Thomas Story, who had 
 recently arrived from a religious visit to Virginia. Before 
 proceeding to the vessel in the morning, he crossed over to 
 the east side of the creek in a boat, " and as he landed, 
 some young men oflBciously, and contrary to the express 
 orders of some of the Magistrates, fired two small sea pieces 
 of cannon, and being ambitious to make three out of two, 
 by firing one twice, one of them darting in a cartridge of 
 powder, before the piece was sponged, had his left arm shot 
 to pieces ; upon which, a surgeon being sent for, an ampu- 
 tation took place." — Clarlcson. 
 
 4, 26, 1700. " Ordered by the Justices and Grand 
 Jury that the Court house and prison be forthwith Re- 
 paired for a present necesaty and it is ordered that the two 
 back rooms in the prison be Arched over with a brick in 
 length and be furnished with suflBcient doors and the whole 
 prison to be laid over with beams close togather and planked 
 on the top of them. It is ordered that Ralph Fishbourn 
 and Robert Varnon, Henry Hollingsworth and James 
 Lowns is to oversee the s* work and agree with workmen, 
 and to provide materials for the said work." 
 
 " And also to Provide A pair of Stocks and A whiping 
 post. And all the said work is to be at the County's 
 Charge." 
 
 7, 10, 1700. A tax is ordered to be laid " for Repair- 
 ing the prison and other publick charges." Lands fronting 
 on the river were to be valued at ten pounds per hundred ; 
 rough land back, both settled and unsettled, at five pounds, 
 " and all other things as formerly at two pence pr pound." 
 This court orders James Lowns to be an oflScer to put 
 the law in execution for preventing hogs to run at large 
 in Chester. 
 
 12, 8, 1700-1. " In pursuance of a Law Intituled 
 A Law for the Speedy Laying and Raising A Levey for 
 this present year, 1700, The Justices and Grand Jury, by 
 authority of the said act, do lay a Levey to be raised at the 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 37 
 
 rate of three pence A pound upon the clear valew of all 
 the reall and psonal Estates, and twelve shillings pr head 
 on all freemen as the s* Act directs, to the use of this 
 county." 
 
 " The 8"" of j° 12'" month, y' Assembly men and their 
 Asistants, to wit, Samuel Levis, Nathaniel Newliu, Nicolas 
 Pile and Joseph Baker, Assembly men, Robert Pile, Robert 
 Eyre, John Bethel and David Lewis mett at Chester and 
 Layed a Levey at the rate of 3 pence pr pound and 12 
 shillings pr head for the raising the sum of 325 pounds, 
 being this county's part of the 2000 pounds, as by an act 
 past at New Castle the 27'" of 9", anno dom. 1700, they 
 are directed &c.'' 
 
 The grand jury in January presented the county " for 
 want of a sufficient Court house and prison." March 11, 
 1700-1. " Ordered by y° Justices and Grand Jury that 
 the Old Court hous be sett on sale on the 6 day of 3 month 
 next, and in order thereto papers are to be set up to give 
 notice that it is to be sold at a vandew." Jasper Yeates, 
 Ralph Fishbourn, Joseph Coburn, and Andrew Job were 
 appointed supervisors for the building of a new prison upon 
 the ground bought from James Sandeland, twenty-five feet 
 long and eighteen feet wide in the clear or thereabouts ; 
 " y' said hous to front high street and at the north corner 
 of the ground." 
 
 In the preamble of an act passed in the year 1701, en- 
 titled " An act to assure, grant and convey unto Ralph 
 Fishbnrn, of Chester, in the county of Chester, gentleman, 
 one messuage, cottage, house or tenement, and the lot of 
 land thereunto belonging, situate in Chester, in the county 
 of Chester, aforesaid, formerly known by the name of the 
 old court house, to hold to the said Ralph Fishburn, his 
 heirs and assigns forever," a former act is referred to as 
 follows : 
 
 "Whereas, By an act of General Assembly of the Province of 
 Pennsylvania and Territories, held at Philadelphia, in the said Prov- 
 ince, the tenth day of May, in y» ninth year of y" reign of King Wil- 
 liam the Third, of England, &c., and in the year of our Lord one 
 thousand six hundred and ninety seven, first reciting that whereas 
 the inhabitants of the county of Chester having built a new court 
 house, the Justices, with the consent and approbation of y' grand jury 
 did sell their old court house unto John Simcock for the discharging 
 of a certain debt due to him from the said county, and in order to give 
 him an assurance for the same it was enacted that the said justices, 
 then in commission for the said county of Chester, or any three of 
 them, should be enabled, and were thereby enabled and impowered 
 by their deed or deeds, under their hands and seal of the said county 
 to convey and assure the said old court house and land unto the said 
 John Simcock, his heirs and assigns forever." 
 
 Ralph Fishbourn was a son-in-law of John Simcock, 
 now deceased. 
 
 10 mo. (Dec.) 9, 1701. " James Sandiland by his at- 
 torney, David Lloyd, delivered a deed to John Blunston, 
 Caleb Pusey, Ralph Fishborn, Robert Pile and Philip 
 Roman for a piece of land being 120 foot square in the 
 township of Chester," for which land the grantees at the 
 same time delivered a declaration of trust, showing that the 
 purchase was for the use of the county. 
 
 10, 9, 1701. " It is agreed by the Justices and Grand 
 Jury to repair the Court hous and prison with all possible 
 speed, and appoints Walter Marten, John Hoskin and 
 Henry Worley to be supervisors and overseers of the said 
 
 work . . . and to provide a pair of stocks and whipping 
 post." 
 
 12, 24, 1701-2. " We of the grand Jury for the body 
 of this county do present to this court the necesity of a 
 court hous and prison hous, and finding j' there is little 
 money in the bank, and that many have not paid their 
 moiety i Rate of the last assessment, desirs that such may 
 be forsed ; and also that there is necessity for speedy gath- 
 ering of the other half of the county tax yet behind, do 
 request the Justices to issue out warrants for the speedy 
 gathering of the s^ half tax for the carying on s* work and 
 defraying y° charg, &c." 
 
 " Also in case of emergency for the speedy perfecting of 
 s^ work, &c., we, the grand Jury request that the Justices 
 take care to raise more monys as the law directs for we are 
 sensibl that Law and Justice cannot have its perfect courc 
 without such housis for their distribution as aforesaid." 
 
 " We of the grand Jury for the body of this county hav- 
 ing duly considered and carefully adjusted an account of 
 Charges contracted by Runing a circular Line Deviding 
 this County from y" county of New Castle, and settling the 
 boundarys, and having duly & deliberately debated every 
 article of s* Accompt do allow of the sum of twenty six 
 pounds, nine shillings, as debt due to be paid by this county 
 for s^ work. 
 
 " James Cooper, foreman." 
 
 The following is an account of the Welsh purchases, by 
 David Powell, surveyor : 
 
 " My Bespected friend, 
 
 " James logiin : I hould myself obledged to give thee an account of 
 those Lands belonging to the purches of Thomas Lloyd where David 
 Lloyd is conecirned and Likwise of Eichard ap Thomas : that is how 
 niuch is taken up and subdevided to them and sould by them and 
 what Remaines not disposed of by the said Thomas Lloyd and the said 
 Kichard Thomas. Acres 
 
 Thomas Lloyd had a Kicht by his Brother Charles to 2500 
 
 took up between Mirion and Harford IIUO 
 
 and one 100 acres he ordred in his Kight to Thomas David the 
 
 wich was Laii out unto him 100 
 
 1200 
 he allso Bough of ffrancis Smith Kemaining 1300 
 
 the Share Margret Davise Reserved to her Self; 
 
 being 1250 acres 1260 
 
 2550 
 
 there is I think 100 acers of Liberty Land Laid out to him 100 
 
 the Rest is to be yeat setled : and War" to be granted for the 
 
 subdividing of it within the AVelsh tract. 
 
 allso Richard ap Thomas : his purchus is 5000 
 
 out of wich he sould to Phillip Howell 700 
 
 and one 100 of Liberty Land to Hugh Robarts 100 
 
 and to Robart William .'. 300 
 
 and I think to Edward Joanes 200 
 
 1300 
 
 Remaining to him to have war*" to himself for 3700 
 
 as to David Lloyd part there is an Imaginary Survey made 1 
 
 one about 1800 acers but not perfected / 
 
 When thou art pleased to order war*^ for them or any others of the 
 said Welsh purches'^ I think there ought to be a Becitall of the first 
 War' by wich the Land was first bounded by; and the time of the 
 survey Lickwise Comanding a Return of the Respective Subdivis- 
 ions within the bounds of the said tract when not allready subdevided 
 to any other of the Company the wich Survey was done on the 28"> 
 of y« B'" Mo 1684 and finished the day of the ll"" Mo Ensuing. 
 
 I Request thee allso to put an end to Phillip Howell's business to 
 Ease both thyself and the rest of y« Comiss" of his Continuall Im- 
 portuning ; and I think it were best to Let him have that Lott on 
 Thomas Joanes account and Let him pay the money to Joanes. 
 
38 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Least the warr' granted by the Gover' to Nealaon taks hould of it, 
 and the Gover' forced to pay the 35 pound to Joaoes out of his own 
 pocett; these things I Refer to thy Consideration Leaving it wholy 
 to thee to order it as thou thinly best and desire thy faver in Leting 
 me have and End to my one bnisness that my most Cordial) freind 
 and GoTernor Left with thee to do : for me Ells I am afraid I shall 
 Suffer f jr want of it ; who am thy Redl freind 
 
 "D. Powell 
 "Dat 5«''12«''Mo: 1701" 
 
 " An account of thepurchers Concurned in the Welsh Tract, Granted 
 by the Generall Wat* by wioh the said Tract was Laid out and such 
 Lands as hath bine Laid out by War" Dulie Executed within the 
 same, and 1st of y« Ould England Purohei" : 
 
 Acres 
 
 " Charles Lloyd &, Margaret Davis 5000 
 
 Richard Davis 5000 
 
 William Jenkins 1000 
 
 John Poyr 760 
 
 John Burge 750 
 
 William Mordant 600 
 
 William Powell 1250 
 
 Lewis David 3000 
 
 Morris Llewelin' 500 
 
 Thomas Simonse 600 
 
 John Bevan 2000 
 
 Edward Prichard 2600 
 
 John ap John & Thomas Wyn 5000 
 
 Edward Joanes & John Thomas 6000 
 
 Richard Davis 1250 
 
 Richard ap Thomas 5000 
 
 Mordioai Moore in Right of 500 
 
 John Millinton 500 
 
 Henry Right 600 
 
 Daniell Medlecot 200 
 
 Thomas Ellis 1000 
 
 Ditto for Patt. Roules 250 
 
 Ditto on ace' of Humphry Thomas 100 
 
 David Powell 1000 
 
 John Kinsy 200 
 
 David Meredith 260 
 
 David Davis 200 
 
 Thomas John Evan 260 
 
 John Evans 100 
 
 John Jarmon 50 
 
 David Kinsy 200 
 
 Evan Oliver 100 
 
 Samuel Mills 100 
 
 Thomas Joanes 50 
 
 David Joanes 100 
 
 John Kinsy 100 
 
 Daniell Harry 300 
 
 Henry Joanes & John Weab 400 
 
 John ffish 300 
 
 John Day 300 
 
 Barker & Simson 1000 
 
 The whole Complm' 50,000 
 
 " Besid William Wood and Sharlo, and Thomas Barter 
 and Jobsons 1000' allowed off to be within the said 
 Tract." 
 
 Governor Penn received intelligence from England which 
 compelled him to embrace the earliest opportunity to return. 
 The crown had become jealous of its proprietary govern- 
 ments in America, and desired to convert them into regal 
 ones. For this purpose a bill had been introduced into 
 Parliament, and was only postponed at the earnest solicita- 
 tion of the friends of Penn until he should return. This 
 rendered his early departure necessary, and he accordingly 
 sailed from Philadelphia on the let of November, 1701. 
 He never returned to Pennsylvania. 
 
 Before leaving, Penn by letters patent established a 
 Council of State, composed of ten members, of whom Caleb 
 Pusey and John Blunston were from this county. He also 
 appointed Andrew Hamilton, one of the proprietors of East 
 Jersey, Deputy Governor. 
 
 King William died Jan. 18, 1702, but it was not till the 
 10th of July that his successor, the Princess Anne, of 
 Denmark, was proclaimed at Philadelphia as queen of En", 
 land. 
 
 But the most important event of the year was the legis- 
 lative separation of the three lower counties from the 
 province. Before leaving the country, Penn had given his 
 reluctant assent to this separation, to take place at any time 
 within three years. It was now accomplished, very much 
 against the wishes of Governor Hamilton. From this time 
 the separation was final. 
 
 The necessity of a pair of stocks and whipping-post in 
 the town of Chester was again presented at October court, 
 1703. " Ordered that Richard Kenderdin is appointed 
 hog beadle in the Town of Chester.'' 
 
 9 mo. (Nov.) 30, 1703. The Grand Jury presented 
 " The old Court hons, being a nusance to the town in case 
 of fire, and also the chimney of Henry HoUingsworth, in 
 Chester Town." 
 
 " The Court on deliberate consideracdn orders the s^ hous 
 to be pulled down and that Jasper Yeats, chief burges of 
 y° burough of Chester shall see y' order ^formed." 
 
 This vexed question of the public buildings is hard to 
 understand. The curious in such matters are referred to 
 Dr. Smith's " History of Delaware County" and John Hill 
 Martin's " History of Chester." 
 
 6, 26, 1707. " Ordered that a common pound for y' 
 township of Chester be forthwith erected at the charge of 
 the s* Township, and y° same pound is hereby declared to 
 be the common pound when erected upon the land of John 
 Wade, and by him given and appointed for that purpose, 
 on y° south side of the Queen's highway on the west side 
 the creek." 
 
 At a court of " Privet" sessions, Dec. 21, 1708 : 
 
 "Whereas that there is a necessity for a new door for the prison 
 at Chester, being y« common Geo' of the County of Chester afores*, 
 — ordered that Henry HoUingsworth, Clerk of the s* county forth- 
 with cause a door for the said prison to be made & grated with iron 
 Barrs on y« outside k so finished that it may he secure from either 
 cutting or firing by prisoners, for which the Treasurer shall furnish 
 the s'l Henry with money to carry on and finish the said work." 
 
 Grand jurors held the office for a year until 1706, after 
 which a new one appeared at every Quarter Sessions. For 
 several years they laid out all the new roads, and in gen- 
 eral performed the duties of county commissioners. 
 
 Feb. 24, 1707-8. Three constables were appointed by the 
 justices " to attend this Court." This is the first notice of 
 what was henceforth the custom. 
 
 Feb. 25, 1706-7. " Jeremiah Collett, constable of Chich- 
 ester, being presented by y° Grand Jury for y° neglect of 
 his Duty as a constable, for that he did not prevent Mor- 
 decay Howel for working and suffering his servants or 
 children to work and do servill Labour on y" first day of 
 the week, altho' requested by John Neals so to do, — comes 
 here and cant gainsay the same but acknowledges himself 
 to be thereof guilty. Therefore it is considered that f s* 
 Jeremiah shall pay a fine of five shillings & his fees, and 
 then shall go quitt." 
 
 The court records from September, 1681, to November, 
 1710, having been carefully entered in two volumes, at 
 length became somewhat worn and dilapidated as to the 
 binding. Accordingly, they were copied into one large 
 vohime several years ago ; but the transcriber being unac- 
 quainted with the old style of writing, there are many 
 errors in the copy. A few years since the original books 
 
GENEEAL HISTOEY. 
 
 39 
 
 were rebound, and are complete with the exception of eight 
 pages, which had been wantonly torn from the second vol- 
 ume. From 1710 to 1714 there is scarcely a scrap of 
 court record to be found in our county archives. 
 
 The Indians manifested some uneasiness about this time, 
 which was communicated to the Governor by William 
 Dalbo, of Gloucester Co., N. J,, " who acquainted him that 
 there is a Belt of Wampum come to Conestogo, from Mah- 
 quahotonoi ; y' there was a Tomahock in Eed in the belt, 
 & y' the French with five nations of Indians were designed 
 for war, and to fall on some of these plantations." This 
 information was duly laid before the Council by the Gov- 
 ernor on the 14th of April, 1710, and also a letter he 
 had received from Mr. Yeates, Caleb Pusey, and Thomas 
 Powell, dated the same day, " purporting that to-morrow 
 there was to be a great concourse of Indians, those of 
 Conestogo & those of the Jersey ; that they were of opin- 
 ion that it might be a seasonable opportunity for the Govr. 
 to visit them altogether; the meeting being the greatest 
 that has been known these Twenty years, and is to be 
 about two miles from Jno. Warraws [Jno. Worralls], at 
 Edgmond." 
 
 It was the opinion of the board " That the Governor 
 with some of the Council, and as many others as can be 
 got should go to-morrow to meet the s* Indians to inquire 
 further of them about the said Belt of Wampum, and what 
 else may bo thought necessary.'' 
 
 The Governor and others doubtless met the Indians, as 
 here indicated, but as no report of the interview was made 
 to the Council, it is probable the principal chiefs were not 
 present. On the 29th of April, some m<tre alarming news 
 was communicated to the Council, which induced the Gov- 
 ernor to visit Conestogo and have an interview with the 
 red men. He found them "very well inclined to the 
 English," but they complained of aggressions that had 
 been committed on them by the white man. 
 
 The Governor, immediately on his return from Cones- 
 togo, sent Col. French and Henry Worley to ascertain 
 more fully the wishes of the Indians. These gentlemen 
 returned with eight belts of wampum, and made their 
 report to the Council on the 16th of June. Each of these 
 belts had a particular significance. The import of three of 
 them will be given : 
 
 The first was from their old women, and signified "that those im- 
 plored their friendship of the Christians and Indians of this GoTni«, 
 that without danger or trouble, they might fetch Wood &, Water." 
 
 " The second Belt was sent from their children born, and those yet 
 in the womb, requesting that room to sport & play without danger 
 of Slavery, might be allowed them." 
 
 " The third Belt was sent from their young men fitt to hunt, that 
 privilege to leave their Towns, and seels provision for their aged, 
 might be granted to them, without fear of Death or Slavery." 
 
 The last two of these belts have a significance that can- 
 not be misunderstood. They plainly suggest the reason for 
 the passage, in 1705, of the " Act to prevent the importa- 
 tion of Indian slaves." 
 
 As early as July 31, 1710, there was presented to the 
 Lords of Trade and Plantations a memorial from William 
 Penn, which had been shown to the queen, proposing to 
 dispose of the government of Pennsylvania. It was set 
 forth that at the time of the charter there was due him for 
 
 his father's disbursements in the victualling office, and 
 interest thereon, the sum of sixteen thousand pounds, of 
 which he never received one penny. After considerable 
 negotiation, it was agreed that for the surrender of the 
 government Penn should receive twelve thousand pounds, 
 and a warrant was issued, Sept. 9, 1712, to Eobert, Earl 
 of Oxford, high treasurer, to pay him a thousand pounds 
 thereof as an advance of the whole. Further proceedings 
 were ended by a partial paralysis of the Proprietary, from 
 which he never sufficiently recovered to attend to business. 
 
 An affirmation act was passed, 1715, and received the 
 approbation of Governor Gookin. By an act of Parlia- 
 ment of 1 George I. the statute of 7 and 8 William III. 
 was made perpetual in Great Britain, and was extended to 
 the colonies for five years. By a provision of this latter 
 act no Quaker, by virtue thereof, could be qualified or per- 
 mitted to give evidence in criminal cases, or serve on juries, 
 or hold any office of profit in the government. The Gov- 
 ernor contended that this act repealed the provincial law, 
 and had the same disqualifying effects upon Quakers here 
 as it had in England. Most of the important offices in the 
 province were filled by Quakers ; and the justices of the 
 Supreme Court hesitated to perform their duties in the face 
 of the opinion of the Governor. Under these difficulties 
 criminal justice was not for a time administered through- 
 out the province. 
 
 One of the most important cases left untried was that of 
 Hugh Pugh and others, for the murder of Jonathan 
 Hayes, in Chester County. The criminals were eventually 
 admitted to bail. 
 
 The evidence is almost conclusive that the murdered 
 man was the same Jonathan Hayes who resided in Marple, 
 and who served for a long time as a justice of the court, 
 and sometimes as a member of the Legislature. The mur- 
 der excited great interest in the county. John Parry, 
 Caleb Evans, and David Parry were fined for refusing to 
 aid the constable " in apprehending Hugh Pugh,'-' who was 
 charged as a principal in the murder ; and so much inter- 
 est attached to the case that three persons were appointed 
 by the court to >find a place more convenient than the 
 court-house for the trial of the murderers. 
 
 It would appear from the court records of this period 
 that but twelve traverse jurors sometimes attended at a 
 court, and fifteen grand jurors. The sentences of the court 
 change from time to time, sometimes in consequence of a 
 change in the law, at others, from the whims of the jus- 
 tices. 
 
 In 1716 a sentence for larceny to the value of eight 
 pounds was, that the defendant pay fourfold and costs, " and 
 be whipped 21 lashes, and to wear a roman T of a blue colour 
 for the space of six months not less than four inches long 
 each way, and one inch broad, and be committed till he 
 comply with s* Judgment." This was not ah unusual pun- 
 ishment. 
 
 In early times the office of sheriff was not so profitable 
 as it now is, and as a sort of perquisite the sheriff was 
 allowed to keep tavern. Hence we find Nicholas Fairlamb, 
 a newly-elected sheriff, petitioning to the court to be rec- 
 ommended for a license. In later times the tavern was 
 kept in the dwelling apartment of the prison. 
 
40 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 For some years the intellect of William Penn had been 
 so much impaired as wholly to exclude him from any par- 
 ticipation in the affairs of the province. His general 
 health gradually declined till the time of his death, which 
 happened on the 30th of July, 1718. The news of this 
 melancholy event did not reach Pennsylvania till October, 
 when it was formally announced to the Assembly, which 
 was then in session. 
 
 An act passed in 1718, "for the advancement of justice, 
 and more certain administration thereof," removed most of 
 the obstacles in the way of Friends participating freely in 
 legislative and judicial concerns. This act was confirmed 
 by the king and council in the following year. The act 
 " for corroborating the circular line between the Counties of 
 Chester and New Castle," that had been passed several 
 years previously, met with a different fate ; for what reason 
 does not appear. 
 
 After the death of William Penn, his eldest son, Wil- 
 liam, claimed the right to administer the government of 
 the province, and accordingly issued a new commission to 
 Lieutenant-Grovernor Keith. After consulting with his 
 Council, and also with the Assembly, the Governor declined 
 the new commission, and continued to act under his former 
 appointment. This decision met with the approbation of 
 the home government. William Penn, the younger, died 
 two years after his father, and after some litigation, not 
 only the province, but the government of it, descended to 
 John, Thomas, and Richard Penn, the surviving sons of 
 the proprietary by his second wife, Hannah Callowhill. 
 
 The unsettled state of some of our boundary lines was 
 the cause of frequent troubles. James Steel writes, Philad", 
 2", 11"°", 1718, to Isaac Taylor: 
 
 " I am very sorry that the order &, Dirision of the counties cannot 
 be found to send thee as desired : for my part 1 have never seen it nor 
 can J. Logan nor thy Brother inform me anything of it — I having 
 enquired of them both." 
 
 The following is the record of a council held at Phila- 
 delphia, June 8, 1720 : 
 
 "The Governour laid before the Board a. Petition from several 
 persons, Inhabitants on the South side of and adjacent to the Kiver 
 Schuylkill, to the Assembly of this Province, which Petition was re- 
 ferred by the Assembly to the Consideration of the Governour and 
 this Board and complains * That the Petitioners having been formerly 
 and are this present year rated by the Commissioners and Assessors 
 of the County of Philadelphia and that now a new Demand is made 
 upon them by the OflBcers appointed for collecting the County Rates 
 and Levies within the County of Chester and praying that a Division 
 Line may be run between the said Counties, and that the Petitioners 
 may be answerable for County Levies only in the County of Phila- 
 delphia as formerly,' the said Petition was referred to James Logan, 
 Esqr., Secretary and one of the Commissioners of Property to in- 
 quire into the Situation and Case of the Petitioners, and to make a 
 Report thereof unto the Board as soon as conveniently may be. 
 
 " Then was read a Representation by the Commissioners and As- 
 sessors of the County of Chester to the Justices of the said County, 
 together with an Address of the said Justices to the honoble the Gov- 
 ernour, submitting the Subject matter of the said Representation 
 wholly to the Governour's Care and Conduct. The Representation 
 sets forth, that the Commissioners and Assessors of the County of 
 Chester being by law impowered to lay Assessments upon the Inhabit- 
 ants of the said County, for defraying the incumbent Charges there- 
 of; but that a Considerable Number of Persons, whose names are 
 thereunto annexed called the adjacent Inhabitants of the Townships 
 of New Garden who used to be rated by the Commissioners and As- 
 sessors of the said County and paid their respective proportions ac- 
 
 cordingly, do now refuse to pay the same, because of their being 
 taxed in New Castle county and threatened to be distrained upon by 
 reason of the Refusal to pay the County Levies to the officers ap- 
 pointed to collect the same within the said County of New Castle; 
 and prays that Care may be taken for the relief of the said Inhabit- 
 ants from the Incursions like to be made upon them by the County 
 of New Castle, in manner aforesaid." 
 
 A copy of an act of Assembly of the " lower counties," 
 probably passed shortly before this time, sets forth that 
 " several Inhabitants of New Castle County have, by the 
 pretence of a Circular line, runn to adjust y° Twelve miles 
 of y" County of New Castle, seperated and withdrawn them- 
 selves from the Duties, offices and Taxes of this County, 
 and have by virtue of running of the said line, for which 
 there was neither warr' nor law, associated to and done the 
 Duty of y° neighbouring County." To remedy this evil 
 the act provided for the apprehension and punishment of 
 such offenders by distraint or otherwise. 
 
 In council, March 22, 1720, " Upon Consideration of a 
 Petition this Day read at the Board, from sundry persons 
 who call themselves the upper Inhabitants of the West side 
 of the Schuylkill, in these words : 
 
 " ' To the Honi>i« William Keith, Esq'., Governour of the Province 
 of Pensilvania and to His Honorable Council, The Petition of the 
 upper Inhabitants on the West side of Schuylkill, humbly sheweth, 
 
 " ' That Whereas the Commissioners for the County of Chester have 
 attempted of late to make us pay taxes in the County of Chester, not- 
 withstanding we have ever since our first Settlement paid our Taxes 
 in the County of Philadelphia. 
 
 " ' And your humble Petitioners having no Trade with Chester, and 
 seeing it is impossible for us to have any tolerably convenient Road 
 to Chester, by Reastui of Rocks and Mountains. 
 
 " ' And considering that the County of Philadelphia, if bounded by 
 Schuylkill, will not be above seven or eight miles broad at this place 
 by an indifferent Computation, and the County of Chester, if bounded 
 by Schuylkill aforesaid, will be near fifty miles broad by the like com- 
 putation. 
 
 '* * And considering that we must carry the Product of our Labour 
 to Market at or near Philadelphia, which is forty or fifty miles, to 
 purchase money to pay our Taxes, and defray the several Charges we 
 shall be incident to by public services if we be taken into Chester 
 County, which will be a very great burthen upon us. 
 
 " ' The aforesaid Considerations your humble Petitioners hope are 
 sufficient reasoipfor us to pray your Hon" that the Counties may be 
 divided. And that if possible we may be (as heretofore) Inhabitants 
 in the County of Philadelphia, tho' on the west side of Schuylkill; 
 And your Pet" as in Duty bound will ever pray, Ac.* 
 
 " Signed by Israel Robeson, Francis Hughs, Henry Bell, John Sin- 
 clair, John Rumford, and about forty psons more, 
 
 "It is. ordered that the Surveyor General search his 
 Office, and make Report to this Board of what appears from 
 thence concerning the Division of the two Counties of 
 Philadelphia & Chester from each othg;, Also, that He 
 and James Steel report in like manner as far as they are 
 capable, who or how many of the subscribers to the said 
 Petition are seated on the west side of Schuylkill, and upon 
 what Tracts of Land and how long they have been possessed 
 of the same, upon which Report this Board may proceed 
 further upon the Petition presented to them." 
 
 Unfortunately, the names of the petitioners are not all 
 given, so that we cannot compare them with the assessment 
 list of that period. In the assessment made about the close 
 of the year 1720, the " Inhabitants upon Schoolkill above 
 the french Creek" were these : 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 41 
 
 Peter Hose. 
 Jacob Stagger. 
 Hanoe Swisher. 
 Velverig Longnegir. 
 Henerig Coughanour. 
 John Butter. 
 Henry Parker. 
 Henry Buckholts. 
 Jacob Buckholts. 
 Johanas Howbert. 
 Henry Gastelt. 
 Johanas Colb. 
 
 Marcus Orerhoolt. 
 Kuedy Houch. 
 Henery Landis. 
 Hauce Ormer. 
 Martyn Ormer. 
 Jacobus Ormer. 
 Matieas Kinger. 
 Andrew Sickleer. 
 Hanoe Wolfmiller. 
 John Rumford. 
 Isreal Robinson. 
 Thomas Miller. 
 
 In 1719 it was called " Skoolkill District," and in- 
 cluded the . Nantmeal settlements. (See Coventry town- 
 ship.) In 1721 the two districts are assessed together 
 under the name of " Skoolkill." 
 
 "At a Council held at Philadelphia, February 1", 1721 A Petition 
 from dirers Inhabitunts on the South side and adjacent to the River 
 Schuylkill, in this province, having in the year 1720 been presented 
 to the Assembly, setting forth. That they the said Inhabitants had 
 formerly been and then were rated in the County of Philadelphia, and 
 yet were at that time called upon to pay their Rates to the County of 
 Chester, no Division Line being run between the said Counties, and 
 therefore praying that such a Line might be run, the said Petition 
 was, by an Order of the House of the 4"' of May, in said year referred 
 to the Consideration of the Governour and Council for the Petitioners 
 Belief, and at a Council held on the S"* day of June following, by 
 order of the Board, the Secretary was directed to inquire of the Situ- 
 ation and Case of the Petitioners, and report his opinion thereupon to 
 the Board. And Warrants from the Commissioners of both the said 
 Counties, together with their respective Taxations of the said Inhabit- 
 ants in both Counties, to their great Oppression, being now produced to 
 the Board, the Secretary was called upon to make his Report in pur- 
 suance of the aforementioned Order, 
 
 "Accordingly the Secretary reports. That He has not been able to 
 find out any anthentick Act or order by which the said Counties have 
 been divided, but that: He finds, At the first Settlement of the Country 
 under that Proprietor, the Creek or Run on this side of Darby, called 
 Cobs Creek, made the first Division of those Counties in the lower parts 
 towards the River Delaware, as far back from the said River as Haver- 
 ford township ; That in the printed maps there is laid down from 
 thence a prick'd Line for the Division of those Counties by the side of 
 Haverford Township, departing from the said Cob's Creek to the East- 
 ward, and again above the sd. Townships, taking another Turn farther 
 to the Eastward to leave John Holland's and some other Lands on the 
 side of Radnor Township to Chester County ; And that thence the 
 same Line is continued from thence streight to Schuylkill, dividing 
 Loetitia Penn's Manner almost in the middle and laying part of it 
 to each County ; That he is apprehensive This was done arbitrarily 
 by the Surveyor General without any authority for the same at the 
 time the Map was made, and that in his Opinion it would havb been 
 more regular to carry the Division Line along the side of Radnor and 
 the upper part of that called the Welch Line, laying all those Tracts 
 called Manners to Philadelphia County, as in all appearance they were 
 at first intended by the Proprietor; That he finds most of the Peti- 
 tioners past over Schuylkill from the Settlement on the Eastern Side 
 of it, which were considerable before there were any of note on the 
 Western Side so high up that River, and accounting themselves 
 to be still in Philadelphia County, as they had been before they 
 passed the River, they were accordingly taxed in the township for- 
 merly called Mahanatawny, but now Amity Township, there being no 
 practicable Road nor convenient Communication between those parts 
 and Chester. That this is what He can as yet discover relating to that 
 affair, which he humbly submitts to the Board, with his Opinion, that 
 this matter ought with out Delay to be further Settled. 
 
 "And the case of those Inhabitants, with this Report, being taken 
 into consideration by the Board, It is their unamimous Opinion that 
 untill this matter can be more fully and effectually settled, the Com- 
 missioners and Assessors of Chester County should forbear to claim 
 those Inhabitants, who being settled on or near the Western Side of 
 Schuylkill have hitherto been reputed part of Amity Township, and 
 as such have been and are taxed in the County of Philadelphia, and 
 that the.sald Inhabitants be permitted to pay their Taxes and do all 
 6 
 
 other Duties to the County of Philadelphia as formerly, without any 
 further molestation from the County of Chester, or any officers by 
 authority of the Court of Commissioners of the said County. 
 
 " And the Clerk is ordered to transmit a Copy of this minute to the 
 Commissioners of the said County, for their Direction in the premises. " 
 
 March 28, 1722. An address to the Governor from David 
 Lloyd and Nathaniel Newlin in behalf of themselves and 
 the other commissioners appointed by act of Assembly for 
 the county of Chester was read, settinp; forth the inconve- 
 niences of a compliance with the foregoing order, and pray^ 
 ing relief from the " unrighteous Attempts" of the persons 
 mentioned to sever themselves from the county of Chester. 
 David Lloyd being present, was reminded that the injunc- 
 tion was intended to continue only until the limits of the 
 two counties should be adjusted, and referred only to those 
 who had heretofore paid to and were now taxed in Phila- 
 delphia County, which were not above six in number ; for 
 it was unreasonable they should pay to both counties. He 
 replied, " That there were persons yet living who retnem - 
 bered the running of the Division Lines, which was done. 
 He believes, about the year 16S8, under the administration 
 of Governour Blackwell, but that they knew not where to 
 apply for any Record or written proofs of it, except to the 
 Secretary, in whose Custody all things of this kind should 
 be kept." After some discussion relating to the former 
 secretary, and the probable whereabouts of his papers, 
 further search was directed to be made for evidence respect- 
 ing the division line. 
 
 What further action was taken in the matter does not 
 appear in the minutes of Council, but the suggestion of Sec- 
 retary Logan seems to have been carried out in practice. 
 
 May 28, 1722. " Elisha Gatchel, Esq', one of his Majesties Justices 
 of the Peace in Chester County, presented to the Board an Acco' of 
 £4 : 2, disbursed by him in part of the Charge of two Expresses sent 
 by the Governour of this Province to the Gov of Maryland last Win- 
 ter & Spring, occasioned by some injuries done to the Inhabitants of 
 Nottingham Township, in Chester County, by some people from Cecil 
 County in Maryland, under pretence of Levying Taxes there by 
 virtue of Warrants from Maryland, &c., and there being also due 
 William Reynals £4: 10, for going to Anapolis as one of the said 
 Expresses, for which the Gov' gave an Order on the Treasurer of 
 Chester County, & is not yet paid." 
 
 It was- the opinion of the board that the benefit of the 
 service having accrued to Chester County from the increase 
 of taxes from Nottingham Township, the debt should be 
 paid by that county. 
 
 In June, 1722, Isaac Taylor, having gone to Nottingham 
 to make some surveys, was arrested by Maryland authori- 
 ties and taken to Cecil court. Elisha Gatchell going the 
 next day to see him was also arrested as an assistant, though 
 he had been many miles away when the surveys were made. 
 They were bound over to the Provincial Court at Annapo- 
 lis. It does not appear, however, that they were further 
 prosecuted at that time. 
 
 On the 17th of February, 1723, an agreement was en- 
 tered into between Lord Baltimore of the one part, and 
 Hannah Penn, Joshua Gee, and Henry Gouldney of the 
 other part, suspending any further hostile action on either 
 side for the space of eighteen months, by which time it was 
 hoped a settlement could be effected. 
 
 In 1724 an outbreak occurred with respect to the line of 
 New Castle County. Thomas Hill having taken out admin- 
 
42 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 istration on the estate of Rev. Daniel Magill, who had 
 lived near t^e line, he was arrested by the New Castle au- 
 thorities for declining to recognize their jurisdiction. 
 
 A number of petitions were presented to the Assembly 
 from James Mole, John Henderson, John Creighton, and 
 others, upon which the House examined the warrant for 
 running the circular line and the draught thereof as run, 
 and appointed a committee to prepare an address to the 
 Governor on the subject. This was presented to the Gov- 
 ernor May 2, 1724, followed by a further representation 
 August 11th, to which the Governor made reply by a mes- 
 sage the next day to this effect : 
 
 "After the enquiries which I have lately made, there is no Scruple 
 remains with me about the Circular Line, which you insist upon for 
 the Limits of Chester County; wherefore, in all future orders from 
 me, it shall be observed as your Boundary; and I will likewise give 
 proper Directions, as soon as I go down to New Castle, to stop the 
 Process complained of there, according to your desire." 
 
 The public pound at Chester had been located west of 
 the creek, but from the following minute, extracted from 
 the proceedings of the court in 1722, it will appear that the 
 most public situation in the borough was now secured for it : 
 
 " Upon application of some of the inhabitants of Chester for tipnund 
 in the said town of Chester, whereupon the court orders that there be 
 a Pound erected in the Market place in the borough of Chester, forty 
 foot square, well fenced with posts and railings, and a good rack in the 
 middle of sii pound, and that Rich* Marsden be Keeper of the pound. 
 To act, do, and perform according as the act makes mention Ac," 
 
 A pound was also ordered for Aston at the same court, — 
 John Carter to be the keeper. 
 
 Early in 1724 a petition was presented to the Assembly 
 from citizens of Chester County, asking that a bridge might 
 be erected over Brandywine at John Chadd's ford, upon 
 which the Assembly resolved that the petitioners " may 
 erect a Bridge at the County Charge." 
 
 A new court-house was erected in 1724, which served 
 the purpose as long as the seat of justice remained at Ches- 
 ter, and is still standing and used as a town hall. An act 
 was passed May 9, 1724, for the sale of the old cour(> 
 house, which was done the following year. The records 
 show that this was the one built about 1694, on a lot pur- 
 chased from John Hoskins, by deed of 1697. The trus- 
 tees sold it to William Preston, of Philadelphia, mariner, 
 for twenty-seven pounds. 
 
 " At a Court of Private Sessions held at the House of John Han- 
 num in Concord, 15"> of December, 1724, Joseph Parker having 
 petitioned this Court setting forth y^ great danger y® Records of y® 
 County lay in, as well by Casualities of fire, as other accidents which 
 might happen, and refers y" same to our consideration to provide a 
 place for keeping }» said Records in w« may be of greater security, 
 whereupon y* Court upon mature consideration of the same, allows y» 
 peticon to be reasonable, & orders y» Clerk to present y" same before 
 y" Commissioners & Assessors of y« same County in order that they 
 may fit a room in y" new Court house for keeping y' s* Records in & 
 when prepared order y« s* Clerk to transmit all of y" said Records to 
 y' place so appropriated accordingly, and not to be removed without 
 y* Court's direction." 
 
 What greater security was obtained by their removal to 
 this building will appear hereafter. 
 
 A bill was passed this year prescribing the forms of 
 declaration of fidelity, aflarmation, etc., entirely adapted to 
 the conscientious scruples of Quakers on the subject of tak- 
 ing oaths. Laws of a similar character had been passed, 
 
 but they failed to meet with the royal sanction, and the 
 people were consequently thrown back on the English' act, 
 which many could not sanction. Acts passed by the Coun- 
 cil and Assembly usually had the force of laws until they 
 were repealed by the home government, but this one was 
 not to become a law until it had received the approbation 
 of His Majesty. This approbation, it will be seen hereafter, 
 was not secured without the employment of money. 
 
 The aflSrmation act, before referred to, at length received 
 the royal confirmation. The following extracts from the 
 records of Haverford Monthly Meeting at once show the 
 great anxiety of Friends on the subject, and the appliangeg 
 that were used in those days to secure the royal sanction to 
 a most just and reasonable measure : 
 
 3'* mo. i.3. " This meeting refers to the consideration of ffrds — 
 getting of money to pay for negotiating y* late affirmation act in Great 
 Britain." 
 
 d"" mo. 12. " Lewis David, Thomas Thomas, and Edward William 
 are desired to take frd's contributions in Cash to defray the Charge of 
 having the Royal assent to y^ afiBrmation act &, make report thereof 
 to next meeting." 
 
 7"i mo. 9. " The friends appointed to receive frda contributions 
 towards having y'' Royall assent to y" Affirmation act is continued 
 and advised to press friends to bring it in as soon as may be, in order 
 to be paid to Rich* Hill before y« yearly meeting." 
 
 10"' mo. 9"'. " Edw* Williams produced a receipt signed by Rich* 
 Hill for eight pounds eighteen shillings, received of him and Thomas 
 Thomas towards negotiating the affirmation act, for account of this 
 meeting." 
 
 Besides the above subscription, this Monthly Meeting 
 subscribed this year £5 10s. Id. towards building Horsham 
 meeting-house, and £10 10s. 4d. towards the redemption' 
 of the wife and children of John Hanson, Of New England, 
 who had been carried off by the Indians. Chester Monthly 
 Meeting also contributed £10 4s. for this latter purpose. 
 
 The minutes of Haverford Monthly Meeting go to show 
 that Sewell's " History of the Quakers" was now in press, 
 and that the Yearly Meeting had subscribed for 500 copies. 
 Fourteen of these copies were taken by Merion and Radnor 
 Meetings. The subscription had been commenced in 1723. 
 
 In Council, Feb. 6th, 1728-9 : 
 
 " A Petition of the Inhabitants of the upper parts of Chester 
 County was laid before the Board & read, setting forth, that by Reason 
 of their Qreat Distance from the County Town, where Courts are 
 held. Offices are Kept, & Annual Elections made, they ly under very 
 great Inconveniences, being Obliged in the Recovery of their just 
 Debts, to travel near one hundred miles to obtain a Writt; that for 
 Want of a Sufficient Number of Justices, Constables & other Officersy 
 in those parts, no Care is taken of the high ways ; Townships are not 
 laid out, nor Bridges built, where there is an apparent Necessity for 
 them ; & further that for Want of a Goal there, several Vagabonds 4 
 other dissolute People harbour among them, thinking themselves safe 
 from Justice in so remote a. Place; And therefore praying that a 
 Division Line be made between the upper and lower part of the said 
 County, & the upper part thereof Erected into a County, with all -the, 
 immunities, Rights &, Privileges which any other County of this Prov- 
 ince does now Eiyoy. 
 
 " The Board taking the same into Consideration, are of Opinion 
 that the Goyernour is fully impowered by virtue of hie Commission, 
 to grant the Prayer of the Petition, if the Same shall appear neces- 
 sary ; but as it is a matter of some Moment & will require* mature 
 Deliberation, It was moved & agreed that the further- Consideration, 
 thereof should be deferr'd till to morrow at nine o'clock beforenoon,. 
 to which time the Council is adjourned." 
 
 Feb. 7th ; " The Board according to Order, entered into the Con» 
 aideration of the Petition in the Minute of Yesterday, touching the 
 Division of Chester County, and after the same had been fully con- 
 sidered & debated, the Board came to thp following Resolutiw : That,' 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 43 
 
 b6 -well for the Reasons set forth in the said Petition, as the Security, 
 Peabe <t: good Order of the whole Government, there doth appear a 
 roal Necessity that a new County should be Erected, according to the 
 Prayer of the said Petition ; And Altho' the Power of Erecting Conn- 
 ties is wholly Tested in the Proprietary, & therefore in the Governour, 
 as his Lieutenant, yet, inasmuch as this will require the Establish- 
 ment of Courts of Judicature, with other Alterations, for which a due 
 Provision will best bo made by a Law, It may be convenient that the 
 Governour should acquaint the House of Representatives now sitting, 
 with the Application made to him, that the same may be carried on 
 with & strengthened by the joint & unanimous Concurrence of the 
 whole Legislature." 
 
 Feb. 20th : " The Governour informed the Board that pursuant to 
 the Resolve of last Council he had acquainted the House of Repre- 
 sentatives with his Intention to Erect the upper part of the County 
 of Chester into a separate County, in which they had concurred, & 
 desired that an equal Number of the Inhabitants of the Lower & 
 Upper Part might run the Division Line; And therefore, he was now 
 to recommend to the Board to ohuse fltt & well qualified Persons for 
 that Service, & to consider of proper Directions for their Guidance 
 therein : And after due Consideration thereof 
 
 "'Tis Ordered that Henry Hayes, Samuell Nutt, Samuel Hollings- 
 worth, Philip Taylor, Elisha Gatchel, James James, John Wright, 
 Tobias Hendricks, Samuel Blunston, Andrew Cornish, Thomas Ed- 
 wards & John Musgrave, or the Major Part of them, calling to their 
 Assistance John Taylor, the Surveyor of Chester County, meet at 
 some convenient place near Octeraroe Creek or River, & cause a 
 marked Line to be run from the most northerly or main Branch of the 
 said Creek Northward, or to the East or West thereof, as it shall be 
 found most convenient, to the next high Ridge of barren or uninhab- 
 ited Hills that trend from thence to Schuylkill River, keeping as near 
 as may be to the Ridge of the said Hills, and to proceed along the 
 Ridge thereof, yet with as few Changes in the Course as their Situa- 
 tion will admitt, and fixing the same to the most conspicuous natural 
 & durable Marks, that may be the least subject to Uncertainty or 
 Variation : to be Bounded Southward by the Southern Bounds of the 
 Province, & Eastwardly by the said Octeraroe Creek ; and from thence 
 the Northern Line to be by them run as aforesaid, to the said Hills, 
 from thence the main northern or easterly Branch thereof, above the 
 Forks of the said River, to lie open to the Westward and Northward 
 till further Order shall be given therein ; And to make Report of their 
 Proceedings to this Board." 
 
 May 2, 1729 : " A Return being made by the Order 
 dated the 20th day of February last, for running a Division 
 Line in the County of Chester, & settling the Boundaries 
 of the County to be erected in the back parts of this ProVr 
 ince towards Sasquehaonah, pursuant to the Minute of 
 Council of the 20th of said February, the same was read, 
 approved, & confirmed, & is in these Words : 
 
 "Pursuant to «, Warrant from the Honourable Patrick Gordon 
 Esquire, Lieutenant Governour of the Province of Pensilvania & 
 Counties of Newcastle, Kent & Sussex upon Delaware, bearing date 
 the 22d day of February last past, We whose Names are hereunto 
 subscribed, mett together on the 17th day of March, 1728-9, near the 
 bead of the Northern Branch of Ootararoe Creek, and with the As- 
 sistance of John Taylor, Surveyor of the County of Chester, run a 
 Line from the said Branch to the River Schuylkill, according to the 
 Courses following, viz : Beginning on a Corner marked White Oak 
 standing on the Eastern side of the said Branch on the Land of John 
 Minshall, thence North East by North five hundred & Eighty Perches 
 to a Chestnut Oak standing on the top of a barren Mountain at the 
 head of the Branches of the said Octeraroe Creek, thence along the 
 said Mountain North East by East three hundred & forty Perches to 
 a Chestnut Tree, thence North North Bast four hundred and forty 
 Perches to a White Oak, by a Branch of Pcquea Creek, thence, con- 
 tinning the same Course along the said Mountain four hundred and 
 Eighty perches to a Chestnut Oak, thence North by East seven bun- 
 dred Perches to a white Oak near a small Branch of Brandywine 
 Creek, thence North by West six hundred & sixteen Perches to a 
 Chestnut tree standing on the Top of a Mountain at the head of the 
 Western Branch of the said Brandywine Creek, thence East North 
 Bast along the said Mountain two; thousand two hundred and twenty 
 
 Perches to a Chestnut tree near the Western Branch of the French 
 Creek, thence North East by East three hundred & fifty Perches to a 
 red Oak, thence North East one hundred & ninety Perches to a Chest- 
 nut Oak near another Branch of the said French Creek, thence North 
 East by North two thousand one hundred Perches to a Corner marked 
 White Oak standing by the said River Schuylkill about three Quar- 
 ters of a Mile below the House of John Burroughs. 
 
 "HE>fRY Hayes, Tobias Hendricks, 
 
 Samuel Holungsworth, Samdel Blunston, 
 
 Philip Taylor, Andrew Cornish, 
 
 Bli^ha Gatchel, Thomas Edwards, 
 
 James James, John Musgrave. 
 
 John Wright, 
 "And the upper parts of this Province described as aforesaid, are 
 hereby declared to be Erected, A are accordingly Erected into a 
 County, by the name of LANCASTER COUNTY. And 'TIS OR- 
 DERED that the same be signified to the House of Representatives, 
 & the Return laid before them for their Direction in describing the 
 Boundaries thereof in the Bill now before them for establishing Courts 
 of Judicature, Ac, within the same." 
 
 On May 10, 1729, the Assembly passed " An Act for 
 erecting the upper parts of the Province of Pennsylvania, 
 lying towards Susquehanna, Conestoga, Donegal, &o., ifito 
 a county," the preamble and first section of which recite the 
 petition and define the division line. Subsequent sections 
 make provision for the holding of courts, continuance of 
 existing suits, appointment of trustees to build a court-house 
 and prison, the levying and collecting of taxes, and other 
 matters necessary in the organization of a new county. 
 
 The Grovernor of Maryland manifested some alarm on 
 this occasion from a misapprehension that the commission- 
 ers began the line at the mouth of Octorara Creek. That 
 part of the line near the Schuylkill was somewhat altered 
 by the erection of Berks County in 1752.* 
 
 March 29, 1727. The Indians living on or near a 
 branch of the Brandywine complained to the Governor 
 and Council that their fishing was hindered by the erection 
 of a mill and dam on that creek, in New Castle County. 
 It appears there was a law in the lower counties re- 
 quiring this dam to be left open in the fishing season, 
 which had not been complied with. 
 
 In 1729 they again made complaint of being disturbed 
 in their possessions on Brandywine Creek, which will be 
 noticed under the head of Newlin township. 
 
 Hannah Penn, the widow of the late proprietary, and 
 his grandson, Springett, having died, John, Thomas, and 
 Richard, his three sons, became joint proprietaries of Penn- 
 sylvania. Thomas Penn came over to the province for the 
 
 * On the 10th of February, 1801, an act of Assembly was passed 
 authorizing the Governor to appoint commissioners " to run out, mark, 
 and fix that part of the lines between the counties of Lancaster and 
 Chester, from a point where the said lines make a corner near the 
 Horseshoe road on the Welsh Mountain, to such point On the Octorara 
 Creek, as in the opinion of the commissioners may be necessary, 
 which lines when so run and fixed to be and remain the lines dividing 
 the counties of Lancaster and Chester, respectively." Commissioners 
 were appointed under this act, who ran and marked the line as now 
 existing between the points designated. 
 
 In 1859 a survey was made by Beynard Way, Esq., and others, 
 commissioners appointed for that purpose, of the lines bounding the 
 northwest corner of Chester County, from where the Conestoga turn- 
 pike road crosses the northern boundary, near the village of Spring- 
 field, to where the Downingtown, Ephrata and Harrisburg turnpike 
 road (commonly known as the Horseshoe turnpike) crosses the west- 
 ern boundary northwest from the village of Waynesburg. A draft of 
 the lines thus surveyed is on file in the clerk's ofBce at West Chester. 
 
44 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 first time in 1732, and arrived at Chester on the afternoon 
 of the 11th of August. An express was immediately sent 
 to Philadelphia, where the Assembly and Council were in 
 session. The secretary of the Council was forthwith dis- 
 patched to Chester, with the compliments and congratula- 
 tions of the Governor and board to the new joint pro- 
 prietary upon his safe arrival, and " to acquaint him that 
 to-morrow morning they would in person pay their respects 
 to him." Accordingly, on the next day, the Governor and 
 all the members of Council who were able to travel, accom- 
 panied by a very large number of gentlemen, visited Ches- 
 ter, " waited on the Honorable Proprietary and paid him 
 their compliments. After dinner the Proprietary with his 
 company, now grown very numerous, sett out for Philadel- 
 phia, near to which place be was met by the Mayor, Re- 
 corder, and Aldermen, with a great body of People. The 
 Recorder, in the name of the Mayor and Commonalty of the 
 City, made a congratulatory speech, which the Proprietary 
 answered, &c." On the 15th of the month the representa- 
 tives sent in their "SitmLIe address," which contains much 
 less adulation than was betrayed by the part taken by the 
 Governor, Council, and municipal authorities of the city in 
 the affair. 
 
 Late at night on the 19th of September, 1734, news of 
 the arrival of John Penn, the elder brother of Thomas, was 
 brought to Philadelphia by express from New Castle. Early 
 on the next morning his brother, Thomas Penn, with a 
 number of gentlemen, proceeded to Chester to receive him, 
 but he did not land there until late in the evening, and re- 
 mained there all night. On the morning of the 21st the 
 party proceeded towards Philadelphia, and were met at the 
 Schuylkill by the mayor, recorder, and commonalty, as in 
 the case of his brother Thomas. John did not remain Ions 
 in the country, but returned the next year to adjust some 
 dispute that Lord Baltimore had raised in respect to the 
 interminable boundary question.. 
 
 BOTJNDAET LINE TROUBLES. 
 An agreement had been entered into by the Penn and 
 Baltimore proprietaries on the 10th of May, 1732, by 
 which a settlement of the border difficulties promised to 
 become easy. After the arrival of Thomas Penn attempts 
 were made to carry out the agreement, but the commission- 
 ers of the two provinces failed to put the same interpreta- 
 tion upon it, and the troubles continued. So much interest 
 was aroused in the subject here that Friends, as a body, were 
 drawn to take part in it. 
 
 At Quarterly MeetiDg at Concord 3, 13, 1734. "A Letter wne pro- 
 duced here in respect to the dirition Between the proprietors of 
 Maryland and PensHvania directed to the Second-day morning meet- 
 ing, and meeting for Sufferings, in London, with desires that they 
 might make such use of it as they might think proper; which was 
 agreed to be signed by friends of this meeting, and that it be deliv- 
 ered to Aaron James, Joseph Gilpin, Joseph Brinton and Samuel 
 Levis, to shew it to our proprietor, and if he think it proper, and re- 
 quest the same, that then the said persons send the same to the 
 said meeting; but if not that it he returned here next meeting." 
 
 6, 12, 1734 : " The friends appointed to wait on the proprietor with 
 the Letter sent from our meeting to the Second-day morning meet- 
 ing and meeting for sufferings in London Report they were with him 
 and that ho took the regard friends had for the affair very kindly and 
 thought it might be of service were it sent home which accordingly 
 is forwarded." 
 
 3, 12, 1735. "The correspondance on this side having commnni- 
 cated to this meeting the several letters they have received from 
 those at London, together with a copy of a petition which our friends 
 there have so kindly on our behalf presented to the king in Council 
 when the L'd. Baltimore had put in one which indeed rises in the 
 request of it even to the extremity of our apprebentions and friends 
 at this meeting taking again the affair under their solid and further 
 consideration do Judge it proper and necessary that a petition from 
 this meeting be presented to the King in Council, whereupon one 
 being drawn was read approved of and signed in this meeting as also 
 a letter to our friends in London acknowledging their ready and kind 
 endeavours on our behalf on a representation sent last year from this 
 meeting to them and are ordered to be delivered into the hands of 
 Isaac Norris and Israel Pemberton in order to be conveyed to the 
 correspondance at Home." 
 
 The following document is the petition referred to : 
 
 " To George the Second, King of Great Britain, etc., In Councill : 
 
 " The Petition of the People call'd Quakers, from their Quarterly 
 Meeting, held at Concord the 12th day of the third month (May), 
 1735, comprehending all of that Profession who inhabit within the 
 County of Chester, in the Province of Pensilvania, and the Countys 
 of New Castle, Kent, and Sussex on Delaware in America, Humbly 
 Sheweth, 
 
 " That the mnjority of the first adventurers for settling and culti- 
 vating these Countrys under William Penn, our late Proprietor and 
 Governour, being Quakers, chearfully transported themselves and 
 ffamilys from their native Land that they might in this Retreat enjoy 
 Base and Quiet. And many of them contentedly relying on Divine 
 Providence spent considerable substance, and without repining under- 
 went scarcity and many hardships before, by the blessing of God on 
 their diligence and Labour, they could bring the Wilderness to afford 
 them necessary subsistanoe. 
 
 " That they found a, number of People, Sweeds, Dutch, and Eng- 
 lish, settled on the most convenient places along the River and Bay 
 of Delaware, Subjects of the Crown of England under the Govern- 
 ment of the then Dnko of York's Lieutenant Residing at New York, 
 and the said William Penn having obtained a grant from James the 
 said Duke of York for that Tract of Land lying on the westerly side 
 of the aforesaid River and Bay between the province-of Pensilvania 
 on the North, and a place then called the Whorekill near the Ocean 
 on the South ; many of the said adventurers purohacing under Wil- 
 liam Penn, intermixed with those Prior Settlers on the said Tract, 
 now called New Castle, Kent, and Sussex, and living peaceably to- 
 gether and with those who settled the Province became as one people, 
 and by their just and kind behaviour toward the Indian natives have 
 obtained their Love and ffriendship, and under the providence of 
 Allmighty God hitherto escaped such troubles and wars as have un- 
 happily befallen some other Collonies in America. 
 
 " That the few of those first adventurers who are yet alive among 
 us with their Descendants and Successors on the borders of Maryland 
 perceiving that the L* Baltimore by his Commissioners declin'd exe- 
 cuting the agreement for Settling the boundaries, and hearing of the 
 threatening us'd by some of the Inhabitants of that Colony that the 
 said Ld Baltimore would use his endeavours to possess our Lands and 
 our Labour. We requested our ffriends in Britain to give us their assist- 
 ance in representing our case to the King, if there should be occasion, 
 not doubting, from the knowledge we had of their affection and Duty 
 to Thy Person and Government, but that they would be favourably 
 heard. Who, accordingly, as we are informed, when the Ld Balti- 
 more presented His petition for a grant of the whole Peninsula, on 
 part of which many of us dwell, Did, on our behalf, humbly peti- 
 tion the King in Councill against it, truly shewing the danger if he 
 should succeed of our being divested or abridg'd of our Civil rights, 
 and of that freedom in our Religious perswasion which we have 
 hitherto happily enjoyed, and which has been our support under the 
 hardships and Labours we have undergone in Cultivating this new 
 part of thy Dominion. 
 
 " That neither our distance from the Throne or low Estate in the 
 World can deprive us of that due senoe we have of the real Blessing! 
 and Benefit we enjoy under thy mild Government, which everything 
 we hear and feel raises in our minds and establishes our dependance 
 on thy Justice and Benevolence, Giving us the assurance humbly to 
 beseech thee to take our case into Consideration, and then we have good 
 Cause to hope That the prayer of the Petition of Charles Ld Balti- 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 45 
 
 more for a, Grant of that part of the Peninsula which was inhabited 
 by Europeans Before the date of the Charter granted by King Charles 
 the first to his predecessors, and never posses'd or Cultivated by them 
 or any under Them, bat constantly in the occupation of those first 
 Inhabitants and their successors who became and remain subjects of 
 the Crown of Great Britain, Will appear too unreasonable to be 
 granted, and that Our King will be graciously pleas'd to continue 
 to us the Liberty we have so Long ISnjoyd. 
 
 "With sincere prayers for Thy Land, Life, and Happiness in this 
 World and Eternal felicity, we ffor ourselves and in behalf of many 
 pf our Brethren members of this meeting, subscribe Thy Loving and 
 SutifuU Subjects, 
 
 " Joseph Gillpin, Benj. Mendenhall, 
 
 Joseph England, Michael Lightfoot, 
 
 William Brinton, Joha Mendenhall, 
 
 Joseph Pennock, Sam' Levis, 
 
 Abraham Marshall, Aaron Mendenhall, 
 
 John Pennell, W" Clayton, 
 
 William Hammans, Jn" Buffington, 
 
 W"» Webb, Nathan Lewis, 
 
 Jeremiah Starr, George Smedle, 
 
 Christopher Wilson, Josiah Hibberd, 
 
 Eran Lewis, Thomas Fell, 
 
 Thomas Dell, John Davis, 
 
 Jacob Vernon, W" ffarson, 
 
 John Williamson, Sam' Jackson, 
 
 Aaron James, Francis Windle, 
 
 George Robinson, Ellis Lewis, 
 
 Thomas Babb, Tim7 Hanson, 
 
 Joseph Townsend, Samuel Lewis, 
 
 David Davies, William Cnerton, 
 
 Samuel Painter, Ralph Earenson, 
 
 Jn°McCoole, John Newlin, 
 
 John Smith, Mordecai Yarnall, 
 
 Jos. Brinton, Thomas Vernon, 
 
 Wm. Pim, Joseph Hoskins, 
 
 John Sharpies, John Newlin, 
 
 Henry Oborn. Moses Key, 
 
 Job Harvey, Samuel Painter. 
 
 John Ashbridge, Joshua Johnson, 
 
 Amos Yarnall, Thomas Yarnall, 
 
 Thomas Gilpin, Joseph Chambers, 
 
 Samuel Garret, William Webster, 
 
 Joseph Eavenson, Peter Hatton, 
 
 Cadwalader Jones, Sam' Lightfoot, 
 
 Lewis Lewis, Caleb Pierce, 
 
 Richard Eavenson, Richard ButBngton, 
 
 Richard Jones, Joseph Sharpies, 
 
 Joseph Fennel, Peter Dicks, 
 
 Isaac Haines, Jeremiah Dane, 
 
 Thomas Hollingsworth, Jacob Chandler, 
 
 James Gibbons, Tho. Chandler, 
 
 Jbs. Hollingsworth, Thomas Carleton, 
 
 Tho. Goodwin, John Salkeld, Jun'', 
 
 Evan Jenkin, John Dutton, 
 
 George Wilson, Edward Brinton, 
 
 Sam' Greave, John Cook, 
 
 John Greave, John Hutton, 
 
 Samuel Greave, Jun', Thomas Hiett, 
 
 Jonathan Greave, Samuel Miller, 
 
 William Dickson, Samuel Miller, 
 
 Henry Dickson, William Harlan, 
 
 George Gregg, William Miller, 
 
 Joseph Hadly, Shedrech Scarlet, 
 
 Richard Gregg, Benjamin Johnson, 
 
 Samuel Gregg, Joseph Williams, 
 
 Joseph Gregg, Thomas McClnn, 
 
 George Gregg, J', John Bezer, 
 
 Benj» ffred, Hattill Vorman, 
 
 Thos. Jackson, • Robert Wilson, 
 
 Willm Pennock, Obadiah Johnson, 
 
 John fincher, Thomas Messer, 
 
 Isaac Jackson, Caleb Cowpland, 
 
 Tho. Milhoue, Jacob Howell, 
 
 James Smith, William Home, 
 
 Jn° Richardson, 
 Joseph Robinson, 
 Tho. Empson, 
 Timo. Hanson, Ju'^, 
 John Bowers, 
 David Morgan, 
 William Skinner, 
 Samuel Hanson, 
 Timothy Jenkins, 
 Joshua Clayton, 
 John Cowgill, 
 Joseph Crispin. 
 Thomas Cowgill, 
 W" Coain (?), 
 Ralph Needham, 
 Tho= Berry, 
 Watman Sipell, 
 John Sipell, 
 John Cooke, 
 John Chicken, 
 John Tomlin, 
 John Emerson, 
 Caleb Hnnn, 
 Waightman Sipple, 
 Daniel Nock, 
 Absalom Manlove, 
 Benjamin Warren, 
 John Garrettson, 
 Stephen Lewis, 
 Edward Blake, 
 John Hogg, 
 Tho. Wilson, 
 William Pasmore, 
 Adam Kirk, 
 John Carleten. 
 Jacob Hollingsworth, 
 Henry Green." 
 
 Isaac Jackson, 
 John Cain, 
 William Jackson, 
 Francis Hobson, 
 Joseph Hutton, 
 Jeremiah Wollaston, 
 Richard Chambers, 
 Alexand' Underwood, 
 William Chambers, 
 W" Miller, 
 Tho. Thornbrugh, 
 James Jackson, 
 Mark Manlove, Juner, 
 John Edmunds, 
 Robert Edmunds, 
 Joseph Booth, 
 James Morris, 
 Luke Manlove, 
 Ebenezer Manlove, 
 A"" England, 
 Nath' Bowman, 
 Thomas Bowman, 
 Beqjamin Barrett, 
 Benjamin Barret, Jun', 
 Sam' Barrett, 
 Benjamin Shurmer, 
 Simon Hadly, 
 Eliakim Hnssey, 
 Geo. Hogg, 
 John Hill, 
 Rich* ffew, 
 Benja Swott, 
 Nicholas Meers, 
 Swithin Chandler, 
 Jos" Harlan, 
 Jn° Heald, 
 Alphonsus Kirk, 
 James Phillips, 
 
 In the year 1736 there culminated one of those riotous 
 outbreaks caused by the unsettled state of the Maryland 
 bounds. Some Germans having settled on the west side of 
 the Susquehanna, several miles north of the temporary line, 
 were at first induced to acknowledge themselves in Mary- 
 land, but afterwards, discovering their error, renounced the 
 authority of that province in favor of Pennsylvania. The 
 Deputy Governor of Maryland went among them to urge 
 their adherence to Lord Baltimore, but without avail. The 
 design was then formed of turning them out of their pos- 
 sessions by an armed force, of which the command was 
 given to the notorious Thomas Cresap, whose residence was 
 in Pennsylvania. In order to hold the lands so obtained, 
 offers were secretly made to other persons that they might 
 have them on condition of acknowledging the authority of 
 Maryland. About the time of the discovery of this design 
 the sheriff of Lancaster County was directed to arrest Cresap 
 for the murder of Knowles Dant, which was only accom- 
 plished after the burning of his house and the killing of 
 one of his party, on the 24th of November. It appears 
 from the following papers that several persons in Chester 
 County were concerned in this conspiracy : 
 
 " Gentlemen, — As a most wicked conspiracy hath been lately dis- 
 covered to be carried on by several of the Inhabitants of your county 
 in conjunction with the Governor of Maryland, with Intention by 
 force of arms to turn out of their Houses and Plantations the Per- 
 sons and Familys of more than fifty of his majestys subjects inhabit- 
 ing this Province, the execution of which it is very probable might 
 have been attended with the most unhappy consequences to the peo- 
 ple on both sides, and to the very great disturbance of the King's 
 Peace ; and as it is absolutely necessary, in order to apply a propper 
 
46 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 remedy to so dangerous a disorder, that some persons should use their 
 endeavours to discover any hesides those whose names wee already 
 have that are concerned in the association, and that any who are 
 leaders, and on whom others depend, may be committed as disturbers 
 of the Peace till they can find security, or be otherwise discharged by 
 due course of Law. 
 
 " I have thought propper to desire that you would do this accepta- 
 ble service to your country as well as to myself, and believe it would 
 be convenient for you to call at the house of W™ Miller, where I am 
 informed commissary Henderson and Benjamin Tasker made propo- 
 sals to some of these Persons that you would examine the said W™ 
 Miller with Jeremiah Starr & Eobert Smith, or any other persons 
 likely to inform you the true state of ^his ill designed affair. For the 
 rest I leave it to your good management, and desiring that no time 
 may be lost either in the examination you shall make, or the Report 
 you will send me thereon, I conclude, 
 
 " Your very Loving Friend, 
 "Tho. Penk. 
 
 "Philadelphia, November the 18th, 1736. 
 "To Joseph Brinton, Caleb Cowpland, Joseph Pennock, W™ Webb, 
 
 and John Taylor." 
 " May it please the Prop' 
 
 " In obedience to thy Letters of the 18"> Instant, we have Used our 
 Utmost endeauor to Discover the principal p'sons who were Concerned 
 in the late Unhappy Conspiracy, & have taken several Examinations 
 inclosed, which we Consider is all that can be had at p'sent relating 
 to the State of the Ill-designed affair. 
 
 '* We shall make the best Enquiry we possiby can for the future to 
 discover all persons now or that shall be hereafter concerned in such 
 vile practices, in order that they may he brought to Justice, and are 
 the Prop" Sincere ffrd^, 
 
 "Jos, Brinton, 
 "Caleb Cowpland, 
 "Joseph Pennock, 
 " Wm. Webb, 
 "Jno. Taylok. 
 
 "81" 23*, 1736." 
 
 The following is the deposition of Jeremiah Starr, 1736 : 
 
 "Jeremiah Starr, of the County of Chester, Teom., aged forty- 
 Seven Years or thereabouts, being one of the people called Quakers, 
 ■upon his Solemn affirmation according to law doth declare and affirm 
 That his Cousin, Thomas Thompson, told him that Jacob Henderson, 
 the Commissary of Maryland, had by Letter recommended him to 
 Thomas Oresap to be showed some land on the west side of Sasque- 
 hannah River, and that t^ Thomas Thompson, one John Star, and 
 William Bowmer went accordingly, aiid was Shewed the land which 
 was Settled by Dutch people, and he the s* Thomas Thompson Chose 
 for himself a Certain piece thereof whereon was a Settlement and a 
 Corn-Mill, and that the s* John Star told this affirm' that he went 
 with Cresap to the Governour of Maryland, who granted him and 
 his ffricnds the Land and told them that if they would be true & 
 faithful! Subjects to Lord Baltimore he would defend them, and 
 promised to patent the Lands to them at four shillings ^ Hundred 
 quitrent — paying only Survey fees for the patent. And that Henry 
 Monday told this affirm' that he proposed to the Gov' of Maryland a 
 Method for the Gaining the possession of those Lands, and thereupon 
 it was Resolved by that Governour & his Council that the Malitia of 
 that Government Should be ready about ye end of this Month to take 
 & give the possession of the Lands af* to Monday and his friends. 
 
 "And this affirm' Saith that some of the ^sons who subscribed to 
 a petition Sent to Henry Mondy for some of the ai^ Land, told him 
 that the Governour of Maryland promised to supply them with armes 
 for their defense against tho Inhabitants of Pensilvania, and would 
 ffind provision for them till Next Spring. 
 
 "Jerm. Starr. 
 "Affirmed the 22'* day of November, 1736, before us, 
 
 "Caleb Cowpland, 
 "Jos. Brinton." 
 
 Similar depositions were made by William Miller, of New 
 Garden, John Starr and William Downard, of London 
 Grove, and John Coats, of Chester County, some of them 
 beinig before other justices. Starr and Downard were 
 weavers, not Quakers, and the first aged about fifty years. 
 
 The proceedings in Council, Nov. 23, 1736, were as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 " The President acquainted the Board that a Discovery had lately 
 been made of an Association or Engagement entered into by several 
 persons living in or about New Garden, in the County of Chester, 
 who having received some Encouragement from the Governor of 
 Maryland A others in Authority there, had undertaken to oust by 
 Force of Arms those Dutch Families settled on the west side of Sas- 
 quehannah, within this Province against whom the late hostile Prepa- 
 rations of Maryland was intended and to possess themselves of their 
 Plantations which they proposed to draw Lotts for, & acknowledging 
 to hold them in Right of the Proprietary of Maryland, they were to 
 defend those Possessions against this Government; that for this End 
 Arms & Ammunition were provided and lodged at the House of one 
 Righy, in Baltimore County, & every thing was in readiness for car- 
 rying their Design into Execution ; That on making this Discovery a 
 Warrant was issued here by one of the Provincial Judges for appre- 
 hending several Persons concerned in this unlawful! Association 
 particularly one Henry Munday who, from the Information given 
 appeared to be one of the principal Persons in conducting it, and that 
 such Care and Diligence had been used in executing the said Warrant, 
 that Munday was taken at his House that very day, when he expected 
 a Rendezvous of the Party, and had sundry Papers relating to the 
 Conspiracy lying before him and several Letters to Persons in Mary- 
 land on this subject just finished and ready to be forwarded, all which 
 were with himself secured; and one Edward Leet another of the 
 Persons embarqued with him in this Design, being likewise appre- 
 hended they were brought to Town in Custody and are now under 
 Confinement; but that one Charles Higginbotham a principal Per- 
 son in the said Design, had escaped; That as this Matter highly con- 
 cerns the Peace of this Province and the safety of its Inhabitants, 
 the Board is called together to take the whole into their Consideration 
 and if they think fitt to examine Munday and Leet from whose Ex- 
 aminations some further Discoveries may probably be made. 
 
 " Then were laid before the Board the several Papers which were 
 found with Munday on his being apprehended, to witt : 
 
 "An Application to him signed by thirty-one Persons in these 
 Words : 
 "Mr. Henry Munday: 
 
 "Sir: — We the underneath subscribers, being informed that there 
 is some vacant Land & Plantations near Sasquehannah river that were 
 settled by some Dutch Families, and that the said Land were by them 
 located by Warrants issuing from the Land Office in the province of 
 Maryland, as of the right and property of the Lord Baltimore ; and 
 that since the said Dutch Families hath disclaimed the Right and 
 Property of the said Lord Baltimore, and hath taken Umbrage under 
 the Proprietarys Penns; That we are informed that the absolute Fee 
 and Right to the said Land is within the Limits and Bounds of the 
 Lord Baltimore's Patent or Charter; That the Lord's chief Agent 
 hath and doth give Encouragement for the resettling the said vacant 
 Plantations and Land. We therefore pray and request that you will 
 in our behalf and stead interceed with the Governor and Agent to 
 settle us in such vacant Land or plantations, and we shall all be will- 
 ing to pay such Fee or Rent charge as his Lordship usually demands, 
 and we shall with our Lives and Fortunes defend the same, and be 
 subject to the Laws of his Province, and defend his right for which 
 service S' we shall be all your very much obliged. 
 " Thomas Charlton, John Limis, 
 
 John Charlton, John Coates, 
 
 Edward Charlton, Robert Jessop, 
 
 John Charlton, Junr., George Moore, 
 
 Thomas Charlton, Junr., Robert Moore, 
 
 Arthur Charlton, Gibbons Jennings, 
 
 Richard Sedgwick, Thomas Scarlett, 
 
 William Betty, Will™ Downard, 
 
 William Betty, Sr., James Henthorn, 
 
 James Downard, Henry Charlton, 
 
 James Starr, • Richard Pope, 
 
 Daniel Onoal, Samuel Williamson, 
 
 George Bond, John Carter, 
 
 Rich* Ryan, Moses Starr, 
 
 Thomas Limis, Joseph Moss." 
 
 Will"" Limis, . ' 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 47 
 
 "A list of the Names of several Persona, ranged in three columns 
 with a Certificate signed by GoTf Ogle that he had given Instructions 
 to the Deputy Surveyor for laying out tvfo hundred Acres of Land to 
 each, nhich Names and Certifloatea are as follows : 
 " Henry Munday, Thomas Moore, Thomas Charlton, 
 
 Edward Leet, Bichard Kyan, John Charlton, Senr, 
 
 Charl. Higginbotham, George Bond, Edward Chnrlton, 
 
 James Raine, Thomas Llnasa, John Charlton, 
 
 John Smith, ■William Linass, Thomas Charlton, Junr., 
 
 Hugh Kaine, John Linass, Artliur Charlton, 
 
 James Nickleson, John Coats, Henry Charlton, Junr., ■ 
 
 Bobert Trotter, Robert Jesson, Bichard Sedgwick, 
 
 Bobert Rowland, George Hoore, William Betty, 
 
 Will" Miles, Bobert Moore, William Betty, Junr., 
 
 William Greenlee, Gibbons Jennings, William Webb. 
 
 Stephen White, Tho. Scarlet, 
 
 John Cross, William Carpenter, 
 
 John Kaine, Senr., Bichard Pope, 
 
 John Kaine, 
 Edward Eyiy, 
 PatriclE Savage, 
 Arthur Browlee, 
 James Love, 
 Anthony Bixon, 
 £enj<^ Dixon, 
 
 John Morrow, / Thomaa Dawson, 
 
 Thorn. King, o" ">« """'si"*' [ John Dawson." 
 
 Ralph nigginbotham, 
 John McNabb, 
 James McGee, 
 
 " Whereas, Application hath been made to me by Henry Munday, 
 Edw* Leet, and Charles Higginbotham, & forty-nine Persons by them 
 mentioned, I have given Instructions to Thomas White, DepT Sur- 
 veyor, to lay out, and in the names of the said Persons, two hundred 
 acres for each Person. 
 
 " Sam. Ogle." 
 
 A letter from Henry Munday, Maryland, to the Rev. 
 Mr. Jacob Henderson, in these words : 
 
 "Reteeend Sir: 
 
 " I wrote to you from Annapolis (which freedom I hope youMl 
 please to excuse with the freedom of this) concerning settling some 
 Persons, Inhabitants here, on vacant Plantations near Suaquehan- 
 nah. I met with a disappointment in securing a preference or first 
 Choice for them as I proposed, occasioned by the cinister Ends and 
 Practice of two Persons who made bead of a separate Party against 
 me. Notwithstanding I first- apprized them of the Design and they 
 promised me to come in as Copartners. It is agreed that both Parties 
 take their chance by Letts drawn. The Names of the Persons are 
 ranged in three Columns as directed to the Surveror, the third col- 
 umn is filled up with the Names Tho. Charlton [and others-as already 
 given] ; That there is some Persons in the first column whose Charac- 
 ter is not so good as could be desired by those now recited, which are 
 Persons I presume well known to you, who hath a Relyance on 
 your friendship in this Affair, As yon being the first that projected 
 the settling the said Lands and Plantations, may have such Influence 
 on the Govern' notwithstanding the Directions given for those that 
 did apply to appear at the Place to take Possessions of their several 
 Lotts by the last of this month. Mr. Henry Charlton had the mis- 
 fortune to break his Legg, the Journey of your Kinsmen to Virginia, 
 &, other Lets & Hinderances, of those Persona that beggs and requests 
 your care in using such measures that they may not be precluded or 
 foreclosed from the benefit of the Governor's Grant, notwithstanding 
 they do not appear to draw their Lotts at the time proposed. Your 
 assistance in this will not only oblige those Gentlemen (in whose favor 
 r take the freedom in giving so much trouble) but me, who am, 
 "Sir, 
 
 " Your most obliged humble servant, 
 " Henry Munuay. 
 
 " London Grove, 7= 14"" of November, 1736." 
 
 A paper addressed to Messrs. Betties, in these words : 
 
 " November y» U% 1736. 
 " Mess" Betties : 
 
 " If Instructions can be sent to Cap' Crissop to return so many of 
 the Names- of the vacant Plantations, reserving eleven of the best. 
 
 which is the number of the third Column, Then every person that 
 appears to draw hath his equal chance. 
 
 " Y" B'., 
 "Henry Munday. 
 " Cap' Crissop send to the Parties to come to draw their Lotts by 
 next Saturday." 
 
 Nov. 24, 1736, Edward Leet, of Marlborough, yeoman, 
 aged about seventy-one years, being examined by the 
 Council, stated that Munday had shown him a petition^ 
 about a month past, signed by several of his neighbors ; 
 and a few days after Charles Higginbotham came and asked 
 him to go to Annapolis about some lands in Maryland. 
 He, wishing to take up some not only for himself but for 
 eight of his. cousins, agreed to go, and with them went John 
 Smith, John Henthorn, Hugh Kaine, John Kaine, and 
 James Nicholson. On their way they lodged at Thomas 
 Cresap's house and viewed some lands in that neighborhood. 
 Upon calling on Governor Ogle, of Maryland, he told them 
 he intended to dispossess the Dutch on Susquehanna, and 
 would give to Leet and his companions each two hundred 
 acres of their lands. While at Annapolis, Henry Munday 
 came and presented a paper to the Governor, signed by sev- 
 eral persons, for the lands on Susquehanna, and seemed 
 displeased that Higginbotham had been before him in his 
 application. 
 
 " Henry Munday, of London Grove, saddler, aged about 
 forty-eight years," being examined on November 25th, stated 
 that about the latter end of September, Thomas Thomson, 
 of London Grove, told him of meeting at William Miller's 
 with Rev. Jacob Henderson (his brother-in-law), and Ben- 
 jamin Tasker, Esq., of Maryland, then on their way to 
 Philadelphia. Thomson mentioned a desire for some land 
 for himself and sons, whereupon Tasker gave him a letter 
 to some person in Maryland, now supposed to be Cresap. 
 Thomson, with John Star and William Downard, went 
 toward Lancaster, and crossing Susquehanna called upon 
 Cresap, who showed them some vacant plantations and 
 others inhabited by Dutch people. Star then proceeded to 
 Annapolis, and on his return informed that Governor 
 Ogle had agreed to grant those lands to Star, Thomson, 
 Downard, Thomson's two sons, and these other persons who 
 are friends or relations of Star and Downard, to wit : James 
 Star, Ja. Hinthorn, John Hinthorn, Nathaniel Dawson, 
 
 James Downard, and one Savor, an attorney-at-law. 
 
 At Downard's suggestion, Munday had drawn up a paper 
 for those desiring lands to sign, and carried it to several of 
 those who signed it. After a visit to Annapolis he sent 
 notice to several to meet him ; and accordingly, on the 8th 
 instant, Robert Ryan, John Coats, George Moore, Henry 
 Charlton, Richard Sedgwick, William Betty, and William 
 Betty, Jr., met at the house late of Moses Harlan, now 
 possessed by Thomas Linus, one of the signers to the peti- 
 tion. Another meeting was appointed on the 15th, on 
 which day he was apprehended. 
 
 In a preliminary declaration Munday alludes to an ex- 
 pensive suit in chancery, by which he had lost above fourteen 
 hundred pounds, and for this reason thought of trying his 
 fortune in another province. He was doubtless the person 
 who married Prudence, the widow of James Sandelands, 
 Jr., of Chester, about whose estate there was much litiga- 
 tion. 
 
48 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 In Council, Nov. 29, 1736, " The minute of the preceed- 
 ing Council being read and approved, 
 
 " A Draught of the Letter to the Magistrates of Chester 
 County thereby directed was laid before the Board by the 
 Secretary, which being read was approved, and the Presi- 
 dent is desired in behalf of the Council to sign the same 
 in these Words" : 
 
 " Philajielphu, Novem' 29th, 1736. 
 " Gentlemen : 
 
 " The seasonable DisooTery of the late wicked Design, which from 
 the Encouragement of our unkind Neighbours of Maryland was sett 
 on foot &, upon the Point of being carried into Execution, for ousting 
 by Force of Arms those Dutch Families settled on the west side of 
 Sasqaehannah in the County of Lancaster within the unquestionable 
 Bounds of this Province and the apprehending of some of the Per- 
 sons who were principally concerned in promoting within your County 
 the Association for this purpose having for the present, we hope, de- 
 feated the evil Intentions of those who by such practices would have 
 introduced the utmost Confusion and Disorder amongst fiis Majesty's 
 Subjects of this Government, We have had it under our Consideration 
 in what manner those Disturbers of the Publick Peace ought to be 
 proceeded against, and altho' we are clearly of Opinion that the Of- 
 fence is of so heinous a Nature as would well justify a severe Prose- 
 cution of every one concerned in it, yet there is some Reason to be- 
 lieve that many of them wei:e, by the Artifices and Misrepresentations 
 of the Kingleaders, unwarily led into the Design without considering 
 its Tendency or the ill Effects it might produce we are unwilling that 
 these misguided Persons should be equally subjected to a Prosecution 
 with those who are more criminal j And, therefore, we think it proper 
 that you call before you as many of the said Associators as possibly 
 you can, & take their several Examinations apart letting them know 
 that according to the Candour of their Confessions they may expect 
 Favor ; & such of them as you shall find open and free in their Dis- 
 coveries and disposed to live for the future in due Obedience to this 
 Government, may, on a submission for their present Offence, and be- 
 coming bound on their own Recognizance for their good Behaviour, 
 be discharged without a Prosecution which by Reason of the Poverty 
 of many of them, might utterly ruin their Families, ' And of your 
 Proceedings herein acquaint us, who aro 
 
 "Tour Loving Friends." 
 
 An extra session of the Assembly was called to join with 
 the Council in a representation of the troubles between the 
 two provinces to the king. 
 
 " The Examination of Sarah 'Southby upon her oath saith y* upon, 
 ye 16 day of this Instant,, g""?, at y« house of Willm Downard, John 
 Owen y" High Sherife being there, as she beard, to take Charles Hick-r' 
 inbotom, she saw John Star take down a Gun but saw him do no 
 more, and saw John Henthorn knock down a man so y* y« blod Run 
 out of his head, and saw James Henthorn and Mary Henthorn strick 
 with stickes, and saw Jean Downard throw scalding broath and a stone 
 at y" Sherife which hit his shoulder, and saw Daniell Oneall strick y= 
 Sherife with his fists and' then went and got a how and threned to 
 strick any y' Came near him, and then he went and Cald the Hen- 
 thorns who knew nothing of it before. 
 
 " taken before me 
 
 " Abba : Emmit." 
 
 Deposition of George Aston, 1736 : 
 
 "George Aston, of the County of Chester, in the Province of Pen- 
 silvania, Sadler, aged ab' Fifty Years, being one of the People Called 
 Quakers, upon his Solemn Afiirmation, according to Law did Declare 
 and Affirm, That upon some Conversation happening between Thomas 
 Cresap, Robert Buchanan & this Affirm' on the road in Sight of the 
 City of Philadelphia, upon bringing the s* Cresap down from the 
 County of Lancaster, The said Cresap Said, Damn it, Aston, this is 
 one of the Prettyest Towns in Maryland. I have been a troublesome 
 ffellow, but by this last Jobb I have made a present of the two prov- 
 inces to the King, and that if the people found themselves in a better 
 Condition by the Change, they might thank Cresap for it, or words to 
 that Effect. 
 
 " Philadelphia Decb' 3d 1736. « Qeo, Aston. 
 
 "Taken before me, 
 
 " Clem. Pltjmsted, Uai/or." 
 
 Cresap was kept in irons for some time, but what dispo- 
 sition was eventually made of him the colonial records do 
 not show, except that his case was left to the judges of the 
 Supreme Court who ordered his arrest. 
 
 The condition of the public buildings at this time ap- 
 pears, by the following, not to have been very creditable : 
 
 " To the Gommiaaioners and Ataeamra of the County of Cheater : 
 " The Petition of Joseph Parker of Chester Humbly Sheweth 
 
 "That Whereas your Predecessors as the Guardians of the Publick 
 found an absolute Necessity for Erecting a Court house with other 
 Buildings for the better Accomodating the administration of Justice 
 which said Court house was at the Publick Expense Furnished with 
 Tables, Chairs, fire shovels. Tongs, Doggs, fenders, so many as was 
 Reasonably adjudged Necessary, And also procured an Order to be 
 Incerted amongst the Records of the said County, by the advice of the 
 Late Chief Justice, that the Clerk for the time being should Deposite 
 All the Records of the said County therein, as a place of greatest 
 security from accidents by fire, &e : and your Petitioner makes no 
 Doubt but your Predecessors as well as your selves appointed propper 
 Persons to take Care of the same But whoever the Persons Charge 
 the same was Committed to It is Apparent to Every Person that will 
 make nse of his Eyes that the Doors are most Commonly Left Open 
 for Horses and Cattle to go in and out at Pleasure, the Furniture 
 broke and Exceedingly Diminished,*and the place made a Oomon 
 Stage whereby Rude people Breaks the windows, Treads down the 
 Ceiling and Commits many Disorders, which, if not timely Prevented, 
 must End in the Ruin thereof. As the great Danger which proceed by 
 the person Intrusted by you with the Care thereof In making the 
 same a Dwelling house and keeping Fires therein for some months 
 Together. What I therefore we'd Desire that you would not think 
 this Complaint below your Notice but take such proper order for Rem- 
 edying the mischiefs Complained of as to you may seem most proper 
 & Convenient 
 
 " I am your Friend To Command 
 
 " Jo Parker. 
 
 "Jany 24th 1737." 
 
 " Memorandum that the Commissioners & Assessors of Chester 
 County have (yo first day of March, 1737-8) agreed with John Owen 
 to repair the Court House after the manner herein mentioned (viz) 
 The Lower floor and the Bar and to provide Convenient Seats for the 
 Petty Jury to sitt on when in Court, and to repair the windows and 
 shutters below stairs and above and the Chimney case in the Grand 
 Jury room and to repair the Three Tables belonging to the several 
 rooms, above stairs and the Benches and to fix a Turn'd Column or 
 Pillar to Support the Ceiling where the Bell rope comes thro' and to 
 cause the Ceiling to be Repaired, and to Provide as many Boards as 
 may lay a ffloor over the s'^ Ceiling and to make & put up shatters for 
 the Belfry (or place where the Bell hangs) and Likewise to make a 
 window in the Gable End in the Garret or Upper Room and glaze the 
 same, and to Endeavour to procure (with the help of Joseph Parker,) 
 the Chairs that is wanting belonging to the Court House as also the 
 Tongs and fire Shovels, and that the said John Owen accomplish or 
 Cause to be accomplished the afores* respective articles by the first 
 day of next May Court to be held at this County of Chester In Conr 
 sideration of the Performance of the said work the said John Owen 
 hath been allowed an Order on the Treasurer for five Pounds towards 
 the same <fc providing Materials John Owen." 
 
 " Chester, March y» 1, 1737-8." 
 
 John Owen appears to have purchased rivets, hooks, 
 nails, etc., from Jacob Lightfoot, in April and May, to the 
 value of two pounds thirteen shillings five pence, for repairs 
 of the court-house. 
 
 On June 29, 1737, Elisha Gatchell, Esq., of Bust Not- 
 tingham, being at the tavern of Thomas Hughes, in that 
 township, there came five men on horseback, said to be 
 from the Maryland garrison, commanded by Captain John 
 Charlton, and after beating and abusing him, they took him 
 with them on a horse belonging to Joshua Littler, which 
 happened to be at the door. After crossing Susquehanna, 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 49 
 
 they spent the night at one Nicholas Savor's, a mile or two 
 heyond, and the next day went to a public-house kept by 
 one Hickeson, where came John Copson, one of the pro- 
 vincial judges of Maryland, to whom Thomas Hughes had 
 gone with dispatch the previous evening. Copson would 
 have released Gatchell and bound over the others but for 
 Nathaniel Rigby, a justice of Baltimore county. He was 
 held to bail for his appearance at the Provincial Court of 
 Maryland in October. The representations of both sides 
 having been laid before the king in council, an order for 
 the cessation of all tumults and prosecutions was received 
 here soon after, and the agreement of 1732 was directed to 
 be carried out. Under this, a provisional line was to be 
 run, fifteen and a quarter miles south of Philadelphia, as 
 far as the Susquehanna, beyond which it was to be but 
 fourteen and three-quarter miles south of the samc'point. 
 
 In 1739 war was declared against Spain, and an expedition 
 planned against the West Indies, of which Governor Thomas 
 gave notice in a proclamation dated April 14, 1740, and 
 encouraging enlistments for this " glorious undertaking." 
 Two days later the following advertisement appeared in the 
 Gazette : 
 
 " By the Governor's Command. Notice is hereby given to all such 
 as shall be willing to inlist in the important Expedition now on Foot 
 for attacking and plundering the most valuable Part of the Spanish 
 West Indies to repair to the following gentlemen and subscribe their 
 Kames till a General Rendezvous shall be ordered at Philadelphia, viz ; 
 • »»e««9»» 
 
 " Chester County : Henry Hockley, James Mather, Robert Finney, 
 Lazarus Finney at Flying Hill [Thunder Hill ?]. 
 
 " The said Gentlemen are strictly enjoined not to discover any Per- 
 son's Name that shall be desirous to have it concealed. 
 " Philadelphia Apr. 16, 1740." 
 
 Ab a result of this there was soon complaint of the en- 
 listment of bought servants, which the Governor refused 
 to discountenance. The Assembly was appealed to, but all 
 they could do was to reimburse in some measure the mas- 
 ters for their losses. On 'June 3, 1741, orders were signed 
 and delivered to James Gibbons and Samuel Levis for the 
 payment, by the trustees of the loan office, of £515 lis. 
 9(Z., for 58 enlisted servants from Chester County. The 
 next day was read a petition from Anna Nutt & Co., 
 owners of iron-works at Coventry and Warwick, represent- 
 ing that ten servants had been taken from them by enlist-. 
 ment, some of them colliers, which had' put a stop to the 
 works, with several hundred pounds' damage to the peti- 
 tioners. On July 22d an additional sum of £84 11«. \ld. 
 was ordered to be paid on account of enlisted servants, and 
 subsequently Enoch Pearson received £7 10»., and Abra- 
 ham Emmit £3 13«. Id., for the loss to each of a servant. 
 
 Thomas Penn returned to England in 1741, with the 
 expectation of coming again to this country to live, but 
 this he never did. 
 
 At the instance of the Grand Jury and some of the suh- 
 itantial inhabitants of Chester County, complaining of 
 abuses practiced in that county by the use of defective 
 weights and measures, the justices petitioned the Gover- 
 nor for the appointment of a regulator of weights and 
 measures. Isaac Taylor received the appointment. The 
 petitioners allege that '' they -have directed the purchasitig 
 7 
 
 of standards of brass for weights and measures, according 
 to his Majesty's standards for the Exchequer." These 
 standards were procured by Thomas Morgan, and cost the 
 county £17 12s. \\d. 
 
 The jail and court-house both appear to have been sub- 
 jected to some renovation about this time. An order was 
 passed by the commissioners in favor of Nathan Worley 
 " for £10, for planks for flooring the two dangeons East 
 side of the prison and laying the floors &c. ;" and one in 
 favor of Thomas Morgan "for £5 lis. 6cf., for 150 lbs. 
 spikes for laying the Dungeon's floors." There was also an 
 order of £5 for plastering and ceiling the prison ; and one of 
 £26 for repairing and painting the court-house and prison ; 
 and another of £14 4s. for a well in the work-house, yard. 
 Still other repairs were made the next year. 
 
 In the trial of criminal cases, it appears to have been the 
 practice since the early settlement of the province only to 
 employ counsel in those of serious import. In these cases 
 the most able counsel in the province were engaged. The 
 following minute from the commissioners' books shows the 
 amount of compensation allowed in such cases : 
 
 1742: "Allowed John Kinsey Esq' an order on the Treas' for the 
 sum of £3 12s. being his fees as Kings attorney at the tryall of James 
 O'Donnelly and Richard Graham, 26"' of May last." 
 
 Besides the counsel, there was another officer specially 
 employed for trials in the Oyer and Terminer, as will be 
 seen by another minute : 
 
 " Allowed John Ross, Gent, an order on the Treasurer for the sum 
 of three pounds ten shillings, for officiating as clerk of the Crown at 
 a Court of Oyer and Terminer held at Chester, for the tryal of James 
 O'Donnelly & Richard Graham, the 26"' of May last." 
 
 Richard Graham was sent away in the " Privateer," for 
 which additional fees were allowed. 
 
 " Sep"- 10, 1742. 
 " ffr'' Richard Peters 
 
 " From the best judgment I can make of the inclination of the 
 People of Chester county respecting the Elections I have hopes that 
 (with good industry) three of the present members may be removed, 
 viz., Harvey, Hughes and Tatnal; and. if you and Mr Plumsted & Mr 
 Allen would but request some of the most active & well disposed men 
 in our county to rouse up & endeavour for a change it must needs be 
 of singular use. The only persons I know that want animating who 
 would use such directions with discretion are Joseph Brinton, Joseph 
 Bonsall, John Parry, Henry Hockley, John Miller, Adam Boyd, Job 
 Ruston, Francis Allison & Robt Cathcart 
 
 " I am y"" assured ffr^ [John Taylor]." 
 
 THE "ASSOCIATORS." 
 
 War was declared by England against France March 29, 
 1744, of which notice was given here by a proclamation of 
 Governor Thomas, June 11th. Chester County was not the 
 seat of active operations, but we find that in January, 
 1746-7, petitions were presented to the Assembly by James 
 Mather, David Cowpland, John Salkeld, and Aubrey 
 Bevan, tavern-keepers of Chester, for the diet of Captaiu 
 Shannon's company of soldiers. Dr. Gandouit asked for 
 payment for medicines and attendance on sick soldiers. 
 Some apprehensions were felt lest the Indians should join 
 with the French, as they afterwards did; and as the Assembly 
 declined. to pass any efiective militia law, the subject was 
 left for voluntary action. A number of persons of military; 
 proclivities joined together under the name of " Associa- 
 
50 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 tors." A regiment was organized, principally in the town- 
 ships of East and West Nantmeal, Uwchlan, West Cain, 
 and Charlestbwn, with William Moore as colonel. Com- 
 missions were granted to the oflBcers February 8, 1747-8. 
 According to the " Second Archives," ii. 506, the " ofiScers 
 of the two Associate Regiments of Chester County" at that 
 date were as follows : 
 
 ColoueU. — William Moore, Andrew McDowell. 
 iieu(ereaH(-coio»ie;«.— Samuel Flower, John Frew. 
 Majors. — John Mather, John Miller. 
 
 Captaina. 
 
 1. David Parry. 
 
 14. 
 
 John Mather. 
 
 2. Roger Hunt. 
 
 15. 
 
 James Hunter. 
 
 3. George Aston. 
 
 16. 
 
 John Miller. 
 
 4. William McKnight. 
 
 17. 
 
 William Clinton. 
 
 5. Moses Dickey. 
 
 18. 
 
 Thomas Hubbert, Jr. 
 
 6. Kiohard Kiohison. 
 
 19. 
 
 G eorge Leggitt. 
 
 V. Andrew McDowell. , 
 
 20. 
 
 Job Ruston. 
 
 8. John McCall. 
 
 21. 
 
 William Bell. 
 
 9. George Taylor. 
 
 22. 
 
 Joseph Wilson. 
 
 10. James Graham. 
 
 23. 
 
 Henry Qlassford. 
 
 n. Robert Grace. 
 
 24. 
 
 William Boyd. 
 
 12. Hugh Kilpatrick. 
 
 25. 
 
 William Reed. 
 
 13. John Williamson. 
 
 28. 
 
 William Porter. 
 
 Lieute 
 
 nanta. 
 
 
 1. Isaac Davis. 
 
 14. 
 
 James Mother. 
 
 2. Guyon Moore. 
 
 15. 
 
 Charles Moore. 
 
 3. Robert Morrell. 
 
 16. 
 
 George Bentley. 
 
 4. Robert Anderson. 
 
 17. 
 
 Morris Thomas. 
 
 5. John Boyd. 
 
 18. 
 
 John Rees. 
 
 6. John Cuthbert. 
 
 19. 
 
 Thomas Leggitt. 
 
 7. John Cunningham. 
 
 20. 
 
 Joseph Smith. 
 
 8. John Culbertson. 
 
 21. 
 
 Robert McMullen. 
 
 9. John Vanghan. 
 
 22. 
 
 James Cochran. 
 
 10. William Darlington. 
 
 23. 
 
 Robert Allison. 
 
 11. John Kent. 
 
 24. 
 
 John Culbertson. 
 
 12. William Buchanan. 
 
 25. 
 
 Thomas Hope. 
 
 13. James McMakin. 
 
 26. 
 
 Robert Mackey. 
 
 Ens 
 
 gna. 
 
 
 1. Nathaniel Davis. 
 
 14. 
 
 Joseph Talbot. 
 
 2. William Little. 
 
 15. 
 
 Benjamin Weatherby 
 
 3. Edward Pearce. 
 
 16. 
 
 Thomas Brown. 
 
 4. Samuel Love. 
 
 17. 
 
 William Corr. 
 
 5. James Montgomery. 
 
 18. 
 
 Anthony Prichard. 
 
 6. John Hamhright. 
 
 19. 
 
 Archibald Young. 
 
 7. George McCullough. 
 
 20. 
 
 James Dysart. 
 
 8. James Scott. 
 
 21. 
 
 Rowland Parry. 
 
 9. Robert Awl. 
 
 22. 
 
 Joseph Parke. 
 
 10. Francis Gardner. 
 
 23 
 
 John Emmitt. 
 
 1 1 . Jacob Free. 
 
 24 
 
 John Donald. 
 
 12. William Gumming. 
 
 25 
 
 Thomas Clarke. 
 
 13. John Johnson. 
 
 26 
 
 John Smith. 
 
 ERECTION OP BERKS COUNTY, 1752. 
 An act of Assembly was passed March 11, 1752, for the 
 erection of Berks County out of parts of Philadelphia, 
 Chester, and Lancaster Counties, in which the bounds were 
 defined as follows : 
 
 "By a Line at the Distance of ten superficial miles, southwest from 
 the Western Bank of the River Schuylkill, opposite to the mouth of a 
 Creek called Monocaoy, to be run North West to the Extremity of.tlie 
 Province, and South East until it shall intersect the Line of Chester 
 County, then on one strait line crossing the River Schuylkill afore- 
 said, to the Upper or North Westward Line of McCall's Manor," etc. 
 
 It was further provided that Edward Scull, of Philadel- 
 phia County, Benjamin Lightfoot, of Chester, and Thomas 
 Cookson, of Lancaster, should, within six months, meet 
 
 together, and run, mark out, and distinguish the boundMj 
 line between those counties and the county of Berks. 
 
 The territory taken from Chester County by this act 
 could not have been very large, if we judge from the assess- 
 ment lists. The only townships affected thereby were Gov.- 
 entry. East and West Nantmeal. The number of taxables 
 for two years are here given : 
 
 1760. 1763. 
 
 Coventry , 90 93 
 
 East Nantmeal 105 81 
 
 West Nantmeal 142 166 
 
 CHANGE OF STYLE. 
 
 In " The great Law or the Body of Laws of the Province 
 of Pennsylvania and Territories thereunto belonging. Past 
 at an Assembly held at Chester (alias Upland), the 7th day 
 of y" 10th month, called December, 1683," the 35th sec- 
 tion reads as follows : 
 
 " 35. And Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the 
 dayes of the Week and j' months of the year shall be called as in 
 Scripture, & not by Heathen names (as are vulgularly used) as the first, 
 Second, and third days of y« Week, and first, second, agj[ t hird months 
 of y" year, and beginning with y^ Day called SundayOmd the month 
 called March." 
 
 An act passed in 1710 reads thus: 
 
 " Whereas, the Generality of the Inhabitants of this Province do 
 conscientiously scruple to call the Names of the Months as they are 
 usually called, but the Month which others call March they call the 
 First Month, and the Month commonly called April, the Second Month, 
 and so of the rest of the Months of the Year ; and the Dates of many 
 Deeds, Conveyances, and other Writings, as well a.s the Times of Pay- 
 ment of Money, are accordingly mentioned and'expressed. Now, for- 
 asmuch as Disputes and Controversies may hereafter arise concerning 
 the Premises, Bk It Therefore Enacted, &c., That all Deeds, Con- 
 veyances, Mortgages, Letters of Attorney, or Powers of Agency, Com- 
 missions, Bonds, Bills, Charter-Parties, Leases, Releases, Contracts, 
 Articles, Receipts, and all other Instruments and Writings whatso- 
 ever, wherein the Names of the Months are called First, Second, 
 Third, Fourth, instead of March, April, May, June, and so of the rest, 
 always accounting the Month called March to be the first Month 
 of the Year, shall and are hereby enacted and declared to be as good 
 and available, and may be pleaded, and shall be deemed, adjudged, 
 and taken in all Courts of Judicature, and elsewhere within this 
 Province, to be as valid and effectual in. Law, to all Intents, Con- 
 structions, and Purposes, as if the Months in such Writings had been 
 set down and expressed by their usual names, any Law, Custom, or 
 Usage to the Contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding." 
 
 Instances are said to have been observed in old writings 
 wherein this numerical style was used before the advent of 
 the Society of Friends. Some authors have erroneously 
 stated that prior to 1752 the year began with the 1st of 
 March, and errors are almost universally made at this age 
 by persons in changing the style of dates prior to that.time 
 from the numerical to the nominal, or vice versa. An orig- 
 inal entry is found, as for instance, 10th month 15th, 
 1730, and it is at once converted into October 15th, etc., 
 whereas it should be made December, if changed at all. 
 On the other hand, the Quaker descendant of .other ances- 
 tors finds in the family Bible record the names of the months, 
 and changes February, 1674, to second month, 1674, 
 whereas it was the twelfth month of that, year, or otherwise 
 the second month of 1675 by the present style. 
 
 In the computation of. time throughout Great Britain 
 and its dependencies, up to the 31st of December, 1751, 
 what was known as Old Style continued to be used, 
 
' JAND H ILL." ^ ^ ^ a 
 
 'ms^.NoFARNi orSAMi-A. LAWRENCE W^^t Caln Chester Co Pa. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 51 
 
 although in Catholic countries the Gregorian or reformed 
 calendar had been in use since 1582. 
 
 By an act of Parliament passed in 1751 it was enacted 
 that 
 
 "The supputation, according to which the Year of our Lord begin- 
 neth on the 25th Day of March, shall not be made Use of from and 
 after the last Day of December, 1751, and that the first day of Janu- 
 ary next following the said last Day of December, shall be reckoned, 
 taken, deemed, and accounted to be the first Day of the Tear of our 
 Lord 1752," and so on from time to time. " The first Day of January 
 in every Tear which shall happen in Time to come shall be reckoned, 
 taken, deemed, and accounted to be the first day of the Year, and 
 that each New Year shall accordingly commence and begin to be 
 reckoned from the first Day of every such Month of January." 
 
 It was also directed that " The natural Day next imme- 
 diately following the second Day of September in the Year 
 1752, shall be called, reckoned and accounted to be the 
 fourteenth Day of September, omitting for that Time only 
 the eleven intermediate Days of the common Calendar." 
 
 Whether there was any ofiScial promulgation of this act 
 has not been observed, but the Society of Friends in Eng- 
 land, by their representative committee, known as the 
 " Meeting for SuflFerings," issued an epistle, dated 7 mo. 
 6th, 1751, "To the Quarterly and Monthly Meetings of 
 Friends in Great Britain, Ireland, and America," reciting 
 the act of Parliament, and advising the observance thereof. 
 
 In this work the dates are, with few exceptions, given 
 as written at the time, and it may have been observed that 
 between the 1st of January and 25th of March two years 
 are mentioned, thus, 1724-5. The reason of this seems 
 to have been that, although the ecclesiastical, legal, or 
 civil year began on the 25th of March, yet the historical 
 year, from the time of the conquest, 1066, began" on the 
 1st of January, and it was intended to be understood that 
 it was 1724 by the former, and 1725 by the latter, computa- 
 tion. 
 
 Standing in the pillory was rarely resorted to as a mode 
 of punishment by the justices of Chester County. At the 
 February term, 1753, one Owen Oberlacker, alias John 
 Bradley, iipon being convicted of " speaking seditious 
 words," was sentenced to stand in the pillory one hour, 
 with the words, " I stand here for spealcing seditious words 
 against the best of Kings, wrote in large hand, to be affixed 
 to his back." In addition to this punishment, twenty-one 
 lashes upon his bare back were to be inflicted the same 
 day. 
 
 THE PEENCH AND INDIAN WAK. 
 
 In 1753 the French invaded Western Pennsylvania, in 
 pursuance of their grand scheme to secure the possession of 
 the valley of the Mississippi. The next year witnessed 
 open conflict and bloodshed between the English and 
 French in that quarter, and ended with the latter in undis- 
 puted possession. These had endeavored, and in the end 
 with success, to win the savages to their side, which was 
 more readily accomplished on account of the intrusion of 
 settlers within the territory to which they had not sur- 
 rendered their claim. 
 
 In the spring of 1755 a number of troops arrived in 
 Virginia from England to aid in the defense of the Ameri- 
 can possessions. In conjunction with a considerable num- 
 ber of colonial troops, they were placed under the command 
 
 of General Braddock, and constituted the expedition de- 
 feated by the French and Indians near Fort Du Quesne. 
 The news of this defeat aroused great excitement and alarm, 
 and petitions poured in upon the Assembly from all parts 
 of the country to take measures for protection. 
 
 The disputes between Governor Morris and the Assem- 
 bly, in which the Quakers still had a majority, were con- 
 stant, and unfortunately were not conducted with that 
 spirit of moderation and forbearance that should have pre- 
 vailed in a period of so much difficulty and danger. The 
 Assembly could not vote money specifically for carrying on 
 the war, and in providing means '\for the king's use'' they 
 desired to issue an additional amount of paper money. 
 This was opposed by the Governor under proprietary in- 
 structions. Another difficulty arose in providing for the 
 assessment of a heavy land-tax. The Assembly included 
 the proprietary lands in the assessment, and the Governor 
 so far forgot himself as to accuse that body with having 
 included these lands for the purpose of defeating the bill ; 
 especially did he censure Dr. Franklin, whom he regarded 
 as the author of this measure. Notwithstanding the alarm- 
 ing condition of the country, there were those who en- 
 deavored to stir up sedition. For that offense one John 
 Costello was in 1755 convicted by the court at Chester, and 
 sentenced to stand in the pillory one hour on two succes- 
 sive days, wearing the insignia of his crime, as in the case 
 of Owen Oberlacker. 
 
 No act could be passed by the Assembly to compel per- 
 sons to take up arms in defense of the province, or to or- 
 ganize the militia for that purpose, but the Quakers threw 
 no obstacle in the way of those whose scruples did not pre- 
 vent them from performing military duty, and even went 
 so far as to enact a law " for the better ordering and regu- 
 lating such as are willing and desirous to be united for 
 military purposes within this Province." The appropri- 
 ations for " the king's use" were, indeed, by no means nig- 
 gardly : an act granting £60,000 was passed this year, 
 and one for £30,000 in the year following. Such acts 
 continued to be passed from time to time while the Quak- 
 ers still maintained their ascendency in the Assembly. 
 
 Of those who joined the military service from this county 
 we have no definite account. The records of Friends show 
 that several of their members were disowned for taking 
 part in warlike measures. In the public expenditures we 
 find charged, March 2, 1756, " To Capt. George Aston, for 
 himself and Company's pay, £240 15s. 4d," and on the 
 20th, " To Capt. Isaac Wayne, for himself and Company's 
 pay, £190 2s. 3d."* 
 
 " We, the Inhabitants of St. Vincent Township, Pike Land, Chester 
 County, here underwritten having maturely weighed and considered 
 the almost Inevitable Dangers to which We are exposed, and thinking 
 it our boiinden Duty as Christians and most Loyal Subjects to our 
 most gracious Sovereign Lord, George the Second, by the Grace of 
 God, Ac, 
 
 "To Save, if possible, Our Lives, Wives, Children, Liberty, and our 
 most holy Religion from the Hands of our most cruel and Merciless 
 Enemy, who daily approaches Us with hasty, Conquering, and Mur- 
 dering Steps, Have, first imploring the Assistance of the Almighty 
 Sovereign, Giver of all Victories, on our Feeble Endeavours, Formed, 
 and by these presents do form and associate Ourselves into an Inde- 
 pendent Company, under the Denomination of the St. Vincent and 
 
 * Votes of Assembly, iv. 618-19. 
 
52 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Pike's Land AsBociation, and to be in Subjection to One Capt", One 
 Lieuten', and One Ensign, which shall be regularly ehose and Voted 
 for by us hereafter. 
 
 "The tenth Day of May, 1756, We further Assembled, do choose 
 Adam Heylman, Cnpt", John Hart, Lieuten*, Adam Roontour [Ram- 
 saur,] Ensign of the said Company. 
 "As witnesses of Our hands : ^ 
 
 John Lewis Ache. Frederick Hasserns. 
 
 John Beker. Philip Lewis. 
 
 John Bownd. Jacob Losch. 
 
 Jacob Braun; Adam McNally. 
 
 Ritehart Brischert. John McNally. 
 
 Esaias Charles. Frederick Mack. 
 
 Michael Conrad. Jacob Mann. 
 
 Jacob Corner. Adam Moses. 
 
 Charles Cramp, Philip Muntz. 
 
 John Crassert. George Nieler. 
 
 Jacob Danefels. Dietrich Roam. 
 
 Jacob De Pran. Michael Roth. 
 
 Peter Demler. Peter Selle. 
 
 John Valentin Ernst. Conrad Sellner. 
 
 Tost Everhard. Peter Sleider. 
 
 Ernst Eanstiel. Simon Sleider. 
 
 Jacob Gebbard. Valentine Smidt. 
 
 George Good. John Stein. 
 
 Jacob Good. Peter Steiger. 
 
 John Hartman. Adam Stone. 
 
 George Hartz. Frederick Swab. 
 
 Valentine Henry. Adam Swerner. 
 
 William Henry. Jacob Thomas. 
 
 Balthaser Heylman. Jacob Vine, 
 
 John Heylman. Valentine Vittler. 
 
 John Adam Heylman. George Werny." 
 
 In the Pennsylvania Gazette of March 25, 1756, men- 
 tion is made of ofiBcers who have received commissions 
 under the new militia law, inclading David Thomas (cap- 
 tain), John Thomas (lieutenant), and Robert . FuUerton 
 (ensign), in Vincent, Chester County. 
 
 June 4, 1756, six members of Assembly resign their 
 seats, including William Peters, of Chester County. This 
 was owing to the clamor against Friends for refusing to 
 support extreme war measures. 
 
 The Delaware Indians had been so far seduced by the 
 French as to engage in committing the most barbarous 
 atrocities against the frontier inhabitants of Pennsylvania. 
 The Six Nations still remained friendly, and it was hoped 
 that, through the instrumentality of this powerful combina- 
 tion of savages, the Delawares could be brought to terms 
 of peace. The Quakers used every effort to bring about 
 this result, but the Governor unwisely made a formal dec- 
 laration of war against the Delawares; and not to be 
 behind the savages themselves in cruelty and atrocity, a 
 proclamation was issued offering a premium for prisoners 
 or scalps taken from their Indian enemy. 
 
 A reconciliation was, however, soon brought about 
 through the instrumentality of Sir William Johnson, the 
 Six Nations, the Quakers, and a few of the Delawares who 
 remained faithful. 
 
 It does not seem to be generally understood that the 
 English Ministry at this time contemplated a measure that 
 would have rendered it impossible for a Friend to have 
 served as a member of Assembly, but such was the case. 
 In January, 1756, a bill was framed to prevent any person 
 in the colonies (meaning Pennsylvania) from being " capa- 
 ble to sett, vote, or have deliberative vpiqe in any Council 
 or Assembly," who would not .take an oath. 
 
 At the October election a number of Friends were 
 again elected, but at the opening of the session four of 
 them sent in their resignation, as follows: 
 
 "October 16th 1756: 
 
 " Mahlon Kirkbride, William Hoge, Peter Dicks, and Nathaniel 
 Pennock returned Representatives to serve in Assembly, requested 
 leave to resign their seats for the reasons set forth in the following 
 paper, by them presented to the House, viz 
 
 "May it please the Speaker and the House of Representatives j 
 Understanding that the Ministry have requested the Quakers, who 
 from the first settlement of this Colony have been the Majority of the 
 Assemblies of this Province, to suffer their seats, during the difficult 
 situation of the affairs of the Colonies to be filled by members of other 
 denominations, in such manner as to prepare without any scruples all 
 such laws as may be necessary to be enacted for the defense of the 
 Province in whatever manner they may judge best suited to the cir- 
 cumstances of it; and notwithstanding we think this has been pretty 
 fully complied with at the last election yet at the request of our 
 Friends, being willing to take of all possible objection we who have 
 (without any solicitation on our part) been returned as Representa- 
 tives in this Assembly request we may be excused and suffered to 
 withdraw ourselves and vacate our seats in such manner as may be 
 attended with the least trouble and most satisfactory to this honour- 
 able House. 
 
 "Mahlon Kirkbride, Peter Dicks, 
 
 " William Hoge, Nathaniel Pehnock. 
 
 " And the House taking the foregoing paper into consideration Re- 
 solved, That the request of said members be granted and that their 
 seats be deemed vacant accordingly; and they are hereby disabled 
 from sitting or serving in Assembly for the ensuing year. Ordered 
 That Mr Speaker do issue his order to the Provincial Secretary re- 
 quiring him to issue Writs to the Sheriffs of the counties of Bucks 
 and Chester respectively, for electing other persons in the room and 
 stead of the said members so disabled from sitting or serving in As- 
 sembly." 
 
 At a Quarterly Meeting held at Concord, 11th mo. 8, 
 1756,— 
 
 " Our Friends and Brethren of the Yearly Meeting and Meeting 
 for Sufferings in London having understood that the Government 
 there were about to impose an oath on all such as accepted seats in 
 the house of Assembly here : Thereby effectually to prevent all Friends 
 from any share in Legislation in this province, under a supposition 
 that they were incapable (by reason of their peaceable principles) to 
 serve their country in time of war : Taking the premises into consid- 
 eration concluded to interest themselves against so violent a step being 
 taken, whereby our political constitution would be much wounded, by 
 making application and succeeding in such sort as to prevent it, on 
 condition that Friends generally withdrew from the House of As- 
 sembly at this time of Danger and Distress. Wherefore, the said 
 meetings engaged our dear Friends Christopher Wilson and John 
 Hunt, (whom they recommend as Brethren in full unity) to under- 
 take a visit to Friends in this province and who are now in this meet- 
 ing with an Epistle from said meetings to the Quarterly Meetings in 
 Pensitvania, and copies of their proceedings on the occasion whereby 
 it appears that a deep concern and solicitude hath affected those meet- 
 ings in regard to the reputation of Truth and good of the Society; 
 and a singular instance of friendship and Brotherly Love is mani- 
 fested by our said two Friends who have come so far to see us. For 
 all which this meeting is thankfully sensible. In consequence of 
 their application and the dissatisfaction of some Friends formerly 
 members of Assembly we understand so many have left the House 
 that there remains but about eight or nine friends there." 
 
 This appears to have placed those having no conscien- 
 tious scruples on the subject of taking up arms in a majority 
 in the Assembly, but still the want of harmonious action 
 between that body and the Governor was not diminished. 
 The future angry disputes between the parties conclusively 
 demonstrate that Quakerism was but a small item in the 
 serious obstacles to harmonious legislation. The represen- 
 tatives of the people, without distinction of sect or party, 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 53 
 
 knew their rights, and determinedly asserted and main- 
 tained them against all doubtful claims of prerogative, either 
 by the crown, the proprietaries, or the executive. The 
 doctrines that eventually led to a separation between the 
 colonies and the mother- country had their origin in these 
 and similar disputes. 
 
 So captious had the Governor become that it seemed 
 almost impossible for the Assembly to shape a militia or 
 money bill to suit the views of His Excellency. At length 
 that body resolved that it appeared to them "that the 
 Governor is determined to withhold that protection from the 
 people of this province which a proper militia bill might 
 afford them, unless we will present him with such a bill as 
 will enable certain designing men to subvert the Constitution 
 and deprive the inhabitants of every liberty they think 
 worth enjoying." 
 
 As a sample of proceedings in Friends' Meetings on the 
 subject of war, the following notes are taken from those of 
 Goshen Monthly Meeting, composed of Goshen, Newtown, 
 and Uwchlan Weekly Meetings : 
 
 6, 21, 1756. Amos Williams (U. Mtg.) makes acknovrledgment for 
 enlisting among soldiers. 
 
 2, 21, 1757. Complaint is made of Francis Mechem Jur " for that 
 he voluntarily Inlisted himself as a soldier in military service & in- 
 tends to continue there" : disowned 3, 21, 1757. (G. Mtg.) 
 
 2, 21, 1757. Report is made that Thomas Williams vho was dis- 
 owned for other reasons, had not received notice "because of his In- 
 listing himself in military service <& keeping among the soldiers.' 
 (Of Goshen Mtg.) 
 
 3, 31, 1757. William John (tJ. Mtg.) complained of for absconding 
 from his master's service & going to sea on a privateering voiage. 
 He offered ack. 4, 18, 1757, but was disowned 5, 16, 1757. 
 
 4, 18, 1757. Francis Mechem, Jr., reported "removed with the sol- 
 diers out of this province towards York, Ac." 
 
 7, 18, 1757. Joseph Heale (U. Mtg.) complained of for Inlisting 
 as a military soldier & fraudulently carrying off a sword not his own : 
 disowned, 
 
 1, 15, 1759. James Massey,. Jr., (N. Mtg.) complained of for en- 
 listing as a soldier, for which he offers ack., having obtained his dis- 
 charge. 
 
 5, 18, 1759. Report that he is again Inlisted A like to continue 
 with the soldiers: disowned 6, 18, 1759. 
 
 7, 16, 1759. Evan Jones, late of Nantmeal, complained of for en- 
 listing as a soldier : disowned 8, 17, 1759. 
 
 10, 9, 1761. Hayes Pennell (N. Mtg.) complained of for abscond- 
 ing when an apprentice, being several times engaged on board a pri- 
 vateer, Ac.,-^disowned II, 6, 1761. 
 
 At Goshen Mo. Mtg., 7, 17, 1758:— In answer to 8th Query: 
 "NoughtbutClearnessappearsExeept military services, some having 
 shown an unbecoming forwardness in furnishing Horses k Carriages 
 for the Expedition now on foot." 
 
 10, 16, 1758. " Not all clear of contributing towards carriages, Ac, 
 for the present Expedition to the westward." 
 
 1, 15, 1759. Ans. to 2nd query— "There is a degree of Love A 
 Unity subsisting among us tho' unity hath suffered some interruption 
 on account of the occasion of furnishing Waggons A Horses, Ac, tho' 
 we don't know of any furnished untill press warrants were out." 
 
 4, 16, 1759. " Some further pains have been taken with such as 
 have contributed towards the affair of the waggons, Ac, several of 
 whom have acknowledged their Error therein." 
 
 7, 16, 1759. Ans. to 8th Query— "We hope clear except that of 
 Military Service, several having again contributed to the furnishing 
 waggons for the use of the Army to the westward, A on being spoke 
 to some seem to justify their conduct therein." 
 
 At the Quarterly Meeting the subject was brought up 
 at different times, and on the 13th of 8th month, 1759, 
 report was madc,^ 
 
 "That pains hath been taken in some places, according to the ad- 
 vice of the last yearly meeting with such as had contributed to the 
 furnishing waggons, Ac, to carry Military Stores, but in most places 
 ffriends have been so generally concerned in that affair that there were 
 but few clear ; therefore there hath not been much done that way, but 
 contrariwise we understand that many of such as contributed last 
 year have practiced the like again this year ; and that some upon 
 being spoke to on the occasion do justify their conduct therein." 
 
 ACADIAN EXILES. 
 
 In November, 1755, there arrived at Philadelphia, in 
 three vessels, several hundred of what were known as 
 " French Neutrals," or Acadian exiles, from Nova Scotia. 
 These persons, or their ancestors, upon the surrender of 
 that country to the English, about 1713, had consented to 
 become subjects of Great Britain, on condition that they 
 might not be compelled to take up arms against France in 
 any future conflict. Owing to the state of war between the 
 two nations, the British authorities now conceived the in- 
 famous design of driving these people from their homes, 
 under pretext of their being secret enemies. Of the 483 
 men, 337 women, and 1053 children thus exiled, one ac- 
 count says 800 were transported to Pennsylvania. These 
 people, being Roman Catholics, were not welcomed in a 
 Protestant colony, and naturally, considering themselves as 
 prisoners of war, did not incline to settle down and become 
 citizens, but thought they should be maintained at the 
 expense of the government or sent to France, as they de- 
 sired. In March, 1756, was passed "An act for dispersing 
 the Inhabitants of Nova Scotia, imported into this Prov- 
 ince, into the several counties of Philadelphia, Bucks, 
 Chester, and Lancaster, and the townships thereof, and 
 making provision for the same." The commissioners for 
 Chester County to carry out this act were Nathaniel Pen- 
 nock, Nathaniel Grubb, and John Hannum. The overseers 
 of the poor in some of the townships refused to receive 
 'them, many of them died with smallpox, and their condi- 
 tion was truly pitiable. In January, 1757, an act was 
 passed for the binding out of their children, against which 
 they earnestly remonstrated. 
 
 In the provincial accounts we find such items as these : 
 
 £ >. d. 
 1757, July 5. Jesse Maris and John Cameron, for 
 French Neutrals in Springfield town- 
 ship 17 18 3 
 
 " Aug. 11. John Larkin for support of ditto 16 14 7 
 
 " " 26. James Scott per Nathaniel Grubb fur 
 
 ditto 14 9 1 
 
 " Oct. 18. Thomas Temple for ditto in Kennett 
 
 township 6 11 
 
 1758, June 6. James Allison for his and George Gar- 
 ret's Accounts for French Neutrals 
 
 in Chester County 6 15 5 
 
 " July 25. Haines and Matlack for ditto in Goshen. 14 16 
 " Aug. 11. Thomas Spakeman for ditto in Goshen.. 2 11 
 " " " Thomas White and Amos Yarnall for 
 
 ditto at Willistown 2 14 10 
 
 In February, 1761, a committee appointed to examine 
 into the condition of these people, with a view to lessening 
 the burden of their support, reported that their children 
 were not bound out to service, as they should have been, 
 owing to the parents' opposition to the law, on account of 
 their religion. Many of them were industrious, and needed 
 no assistance, but there had been much sickness amongst 
 others. Up to this time there had been appropriated of 
 the public funds- upwards of seven thousand pounds for 
 
54 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 their relief, in addition to private benefactions, which in 
 Philadelphia were very considerable. 
 
 The wrongs and sufferings of these people have been im- 
 mortalized by Longfellow's touching story of " Evangeline." 
 
 GEN. FORBES' EXPEDITION. 
 In 1758, Brig.-Gen. John Forbes commanded an expe- 
 dition to the westward, which resulted in the capture of 
 Fort Du Quesne (now Pittsburgh) in November. It was 
 for this expedition that the wagons heretofore mentioned 
 were needed. Early in 1759 another expedition was pro- 
 jected under the command of Gren. Stanwix, who was 
 appointed in place of Forbes, deceased, the object being to 
 restore the ruined Fort Du Quesne, or to build a new one, 
 and, in general, to protect the interests of the colonies. 
 For this purpose wagons were again required. 
 
 (Advertisement) : 
 
 "By Brigadier General Stanwix, Commanding His Majesty's 
 Forces in the Soutliern Provinoea of North America, Notice is hereby 
 Given, 
 
 " That a Number of Waggons will be wanted for His Majesty's Ser- 
 vice, and, in order to avoid Impressing, and all other severe Methods, 
 I have thought proper to make the following very advantageous Pro- 
 posals. The Number of Waggons now demanded from each County 
 is as follows, viz.: From Philadelphia County, Eighty; Chester, 
 Sixty-six; Bucks, Sixty -four; Berks, Sixty; Northampton, Thirty; 
 Lancaster, Two Hundred ; York, Fifty; Cumberland, Thirty. Each 
 Waggon to Load at the Grand Magazine at Carlisle; and for every 
 Gross Hundred Weight, carried from thence to Pittsburg (formerly 
 Fort Duquesne) to receive forty-two shillings and Sixpence. 
 
 "And for each Hundred Gross Weight, carried from Carlisle to Fort 
 Ligonier (formerly Loyal Hannon) to receive Thirty Shillings. 
 
 " And for each Hundred Gross Weight, carried from Carlisle to 
 Fort Bedford (formerly Rays-Town) for the Supply of the Garrison 
 there. Seventeen Shillings and Sixpence. 
 
 '* Provender for the Horses to be provided by the Owners. The 
 Drivers to be furnished with Provisions as the King's Troops. 
 
 " The Waggons entering into the Service to bo appraised and paid 
 for, if taken or destroyed by the Enemy; and to have Fifteen Shil- 
 lings for every Twenty miles from the Place of their Abode to Car- 
 lisle; and Fifteen Shillings a Day, unto the Day they set off from 
 thence; and the same for every Twenty Miles on returning home. 
 
 " Proper and sufficient Escorts will be ordered with every Brigade 
 of Waggons that goes from Fort Bedford. 
 
 "After the Waggons have made one Trip, they are to be discharged, 
 if the Owners require it, and are to be immediately paid for their 
 Loading, according to their Certificates of Delivery. 
 
 " The Counties of York, Lancaster, Cumberland and Berks, to be 
 pa,id at Lancaster. And the Counties of Philadelphia, Chester, Bncks 
 and Northampton, to be paid at Philadelphia. 
 
 "The Waggons of Cumberland County to be at Carlisle the Fourth 
 of June; . . . those of Chester the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth of 
 June. 
 
 " And for the Convenience of the Townships, proper Persons, livin" 
 in each County, will be appointed to contract with the Owners of the 
 Waggons, and have them appraised. 
 
 " Each Waggon is to be provided with Forage sufficient to main- 
 tain the Horses to Pittsburg and back; and such as are ordered to 
 unload at any of the other Posts, their Surplus of Forage will be pur- 
 chased for the King's Use. 
 
 " Each Waggon to be fitted in the following manner, viz., AVith 
 four good strong Horses, properly harnessed ; the ATaggon to bo com- 
 plete in every Thing, large and strong, having a Drag Chain, eleven 
 Feet in Length, with a Hook at each End, a Knife for cutting Grass, 
 Falling Axe and Shovel, two setts of Clouts, and five setts of Nails, 
 an Iron Hoop to the End of every Axletree, a Linen Mangoe, a two 
 Gallon Keg of Tar and Oil mixed together, a Slip Bell, Hopples, two 
 Setts of Shoes, and four Setts of Shoe Nails for each Horse, eight Sells 
 of Spare Hames and five Setts of Hame-Strings, a Bag to receive their 
 Provisions, » spare Sett of Lineh Pins, and a Handserew for every 
 
 three Waggons. The Drivers to be able bodied Men, capable of load- 
 ing and unloading and of assisting each other in ease of Accidents. 
 
 " The same price by the Hundred will be paid to those who carry 
 Provisions or Stores on Pack Horses to any of the Posts between Car- 
 lisle and Pittsburgh, and they shall also receive Eighteen Pence per 
 Horse for every Twenty Miles from the Places of their Abode to 
 Carlisle. 
 
 " Given at Philadelphia, this Fourth Day of May, 1759. 
 
 " John Stanwix." 
 
 June 9, 1759. — Gen. Stanwix complains that, notwith- 
 standing his terms offered for wagons, but few were yet 
 obtained ; being 17 from Bucks, 14 from Lancaster, and 6 
 from Carlisle. 
 
 Aug. 13, 1759. — Gen. Stanwix writes from Bedford: 
 " The County of Lancaster, our Chief Dapendance, is the 
 most Backward, and Bucks and Chester have given us only 
 Nominal Assistance, by sending us impressed Waggons, 
 unfit for this Service, by the Weakness of the Horses and 
 Carriages. The Managers meet with more opposition in 
 these two Counties than in any of the others, as the Magis- 
 trates seem unwilling to disoblige them ; and unless they 
 are spurred by the fear of incurring your displeasure, I am 
 afraid they will not Exert their Authority in such a man- 
 ner as will Answer the Purpose." 
 
 At the same time he wrote a circular letter to the 
 " Managers for Waggons" in each county, urging them to 
 exert themselves to procure a sufficient number. 
 
 Aug 16. — He urges that the Assembly should pass a 
 law for three months, as last year, with a penalty of twenty . 
 pounds to be levied upon those who refuse to send their 
 wagons to Fort Bedford, when thereto called upon by the 
 lawful magistrates to make good the quota at every town- 
 ship, the present penalty of forty shillings being insuffi- 
 cient. 
 
 Sept. 1, 1759. — The Assembly decline to pass the de- 
 sired law, and inform the Governor that it would be better 
 for Gen. Stanwix to pay off old contracts. "Besides, we 
 arc of opinion the Prices the General offers for Carriages 
 and Drivers are by no means adequate to the Risque and 
 service expected from them, and are much inferior to the 
 terms fixed and Established by a Law made for that pur- 
 pose ; this manifestly appears from long Experience, the 
 several Townships which have fitted out Carriages being 
 obliged to give large Bounties for their Waggons and 
 Drivers over and above the Wages offered by the General 
 for that Service, which has been a very great additional 
 Burthen to our present Taxes." 
 
 In Roger Hunt's account-book, though not in his hand- 
 writing, are " Incident Charges extraordinary," some of 
 them being as follows : 
 
 " 1759, June 10, To cash paid Henry Atherton for filling up blank 
 Advertisements for contracting, 160 in Number, @ id. 
 
 " To ditto paid John Jones for posting them and dispersing them 
 thro' the County, 150 @ la. Od. 
 
 "To 2 Advertisements for the setting out of the first Brigade of 
 Wagons, and further Directions and Instructions thereunto relating, 
 5». 
 
 " 12th : To Charges Contracting, — 1st at the Square, 6». lid. To 
 travailing Expenoes ]«. id. ; Nights Charge 3a. 2d. 
 
 " 13th : To Charges at Jn" Hannums in Concord 7«. lid. 
 
 " 14th : To Expenoes at the Half-way House, And" Caldwell's, 
 6«. lOd. 
 
 " 16th : To ditto at Buffington's, 2«. lid. ; at Jones's 1«. Id. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 55 
 
 "To ditto at Geo. Aston'a and travailing 11». 8d. ; at the Wliite 
 Horse, 38. id. 
 
 " 18th : To do. at the Ship in East Cain, 7«. 6d. 
 
 " 19th : To do. at the same place 6». 4d. 
 
 " To do. at the Ship from 20th, to September 8th at Sundry Times, 
 £4 1I>. 8(2. 
 
 " July 8th : To travailing Expenoes and sending Express to eight 
 magistrates to meet Col. Boquet at the Ship by his order, £2. 
 
 " To Cash paid George Aston for 6 Horses Hay (impressed) 4». 
 
 "To do. paid John Baldwin, for Pasture and Hay for 20 Horses, 
 impressed, 3 days and 2 Nights each, £1 6». 
 
 " To travailing Charges, to Philadelphia to buy Bags, £1. 
 
 "To ditto to Lancaster by Colon' Boquet's order, £1. 
 
 " To cash paid 0. Lewis for shoeing the Colonel's Horse, 2«. 
 
 "To Cash paid Rich* Evans for taking up a gray mare belonging 
 to the king, branded P. I. M. and for pasture 7s. 6rf. 
 
 " To Wm. Power to take her to Carlisle and find Pasture 12«. 
 
 " August 10th : To Cash paid John Downing for bringing 300 Bags 
 from Philad" to my House, £1. 
 
 "To do. paid Phineas Lewis for Horse Pasture £5. 
 
 " To do. paid Thom= Legate for taking up the Kings Horses 10». 
 
 "To Cash paid Joseph McKinley for 8 Bags, £3. 
 
 " To ditto paid Joseph Long for 2 ditto, 15». 
 
 " To do. paid John Smith for 14 do. of 4 Bushels each £5 5«. 
 
 £ i.d. 
 
 "To sending Copies of General Stanwix's Letter to the 
 
 Magistrates of this County &c. * per order 2 ,5 
 
 "To Cash advanced to Owen Aston, Wag" Master 30 
 
 "To ditto paid for 300 Bags 105 
 
 " To ditto paid Jane Parke for 2 Nights Hay for 2 Horses 
 
 sent to Bedford by Captain Hambright 4 0, 
 
 " To ditto paid Wm. Jones for 69 Bushels of Oats @ 2a. Od. 6 18 
 
 "To Cash paid Constables for impressing Wagons Horses 
 &c.% 57 in Number, 56. Od. each Constable per Colon' 
 Boquet's order 14 5 
 
 " September 5, To ditto paid Tho^ Legate for 12 Horses 
 
 Pasture, 18 days in the Day Time, @ Sd. each 2 14 
 
 "To do. to Jane Parke [at the Ship] for do. Horses in the 
 
 Night at Stable, @ 8d. per Night 7 40 
 
 '* To Debentures for Balances due to two Townships 
 Wagons fitted out at the Charge of the Crown 
 
 " To the Balance of East Nottingham wagon account. No. 
 61, £5 38. Irf. To Ditto of London Grove, No. 72, both 
 impressed, £1 28. Oid. The money remaining in the 
 Contractors Hands till accounted for and demanded by 
 the Inhabitants of the said Townships 6 5 I<t 
 
 "October 5, To Pasture of Sundry Horses impressed from 
 East Marlbro., London Grove, Newlin, East Notting- 
 ham, West Nantmell and Dwehlan, at Jane Parkes. 
 
 " To Sundry Expences at the Ship from Sept. 8th to Nov' 
 the 3d about the Business of Contractor 1 II 6 
 
 " 1760, Jany 24: To Cash paid Lieuten' Jones for Charges 
 of keeping impressed Horses whilst the party were out in 
 that Business Ac." 1 10 
 
 " 29th : To sundry Journeys and Exp» going to the owners 
 of Wagons (their accounts, not settled) to demand their 
 Reasons for such delay, Ac."' — 6 days in the whole, by 
 Colon" Boquet's Order, @ 108. Od. per day 3 
 
 " To appraisement of 88 Wagons @ 3». Od each 13 4 
 
 " To 21 Bushels of Oats of Roger Hunt's @ 28. Od. for im- 
 pressed Teams going out 2 2 0" 
 
 "Distances from Carlile to Lancaster and several Townships in 
 Chester County. 
 " From Carlile tffl,Lanoaster, the River Sesquianna, 2 miles wide 
 
 included, 54 Miles. 
 
 Miles. Perches. 
 
 From Lancaster to Joseph Steers, at the Red Lyon 5J and 30 
 
 To Caldwell's at the Hat 6i " 65 
 
 To John Miller's, at Pequae H " 12 
 
 To the Wagon, Jam' Ways 61 " 64 
 
 To the Ship, Tho» Parke's 6i " 13 
 
 To John Nealy's, at the Upper White Horse 8i " 12 
 
 To George Aston's, at the Admiral Warren 2i " 75 
 
 To the Ball, or King of Prussia 6^ " 66 
 
 TothePlough ^i " 69 
 
 TotheBuok 2f " 06 
 
 To the Black Horse 6 " 34 
 
 To the middle fferry, Coultas *i " 21 
 
 To Philad» Court House •. li " 50 
 
 Miles. £ B. d. 
 From Carlile to the Ship in East Cain 85 and 86= 170 6 7 6 
 To the Upper White Horse, Nealy's, 94 and 94= 184 6 18 
 
 Miles. Perches. 
 From Lancaster to the Ship in East Cain, Chester 
 
 County.....j.. 31i 32 
 
 From the Sh^in East Cain to Philadelphia 34i 26 
 
 Miles. Porches. 
 
 To John Nealy's, the Upper White Horse 424 38 
 
 To George Aston's, at the Admir' Vernon 45J 33 
 
 To the Ball, or King of Prussia 62^ 19 
 
 Tothe Plough 58 78 
 
 To the Buck 61 64 
 
 To the Black Horse 
 
 "Distances computed from Lancaster to Fort Bedford. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 From Lancaster to Carlisle 54 
 
 From Carlile to Shippensburgh 20 (?) 
 
 From thence to London 22 (?) 
 
 To Littleton 19 
 
 To Juniatta Crossings 18 
 
 To Fort Bedford 14 
 
 Some account of wagons furnished by the different 
 townships in Chester County, as appears by Roger Hunt's 
 account-book : 
 
 .48(01?. — William Gilkison, Pequea, received advance of £10. Bal- 
 ance of £10 198. Gd. paid to John Wilson, of Salsbury, Lancaster Co. 
 Aug. 21, 1759. Delivered C.17, 2, 24 flour at Fort Bedford, Aug. 11, 
 £16 lOe. Od: mileage for 150 miles £5 128. 6d. John Gilkison en- 
 tered two wagons Oct. 13th (one for John Wilson) to set off the 1 6th 
 if possible. Delivered 6 bbis flour and 17 bushels, 3 pecks of Speltz^ 
 from Carlile to Fort Loudon. Settled Nov. 5th. From Aston to Car- 
 lile and back, 216 miles. October 25th, Robert Armour enters one 
 wagon for Ashtown; pressed (changed to Upper Chichester). 
 
 " Memorand.— December the 27th, 1769: That John Wilson, of 
 Salisbury, in the County of Lancaster, who hath been employed to go 
 out with his wagon for the Townships of Oxford and Ash Town, in 
 Chester County, came and complained of a short allowance in his 
 settlement for Ash Town, alledging that Gerrard Grimes had ac- 
 quainted him that Mr. Shippen, Contractor for Lancaster County, al- 
 lowed and settled for wagons of that County at 88. 9rf. ^ C. to ffort 
 London ', therefore paid him 13a. ^Id. to make up the Deficiency, and 
 sent by him 138. 9d. for Samuel Hughes, wagoner for Willis Town ; 
 both said accounts of Wilson and Hughes having been settled at 88. 
 Orf. ^ C. 
 
 "And in like manner all the rest from Carlile to Loudon @ 88. 9d. 
 henceforth, and those settled for before in this Book, &c., altered to 
 that price." 
 
 Bethel. — Ten pounds received as a bounty from Edward Whitaker 
 in behalf of the township; paid to John James for fitting out a 
 wagon. John Cooper entered a wagon, but perhaps it did not go. 
 John Wilson credited with delivering oats and flour from Carlile to 
 Loudon. Also Hugh Wilson, of Salisbury, Lancaster Co., received, 
 Aug. 23, £7 48. Orf. for 6 bbIs of flour from Carlile to Loudon. 
 
 Jiirmingham. — Joseph McKinley rec'd cash in advance £10, .June 
 22, 1759. Freight C.13, 3, 10, pork; mileage for 186 miles. Settled 
 Aug. 21. 
 
 £. Bradford. — Christopher Smith : Freight 14 bags of Speltz, 
 weighing C.23, 1, 12, £20 S». 84rf. Mileage from Ship and back £6. 
 Settled Nov. 2, 1769. 
 
 John Vaughan, 10 bbls flour, Carlile to Ft. Morris @ 38. 6rf. ^ 
 Cwt.; 9 bbls flour, Carlile to Bedford @ 178. 6rf.; 1 bbl flour to 
 Loudon J mileage for 180 miles. Settled July, 1760. 
 
 W. Bradford. — Andrew Cox entered two wagons for W. Bradford 
 and E. Cain. Freight 13 bbls pork weighing C.35, 3, 26. Rec'd 
 8 bus. oats at Fort Loudon. Mileage, 80 miles at 158. Orf. for 20 miles, 
 £6. Returning from Carlile, two wagons, 80 miles, £6. Received a 
 balance of £12 6e. id. from Roger Hunt July 20, 1769. 
 
 James Fleming, 6 bbls flour to Ligonier, 10 days @ 158. Orf.; 8 
 ditto, Carlile to Bedford, £15 108.; 180 miles. Settled Deo. 17, 1769. 
 
 S. Cabi. — Andrew Cox enters two wagons Oct. 26, and James Er- 
 win enters one. Andrew Cox and brother John credited with 9 bbls 
 flour, Carlile to Bedford; 6 ditto, Bedford to Ligonier; also 8 bbls 
 flour C. to B., and 4 ditto, Bedford to Ligonier. Mileage for each, 
 160 miles. 
 
 W. Calti. — Wagon entered by William Clingan and Joseph Bishop. 
 William Clingan credited with 8 bbls flour at Fort Bedford, Aug. II, 
 1769. Oct. 25, entered wagon for W. Cain. Credited by 8 bbls flour 
 from Carlile to Bedford, £15 lOs. Ten days @ 16e. Orf. per day from 
 Carlile to Ligonier. Mileage to and from Carlile (in each account) 
 160 miles. " By a mare left at Allegeni Mount, ^r Certificate of Mr. 
 Onrrey ; appraised and valued £12." Settled Dec. 19. 
 
 * German wheat. 
 
56 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Charleatoum. — John Koplin, Esq., credited with 60 days, July It, 
 to Sept. 14; @ 15>. Od. hauling and worlting between Carlile and 
 Ligonier; 5 days reluming from Ligonier to Bedford; 5 more at 
 Carlile. Mileage £6 15a ; wagon appraised at Ft. Bedford, £15; 
 pair of Quoilers, 258. Od., do. Cash advanced, £30; received by 
 driver of Geo. Featerman, £2 1D«. Bal. Dec. 18, £46 5». 6rf. A 
 horse lost returning home. 
 
 " Wm. Bosman, of Lancaster, entered a team in behalf of Charles- 
 town, and took a note of £10 as a bounty of the inhabitants, Aug, 
 25, 1759. Sept. 28, delivered 60 bushels of oats, in ten bags, at Fort 
 Bedford. Mileage for 100 miles from Lancaster to Carlile and back. 
 £15 paid to Dr. Adam Simon Euhn, and balance £4 9«. 9d. to Mr. 
 Bosman. 
 
 Cheater. — Hugh Wilson, Salisbury, Lancaster Co., entered one wagon 
 for Chester town, and to receive £5 as a bounty, by Benjamin Davis, 
 Esq., David Cowpland, and John Hanby's assumption to Roger Hunt 
 in Fhilada. for said £5. Credited by 4 bags of oats and 6 bbls flour, 
 weighing C.20, 0, 3, and mileage for 216 miles. Total, £25 12«. &d. 
 Settled Oct. 27. 
 
 Upper Chichester. — Aug. 1st, 1759. Dr. Adam Sinion Kuhn en- 
 tered one wagon. Kec'd of Abel Whitaker £10 as a bounty, which 
 was sent per John Switzer to William Bosman, who is credited with 6 
 casks from Lancaster to Carlile, and 8 from Carlile to Littleton. 
 
 Lower Chicheater. — Samuel Howell entered one wagon. Benjamin 
 Howell, ditto, July 25, 1759. Perhaps they did not go. James Sim- 
 erson credited with 8 bbls flour delivered. Mileage, from E. Cain to 
 Carlile and back, 166 miles. Settled Nov. 2, 1759. 
 
 Concord. — Thomas Parke enters a wagon. Cash paid John James 
 Aug. 16, £18 la. 6d. Delivered 63 bushels oats at Bedford. Mileage 
 from Barnabas Hughes' to Carlile and back, 62 miles. Donegal, Lan- 
 caster Co., wagon. 
 
 (2d.) John James rec'd cash, Sept. 24, £17 12». 6d. Credited 
 same date with 63 bushels oats delivered at Fort Littleton, £10 4s. Qd. 
 For use of nine bags @ Qd. each, 4a. Qd. 192 miles from Concord 
 to Carlile and back @ 9d., £7 4a. Od. 
 
 Coventry. — John Shope enters one wagon for Coventry — gone — 
 pressed. 
 
 Upper ])arhy. — John Moore and Joshua Bonsall enter a wagon. 
 Benjamin Bonsall, ditto. Sept, 20. Joshua Bonsall rec'd cash Aug. 
 13, £22 19s. bid: credited by 8 bbls flour from Carlile to Juniata 
 Crossings, one cask to Loudon, one day detained at Loudon. Mileage 
 for 220 miles from Darby to Carlile and back. 
 
 Benjamin Bonsall credited by 11 Bags oats and mileage for 232 
 miles, £21 10», Zd. William Wood rec'd cash, £18, Dec. 24, 1759. 
 
 Lower Darby. — Francis Morris entered a wagon ; credited by 7 
 bbls flour, Carlisle to Bedford, and 10 bags of oats, 44i bushels. One 
 day detained at Fort Loudon ; was at Carlisle Aug. 29, Account 
 settled Nov. 8, 1759. 
 
 James Simerson, credited with 28 bushels Speltz and 31 bushels 
 oats. Mileage from the Ship to Carlisle and back £6, Rec'd payment 
 Nov, 2, 1759, £20 18«, Id. 
 
 Eaattoim.—lsi>a,a Wayne, 1 waggon, pressed, gone, July 25, 1759. 
 
 £ a. d. 
 
 " Isaac Wayne to his majesty Dr to cash 31 1 4 
 
 To 11 bushels of oats at Carlisle 17 6 
 
 & for 4i bushels of Rye at Ditto 15 9 
 
 & for 8 bushels of oats at Ditto 1 o 
 
 Cash paid him more 16 6i 
 
 36 1 IJ 
 Cb, 
 
 " By ten Bags of oats, 46 Busfiels and half, C,14, 0, 22 
 gross, from Carl isle to Bedford, 
 By 7 bbls of flour, from CarlisJe to Bedford, C,15, 
 2, 0, gross. By 218 miles from Easttown, 
 
 Chester County to Carlile nnd back 8 3 6 
 
 The C,29, 2, 22 gross @ 17»,6rf '.,'"', 26 2 7i 
 
 By 1 day detained at fort Loudon 15 
 
 35 1 li" 
 James Wilson entered a wagon for Easttown, pressed ; credited by 
 25 bushels Speltz and 5 bbls. flour delivered at Loudon ; total C.18, 
 3, 0, @ 8«. 9rf., £7 lis. 6rf. Mileage from Easttown to Carlile and 
 back, 202 miles, £7 1 1», id. Rec'd Cash, £ 1 5 3*, Od, Oct, 27, 1 759. 
 
 EdgmoHt. — James Sill rec'd cash in advance of £20, July 9 1759. 
 Credited by 5 days going from Edgmont to Carlile, 104 miles; by 
 being in his majesties service from July 20th to the 31st, as per certifi- 
 
 cate, 10 days; thence to the third of September, 34 days, and 10 days 
 returning home. In all £44 5s. 
 
 James Wilson credited by 7 bbls flour, Carlile to Bedford ; mileage 
 for 200 miles ; 3 /erridgea, 15 shillings. 
 
 E. Fallowfield, — James Simerson entered two wagons and received 
 advance of £20. Christopher Smith entered one wagon July 28, 
 which was to be ready by the 1st of August without fail. Paid by K. 
 H., £10 bounty. 
 
 James Simerson, of Raphe twp., Lancaster Co., credited by 8 bbls 
 flour, Carlile to Bedford, and mileage for 86 miles. 
 
 James Fleming credited by 6 bbls fionr, Bedford to Ligonier, 10 
 days @ 15a. Od. ; 8 bbls, Carlile to Bedford. Mileage for 160 miles. 
 
 William Bosman, of Lancaster, rec'd Aug. 25, £13 10a. 4d.,.took 8 
 bbls flour from Carlile to Littleton, weighing C.18, 0, 14, £10 Ss. id. 
 Mileage for 100 miles £3 5>. Od. 
 
 W. Fallowfield. — Christopher Smith entered two wagons, and re- 
 ceived £20 advance, July 28th. Robert Boyle entered one wagon. 
 John Park, of W, Fallowfield, entered one July 20, 1759. Arthur 
 Andrew entered one July 28th, in place of Robert Boyle's. Park's 
 did not go. James Simerson entered one wagon July 28, to be ready 
 Aug. 1st: rec'd of R. H, £10 in advance, 
 
 Christopher Smith credited by 8 bbls flour from Carlile to Bedford, 
 Mileage from Raphe twp,, 86 miles. 
 
 William Bosman, of Lancaster, credited by 8 bbls flour, from Car- 
 lile to Littleton, weighing C.18, 0, 14, £10 5a. 4d.; mileage for 100 
 miles, £3 5«. Od. Rec'd Aug. 25, £13 10s, id. 
 
 Arthur Andrews credited by 7 bbls flour C. to B. ; IJ days deten- 
 tion at Loudon; mileage for 172 miles. Rec'd Aug. 24, £20 7a. 3rf. 
 
 Robert Long enters one wagon for West Fallowfield, Sept. 29, 1759, 
 pressed. Credited by 4 bbls flour from Carlile to Bedford ; 6 bags of 
 oats ditto; mileage for 172 miles. Settled Jan. 30, 1760. 
 
 Goahen. — Jonathan Davis entered one wagon and received £30 ad- 
 vance. 
 
 Jfaverford. — Robert Armor entered one wagon Sept. 25. Credited 
 by 5 bags of Speltz, weighing C.8, 2, 22, and 6 bbls flour, weighing 
 C.13, 2, 22 ; mileage from Harford to Carlile and back, 222 miles. 
 Whole amount £27 188. bid. Settled Get. 27, 1759. 
 
 Thomas Hubbart entered one wagon : credited by 112 days, July 
 11 to Oct. 31, 1760, @ 15a. Od. Cash advanced, £30. 
 
 " Copy of Mr. Ourrey's Certificate and Discharge of William Jones, 
 Wagon Driver for Mr. Thomas Hubbart's wagon for Haverford Town- 
 ship: 
 
 "This certifies that I have this Day discharged Wm. Jon^s, wag- 
 oner of George Aston's Brigade, with his wagon and Geers and two 
 Horses : one of the others died in the service, the other strayed. He 
 has received of Mr. Lindsay one pound sixteen and nine pence, and 
 of me two pounds. Given under my Hand at Bedford this 30th day 
 of Oof, 1759. Lt. Oubeey." 
 
 Kennelt. — Peter Short entered one wagon Oct. 9, 1759. Hugh Wil- 
 son entered one and received July 25, £20 advance. Credited by 6 
 bbls flour from Carlile to Bedford ; one day detained at Ft. Loudon ; 
 mileage for 136 miles. Settled Aug. 23. 
 
 Michael Kiser credited with 9 bbls flour, C. to B.; one ditto, Car- 
 lile to Loudon; mileage for 194 miles; ferriage 4a, Od. Advance to 
 Shorts, £5, Advance to Kiser, £5. 
 
 Londortgrove. — July 30, 1759 : John Jordan and Robert Lamborn 
 pay all Charges that accrues on a wagon and 5 horses, impressed. 
 No body would enter it. Sent to Mr, Shippen at Lancaster to be 
 equipt. Credit given by 6 bbls flour from Lancaster to Ft, Littleton, 
 and 2 bbls from Shippensburg to Loudon. Mileage £6 3a. Od. John 
 Farran, driver. 
 
 William Bosman entered one wagon for this township, July 30, 
 1759. 
 
 London Britain. — John Singleton entered one wagon ; gone the 
 21 St of August. Credited by 11 Bags of Chopt Rye and straw, 1134 
 lbs., and a ohest of stilliards, 118 lbs., from Carlile to Loudon. Mile- 
 age for 192 miles. 
 
 " October 25, 1759, James Moor enter 2 waggons for London Britain : 
 it is to sett ofi' next munday or tusday at fardest, — presed." 
 
 Londonderry. — James Moor entered a wagon ^' obligation; gone 
 the 21 st of August; pressed. 
 
 Credited by 24 bushels speltz, weighing gross C.6, 2, 11; 26 
 bushels of Cut Rye, weighing gross CIO, 0, 8; 64 bushels of oats 
 weighing gross C.17, 3, 24; in all C.34, 2, 15, for £30 6s. 7ji; 168 
 miles from Londonderry to Carlile and back, £6 4a. 6d.. Settled Oct.lJS, 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 57 
 
 E. Marlborough.—" 2 teems went to Lancaster to be fitted there : 
 no body would enter them." Sent to Mr. Shippen to be fitted 
 out. Team driven by Patrick Winter, credited by 6 bbls flour from 
 Lancaster to Ft. Littleton, and a cask of flour from Carlilo to Loudon : 
 mileage £6 .3«. M. " 1759, Aug. loth Memorand. That Patrick Winter, 
 wagon Driver of East Marlebro, left a dark sorrel Horse with a star 
 at the widow Reed's, 7 miles beyond Shippensburgh, per William 
 Postlethwaita's order : the said Horse in the King's Pasture at the 
 said widow Reed's." 
 
 Mem. "Sept. 8th, that George Peiroe of East Marlebrough took 
 his waggon and cart sadle and 2 pear of beams home." August 21, 
 Daniel Meser took his two Horses home, but to return when oal'd 
 for. 
 
 W. JlfarJ6oro«>/A.-^Hugh Wilson, Salisbury, Lancaster Co., enters 
 u wagon July 25th : engages to set off ."Sutb. July 2Sth, " West 
 Marleborough heath sent 13 subscribers that they would enter 1 
 waggon." 
 
 Hugh Wilson credited by 8 bbls flour from Carlisle to Bedford. 
 Mileage for 136 miles. Received July 23, advance of £20. Account 
 settled Aug. 23. 
 
 Marple. — Robert Taylor reo'd advance £20 July, 1759 : To the 
 driver at Lancaster 16«. %d., and 48. 0(2. at E. Cain. Credited 
 by Flour from Carlile to LitUcton, @ lis. 8rf. ^ C. £7 15». : i 
 days detained at fort London : Mileage for 216 miles : whole amount 
 £19 12«. 
 
 Christopher Smith credited by 8 bbls flour and mileage from B. 
 Cain and back, 166 miles. Cash advanced, £20. Balance £1 lOa. 2d. 
 Paid Nov. 2. 
 
 jl/irfdie(oion.— William Noblit entered one wagon and received £20 
 advance. 
 
 Christopher (or Samuel) Smith credited by 34 bushels of Speltz and 
 28 bushels of oats, weighing C.17, 0, 7. Mileage from the Ship and 
 back £6. Whole amount £20 18«. 7d. Settled Nov. 2. 
 
 E. Nantmeal. — •' August 28th, 1759, Samuel Flower, Esquire, en- 
 ters one wagon and four horses and geers, implements, bags, well 
 
 eqnipt ffor East Nantmell Township." 
 
 " Per Benj" Evans. 
 
 " Sent out, August 31st, following." 
 
 Credited by 64^ bushels of Spelts in 12 bags, from Carlile to Bed- 
 ford, C.W, 3, 19, @ 17«. 6d. Mileage for 171 miles: settled Oct. 11. 
 (William Scanlin, driver of Capt. Flower's wagon.) 
 
 Benjamin Evans, manager for Samuel Flower, credited by 8 bbls 
 flour to Bedford £15 10«. Hid.; 9 ditto from Carlile to Loudon £7 
 7s. 6d. Detained at Littleton one day 15». ; mileage for 156 miles 
 £5 17». Orf. 
 
 W. Nantmeal. — July 28, William Noble enters one wagon "to sett 
 off a munday next." Credited by 8 bbls flour from Carlile to Bed- 
 ford; detained at Loudon li days: mileage for 152 miles. Rec'd 
 Aug. 24, £22 6s. 5d. 
 
 James Grimes rec'd July 13, £10 and balance, £9 9». 9id., Aug. 
 20. 7 bbls flour, Carlile to Bedford : mileage for 152 miles. San 
 John, the driver, rec'd 2 bus oats at Ft. London. 
 
 New Garden. — Joseph Cookson, Pequea, enters one wagon in be- 
 half of this township, July 27. Rec'd £15 bounty of R. H. Wm. 
 Bosman, Lancaster, reo'd Aug. 25, £13 10s. id. Took 8 bbls. flour 
 from Carlile to Littleton, £10 5». id. Mileage from Lancaster, 100 
 miles, £3 6s. Qd. Joseph Cookson received a balance Jan. 8, 1760. 
 Amt. £24 5s. llfrf. 
 
 Newlin. — William Bosman of Lancaster entered one wagon and 
 four horses July 30, 1759 : Rec'd £10 bounty. 
 
 Price and Bosman credited by 6 bbls flour from Lancaster to Car- 
 lile, and two more taken up at Carlile : all delivered at Littleton. 
 
 New London.—" Alexander Johnston, Esq"-, a wagon for New Lon- 
 don ^ obligation— gone the 21 of August— presed." " October 2. 
 Alex Johnson, Cross Roads, Enters one waggon for the Lore End of 
 New London township as may appear by his Letter deate the Ist of 
 October, 1759; this is y' second." " 1759, December 1th. Merandom, 
 that Mr. Jones presed one white Horse from David Emmit of New 
 London township : the 6^ Horse Mr. Emit think was Branded with 
 
 H. Cost Mr. Emit eight pounds a year agoe : to enquire of 
 
 Capt. Hambright about s* Horse." 
 
 Alexander Johnson, Esq., credited by 43 bushels of chopt Rye and 
 cut straw, Ct. 9, from Carlile to Littleton ; 6 bbls of pork from Car- 
 lile to Fort Morris: Mileage, £6 188.; whole amount, £3 9«. 3rf. 
 Settled l%6a. 
 8 
 
 Neiotoion, — John Cooper enters one wagon, Aug. 16. Probably did 
 not go. 
 
 Sept. 5, Richard Foulk (Fawkes) enters one wagon for Newtown : 
 "this is the second wagon for this town, — presed." Rec'd £20 
 advance. 
 
 Richard Fawkes credited by 8 bbls flour from Lancaster to Bed- 
 ford : Mileage for 200 miles : Reo'd Deo. 1, £23 Is. 8id. 
 
 Second time of going out. Cash advanced, £20, Deo. 1759 : 20 
 Cwt. of Baggage taken from Carlilo to Bedford; 7 days detention: 
 mileage for 212 miles. William Shorts, driver. 
 
 E. Nottingham. — " August 13. Impressed one wagon and five 
 Horses from East Notingham, Thomas Green, junior, driver. An- 
 other was presed, that is, a wagon, but Returned home." " Aug. 18, 
 Andrew Boyd engaged for -i wagon for East Nottingham as ^ his 
 obligation." " Roger Hunt for East Nottingham Paid a bounty, £10 
 R. H. Reo'd \t, £10." 
 
 The wagon impressed and fitted out credited by 43 bushels chopt 
 Rye delivered: mileage to and from Carlile 178 miles: u month's 
 wages £6 10s. 30 bushels of oats bought of Jane Parke at 28. 
 
 " Memorand. Jan'/ 10th 1760. Thomas Green, Junr, gives an account 
 that a Mare of white Colour, branded I D on the near shoulder, about 
 13 years old, impressed from John Day of East Nottingham and ap- 
 praised at £13 10s., and sent out by Do. Green in the wagon, and on 
 his Return delivered to the said John Day, is since dead." 
 
 W. Nolliiigham.—" August 13. Rec'd a bounty of Thomas Coul- 
 son and William Allen, both of West Nottingham Township.— Ten 
 Pounds as a bounty for sending a waggon to the Westward." 
 
 " Aug. 18, Haines and Compa. engaged for a wagon for W. Not- 
 tingham as p obligation. Reo'd about £10. Paid it." 
 
 "August 13th 1759: Received of William Hains Ten Pounds as 
 bounty for Imploying a Teem in his majesties service in behalf of 
 West Notingham township. William Bently, by Peque, Enters one 
 waggon for West Notingham township. Paid £10 bounty to Bently 
 William, James Purdy is gone instead of Bently." 
 
 Mem. that Mathias Slough sends 2 wagons in behalf of West Not- 
 tingham and Westtown townships. " R. H. sent the money ^ post, 
 y' is, £20, as a bounty for y® 2 teems." 
 
 James Purdy entered a wagon Aug. 20. 
 
 Jacob Varnor credited by 8 bbls flour from Carlile to Bedford, and 
 mileage for 178 miles @ 9d. ^ mile. Settled Oct. 10, 1759. 
 
 James Purdy credited with 51 bushels of oats and mileage for 169 
 miles. Settled Nov. 11. 
 
 Oxford. — " Job Ruston for Oxford, a wagon p obligation. Ruston 
 gave a bounty to John Wilson, Peque." "Aug. 12. John Wilson, 
 Salisbury township, Lancaster, enters one wagon for Oxford town- 
 ship." 
 
 Credited by 8 bbls flour from Carlile to Bedford and mileage from- 
 Oxford to Carlile and back 152 miles; — (the miles from Oxford to 
 Lancaster a mistake). See Aston township. 
 
 Pikeluud. — Christian Gemelin, one wagon, — preased, — gone. 
 
 "November 1st. Thomas Parke enters one wagon for Pikeland 
 township ; this the 2d wagon for this town, — pressed." 
 
 Credited by a load of flour from Samuel Scott's mill to Fort Bed- 
 ford, certified and paid for by Scott: 4 bbls from Bedford to Ligonier 
 and back, 10 days @ 15s. Od., 190 miles. " By a wagon left at th& 
 Shades of Death, £20; By a Bay horse dead on the road, £10; By a 
 Bay mare that was given out and left, £12." 
 
 Upper Providence. — John Cooper entered one wagon; received cash 
 advance, £30 ; Credited by carriage of 20 cwt. of Baggage from Car- 
 lile to Bedford, £17 10s.; 7 days detention; mileage for 212 miles; 
 whole amount, £30 14s. 
 
 Lower Providence. — Nathaniel and Moses Vernon entered one 
 wagon. Nathaniel Vernon credited by sundries from Carlile to Bed- 
 ford, £14 2«. 9id.; mileage for 200 miles, £7 10s.; 6 bbls pork to 
 Littleton, £9 138. 9d.; 7 bbls flour from Littleton to Bedford, £4 10s. 
 bd. ; mileage for 200 miles, £7 10s. ; "^otal, £43 6s. llfd. Rec'd £20 
 advance, and cash to driver, 2s. 6d. Settled Deo. 1st. This wagon 
 probably went the second time, being entered in July and again 
 Oct. 8th. 
 
 Radnor. — " Thomas Legitt to his majesty, 
 
 De. £ «. d. 
 
 To Cash advanced 10 19 
 
 'To 2 Bushels oata 6 
 
 To Cash 10 8 5 
 
 21 13 
 
58 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Cn. £ 
 By 6 bbis of Pork from Carlile to Bedford, weigh- 
 ing gross, C.13, 3, 10, is 12 
 
 Miles from Carlile to Radnor and Back is 196 miles 7 
 To eundreys from Carlile to Littleton as per Re- 
 ceipt may appear C.3, 3, 7 @ 11«. Sd. pr. 
 hundred 2 
 
 14 
 
 
 4 4 
 
 21 13 5 
 
 " Mem. The above named was the first man that agreed for a 
 bounty in Chester County." 
 
 Hugh Wilson entered a wagon Oct. 25th. Credited by 7 bbIs flour 
 from Carlile to Bedford j mileage for 215 miles j settled Nov. 14. 
 
 Ridley. — Dugald Mclntire entered a wagon Oct. 8, 1759; credited 
 by 5 bbls pork from Carlile to Littleton on Mr. Hoops' account ; 
 mileage for 211 miles. Settled Nov. 5. (2d account.) By 17 owt. 
 from Carlile to Bedford @ 17«. 6(i., £14 178. 6rf.; three days deten- 
 tion, £2 5«.; mileage for 214 miles, £8 ; ferriage, 5s. Settled Nov. 12. 
 
 Sadahmy. — July 30, Thomas Hope enters one wagon, to be ready 
 to set off by the 6th. Credited by 6 bbls pork delivered; 2 days 
 detention, and mileage from Sadsbury to Carlile and back, 154 miles. 
 
 Sept. 21. Thomas Parke enters one wagon. Credited by a load of 
 flour from Samuel Scott's mill to Fort Bedford, mileage, £5 15s. 6d. ; 
 paid Dec. 24. 
 
 Spriitgjield. — Moi'decai Taylor entered a wagon and received £20 
 advance, July 9, 1759 ; Credited by 54 days going from Springfield 
 to Carlile; 12 days thence to Bedford; two days detention and 11 
 days returning to Springfield : Total, £22 17s. 6rf. 
 
 Thorrtbwy. — John Woodward fitted out a wagon, — pressed. Kec'd 
 advance, July 26, £10, and balance, £7 4«. 9c;., Jan., 1760. John 
 Shorts credited by 7 bbls flour from Carlisle to Bedford ; 8 days from 
 Bedford to Stoney Creek, £6 ; mileage for 208 miles. Account settled 
 with Peter Shorts, Nov. 27. 
 
 Tredyffriii. — John Rowland fitted out a wagon and received £10 
 advance. Joseph Mitchell and John Rowland credited by 4 bbls 
 flour from Ft. Loudon to Ft. Bedford, 57 miles, @ Ss. 9d. ^ C, £3, 
 15s. id. "By haling Baggage from July 18th to August 22d, and 
 Tools for two Companies cutting Roads, 36 days @ 15s. Orf. ^ day, 
 £27 ; By 2 days more, as p Captain David Hunter's Certificate, £1 
 10s.; By 190 miles from Tredyff'rin to Carlile and back, £7 2s. &d; By 
 allowance for Mr. Armstrong's Baggage, 5s. Cash advanced, £10 ; 
 Do. paid John Gronow, £29 Os. id. 
 
 Uwchlan. — John Vaughan entered one wagon and received advance 
 of £30. Dennis Whelen entered one July 30, and received advance of 
 £20. Credited by carriage of C.19, 3, 20 @ 17s. 6d. ; mileage for 184 
 miles. Balance, £4 6s. 9id., paid Aug. 20. John Thomson, driver. 
 
 Vincent. — George Aston entered one wagon which went out. No 
 accounts. 
 
 Weattuwn. — " Aug. 15, Rco'd of Samuel Osborn Ten Pounds Bounty 
 for Imploying a waggon in behalf of West Township." " Sent £10 to 
 Slough pr post." Aug. 23, Matthias Slough entered one wagon. 
 Credited with 60 bushels of oats delivered at Ft. Bedford; mileage to 
 Carlile and back, 190 miles. 
 
 James Brwin credited by 8 bbls of flour to Bedford; 6 ditto to 
 Ligonier; i days a.tl 5s. Orf.; mileage, £6. Cash advanced, Oct. 27, £5. 
 
 Whitehnd. — James Erwin entered a wagon June 21, 1759, and 
 received advance of £10. Credited by C.16, 2, 12 of pork delivered 
 July 13, £14 10s. 6oi.; mileage for 162 miles, £6 Is. Settled July 20, 
 with Roger Hunt. " John Porterfeeld, of Dunigall, enters one wagon 
 in behalf of Whiteland township." Aug. 16: "This is the second 
 teem sent this year." Credited by 8 bbls flour, C.17, 2, 15, @ 
 17s. 6d., £15 8s. 7d. ; mileage to Carlile and back, 192 miles, £7 4s. ; 
 Total, £22 12s. 7d. Settled Oct. 28. 
 
 " Rec'd August 7th, 1759, of Roger Hunt, Twenty shillings for en- 
 tering five Pack Horses of my own and one gray mear. Branded 
 P. I. M., belonging to the King, which I doe hearby promis to De- 
 liver to Mr. James Sinclair at Carlile. William Power." 
 
 " Entered into his majesty's servis a black mare. Branded W. P., 
 belonging to William Poor, appraised at £4 10s. Od. 
 
 [Appraisers.] "John Downing, 
 
 Robert Carter, 
 Jonathan Stalker, 
 Evan Jones." 
 
 "August y» 7th, 1759, 
 Rec'd the above horse into 
 the servis. Roger Hunt." 
 
 (Similar entries of four other horses.) 
 
 "August 7th, 1759: Contracted for Eighteen pence per day for 
 Each Horse, and Entered in behalf of Whiteland Township." 
 
 Mem. " Sept' 5, that William Power Returned with all his horses." 
 Same date received £14 6«. 54^., for carrying C.16, 1, 8 of flour from 
 Carlile to Ft. Bedford. 
 
 (2d account.) Dr. to Cash, £20 15s. lOd.; To ditto received at 
 Bedford of Mr. Ourrey, £0 15». Od. Credited by 5 Bags of flour from 
 Carlile to Bedford, weighing C.8, 0, 11 gross; 5 Bags of flour from 
 Carlile to Bedford, C.8, 3, 26 gross— C.17, 0, 9 @ 17s. 6d., £14 18s. 
 lOd. ; By 176 miles from the white horse to Carlile and Back £6 
 12s. Od. 
 
 Willistomi. — John Hanna entered one wagon July 26, and received 
 £20 advance; — to set ofF the 31st without fail. Credited by 0.16, 
 2, 12 freight, including boxes of tools and leather: mileage for 200 
 miles, to and from Carlile. Balance of £1 188 9rf. paid Aug. 21. 
 
 Oct. 16. Samuel Hughes enters one wagon as per John Wilson's 
 letter may appear : Credited by 62 bushels of Speltz, weighing C.18, 
 
 I, 3, from Carlile to Loudon : mileage from Carlile to Willistown and 
 back, 194 miles, £7 6s. 6rf.* 
 
 King George II. died on the 25th of October, 1760, but 
 his grandson and successor, Greorge III., was not proclaimed 
 in Pennsylvania till the 2 1st of January following. On 
 May 6, 1762, Governor Hamilton informs a special session 
 of the Assembly of a declaration of war against Spain. 
 This aroused considerable alarm, especially in Philadelphia, 
 as Spain then possessed a powerful navy, and preparations 
 were made for defense. 
 
 In 1758 the Yearly Meeting of Friends had advised its 
 members to withdraw from political affairs, and this advice 
 was renewed in 1762. The subordinate meetings took up 
 the subject, and appointed committees to wait upon office- 
 holders personally. Thus, at Goshen Monthly Meeting, 3, 
 
 II, 1763, "Amos Yarnall, John Hibberd, David Eeece, 
 and Isaac Thomas are appointed to treat with such friends 
 within this meeting's compass who hold offices in Govern- 
 m', which subjects them to a violation of the funda- 
 mental privilege of Liberty of conscience." 
 
 5, 6, 1763, they " report they have taken an opp*^ with 
 one of the representatives of Assembly, and that he do not 
 apprehend himself culpable, and as to county commis- 
 sioners and assessors there are none within the verge of 
 this meeting." 
 
 The member of Assembly mentioned was George Ash- 
 
 * From another source the following account is obtained, without 
 date, but perhaps prior to 1759 : 
 
 George Bcntly Acknowledges Himself Having Rec'd on Aco' of the 
 Waggon Fitted out by Newlin Township the following sums of money, 
 Viz« 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Of Roger Hunt 47 8 
 
 Of James Coultis 10 14 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Goods sold at Vendue 8 14 9 66 16 9 
 
 Craves allowance by the following sums : 
 
 £ I. d. 
 
 paid to Dani Stubbs 23 9 2 
 
 To W". Nichols 9 
 
 To Danl Stubbs 12 9 6 
 
 ToTho'Baily 5 19 6 
 
 To Charles Wilson 2 2 6 
 
 To Joseph Hayes 14 11 
 
 To Alex' Duncan 7 6 
 
 To Philip Taylor, he says by 
 
 Discount of Taxes, Ac, Ac. 4 10 
 
 The Waggoner's aco» 5 8 
 
 To Jn» Strode ^ rec' 14 10 
 
 To sundry persons by Goods ] 
 they bought at Vendue &[ , 
 kept in their hands To- f ^ 
 
 wards money Due to them J 
 
 £ : d. 
 67 19 lOi 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 59 
 
 bridge, who, through all the stormy political dissensions 
 and the enactment of warlike measures, kept his seat for 
 thirty years. It is somewhat singular that his vote on 
 some of the questions was not called up for condemnation 
 by the society to which he belonged. 
 
 Peace with France was proclaimed in January, 1763, 
 and with Spain soon after. A fresh outbreak of Indian 
 outrages on the frontiers occurred in May, and the year 
 closed with the massacre of the Conestoga Indians at Lan ■ 
 caster, under the pretence that they were secretly aiding 
 the hostile tribes. Their murderers were called the Pax- 
 tang volunteers. Samuel Lightfoot, of Pikeland, writing to 
 his son Thomas, in Ireland, 3, 24, 1764:, says of them : 
 " But not yet satisfied with Blood, they assembled about 
 the beginning of last month, and came down to destroy 
 about 140 Indians who had taken refuge in the Barracks 
 at Phil*, among whom were Papoonhang & Comp*, with a 
 Number of Moravian Indians from about Bethlehem. 
 These y' s* volunteers intended to kill, as they told in 
 their way down : a number of 'em marched by the Red 
 Lion on the first day of the week after meeting. Some of 
 'em in Indian dress, as I was told, & all armed with guns. 
 Tomahawks, &c." Their appearance at Germantown 
 cau-sed, perhaps, more excitement and alarm in the city 
 than anything which had yet happened. Finding that 
 they would be met with armed resistance, they abandoned 
 their bloody design and returned to their homes. That 
 the descendants of these people would seek to justify their 
 actions is perhaps only natural, but the reasons advanced 
 can scarcely be consistent with the laws of humanity. 
 
 The act of the British Parliament for charging certain 
 stamped duties in the American colonies, known as the 
 Stamp Act, was passed in 1765. In October of this year 
 a vessel bringing a supply of stamps arrived at Philadel- 
 phia, but the opposition to the law was so great that it 
 could not be enforced. The excitement produced through- 
 out the British colonies was unparalleled, and the discus- 
 sions that resulted, it is known, led to the Revolution. 
 
 The Indian troubles ceased with a general treaty of 
 peace entered into in 1765 with Sir William Johnson ; but 
 it was through the instrumentality of Col. Boquet that the 
 Indians were humbled and brought to terms. 
 
 The odious Stamp Act was repealed on the 18th of 
 March, 1766, the news of which event, when it reached 
 America, caused unbounded demonstrations of joy. Though 
 the Quakers generally would not have violently resisted the 
 execution of the law, they shared with others the joy pro- 
 duced by the tidings of its repeal. 
 
 The most important event of 1767 was the final estab- 
 lishment of the line between the provinces of Pennsylvania 
 and Maryland by the surveyors whose name it bears, — 
 Mason and Dixon. Although this reduced the extent of 
 our territory on the southern border, it did not take eflFect 
 practically for several years. 
 
 After the repeal of the Stamp Act, the British Parlia- 
 ment passed, almost unanimously, an act imposing duties 
 on certain articles imported into the colonies. This act, 
 involving the same principle as that just repealed, — taxa- 
 tion without representation, — met. with the same opposi- 
 tion. Under a belief that it was the amount of the tax, 
 
 rather than the principle involved in imposing it, to which 
 the colonists objected, assurances were given in 1769 that 
 five-sixths of the taxes should be repealed. In the follow- 
 ing year the whole was abolished, except threepence per 
 pound on tea. 
 
 This produced only a temporary lull in the great politi- 
 cal storm that for some time had been gathering ; for the 
 right of taxation by the mother-country was still main- 
 tained. 
 
 On the 15th of September, 1774, Governor John Penn 
 issued a proclamation directing the recognition and observ- 
 ance of the line lately run between the provinces of Penn- 
 sylvania and Maryland, reciting that, — 
 
 "In pursuance of certnin Articles of Agreemen' made the tenth 
 day of May, Anno Domini, 1732, between Charles Lord Baltimore, 
 Proprietor of the Province of Maryland, and the Honorable the Pro- 
 prietaries of the Province of Pennsylvania, and Counties of New 
 Castle, Kent, and Sussex, on Delaware, and of the Decree of the Lord 
 High Chancellor of England, bearing date the fifteenth day of March, 
 Anno Domini, 1750, for the specific Performance and Execution of 
 the said Articles, and also in pursuance of certain other Articles of 
 agreement made the fourth day of July, Anno Domini, 1760, between 
 the Right Honorable Frederick Lord Baltimore, son and Heir of the 
 said Charles Lord Baltimore, and the Honorable the Proprietaries of 
 the said Province and Counties, and of one other Decree of the Lord 
 High Chancellor of England, hearing date the sixth day of March, 
 1762, for the specific performance of the said last mentioned Articles; 
 the several Lines mentioned and described in the said Articles, and 
 thereby finally agreed upon and settled by the said Parties, to be and 
 forever remain the Boundaries and Division Lines between the said 
 Provinces and Counties, have been run by Commissioners for that 
 Purpose appointed and authorized by the said respective Proprietors, 
 and marked out in exact conformity to the said Articles with visible 
 Stones, Pillars and other Land marks, as by the said Articles and 
 Decrees, and the Keturn of the said Commissioners under their Hands 
 and Seals, and an exact Plan or Map of the Lines, so as aforesaid by 
 them run and marked, may at large appear.^' 
 
 There was also recited the order of the king in Council 
 of Jan. 11, 1769, confirming the said agreements and 
 proceedings. 
 
 The then heir of Lord Baltimore was a minor, and his 
 guardians declared their incapacity to join in the ratifica- 
 tion of the line, and from a fear that the ex-parte action of 
 the Penns would provoke violence on the borders, the king 
 directed, by order of Aug. 26, 1774, that the above procla- 
 mation should be recalled. Thereupon Governor Penn, on 
 November 2d, issued directions to await His Majesty's fur- 
 ther pleasure therein, and at the same time sent a statement 
 to the Earl of Dartmouth, Secretary of State, of the benefits 
 which had already appeared in consequence of the first 
 proclamation. 
 
 Another order from the king, approving of the procla- 
 mation of the 15th of September, was received March 12, 
 1775, and was followed by a final proclamation from Gov- 
 enor Penn, April 8th, which appears to have ended the 
 matter. 
 
 KEVOLUTIONAET WAB. 
 
 We now come to what is generally considered the most 
 momentous period of our history. The selfish policy pur- 
 sued by Great Britain towards her colonies was more like 
 what might be expected towards a conquered nation than 
 that which marks the treatment of a child by a parent. 
 Whether by the act of 1750, which forbade the colonies to 
 
60 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 erect steel-furnaces and slitting-mills, the Stamp Act of 
 1765, or the subsequent tax-bills, the evident design was 
 to benefit the mother-country at the expense of the chil- 
 dren. It was the constant aim to make the colonies buy as 
 much and sell' as little as possible. 
 
 The merchants of the cities adopted non-importation res- 
 olutions in regard to the articles upon which a duty was 
 laid, and cargoes of tea destined for Philadelphia and New 
 York were sent back in the vessels which brought them. 
 The cargoes which reached Boston were emptied into .the 
 bay by a mob. This act aroused the anger of the British 
 government to such an extent that, among other vindictive 
 measures, it was decided in March, 1774, to close the port 
 of Boston. The people of the different colonies having, in 
 the case of the Stamp Act, co-operated for their mutual ben- 
 efit, were not wholly unprepared for this occasion. Meet- 
 ings were held in Philadelphia, from which emanated a 
 circular to the people of the several counties of the prov- 
 ince. This circular was addressed to Francis Richardson, 
 Elisha Price, and Henry Hayes, of Chester County, who 
 immediately issued the following call for a meeting of the 
 people of the county : 
 
 "To the Freeholders and others, inhabitants of the County of Ches- 
 ter, qualified by law to vote for Kepresentatives in General Assembly. 
 " Gentlemen : 
 
 *' The large, and very respectable committee for the City and County 
 of Philadelphia, have wrote to us, the subscribers, requesting that a 
 committee might be chosen for this county as soon as possible, to meet 
 the committee from the other Counties of this province, at the city of 
 Philadelphia, on the 15th day of this instant, to deliberate on matters of 
 the greatest weight and importance, not only to us, but to all America. 
 And we are now assured, that on the account of the Indian disturb- 
 ances, his Honour the Governor has found it necessary to call the 
 Assembly to meet, in their legislative capacity, on Monday the 28th 
 of this instant; and we also find, that it is not only the opinion and 
 request of the said committee for Philadelphia, but also the opinion 
 and desire of a number of respectable persons of this county, coin- 
 ciding with our own opinions, as lovers of civil and religious liberty, 
 that the committees of the several counties of this province, should 
 meet nt Philadelphia, on the said 15th of this instant, in order to 
 assist in framing instructions, and preparing such matters as may be 
 proper to recommend to our representatives, at their meeting the 
 Monday following. 
 
 . " We have therefore thought proper on mature deliberation, and by 
 the advice of a number of gentlemen of this county, to appoint Wed- 
 nesday the 13th instant, at one o'clock in the afternoon, as a proper 
 time for the inhabitants of this county to meet at the Court House in 
 Chester, to choose a number of our best and wisest men as a commit- 
 tee for this county, as shall be judged necessary to meet the other 
 committees, nt the time and place above mentioned, for the purpose 
 aforesaid, and for such other purposes, as may then be deemed useful 
 and necessary. And we sincerely hope, that the good people of this 
 county, will give their attendance on that day, and calmly and heartily 
 join wUh [us] in doing the business proposed, which we earnestly 
 wish and desire may answer the good proposed, and the good pur- 
 poses intended by it. 
 " Chester July 4th 1774." 
 
 The following is the record of the proceedings of the 
 meeting ; 
 
 " At a meeting of a very respectable number of the Freeholders 
 and others, inhabitants of the County of Chester at the court-house 
 on Wednesday the 13th of July, 1774, in consequence of public notice 
 for that purpose given, Francis Richardson Esq. Chairman. 
 
 " This Assembly, taking into their serious consideration, the present 
 critical and alarming situation of American aflairs, and the unhappy 
 differences now subsisting between Great Britain and her Colonies, do 
 agree and resolve as follow, viz. ; 
 
 " 1. That the inhabitants of this county do owe, and will pay all 
 due faith and allegiance to our lawful and rightful sovereign Lord 
 George the Third, king of 6. Britain, and the dominions thereunto 
 belonging. 
 
 " 2. That it is an absolute right, inherent in every English subject, 
 to have free use, enjoyment and disposal of all his property, either 
 by himself or represrntative, and that no other power on earth can 
 legally divest him of it. 
 
 " 3. That the act of Parliament lately passed for shutting up the 
 port of Boston is unconstitutional, oppressive to the inhabitants of 
 that town, in its consequences dangerous to the liberties of the British 
 colonies ; and that therefore, we consider our brethren at Boston as 
 suffering in the common cause of America. 
 
 "4. That the protection of the liberties of America is an in- 
 difpensable duty which we owe to ourselves, who enjoy them, to our 
 ancestors who transmitted them down, and to our posterity who will 
 claim them at our hands, as the best birthright and noblest inheritance 
 of mankind. 
 
 " 5. We do agree with the Committee of the City and County of 
 Philadelphia, that a Congress of Deputies from the said Colonies is 
 the most profitable and proper mode of procuring relief for our suffer- 
 ing brethren, obtaining redress; preserving our rights and liberties, 
 and establishing peace and mutual confidence between our Mother 
 country and her Colonies, on a constitutional foundation. 
 
 " 6. The inhabitants of this County ought and will cheerfully adopt, 
 adhere to, and assist in executing all and singular such peaceable and 
 constitutional measures, which may hereafter be agreed .upon and 
 determined by the said general Congress. 
 
 " 7. It is our opinion that it would conduce greatly to the restora- 
 tion of the liberties of America, should the Colonies enter into asolemn 
 agreement not to purchase any goods, wares or merchandize imported 
 from Great Britain, under such restrictions as be agreed upon by the 
 Congress. We, for our parts, sensible of the great advantages which 
 must arise from promoting economy and manufacturing among our- 
 selves, are determined to use as little foreign manufactures of what 
 kind or quality soever, as our necessities will permit until the several 
 acts of the British Parliament, injurious to American liberty, be 
 repealed. 
 
 " 8. That as our brethren at Boston are now suffering in the cause 
 of America, it is the duty of the inhabitants of this County, in com- 
 mon with the neighbouring Colonies, generously to contribute towards 
 their support; and therefore the Committee hereafter appointed, nre 
 requested immediately to open and set on foot a subscription for the 
 said sufferers, and the money arising therefrom to be laid out and ex- 
 pended as the said Committee, or a majority of them, shall judge best 
 to answer the benevolent intention. 
 
 "9. That the following persons, to wit : Francis Richardson, Elisha 
 Price, John Hart, Anthony Wayne, John Seller!!, Hugh Lloyd, William 
 Montgomery, Francis Johnston, William Parker, Kichard Riley, 
 Thomas Hockley, Robert Mendenhall, and John Fleming, or a majority 
 of them, be and they are hereby appointed a Committee for this 
 County to meet and correspond with the Committees of the several 
 Counties of this and the other Colonies, and to join in such measures 
 as to them shall appear necessary for the public good. 
 
 " Francis Johsston, Clk. Com,'' 
 
 Of this committee, Richardson, Price, Hart, Wayne. 
 Sellers, Lloyd, Johnston, and Riley met with the other 
 similar committees in conference at Philadelphia on July 
 15, 1774. 
 
 There had been some correspondence between the Phila- 
 delphia committee and influential persons in the several 
 counties of the province a month earlier, at which time it 
 was not expected that the Governor would convene the As- 
 sembly. Delegates from the several county committees 
 convened at Philadelphia, and engaged in the preparation 
 of a series of general resolutions to be laid before that 
 body, which met shortly afterwards. . The Assembly, acting 
 iti harmony with similar bodies in the other colonies, ap- 
 pointed deputies to the General Congress that convened at 
 Philadelphia on the 5th of September following. The 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 61 
 
 whole number of deputies was fifty-five, of whom eight were 
 from Pennsylvania, and of these, two — viz., Charles Hum- 
 phreys and John Morton — were from Chester County. 
 
 On the 20th day of December following we again find 
 "a very respectable number of the inhabitants of the 
 County of Chester convened at the Court-house, in the 
 borough of Chester," for the purpose of choosing a com- 
 mittee " to carry into execution the Association of the late 
 Continental Congress." The following persons were chosen, 
 viz.: Anthony Wayne, Francis Johnston, Richard Riley, 
 Evan Evans and James Moore, Esqs., Hugh Lloyd, Thomas 
 Hockley, David Cowpland, John Hart, Sketchley Morton, 
 Samuel Fairlamb, Isaac Eyre, John Crosby, Nicholas Diehl, 
 Jesse Bonsall, Aaron Oakford, Benjamin Brannan, John 
 Talbot, Joseph Brown, Samuel Price, John Crawford, John 
 Taylor, Lewis Gronow, Edward Humphreys, Henry Law- 
 rence, Richard Thomas, William Montgomery, Persifor 
 Frazer, Thomas Taylor, John Foulke, Robert Mendenhall, 
 Joseph Pennell, George Pierce, Nicholas Fairlamb, Samuel 
 Trimble, Charles Dilworth, John Hannunr, George Hoops, 
 Joel Bailey, John Gilliland, Joseph Bishop, Jr., John 
 Kerlin, Edward Jones, William Lewis, Patrick Anderson, 
 Joshua Evans, Thomas Hartman, Dr. Branson Van Leer, 
 William Evans, Joseph Cowan, Thomas Haslep, Patterson 
 Bell, Dr. Jonathan Morris, Andrew Mitchell, Thomas Buf- 
 fington, James Bennett, Joseph Musgrave, William Miller, 
 Richard Flower, Walter Finney, James Simpson, David 
 Wherry, James Evans, Thomas Bishop, William Edwards, 
 Jonathan Vernon, Jr., Lewis Davis, Sr., Joseph Gibbons, 
 Jr., and Tfiomas Evans, which committee were " to be and 
 continue from this time until one month after the rising of 
 the next Continental Congress, with full power to transact 
 such business, and enter into such associations as to them 
 shall appear expedient." 
 
 After the appointment of the above committee they pro- 
 ceeded to appoint a chairman and secretary, when Anthony 
 Wayne, Esq., was selected for the former, and Francis John- 
 ston, Esq., for the latter office. The committee then passed 
 the following resolves unanimously : 
 
 " iBt. That any twelve or more of the said Committee, meeting upon 
 due notice, be empowered to enter upon and transact all such busi- 
 ness, as shall come under their consideration; provided, the majority 
 agreeing shall not be less than twelve. 
 
 "2d. That the present unhappy situation of public afiairs in gen- 
 eral, and of this Province in particular, renders it highly necessary 
 that a Provincial Convention should be held as soon as possible; for 
 which purpose twelve persons shall be appointed, out of the said Com- 
 mittee as delegates to attend the said Convention, at such time and 
 place as shall be generally agreed on." 
 
 The committee then adjourned to meet at the house of 
 David Cowpland, in the borough of Chester, on the 9th of 
 January, 1775. 
 
 Agreeably to one of the resolves of the first meeting of 
 the people of Chester County, subscriptions were circulated 
 for the relief of the suffering people of Boston. The So- 
 ciety of Friends, acting in a meeting capacity, did not hesi- 
 tate to contribute to the same object. Chester Monthly 
 Meeting contributed seventy pounds "for the relief of 
 Necessitous inhabitants of Massachusetts Bay and Provinces 
 adjacent;" Darby Meeting paid thirty-three pounds and 
 fourteen shillings " for the relief of the poor and distressed 
 
 in New England ;" while Haverford Meeting responded to 
 the request of the meeting for sufferings " that Friends 
 should contribute liberally for the relief of Friends or others 
 (in the New England government) who are or may be re- 
 duced to indigent circumstances in this time of public 
 calamity," and in a short time had the satisfaction to receive 
 " an affecting account of the state of the poor of these 
 Provinces, and of the distribution of the donations sent 
 from hence." 
 
 In this connection it may be remarked that the period 
 under consideration was one of great tribulation with the 
 more staid members of the Society of Friends. Their tenets 
 imposed a condition of perfect neutrality, and this was gen- 
 erally adhered to ; but many, and among them men in high 
 repute for their intelligence, took an active part in opposing 
 the arbitrary measures of the mother-country. The effect 
 of allowing their members to participate in the commotions 
 of the times was foreseen, and the most kindly caution was 
 repeatedly administered by the visitation of committees. 
 
 The proposed Provincial Convention assembled at Phila- 
 delphia on the 23d of January, 1775, and continued its 
 sessions until the 28th. The following ten delegates from 
 Chester County appeared at the first meeting of the conven- 
 tion : Anthony Wayne, Esq., Hugh Lloyd, Richard Thomas, 
 Francis Johnston, Esq., Samuel Fairlamb, Lewis Davis, 
 William Montgomery, Joseph Musgrave, Joshua Evans, 
 and Persifor Frazer. The absentees were Thomas Hockley 
 and Thomas Taylor. 
 
 The proceedings of the convention were unanimous, and 
 the object of one of its first resolves was " to procure a 
 law prohibiting the future importation of slaves into the 
 province." 
 
 No record of a meeting of the Chester County committee 
 on the 9th of January, the day to which they adjourned, 
 has been found ; but they are again assembled on the 20th 
 of March, pursuant " to adjournment and public notice," 
 showing that an intervening meeting had been held. This 
 meeting was held at the house of Richard Cheyney, in East 
 Cain, when, on motion, it was " Oidered, that Mr. Hockley, 
 Mr. Johnston, Mr. Gronow, Mr. Lloyd, Mr. Frazer, Mr. 
 Moore, and Mr. Taylor, be and they are hereby appointed a 
 Committee to essay a draught of a petition to present to 
 the General Assembly of this Province, with regard to the 
 manumission of slaves, — especially relating to the freedom 
 of infants hereafter born of black women within this 
 Colony, — and do make report of the same to this Committee 
 at its next meeting." 
 
 On motion, " Ordered, that each member in this Com- 
 mittee will use his utmost diligence in collecting the several 
 sums of money subscribed for the use of Boston, and pay 
 the same into the hands of Anthony Wayne, Esq., Treas-. 
 urer, at the next meeting of the Committee." 
 
 The committee then adjourned to meet at the house of 
 David Cowpland, in the borough of Chester, on W^ednesday, 
 the 31st of May next. 
 
 The following extract from their proceedings shows that 
 the committee met at an earlier day than that to which they 
 
 adjourned : 
 
 "In Committee, Chester, May 22, 1776. 
 " Whereas it appears very necessary, in order to avert the evils and 
 calamities Whiuh threaten our devoted country, to embody ourselves 
 
62 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 and make all the military preparation in our powerj and it appears 
 absolutely impossible to carry this laudable design into execution, 
 without observing the greatest order, harmony and concord, not only 
 under the laws of civil government, but also while under arms and in 
 actual duty, — we therefore unanimously recommend the following As- 
 sociation, to be entered into by the good people of this County : 
 
 " We, the Subscribers do most solemnly resolve, promise and engage, 
 under the sacred ties of honor, virtue, and love to our country, that 
 we will use our utmost endeavours to learn the military exercise and 
 promote harmony and unanimity in our respective companies; that 
 we will strictly adhere to the rules of decency during duty; that we 
 will pay a due regard to our officers; that we will, when called upon, 
 support with our utmost abilities the civil magistrate in the execution 
 or the laws for the good of our country, and that we will at all times 
 be in readiness to defend the lives, liberties, and properties of our- 
 selves and fellow-countrymen against all attempts to deprive us of 
 them. 
 
 "Extract from the minutes. 
 
 " By order of the Committee, 
 
 " Fkaijc:s Johnston, Sec'y.'' 
 
 " Chester County, September 7, 1775. 
 " The Committee of Chester County are desired to meet at the sign 
 of the Turk's Head, in the township of Goshen, on Monday, the 25th 
 inst., at Ten O'clock, A. M., on business of consequence, at which 
 time and place the board of commissioners and assessors are requested 
 to attend. 
 
 " By "order of the Committee, 
 
 "Anthony Watne, Chairman." 
 " In Committee, Chester ConNTY, Sept. 25, 1775. 
 " Whereat some persons, evidently inimical to the liberty of Amer- 
 ica, have industriously propagated a report that the military asso- 
 ciators of this County, in conjunction with the military associators in 
 general, intend to overturn the Constitution, by declaring an Inde- 
 pendency, in the execution of which they are aided by this Committee 
 and the board of Commissioners and Assessors with the arms now 
 making for this County; and as such report could not originate but 
 among the woret of men for the worat of purposes, — This Committee 
 have therefore thought proper to declare, and they do hereby declare, 
 their abhorrence even of an idea so pernicious in its nature; as they 
 ardently wish for nothing more than a happy and speedy reconcilia- 
 tion, on constitutional principles, with that state from whom they de- 
 rive their origin. 
 
 " By order of the Committee, 
 
 " Anthony Wayne, Chairman.'' 
 
 The strong language of this disclaimer against any inten- 
 tion of favoring independence, and the desire expressed for 
 a reconciliation with the mother-country, sounds strange at 
 this day, yet there can be no doubt that up to this late 
 period it was the prevailing sentiment even among those 
 who were most strenuous in their opposition to the measures 
 of the home government. 
 
 After having provided for the election of a new committee 
 for the ensuing year by the people of the several townships 
 on the 2d of October, the committee adjourned to meet at 
 Chester on that day, but we have no record of the proceed- 
 ings of that meeting. Whether the complexion of the 
 committee was changed by the election is not known, but we 
 judge it was not, from the proceedings of the next meeting : 
 
 "Chester, Oct. 23d, 1775. 
 • '■ Pursuant to public notice given, the Committee met at the house of 
 David Cowpland, in the borough of Chester. On motion ordered, 
 that each member of this Committee do immediately make return to 
 the Chairman of the quantity of Powder which he already has or 
 may collect within bis district, together with the price and the name 
 of the owner thereof, that the same may be paid for. 
 
 " On motion resolved, that Anthony Wayne, Francis Johnston, and 
 Elisha Price, Esqrs., Mr. Richardson, Mr. Knowles, Mr. Lloyd, and 
 Mr. Brannan, be and they are hereby appointed a Committee of' Cor- 
 respondence for this County. 
 
 " By order of the Committee, 
 
 " Francis Johnston, Sec'y." 
 
 The second meeting of Congress was in May, 1775. At 
 the close of the first meeting of that body it was hoped 
 and believed by many that a second meeting would not be 
 necessary ; that the representations made to the home gov- 
 ernment by the representatives of all the colonies would 
 bring the desired relief. But this was a delusion, for be- 
 fore Congress met hostilities had actually begun. From 
 this time onward for seven long years war measures and 
 the events of the war engrossed public attention. Only 
 those of a local character will be noticed. 
 
 A Committee of Safety was appointed by the Assembly on 
 the 30th June, consisting of twenty-five members, of whom 
 Anthony Wayne, Benjamin Bartholomew, Francis John- 
 ston, and Richard Riley were from Chester County. This 
 committee was especially active in providing for the defense 
 of the province, and particularly for that of the city of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Each county was required to furnish a certain number of 
 firelocks, the quota for Chester County being six hundred. 
 These were manufactured by a man named Dunwicke, and 
 were ready to be proved by the 6th of October. Gunboats 
 were constructed, ammunition provided, companies, battal- 
 ions, and regiments were organized, and breastworks hastily 
 thrown up. These defenses were mostly in the neighbor- 
 hood of Fort Mifflin. In addition, two tiers of chevaux- 
 de-/rize were thrown across the main channel of the Dela- 
 ware, one opposite the upper part of Hog Island, near the 
 fort, and the other nearly opposite the Lazaretto. The fol- 
 lowing resolution, adopted by the committee on the 16th of 
 November, directs additional tiers to be sunk, but it does 
 not appear that any barrier to the navigation of the river 
 was placed so far down as Marcus Hook : 
 
 " Eeaolved, that one or more tiers of Chevaux-de-frize be sank 
 above those already sunk, near to Fort Island. 
 
 " That two tiers of Cheva'ix-de-frize be sunk for the further security 
 of this Province in the channel opposite or near to Marcus Hook." 
 
 In October there was a reorganization of the Committee 
 of Safety made by the Assembly. All the names from 
 Chester County contained in the first appointment are in- 
 cluded in this, with the addition of that of Nicholas Fair- 
 lamb, the whole number of members being increased to 
 thirty-two. 
 
 " In committee (of Chester County), September 25, 1775. This com- 
 mittee do recommend it to the Inhabitants of each Township within 
 this county, to meet at their usual place or places of holding Elections 
 in the same, on Wednesday, the 11th of October next, at 2 o'clock in 
 the afternoon, in order to cbuse one or more committee men, to repre- 
 sent them in a committee for the ensuing year ; and the committee so 
 chosen are desired to meet at the house of David Covpland, in the 
 Borough of Chester, on Monday the 23rd of said month, at ten o'clock, 
 A. M. By order, F. Johnston, Sec'y." 
 
 At a meeting of the Chester County committee, held on 
 the 26th of December (1775), regulations were enacted to 
 secure a perfect organization of the associators, agreeably 
 to a vote of the Assembly. At the same meeting it was 
 also 
 
 " lieeolved, that Anthony Wayne, James Moore, Francis Johntson, 
 Esq., D' Samuel Kenedy, Caleb Davis, William Montgomery, Persi- 
 for Frazer, and Richard Thomas, Gentlemen, or any five or more of 
 them, be appointed, and they are hereby appointed, to represent this 
 county, (if occasion bo,) in Provincial Convention for the ensuing 
 year." 
 
RESIDENCE OP -WILLIAM T. PAINTER, BrRMINOHAM. 
 
 "GKEEN BANK." 
 RBSIDBNCE OP CHAKLES PAIST, EASTTOWN. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 63 
 
 The Comaiittee of Safety held its sessions almost daily in 
 Philadelphia. Their duties were arduous in the extreme. 
 It is indeed difficult to comprehend how a body of men 
 could control and direct such an amount of business, in all 
 its details, as was brought under their notice. Some idea 
 may be gained in respect to their doings by a detail of 
 such of their transactions as relate more particularly to this 
 county or its vicinity. 
 
 Four battalions of Continental troops were ordered by 
 Congress to be raised in Pennsylvania. At the request of 
 that body, the committee recommended proper persons for 
 officers. On the 2d of January, 1776, they recommended 
 to the Congress the appointment of Anthony Wayne, of 
 Chester County, as colonel of the Fourth Pennsylvania Bat- 
 talion ; Francis Johnston, of Chester County, as lieuten- 
 ant-colonel ; and Nicholas Hausecker, of Lancaster County, 
 as major of the same battalion ; which accordingly took 
 place.* 
 
 On the 5th of January they selected for captains for the 
 four battalions John Beatty, Thomas Craig, William But- 
 ler, John Miller, William West, John Brisban, Samuel 
 Benizet, Persifor Frazer, Thomas Robinson, Rudolph Breen- 
 ner, Thomas Byles, John Reese, John Spohn, Nathaniel 
 Vansant, James Moore, John Lacey, Peter Scull, Caleb 
 North, Christopher Stuart, Alexander Graydon, Thomas 
 Church, Samuel Watson, John Hulings, Frederick Vernon, 
 David Lenox, Walter Stewart, Henry Allice, James Taylor, 
 Peter Deeken, Joseph Hublcy, Matthew Duncan."!" 
 
 On the 17th of January the committee resolved, 
 
 " That Col. Wayne-, Col. Johnson, M' Bartholomew & M' Reiley, 
 be a committee to examine the Firelocks, Cartridge boxes, Knapsacks 
 Ac. as ordered by the Assembly to be provided by Chester County 
 
 The two tiers of chevaux-de-frize that had already been 
 laid were not regarded as sufficient. Others were con- 
 structed at Gloucester, and on the 13th of March it was 
 resolved by the committee " that John Cobourn be em- 
 ployed to take the Chevaux-de-Frize, when launched at 
 Gloucester, and sink them in their proper places near Fort 
 Island, and that he be authorized to procure anything for 
 the purpose, hire persons under him on the best and 
 cheapest terms, and that he draw on this board for the 
 expense." 
 
 Saltpetre for the manufacture of gunpowder was the 
 great desideratum of the times, and great apprehensions were 
 entertained in regard to the possibility of obtaining a suf- 
 ficient supply for a successful defense of the province. 
 The following advertisement shows the extraordinary means 
 adopted to insure a supply of this necessary article : 
 
 " To the Inhabitants of the Count)/ o/. Chester : 
 " Pursuant to the recommendation of the Committee of Safety for 
 the Province of Pennsylvania, to the Committee for Inspection for 
 the County of Chester, Benjamin Brannan, Walter Finney, and John 
 Beaton were appointed to attend the saltpetre manufactory in the 
 City of Philadelphia, in order to perfect themselves in said art : We 
 having complied therewith do hereby give notice to all those whose 
 public virtue and patriotic spirit would excite them to such a valua- 
 
 * Wayne and Johnston continued to sustain the noble cause; but 
 Hausecker became disgusted with the service, and went over to the 
 enemy soon after the battle of Trenton. 
 
 t Col. Rec, X. p. 447. 
 
 ble and necessary undertaking at this crisis of time; that attendance 
 will be given at the house of Benjamin Brannan in Darby, on the 23rd 
 and 24th of February; at the house of Mr. Cochran in East Fallow- 
 field on the 2rth and 28th ; at the house of Mrs. Whitby [Withy] in 
 the borough of Chester, on the lat and second of March; at the house 
 of Mr. Hood in Oxford, on the 4th and 5th; at th^ house of Mr. Mil- 
 ler in Birmingham on the 6th and 7th : at the house of Mr. Powell in 
 Newtown on the 8th and 9th ; at the house of Mr. Bell in Kennet on 
 the 12th and 13th, and at the house of Walter Finney in New Lon- 
 don on the 14th and 15tb of said month, in order to teach and instruct 
 all persons who may please to apply at the times and places above 
 mentioned. 
 
 "Benjamin Brannan, 
 "Walter Finney." 
 " N. B. — The times and places in the North West district are not 
 yet appointed." 
 
 Feb. 7, 1776, Thomas Heimberger, a powder-maker, 
 engaged to erect a mill in Chester County, about thirty- 
 three miles from Philadelphia, a few miles from Yellow 
 Springs, on a never-failing stream, provided the commit- 
 tee advanced him one hundred and fifty pounds and kept 
 him one year employed. 
 
 Feb. 26th, John Beaton advertises that he will be at the 
 house of William McFall, in Charlestown, Feb. 27th and 
 28th ; at the house of Mr Culbertson, at the Yellow Springs, 
 March 4th and 5th ; and at the house of Mr. Brumback, of 
 Vincent, March 11th and 12th, to instruct in making salt- 
 petre. 
 
 Three other appointments were subsequently made by 
 John Beaton. 
 
 About the 4th of March the Chester County committee 
 petitioned the Assembly for a change in the articles of the 
 military associations. The principal change asked for 
 was that the associators be furnished with arms. The 
 petition is signed by Anthony Wayne as chairman of the 
 committee. 
 
 On the 29th of March, upon application of Col. Wayne, 
 an order was drawn by the Committee of Safety in favor of 
 the Chester County committee for five hundred pounds, for 
 purchasing arms on account of Congress. 
 
 Under the apprehension of an attack being made by 
 water, every precaution was used to guard against it. 
 Neither pilots nor pilot-boats were allowed to pass the che- 
 vaux-de-frize, and the persons specially appointed to conduct 
 vessels through the opening in that obstruction were not 
 permitted to go below Chester. 
 
 Provincial troops were rapidly recruited and organized 
 along the river, so rapidly that, upon a representation made 
 by Col. Miles " that there is not a sufficient number of 
 houses in or about the towns of Chester and Marcus Hook 
 to quarter the troops now raising for the defense of this 
 Province," the Committee of Safety, on the 13th of April, 
 resolved, " That Col. Miles do procure, for the use of the 
 said troops, one hundred good tents on the most reasonable 
 terms in his power." 
 
 On the 17th of April, upon the application of Caleb 
 Davis, an order for one thousand five hundred pounds was 
 drawn by the Committee of Safety in favor of the commis- 
 sioners and assessors of Chester County, " for the payment 
 of firelocks, etc., made in that county for the use of the 
 Province." 
 
 An application was inade to the Committee of Safety by 
 the Chester County committee for 850 pounds of powder, 
 
64 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 in addition to the 400 pounds on hand, and lead enough 
 for the whole, and also for 1500 flints, to he distributed 
 among the associators, "in order to supply them with 
 twenty-three rounds per man." This supply was to be 
 sent to the care of Nicholas Fairlamb. 
 
 The committee had judged rightly of the danger to be 
 apprehended from armed vessels coming up the Delaware. 
 " In consequence of intelligence received on the 29th of 
 April, that the Roebuck Man-of-war is aground upon Bran- 
 dywine [shoals], Capt. Reed was ordered with the provin- 
 cial Ship Montgomery, to proceed down the river and Bay, 
 and join the Commodore who is already on his way, with 
 the armed Boats, in order to take or destroy her . . ." 
 
 The provincials had quite a fleet of armed boats and 
 other craft on the river at this time. A list, with the num- 
 ber of men on each, made up to the 1st of May is as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 Men. 
 
 The Washington 60 
 
 " Franklin 38 
 
 " Congress 37 
 
 " Effingham 22 
 
 " Burke 24 
 
 " Camden 39 
 
 " Chatham 24 
 
 " Experiment 31 
 
 265 
 
 Men. 
 
 The Bull-Dog 39 
 
 " Ranger 37 
 
 " Warren 22 
 
 " Dickenson 35 
 
 " Hancock 48 
 
 Floating Battery 116 
 
 Ship Montgomery 117 
 
 414 
 265 
 
 679 
 
 The " Roebuck" was a vessel of forty-four guns. She suc- 
 ceeded in getting from her perilous situation without being 
 captured. There was also another British war-vessel in the 
 bay, the "Liverpool," of twenty-eight guns, which likewise 
 escaped ; but the presence of the provincial fleet prevented 
 them from ascending higher up the river than the neigh- 
 borhood of Wilmington. Here on the 8th of May both 
 vessels were attacked by the provincial fleet under the com- 
 mand of Capt. Reed. Col. Miles, with one hundred rifle- 
 men, had repaired to that vicinity, with the view of ren- 
 dering any assistance in his power, and witnessed the en- 
 gagement. At 4 o'clock on that day he writes from the 
 river-bank near Wilmington to the Committee of Safety : 
 
 ** Our hosts and the two men-of- war have been engaged for two 
 hours at long shot. I believe there is no damage done on either side, 
 tho' I suppose three or four hundred shots have passed between them. 
 . . . Our boats fire much better than the other vessels, but in my 
 opiniou engage at too great a distance. . . ." 
 
 There was disappointment expressed at the failure of the 
 gondolas or armed boats to capture or destroy the "Roe- 
 buck," and those in charge of the expedition, to screen them- 
 selves from censure, attributed their want of success to a de- 
 ficiency of supplies, particularly of ammunition, thus casting 
 the blame on the Committee of Safety. This body very 
 promptly asked the Assembly '• to promote such an inquiry 
 as shall satisfy the public where the blame & misconduct is 
 ju.stly chargeable." Perhaps an item in the instructions 
 sent by the committee to Capt. Reed — " to be careful in 
 exposing any of the Boats to capture or destruction" — had 
 as much to do in causing the iailure of the expedition as 
 the want of supplies. 
 
 From the following orders, adopted by the committee on 
 the 7th of May, it may be inferred that a considerable land 
 force was at this time stationed at Chester : 
 
 "Robert Towers was directed to deliver to Colo. Samuel Miles, for 
 the use of the Provincial troops under his command, 1000 pounds of 
 gunpowder and 2000 pounds of Lead, or as great a part thereof as is 
 in store." 
 
 At the same time twenty thousand cartridges for mus- 
 kets, " for the use of the Associators of Chester County," 
 were directed to be conveyed there, "agreeably to Col. 
 Miles' direction." And on the next day the commissary 
 was directed " to send down to Chester, for the use of the 
 Provincial troops under Col. Miles, Sixty Firelpcks.'' These 
 guns were sent under the protection of a guard. 
 
 After procuring a supply of saltpetre, the next great; 
 necessity of the country was to have it manufactured into 
 powder. There was no powder-mill in the province before 
 the Revolution broke out. 
 
 June 3, 1776. John Ladd Howell reports to Commit- 
 tee of Safety respecting powder-works : 
 
 "The Dimensions of the Powder Mill erecting by Mess" Cowperth- 
 waite & Biddle on French Creek, about four miles above Moore Hall, 
 102 ft. by 31 ft., 8 Inch'. 
 
 " Two Water Wheels in the Centre of the House, 18 ft. Diamet', 
 four ft. Head and 9 ft. Fall, each Wheel to work three Shafts 32i ft. 
 Length, Six Mortar Trees 28 ft. Length, 12 Mortars, each Tree 22 
 Inches Length, 12 do Br'dth, 17 do. D'pth; Two Stampers, each Mor- 
 tar 4 Inches Square & 12 ft. Length. 
 
 " The Graining Mill, 37i by 27i ft., built of Stone not yet cover'd 
 in. Water Wheel, lOi ft. Diameter, to work seventy-two Stampers 
 for preparing Sulphur, 12 Selves for Graining Powder, and one Bolt- 
 ing Cloth. 
 
 " One Salt Petre House for refining ready to set twelve Kettles, each 
 Kettle capable of refining 150 w'. Four Drying Houses, 27 ft. by 21 
 ft. each. One end of the Powder Mill being near finished, can make 
 thirty Hundred Powder ^ Week, or perhaps two Tons; will be ready 
 to work about the 25th Inst., the very extraordinary Fresh on the 
 26th May having fill'd the race, carried away the Dam, (as it has 
 most in that part of the country) besides other Damage iu the Loss 
 of Boards, Scantling, Aca., has put them back at least Two Weeks. 
 
 " Thomas Heinberger's Powder Mill on a Creek which emptys into 
 French Creek, about five miles above the aforesaid Mill A cwo miles 
 from Young's Forge, 36 ft. by 30 ft. Water Wheel, 16 ft. Diameter 
 over Shot. 
 
 " Two Shafts, 22 ft. Length, to work 18 Stampers, each 9 ft. Long, 
 4J Inches Square. Two Mortar Trees, 20 ft. Long, 9 Mortars, each of 
 12 Inches by 9, &, 16 Inches Depth. 
 
 "One Drying House, 18 ft. by 20 ft., the Mill not floor'd nor the 
 Drying House Plaster'd, expects to begin Work in Ten Days. His 
 Dwelling House not being yet in hand I cannot think he will begin 
 so soon : he has received one Ton of Salt Petre but no Sulphur; has 
 not began to build a refining House, what Salt Petre he has rec* he 
 refines in this City ; he expects to make half a Ton of Powder ^ 
 Week." 
 
 A mill on Crum Creek, belonging to Dr. Robert Harris, 
 had begun to work about May 23d, and still another small 
 mill was in the course of erection on Swamp Creek, in 
 Bucks County. 
 
 Lead was also in great requisition — so much so, that all 
 the leaden clock weights, draught weights, etc., were re- 
 quired to be given up for military purposes. Six pence per 
 pound was allowed for the lead thus taken. 
 
 June, 1776. Estimate of the number of fire-arms fit for 
 service in Chester County : 
 
 1st Battalion, Col. James Moore, 380. 
 2d Battalion, Ool. Thomas Hookley, 400. 
 3d Battalion, Col. Hugh Lloyd, 300. 
 4th Battalion, Ool. Wm. Montgomery, 450. 
 5th Battalion, Col. Richard Thomas, 300. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 65 
 
 June 22. By order of the Committee of Safety, Robert 
 Towers, commissary, was directed to deliver the following 
 quantities of ammunition to the colonels of the different 
 battalions ot associators in Chester County : 
 
 To Col. James Moore 2300 cartridges for provincial muskets; 2070 
 do, sorted, for the other different boves of firelocks, 1500 flints. 
 
 To Col. Thomas Hockley 2300 of first kind, 2300 of second, and 
 1600 flints. 
 
 To Col. Hugh Lloyd, 1840 of first, 1610 of second, and 1200 flints. 
 
 To Col. Wm. Montgomery, 2760 of first, 2415 of second, and 1800 
 flints. 
 
 To Col. Richard Thomas, 1840 of first, 1610 of second, and 1200 
 flints. 
 
 And to each of the said colonels the same proportion of loose pow- 
 der and lead equal to the quantity of cartridges.'*" 
 
 In Congress, Friday, ."Sth July, 1776 : 
 
 " Reaoli-ed, That copies of the Declaration be sent to the several 
 Assemblies, Conventions, and Councils of Safety, and to the several 
 commanding officers of the Continental Troops, that it be proclaimed 
 in each of the United States, and at the Head of the Army." 
 
 It now became known that New York, and not Phila- 
 delphia, was to be attacked, and, in consequence, on the 2d 
 af July, Colonel Miles was requested to march his battal- 
 ions immediately to Philadelphia. Letters were at the 
 same time dispatched by the committee " to the Colonels 
 of the different Battalions of the Counties of Pliiladelphia, 
 Bucks, Chester & Lancaster, requesting they would hold 
 themselves in readiness to march at an hour's warning, with 
 their battalions to the city.'' 
 
 The military organizations in Pennsylvania, known as 
 Associators, were constituted into fifty-three battalions. 
 These assembled, by representatives, in convention at Lan- 
 caster on the 4th of July, — the day independence was de- 
 clared, — " to choose two Brigadier-Generals to command the 
 Battalions and forces of Pennsylvania." Daniel Rober- 
 deau and James Ewing were elected. 
 
 The delegates to this convention from Chester County 
 were Major Culbertson, Colonel Montgomery, Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Gibson ; Captains Wallace, Scot, Gardiner ; Pri- 
 vates Cunningham, Boyd, Denny, Culbertson, and Fulton. 
 
 July 12. Robert Smith wrote to President Wharton : 
 
 " Sir, I am under the necessity of applying to you, by Col. Chey- 
 ney, for money to enable me to fill the 1st class of Chester county 
 Militia. The class has been long since duly ordered to March. Not- 
 withstanding repeated orders, there are but about 320 arrived at 
 Chester, — 200 of which are substitutes. This account I have received 
 from Col. John Hannum, the commanding officer of that station : His 
 pressing request to fill the 1st class, with your orders, occasions me 
 thus to intrude on your patience. The class when filled will consist 
 of near 700 men. Two thousand pounds are necessary for the 
 present." 
 
 July 15, 1776. Abraham Marshall asks leave to resign 
 his commission as captain of a company in the musket 
 battalion, which is granted, and Lieutenant Joseph Mc- 
 Clellan, of the same battalion, is appointed in his stead. 
 
 This musket battalion was under the command of Col- 
 onel Samuel John Atlee, of Lancaster, and contained, on 
 July 1st, the following companies and number of men : 
 Patrick Anderson's, 56 ; Peter Z. Loyd's, 61 ; Francis 
 Muncy's, 52 ; Abraham Marshall's, 44 ; Abraham De- 
 huff's, 64 ; Thomas Herbert's, 57 ; John Nice's, 55 ; Joseph 
 Howell's, 55 ; total, 444. 
 
 »Col. Rec.,x. 613., 
 
 This battalion, with other troops from Chester County, 
 were hurried off to take part in the campaign around New 
 York. Their condition will appear from a letter written 
 by Colonel Atlee to the Committee of Safety, dated at 
 Perth Amboy, August 2d, in which he says that numbers 
 of them were without shirts, breeches, or stockings. An 
 appropriation of two hundred and fifty pounds was made 
 on the 7th to supply them with clothing. On the 11th he 
 wrote again, saying his battalion would marcli that after- 
 noon to join General Washington, but in a most disgrace- 
 ful situation. 
 
 From the want of muster-rolls of this period, we are un- 
 able to give the names of the rank and file of Chester 
 County troops in the Revolution, except in a few instances. 
 
 From Captain William McDowell, of Upper Oxford, we 
 have received " The Horse Company's Ace" in full, Sept. 
 8, 1776." " The United States of Nortii Amorija, D'. to 
 Cap'. Jas. McDowell's Company of militia of the 4ih 
 Battalion of Chester County, Commanded by Col. Mont- 
 gomery : July 12"', 1776 to Sept. 14 (which will include 
 6 days for returning home, 125 miles)." 
 
 Captain. — Jas. McDowell. 
 Lieiitenanta. — Jas. Turner, David Hayes. 
 Ensign. — Abraham Smith. 
 
 Sergeants. — Charles Ramsey, John Wallace, Ezekiel Hopkins, John 
 Arnell. 
 
 Drummer. — Neal Crossin. 
 
 Privates, 
 
 David Watt. 
 Andrew Lowry. 
 Arthur Andrew. 
 Alexander Walker. 
 David Jackson. 
 George Ramsey. 
 Henry Ewing, senior. 
 Henry Ewing, junior. 
 Henry Hagan. 
 John Walker. 
 John Patton. 
 John Simmerville. 
 Jas. Andrew. 
 John M°CaIlister. 
 Joseph M^Callister. 
 Joseph Smith, junior. 
 Isaac McCollough. 
 John Robinson. 
 William Ewing. 
 Jas. Wilson. 
 John Buntin. 
 Jas. Freeborn. 
 Jas. Auld. 
 Jas. Donanghey. 
 
 Natha> Walker. 
 Rob' Henderson. 
 Rob' Auld. 
 Robt. Hogg. 
 Solomon Coventry. 
 Thomas Mease. 
 Will" Edmiston. 
 William Law. 
 Rob' Smith. 
 Willm Carlisle. 
 Will"» Wallace. 
 Joseph Murdach 
 (July 24"'). 
 David Edmiston. 
 Jas. Ewing. 
 John M°Calmont. 
 Rob' Maxfield. 
 Joseph Smith, senior. 
 Will" Luckey. 
 Rob' Buntin. 
 Patrick MoCoUough. 
 John Rodgers. 
 John Bealy. 
 
 Three battalions, including that of Colonel Atlee, were 
 formed into a regiment, under command of Colonel Sam- 
 uel Miles, and were stationed, in arranging the lines for the 
 battle of Long Island, at Flatbush. In the disastrous en- 
 gagement which ensued on the 27th of August, they occu- 
 pied an apple-orchard upon the front, and suffered severely. 
 Several of Anderson's company were killed, one sergeant 
 and nine privates were missing, and he himself only escaped 
 at the last moment through the timely assistance of a friend. 
 David Parry, one of his neighbors and intimate associates, 
 was killed at his side ; and it is said that this loss so en- 
 raged him that it was with difiBculty he could be withdrawn 
 from the field. Colonels Miles and Atlee were captured, 
 
66 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Caleb Parry was killed, and the com- 
 mand of the regiment devolved upon Colonel Dan Broad- 
 head, of the Second Battalion. 
 
 Colonel Montgomery's battalion was part of what was 
 known as the " Flying Camp." Colonel Thomas' battal- 
 ion was also among the troops sent to New York, but it is 
 said that he was at home looking up some deserters at the 
 time his command was captured. 
 
 The following extracts from a letter dated at Kingsbridge, 
 on the 22d of September, addressed by Captain Patrick 
 Anderson, of Chester County, to Dr. Franklin, suflSciently 
 attests the shattered condition of Colonel Atlee's battalion 
 of musketry after the battle of Long Island : 
 
 " Immediately after our defeat on Long Island, the command of the 
 Musquetry Battallion devolved upon me. I found the number of men 
 remaining Bt for duty to be about 200, but most of their baggage k 
 some even of their arms and accoutrements Lost, and having no field 
 officers left, applycd to Lt. Col. Broadhead for his advice and assis- 
 tance; soon after he informed me the General ordered him to annex 
 our Battalion to the Eifle Keg', which I at that time complyed with 
 in expectation of further instructions from the Convention or Council 
 of Safety, as Col. Broadhead wrote you concerning i't. Want of 
 necessaries sowered the men's minds. Deficiencys in their stipulated 
 rations hath increased it, & neglect of punctual pay', of their pay 
 hath caused their meeting and Desert in great numbers, with arms 
 &c. So that there is now only scarce Eighty three remaining & they 
 still think if they are taken prisoners, they will not be exchanged, 
 while any prisoners from the Continental army is in the enemy's 
 hands." 
 
 On the 1st of August there had been three hundred and 
 ninety-seven men in this battalion under pay. 
 
 General Washington was obliged to retreat across New 
 Jersey, and was closely followed by the British army. The 
 " Roebuck" was again in the bay. Every effort was now made 
 for the defense of Philadelphia, the situation of which had 
 become imminently perilous. Troops were mustered into 
 service, defenses were erected, munitions of war were pro- 
 vided, and army .supplies were collected from every availa- 
 ble quarter. Chester County contributed her full share 
 towards providing for this emergency. 
 
 " Pkiladeljyhia , August 27, 1776. The Women of Chester county, 
 Penna. Since the departure of the able-bodied men from the forks 
 of Brandywine, in Chester county, on the service of their country, 
 the patriotic young women, to prevent the evil that would follow the 
 neglect of pulting in the fall crop in season, have joined the ploughs, 
 and are preparing the fallows for the seed; and should their fathers, 
 brothers, and lovers be detained abroad in defense of the liberties of 
 these States, they are determined to put in the crops themselves, — a 
 very laudable example, and highly worthy of imitation." — New Eng- 
 land Courant, Sept, 5, 1776. 
 
 September 28, 1776. Mr. Nesbit was directed to pay 
 Colonel Richard Thomas for repairing arms and nursing 
 sick soldiers. 
 
 From a few of the minutes and «resolves of the Council 
 of Safety, relating more particularly to Chester County, a 
 good idea may be formed of all the defensive and other 
 measures adopted at this time. 
 
 On the 4th of October it was resolved " that Mr. Wil- 
 liam Evans be desired to purchase all the coarse cloths, 
 blankets, and stockings in Chester County." 
 
 October 14, 1776. " A complaint being made by Cap- 
 tain Sharp Delaney, that a certain John Brigs, of Willets- 
 town [Willistown ?], Chester County, had insulted his com- 
 pany of Militia returning to Town from exercise, and he 
 
 appearing before the Council, and being charged with mak- 
 ing use of disrespectful words against the Liberties of 
 America, and not denying the same, was committed to the 
 State Prison." 
 
 November 14th. " Intelligence was received by express 
 that several hundred transports had sailed from New York, 
 & steered their course to the southward & expected to be 
 intended for this city ; whereupon the Council wrote a cir- 
 cular letter to the commanding ofiScers of the Battalions of 
 Militia, earnestly requesting them to march their respec- 
 tive Battalions to this city immediately." 
 
 " Ordered, That the owners of cattle and other stock near the river 
 side make the necesary preparations for removing the same, at least 
 five miles from the river, on the shortest notice, as it is Probable that 
 this board may be under the disagreeable necessity of giving the most 
 preremtory orders for their removal, and to see that the same be 
 punctuallyand suddenly complied with." 
 
 November 23d, "Resolved, That the salt now in the possession of 
 the Council of Safety, be immediately sent to the Committee of the 
 several counties in the following proportions, to wit: . . ." The 
 share of -Chester County was eighty bushels. "The Committees are 
 to sell it to the people at the rate of lbs. per bushel, and in no greater 
 quantity than half a bushel to anyone family; they are to makeas 
 equal distribution as they can, according to the necessities of the 
 people, for which purpose they are to require a declaration of what 
 quantity they are possessed of more than their just proportion of this 
 necessary article, at a time of such very great scarcity of it." 
 
 December 4th. " An order was drawn on Mr. Nesbit in 
 favour of Dr. Robert Harris, for £58, for making powder 
 for Congress, to be charged to his Acco't." 
 
 " Mr. Towers was directed to deliver Dr. Robert Harris 
 one ton of Salt Petre, & Sulphur in proportion, to make 
 into Gun powder." 
 
 " Mr. Nesbit to pay Jno. Morton £3:6:0, for wharf- 
 age of the Floating Battery Arnold, in March last." 
 
 " Resulted, That Thomas Marie be employed to fix the Boom to the 
 Piers at Fort Island, and to be stationed there to have the care of it, 
 to receive orders, and to be subject to the commanding officer at that 
 station, and he is to employ a sufficient number of hands, and do this 
 business without any delay." 
 
 Dr. Thomas Bond proposed " instituting Hospitals for 
 the sick in Darby, Chester, Marcus Hook, Wilmington & 
 New Castle." " I think," he says, " the water carriage from 
 Trenton to those places would save much carting, and this 
 plan much better than one proposed of sending the sick to 
 East Town [Easton], Bethlehem, Nazareth, Reading, &c." 
 
 The successful attack made by GenerarWashington, on 
 the night of the 25th December, on a body of Hessians 
 encamped at Trenton, and the capture of a large number 
 of them, with a. great number of guns and military stores, 
 at once turned the tide of events at this period in favor 
 of the American cause, and relieved our people from any 
 immediate apprehension of the presence of the enemy. 
 
 During the year 1776 sixty cannon for the use of the 
 army, of twelve- and eighteen-pound calibre, were cast at 
 Warwick Furnace. 
 
 January 7, 1777. Colonel Francis Johnston, of Ches- 
 ter County, complained to the Council of Safety of being 
 overslaughed, by officers junior to himself being promoted 
 over him. 
 
 March 12th. Officers of the Fifth Pennsylvania regi- 
 ment: Colonel, Francis Johnston; Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 Pcrsifor Frazer ; Major, Thomas Robinson. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 67 
 
 April 3d. The Board of War made a requisition for 
 wagons upon Colonel Caleb Davis, Chester County ; upon 
 Major Evans, near the Yellow Springs; Colonel William 
 Dewees, at Valley Forge; and Isaac Webb, Milltown 
 (Downingtown). 
 
 "French Creek, March 10, 1777. 
 
 " Sir :— I am. Sorry to inform you of the unhappy Explotion of 
 Blowing up the Continel Powder Mill this Morning About 10 A 
 o'clock. Which Wee are very Supspities has bin Don by Mr. Peck 
 or his Men, as they have yoused Several odd Expressions, and thay 
 had Gon Sum Distants from it at the Time it Hapned and Kunn to 
 the next neighbor's house & Did not Come back till Wee Sent out A 
 Gard for them. Mr. Peek Seem to Say at first, that all his Men where 
 killed; Secondly, he Said that he had Seen the Men Going to the 
 Graining house; that A Sum other Resons Give me Som Reson to 
 think have Sum knowledg of it. The first Day of this instant, Col. 
 Peter Grub Was at the Powder Mill, Somewhat in Drink ; he Damned 
 the Powder Mill, and told Col. Dewese, Let us BIov it to hell. Which 
 I thought Was a very odd Exprestion when Col. Dewesse told Me : & 
 Several others heard him use that Exprestion; he and Mr. Peck 
 Seemed verry Great, & he Lodged With Mr. Peck tbaWknight. Wee 
 have Got the Men & Mr. Peck under Gard, till firther orders from 
 the Counsyl. So I remain, 
 
 "Your Friend & Humble Servant, 
 
 " Peter De Haves. 
 " To Col. John Bull, or The Hon^e Council of Safety, Philadelphia. 
 " P favour Capt Bodly." 
 
 "Phila., Feby. 18, 1777. 
 
 "Wanted immediately a number of hands who understand any of 
 the branches of the gunsmith's business. Stockers in particular will 
 meet with good encouragement by applying to Peter De Haven, at 
 the public manufactory, at French Creek, or James Carter, in Third 
 Street, near Arch Street."* 
 
 Though relieved from the apprehension of an immediate 
 attack on Philadelphia, the Council of Safety did not slacken 
 their efforts in providing for the defense of that city. Early 
 in January an order was issued to county committees of the 
 nine counties nearest the city to furnish thirty-eight thou- 
 sand bushels of horse-feed for the army. The apportion- 
 ment of Chester County was four thousand bushels. 
 
 The suspicion that Gen. Howe intended to attack Phil- 
 adelphia by water was confirmed by the arrest of one James 
 Molesworth, who had been sent on from New York to se- 
 cure pilots to conduct the British fleet up the Delaware. 
 Subsequent movements of Howe rendered it difficult to de- 
 cide whether he would carry out this intention, and made it 
 necessary to embrace a wider scope in providing for the de- 
 fense of the city. 
 
 On the 25th of April, at the request of Congress, a call 
 was made for three thousand railitia, one-half of whom were 
 to be encamped at or near Chester. Each soldier was to be 
 provided with a blanket; but, if blankets cannot be pur- 
 chased, "they must be impressed." At this time the num- 
 ber of men returned in Chester County capable of bearing 
 arms was five thousand. 
 
 It was required of the committees of the counties of 
 Philadelphia, Chester, and Bucks " to take an inventory of 
 all the flour, wheat, Kye & Indian Corn, Oats, Beef, Pork, 
 Horses, Neat Cattle, Sheep, Hogs, &c., also wagons, carts, 
 &c., in said Counties." The ostensible object of this in- 
 ventory was to have the articles removed in case of any 
 sudden alarm, but it is probable that a desire to know what 
 amount of provisions and means of transportation could be 
 
 * Evening Post. 
 
 made available for our army was at the bottom of this 
 enumeration. 
 
 Upon the application of General Schuyler, of the Conti- 
 nental army, an order was issued by the Board of War for 
 the collection of four thousand blankets in Pennsylvania for 
 the use of the Continental troops. These blankets were to be 
 collected from the inhabitants " in such quantities as is pro- 
 portionate to the number they have in the family, and the 
 stock of blankets they may be possessed of; for which 
 blankets they shall be paid the full value, according to an 
 appraisement to be made of them." The proportion to be 
 furnished by Chester County was five hundred. 
 
 Early in June General Howe, commander of the British 
 forces at New York, showed a disposition to advance by 
 land across New Jersey, and to take possession of Philadel- 
 phia. On the 14th of that month Le actually made an 
 advance by two columns, which led General Washington to 
 believe that this was his real intention. This information 
 being communicated to Congress the same day, that body 
 
 " Ordered, That the 2nd Class of the Militia of the County of Phil- 
 adelphia, GheHter, Bucks, Lancaster, York, Cumberland, Berks, k 
 Northampton be ordered to march to the places to which the first class 
 of the said counties respectively are ordered, and that the third class 
 be got in readiness to march, and also that the 1st and second classes 
 of the City Militia, be ordered to march to Bristol, & the .Srd Class 
 hold themselves in readiness to march at the shortest notice." 
 
 This order was promptly responded to by the Supreme 
 Executive Council of the State, who issued a circular letter 
 to the lieutenants of the counties named " to forward the 
 first Class of Militia immediately, and to hold the second 
 class in readiness to march at the shortest notice." Forty 
 wagons were also ordered to be sent from Chester County, 
 thirty from Philadelphia, and thirty from Berks. 
 
 But it so turned out that the marching of Howe was in- 
 tended to draw General Washington from the strong posi- 
 tion he then occupied, and in that event to give him battle, 
 which he declined to do as our troops were then posted. 
 Washington wisely refused to risk his army in an open field- 
 fight, and Howe would not venture to cross the Delaware, 
 leaving so large a force as that commanded by Washington 
 in his rear, so that Philadelphia was again relieved from 
 being attacked by the way of New Jersey. 
 
 June 5, 1777. ''Deserted from my company stationed at French 
 Creek powder mills the 10 of April last a certain William Evans alias 
 Thomas Davis, a Welshman about forty years of age near five feet six 
 inches high thick and well made. He had a light coloured long 
 skirtled coat, striped trousers and old shoes. ^ Whoever takes up said 
 deserter shall have Ten dollars reward and reasonable charges. 
 
 "James Pugh, Capt. 
 
 " N. B. John Flemming who enlisted with George Blewer, 2 Lieut., 
 surrenders himself according to proclamation of Gen. Washington 
 (June 24th)."t 
 
 "June 25th. The Council taking into consideration the intelligence 
 received by Congress from Ge». Washingto.i, respecting the move- 
 ments of the enemy, and the extreme inconveniency arising from the 
 march of the Militia in the time of harvest. — Agreed, That the Lieu- 
 tenant of the county of Chester (with others) be informed that it is 
 unnecessary to march the second class of that county ; but that the 
 first class be marched, and the second class be held in perfect readi- 
 ness to march at the shortest notice." 
 
 It having become apparent that General Howe had defi- 
 nitely changed his plan for gaining possession of Philadel- 
 
 t Ibid. 
 
68 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 phia, the marching orders for all the militia, except those of 
 Philadelphia and Chester County, were countermanded. 
 News of the embarkation of a large British force at New 
 York very reasonably suggested the idea that the attack on 
 the capital of Pennsylvania would be by way of the river 
 Delaware ; and doubtless that was the plan of Gen. Howe 
 when he sailed. Every effort was accordingly made for the 
 defense of the river. 
 
 On the 27th of July certain information was received by 
 the Council of the approach of the British fleet towards 
 the Delaware Bay. This news produced the highest degree 
 of excitement among the people, and induced the authori- 
 ties of the State to redouble their exertions to ward off the 
 threatened blow. 
 
 A draft of the militia of Philadelphia County had 
 marched before harvest into New Jersey ; one from Bucks 
 had guarded the fords of the Delaware for two months ; a 
 second class from Bucks, two from the city, and one from 
 Chester, had occupied for some time, and assisted in finish- 
 ing the defenses of the Delaware between the city and 
 Chester. July 28th Congress made a requisition on the 
 Executive Council of Pennsylvania for four thousand mili- 
 tia, in addition to those already in service ; in response to 
 which the Council, on the same day, ordered one class to be 
 immediately called into service from the city, and one class 
 from each of the counties of Philadelphia, Bucks, Chester, 
 Lancaster, York, Cumberland, Berks, and Northampton ; 
 also a detachment of artillery from the city of Philadel- 
 phia, equal to three-eighths of the whole. Most of these 
 troops were directed " to march immediately for Chester." 
 
 The persons appointed to drive off the cattle from the 
 borders of the Delaware on the approach of the enemy 
 were reminded of the importance of their trust, and of the 
 necessity of holding themselves in readiness for the per- 
 formance of it when the expected emergency should happen. 
 Caleb Davis, who had been recently appointed prothono- 
 tary, etc., for Chester County, was directed to remove the 
 county records from the town of Chester to a place of 
 greater security. On the 31st of July certain information 
 was received of the fleet approaching and entering the Dela- 
 ware Bay to the number of two hundred and twent3'-eight 
 vessels of war and transports. Arms were wanted for the 
 militia that had been called out, and, as an expedient for 
 supplying them, those persons who had refused to take the 
 oath of allegiance were directed to be disarmed, " and their 
 arms made use of by those who are willing, at the risk of 
 their lives, to defend their liberty and property." 
 
 " Augvst 1, 1777. We the subscribere, Justices of the Peace for the 
 county of Chester, have this day met, in order to nominate proper 
 persons to take an account of all the Wheat, Flour, Grain and other 
 Stores in the county of Chester, within 20 miles distance westward of 
 the river Delaware; and have, after due consideration, returned the 
 following gentlemen : viz, John Wilson, Isaac Taylor (Pennsbury), 
 George Currey, Charles Dilworth, Thomas M'Call, Joshua Evans, 
 James Ewing, and James Lindsey : and for the purpose of billeting, 
 and providing for the Poor that may be removed out of the city of 
 Philadelphia, the following gentlemen; ui'z, Benjamin Bartholomew 
 (East Whileland), David John (Charlestown), David Thomas (Vin- 
 cent), Mithael Hallman (Pikeland), Peter Crumbacker (Coventry), 
 William James (East Nantmeal), John Brown (West Nantmeal), 
 Thomas Evans (Uwchlan), George Thomas (West Whiteland), James 
 Thompson (East, Cain), John Fleming (West Cain), Joseph Parker 
 [or Parke ?] (Sadsbury), Thomas Heslip and Samuel Futhey (East 
 
 and We.«t Fallowfield), William Wilson (O-xford), William Poke (West 
 Nottingham), and David Wherry (East Nottingham),— whom we 
 efteem to be men of fidelity and worthy of the trust t,o be reposed in 
 them, — (Signed) 
 
 " Philip Scott, Isaac Davis, 
 
 " Egbert Smith, James Moore, 
 
 " Dan Griffith." 
 
 So confidently was the enemy expected to approach 
 Philadelphia by the Delaware that the different detachments 
 of the regular army under Washington were ordered to 
 march to the vicinity of the city, and requisitions had been 
 made on several counties for wagons to be used in the trans- 
 portation of army stores. After entering the bay Gen. Howe 
 found the navigation for such an immense naval armament 
 more difficult than he had expected, and retraced his steps 
 to the ocean, having determined to make his approach by 
 the way of the Chesapeake. This movement was not at 
 first understood by our people, for no tidings were received 
 from the fleet until the 8th of August, when it was seen 
 some leagues south of Delaware Bay, but soon again dis- 
 appeared, having been prevented from entering the Chesa- 
 peake by contrary winds until the 16th of that month. It 
 was not, however, until the 22d that the Council was advised 
 of the presence of the enemy in the Chesapeake. 
 
 In this period of uncertainty Washington abated not the 
 least in providing for the defense of the city. On the 15th 
 of August we find him giving directions for the improve- 
 ment of the defenses of the Delaware. More chevauxde- 
 frize were to be sunk, or " the left bank of Fort Island forti- 
 fication supported by a good battery capable of resisting the 
 cannon of the ship." The effect of the disappearance of 
 the enemy upon the Executive Council was different. They 
 dreaded expense, and especially unnecessary expense. An 
 order that had been issued for wagons was countermanded 
 on the 8th of August, and less diligence appears to have 
 been used in forwarding the militia. Up to the 16th of 
 August, agreeably to the report of Col. John Evans, only 
 about one thousand militia had arrived at Chester, and there 
 was no shelter for more, " all the empty houses being occu- 
 pied." These troops were from the counties of Berks, 
 Cumberland, Lancaster, and Chester. The following letter 
 from the Council to some of the Pennsylvania delegation in 
 Congress still further exhibits the great anxiety of that 
 body to avoid expense, and may serve to explain the policy 
 that lessened the efficiency of the militia when called into 
 actual service : 
 
 "Philadelphia, 20th Augt. 1777. 
 "Gent: 
 
 " Council desire, that you will represent to Congress that the 
 Militia last called out in. this State, have been rendezvousing at 
 Chester, and are still arriving there. As this is the season for sowing 
 winter corn, on which this county greatly depends, iS; labourers are 
 become very scarce, they are sensible that great distress must ensue 
 upon continuing these people embodied. In this circumstance, it will 
 afford very sensible satisfaction to the Council, as well as relief to the 
 industrious Inhabitants, if public affairs may admit of the dismissing 
 of part of the Militia, especially as they are very deficient in Arms 
 & blankets, & totally unprovided with tents." 
 
 Two days later, when news of the approach of the enemy 
 by way of the Chesapeake was received, a very sudden 
 change took place in the measures adopted by the Council. 
 The threatened danger was at hand. Economy yielded to 
 necessity, and the Couocjl. at once resumed the work of 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 69 
 
 preparation with vigor, which had been unwisely slackened 
 during the short period that the enemy remained invisible. 
 Additional troops were ordered to Chester, and an equal 
 number to Downingtown ; the militia from Northampton, 
 that had been ordered to proceed northward, were now 
 directed to proceed to Lancaster " with all possible expedi- 
 tion," and, in pursuance of a recommendation of Congress, 
 all disaffected persons were ordered to be arrested and sent 
 into the interior. 
 
 The fleet passed up the Elk River as far as the ships could 
 be navigated with safety, and on the 25th of August landed 
 about eighteen thousand men " in good health and spirits, 
 admirably supplied with all the implements of war, and led by 
 an experienced general of unquestionable military talents." 
 On the day before Howe landed the American army passed 
 through Philadelphia and marched towards the Brandywine. 
 Being deficient in the means of transportation for army 
 baggage, a pressing request was made upon the Council to 
 supply the deficiency. This request was promptly responded 
 to by an order upon the justices of the counties of Phila- 
 delphia and Chester, each county being required to furnish 
 twenty-five wagons with four horses each. 
 
 Gen. John Armstrong was placed in command of the 
 militia at Chester. In a letter to the president of the 
 Council, dated at that place on the 29th of August, we are 
 informed that out of the " chaos" in which Gen. Armstrong 
 had found things at that place he had then forwarded 
 eighteen hundred men ; that, in concert with Gen. Potter, he 
 had formed a rifle regiment (battalion), and placed at the 
 head of it Col. Dunlap, "a prudent man, and not unac- 
 quainted with the business of a partisan." This rifle bat- 
 talion, consisting of three hundred privates, which was to 
 march from Marcus Hook the next day, and one hundred 
 and fifty sent from Billingsport the same day, were exclu- 
 sive of the number above mentioned. The headquarters of 
 Gen. Washington were now at Wilmington, where these 
 troops united with the regular army. On the 1st of Sep- 
 tember the militia that had been called out in Lancaster 
 County were also ordered by Gen. Washington to join his 
 army at Wilmington. 
 
 Up to the 3d of September the enemy had made but little 
 progress towards Philadelphia. Gen. Maxwell had advanced, 
 with a body of light troops, to Iron Hill, in Pencader Hun- 
 dred, Delaware, where on that day he was attacked by a 
 column of the British army led by Lord Cornwallis, and 
 driven beyond White Clay Creek, with a loss of forty killed 
 and wounded. Up to the 5th of Septemher the main body 
 of the American army had remained in the vicinity of 
 Wilmington, where some works had been thrown up. On 
 that day the whole body was removed to Newport, and 
 occupied a position between that place and Red Clay Creek, 
 except Gen. Irwin's brigade, which remained at Wilming- 
 ton \a charge of the works at that place. According to the 
 best information that could then be obtained, the British 
 troops were spread over a " considerable space of country, 
 but in a detached way, from Couch's Mills to some part of 
 Nottingham." 
 
 Pursuant to a recommendation of Congress, a call was 
 made by the Executive Council on the 6th of September 
 for five thousand militia, ia addition to these ah-eady in the 
 
 field. They were ordered to rendezvous on the heights of 
 Darby, " with what arms they have or can procure, and 
 otherwise equipped in the best manner they may be able." 
 These equipments, including blankets, in case they were 
 taken by the enemy or otherwise unavoidably lost, were to 
 be paid for by the State. 
 
 In order to strengthen the army Gen. Washington had 
 withdrawn nearly all the troops from the defensive works on 
 the Delaware. The Navy Board became apprehensive 
 " that some parts of the enemy's fleet would soon attempt 
 to invade the city," and on the 5th of September commu- 
 nicated its plans of defense to the Executive Council. Hcg 
 Island and the meadows were to be laid under water ; flats 
 and boats should be provided to make a bridge from Fort 
 Island to Province Island ; ninety or one hundred men 
 should be put in the fort at Darby Creek ; four pieces of 
 cannon should be got to Billingsport; some person to be 
 put in charge of the fort at Fort Island, and thirty men to 
 be ready to be put on Bush Island. In pursuance of these 
 suggestions. Col. Jehu Eyre, with two companies of militia 
 artillery, was ordered to repair to the works that have been 
 named, where, in conjunction with the commanders of the 
 fleet, he was to exert himself " to take, burn, sink, or other- 
 wise destroy the enemy's ships or vessels that may attempt 
 to invade this or the neighbouring States." He was 
 promised a reinforcement of militia from Bucks County. 
 . Information having been communicated to the American 
 camp at Newport that the enemy had disencumbered them- 
 selves of all heavy baggage. Gen. Washington at once de- 
 termined to put his army in a like condition. A requisition 
 was made by the quartermaster-general, on the 7th of Sep- 
 tember, upon the Executive Council for a sufBcient number 
 of teams for the removal of all baggage except blankets and 
 a few small clothes. These teams were " to be placed in 
 the rear of the divisions, and immediately on an alarm the 
 tents and small packs left with the men were to be sent 
 over Brandywine." 
 
 THE BATTLE OP, THE BEANDTWINE. 
 
 Up to the 8th of September the opinion was entertained 
 by Gen. Armstrong that the British would probably re-em- 
 bark on the Delaware, cross over, and land at some conve- 
 nient point on the Jersey shore, march up to the chevaux- 
 defrize, accompanied by the vessels of force, which he 
 expected would bombard Philadelphia. On the very day 
 that Gen. Armstrong communicated this opinion to the 
 Council a movement of the enemy proved that it was not 
 well founded. Gen. Washington had strengthened the 
 position he then occupied, and, regarding it as probable that 
 the fate of Philadelphia would be there decided, he had 
 resorted to every means in his power to encourage his troops 
 and stimulate them to the greatest exertions. But the 
 movements of the enemy indicated a design to turn the 
 right of the American army, and to cut off all communica- 
 tion with Philadelphia. Washington decided at once to 
 change his ground, and that night crossed the Brandywine, 
 and took a position behind that stream at Chad's Ford. 
 Gen. Maxwell was posted west of the ford, on the road, and 
 Gen. Armstrong was assigned a position on the east side of 
 the Brandywine, about, two miles below, which enabled him 
 
70 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 to guard two fords, now known as Pyle's Ford and Corner 
 Ford. In order to fortify the position at Chad's Ford a 
 breastwork was hastily thrown up on the bluff bordering 
 on the flat ground a little north of the main road. Part 
 of the main army was stationed above the ford to guard 
 other passes. 
 
 This division of the American army has been estimated 
 numerically at fifteen thousand, including the Pennsylvania 
 militia, commanded by Gen. Armstrong. Chief Justice 
 Marshall, who was present at the battle of Brandywine, 
 estimates the effective force of the Americans at eleven 
 thousand, including the militia, and assigns his reasons why 
 there should be such a large number of men unfit for mili- 
 tary duty. Thus posted, and with this small body of effec- 
 tives, Washington patiently awaited the approach of the 
 greatly superior force of the enemy. 
 
 On the evening of the 9th of September the British army 
 entered Chester County in two divisions, one of which, under 
 Gen. Knyphausen, encamped at New Garden and Kennet 
 Square, and the other, under Cornwallis, a short distance 
 below Hockesson Meeting-house. Early next day they 
 united at Kennet Square, whence in the evening the forces 
 under Knyphausen advanced towards Welsh's tavern, now 
 known as the "Anvil," probably for the convenience of water, 
 and those under Cornwallis remained encamped on the hills 
 north and west of Kennet Square. 
 
 Peter De Haven to Vice-president Bryan : 
 
 "Fkenoh Creek, September 10, 1777. 
 **Sir, Wee have got sum information that thare is part of Mr. How's 
 army within four miles of Downins Town, and I believe they intend 
 for our Miigazene, and we are in a very poor situation for defending 
 it. I should be very glad if you would send a proper Gard for this 
 place." 
 
 On the morning of the 11th the army divided into two 
 columns, one division, under Knyphausen, marching 
 directly through Kennet and Pennsbury townships to 
 Chad's Ford by the Philadelphia road, and the other, un- 
 der Cornwallis, and accompanied by Sir William Howe, 
 taking a circuitous route, traversing portions of the town- 
 ships of Kennet, East Marlborough, Newliu, West Brad- 
 ford, East Bradford, and Birmingham, crossing the west 
 branch of the Brandywine at Trimble's Ford, a short dis- 
 tance south of Marshallton, and the east branch mainly at 
 Jefferis' Ford, and approaching Birmingham Meeting-house 
 from the north, the object of these movements being to 
 hem the Americans in between the two forces, and thus 
 make them an easy prey. 
 
 The column under Cornwallis set out about daybreak, 
 and that under Knyphausen about nine o'clock. A very 
 dense and heavy fog continued until a late hour. The 
 column under Knyphausen skirmished with the advanced 
 parties of the American army sent forward to harass the 
 march of the British troops. Maxwell's corps, which occu- 
 pied the hills west of the Brandywine, was driven across 
 the stream after a severe engagement, and joined the main 
 body of the American army, which was ranged in order of 
 battle, awaiting the attack of the enemy. Knyphausen 
 paraded ou the heights, reconnoitred the American army, 
 and appeared to be making dispositions to force the passage 
 of the creek. A skirt of woods, with the stream, divided 
 
 him from Maxwell's corps, small parties of whom occasion- 
 ally crossed over, and kept up a scattering fire, by which 
 not much execution was done. At lenth one of these par- 
 ties, led by Captains Waggoner and Porterfield, engaged 
 the British flank-guard very closely, killed a captain, with 
 ten or fifteen privates, drove them out of the wood, and were 
 on the point of taking a field-piece. The sharpness of the 
 skirmish soon drew a large body of the British to that 
 quarter, and the Americans were again driven over the 
 Brandywine. 
 
 Gen. Cornwallis, with the larger division of the British 
 army, under the cover of the hills and forests, and aided 
 by the fog, proceeded in the circuitous route a considerable 
 distance unobserved, and must have reached the hills south 
 of Trimble's Ford about the time that Knyphausen moved 
 from his position east of Kennet Square. Some cannons 
 were discharged at this point (and cannon-balls have been 
 found in the vicinity), for which it is difficult to account, 
 unless they were designed to notify Knyphausen that they 
 had gained a midway position, or to direct him to march to 
 the ford. 
 
 Gen. Sullivan, who commanded the right wing of the 
 American army, had received instructions to guard the 
 fords as high up as Buffington's (now Shaw's), just above 
 the forks of the Brandywine, and scouting-parties were 
 sent out in various directions to watch the movements of 
 the enemy. About one o'clock intelligence was brought 
 that the enemy's left wing was about crossing the Brandy- 
 wine above its forks, and Col. Bland sent word to Wash- 
 ington that a large force was seen advancing up the road 
 towards Trimble's Ford, and this was confirmed by a note 
 from Col. Ross, who was in their rear, and who estimated 
 the force that he had seen at not less than five thousand. 
 Washington, on receiving this intelligence of a large divi- 
 sion being so far separated from the army at Chad's Ford, 
 formed the design of detaching Sullivan and Lord Stirling 
 to engage the column conducted by Cornwallis should he 
 attempt to cross the stream, while he in person should cross 
 over with the residue of the troops and attack the forces 
 under Knyphausen. 
 
 In pursuance of this determination, Stirling was dis- 
 patched with a considerable force to occupy the high ground 
 in the vicinity of Birmingham Meeting-house, while other 
 necessary dispositions were made upon the left;. At the 
 critical moment, when the plan was about to be executed, 
 counter-intelligence was received, inducing the opinion that 
 the movement of Cornwallis was merely a feint, and that, 
 after making demonstrations of crossing the Brandywine 
 above its forks, he must actually have marched down the 
 right bank of the stream, and was about to re-unite his 
 column with that of Knyphausen. This opinion was con- 
 firmed, by the report of a number of light-horse that had 
 been sent to reconnoitre. 
 
 While Washington was in a state of painful uncertainty, 
 produced by these conflicting accounts. Squire Thomas 
 Cheyney, a citizen of Thornbury township, rode up to 
 the forces under Sullivan with intelligence that the maia 
 body of the British army had crossed the Brandywine and 
 was already at hand, approaching from the north ; and, be- 
 ing uncourteously received by that general, demanded to 
 

 
•^ws 
 
 "."5-JwSi 
 
 ■:«.ii;i* 
 
 
 ^W^ .ssa^i/i'* 
 
 /Vf/,0 (?^^flr£fl^ OF Gek Washingtoa, at the Battle of Brandywine. 
 (Res. of benjamin ring.) 
 
 Head Quahters of La Fayette a t the Battle., of . 
 FtES.OF Gideon Gilpin. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 71 
 
 be led to the comniapder-inchief. This was done, and 
 although Washington was at first disposed to doubt the 
 correctness of the information, he was at length convinced 
 of its truth, and immediately disposed of his troops to meet 
 the emergency. It is said that some of the general's staff 
 spoke rather sneeringly and incredulously of the rustic 
 squire's information, which roused his temper. " If you 
 doubt my word," said he to the commander-in-chief, " put 
 me under guard until you can ask Anthony Wayne or 
 Persie Frazer if I am a man to be believed ;" and then, 
 turning to the general's attendants, he indignantly ex- 
 claimed, "I would have you to know that I have this 
 day's work as much at heart as e'er a llood of you !" 
 
 As soon as Washington became convinced that a large 
 division of the enemy had crossed the Brandywine above, 
 he immediately made a change in the disposition of his 
 force.* The divisions commanded by Generals Sullivan, 
 Stirling, and Stephens advanced farther up the Brandy- 
 wine, and fronted the British columns marching down that 
 stream. The division commanded by Gen. Wayne remained 
 at Chad's Ford, to keep Knyphauscn in check, in which 
 service Maxwell was to co-operate. Greene's division, ac- 
 companied by Washington in person, formed a reserve, and 
 took a central position between the right and left wings. 
 
 The divisions detached against Lord Cornwallis formed 
 on an advantageous piece of ground above Birmingham 
 Friends' Meeting-house, chiefly within what is now the 
 lawn surrounding the dwelling of Mrs. Biddle, both flanks 
 being covered with a thick wood. Stirling's detachment 
 advanced to within a short distance of the meeting-house, 
 where he awaited the approach of the enemy. After wait- 
 ing for some time the near approach of the British was an- 
 nounced, when Stirling endeavored to secure the highest 
 ground in the immediate vicinity of the meeting-house ; 
 but when he reached that point the British had so nearly 
 gained it that he could not have formed before they would 
 have been upon him. In this dilemma he threw a small 
 force into the graveyard, which was inclosed with a stone 
 wall, for the purpose of giving the enemy employment until 
 he could form his men on the rising ground in the rear. 
 This body, after having made an obstinate resistance, re- 
 joined the main division. 
 
 Unfortunately, Sullivan's division, in taking its position, 
 took too large a circuit, and was scarcely formed when the 
 attack commenced. The battle began about half-past four 
 o'clock, and was kept up warmly for some time. The right, 
 having been formed under the enemy's fire, first gave way, 
 and by its flight exposed that flank of the remaining divi- 
 sions to a galling fire. The line continued to break from 
 the right, and in a short time was completely routed. The 
 right' wing made some attempts to rally, but being briskly 
 charged, again broke, and the flight became general. 
 
 Upon the commencement of the action on the right, the 
 reserve division under Washington and Greene pressed for- 
 
 * Gen. Sullivan, who commanded the right of the American army, 
 has been much censured for failing to obtain correct knowledge of the 
 diversion of a part of the British forces at the battle of Brandywine 
 that resulted in our defeat. The charges made against that ofSoer 
 and his defense will be found in the bulletin of the Hist. Society of 
 Penna., vol. i. No. 8. 
 
 ward to the support of that wing ; but before its arrival the 
 rout was complete, and nothing could be done but check 
 the pursuit. For this purpose the Tenth Virginia Regi- 
 ment, commanded by Col. Stephens, and a regiment from 
 Pennsylvania, commanded by Col. Stewart (neither of 
 which had been in action), were posted advantageously on 
 the road taken by the defeated army. Though dispersed 
 by Gen. Howe, these regiments did good service in putting 
 an end to the pursuit. To the same end Gen. Greene con- 
 tributed largely. Placing himself at the head of Muhlen- 
 berg's brigade, in the rear of the retreating army, he kept 
 up, especially from his cannon, so destructive a fire as 
 greatly to retard the advance of the enemy. At one time, 
 it is said, he opened his columns for the fugitives, and closed 
 them against their pursuers. Arriving at length at a nar- 
 row defile, strongly secured on its right and left by thickets 
 or woods, he immediately halted, sent forward his cannon, 
 that they might be out of danger in case of being compelled 
 to a hasty retreat, and formed his troops, determined to dis- 
 pute the pass with small-arms, notwithstanding the vast 
 superiority of his assailants. He effected his purpose with 
 complete success, for, though he was dislodged by Howe, 
 the pursuit was abandoned. 
 
 When the American right was found to be fully engaged 
 with Lord Cornwallis, Knyphausen made real dispositions 
 for crossing the Brandywine. Chad's Ford was defended 
 by an intrenchment and battery with three field-pieces and 
 a howitzer, this division of the army being under the com- 
 mand of Gen. Wayne. After some resistance the work was 
 forced, and, the defeat of the right being known, the left 
 wing also withdrew from the ground.. 
 
 The whole American army retreated towards Chester, 
 arriving there by different roads, and at different times, in 
 the night.f 
 
 I The reproduction of the following lines, by the late T. Buchanan 
 Bead, from his " Wagoner of tlie Alleghanies," is particularly appro- 
 priate : 
 
 "The hour wns loud, but louder still 
 
 Anon the rage of battle roared 
 
 Its wild and murderous will ; 
 From Jeffcris' down to Wistar's Ford, 
 From Jones' to Chad's, the cannon poured, 
 
 While thundered Osborne Hill. 
 
 Oh, ne'er before fled holy calm 
 
 From out its sainted house of prayer 
 So frighted through the trembling air 
 
 As from that shrine of Birmingham. 
 
 " Oft through the opening cloud we scanned 
 The shouting leaders, sword in hand, 
 
 Directing the tumultuous scene : 
 There galloped Maxwell, gallant Bland, 
 
 The poet-warrior, while between, 
 Ringing o'er all his loud command, 
 
 Dashed the intrepid Greene; 
 
 " Here Sullivan in fury trooped, 
 
 There Weedon like an eagle swooped, 
 
 With Muhlenberg, — where they were grouped 
 The invader dearly earned his gains; 
 
 And (where the mad should only be, i 
 The fiercest champion of the free) 
 The loudest trumpet-call was Wayne's, 
 
 While in a gale of battle-glee, 
 With rapid sword and pistol dealing 
 The blows which set the foeman reeling, 
 
 Sped ' Light-horse Harry Lee.' " 
 
72 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 The loss on the side of the British was one hundred 
 killed and four hundred wounded. The loss on the side of 
 the Americans was nine hundred killed and wounded. 
 Among the wounded was the Marquis de la Fayette. As 
 but few Americans were killed or wounded in the retreat, 
 the inequality in the loss sustained has been attributed to 
 the inferiority of their arms, many of their muskets being 
 wholly unfit for service. 
 
 The following is copied from a memorandum once in the 
 possession of Col. Thomas Forrest. It was presented to 
 John F. "Watson by the late Dr. Thomas F. Betton : 
 
 "State of British forces and disposition Sept. 11, 1777. 
 At the upper Fords under the command of Lt. Cornwallis: 
 
 2d Regt. British Gnards 1 j^^„ jj.;,j^j ^„^ wounded 612 
 
 2d " Light Infantry J 
 
 2d Brigade British 2240 " " " 
 
 Ist " Hessians 800 " " " 
 
 Fargason's Riflemen 80 " " " 
 
 4860 
 Middle Ford under Maj.-Gen. Gray : 
 
 2 Battalions of Guards 500 
 
 2 " and 42d Kegt. Highlanders 700 
 
 2 " and 71st Eegt. Highlanders 700 
 
 .S60 
 60 
 46 
 
 1078 
 
 1900 
 Lower Chads Ford under the command of Knyphausen : 
 2 Brig.ades British consisting 1 
 
 4th, 6th, 15th, 23d, 27th, 28th, }■ 2240 Killed and wounded 580 
 
 40th, 49th, and 55th. ) 
 
 1st Brigade Hessians 800 " " " 28 
 
 Queen Rangers 480 " " " 290 
 
 1976 
 
 Grand total 10,280 
 
 "Lostat Brandy wine Sept. 11, 1777, 1976." 
 
 " The above is a true copy of a return found on one of the British 
 officers, Marquet, at the time of the engagement at Germantown, Oct. 
 4, 1777."» 
 
 Gen. Howe has received great applause for the plan of 
 this battle, which, but for one circumstance, was the very 
 best that could have been adopted. The circuit taken by 
 the division under Cornwallis was too great. Had Gen. 
 Washington received early and correct information of the 
 wide separation of the two divisions of the British army, 
 he would have crossed the Brandywine with his whole 
 force and made an attack on Knyphausen, with almost a 
 certainty of success, and could have been ready to meet 
 the division under Cornwallis by the time it arrived, or 
 upon some future day, as best suited his convenience. To 
 one acquainted with the distance and the ground traveled 
 over by the detached wing of the British army, the taking 
 of such a wide circuit appears like a serious mistake on 
 the part of Lord Howe, and one that would have changed 
 the fate of the day but for the extraordinary combination 
 of circumstances that kept Washington in ignorance or in 
 doubt in respect to the extent and character of the move- 
 ment until it was too late to take advantage of it. 
 
 Upon the arrival of Gen. Washington at Chester he 
 addressed the following letter to Congress, by whose order 
 it was published : 
 
 " Chester, September 11, 1777. Twelve 
 O'clock at Night." 
 "Sir: 
 
 " I am sorry to inform you, that in this day's engagement, we have 
 been obliged to leave the enemy masters of the field. Unfortunately 
 the intelligence received of the Enemy's advancing up the Brandy- 
 wine and crossing at a lord about six miles above us, was uncertain 
 and contradictory, notwithstanding all my plans to get the best. This 
 
 * Peima. M^igaaine, iv. 121. 
 
 prevented my making a disposition adequate to the force with which 
 the enemy attacked us on our right ; in consequence of which, the 
 troops first engaged were obliged to retire, before they could be rein- 
 forced. — In the midst of the attack on the right, that body of the 
 enemy that remained on the other side of Chad's ford, crossed it and 
 attacked the- division there under the command of General Wayne, 
 and the light troops under General Ma.twell; who after a severe con- 
 flict, also retired. The Militia under the command of General Arm- 
 strong, being posted at a ford about two miles below Chad's, had no 
 opportunity of engaging. 
 
 "But though we fought under many disadvantages, and were from 
 the cause above mentioned, obliged to retire, yet our loss of men is 
 not, I am persuaded, very considerable; I believe much less than the 
 enemy's. We have also lost seven or eight pieces of cannon according 
 to the best information I can at present obtain. — The baggage having 
 been previously moved off is all secure; saving the men's blankets, 
 which being at their backs, many of them doubtless are lost : 
 
 "I have directed all the troops to assemble behind Chester, where 
 they are now arranging for the night. — Notwithstanding the misfor- 
 tunes of the day, I am happy to find the troops in good spirits; and 
 I hope another time we shall compensate for the losses now sus- 
 tained. 
 
 " The Marquis La Fayette was wounded in the leg, and General 
 Woodford in the hand. Divers other officers were wounded and some 
 slain, but the numbers of either cannot now be ascertained. 
 
 " G. Washington. 
 
 " P. S. It has not been in my power to send you earlier intelligence ; 
 the present being the first leisure moment I have since the engage- 
 ment." 
 
 On the next day the American army marched through 
 Darby to Philadelphia, where it was probably joined by 
 straggling parties who had not reached Chester. One of 
 these, accompanied by a wagon-load of the wounded, with 
 a surgeon, reached Gibbons' tavern, in Springfield, about ten 
 o'clock on the night of the battle. Here their wounds were 
 dressed, and their wants supplied with everything the house 
 could afford. They left early in the morning, for fear of 
 being overtaken by the enemy. 
 
 While the American army was stationed on the Brandy- 
 wine Washington occupied the dwelling of Benjamin Ring, 
 a mile from Chad's Ford, as his headquarters. This house 
 is now owned by Joseph Turner, and has undergone some 
 modifications since it was occupied by the " Father of his 
 Country." The annexed lithograph represents the appear- 
 ance the building then presented, as nearly as those who 
 had been acquainted with it could convey the same to the 
 artist, with the exception that it then had what is called a 
 hipped roof. 
 
 The quarters of Lafayettef were at the dwelling of 
 Gideon Gilpin, who was still living in the same house when 
 Lafayette visited this country in 1825. The procession 
 that accompanied the general to the Brandywine battle- 
 ground stopped in front of the house while he paid his 
 respects to old Gideon, who was then on his death-bed. 
 This property is now owned by Joseph Turner. 
 
 A little above the road leading from Dilworth's town to 
 Brandywine, on the descending ground, there stood a small 
 house, occupied by a man named Brown at the time of the 
 battle. When Brown discovered that the Americans were 
 retreating, followed by the British, he ran out of his house 
 and huzzaed for King George at the top of his voice. An 
 
 t On September 7, 1781, when the allied armies were on their march 
 from King's Ferry (on Hudson River) to Head of Elk, when they 
 reached Wilmington the French staff-offioers turned aside to visit the 
 field of Brandywine, where Lafayette first distinguished himself as 
 an officer. This was four years after that memorable battle. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 73 
 
 American rifleman, within hearing, indignant at his treach- 
 ery, shot Brown just as he re-entered his dwelling, the ball 
 passing through the fleshy part of his arm. 
 
 In the fight at Birmingham Meeting-house a party of 
 the Americans for a time occupied a position inside of the 
 rear wall of the graveyard. A number of the British fell 
 here. The killed of both armies who fell in the vicinity 
 of the meeting-house were buried in the graveyard which 
 partly surrounds it, their remains occupying one common 
 grave just inside of the gate, and on the side next to the 
 meeting-house. The meeting-house was used as a hospital 
 while the British army remained in the neighborhood. 
 
 A Major Furgesson, who was the commander of a small 
 corps of riflemen attached to the British army, mentions 
 an incident which he says took place while he lay con- 
 cealed in a small skirt of woods in front of Knyphausen's 
 division. In a letter to Dr. Furgesson he writes, — 
 
 "We had not lain long when u, rebel officer remarkable for a huz- 
 zar dress passed towards our army, within one hundred yards of my 
 right flank, not perceiving us. He was followed by another dressed 
 in dark green and blue, mounted on a good bay horse, with a remark- 
 ably high cocked hat. I ordered three good shots to steal near to 
 them ;. but the idea disgusted me. I recalled the order. The huzzar, 
 in returning, made a circuit, but the other passed within a hundred 
 yards of us j upon which I advanced from the woods towards him. 
 Upon my calling, he stopped; but looking at me, he proceeded. I 
 again drew his attention, and made a. sign to him to stop, but he 
 slowly continued on his way. As I was within that distance at which, 
 in the quickest firing, I could have lodged half a dozen balls in or 
 about him before be was out of my reach, I had only to determine; 
 but it was not pleasant to fire at the back of an unofi'ending individual, 
 who was acquitting himself very coolly of his duty, so I let him alone. 
 The day after, when I was telling this story to some wounded officers 
 who lay in the same room with me, one of our surgeons, who had 
 been dressing the rebel officers, came in and told me that General 
 Washington was all that morning with the light troops, and only ac- 
 companied by a French officer in a huzzar 'dress, he himself dressed 
 and mounted in every way as above described. I am not sorry that 
 I did not know at the time who it was." 
 
 The good genius of Washington never forsook him. 
 
 The place where Lafayette received his wound, as pointed 
 out by himself in 1825, was on the high ground a little 
 northwest of the frame public school-house, and southeast 
 of the present residence of John Bennett. It occurred 
 while Washington in person and the worthy young French- 
 man were endeavoring to rally some of the retreating regi- 
 ments. Some hard fighting took place at this point. 
 
 8, 29, 1777.— Benjamin Hawley writes in his diary : 
 
 " Yesterday the sick soldiers took possession of y« meeting house" 
 (this was probably Concord Meeting-house), and on the Slst (First 
 Day) he notes that his son John and Jane Jefiferis (housekeeper) 
 " went to meeting at Newlins." 
 
 9, 9, 1777. — "The soldiers Came for a fowl A milk." 
 
 11th "Fifth Day very hot: finished harrowing the Rye; son W" 
 took his horse; the English Engaged the Americans; the Latter De- 
 feated with much Loss." 
 
 12tii "Sixth Day Cloudy: putting up fences that the American 
 Soldiers made in their retreat." 
 
 ISti" "Seventh Day Some Clouds Some of y» English Soldiers had 
 sundries to y^ value of 8». & did not pay." 
 
 14tii "First Day d» at home: Jane 49 weeks; the Soldiers Came 
 & had milk bread & pye" 
 
 15 " Second Day do d" Ree* of y° Soldiers about lOo. Lost an Ax, 
 2 bags & an Iron pot. Thrash'd 3 Doz." 
 
 16 "Third Day Cloudy the English Soldiers went away Thrash'd 
 2 Doz Rachel Miller & Isaac Came to visit us P..M. very hard Rain." 
 
 10 
 
 Benjamin Hawley was farming a place belonging to his 
 son William, in Concord. 
 
 The battle of Brandywine, as is known to most of our 
 people, was fought on two diflFerent fields, — at Birmingham 
 and at Chad's Ford. The British army, soon after leaving 
 Kennet Square, on their march eastward, formed in two 
 divisions, one of them, under General Knyphausen, march- 
 ing directly to Chad's Ford, and the other, under General 
 Cornwallis, and acco.mpanied by General Howe, the com- 
 mander-in-chief, taking a northern direction, crossing the 
 west branch of the Brandywine at Trimble's Ford, and the 
 east branch at Jefferis' Ford, and then turning southward 
 to Birmingham. 
 
 The public roads in those days were somewhat differently 
 located from what they are at the present day. What is 
 now known as the State road from West Chester to Jef- 
 feris' Ford was not then in existence. The road from 
 what is now West Chester — then only known as the Turk's 
 Head — to Jefieris' Ford passed out the present Gay Street 
 to Bradford Avenue, at the northwest corner of the late 
 Orthodox Friends' burial-ground, then diagonally across 
 Edwin James' lot, and by the farm-house on the property 
 of Samuel R. Shipley, south of his residence, then by the 
 dwelling-house on the farm of Edwin James, and from 
 thence, nearly on the route of the present State road, to 
 Jefferis' Ford. Between the farms of Edwin James and 
 John James a road ran over the hills in a northern direc- 
 tion, passing west of the residence of John M. Hildeburn, 
 and running southward to a hamlet known as Sconneltown, 
 where it united with a road from Jefferis' Ford, and contin- 
 ued on to Birmingham Meeting-house, on the bed of the 
 present road. From Sconneltown northward this road has 
 been vacated, but its site in places is still plainly marked, 
 and it can readily be traced. From the farm-house of Ed- 
 win James a road ran northward very much as at present, 
 past the farm-buildings formerly of the late Eusebius 
 Townsend. An oil-mill stood in former times a very short 
 distance west of the farm-house of Edwin James. It was 
 supplied .with water from a dam across the run a short dis- 
 tance above the mill. The dam has become filled, but both 
 the site of the oil-mill and dam are still plainly discernible. 
 
 The road past the mill was formerly known as the Oil- 
 mill road, and it is still occasionally so called,^ although the 
 mill has long since disappeared. 
 
 The farm-house already referred to, on the property of 
 Samuel R. Shipley, just outside the present limits of West 
 Chester, still standing and in good preservation, was in the 
 days of the Revolution owned and occupied by one John 
 Townsend. Emmor Jefferis resided in the house late of 
 David Meconkey, west of Jefferis' Ford, his brother, James 
 Jefferis, where John James lately resided, immediately 
 east of the ford, and Cheyney Jefferis, a son of James 
 Jefferis, where Edwin James lately resided. The hamlet 
 known as Sconneltown was situated on the road leading 
 southward towards Birmingham. It has entirely disap- 
 peared, but its site is marked by a school-house bearing the 
 same name. Among its few buildings was a large wheel- 
 wright-shop, which stood on the east side of the road, and 
 on the brow of the hill nearly opposite the present school- 
 house. 
 
74 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 When General Washington resolved to dispute the pas- 
 sage of the Brandy wine by the British army, and for that 
 purpose marched his forces to its banks, he took possession 
 of the Birmingham Friends' meeting-house, intending to 
 use it as a hospital for the sick of the army. In conse- 
 quence of this the Friends held their mid-week meeting 
 on the 11th of September, 1777, in the wheelwright-shop 
 at Sconneltown. Among those present at this meeting 
 were two young men, Joseph Townsend and his brother 
 William, sons of John Townsend, already referred to. 
 
 Some years subsequently Joseph Townsend wrote an 
 interesting account of the engagement, and of his observa- 
 tions on that memorable day, which was published in the 
 year 1846; but it has been long out of print, and copies 
 are very rarely to be met with. 
 
 Mr. Townsend was at the time of the battle about 
 twenty-one years of age, and resided with his parents, in 
 the house still standing on the property of Samuel R. 
 Shipley, just outside of the present borough limits. 
 
 NARRATIVE. 
 
 " Daring the winter of 1T76 and the spring of 1777 the British army 
 had possessioH of New York, Long Island, etc., and numerous were 
 the conjectures respecting their future destiny, or on what part of the 
 continent the ensuing campaign would be opened. This continued to 
 be the case until the summer approached, when information was gen- 
 erally spread that they were making preparations to leave their winter 
 quarters, which actually took place in the month of July ; but their 
 intended movements remained a profound secret until the latter end 
 of the ensuing month, August, when they made their appearance in 
 the Chesapeake Bay. It was then ascertained that their object was 
 to get possession of Philadelphia, and to march thither the most direct 
 and favorable route to obtain that purpose, having been led to believe 
 that the productive country through which they were to pass would 
 render great facility to their contemplated march, and that but little 
 obstruction or opposition would be met with from the inhabitants of 
 that portion of the country. The number of soldiers under arms 
 amounted by computation to seventeen thousand, five thousand of 
 them being German troops, generally termed Hessians, the former 
 being under the command of Gen, Howe, and the latter under Gen. 
 Knyphausen. The fleet conveyed them up above the mouth of the 
 Susquehanna River, and landed them a litttle east of Turkey Point, 
 from which place they contemplated marching. The news of their 
 landing soon spread throughout the adjacent country, and some were 
 of opinion that a general devastation would be the consequence; 
 others concluded that the country was nbw conquered, and that peace 
 and tranquillity would be restored by the former government being re- 
 established, as considerable commotion and disturbances bad taken 
 place in that section of the country respecting it. 
 
 "At that time I resided at my father's (John Townsend), the place 
 of my nativity, adjoining to the ground where West Chester now stands, 
 — a neighborhood where the inhabitants were alive to the prevailing 
 reports and rumors of the day. 
 
 "The first account received after their landing was that they were 
 at Iron Hill, a place not much known or spoken of previously as a 
 place of note; the next news was that they were at Allen's tavern, 
 in the settlement of New Garden, a person having arrived who had 
 been in sight of them so near as to discover the buttons on their 
 coats, which I suppose was a regiment of the German troops, who 
 were, during the whole march, kept in front of the army, to cover the 
 English troops from any skirmishing which might take place with the 
 Americans (or rebels, so termed with them), which probably would 
 be the case before they arrived at Philadelphia, their intended winter 
 quarters. 
 
 " Things at this time began to wear a serious aspect, and the counte- 
 nances of many were changed: some of them evidently appeared 
 gloomy, others somewhat brightened up from the consideration of 
 pleasing prospects before them, and the favorable issue soon to be 
 experienced. 
 
 " Gen. Washington was early apprised of the British forces landing 
 
 on the shores of the Chesapeake, and disposed of his troops in diflerent 
 directions, to arrest their progress in their intended march through 
 that section of the country, and to make a stand against them at 
 every position favorable for that purpose. A breastwork was thrown 
 up on an eminence on the east side of Brandywine Creek, nearly 
 opposite to Chad's Ford, near which his principal army was en- 
 camped. Scouting-parties were reconnoitring in various directions 
 for several miles up the said creek, to discover if possible the ford 
 over which the invaders intended to force their march. 
 
 "Several persons in the neighborhood who had manifested a dispo- 
 sition to support the Americans' cause now thought it advisable to 
 remove their families, stock, and furniture to a distance, that it might 
 be safe from the British plunderers, as destruction would be the con- 
 sequence if left In their way ; others, being of a difi'erent opinion, 
 were disposed to remain at home, and risk the danger to which they 
 might be exposed, let the consequence be what it might. 
 
 " A majority of the inhabitants were of the Society of Friends, who 
 could not, consistently with their principles, take any active part in 
 the war, and who generally believed it right to remain at their dwell- 
 ings, and patiently submit to whatever sufi'ering might be their lot, 
 and trust (heir all to a kind, protecting Providence, who had hitherto 
 protected and prospered their undertaking in an extraordinary man- 
 ner ever since their first settlement of the country under the proprietor 
 and Governor, William Penn. 
 
 "Gen. Washington had his headquarters at Benjamin Ring's, who 
 resided near the east side of Chad's Ford, and Gen. Lafayette was 
 near at hand, in the neighborhood, at Gideon Gilpin's. They were 
 frequently together, which afi'orded an opportunity to spectators to 
 view them both at the same time. 
 
 "OnthelOthof September, in the evening, the British forces arrived 
 and encamped at Kennet Square and its vicinity, and early on the 
 morning following were disposed to carry into effect their concerted 
 plan of crossing the Brandywine Creek and routing the American 
 army from their ground of encampment, which was for Gen. Kny- 
 phausen to conduct the troops under his command to the high grounds 
 of the creek, on the west side, and commence a brisk cannonading, in 
 order to keep up the appearance of an attempt to cross the stream, 
 while Gen. Howe conducted his troops, artillery, etc., up the stream 
 about seven miles to Jefferis' Ford, that he might surprise Washing- 
 ton's army, which lay southeast of Birmingham Meeting-house. 
 
 "The order given to Gen. Knyphausen was complied with. He 
 arranged his artillery on the lands of William Harvey, Jacob Way, 
 and others adjoining, as the most eligible spot for the intended pur- 
 pose, having the principal part of his troops under arms in full view 
 of the Americans, who occupied the eminences on the east side. 
 
 " Gen. Knyphausen commenced his cannonading early after day- 
 light, and continued it the greater part of the forenoon. It then, in a 
 great measure, ceased, and it appeared as if the troops were retiring; 
 so much so, that a company of Americans ventured to cross the creek at 
 the ford and advance some distance on the west side without any in- 
 terruption from the enemy. Thus were the Americans amused during 
 the forenoon, and until information arrived that Gen. Howe and his 
 troops were crossing the Brandywine at Jefferis' Ford, which unex- 
 pected intelligence occasioned a general consternation and commotion 
 throughout the whole of Gen. Washington's army. 
 
 " It may be recollected the whole of the movements of the enemy 
 were concealed from Gen. Washington, He could obtain no correct 
 intelligence respecting them, except the tiring of the cannon opposite 
 to Chad's Ford. It was near twelve o'clock before the information 
 reached him, and it took some considerable time before he could ar- 
 range his forces to risk an engagement with them, which he endeav- 
 ored to do, by posting such of his troops as were prepared for action 
 on the eminence in front of and south of Birmingham Meeting-house. 
 Some few of them were sent forward to the meeting-house, the bury- 
 ing-ground and site contiguous being favorable for the first attack, 
 which took place accordingly, 
 
 " As the object of these memoranda is to recite some particulars of 
 the transactions of that day, I shall now turn to the early part of it 
 and relate some circumstances leading thereto. On the arrival of Gen. 
 Washington's army from the eastward, in order to impede the pro- 
 gress of the British after their landing on the shores of the Chesa- 
 peake, a considerable number of the soldiers were sick, in consequence 
 of their long marches through the excessive heat of that season of 
 the year. On that account the commissaries, and those who had the 
 charge of the disordered persons, were obliged to take possession of 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 .75 
 
 the meeting-houses and other puhlio buildinga as hospitals to ac- 
 commodate them. Among the number thus designated Birmingham 
 Meeting-house was to he one, and preparations were being made 
 therein for that purpose. First-day morning arrived. Friends 
 assembled as usual, from an expectation that the meeting might 
 be held in the house even if it should be taisen possession of aft'er- 
 wards; but, from the situation of it, their request could not be 
 granted. They therefore got permission to take some of the benches 
 out of the house, and placed them under the trees which stood in 
 front thereof, on which they seated themselves in the quiet, as far as 
 was practicable under existing oiroumstanees, inasmuch as the offi- 
 cers and workmen were moving about, and engnged in making prep- 
 aration to receive the sick, to be brought there as soon as the prem- 
 ises could be got in readiness. . . . Under these circumstances it 
 became necessary that some other building should be provided to ac- 
 commodate the meeting in future until the meeting-house should be 
 cleared and put in order for the purpose; and how soon that would 
 be the case was uncertain from the present gloomy appearances. 
 Several houses und rooms were talked of, but it was finally concluded 
 to hold the next meeting in a large wheelwright-shop, which stood on 
 the eminence north of the dwelling-house owned by Philip Price (at 
 the date of the writing of this sketch), at a place then in existence, 
 and called Sopnneltown. The next meeting day was on the 11th of 
 the month, which proved to be a memorable day. 
 
 "Amos House, who had left his dwelling near Chad's Ford, and 
 was succeeded therein by Lord Stirling and his attendants, was in the 
 practice of visiting the premises almost daily to see what discovery- 
 he could make, went down on the morning of the eleventh, after the 
 cannonading bad commenced, and rode under the cannon-balls that 
 were discharged from the artillery on the hills, on each side of the 
 creek, without receiving any injury therefrom. 
 
 "Possessed with curiosity, and fond of new things, my brother, 
 William Townsend, myself, and some others rode alongside of the 
 Brandy wine for some distance to discover the approach of the British 
 army, in ease they should attempt to cross at any of the fords on the 
 creek between Jefferis' and Chad's. We fell in with many like our- 
 selves, but no intelligence could be obtained. We then returned to 
 the aforesaid wheelwright-shop, to assemble with Friends in holding 
 our week-day meeting, it being near the hour appointed. While we 
 were sitting therein some disturbance was discovered near the house 
 and about the door, which occasioned some individuals to go out to 
 know the cause, and the uneasiness not subsiding, suspicions arose 
 that something serious was taking place, and the meeting accordingly 
 closed. On our coming out of the house and making some inquiry of 
 what had happened, found it to be an alarm among some Of the neigh- 
 boring women that the Gnglish were coming, and that they murdered 
 all before them, young and old. Some of us endeavored to quiet their 
 fears by telling them it was not likely to be the case, and that they 
 had better compose themselves Instead of making further disturbance ; 
 and while we were reasoning with them our eyes were caught on a 
 sudden by the appearance of the army coming out of the woods into 
 the fields belonging to Emmor Jeflferis, on the west side of the creek, 
 above the fording-place. In a few minutes the fields were literally 
 covered over with them, and they were hastening towards us. Their 
 arms and bayonets, being raised, shone as bright as silver, the sky 
 being clear and the day exceedingly warm. Kecollecting that there 
 was no one at our dwelling except some of our sisters, we concluded 
 it advisable to return home as expeditiously as possible, as we had no 
 doubt that they were marching direct for Philadelphia, and would 
 pass by the house and over the farm.. Our parents had a few days 
 before been called to their daughter Lamborn's, at Kennet, on account 
 of the illness of her children, one of whom had died during their stay 
 there. They were considerably plundered by the rabble which accom- 
 panied the army during their encampment at Kennet Square, to which 
 they were contiguous. 
 
 "After our arrival at home, and our horses inclosed in the stable, 
 we were in momentary expectation of the army's approach, but in this 
 we were disappointed ; and having waited some time, we ventured 
 down the road towards them, and when in sight of Jefferis' Ford we 
 discovered that they had turned their course towards Birmingham; 
 and were passing by where the meeting on that day had been held. 
 Being disposed to have a better and nearer view of them, we sat out 
 for the purpose; and passing by the dwelling of Abel Boake, we soon 
 after met Sarah, his wife, who had been as curious as ourselves, and 
 had been among the soldiers as they marched along. The space oc- 
 
 cupied by the main body and flanking parties was near half a mile 
 wide. Sarah encouraged our going among them, at the same time 
 admired their appearance, and said what fine-looking fellows they 
 were, and (to use her own phrase) * they were something like an 
 army,* which we oould see for ourselves, if we would go among thera , 
 and that there would not be any objection to our entrance. Thus 
 encouraged, we walked on until we approached the flanking party, 
 when a soldier under arms called out, ' Where are you going ?' We 
 replied that wo wished to see the army, if there was no objection. 
 He observed that there was their captain, we must speak to him ; 
 which being done, leave was readily obtained, and in a few minutes 
 we found ourselves in the midst of military characters, rank and file ; 
 little to be discovered but staff-officers and a continued march of 
 soldiers, with occasionally a troop of horse passing. Great numbers 
 of baggage-wagons began to make their appearance, well guarded by 
 proper officers and soldiers. We passed through them until we reached 
 one of the most eligible houses in the town (Sconneltown), and soon 
 after divers of the principal officers came in, who manifested an un- 
 common sociable disposition. They were full of inquiries respecting 
 the rebels, where they were to be met with, and where^Mr, Washing- 
 ton was to be found. This inquiry respecting the rebels was a general 
 thing among the common soldiers, and others, as they moved along. 
 The officers aforementioned were replied to by my brother, William 
 Townsend, who modestly and spiritedly told thom, if they would have 
 patience a short time, he expected they would meet with Gen. Wash- 
 ington and his forces, who were not far distant. Had we known 
 it, the front of his army was then in view, on the heights at Birming- 
 ham Meeting-house, though three miles distant from us. They in- 
 quired what sort of man Mr. Washington was. My brother, who had 
 a knowledge of him by being with him at his quarters at Chad's 
 Ford, replied that he was a stately, well-proportioned, fine-looking 
 man, of great abilities, active, firm, and resolute, of a social disposi- 
 tion, and was considered to be a good man. This he observed to check 
 their eagerness for a sight of the general, and to draw forth some fur- 
 ther observations from them respecting him; to which ooe of them 
 answered, that ' He might be a good man, but he was most damnably 
 misled to take up arms against his sovereign.' During the inter- 
 view, while I was conversing with one of the officers, I inquired of 
 him at what place they had -encamped the night before ; of which he 
 replied, that he knew not where the main body of the army was, but 
 that their regiment lay on the soutii side of the hill beyond Kennet 
 Square. He then observed to me, with much anioiation, 'You have 
 got a hell of a fine country here, which we have found to be the case 
 ever since we landed at the Head of Elk.' 
 
 " The house we were in was elevated, so that on the first floor, whe re 
 we stood, we had a pretty full view of the army as they passed along ; 
 and while we were conversing together, my brother called to me to 
 step to the door to see Gen. Lord Cornwallis, who was passing by. 
 He was on horseback, appeared very tall and sat very erect. His rich 
 scarlet clothing, loaded with gold lace, epaulets, etc., occasioned him 
 to make a brilliant and martial appearance. The advanced portion 
 of the army made a halt at this place, and refreshed their horses by 
 hastily clearing off some of the corn patches that were within their 
 reach. It might be observed that most or all of the officers who con- 
 versed with us were of first rank, and were rather stout, portly men, 
 well dressed and of genteel appearance, and did not look as if they 
 had ever been exposed to any hardship ; their skins were as white 
 and delicate as is customary for females brought up in large cities or 
 towns. 
 
 " As we spent no idle time in viewing the strangers who surrounded 
 us, I discovered on a sudden that there was a general stir or movement; 
 among them. Inquiry was made what could be the object of it, and 
 it was answered by one of them that they were resuming their 
 march, and that the halt which had been made was only to refresh 
 their horses, to enable them to perform the several duties required of 
 them. 
 
 " Having by this time become familiar with them, and no danger or 
 difficulty to apprehend from them, my cjriosity or ambition was in- 
 creased, and I wished a farther and niore full view than I before had, 
 and to have it to say that I had seen the whole of thom, as far as was 
 practicable. I invited James Johnson, an acquaintance, who was 
 standing by, to accompany me, and we proceeded through the crowd 
 on the public road until we reached the advanced guards, who were 
 of the German troops. Many of them wore their beards on their 
 upper lips, which was a novelty in that part of the country. This 
 
76 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 took place between the dwelling of Richard Strode and Osborne's Hill. 
 Eeiiig now in the front, we walked on inconsiderately until we ar- 
 rived at a jjair of bars, opposite the ancient dwelling of Amos Davis, 
 through which we went into the field southwest of the road, and 
 walked up to the upper fence, being the division line between the two 
 tracts of land of Amos Davis and the heirs of his uncle, Daniel Davis. 
 On turning our faces back we had a grand view of the British army, 
 as they advanced over and down the side of Osborne's Hill and the 
 lands of James Carter; scarcely a vacant space left. While we were 
 amusing ourselves with the wonderful curiosity before us, to our great 
 astonishment and surprise the firing of the musketry took place. 
 The advance-guard aforementioned, having arrived at the Street Road, 
 were fired upon by a company of the Americans who were stationed 
 in the orchard north of Samuel Jones' brick dwelling-house. The 
 attack was immediately returned by the Hessians, who, stepping up 
 the bank of the road, alongside of the orchard, used the fence as a 
 breastwork, through which they fired upon the company that com- 
 menced the attack. From the distance at which we were from them, 
 — though in full view until the smoke of the firing covered them from 
 our sight, — I was under no apprehension of danger, especially when 
 there was such' a tremendous force coming on and ready to engage in 
 the action ; nevertheless, I concluded it best to retire, finding that my 
 inconsiderate curiosity had prompted me to exceed the bounds of 
 prudtnee. I proposed it to my companion, but he refused to return, 
 being disposed to see what further would take place and how it would 
 end. 
 
 " I then made the best of my way through the crowd until I arrived 
 at the aforementioned bars on the road, which opened into the field of 
 Amos Davis, where I was met by several companies of soldiers, who 
 were ordered into the field to form and prepare for the approaching 
 engagement. The opening of the bars not being of sufficient width 
 to admit them to pass with that expedition which the emergency of 
 the ease required, a German officer, on horseback, ordered the fence 
 to be taken down, and, as I was near to the spot, had to be subject to 
 his requiring, as he flourished a drawn sword over my head, with 
 others who stood by. On a removal of the second rail I was forcibly 
 struck with the impropriety of being active in assisting to take the 
 lives of my fellow-beings, and therefore desisted from proceeding any 
 further in obedience to his commands. The hurry was great, and so 
 many rushing forward under arms, I found no difficulty in retiring 
 unobserved, and was soon out of reach of those called immediately 
 into action. I lost no time on my return, and when I arrived on the 
 top of the hill I discovered on the eminence in Samuel Osborne's field 
 a number of my acquaintances, who were standing near to a consider- 
 able number of persons on horseback, and viewing them, with the 
 different movements of the army. I joined in with them. It was 
 now a time of some seriousness and alarm among them. The battle 
 had commenced in earnest; little was to be heard but the firing of the 
 musketry and the roaring of cannon from both parties. It appeared 
 that those on horseback were some of the principal officers of the 
 British army, with their aides, who had collected together to consult 
 about carrying on the engagement to the best advantage. Among 
 them was Gen. Howe. He was mounted on a large English horse, 
 much reduced in flesh, I suppose, from being so long confined on board 
 of the fleet between New York and the head of the Chesapeake Buy, 
 which was about six weeks, occasioned by contrary winds. The gen- 
 eral was a large, portly man, of coarse features. He appeared to have 
 lost his teeth, as his mouth had somewhat fallen in. As I stood 
 alongside, I had a full opportunity of viewing him as he sat on his 
 horse, and had to observe his large legs and boots, with flourishing 
 spurs thereon. While the officers were in consultation and we view- 
 ing them, together with the smoke issuing from the cannon and mus- 
 ketry, we remarked a tremendous roaring of cannon, and volumes of 
 smoke arising therefrom, at Chad's Ford. Gen. Knyphausen having 
 discovered that the engagement was on with the front of Howe's 
 army at the meeting-house, he immediately forced the troops under 
 his command across the Brandywine, and the whole of Gen. Wash- 
 ington's army at that station were routed from their breastivorks, and 
 fiom the different positions' they had taken to impede the march of 
 the British. From these circumstances. Gen. Washington considered 
 it prudent to effect a retreat, which took place accordingly. While 
 we remained on Osborne's Hill we had the opportunity of making 
 many observations, — the engagement of both armies, the fields in 
 front of us containing great heaps of blankets and baggage, thrown 
 together to relieve the men for action; the regular march of the 
 
 British army, consisting of horse and foot, artillery, baggage and 
 provision wagons, arms and ammunition, together with a host of 
 plunderers and rabble that accompanied the army; almost the whole 
 face of the country around appeared to be covered and alive with 
 these objects. The time occupied in their passage was about four 
 hours. 
 
 " We remained on the hill for some time, and when the engagement 
 seemed to be nearly over, or at least that part of it which was in view, 
 and the day being far on the decline, we were about retiring; but, as 
 admiration and curiosity had been the order of the day, I proposed to 
 some of my companions that we should go over to the field of battle 
 and take a view of the dead and wounded, inasmuch as we might 
 never have such another opportunity. Some of them consented, and 
 others with reluctance yielded. We hastened thither, and awful was 
 the scene, — to behold such a number of fellow-beings lying near each 
 other, severely injured, and some of them mortally; a few dead, but 
 a small proportion, considering the quantity of powder and balls that 
 had been used. It was now time for the surgeons to exert themselves, 
 and divers of them were busily employed. Some of the doors of the 
 meeting-house were torn off, and the wounded carried thereon into 
 the house, which was now occupied as a British hospital, instead of 
 for the American sick, for whom it had been preparing some days 
 previous. / 
 
 "The wounded officers were first attended to ; several of distinction 
 had fallen, and as everything appeared to be in a state of confusion, 
 and we being spectators and assistance required, some of our nnm- 
 ier, — of whom I was one, — at the request of the surgeons, became ac- 
 tive in removing them therein. I desired to know who they were; 
 but it was not a time for inquiring, and I do not recollect to have 
 heard the name of one of them mentioned at that time. After assist- 
 ing to carry two of them into the house, I was disposed to see an 
 operation performed by one of the surgeons, who was preparing to 
 amputate a limb, by having a brass clamp or screw fixed thereon, a 
 little above the knee-joint. He bad a knife in his hand, the blade 
 of which was of circular form, and was about to commence the in- 
 cision, when he recollected that it might be necessary for the 
 wounded man to take something to support him during the operation. 
 He told some of his attendants to give him a little wine or brandy to 
 keep up his spirits, to which he replied, ' No, doctor, it is not neces- 
 sary; my spirits are up enough without it.' He then observed that 
 be had heard some of them say there was some water in the house, 
 and if there was, he would like a little to wet his mouth. As I was 
 listening to the conversation, and waiting for the water to arrive, one 
 of my companions caught me by the arm and mentioned that it was 
 necessary to go out immediately, as they were fixing the picket- 
 guards, and if we did not get away in a few moments we should have 
 to remain within the lines of encampment during the night. I in- 
 stantly complied, and we saved our distance, and were at liberty to 
 return home. 
 
 " The dusk of the evening was then on, and we set out accordingly, 
 being twelve or fifteen in number, two of whom had started earlier 
 and were some distance before us. I suppose we were all under the 
 erroneous impression that from what had passed during the day 
 there was no probability of an American under arms to be found in 
 the neighborhood. In this, however, we were mistaken, for the two 
 persons aforesaid, who had started early, were talking rather freely on 
 the defeat of the American army that afternoon, and were overheard 
 by a scouting-party who had been following the rear of the British 
 during their movements. They were posted in a field on an enii- 
 ncnce, and were watching the movements of the British in the even- 
 ing after the battle was over. [Note. — Tradition says this scouting- 
 party was a company of local militia, commanded by Capt. William 
 Gibbons.] They hailed the two gentlemen who had been and were 
 then taking such liberties, and as no answer was returned they re- 
 peated their call, which, being disregarded, one of the scouts, without 
 further hesitation or ceremony, fired upon them. The ball pene- 
 trated the thigh of one of them named Simon Kerns, and he fell. 
 They then rode off, and were seen traveling up the public road that 
 led to our dwelling. The report of the musket was heard by some of 
 our number who were behind, and that not without serious appre- 
 hensions, not knowing what it could mean. When we arrived at the 
 place where the circumstance had happened, we were informed of 
 the particulars, and that a kind neighbor, Richard Strode, had as- 
 sisted in carrying the wounded man into a small house, where he lay 
 groaning and lamenting in grievous manner. [Note. — Simon Kerns 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 77 
 
 not having the aBsietance of a surgeon that night, the wov.nd swelled 
 considerably. Thomas Darlington attended him, but did not think it 
 best to extract the ball. Simon finally recovered, but carried the 
 ball as long as he lived, without serious injury to his person or occu- 
 pation. He died about the year 1830.] 
 
 " It would be difficult to express our feelings on this occasion. We 
 were all panic-struck, not knowing but what it might be our fate, or 
 perhaps worse, in a few mioutes. We felt our imprudence or incon- 
 siderate conduct with great force, and the curiosity of the day was 
 now greatly damped. To move forward was terrifying; to remain 
 where we were would be no small punishment under existing circum- 
 stances. Some of us had left our families, consisting only of a few 
 females and children, and we knew not what dreadlul events might 
 have taken place in our absence. Imagination was worked up to a 
 great height, and our fears were as great as wo could well bear, such 
 was the dilemma that we were in. I considered that it overbalanced 
 all that we had seen, and was now without remedy. A consultation 
 was held, and we found ourselveB surrounded with difficulties. To 
 pursue the public road home was dangerous, from the expectation 
 that the aforementioned scouting-party, or others of the military, 
 were lying in wait for us, and that we might be fired upon, or other- 
 wise taken up and carried before the prevailing power to answer for 
 our conduct. If we attempted to return through the fields we were 
 apprehensive we might be met by some of the military, and more 
 guilt would appear than if we went boldly along the road. We were 
 two miles from home, and the moon having risen, the night was clear 
 and bright and remarkably still, so every movement could be discov- 
 ered at a distance. After various projects being suggested, we 
 finally resolved to take the nearest way home, which was through 
 divers fields and woods, from a hope that there would be less dan- 
 ger and risk of being detected. AVe came to the conclusion before we 
 set out that no conversation should take place on the way, or obser- 
 vations made that would be unfavorable, in case we should be over- 
 heard. We accordingly commenced our route, and reached our 
 dwellings at u, lafe hour of the night without molestntion or alarm, 
 except in one instance, when climbing over a fence on the way we 
 surprised a fiock of sheep which lay alongside taking their repose. 
 They started and ran off as if their greatest enemy was in close pur- 
 suit of them. Our fears were up in an instant, not knowing but that 
 those whom we so much dreaded were not at hand. 
 
 " We found all safe and undisturbed when we arrived at home, but 
 met wiih a severe reproof from one of our sisters for having taken 
 such liberties, and given way to an idle curiosity, which might in- 
 volve ourselves and the family in great diflRculty and distress, saying 
 that for her part she had no wish nor desire to see one person in the 
 whole British army. I was satisfied with the correctness of her ob- 
 servation, but it was too late to be remedied. I could say for myself 
 that I do not recollect ever to have felt a more thankful heart to the 
 great author of my existence than I did after I retired to bed, though 
 I knew not what might be the consequence of that day's expedition 
 when it eame to be known that we had shown such an attachment to, 
 and familiarity with, the enemies of our country, whom the American 
 forces were contending against, and over whom, under the assistance 
 of a protecting Providence, they finally prevailed, which event was the 
 introduction and establishment of a great and powerful nation. 
 
 " Having in the foregoing given some account of the engagements 
 and adventures of one day, — the memorable 11th of September, 1777, 
 
 I shall now proceed to give some farther account of what took place 
 
 shortly thereafter. The British army remained on the ground of en- 
 campment at Birmingham until the third day of the week following, 
 being the sixleenlh of the month, having in the course of that time re- 
 moved all their wounded that survived to the borough of Wilmington 
 (at that time in their possession), amounting to one hundred and 
 twelve wagon-loads. They on that day commenced their further 
 march for the city, having formed two divisions, one of which, com- 
 manded by Gen. Knyphansen, proceeded by way of Chester, and the 
 other, being the grand one, under the command of Gen. Howe, pro- 
 ceeded direct to the Swedes' Ford, on Schuylkill, which, after march- 
 iog through a severe day's rain, encamped the following night on the 
 south side of the Valley Hill, and around the Boot Tavern, at which 
 house the general had his headquarters. 
 
 " The ground which they had lately occupied at Birmingham, being 
 now cleared and left in a desolate condition, exhibited a scene of de- 
 struction and waste. Some few of the inhabitants who remained 
 thereon, and some others who were returning to the places of abode, 
 
 found it necessary to call in the assistance of their neighbors to re- 
 bury many of the dead, who lay exposed to the open air and ravages 
 of beasts and wild fowls, having, in consequence of the late heavy 
 rains, been washed bare, and some few of thenr had never been in- 
 terred. I was one among » number who attended and performed 
 that duty. 
 
 " It would be difficult to describe the many eases of horror and de- 
 struction of human beings that came under our notice in this under- 
 taking, but wo accomplished it, though in many instances of a most 
 disagreeable and unpleasant nature. During the performance of it 
 we had a full opportunity of beholding the destruction and wanton 
 waste committed on the property of the peaceable inhabitants of the 
 neighborhood, and on the ground of the encampment. Those who 
 were obliged to remain thereon had their stock of cattle destroyed 
 for the use of the army, their horses taken away, and their house- 
 hold furniture, bedding, etc., wantonly wasted and burned. It was 
 not uncommon to see heaps of feathers lying about the farms, the 
 ticks having been stripped off and made use of, and the remains of 
 small pieces of valuable furniture lying about their fireplaces, in the 
 fields, uncunsumed, when there was no want of timber and fence-rails, 
 which might have been used for their cooking, etc. ; but being in an 
 enemy's country, inhabited by rebels, there was no restraint on the 
 soldiery or rabble which accompanied them. 
 
 " Having made mention that the meeting-house at Birmingham had 
 been taken out of our possession by the Americans in order to accom- 
 modate their sick soldiers, it so turned out that before it could be oc- 
 cupied for that purpose Gen. Howe had the control of it for the use 
 of his wounded ofBcers; and when vacated, and the army removed, 
 friends were at liberty to cleanse and purify it, which was so far done 
 that we held our meeting therein on first-day (Sunday) succeeding 
 their departure ; but considerable repairs were necessary afterwards to 
 put it in the condition it was previous to our being deprived of it. 
 During their occupancy of it several of their principal officers died, 
 and were interred in the burying-ground adjoining, one of them said 
 to be a near connection of the Duke of Northumberland, a young man 
 of the name of Percy." 
 
 The question as to whether a Percy fell at the battle of 
 Brandywine has been generally doubted by careful histori- 
 ans, yet there must have been some foundation to the story, 
 and as a partial attempt to explain it, the following state- 
 ments are given : 
 
 Col. William L. Stone, formerly editor of the New York Commer- 
 cial Advertfaevy made a visit to the field of Brandywine in the year 
 1831, and published an account of his visit In his paper under the title 
 of " Notes by the Way." This article found its way into many news- 
 papers of the day, and was copied by Watson into his " Annals of 
 Philadelphia." Col. Stone gives the tradition as related to him by 
 persons in the vicinage, that this young Percy, on the march of the 
 division of the British army under Gens. Howe and Cornwallis from 
 Jefferis' to Birmingham, on reaching the eminence now familiarly 
 known as Osborne's Hill, suddenly curbed his horse, and, viewing the 
 landscape, said to his servant, Clifford, that he had seen that field be- 
 fore in England, and in a dream, and that he should full there; that 
 he gave him his watch and purse, with messages to his friends, dashed 
 forward with his fellows, and fell near the northern wall of the Bir- 
 mingham graveyard, around which the battle raged, about the mid- 
 dle of the action, and that he was buried In that yard. This was cer- 
 tainly the tradition that was current at the time of Col. Stone's visit 
 in 1831. 
 
 An Engli.<h member of the Sociity of Friends, Robert Suteliff, pub- 
 lished in England a work entitled "Travels in Some Parts of North 
 America, 18U4-5-6," in which he mentions at that early day the tra- 
 dition that a Percy was slain at the battle of Brandywine. He says, 
 "The gr,eund I traveled on this day was the scene of much bloodshed 
 during the Revolutionary war, it being that part of the country 
 where the battle of Brandywine was fought. My companiun was 
 present at the time, with several other friends, who were led forth by 
 the dictates of humanity, in order to lend some assistance to the 
 poor wounded and dying soldiers that lay scattered over the fields, 
 through an extent of several miles. On this occasion the Friends' 
 meeting-house at Birmingham was converted into a hospital, in which 
 many of the poor mangled creatures breathed their last. Among 
 those who ended their eaithly career in this meeting-house were sev- 
 
78 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNS.YLVANIA. 
 
 eral officers, who were buried in the Friends' burial-ground. One of 
 these, a near connection of the Duke of Northumberland, was a 
 joung man of the name of Percy, whose amiable and exemplary con- 
 duct under his severe suflferings had procured him the particular 
 regard and esteem of the friends about him/' 
 
 This was written at a time not so remote from the year of the bat- 
 tle, — only about twenty-seven years, — when there were many living 
 witnesses of the event of the day, and which doubtless formed a 
 common topic of conversation. 
 
 In the New York Magazine of American History of September, 
 1879, there is published the " Personal Narrative of the Services of 
 Lieut. John Shreve, of the New Jersey Line of the Continental Army." 
 Mr. Shreve, in ¥!SB, removed to Western Pennsylvania, where and 
 in Ohio he resided the remainder of his life. He was a man of in- 
 telligence, and was for, several years an active member of the Legis- 
 lature of this State. He wrote this narrative when he was advanced 
 in life. He was in the battle of Brandywine, and in giving a cir- 
 cumstantial account of the events of the day as they fell under his 
 observation, says, "After we met the enemy and the engagement 
 commenced, a cannon-ball went through Captain Stout, and through 
 a sergeant that stood behind him, and killed both of them. I heard 
 that a Captain Ashton, of the British army, told this story after the 
 battle was over. When they (the British) were marching down on 
 the east side of the river Brandywine from Jeflferis' Ford, and in 
 view of the Birmingham Meeting-house, Captain Percy, of the 
 British army, said that the scenery before him was as familiar to him 
 as the scenery of his native place in Northumberland (in England) ; 
 it had come before him at the twilight and in his slumbers over and 
 over again, and added, * 1 know I am to die here.' The battle soon 
 commenced, and Captain Percy received a mortal wound. He was 
 taken to the meeting house, and died before night, in the presence of 
 Captain Ashton. The British the next day buried Colonel Gordon 
 and Captain Percy, of the English army, and Captain Stout (above 
 mentioned), of the American army, in one grave." 
 
 Gideon D. Scull, an American now residing in England, 
 writes from Rugby, February 5, 1880, saying there is no 
 foundation whatever in fact for the old popular belief that 
 Earl Percy, or some near relative of the name, was killed 
 at the battle of Brandywine, in support of which he gives 
 the following facts : 
 
 Earl Percy succeeded his father in 1786, but was summoned to 
 Parliament in 1777, as Baron Percy. He married, in 1764, Lady 
 Annie Stuart, third daughter of the Earl of Bute, by whom be had 
 no issue, and from whom he was divorced by act of Parliament in 
 1779. 
 
 In the register of Westminster Abbey the following entry duly at- 
 tests his burial there : 
 
 "1817. July 19. The most notable Hugh Percy.Hugh and Earl 
 of Northumberland, Earl and Baron Percy, Baron Lucy, Ac, Ac, 
 (died) at Northumberland House, Strand, July 1 0th, aged 75. (Bur- 
 ied) in Northumberland vault in St. Nicholas Chapel." 
 
 Earl Percy's father was Hugh Smithson, second son of Sir 
 Hugh, who was third baronet of Stanwick, county of York. Hugh 
 Smithson succeeded to his father's title and estates in 1749-50 
 and married Lady Elizabeth Seymour, whose father was Charles 
 Seymour, seventh Duke of Somerset (known as the proud Duke of 
 Somerset), and who was in 1749 created Earl of Northumberland, 
 he having married Lady Elizabeth Percy, only daughter of Joseline, 
 eleventh Earl Percy, who died in 1670, at the age of twenty- 
 six, without male issue. Sir Hugh Smithson assumed the name of 
 Percy, and was created in 1766 Earl of Percy and Duke of North- 
 umberland. He was succeeded by his second son in 1786, who died 
 in 1817, and was buried, as before mentioned, in AVestniinster Abbey. 
 
 A glance at the Percy pedigree in " Burke's Peerage" is sufficient 
 to convince any one that Earl Percy (of 1777) could not possibly have 
 had any male relatives of his name who could have been present at 
 the batile of Brandywine in 1777. There were, however, several 
 children of the duke's (Earl Percy's fiithor) who were recognized as 
 the illegitimate oflF?pring by different mothers, two of whom were 
 buried in Westminster Abbey, in the South Cross. They were named 
 Philadelphia and Dorothy Percy. The former died in 1791, and the 
 latter in 1794. 
 
 They had » half-brother, James Macie, who some years after as- 
 sumed his father's name of Smithson, and who died in fienoa, Italy, 
 in 1826, and is the same person who left his fortune, which was 
 large, to found the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, D. 0, 
 He commences his nill thus : "I, James Smithson, son of Hugh, first 
 Duke of Northumberland, and Elizabeth, heiress of the Hungerfords 
 of Audley, and niece of Charles, the Proud Duko of Somerset." So 
 that this James Smithson was well born both on bis father's and on 
 his mother's side. 
 
 The proud Duke of Somerset received this eobnquet on account 
 of his intolerable pride. After his wife's death he again married, 
 and it is recorded that on one occasion his new spouse, who was also 
 of high birth, placed her hand upon his shoulder. Thereupon he 
 drew himself up in a haughty manner and said, " Madam ! my first 
 wife was a Percy, and she never dared to take that liberty." He 
 was also fond of remarking that he really pitied Adam, " for he had 
 no ancestors !" 
 
 One feels inclined to think that there must have been some founda- 
 tion for the various statements and traditions current in the neigh- 
 borhood of the battle-field, and it is not at all improbable that an il- 
 legitimate son of the Duke of Northumberland was wounded and 
 died and was buried on the battle-ground ; but, supposing there was 
 such a one, his name need not necessarily be looked for among the 
 British list of dead under the nam3 of Percy or Smithson, for m<my 
 of different names claimed paternity of Earl Percy's father. 
 
 The following additional reminiscences are given by 
 Joseph Townsend, in a sketch of West Chester : 
 
 "On the 15th of September, 1777, when the British army was en- 
 camped at Birmingham, after their late battle there, and their con- 
 templated march to Philadelphia was daily expected; various con- 
 jectures were formed by the inhabitants as to their intended route, 
 especially by the military. On this account the American light- 
 horse were continually reconnoitring the different roads where they 
 were expected; certain accounts had arrived that they were making 
 the necessary preparations. One of the American troop of horse, 
 in the course of their reconnoitrings, arrived at the Turk's Head 
 tavern, and being much fatigued from being on duty and the want of 
 sleep, etc., concluded to regale themselves and hordes at the tavern. 
 
 " Prior to their engaging therein they determined that one of their 
 number should be stationed on the Wilmington road, on the eminence 
 south of the tavern, near the line of William Sharpless' land, which 
 was in full view of the tavern house, that in case of any alarm of the 
 approach of the enemy the signal'might be given immediately to bis 
 companions of the troop, which was to be effected by discharging one 
 of his pistols, in order that they might be in readiness to make their 
 escape, provided an attack should be made. 
 
 " This arrangement took place, and the troopers leisurely unsaddled 
 their horses, with their accoutrements, that they might cool and be in 
 readiness for the next excursion. This being done, they were enjoy- 
 ing themselves over some glasses of liquor and conjecturing where 
 the next night was to be spent, and to meet the emergencies that 
 might be required. Thus was their situation when one of them dis- 
 covered that the person who was stationed below was on full speed 
 towards the house, he having neglected to obey the order given him 
 by sounding the alarm. They were all at once thunier-struoki the 
 liquor was abandoned, and every one became their own hostler. Most 
 or all the horses were saddled in an instant, and they prepared for the 
 flight, except some of their cops were left behind. 
 
 "They were scarcely mounted before the Hessian light-horse 
 were in full view, with their long swords and cutlasses brandishing 
 in the air, making the most terrific and frightful appearance imagin- 
 able, like a set of heroes in an enemy's country with a prize in full 
 view before them. 
 
 " It appeared that the soldier placed as a sentryman to guard the 
 safety of his companions had sat on his horse during the time, in the 
 hot sun, and, for the want of sleep and otherways much fatigued, had 
 forgot himself, and continued in that situation until he was aroused 
 up by a little girl who was passing near him, with the information 
 that the Hessians were in sight. This she communicated to him in a 
 low voice, as she was afraid to stop, but hurried home with the news, 
 the dwelling-house being near at band. Tbb alarm was so sudden 
 and unexpected that he neglected to apprise his companions as di- 
 rected; self-preserviition was his great object. 
 
 " The retreat of the Americans and the pursuit of the enemy after 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 79 
 
 them was now commenced with great rapidity. The road leading to 
 the Great Valley was the course pursued. The former had no time to 
 look bock, but the best fellow was to be foremost, without paying any 
 regard to the military order in which they had been trained. The 
 latter pursued the chase with the greatest fury imaginable, and as 
 swift ^s their small horses could lay legs to the ground, and in ad- 
 dition thereto, to increase the fright, they issued the most tremen- 
 dous uproar by hallooing and shouting as far as their voices could 
 extend. 
 
 "The inhabitants on the road, not knowing the cause, became much 
 alarmed, especially the females, presuming that their final destruction 
 was at hand, as it had been a time of great commotion and disturb- 
 ance for several days previous. 
 
 " The chase continued until the parties reached the top of the hill 
 north of the dwelling-house belonging to John Hoopes, where there 
 was at that time an opening into a tract of woodland, into which the 
 Americans directed their course in various directions. This circum- 
 stance frustrated the designs of the enemy, and they were obliged to 
 return without making that conquest which they had contemplated, 
 and to join with those from whom they had separated, being an es- 
 cort from the British army to guard the wounded Americans from the 
 field of battle at Birmingham to the old school-house at the Turk's 
 Head, to be occupied for a hospital for them, which stood at the in- 
 tersection of the Valley and Brandywine roads, the spot since occu- 
 pied by the descendants of the late Caleb Brinton. 
 
 "On the 16th of the 9th month, 1777, as the British army was on 
 their march from their ground of encampment at Birmingham, where 
 they had lain from the 11th, after the battle at Brandywine, as they 
 passed by the Turk's Head tavern, on their way to the Swedes Ford 
 on Schuylkill, they were fired upon by a scouting-party of the 
 Americans, and two of their number were shot dead. Graves were 
 immediately opened inside of the garden-fence near the intersection 
 of the Philadelphia road, and their bodies deposited therein during 
 the time of their march, which was performed in about four hours in 
 the course of the forenoon, a tremendous rain taking place during the 
 time. 
 
 [Note. — The remains of those men above mentioned were dug up 
 in the summer of 1827, when cellars were preparing by John W. 
 Townscnd for his row of brick buildings.*] 
 
 "The old school-house at the intersection of the Valley and Bran- 
 dywine roads was occupied for a hospital for the accommodation of 
 the wounded Americans who had suffered in the late battle at Bran- 
 dywine; a number of whom died, and were buried in the open space 
 left for the use of the school-house on the north side of the road lead- 
 ing to Brandywine. "f 
 
 The following letter, written by the late Dr. William 
 Darlington, and published in 1845, contains much inter- 
 esting matter in relation to the battle of Brandywine. It was 
 addressed to Dr. A. L. Elwyn, of Philadelphia : 
 
 " West Chester, Nov. 29, 1845. 
 "Deae SiB,^When the British army landed at the Head of Elk, 
 the inhabitants of Wilmington supposed the enemy would march 
 through that place on their way to Philadelphia, and with a view to 
 preserve their property a number of merchants and others sent their 
 goods into Chester County, near the forks of the Brandywine, e-xactly 
 in the way of the depredations which they hoped to escape. A large 
 quantity of liquors was stored in the cellar of Emmor Jefieris, at 
 Jefi'eris' Ford, on the very route by which Sir William Howe and 
 Lord Cornwallis passed with the main division of the army. The 
 British soldiers ransacked the house, rolled the casks of liquor out of 
 the cellar, knocked in the heads of the vessels, and drank of the con- 
 tents until a great number of them became intoxicated. Sir William 
 Howe took Mr. Jelferis with him as a guide to conduct him towards 
 Birmingham Meeting-house. When they arrived lit Osborne's Hill, 
 in view of the meeting-house, the Americans were posted on the high 
 ground about a quarter of a mile south of that building, with some 
 
 « Where Thomas Pierce's drug-store and B. D. Haines' banking- 
 house now stands. 
 
 ■f- It is said in erecting the present iron fence inclosing the grounds 
 of Euth P. Johnson on Gay Street, a military button was picked up, 
 and perhaps preserved, by Samuel J. Parker, which, if so, is some 
 evidence of the correctness of this statement. 
 
 light companies thrown forward into the walled graveyard. The 
 British pushed steadily forward, until, after a short conflict, the 
 Americans gave way and retreated towards Dilworthtown, Sir Wil- 
 liam Howe in the mean time viewing the battle from Osborne's Hill. 
 After the retreat commenced, Howe moved on after the army, taking 
 Mr. Jefieris some distance with him. Mr. Jefferis used often to re- 
 late that when they approached the contending forces, the bullets 
 from the Americans whistled so sharply by him that he could not 
 refrain from dodging his head as they passed ; which Sir William ob- 
 serving, called out very encouragingly, 'Don't he a/raid, Mr. JeJferiSf 
 they wonH hurt you.' Mr. Jcfferis, however, took the earliest oppor- 
 tunity to quit the scene and return home. 
 
 "The late Col. McClellan, of this county, who was a captain in the 
 American army, pointed out to me the position which his company 
 occupied on the left wing of the line, when formed, south of Birming- 
 ham Meeting-house. It was on the eminence immediately south of 
 where the road turns at right angles to the east and west, about a 
 quarter of a mile south of the meeting-house [Note. — Where Mrs. Bid- 
 die's residence now stands]. He said when the British approached 
 them, a stout man whom he took to be a Scotchman, and who was 
 evidently under the influence of liquor, advanced recklessly and 
 placed himself behind a little mound, made by the root of a tree 
 which had been blown down. From this position, which was within 
 pistol-shot of McClellan's company, the British soldier fired, and 
 killed the sergeant, who was standing by Capt. McClellan's side. 
 This, of course, attracted McClellan's notice. The American cap- 
 tains at that time were armed with carbines j subsequently they car- 
 ried spontoons. Capt. McClellan, seeing his sergeant fall, and ob- 
 serving whence the fatal missile came, perceived that the man was 
 reloading his piece as he lay crouched behind the mound, and par- 
 tially protected by it, and determined to anticipate him. He dis- 
 charged his carbine with deliberate aim, and said he saw the soldier 
 roll over, evidently disabled, if not killed. 
 
 " The advance of the evening now caused an immediate retreat. 
 Col. McClellan told me the last he saw of Gen. Washington that day 
 was in the Wilmington road, about a mile below Dilworthtown. 
 The general finding some oflicers there during the retreat, rode up 
 and inquired if any of them were acquainted with the country be- 
 tween that place and Chester. Capt. McClellan, being a native of 
 the county (it was all Chester County at that time), replied in the 
 affirmative, whereupon Gen. Washington desired him to collect as 
 many of the dispersed soldiery as possible and rendezvous at Chester 
 the next morning. 
 
 " Gen. Washington's headquarters were at Benjamin Ring's tavern, 
 about three-quarters of a mile east of Chad's Ford. He was there, 
 and thereabout, all the forepart of the day of battle. When he as- 
 certained that the main body of the enemy were at Birmingham 
 Meeting-house and engaged with our troops, he was anxious to pro- 
 ceed thither by the shortest and speediest route. He found a resident 
 of the neighborhood, named Joseph Brown, and asked him to go as a 
 guide. Brown was an elderly man, and extremely loth to undertake 
 that duty. He made many excuses, but the occasion was too urgent 
 for ceremony. One of Washington's suite dismounted from a fine 
 charger, and told Brown if he did nut instantly get on his horse and 
 conduct the general by the nearest and best route to the place of ac- 
 tion he would run him through on the spot. Brown thereupon mounted, 
 and steered his course direct towards Birmingham Meeting-house 
 with all speed, the general and his attendants being close at his heels. 
 He said the horse leapt all the fences without ditficulty, and was fol- 
 lowed in like manner by the others. The head of Gen. Washington's 
 horse, he said, was constantly at the flank of the one on which he 
 was mounted; and the general was continually repeating to him, 
 ' I'ttek atony, old man—panh ulony, old man.' When they reached the 
 road, about half a mile west of Dilworthtown, Brown said the bullets 
 were flying so thick that he felt very uncomfortable ; and as Wash- 
 ington now no longer required nor paid attention to his guide, the 
 latter embraced the first oppoitunity to dismount and made his escape. 
 This anecdote I had from my father, who was well acquainted with 
 Brown, and had often heard him relate the adventure. 
 
 " Some light troops, belonging to the division which went with Howe 
 and Cornwallis to attack Washington's right flank, passed by the ford 
 where now is Wistar's bridge.f The Wistar farm was then owned by 
 John Brinton. lie was un eccentric, daring little man, and a furious 
 
 J Now known as Sager's bridge. 
 
80 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Whig, Eomewhat intemperate in his habits, and in the latter years of 
 hia life (when I knew him well) he was so extravagant in his deport- 
 ment when excited by liquor that he was commonly called ' Crazy 
 Johnny.' When the British companies aforesaid approached his 
 house, he greeted them with a hearty ' Hurrah for Oen. Wanhington !' 
 They immediately arrested him, and treated him very roughly'. They 
 threatened to kill him instantly if he did not hurrah for King George. 
 They prevailed, after some time, to make him say, ' Hurrah for King 
 George .'* but he immediately added — ' Washington .'' !Finding him ut- 
 terly unmanageable, they plundered his house and took him with 
 them as a prisoner to Philadelphia, where he was detained a long 
 time and treated with great severity. While the- British armed ships 
 'Roebuck' and 'Liverpool' were at anchor in the Delaware, there 
 was great excitement among the people, and some projects set on foot 
 to destroy them. And on one occasion this same 'Crazy Johnny' 
 shouldered his musket, went down to the river-shore, and, wading in 
 as far as he could towards the vessels, courageously delivered his fire, 
 and then marched back again. As long as he lived (which was some 
 thirty years afterwards) he always affected the costume of that day, 
 especially the old Revolutionary cocked hat. . . . 
 
 "Some three or four and twenty years ago I was dining with Mr. 
 Adams (John Quinoy Adams), then Secretary of State, and happened 
 to sit at table next to Gen. Samuel Smith, who so distinguished him- 
 self by the defense of Mud Fort, and was so long a representative and 
 senator in Congress from Maryland. The general was, as usual, in a 
 sociable, communicative humor, and, finding that I resided near the 
 Brandy wine battle-ground, he was pleased to entertain me with a par- 
 ticular account of his own experience on that eventful occasion. Gen. 
 Smith had command of a regiment that day, and told me, among other 
 details which have now escaped from memory, that during the confu- 
 sion of the retreat he somehow got entirely separated from his com- 
 mand, and, being unacquainted with the country, he was apprehensive 
 of falling in with the enemy. Feeling his situation to be forlorn and 
 perilous, he resolved to take vigorous measures to extricate himself. 
 He rode up to the house of a farmer, who was a Quaker, or Friend, 
 and told him he must conduct him (Smith) forthwith, and by a safe 
 route, to Chester. The Friend demurred and protested against the 
 undettaking. Col. Smith told him the ease admitted of no delay, and, 
 drawing a pistol, assured him he was a dead man if he did not get his 
 horse instantly and show the way to Chester. The Friend was alarmed, 
 and, exolaiming, 'What a dreadful man thou art!' went and saddled 
 his horse and prepared to set out. 'Now,' said Col. Smith, 'I have 
 not entire confidence in your fidelity, but I tell you explicitly, that if 
 you do not conduct me clear of the enemy, the moment I discover your 
 treachery I will blow your brains out.' The terrified farmer exclaimed^ 
 ' Why, thou art the most desperate man I ever did see !' The general 
 added that the Friend conducted him safely across the country to the 
 place of destination, and was dismissed with proper acknowledgments 
 for the favor. . . , 
 
 "Very respectfully, your most obedient, 
 
 " William Darlington." 
 Further incidents of the battle of Brandjfwine, by Dr. 
 Darlington : 
 
 When the commander-in-chief took post at Chad's Ford, 
 ... the widow of John Chads occupied the premises of 
 her late husband, and resided in the old stone house yet 
 standing a short distance northward from the ford. The 
 old lady had a relative, named Amos House, who then lived 
 with her and superintended the business of her farm. 
 Some fifty and odd years ago Mr. House related to the 
 compiler of these notes that on the morning of Sept. 11 
 1777, Gen. Washington, with a few attendants, rode up 
 into the field above Mrs. Chad's dwelling, and was engaged, 
 with the aid of glasses, in reconnoitring and endeavorini' 
 to ascertain the character and position of the hostile forces 
 on the hills west of the stream. While they were thus 
 engaged, Amos House and two or three others were led by 
 curiosity to approach and observe what was going ou. 
 Pretty soon, said Mr. House, some cannon-balls from the 
 enemy's artillery began to drop in the field quite near to 
 
 the company thus collected, when Gen. Washington re- 
 marked to the visitors, " Gentlemen, you perceive that we 
 are attracting the notice of the enemy. I think you had 
 better retire." The hint was respectfully and promptly 
 attended to. 
 
 Sir William Howe, with a large division of his army, 
 as heretofore stated, had moved early in the day from Ken- 
 net Square towards Trimble's Ford, on the west branch of 
 the Brandywine, and on his way impressed John Parker, 
 an estimable Quaker citizen, to conduct the troops by the 
 nearest and best route. to the said ford. 
 
 In the spring of 1822, during the session of the Seven- 
 teenth Congress, the compiler of these notes happened to 
 be passing an evening with some friends at the residence of 
 old Mountjoy Bayly, sergeant-at-arms of the United States 
 Senate. Mr. Bayly had been, captain of a company of 
 light troops from Maryland at the battle of Brandywine, 
 and learning that the compiler was raised on, and then 
 represented that classical ground, the veteran entertained 
 his visitors by detailing some of his personal observations 
 on that eventful occasion. Capt. Bayly said his company 
 was detached as a scouting-party on the day of the battle, 
 to obtain information and watch the movements of the 
 enemy. In traversing the hills on the west side of the 
 forks of the Brandywine he came to a comfortable farm- 
 house (afterwards known in the vicinage as " Brag Hill"), 
 the proprietor of which he soon learned was a namesake of 
 his own and a zealous loyalist. The hospitable old farmer 
 mistook the Maryland company for British, and greeted 
 them with a hearty welcome. He caused a generous lunch 
 to be produced for them, of which they freely partook, and 
 Mountjoy kept his aged host in pleasant conversation, with- 
 out in any way correcting his misapprehension. Having 
 got through with the entertainment, the advance of the 
 British column was seen approaching, when Capt. Bayly 
 concluded it was about time for his Marylanders to be 
 moving. He so stated to the hospitable old farmer, who 
 thereupon urged him to remain, assuring him that the ap- 
 proaching troops were certainly good friends. Capt. Bayly, 
 however, excused himself by alleging that the duty of his 
 company was to keep some distance ahead of the column ; and 
 so he speedily made his escape from a rather critical position. 
 The American line that day was hurriedly and rather 
 imperfectly formed on the slightly rising ground some 
 eighty or one hundred rods southeastward of the Birming- 
 ham meeting-house, and facing the same. The extreme 
 left of the line was at the spot where stands the rural cot- 
 tage of Mrs. Pepper [now of Mrs. Biddle], and the com- 
 pany of Capt. Joseph McClellan occupied that position. 
 The British forces advancing steadily and resolutely, the 
 Americans gave way under a destructive fire, and retired 
 towards Dilworlhtown, as far as Wistar's woods, where 
 they were rallied by the reserve, under Gen. Greene, 
 and made a brief but gallant stand, aided by the personal 
 efi'orts of Washington and Lafayette, who had just then 
 arrived from the vicinity of Chad's Ford. Capt. McClellan 
 stated that in his retreat across Bennett's field, immedi- 
 ately south of Wistar's woods, — a field strewn with 
 musket-balls for years after the war, — he saw Gen. La- 
 fayette in that field on horseback, and was very confident 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 81 
 
 the wound of the young Frenchman was there received 
 very soon afterward, probably while dismounted and aiding 
 to rally the retreating men. The general himself says, in 
 his « MSmoires," " La confusion devint extrlrae, et c'est 
 en ralliant les troupes que M. de Lafayette eut la jambe 
 travers^e d'une balle. A cette epoque, tout ce qui restait 
 plia. M. de Lafayette dut h, Gimat, son aide-de-camp, le 
 bonheur de remonter k cheval." 
 
 It was now the evening of the 11th of September, and 
 the invaders halted at old Dilworthtown, where they 
 remained, recruiting their energies and plundering the in- 
 habitants, until the morning of the 16th.. 
 
 In the afternoon of Sept. 11, 1777, about the time the 
 Americans had retired and left the invaders masters of the 
 Brandywine battle-ground. Sir William Erskine, quarter- 
 master-general of the British army, came, with some of his 
 companions, to the house of Edward Brinton, Esq., near 
 Dilworthtown, took possession of the parlor, and caused 
 his servant to produce some bottles of wine from his bag- 
 gage, when the company sat down, and had a jolly time 
 over their liquor. Edward Brinton was then an aged man, 
 had long held the commission of judge and justice of the 
 peace from George II., and was the respected ancestor of 
 many families now resident in Chester and Delaware Coun- 
 ties, and also in the great West. When the visitors had 
 thus regaled themselves after the fatigues of the day, Sir 
 William addressed the venerable squire, saying, " Well, 
 old gentleman, what do you think of these times ?" The 
 worthy patriarch of Birmingham replied, very frankly, 
 " Our people may have been a little rash sometimes, but I 
 do think the mother-country has treated us very badly." 
 " Indeed, sir," said Sir William, " I think so, too ; and 
 had. it not been for your Declaration of Independence, I 
 never would have drawn my sword in America." 
 
 While the British army was resting at Dilworthtown, 
 from the 11th to the 16th of September, 1777, the ofiScers 
 sent their servants round among the farmers of the vicinity 
 to collect poultry and other provender for their own tables. 
 These marauders regarded as lawful 'plunder everything 
 they could lay their hands upon and deemed worth carry- 
 ing away. The late John 3Iarshall, a venerable and intel- 
 ligent citizen of Goshen township, used to relate that at 
 the time of the Brandywine battle he was a lad of some 
 twelve years of age, and lived with Jacob Yearsley, of 
 Thornbury. Jacob was strongly suspected of being a 
 Whig ; the prowling British scouts therefore arrested him, 
 and took him to Dilworthtown, where, it is said, he was tried, 
 convicted, and would have been executed but for the in- 
 tercession of an old acquaintance, a certain Jacob James, 
 who joined the enemy with a company of Tory light- 
 horse, and soon became an active partisan oflBcer in His 
 Majesty's service. 
 
 TRADITIONS OP THE BATTLE OP BRANDYWINE, 
 AND RECOLLECTIONS OP THE LOCALITY.* 
 
 My grandfather was a Whig or patriot in feeling, but 
 he and his wife, being members of meeting, were non- 
 combatants of course. His awkward position subjected 
 
 * By M. Au'^, grandson of Moses and Mary (James) Mendcnball, 
 who lived on the west bank of the Brandywine. 
 11 
 
 them to be foraged upon and plundered by both armies. 
 While Washington's outposts were watching for the British 
 advance in Philadelphia, several officers, Gen. Smallwood 
 among the number, took up their quarters at their house, 
 remaining a short time. When the British troops ap- 
 peared, however, the American outposts were withdrawn ; 
 and as the American commander had thrown up breast- 
 works, or at least a battery of guns, on the hill back of 
 Chad's house, it was known by the people that a battle was 
 to be fought there ; so farmers hid away everything that 
 could be concealed. My grandmother was within a month 
 of her confinement, and she and the children were sent a 
 mile southwest of their home, to Benjamin Lindsay's (after- 
 wards Benjamin Taylor's) farm. The cured meat was hid- 
 den in a recess of the northeastern wall of the house, 
 while the men remained at home, awaiting the clash of 
 arms. My great-uncle, Isaac James, then but a stripling, 
 was plowing in the field nearest to the battle-ground, less 
 than half a mile from where Knyphausen's guns, as I sup- 
 pose, opened fire on Wayne's battery across the creek, 
 whereupon the young man incontinently ran to the house 
 to tell the news, leaving the horses hitched to the plow. 
 
 His timidity made little difierence, however, for when 
 both armies had left my grandfather had not a hoof left 
 on the place, and even his wagons were taken ; of course, 
 most of his losses were by the British, who gleaned the 
 ground last. 
 
 The 11th of September, 1777, was a very hot day, 
 as I have often heard my grandfather say, and great num- 
 bers of the Hessians fell while fording the creek in their 
 feints to assault and carry Wayne's position. The history 
 of the battle is well known : Knyphausen was only to 
 amuse Wayne with attempts at a permanent crossing until 
 late in the day, when Cornwallis should have turned Wash- 
 ington's right flank. Accordingly the Hessians had to 
 make attempts at crossing to keep up appearances, which 
 exposed them to Wayne's grape and canister at a quarter 
 of a mile range. Grandmother asserted that great numbers 
 were killed in the water, and many dropped down from ex- 
 cessive heat, and that the farmers for several days after- 
 wards were fishing dead bodies from the water, and burying 
 them and others left on the ground. 
 
 For a long time old people dated nearly everything by 
 " the battle of Brandywine," — it was the universal era 
 of the neighborhood. There was a current tradition that 
 a long and expensive mill-race, owned by William Twaddle, 
 below the battle-ground, was dug by soldiers while waiting 
 for the advance of the British, or by deserters from one or 
 both armies afterwards; and it was further current that 
 Twaddle, by some trick or device, did not fully compensate 
 them for their work. 
 
 ALMOST A DUEL ABOUT THE BATTLE.f 
 
 After the battle of Brandywine a portion of Gen. 
 Wayne's division retreated across the Valley hill, and en- 
 camped in the evening in the meadow on Christian Hench's 
 farm. Mr. Hench, who was a strong Whig, told the sol- 
 diers they were welcome to take whatever they wanted. So 
 
 t By W. D. Hartman. 
 
82 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 soon as their tents were pitched and their camp-fires lighted 
 from the fences in the vicinity, forty head of fat bullocks 
 were driven into the barnyard, and the slaughtering con- 
 tinued until a sufficient number were secured to supply 
 their wants. So soon as the skin was taken off a slaugh- 
 tered animal many of the soldiers, who were shoeless and 
 their feet sore and bleeding, gathered around, and, placing 
 their feet on the flesh side of the skin, and doubling it 
 around their foot in the form of a shoe, secured it with 
 thongs cut from the same. A large peacli-orchard adjoin- 
 ing the camp was stripped of its fruit, and the next morn- 
 ing every soldier had a knapsack full of peaches. My 
 grandmother was wont to relate that her mother, Mrs. 
 Hench, was occupied in her dough-tray kneading and bak- 
 ing bread for the officers from the time the army pitched 
 their tents in the evening until the next morning at day- 
 break. Observing some commotion among the officers 
 about the house the next morning, she found upon inquiry 
 that two wounded officers who occupied separate beds in 
 one of her rooms were about to fight a duel sitting up in 
 bed, and their waiters were down-stairs cleaning and load- 
 ing their pistols for the fray. She soon settled the quarrel 
 by taking the pistols from the waiters, and, going to the 
 officers' room, gave them a lecture, ending with the declara- 
 tion that she would not permit such conduct in her house. 
 The quarrel arose from a dispute in reference to the battle 
 of Brandywine a few days previous. Before they left 
 Mrs. Hench succeeded in restoring friendship between 
 them. After breakfast was over a troop of cavalry gal- 
 loped into camp, and immediately tents were struck, and in 
 a short time the army was on the,march, and no halt was 
 made until the Schuylkill River was placed between them 
 and the British. After the departure of Wayne's troops, 
 Mr. Hench, supposing that, in consequence of his having 
 entertained the army, the British and Tories might be in- 
 duced to wreak their vengeance upon him, decided to leave 
 home. Collecting his goods, and loading them on a four- 
 horse wagon, and driving his stock before him, he with his 
 family followed the army into the forest some miles, where 
 they remained encamped for several days. Previous to 
 leaving home Mr. Hench took his gold and silver and, 
 placing it in a milk-pot, buried it in one corner of the cellar ; 
 calling only my grandmother to witness the deposit, and 
 telling her if all should lose their lives she, being the 
 youngest of the family, might be spared, and she should 
 remember where the treasure was hidden. About ten days 
 after leaving home, hearing that the British army had gone 
 to Philadelphia, they returned home, finding everything as 
 they had left it saving the destruction of the fences around 
 the buildings by the army. 
 
 MOVEMENTS OP TSE ARMIES IN CHESTER 
 COUNTY AFTER THE BATTLE OF BRANDY- 
 WINE. 
 
 A considerable part of the British army remained from 
 the 11th to the morning of the 16th of September in the 
 neighborhood of the battle-field, the chief portion lying 
 encamped about .Dilworthtown, and south of it, on the 
 properties then owned by Charles Dilworth and George 
 Brinton. Gen. Howe had his headquarters at a house 
 
 near by, still standing, and owned by Elias Baker. During 
 this time they had a cattle-pen near Chad's Ford, where 
 they collected and slaughtered large numbers of cattle and 
 other animals, and preserved them for the use of the army. 
 Nearly all the live stock in the country for a considerable 
 distance around was taken from the inhabitants. In some 
 instances payment was made in British gold, but generally 
 no compensation whatever was given. The day after the 
 battle a detachment of the army under Maj.-Gen. Grant 
 marched to Concord Meeting-house, where it was joined on 
 the 13th by Lord Cornwallis with some light infantry and 
 British grenadiers. From this point they moved to Village 
 Green, a short distance from Chester, and there encamped, 
 leaving a detachment at Concord to guard the wounded 
 left in the meeting-house, and sending another to Wilming- 
 ton, where there were some wounded. The next day after 
 the battle Washington retreated by way of Chester to 
 Philadelphia, and in a few days Howe continued his course 
 through Chester County towards the Schuylkill, with the 
 intention of effecting an entrance, if possible, into that city. 
 
 As it was deemed important to save the city from falling 
 into their hands, Washington resolved to risk another en- 
 gagement; for, although the battle of Brandywine had 
 resulted unfavorably to the American army, it was con- 
 sidered that the British had there gained little more than 
 the battle-field, and the ardor of the troops was unabated. 
 
 At that time one of the principal crossing-places of the 
 Schuylkill was at Swedes' Ford, near the present southern 
 limits of Bridgeport and Norristown, and as the British 
 could not well cross lower down, on account of the depth of 
 the water, it was expected they would make the attempt to 
 force a passage at that point or higher up the stream. 
 
 On the 15th of September Washington left his camp at 
 Germantown, and with the main body of his army crossed 
 the Schuylkill, and marched up the Lancaster road, with the 
 intention of meeting the enemy and again giving battle. 
 He proceeded to a point near the junction of the Lancaster 
 and Swedes' Ford road, in East Whiteland township, 
 northwest of the Admiral Warren tavern, and encamped 
 his forces between that point and the White Horse tavern, 
 having his headquarters at the residence of Joseph Malin, 
 now belonging to Benjamin Carruthers. 
 
 The British commander, having received intelligence that 
 Washington was advancing upon the Lancaster road, re- 
 solved to attack him. The portion of his army which had 
 been encamped in the neighborhood of Village Green — 
 then known as the " Seven Stars" — left that point, under 
 the command of Cornwallis, on the 16th of September, and 
 proceeded northward towards the Great Valley by what is 
 known as the Chester road, by way of the present villages 
 of Glen Riddle, Lima, and Howellville, and by Rocky Hill 
 and Goshen Friends' Meeting-house. 
 
 On the morning of the 16th Washington received in- 
 formation that the enemy were approaching by the way of 
 Goshen Meeting-house, and were already in the neighbor- ' 
 hood of that place. 
 
 The two armies moved to positions between the White 
 Horse and Goshen Meeting-house, on the high ground 
 south of the valley, and both commanders commenced mak- 
 ing preparations for action. Some detachments were made 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 83 
 
 by the Americans to reinforce the advanced guard and 
 keep the enemy in check until the army should be properly 
 arrayed. To Gen. Wayne was assigned the duty of leading 
 the advance and opening the battle. Skirmishing began 
 between the advance of the forces under Wayne and the 
 light infantry at the head of Lord Cornwallis' column, and 
 a sanguinary battle would probably have been fought, but a 
 rain-storm of great violence stopped its progress. A con- 
 sultation was had as to whether the British should be 
 received on the ground then occupied by our troops, or 
 whether they should retire beyond the Great Valley, which 
 was in the rear, and in which the ground was said to be 
 wet, and where, in case of a defeat, the artillery would cer- 
 tainly be lost. Washington accordingly, afler consultation, 
 gave the order to move, and the American forces retired, 
 and formed on the high ground in the Great Valley, east 
 of the White Horse, and north of the old Lancaster road, 
 and there remained until about four o'clock in the afternoon, 
 awaiting the advance of the British army. 
 
 Col. Timothy Pickering, adjutant-general of the Ameri- 
 can army, gives the following account of these movements : 
 
 "On the 11th of September, 1777, the battle of Brandywine took 
 place. After carrying General Washington's orders to a general officer 
 at Chadsford, 1 repaired to the right, where the battle commenced, and 
 remained by the general's side to its termination at the close of the 
 day. Orders were given for the troops to rendezvous at Chester, 
 whence they marched the next day to the neighborhood of Philadel- 
 phia. When refreshed and supplied with ammunition the army again 
 crossed the Schuylkill River, and advanced to meet General Howe. 
 On the 16th of September, in the morning, information was received 
 of the approach of the enemy. Some detachments were made to re- 
 inforce the advanced guards and keep the enemy in cheek until the 
 American army should be arrayed for action. General Washington 
 ordered me to the right wing, to aid in forming the order of battle. 
 On my return to the centre I found the line not formed. Seeing the 
 commander-in-chief with a number of officers about him, as in con- 
 sultation, I pressed my horse up to learn the object. It was a ques- 
 tion whether we should receive the British on the ground then occu- 
 pied by our troops, or retire beyond a valley in their rear, in which 
 the ground was said to be wet and impassable with artillery, which, 
 in case of a defeat, would of course be lost, except that with the left 
 Tfing, commanded by General Greene, through which there was a firm 
 road. By this time the fire of the troops engaged appeared to be 
 drawin" near. At this movement, the consultation yet continuing, I 
 addressed General Washington. ' Sir (said I), the advancing of the 
 British is manifest by the reports of the musketry. The order of the 
 battle is not completed. If we are to fight the enemy on this ground, 
 the troops ought to be immediately arranged. If we are to take the 
 high grounds on the other side of the valley, we ought to march im- 
 mediately, or the enemy may fall upon us in the midst of our move- 
 ment.' ' Let us move,' was the general's answer. The movement took 
 place. It had begun to rain. The British army halted. Oars formed 
 on the high ground beyond the valley, and there remained during a 
 very rainy day." 
 
 The point where the skirmishing took place was on the 
 high ground about one mile and a half north of Goshen 
 Meeting-house, and a half a mile or more a little west of 
 south of the old " Three Tuns" tavern, on the property 
 then of Thomas Rees, now belonging- to the heirs of John 
 Parry, deceased, in the northeastern part of East Goshen 
 township. Twelve American soldiers were killed in the 
 conflict and buried there. A few were also wounded, and 
 some prisoners were taken by the British. 
 
 The British forces which had remained encamped near 
 the field of battle at Birmingham and Chad's Ford, at the 
 same time that Cornwallis moved northward from the Seven 
 
 Stars towards the Great Valley by the Chester road, pro- 
 ceeded, under Knyphausen, by way of the Turk's Head, 
 now West Chester, towards the same point, with the view 
 of joining the forces under Cornwallis. A part of this 
 division, under Brig.-Gen. Matthews, proceeded from the 
 Turk's Head northward by the Reading road to the Indian 
 King tavern. From thence they passed across the farm of 
 David Dunwoody, then occupied partly by himself and partly 
 by his son, James Dunwoody, and encamped on the north- 
 east part of it, near the Ship road, and overlooking the val- 
 ley. It was raining heavily, and they at once took measures 
 to protect themselves from the inclemency of the weather. 
 The Hessian line, under the command of Count Donop, 
 took the road leading from the Turk's Head to the Boot 
 tavern, and from thence northward towards the Ship tavern. 
 When they reached the South Valley Hill, on the farm of 
 Daniel Meredith, now owned and occupied by his grandson, 
 Isaac Meredith, and were near to his residence, they en- 
 countered a detachment of the Americans, and a spirited 
 skirmish took place, in which a few were killed on both 
 sides and a considerable number wounded, and some pris- 
 oners were taken by the Hessians. The killed were buried 
 near to the dwelling of Daniel Meredith, and the wounded 
 taken to the house of Daniel Thompson, a short distance 
 north of Meredith's, which was used as a hospital. The 
 house, now torn down, stood immediately in front of the 
 site of the present new house on the Ship road, belonging 
 to Rev. Samuel L. Tennis. This engagement, which was 
 interrupted by the rain, took place about the same time as 
 that with the forces of Cornwallis near the Three Tuns 
 tavern, already referred to. The points are about three 
 miles distant from each other. Bullets and other relics of 
 the war have frequently since been found on the sites 
 of both of these engagements. 
 
 The Americans left the White Horse about four o'clock 
 in the afternoon of the 16th, and retired northward to the 
 Yellow Springs, about five miles distant, where they arrived 
 in the night. The division of Wayne encamped on the 
 farm of Christian Hench, now partly owned by Joseph 
 J. Tustin. An inspection disclosing the alarming fact that 
 the army was not in a condition to engage in a conflict, in 
 consequence of their ammunition having been greatly 
 damaged by the rain, and that scarcely a musket in a regi- 
 ment could be discharged, the march was continued the 
 next day to Warwick Furnace, on the south branch of 
 French Creek, in the northern part of Chester County, 
 where there was an ordnance depot and some stores for the 
 use of the army, from whence a fresh supply of arms and 
 ammunition was obtained. 
 
 The storm lasted some time, the division of the British 
 army under Cornwallis being encamped during its continu- 
 ance along the South Valley Hill, south and west of the 
 Three Tuns tavern, that portion of the division of Knyp- 
 hausen under Gen. Matthews on the farm of David Dun- 
 woody, and the Hessian line, under Count Donop, on the 
 farm of John Bull, south of the present residence of George 
 W. Jacobs. Other forces lay at the Boot tavern, and north 
 of it.* The headquarters of Gen. Howe were at the Boot 
 
 «• The British forces, during this storm, burned and destroyed large 
 numbers of fence-rails on the properties where they encamped and- 
 
84 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTr, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 tavern, then kept by John Bowen, and of Lord Cornwallis, 
 during a part of the time, at the house of George Hoopes, 
 now owned by his descendant, George Hoopes, of West 
 Chester, a short distance north of Goshen Meetinghouse, 
 and afterwards at the house of Daniel Durborow, now owned 
 by Francis S. Fiss, about one mile west of the Three Tuns, 
 or what is now known as the King road. All these houses 
 are still standing. 
 
 On the evening of the 17th Cornwallis, with his division, 
 advanced to the old Lancaster road, in the Great Valley, 
 and took post about two miles distant from Knyphausen. 
 On the 18th the division under Knyphausen advanced on 
 the Ship road northward to the Lancaster road, and thence 
 eastward to the White Jlorse, where they joined the forces 
 under Cornwallis on the same day, and the entire army 
 moved down the Lancaster and Swedes' Ford road into 
 Tredyffrin township, and encamped on the south side of 
 the Swedes' Ford road, at the present village of Howell- 
 ville, and between that and the village of Centreville. 
 Gen. Howe, the commander-in-chief, had his headquarters 
 at the residence of Samuel Jones, now belonging to Frank- 
 lin Latch, a short distance west of Centreville, and Lord 
 Cornwallis at that of Abel Reese, now late of Mrs. Reese, 
 near the bridge at the crossing of the Swedes' Ford road 
 and Chester Valley Railroad. The quarters of Gen. Knyp- 
 hausen were east of Gen. Howe's, and of Gens. Agnew and 
 Grey, near Howellville. 
 
 From French Creek Gen. Wayne, on the 17th, was de- 
 tached, with his division, amounting to about fifteen hundred 
 men and four field-pieces, to join Gen. Smallwood, who had 
 command of the Maryland militia, and was then in the rear 
 of the British army. Wayne was ordered to harass and 
 annoy the enemy, and to seize every occasion which might 
 offer to engage him with advantage, and to endeavor to cut 
 off the baggage-train, and by this means to arrest his march 
 towards the Schuylkill until the Americans could cross the 
 river higher up and pass down on the east side and inter- 
 cept the passage of the river by the British. 
 
 Gen. Wayne proceeded to the duty assigned him, and on 
 the 18th of September encamped about three hundred yards 
 a little north of east of the present Paoli monument, on 
 land now belonging to Hannah G. Griffith, and which was 
 about four miles in the rear of the enemy, distant from any 
 leading road, and securely concealed, as he believed, from 
 the knowledge of Howe. He established his headquarters 
 at the house of a man named King, now of Robert Hutch- 
 inson, on the east side of what is now called the Sugartown 
 road, and a short distance south of the gate by which the 
 monument grounds are entered from that road.* 
 
 those adjoining. After the close of the war returns were made to the 
 County Commissioners, in pursuance of an act of Assembly, passed 
 Sept. 21, 1782, of damages and losses sustained from the troops and 
 adherents of the king of Great Britain during the war, from which 
 we learn that David Dunwoody reported, among other things, the loss 
 of 8500 rails; Daniel Thompson, 8800; Thomas Lewis, 8000; Thomas 
 Bees, 9000 ; John Bowen, 9000 ; Thomas Harris, 2300, and many other 
 considerable numbers. Samuel Jefferis, who owned the property late 
 of Samuel R. Kirk, near Kirkland Station, on the West Chester Rail- 
 road, who made no report, lost about ten thousand rails, and his farm 
 lay unfeneed for many years thereafter. 
 
 « Wayne was no doubt especially chosen for this service, as his home 
 was in the neighborhood, and he was well acquainted with the locality. 
 
 On the 19th of September Gen. Wayne watched the 
 movements of the enemy as far as was practicable, with the 
 view of attacking them should they attempt to move. On 
 the morning of that day, on the enemy's beating the re- 
 veille, he ordered his troops under arms, and took up the 
 line of march for their left flank, and proceeded to within 
 half a mile of their encampment, but found they had not 
 stirred, and lay too compact to admit of an attack with 
 prudence. In a letter to the commander-in-chief, written 
 at Paoli after ten o'clock a.m., he stated that the enemy 
 would probably attempt to move towards evening. They 
 did not move, however, but on the 20th he received what 
 he believed was reliable information, that the British com- 
 mander would take up his line of march for the Schuylkill 
 at two o'clock on the following morning, and he sent Col. 
 Chambers as a guide to Gen. Smallwood, then near the 
 White Horse, to conduct him to the place of encampment. 
 When the junction with his forces should be effected, it 
 was his design to advance upon the British rear and attack 
 it while in the operation of moving. He had already re- 
 connoitred a road leading along their right flank, and had 
 determined on his plan of operation. To be in readiness 
 for this purpose, he directed his men to lie on their arms, 
 and, as it was raining, to protect their cartridge-boxes with 
 their coats ; and that no time might be lost after the ar- 
 rival of Gen. Smallwood, he had his own horse brought out, 
 saddled and bolstered, ready for mounting, and his cloak 
 thrown over his horse to preserve his accoutrements from 
 injury from the inclemency of the weather. 
 
 He had carefully guarded himself against surprise, planted 
 pickets and sentinels, and thrown forward patrols upon the 
 roads leading to the enemy's camp. Between nine and ten 
 o'clock he received a visit from a friendly citizen of the 
 neighborhood, a Mr. Jones, who had come to his quar- 
 ters to give information that a servant of Mr. Clayton, who 
 had been taken by the enemy and aflerwards liberated, had 
 said that he had overheard some of the British soldiers speak- 
 ing of an attack to be made upon Wayne's detachment dur- 
 ing the course of the night. Gen. Wayne thought proper, 
 in consequence, to take some additional precautions. He 
 dispatched a number of videttes, with orders to patrol all 
 the roads leading to Howe's camp. He planted new pick- 
 ets, one on a by-path leading froin the Warren tavern to 
 the camp, and others to the right and in the rear. In 
 addition to these, a horse-picket was well advanced upon 
 the Swedes' Ford road ; and having taken these precau- 
 tions, he lay in momentary expectation of Gen. Smallwood's 
 arrival, to enable him to take the offensive. 
 
 Although the British commander did not know where 
 the forces under Gen. Wayne lay, there were Tories residing 
 in the neighborhood who did, and by these he was informed 
 of the precise locality, and of the nature of the approaches 
 to it. He at once sent Gen. Grey to surprise and cut him 
 off, a service of a dangerous character, as Wayne's corps 
 was, known for its stubborn and desperate conduct in fight. 
 Col. Musgrave, with the Fortieth and Fifty-fifth Regiments, 
 was moved up to the Lancaster road, near the Paoli tav- 
 ern, to be in a position to aid Gen. Grey if necessary, and 
 to intercept any attempt by Wayne's forces to retreat over 
 that route. The watchword of the Americans for that 
 
■ ? 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 85 
 
 night was " Here we are and there they go,'' and this, the 
 tradition of the neighborhood says, through some treachery, 
 was communicated to the enemy. 
 
 Gen. Grey, guided by his Tory aids,* as is generally be- 
 lieved, marched from his encampment near Howellville up 
 the Swedes' Ford road, and massed his troops on that 
 road, as near the camp of Wayne as possible without be- 
 traying a knowledge of his approach. From there he 
 moved on up the road to what is now known as the " Valley 
 Store," at the crossing of the Swedes' Ford and Long Ford 
 roads, north of the Admiral Warren. At this point there 
 was an American picket, who fired and escaped. Tradition 
 says the British made use of the American watchword, but 
 the picket discovered they were not Americans and fired. 
 Gen. Grey then proceeded south on the Long Ford road 
 to near the Admiral Warren, where they encountered an- 
 other picket, who also fired and escaped ; from there he 
 cautiously moved through the woods and up the ravine 
 through the South Valley Hill, north of this point, and near 
 to the present Malvern Station on the Pennsylyania Rail- 
 road. 
 
 The first intelligence Gen. Wayne received of the 
 enemy's advance was from one of the videttes whom he 
 had sent out in consequence of the notice received from 
 Mr. Jones. Several pickets had been silently bayonetted 
 in the darkness, and being missed by the patroling oflScer, 
 his suspicions were aroused, and he hastened to the head- 
 quarters of his commander with the information. The 
 troops were immediately ordered under arms, and many of 
 them were awakened from their slumbers by the cry, " Up, 
 men, the British are on you !" The night was dark, and, 
 being rendered more obscure by the surrounding wood- 
 land, much had to be left to conjecture as to the point of 
 attack. 
 
 Having ascertained, however, that the enemy were advanc- 
 ing upon his right, where the artillery was placed, Wayne 
 directed Col. Humpton, his second in command, to wheel 
 the division by sub-platoons to the right, and to march off 
 by the left, and gain the road leading on the summit of the 
 hill towards the White Horse, being the road on which the 
 division had marched two miles the previous evening. The 
 division wheeled accordingly, and the artillery moved off; 
 but, owing to some misapprehension, as is alleged, on the 
 part of Col. Humpton, the troops did not move, although 
 they were wheeled and faced for the purpose, until the 
 second and third order had been issued. In addition to 
 this, only part of the force took the right direction, while 
 the other part took a wrong one, and were brought within 
 
 » The Admiral Warren tavern was at that time kept by one Peter 
 Mather, and tradition has always charged him with having been ac- 
 tive in piloting Gen. Grey on the night of the massacre. His sym- 
 pathy was doubtless with the British, but there is reason to question 
 the truth of the tradition. He denied it himself, and his daughter, at 
 the age of eighty years, stated to a friend that she was eight years of 
 age at the time, that her father was at home on that night, that the 
 British, in their march to surprise Wayne, came to the house and urged 
 her father to pilot them, but that he positively refused and did not go, 
 and she added that it was a dreadful night to them. As somewhat 
 corroborative of this, it may be stated that several letters of British 
 officers concerning the surprise speak of having compelled a black- 
 smith residing close to the Warren tavern to give them information 
 and to accompany them, but make no mention of Mather. 
 
 the light of their fires, and thus gave the enemy an advan- 
 tage which should have been most assiduously guarded 
 against. Gen. Wayne took the light infantry and First 
 Regiment, and formed them on the right, with a view to 
 receive the enemy and cover the retreat of the artil- 
 lery. 
 
 Gen. Grey,"!" whose forces consisted of two regiments, — 
 the Forty-second and Forty-fourth, — the Second Battalion 
 of light infantry, and the Second and Tenth Dragoons, was 
 enabled, in consequence of the darkness, and aided by the 
 knowledge of his Tory guides, to approach very closely 
 withou^ observation. He gained Wayne's left about one 
 o'clock in the morning. The troops under Wayne met the 
 enemy with spirit, and gave them several close and well- 
 directed fires, which did considerable execution. They 
 were, however, soon obliged to give way before the superior 
 numbers of the assailants. Seeing this. Gen. Wfiyne im- 
 mediately flew to the Fourth Regiment, with which he again 
 received the shock of the enemy's charge, and covered.the 
 retreat of the rest of his line. After being again com- 
 pelled to retire, he rallied such of Col. Humpton's troops as 
 had taken the proper course in their retreat, about three 
 hundred yards in the rear of the last stand, where they 
 were again formed ready to renew the conflict. Both par- 
 ties, however, drew off without further contest, and Wayne 
 retreated to the White Horse, carrying with him his ar- 
 tillery and ammunition, except eight wagons loaded with 
 baggage and stores, which, with a considerable amount of 
 arms, were left upon the field, and fell into the hands of 
 the enemy. 
 
 The British forces amounted to nearly double the num- 
 ber commanded by Wayne. Gen. Howe had received from 
 disaffected persons such accurate accounts of the strength 
 and position of the American forces as enabled him to give 
 to his own detachment so decided a superiority as to insure 
 victory. He knew from his guides the precise point where 
 to make the attack, and was enabled to move with decision 
 and accuracy, while Wayne was under the necessity of 
 acting, in a great measure, from conjecture. 
 
 The British attack was made with bayonets and light 
 horsemen's swords only, in a most ferocious and merciless 
 spirit. In emulation of a remarkable action which took 
 place in the German war, Grey ordered his men to remove 
 the flints from their guns, that not a single shot should be 
 fired, and thus gained the sobriquet of the " No-flint gen- 
 eral." 
 
 Even the wounded and sick were not spared, and many 
 were killed after resistance on their part had ceased. It 
 is this feature in the conduct of the British commander 
 which has stigmatized it as " British barbarity" and " cold- 
 
 f Winthrop Sargent, in his " Life of Maj. John Andrfi," states that 
 Andr6 was an aide to Grey at Paoli. He had been appointed on his 
 staff early in the summer of 1777, and was with him at the battle of 
 Brandy wine ; but on that occasion Grey's brigade, which formed part 
 of the column of Cornwallis, was not called into action. Its char- 
 acter was so high that it was preserved intact as a recourse in case 
 Knyphausen failed. Maj. Andr6 had been a prisoner of wjir on 
 parole from November, 1776, until January, 1777, spending his time 
 at Lancaster, Carlisle, and Reading, and during this period had fre- 
 quently traveled the Lancaster road, and was therefore doubtless of 
 service to Grey on the night in question. 
 
86 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 blooded cruelty," and has given to this affair the title of 
 the Paoli massacre.* 
 
 When the attack commenced, Gen. Smallwood, with 
 about eleven hundred and fifty Maryland militia, and Col. 
 Gist, with seven hundred men, were within a short distance 
 of Wayne, whom they were hastening to join. Had they 
 commanded soldiers of sufiScient firmness, their sudden ar- 
 rival might have greatly embarrassed the British general, 
 and even given a different turn to the affair. The raw 
 militia commanded by them became, however, excessively 
 alarmed, and could not be brought to face the enemy thus 
 unexpectedly encountered ; and the advance having fallen 
 in with a small party of the enemy who were returning from 
 the pursuit, they fled in confusion, with the loss of one 
 man only, and Gen. Smallwood, with the remainder of his 
 Romans, agreeably to the orders of Wayne, joined him at 
 the White Horse.f 
 
 The loss of the Americans was about one hundred and 
 fifty killed and wounded. The British reported their loss 
 as eight killed, but the opinion of the neighborhood at the 
 time was strongly against the veracity of this report, as 
 many litters were seen to pass that night towards the Brit- 
 ish camp, and it is well known that they manifested extreme 
 jealousy with regard to the discovery of the extent to which 
 they suffered.^ 
 
 The next morning the scene of the conflict was visited 
 by the people of the neighborhood, one of whom was Joseph 
 Cox, and the sufferings of the wounded were alleviated as 
 far as circumstances would permit. It had rained heavily 
 the night before, and to assuage their thirst the water was 
 dipped up with leaves, and with the broad brims of their 
 hats, from the pools which had formed, and given to the 
 men. Fifty-three mangled dead were found upon the 
 
 * In Lossing'a " Field-Book of the Revolulion," vol. ii. p. 164, 1860, 
 the following is given: "A Hessian sergeant, hoasting of the exploits 
 of that night, exclaimed, 'What a running about barefoot and half- 
 clothed, and in the light of their own fires ! These showed us where 
 to chase them, while they could not see us. We killed three hundred 
 of the rebels- with the bayonet. I stuck them myself like su many 
 pigs, one after another, until the blood ran out of the touch- hole of 
 my musket.' " 
 
 •f Copr/ of a Memorandum in the handwriling of Gapt. Thomas Biichnn- 
 aji, of First Pennsylvania Regiment. 
 
 " At the affair of the Paoli, in the fall of 1777, 1 was sent forward to 
 Qeu. Smallwood, that lay at the White Horse, to get him to cover our 
 retreat and fix a place of rendezvous, etc. He sent me forward to 
 try to stop as many of his broken troops that had taken the road to 
 Downingtown. On coming near to there I found where some of his 
 artillery had thrown a field-piece into a lime-kiln, and had broken the 
 carriage. I went on to Downingtown, and fixed a guard on the road 
 to stop the runaways; got a wheeler and blacksmith to mend the car- 
 riage, and went down and put the cannon on the onrriage, etc." 
 
 X " Lieut. Samuel Brady, of Bufi'alo Valley, now in Union Co., Pa., 
 belonged to Capt. ,John Doyle's company of Independent Rifles, then 
 attached to the Sixth Pennsylvania, in AVayne's brigade, and was 
 with him at Paoli. Brady was on guard, and laid down with his 
 blanket buckled around him. The British were pearly on them be- 
 fore the sentinel fired. Brady ran, and as he jumped a fence a soldier 
 struck at him with a musket and pinned his blanket to a rail. He 
 tore the blanket and dashed on. A horseman overtook him and or- 
 dered him to stop. He wheeled and shot the horseman dead, and got 
 into a small swamp, supposing no one in but himself. In the morn- 
 ing he found fifty-five men in it, of whom he took command and con- 
 ducted to camp."— //om John D. Linns Annals of Buffalo Valley 
 Pa. •'' 
 
 field, and decently interred by the farmers in one grave, 
 immediately adjoining the scene of action, on the spot now 
 marked by a monument. While they were engaged in the 
 act of burying the dead a number of British officers rode 
 up and viewed the grounds, but did not interfere with 
 them. About two weeks thereafter the body of another 
 dead soldier was found in the woods and buried where it 
 lay. 
 
 Among those killed was Major Marion Lamar, of (now) 
 Centre County, who. fell in the midst of the British in the 
 retreat. His last words were, " Halt, boys, give these as- 
 sassins one fire!" He was instantly cut down by the 
 enemy. In honor of this martyr in 'the cause of his coun- 
 try a township in Centre County, erected in 1817, was given 
 his name. Dr. Christian Eeinick, of Lancaster, surgeon's 
 mate of the First Pennsylvania, was also killed. § 
 
 The unfortupate affair soon became the subject of animad- 
 version in the army, instigated, it was said, by those who 
 were envious of Wayne's rising reputation, and in conse^ 
 quence he at once requested an inquiry into his conduct. 
 This request was granted, and soon after the buttle of Ger- 
 mantown a court-martial was convened. The charge, which 
 was preferred by Col. Humpton, was that Gen. Wayne 
 " had timely notice of the enemy's intention to attack the 
 troops under his command on the night of the 20th of Sep- 
 tember, and, notwithstanding that intelligence, he neglected 
 m'aking a disposition until it was too late either to annoy 
 the enemy or make a retreat without the utmost danger 
 and confusion.'' Gen. Wayne made a written answer to 
 this charge against him, and after a full investigation the 
 court unanimously acquitted him of the charge, and further 
 declared that he had done everything that could be ex- 
 pected from an active, brave, and vigilant officer under the 
 orders which he then had, and they further added, " The 
 court do acquit him with the highest honor." 
 
 The attack upon Wayne's forces and their consequent 
 retreat frustrated the contemplated operations against the 
 right wing and rear of the enemy, and enabled Howe to 
 move without being molested. On the morning of the 21st 
 of September he resumed his march, and, in pursuance of his 
 
 2 Dr. R. C. Smedley, b»rn and reared in the neighborhood, relates 
 the following traditione : " On the night of the massacre, while the 
 slaughter was going on, the family of Joseph Cox, living near by, on 
 the property now owned by Wm. G. Cox, on the State road, were 
 aroused by a man outside calling to them. The battle of Brandywine 
 having occurred but a short time before, and the family knowing that 
 soldiers were in the neighborhood, had been living in a state of ap- 
 prehc(D«ion and excitement, and were easily awakened. Joseph imme- 
 diately arose, hoisted the window, and asked, 'Who is there?' 'For 
 God's sake get up; we're all routed,' replied the man. 'Don't you 
 hear them ?' At this every member of the family was soon at the 
 windows listening to the work of carnage. There was borne to them 
 distinctly on that midnight air the sounds of the British as they 
 rushed through the camp in their demon-like madness and murder- 
 ous intent, crying out with vociferous yell the Americans' watchword, 
 of that night, 'Here we are and there they go,' the cracking of, 
 leaves and bushes as men rushed through them, and the groans of the 
 wounded as they were stabbed with swords and bayonets, becoming 
 fainter and fainter until they died. -^ 
 
 "Early the next morning a soldier came to the house of Joseph. 
 Cox to borrow of hinj a plain. coat and hat to wear back to the place 
 to look after his fallen comrades, saying he was afraid to go In his 
 uniform lest some of the English n>ight be lying aroupd to kill any . 
 American sold,iers that might return," 
 
GENERAL HISTORY, 
 
 87 
 
 purpose to reach Philadelphia, moved down the road lead- 
 ing to Swedes' Ford, intending to cross the Schuylkill at 
 that point; but there were breastworks on the opposite 
 side of the river, occupied by troops placed there by Wash- 
 ington, and, seeing this, he turned up the river on the west 
 side, with the intention of making its passage at some of 
 the fords higher up. 
 
 The American army under Washington, in order if pos- 
 sible to prevent the British from passing the river, had in 
 the mean time moved from Warwick Furnace, and crossed 
 the Schuylkill at what was then known as Parker's Ford, 
 at or near the present village of Lawrenceville, in this 
 county, the oflScers and men wading the stream, which was 
 breast-high, and marched southward on the east side, by 
 way of the Trappe, as far as the Perkiomen. 
 
 The British commander then made a feint of moving his 
 army northward along the west bank of the Schuylkill, with 
 the view of inducing the Americans to suppose that it was 
 his intention to gain their right, or else by a sudden move- 
 ment to seize the ammunition and other military stores de- 
 posited at Reading. Washington, deceived by this move- 
 ment, returned up the eastern side of the river to the 
 neighborhood of Pottsgrove, and while he was there Gen. 
 Howe, on the 23d of September, suddenly wheeled his 
 army, marched rapidly down the river, and, dividing his 
 forces, crossed with little opposition at Gordon's Ford, now 
 Phoenixville, and at Fatland Ford, a short distance below 
 Valley Forge, and proceeded by easy marches to Philadel- 
 phia, which he entered in triumph on September 26th. 
 
 One of the great difficulties with which the American 
 cause had to contend dYiring the entire period of the Rev- 
 olutionary war, after the early enthusiasm had in some 
 measure subsided and war became a stern reality, was the 
 fact that a portion of the people were either apathetic or 
 disposed to favor the British interest. 
 
 The region bordering on the Schuylkill River, through 
 which the armies passed, was largely disaflFected towards the 
 American cause, and for that reason Washington could pro- 
 cure very little reliable information of the movements of 
 the enemy. Could he have obtained correct intelligence, 
 he might have foiled Howe and saved Philadelphia. We 
 perhaps appreciate too little the difficulties under which 
 Washington sometimes labored in obtaining correct infor- 
 mation, by reason of this disposition among a portion of the 
 people to withhold their aid from the struggling cause. 
 
 The British army, in its march from the Head of Elk to 
 Philadelphia, occupied about two weeks in its passage 
 through Chester County, having entered it on the 9th of 
 September, 1777, and left it on the 23d of the same month. 
 It traversed nearly the whole length of the southern part of 
 the county (then comprising within its limits the present 
 county of Delaware), and also made incursions into several 
 townships not on the line of the main route, before making 
 its exit in the neighborhood of the present town of Phoe- 
 nixville and of Valley Forge, and taking up its winter quar- 
 ters in the quiet city of Penn. This was the only time 
 during the entire contest that the soil of our good county 
 was pressed by the foot of the invader, if we except the 
 occasional foraging expeditions sent out from Philadelphia 
 while it was occupied by the British army^ 
 
 The plunder and devastation perpetrated by the enemy — 
 English as well as Hessians — on the private property of 
 passive non-combatants during this period, in violation of 
 the proclamation issued by Howe, was enormous and wan- 
 ton, while compensation for any portion of the property 
 taken was rarely made by those in command. Many fami- 
 lies were stripped of everything they possessed, and left in 
 a state of perfect destitution. " The British army had not 
 before passed through a district of country so rich in agri- 
 cultural productions, nor one in which every farm-house 
 was so well stored with everything that could minister to 
 the real comforts of life." Hence they did not fail to 
 gather a rich harvest, carrying off horses, cattle, sheep, 
 swine, grain, provisions, clothing, merchandise in stores, 
 liquors in public-houses, and whatever they could lay their 
 hands on that could be used in the camp or on the march. 
 Independent, however, of the property thus carried off, the 
 wanton destruction of furniture and other articles which 
 they could not use was unworthy of the most barbarous 
 people, and this devastation was not confined to the track 
 of the array, but extended for a considerable distance on 
 either side.* 
 
 For forty years the spot where the patriot dead of this 
 field lay interred was unmarked save by a heap of stones, 
 but on the 20th of September, 1817, the Republican Artil- 
 lerists of Chester County, aided by their fellow-citizens, 
 erected a monument over their remains, appropriately in- 
 scribed. On that occasion an address was delivered by 
 Major Isaac D. Barnard, and an account of the massacre 
 was given by the Rev. David Jones, then in his eighty- 
 second year, who had been the chaplain to the ill-fated 
 warriors, and who was on the ground on that fatal night 
 and barely escaped. The occasion was also honored by the 
 presence of Col. Isaac Wayne, the son of Gen. Wayne. 
 
 Soon thereafter these grounds, containing twenty-three 
 acres, were purchased by the military organizations of Ches- 
 ter and Delaware Counties, and set apart as a parade-ground. 
 On each returning anniversary of the massacre, for many 
 years, the citizens, soldiers of these counties, and occasional 
 visiting companies from Philadelphia and elsewhere, met 
 here to participate in the ceremonies of the day, which, we 
 believe, were for some years invariably closed with a sham 
 battle. These visits were interrupted by the war of the 
 Rebellion, but since its close they have been resumed. 
 The scene of this conflict is probably the best preserved of 
 any that marked the progress of the Revolutionary war. 
 It is in Willistown township, less than half a mile south- 
 west of Malvern. 
 
 PAPERS RELATING TO THE PAOLI MASSACRE. 
 The following account is from the diary of Lieut, (after- 
 wards Gen.) Hunter: 
 
 " As soon as it was dark the whole battalion got under arms. Mnj.- 
 Gen. Grey then came up to the battalion, and told Maj. Maitland, 
 
 * While the British army lay in Tredyffrin township a detachment 
 was sent to Valley Forge, and destroyed property belonging to Col. 
 William Dewees, valued by him at £4171, Pennsylvania currency, 
 equal to over $11,000. Among the property destroyed and taken 
 from him was a forge, saw-mill, two large stone dwelling-houses, two 
 coal -houses and four hundred loads of coal, and twenty-two hundred 
 bushels of wheat and'ryfe in sheaf. .v ■ • . > 
 
88 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 who cummanded, that the battalion was going on a night expedition 
 to try and surprise a camp, and that if any men were loaded they 
 must immediately draw their pieces. The major said the whole of 
 the battalion was always loaded, and that if he would only allow 
 them to remain so, he, the major, would be answerable that they did 
 not fire a shot. The general then said if he could place that depend- 
 ence on the battalion they should remain loaded, but firing might be 
 attended with serious consequences. ATe remained loaded, and 
 marched at eight in the evening to surprise Gen. Wayne's camp. We 
 did not meet a patrol or vidctte of the enemy until within a mile or 
 two of the camp, when our advanced guard was challenged by two 
 Tideltes. They challenged twice, fired, and galloped off at full speed. 
 A little farther on there was a blacksmith's forge ; a party was im- 
 mediately sent to bring the blacksmith, and he informed us that the 
 picket was only a few hundred yards up the road. He was ordered 
 to conduct us to the camp, and we had not marched a quarter of a 
 mile when the picket challenged, fired a volley, and retreated. Gen- 
 eral Grey then came to the head of the battalion, and cried out, ' Dash 
 on, light infantry !' and without saying a word the whole bnttalion 
 dashed into the wood, and, guided by the straggling fire of the picket, 
 that was followed close up, we entered the camp, and gave such a cheer 
 as made the wood echo. The enemy were completely surprised ; some 
 with arms, others without, running in all directions in the greatest 
 confusion. The light infantry bayonetted every man they came up 
 with. The camp was immediately set on fire, and this, with the cries 
 of the wounded, formed altogether one of the most dreadful scenes I 
 ever beheld. Every man that fired was instantly put to death. Capt. 
 Wolfe was killed, and I received a shot in my right hand soon 
 after we entered the camp. I saw the fellow present at me, and was 
 running up to him when he fired. He was immediately killed. The 
 enemy were pursued for two miles. I kept up until I grew faint from 
 loss of blood, and was obliged to sit down. Wayne's brigade was to 
 have marched at once in the morning to attack our battalion while 
 crossing the Schuylkill Uiver, and we surprised them at twelve. Four 
 hundred and sixty of the enemy were counted the next morning lying 
 dead, and not one shot was fired by us, — all was done with the bayonet. 
 We had only twenty killed and wounded." 
 
 Account by an officer of the Second Battalion British 
 Light Infantry : 
 
 " I have been in a more bloody affair at midnight on the 20th of 
 September. The battalion I served in (the Second Light Infantry), 
 supported by three regiments and some dragoons, surprised a camp 
 of the rebels consisting of loOO men, and bayonetted (we hear) from 
 four to five hundred. 
 
 " The affair was admirably conceived and executed. I will (as it is 
 remarkable) particularize. I was released from picket at sunset, — the 
 preceding sunset I mounted, — and was waked at nine at night to go 
 on the bloody business. The men were ordered to unload; on no .ac- 
 count to fire. We took a circuit in dead silence; about one in the 
 morning fell in with a rebel vidctte (a vidette is a horse sentinel), 
 was challenged three times and fired. He was pursued but escaped. 
 Soon after two foot sentries challenged and fired ; these escaped also. 
 Wc then marched on briskly, still silent; our company was advanced, 
 immediately preceding a company of riflemen, who always are in front. 
 A picket fired upon us at the distance of fifteen yards, miraculously 
 without effect. This unfortunate guard was instantly dispatched by 
 the riflemen's swords. We marohcdon through a thick wood, and re- 
 ceived a smart fire from another unfortunate picket,— as the first, in- 
 stantly ma.^saored. We then saw the wigwams or huts, partly by the 
 almost extinguished light of the fires and partly by the glimmer of a 
 few stars, and the frightened wretches endeavoring to form. We then 
 charged. For two miles we drove them, now and then firing scatter- 
 ingly from behind fences, trees, Ac. The flashes of the pieces had a 
 fine effect in the night. 
 
 " Then followed a dreadful scene of havoc. The light dragoons came 
 on sword in hand; the shrieks, groans, shouting, imprecations, 
 deprecations, the clashing of swords and bayonets, etc., no firinf 
 from us, and liitle from them, except now and then a few, as I said 
 before, scattering shots, was more expressive of horror than all the 
 thunder of the artillery, etc., on the day of action." 
 
 From the " Diary of the Revolution," by Frank Moore, vol. 
 i. page 498, copied from Gaines' Mercury : 
 
 "September 22d. Yesterday, the British having received intelli- 
 gence of the situation of General Wayne, and his design of attacking 
 their rear should they attempt to pass the Schuylkill, a plan was con- 
 certed fur surprising him, and the execution intrusted to Maj.-.Gcn. 
 Grey. The troops for this service were the Fortieth and Fifty-fifth 
 Eegiments, under Lieut.-Col. Mujigrave, and the Second Battalion 
 of light infantry, and the Forty-second and Forty-fourth Regiments, 
 under the general. The last detachment marched at ten o'clock last 
 night, the other at eleven. No soldiers of either were suffered to 
 load; thoy that could not draw their pieces took out their fiint. The 
 general knew nearly the spot where the rebel corps lay, but nothing 
 of the disposition of their camp. He represented to the men that 
 firing would discover them to the enemy, kill their own friends, and 
 cause a oonfiision favorable to the escape of the rebels, and perhaps 
 productive of disgrace to the British. On the other band, by not 
 firing they would know the foe to he wherever fire appeared, and u 
 charge insured his destruction ; that amongst the enemy, those in the 
 rear would direct their fire against whoever fired in front, and conse- 
 quently destroy each other. 
 
 " General Grey marched bythe road leading to the White Horse, and 
 took every inhabitant with him as he passed along. About three 
 miles from camp he turned to the left and proceeded to the Admiral 
 Warren, where, having forced intelligence from a blacksmith, he came 
 in upon the out-sentries, pickets, and camp of the rebels. The sen- 
 tries fired and ran off, to the number of four, at different intervals; 
 the picket was surprised, and most of them killed in endeavoring to 
 retreat. On approaching the right of the camp the line of fires were 
 perceived, and the light infantry, being ordered to form to the front, 
 rushed along the line, putting to the bayonet all they came up with, 
 and, overtaking the main herd of fugitives, stiibbed great num- 
 bers, and pressed on their rear till it was thought prudent to order 
 them to desist. The Forty-fourth Regiment, advancing in line like- 
 wise, closed up in support of the light infantry, putting to the sword 
 such of the rebels as the heat of the pursuit bad escaped that corps, 
 whilst the Forty-second came on in a third line as a reserve. Up- 
 wards of two hundred were killed, and as many more wounded. 
 Seventy-one prisoners were brought off; forty of them, being badly 
 wounded, were left at different houses on the road. The British loss 
 consisted of Capt. Wolfe and one or two men killed, Lieut. Hunter 
 and five men wounded. It was about one o'clock this morning when 
 the attack was made, and the rebels were then assembling to. move 
 towards the king's forces." 
 
 Extract from Gen. Howe's letter to Lord George Ger- 
 main :* 
 
 " Head-Quarters, Germantown, Oct. 10, 1777. 
 "My Lord: 
 
 « » » Si » » » « » 
 
 " The enemy crossed the Schuylkill on the 18th, above French Greek, 
 and encamped upon the river on each side of Perkyomy Creek, having 
 detached troops to all the fords of Schuylkill, with cannon at Swedes- 
 ford and the fords below it. 
 
 " Upon intelligence that Gen. Wayne was lying in the woods with 
 a corps of fifteen hundred men and four pieces of cannon, about three 
 miles distant, and in the rear of the left wing of the .army, Maj.-Gen. 
 Grey was detached on the 20th, late at night, with the Second Light 
 Infantry, the Forty-second and Forty-fourth Regiments, to surprise 
 this corps. 
 
 " The most effectual precaution being taken by the general to pre- 
 vent his detachment from firing, he gained the enemy's left about one 
 o'clock, and, having by the bayonet only forced their out-sentries and 
 pickets, he rushed in upon their encampment, directed by the light of 
 their fires, killed and wounded not less than three hundred on the 
 spot, taking between seventy and eighty prisoners, including several 
 ofiicers, the greater part of their arms, and eight wagons loaded with 
 baggage and stores. Upon the first alarm the cannon were carried 
 off, and the darkness of the night only saved the remainder of the 
 corps. One captain of light infantry and three men were killed in the 
 attack, and four men wounded. Gallantry in the troops and good 
 conduct in the general were fully manifested upon this critical service. 
 
 " With most perfect respect, 
 
 " I have the honor to be, &e., 
 
 " W. Howe." 
 
 ^ See Remembrancer! vol. v. p. iH, 
 
GEJtEKAL HISTOEY. 
 
 89 
 
 ; Letter of Col. Samuel Hay to Col. (afterwards Gen.) 
 William Irvine : 
 
 " Camp at the Trap, Sept. 29, 1777. 
 " Dear Colonel,— Since I had the pleasure of seeing you the divi- 
 sion under the command of Gen. Wayne has been surprised by the 
 enemy with considerable loss. We were ordered by his Excellency to 
 march from the Yellow Springs down to where the enemy lay, near 
 the Admiral Warren, there to annoy their rear. We marched early 
 on the 17th instant, and got helow the PaoH that night; on the next 
 day fixed on a place for our camp. We lay the 18th and 19th undis- 
 turbed, but on the 20th, at twelve o'clock at night, the enemy marched 
 out, and so unguarded was our camp that they were among us before 
 we either formed in any manner for our safety or attempted to retreat, 
 notnithFtanding the general had full intelligence of their designs two 
 hours before they came out. I will inform you in a few words of what 
 happened. The annals of the age cannot produce such a scene of 
 butchery. All was confusion, the enemy among us, and your regi- 
 ment the most exposed as the enemy came on the right wing. The 
 First Regiment (which always takes th^ right) was taken off and 
 posted in a strip of woods, stood only one fire, and retreated ; then 
 we were next the enemy, and as we were among our fires they had a 
 gi:eat advantage of us. I need not go on to give the particulars, but 
 the enemy rushed on with fixed bayonets and made the use of them 
 they intended. So you may figure to yourself what followed. The 
 party lost three hundred privates in killed, wounded, and missing, 
 besides commissioned and non-commissioned ofiicers. Our loss is Col. 
 Grier, Capt. Wilson, and Lieut. Irvine* wounded (but none of them 
 dangerously), and sixty-one noncommissioned and privates hilled 
 and wounded, which was just half the men we had on the ground fit 
 for duty. The 22d I went to the ground to see the wounded; the 
 scene was shocking, the poor men groaning under their wounds, which 
 were all by stabs of bayonets and cuts of light horsemen's swords. 
 Cot. Grier is wounded in the side by a bayonet, superficially slanting 
 to the breast-bone. Capt. Wilson stabbed In the side, but not danger- 
 ous, as it did not take the guts or belly ; he got also a bad stroke on 
 the head with the cock-nail of the lock of a musket. Andrew Irvine 
 was run through the fleshy part of the thigh with a bayonet. They 
 are all laying near David Jones' tavern. I left Capt. McDowell with 
 them to dress and take care of them, and they are all in a fair way of 
 recovery. Maj. Lamar, of the Third Regiment, was killed, and some 
 other inferior officers. The enemy also lost Capt. Wolfe killed, and 
 four- or five light horsemen, and about twenty privates, besides a 
 number wounded. The general ofiicers have been in council for three 
 days, and the plan is fixed, but what it is we do not yet know. Inclosed 
 you have the state of the British army, with their loss at Brandy wine ; 
 yon have it as I have it, and may judge of it as yon think proper. 
 
 "Ton will see by this imperfect scrawl how many sorts of ink I 
 have written with, — all borrowed, and the inkstands dry, — as I have 
 no baggage, nor have had any these four weeks, more than one shirt 
 and one pair of stockings, besides what is on my back. The other 
 officers are in the same way, and most of the officers belonging to the 
 division have lost their baggage at Col. Frazer's, taken by the enemy. 
 I have nothing new to inform you of. My compliments to Mrs. Irvine 
 and Mrs. Armstrong ; let her know the general is very well, and lodges 
 near our camp. 
 
 " I am, with great respect, 
 
 " Tours affeotionately, 
 
 "Samdbl Hay. 
 
 "P. S. — The officers of the division have protested against Gen. 
 Wayne's conduct and lodged a complaint, and requested a court-mar- 
 tial, which his Excellency has promised they shall have. This has 
 brought down his pride a little already." 
 
 GEN. CHARLES GREY. 
 
 Gen. Charles Grey, the British officer who "conducted" 
 the massacre at Paoli, also distinguished himself subse- 
 ijuently in superintending the bayoneting of sixty-nine un- 
 
 * Capt. Andrew Irvine received seventeen bayonet-wounds in all, 
 one of which penetrated through his company book, which, in the 
 confusion, he had taken up and thrust into the brea«t-'pocket of his 
 coat to carry off. He never entirely recovered, but died, soon after 
 tho close of the war, from the effects of .these wounds. 
 
 12 
 
 armed men of Baylor's regiment, near Tappan, N. Y., to 
 whom he ordered no quarters to he given, although they 
 begged for their lives on bended knees. After these heroic 
 achievements he returned to England, where he was dubbed 
 by King George III. — presumably as a reward forliiswier- 
 itorioits services — Sir Charles Grey, Knight of the Bath. 
 He was created Baron Grey of Howick in 1801, and in 
 1806, Viscount Howick and Earl Grey. One of his sons 
 became Prime Jlinister in 1830, and others of his descend- 
 ants have been conspicuous in British annals. 
 
 PAPEES KEIiATING TO THE TRIAL OF GEN. 
 WAYNE. 
 
 REQUEST OF GEN. WAYNE FOR COURT-MARTIAL. 
 Shortly after the 20th of September Gen. Wayne ad- 
 dressed the following letter to Washington : 
 
 "Sin : I feel myself very much injured until such time as you will 
 he kind enough to indulge me with an inquiry into my conduct con- 
 cerning the action of the 20th of September. 
 
 " Conscious of ^having done my duty, I dare my accusers to a fair 
 and candid hearing; dark and insidious friends I dread, but from an 
 open and avowed enemy I have nothing to fear. I have no other 
 mode of showing them forth to open view than through your 
 means. I must, therefore, beg an immediate investigation by a court- 
 martial. Your compliance will much oblige your Excellency's most 
 obedient humble servant. 
 
 " Anthosy Wayne." 
 
 ORDER OF GEN. WASHINGTON TO COURT OF INQUIRY. 
 
 "Headquarters, Toamensing, Oct. 11, 1777. 
 " The Court of Inquiry of which Lord Stirling is President,! ""W 
 sitting at the President's quarters, is to inquire into the conduct of 
 Brig.-Gen. Wayne, viz.. That he had timely notice of the enemy's 
 intention to attack the troops under his command on the night of the 
 20th ultimo; and, notwithstanding that intelligence, he neglected 
 making a disposition until it was too late either to annoy the enemy 
 or make a retreat without the utmost^danger and confusion. The 
 President will give notice when the court can enter on the inquiry, 
 and when the parties and evidence are to attend. 
 
 "George Washingtos." 
 
 COURT-MARTIAL CONVENED. 
 
 A general court-martial, of which Gen. Sullivan was 
 president, was held the 25tb, 2Gth, 27th, and 30th of Oc- 
 tober, for the trial of Brig.-Gen. Wayne on the following 
 charges, viz. : 
 
 That he had timely notice of the enemy's intention to attack the 
 troops under his command on the night of the 20th of September last, 
 and, notwithstanding that intelligence, neglected making a disposition 
 until it was too late either to annoy the enemy or make a retreat 
 without the utmost danger and confusion. 
 
 DEFENSE OF GEN. WAYNE. 
 
 " After the expiration of five weeks, during which period the tongue 
 of slander has not been idle, I am happy to bring my case before a 
 court of whose honor and impartial judgment I cannot have the least 
 doubt. I shall not intrude on the patience of this court by any use- 
 less preface, hut proceed to answer the charge. 
 
 "The first part of tho charge exhibited against me, that 'I had 
 timely notice of the enemy's intention to attack the troops under my 
 command,' is very readily answered. 
 
 "I shall briefly notice what these gentlemen call a timely notice. A 
 Mr. Jones, an old gentleman living near where we were encamped, 
 came to my quarters between nine and ten o'clock at night, and 
 informed me, before Cols. Hartley, Broadhead, and Temple, that a ser- 
 vant-hoy belonging to Mr. Clayton had been taken by the enemy and 
 liberated again, who said that he had heard some of their soldiers say 
 
 fit consisted of Gens. McDougall and Knox, Cols. Spencer and 
 Clark. 
 
90 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 that they intended to attack me that night. Although this could not 
 be deemed a Biifficient notice upon any military principle, yet I imme- 
 diately ordered out a number of videttes, in addition to those already 
 planted, with directions to patrol all the roads leading to the enemy's 
 camp. I also planted two new piquetJ, the one in front on a blind 
 path leading from the Warren to my camp, the other to the right, and 
 in the rear, which made on that night not less than six different 
 piquets. I had, exclusive of these, a horse piquet under Capt. Stod- 
 dard; well advanced on the Swedes' Ford road, being the very way 
 the enemy marched that night. But the very first intelligence which 
 I received of their advancing was from one of the videttes which I 
 sent out in consequence of the timely notice from Mr. Jones, who had 
 only lime to go about a mile before he met the enemy. Immediately 
 on his return the troops were all ordered to form, having been warned 
 to lay on their arms in the evening, for a purpose which .1 shall pres- 
 ently mention. At this time it was raining, and in order to save the 
 cartridges from wet I ordered the soldiers to put their oartouch- 
 boxes under their coats. This, gentlemen, does not look like a surprise : 
 it rather proves that we were prepared either to move off or act as the 
 case might require when once apprized which way the enemy were 
 actually advancing. To have made any move previously to ascertain- 
 ing that fact might have been attended by fatal consequences, totally 
 subversive of the views of the commander-in-chief. So soon as it was 
 discovered that the enemy were pushing for our right, where our 
 artillery was planted, Maj. Ryan carried my orders to Col. Ilumpton 
 and to the division to wheel by sub-platoons to the right, and to march 
 off by the left, and gain the road leading on the summit of the hill 
 towards the White Horse, it being the very road on which the division 
 moved the previous evening. The division wheeled accordingly, the 
 artillery moved off, but, owing to some neglect or misapprehension, 
 whieh is not uncommon in Col. Huinpton, the troops did not move 
 until a second and third order were sent, although they were wheeled 
 and faced for the purpose. At the very time this order for the retreat 
 was at first given, and which I presumed was obeyed, I took the light 
 infantry and the First Regiment, and formed them on the right, and 
 remained there with them and the horse, in order to cover the retreat. 
 If this was not making a disposition, I acknowledge I know not what 
 a disposition is. 
 
 " Those troops met and received the enemy with a spirit becoming 
 free Americans, but were forced to give way to numbers. The neglect 
 or misapprehension of Col. Humpton had detained the division too 
 long, otherwise the disposition would have been perfect. I was, in 
 consequence, necessitated to form the Fourth Regiment to receive the 
 enemy and favor the retreat of the others; this Col. Butler and the 
 oflBcers of the infantry of that regiment were concerned in and wit- 
 ness of. About three hundred yards in rear of that I again rallied 
 such of the divisions as took the proper route; those who went a con- 
 trary way and out of supporting distance perhaps Col. Humpton can 
 give the best account of. Here I have a fair and ample field for re- 
 crimination were I so disposed. I shall waive the subject, and beg 
 leave to read the orders which I received from time to-time from his 
 Excellency Gen. Washington. 
 
 " In the eyes of gentlemen and officers I trust that I stand justified 
 for the part I took on that night. I had the fullest and clearest ad- 
 vice that the enemy would march that morning at two o'clock for 
 the river Schuylkill, and in consequence of this intelligence I had 
 reconnoitred a road leading immediately along the right flank of the 
 enemy, with Cols. Humpton and Hartley, and had the men lying on 
 their arms, to move (as soon as Gen. Smallwood should arrive) not 
 from but to the enemy. For this purpose I had sent Col. Chambers 
 as a guide to conduct that officer into my rear, who, with his divi- 
 sion, was expected to arrive every moment from two in the afternoon 
 until wo were attacked, at which time he was within a short distance 
 of our rear, and retreated to the White Horse. 
 
 " I shall just put a serious question or two, and then submit the mat- 
 ter to the decision of this court. Suppose that, after all these repeated 
 orders from his Excellency, and the arrival of Gen. Smallwood, I had 
 retreated, before I knew whether the enemy intended to attack me or 
 not, and that they should have marched for the Schuylkill that morn- 
 ing, which they actually did, would not these very gentlemen have 
 been the first to default me for putting it out of my power to at- 
 tack their rear 1 Would not his Excellency, with the greatest justice, 
 have ordered me in arrest for cowardice and disobedience of his re- 
 peated peremptory and most pointed orders? Would not I have 
 stood culpable in the eyes of the world? Would I not justly have 
 
 merited immediate death or cashiering? I certainly would. What 
 line could I follow but the one I trod ? What more could be done on- 
 the occasion than what was done? The artillery, ammunition, etc. 
 were covered and saved by a body of troops who were rallied and re- 
 mained on the ground more than an hour after that gentleman, Col. 
 Humpton, the prosecutor, had effected his escape from danger, 
 although, perhaps, not without confusion. 
 
 " I hold it needless to say any more, or to take up the time of this 
 court on the occasion. I rest my honor and charticter, which to me 
 are more dear than life, in the hands of gentlemen who, when decid- 
 ing on my honor, will not forget their own." 
 
 DECISION OP THE COURT. 
 
 "The court having fully considered the charge against Brigadier- 
 General Wayne, and the evidence produced to them, are unaninwuily 
 of opinion that Gen. Wayne is not guilty of the charge exhibited 
 against him, but that he on the night of the 20th ultimo did every- 
 thing that could be expected from an active, brave, and vigilant offi- 
 cer under the orders which he then had. The court do acquit him 
 with the highest honor. 
 
 "The Commander-in-Chief approves the sentence." 
 
 THE EVIDENCE OF CAPT. JAMES WILSON, OF THE FIRST 
 PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT. 
 " That on the night of the 29th Sept' Genl. Wayne Personally 
 placed me With the Light Infantry, his orders to me Was, Stand like ' 
 a Brave Soldier and Give them fire, his Orders I Obey'd as Long as 
 Possible, but the Enimy being too numerous fors' me to Give Way to 
 the middle Fence, Where I Rallied about Thirty men and Ga,ve them 
 the Last Fire. 
 
 "Ja. Wimon, 
 " Capt. 1st Regt." 
 
 On the back, in the handwriting of Lord Stirling, are 
 the following questions and answers, — J 
 
 " Q. What distance was the Light Infantry advanced fi-om ye right 
 of ye Division when you received the enemy ?" 
 
 " A. .SOO yards. 
 
 " Q. How long was ye placed to oppose the Enemy before they came 
 to you at Firing distance ? 
 
 " A. About 8 minutes, & then not above a rod distance." 
 
 CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF THE MAS- ' - 
 SACRE. 
 
 The monument thus erected having, in the lapse of years, 
 become very much injured and defaced by relic hunters, ' 
 and being no longer a fitting memorial to the heroic dead, 
 steps were taken to procure the erection of a new one, and 
 on September 20, 1877, the one hundredth annivereary of 
 the massacre, the new one, built under the auspices of the 
 military of Chester and Delaware Counties, aided by many 
 citizens, was dedicated with appropriate military honors. 
 
 The 20th of September, 1877, was a day which will long 
 live in the annals of Chester County. The sky was un- 
 clouded, and the balmy air seemed to invite the people to 
 turn out in holiday garb and greet each other upon the his- 
 toric field of Paoli. At an early hour they began to gather 
 from all directions, in Carriages, on horseback, and on foot ; 
 military and civic processions paraded into the grounds to the 
 music of bands and drum corps, and the numerous trains 
 on the West Chester and Pennsylvania Railroads added 
 their quota to the moving tide of humanity, until, as the 
 hour approached for the commencement of the exercises, 
 the grounds seemed to be literally covered with people. 
 There was such an assemblage as had never before convened 
 on the soil of Chester County. The number present was 
 variously estimated at from eight to ten thousand persons. 
 
 While on the dedication of the first monument, on the, . 
 fortieth anniversary, September 11, ,1817, Col. IfiSMU : 
 
aS22i< 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 91 
 
 Wayne, a son of Gen. Anthony Wayne, was present and 
 participated in the ceremonies, so on this occasion, the 
 one hundredth anniversary, the day and event were hon- 
 ored in the presence of Capt. William Wayne, a great- 
 grandson of Chester County's brave and gallant , hero, 
 Anthony Wayne, a gentleman who, inheriting the military 
 qualities of his noble ancestor, was himself an officer in the 
 Union army during the war of the Rebellion of 1861-65. 
 The monument is of Quincy granite, twenty-two feet and 
 a half in height, chaste and rich, and impressive in its sim- 
 plicity. A square pedestal of rugged granite supports a 
 subrbase of similar material but smaller proportions; on 
 this rests the die with its inscriptions, from which springs 
 upward a plain granite shaft, the whole making a well-pro- 
 portioned obelisk. On the west face of the shaft is cut in 
 bold letters the word " Paoli," while the polished die bears 
 the following inscriptions : 
 
 West side : 
 
 " Sacred 
 
 to the memory of the 
 
 Patriots 
 
 i?ho on this spot 
 
 fell a sacrifice to 
 
 British barbarity 
 
 during the struggle for 
 
 ^UERICAN INDEPENDENCE, 
 
 on the night of the 
 20th of September, 1777." 
 
 North side : 
 
 " The ATROcions massacre 
 
 which this stone commemorates 
 
 was perpetrated 
 
 by British troops 
 
 nnder the immediate command 
 
 of 
 
 Major-General Orey." 
 
 South side : 
 
 " Here repose 
 
 the remains of fifty-three 
 
 American soldieiis, 
 
 who were the 
 
 victims of cold-blooded cruelty 
 
 in the well known 
 
 " Massacre at the Paoli," 
 
 while nnder the command 
 
 of 
 
 General Anthony 'WArNB, 
 
 an officer 
 
 whose military conduct, 
 
 bravery and humanity, 
 
 were equally conspicuous 
 
 throughout the 
 Revolutionary War." 
 
 East side : 
 
 " Erected by the citizens of 
 Chester and Delaware counties, 
 
 September 20, 1877, being 
 
 THE Centennial annitersaby 
 
 of the Paoli Massacre. 
 
 The other inscriptions on this monument are 
 
 copied from 
 
 the memorial stone 
 
 formerly standing here, 
 
 which was erected by 
 
 the Kepnblican Artillerists, 
 
 and other citizens of 
 
 Chester County, 
 September 20, 1817." 
 
 These inscriptions (except that on the east side), taken 
 from the old monument, were writt-en by Dr. William Dar- 
 lington, who was the master-spirit on the occasion of its 
 erection in 1817. 
 
 PAOLI MONUMENT. 
 
 The monument is built upon a mound of about three 
 feet, giving it an elevation of twenty-five feet. On the 
 south end of the mound stands the old monument, erected 
 in 1817, which is preserved as a relic of the past. It is 
 nine feet in height, has a base of blue marble and pedestal 
 of white marble, upon which are the inscriptions as above 
 mentioned. The stone wall was removed, and the whole 
 plot is surrounded by 'a wrought iron picket- fence five feet 
 high. 
 
 When the corner-stone of the new monument was laid 
 a copper box was placed at its base, containing the following 
 articles: 
 
 1. Original subscription list, dated July 4, 1875, with the name of 
 projector, of monument and the subscriptions obtained on that day. : 
 
 2. Address on monument project to the citizens of Chester County. 
 Z, List of cpntributors. 
 
 4. Specifications and contract. 
 
 5. Officers of the day. 
 
 6. Large handbill of dedication ceremonies. 
 
 7. Portrait of Gen. Anthony Wayne. 
 
 8. Chester and Delaware County newspapers. 
 
 9. Names of President and Vice-President of the United States. 
 
 10. Name of the Governor of Pennsylvania. 
 
 11. Names of county officers, with their signatures. 
 
 12. ConfeJerato money,— -$50, $20, $5, $1. 
 
 13. Specimens of colonial and Continental money. 
 
 14. Likenesses of President and Vice-President of United States. 
 
 15. Ticket of admission to the counting of the electoral vote, 1877, 
 House of Representatives, signed by T. W. Ferry, President of 
 Senate, and Samuel J. Randall, Speaker of House. 
 
 16. Silver coins, as follows : trade dollar, ordinary dollar, half-dol- 
 lar, quarter- dollar, dime, and two three-cent pieces ; five-cent nickel, 
 two-cent piece, one-oerit-pieee, old copper penny, and half-penny, 
 copper. 
 
93 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Governor John F. Hartranft and staflF, with other gentle- 
 men, arrived by an early train, and were escorted to the resi- 
 dence of Capt. William Wayne, where a bountiful breakfast 
 had been provided. 
 
 After breakfast the whole party, preceded by the Wash- 
 ington Troop, repaired to the monument grounds, and were 
 met at the western entrance by Col. Alfred Rupert, the 
 chief marshal of the day, and his aides, and as the proces- 
 sion moved across the field the military organizations were 
 drawn in line to receive the Governor, and presented an 
 imposing sight. A Governor's salute of seventeen guns was 
 fired by the Griffen Battery. 
 
 At twelve o'clock the meeting, which was held in the 
 grove immediately west of and near the monument, was 
 organized by Dr. Wood, who named the following oflSeers : 
 
 President. — Hon. Washington Townsend. 
 
 Yiee-Pieaidenta. — Capt. Wm. Wayne, John D. Evans, Dr. John 
 R. Hoskins, Jesse Matlack, Abraham Fetters, Jr., Isaac W. Vanleer, 
 Gen. George Hartman, Dr. Jacob Rickabaugb, Chandler Phillips, 
 Col. F. B. Speakinan, John McWilliams, Evans Rogers, Robert E. 
 Monaghan, Esq., Col. N. M. Ellis, John 0. K. Robarts, John P. 
 Thornbury, Edwin Otiey, Hon. William Ward, James M. Wilcox, Dr. 
 J. L. Forwood, Charles D. Manley, Esq., David Ruth, Esq., Tryon 
 Lewis, Dr. George Smith, P; Frazer Smith, Esq., David Ramsay, 
 John Irey, Msttthew Barker, Hon. Jesse C. Dickey, Capt. Samuel 
 Holman, J. Lacey Darlington, Harmon Bond, Wm. T. Shafer, Hon. 
 J. M. Broomall, Robert L. MeClellan, Nimrod Strickland, Welling- 
 ton Hickman, W. Cooper Talley. 
 
 Seeretaries. — Maj. A. C. Fulton, R. Jones Monaghan, W. W. Thom- 
 son, Thomas V. Cooper, William W. Polk, William H. Hodgson, Bar- 
 ton D. Evans, W. I. Kauffman, Henry L. Brinton, John Miller, 
 Edward B. Moore, Ezra Evans, Vosburg Schaeffer. 
 
 The exercises were then conducted in the following order: 
 
 1. Delivery of monument by Mr. Van Gunden, on behalf of Messrs. 
 Van Gunden, Young & Drumm, of Philadelphia, the contractors, to 
 the committee. 
 
 2. Reception of the same, on behalf of the committee, by Capt. 
 Robert T. Cornwell. 
 
 3. Presentation of monument by Dr. Wood, on behalf of the com- 
 mittee, to the president for dedication. 
 
 4. Address of Hon. Washington Townsend at dedication. 
 
 5. Unveiling of monument by Dr. Woodi 
 
 6. National salute of thirty-eight guns by Griffen Battery. 
 
 7. Prayer by Rev. Joseph S. Evans. 
 
 8. Historical address by J. Smith Fnthey, Esq. 
 
 9. Oration by Hon. Wayne MacVeagh. 
 
 10. Benediction by Rev. Mr. Elliott. 
 
 At the conclusion of the foregoing programme, the mili- 
 tary and citizens formed in line, and to the solemn music of 
 the bands and the low roll of the muffled drums marched 
 slowly around the monument. It was a very impressive 
 ceremony. 
 
 The order of march was as follows : 
 
 Gen. John R. Dobson and Staff. 
 
 Col. Alfred Rupert and Aides. 
 
 Washington Troop, of Glenlooh, Chester County, 
 
 Capt. Wilson M. Matlack. 
 
 Griffen Battery, of Phoenixville and West Chester, 
 
 Capt. John Denithorne. 
 
 llth Regt. Pa. National Guards Band, of Phoenixville, 15 pieces, 
 
 Capt. B. Frank Dunhower. 
 
 Wayne Fencibles, Co. I, llth Regt. N. G. Pa., 
 
 Capt. Robert T. Cornwell. 
 
 West Chester Grays, Co. E, llth Regt. N. G. Pa., with 
 
 drum corps, Liout. Henry M. Worth commanding. 
 
 Cooper Rifles, Co. G, Uth Regt. N. Q. Pa., 
 
 Capt. John W. Russell. 
 
 Wheatly Cadets, of Phcenixville, Co. D, llth Regt. 
 
 N. G. Pa., Capt. Samuel Wilson. 
 Reeves Rifles, of Phoenixville, Co. A, llth Regt. 
 
 N. G. Pa., Capt. Samuel Gilbert. 
 Coatesville Guards, Co. C, lUh Regt. N. G. Pa., 
 Capt. Caleb Brown. 
 Delaney Guards (col.), Independent, of West Chester, 
 Capt. Levi M. Hood. 
 West Chester Pioneer Corps, Capt. 
 J. Lacey Darlington, Jr. 
 Coatesville Pioneer Corps. 
 Chester Springs Soldiers' Orphans' School, 62 boys, clad 
 in blue uniforms. 
 Valley Forge Cornet Band, 16 pieces. 
 Township delegations followed, representing, among others, 
 Tredyffrin, Uwchlan, Fikeland, Schuylkill, Charles- 
 town, and Eosttown, the latter carrying a banner 
 bearing the words, " Easttown, the home 
 of General Wayne." 
 
 This ended the formal exercises of the day, the vast as- 
 semblage slowly departed, and when the shades of evening 
 fell over the scene there was nothing left but the old monu- 
 ment and the new over the dust of the dead. 
 
 Altogether, it was an event long to be remembered, and 
 during the whole day there occurred nothing to mar any 
 feature of the occasion. 
 
 FUKTHER MOVEMENTS OF THE TWO ARMIES IN 
 CHESTER COUNTY. 
 
 Pennypaeker's " History of Phoenixville and its Vicinity" 
 says that in the course of these manoeuvres, on Sunday 
 afternoon, at four o'clock, on the 21st of September, 1777, 
 the British army, numbering about fourteen thousand men, 
 entered Schuylkill township, and encamped along Nutt's 
 road from the Fountain inn to Fatland Ford. The En"- 
 lish occupied the upper side of the road, and upon the other 
 the Hessians were stationed. The headquarters of Gen. 
 Knyphausen, the commander of the Hessians, was at the 
 house of Frederick Buzzard, which at that time stood about 
 midway between the " Corner Stores" and the Morris' woods. 
 The headquarters of Gen. Howe were at the house of Wil- 
 liam Grimes, recently occupied by John Acre, and the first 
 house below the Bull tavern. 
 
 No sooner were the men dismissed and ordered to encamp 
 than they commenced depredations upon the surrounding 
 neighborhood. In a little while every house had been vis- 
 ited. All the provisions, clothing, straw, and hay that could 
 be found were carried off, and the cattle and horses were 
 driven away. So completely were the people divested of 
 everything which could be used in the camp that they in 
 many instances suffered from the want of food and clothing. 
 The only means by which anything could be retained was 
 by application to the commanding general for a guard. 
 Requests of this kind were usually granted. 
 
 To the residence of Moses Coates, Jr., the Hessians came 
 in droves as soon as the army halted, and they continued 
 their incursions until the next morning, when a guard was 
 obtained. The garden, cellar, and larder were emptied, and 
 the hen-roosts soon niade desolate. Among other things 
 carried away was a large flock of geese. The last of them, 
 an old gander, was pursued through the yard, and finally 
 caught, around the neck, by a huge Hessian, who held the 
 bird aloft as he throttled it, and cried, exultingly, to the 
 members of the family, " Dis bees goot for the poor Hes- 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 93 
 
 sian mans !" One of the daughters expressed the hope that 
 it would choke him to death, upon which he began to curse, 
 and departed with las prey. 
 
 The family of Patrick Anderson had been informed of 
 their approach, and had removed and secreted as many 
 things of value as possible. The bedding and clothing 
 were locked up in the bureau drawers, and the house was 
 abandoned. The English, who knew that Anderson was 
 absent in the American army, broke open the doors of the 
 _d welling, and completely destroyed everything in it. They 
 pushed the locks ofif from the bureau drawers and closets by 
 thrusting their bayonets through the key-holes, and took 
 possession of the contents. The furniture, which was in 
 good condition, they broke into pieces and used for their 
 fires. Mirrors were thrown upon the floor, and paintings 
 and other articles of verfu, with the single rather remark- 
 able exception of a portrait of George Washington, which 
 was left in its place upon the wall, were ruined. The cattle 
 and sheep were slaughtered, and the meat was salted and 
 prepared for transportation in the parlor. The blood-stains 
 remaining after this butchery could be seen upon the floors 
 when the house was removed in 1842. 
 
 They came to the residence of Matthias Pennypacker in 
 the night, and ransacked it in the search of provisions and 
 clothing. The grain and flour in the mill became a valu- 
 able acquisition. The mill was at that time new and in 
 excellent order, and to prevent its future use they hacked 
 the machinery afld cut the bolting cloth into strips. 
 
 From the Fountain inn, where William Pussell then 
 lived, they carried away whatever could be obtained. In 
 order to secure some bed-cttrtains, which she considered to 
 have a particular value. Mistress Fussell wrapped them about 
 her person and covered them with her dress. Some Hes- 
 sian women, -however, who accompanied the army, having 
 their suspicions aroused, threw the lady unceremoniously 
 upon the floor, unwound the wrapping from about her, and 
 made it their spoil. 
 
 Lord Cornwallis came himself to the house of Benjamin 
 Boyer after it had been thoroughly stripped. The bee-hives, 
 ibr preservation, had been carried into a room in the west 
 end of the house and covered over with sheets. Cornwallis 
 inquired what was concealed there, and was informed they 
 were bees. Not to be deceived, however, by what he thought 
 to be a subterfuge, with an impatient movement he removed 
 the covering. The insects, already disturbed by their recent 
 transportation, resented the interference by flying into his 
 face and hair, and they probed him unmercifully. His 
 lordship beat a hasty retreat. 
 
 A horse belonging to a son of Moses Coates, then quite 
 . a youth, was taken from the pasture- field, and it was known 
 the animal was among the British forces. The young man 
 went to the headquarters of the commanding general, and 
 upon making inquiries of some of the attendants about that 
 officer's person received only insolent and taunting replies. 
 He insisted, however, upon an interview with their superior, 
 and was finally shown into Howe's presence. Upon making 
 his errand known, he was treated politely and detained' in 
 conversation. The subject of the condition of the American 
 army was adroitly introduced, and every eflbrt made to elicit 
 information from him. At length Howe said to him that 
 
 he could have his horse if he would go over the Schuylkill 
 and learn as accurately as he could the number of Wash- 
 ington's troops. The offer was rejected, and Howe increased 
 it by saying that he would not only return his horse, but 
 would give him, in addition, six guineas in gold. The youth 
 replied, with indignation, that he could not be bribed to 
 perform an act so base ; and when it was found that he 
 would not answer Howe's purposes, he was given permis- 
 sion to search for his horse through the camp and take it 
 away. 
 
 Joseph Starr was carried to the camp and charged with 
 conveying intelligence to the Americans. While there he 
 met with very abusive treatment. 
 
 The people residing north of the French Creek were 
 very little molested. 
 
 A portion of the American forces were stationed on the 
 high ground, belonging to the Jacobs family and others, 
 on the opposite side of the river. When the British dis- 
 covered them there, they planted a battery on the hill, 
 about where the Reading Railroad depot now stands, and 
 fired three shots across, all of which took effect among a 
 row of cherry-trees growing beside the road. 
 
 Howe made his arrangements to ford the river on Tues- 
 day, the 23d of September. The Hessians, under the com- 
 mand of Knyphausen, and the division of Cornwallis were 
 ordered to force a passage at Gordon's Ford, at the end of 
 Bridge Street, while he, with the right wing of the army, 
 crossed at Fatland Ford, below. Early on the morning of 
 the 23d, Cornwallis, with his suite, came riding across the 
 fields to the residence of Thomas Robinson, and, calling the 
 old man from the house, they told him they wanted him to 
 point out the location of the ford. He refused to give any 
 information, but, compulsion being threatened, he put on 
 his broadbrim hat and went along with them, determined 
 to be of as little use as possible. They were on horseback 
 and the old Quaker was on foot, and in a little while he 
 was lagging with tardy steps far in the rear, seeking for an 
 opportunity to escape. When Cornwallis reached the crest 
 of the hill, where the late David Reeves resided, he turned 
 to ask some questions of his guide and found that he was 
 almost out of sight. Some aides were dispatched for him, 
 and be was hurried to the presence of the general, who 
 began to threaten and swear most furiously. Just at this 
 time, however, the balls from the other side of the river 
 began to whistle among them, and the attention of Corn- 
 wallis was drawn to some military movement. Robinson, 
 availing himself of the favorable circumstance, hurried away 
 with a much more youthful . and vigorous gait, and thus 
 avoided the disagreeable task. 
 
 In crossing the river the cavalry were in the advance, 
 and were followed by the Hessian infantry, who, as soon 
 as the water reached their knees, began to sing their Ger- 
 man hymns and chants. " It must have been amusing," 
 adds my informant, who had perhaps imbibed a very 
 natural prejudice, " to have seen such cowards going into 
 battle." 
 
 The Americans shot and killed an Englishman and his 
 horse by the side of the buttonwood-trees, a few yards from 
 the river, where the Port Providence road and the upper 
 Norristown road intersect. The man was carried away. 
 
94 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 but the horse lay where he fell for several days after their 
 departure. 
 
 A riflemaD, secreted upon the island, fired at and struck 
 an English officer standing upon the Phoenixville shore, 
 just as he was about to enter the water at the ford. He 
 fell, and, being conveyed back to the house of John Allen, 
 on the south side of Bridge Street, expired in a short time 
 afterward. He was buried in the Starr burying-ground. 
 His grave was not marked, but it was directly in the angle 
 made by the intersection of Church and Main Streets. 
 
 John Kider, who then lived at the old Rhoades farm- 
 house, upon the north bank oFthe French Creek, went 
 around over the hill to the mouth of the creek, in order to 
 see the army as it passed. A Hessian at the ford, proba- 
 bly supposing him to be a rifleman or a spy, raised his piece 
 and fired. The ball struck a tree near the river. This 
 tree and its bullet-hole stood an object of curiosity until it 
 was removed in digging the canal of the Schuylkill Navi- 
 gation Company. 
 
 A squad of the British stopped at Gordon's Cave, in 
 Mount Clare, and there found a goose roasting upon the fire. 
 They took advantage of the opportunity to make a rich re- 
 past, and while thus engaged were abandoned by their com- 
 rades and captured by a party of American militia, who had 
 come down from the hills to follow in the rear of the enemy. 
 
 The two wings of Howe's army, after having successfully 
 crossed the Schuylkill, united at Bean's tavern, on the 
 pike, and proceeded to Philadelphia. The country which 
 they had left was a picture of desolation. The fences had 
 been burned, the corn in the fields had been beaten to the 
 ground by the tread of horses and men, and the hay and 
 straw from the barns were tramped into the mud of the 
 deserted encampments. 
 
 The division which crossed at Fatland Ford took with 
 them a lad, a son of Edwaj'd Lane, intending to make use 
 of him as a guide. To all the questions, however, that 
 were addressed to him he replied, in a silly way, " I don't 
 know," and, concluding that he was either obstinate or 
 idiotic, they dismissed him. They then compelled Jacob 
 Richardson to conduct them over the river and accompany 
 them to Philadelphia. Richardson, although his actions 
 had been entirely involuntary, feared to return home. 
 While he remained in the city a number of propositions 
 were made to him to act as a spy in the service of the 
 British, but were all refused. One morning he recognized 
 an American officer of some distinction in the market- 
 house, dressed in the garb of a Quaker farmer and selling 
 provisions. Richardson went to him privately, and told him 
 that he could be readily detected through his disguise, and 
 that his face was well known to many people ill-aflFected to 
 the cause who would not hesitate to betray him. The offi- 
 cer accepted the advice and assistance he proffered, and 
 after having escaped and arrived safely at Valley For^e, 
 made a certificate, detailing the circumstances, and vouch- 
 ing for Richardson's loyalty and attachment to American 
 interests. Rendered secure by this evidence, he came back 
 to his home. 
 
 Gen. John Armstrong, who commanded the Pennsylvania 
 militia, wrote on the 26th of September to President 
 Wharton from the Trappe : 
 
 " A feint of the Enemy, in rapidly moving a part of their body np 
 the Scuilklll, by French Greek, led the General to apprehend they de- 
 signed to cross above us and turn our right wing; to prevent this he 
 marched high on this side on the Swamp road when the same night 
 or next morning, they crossed nt Fatland ford, and proceeded on to 
 Sweed's ford also by another road, I think, called the Manotany 
 (Ridge Road) so that before full intelligence of their crossing came to 
 headquarters, or rather before it gained credit they were thought in 
 council to be at too great a distance to be harassed in the rear by 
 fatigued troops, by these means we have got but a few prisoners." 
 
 After the entrance of Howe into Philadelphia^ Washing- 
 ton approached nearer to the city, and encamped for a week 
 or two at Pennypacker's Mill, between the Perkiomen and 
 Skippack Creeks. The main division of Howe's army was 
 at Germantown, and he determined to surprise the British 
 at that place. An attempt was made on the 4th of October, 
 resulting in the battle of Germantown, which was almost a 
 decided success, but after the check at Chew's house he 
 was compelled to withdraw to his encampment at Skippack. 
 The next six or seven weeks were spent in energetic but 
 fruitless eflbrts to prevent communication between Howe 
 in Philadelphia and his fleet in the Delaware Bay, and on 
 the 18th of December, the weather having become intensely 
 cold, Washington retired into winter quarters at Valley 
 Forge, in Tredyffrin township, Chester County. 
 
 In the intervening time, subsequent to the departure of 
 the British, foraging-parties of the Americans were passing 
 through this neighborhood continually in the search for sup- 
 plies. Upon one occasion a party of this kind galloped up 
 to the residence of Edward Lane, and the following con- 
 versation ensued : 
 
 " We have come to get your hay and grain." 
 
 " You cannot have it.'' 
 
 " We will." ; 
 
 " You shall not. I have a special permit from the British 
 to retain the whole of it." 
 
 " Damn the British." 
 
 They hastened to the barn, and found that there was not 
 a bundle of straw or peck of wheat in it. The enemy had 
 been there before them. 
 
 An incident in which the Marquis de la Fayette par- 
 ticipated occurred in this vicinity, and is worthy of narra- 
 tion. The lady interested spent the greater part of a long 
 life in Schuylkill township. Soon after the battle of Bran- 
 dywine, Lafayette, who had been wounded, was conveyed 
 to the house of Dr. Stephens, a short distance from Valley 
 Forge, in order that his injuries might receive attention. 
 The office of the doctor, in the second story of the building, 
 with a flight of steps leading down into the kitchen, was 
 under the charge of his daughter, a young girl, afterwards 
 Mistress Elizabeth Rossiter. One morning, while she waS 
 engaged in cleaning the room, Lafayette entered, followed 
 by a young aide-de-camp. The aide, with French impulse, 
 seized the girl and kissed her. Lafayette turned quickly 
 about and unceremoniously kicked the young gentleman 
 down the steps and out of the house, telling him at tlie 
 same time that such conduct was not admissible. 
 
 Benedict Arnold, after the victory at Saratov, which 
 his gallantry had won, remained for a week a.t the housef of 
 Moses Coates. He had received three wounds in that en- 
 gagement, and Dr. Cochrane came daily from Moore Hall 
 
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GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 95 
 
 to dress them. While there Arnold prepared a luxurious 
 feast, to which many of the army officers were invited. 
 The table was arranged under a row of cherry-trees, to the 
 southeast of the dwelling, upon the bank of the meadow. 
 Twenty-one guests were present, among whom the only 
 civilian was Samuel Howard, an old Quaker from the val- 
 ley. From the army were Gens. Greene and Knox, Col. 
 Biddle and others. Gens. Lafayfette and Wayne, through 
 courtesy, came to the table, drank a few glasses of wine and 
 departed. Gen. Washington sent a note declining the in- 
 vitation, and expressing the opinion that such expensive 
 entertainments were ill-suited to times in which one-half 
 of the soldiers were suffering from the want of food and 
 clothing. Arnold had a personal guard of twelve men. 
 
 While the army was lying at Valley Forge a well-known 
 farmer of the valley, whose descendants still live upon the 
 place he owned, about four miles from Phceoixville, went 
 repeatedly to Gen. Wayne to complain of depredations com- 
 mitted by the soldiers upon his property. Wayne, annoyed 
 by these frequent visitations, and unable to prevent the men 
 from straggling away from camp, said to him, in irritation, 
 one morning, when he came to detail the circumstances of 
 another incursion, " Well, damn 'em, shoot 'em ! Why in 
 the devil don't you shoot 'em ?" A few days afterwards 
 the farmer, on going to his barnyard, saw a soldier sitting 
 beside one of his cows busily engaged in milking. Return- 
 ing to the house he procured a fire-arm, and without any 
 further ceremony killed the intruder. He was arrested, 
 tried by court-martial, and only escaped with his life by 
 pleading and proving the hastyj„ unintended advice of 
 Wayne. 
 
 A board of general ofiScers, convened at Valley Forge 
 Dec. 28, 1777, made the following arrangements concern- 
 ing rations : 
 
 "U ft Beef, Ift Pork, or IJ ft Salt Fish, per Man a Day; IJ ft 
 Soft Breiid or Flower, 1 ft Hard Bread, i Gill WUky or Rum per 
 Man per Day in Lieu of Beer; 3 ft Candles per 100 Men per Week 
 for Guards, 24 ft Soft Soap or 8 ft of hard Soap per 100 Men per 
 Week. 
 
 " N. B. — The Liquor to be Issued only in General or Special or- 
 ders." 
 
 On the 23d of October, 1777, Washington, accompanied 
 by his aides-de-camp, was ascending the hill at the Foun- 
 tain Inn tavern, on the suburbs of Phoenixville. The 
 general was a little in advance of the rest of his company, 
 when his attention was arrested by the shock of a terrific 
 explosion in the neighborhood of Philadelphia. In a mo- 
 ment every man had turned upon his saddle and was gazing 
 eagerly in the direction from which the sound had come. 
 
 " General," said one of the party, " they are cannon- 
 ading us somewhere." 
 
 " No, that isn't a cannon : a magazine has blown up." 
 
 His opinion proved to be correct. Two English frigates, 
 the "Augusta" and "Merlin," in attempting to pass the 
 chevaux-de-frise and fortifications in the Delaware, had run 
 aground, and were soon reached by hot shot from the bat- 
 teries. Their magazines exploded with a concussion that 
 shook the country for many mileS around. The wrecks of 
 these vessels lay in the river for years, slowly rotting away. 
 The anchor of the "Augusta" was raised and taken to 
 Philadelphia. There it was purchased by George Thomp- 
 
 son when proprietor of the iron-works at Phoenixville, and 
 was used by him for some purpose about his rolling-mill. 
 
 When the army encamped at Valley Forge many of the 
 farm-houses in this vicinity were selected by oflSoers for 
 their quarters. 
 
 Col. Clement Biddle was for some time at Moore 
 Hall ; Gens. Gates and Mifflin and Cols. Davis and 
 Ballard were quartered at the house of Moses Coates. They 
 had, in addition to their attendants, a guard of twenty-four 
 men. 
 
 OflScers were quartered for the winter at the house of 
 Edward Lane, and also at the house of Jacob Pennypacker. 
 The wife of the latter, nee Ann Pawling, is said to- have 
 complained very bitterly when her store of clothing was 
 taken away. As was the custom of the matrons of those 
 days, she had devoted the leisure hours of her life to the 
 manufacture of quilts, blankets, and woolen goods, which 
 were stowed away in chests for future use. She entreated 
 the detail to leave a portion of them, and the reply was, 
 " Madame, they are good, warm blankets." 
 
 A company of horse was stationed at the residence of 
 Matthias Pennypacker. The orchard was used as a parade- 
 ground, and the barn as a magazine. The powder was 
 kept in kegs and barrels upon the floor, and the building 
 was surrounded by a guard continually. It is also told, of 
 this good Mennonite that he secreted a quantity of his 
 neighbors' clothing in barrels. There was a constant picket- 
 guard through the winter on his property, where the West 
 Chester road crosses the Pickering Creek. 
 
 A number of sick soldiers were at the house of Philip 
 Rapp ; two of them died", and were buried in the woods. 
 
 The house of Henry Miller was converted into a com- 
 missary store. Eleven surgeons also lived in it, and every 
 morning they rode over to camp. Provisions were kept in 
 the cellar, and in the barn were a number of cattle ready 
 to be slaughtered. These animals, being of great import- 
 ance, were honored with a guard. 
 
 In the barii of David James spies, deserters, and delin- 
 quents were confined, and were watched continually by a 
 provost-guard. Daniel Sower was arrested upon some 
 charge, and kept there for several days. Nothing could be 
 proven, however, and he was liberated. 
 
 The old Varley house became a hospital. Six or seven 
 of the sick who were there died, and were buried in a field 
 a few steps to the northward from the southeast corner of 
 the farm recently occupied by George Hellerman. 
 
 There was a large hospital upon the farm of Joest Smith, 
 and the soldiers placed there had the smallpox and camp 
 fever. About forty-five of them died, and were buried be- 
 neath some cherry-trees, a hundred yards eastward from 
 the barn. 
 
 The largest hospital was erected upon some high ground 
 in a field on the Gwynn farm. About one hundred and 
 fifty men are supposed to have been buried around it. The 
 site has all been plowed over, and not a trace of it is to 
 be seen. 
 
 Many persons ofiered their teams voluntarily, and those 
 of others were impressed. They were used in hauling sup- 
 plies from a distance. In this service Edward Lane and 
 Jacob Pennypacker were engaged through the greater part 
 
96 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA; 
 
 af the winter. A large portion of the timber and all of 
 the rails from the fences in the immediate neighborhood 
 were burned. The fatted cattle were all killed, and many 
 cows were driven daily to the camp and there milked. 
 
 Generally, during the war, drafted men who did not wish 
 to enter the army were permitted either to pay a fine or 
 furnish a substitute. Occasionally, however, when the 
 exigencies of the service demanded it, sterner measures 
 were adopted. A miller by the name of Yost was taken 
 from the mill of Matthias Pcnnypacker without being given 
 time to change his clothes. He refused to go, and, mani- 
 festing some opposition, was hurried away bareheaded. 
 
 The headquarters of the general were at a stone house 
 on the lower side of Valley Creek, only a few yards distant 
 from the Reading Railroad. His wife spent the winter 
 there with him. Beneath one of the old-fashioned win- 
 dows is a secret place, in which he is said to have kept pri- 
 vate papers. At the door rests a large flat stone, serving 
 as a step, on which, at that time, a sentinel always stood 
 keeping guard. One very cold morning Washington, upon 
 starting away after breakfast, found the sentry at his post 
 endeavoring to keep warm by stamping his feet and clap- 
 ping his hands. Said the General, — 
 
 " My good man, have you had anything to eat this morn- 
 ing?" 
 
 " No, sir," was the reply. 
 
 " Give me your musket, then, and go inside and get 
 some breakfast," and the commander stood as a guard over 
 his own house, while his wife waited upon the soldier 
 within. 
 
 General Wayne, writing from Mount Joy on the 28th 
 of December, says, — 
 
 "At this inclement Season one third of our Troops are totally Des- 
 titute of either Shoes, Stockings, Shirts or Blankets, so that unless 
 they receive an immediate supply of these Necessary Articles, Sick- 
 ness, Death &, Desertion will be the inevitable consequence." — (Areh., 
 vol. vi. page 143.) 
 
 Washington, writing from Valley Forge, February 15, 
 1778, says, — 
 
 " I am constrained to inform Ton that the Situation of the army is 
 most critical &, alarming for want of provisions of the meat kind. 
 Many of the troops for four days & some longer, have not drawn the 
 smallest Supplies of this article. This being the case, it is needless to 
 add, to convince Tou of their distress they have been on the point of 
 dispersing <t without the earliest relief, no address or authority will 
 be Sufficient to keep them long together. Their patience A endurance 
 are great, but the demands of nature must be Satisfied. I must 
 therefore, Gentlemen, entreat & request your immediate & most 
 active exertions to procure & to forwarde to Camp as expeditiously as 
 possible, all the provisions of the meat kind which it may be in your 
 power to obtain. I would not have you wait till You collect a large 
 quantity, butwish You to Send on Supplies ns fast as you can get 
 them. The troops must have instant relief or we shall have reason to 
 apprehend the worst consequences. I need not mention to You the 
 necessity' of Secrecy, in an afTair of such delicacy, your own prudence 
 & discretion will point it out. The state of forage is the same 
 with that of provisions & a supply is materially wanted. Without it 
 & very speedily, we shall not have «, horse left."— (Arch., vol. vi. 
 page 263.) 
 
 Previous to the occupation of Philadelphia by the forces 
 of the enemy, Congress removed the seat of government 
 to York, and the Council of Safety withdrew to Lancaster. 
 Communication between these two places and the army at 
 
 Valley Forge was maintained by means of express-riders 
 who traversed the intervening country upon horseback. 
 One of these horsemen was Isaac Anderson, a son of Pat- 
 rick, then a youth, and afterwards a member of Congress 
 from this district. He was frequently intrusted with im- 
 portant dispatches by the commander-in-chief. 
 
 On the 18th of June, 1778, the British army evacuated 
 Philadelphia, and soon afterwards, the Americans having 
 withdrawn from this neighborhood, it was no longer the 
 scene of that commotion and disturbance which always at- 
 tend upon military occupation. 
 
 On the 18th of August, 1778, the vice-president of the 
 Council wrote to Col. William Evans, of Vincent, 
 Chester County, concerning a Quaker Tory named Thomas 
 Clarke, who had accompanied the British from the Elk 
 River, where they landed, to Philadelphia, and had been 
 subsequently captured, saying, — ^ 
 
 " His doings in this place are cast into equal shade with the prac- 
 tices of many evil-doers residing here. It is necessary to look abroad 
 for testimony. Benjamin Coates, near the Valley Forge, and Mrs. 
 Graham, at the Bull, in Charlestown, are represented as capable ol 
 giving evidence against this man." 
 
 To which the reply was, — 
 
 " Vincent, Chester County, September 1st, 1778. 
 "Sin, — On the 28th of Augt. I Reed your favour Dated the 18. 
 In obedience thereto I immediately Proceeded to Valley Forge and 
 saw Mr. Benjamin Coates and ex'd him Concerning Knowledge of 
 Thomas Clarks Being with the Enemysof this Countreyat his house, 
 who Saith that befor they Came be, the said Coates with his famalay, 
 fled and never saw Clark at all but was informed by Mis Graham 
 that he made his house his quarters in Company with one Slackhouse, 
 a tall, slender man, who said that he Came from Bucks County, and 
 appeared in the Habit of a Quaker. As said Coats Knew nothing 
 from his own Knowledge, thought it needless to send him to you. I 
 also Examined Mrs. Graham, a gentle woman of varacty, who saith 
 she Knew Clark well, and saw him Come with the English army. 
 As I thought her a very material witness I got her to Concent to 
 com to you on the 4th Day of this instant, to be Examined before 
 Council, to whom I think she will give general satisfaction Concerning 
 this matter. As to the Tory Estates, Col. Bell and myself are now 
 taking a return of them and in a few Days Expect to send an Exact 
 List to Council. 
 
 " I am your H Sert, Wm. Etans."* 
 
 Col. William Evans lived in the neighborhood of the 
 Yellow Springs, and took a very active part in maintaining 
 the colonial interests during the war. In 1777 he was 
 authorized to impress wagons and collect arms, accoutre- 
 ments, blankets, and similar articles from those persons in 
 the county who had not taken the oath of allegiance. Later 
 he was appointed a commissioner to purchase supplies, and 
 also a justice of the peace. 
 
 In the minutes of the Supreme Executive Council, under 
 date of the 28th of April, 1779, is the following: 
 
 " A letter from Patrick Anderson of 27th ins., representing that 
 Elections of officers in the militia have been held in Chester County & 
 voters admitted who have not taken the test &, returns of the said 
 election by Col. Gronow, Ordered, That the Secretary do write Col. 
 Gronow &, enquire into the aforesaid charge" (Col. Rec, vol. xi. 
 page 760) ; and under date of May 11th, "Col. Grono, Sub Lieuten- 
 ant of Chester County, attended in consequence of a Letter wrote 
 him on the 28th April, And it appearing that the Election referred to 
 in the said Letter was conducted without proper attention to the Test 
 Law &, that the said Election on that account is informal. Ordered, 
 That the same be vacated & that Col. Grono be directed to hold a new 
 
 * Arch., vol. vi. pages 709, 731. _ _ -■ - 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 97 
 
 Election as soon as convenient lib report to this Board, that Commis- 
 sions may issue without further delay." — (Col. Reo., vol. xi. page 
 172.) 
 
 Capt. MacFall died during tlie war, at the residence 
 of William Grimes, and was buried with military honors, 
 at the Friends' meeting-house in the valley. His parents 
 were Quakers, and when they arrived at the place of sep- 
 ulture his aged mother stood in a distant corner of the 
 yard. While the remains were being lowered into the 
 grave three cannon were discharged over them, and the 
 old lady, to whom this was little consolation for a lost son, 
 exclaimed, "There, you need not fire now, he is dead 
 enough ; cover him over." 
 
 In order to prevent Gen. Howe from obtaining supplies 
 for his army in the well-cultivated district west of the Schuyl- 
 kill, Gen. Potter, with six hundred militia, was ordered to 
 scour the country between that river and Chester. Con- 
 gress had also adopted a resolution subjecting to martial 
 law and death all who should furnish provisions or certain 
 enumerated articles, and who should be taken within thirty 
 miles of any place occupied by the British troops. 
 
 The army under Gen. Washington was now in the most 
 destitute situation for the want of clothing, blankets, etc., 
 besides which no provision had been made for the recruits 
 coming in. A strong appeal was made by Gen. Washing- 
 ton to Congress for supplies, who in turn had the matter 
 brought to the notice of the Executive Council. The fol- 
 lowing order from that body sufficiently explains the means 
 resorted to to obtain a portion of these supplies, without 
 which the army could not have been continued in the field : 
 
 "In Codncil, Lancaster, October 21, 1777., 
 . " Ordered, 
 
 "That Col. Evan Evans, Col. Wm. Evans, Col. Thomas, Col. Gib- 
 bons, Capt. Thomas Levis, Capt. William Brooks, and Capt. Jacob 
 Rudolph be authorized and required to collect without delay, from 
 such of the inhabitants of the County of Chester as have not taken 
 the oaths of allegiance and abj uration, or who have aided or assisted 
 -the enemy, arms and accoutrements, blankets, shoes, and stockings, 
 for the use of the army; that they appraise the same when taken, 
 according to their quality, allowing at the rate of three pounds for a 
 new single blanket, and give certificates for the same to the owners; 
 that they call to their aid the militia of this Commonwealth, who are 
 hereby ordered to obey and assist them in the execution of this 
 .order ; and that they deliver the same, so taken, to the order of the 
 Clothier General, or his agent, with whom they are to correspond in 
 the discharge of this business." 
 
 The Quakers having generally refused to take the oath 
 of allegiance and abjuration, were no doubt great sufi^erers 
 from the enforcement of this order, for, in addition to the 
 inconveniences of parting with articles provided for family 
 use, their conscientious scruples would not permit them to 
 receive the proffered compensation. 
 
 There was an outpost of the Valley Forge encampment 
 in Radnor, on the property now belonging to Tryon Lewis. 
 About seven acres of heavy timber had been cleared near 
 the middle of a large tract of woodland by the troops sta- 
 tioned here ; this was afterwards cultivated, and was well 
 known in the neighborhood as the " camp-field." Radnor 
 Friends' meeting-house, which is more than half a mile 
 distant from this camp-ground, was occupied in connection 
 with it, probably as officers' quarters and for a hospital. 
 The records of the society show that they were deprived 
 13 
 
 of the use of their meeting-house early in the year, " in 
 consideration of its being occupied by soldiers," and that it 
 required considerable repairs before it was put in a condi- 
 tion for holding a Monthly Meeting, which was not till near 
 the middle of 1780. 
 
 It is probable that during the winter and spring most of 
 the scouting-partics that served to restrain, in a measure, 
 the foraging of the enemy within our limits, and at the 
 same time to prevent disloyal farmers from carrying their 
 produce to the city, were detached from the outpost at 
 Radnor. The inhabitants of the townships on the eastern 
 margin of the county suffered severely while the enemy 
 occupied Philadelphia, and numbers of the Whigs were 
 captured and carried off as prisoners. 
 
 Notwithstanding the punishment of death was denounced 
 against those who furnished aid and comfort to the enemy, 
 still a large amount of marketing reached the British lines, 
 and those engaged in its transportation, when captured by 
 the American scouts, were rarely subjected to any other 
 punishment than the forfeiture of their goods and the im- 
 position of a fine. In default of the latter, a good whip- 
 ping was sometimes substituted. In the townships nearest 
 the city even some of those who were not disposed to 
 favor the enemy engaged in this traffic, for while persons 
 at a distance had no temptation but British gold, these had 
 no alternative but to carry their produce within the lines 
 of the enemy and receive its value or havje it taken with- 
 out compensation. 
 
 But our people were not subjected to the depreda- 
 tions of the enemy alone. The necessities of our army at 
 Valley Forge had become so great that Congress had 
 authorized the commander-in-chief to seize provisions for 
 its use at any place within seventy miles of his head- 
 quarters. Washington reluctantly yielded to the over- 
 whelming necessity that induced Congress to confer this 
 unusual authority upon him ; but he did yield, and in 
 order that the present year's crop should be made available 
 for the pressing necessities of the army, he had, early in 
 the winter, issued a proclamation enjoining and requiring 
 all persons residing within seventy miles of his headquarters 
 to thresh out one-half of their grain by the 1st of February, 
 and the other half by the 1st of March, under the penalty 
 of having all that remained in. sheaves after the last-men- 
 tioned period seized by the commissaries and quarter- 
 masters of the army and paid for as straw. The necessi- 
 ties of the army were too great to await the times specified 
 in the proclamation, and the general was obliged to keep 
 . parties of his troops threshing grain to prevent his supplies 
 from failing. Certificates were given for the property 
 taken for the American army, payable in Continental 
 money; but, unfortunately for the credit of the govern- 
 ment, this currency was never redeemed. 
 
 On the 10th, 11th, and 12th days of December, 1779, 
 Cornwallis, with a detachment of the British army, made 
 a sally from Philadelphia into Darby, Haverford, and Rad- 
 .nor, and at that inclement season of the year stripped many 
 families of all their provisions, their stock and provender, 
 and many articles of household furniture. These outrages 
 were premeditated, were committed under the eye of the 
 general, and by his authority, and many of them were 
 
98 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTrv PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 against persons who had never raised a hand against the 
 home government. For unfeeling brutality they scarcely 
 have a parallel in civilized warfare. 
 
 Many of the Whigs were captured at this time, and 
 many had been captured previously and carried to Phila- 
 delphia, where thoy were detained as prisoners till the 
 enemy evacuated the city ; but after that event the tables 
 were turned, for now the Tories who had given aid and 
 comfort to the enemy, or who were suspected of having 
 done so, were seized and tried as traitors, their property 
 confiscated, and a few were executed. 
 
 Several classes of the militia were called out in the year 
 1778, but many refused to turn out, and also refused to 
 pay their fines. When the goods of these defaulters, such 
 as horses, etc., were levied upon and sold, they would be 
 frequently stolen from the purchaser, which rendered the 
 collection of fines very difficult. 
 
 In 1777 but little tax was collected in this part of the 
 country. The presence of the enemy rendered its collec- 
 tion very difficult in some places, and the robberies com- 
 mitted by them made collections impossible in others. 
 Many collectors refused to serve, and paid their fines 
 during the period of the Revolution, but more particularly 
 in the years 1777 and 1778. Two taxes appear to have 
 been laid the latter year, but the commissioners of Chester 
 County reported to the Council on the 29th of May that 
 " they had not been able to get a return of property from 
 near one-third of the townships, the township assessors 
 having refused or neglected to act," owing, as the com- 
 missioners supposed, to the proximity of the enemy. The 
 delinquents were fined, and writs issued to the sheriff, but, 
 for the same reason, these writs were not executed. 
 
 In the minutes of a meeting of the county commis- 
 sioners, " held at the sign of the Ship in East Cain, Jan^ 
 y= 5'" 1778," the following entry occurs: 
 
 " The Board appointed Sketchley Morton, David Cloyd, and the 
 Clerk to remove the press and chest of booljs, papers Ac from Chester 
 . to James McClellans in Sadsbury." 
 
 The next meeting of the board was held at the house of 
 James McCleilan, on the 26th of the same month, when 
 " the committee appointed to remove the records from 
 Chester reported that they had removed the same accord- 
 ing to order & presented their bill of expense," etc. 
 
 During the occupation of Philadelphia by the enemy, 
 the armed galleys and other craft that escaped up the river 
 were sunk by order of Gen. Washington, to prevent them 
 from being captured, but after the evacuation they were 
 put afloat again, and some of them fitted up for active duty. 
 Mud Island Fort and Billingsport were both to be put in 
 repair and to be reoccupied ; the former was to be supplied 
 with two, and the latter with four, heavy guns. The Coun- 
 cil employed Col. John Bull to direct the workmen and to 
 complete the works, and agreed to pay him " three pounds 
 per day, and forage at Billingsport for one horse." 
 
 The evacuation of Philadelphia by the British was the 
 dawn of returning prosperity in this section of our country. 
 Up to this time Pennsylvania had suffered more from the 
 war than any other State, more of her men had been cap- 
 tured or lost, and no district had been so thoroughly plun- 
 ,dered as that which had beea overrun by G-en. Howe 
 
 between the Head of Elk and Philadelphia. From this 
 time till the end of the war our people suffered no serious 
 inconvenience beyond what was common all over the 
 country. 
 
 Perhaps the greatest inconvenience resulted from the 
 great depreciation of the paper money authorized, by Con- 
 gress. Early in the year 1779 it had depreciated so much 
 that the. price of every article had become almost fabulous 
 and yet it had not then reached its lowest point. A barrel 
 of flour was sold for twenty pounds, and a bushel of salt 
 for fifteen pounds ; a journeyman blacksmith was paid 
 eight pounds per day, and the price for shoeing a horse all 
 round was four pounds. 
 
 The county commissioners encountered very great diffi- 
 culties in levying taxes. The moderate fines that the law 
 had imposed upon officers for neglect of duty when the 
 currency was good failed to secure the services of those 
 whose duty it was to assess and collect the taxes. By a 
 minute made by the board of commissioners and county 
 assessors for Chester County, at a meeting held on the 
 18th of January, it appears that " from the greatest number 
 of townships" no return of taxable property had been 
 made. The assessment was consequently postponed till the 
 26th of April, the commissioners in the mean time having 
 borrowed money, and the Legislature having enacted a law 
 imposing fines on delinquent assessors and collectors more 
 in accordance with the inflated character of the currency. 
 
 Late in November the American army went into camp 
 in a strong position at Whitemarsh, (now) Montgomery Co., 
 where (and at Gulf Hills, fourteen miles from Philadelphia) 
 it remained, notwithstanding Gen. Howe's attempts to draw 
 Gen. Washington into battle, until it went into winter 
 quarters at Valley Forge, on the 18th of December, 1777. 
 
 THE ENCAMPMENT AT VALLEY EOEGE 
 was partly in Tredyffrin township, the line between Chester 
 and Montgomery Counties running through the encamp- 
 ment. The headquarters of Gens. Lafayette, Wayne, 
 Knox, and Woodford were in Tredyffrin, as was also the 
 encampment of the forces of Gens. Wayne and Scott, and 
 a part of those of Gens. Woodford and Poor.* The en- 
 campment was about two miles in length, its eastern ex- 
 tremity resting near the present Port Kennedy ; and stretch- 
 ing in a semicircle to the northwest, as far as the Gulf road, 
 were the brigades of Gens. Muhlenberg, Patterson, 
 Learned, Weeden, and Glover. Continuing west of that 
 road were the brigades of Poor, Wayne, and Scott, north 
 of the intersection of two small roads was Gen. Woodford, 
 and a short distance from him was stationed Knox's artil- 
 lery. From Knox, parallel with Valley Creek, extended 
 
 * The headquarters within the limits of Chester County wore Gen. 
 Lafayette's, at Samuel Howard's, now Edward Wilson's; Gen. Knox's, 
 at John Brown's, now Mrs. Mary Jones; Gen. Wayne's, at Joseph 
 Walker's, now Ivan Walker's; Gen. Woodford's and Count Dupor- 
 tail's, at John Havard's, now William Davis'. 
 
 The location of the brigades in Tredyffrin township were Gen. 
 Woodford's command, on the right, above Brown's orchard, extend- 
 ing as far east as the turn of the Baptist road; Gen. Knox's, about 
 the camp-house, extending towards the limekiln ; Gen. Scott's, on 
 Thomas Brown's patch, now owned by Kendall ; Gen. Wayne's, east 
 of Scott's location, extending forty or fifty perches; and Gen. Poor's, 
 east of Wayne's, about the same distanee. 
 
Id 
 
 -J 
 -J 
 
 *^ 
 
 u 
 
 to 
 
 •J 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 99 
 
 a line of intrenchments, from which abatis stretched 
 to the east to a point near the ford now known as Sullivan's 
 Crossing. The crossing was defended by a large star-shaped 
 redoubt, and below this redoubt was placed the command 
 of Gen. Varnum. Between the abatis and a line of re- 
 doubts on the north were Huntington, Maxwell, and Con- 
 way. The brigade of Mcintosh and Washington's Life- 
 Guards were stationed in the northeast portion of the camp, 
 below Valley Creek, on an eminence by the river. North 
 of the creek, near the Schuylkill, were the artificers. Ex- 
 cluding the last-named detachment, which was in the pres- 
 ent Schuylkill township, the camp was bounded on the 
 east by the Schuylkill Iliver, on the south and west by a 
 range of hills, and on the north by Valley Creek. 
 
 There is still preserved at Valley Forge a small two- 
 story stone house, which was the abode of the commandcr- 
 iu-chief It is situated on the Gulf road, at a point where 
 a back-road intersects. The back room of the first floor 
 was occupied by the general as both office and bedroom, 
 and under the window, in secret closets which still remain, 
 he was accustomed to deposit important papers. There may 
 also be seen the secret doors which were built to facilitate the 
 flight of Washington in case of any sudden invasion by 
 the enemy. During the Revolution, and for many years 
 subsequent, the house was the property of Isaac Potts, an 
 honest farmer. 
 
 Washington's headquaeters at valley forqe. 
 
 The sufierings of the patriot army at Valley Forge are 
 too well known to the general reader to require detail here. 
 Well might Washington exclaim, " Our sick naked, our 
 well naked, our unfortunate men in captivity naked ! Our 
 difliculties and distresses are certainly great, and such as 
 wound the feelings of humanity." 
 
 " leaked and starving as they are," writes one of their 
 officers, " one cannot sufficiently admire the incomparable 
 patience and fidelity of the soldiers, that they have not been 
 ere this excited by their sufl"erings to a general mutiny and 
 desertion." 
 
 In March Thomas Wharton wrote, in the name of Penn- 
 sylvania, — 
 
 "TIi« unpj,rallele(i patience and magnanimity with which the army 
 under Tour Exeeileniy'e command have endured the hardships at- 
 
 tending their situation, unsupplied as they have been through on un- 
 commonly severe winter, is an honor which posterity will consider as 
 more illustrious than could have been derived to them by a victory ob^ 
 tained by any sudden and vigorous exertion.'' 
 
 " I would cherish these dear, ragged Continentals, whose 
 patience will be the admiration of future ages, and glory in 
 bleeding with them," cried John Laurens in the enthusiasm 
 of 3'outh. " The patience and endurance of both soldiers and 
 officers was a miracle which each moment seemed to renew," 
 said Lafayette in his old age. But the noblest tribute 
 comes from the pen of him who knew them best : 
 
 " Without arrogance or the smallest deviation from truth, it may be 
 said (hilt no history now extant can furnish an instance of an army's 
 suffering such uncommon hardships as ours has done and bearing 
 them with the same piitienee and fortitude. To see men without 
 clothes to cover their nakedness, without blankets to lie upon, with- 
 out shoes (for the want of which their marches might be traced by the 
 blood from their feet), and almost as often without provisions as with 
 them, marching through the frost and snow, and at Christmas taking 
 up their winter quarters within a day's march of the enemy, without 
 a house or hut to cover them till they could be built, and submitting 
 without a murmur, is a proof of patience and obedience which in my 
 opinion can scarce be paralleled." 
 
 Such was Washington's opinion of the soldiers of Valley 
 
 Forge. 
 
 On the 18th of December, 1877, the one hundredth 
 
 anniversary of the establishment of the cantonment at 
 
 Valley Forge, " The Centennial Association of Valley 
 Purge" was organized. Committees were appointed to 
 make the necessary arrangements for a demonstration 
 on the centennial anniversary of the departure of Gen. 
 Washington's army from Valley Forge, and the mem- 
 orable event was befittingly celebrated June 19, 1878. 
 In the varied exercises of the day the National Guard 
 of Pennsylvania, Governor Hartranft, Gen. Hancock, 
 and many eloquent speakers, and numerous military and 
 martial bands, participated. In the procession and the 
 grand review, witnessed by a vast concourse of specta- 
 tors, were the following Chester County organizations : 
 Col. Rupert and staff, commanding five companies of 
 the Eleventh Regiment (West Chester Grays, Com- 
 % pany -C, of Coatesville, Company G, Media, Company 
 K, Chester, Wayne Fencibles) ; then followed the' 
 Washington Troop, Griffen Battery, Delaney Guards, 
 West Chester Pioneer Corps, Chester Springs Soldiers': 
 Orphans, and a delegation from the Phoenix Iron Com- 
 pany's Works. 
 From the eloquent address delivered on this occasion 
 
 by Hon. Henry Armitt Brown, of Philadelphia, a few 
 
 paragraphs are here given : 
 
 " And who are the leaders of the men whose heroism can sanctify a 
 place like this? Descend the hill and wander through the camp. . . . 
 
 " These are the huts of Huntington's brigade of the Connecticut 
 line; next to it those of the Pennsylvaniana under Conway. Beyond 
 Conway, on the hill, is Maxwell, a gallant Irishman, commissioned by 
 New Jersey. Woodford, of Virginia, commands on the right of the' 
 second line, and in front of him the Virginian, Seott. The next brigade 
 in order is of Pennsylvanians, many of them men whose homes are in 
 the neighborhood,— Chester County boys, and Quakers from the val- 
 ley, turned soldiers for their country's sake. They are the children 
 of three races, — the hot Irish blood mixes with the colder Dutch in 
 their calm English veins, — and some of them— their chief, for instance' 
 --are -splendid fighters. There he is at this moment riding up the 
 hill from his q-uarters in the va;lley. A man of medium height and- 
 
100 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 strong frame, he sits his horse -well and with a dashing air. His nose 
 is prominent, his eye piercing, his complexion ruddy, his whole ap- 
 pearance that of a man of splendid health and flowing spirits. He 
 is jutt the fellow to win by his headlong valor the nickname of ' The 
 Mad.' But he is more than a mere fighter. Skillful, energetic, full 
 of resources and presence of mind, quick to comprehend and prompt 
 to act, of sound judgment and extraordinary courage, he has in him 
 the qualities of a great general, as he shall show many a time in his 
 short life of one and fifty years. Pennsylvania, after her quiet fashion, 
 may not make as much of his fame as it deserves, hut impartial his- 
 tory will allow her none the less the honor of having given its most 
 brilliant soldier to the Revolution in her Anthony Wayne. 
 
 "And what shall I say of him who bears on his heart the weight of 
 all? Who can measure the anxieties that afflict his mind? Who 
 weigh the burdens that he has to bear? Who but himself can ever 
 know the responsibilities that rest upon his soul? Behold him in 
 yonder cottage, his lamp burning steadily through half the winter 
 night, his brain never at rest, his hand always busy, his pen ever at 
 work, now counseling with Greene how to clothe and feed the troops, 
 or with Steuben how to reorganize the service; now writing to Howe 
 about exchanges, or to Livingston about the relief of prisoners, or to 
 Clinton about supplies, or to Congress about enlistments or promo- 
 tions or finances or the French alliance; opposing foolish and rash 
 councils to-day, urging prompt and rigorous policies to-morrow ; now 
 calming the jealousy of Congress, now soothing the wounded pride of 
 ill-used oflicers; now answering the complaints of the civil authority, 
 and now those of the starving soldiers, whose sufferings he shares, 
 and by his cheerful courage keeping up the hearts of both. Modest 
 in the midst of pride, wise in the midst of folly, calm in the midst of 
 passion, cheerful in the midst of gloom, steadfast among the waver- 
 ing, hopeful among the despondent, bold among the timid, prudent 
 among the rash, generous among the selfish, true among the faithless, 
 greatest among good men and best among the great, — such was George 
 Washington at Valley Forge. 
 
 "The people in the vicinity of Valley Forge were by no means all 
 Quakers, and among them were many who had no scruples against 
 fighting, including the Scotch-Irish, who rather preferred it. Wash- 
 ington, indeed, wrote, in his letter to Congress explaining the reasons 
 for the failure of his campaign along the Schuylkill, that the people 
 of that region were to a man disaffected ; but in this instance the 
 general, much as we revere his character and admire his abilities, is 
 no safe guide to the historian. But four or five miles away lived 
 Anthony Wayne, the best executive officer in the Revolutionary 
 army. Five miles in another direction lay the Trappe, whence came 
 Gens. Peter Muhlenberg and Francis Swain. At the Valley Forge 
 was Col. William Dewees, whose property the British destroyed; and 
 on the Schuylkill, a few miles below, lived Col. John Bull, whose 
 house mrt a similar fate. At near points in the Chester Valley were 
 Col. Lewis Gronow, Lieut.-Col. Caleb Parry, who was killed at Lon» 
 Island, Dr. John Davis, surgeon of the Pennsylvania Musketry Bat- 
 talion, and Dr. Samuel Kennedy, who had charge of the hospital at 
 the Yellow Springs. In Vincent was Col. William Evans, and John 
 Beaton, one of the most active men in Pennsylvania in the organiza- 
 tion of troops and other military measures, was born within sight of 
 Valley Forge. At the time Washington wrote that letter, Capt. Patrick 
 Anderson (whose home, only two miles from the Forge, the British 
 ransacked and devastated] had in his army a company recruited in 
 that neighborhood, and Isaac Anderson was with him temporarily 
 with a company of militia. Capt. William Bodley, whose residence 
 was near where the Phoenixvillc road is, Capt. Alexander McCara- 
 gher, and Capt. John Pugh all had companies in the service some 
 time during the war. Lieuts. Hezekia^ Davis, Llewellyn Davis, and 
 Ezekiel Howell lived in the adjacent township of Charlestown. In 
 Providence, across the river, were Capts. Henry Pawling and John 
 Edwards and Lieut. Thomas Morgan. 
 
 "The names of privates, unfortunately, are not so easily ascer- 
 tained, but I am ready to furnish satisfactory evidence that the fol- 
 lowing-named men, living within a, circuit of four miles of Valley 
 Forge, served at one time or other in the Revolutionary army; Pat- 
 rick MacFall, of the Bull tavern, Samuel Roberts, Frederick Yost, 
 Isaac Richardson, William Schofield, James Sehofield, George Scho- 
 field, Frederick Gearheart, John Parry, Jacob Varley, Jacob Boyer, 
 John Humphrey, Samuel Williams, George Lute, Jacob Humble, Ja- 
 cob Walters, Benjamin Boyer, Roger Little, Thomas Roberts, Lewis 
 Pearce, James Boyles, Mordecai Williams, Nicholas Pergrin, Frederick 
 
 Fooae, Peter Rambo, Phineas John, and James Martin, who died in. 
 the service. Now it may be that there were other localities in other 
 provinces which contributed more towards the Revolutionary cause, 
 but I do not know them, and certainly this is enough to show that 
 though there were cases of individual disaffection, any sweeping 
 charge of disloyalty is mistaken. Gen. Howe says, in his 'Narra- 
 tive,' p. 56, 'Through the whole march of the army, from the Head of 
 Elk to Philadelphia, the male inhabitants fit to bear arms (a very few 
 excepted) had deserted their dwellings, and I had great reason to 
 believe were in arms against us.' " 
 
 June 19, 1879, Washington's headquarters at Valley 
 Forge were dedicated with appropriate and impressive cere- 
 monies, the new corner-stone being laid by the Grand 
 Lodge of Free Masons of Pennsylvania. J. Smith Futhey, 
 the president of the day, then delivered some appropriate 
 remarks, which were followed by an oration by ex-Governor 
 Pollock. Valley Forge he called the " Mecca of America," 
 where civilians would flock to imbibe lessons of patriotism, 
 and soldiers to acquire inspirations of valor. A large as- 
 semblage was present, and seven companies of the Sixth 
 Regiment and the Griffon Battery, of Phoenixvillc, partic- 
 ipated in the day's exercises. 
 
 HOSPITALS IN CHESTER COUNTY FOR WOUND- 
 ED REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS— MONUMENTS 
 ERECTED TO THEIR MEMORY. 
 
 After the battle of Brandywine it became necessary to 
 provide hospitals for the sick and wounded. Gen. Lafay- 
 ette was eared for by the Moravians at Bethlehem. The 
 German Seventh-day Baptists, who had a monastic institu- 
 tion at Ephrata, in Lancaster County, and who were de- 
 cided Whigs in sentiment, although opposed to war, opened 
 their whole establishment, and converted their large build- 
 ing into a hospital. 
 
 The barn of Joseph Downing, at Downingtown, was used 
 as a hospital, and also the next summer, and its use in 
 ITlS prevented the storing of hay in it. Forty soldiers 
 were buried on the Downing farm, but no marks now re- 
 main to show the place of interment. In the fall of 1777, 
 Mr. Downing's team was away in the army, when the seed- 
 ing was done with an old mare and oxen, driven by Joseph 
 Downing, Jr., father of Richard I. Downing, who says he 
 cut up the steps the soldiers used in going up and down in 
 the barn. 
 
 The Uwchlan Friends' meeting-house, at Lionville, was 
 occupied as a hospital. This stone meeting-house was 
 erected in 1756, is still standing, and used by llie society, 
 and traces of blood therein are still visible from the 
 wounds of the Revolutionary soldiers who for months were 
 lodged in it, many being of the wounded at Paoli. The 
 old school-house at the intersection of the Valley and- 
 Brandywine roads, at the Turk's Head tavern (now West 
 Chester), was occupied as a hospital for the accommodation- 
 of the wounded Americans who had suffered in the Bran- 
 dywine battle, a number of whom died and were buried in. 
 the open space left for the use of the school-house, on thfr 
 north side of the road leading to the Brandywine. The 
 hospitals at Yellow Springs (since called Chester Springs)^ 
 where Washington had for a time his headquarters, were 
 well arranged and quite commodious, as, owing to the; 
 Springs having been a place of great resort since 1750, 
 great improvements for those days had been made to it by 
 
GIINERAL HISTORY. 
 
 101 
 
 John Bailey, a silversmith of Philadelphia. Washington 
 utilized all these improvements, especially for the sick and 
 wounded of his men. 
 
 The wives of Zachariah Rice and Christian Hench died 
 from typhus fever contracted in the hospital at the Yellow 
 Springs while on errands of mercy, carrying food and deli- 
 cacies to the invalid soldiers. The following spring a sur- 
 geon of the army, named Dr. McCuryher, in going from 
 the camp to the Yellow Springs, stopped to water his horse 
 in the creek below the hospital, and the horse becoming 
 frightened, threw his rider, breaking his neck. The doc- 
 tor's effects were administered to by Maj. Christy, who 
 commanded at the hospital, and were sold at public sale. 
 Maj. George Hartman had seen the notice, and attended 
 the sale with a view to purchase his silver watch. He pur- 
 chased it for eight hundred dollars. Continental money, 
 being his wages for three campaigns as drummer and driv- 
 ing team for Washington's army while at Valley Forge. 
 This watch he directed should descend to the eldest son in 
 a direct line. During the time the army was encamped at 
 Valley Forge, the hospital at the Yellow Springs was full 
 of soldiers with typhus fever and smallpox, many of whom 
 died. One of George Hartman's brothers-in-law, who was 
 at home during the winter and played the fife, was sent 
 for almost every morning to assist in playing the "Dead 
 March" at the funeral of a soldier who had died during the 
 night, numbers of whom lie buried in the meadow in front 
 of the old hospital at the Yellow Springs. It being a dif- 
 ficult matter to obtain necessary drugs for the use of the 
 army, our surgeons had recourse to many articles of our 
 indigenous flora, American senna and white-walnut bark 
 being substances largely in demand. 
 
 On the farm of Herman Prizer, in East Coventry town- 
 ship, formerly stood a barn, torn down many years ago, 
 which was used as a hospital for the American forces dur- 
 ing the Revolutionary war. About one hundred and fifty 
 yards northwest of the barn, in a small copse of woods be- 
 longing to John Ellis, Esrq., are the graves of sixteen 
 American soldiers. The mounds over these graves are 
 still visible, being side by side, in a straight line, and about 
 four feet apart. There are no head- or foot-stones. About 
 three hundred yards north of the hospital more soldiers 
 were buried ; but a public road was laid out through this 
 section many years ago, and the mounds were leveled down 
 to make a thoroughfare right over the patriots' heads. 
 
 Many churches and meeting-houses in Chester County 
 were converted into hospitals, and among them were the 
 German Reformed church in East Vincent township, on 
 the Ridge or Nutt's road, and Zion Lutheran church, on 
 the Schuylkill road, in East Pikeland township, about one 
 mile apart. 
 
 Many of the wounded soldiers from the field of Brandy- 
 Wine were removed to these churches, and their moans and 
 groans as they passed along the roads gave the inhabitants 
 indications of how near to them the tide of war was rolling. 
 A small detachment of soldiers accompanied them, and 
 were encamped for a time in a buckwheat-field belonging 
 to Peter Miller, near the German Reformed church. The 
 grain was nearly ready for the sickle, and was wholly de- 
 stroyed. After the main army took up their winter quar- 
 
 ters, in the month of December, 1777, at Valley Forge, 
 the sick and wounded were provided for in private houses, 
 meeting-houses, and wherever suitable accommodations 
 could be had. The German Reformed and Lutheran 
 churches above alluded to continued to be occupied as 
 hospitals during the entire winter of 1777-78. The 
 German Reformed church on the Ridge road, then a log 
 structure, stood on very high ground, and was visible to 
 the naked eye from the Valley Forge encampment, on the 
 North Valley hill, and with the aid of a glass one could 
 be very plainly seen from the other. Gen. Washington, 
 whose heart was with his men, frequently visited these 
 hospitals, and while at the one on the Ridge road his 
 headquarters were at an old log house on the farm recently 
 owned by George Snyder, about one-fourth mile north of 
 the church, and within sight of it.* 
 
 A very malignant fever broke out among those quar- 
 tered in the churches named,' and many of them died. 
 Twenty-two were buried on grounds belonging to Henry 
 Hippie, Sr., near the East Vincent church. He always 
 preserved the spot as sacred ground, and protected their 
 graves with a good fence. Two soldiers also died in an old 
 log barn on the farm lately owned by James Hause, about 
 five hundred yards from the church, and were buried on 
 the bank of a small stream on the farm. The place of 
 their burial was marked, and is known. During the same 
 period a number died at Zion church, but there is nothing 
 to mark their resting-place, and their exact number is not 
 known. In the year 1831 steps were taken by the military 
 volunteer organizations of Chester County to inclose the 
 remains of the twenty-two soldiers who were buried near 
 the church on the Ridge road, and to erect a monument 
 to their memory. The monument is at the foot of the 
 hill, and is a marble pyramid about eight feet high, inelosed 
 by a strong wall. It bears the following inscriptions : 
 
 On the southwest side : 
 
 " Virtue, Liberty, iind Indeiiendenee." 
 
 On the southeast side : 
 
 " Within tliese walls surrounding they 
 Can yet be thought to claim'a tearj 
 Oh, smite thy gentle breast, and say, 
 'The friends of freedom slumber here.' 
 
 " We here their humble graves adorn, — 
 We, too, may fall and ask a tear, — 
 'Tis not the beauty of the morn 
 
 That proves the evening shall be clear." 
 
 On the northwest side : 
 
 " Their names, though lost in earth below, 
 And hence are not recorded here. 
 Are known where lasting pleasures flow, 
 Beyond the reach of death and fear. 
 
 * In the winter of 177?-78, it is said, a detachment from the British 
 army, pwbabiy piloted by Tories, crossed French Creek at what 
 is now Snyder's Mills, one mile south of the German Keformed; 
 church on the Ridge road, for the purpose of endeavoring to capture 
 Gen. Washington while he was on a visit to the hospital, bat they 
 failed in their purpose. There was a village of some seventeen houses 
 near where they crossed the creek, and in their rage they burned 
 these houses, and killed some of the occupants before they could make 
 their escap*. This is the tradition of that neighborhood. ' ' 
 
102 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 " Their feet have tro'd misfortune's sands. 
 Their lives by hardships worn down; 
 They're gone, we trust, to better lands, 
 To brighter sunshine of their own." 
 
 On the northeast side : 
 
 " Sacred to the memory of Twenty-two Eevolutionary Soldiers, who 
 in the fall of 1777, when the American Army had encamped at the 
 Valley Forge, were lodged in the Herman Reformed Church, (in 
 sight) then occupied as an hospital; who there, distant from their 
 homes, uncomforted by friends and kind relations, deceased in the 
 spring of 1778, of a fever then prevailing in the camp ; who were 
 interred in this ground and where they slumbered in their peaceful but 
 neglected tomb [except that Mr. Henry Hippie, Sr., preserved the 
 ground,] until the Union Battalion of Volunteers of Chester County, 
 aided by the generous and patriotic people of ibis vicinity, resolved to 
 have them enclosed and a monument placed over them; the founda- 
 tion of which accordingly was laid on the 19th of November, 1831, 
 upon which acca:sion regular military ceremonies were observed, and 
 a funeral oration delivered, to perpetuate the profound regard due the 
 individuals who paid the forfeit of their precious lives for our sacred 
 rights, and for privileges which they were never permitted to enjoy, 
 and to contribute to generations unborn, the memory of the precious 
 price of the Liberty & Independence of our happy Union. They have 
 raised this Monument on the 25th of October 183.S, and which they 
 also dedica-te to the memory of a number of other Revolutionary Sol- 
 diers who, the same time and same manner, deceased in the Lutheran 
 Church (then used a!> an hospital and are buried near it and in other 
 places of this vicinity)." 
 
 In the lapse of years the wall began to crumble and be- 
 come dilapidated ; a committee was appointed about the 
 year 1868 to take steps for the necessary repairs. The 
 grounds had been donated by the then owner, Henry 
 Hippie, Sr., but they had not been formally conveyed, and 
 Reuben Beerbower, who had become the holder of the legal 
 title, at the request of the committee, by deed dated Nov. 
 17, 1868, conveyed to Joseph P. Mitchell, Charles Holman, 
 and Davis Yeager, as trustees, in fee simple, " all that cer- 
 tain Revolutionary soldiers' cemetery and lot of ground, 
 situated on the Ridge or Nutt's road, in East Vincent town- 
 ship, Ciiester County," bounded as described in said deed, 
 and containing twelve and thirty-seven-hundredths square 
 perches. This deed, which was prepared by Davis Hause, 
 Esq., contains a clear and succinct account of the hospital, 
 and of the erection of the monument. It is recorded in 
 the recorder's office, in Deed-Book W. 7, page 297. 
 After the conveyance funds were collected, and a substan- 
 tial wall re-erected on three sides of the lot, and an iron 
 fence in front. These repairs and improvements were com- 
 pleted about the year 1870. 
 
 GEN. WASHINGTON'S JOUKNEY FROM CHESTER 
 SPRINGS TO READING. 
 
 When Washington was about leaving Chester Sprint's 
 he made inquiries for a trusty guide to pilot him to Read- 
 ing. Capt. Joha Ralston was recommended to him to be 
 such an one. The general wrote a few lines, and sent one 
 of his officers to order Capt. Ralston to appear before him. 
 The latter was making some excuses, but the request was 
 pressing. He went with the bearer of the order, though 
 in great alarm, not knowing for what purpose he was wanted. 
 But his good conscience cheered him, as he had done no 
 harm to his country, and had acted the part of a good pa- 
 triot. With this feeling he recovered his composiire, and 
 when he arrived at Washington's headquarters he was in- 
 
 troduced to the general by his guide saying, " Here is Capt. 
 Ralston." Washington made inquiries how far he lived 
 from the Springs, and how far his father lived from them ; 
 how they all were, and where lie had been. When the 
 captain had answered all these questions, the next waa, 
 "Are you acquainted with all the roads in these parts?" 
 When Washington put this last question he stood di- 
 rectly before the captain, who had been requested to take a 
 seat. 
 
 Then, the captain used to say, his heart beat faster than, 
 ever before as he looked at this monstrous big man. The 
 captain replied " Yea ;" and then he was asked if he knew 
 such and such a road that the general mentioned. The captain 
 saying he knew of none by that name, the general quickly 
 clapped his hand in his pocket and drew out a book of 
 maps (all which time the captain knew nothing of the gen- 
 eral's design), and looking for the road he intended to in- 
 quire about. Tie said : " The Ridge road, leading by Brum- 
 back's church." Whereupon the captain answered "Yes; 
 he was well acquainted with it." " Then," said Wash-. 
 ington,"'laying his hand on the captain's shoulder, "you 
 must be my pilot to Reading," and not until then did the 
 captain's heart cease its violent beating. He was ordered 
 to be ready at such an hour on the morrow at his head- 
 quarters. The captain did as ordered, and the line of 
 march was commenced from the Springs to Kimbertoo. 
 (now) ; then continued down Branson's road to where the 
 Crcneral Pike tavern is, where this and the Schuylkill road 
 forks to get across French Creek bridge, as th^re was no 
 stone bridge known in those times. Then they went up 
 tjie Ridge road, which went in front of the German Re- 
 formed church on the hill (then full of sick soldiers), and 
 thence up the road to where tents had been struck for the 
 first night's quarters. The general occupied the house yet 
 standing, and lately the residence of the family of Widow 
 Francis, which quarters the captain had gone ahead and 
 prepared for Washington. Next day the line of march 
 was up the Ridge road to where the Ridge and Branson's 
 road meets, — the place lately John Young's, — and here waa 
 Washington's second night's lodging. (For this house,; 
 when erected. Col. Bull did the masonry work.) The 
 next day the captain was discharged, as the perilous part, 
 of the journey was over, and the roads were from this on. 
 better known.* 
 
 IMPORTANT EVENTS RELATIVE TO CHESTER 
 COUNTT, 1777 TO 1784— DOINGS OF THE COUN-, 
 OIL OF SAFETY, Etc. 
 
 Sept. 17, 1777, Council of Safety urged the fifth class 
 of Chester County militia into the field with all possible 
 dispatch. Chester County believed to be well furnished,, 
 and that two thousand blankets might be had there. 
 
 Council of Safety to Col. Smith, Lieutenant of Chester, 
 County: 
 
 "Lancaster, 14 Novr. 1777. 
 
 "Sir, — Information, from per3onsofoharacter,hascometbthe'Conn- 
 
 cil that Mr. John James, of the city of Philadelphia, a person whose 
 
 uniform conversation and conduct has heretofore fixed on him the 
 
 charge of enmity to the cause of liberty, had lately been clandestinely, 
 
 * This anecdote of Capt. Ealstoh was written by Frederick' Shrudef,-' 
 his intimate friend, in 1846. 
 
■^?-:^!5.*^'^;!*.vj: 
 
 Res. OF FRANCIS GOOD, West CmvE 
 
 CnesTEH Co. PA. ' 
 
 ff£S. OF A.D. HARLAN Co/\jesville , Chester Co. Pa. 
 
^a 
 
 Home. Res of MOSES ROSS, PARHtsc^nt, Chester Co Pa 
 
 
 
 ;iv<:,;S»»^''^^?=fc:'-"fe " ^k 
 
 /vf/?/W Res. OF MOSES ROSS, West Derr^ 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 loa 
 
 ■ sent out- by General Howe, to promote the views of our Invaders. 
 Such miscreants ought to be hunted down, and laid hold off, by every 
 good man, but Council are particularly bound to secure these danger- 
 ous emissaries, in order to their condign punishment. I therefore 
 apply to you, in order to get the person above named, and any others 
 
 'acting in like manner, certainly and speedily arrested. For this pur- 
 pose it will be proper to watch the meetings of the Quakers. At 
 these assemblies, agents of this nature will without doubt, be busy 
 and mischievous. Prudence directs that secrecy be used ; and there- 
 fore the design of laying hold of them should be imparted with cau- 
 tion, and not without necessity. John James is about 35 years of 
 age, five feet & ten inches high ; slenderly made, his ey^s dark, he 
 stoops in wajking, his shoulders fall greatly ; and he leans sideways ; 
 his hair, for he wears no wig, is of a dark hue, and his hat very plain. 
 He generally uses clothes of a light drab color, made in the 'strictest 
 Quaker fashion,' being lengthy in the skirts and without pockets. 
 But as he is a native of Chester County, he will probably be known 
 among you, and better ascertained by your neighbors than by any 
 description. For this man you have under cover of this letter, a 
 warrant, Iho it is expected that all agents of the enemy will be in- 
 dustriously sought after and apprehended by you and many other 
 friends of their country, without such formality." 
 
 January 13th. Jacob Dingee and Richard Strode delivered 
 the body of Charles Dingee, late of the county of Chester, 
 to the order of the Council of Safety, agreeably to the 
 condition of a bond by them given, with Thomas Meteer, 
 to His Excellency the President, taken by Elias Boudinot, 
 etc. 
 
 " Order by Council, that the said Charles Dingee be committed to 
 the goal of this (Lancaster) County, there to remain until he shall 
 take the oath or affirmation of allegiance and give security," etc. 
 
 March 11, 1778, the Council write to Col. Andrew 
 Boyd, ,pf Chester County, as follows : 
 
 " Sir, — Council are informed that there is a quantity of Pjiper at 
 'the paper-mill belonging to Mr. Wilcocks in your county. This is an 
 article so essentially necessary at this time of distress and difficulty, 
 when our ports are shut up, that it is the opinion of Council it should 
 be immediately secured and taken to some place of safety. Council 
 therefore request you to undertake the business ; and as it is probable 
 that the enemy will counteract the design unless you conduct yourself 
 with great secrecy and dispatch, as I am informed that Mr. Wilcocks 
 is in the city of Philadelphia, I think it necessary to caution you on 
 this bead. You are hereby authorized to call on the wagon master of 
 your County for wagons as you may have occasion, and if you find a 
 Ghiard of Militia to be necessary, which I think it absolutely so, the 
 powers with which you are invested, they may easily be procured, but 
 none of them should be intrusted with the secret unless it be the officer 
 commanding the party. As it is intended that the owner shall be 
 paid a reasonable price for the paper, you will please to leave a cer- 
 tificate with some of the family, for the quantity you may take. It 
 is the request of Council that you make particular inquiry respecting 
 the conduct of the people that are carrying on the business at the 
 Paper-Mill, and what stock of raw material is on hand, as it is 
 .'hinted to, Council that they are unfriendly to the American cause. 
 
 " P. S. — Mr. Wilcocks has in his possession a Mould for making 
 paper beloiiging to this State, which I request you to bring away. 
 It is marked with the word Pennsylvania in 24 places. He did prom- 
 ise, if the enemy came that way, he would throw it into the Mill 
 Dam.." 
 
 April 2, 1778, in Council, at Lancaster. An order was 
 "drawn on the treasurer in favor of Stephen Cochran, Esq., 
 for the sum of two thousand pounds, to be by him paid to 
 Mr. Samuel Futhey, of the county of Chester, to purchase 
 horses with to mount the cavalry, agreeably to the request 
 of the committee of Congress lately at camp. 
 
 April 12th. Forfeited estates noted to be sold : of Nathan- 
 iel Vernon (late sheriff of Chester County), of Curtis Lewis 
 (blacksmith), and of Richard Swanwick, all of Chester 
 County. 
 
 April 22d. Col. Andrew Boyd writes to President 
 Wharton, acquainting His Excellency of a set of " Tory 
 horse-thieves" that is in this county. According to the 
 Pennsylvania Archives, in some few instances it was re- 
 ported that the Quakers insulted, and even attempted to fire 
 on, two different guards Col. Boyd had in collecting fines ; 
 so the colonel himself wrote. 
 
 May 5th. An order was drawn on the treasurer in favor of 
 Caleb Davis for fifteen pounds for six days' riding to Gen. 
 Potter's camp, and through the neighborhood of Darby 
 and Chester, in order to gain intelligence. 
 
 May 6th. The Council, taking into consideration the ap- 
 pointing of commissioners, agreeably to the act of attain- 
 der, etc., ordered that the following persons be appointed, 
 to wit : For Chester County, William Evans, Thomas Chey- 
 ney, Thomas Levis, Patterson Bell, and John Hannum. 
 
 May 8th. Council orders that, among others, Henry 
 Skyles, Thomas Bulla, and David Dawson, husbandmen ; 
 Jacob James, late of the township of Goshen, inn-keeper ; 
 Joseph Thomas (heretofore sub-sheriff), yeoman ; Nathaniel 
 Vernon, Jr., laborer; and John Swanwick, late of the cus- 
 tom-house, Philadelphia, all late of the county of Chester, 
 be required to appear and abide trial for adhering to the 
 enemy, etc. 
 
 May 21st. Resolved, That a warrant do issue to the wagon- 
 master of Philadelphia County for fifty wagons, and the 
 like warrant to the wagon-master of Chester County for 
 forty wagons. 
 
 June 4, 1778. On the representation of Col. John 
 Hannum of the ravages made by the enemy in their march 
 through Chester County, and of the great quantities of pro- 
 visions, forage, etc., which have been furnished by the peo- 
 ple of that county for the use of the army, for which they 
 have received certificates only, and the great diflBculties the 
 people are under in raising the substitute money and mili- 
 tia fines due from them. Ordered, That good and sufficient 
 certificates from the known commissioners, deputy quarter- 
 masters, or commissaries be received in payment of sub- 
 stitute money and militia fines from those persons to whom 
 such certificates have been given, but not from any per- 
 sons who may have obtained assignments of such certifi- 
 cates, except only in such cases where divers persons, each 
 having such certificates, pay their fines by some one of 
 such certificates. 
 
 June 4, 1778. John McMekin, constable of the town- 
 ship of East Fallowfield, in Chester County, laid before 
 the Council an account of expenses in bringing to the gaol 
 of this (Lancaster) county from the county of Chester 
 James Chalfant and Evan Chalfant, charged with having 
 taken prisoner one of the inhabitants of said county, and 
 attempting to carry him to the enemy, amounting to the 
 sum of eleven pounds and six shillings, which was allowed. 
 
 June 15, 1778. A proclamation was issued by the Su- 
 preme Executive Council designating as traitors a large 
 number of persons— nearly five hundred — belonging to the 
 commonwealth, of whom sixty-five are named as now or 
 late of the county of Chester. 
 
 January 15, 1779. Capt. William Mackey, of the Penn- 
 sylvania regiment, who was wounded at the battle of Bran- 
 dy wine, taken prisoner, and now on parole, .prays for a suit 
 
104 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 of clothes, whereupon ordered by Council that he be fur- 
 nished with same and two shirts. 
 
 July 13, 1779. Andrew Boyd was desired to purchase 
 and forward six hundred barrels of flour from Chester 
 County to Philadelphia. 
 
 July 14th. William Clingan, Esq., of Chester County, 
 was appointed to receive subscriptions, and transmit the 
 same to the loan-officer, agreeably to the resolve of Con- 
 gress of June 29th for borrowing twenty millions of dollars. 
 
 June 15, 1780. Col. John Hannum writes from Brad- 
 ford, Chester County, to President Reed : 
 
 " Sin, — Pursuant to your orders, I have collected 28 cattle and 101 
 eheep,— all that I could collect in so short a time, not having reed 
 your orders till the ll"" inst. It gives me concern that the army is 
 reduced to the extremity they are, being well assured that one person 
 may be found that will engage to furnish the Penn* troops with every 
 necessary provisions, and to suffer death the day they are destitute 
 thereof." 
 
 June 27th. Council drew orders in favor of Gideon Gil- 
 pin, James Hannum, Israel Gilpin, and Caleb Pyle, for cattle 
 purchased by John Hannum for the use of the army. 
 
 August 4th. The Council appoint David Wilson, Thomas 
 Strawbridge, Owen Thomas, John Crosby, George Pierce, 
 and Joseph Speer to collect horses in Chester County, 
 especially from the disaffected, for the use of the govern- 
 ment. John Beaton appointed paymaster of the Chester 
 County militia. 
 
 February 14, 1783. Col. John Hannum wrote to Presi- 
 dent Dickinson about the sale of Hog Island, the prop- 
 erty of Joseph Galloway, attainted for high treason. 
 
 March 1, 1783. The Executive Council received a peti- 
 tion from Frederick Buzzard, convicted of misdemeanors 
 upon three indictments in Chester County in aiding British 
 prisoners to escape, praying remission of his fines, and upon 
 consideration two-tliirds of them were remitted. On Feb- 
 ruary 12, 1784, Buzzard again petitioned, and for the re- 
 mission of the other one-third, but his prayer was rejected. 
 
 On February 22, 1783, in the Executive Council, a peti- 
 tion was read from Anne Allen, in behalf of her husband, 
 John Allen, convicted of misdemeanors in Chester County 
 in aiding British prisoners to escape, together with a recom- 
 mendation from Honorable George Bryan in his behalf, 
 and on consideration the fine and punishment of whippin"' 
 was remitted. 
 
 May 13, 1783. Upon the petition of Isaac Pyle, con- 
 victed of a misdemeanor in aiding British prisonere to escape, 
 and sentenced at the late Court of Oyer and Terminer, held 
 for the county of Chester, to a fine of fifteen pounds, etc., 
 Council orders that his imprisonment, on his dischargin"' 
 the fine adjudged to the State, his fees, and the costs of 
 prosecution, and upon his also finding sufficient security 
 for his good behavior, be remitted. 
 
 Rev. John Carmichael to the president: 
 
 "Bast Caln, Jan'y 27th, 1780. 
 
 " May it Pleaar your Excellency : As a Sworn, faithful member of 
 the State, I think it my duty to inform your Excellency of what I 
 have by good authority, which I believe to be fact, viz : The atrocious 
 villany of a certain Phenias Whiteker, a Miller in this Neighborhood, 
 in the Township of Bast Cain, in this County of Chester. The affair, 
 ty information, is as foUoweth : 
 
 "When a Division of our Standing army, on their march to the 
 poutherd came up on their way as far as Downingstown, they wore 
 
 it is said, out of flour to make bread ; the mills in all these parts 
 'were then froze fast, except this Phenias Whiteker'sj the Comisary 
 bought sixty bushels of Wheat of Mr. John Ligget, my next Neigh- 
 bour, to grind down for the relief of the Troops. But when this 
 Enemy, this Phenias Whiteker, knew it was for our soldiers, he 
 would not grind one grain of it, for he had it then in his power to 
 strike a capital blow for one man against 500 brave Troops under 
 pretense of Conscience, for he professes to be a Quaker, but if it was 
 Conscience, it must have been a very ignorant and partial one, for on 
 that principle he ought not to grind for any of the people in these 
 parts who have taken the oath of alegience to the State and who are 
 supporters of the war, for we are as much to blame or more than the 
 soldiers, we are their employers. 
 
 " I think such impotent, insolent contempt of Government ought 
 not to pass over unnoticed, least it may make him and the like of 
 him to despise authority. It is very probable no regular information 
 is tabled to any magistrate yet on the heat, or he would be dolt withj 
 he is in the midst of a whig settlement, 
 
 "If your excellency will write to William Clingan, Egq'r, a faith- 
 ful, Judicious magistrate close bye, to call this Raskel before him, 
 and if he be found guilty let him be dealt with as the state of the case 
 may require. I hope your excellency's Ac. Family are well. I am 
 "Your Excellency's most obedient 
 
 " A Very Humble Ser't, 
 
 " JoHK Cabmichael. 
 " his Excellency Jos. Keed, Esq'r. 
 
 '* P. S. — please to not make my name public if it is not necessary, 
 as it will kindle the rage of the whole quaker society against me, and 
 they may, perhaps employ some Ruffin to Bum my House and Bam 
 or do me so great mischief secritly, for they have not taken the oaths 
 to the States, and we know they are our bitter enemies, if they dared 
 to show it. But if it is necessary to enform how you come by your 
 information, in order to write to Mr. Clingan to do his duty, I chear- 
 fully submit and leave the consequence in the hand of a wise and 
 Good Providence. 
 
 " J. C." 
 
 DAMAGES INFLICTED BY THE BRITISH AKMY 
 UPON THE PEOPLE OF CHESTER COUNTY, AS 
 REPORTED TO THE AUTHORITIES. 
 
 The greatest amount of property taken and destroyed 
 was in Birmingham and Tredyffrin townships, owing to 
 the fact that the army lay for a considerable time, compar- 
 atively in each of these townships. Goshen township ap- 
 pears to have been the next largest sufiierer. 
 
 Near the close of the contest — viz., Sept. 21, 1782 — the 
 Legislature of Pennsylvania passed an " act for procuring 
 an estimate of the damages sustained by the inhabitants of 
 Pennsylvania from the troops and adherents of the king of 
 Great Britain during the present war." By this act the 
 county commissioners of every county which had been in- 
 vaded were directed to call on the assessors, to procure and 
 return accounts and estimates of the damages that had 
 been done by the enemy since the 18th of April, 1775, 
 to register such accounts and estimates, and to transmit 
 the originals to the Executive Council. The precise ob- 
 ject to be accomplished by this act is not now very obvious. 
 It is not likely the Legislature intended to foot the bills 
 themselves. If it was designed as preparatory to a reclam- 
 ation of damages from the mother- country for the outrages 
 committed, it certainly failed to produce any beneficial 
 results. 
 
 The estimates of damages sustained in the county of 
 Chester, made in pursuance of the provisions of this law 
 and returned to the commissioners, were carefully recorded, 
 as directed, and the record may be seen in the office of the 
 commissioners at West Chester. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 105 
 
 The Society of Friends, who in a portion of the route 
 traversed by the British army constituted a considerable 
 portion of the community, generally declined to report 
 their losses to the public authorities, and the plunder 
 being indiscriminate, whether of loyalists or rebels, the es- 
 timates thus furnished from the various townships are 
 probably not more than a moiety of the damages really 
 sustained. 
 
 At the period when the returns were made the county 
 (then including Delaware County) was divided into three 
 election districts. The returns are registered according to 
 townships, and the townships in each of the three election 
 districts are classed together. 
 
 The three districts were known as the Chester, Red 
 Lion, and Chatham districts, these being the names of the 
 places at which the general elections were held. Chester, 
 situated on the Delaware River, was the seat of justice of 
 the county ; Red Lion was a public-house in the township 
 of Uwchlan (at the present village of Lionville), receiving 
 its name from the sign it exhibited ; and Chatham was a 
 public-house in Londongrove township, which had for its 
 sign a portrait of the famous English earl bearing that 
 title. The name Chatham was conferred upon this house 
 by Hon. Thomas McKean, afterwards chief justice and 
 Governor of Pennsylvania, who was the owner of the prop- 
 erty. The Earl of Chatham had favored the cause of the 
 colonies in the British Parliament, and hence was very 
 popular in this county. 
 
 In order to afford the reader an idea of the wanton 
 character and extent of the ravages committed by the 
 British army on its passage through Chester County, as 
 well as the valuation in those days of the property taken, 
 the reports of a few of the inhabitants will be given in 
 full detail, after which summary statements will be pre- 
 sented of the losses sustained in the respective townships. 
 The returns were made in pounds, shillings, and pence, in 
 what was known as Pennsylvania currency, seven shillings 
 and sixpence being equal to one dollar, or three pounds to 
 eight dollars. 
 
 The first return we will present is that of Charles Dil- 
 worth, who at that time owned and kept the tavern at Dil- 
 worthtown. It will be seen that his total loss amounted to 
 £820 15s. 3d., equivalent to $2188.70,— a pretty large sum 
 in those days ; indeed, he appears to have been pretty well 
 cleaned out. Mr. Dilworth was afterwards sheriff of 
 Chester County from 1789 to 1792. 
 
 "An account 0/ properti/ taken, damage, waste, apoil, and destruction 
 done and committed hy the army of the king of Great Britain and 
 their adherents, under the immediate command of Sir William Howe, 
 commander-in-chief, from the 11th to the lUh days of September, 
 111"!, to the property, real and personal, belonging to Charles Dil- 
 ioorth, of Birmingham, viz, : ' 
 
 "3 l^eef oatTle..... 21 
 
 2 year old heifer 9 
 
 1 year old heifer 3 
 
 1 two year old Fillie, part blooded... 15 
 
 2 two year old horse colts 24 0. 
 
 24 large fat hogB............ 90 0, 
 
 45 pigs or shoats different sizes @ 7-6 16 17 6 
 
 " " 10 sheep @ 15s. each 7 10 
 
 34 tons clover hay @ £4 14 
 
 11 tons not so good.... 4 10 
 
 The wheat of about 17 acres of ground not less 
 than 10 bushels to the acre, 170 bushels thrashed 
 
 before the battle ...„.,«....../..;... 331-2 • 
 
 14 
 
 £ d. .. 
 The wheat of about seven acres, not less than 15 
 
 bushels to the acre, thrashed before the battle, 
 
 one-half of which was my property 17 13 6 
 
 The rye of about three acres, supposed to be not 
 
 less than 36 bushels, two-thirds of which is mine. 5 8 
 The rye of about two and a half acres, supposed 
 
 to be 40 bushels, my share one-half 4 10 
 
 140 bushels of oats, @ 2-6 17 10 
 
 15 bushels barley, @ 5-6 4 2 6 
 
 5 acres of Indian corn destroyed 7 10 
 
 6 acres buckwheat, greater part destroyed 7 10 
 
 5 acres mowing grass 5 
 
 70 bushels potatoes, @ 2-6 8 15 
 
 130 bushels imported salt, in partnership with 
 
 Richard Nichols, my share 65 bushels, some 
 few bushels left sold current for £12 per bushel; 
 exchange then at three for one, being £4 per 
 bushel 260 
 
 3 barrels of singlings of whisky, a number of 
 tierces and barrels destroyed, with other dama- 
 ges done at the still-house 9 
 
 Destroyed in the house about ton gallons of rum, 
 and 15 gallons of peach brandy, which cost me 
 £52 2«. 6rf. exchange 3 to 1 17 7 6 
 
 A quantitj' of bowls, decanters and glasses in the 
 
 bar 2 
 
 2 feather beds, bedsteads and pillows 12 
 
 2 tow bedticks, bolsters, etc 1 12 6 
 
 7 pairs of sheets and 13 blankets 31 15 
 
 6 bed quilts, coverlids and rugs 11 
 
 4 pair sacken bottom bedsteads and 2 pair corded. 6 15 
 
 1 large walnut table damaged, the feet cut off and 
 
 leaves cut and split 1 10 
 
 2 small tables damaged, tops split.... 15 
 
 1 painted table 5 
 
 1 do. 12 6 
 
 I mahogany table, best sort, cut to pieces 5 10 
 
 . 3 walnut chairs; 2 of them damask bottoms, the 
 
 other leather, destroyed 3 15 
 
 12 rush bottomed chairs, damaged and some cut 
 
 to pieces 1 10 
 
 1 dough trough destroyed 10 
 
 1 desk damaged and split '7 6 
 
 1- dressing table do 10 
 
 2^ doz. best hard mettle pewter plates, 5 doz. best 
 
 hard mettle dishes , 8 7 6 
 
 3 small best bard mettle basins and 6 porringers. 15 
 
 1 large copper teakettle and 1 large copper 
 saucepan % lb 
 
 2 brass kettles 37-6 and two iron kettles 15s 2 12 6 
 
 1 large iron pot 15ff., and 1 pair of sadirons 10s... 15 
 
 3 pairs shovels and tongs 1 17 6 
 
 1 looking glass broken to pieces 3 
 
 14 sets of china cups and saucers, and one set of 
 
 coffee do. broken to pieces 2 5 
 
 6 silver tea spoons ..-..! „..' 1 & 
 
 1 doz. china plates, 4 doz. bowls and sugar dish.. 3 10 
 Tea and coffee pots; delf and queensware, plates 
 
 and dishes :... .....;... ;.^ : 1 15 
 
 Tumblers, jelly glasses and wine glasses^ broken 
 
 and destroyed 15 
 
 Wearing apparel.taken ;.. ...i. -8 
 
 5 new checked aprons and caps , 2 7 6 
 
 1 English baby's basket, chintz,'frocks, petticoats, 
 
 shirts and a number of caps , 4 
 
 3 table cloths, 6 napkins, two towels '. 2 15 
 
 1 boy's new hat, clothes belonging to the chil- 
 dren, servant boy and girl ,..., 3 10 
 
 1 pair chains, backhand, bellyband '. 15 
 
 1 wagon wheel taken away ;....< 1 10 
 
 Brass ball and socket and staff belonging to my 
 
 surveying instruments '. 110 
 
 Table knives and forks, pewter spoons, ladles, 
 flesh forks, brass skimmers, earthenware and 
 
 ' other kitchen furniture 3 
 
 Cider tubs, pails, churn and bar-tub „.... 10 
 
 1 dutch tin oven 10 
 
 1. large Bible torn to pieces 10 
 
 The time of a servant lad Patrick Kelley.about 
 
 • 14 months, he went off with the British army.. 10 
 Damage done to my real estate, viz. : 
 
 31 pannel post and rail fence burned 3 17 6 
 
 89 pannel worm fence 4 9 
 
 8 apple trees in the orchard cut down 8 
 
 A quantity of small sapling timber cut down and 
 
 destroyed.. ; 1 10 
 
 Damage done to dwelling house by breaking 
 
 doors, stair case and pulling down an oven 1 10 
 
 Destroying pale fence around the garden and 
 
 yard "— • • 1 10 
 
 A frame house situate in Wilmington entirely de- 
 stroyed .". '. 45 14 3 
 
 Aggregate. 820 15 3" 
 
106 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Chester »«. .- 
 
 " Personally appeared before me the above named Charles Dil- 
 worth, who being dnly qualified according to law, doth declare and 
 Bay, that the above account of property plundered and destroyed by 
 the British Army, is a just and true account, to the best of bis 
 knowledge as the same stands stated, and that he never received any 
 part thereof. 
 
 " Affirmed before me, November ISth, 1782. 
 
 " Thomas Chbtney." 
 
 " An Acc(ni7H of a Sacrilleye committed in the Baptist Meeting-honae in 
 Tredtjffrin, in the County of Cheater, in the Slate of Pennaylvania, 
 hy some of the Britinh Army under Gen. Howe, in their march from 
 the head of Elk to Philadelphia, the 18M, I9th or 20th days of Sep- 
 tember, when said Meeting-house was broken open, and was stole from 
 thence the Sacramental Dishes, viz. .- 
 
 £ .. d. 
 
 " 2 pewter dishes 15 
 
 2 do. pints 8 
 
 1 diaper table cloth 12 
 
 1 Bible of the English language 15 
 
 A change of Raiment for the administration of Baptism ! viz. .- 
 
 2 linen shirts 16 
 
 1 pair linen drawers 10 
 
 The lock of the chest the goods were in 5 
 
 The Saltan's tools for Burials, vis. ; 
 
 1 grubbing hoe 8»., 1 spade 7». 6[? 15 6 
 
 Tkey destroyed and burnt on the parsonage farm ! viz , : 
 
 135 pannel of fence, equal to 810 rails at is. 
 
 per hundred 1 12 1 
 
 6 8 10 
 " Attested by 
 
 "James Davis Elder." 
 
 In Kennet township, among others, Peter Bell returns 
 that there was taken from him and destroyed by the Brit- 
 ish troops and their adherents, on September 9th, 10th, 
 and 11th, property to the value of £657, and to be added 
 to this the loss of his house, with all his eifects, money, 
 etc., therein contained, at a moderate computation the 
 additional sum of £513 6«., altogether over $3000. 
 
 Dr. John Davis, of Tredyffrin, had all his medicines (of 
 which, from the inventory, he appears to have had quite a 
 full supply) taken in order to replenish the army medicine 
 chests of His Britannic Majesty. 
 
 Mary Howell, of the same township, who probably kept 
 an inn, reports as taken from her (among other things) one 
 hogshead of whisky, one hogshead of rum, 20 gallons of 
 gin, 3 horses, 23 head of cattle, 36 sheep, 300 bushels of 
 wheat and a large quantity of other grains, and 6000 rails 
 of fence. 
 
 Samuel Davis, a merchant, had almost his entire stock 
 of store goods taken from him, of the value of $1600, — 
 quite a large amount for a country store in those days. 
 
 In several of the returns negro slaves are mentioned as 
 having escaped or gone to the enemy, and their market 
 value set down, varying from £100 to £200. 
 
 The following is a summary of the damages and losses 
 sustained by the inhabitants of the several townships, so 
 far as returns were made to the authorities : 
 
 NEW GAKDEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 Isaac Allen 170 o q 
 
 James Allen 8 7 6 
 
 William Martin 65 5 
 
 Isaac Miller 363 17 g 
 
 Andrew Mclntire 41 
 
 David Frame 5 2 
 
 William Whiteside 212 5 
 
 James Miller 85 7 6 
 
 951 2 8 
 
 OXFORD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ ». d. 
 
 Job Euston, slaves 500 
 
 NEW LONDON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ ». d. 
 
 John Jack 35 9 
 
 John McKee 79 
 
 lU 9 
 
 LONDONSROVE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ .. rf. 
 Dr. Francis Alison, late Senior Surgeon 
 
 General Hospital 451 7 6 
 
 KENNET TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 Nathan Norton 36 16 5 
 
 John McFarlan 81 11 6 
 
 William Hickman 73 6 
 
 Peter Bell 1170 13 
 
 1362 1 5 
 
 EAST MARLBOROUGH TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ ». d. 
 
 James Jefferis 24 9 6 
 
 John Jackson 30 
 
 Caleb Jackson 50 
 
 Isaac Calvert 4 15 
 
 109 4 6 
 NEWLIN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ .. d. 
 
 Richard Barnard 25 
 
 William Hanna, on April 22, 1778 110 
 
 David Eckoff. 75 
 
 James Shields (by Fitzpatrick and Dough- 
 erty) 3 12 6 
 
 213 12 6 
 
 WEST MARLBOROUGH TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Tristram Moore 75 
 
 Abner Cloud 20 
 
 Thomasjones 17 14 
 
 ThomasWelsh 82 10 
 
 Thomas Travilla 30 
 
 225 4 
 
 WEST BRADFORD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Richard Baker 254 6 
 
 James Marshall 107 10 
 
 James Trimble 152 10 
 
 Jonathan BuSington 33 16 2 
 
 John Highfield 35 12 6 
 
 583 9 2 
 
 EAST BRADFORD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Richard Strode 125 5 
 
 PENNSBURY TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 Joshua Peirce 108 11 6 
 
 PeterHarvey 15 11 9 
 
 Amos Harvey 130 
 
 Joseph Brinton 69 15 
 
 Moses Mendenhall 98 
 
 Conrad Seltzer 11 2 B 
 
 Benjamin Fredd 33 4 6 
 
 George Brown 17 19 6 
 
 Noah Mendenhall 28 16 3 
 
 Thomas Monks 58 6 6 
 
 John Roles 124 6 3 
 
 John Fredd 198 9 
 
 894 2 9 
 
 BIRMINGHAM TOWNSHIP.* 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 William Dilworth 48 2 
 
 Charles Dilworth 820 15 3 
 
 * When Chester County was divided, in 1789, the line ran through 
 Birmingham and Thornbury townships, leaving but a small portion 
 in the present Chester County. The above are the returns made from 
 the whole of the old townships. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 107 
 
 £ 
 
 Joseph Dilworth 522 
 
 Charles Porter 8 
 
 William Chapman 16 
 
 John Martin 242 
 
 William Harvey, Jr , 562 
 
 John Bennett 401 
 
 George Brinton 544 
 
 Raohel Hannings 47 
 
 Caleh Brinton 592 
 
 Israel Gilpin 607 
 
 Thomas Hannum 42 
 
 John Henderson 536 
 
 John Chamberlain 67 
 
 Gideon Gilpin 502 
 
 Jesse Graves 212 
 
 Thomas Bavis 24 
 
 James Dilworth 13 
 
 Charles MoCrca 41 
 
 d. 
 2i 
 
 6 6 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 5 
 
 
 13 
 
 5844 6 7i 
 
 THORNBURY TOWNSHIP.* 
 
 £ ». d. 
 
 George Brinton 517 11 5 
 
 Sampson Davis 115 18 8 
 
 William Arment 42 
 
 William Londen 19 12 
 
 Catharine Davis 34 3 6 
 
 Isaac Davis 58 12 6 
 
 WESTTOWN TOWNSHIP 
 
 787 
 
 18 1 
 
 £ 
 
 d. d. 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 10 
 
 82 
 
 14 
 
 23 
 
 16 10 
 
 169 
 
 10 
 
 John Hunt 
 
 Caleh James 
 
 Thomas Taylor., 
 James Brown 
 
 GOSHEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 Thomas Lewis 261 
 
 Thomas Rees 215 10 
 
 John Bowen 579 5 
 
 Elizabeth Oliver 43 14 6 
 
 Ralph Forrester 52 
 
 JarvisHall 100 
 
 Robert McLaughlin and Alexander Boggs. 85 8 6 
 
 Evan Williams 20 7 6 
 
 William Jones 74 10 
 
 Thomas Patterson 4 10 
 
 Elias Davis 23 5 
 
 John Underwood 7 8 4 
 
 William Patterson 5 5 
 
 Jacob Beaumont 25 5 
 
 John Beaumont 116 5 
 
 JohnPatton 21 
 
 Joseph Brown 67 8 6 
 
 JohnMiehen 15 
 
 Jonathan Garrett 63 6 
 
 Mary Garrett 44 8 
 
 Israel Matla<!k 40 7 6 
 
 John Hoopes 1^3 7 4 
 
 Lydia Davis ^* " S 
 
 Ann Goodwin 25 
 
 Richard Goodwin 6 
 
 Jonathan Matlack 35 13 6 
 
 Charles Carter ^'' ? „ 
 
 George Smith's estate 134 1 
 
 George Hoopes *" 18 " 
 
 2372 13 8 
 
 WILLISTOWN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ ». d. 
 
 Joseph Rowland ^^ ** ? 
 
 Caleb Smedley *" ? „ 
 
 Erasmus Lloyd „ 
 
 Isaac Yarnall o n n 
 
 Phineas Massey 25 
 
 Joseph Thomas 21 
 
 Samuel Davis ■*"* 13 4 
 
 Samuel Jones '" ? „ 
 
 Esther Griffith 2* » " 
 
 Thomas Jones' widow ,1 U n 
 
 Samuel Thomas n n 
 
 Isaac Thomas ^^ „ „ 
 
 Hannah Rees 12 » » 
 
 636 18 i 
 
 EASTTOWN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 Robert Stephens 10 
 
 Michael Binger 60 12 6 
 
 Christopher Rue 23 1 3 
 
 Casper White 9 
 
 Peter Uble 18 
 
 Gen. Anthony Wayne 60 
 
 Martha Davis 46 5 
 
 Judith Rue 5 5 
 
 Andrew Steel 42 1 
 
 Mary Nichols 4 6 3 
 
 Sarah Scott 15 
 
 Lewis Morris 4 10 
 
 Rev. David Jones 81 11 3 
 
 Whitehead Wetherby 4 13 9 
 
 Benjamin Junkin 10 
 
 Richard Robinson 27 16 6 
 
 James Morris 12 
 
 420 7 6 
 
 WEST WHITELAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 Evan Anderson 56 4 
 
 Jeremiah Jarman 30 
 
 James DuDwoody 81 16 3 
 
 Daniel Thompson 237 4 1 
 
 David Dunwoody 382 5 
 
 John Boyers 31 7 
 
 EzekielRigg 67 18 1 
 
 John Bull 130 11 6 
 
 David Williams 54 5 
 
 Edward Lammey 45 8 
 
 1116 14 4 
 
 EAST WHITELAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ a. d. 
 
 John Kerlin 199 
 
 Dr. Samuel Kennedy's estate 273 7 6 
 
 Thomas Harris 143 9 9 
 
 Jacob CoSFman 128 10 
 
 Christian Zook 18 
 
 Henry Souders 30 
 
 Randal Malin 25 
 
 Joseph Malin IS 
 
 Thomas Cummings 3 
 
 John Templeton 291 2 6 
 
 William Harris * 16 * 
 
 James Robinson 33 8 6 
 
 Cornelius Dempsey 24 6 7 
 
 David Cloyd, Esq 20 
 
 John Bartholomew 45 
 
 MillesWelsh 35 
 
 JohnBettcw 27 
 
 Thomas Mellon 100 
 
 1415 14 10 
 
 * See note on preceding page. 
 
 TREDYFFRIN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ .. d. 
 
 Benjamin Davis 4 
 
 Nicholas Finderbander 5 
 
 William Dewees *IV1 
 
 John Havard 4M H 3 
 
 AdamGinder 81 16 
 
 Devault Beaver 125 
 
 Dr. John Davis 113 8 6 
 
 Abel Rees, at Lord Cornwallis' quarters.... 303 3 
 
 William Curry 106 13 4 
 
 Mary Howell 696 1 
 
 Isaac Griffith 60 2 
 
 Christian Workizer 126 14 
 
 David Havard 91 10 
 
 Valentine Showalter 250 
 
 Jacob Baugh 250 
 
 Thomas Pennington 50 
 
 Samuel Davis, storekeeper 600 
 
 John Brown 228 10 
 
 Thomas Waters 173 3 8 
 
 John Wilson 72 17 6 
 
 John Rowland 95 17 6 
 
 John Friek 120 
 
 Lydia Jones 7 10 
 
 Samuel Richards 160 8 
 
 Samuel Havard 540 5 
 
 Samuel Jones, Gen. Howe's quarters 171 2 6 
 
 The Baptist Meeting-house 6 8 10 
 
 David Wilson 3* 16 9 
 
 Isaac Davis' estate 32 10 
 
 David Davis 106 5 
 
 9358 13 10 
 
•J08 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 CHARLESTOWN TOWNSHIP.» 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 George Lutz 64 3 
 
 Llewellyn Davis 105 13 9 
 
 William Bodley 322 17 6 
 
 Benj. Longstreth 342 10 
 
 Patrick Anderson 303 3 6 
 
 JohnVarley 100 
 
 Philip Eapp 7 13 6 
 
 Alex. McCalla 231 9 4 
 
 Richard Tompkin 115 8 
 
 Samuel Roberts 39 10 
 
 Daniel Bowling 21 7 3 
 
 Theophilus Davis 179 3 
 
 George Scholfield 41 7 
 
 David James 60 4 7 
 
 Henry Miller 42 15 
 
 1967 3 2 
 
 PIKELAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 Christopher Teany 252 7 6 
 
 EAST NANTMEAL TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ «. rf. 
 
 Branson Vanlear 200 
 
 COVENTRY TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 Jacob Shook 18 
 
 WEST CALN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 £ i. d. 
 
 William Clingan, Esq 73 
 
 William Henry 15 
 
 88 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 £ i. d. 
 
 New Garden, from 8 persons 961 2 8 
 
 Oxford, " 1 " 600 
 
 New London, " 2 " 114 9 
 
 Londongrove, " 1 " 461 7 6 
 
 Kennet, " 4 " 1,362 1 5 
 
 East Marlborough, " 4 " 109 4 6 
 
 Newlin, " 4 " 213 12 6 
 
 West Marlborough, " 5 " 225 4 
 
 West Bradford, " 5 " 683 9 2 
 
 East' Bradford, " 1 " 125 5 
 
 Pennsbury, " 12 " 894 2 9 
 
 Birmingham, " 20 " 6,844 6 7 
 
 Thornbury, " 6 " 787 18 1 
 
 Westtown, " 4 " 189 10 
 
 Goshen, « 29 " 2,372 13 8 
 
 Willistown, " 13 " 636 18 4 
 
 Easttown, " 17 " 420 7 6 
 
 West Whiteland, " 10 " 1,116 14 4 
 
 East Whiteland, " 18 " 1,415 14 lo 
 
 Tredyffrin, " 30 " 9,358 13 10 
 
 Charlestown, " 15 " 1,967 3 2 
 
 Pikeland, " 1 " 252 7 6 
 
 East Nantmeal, " 1 " 200 
 
 Coventry, " 1 " 18 
 
 West Cain, " 2 " 88 
 
 Chester, " 31 " 2,742 12 6 
 
 Chichester, " 1 " 87 17 6 
 
 Aaton, " 6 " 1,245 2 9 
 
 Concord, " 12 " 961 9 6 
 
 Marple, " 3 " 217 1 11 
 
 Newtown, " 3 " 86 3 3 
 
 Ridley. " 6 " 639 17 10 
 
 Edgemont, " 7 " 504 16 
 
 Haverford, " 22 " 1,733 1 3 
 
 Darby, " 26 " 1,475 18 2 
 
 Radnor, " 29 " 1,499 9 
 
 363 41,372 6 10 
 
 The above amount was equal to more than $110,000. 
 
 In these losses were 318 horses, 546 horned cattle, 1480 
 sheep, 580 hogs, 9062 bushels of wheat, 2324 of rye, 2881 
 of Indian corn, 775 of buckwheat, 4287 of oats, and about 
 550 tons of hay. Doubtless large numbers of horses and 
 other stock were driven by their owners from the route of 
 the army to places of safety. 
 
 As has already been observed, the members of the So- 
 
 * Including the present township of Schuylkill. 
 
 ciety of Friends generally declined to furnish estimates of 
 their, losses to the authorities, and many others probably 
 made no returns, and therefore the losses reported probably 
 do not amount to half the real ^^ggregate. In Kennet town- 
 ship, where the greater part of the British army halted the 
 night before the battle of Brandywine, the losses must have 
 been very much larger than reported. They must also 
 have been largely in excess of those returned in New Gar- 
 den, East Bradford, East Marlborough, and Willistown 
 townships, which were largely inhabited by Friends, and 
 the same thing may probably be said of other townships. 
 
 NOMENCLATUBE OP REVOLUTIONARY POLITICS 
 IN CHESTER COUNTY: WHIGS AND TORIES. 
 
 One of the great difficulties with which the American 
 cause had to contend during the entire period of the Rev- 
 olutionary war was the fact that a portion of the people 
 were cither apathetic or disposed to favor the British in- 
 terests. 
 
 This was the case in the central and eastern portions of 
 Chester County, where, the truth of history compels us to 
 say, there were large numbers of persons inimical to the 
 American cause, many of them active in their hostility ; and 
 there was not among the masses of the people that support 
 and sympathy extended to the struggling cause which was 
 its due. 
 
 It is not, however, to be wondered at that there were 
 many persons in the provinces who took no part in the eon- 
 test, and that there were others who were favorable to the 
 views of the crown. The uprising against the British gov- 
 ernment — dignified, and rightly so, as " our glorious Revo- 
 lution" — was, until it became successful, but a rebellion. 
 Many persons honestly could not see any sufficient reason 
 for throwing off the allegiance which they believed was due 
 from them to the home government, and others believed 
 the time had not come to sever the connection with the 
 mother-country. It was esteemed by many in those days 
 a terrible thing to rebel, against the powers which it was 
 believed had been divinely appointed to rule, and, as il were, 
 " to beard the monarch on his throne." The right of the 
 king to tax his subjects had never been questioned, and 
 many could not understand the difference between taxing a 
 subject abroad and a subject at home. 
 
 Some were in favor of the established government, be- 
 lieving that, bad as it was, it was better than rebellion and 
 the anarchy which, there was reason to fear, would follow it. 
 Others, while conceding that the British government was 
 acting oppressively towards the colonies, believed that with 
 a little more patience under the provocations, and a little 
 more readiness for patient negotiation, a peaceful redress of 
 grievances might be brought about. 
 
 Even' in the Congress which declared the colonies free 
 and independent there were many members — like Charles 
 Humphrey, of this county — of unquestioned integrity 
 who, while contending with all their energies against the 
 oppressive measures of Great Britain, thought the declara- 
 tion premature, and voted against its adoption. Their 
 minds failed to grasp the glorious future which was in store 
 for the colonies when, their pupilage being over, they had 
 become their own masters. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 109 
 
 Hence there were large numbers of Loyalists scattered 
 through the provinces, and many of our most worthy and 
 honored citizens of the present day are among their de- 
 scendants. 
 
 The opprobrium which usually attached to the fact of 
 having been a Loyalist in the Revolution, or of having taken 
 ■no part in the contest, was therefore not always deserved. 
 Situated as the people of the colonies then were, — a com- 
 paratively feeble folk, ill prepared to measure swords with 
 the giant across the water, — with the uncertainty of the 
 result of the appeal to arms which had been made, and 
 sincerely entertaining the views of government which many 
 ■of them did, there was undoubtedly room for an honest 
 diflFerence of opinion. 
 
 While, however, it is conceded that many of those who 
 favored the British interests, or who took no part in the 
 (Contest, were honest in their views and entitled to the credit 
 which should always be given to opinions sincerely al- 
 though mistakenly entertained, there were, on the, other 
 hand, large numbers of them who acted from the basest 
 -motives, and whose conduct was deserving of the severest 
 censure. They not only refused to aid their suffering coun- 
 trymen, but assumed a hostile attitude towards them, acted 
 as spies and informers, thwarted in every way those who 
 were laboring for the success of the American arms, and 
 gave their influence and assistance to the British cause. 
 Many were Loyalists simply that they might prey upon the 
 .community, and such deserved the obloquy which was 
 universally attached to the name of having been a Tory in 
 the Revolution. 
 
 The people of the colonies were, in the main, divided 
 into two parties, known in common parlance as Whigs and 
 -Tories, or, as the latter called themselves. Loyalists. With 
 -the exception of the Society of Friends, who, being con- 
 •scientiously opposed to the bearing of arms, took no part 
 ■in the contest, there were no neutrals. Every man who 
 did not actively espouse the cause of the colonists in their 
 efforts to throw off the British yoke was looked upon and 
 denounced as a Tory. As might naturally be expected, 
 the most intense hatred grew up between the opposing par- 
 ities. It has been usual to regard the Whigs as embodying 
 ,in themselves everything that was noble and disinterested 
 and virtuous, and the Tories as being the embodiment of 
 all that was vicious and contemptible and deserving of 
 -reproach. We are now, however, suflSciently removed 
 from the times " that tried men's souls" to look upon 
 that contest with dispassionate judgment, and without the 
 prejudice and feeling which it naturally engendered. 
 
 An examination of the inner life of those times reveals 
 -to us the fact that the prominent men of the Revolutionary 
 era were great and good, little and bad, mingled, just as 
 elsewhere in the annals of our race. Personal quarrels 
 and alienations existed among men of high position, both 
 in the civil and military lines, just as we know they did in 
 -the late civil war. Avarice and rapacity were as common 
 then as now. 
 
 We are apt to regard the present as a degenerate age, 
 and mourn over the decline of public virtue, but a careful 
 review of the past will serve to convince us that we vastly 
 overrate the moral excellence of the bygone age, and that 
 
 the world is no worse now than it was in the days of the 
 Revolution. The distance which " lends enchantment to 
 the view" has thrown into the shadow the vices, and we 
 have only revealed to us the virtues of the fathers of the 
 republic. Perhaps it is well that it is so, and that we 
 
 should 
 
 " Be to their virtues very kind, 
 Be to their faults a little blind." 
 
 Time has softened the asperities of feeling engendered 
 by the war of the Revolution. The blood of the descend- 
 ant of the Whig has mingled with that of the descendant 
 of the Loyalist, and in the centennial year of American 
 independence, while we " fought our battles over again," 
 it was with the bitterness of the past blotted out forever. 
 As evidence of the state of feeling existing at the close of 
 the Revolutionary struggle, and as a part of the history 
 of the county, the following proceedings of meetings held 
 in Chester County are given : 
 
 "At a meeting of the officers and other respectable inhabitants of the 
 5th Battalion district, Chester County Militia, at the house of James 
 Miles, in East Cain township, on the 19th of June, 1783, Lieutenant- 
 Colonel John Gardner in the chair, 
 
 " Resolved, unanimously. That in the opinion of this company, it is 
 inconsistent with reason, justice, and sound policy, that such persons, 
 .of every description, as have deserted their country in the time of its 
 calamities and distress and joined our enemies, — or who have by a 
 conduct inimical to the Government and laws of their country been 
 obliged to fly to them for refuge, should ever be permitted to return 
 or remain amongst us, to participate in the blessings of that Freedom 
 .and Independence, now so happily established, and which they have 
 done all in their power to deprive us of. 
 
 " Reiuliied, 2ndly, That we highly approve the laudable example of 
 the officers of the militia of the City and Liberties of Philadelphia, 
 and will cheerfully concur with them in carrying their patriotic re- 
 solves into execution. 
 
 " Resolved, Zrdly, 3?hat we will join with others of the community, 
 in instructions to our Representatives in Assembly upon the subject, — 
 and in the mean time use our utmost endeavors and influence to pre- 
 vent the return of any of those enemies to their country; and that 
 we will consider all persons who connive at, harbor, or entertain them, 
 as unworthy of the character of Free citizens, and justly liable to the 
 displeasure and resentment of all true Patriots and Friends of Lib- 
 erty. 
 
 " Resolved, ithly, That the proceedings of this meeting he commnni- 
 .oated to the several and respective Battalions of the militia in this 
 county as soon as possible, for their concurrence, and likewise pub- 
 lished in the Philadelphia newspapers. 
 
 "Resolved, btfily. That a committee of five be appointed to correspond 
 with, and meet committees that may be appointed from the other bat- 
 talions in this county, to draw up a sett of instructions to our Repre- 
 sentatives in Assembly, on the subject. The persons chosen. Colonel 
 John Gardner, Major John Culbertson, Mr. Samuel Cunningham, 
 Colonel Robert Smith, and Mr. John Beaton. 
 
 " Signed by order of the Company. 
 
 "JonN Gardner, Chairman'' 
 
 " At a meeting of the officers of the seventh Battalion of the Chester 
 County Militia, at the house of Ezekiel Webb, in the township of 
 Kennett, on Saturday, the 26th July, 1783, Lieutenant-Colonel Isaac 
 Taylor in the chair. 
 
 " Whereas, During the late cruel and unjust war waged against 
 these United States by the King of Great Britain, a number of -per- 
 sons, lost to all sense of honor and virtue, have d'eserted their coun- 
 try, joined her enemies, and used every means in their power to dis- 
 tress and enslave us. And whereas (our struggles for liberty have 
 been sueeessful, and their cruel designs frustrated), there is reason to 
 fear that those persons will endeavor to insinuate themselves into 
 these States ; Therefore, to prevent this State from being a harbor for 
 villains of every denomination, — 
 
 "Resolved, unanimously, 1«(, That we will use our utmost endeavors 
 to prevent persons of the above description from settling within the 
 
110 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 limits of this Battalion : And we hereby pledge ourselves to each 
 other, to unite and stand by each other in expelling them from 
 amongst us. And as there is reason to think that some of the afore- 
 said persons are harbored amongst us ; Therefore, 
 
 " Heeolved, unanimously, 2nd, That we will hereafter inquire into 
 the character, and examine every 'suspicious person that comes within 
 our knowledge, and that we will assist each other in apprehending 
 and securing them, that they may be brought to justice; and that we 
 will unite in the bringing to condign punishment all persons who aid, 
 abet, or harbor any of the said persons. 
 
 " Resolved, unanimously, Zrd, That we will concur with other Battal- 
 ions of this county, in instructing our Representatives in Assembly, 
 agreeably to the above resolutions ; and that Colonel Isaac Taylor, 
 Major John Craig, Peter Bell, and Captains William Whiteside and 
 Absalom Baird, be appointed as » committee, to meet committees 
 which may be appointed from the other Battalions in this county, to 
 draw up said instructions. 
 
 " Resolved, ith, That these resolutions be published in the Philadel- 
 phia newspapers. 
 
 "Signed by order of the meeting. 
 
 "Isaac Taylor, Chairman.'' 
 
 ATTITUDE OF THE QUAKERS IJST THE CONTEST— 
 ENPOKCED NEUTRALITY BY THE SOCIETY OF 
 FRIENDS. 
 
 The Society of Friends, on the breaking out of the 
 Revolutionary war, was placed in an embarrassing position. 
 Up to that period their members had been prominent in pub- 
 lic affairs in Pennsylvania, and had maintained a controlling 
 influence in the Assembly. In the controversies with the 
 British government which preceded the war, they, with 
 great unanimity, advocated the American side of the ques- 
 tion, and endeavored to obtain a redress of grievances, and 
 thus avoid the necessity of armed resistance. When this 
 failed, and an appeal to arms became an apparent necessity, 
 and the tendency of action in popular conventions and 
 legislative assemblies pointed to that dire alternative, the 
 case assumed a different aspect, and their love of order and 
 their principles of non-resistance caused them to pause and 
 consider what course they should pursue. The stibject en- 
 gaged the attention of the Yearly Meeting of the'society, 
 held in Philadelphia in 1775, at which discussions were 
 held — often protracted into the night — to determine what 
 to do in the perplexing position in which they found them- 
 selves. There was a division in the council, and an unmis- 
 takable disposition manifested on the part of some of the 
 members, especially the younger ones, not to be gdverned 
 in their conduct by the discipline of the society. The 
 elder and more conservative portion of the members were, 
 however, inclined to oppose the course matters were taking, 
 not only in obedience to their peace principles, but because 
 they believed that the established government, bad as it 
 was, was better than rebellion and the anarchy which, there 
 was reason to fear, would follow it, and they hoped that a 
 continuance of efforts of a peaceful character would result 
 in establishing the just rights of the people and in restoring 
 the public tranquillity. The latter counsels prevailed, and 
 a " testimony" was adopted in accordance with the pro- 
 fessed religious convictions of the society, in which the 
 members were exhorted to " demean themselves as peace- 
 able subjects, and to discountenance and avoid every meas- 
 ure tending to excite disaffection to the king as supreme 
 magistrate, or to the legal authority of his government " 
 and publicly declai-ing " against usurpation of power and 
 
 authority, in opposition to the laws and government, and 
 against all combinations, insurrections, and illegal assem- 
 blies," from which they declared themselves restrained by 
 the conscientious discharge of their duty to Almighty God 
 " by whom kings reign and princes decree justice," and 
 hoping to be enabled to maintain their " testimony" against 
 any requisitions which might be made of them inconsist- 
 ent with their religious principles and the fidelity they owed 
 to the king and his government as by law established. 
 
 Many historical writers on the American Revolution 
 have censured the Society of Friends for their attachment 
 to the government of the crown, and for the passages con- 
 tained in their epistles to their members expressive of their 
 satisfaction therewith. It must be borne in mind, how- 
 ever, that it was a principle of the society to yield obedi- 
 ence unto the powers under which they lived in all things 
 wherein conscience was not concerned, and to " render unto 
 Caesar the things which were Caesar's ; " and it must also 
 be borne in mind that at the time these epistles were issued 
 the Congress of the colonies were not one jot behind the 
 Quakers in their expressions of loyalty to the king's gov- 
 ernment. The " testimony" of the Friends most inveighed 
 against was that adopted at their Yearly Meeting held in 
 January, 1775, and yet the Congress, five months there- 
 after, and only one year before the Declaration of 
 Independence, issued its address to the king of July 8, 
 1775, a paper as strongly loyal as any ever penned by 
 the Quakers. The "testimony" of the Friends, which 
 was extensively circulated, gave offense to many persons, 
 both within and without the society, and was partly the 
 occasion, during the excitement of the war, of the arrest, 
 banishment to Winchester, Va., and imprisonment of 
 seventeen of the Friends — some of its leading members — 
 who were instrumental in having the " testimony" put 
 forth, and with the feeling that more or less prevailed, — 
 that the Quakers were friends of the king, and by their 
 " testimonies" and private admonitions exerted an influ- 
 ence against the patriots, and gave " aid and comfort to the 
 enemy." Of these Friends thus exiled — taken by military 
 escort, by circuitous routes, at untimely hours, and in whose 
 behalf the Assembly suspended, by an act, the right of habeas 
 corpus — was Thomas Gilpin, a native of Chester County, 
 although residing in Philadelphia at the time of his arrest. 
 When the character of the men who were banished is con- 
 sidered, the act seems wholly without excuse. Of the en- 
 tire number of Quakers who were banished, probably not 
 one of them took any part in politics whatever. They 
 were of families of very early emigrants, who had kept up 
 few or no relations with England ; they were strictly, per- 
 haps pertinaciously, wedded to the principles of their relig- 
 ious persuasion ; they were not among those who had en- 
 joyed the favors of the English government, and therefore, 
 on that account, to be supposed friendly to their cause, and, 
 from their habits of life; had no associations with that class 
 of citizens. Many of them afterwards showed, in the pro- 
 gress of the contest, that they had no feelings of hostility 
 to the patriot government, and they were not wanting in a 
 generous support of it, in such manner as they believed to 
 be consistent with the principles of their religious faith. 
 No charges were ever presented against them, and (although 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 Ill, 
 
 repeatedly requested) they were not allowed any examina- 
 tion or hearing. Indeed, it is impossible to look over the 
 list of their venerable names and not feel satisfied that the 
 course pursued towards them was not required by any pub- 
 lic necessity. Such, indeed, as is shown by the proceedings 
 for their recall from banishment, seems, when reason had 
 resumed her sway, to have become the general sentiment. 
 
 The order for their arrest by the Executive Council of 
 the State was given Sept. 10, 1777, and they left Phila- 
 delphia the 11th, — the day of the battle of Brandywine, 
 
 and at that time the excitement and feeling ran very high 
 in that city. When, however, all efforts at negotiations 
 for peace had failed, and a resort to arms was determined 
 upon, the Friends, as a body, withdrew from the contro- 
 versy, and maintained a position of passive neutrality dur- 
 ing the seven years' war which ensued. It was one of the 
 cardinal doctrines of the society to maintain a " testimony" 
 against all wars, whether called offensive or defensive, and 
 they could not, consistently with their principles, advocate 
 or engage in it, or take any part in the conduct of govern- 
 mental affairs where it would be necessary to provide 
 means to carry it on. They were accused during the war 
 of favoring the enemy because they dealt with those of 
 their members who participated in it, and also because they 
 refused to pay taxes levied for war purposes. They could 
 not, however, without being false to their principles, have 
 done otherwise; and it is equally true that while they 
 maintained their testimony against war by disowning those 
 of their members who engaged in it, they were equally im- 
 partial in the treatment of all other offenses against their 
 discipline. Doubtless persons born within the pale of the 
 society became Tories, but their number was greatly exag- 
 gerated at the time by those unacquainted with Quakerism. 
 The fact that a large number of members actually entered 
 the American service, and that others of them openly ad- 
 vocated a resort to arms, and lent their aid to the same 
 cause in various ways, shows that the society had no feel- 
 ings of hostility to the new government, and indicates gen- 
 erally the direction of the latent sympathy of those who 
 remained faithful to their ancient testimonies. On several 
 occasions during the war the society, in their meetings, ap- 
 pointed committees to treat with such of their members as 
 had deviated from the " testimonies" of the society in engag- 
 ing in military service, and to endeavor to reclaim them. 
 These efforts were often successful, and some who in their 
 desire for the success of the American cause had violated 
 the rules of the society, acknowledged their error, and ex- 
 pressed regret for their deviation from their professed prin- 
 ciples. The following acknowledgment of this character 
 was presented to Kennet Monthly Meeting one week after 
 the battle of Brandywine : 
 
 "Notwithstanding I have had a right of membership among the 
 people called Quakers, but not enough regarding the principles of 
 Truth in my own heart, have so far erred m to join with military 
 preparations, so far as to make wheels for cannon carriages, after be- 
 ing advised to the contrary, it being inconsistent with the principles 
 professed by me; for which error I am heartily sorry, and do con- 
 demn the same, and desire Friends to continue me under their care, 
 hoping for the future to be more careful. 
 
 " Adam Seed. 
 
 "18th of Ninth Month, 1777." . 
 
 Gen. Washington at one time harbored the unjust sus- 
 picion that at the meetings of the society " plans of the 
 most pernicious tendency were settled," owing, doubtless, 
 partly to the character of the document put forth by the 
 Yearly Meeting already referred to ; and, acting on this 
 suspicion, he, in the spring of 1778, while the British oc- 
 cupied Philadelphia, issued an order to prevent the country 
 members from attending the Yearly Meeting in that city, 
 and requiring their horses, if fit for service, to be taken 
 from them. It was doubtless proper, in a military point of 
 view, to prevent all intercourse with Philadelphia at that 
 time ; but the minutes of the meetings of the society 
 throughout the whole country abundantly show that after 
 the war commenced the Friends were perfectly passive, 
 and the idea that they would, as a society^ while professing 
 neutrality, be guilty of acts inimical to the liberties of the 
 country was of course entirely groundless, and to those 
 familiar with the teachings of the society it is somewhat 
 difficult to see how such a suspicion could exist. Still, 
 we must judge the actions of men by the light which they 
 possessed at the time, and not by a retrospective glance in 
 the present noonday. We, who are familiar with the teach- 
 ings of Quakerism, can readily see that the course of the 
 society was actuated by, and was entirely consistent with, 
 their long-expressed sentiments and their convictions of 
 truth. At that day, however, this knowledge was not 
 possessed in the same degree by those who had the con- 
 duct of the war, and hence many things were done under 
 a sense of duty, and in the excitement of the contest, 
 which would not have occurred had a fuller knowledge of 
 the men composing the Society of Friends been possessed 
 by those in authority. While the members of the Society 
 of Friends, however, took no part in the contest of the 
 war, they were not wanting in a generous support of it in 
 such manner as they believed to be consistent with the 
 principles of their religious faith, and contributed liberally 
 of their substance to relieve the wants of those who suffered 
 from its calamities. 
 
 The following extracts from the minutes of the Kennet 
 and New Garden Monthly Meetings show the action taken 
 in those meetings after the passage by the British army 
 through their territory. That in Kennet Meeting, only 
 seven days after the battle of Brandywine (held the 18th 
 of the ninth month), 1777, was as follows : 
 
 "A concern arising in this meeting for y^ distressed inhabitants 
 amongst us who have suffered by y^ armies ; therefore, it is recom- 
 mended to Friends in general to encourage Benevolence & Charity, by 
 distributing of their substance to such^is they may think are in want; 
 and Joshua Way, James Bennett, Amos Harvey, Thomas Carlton, 
 Jun', Caleb Peirce, Thomas Gibson, Thomas Chandler, Jun', John 
 Marshal & James Wilson are particularly appointed to Inspect & en- 
 deavor to relieve such as are in distress, either for want of Victuals, 
 Clothes, or other necessaries." 
 
 1777, at New Garden Monthly Meeting: 
 
 " The Committee to extend relief to thesufferers from the army, which 
 recently passed through this neighborhood, reported that the sufTer- 
 ings of many had been great, but that none appear to be in want of 
 the necessaries of life, except one in the verge of New Garden Prepara- 
 tive Meeting, which is referred to the care thereof; and that they 
 generally appear to bear their sufferings with a good degree of cheer- 
 fulness." 
 
 The documents issued by the yearly and, other, meetings 
 
112 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 of the society contained nothing which, fairly and im- 
 partially considered, could be construed into active opposi- 
 tion to the efforts which were being made to throw off the 
 British yoke. Washington is reported to have said, at the 
 time of the battle of Brandywine, that he felt he was in an 
 enemy's country. This remark, if made, may be partly 
 accounted for by the fact that the region of country in 
 which that battle was fought was largely inhabited by 
 members of the Society of Friends, who, in accordance with 
 their religious convictions, maintained a position of neu- 
 ti'ality during the war, and therefore could not render any 
 aid, either by contributing or selling their property for the 
 use of the army ; and Washington, not understanding or 
 appreciating their position, attributed their want of co- 
 operation to a lack of sympathy with the patriot cause. 
 There were, however, as has already been observed, a con- 
 siderable number of Tories in the central and eastern por- 
 tions of Chester County, whose influence was exerted in 
 favor of the British interests ; and no doubt this was felt 
 by Washington while he was in the county. 
 
 COUNTY PENSIONERS. 
 
 The following is a list of the officers and men from the 
 county who served in the war of independence and were 
 wounded, taken prisoners, or otherwise disabled. Who had 
 pensions or allowances for pay granted either to themselves, 
 their heirs, or legal representatives by the Orphans' Court 
 of the county during the latter part of the war or in the 
 years immediately succeeding. The suras allowed varied 
 in amount according to the severity and nature of the 
 wounds and disabilities and the rank of the party incurring 
 them : 
 
 George Wilson, of Capt. Wilson's company, First Pennsylvania 
 Regiment, wounded Jan. 2, 1777, by musket-ball through left leg, 
 at battle near Trenton, N. J. 
 
 Samuel Leslie, of Capt. James Lang's company, Tenth Pennsyl- 
 vania Regiment, ruptured on the retreat from Brandywine, Septem- 
 ber, 1777. 
 
 Samuel Smith, of Capt. John Harris' company. Eleventh Pennsyl- 
 vania Regiment, wounded by a cannon-ball at battle of Brandywine, 
 September II, 1777. 
 
 James Caruthers, of Capt. Thomas Bond's company, Fifth Penn- 
 sylvania Regiment, wounded by a musket-ball through both heels at 
 battle of Green Springs, Va. 
 
 Robert Turk, wounded militiaman. 
 
 John Smith, of Capt. Benjamin Davis' company. Ninth Penn- 
 sylvania Regiment, wounded by a musket-ball in right leg at Lake 
 Champlain, in action with the Indians, in May, 1776. 
 
 Christian Cowpland, corporal of Capt. John Christy's company. 
 Fifth Pennsylvania Regiment, wounded by a musket-ball in left arm 
 at battle of Brandywine, Sept. 11, 1777. 
 
 Thomas Swedy, gunner in Col. Thomas Proctor's regiment artil- 
 lery, wounded by a musket-ball in right leg in engagement with the 
 Indians at Newtown, August 29, 1779, and again on July 21, 1780, at 
 the Block House, at Bull's Ferry, on the North River. 
 
 Robert Cherry, of Capt. Matthew Henderson's Firtt Battalion of 
 the Flying Camp of Pennsylvania, wounded by a musket-ball iu left 
 leg at Fort Lee. 
 
 Christopher Still, of Capt. John Christy's company. Fifth Penn- 
 sylvania Regiment, wounded by a musket-ball in elbow-joint of right 
 arm at battle of Brandy wine, Sept. 11, 1777. 
 
 Capt. Jacob Iletherling, taken prisoner by the British, and died 
 in captivity. His heirs were allowed three hundred dollars at one 
 time, and one hundred and thirty-two at another. 
 
 David Jackson, of Capt. David Hayes' company of militia, had 
 left band shot off by-a cannon-ball at Trenton, N. J., Jjin. 2, 1777. 
 
 James Corney, of Ninth Pennsylvania Regiment, lost his eyesight,' 
 and endui'ed unusual hardships on severe duty. 
 
 John Miller, of Fifth Pennsylvania Regiment, severely disabled. 
 
 Thomas Owen, of Capt. Joseph Potts' company, fifth tennsyl- 
 vania Regiment, wounded by a musket-ball in right leg at battle of 
 Brandywine, Sept. 11, 1777. 
 
 Joshua Beeling, sergeant of Capt. Marshall's company, ThirtcenUi 
 Pennsylvania Regiment, commanded by Col. Walter Stewart, wounded 
 by a grape-shot in left hand at battle of Brandywine, Sept. 11, 1777.' 
 
 Samuel Ewing, of West Nottingham township, in Capt. Ephraim 
 Blackburn's company. Fourth Battalion of Chester County militia,: 
 wounded in right thumb. 
 
 Thomas Wallace, of the Chester County militia, wounded in an en- 
 gagement in Bucks Co., Penn., on Feb. 24, 17S8, and taken a prisoner 
 by the British forces. 
 
 Michael Righter, of Pennsylvania militia, from Cheater County; 
 taken a prisoner by the British, and died of wounds received in ac- 
 tion. 
 
 PARTIAL LIST OP REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS 
 OF CHESTER COUNTY, WHO RECEIVED PEN-, 
 SIGNS. 
 
 Henry O'Neil, West Bradford township; served seven years in 
 Second Regiment of New Jersey line. 
 
 Jacob Wisner, of Bast Pikelandlownship; Capt. Scull's company,' 
 Fourth Regiment of Pennsylvania line; died Dee. 26, 1846. 
 
 Evan Evans, West Vincent; corporal in Capt. John Brisbin's oomr 
 pany. Col. St. Clair's Third Regiment of Pennsylvania line. 
 
 John Ketchani, Lohdongrove township ; Capt, Jacob Huin'phrey's 
 company. Ninth Regiment of Pennsylvania line (Col. Harmer's). 
 
 Samuel Campbell, Coventry township ; in Col. Robert Magaw's 
 regiment of Pennsylvania line. 
 
 David Jones, Sadsbury township; enlisted in June, 1777, in Capt. 
 Combs' company of Col. David Foreman's regiment in Gen. Max- 
 well's brigade, and served three years; then again enlisted in 1781.i 
 82, in a Delaware regiment, in Capt. James Moore's company. 
 
 Henry Fry served in Capt. Benjamin Frothingham's company of a 
 Massachusetts regiment, commanded l>y Col. John Crain. 
 
 John Strickler, of East Fallowfield township; Capt. Jacob Hum- 
 phrey's company. Sixth Regiment Pennsylvania line. 
 
 John Harris, West Bradford; Capt. Christie's company in Penn- 
 sylvania regiment of infantry of Col. Thomas Craig. 
 
 William Todd, from Feb. 10, 1776, to Feb. 10, 1777, in Capt. Rich- 
 ardson's company of Col. Magraws Pennsylvania line regiment. 
 
 Feli.x Christman, East Nantmeal; Capt. Edward Scull's company) 
 Col. William Butler's regiment, from 1777 to 1780. . 
 
 Andrew Garden, Tredyffrin township; drum- and fife-major in 
 Col. Van Kaik's regiment. New York troops, and in Col. Peter Ganse- 
 voort's New York regiment three years. 
 
 John Gregory, Capt. Thomas Pry's company, Col. Moses Haven's 
 Ninth Regiment of Pennsylvania line, three years. 
 
 Edward Woodman, Tredyffrin township; Sixth North Carolina 
 Regiment, Capt. Little's company, one year, then transferred to Capt, 
 Somers' company of First North Carolina Regiment, and served 
 during the whole war. ' 
 
 Robert Wood, Downingtown; Capt. John Payton's company. Third 
 Regiment of Virginia line, Lieut.-Col. Hawkins. 
 
 Philip Jones, Tredyffrin township ; Capt. Patrick Anderson's com- 
 pany in Thirteenth Regiment Pennsylvania line, Col. Atlee. 
 
 Samuel Smiley, Easttown township ; Capt. Fraser's company. Fifth 
 Regiment of Pennsylvania line, Col. Anthony Wayne. 
 
 Charles Cooper, Easttown township; Capt. Scull's company in 
 Ninth Regiment Pennsylvaniii line; also in Capt. John Davis' com- 
 pany of same regiment, commanded by Col. Harmer. 
 
 John Whitty, Willistown township; Capt. Jcseph Williams' com- 
 pany of Third Massachusetts Regiment of Lieut.-Col. Mellen. 
 
 Ptter White, Capt. Walker's company of Second Regiment of 
 Maryland line. 
 
 Lieut. William Sehofield, Tredyffrin township ; Capt. Frederick 
 Vernon's company. Fifth Regiment Pennsylvania line, then com. 
 manded by Col. Francis-Johnston. 
 
 Mioajah Posey, Capt. Jacob Hetherling's company in Lieut.-CoI. 
 John Bull's Second Pennsylvania Regiment; taken prisoner at Fort 
 Washington ; exchanged after being in prison some time ; then again 
 enlisted in Col. Harmer's Pennsylvania line regiment.. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 113 
 
 Thomas M. Teall, West Bradford; Capt. Christopher Stewart's 
 company, Sixth Regiment of Pennsylvania line, Col. Robert Magraw ; 
 at battle of Fort Washington, where he was four times wounded and 
 taken prisoner. 
 
 Jacob Newberry, East Nantmeal township ; Joseph MoClellan's 
 company in Col. Richard Butler's Pennsylvania regiment. 
 
 Patrick Clemens, Capt. Lemar's company in Col. John Philip Do 
 Haas' regiment (Second) of Pennsylvania line. 
 
 John Magaw, East Nottingham township; Capt. William Rippy's 
 company, Seventh Regiment of Pennsylvania line of Col. William 
 Irwine; died Feb. 18, 1855. 
 
 Robert Galway, East Nottingham township; Capt. Popham's com- 
 pany of Col. Haven's Congress regiment. 
 
 John Gillespie, East Nottingham township ; Capt. Henry Darby's 
 company, Delaware regiment, Col. John Ilaslett. 
 
 Samuel Scott, Birmingham ; Capt. Frederick Vernon's company in 
 Wayne's (afterwards Johnston's) Fifth Pennsylvania Regiment. 
 
 John Taylor, Brandywine township; Capt. Caleb North's company, 
 Fifth Regiment of Pennsylvania line. 
 
 Dennis Dempsey, Charlestown township ; Capt. John Siddam's 
 company, Delaware regiment of Col. John Haslctt. 
 
 Robert Oldis, West Whiteland; Capt. William West's company. 
 Col. Hublcy's regiment. 
 
 Thomas Burn, West Bradford ; Capt. Richard Emery's company, 
 Fifth Maryland line regiment of Col. William Richardson, 1777-80, 
 
 James Neil, West Nantmeal township; Capt. Moore's company, 
 Wayne's Fifth Pennsylvania line regiment. 
 
 Miles Crowley, West Bradford township ; William Jenkins' com- 
 pany; marched to Quebtc in Ciinada campaign; afterwards served in 
 Ninth Penn.aylvania Regiment, in Capt. John Davis' company. 
 
 John Evanson, enlisted Feb. 9, 1776, Thirteenth New Jersey Regi- 
 ment of Col. Elias Dayton. 
 
 Francis Fisher, marine; enlisted March 16, 1777, under Capt. 
 Barney, on brig " Hyder Ali" ; wounded by grape-shot in capturing 
 the British ship " General Monk." 
 
 AYilliam Richardson, enlisted in May, 1776, for one year, Capt. 
 William West's company. Col. John Shoe's Fourth Pennsylvania line 
 regiment; taken prisoner at Fort Washington, afterwards joined Capt. 
 Connolly's company in Col. Butler's regiment, and participated in 
 battles of Brandywine, Long Island, etc. 
 
 Jacob Verly, Charlestown township; enlisted in April, 1776, for two 
 years, Col. John Fifer's North Carolina regiment; at Germantown 
 battle. 
 
 Matthew Foos, East Fvillowfield township ; in corps of artificers of 
 Col. Flowers', Capt. David Pancus' company; enlisted March 17, 
 1777. 
 
 Methuselah Davis, West Nantmeal township ; enlisted March, 1776, 
 Capt. Reese's company. Third Regiment of Pennsylvania line, Col. 
 St. Clair. 
 
 Jacob Stillwagon, enlisted May, 1776, Capt. William West's com- 
 pany. Fourth Regiment of Pennsylvania line, Col. John Shoe; taken 
 prisoner at Fort Washington, thirteen months out. 
 
 Andrew Higgins, East Fallowfield township; enlisted Feb. 1, 1777, 
 Capt. John Stedham's company. Col. John Haslett's Delaware regi- 
 ment; in battles at Long Island and White Plains. 
 
 Richard Cheyney, Thornbury township ; in companies of First Troop 
 of Capts. Solesky and Bodkin, under command of Count Pulaski. 
 
 William Stapleton, enlisted March 1, 1778, at White Horse; in 
 Capt. Christopher Shaffer's company. 
 
 Benjamin Peek, East Bradford township; Capt. William Church's 
 company. Fifth Regiment of Pennsylvania line. Col. Wayne ; after- 
 wards in companies of Capts. James Moore and Isaac Seely. 
 
 Thomas McDowell, West Nottingham township ; Third Company, 
 Capt. Edward Spinner, Third Maryland Regiment of Maj. Landale. 
 
 John Neil, under Gen. Sullivan from Sept. 19, 1777, first as assis- 
 tant forage-master, then forage-master; taken prisoner at Five-Mile 
 Tavern, Del.; discharged in 1781. 
 
 James Brown, enlisted in 1776, First Company, Sixth North Caro- 
 lina Regiment; died Jan. 17, 1842. 
 
 Capt. William Moore, was lieutenant in Capt. Grubb's company, 
 Second Pennsylvania Regiment, Col. Miles; promoted to captain. 
 
 John Thomas, sergeant and artificer. 
 
 Philip Newman, North Coventry township. 
 
 Peter Fry, Upper Oxford township; died June 10, 1842. 
 
 George Rudolph, died April 24, 1842. 
 
 15 
 
 . Philip Emery, East Nantmeal township. 
 
 Capt. Joseph McClellan, Col. Richard Butler's Ninth Regiment, and 
 Col. Atlee's Thirteenth. 
 ' Richard Hamilton, Lower Oxford township; died March 23, 1840. 
 
 Dr. Jacob Ehrenzellor, died at West Chester, July 18, 1838. 
 
 Charles Wallace, West Fallowfield township; died May 15, 1842. 
 
 David Ford, West Fallowfield township; died July 14, 1836. 
 
 Col. Caleb North, Coventry township. 
 
 Robert Shannon, died March 18, 1837. 
 
 Lieut. Hczekiah Davis, Charlestown town.'hip; died Dec. 27, 1837. 
 
 James Guest, East Nantmeal township; died Deo. 14, 1836. 
 
 Andrew jSordon, Tredyifrin township. 
 
 John Quaintaincc, Bast Fallowfield township; died June 21, 1835. 
 
 James Fulton, died Feb. 15, 1853. 
 
 David Crosby, died Feb. 21, 1834. 
 
 George Ivester, sergeant; died Oct. 20, 1832. 
 
 Andrew Wallace, Upper Oxford township ; sergeant; died Jan. 27, 
 1835. 
 
 The First Pennsylvania line regiment was commanded by Col. 
 William Thompson ; the Second by Col. John Bull, then Col. John 
 Philip De Hiias; the Third by Col. Arthur St. Clair; the Fourth by 
 Col. John Shoe; the Fifth by Col. Anthony Wayne, then Col. Francis 
 Johnston; the Si.xth by Col. Robert Ma.^aw; the Seventh by Col. 
 William Irvine ; the Ninth by Col. Harmer ; and the Thirteenth by 
 Col. William J. Atlee. 
 
 Cols. William and Richard Butler also commanded two Pennsyl- 
 vania regiments. 
 
 LIEUTENANT AND SUB-LIE DTENANTS OF CHES- 
 TER COUNTY FEOM 1777 TO 1785— PINES AND 
 SUBSTITUTES— MILITIA OFEICEKS. 
 
 In the Revolutionary war the necessity of organizing 
 and disciplining the forces of the county who were to 
 assist in conquering independence and freedom for the con- 
 tinent led to the creation, by the Supreme Executive Coun- 
 cil, of the responsible post of county lieutenant. This 
 office, whose name and duties were analogous to those of 
 the king's lieutenants in the counties of the mother-coun- 
 try, gave him, with the rank of colonel, the charge of 
 raising, arming, and provisioning the military contingent 
 of his district, and in every way preparing the troops 
 to take the field. They remained under his command 
 till they were called into active service. The lieutenant 
 of Chester County was Col. Robert Smith, appointed 
 March 12, 1777, and served until March 21, 1785. His 
 assistants, termed sub-lieutenants, were Lewis Gronow, 
 Thomas Strawbridge, Thomas Cheyney, Andrew Boyd, 
 Robert Wilson, Thomas Levis, and Benjamin Brannan. 
 The militia appear to have been divided into eight classes. 
 When a class was called out, many belonging to it could 
 not or would not go. The deficiency was made up by the 
 employment of substitutes, either taken from the other 
 classes or from those not subject by law to the perform- 
 ance of military duty. These substitutes were procured 
 by means of a bounty, which was paid by the State, to be 
 remunerated by the fines imposed on delinquents, and 
 varied from fifteen to fifty pounds for two months' service. 
 In some regiments the number of substitutes nearly equaled 
 the number of those regularly drafted. The system of em- 
 ploying substitutes at high rates was much complained of 
 by the officers of the regular army, who regarded it as a 
 serious obstruction to recruiting by enlistments. From 
 March 1, 1780, to April 1, 1783, Col. Smith received, in 
 fines, etc., £155,336 17s. Id. in Continental money, 
 £67 8s. Id. in State money, and £1028 10s. M. in specie, 
 all of which he paid out on orders from State treasury 
 
114 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTEll COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 (into which he had covered his receipts) for various mili- 
 tary expenditures. It must be remembered that the Con- 
 tinental money was immensely depreciated. We give tire 
 amounts received by Col. Smith and his sub-lieutenants in 
 the period of time before mentioned, received in three 
 kinds of funds. 
 
 Continental money. State money. Specie. 
 
 £ .. d. £ «. d. £. .. d. 
 
 Robert Smith 155,.'i.36 17 7 67 8 7 3028 10 8 
 
 Lewis Gionow 97,712 17 6 10 405 16 9 
 
 Andrew Boyd 27,63i 15 4 
 
 Thomas Levis 89,915 14 9 110 3 6 701 7 
 
 Robert Wilson 29,935 7 6 15 186 11 3 
 
 " " 140 9 8 
 
 Thomas Chejney.... 106,279 14 9 410 8 3 
 
 From March, 1777, to April 8, 1778, Thomas Straw- 
 bridge received, in paper money, £5239 is. \Qld. To the 
 credit of these oflScers, it appears that all the moneys re- 
 ceived for fines for non-attendance upon days of exercise 
 and substitutes were honestly accounted for or disbursed 
 for necessary military purposes. 
 
 The officers and number of men enrolled in the eight 
 battalions of Chester County were as follows : 
 
 1st. — Lieut. -Col. Tbomns Bull, Maj. Ptter Haitman; number of men, 
 672. 
 
 2d. — ^Lieut.-Col. John Bartholomew, Maj. Cromwell Pearce; num- 
 ber of men, 873. 
 
 3d. — Lieut.-Col. George Pierce, Maj. Edward Vernon; number of 
 men, 510. 
 
 4th. — Lieut.-Col. Richard Willing, Maj. "William Brooke; number of 
 men, 670. 
 
 5tb. — Lieut.-Col. John Gardner, Maj. John Culbertson; number of 
 ni'en, 623. 
 
 6th. — Lieiit-Gol. David McKey, Maj. Samuel Evans; number of men, 
 484. 
 
 7th. — Lieut.-Col. Isaac Taylor, Maj. John Craig. 
 
 8th. — Lieut.-Col. Joseph Speer, Maj. John Boyd; number of men, 670. 
 
 The captains in the above battalions, serving at different 
 periods, were Thomas Carpenter, Joseph Mendcnhall, Wil- 
 liam Whiteside, Joseph Luckey, Hugh Reed, John Boyd, 
 John Bryan, David Curry, Rqbert Corry, Thomas Taylor, 
 Joseph Johnston, Sampson Thomas, Jonathan Rowland, 
 Evan Anderson, William Harris, Isaac Thomas, Alexander 
 Lockart, John Craig, Thomas Levis, John Flower, Jona- 
 than Vernon, John Lindsey, Edward Vernon, John Pitts, 
 Mordecai Morgan, Joseph Bogg, Jolin Fleming, and Capts. 
 Cypher, Willson, Hister, Boylan, Morrell, Moore, Smith, 
 Cochran, Henry, Marsh, McCloskey, Quin, Kirk, Price, 
 Kemp, Pierce, Huston, Dunning, Allen, Graham, Denny, 
 Barker, Elton, Scott, Beatty, Griffith, Carroll, Hollman, 
 Brumback, Barber, Snyder, Eyry, Cummings, Jenkins, 
 Kincaid, Corbie, Hays, Williamson, Blatkburne, Colby, 
 Ramsay, McKee, Fulton, Evans, Black, Ramage, and 
 Strode. 
 
 MILITAKT OFFICERS APPOINTED BY THE 
 COUNTY COMMITTEE, 1776. 
 
 At a meeting of the Chester County committee, held at 
 Richard Cheyney's house, in Downingtown, July 1, 1776, 
 the following appointments were made in the battalion of 
 the Chester County Flying Camp, that day organized, to 
 wit: 
 
 Captoi'in.— Joseph Gardner,. Samuel Wiill.ioe, Samuel Culbinson, 
 James Boyline, John McDowell, John Shaw, Matthew Boyd, and 
 John Beaton. 
 
 First LUulcnantt.-^yiWWam Henry, Andrew Dunwoody, Thomas 
 Henry, Benjamin Culbinson, Samuel Lindsay, Allen Cunningham, 
 Joseph Strawbridge, and Joseph Bartholomew. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. — Robert Filson, William Lockard, Thomas 
 Davis, Samuel Hamill, Jeremiah Cloud, Joseph Wherry, David Curry, 
 and Alexander McCarragher. 
 
 Ensigns. — William Cunningham, John Grardtrensher, John Filling, 
 Andrew Curry, Thomas James, Lazarus Finney, Archibald Desart, 
 and John Llewellyn. 
 
 The field-officers appointed were Col. William Mont- 
 gomery, Lieut.-Col. Thomas Bull, and Maj. John Bartholo- 
 mew. On July 20th William Price was appointed captain 
 in place of John Shaw, resigned. 
 
 It was contemplated by the authors of this work to give 
 a roster of the Chester County soldiers in the Revolution, 
 and such a list was compiled from the recently-published 
 " Archives of the Commonwealth ;" but after its compila- 
 tion, so unsatisfactory was the result, so incomplete the list, 
 and so uncertain the location, that it has been decided to 
 omit it from this work. The " Archives," unfortunately, do 
 not give the residence of but a very f<jw of the many thou- 
 sands of names recorded in its lists. The reader who is 
 interested to know who served in the various commands 
 organized in this county, or who served under Chester 
 County officers, is referred to the " Archives," above men- 
 tioned. 
 
 CHESTER COUNTY LOYALISTS. 
 
 No one can examine Sabine's " Loyalists of the Ameri- 
 can Revolution" without being convinced that, in point of 
 morality, intelligence, and respectability, this class of peo- 
 ple stood quite as high as their opponents. A large num- 
 ber of the so-called Whigs espoused the cause of freedom 
 from a strong sense of the injustice meted out by the 
 mother- country ; but joined to these were many others of 
 the lower classes in society, who were simply impatient of 
 all restraint, and were ready to take part in any revolution- 
 ary schemes. The mob violence exercised by these towards 
 such as were not ready to adopt extreme measures showed 
 that they had little appreciation of human rights, or even 
 feelings of humanity. Some, who might in time have been 
 led to see the desirability of independence, were repelled 
 by their lawlessness, and others, smarting under their 
 wrongs, became the most vindictive enemies of the patriot 
 forces. 
 
 There are grievances at this day quite as oppressive on 
 some classes as was the much-talked of " taxation without 
 representation," or duty upon tea, of the Revolutionary 
 period, and there was certainly room then for an honest 
 diflFerence of opinion as to the advisability of open rebel- 
 lion. The Tories of that day — at least those who took no 
 active part — held a position similar to that of Union men 
 in the South during the late Rebellion. As to the Friends, 
 their fundamental principles forbade their taking any part 
 in warlike measures just as fully as they did in regard to 
 robbery or murder at any time. If those of their members 
 who violated the discipline in respect to war (and thereby 
 ceased to be Friends) were any indication of the prevail- 
 ing sentiment, the society was decidedly favorable to inde- 
 pendence. Even if they were not, their well-known hu- 
 manitarianism is sufficient refutation against any charge -of 
 

 Res OF Mff HENRierTA M^CLufte upper uwchlan, Chesteh Co. Pa 
 
 MILFORD MILLS UPPER Uwchlan CHESTER Co. Pa. 
 
IIP' 
 
 
 ||!;Hi!||||iiii!|;1i!ii|ji|i|lf 
 
 iiliii^'iiiiiii 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 115 
 
 base motives. Many of the charges brought against them 
 then appear at this time not only groundless, but simply 
 ridiculous. 
 
 The case of John Roberts, of Merion, though not within 
 our present county limits, aroused more interest therein, 
 perhaps, than that of any other sufferer from the partisan 
 spirit of the time. A Friend of respectable family and 
 well connected, he was tried, condemned, and executed, but 
 for what reason is not very clear. The indictment against 
 him contains nothing but generalities, beynnd the fact that 
 he had gone to and associated with the British forces in 
 Philadelphia. The testimony of witnesses showed that 
 even there his influence was exerted for the benefit of his 
 countrymen. There are unfounded charges in history of 
 his having piloted the enemy to an attack on some of the 
 American troops, which, even if true, niust have been under 
 compulsion. The notes of the chief justice on the trial 
 have disappeared, and it is believed by descendants of 
 John Roberts and others that their disappearance resulted 
 from a desire to shield the authorities from censure for 
 putting any one to death on such slight charges. It is 
 known, however, that just prior to the battle of Brandy- 
 wine, when several Friends in Philadelphia had been ar- 
 rested, and without any trial sentenced to banishment, 
 under guard, to Virginia, John Roberts was in the city, 
 and, seeing the distress and anxiety of the wives and fami- 
 lies of those persons, undertook the hazardous expedient 
 of visiting the British army, then arrived in this county, 
 and asking for a sufficient force to intercept them. On his 
 way to eflect this he called in the night at the residence 
 of his son-in-law, George Thomas, in West Whiteland, 
 who warned him of the consequences, but he said that he 
 could not feel easy without doing something in their be- 
 half Whether he communicated with the enemy is not 
 stated, but the route of the exiles being changed, and their 
 march accelerated, no interference was experienced by their 
 escort. 
 
 A paper written by him during his imj risonment in 
 Philadelphia is here jriven : 
 
 "Upon the 10th Day of October, 1777, I caine to this City for my 
 personal security — having lieen frequently threatened without any just 
 cause by some malicious Pursons in my Neighbourhood, both as to my 
 Person, Family and Property,— without any Design whatever to aid 
 or arise the Enemy or to injure my Country, the person or property 
 of any Individual in it: When on the 15th a party of militia under 
 the command of Gen, Potter came to my Plantation, enquired for me, 
 threatened my Family, shot at one of my sons and took the other 
 Prisoner, driving off With them at same time, 5 Horses, 21 head 
 Horned Cattle and 38 sheep ; which, joined with the most pressing 
 BoUcitationa of my Family, who thought my Life in Danger, deterred 
 me from returning home as I intended. 
 
 " December 11th, at 3 o'clock in the morning Jacob James came to 
 my Lodging <t as I had before expressed often to him my anxiety to 
 see my Family, & told me there was now an opportunity to go as the 
 army were going over Schuylkill into that neighborhood. I told him 
 U was time enough for me at daylight & then went to Bed again ; 
 when in about an Hour said James returned and urged me to go 
 along, & said that he would be company for me, but upon my still 
 refusing said James told me that General Cornwallis was then at the 
 Bridge, and if I would not go a Guard would be sent and compel me 
 to go; upon which, fearing the consequence and not suspecting what 
 the Gen. wanted me for I got ready & went to the Bridge, when said 
 James, going to the Gen. said something to him, when soon after I 
 was put in charge of an orderly aerg«, whom I asked the Reason of 
 my being put under Guard, who said it was his Lordship's orders to 
 
 take particular care of me. I then began to think that I was intended 
 for a Guide and went &, begged the Gen : that he would not take me 
 along for his Guide, as it would be attended with the most disagree- 
 able and fatal consequences to me, observing to him that there might 
 bo others present & along the Road who knew the Road as well if not 
 better. He replied that I was recommended to him &, would not part 
 with me. I then requested him to use his authority to prevent his 
 army from plundering the Inhabitants upon the march: this he as- 
 sured me of and order'd Guards accordingly to be planted at every 
 house as the army marched along. Notwithstanding, some of the 
 inhabitants were taken prisoners, their Horses, Cattle, Goods, &a., 
 plundered, who were released and had their property restored at my 
 intercession as many of the sufferers can testify. 
 
 "At night, when the army began to encamp, finding that an Ex- 
 press wus to return to the City, I again renewed my application, as I 
 had often done during the Day, for leave to return, which at length 
 was granted, having not been able to see my Family, and as soon as 
 I came to the City I related matters to Owen Jones and family as above 
 stated. 
 
 " On the 12th Deoembor, when the army returned, they brought 
 with them a Number of inhabitants prisoners, and the property and 
 effects of many others. I made it my Business hy every means in my 
 power to have them set at Liberty, their property restored or satisfied 
 for, which in many Instances I affected, in all I attempted it, and the 
 threats and abusive treatment I frequently received from the British 
 officers must have convinced both them and others present in what 
 Light I was viewed by the B. army. 
 
 " Names of Prisoners who were discharged or assisted at my Re- 
 quest, viz. : Frederick Bittle, Richard Sheldon, Andrew Barr, James 
 Brown, John George and son, Henry Smith and wife, Abram Streeper, 
 James Sheward, James Quinn, James Brown, of Haverford, William 
 Warner, son of Col. Warner, Rhoads, William Young, his son-in- 
 law and two grandsons, Hugh Jones, Robert Elliot, and many others 
 whose names I cannot at present recollect, together with John Valen- 
 tine Egolf, for whom I was bound in a. Bond of £100 Sterling that 
 he wouU not depart the Lines. He deserted, and being repeatedly 
 called to deliver him up, was at last obliged to get Thos. Franklin to 
 write out to have him allowed in exchange or delivered up. In the 
 mean time, being considered a prisoner in his stead, was detained until 
 the army evacuated this City. When I went imediately before a Magis- 
 trate and subscribed the affirmation of alegiance according to Law; 
 and also at the same time rendered myself up agreable to a Proclima- 
 tion published by order of the Supreme Executive Council for the 
 Benefit of Proscribed Persons, and gave Bail to abide my Trial ac- 
 cordingly. But have since been committed to prison by order of 
 James Young, Esquire, of this City." 
 
 Petitions for his pardon or for a reprieve were signed by 
 hundreds of persons in Chester and Philadelphia Counties, 
 and presented to the Supreme Executive Council, but 
 without avail, and he was executed Nov. 4, 1778. His 
 property, one hundred acres, was confiscated, and sold to 
 Daniel Clymer by deed dated April 19, 1780, but an 
 allowance of seventy-five pounds per annum was decreed 
 to his widow by the Supreme Court. It is also said that 
 the British government, in recognition of the loss his 
 family had sustained, granted an allowance of a consider- 
 able sum in compensation. 
 
 TRAVELING PASSES. 
 For some time after the close of the Revolutionary war, 
 strangers traveling through our country were looked upon 
 with suspicion and were liable to arrest, it being a time 
 when many persons were at large for whose apprehension 
 rewards had been offered. To avoid annoying detentions 
 when away from home, our citizens were in the habit of 
 obtaining passes from a magistrate, certifying to their good 
 character. Some of these have been preserved, and the 
 following is given as a sample : 
 
116 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTEK COUxNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 " Chester County To all Civill and Milateey officers. 
 
 State op 
 Pennsylvania. / Gentlemen, The Bearer Hereof John Jones 
 
 Having applied to me y" sub- 
 scriber (fee one of y^ Justices of 
 /' the Courts of Common Pleas in and for y» County 
 / afforesaid for a Pass to Travel! from hence to Uedford 
 / County with an Intention of Returning back when 
 / his Business is Done &e Tlierefore Pleas to Permit 
 / him to Pass and Repass y** aforesaid Journey Unmo- 
 / Jested He behaving himselfe as a Good Citizen which 
 / hath as yet Been y' Charracter he Bears in 3° Neighbour- 
 / hood he Now Resides In &o Given Under my Hand y® 
 / 25th Day of March, A.D. : 1786. 
 
 " Isaac Taylor, Esq." 
 
 REMOVAL OP COUNTY-SEAT, AND FOUNDING OF 
 WEST CHESTER. 
 
 The situation of the county-seat at Chester, on the ex- 
 treme edge of the county, does not seem to have given rise 
 to any serious dissatisfaction for a long period. At length, 
 on the 28th of January, 1766, a petition was presented to 
 the Assembly, signed by a great number of persons, to the 
 following effect : That the petitioners have long labored un- 
 der a grievance by reason of the county-seat and courts of 
 justice being fixed at the extreme corner of the county, 
 which is attended with many difficulties to those who are 
 obliged to attend courts, by increasing the officers' fees for 
 mileage, etc. ; that many poor widows are obliged to travel 
 thirty or forty miles for, letters of administration, and are 
 put to much trouble in attending Orphans' Court at so great 
 a distance. For these reasons the petitioners asked for an 
 act for erecting a court-house and holding courts as near 
 the centre of the county as might be. Nine petitions to 
 the same same effect were presented May 7tli, followed the 
 next day by twelve counter-petitions, that from the borough 
 of Chester being in substance as follows : 
 
 " That in the first regulation of the said county, in the year one 
 Thousand six Hundred and Eighty-two, the Honourable William 
 Penn, Esq., Proprietary and Governor of the Province of Perin.syl- 
 vania, by virtue of the Royal Charter, did order that the Townsted or 
 Village, then bearing the name of Upland, should be called Chester, 
 and thereupon constituted it the Shire-Town of the County of Chester 
 and ordained and appointed all the Courts of Judicature for the Afiairs 
 of the County to be there held and kept, and the County Goal or 
 Prison to be and remain there forever; — that the said William Penn 
 Esq., afterwards, to wit, on the Thirty-first day of October, One Thou- 
 sand Seven Hundred and One, did grant, by Charter, unto the Free- 
 holders and Inhabitants of the said Borough, that the Sheriff and 
 Clerk of the Courts of the said County for the time being, if not Resi- 
 dents in the said Borough, should appoint and constitute sufficient 
 Deputies, who should from Time to Time reside, or constantly attend, 
 In the said Town of Cheater, to perform the Duties of their respective 
 Offices; which said Privileges (with respect to the holding of the 
 Courts of Judicature at Chester), were afterwards established by John 
 Evans, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor of the said Province, by an Ordi- 
 nance issued by him, under the Great Seal, bearing Date the Twenty- 
 second Day of February, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seven, 
 and afterwards confirmed by an Act of General Assembly, made per- 
 petual, and passed in the Year One Thousand Seven Hundred and 
 Twenty-one." 
 
 The petitioners furthermore reply to the complaints of 
 the removalists by saying that the loss of time falls heavier 
 upon those who live near, — for it is notorious that such at- 
 tend courts more than three times to the others' once, and 
 
 that the deputy register, in the execution of his office, has 
 no connection with the courts of justice at all. 
 
 Nothing was accomplished at this timo, and during the 
 exciting political disturbances of succeeding years the sub- 
 ject was probably allowed to rest until our county was re- 
 lieved from the invasions of the Pritish armies, when it 
 was again brought forward witli additional reasons for a 
 change. 
 
 Those favorable to a removal succeeded in procuring the 
 passage of an act of Assembly on the 20th of iMarch, 1780, 
 which authorized William Clingan, Thomas Bull, John 
 Kinkead, Koger Kirk, 'John Sellers, John Wilson, and Jo- 
 seph Davis, or any four or more of them, to purchase a 
 piece of land situate in some convenient place in the county, 
 and to build a new court-house and prison thereon, and to 
 sell the old court-house and prison in the town of Chester. 
 These gentlemen purchased a lot of land in the township 
 of East Cain from Jlosanna Sheward, on which to erect 
 the building, but for some cause not now certainly known — 
 probably because a majority of them may have been op- 
 posed to the removal of the county-seat — they proceeded no 
 farther in the matter. 
 
 On the 22d of. March, 1784, a supplement to the origi- 
 nal act of Assembly was passed, substituting John Hannum, 
 Isaac Taylor, and John Jacobs in place of the first-named 
 commissioners, and authorizing them to carry the act of 
 1780 into effect. This supplement, however, contained a 
 clause not in the original act, restricting the commissioners 
 from erecting the buildings " at a greater distance than one 
 mile and a half from the Turk's Head tavern, in the town- 
 ship of Goshen, and to the west or southwest of said Turk's 
 Head tavern, and on or near the straight line from the ferry 
 called the ' Corporation Ferry,' on the Schuylkill, to the 
 village of Strasburg." Tradition says that this restrictive 
 clause was inserted at the instance of Col. John Hannum, 
 a member of the Assembly, and one of the commissioners 
 named in the act, who was the owner of lands near the 
 junction of the Valley Creek with the Brandywine, and who 
 believed that it would allow the buildings to be located on 
 his lands ; and he trusted to his personal influence, and to 
 his position as one of the commissioners, to cause the build- 
 ings to be thus located. He was, however, mistaken in the 
 distance, as his lands on measurement proved to be more 
 than two miles from the Turk's Head, and were therefore, 
 by the terms of the act, excluded from competition. 
 
 This tradition must be received with some allowance, as 
 Col. Hannum must have known that none of his land was 
 within less than two miles of the Turk's Head. An- 
 other theory that has been suggested gives the people of 
 Downingtown the credit of obtaining the clause restricting 
 the location, in order to keep the county-seat away from 
 their village 
 
 May 1, 1784, Benjamin Trego, of Goshen, and Bathsheba, 
 his wife, " As well for and in Consideration of Promoting 
 the Public Good and divers other considerations them 
 thereunto especially moving, as for and in Consideration of 
 the sum of Five shillings," convey to John Hannum, Esq., 
 Isaac Taylor, Esq., and John Jacobs a lot in Goshen for 
 the use of the county, to build a court-house and prison 
 thereon. Although Bathsheba did not sign the deed, the 
 title will not be called in question. The lot is described as 
 beginning at a stake on the southwest side of High Street, 
 
GENERAL HISTOKY. 
 
 117 
 
 so called, it being a corner of a lot laid oflF to John Han- 
 num ; thence by the said lot south fifty-six degrees west ten 
 perches ; thence south thirty-four degrees east by the lot of 
 John Hannum, and lot of John Underwood, seven perches 
 to a stake ; thence by other land of Benjamin Trego, north 
 fifty-six degrees east ten perches to a stone on the south- 
 west side of High Street ; thence north thirty degrees west 
 seven perches to the beginning. 
 
 It will be noticed that Col. Hannum was careful to se- 
 cure an adjoining lot before the purchase was consummated 
 for the county. The first-mentioned piece of ground corre- 
 sponds with the northern part of the present court-house 
 lot. Building was commenced soon after the purchase was 
 made, but the walls of the court-house were not quite com- 
 pleted when winter set in, and the operations of the work- 
 men were suspended. Before the opening of spring per- 
 mitted them to resume their labors the act of Assembly 
 authorizing the erection of the buildings was suspended. 
 This suspension act was passed March 30, 1785. It does 
 not seem, however, to have prevented the removalists from 
 proceeding with the work, who resumed active operations 
 on the buildings as soon as the season permitted. 
 
 The people of Chester, when they found the removal pro- 
 ject checked by the passage of the suspending act, took 
 fresh courage, and indulged the hope that the whole scheme 
 might yet be defeated. To make assurance doubly sure, 
 they deemed it best to demolish the work already done, and 
 thereby remove all pretext for going on with it at a future 
 day. Accordingly, they mustered their forces, appointed 
 Maj. John Harper commander, and, being provided with 
 a field-piece, a barrel of whisky, and other warlike muni- 
 tions, they took up the line of march towards'the Turk's 
 Head, in order to batter down the unfinished walls of the 
 •new court-house and prison. Mr. Lewis, in his " History of 
 Chester County," thus describes the expedition and its re- 
 sults : 
 
 " A few days before this expedition left Chester, notice of its object 
 was communicated by some of the le.iders to the neighborhood of the 
 Turk's Eead, and preparations were immediately made for its recep- 
 tion. In this business Col. Hannum was particularly active. He 
 requested Col. Isaac Taylor and Mr. Marshall to bring in what men 
 they could collect, and began himself to procure arms and prepare 
 cartridges. Grog and rations were freely distributed, and a pretty 
 respectable force was soon upon the ground. The windows of the 
 court-house were boarded upon each side, and the space between 
 filled with stones, loop-holes being left for the musketry. Each man 
 had his station assigned him; Marshall and Taylor commanded in 
 the upper story, Underwood and Patton below, while Col. Hannum 
 bad the direction of the whole. All things were arranged for a stout 
 resistance, 
 
 "The non-removalists, having passed the night at the 'Gen. 
 Greene,' made their appearance near the Turk's Head early in the 
 morning, and took their ground about two hundred yards southeast 
 of the present Quaker meeting-house. Here they planted their can- 
 non, and made preparations for the attack. They seemed, however, 
 when everything was ready, still reluctant to proceed to extremities ; 
 and having remained several hours in a hostile position, an accom- 
 modation was effected between the parties by the intervention of 
 some pacific people, who used their endeavors to prevent the effusion 
 of blood. To the non-removalists was conceded the liberty of in- 
 specting the defenses that had been prepared by their opponents, on 
 condition that they should do them no injury; and they on their part 
 agreed to abandon their design, and to return peaceably to their 
 homes. The cannon, which had been pointed against the walls, was 
 turned in another direction, and fired in celebration of the treaty. 
 
 Col. Hannum then directed his men to leave the court-house, and 
 having formed in a line a short distance to the right, to ground their 
 arms, and wait till the other party should have finished their visit to 
 the building. Here an act of indiscretion had nearly brought on a 
 renewal of hostilities, for one of Maj. Harper's men having entered 
 the /or(, struck down the flag which their opponents had raised upon 
 the walls. Highly incensed at this treatment of their standard, the 
 removalists snatched up their arms, and were with difficulty pre- 
 vented from firing upon the major and his companions. Some exer- 
 tion, however, on the part of the leaders allayed the irritation of the 
 men, and the parties at length separated amicably without loss of life 
 or limb." 
 
 Dr. Smith, in his " History of Delaware County," says, — 
 
 " It has come to the author traditionally that the attack of the 
 Chester people was instigated by the removalists proceeding with the 
 buildings after the passage of the suspension act, and that a promise to 
 desist from the work was a prominent article in the treaty of peace, — a 
 promise that was only kept while the attacking party remained in sight 
 and hearing. The attempt by the non-remov 1 party to batter down the 
 unfinished buildings was a high-handed outrage, which rendered those 
 engaged in it amenable to the laws. The fact that they were allowed 
 to escape with impunity is rather corroborative of the idea that the 
 attack was not altogether unprovoked, and renders it probable that 
 the cause for it assigned by tradition is the true one." 
 
 At the next session of the Legislature the popular breeze 
 was in favor of the removalists, and the suspending act of 
 the previous session was repealed by an act bearing the fol- 
 lowing curiously iterative title, viz. : 
 
 "An act to repeal an act entitled an act to suspend an act of the 
 General Assembly of this commonwealth, entitled a supplement to an 
 act, entitled an act to enable Wm. Clingnan, Thomas Bull, etc." 
 
 This act, which was passed on the 18th of March, 1786, 
 settled the controversy, the buildings were completed, 
 and on the 25th of September, 1786, a law was enacted 
 empowering the sheriff of Chester County to remove the 
 prisoners from the old jail in the town of Chester to the 
 new jail in Goshen township. All the records, deed-books, 
 wills, court papers, etc., were removed, and West Chester 
 became the seat of justice, instead of Chester. 
 
 The county buildings first erected were the court-house 
 and jail. The court-house stood at the northeast corner of 
 the lot, and the jail in the rear of the court-house. They 
 were miserable specimens of architecture, those who 
 planned them seeming to have no conception of such a 
 thing as architectural symmetry or beauty. The jail was 
 torn down on the completion of the present county prison, 
 which was erected in 1838, and the court-house and offices 
 on the erection of the present court-house, in 1847-48. 
 
 The first court held at West Chester commenced on the 
 28th of November, 1786. In those days the courts were 
 held by the justices of the peace of the county. Those 
 present at this first court were William Clingan, William 
 Haslett, John Bartholomew, Philip Scott, Isaac Taylor, 
 John Ealston, Joseph Luckey, Thomas Cheyney, Thomas 
 Levis, and Richard H ill Morris. 
 
 While the subject of the removal was pending before 
 the Legislature, the opposition was very bitter and spirited. 
 Dr. Smith says that in one of the missives addressed to the 
 Legislature by those opposed to the removal. West Chester is 
 described as "that elegant and notorious place, vulgarly 
 called the Turlcs Head (by some called West Chester), 
 a place as unfit for the general convenience, and much more 
 so than any one spot that might be pointed out within ten 
 
118 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 miles square of the above-described place (except towards 
 the New Castle line)." 
 
 The contest also had its humorous side, and satirical 
 songs were written and rude jests indulged in at the ex- 
 pense of the busy-bodies of both parties. One Joseph 
 Hickman, a ready rhy raster, composed a burlesque ditty 
 in ridicule of the inhabitants of Chester, whose interests 
 were likely to be affected by the change of the seat of justice. 
 It was entitled " Chester's Mother," or the lamentations of 
 the dependents of the old seat of justice over the prospect of 
 losing a nursing mother. Inasmuch as the production 
 indicates the tone and style of rustic satire at that tem- 
 pestuous period of our local history, and as the busy- 
 bodies thus hitched into rhyme have long since passed 
 away, it may be allowable, and even acceptable to the 
 curious in antique poesy, to insert it here as a specimen of 
 our early indigenous literature. 
 
 An old English wool-comber, a retainer of the Turk's 
 Head party, Marmaduke Wyvil by name, who, half a 
 century since, used to ramble about the country like an an- 
 cient troubadour, was very fond of chanting the ditty for 
 a small consideration. A drink of cider or a small glass 
 of whisky would at any time procure its recital, with em- 
 phatic intonation and peculiar unction : 
 
 LAMENT OVER CHESTER'S MOTHER. 
 
 Poor Chester's raofher's very sick, 
 
 Her breath is almost gone ,* 
 Her children throng around her thick, 
 
 And bitterly do moan. 
 
 Cries little 'Lisha,* the first-born, 
 
 " What will become of I, 
 A little orphan, held in scorn, 
 
 If mamma she should die? 
 
 "Not only I will be opprest, 
 
 I younger brothers have, 
 Who cannot do without the breast 
 
 When mamma's in her grave." 
 
 And then poor helpless Billy f cries, 
 
 " Oh ! how shall I be fed, 
 What shall I do, if mamma dies ? 
 
 I cannot work for bread, — 
 
 "These little hands have never wrought. 
 
 Oh, how I am opprest ! 
 For I have never yet done aught 
 
 But hang on mamma's breast." 
 
 Little DaviSjJ be comes ne.xl, 
 
 A puling, silly boy; 
 His countenance appears perplexed 
 
 And destitute of joy. 
 
 " How is our dear mamma?" he oried, 
 
 " Think you we can her save ? 
 How is the wound that's in her side. 
 
 Which cursed Hannum J gave ?" 
 
 * Elisha Price, a prominent and active opponent of the removal. 
 He was a lawyer, and perhaps the oldest resident practitioner. 
 
 -(■ William Kerlin, one of the principal inn-keepers in Chester, and 
 consequently a vehement opponent of removal. 
 
 J Davis Bevan, a retail merchant in Chester, and an active partisan 
 in this controversy. 
 
 I John Hannum, chairman of the commission for effecting the re- 
 moval, and the master-spirit in the whole aff'air; of course, exceed- 
 ingly obnoxious to the people of Old Chester. The colonel was a sort 
 of county autocrat, and for a long time managed matters pretty 
 much in his own way. He built the old Washington Hotel, on High 
 Street, with only a narrow alley between it and the court-house ; and 
 with a view to secure the patronage of the judges to the hotel, he pro- 
 jected a kind of gallery or passageway from the second story across 
 the alley into the hall of justice, for the accommodation of their 
 honors, and even went so far towards effecting an opening as to re- 
 move some stones from the court-house wall, when the county com- 
 
 Says little Ned,|| " Upon my word. 
 
 Poor mamma will be slain; 
 Though cursed Hannum lost his sword,^ 
 
 He's got it back again. 
 
 "What shall I do if mamma dies? 
 
 What will become of Ned?" 
 The tears came trickling from his eyes, 
 
 And straight he took his bed. 
 
 Then Caley,** he came next in view, 
 
 His mouth was all awry ; 
 Says he, "Oh, what will Caley do 
 
 If dear mamma should die ? 
 
 " She might have lived for many a year, 
 
 And ail her children fed, 
 If Hannum hadn't poisoned her, 
 
 Curse on his frizzled head !" 
 
 Cries little John,tt the youngest son, 
 
 Who just began to crawl, 
 "If mamma lives I soon shall run; 
 
 If not, I soon shall fall. 
 
 "Oh, may Jack Hannum quickly die, 
 
 And die in grievous pain. 
 Be sent into eternity, 
 
 That mamma may remain ! 
 
 " May all his projects fail likewise. 
 
 That we may live again!" 
 Then every one rolled up his eyes, 
 
 And cried aloud, " Amen !" 
 
 The commissioners who erected the public buildings 
 were authorized by act of Assembly to dispose of the old 
 court-house and prison in the town of Chester. In pursu- 
 ance of this authority, they made sale of them to William 
 Kerlin, and conveyed them to him by deed dated March 
 18, 1788, for the consideration of four hundred and fifteen 
 pounds. Mr. Kerlin at that time owned and kept a public- 
 house on the opposite side of the main street of the town 
 from the public buildings. 
 
 March 3, 1788, an act was passed reciting the act of 
 March 20, 1780, under which a lot of land had been pur- 
 chased for a county-seat ; also the supplementary act re- 
 stricting the commissioners to certain limits, in pursuance 
 of which the court-house and prison had been erected in- 
 Goshen. and now directing 
 
 " That the commissioners in and for the county of Chester, or any 
 two of them, be, and they are hereby, empowered and directed to ex- 
 pose to sale by public vendue, to the highest bidder, a certain lot of 
 land lying and being in the township of East Cain, purchased from Ros- 
 anna Sheward for the use of said county by Willium Clingan, Thomas 
 Bull, John Kinkead, Roger Kirk, John Sellers, John Wilson, and 
 Joseph Davis, commissioners under the act first recited, bounded as 
 follows, viz. ; Beginning at a marked hickory sapling standing on the 
 north side of the Conestoga road; thence by said road north seventy 
 degrees and a half east ten perches to a post; thence by lands of said 
 Rosanna Sheward, north eighteen degrees west sixteen perches to a 
 post; thence by said Rosanna Sheward's land, south seventy-one de- 
 grees and a half west ten perches to a post; thence south eighteen 
 
 missioners mustered courage enough to forbid further operations. 
 The gaps made in the wall testified to the presumptuous liberty thus 
 taken for many years, until the exterior of the old building was reno- 
 vated by a rough coat of plastering and pebble-dashing. 
 
 II The reference here is either to Edward Vernon or to Edward 
 Richards, but which is now uncertain. 
 
 If The allusion here is to the capture of Col. Hannum by a party 
 of British light-horse, who surprised him one night in his bed and 
 took him prisoner to Philadelphia. 
 
 *» Caleb Davis, who held the office of prothonotary from 1777 to 
 1791, and took a lively interest in the question of removal. 
 
 tt Mnj. John Harper, a Revolutionary officer, who had then recently 
 commenced tavern-keeping in Chester; of course he was opposed to 
 removal. Tradition says he had command of the belligerent forces 
 which came to demolish the unfinished buildings. He afterwards 
 came to reside in West Chester, and was for some time landlord of 
 the famous Turk's Head tavern. 
 
Court House, W£sr Chester, Pa. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 119- 
 
 degrees and a half east sixteen perches to the place of beginning, 
 containing one acre, be the same more or less," 
 
 In pursuance of this act the lot was sold, and became the 
 property of Richard Downing, the leading spirit in opposing 
 the location of the county-seat at this place (Downing- 
 town) ; and from him it passed to his daughter Phebe, who 
 married Jesse Meredith, who for many years was a mer- 
 chant in the village. His children, Richard and Elizabeth 
 Meredith, sold the lot to R. D. Wells, the present owner, 
 whose dwelling stands thereon in place of an old log house, 
 still remembered by persons living. It is west from the 
 railroad station, and almost directly opposite the freight 
 depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and retains the original 
 area. Through the researches of Dr. John P. Edge the 
 location has been identified. 
 
 PUBLIC OFFICE BUILDING. 
 . Benjamin Trego, of Goshen, conveyed to his son Em- 
 mor, Aug. 26, 1784, a lot on the south side of the court- 
 house lot, and occupying the space between the latter and 
 South Street, now Market Street. It was three and one- 
 half perches wide on High Street, and two and one-quarter 
 wide at the west end. The consideration was forty pounds. 
 Emmor Trego conveyed the same lot, Feb. 27, 1786, to 
 Abraham Williamson and Jesse Jumes, of Thornbury, for 
 fifty-five pounds of silver money, and they sold it, June 16, 
 1790, to John Worth, Joseph Gibbons, and James Moore, 
 county commissioners, who probably purchased it for the 
 erection thereon of a building to accommodate the county 
 o£Bcers. Prior to this time the officers had kept the records 
 at their private residences. The following memorandum 
 has been preserved respecting the proposed structure : 
 
 " The Cellar is to be 6 feet bellow the surface of the Ground, to be 
 
 wall'd up with good stone and Lime mortar as high as the water table j 
 
 to have five windows in it, and one Cellar Door to be in the End next 
 
 to the Court house; a halfe of it is to.be arch'd with sufiitlent well 
 
 burn'd bricks ; The two front Room floors to be of good pine boards : 
 
 The two Back Rooms to have Suffitient floors, well cover'd with Lime 
 
 mortar, blacksmith Cinders, Sand, Ac. : The Rooms are to have two 
 
 windows in Each : the Doors are to have Pediments over them : the 
 
 two back Rooms are to have Groin Arch'd Ceilings: the Roughf to 
 
 be Coverd with good 3 feet Shingles, Cources about 9 Inches : a Neet 
 
 Cornice to the Eves; One Ceroular window in Each End: Steps to 
 
 front Doors are to be of hew'd stone : the whole to be well Painted: 
 
 The Building is to be 36 ft. Square, for the sum of Eight hundred 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 "John Smith." 
 
 This John Smith, who was the brother of Col. Robert 
 Smith, undertook to erect the building in accordance with 
 these specifications, and for the performance thereof gave a 
 bond in double the amount of the contract to Joseph Gib- 
 bons, James Moore, and Elijah McClenaohan, commission- 
 ers, dated April 4, 1791. His sureties were Persifor 
 Frazer, Caleb Davis, and Thomas Ross. This building 
 stood in the southeast corner of the present court-house 
 yard, with the front on High Street. 
 
 On May 6, 1830, William Wollerton, of Uwchlan, and 
 Rebecca, his wife, conveyed to the county commissioners 
 a narrow piece of ground at the west end of the two former 
 purchases, thus completing the county possessions at this 
 place. 
 
 The first court-house here stood with gable end to High 
 Street) and the entrance on thesbuth side. The first floor 
 
 was used for the court-room, and at the north side thereof 
 was a raised platform extending the length of the building. 
 This arrangement was doubtless for the accommodation of 
 the justices who held the Court of Common Pleas at that 
 time, and of whom there were a large number. After the 
 justices ceased to hold courts, and the number of judges 
 was reduced to five or less, a portion of this platform at 
 each end was cut off by a railing and thrown open to the 
 use of spectators. The second story was divided into 
 rooms for the use of the grand and petit juries, and was 
 reached by a stairway in the southeast corner. 
 
 At a later period a circular addition was made at the 
 west end of the building, and the judges' bench placed 
 therein. In this addition were three windows, reaching 
 nearly to the floor, at some one of which the judges fre- 
 quently entered the building. At the same time the 
 southern door was closed, and an entrance made at the 
 
 east end. 
 
 THE PRESENT COUET-HOUSE. 
 
 On March 12, 1846, the county commissioners — Mar- 
 decai Lee, Enos Pennock, and Smith Sharpless — resolved to 
 build a new court-house, and that it be located on the 
 public lot, so as to bring the eastern line of the building 
 (exclusive of the portico) on a line with the western end 
 of the old court-house, and the north line of the building 
 two feet south of the southern part of the said old court- 
 house. Its position was afterwards changed and altered by 
 being moved eastward and northward. Its architect was 
 Thomas U. Walter, and the contractors were William 
 Ingram, Chalkley Jefferis, James Powell, and David H. 
 Taylor. The corner-stone was laid July 4, 1846, in which, 
 at the southeast corner, nearly about the height of the top 
 of the lower window, were deposited various documents, 
 the newspapers of the day, and coins of that year. Its 
 architecture is Corinthian, and this structure, which is 
 worthy of the taste and resources. of this ancient county, 
 was completed in 1847. 
 
 The following are the expenditures for this piece of 
 public property : 
 
 Amount of original contract $45,049.67 
 
 Extra work ou same 739.89 
 
 Making shelves, eases, counters, etc., for offices 16,754.50 
 
 Iron pipes to conduct water to street 239.45 
 
 Building walls, privies, paving and filling yard 3,030.26 
 
 James Parke, for marble coping and steps for yard 1,166.84 
 
 Peter Mingus, for iron frnee 1,480.00 
 
 Thomas U. Walter, architect 1,911.70 
 
 William Apple, for vane and ball on cupola 66,67 
 
 William Sweeny, gilding same 47.00 
 
 Total cost $55,345.98 
 
 The additions, alterations, repairs, etc., to the court- 
 house have been (inckidiog expenses for gas, water, coal, 
 etc.), as follows : 
 
 1852 $221.47 
 
 1853 16».32 
 
 1855 1,699.88 
 
 1856 2,908.49 
 
 1857 ' 33.23 
 
 1858 ., : 382,71 
 
 1859 :.......»21 ,816.66 
 
 1860 2,671.65 
 
 1861 337.20 
 
 1862 1K3-60 
 
 1863 762.91 
 
 1864 280.45 
 
 1865 123.31 
 
 1866 179.00 
 
 1867 578.80 
 
 1868..; 777.30 
 
 1869... 1,063.57 
 
 1870 1,258.88 
 
 1871 '. 698.46 
 
 1872 987.66 
 
 1873 2,517.63 
 
 1874 1,560.33 
 
 1875 982.26 
 
 1S76 548.05 
 
 1877 2,587.06 
 
 1878 2,652.79 
 
 1879 1,490.68 
 
 1880 976.58 
 
 * Facing with Pictou stone by Gray &. Paul. 
 
120 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 For this and other data from the commissioners' office 
 we are indebted to Joseph F. Hill, the present clerk, who 
 has done more to systematize the records of that office 
 than all his predecessors combined. 
 
 DIVISION OF THE COUNTY— DELAWARE 
 COUNTY ERECTED. 
 
 The new seat of justice at West Chester was near the 
 centre of the county, on the great road leading from Phila- 
 delphia to Strasburg, and as convenient to all parts of the 
 county as could reasonably be desired. The people of Ches- 
 ter, however, finding themselves deprived of the advantages 
 resulting from having the seat of justice in their midst, sud- 
 denly discovered that they suffered serious inconvenience by 
 reason of its being removed to a great distance from them, 
 and accordingly set themselves to work to endeavor to pro- 
 cure a division of the county and the erection of a new 
 one, with the county-seat at Chester. The Legislature 
 listened to their petitions, and on the 26th of September, 
 1789, passed " An Act for dividing the county of Chester, 
 and to erect part thereof into a separate county." The 
 first and second .sections of the act read as follows : 
 
 "Sec. I. Whereas the inhabitants of the borough of Chester and 
 the southeastern parts of the county of Chester have by their peti- 
 tions set forth to the General Assembly of this State that they labor 
 under many and great inconveniences from the seat of justice being 
 removed to a great distance from them, and have prayed that they 
 may be relieved from the said inconveniences by erecting the said 
 borough and southeastern parts of the said county into a separate 
 county, and as it appears but just and reasonable that they should be 
 relieved in the premises, 
 
 " Sec. II. Be it enacted, etc., that all that part of Chester County 
 lying within the bounds and limits hereinafter described shall be, and 
 the same is hereby, erected into a separate county, that is to say : Be- 
 ginning in the middle of Brandywine River, where the same crosses 
 the circular line of New Castle County, thence up the middle of the 
 said river to the line dividing the lands of Elizabeth Chads and Caleb 
 Brinton, at or near the ford commonly called or known by the name 
 of Chads' Ford, and from thence, on ii line as nearly straight as may 
 be, so as not to split or divide plantations, to the great road leading 
 from Goshen to Chester, where the Westtown line intersects or crosses 
 the said road, and from thence, along the lines of Edgemont, Newtown, 
 and lladnor, so as to include those townships, to the line of Mont- 
 gomery County, and along the same and the Philadelphia County line 
 to the river Delaware, and down the same to the circular line aforesaid 
 and along the same to the place of beginning, to be henceforth known 
 and called by the name of ' Delaware County.' " 
 
 By the same act John Sellers, Thomas Tucker, and 
 Charles Dilworth were appointed commissioners to run and 
 mark the line dividing the counties in the manner before 
 mentioned. These men performed the duty thus assigned 
 them. The public buildings at Chester, which, on the 
 removal of the county-seat to West Chfester, had been sold 
 to William Kerlin, were purchased from him for the use 
 of the new county, and the town of Chester again attained 
 the dignity of a county-seat. 
 
 It will be observed by an examination of the line on 
 the map of Chester County that a portion of it is very 
 crooked. This was partly rendered necessary in carrying 
 out the provisions of the act, — that the line should be run 
 " so as not to split or divide plantations." Tradition says 
 that the commissioners acceded to the wishes of the land- 
 owners along the line as to which county they desired 
 their plantations to be in, and ran the line accordingly. 
 
 An inspection of the line shows that this was very probably 
 the case, and that the commissioners, while obeying that 
 part of their instructions which directed them to run the 
 line '• so as not to split or divide plantations," seem to have 
 lost sight of another provision, — that it should be run " as 
 nearly straight as may be." 
 
 The townships of Birmingham and Thornbury were 
 divided, but provision was made in the act that the parts 
 of townships falling in each county should severally con- 
 stitute independent townships, and that each new township 
 should retain the name of the original township from which 
 it was taken. 
 
 It will further be observed on an inspection of the map 
 of the county that there is a small portion of territory at 
 the southwest corner of Birmingham township, Delaware 
 County, situated between the circular line and a bend in the 
 Brandywine Creek, marked " Part of Birmingham, Chester 
 County," which is over two miles distant from the main 
 body of that township ; and many persons have doubtless 
 wondered why Birmingham township, in Chester County, 
 should be the owner of territory thus shuated. 
 
 A critical examination of the dividing lino between the 
 counties will explain the seeming anomaly. The act of 
 Assembly erecting Delaware County provides that the line 
 shall begin " in the middle of Brandywine River, where 
 the same crosses the circular line of New Castle County, 
 thence up the middle of the said river," etc. The portion of 
 territory in question formed part of the original township 
 of Birmingham, as it existed before the division, but is en- 
 tirely west of the Brandywine, the bend in the creek at its 
 western boundary not running quite down to the circular 
 line. Being thus cut off from that part of the township 
 included in Delaware County, it constituted a part of the 
 division which fell to Chester County, and has ever since 
 formed a part of Birmingham township, Chester County. 
 
 Dr. Smith, in the " History of Delaware County," speak- 
 ing of the running of the line between the counties, says, — 
 
 " A draught in the possession of the author, doubtless prepared from 
 the surveys made by the commissioners, presents several interesting 
 facts which it may not be amiss to notice. 
 
 "A straight line was run from the starting-point on the Brandy- 
 wine to the intersection of the Goshen road by the western line, which 
 is six miles three-quarters and fifty-four perches in length, whereas 
 the crooked line between the same points, passing along the bounda- 
 ries of the farms cut by the straight line, and now forming the divi- 
 sion line between the two counties, has a length of eleven miles one- 
 quarter and nineteen perches. On a line perpendicular to the above- 
 ment oned straight line, the court-house at West Chester is only three 
 miles three-quarters and fifty-eight perches distant. The bearing of 
 this perpendicular line is north forty six degrees west. 
 
 " It is charged, in a note on the draught, that a member of the Leg- 
 islature, while the act fur a division of the county was under considera- 
 tion, asserted that no part of the straight line run by the commis- 
 sioners would oorae nearer West Chester than six miles. 
 
 "The court-bouse at West Chester lies nearly due north from the 
 commencement of the division line on the Brandywine, and is a little 
 over five miles distant from that point, whereas it was alleged at the 
 session of the Legislature at which the act was passed that the dis- 
 tance was nine miles. 
 
 " From the intersection of the Goshen road and the county line to 
 AVest Chester the distance in a direct line is four miles three-quarters 
 and sixty perches nearly, and the course north eighty-five degrees west. 
 The shortest distance from the Street road to West Chester is nine 
 hundred and sixty-five perches. 
 
 " It also appears from the draught that another division line had 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 121 
 
 been proposed. This commenced at the mouth of Davis' or Harvey's 
 Run, on the Brandywine, and ran so as to inolu le the whole of Thorn- 
 bury township; In Chester County. 
 
 "The average gain to the whole people of the new county, in the 
 way of convenience in reaching their seat of justice, did not exceed 
 four miles ; and when it is considered that the whole population of the 
 new county at that time (1790) was only nine thousand four hundred 
 and eighty-three, and many of the land-holders really poor, in con- 
 sequence of the war and the exhausting system of agriculture that 
 had been pursued, it is truly wonderful that our ancestors ever con- 
 sented to this division, which necessarily subjected them to all the 
 increased municipal burdens incident to a small county.'' 
 
 At different times attempts have been made to divide 
 our present county, or to create a new one by taking parts 
 from this and neighboring ones. In 1819 meetings were 
 held in favor of tiie erection of " Penn" County out of the 
 western part of this and the eastern part of Lancaster 
 County. In 1825 " Octorara" County found its advocates, 
 and in 1832 some efforts were made to establish a new 
 county from parts of Chester, Lancaster, and Berks, under 
 the name of " Conestoga." 
 
 WHISKY INSURRECTION. 
 
 In 1791-94 what is popularly known as " The Whisky 
 Insurrection" took place in the southwestern counties of 
 Pennsylvania, in opposition to a law of Congress laying an 
 excise upon all distilled spirits. This opposition was chiefly 
 confined to the counties of Fayette, Washington, West- 
 moreland, and Alleghany. 
 
 In order to put down the insurrection, as it was termed, 
 the President, in 1794, called out a large body of troops, 
 and caused them to be marched to the seat of the disturb- 
 ances. In the mean time commissioners of the general 
 government proposed to the people an amnesty on certain 
 conditions. A few judicious men, disguising their real 
 sentiments, managed to lead and moderate the movements 
 of the insurgents, and finally to quell their impetuosity. 
 They were also overawed by the force which had been 
 called out, even before it reached the seat of the disturb- 
 ances, and generally accepted of the amnesty that had been 
 proclaimed. The insurrection came to an eiid, and the 
 army, which arrived in November, met with no opposition, 
 and shed no blood. The greater part of it was at once 
 disbanded, .and the men returned to their homes, a few bat- 
 talions being left to insure security and preserve quiet dur- 
 ing the winter. In the spring the military were entirely 
 withdrawn ; order had been fully restored, the law, al- 
 though still felt to be unjust, oppressive, and unequal in its 
 operation, was acquiesced in, and business resumed its 
 wonted course. 
 
 The quelling of the insurrection was followed by quite a 
 paper war, in which much acrimonious feeling was indulged 
 in.* 
 
 * The reader who desires to know more of the matter is referred to 
 the writings which treat specially of it. Among these may be men- 
 tioned William Findlay's " History of the Western Insurrection," and 
 Judge Hugh H. Braokenridge's " Incidents of the Western Insurrec- 
 tion," both published in the year following the disturbances; Gen. 
 Hamilton's official report in the American State Papers; Neville B. 
 Craig's " History of Pittsburgh/' published in 1851 ; H. M. Bracken- 
 ridge's "History of the Western Insurrection in 1794," published in 
 1859 ; and the appendix to an edition of Judge Braokenridge's " Mod- 
 ern Chivalry," published in 1856; also the lately published "Stale 
 Archives." 
 16 
 
 When President Washington issued his requisition for a 
 military force to quell the insurrection. Governor Mifflin 
 made a tour through the eastern counties to arouse the 
 military spirit, and by the influence of his extraordinary 
 popular eloquence soon caused the ranks to be filled up. 
 In the progress of this tpur he came to West Chester to 
 rally the men of Chester County for the occasion, and ad- 
 dressed a mass meeting with such effect that the people re-, 
 sponded in the most gratifying manner. 
 
 By a letter from the Secretary of War, dated Aug. 7, 
 1794, it appears the total number of meji called for from 
 this State by the President was five thousand two hun- 
 dred, of which three hundred and seventy-eight were to be 
 drawn from the First Brigade (Chester County) of the 
 Third Division of militia ; and of these, fifty-eight were 
 to be cavalry. The five thou.sand two hundred men were 
 to form a division under Maj.-Gen. William Irvine, and 
 this division to consist of three brigades, to the first of 
 which, under Brig.-Gen. Thomas Proctor, the Chester 
 County troops were assigned. 
 
 Joseph McClellan, then sheriff of the county ,^-who had 
 been a captain of infantry in Wayne's brigade through the 
 greater portion of the Revolutionary war, — was promptly at 
 the head of a troop of cavalry, and Aaron Musgrave raised 
 a company of artillery. These companies joined the ex- 
 pedition to the West, which was commanded by Governor 
 Henry Lee, of Virginia, and faithfully performed their tour 
 of duty. 
 
 On the organization of the troops into regiments, Capt. 
 McClellan became major of the regiment to which his 
 company was attached, and Thomas Taylor succeeded him 
 as captain of the company. 
 
 The following election returns, on file in the prothono- 
 tary's office, furnish the names of many of the Chester 
 County troops : 
 
 "At an Election held and kept at the Barracks, in the Town of 
 Carlisle, this fourteenth Day of October, in the year of our Lord One 
 Thousand Seven Hundred and Ninety four, for Captain Aron Mus- 
 grave's Company of Artillerymen, belonging to the Chester County 
 Brigade of the Militia of this Commonwealth, now in Public service 
 on Garrison at the said Town of Carlisle, and not attached or belong- 
 ing to any particular Begiment, Pursuant to an Act entitled 'An Act 
 to enable such of the Militia of this Commonwealth as may.be on ser- 
 vice and absent from th^r respective Counties, to vote at the next 
 General Election :' a,nd it appeared after Casting up the votes that the 
 several Candidates hereinafter named had the respective numbers 
 severally annexed to their names for the several Offices hereinafter 
 specified, viz. ;" etc, 
 
 " The following is a list of the names of the persons belonging to 
 the said Company who voted at the said Election, together with the 
 name of the Town, Township, Ward or District, wherein such Electors 
 reside :" 
 
 Wil" Williamson, Brandywine. 
 Wm. Culbertson, " 
 
 Aaron Musgrove, West Chester. . 
 Philip McAffry, " " 
 
 Ja« Alloorn, " 
 
 John Norton, " " 
 
 Joshua Harris, " " 
 
 Amos Warren, " " 
 
 John McBride, " " 
 
 John McCallaher, E. Whiteland. 
 William Nilson, Westtown. 
 James Rodgers, Goshen. 
 Patrick Thornton, " 
 
 E. McClenachan, Londonderry. 
 Richard Booger, " 
 
 Thomas McCan, Goshen. 
 John Smith, " 
 
 Robert Finney, New London. 
 W™ Sheenes(?), New Garden. 
 John Pergrine, Charlestown. 
 James Reed, East Bradford. 
 Clement Rig, W. Nantmeal, 
 Thomas Frazer, Birmingham. 
 John Knox, W. Bradford. 
 James Sharp, Brandywine. 
 Kobert'Hutbhisoh, Kehnet. 
 
122 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Samuel Scott, Birmingham. 
 George Wilson, East Cain. 
 James Wilson, " " 
 Isaiio MoFarlan, " " 
 Mathew Robinson, Goshen. 
 
 Caleb Woodward, W. Bradford. 
 
 John Wilson, West Chester. 
 
 Dan' Dougherty, City of Philada. 
 
 Enoch Jones, Kennet. 
 
 Benjamin Bees, Goshen. 
 A, MusSEATE, Capt. & Judge of Election. 
 Philip Mc&ffry, first Lieut, and Inspector. 
 
 W" CULBERTSO.V, Clwh. 
 
 " A Return of an Elexion held at half a Mile from Shipingsbnrg, 
 out of Camp, agrable to the direction in Law. Being the rotable 
 part of Captan John Parlier's Company, Lt. Col. John Harris' Detach- 
 ment of Militia." 
 
 Voters. 
 
 James Williams, Charlestown. 
 David Deale, " 
 
 James Sumeril, Goshen. 
 
 Jn*^ Janson, " 
 
 James Walker, " 
 Edward McClaskey, Goshen. 
 Joseph King, Willistown. 
 Isaac King, " 
 
 Alex. McClay, ** 
 William MoClay, " 
 James Thompson, W. Whiteland. 
 John Love, " " 
 
 John McCoy, " " 
 
 William Newlin, " " 
 
 Archibald Burgis, E. Whiteland. 
 John Parker (Capt.), Tredyffrin. 
 John Lewis (Lieut.), " 
 
 Attested by John Parker, Capt. 
 
 John Lewis, Lieut. & Inspector. 
 David Craig, Clark. 
 
 At an Election held half a mile beyond Chambersburg, in Frank- 
 lin County, Oct. 14, 1794, by Capt. McClellan's Company of light 
 Dragoons, the following voted : 
 
 Edward Pelroe (Adj'), Tredyffrin. 
 Thomas Bones (Com'y), " 
 
 Luke Gaines, '' 
 
 Nicholas Cahoon, *' 
 
 Charles McCIean, " 
 
 William Lincb, " 
 
 Joseph Jones, " 
 
 Dennis McCarachar, " 
 
 Peter Mclntire, " 
 
 David Cornog, " 
 
 John Slceziman, " 
 
 Joseph Hampton, " 
 
 David Craig, " 
 
 John Kowen, " 
 
 David Green, " 
 
 William McCray, " 
 
 Sam' Ramsey, Willistown. 
 Jn» Dining, Goshen. 
 Joseph Dilworth, Goshen. 
 Martin Wise, West Cain. 
 Joseph Sloan, Sadsbury. 
 Eobt. Major, Willistown. 
 Nath' Cuningham, Honeybrook. 
 John Sloan, Sadsbury. 
 Sam> B. Foster, Sadsbury. 
 David Fleming, " 
 Wm. Gibbons, Birmingham. 
 Joseph McClcllan, Goshen. 
 John Heslet, W. Fallowfield. 
 Thomas Taylor, Goshen. 
 James A. Brown, Goshen. 
 John Cunningham, East Cain. 
 W" Cunningham, " " 
 Jacob Humphrey, E. Fallowfield. 
 Waters. Dewees, Tredyffrin. 
 
 John Worthington, Goshen. 
 Sam' Futhey, AVest Fallowfield. 
 Francis Gardner, West Cain. 
 Morgan Reese, East Fallowfield. 
 Sam' Entriken, Goshen. 
 Wm. Kinnard, " 
 Dennis Whelen, Uwchlan. 
 David Adams, Tredyffrin. 
 Sam' McClay, Goshen. 
 Jn» Pettit, West Marlborough. 
 Geo. Irwin, West Cain. 
 Jacob Stott, East Fallowfield. 
 Joseph Park, Sadsbury. 
 Geo. Hollis, West Whiteland. 
 David Buchanan, W. Fallowfield. 
 Jn" Cowden, " " 
 
 Jn" Taylor, Goshen. 
 Isaac Thomas, Tredyffrin, 
 Abraham Guyder, " 
 
 Neal Graham, Coventry. 
 
 Attested by Joseph McClellan, Judge. 
 Thomas Taylor, Inspector. 
 Joseph Moore, Clerk. 
 
 The following is a complete roll of this company of Ches- 
 ter County cavalry, obtained through the kindness of Hon. 
 Edward McPherson, of Gettysburg. The descendants of 
 many of the members are still in our midst : 
 
 Major, Joseph McClellan; captain, Thomas Taylor; first lieutenant, 
 Joshua Thompson; second lieutenant, Dennis Whelan; cornet, 
 Thomas Ross; adjutant, Thomas Ross; sergeants, Thomas R. 
 Kennedy, Robert Major, Jacob Humphrey, John Worthington . 
 corporals. Wills Hemphill, Joseph Dilworth, Jacob Stott, Morgan 
 Reese; surgeon, Joseph Moore; quartermaster, Samuel Futhey; 
 quartermaster's sergeant. Waters Dewees; farrier, Samuel Ram- 
 say ; privates, William Gibbons, Williiim Kinnard, David Adams 
 George Irwin, John Taylor, Samuel MoClay, George Hollis, Jp. 
 
 seph Sloan, David Bncbanan, Peter Hemphill, William Boon, 
 Thomas Glascow, Jacob Rudolph, John Heslit, Isaac Thomas 
 Joseph Park, Samuel Downing, John Jonas Preston, Samuel 
 Entriken, John Sloan, David Fleming, Martin Wise, Jamw A. 
 Brown, John Denning, Miel Graham, John Cowden, Isaac Culin, 
 Nathaniel Cunningham, Jonathan Bonsall, John Pettit, Samuel 
 B. Foster, Abraham Guider, Francis Gardner, John Shippen, 
 Peter Morris. 
 From this roll it appears that their term of service commenced on 
 the 20th of October, 1794, and terminated on the 24th of December of 
 the same year. They were paid for their services at the following 
 rates per month: captain, forty dollars; lieutenants, twenty-six dol- 
 lars; cornet, twenty dollars; adjutant, ten dollars; sergeants, eight 
 dollars; surgeon, forty-five dollars; corporals, seven dollars; quarter- 
 master, fourteen dollars and sixty-seven cents ; quartermaster- sergeant, 
 eight dollars; and privates, each six dollars and sixty-seven cents, 
 
 A Return of an election held for Capt. Wersler'a Company in 
 Lt. Col. Jno. Harris' Detachment at Springhead, half mile from 
 Shippensburg : 
 
 Voters. 
 
 Adam Miller, 
 
 George Wersler, Charlestown. 
 Tost Smith, " 
 
 Andrew Turk, " 
 
 John Davison, " 
 
 Moses Coates, " 
 
 Peter Hartman, Pikeland. 
 Daniel Shimer, " 
 
 William Fuller, " 
 George Hartman, " 
 George Young, " 
 
 Jacob Hippie, " 
 
 Peter Stipe, Vincent. 
 Peter Brumback, Vincent. 
 Jacob Hetherling, " 
 Jacob Ludwick, " 
 
 Vincent. 
 
 Oct. 14, 1794. 
 
 Henry Mowrer, " 
 
 George Rice, " 
 
 Jacob Knerr, " 
 
 Adam Shimer, " 
 
 Thomas Eavens, " 
 
 Arcbable Derra, " 
 
 Joseph Rutter, Coventry. 
 Jacob Bartholomew, Coventry. 
 James Star'rat, E. Nantmeal, 
 David Stephens, * 
 
 William McEIroy, " 
 David Hart, " 
 
 Jesse Griffeth, " 
 
 David Points, " 
 
 Attested by George Websler, Capt. 
 Daniel Shiher, Lt. 
 Tost Smith, Clerk, 
 
 From a muster-roll in possession of Milton Wersler, of 
 Charlestown, dated " Shippensburg, Pa., Oct. 4, 1794," we 
 are able to give the list of oflScers and the following pri- 
 vates, in addition to the above. It appears the company 
 was raised by draft, and was attached to the First Battalion 
 of the Forty-fourth Regiment Pennsylvania militia. 
 
 ROLL. 
 
 George Werstler, captain; Daniel Shimer, lieutenant; Peter Brum? 
 back, ensign; Yost Smith, sergeant; John Davidson, sergeant; 
 George Toung, sergeant; Jacob Hetherlin, sergeant. Privates, 
 Andrew Boils, Archible Dunlap, Anthony Shafer, Benjamin Ever- 
 hart, Chonard Rice, David AVinn, David John, Frances Gillaspy, 
 Frederick Fritz, George Ollabaugh, George Evens, George Hersh, 
 Hugh Strioklin, Henry Munshour, Hugh Welch, Henry Hawes, 
 Hugh Lewey, Isaac Quinn, Jacob Waggoner, John Shriver, Jacob 
 Waleigh, Isaac Van Nansden, John Brown, Joseph Weir, John 
 Glanoey, James McDogle,. Joshua Benson, John Benner, Isaac 
 High, John Toung, Jacob Shealer, John Hummel, John Thomas 
 (mason), John Kerrell, John Ludwick, Jesse Holms, John Charl,, 
 Jacob Owin, John Miller (farmer), James Loyd, Matthias Shifley, 
 Matthias Kcaley, Martin Shenkle, Nugion Phillips, Owen Clan- 
 cey, Philip Doverman, Philip Miller, Peter Rice, Randle Mellon, 
 Robert Parker, Thomas Cox, Thomas Turk. 
 Voters in Capt. Harris' company light infantry (Got. 14, 1794) : 
 
 Stephen Bowen, E. Whiteland. 
 
 AVm. Harris (Capt.), " 
 
 Edwil Lnmy, " 
 
 John Osborn, " 
 
 Sam' Moore, " 
 
 Jas. Eakins, " 
 
 Benj" Watson, " 
 
 Tom. Bowen, " 
 
 Jas. Mc Williams, " 
 
 Tom Kennedy, " 
 
 Daniel McCahan, E. Whiteland. 
 John Ramage, " 
 
 John MoWilliams, W.Wfcitelnnd. 
 John Butler, Goshen. 
 Tom. Ross, " 
 Jas. Bodley, Charlestown. 
 Benjn Thomas, " 
 
 Jesse Davis, " 
 
 Vaughan Williams, " 
 Rich'' Holmes, " 
 
Res. and Farm of WILLIAM MOORE Jfi. Calm. Che^teh Co. Pa. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 123 
 
 Hugh Eennon, Charlestown. 
 John Quay, " 
 
 Abn> Noblit, " 
 
 Joseph Mercer, Willistown. 
 Hugh Strioklund, Vincent. 
 David Ofren, Un^hlan. 
 William Hill, " 
 Timothy Hart, " 
 Joseph Reede, " 
 Walter Gamble, Hdneybrook. 
 Victor Divine, " 
 
 Nath" Greer, Brandyvine. 
 
 John Kerriok, E. Nantmeal. 
 
 Ja» MoClister, " 
 
 Alex. Story, W. Nantmeal. 
 
 Melcholm Miller, " 
 
 Jas. Story, Jr., " 
 
 Sam' Blackwood, " 
 
 Coll. John Harris, Willistown. 
 
 Ellihu Pugh, Coventry. 
 
 M. J. R. Humpton, W. Bradford. 
 
 Stephrn Bowen, Lieut. & Inspector. 
 Thos. J. Bowes, Clerk. 
 
 Voters in Oapt. Sterrett's company : 
 
 Capt. Sterrett, West Fallowfield. 
 Lieut. McClellan, West Cain. 
 Ens. Gopeland, West Fallowfield. 
 Ephraim Russell, West Cain. 
 Jn° Fagundus, East Fallowfield. 
 Wm. Smith, West Fallowfield. 
 Jacob Strieker, East Fallowfield. 
 George Ward, West Cain. 
 Ja' Rankin, West Fallowfield. 
 The' McClure, West Cain. 
 Ja» Ottley, " 
 
 Archy McNail, W. Marlborough. 
 Jn» Harsberger, W. Fallowfield. 
 Jno Scott, Sadsbury. 
 Ja» McClane, West Fallowfield. 
 Richard MoPherson, Sadsbury. 
 Jos. MoDowel, B. Marlborough. 
 Wm. Anderson, W. Fallowfield. 
 Jno Hawk, West Fallowfield. 
 Jn» Megarrah, Sadsbury. 
 Sam' Dean, West Fallowfield. 
 Wm. Kid, " 
 
 Attested by Alex' Sterkett, Capt. 
 
 Samuel McClellan, L/t. 
 Jesse Marsh, Clerh. 
 
 A list of the votes given in by Capt. Weston's company of militia 
 at the Big Spring, one half mile from Shippens Town. 
 
 Wm. Weston, Capt. 
 
 Wm. Plowman, Lieutenant. 
 
 Charles Howell, Clerk. 
 
 John Cooper, Thornbury. 
 Wm. Weston, " 
 
 John Shippen (Maj.), Wcsttown. 
 Joseph Frame, " 
 
 John Edwards, " 
 
 Warren Gillichan, " 
 
 Charles Howell, " 
 
 Wm. Plowman, New Garden. 
 
 Voters in Capt. Lewis' Company : 
 
 Voters. 
 
 John Noark, Kennet. 
 
 John Linsey, Newlin. 
 Robt. Phadis, " 
 Robt. McPherson, Newlin. 
 Jesse Mires, " 
 
 Edward Sergent, " 
 
 George Dilworth, Birmingham. 
 John Cosgrove, *' 
 
 Alex"^. Erwin, Roneybrook. 
 Sam'. Martin, " 
 
 Rob'. Darlington, " 
 Patrick MoAffec, " 
 Alex'. Nisbet, West Nantmeal 
 David Love, " " 
 
 The. McFarsoD, " " 
 
 Edw*. Hawk, " " 
 
 Tho». Johnston, " " 
 
 Jared Graham, " " 
 
 Isaac Lewis, Brandywine. 
 John Davis,. " 
 
 Jn°. Smith, " 
 
 W™. Moor, Brandywine. 
 Jos. Gree;i, " 
 
 W"n. Coffy, " 
 
 I Benj. Davis, " 
 Jn°. Hughes (maj'j, East Cain. 
 Jn». Cain, " " 
 
 Jn». Koiler, " " 
 
 Ja". MeDowl, " " 
 
 Jn». Slone, " " 
 
 Tho'. Thomas, Uwchland. 
 Roger MeVea, " 
 
 Conrad Keely, " 
 
 George Slepf Wilkie, Goshen. 
 Isaac Lewis) Capt. 
 Alex". Nisbet, Liefft, 
 Rob'. Darlington, Clerk. 
 Camp Shippensburqh, Ocf., 14'^ 1794. 
 
 The Votes of Capt. Andrews' company attested by 
 
 Arthur Andrews, Judge. 
 Ebenezer Kennedy, Inspector. 
 J. MoNTGOMERr, Clark. 
 
 (Roll missing) 44 votes. 
 
 WAK OP 1812-14. 
 
 On May 12, 181 2, Governor Simon Snyder issued a proc- 
 lamation or order, of which the following is the preface : 
 
 " The President of the United States having, in con- 
 formity to an act of Congress, required a draft of fourteen 
 
 thousand men, as the quota of Pennsylvania, towards the 
 detachment of one hundred thousand militia, the Governor 
 is desirous, with promptitude, to perform all the duties 
 which the Constitution and laws, principle and patriotism, 
 assign him. He feels his high responsibility. He knows 
 the ardent heart — warm zeal of the Pennsylvania militia, 
 and his sensibilities are alive to the honor of his country. 
 
 " The Revolution of America, that great and mighty 
 struggle, which issued in giving to the United States that 
 place among the powers of the earth to which the laws of 
 nature and of nature's God entitled them, had scarcely been 
 consummated when the king over whom we had been tri- 
 umphant began an invasion of our rights and property, 
 which has almost uninterruptedly been continued, and 
 yearly aggravated in kind and in degree. Remonstrance has 
 followed remonstrance, but they ' have been only answered 
 by repeated injury' and new outrage. Their promises, their 
 written engagements, their plighted faith have all been 
 wantonly violated. These wrongs have been so long endured 
 that our motives have been mistaken, and our national 
 character misrepresented. Our forbearance has been called 
 cowardice ; our love of peace a slavish fear to encounter the 
 dangers of war. We know that these representations have 
 no foundation in truth ; but it is time that our enemies, 
 that our friends, that the world should know we are not 
 degenerated sons of gallant sires." 
 
 A draft was ordered of 1-1,000 militia, to be formed into 
 two divisions, four brigades, and twenty-two regiments, but 
 volunteer companies were to be accepted in lieu of the 
 draft, if equal to the quota assigned to the regiment of en- 
 rolled militia of which they were a part. The whole were 
 to be in the proportions of artillery, 700 ; cavalry, 700 ; 
 riflemen, 1400; infantry, 11,200. They were not to be 
 considered as in actual service until directed to take the 
 field. 
 
 It was not till the summer of 1814 that any serious 
 alarm was felt for the safety of our State. Prior to this, 
 however, various offers of services had been made to the 
 Governor, the following being the first, perhaps, from Ches- 
 ter County : 
 
 LeUer from Capt. Rahton to Governor Snyder. 
 
 " Chester County, June 24, 181 2. 
 " To His Excellency Simon Snyder, Governor of Pennsylvania : 
 
 " At a crisis like the present, while wars and rumors of wars are 
 abroad in the earth, and the two great belligerents continue to add in- 
 sult to injury, it becomes the sons of Columbia to arouse from their 
 apathy and stand forth in the defense of their country's rights, — rights 
 which have been dearly bought by the blood and treasure of our fore- 
 fathers. Although we deprecate war, with all its train of concomitant 
 evils, yet we, as a troop or band of brothers, are ready to stand forth 
 in the defense of our country's just rights, and do frankly tender our 
 services as a volunteer corps, to be at your command for the legal- 
 ized time required by the militia law. 
 
 "With sentiments of due esteem, 
 
 " I rest, affectionately yours, Ac, 
 
 "James Ralston, 
 " Captain Cavalry.*' 
 
 NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT (EMERGENCY MEN). 
 
 This regiment was mustered in May 5, 1813, rendez- 
 voused at New London Cross-Roads by order of Brig.- 
 Gen. John W. Cunningham,, went to Elkton, Md., and was 
 discharged May 21, 1813. 
 
124 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 O^ceis.— Colonel, Andrew Thompson; Lieutenant-Colonel, George 
 \V. Thompson ; Major, Washington Parke; Paymaster, Robert 
 Futhey; Quartermaster, David Parke; Captains, Thomas Stew- 
 art, John Holmes, Robert Ralston, John Wright, J. Skyles, 
 James Alexander, William Steele, John Naglee. 
 
 In Capt. Stewart's company, among the men from Chester County 
 were Reazin Terry, Samuel Black, Robert Futhey, Archibald 
 Thomas, George W. Parke, Peter Rambo, John Wallace, James 
 Stewart, Israel Hamill, Levi McCormick, Silas Wilson, James 
 Ramsey, Enos Hughes. 
 
 The State rolls give no account of this company and 
 regiment, and the fragmentary account here given is taken 
 from the rolls and papers in possession of Robert E. Mon- 
 aghan, Esq., of West Chester. 
 
 After the destruction of the Capitol at Washington it 
 was very much foarcd that the British would attempt to 
 enter Philadelphia, and extensive preparations were made 
 to prevent such a disaster. The Governor of Pennsylvania 
 issued the following order or proclamation : 
 
 " Harrisburg, August 57, 1814. 
 
 " The recent destruction of the Capitol of the United States, the 
 threatened and probable conflagration of the metropolis of a sister 
 State, and the general threatening aspect of afi'airs warranting the 
 opinion that an attack is meditated by the enemy on the shores of the 
 Delaware, the Governor, to guard against surprise and to have ready 
 an efficient force of freemen to repel the enemy in case of such an 
 event, orders and directs the militia generally within the counties cf 
 Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Delaware, Chester, Lancaster, 
 Dauphin, Lebanon, Berks, Schuylkill, Lehigh, Northampton, and 
 Pike (in addition to those drafted and designated for the service of 
 the United States, under orders of the 22d of July, who are already 
 held subject to the orders of General Bloomfield), to be held in readi- 
 ness to march at a moment's warning to such place as may be named 
 in subsequent orders that will issue if the exigencies shall require. The 
 several Brigade inspectors within their respective brigade bounds are 
 commanded to execute promptly this order. The Generals and other 
 officers are urged to assist in providing of equipments for the men. 
 Those for whom arms cannot be found within the respective brigade 
 bounds will, it is presumed, be furnished by the United States at the 
 place of rendezvous. It is confidently hoped the ardor and love of 
 country, which pervades the hearts of Pennsylvanians at the present 
 alarming crisis, will induce many to form themselves into Volunteer 
 Corps, and immediately march for Philadelphia. It is thus a proper 
 spirit to resist an intolerant foe will be evinced and many difficulties 
 obviated. The Governor promises himself the satisfaction of meeting 
 there an host, nerved with resolution to live freemen or die in defense 
 of their liberties and their country. . He will act with them in any 
 capacity for which his talent shall fit him. 
 
 "Simon Snyder, 
 " Gtnernor of the Commomaealih of Pennsylvania. 
 
 "N. B. BOILEAU, 
 
 ■ " Aid-de-Camp." 
 
 Five thousand of the militia, by order of August 26tli, 
 were to rendezvous at York by the 6th of September. An 
 encampment was formed at or near Kennet Square, called 
 "Camp Bloomfield," prior to September 3d, and Col. 
 Berry sent to that command ; but, being unpopular, the vol- 
 unteers declined to serve under him. September 8th, the 
 Governor had in contemplation the ordering of the militia 
 from York to Philadelphia, but it appears that by the 21st 
 they had mostly gone into camp near Baltimore. Septem- 
 ber 10th, Governor Snyder reported about six hundred 
 volunteers at Philadelphia, and that Gen. Bloomfield had 
 suggested the formation of a camp at Marcus Hook. Sept. 
 12th, Gen. Thomas Cadwalader was assigned to the com- 
 mand of the militia encamped at Kennet Square, which 
 were to be formed into one brigade, and the next day Gen. 
 
 Bloomfield issued an order directing all the volunteers, and 
 drafted men from Chester and neighboring counties to as- 
 semble at Marcus Hook, completely equipped for the field. 
 September 17th, Governor. Snyder ordered an election of 
 officers, and the org.-inization into regiments of the volunteer 
 forces in and near Philadelphia on the 20th. Isaac Wayne, 
 of Chester County, was elected colonel of the Second Regi- 
 ment Volunteer Light Infantry, but, with the character- 
 istic honor of his family and of his father. Gen. Anthony 
 Wayne, in a letter of the 21st to the Governor, he declined 
 to serve, " owing to previous and sacred engagements with 
 volunteer cavalry," with whom he was honorably associated 
 in that war. Early in October several thousand militia 
 marched to '' Camp Marcus Hook," which was under the 
 command of Maj.^Gen. Isaac W^orrell, commanding the 
 First Division of the Pennsylvania militia. This camp 
 was in the Fourth Military District of the United States, 
 under the command of Gen. Edward P. Gaines, of the 
 United States army. 
 
 By act of March 29, 1813, the soldiers absent from their 
 homes were allowed to vote at the times of general elec- 
 tions, and the returns were forwarded to the respective 
 county-seats of the voters. From these returns some in- 
 formation has been obtained, but it is likely that some of 
 the men were under age or did not care to vote, and others 
 in the same companies were not citizens of our county. 
 
 From the recently published State " Archives" we obtain 
 the muster-rolls of several companies which were princi- 
 pally from Chester County, and which are here given. 
 About the 1st of December, 1814, the fear of an invasion 
 having passed away, the camps were broken up and the men 
 returned to their homes. The Advance Light Brigade, 
 which had been first at Camp Bloomfield, and afterwards at 
 Camp Dupont, entered Philadelphia Dec. 2, 1814, and were 
 there mustered out of service. 
 
 The following general officers were from Chester County : 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Cromwell Pearce, of Third Division. 
 
 Maj.-Gen. James Steel, Third Division. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. William Harris, Second Brigade, Third Division. 
 
 Brig. -Gen. John W. Cunningham, First Brigade, Third Division. 
 
 Brigade Inspector James Steel, promoted to brigadier-general. 
 
 Brigade Inspector James Park, First Brigade, Third Division. 
 
 James Ralston, captain of cavalry company encamped at Meadville. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Louis Bache, of Bucks County, was pro- 
 moted to colonel of the Second Regiment Volunteer In- 
 fantry, of which W^illiam Darlington, was major, Isaac Dar- 
 lington adjutant, and John Duer sergeant-major. 
 
 In the following rolls those whose residence is given; 
 and those marked by an asterisk (*), voted at the election 
 Oct. 11, 1814. Those not so indicated were either non- 
 voters or not citizens of the county. 
 
 ROLL OF CAPT. TITUS TAYLOR'S COMPANY, "AMER- 
 ICAN GREYS." 
 Muster-roll of Capt. Taylor's Company, in the Second Regiment of 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers Light Infantry, under the command of 
 Col. Louis Bache, in the service of the State of Pennsylvania for 
 ■■ tour of duty commencing the 5th day of September, and end- 
 ing the 5th day of December, 1814, attached to the brigade of 
 militia under the command of Brig.-Gen. Saimilel Smith, at Camp 
 Marcus Hook : 
 
 Sergeants, AVilliam H. Taylor, Thornbury ; Ziba Darlington, Bir- 
 mingham; John Painter; John Hall, West Chester. Oarporal; John 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 125 
 
 Logan, West Chester; Russell Vibber ; Eber Worthington; Henry 
 Myers. Fifer, Jacob Burkess. Dnimmer, George Davis (colored). 
 
 Privates^ 
 
 Keehmle, Jacob. 
 
 Lindsay, John, West Chester. 
 
 Marshall, Stephen, West Chester. 
 
 Matlaek, Jonathan, Qoshen. 
 
 Matlaok, Nathan, West Chester. 
 
 Morrow, Hiram. 
 
 Myers, Henry. 
 
 Kelson, Joseph. 
 
 Nichols, Isaac. 
 
 Pierce, Myers. 
 
 Parry, Caleb. 
 
 Pearson, Harper, West Chester. 
 
 Pearson, George, East Cain. 
 
 Rice, Thomas, East Whiteland. 
 
 Sweeney, Thomas, West Chester. 
 
 Shields, William, Westtown. 
 
 Townsend, Wm., East Bradford. 
 
 Townsend, Granville S. 
 
 Taylor, Vernon. 
 
 Yearsley, Nathan, Thornbury. 
 
 Bailey, Hiram, Westtown, 
 
 Brinton, Joseph H. 
 
 Brinton, Ethan, Birmingham. 
 
 Brinton, William, Birmingham. 
 
 Brinton, James. 
 
 Brinton, John, West Chester. 
 
 Brinton, Thomas H. 
 Brinton, Joseph. 
 
 Black, Robert, West Chester. 
 
 Cox, William. 
 
 Darlington, Amos, Goshen. 
 
 Dailey, William. 
 
 DeWolf, Thomas. 
 
 Ehrenzeller, Jacob. 
 
 Evenson, Eli. 
 
 Frederick, William. 
 
 Gamble, Robert. 
 
 Greer, James, Goshen. 
 
 Gardiner, Archibald, East Cain. 
 
 Hall, Lewis, East Bradford. 
 
 Iddings, Joseph. 
 
 Evans, Thomas B., West Chester, appointed surgeon's mate. 
 
 " Camp Marcus Hook, Nov. 29, 181i. 
 " I do hereby certify, upon honor, that the above is a just and true 
 muster-roll of Capt. Taylor's company. 
 
 "Twus Taylor, 
 
 " Captain. 
 " Louis Bache, ♦ 
 " Colonel Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Light Infantry." 
 
 Isaac Darlington, William Darlington, and John Duer, 
 all of West Chester, voted with this company. 
 
 ROLL OF CAPT. JOHN G. WERSLER'S COMPANY. ' 
 
 Muster-roll of. Capt. Wersler's company, in the Second Regiment 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Light Infantry, in the service of the 
 State of Pennsylvania for three months from the 27th day of 
 August last, attached to the First Brigade, Second Division, Penn- 
 sylvania militia, at Camp Marcus Hook, commanded by Brig.-Gen. 
 Samuel Smith : 
 
 Nov. 29, 1814. 
 Captain, John G. Wersler ;* Lieutenant, James Watson ;» Sergeants, 
 
 Richard Kelley,* John Griffith,* Robert McWilliams,* William 
 
 Kelley ;* Corporal, Henry Laur (or Lower) ;« Fifer, George Dunlap ;» 
 
 Drummer, Samuel Williams.* 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Bispham, Benjamin.* 
 Peck, Charles.* 
 Ford, Cale\t» 
 Fritz, Christian.* 
 McCoy, Dennis.* 
 Burns, Eleazer.* 
 Griffith, Elijah.* 
 Richardson, Ezekiel.* 
 Pearce, Edward K. 
 King, George.* 
 Reese, John.*. 
 Rinker, Jacob.* 
 Watson, Joseph.* 
 Vanleer, Isaac* 
 Rickman, John.* 
 Ryder, John.* 
 Kelley, James. 
 Heck, Jacob.* 
 Whisler, John.* 
 Watson, John.* 
 Ivester, Je'sse. 
 Hippie, John.* 
 
 MoGraw, Lewis,* 
 Williams, Martin.* 
 Davis, Nicholas S.* 
 Clarkflon, Samuel.* 
 Bane, Samuel.* 
 Smiley, Stephen. 
 Hall, Jarvis. 
 Caldwell, Thomas. 
 Richardson, William. 
 Bowen, William. 
 Stout, Charles.* 
 Parker, Henry.* 
 Potter, Joseph.* 
 Quorll, John. 
 Davis, Jonathan. 
 McMinn, Alben.* 
 Dhile, Joseph. 
 Watson, Elijah. 
 Brewer, John. 
 Markley, Nathaniel. 
 Rowland, John. 
 
 BOLL OP CAPT. JACOB CAMPBELL'S COMPANY, DRAFTED 
 
 MILITIA. 
 Pay-roll for the Third Company, Sixty-flfth Regiment, commanded 
 by Capt. Jacob Campbell : 
 
 Sergeants, John Buzzard,* Samuel Davis, Shannon Davis,* John 
 Staler,* John Hager;* Corporals, Jacob Kurtz,* James Williams,* 
 Jacob Hawk, John Christbpher.* 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Smith, John E.» 
 
 Weaver, Christian.* 
 Shriver, John.* 
 Griffeth, John.* 
 Young, John.* 
 Miller, John.* 
 Vanderslice, Edward B. 
 Adams, Davis.* 
 Ewing, John.* 
 Turner, Samuel.* 
 Himes, Charles. 
 Morgan, Lewis. 
 O'Neill, Francis.* 
 Wertz, John.» 
 Hampton, David.* 
 Hartman, Peter.* 
 McCowan, Samuel. 
 King, George.* 
 Davis, John (Glandy).* 
 McEntire, Daniel. 
 
 Philips, Abraham.* 
 
 Hampton, Thomas.* 
 
 Hardy, John. 
 
 Kelly, John.*- 
 
 Knowles, Samuel. 
 
 Jones, Isaiah (or Josiah). 
 
 Clair, John.* 
 
 Harncr, Adam.* 
 
 Golder, John.* 
 
 Sowersworth, Isaac* 
 
 Jones, John. 
 
 Wiles, John.* 
 
 Neily, John.* 
 
 Williams, Charles. 
 
 Williams, Daniel.* 
 
 Hawk, Benjamin. 
 
 Keiter, George.* 
 
 Parker, Ralph.* 
 
 James, Matthias.* 
 
 Youngblood, John.* 
 
 Isaac, Anderson. 
 
 Hawk, John. 
 
 Fox, Joseph.* 
 
 Baits, Jonathan. 
 
 Bossiter, Thomas. 
 
 Buekwalter, Jacob.* 
 
 Pcnnypacker, Samuel 
 
 Huston, James.* 
 McCarraher, Alexander.* 
 Grub, Emanuel.* 
 Davis, John.* 
 Stall, Daniel.* 
 Courtney, James. 
 Steward, William.* 
 Bankus, Adam.* 
 Reynolds, Henry. 
 Crosier, Morris.* 
 Heck, Peter.* 
 Shingle, Jacob.* 
 Price (or Rice), George,* 
 
 Rembey, Jacob.* 
 Remley, Henry. 
 
 March, Jesse.* 
 
 Rembey, Valentine. 
 
 Harvey, Job.* 
 
 Lupoid, Jtfseph.* 
 
 Lawre, Joseph.* 
 
 Murphey, Edward. 
 
 Grub, John.® 
 
 Hoffacker, Philip.* 
 
 ClemmoDS, Joseph.* 
 
 Remby, Christian.* 
 
 Thomas, David. 
 
 Jones, John. 
 
 Murry, Daniel.* 
 
 Price, Patrick. 
 
 Carr, William. 
 
 Salyards, Armstrong.* 
 
 Walter, James. 
 
 Goodin, William. 
 
 Ohaffin, Philip.* 
 
 Oliver, John.* 
 
 Hemiger, Joseph.* 
 
 Jenkins, Enoch.* 
 
 Evans, Daniel. 
 
 Akins, James.* 
 
 Clair, Philip.* 
 
 Jaquett, Nathaniel.* 
 
 Davis, Isaac M. 
 Huzzard, Anthony. 
 Snyder, George. 
 Walker, George.* 
 
 Samuel Anderson, lieutenant, Amor Davis, Daniel Hardy, 
 John Tucker, and Capt. Campbell voted with the company. 
 
 ROLL OF CAPT. BENJAMIN WETHERBY'S COMPANY. 
 
 A pay-roll for the non-commissioned officers and privates Fourth 
 Company of drafted militia, commanded by Capt. Wethferby, Sixty- 
 fifth Regiment Pennsylvania militia, who entered into the service 
 of the United Slates on the 20th day of September, a.d. 1814, now 
 encamped at Marcus Hook : 
 Sergeants, James MoGuigan,* John Taylor,* George Peters, Thomas 
 
 Ash, Patrick McGuigan;* Corporals, Samuel Roberts,* Barney Mc- 
 
 Guigan,* Benjamin Yarnall. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Bittle, Samuel.* 
 Rauzel, William.* 
 Steel, Robert.* 
 Rattew, Eli.* 
 Cornog, David.* 
 Brown, Thomas.* 
 
 Mitchell, James.* 
 Valentine, Robert.* 
 Hodge, James.* 
 Davis, William.* 
 Grafr, William.* 
 Hine, George. 
 
126 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Huff, James.^ 
 KuBsell, George. 
 Smith, Peter.* 
 QriSth, Jehu. 
 Close, or Chase, Frederick. 
 Burit, or Burnet, John. 
 Henthorn, or Hanthorn, John. 
 Barlow, Curtis. 
 Murph;, Joseph. 
 Gorhy, John. 
 Wright, Csrnelius. 
 Young, Jacob. 
 Bail, or Beale, Aaron. 
 Ottenhamer, or Odenheimer, Wil- 
 liam. 
 Dick, Valentine. 
 Burns, Giliad. 
 Weare, William. 
 Jay, David. 
 
 McLaughlin, William, Sr. 
 Price, John R. 
 Smedly, Abel. ^ 
 Stewart, Jacob.* 
 Daugherty, Archibald. 
 Travis, John S.» 
 Varley, John.* 
 Smith, Williain. 
 Warnick, Kichard. 
 Marshall, Thomas. 
 Rizer, Jacob. 
 Wheeling, John. 
 Smith, Aaron. 
 McCrackin, William. 
 Mase, or Mace, William. 
 Taylor, James. 
 Davis, John. 
 Bernard, Levan. 
 Hoops, John. 
 Turner, William. 
 Black, Andrew. 
 Fields, Felix. 
 Kelly, John. 
 Weare, James. 
 Collins, Henry. 
 Burnet, Samuel. 
 Russel, Samuel. 
 Esworthy, Joseph. 
 
 "Camp Snyder, Oct. 17, 1812. 
 "We certify, on honor, that this muster-roll exhibits a true state 
 of the Fourth Company of drafted militia, from the Forty-fourth 
 and One Hundredth Kegiments of the Pennsylvania militia, attached 
 to the Sixty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania militia, now in the service 
 of the United States, and the remarks set opposite the names of the 
 men are accurate and just. 
 
 "Benjamin Wethekbv, 
 
 " Captain." 
 
 Samuel Priest, John G. Bull, John GrifiSth, and Valen- 
 tine Hoskins also voted with this company. 
 
 , BOLL OF CAPT. JAMBS LACKEY'S COMPANY. 
 
 Oct. 5, 1814. 
 Pay-roll for the Fifth Company, Sixty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania 
 militia, under the command of Capt. James Lackey : 
 
 Green, Jesse. 
 
 Smith, Charles. 
 
 Hopkins, Matthew. 
 
 McCoy, James. 
 
 Mercer, Thomas. 
 
 Weare, James, Jr. 
 
 Grifiith, Joseph. 
 
 Allison, Benjamin. 
 
 Parks, Alexander. 
 
 Bean, Henry. 
 
 Tompkins, Isaac. 
 
 Weaver, Baldwin. 
 
 McKinster, or McKinstry, Jesse. 
 
 Clayton, Richard. 
 
 Jones, Thomas. 
 
 Hampton, Woodward. 
 
 Lawrence, Aaron. 
 
 Sill, Anthony N. 
 
 Marrow, Nicholas. 
 
 Dutton, Jeremiah. 
 
 Hunter, Andrew. 
 
 Likens, Daniel. 
 
 Smith, John. 
 
 Miles, Reuben. 
 
 McBride, George. 
 
 McGIaughlin, William. 
 
 Hook, John. 
 
 Stimel, Frederick. 
 
 Torton, David. 
 
 Gibason, or Gibson, Jonathan. 
 
 Torbert, Alexander. 
 
 Craig, John H. 
 
 King, John. 
 
 Harper, Peter. 
 
 Barlow, John. 
 
 Scott, Joel. 
 
 Baker, Richard. 
 
 Jester, Vincent. 
 
 Baker, Nebemiah. 
 
 Green, Abel. 
 
 McGarraty, Charles. 
 
 Bromell, Daniel. 
 
 Harbinson, or Harbison, Francis. 
 
 Aloot, John. 
 
 Pyle, John. 
 
 Hannum, John S. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Taylor, Reuben. 
 White, William. 
 Robeson, Fdward W. 
 Roberts, George. 
 Bowers, William. 
 Dempsey, William. 
 Goodwin, Jacob. 
 Lawrence, Joseph H. 
 Pennell, Samuel. 
 
 Degraut, James. 
 Wells, George. 
 Patterson, John. 
 McKinzy, Kenith. 
 Channel, Powell. 
 Pierce, Timothy. 
 Smith, John. 
 Griffith, Charles. 
 Hodge, William. 
 
 Hersh, George. 
 Burk, John. 
 Hunter, Joseph. 
 Thompson, Benjamin. 
 Jackson, Hezekiah. 
 Clare, Benjamin. 
 McCray, William. 
 Wilson, Lawrence. 
 Griffith, Evan. 
 Peck, Abram. 
 Salyards, Edward. 
 Walker, John. 
 Gilmore, John. 
 Garman, Henry. 
 Ford, Richard. 
 Kelly, Thomas. 
 Forwood, Jacob. 
 Bucknell, William. 
 Bryan, Martin. 
 Hoskins, William. 
 Love, Hugh. 
 Chaffin, Thomas. 
 Conway, Joseph. 
 Williamson, David. 
 Nickles, John. 
 Hunter, Thompson. 
 Trimble, Thomas. 
 Sharp, William. 
 Sinquet, Samuel. 
 Sinqnet, Daniel. 
 Cummins, James. 
 Young, Peter, 
 ftiwell, Jacob. 
 Farrow, John. 
 Carter, Aaron. 
 McDonald, John. 
 Griffith, Sa.muel. 
 Murry, Jeremiah. 
 Waldravin, Levi. 
 Gallino, John. 
 Sbarpless, Jesse. 
 Morgan, Davis. 
 Himos, Francis. 
 Sill, Oswald. 
 Rider, David. 
 Funterwise, John. 
 
 Bane, John. 
 Bgee, David. 
 Hutcheson, Thomas. 
 Eaches, Isaac. 
 Youm, William. 
 Pearson, Henry. 
 Heck, John. 
 Frame, John. 
 Peterson, Peter. 
 Shimer, Bartholomew. 
 Rogers, Joseph. 
 Lewellyn, Thomas. 
 Sullivan, Samuel. 
 Cross, John. 
 Davis, George L. 
 Haycock, John. 
 Archer, John. 
 Farrow, Joseph. 
 Stanley, Jacob. 
 Torton, Benjamin. 
 Everson, Thomas. 
 Cochran, Thomas. 
 Epright, Samuel. 
 Crozier, Jonathan. 
 Carr, Henry. 
 Thompson, William. 
 Brothers, James. 
 Potter, Atlee. 
 Sill, William. 
 White, Isaac. 
 Cozens, Samuel. 
 Scott, Mathew. 
 Kitts, John. 
 Davis, Emmor, 
 McKeown, Thomas. 
 Martin, William. 
 Rowland, Charles. 
 Essex, Jacob. 
 Farrow, George. 
 King, John. 
 Hannnms, George. 
 Wizer, John. 
 Day, James. 
 Work, Benjamin. 
 Waidner, Lazarus. 
 May, Edward. 
 
 Some of the above appear in the list of voters in Capt. 
 Harris' company, hereafter given, and are not so designated 
 here. 
 
 Through the kindness of Mr. Samuel Moses, of Phoenix- 
 ville, father of our late county treasurer, we have been fur- 
 nished with the muster-roll of Capt. George Hartman's 
 company, it being the Second Company, Sixty-fifth Regi- 
 ment of drafted militia, at Marcus Hook and otfier places, 
 commanded by Lieut.-Col. John Pearson, which we sub- 
 stitute for the roll given in the " Archives." 
 
 This company was recruited in August and September, 
 1814, at Kimberton and Chester Springs, this county, to 
 serve a period of six months, if not sooner discharged. 
 The major part of the command marched from Kimberton 
 on September 22d, and, being recruited to the required 
 number, an election was previously held, when the follow- 
 ing-named commissioned officers were elected, and the 
 necessary non-commissioned ones were appointed. We 
 give the muster-roll entire, as follows : 
 
 THE MUSTER-ROLL. 
 Capt. George Hartman, Jr.,* E. Pikeland ; 1st Lieut. Jacob Moyer,* 
 E. Pikeland; 2d Lieut. Jobn Emery,* W. Pikeland; 3d Lieut. John 
 Deery, W. Vincent; Ensign Julius Anderson,* W. Pikeland; let 
 

 ^ 
 
 !». 
 
 /?£j. OF EDWIN MORRIS, East Nan r meal. Chester Co. Pa. 
 
 fiES OF GEN. B F.FISHER , Schuylkill Chester Co Pa. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 127 
 
 Sergt. Peter Rentgen,* E. Pikeland; 2d Sergt. Thomas Harris,* W. 
 Pikeland; 3d Sergt. Sampson Davis, W. Vincent; 4th Sergt. Thomas 
 Neel ;» 5th Sergt. John Miller,* E. Vincent ; 1st Corp. James Huston | 
 2d Corp. John Hippie, W. Vincent ; 3d Corp. Lewis Ornor,* W. Pilte- 
 land ; 4th Corp. Jacob Roads.* 
 
 H. Eaugbdekirk, E. Pikeland. 
 
 George Bignal. 
 
 John Bush.* 
 
 Philip Belts.* 
 
 William Beaver. 
 
 John Beekley,* E. Nantmeal. 
 
 Daniel Clower,* E. Coventry. 
 
 Geo. C. Campbell,* B. Pikeland. 
 
 William Custer, B. Vincent. 
 
 John Creps,* W. Vincent. 
 
 Thomas Creps.* 
 
 Henry Chriatman.* 
 
 Jacob Davidheiser.* 
 
 Michael Deemer,* E. Vincent. 
 
 George Deery,* W. Vincent. 
 
 Frederick Deeds.* 
 
 John Defrain.* 
 
 Owen Evans. 
 
 George Essick,* E. Vincent. 
 
 William Emery, B. Pikeland. 
 
 Samuel Everhart. 
 
 C. Fitzsimmons,* E. Nantmeal. 
 
 Ebenezer Griffith,* W. Vincent. 
 
 David Gun,* N. Coventry. 
 
 Samuel Griffith.* 
 
 John Gregory. 
 
 William Guest,* B. Nantmeal. 
 
 Thomas Howell.* 
 
 Jacob Heck.* 
 
 George Hoffman,* E. Pikeland.f 
 
 Peter Hippie, B. Vincent. 
 
 Caspar Hippie,* B. Vincent. 
 
 Jacob Hammer,* E. Vincent. 
 
 Jacob Helbert.* 
 
 Samuel Hersh,* E. Pikeland. 
 
 John Harple,* W. Vincent. 
 
 George Hippie.* 
 
 Henry Hippie,* E. Vincent. 
 
 Henry Honck, E. Nantmeal.J 
 
 James Himes,* W. Vincent. 
 
 Peter Irey.* 
 
 Israel Kepler. 
 
 George Keeley,* E. Vincent. 
 
 Nicholas Keiser,* E. Coventry. 
 
 Henry Kiter.* 
 
 Thomas Leighton, E. Nantmeal. 
 
 Jacob Lineingar.* 
 
 Jacob Lear,* B. Coventry. 
 
 Daniel Link.* 
 
 William Lacey. 
 
 Samuel Leighton,* E. Nantmeal. 
 
 Samuel Lloyd, B. Nantmeal. 
 
 Samuel Liggett.* 
 
 John Moses,* W. Pikeland. 
 
 Nicholas March,* W. Pikeland. 
 
 George Miller,* W. Pikeland. 
 
 Henry Moses,* W. Pikeland. 
 
 Samuel Martin.* 
 
 John Meeser,* E. Pikeland. 
 
 Isaac Miller,* W. Vincent. 
 
 David Monrow.* 
 
 Jacob Mock,* W. Vincent. 
 
 Henry March.* 
 
 James Matson.* 
 
 Ezekiel Powell,* W. Pikeland. 
 
 George Prizer,* E. Vincent. 
 
 Lewis Roberts,* W. Pikeland. 
 
 Jacob Root.* 
 
 Josepiv Root.* 
 
 Benjamin Roberts.* 
 
 David Root. 
 
 William Roads,* W. Pikeland. 
 
 Henry Smith (1),* W. Pikeland. 
 
 Henry Smith (2),* W. Pikeland. 
 
 Samuel Strongh,* E. Pikeland. 
 
 Peter Snyder ( 1 ),» W. Pikeland. 
 
 Peter Snyder (2),»E. Pikeland. 
 
 John Scott. 
 
 Val. Sheeleigh,* E. Pikeland. 
 
 Thomas Snyder,* E. Pikeland. 
 
 Henry Snyder, B. Pikeland. 
 
 Abram. Slichter,* E. Vincent. 
 
 Frederick Sheeder,* W. Vincent. 
 
 William Starrett.* 
 
 Jacob Stauffer,* W. Vincent. 
 
 George Snyder,* E. Nantmeal. 
 
 Caleb Townsend.* 
 
 Jesse Thomas.* 
 
 Henry Turner.* 
 
 Gabriel Watson.* 
 
 John Wynn.* 
 
 Jonathan Wynn.* 
 
 William Williams. 
 
 John Walter.* 
 
 Leonard Walter,* E. Pikeland. 
 
 David Walkinghood.* 
 
 Jesse Watkin, W. Vincent. 
 
 Samuel Widener. 
 
 John Wiant,* E. Vincent. 
 
 Peter Teager,* B. Vincent. 
 
 Although the time of service had for its limit six months, 
 we find the company was mustered out at Philadelphia on 
 Deo. 19, 1814, thus making the term three months, though 
 a few have a shorter time opposite their names, among 
 which are four deserters, — only four, however. 
 
 On the back of the roll we find the following note in- 
 scribed : 
 
 " David Kimsey was a substitute for Dr. Davis. Davis Thomas 
 was only out about two weeks, and the above-named Davis served 
 the remainder of the time. Dr. Davis received the pay from Major 
 Bull, and also a certificate of discharge, which he has sent to the pen- 
 sion-office, with his declaration for 160 acres in the regular service. 
 Dr. Davis was a surgeon's mate in tbe 16th Regiment W. S. Infantry, 
 commanded by Col. Cromwell Pierce." 
 
 t Died Jan- 19, 184S. 
 
 t Died April 14,1848. 
 
 At the time of the marching of this company to Marcus 
 Hook, its commander, Capt. Hartman, was only twenty 
 years of age. He was recognized as being highly proficient 
 in the tactics of that period, and as a drill-master and dis- 
 ciplinarian had no equal in Chester County. While at 
 Marcus Hook this company was admitted to be the best 
 equipped, drilled, and ofiScered of any there, and on all 
 occasions in which military pomp and display were desired 
 Capt. Hartman's company was always selected to the post 
 of honor. During many years prior to the captain's death, 
 he labored diligently and effectually in procuring pensions 
 for the widows and children of his deceased comrades, and 
 in many other respects he was repeatedly referred to in 
 matters relating to his old command and its three months' 
 service on the Delaware. 
 
 The following are also in the list of voters in this com- 
 pany, Oct. 11, 1814: 
 
 Edward Wells. 
 David Williams. 
 John Shearrer. 
 Casper Snider. 
 
 Mordecai Davis, 
 Nathaniel Brook, major. 
 Jacob Keiter. 
 George Bankus, carter. 
 
 ROLL OP CAPT. BEERBOAYBR'S COMPANY. 
 
 At Camp Marcus Hook, Oct. 11, 1814: 
 Capt. John Beerbowcr. 
 Lieut. Peter Smith. 
 
 Voters. 
 
 Mordecai Thomas. 
 
 James Everhart. 
 
 Samuel Miller, stonemason. 
 
 Daniel Young. 
 
 Jacob Root. 
 
 Jacob Miller. 
 
 John Possy. 
 
 Adam Poly. 
 
 John Saylor. 
 
 Isaac Zeaber. 
 
 Samuel Lynch. 
 
 John McKerscher. 
 
 Conrad Baker. 
 
 James Angrehen. 
 
 Samuel Walker. 
 
 John Walker. 
 
 John Shofner. 
 
 Matthew Dunbar. 
 
 Jacob Kulp. 
 
 John Shingle. 
 
 Jacob Smith. 
 
 Alexander Clemmens. 
 
 Samuel Miller, wheelwright. 
 
 Jesse Himes. 
 
 Henry Shut. 
 
 Abraham Miller. 
 
 Henry Stophelbine. 
 Jacob Donahower. 
 Henry Longaker. 
 David Royer. 
 Philip Miller. 
 Thomas Scott. 
 Michael Hause. 
 Abel Williams. 
 Martin Shealer. 
 Jesse Boyer. 
 Jacob Defrain. 
 Peter King. 
 Peter Defrain. 
 James Lundy. 
 Abija Rossitcr. 
 Joseph Evans. 
 Jacob Hooven. 
 Nathan Brook. 
 John White. 
 Malen Rossiter. 
 Jacob Stoneback. 
 Jacob King. 
 Miles Baity. 
 George Loid. 
 Michael King. 
 
 ROLL OF CAPT. JOHN HARRIS' COMPANY, 
 in the Sixty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania militia, at Marcus Hook, 
 
 Oct. 11, 1814: 
 Capt. John Harris, judge of election. 
 David Rees, lieutenant, inspector. 
 
 Anthony Huszard. 
 William Schofield. 
 Jonathan Crozler. 
 William Faux. 
 Joseph Rodgers. 
 . John Funterwise. 
 Jacob Essick. 
 Edward Robeson. 
 Alexander Torbet. 
 Lazerus Weidner. 
 
 Voters. 
 
 Samuel Sinket. 
 Oswald Sill. 
 George Roberts. 
 William Hodge. 
 Thomson Lunsford. 
 Benjamin Work. 
 John Heck. 
 Isaac Tomkins. 
 George Hersh. 
 William Hoskins. 
 
128 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 William Bemsey. 
 
 Aaron Carter. 
 
 Bssick, Bolser.* 
 
 Milligan, John. 
 
 Abram Peck. 
 
 Martin Bryant. 
 
 Fleck, Samuel.* 
 
 Maneley, Hugh, 
 
 Bartholomew Shimer. 
 
 * Edward Salyard. 
 
 Graham, James, Jr.* 
 
 Owen, Morris.* 
 
 John L. Davis. 
 
 Marshal Hampton. 
 
 Guy, John.* 
 
 Paokingham, Samuel.* 
 
 John Patterson. 
 
 John Thomas. 
 
 Guy, George.* 
 
 Philips, Josiah.* 
 
 TJiomas Trimble. 
 
 Francis Himes. 
 
 Griffith, Amos.* 
 
 Pierce, Richard, Willistown. 
 
 Charles Koland. 
 
 Evan Griffith. 
 
 Grubb, Abram, 
 
 Parker, William. 
 
 Atlee Potter. 
 
 Kenneth MoKenzie. 
 
 Gribben, James. 
 
 Powell, Daniel. 
 
 John Niol\plas. 
 
 John Harris, Jr. 
 
 Griffey, David. 
 
 Biely, William.* 
 
 James Brothers. 
 
 David Rees. 
 
 Hauae, Daniel.* 
 
 Eeid, Joseph.* 
 
 William Martin. 
 
 Peter Young, Jr. 
 
 Hendrickson, Jacob.* 
 
 Richards, Samuel.* 
 
 KOLL OF CAPT. CHRISTOPHER WIGTON'S COMPANY. 
 
 Harley, Benjamin. 
 Irwin, Jonathan.* 
 
 Sims, Joseph.* 
 Stepleton, Samuel.® 
 
 Camp Dupont, Not. 13, 1814. 
 
 Irvin, John (or Erwin). 
 
 Stanford, James B.® 
 
 A trne list of Capt. C. Wigton's company, of the Eighteenth Section 
 
 Johnson, Barnard. 
 
 Smith, Henry.* 
 
 of Ei&einen, commanded by Col. Thomas Humphrey. At Camp 
 
 Keeley, Matthias.* 
 
 Sims, William. 
 
 Snyder, Oct. 11, 1814> on Bush Hill, near Philadelphia : 
 
 Krider, Daniel. 
 
 Sherer, William. 
 
 Sergeants, David Trueman,® William Clingan, Thomas Hollis,* 
 
 Lockhart, William.* 
 lifiwis Jamas ^ 
 
 Snyder, John. 
 Talbot Caleb 
 
 David Stott; Corporale, John Piersol,* John Rankin,* Ezekiel 
 Mann,* Joshua Humphrey ;* Bugler, Robert Hope. . 
 
 Lamey, Edward. 
 McDermont, Peter.* 
 
 Uble, Frederick. 
 Widener, Jacob.* 
 
 Privates. 
 
 McKinley, Samuel,* 
 
 Waddle, Henry.* 
 
 Wilson, John. 
 
 McKim, David. 
 
 MoKinley, Thomas.* 
 
 Wilson, William.* 
 
 Parke, William.* 
 
 Jones, Richard.* 
 
 McGinn, Peter. 
 
 Williams, William.* 
 
 Davis, Thomas. 
 
 Bryan, John.* 
 
 Miller, Joseph.* 
 
 White,. John.* 
 
 Fleming, Joseph. 
 
 Smith, Joseph.* 
 
 Mowry, Joseph (or Maurer).* 
 
 Worts, Peter. 
 
 Haslet, James, 
 
 Glasgow, Samuel.* 
 
 Milligan, James.* 
 
 Wever, or Weber, John. 
 
 Cochran, Robert.* 
 
 Eifort, Charles. 
 
 Miller, John.* 
 
 Widner, Peter. 
 
 Mann, Samuel.* 
 
 Parke, John.* 
 
 Miller, William. 
 
 Whitaker, Peter. 
 
 Grier, John E.» 
 
 Richmond, Joseph.* 
 
 Miller, Daniel. 
 
 
 Witherow, William.* 
 Welch, William.* 
 Mann, Eli.* 
 Whitelock, James.* 
 Wallace, Arthur.* 
 Cunningham, RobeH, 
 
 Scott, Thomas.* 
 Hoover, John.* 
 Date, George.* 
 Hanley, James.* 
 Gibson, Samuel C. 
 McWilliams, Robert. 
 
 " I certify the foregoing to be a correct roll of my company. 
 
 "ROBEET WiLSOIf, 
 
 " Captain. 
 "Test: "William McFablaitd, 
 
 "Major." 
 
 Stott, Jesse.* 
 
 Little, Patrick.* 
 
 ROLL OF CAPT. WILLIAM STUART'S COMPANY. 
 
 Tochran, David.* 
 
 Lesly, John.* 
 
 Pay-roll of the First Company of light infantry, commanded by Capt; 
 
 Harry, Eenajah. 
 
 Way, Jacob.* 
 
 William Stuart, of the Fifth Battalion, First Brigade, performing 
 
 Hope, Heslip. 
 
 Hayburn, William. 
 
 a tour of duty under the command of Col , who rendezvoused 
 
 Parke, David. 
 
 Thompson, Jacob.* 
 
 at York, under the general order of the Governor, dated 26th 
 
 Moore, David.* 
 
 Gibson, Andrew.* 
 
 August, 1814. At Camp Springfield, near Baltimore, Oct, 11, 1814 : 
 
 Wilson, Boyd.* 
 
 Moore, Eli.* 
 
 
 Cowan, Jacob.* 
 
 Fleming, John S. 
 
 Captain, William Stuart;* First Lieutenant, James W. Potts;* 
 
 Davis, Nathaniel.* 
 
 Ogelsby, Jonah. 
 
 Second Lieutenant, John D. Perry;* Ensign, Israel Bailey; Sergeantt, 
 
 McGinnis, William.* 
 
 
 John Rodgers,* Jacob G. Morton, James Morton,* David Powel.* 
 
 Hugh Daniel, lieutenant, Joseph M. Hollis, and George 
 
 Privates. 
 Stone, William.* Cooner. David. 
 
 W. Baldwin also voted with the above company. 
 
 Powell, John G.» 
 
 Rolinson, Thomas. 
 
 ROLL OF CAPT. ROBERT WILSON'S COMPANY. 
 
 Powell, Abel.®' 
 Powell, Aaron. 
 
 Scantlin, James, 
 Watters, Joseph. 
 
 Pay-roll of a company of militia, commanded by Capt. Robert Wil- 
 
 Murphy, John.* 
 
 Chalfant, William.® 
 
 son, of the Fifth Battalion, First Brigade, performing a tour of duty 
 
 Reed, William.® 
 
 Benner, Jacob H.* 
 
 under the command of Maj. McFarland, who rendezvoused at York, 
 
 Bradley, Richard!^ 
 
 Melaney, William.* 
 
 under general order of the Governor, dated 26th August, 1814. 
 
 Thomas, Charles M.* 
 
 Harlan', Lewis.* 
 
 Commencement of service, Sept. 8, 1814. At Camp Springfield, 
 
 MoKee, William.* 
 
 Tinney, Neal.» 
 
 near Baltimore, Oct. 11, 1814: 
 
 Windle, Moses.* 
 
 Miller, Samuel.* 
 
 Captain, Robert Wilson ;« Lieutenant, David Williamson ; Ensign, 
 
 Sweeney, James. 
 
 Powell, John.* 
 
 Joseph Miller, or Millard ; Sergeants, Jesse Lookhart, James Simp- 
 
 Hamil, John C.» 
 
 Davis, George.® 
 
 son, George Entrekin, James Moore; Corporals, John Ogelsby (Sads- 
 
 Dunn, James.* 
 
 Brackenridge, Samuel. 
 
 bury), John Baum, Andrew Redheifer,* John Carr, or Kerr. 
 
 Strand, Peter.* 
 
 
 Privates. 
 
 " I certify the foregoing to be a correct roll of my company. 
 
 "William Stuabt, 
 
 Allen, Isaac* 
 
 Bumbaugh, James. 
 
 ** Captain. 
 
 Allison, William.* 
 
 BuUer, Cyrus. 
 
 "Test: "W. FoKSTEK, 
 
 Allison, Thomas.* 
 
 Carson, William.* 
 
 " Brigadier-General." 
 
 Atchless, Charles. 
 
 Criley, Daniel.* 
 
 
 Batter, John.* 
 
 Clevenstine, Henry.* 
 
 ROLL OF CAPT. WILLIAM STEELE'S COMPANY. 
 
 Beagle, Henry.* 
 
 Coffrode, Jacob.* 
 
 Muster-roll of Capt. William Steele's company, in the Fifth Bal;- 
 
 Balentine, Hamilton. 
 
 Christy, Samuel.* 
 
 talion. First Brigade, Pennsylvania militia, commanded by Maj, 
 
 Bellows, or Bellis, Thomas. 
 
 Cogle, Arnold.* 
 
 William McFarland, at York, Sept. 5, 1814. In service from Sept, 
 
 Benner, David. 
 
 Criley, Peter. 
 
 5, 1814, to March 5, 1815, from Chester County. At Camp Spring- 
 
 Bathurst, John. 
 
 Colwell, Andrew. 
 
 field, near Baltimore, Oct. 11, 1814 : 
 
 Bellows, or Bellis, Hiram. 
 
 Darling, Samuel (or Darland).* 
 
 Captain, William Steele,^New London -rLieutenanty David -Wiley, 
 
 Brown, Benjamin, 
 
 Donelson, Griffith. 
 
 Londdngj-Qve;. Eiiaiga, Samuel L< 
 
 jfever, Oxford j liSersBfooW, Robert 
 
GENERAL HISTOEY. 
 
 129 
 
 Rambo, London Britain; Robert Gibson, New London; Jesse Jones; 
 John Maxwell, Oxford ; Corporah, John R. Gibson, Isaao Russell ; 
 John Ford, London Britain; Samuel Patterson. 
 
 Pnoatea. 
 
 Armstrong, John, W. Fallow field. 
 Bear, Henry, Fallowfiold. 
 Boyd, James, Sadsbary. 
 Brown, John, Londonderry. 
 Brown, Joseph. 
 Bunting, James, Oxford. 
 Brukalwioe, Abraham, E. Not- 
 tingham. 
 Oarswell, James, Londonderry. 
 Chamberlain, Obed, Sadsbury. 
 Cloud, George. 
 Cloud, Jaooh. 
 
 Coohran, John, E. Fallowfield. 
 Cooper, John, Upper Oxford. 
 Correy, William K., New London. 
 Cummins, Jesse, G. Nottingham. 
 Curtz, Jaoob, AV, Gain. 
 Danoe, Isaac. 
 Darling, John, Sadsbury. 
 Bavis, John. 
 Dean, Matthias. 
 Drenning, John. 
 Dugan, Philip. 
 Dunliip, Enoch. 
 
 Fitzgerald, John, E. Nottingham. 
 Flemming, William, Oxford. 
 Gibson, John R., Oxford. 
 Gibson, William, Londonderry. 
 Gilmore, John. 
 Harris, Reuben. 
 Henderson, Archibald. 
 Hinton, Moses, Sadsbury. 
 Hollis, George. 
 Hollowell, John. 
 Irwin, Alexander, Lower Oxford. 
 
 Irwin, Benjamin, Fallowfiold. 
 
 Irwin, William, Lower Oxford. 
 
 Kennedy, John. 
 
 Lawrence, Henry, West Cain. 
 
 Leming, Thomas, New London. 
 
 Lewis, Absolom, West Cain. 
 
 Lewis, Collin, Now London. 
 
 Lowry, James. 
 
 Mack, Joseph. 
 
 Money, Charles. 
 
 MuUin, Charles. 
 
 Murdook, John, W. Fallowfield. 
 
 MoClellan, John, Sadsbury. 
 
 McCracken, James, E. Notting- 
 ham. 
 
 McGinnis, Joseph, Sadsbury. 
 
 Nolen, Robert, Londonderry. 
 
 Porter, John. 
 
 Powel, Thomas, Londonderry. 
 
 Quigly, Thomas, Sadsbury. 
 
 Russell, James, West Cain. 
 
 Sentman, Lawrence, Now Lon- 
 don. 
 
 Shute, James. 
 
 Simcox, William, Sadsbury. 
 
 Smith, Joseph, Upper Oxford. 
 
 Smith, William, West Cain. 
 
 Sorenoe, John. 
 
 Stewart, James B. 
 
 Stinson, William, London Brit'n. 
 
 Stone, Garret, Oxford. 
 
 Mc Williams, James. 
 
 Wilson, Robert, E. Nottingham. 
 
 Wood, William, W. Fallowfield. 
 
 Wright, William, E. Nottingham. 
 
 ROLL OF CAPT. JOHN HOLMES' COMPANY. 
 Pay-roll of a company of volunteers commanded by Capt. John 
 
 Holmes, of the regiment, performing a tour of duty under the 
 
 command of Col. , who rendezvoused at York, under the gen- 
 eral order of the Governor, dated Aug. 26, 1814. At Camp " Hos- 
 pital Woods," in Baltimore County, Oct. II, 1814: 
 Captain, John Holmes ;» First Lieutenant, John Downing ;* Second 
 Lieutenant, James Andrews;* Ensiijn, James Wilson; Sergeants, 
 Arthur Andrews, Jr.,* Joseph Ramsey,* John Robb,* Robert Mash- 
 bank;* Corporals, James Ross,* William Robeson,* Francis Wal- 
 lace,* Robert Simpson.* 
 
 Privates. • 
 
 Pinkerton, William.* 
 
 Andrews, James.* 
 Ankrim, Archibald,* 
 Alison, Oliver.* 
 Alexander, Thomas.* 
 Boon, John. 
 Brogan, Benjamin.* 
 Best, John.* 
 Cooper, John.* 
 Carlisle, John.* 
 Crosby, Nathaniel.* 
 Corry, John.* 
 Davis, James.* 
 Fox, William.* 
 Ford, Charles. 
 Laughlen, John. 
 Lemmon, William. 
 MeNeal, William.* 
 McGee, Patrick.* 
 McLeny, Wi"lliam. 
 Murdaugh, Robert.* 
 Nilson, John.* 
 Pinkertun, Joseph. 
 17 
 
 Robison, John.* 
 
 Riece, Jacob.* 
 
 Ross, Isaac* 
 
 Rogers, William.* 
 
 Robison, Robert.* 
 
 Smith, Stewart.* 
 
 Slack, John.* 
 
 Turner, Joseph.* 
 
 Muse, Thomas.* 
 
 Farren, James.* 
 
 Steel, Samuel. 
 
 Quigg, James M.» 
 
 Lemmon, Hector.* 
 
 Abbitt, Dennis.* 
 
 Poisel, Henry.* 
 
 Ohineoe (or Chiney), John.* 
 
 Phillips, John.* 
 
 Ross, William.* 
 
 Guy, Samuel.* 
 
 Moore, John.* 
 
 Diokey, Joseph. 
 
 Cowen, David.* 
 Bwing, Alexander. 
 Lefeber, Samuel.* 
 Wilson, William.* 
 Fleshhalher, Martain.* 
 Watt, David.* 
 Byers, Henry.* 
 Simpson, William.* 
 
 David, William.* 
 Russell, John.* 
 Worthington, John. 
 Slegar, Nicholas. 
 Temanis, George.* 
 Rogers, Bbenezer.* 
 Caruth, Henry.* 
 
 In Capt. Daniel D. B. Keiin's company volunteer militia, 
 First Regiment, at Camp Dupont, voters : Samuel Shaffer, 
 Thomas Baird. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Isaac D. Barnard was captain in Fourteenth Regiment 
 United States Infantry, and promoted to major. David 
 Williams was a private in his company. Andrew Arm- 
 strong and Christopher Shaner were in Col. Conrad Krick- 
 baum's regiment. John Purel, Thomas Maitland, William 
 Wilson, and James W. Brown were in Capt. Neely's com- 
 pany. John Hamilton was in the " Flotilla." William 
 Totten, under Capt. Farragut, on " Saratoga," United States 
 sloop-of-war. Enoch Jenkins, regiment unknown. James 
 Parke, brigade-major. John Leslie, of Col. Humphrey's 
 First Regiment of riflemen. In Capt. John Hall's com- 
 pany, from Delaware County, Sixty-fifth Regiment, Col. 
 John L. Pearson commanding, First Brigade of Brig. -Gen. 
 Samuel Smith, encamped at Marcus Hook, were several 
 from Chester County, among whom were Joseph Dunwoody, 
 George Brannan, Amos Griffith, and Samuel Lindsey. 
 
 March 16, 1816, 1. Wynkoop, regimental paymaster, ad- 
 vertises that he " will attend at the house of Joshua Evans' 
 Paoli Tavern, on Thursday, the 4th day of April next, for 
 the purpose of paying Capt. Wersler's company for their 
 tour of duty in the fall of 1814, and attached to the Sec- 
 ond Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteer Light Infantry." 
 
 March 18, 1816, John G. Bull, paymaster of the Sixty- 
 fifth Pennsylvania militia, advertises that he has 
 
 " Appointed Friday the 22d inst. to meet Cap' Morgan's company, 
 at Emmor Eachn's tavern, in Springfield township, Delaware county ; 
 Capt. Hall's company on Saturday the 23d, at the same place; Capt. 
 Lackey's company on Monday the 25th, at the " Seven Stars," in Aston, 
 in said county ; Capt. Campbell's company on Tuesday the 26th at the 
 "Paoli," in Tredyffrin township, Chester County; Capt. Weatherby's 
 company on Wednesday the 27th, at the same place; Capt. Hartman's 
 company on Friday the 29th, at Lawrence Hippie's tavern in Vincent 
 township, Chester County. 
 
 " The men in Capts. Hall's and Lackey's companies who reside in 
 Chester County will meet me at either of the above places that is most 
 convenient ; and those of Capt. Weatherby's company who are within 
 the bounds of the late 100th regiment will meet me at the 'Seven 
 Stars,' on the days appointed as above. The time of meeting at all 
 the above places will be at 9 o'clock A.M. The captain of each com- 
 pany is particularly requested to attend to the payment of the 
 respective companies." 
 
 July 21, 1868. The county treasurer has received the following 
 list of persons who served in the war of 1812 who are entitled to pen- 
 sions. They will be paid upon application at the treasurer's office, in 
 the court-house, in this borough: 
 
 Jno. Burk, Susan H. Burton, Abraham Bailey, Susanna Chalfant, 
 Mary Carney, William Cummins, Peter Crilley, Isaao Dance, 
 Helen A. Dunwoody, Catharine Essick, Catharine Entriken, Jo- 
 seph Evans, Samuel Epright, Margaret Ford, Ann Funderwhlte, 
 Alex. Clay Fendall, Alhina Frame, George Farro, Evan Griffith, 
 Magdaline Grubb, Elizabeth Huzzert, Margaret Hale, John 
 Hoopes, Mary Harrison, Ann Hansell, Elios Jenkins, Sarah Jack- 
 son, Elizabeth King, Sarah Lindsey, Rosanna Lewis, Henry Lin- 
 
130 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 senbighler, Winly Miller, Charles Mullen, Davis Morgan, Mar- 
 garet Ormer, Hannah Peters, Jacob Rhoades, Jacob Koot, Barbara 
 Reppert, Benjamin Reinerd, Elizabeth Snyder, Anthony N. Sill, 
 Jacob Steward, Mary Smith, Elizabeth Yerkes, William Wilson, 
 Jacob Wensel, Samuel Widener, William Walker. 
 
 LAFAYETTE'S VISIT TO CHESTER COUNTY. 
 
 In 1824 the Congress of the United States voted unani- 
 mously a resolution requesting President Monroe to invite 
 Lafayette to visit the United States. He accepted the in- 
 vitation, and, with his son, George Washington Lafayette, 
 and his secretary, M. La Vasseur, took passage on a packet- 
 ship from Havre for New York, where he landed Aug. 15, 
 1824. He was received everywhere with the utmost demon- 
 stration of popular enthusiasm, and his progress through 
 the country resembled a continuous triumphal procession. 
 He visited in succession each of the twenty-four States of 
 which the Union was then composed, and all the principal 
 cities. 
 
 The news of the illustrious general's arrival at New York 
 did not reach West Chester until the 17th, — there being 
 no railroad or telegraph in those days, — but immediately a 
 meeting was called at the court-house. Meanwhile the 
 Washington Guards, Capt. Lauer, and the Wayne Guards, 
 Capt. Fleming, acclaimed the joyful news by firing a /ew- 
 de-joie, and by hearty cheers. Of the assemblage at the 
 court-house, Col. Joseph McClellan, who had served as a 
 captain in the Continental army under Lafayette, was made 
 chairman, and Gen. Isaac D. Barnard secretary. Judge 
 Darlington delivered a.brief address, in which he reflected 
 the feelings of all present in indulging the hope that the 
 general would desire to revisit the ground where he first 
 " fleshed his maiden sword," and oiFered the following reso- 
 lution : 
 
 " Whekeas, It is believed that the illustrious guest of our country, 
 Major-General the Marquis de la Fayette, will be inclined to revisit 
 the scenes of his early gallantry, and, amongst other places, the ground 
 on which the battle of Brandywine was fought, in this county, wjiere 
 he received a wound in the cause of our liberty and independence, 
 therefore, 
 
 " lieaolved, That a meeting of the citizens of Chester County be held 
 at the court-house, in the borough of West Chester, on Saturday, the 
 28th of August, at eleven o'clock a.m., to make arrangements for a 
 suitable reception of that venerable patriot and friend of freedom, if 
 he shall be induced to visit our county, and to adopt such other meas- 
 ures evincive of our gratitude for his distinguished services as the 
 interesting occasion demands." 
 
 Another "Lafayette meeting" was held at the same place 
 on the 28th of August, 1824, of which Hon. Isaac 
 Darlington was chairman, and John W. Cuningham, Esq., 
 secretary. The following, among other resolutions, were 
 unanimously adopted : 
 
 "lieaolved, That Col. Joseph McClellan, Col. Jacob Humphrey, Col. 
 Isaac Wayne, Dr. Jacob Ehrenzeller, Col. Cromwell Pearoc, Gen. Isaac 
 D. Barnard, Gen. John W. Cuningham, Dr. William Darlington, 
 Gen. Joshua Evans, and Abram Daily, Esq., be a committee, on be- 
 half of this meeting, to wait upon Gen. La Fayette immediately on 
 his arrival in Philadelphia, respectfully to make known to him our 
 feelings and sentiments, and to invite him, in the name of the citizens 
 of Chester County, to honor them with a visit to the ground where, 
 by the side of Washington and of Wayne, and his gallant compa- 
 triots-in-arms, he distinguished himself as a champion in the cause of 
 liberty, and by the eflusion of his blood in their defense forever en- 
 de^ired himself to the American people. 
 
 " Seaohed, That if, as it is sincerely hoped. Gen. La Fayette shall 
 be induced to revisit the scenes of his youthful gallantry, on the 
 banks of the Brandywine, where a free, prosperous, happy, and grate- 
 ful people are enjoying the fruits of Revolutionary virtue and bra- 
 very, the aforesaid committee be requested, in concert with the civil 
 authorities of the couniy, to make the necessary arrangements for the 
 appropriate reception and entertainment of our distinguished guest; 
 and also that t .e military officers and uniformed corps of the district 
 be requested to parade on the occasion, and pay the honors due to the 
 venerable soldier of the Revolution." 
 
 It having been ascertained that Gen. Lafayette, with his 
 .son, George Washington Lafayette, and other companions, 
 would visit the battle-ground on the Brandywine on Tues- 
 day, the 26th of July, 1825, and proceed thence to West 
 Chester, arrangements were made by the committee of 
 Chester County for their proper receptioa and entertain- 
 ment. 
 
 Early in the morning the general was waited upon at 
 Messrs. Duponts', with whom he had lodged, by John W. 
 Cuningham, Esq., one of the committee of arrangements, 
 attended by Samson Babb and William Williamson, two of 
 the marshals of the day, by whom he was conducted to 
 Chads' Ford. The general was accompanied by his son, M. 
 La Vasseur, his secretary, M. Baudouis, a distinguished law- 
 yer from Paris, the Messrs. Dupont, Messrs. Louis McLane, 
 and N. G-. Williamson, committee from Wilmington, and 
 Messrs. Joseph S. Lewis, Tilghman, and Biddle, committee 
 of Councils from Philadelphia. They reached Chads' Ford 
 about ten o'clock a.m., where the veteran was received by 
 the committees of Chester and Delaware Counties, headed 
 by their respective chairmen. Col. Joseph McClellan and 
 Capt. William Anderson. At this place, also, Maj.-Gen. 
 Isaac D. Barnard and his aides, Col. Lieper and Daniel Buck- 
 waiter, Esq., attended by Brig.-Gens. Evans and Stanley 
 and their aides, in full uniform, also the Chester County 
 troop of cavalry, commanded by Lieut. Jones, and the 
 Delaware County troop of cavalry, commanded by Capt. 
 Vanleer, the whole under the command of Maj. Wilson, 
 were in waiting to escort the general over the battle-ground. 
 Jesse Sharp, Esq , chief marshal, with his aides, Thomas H. 
 B. Jacobs and Jesse Conard, Esq., and assistant marshals, 
 Samson Babb, William Williamson, Joshua Hunt, Thomas 
 H. Brinton, Joshua McMinn, Isaac Trimble, David Potts, 
 Jr., Richard Walker, Jonathan Jones, Joseph P. McClellan, 
 also attended to regulate the movements of the great con- 
 course of citizens, in carriages, on horseback, and on foot, 
 who had gathered at this point, eager to see and welcome 
 the nation's guest. 
 
 The general received the greetings of the people, and 
 viewed the interesting heights around Chads' Ford, and the 
 field where the armies encamped the night before the battle, 
 and pointed out the positions of Gens. Wayne and Max- 
 well's brigades. He inquired if any one could point out 
 where the bridge of rails was across the Brandywine, but 
 no one was able to give the information. He then resumed 
 his seat in his barouche, with his companion-in-arms. Col. 
 McClellan, by his side, and the procession, which had been 
 formed, advanced toward Painter's Cross-roads. About a 
 mile from the ford the general stopped and alighted from 
 his carriage to see Gideon Gilpin, a very aged man, con- 
 fined to bed, at whose house he had made his headquarters 
 before the battle. The sick man was gratified, at the sight 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 131 
 
 of the veteran, who pressed his hand cordially and wished 
 him every blessing. The procession then proceeded by way 
 of Painter's Cross-roads to Dilworthtown, where another 
 large ooncourse of people had gathered. After a brief halt 
 it turned to the left and proceeded to the main battle-ground. 
 When they came in sight of the Birmingham meeting-house, 
 Lafayette arose in his carriage and addressed himself in 
 French to his son and companions, spoke animatedly for some 
 time, pointing out to them the different positions of the 
 armies. All the surroundings were familiar to him. He 
 pointed out the spot, in a field of Jacob Bennett, a short 
 distance east and south of where the road from the meetiuo'- 
 house comes in at right angles with the east-and-west road, 
 as the place where he was wounded. He then proceeded 
 to the meeting-house, where another concourse had assem- 
 bled to greet him. After viewing the grounds here he 
 alighted, with his companions and friends, at the mansion 
 of Samuel Jones, a short distance north of the meetino'- 
 house, to which he had been previously invited, and partook 
 of refreshments provided for the occasion. A lar^e collec- 
 tion of balls and other relics of the memorable conflict, 
 which had been found at different periods on the battle- 
 ground, were exhibited and excited much interest. 
 
 After a brief rest the trumpet sounded to horse, and the 
 procession moved on to Strode's mill, over the ground on 
 which Howe and Cornwallis advanced to the battle, and 
 thence by the right to Darlington's woods (now Smedley 
 Darlington's), near the western line of the borough. Here 
 the volunteers of the Third Division were drawn up, 
 agreeably to the orders of Maj.-Gen. Barnard, to receive 
 the general and escort him into the town. These consisted 
 of the First Regiment of Chester Cuunty Volunteers, com- 
 manded by Col. Darlington, — to whom were attached Capt. 
 Fleming's company of Wayne Guards, Capt. Wiley 's company 
 of Franklin Guards, and Jlaj. Elton's corps of riflemen, — 
 the Chester County Union Volunteer Battalion, comman- 
 ded by Licut.-Col. McDowell, and the Jackson Volunteer 
 Battalion, commanded by Maj. Morton, — to which Capt. 
 Stewart's independent company of volunteers was attached, 
 — the whole together comprioing seventeen companies of 
 volunteers, including the two troops of cavalry. On the 
 approach of Lafayette, a salute of thirteen guns was fired 
 by the Republican Artillerists of Chester County, under 
 the command of Lieut. -Col. Evans, and the troops then 
 wheeled into column, the First Regiment preceding the 
 immediate escort of the general, and the battalions of 
 McDowell and Morton taking post in the rear. Thus 
 arranged, the whole proceeded into the borough, under the 
 command of Maj.-Gen. Barnard, by the way of the present 
 Rosedale Avenue to High Street, at the State Normal 
 School, and thence up High Street. The cavalcade of 
 citizens in the rear were conducted by Chief Marshal 
 Jesse Sharp and his aides and assistants, whose names have 
 already been given. 
 
 The crowd which had gathered here was immense. It 
 is estimated that there was not less than ten thousand 
 persons present, and the welcome accorded to the general 
 was most cordial, hearty, and sincere The procession 
 passed up High Street to Market, down Market to Walnut, 
 up Walnut to Gay, up Gay to High, down High to Market, 
 
 up Market to Church, up Church to Gay, down Gay to 
 High, and out High to a field of Jesse Matlaok, on the 
 hill east of the Friends' meeting-house. Here the troops- 
 were reviewed by Gen. Lafayette, on foot, who expressed 
 his great satisfaction at their appearance and soldier-like 
 behavior. He then passed in his barouche in front of 
 several hundred mounted citizens, formed in the same field 
 under the direction of the chief marshal, and was then con- 
 ducted by the committee to the residence of Ziba Pyle, 
 Esq., the chief burgess. The troops were wheeled into 
 column and returned to the town, and gave the marching 
 salute as they passed the general at his quarters, and wore 
 then dismissed. 
 
 After a brief repose, the general and his companions 
 were conducted to the grand jury room in the court-house, 
 which had been tastefully decorated by the ladies for the 
 occasion, and where an excellent dinner had been provided 
 by Mr. Eber Worthington, then proprietor of the Turk's 
 Head Hotel. The entertainment was attended by the 
 committees of arrangement and a limited number of in- 
 vited guests ; including the general and his friends, in all 
 about forty persons. 
 
 When the company had assembled at the table, his old 
 comrade in the field of Revolutionary toil and danger, the 
 venerable Col. Joseph McClellan, rose, and, on behalf of the 
 committee of reception, addressed the gallant chieftain as 
 follows : • 
 
 "Greneral, — It is our happiness to be appointed by our fellow-citi- 
 zens to greet you upon your visit to the scenes of your youthful gal- 
 lantry on the banks of the Brandywinr, and to bid you a sincere and 
 cordial welcome to the bosom of our county. Language, indeed, can 
 but feebly portray the joyous and grateful emotions with which we 
 behold amongst us, after a lapse of eight and forty years, the illus- 
 trious friend of human rights, who relinquished the endearments of 
 his domestic circle in a distant land to aid the fathers of our country 
 in their struggle for independence, and who, on this ground, sealed 
 with his blood his devotion to the cause of American liberty. In you 
 sir, we recognize, with the profoundest respect and veneration, the 
 early, disinterested, and steadfast champion of our Washington, our 
 Wayne, and their gallant compatriots-in-arms, — the youthful volun- 
 teer, who shared the toils of our fathers to secure the blessings of re- 
 publican freedom to our land, and who, by the favor of heaven, has 
 been preserved to witness the happiness and receive the benedictions 
 of their grateful offspring. 
 
 " We exult in the contemplation of a character whose pure, intrepid, 
 and uniform devotion to the rights of man has been equally conspicu- 
 ous in the battle-fields of the western, and in the councils, the courts, 
 and the dungeons of the eastern, hemisphere. 
 
 " We rejoice that a signal opportunity has been afforded to our 
 countrymen to repel the slander of despots and their hirelings that re- 
 publics are ungrateful, and although the plain and unpretending citizens 
 of this ancient county of Chester do not presume to vie with their 
 brothers of our opulent towns and cities in the splendor of your re- 
 ception, let me flatter ourselves that you will receive, with your wonted 
 kindness, the spontaneous and unaffected homage of a happy commu- 
 nity, who welcome you with eyes beaming with reverence and delight, 
 and hearts filled with the purest sentiments of gratitude and affection." 
 
 To this address Gen. Lafayette made the following reply : 
 
 " While I have, with unbounded gratitude, enjoyed the fondly antici- 
 pated happiness to meet in this town the citizens of the county ef 
 Chester, and the additional pleasure to be here most kindly welcomed, 
 in the name of the people, by an old companion-in-arms, I have also 
 to acknowledge the affectionate greetings that have this day hailed 
 your brother-soldier on the grounds of one of our most important 
 battles. 
 
 " Although, owing to some accidental occurrences, victory was not 
 that day on our side, the manner in which it was disputed by our pa- 
 
132 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 triotic troops did, no doubt, contribute to inspire several of the Bi'itish 
 leaders with a spirit of caution more than once beneficial to us. The 
 thought of its having been my first action under the American stand- 
 ard and our great and good commander-in-chief, in company with 
 your gallant Chester Countyman, my friend. Gen. Wayne, and my 
 other comrades, the honor to have mingled my blood with that of 
 many other American soldiers on the heights of the Brandywine, had 
 been to me a source of pride and delight near half a century before, 
 and it has lately been an occasion of the most honorable, kind, and 
 gratifying remembrance, as it is now an object of your friendly con- 
 gratulations. 
 
 " Happy I am, also, in your testimonies of affection and esteem for 
 my conduct in the vicissitudes of my life on both hemispheres, and I 
 beg you, my dear sir, and you, gentlemen of the committee, to accept 
 in your own name, and in behalf of the people of Chester County, 
 my affectionate and respectful acknowledgment." 
 
 When the dinner was concluded the following toasts and 
 sentiments were drank, accompanied by the music of the 
 excellent band belonging to Capt. Joseph Pearce's company 
 of junior artillerists : 
 
 REGULAR TOASTS. 
 
 1. "Our Country:" Blest with the oldest legitimate government 
 now in existence. 
 
 Music : Hail Gulumbia. 
 
 2. " The President of the United States." 
 
 President's March. 
 
 3. " The Governor of Pennsylvania." 
 
 Governor's March. 
 
 4. "The Memory of the Father of his Country." 
 
 lioslin Castle. 
 
 5. "The Heroes and Statesmen of the Revolution." 
 
 Washington's March. 
 
 6. " The late Presidents of the United States ; Enjoying in their 
 dignified retirement the benedictions of a free and grateful people. 
 What a lesson to the occupants and supporters of thrones !" 
 
 In the Doivnhill of Life. 
 
 7. ". The Nation's Guest : While our country reveres and lauds her 
 Washington, and our county justly boasts of her Wayne, the vo- 
 taries of rational liberty in both hemispheres claim an interest in La- 
 fayette." [Cheers.] 
 
 Marseilles Hymn. 
 
 When this toast was drank the general arose, and, after 
 thanking the committee for the honor done him, proposed 
 the following, which was cordially greeted by the company : 
 
 By Gen. Lafayette. — "The County of Chester, and the memoi^ 
 of her gallant citizen, Gen. Wayne; May the blood spilled by thou- 
 sands, with equal merit in the cause of independence and freedom, be 
 to the ensuing generations an eternal pledge of unalloyed republican- 
 ism, federal union, public prosperity, and domestic happiness." 
 
 Stony Point. 
 
 8. "The 11th of September, 1777: A day consecrated to liberty 
 by the blood of her votaries on the banks of the Brandywine; though 
 the sacrifice was great, the reward was rich indeed." 
 
 Auld Lang Syne. 
 
 9. "The Amiable Family of La Grange: Who possess the only 
 prior claims we can ever recognize to the person of our illustrious 
 friend and benefactor." 
 
 Life let ua Cherish. 
 
 10. " The Army and Navy of the United States : The shield and 
 buckler of the nation, wielded only in defense of its just rights." 
 
 Yankee Doodle. 
 
 11. "Bolivar : Great is the character which he has to sustain, for 
 he has nobly acquired that of the ' Washington of the South." " 
 
 Hail to the Chief.' 
 
 12. " Greece : May her sons be animated with the spirit of their 
 ancestors until she is restored to her ancient liberty and grandeur." 
 
 Cavia. 
 
 13. " The American Fair: Whose virtues adorn the republic, and 
 whose smiles reward its benefactors." 
 
 Oreen ffroio the Bushes ! 
 
 VOLUNTEER TOASTS. 
 
 By the Hon. Isaac Wayne.^" The people of the United States : 
 May they ever feel grateful for that protecting hand which ha« safely 
 conducted to each of the twenty-four States of their Union the gal- 
 lant defender, the early and steady benefactor of their country, the 
 nation's guest, the good, the amiable and intelligent Lafayette." 
 
 By Capt. William Anderson. — " The genuine Republican, Gen, La- 
 fayette : Who has in all and the most trying situations adhered to 
 and promoted the cause of liberty." 
 
 By Gen. John W. Cuningham.— " The Memory of Washington : 
 In the cabinet and in the field we ne'er shall look upon his like again." 
 
 By Ziba Pyle, Esq. (chief burgess of West Chester). — " General 
 Lafayette : His visits to Chester County, in 1777 and 1825, will be 
 held in grateful remembrance by its citizens." 
 
 By Brig.-Gen. Joshua Evans. — " Our honored Guest : In his youth 
 he shed his blood on the banks of the Brandywine in defense of 
 American Liberty, and in his old age he will he borne on the grater 
 ful bosom of the Brandywine to the embraces of his family." 
 
 By Dr. William Darlington. — "The fields of the Brandywine: 
 Irrigated, on the Cadmean system of agriculture, with the blood of 
 Revolutionary patriots, the teeming crop must ever be Independent 
 freemen." '"^ 
 
 By the Hon. Lewis McLane, of Delaware. — " The battle-ground we 
 have viewed to-day : Whether the theatre of victory or defeat, let the 
 effects be tested by the free industry and happy population which now 
 crowd its surface." 
 
 By Abraham Baily, Esq. — " The Memory of Maj.-Gen. Anthony 
 Wayne : His distinguished services as a soldier and statesman emi- 
 nently entitle him to the grateful remembrance of his countrymen." 
 
 By the Committee of Reception — " Our brethren, the City Coun- 
 cils of Philadelphia ; To whose gentlemanly kindness and attention 
 we are greatly indebted on this happy occasion." 
 
 By Joseph S. Lewis, Esq., of the City Councils. — "The cordial 
 affection existing between Philadelphia and her sister counties:' May 
 it always continue and constantly increase." 
 
 After the eighth regular toast, given above, was drank, 
 the following song was volunteered and sung by Dr. Wil- 
 liam Darlington : 
 
 LAFAYETTE AT BRANDYWINE. 
 
 Tune, Auld Lang Syne, 
 Should days of trial be forgot. 
 
 Although those days have fled ? 
 Can we neglect the sacred spot 
 Where patriot heroes bled ? 
 Chorus. — Ah, no ! those days of auld lang syne 
 We never can forget, 
 When with our sires to Brandywine 
 Came gallant Lafayette. 
 
 By Brandywine's enchanting stream 
 
 Our swains in peace abode — 
 Until the tyrant's minion came 
 
 To stain its banks with blood. 
 Cho. — And oh ! those days, etc. 
 
 To meet the foemen on the plain 
 
 Each patriot onward press'd. 
 And there, with Washington and Wayne, 
 
 Appeared our honor'd guest. 
 Cho. — Those anxious days, etc. 
 
 And there he bore him in the van, 
 
 Where Washington still led; 
 And to sustain the rights of man 
 
 The youthful warrior bled. 
 Cho. — Those fearful days, etc. 
 
 Then long as our romantic, stream 
 
 Shall roll its silver wave. 
 Its vales shall echo with the name 
 Of Lafayette, the brave. 
 Cho. — For, ah ! those days of auld lang syne 
 We never can forget. 
 When with our sires to Brandywine 
 Came gallant Lafayette. 
 
t jnip m wmx-tm f i ^ m lm| ii nJuwm * )JJ ! *ug">'Jyt; ■ w;' "n ' -JL. ' 4 ' M'Uli"t ' /V ' JJ ' V^U.l.l. ^^"J F 
 
 Res. AND Paper Mill of HARVEY GRAVES, EAST NoTTlNQHAM , Chester Co.Pa . 
 
 fles. OF FRANHLIN JONES, TFiEOYFeKiN Tp. CHesren Co.Pa. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 133 
 
 At the conclusion of the toasts a number of citizens 
 were introduced to the general in the court-room, and then 
 repaired again to the residence of Ziba Pyle, Esq., on Gay- 
 Street, where he spent the night. During the evening he 
 was visited by a large number of persons of both sexes, 
 who were kindly received by him. Among others to 
 whom he gave an affectionate welcome was a daughter of 
 Associate Judge John Davis, a veteran under his command 
 at Yorktown, Va., who was introduced by Col. Isaac 
 Wayne. 
 
 As he was under engagement to breakfast the next 
 morning at Maj. John Filson's, at Humphreyville, on the 
 Strasburg road, he retired at an early hour, and in the 
 morning, accompanied by Col. Joseph McClellan, Col. 
 Jacob Humphrey, Col. Cromwell Pearce, and Gen. Isaac 
 D. Barnard, and a number of citizens, he set out for that 
 place. Col. Humphrey rode in the carriage with him. 
 About half-past nine o'clock they reached Maj. Filson's, 
 where a great number of persons had assembled, and where 
 they were also met, according to previous arrangements, by 
 a committee from Lancaster. The spacious room in which 
 the breakfast was served was beautifully decorated with 
 wreaths and festoons of evergreens, bespangled with flowers. 
 From the centre of an arch, directly dver the general's 
 place at the table, and partially enveloped in the evergreen, 
 a small golden eagle was suspended. The neat and delicate 
 taste displayed in the decorations drew forth high com- 
 mendations from those present. At the table Lafayette 
 was seated between Col. McClellan and Col. Humphrey, 
 two of his old companions-in-arms. 
 
 After breakfast three barouches, each with four horses 
 attached, which had been sent from Lancaster for his re- 
 ception, were drawn up. Gen. Lafayette, accompanied by 
 Gen. George B. Porter, chairman of the Lancaster com- 
 mittee, ascended the first, and the others were occupied by 
 his son, secretary, and the other members of the Lancaster 
 committee. They proceeded by way of the Strasburg road 
 to Lancaster, and the Chester County committee returned 
 to their homes. From his entrance into Chester County 
 to his departure therefrom his reception and progress were 
 one continued scene of welcome, triumph, and joy. 
 
 Gen. Lafayette proceeded from Lancaster to Baltimore, 
 and thence to Washington, where he was the guest of 
 President John Quincy Adams. He visited the then ex- 
 Presidents, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe, the latter 
 accompanied by President Adams, at their respective resi- 
 dences in Virginia, and on the 7th of September, 1825, 
 sailed for his home in a new frigate, named, in compliment 
 to him, the " Brandywine." The scenes at his departure, 
 as given in Niles' WeeUy Registe,; were of a most inter- 
 esting character. 
 
 In December, 1824, while he was in this country, Con- 
 gress voted him a grant of $200,000 and a township of 
 land, " in consideration of his important services and ex- 
 penditures during the American Revolution." His large 
 hereditary fortune had beeti mostly lost by confiscation 
 during what is known as the " Reign of Terror" in France. 
 Somebody having presented the city of Philadelphia 
 with a grape-shot represented to be the identical one that 
 wounded the Marquis de Lafayette at the battle of Brandy- 
 
 wine, our friend, Chalkley Harvey, thus writes to the Led- 
 ger that there must be some mistake, and we rather guess 
 friend Harvey is correct : 
 
 "Chads' Ford, July 12, 1876. 
 "Mr. Editor,— Without at all courting controversy, I would ask 
 for a word in reply to J. P. Campbell's statement in to-day's Ledger, 
 of the grape-shot he presented in your city as being the ' identical one' 
 which wounded the Marquis de Lafayette at the battle of Brandy- 
 wine, and which 'was stopped by a stone wall,' etc.* Now, whilst it 
 seems a pity to do aught to spoil the history as given of this one-and- 
 a-half-inoh iron ball, such as our fields were strewn with for many 
 years following said battle, I cannot allow it to pass without assuring 
 you that, unless Gen. Lafayette was himself greatly mistaken "(and 
 the presumption is he was not), there was not then, nor has there been 
 up to this day, a stone wall of any description within several hundred 
 yards of where this occurred ; and I make this assertion from having, 
 when in my eleventh year, seen this noble hero stand in the Messrs. 
 Duponts' open carriage and point out the ground upon which his 
 wound was received. 
 
 " I, with three young companions, was sitting on a fence beneath 
 a tree at the roadside, and so close to him that we could hear every 
 word uttered. And I might further add that within the past twenty 
 years Edmund Lafayette, in company with Capt. (afterwards Commo- 
 dore) F. DapontjSpent a day with me in viewing these fields, once the 
 scene of bloody strife. And it may be presumed we talked of .all we 
 knew relative to what occurred on that memorable day ; and if he 
 knew anything of this ball, or of his illustrious grandsire having 
 visited Isabella MoCloskey for the purpose of seeing it, he omitted to 
 tell what would have been to ns a matter of much interest. Now, 
 whilst I do not doubt that the owner of this grape-shot has been led 
 to greatly prize it through the story connected therewith, yet I do 
 greatly doubt its being the identical ball which wounded the Marquis 
 
 de Lafayette. „ „ „ ,, 
 
 " 0. Haevey. 
 
 CHISTEK COUNTY IN THE MEXICAN WAK. 
 VOLUNTEERS EKOM THE COUNTY. 
 
 The war between the United States and Mexico began 
 in May, 1846, and the first battle which was fought be- 
 tween the two armies of the sister republics was on the 
 8th of May, at Palo Alto, on the east side of the Rio 
 Grande River. Soon after the declaration of war by the 
 American Congress, Pennsylvania was called upon for her 
 quota of troops, and while from this county no company 
 or organization of soldiers went, there was quite a number 
 of men who enlisted in regiments of the State recruited 
 and organized in other parts of its borders. Of those who 
 went forth to battle for the conceived national honor may 
 be mentioned the following, in addition to many others 
 whose names are inaccessible : Levi P. Knerr, who served 
 as a lieutenant throughout that war, and wrote home to his 
 borough paper a number of letters describing battles and 
 marches, which were published in the Phoenixville Pioneer, 
 then edited by Bayard Taylor, the future renowned traveler 
 and poet. William S. Mendendall, born at Chads' Ford, 
 
 » The following is the Ledger article referred to : " Mr. Joseph P. 
 Campbell, an aged citizen of Florence, New Jersey, recently brought 
 to Philadelphia the identical grape-shot with which Marquis de La- 
 fayette was wounded at the battle of Brandywine. It has been in 
 his possession over half a century, and was given to him by his aunt, 
 Isabella MoCloskey, who picked it up after it had struck the marquis 
 and been stopped by a wall. The heroine was on that day carrying 
 ammunition in her apron, and when the gallant Frenchman was 
 wounded she tore off her underclothing to stanch the blood and bind 
 up the wound. On the visit of the marquis to this country, several 
 years lattr, he sought her out. The ball is a cast-iron globe, about 
 one and a quarter inches in diameter, and has been religiously 
 preserved." 
 
134 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Delaware Co., Pa., but who in 18-1:6 was living in West 
 Chester, learning the printing business in the- office of 
 the American Republican, fired with patriotic ardor, volun- 
 teered (at sixteen years of age), in December. He joined 
 and was appointed a corporal in Capt. J. C. Biddle's com- 
 pany, in Philadelphia, which was ordered to rendezvous at 
 Brazos Santiago in February, 1847 ; it was then assigned 
 to the First Regiment United States Voltiguers, under 
 command of Col. F. P. Andrews, with Lieut.-Col. Joseph 
 E. Johnston and Majs. Talbott and Caldwell, all of the 
 United States army ; he participated, with his regiment, in 
 the siege of Vera Cruz, under Gen. Scott, and with Gen. 
 Cadwalader in the battles of Cerro Gordo, Jalapa, Perote, 
 and Puebla, and in assisting to keep open communication 
 between Vera Cruz and Puebla, afterwards in the valley 
 of the City of Mexico ; at the battle of Contreras, Aug. 
 20, 1847, at Buena Vista, Churubusco, and Molino del 
 Rey, September 11th, and at Casa del Mata, where he 
 was wounded in the right foot; on the 13th of September, 
 at the fierce storming of Chapultepec, the key to the gates 
 of Mexico, he was again slightly wounded in the head, and 
 was with the final assault upon the last defenses of the 
 city, and the triumphal entrance into the Mexican capital ; 
 he remained with the army of occupation until after the 
 conclusion of peace, July 4, 1848 ; his regiment left Mexico 
 in October, and was disbanded at Fort McHenry, Balti- 
 more, November, 1848 ; after an honorable discharge, and 
 with the commendation of his officers for faithful services, 
 he returned to West Chester, being then about eighteen 
 years old; in the late Rebellion (1861-65) Capt. Menden- 
 hall recruited and commanded Company D of the Ninety- 
 seventh Pennsylvania Infantry. Thomas King and John 
 Yocum, of what organization it is unknown. Lieut. Co- 
 lumbus Penn Evans, Eleventh Regiment United States In- 
 fantry, brevetted captain, and presented with a sword by 
 the Legislature of State of Delaware for his gallant and 
 meritorious services in several battles. Irvin Parke in 
 Capt. Samuel Hyams' company. Sixth Louisiana Regi- 
 ment, commanded by Col. Payton. Robert Taylor, of 
 West Chester. 
 
 THE FAMINE OF '47. 
 
 During the winter of 1846-47 the distress in Ireland, 
 caused by the complete failure of the potato crop of the 
 previous year, had awakened the sympathies of the people 
 of Chester County. The war with Mexico was in progress 
 but the excitement attending it did not check the public in- 
 terest in the sad reports of famine, fever, and death that came 
 continually from Ireland. On Feb. 5, 1847, a public meet- 
 ing was held in the court-house at West Chester, and a 
 committee was appointed to issue an address and solicit 
 subscriptions from the people of the county. This com- 
 mittee consisted of the following gentlemen, many of them 
 prominent citizens : 
 
 Townsend Haines, David Townsend, Nimrod Strickland, 
 Wilmer Worthington, Thomas S. Bell, Rev. J. B. Clemson, 
 John Crowell, James Powell, William Ingram, Joseph J. 
 Lewis, John Hickman, William Darlington, M.D., William 
 Everharfc, Robert Irwin, John Rutter, and J. B. Wood. 
 Of the whole number four only now survive, Hon. Jo- 
 
 seph J. Lewis, Rev. J. B. Clemson, Dr. J. B. Wood, and 
 John Rutter, Esq. 
 
 This committee, besides issuing an earnest address setting 
 forth many details of the sufiering of the Irish people, ap- 
 pointed sub-committees for all the townships of the county, 
 upon whom was placed the duty of making a prompt and 
 thorough canvass for subscriptions. The list of names con- 
 tained many that would be recognized as among the lead- 
 ing men of that time, but it is too long for insertion here. 
 The results of their efforts were soon made evident : on 
 March 9th the ViUage Record published a list of amounts 
 actually paid into the fund. West Chester headed the list 
 with $534.92; New London gave $231.25; Coatesville, 
 $212 ; Sadsbury, $193.45 ; East Vincent, $152.50 ; War- 
 wick, $166,69 ; and the total reported was over $3100. 
 The total subscribed in. West Chester was $800. The 
 following week the New Garden committee reported that 
 their collections were $300, with which they had bought 
 from the millers of their own township 50 barrels of flour, 
 which had been sent to Allen Cuthbert, Esq., Lombard 
 Street Wharf, Philadelphia, for immediate shipment to 
 Ireland. 
 
 Mr. (later Judge) Haines and his committee invested 
 the funds collected in provisions, which were shipped to 
 Cork, Ireland, by the barque " Alice Carlton." They em- 
 braced 600 barrels of corn meal, 25 barrels of wheat-flour, 
 15 of rye-flour, 6 of pork, 2 of beef, and 28 bushels of peas. 
 There was no charge for freight. In the mean time the 
 committee announced that further exertions would be made 
 and more supplies forwarded. 
 
 The bounty arrived at Cork most opportunely, as appears 
 in a letter written by Mr. C. G. Gibbons, of Ballenspittle 
 House, Kinsale, Ireland, to William Everhart, Esq., West 
 Chester, dated April 14th, which was in part as follows : 
 
 "... I now write merely to acknowledge the arrival, and in a few 
 hasty words to convey mine, my uncle, James B. Gibbons', J. R. Bar- 
 ry'?, and our whole local community's, deep and heartfelt gratitude to 
 the noble-minded citizens of Chester County for your munificent 
 present to our poor people in this their time of need and suffering. 
 ' Never did a gift come more opportunely ;' our own funds are all but 
 spent, and our government had ordered all relief-worlts to be sus- 
 pended. In a few days more our district would have been subjected 
 to the horrors that are now,'and have been for months, sweeping away 
 thousands upon thousands of the Irish population. . . ." 
 
 Mr. Gibbons, the writer, was the nephew of one of the 
 gentlemen who had been most kind to Mr. Everhart after 
 his escape from the shipwreck of the " Albion" on the coast 
 near Kinsale in 1822 ; and in the volume of " Miscellanies," 
 published in recent years by the latter's son, Hon. James 
 B. Everhart, there is the following allusion to a visit made 
 by him to this part of Ireland after the famine : 
 
 " Not far from the town of Kinsale are the mansions of J. Redmond 
 Barry and J. B. Gibbons, Esq., whose bouses look on the sea. They 
 were most hospitable, and declared 'that during the famine the Ches- 
 ter County donation of meal was the best which came to Ireland, and 
 that it saved a thousand lives.' The destitution had been frightful,^- 
 there was neither food nor money, — the people were terror-stricken, 
 and these provisions arrived at the very crisis of the calamity. For 
 this timely succor the Irish of Ballenspittle will ever gratefully re- 
 member the county of Chester." 
 
 THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 Being upon the border of the dissentient States, Chester 
 County awaited with especial interest the muttcringsof the 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 135 
 
 angry South over the election of President Lincoln in 18G0, 
 and its subsequent secession acts of 1860-61, forbearing 
 
 " Until a fierce, sudden flash across the rugged blaoUnesa broke, 
 And with p, voice that shook the land the guns of Sumter spoke." 
 
 As the news of the battle and capture of the fort by the 
 rebels was flashed along the wires, excitement unparalleled 
 in the history of the county pervaded every township, bor- 
 ough, village, hamlet, and fireside. Party distinctions 
 were forgotten, and a united people thought only of the 
 public peril and of means to defend the government. In 
 Chester County the feeling was intense, and all were ani- 
 mated with a common purpose to maintain the Union at all 
 hazards. The heroic, self-sacrificing men who from this 
 county, through four years of privation, peril and war, ded- 
 icated their lives to the preservation of the national integ- 
 rity, wrought also for its progress in the direction of its 
 founders, intent towards the realization of true permanence, 
 prosperity, and peace, as a priceless legacy, painfully and' 
 perilously secured for each citizen. The grand and noble 
 history of this county in the memorable conflict of 1861- 
 65 has an imperishable record, perpetuating the deeds of 
 valor that attended its citizen-soldiery through the fire of 
 many battles unto brilliant victories and the final triumph 
 of liberty, union, and peace. 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT. 
 
 The Second Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment 
 of three months' service was formed from companies 
 hastily recruited, in obedience to the call for volunteers, 
 from the counties of Franklin, Perry, Adams, Lancaster, 
 Chester, Centre, Dauphin, and York. April 21, 1861, 
 the regiment was organized at Harrisburg, with James 
 Givin (captain of Company G, of West Chester) as 
 major. The same day it left for Washington. It was or- 
 dered to York, Pa., and there remained until June 1, 
 when it moved to Chambersburg. Here it was assigned 
 to the Second Brigade of Second Division, and on the 16th 
 went to Funkstown, Md., crossed the Potomac July 2d, 
 with Gen. Patterson's army, and advanced to Martins- 
 burg, thence to Bunker Hill. July 26th it was mustered 
 out. 
 
 The first organized body of men from the borough of 
 Phoenixville to enter the United States service in the rebel- 
 lion was the Phoenixville Brass Band, which was mustered 
 with the Second Kegiment at York, May 24, 1861, and 
 mustered out with the regiment on the following 26th of 
 July. 
 
 Roster of the Band.— John G. Moses, leader; David C. Broomall, 
 H. F. Caswell, Jacob Hawk, James P. Holt, William Lobb, Henry 
 Lukemire, John C. Matson, Hiram Nyce, J. Blwood Quay, John 
 Richards, John Sollinger, Wilmer W. Thomson, J. Englebert Vander- 
 sliee, R. B. Williamson, Joseph P. Holt. 
 
 NINTH REGIMENT. 
 
 The Ninth Pennsylvania Regiment Volunteer Infantry 
 (three months' service) was formed from companies raised 
 in the counties of Chester, Armstrong, Cumberland, Le- 
 high, Northampton, Schuylkill, and Delaware. It was or- 
 ganized April 22, 1861, at Camp Curtin, and Thomas S. 
 Bell, of West Chester, was appointed adjutant. It went 
 to West Chester May 4th, and encamped at Camp Wayne ; 
 in June it joined Gen. Patterson's army, being attached 
 
 to the Fourth Brigade of First Division, and serving 
 mostly between Martinsburg and Winchester, Va. It was 
 mustered out July 24th. Companies A, E, and F were re- 
 cruited at West Chester. 
 
 THIRTIETH REGIMENT.^ 
 
 The Thirtieth Regiment (three years' service), being 
 the First Regiment of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, 
 was organized at Camp Wayne, near West Chester, June 
 9, 1861. Capt. Henry M. Mclntire, of West Chester, 
 who led the Brandywine Guards, was the first to occupy 
 the camp, and was assigned to its temporary command. 
 On the formal organization he was made lieutenant-colonel. 
 Lieut. Charles B. Lamborn, of Company A, Chester 
 County, was appointed adjutant, and Lieut. Joseph R. T. 
 Coates, of Company C, quartermaster. July 4th, Gover- 
 nor Curtin reviewed the First and Seventh Regiments 
 in West Chester, in the presence of an immense concourse 
 of people, the citizens entertaining the troops at Everhart's 
 Grove. The day after the disastrous battle of Bull Run, 
 July 21st, the regiment was ordered to Maryland, and in the 
 spring of 1862 joined McDowell's corps of the Potomac 
 army. June 18th the division to which it was assigned 
 marched to Gaines' Farm, and on the 19th moved with the 
 brigade to Beaver Dam Creek, near Mechanicsville, on the 
 extreme right of the Army of the Potomac, where it was 
 assigned to the army corps commanded by Gen. Fitz-John 
 Porter. On the 26th it participated in heavy fighting, as 
 in the battle the day following, and on the 30th in that of 
 Charles City Cross-roads. Its officers and men distin- 
 guished themselves for their gallant conduct. It was most 
 honorably engaged in the battle at South Mountain, Sept. 
 14th, and in the battle of Fredericksburg moved in steady, 
 unwavering line across an open plain, under a heavy, enfilad- 
 ing artillery fire, charging the enemy with resistless energy, 
 crossing the railroads and ditches, and driving him two 
 hundred yards beyond his intrenchments ; but, after hav- 
 ing opened up the way to victory, retired for want of sup- 
 ports to hold the positions taken. At Gettysburg, July 3, 
 1863, in the charge which was made by the First Brigade, 
 this regiment occupied the centre, and in this brilliant 
 movement, by a sudden change of direction, the enemy 
 was struck on the flank and driven in great confusion. 
 
 It made a glorious record at the battle of Spott'sylvania, 
 May 8, 1864. It was mustered out June 13th following. 
 The whole number mustered into the regiment was 1084. 
 Of these, 139 were killed or died in the field, 233 were 
 wounded, 258 were discharged for disability contracted in 
 the service, and 148 re-enlisted as veterans. It was com- 
 manded by Col. R. Biddle Roberts, of Pittsburgh, until 
 the lattec part of October, 1862, and after that by Col. 
 William Cooper Talley, of Delaware County. 
 
 This regiment was composed of two companies (A and 
 G) from Chester County, one (C) from Chester and Dela- 
 ware two from Lancaster, two from Cumberland, one 
 each from Adams and Delaware, and one from York and 
 Lancaster. 
 
 THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 The companies composing the Thirty-third Regiment 
 (Fourth Reserve) were recruited one from each of the 
 
136 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 counties of Chester, Monroe, Montgomery, Lycoming, and 
 Susquehanna, and the remaining five from the city and 
 county of Philadelphia. Its colonel was Robert Gr. March. 
 This regiment participated in the fighting on the Penin- 
 sula, under McClellan, from June 20, 1862, and particu- 
 larly distinguished itself at Charles City Cross-roads, on 
 June 30th. It was gallantly engaged in the second Bull 
 Run fight, and at South Mountain. In the battle of Freder- 
 icksburg it held the right of the second line, where its 
 lieutenant-colonel (Woolworth) was wounded. It after- 
 wards served in the Shenandoah Valley, Kanawha Valley, 
 and Western Virginia, under General Crook in the last 
 two, where it encountered -terrible hardships, privations, 
 and severe fighting. It was mustered out June 17, 1864, 
 at Philadelphia. 
 
 FORTY-SECOND (BUCKTAIL) REGIMENT. 
 After the fall of Fort Sumter, Thomas L. Kane, brother 
 of Dr. Kane, the famous Arctic explorer, and himself 
 schooled by extensive travel in the wilds of the Rocky 
 Mountains, applied to Governor Curtin for permission to 
 raise a company of mounted riflemen from among the hardy 
 yeomanry of the counties of Forest, McKean, and Elk, 
 popularly known as the " wild-cat district." Authority was 
 immediately given, as requested, and in less than a week 
 the men began to assemble at the points of rendezvous. 
 April 17, 1861, it was decided to change the organization 
 from cavalry to infantry. The men, for the most part lum- 
 bermen, came clad in their red-flannel shirts, bearing their 
 trusty rifles, and wearing each in his hat a bucktail. No 
 one was accepted who did not prove himself a skilled 
 marksman. Before the regiment received orders to march 
 it was found that only a limited number could be accepted, 
 and many of the companies, eager for the field, went in the 
 first organizations that offered. The others formed the 
 nucleus around which were gathered companies soon after 
 recruited, out of which arose this regiment, composed of 
 a company from each ot the counties of Elk, McKean, 
 Clearfield, Chester, Carbon, Warren, Cameron, and Perry, 
 and two from Tioga. Colonel Kane, elected its commander, 
 resigned his commission the following day in favor of the 
 lieutenant-colonel, Charles J. Biddle, of Philadelphia, an 
 old ofl&cer of experience in Mexico. It started into service 
 with a variety of praenomens : the Forty-second of the 
 line, the Thirteenth Reserve, the Rifie, the First Rifle, 
 the Kane Rifle, and the Bucktail. The latter was the 
 popular name, known and read of all, and was the name 
 it bore in the army. June 21st it was ordered to the front, 
 and at New Creek, Dranesville, Cross Keys, Gaines' Mill, 
 Charles City Cross-roads, in the campaign under General 
 Pope, Antietam, Fredericksburg, in the Wilderness, and at 
 Gettysburg, this regiment won laurels for its gallant ser- 
 vices. At this last battle its colonel, Charles F. Taylor, of 
 Chester County, brother of the renowned traveler. Bayard 
 Taylor, was killed while driving back the rebels. 
 
 MAJ.-GBN. GEORGE A. McOALL. 
 The organization of the thirteen Pennsylvania Reserve 
 regiments was due to a distinguished citizen of Chester 
 County, George A. McCall. Immediately after the pas- 
 sage of the act creating the Reserve Corps, Governor Cur- 
 
 tin invited him to accept the position of major-general pro- 
 vided for in the law. He accepted, and was confirmed a 
 major-general of Pennsylvania troops by the Senate on May 
 16, 1861, and on the same day entered upon his duties as 
 commander of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. Its his- 
 tory and his in the field of battle in defense of the Union 
 form part of the brightest of our country's military annals. 
 General MoCall was born in Philadelphia, March 16, 1802, 
 aud graduated at West Point Military Academy, 1822. 
 In 1831 he was appointed assistant adjutant-general on 
 the staff of Maj.-Gen. Gaines, then commanding the 
 Western Department of the United States. In 1836 he 
 was promoted to a. captaincy in the Fourth United States 
 Infantry. He served with his regiment in the war against 
 the Florida Indians, and was recommended by Gen. 
 Worth for the brevet of major, " for gallant conduct in the 
 battle of Pelalicaha." In the Mexican war Capt. McCall 
 participated in the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la 
 Palma, and received the brevets of major and lieutenant- 
 colonel, "for gallant and distinguished services" in these 
 battles. The citizens of Philadelphia also acknowledged his 
 conduct by presenting to him an elegantly-mounted sword. 
 At the close of the war Lieut.-Col. McCall re- 
 signed his commission as staff assistant adjutant-general, 
 and crossed the Atlantic to spend a year in Europe, in 
 hope of regaining his health, which had been seriously 
 impaired during the campaign in Mexico. While in Eng- 
 land, and also on the Continent, he obtained permission 
 from the authorities to visit the military schools, fortifica- 
 tions, camps, barracks, and hospitals, and thus in his tour 
 acquired much useful knowledge, which subsequently he 
 put into practice. On his return he took command of the 
 Third Regiment Unitgd States Infantry, stationed at Santa 
 Fe. He prepared, by order of the War Department, a 
 historical sketch of the newly-acquired territory, which 
 was published by order of Congress. In 1850 he was ap- 
 pointed inspector-general of the United States army, with 
 the rank of colonel of cavalry. Having made inspections 
 of the troops and military posts in New Mexico, California, 
 and Oregon, Col. McCall found his health again failing, 
 and therefore, in April, 1853, resigned his commission and 
 retired from the service. After leaving the army he de- 
 voted much of his time to scientific pursuits, and made 
 numerous valuable contributions to natural history. In 
 1855 he removed from his residence in Philadelphia to a 
 farm in Chester County, where, in retirement, enjoying the 
 society of his family and friends, he remained until the 
 bombardment of Fort Sumter. Immediately thereafter, 
 in April, 1861, Governor Curtin summoned Col. Mc- 
 Call to Harrisburg, to advise with him on the military or- 
 ganization of Pennsylvania. While at the capital he was 
 unanimously elected colonel of the Tenth Regiment of 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers. Having declined the position, 
 he was, on May 15th, appointed by the Governor major- 
 general of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. Without 
 delay he entered upon the work of organizing fifteen 
 regiments of troops, in the manner provided by law, and 
 Elbridge McConkey, of West Chester, who had just gradu-, 
 ated from Harvard University, was appointed one of his, 
 aides-de-camp. 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 137 
 
 COL. CHARLES FREDERICK TAYLOR, 
 
 colonel of the Buektail Regiment (Forty-second), was bom 
 in West Chester, Feb. 6, 1840. He spent the early part 
 of his life on his father's farm, near Kennet Square, and 
 was a pupil in the village school. He made rapid progress 
 in the study of the classics and the French language, and 
 in his sixteenth year entered the university at Ann Arbor, 
 Mich. In the following year he accompanied his brother, 
 the renowned Bayard, and his two sisters, on a tour through 
 Europe. The party sailed from New York in July, 1856, 
 landed in England, and after visiting places of note on the 
 island, the tourists crossed over to the Continent and trav- 
 eled through France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. 
 The younger brother, with his sisters, then settled at 
 Lausanne, whilst Bayard Taylor made his celebrated jour- 
 ney to Sweden and Lapland. In the spring of 1857, 
 Charles Frederick Taylor left Lausanne with his sisters, 
 and proceeded to Gotha, for the purpose of studying the 
 German language, and in June of the same year returned 
 to America. In addition to having acquired the ability to 
 speak the French and German languages with unusual 
 facility, he experienced great improvement in his health, 
 which up to that time had been feeble. In the fall he 
 returned to Ann Arbor to resume his studies, with the noble 
 ambition of becoming a thorough scholar. Private reasons, 
 however, induced him in the following summer to return 
 to Kennet Square, to assume the management of his 
 father's farm. He entered with great energy and enthu- 
 siasm upon his new occupation, adopting new and improved 
 agricultural processes with prospect of speedy success. 
 But when the President's call for troops, immediately after 
 the attack on Fort Sumter, roused the nation, our young 
 hero dropped all his plans, summoned the young men of 
 the neighborhood together at Kennet Square, drew up a 
 volunteer pledge, and placed his name at the head of the 
 list. In three days a sufificient number had enrolled their 
 names to form a company, which unanimously chose young 
 Taylor as their captain. Without waiting to correspond 
 with the State authorities to ask acceptance for his com- 
 pany, Capt. Taylor took the men to Harrisburg, and had 
 them incorporated into the Buektail Regiment. From that 
 time forth his history was that of his regiment. He was 
 captured at Harrisonburg whilst generously attempting to 
 Carry from the field his superior officer ; he was paroled in 
 August, and returned to the command at Sharpsburg. 
 After the battle of Antietam, Capt. Taylor was promoted 
 to the colonelcy of the Buektail Regiment, to fill the 
 vacancy occasioned by the death of Col. McNeil. Col. 
 Taylor was the youngest man holding a colonel's commis- 
 sion in the Army of the Potomac, and Gen. Meade, a man 
 from whom only the highest merit elicited praise, pro- 
 nounced him one of the most promising young officers in 
 the service. The conspicuous gallantry of the young 
 Colonel attracted the fire of the enemy, and he fell mortally 
 wounded, whilst leading his regiment in the desperate 
 charge made by the First Brigade, July 2, 1863, at Get- 
 tysburg. He was in the advance of his column, waving 
 his sword, and calling out to them, " Come on, boys ! we'll 
 take them all prisoners;" but scarcely had the words es- 
 caped his lips when he fell, shot through the heart by a 
 18 
 
 rebel sharpshooter. The remains of Col. Taylor were 
 carried to his father's house, and wore interred in Long- 
 wood Cemetery. A beautiful monument, subscribed for 
 principally by the surviving officers and men of his regi- 
 ment, was erected over his grave. At this writing his 
 venerable father, former high sheriflf of Chester County, 
 and his aged mother both live in Kennet Square. 
 
 FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 
 
 At Camp Curtin, Sept. 14, 1861, this regiment was 
 organized with William H. Irwin, of Mifflin County, colonel. 
 Companies A and G were recruited in Centre County, B and 
 F in Chester, C and D in Hundingdon, E, H, and K in 
 Mifflin, and I in Juniata. On the 22d it moved to Wash- 
 ington, where it was assigned to Hancock's brigade of 
 Smith's division. It participated in the hard-fought bat- 
 tles of Williamsburg, — where, on the field, its colonel re- 
 ceived the thanks of Gens. Hancock and McClellan for 
 the magnificent conduct of his regiment, the latter saying, 
 " No men could have done better," — Chancellorsville, Rap- 
 pahannock Station, Spottsylvania Court-house, and Win- 
 chester. Besides, it was engaged with honor in many 
 skirmishes, marches, etc., and was mustered out at Wash- 
 ington, D. C, July 15, 1865. For a sketch of Col. Geo. 
 F. Smith, who for a time commanded a company in this 
 regiment, see biographical department. 
 
 FIFTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 The first colonel of this regiment was John B. Brooke, 
 of Pottstown, through whose exertions mainly it was or- 
 ganized. Company A was recruited in Chester County, B 
 in Chester and Montgomery, and the others in various parts 
 of the State. It took a prominent part in the engagement 
 at Fair Oaks, fought from the Chickahominy to the James 
 River, participated in the battle of Fredericksburg, served 
 in the Wilderness campaign, and after a brilliant record 
 from its organization in the fall of 1861, it was mustered 
 out June 30, 1865, having veteranized and done valiant 
 service. 
 
 SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 This regiment, originally known as the California Regi- 
 ment, was organized by Col. E. D. Baker, United States 
 senator, who commanded it until he was killed at Ball's 
 Bluif, Va., Oct. 21, 1861. It was honorably engaged in 
 the battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and 
 in the Peninsula and Mine Run campaigns. Parts of Com- 
 panies H and K were recruited in Chester County. 
 
 EIGHTIETH REGIMENT (SEVENTH CAVALRY). 
 This regiment, in which Chester County officers and men 
 also figure, was raised in the fall of 1861, served in Ten- 
 nessee, was under Gen. Buell, then under Gen. Rosecrans, 
 and participated in the battles of Stone River, Shelbyville, 
 Selma, and Columbus. Its service was in the Southwest, 
 where it won distinction. 
 
 NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 Near the close of July, 1861, Henry R. Guss, a citizen 
 of West Chester, who had commanded a company in the 
 Ninth Regiment of the three months' service, received au- 
 thority from the Secretary of War to recruit a regiment 
 
138 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 for three years. Enrolling was immediately commenced, 
 and in two months' time its ranks were full. Companies 
 D, G, and I were principally from Delaware County, and 
 the remaining seven from Chester. The companies ren- 
 dezvoused at Camp Wayne, near the borough of West 
 Chester, where its organization was effected. Clothing, 
 arms, and equipments were furnished from the arsenal in 
 Philadelphia, and the drill and discipline of the command 
 was commenced. An excellent band, consisting of twenty- 
 two members, was attached to it. The citizens of Chester 
 County contributed freely of whatever could add to the 
 health and comfort of the men. On the 12th of November, 
 Governor Curtin, accompanied by his staff, visited the 
 camp, and presented the State colors, in presence of a great 
 . concourse of people, delivering an eloquent address, which 
 was responded to by Adjt. H. W. Carruthers in behalf of 
 the regiment. On November 15th final marching orders 
 came, and early on the morning of the 16th the regiment 
 marched out of Camp Wayne, and passed through the 
 principal streets of West Chester to the depot of the West 
 Chester and Philadelphia Railroad. Passing along the 
 route, the citizens and friends of the regiment thronged 
 the sidewalks, crowding the way, eager to (.ress through to 
 give a last embrace and adieu to near and dear ones. From 
 the windows waved the hands and banners of many fair 
 ones, who scattered bouquets and flowers as they bade their 
 adieus and God-speed. The scene was imposing and im- 
 pressive as the march continued. On Church Street a halt 
 was made to partake of a lunch of coffee and sandwiches, 
 provided by the citizens. All along the route to the depot 
 the sway of greeting hands, waving of handkerchiefs, and 
 the murmur of thousands of voices, mingled in last partings, 
 found at length its culmination, breaking forth in hearty 
 cheers for the " Boys in Blue" as the train took its departure 
 at 11.20 A.M. Many of its men had served in the three 
 months' campaign, and some had had the drill and experi- 
 ence and discipline as members of militia or military com- 
 panies previous to the war. The larger number, however, 
 were without former military training, young men of the 
 best families of Chester County, who enlisted from a sense 
 of duty to their government in its impending danger, — 
 earnest, conscientious young men of most excellent charac- 
 ter and promise, the sons of most worthy citizens. This 
 favorite regiment of Chester County made a most gallant 
 and honorable record, one ever to be remembered as glo- 
 rious and bright in its patriotic annals. It reached Wash- 
 ington City, and proceeded to Portress Monroe, going into 
 camp near the ruins of the village of Hampton. Soon 
 after it went to Port Royal, S. C, later to Warsaw Sound, 
 Ga., and Plorida. It participated in the South Carolina 
 campaign, and under Gen. Gillmore was engaged in the as- 
 sault to capture Fort Wagner. It again served in Florida, 
 garrisoning the fort at Fernandina and the works at Port 
 Clinch. On April 23, 1864, it was ordered to Fortress 
 Monroe to reinforce the Army of the James under Gen. 
 Benjamin F. Butler, in whose expedition and advance upon 
 Richmond it was engaged, and participated in severe fighting 
 before Petersburg. It particularly distinguished itself in 
 the assault on the rebel Fort Gilmore, where Col. Penny- 
 packer led his brigade on the right of the assaulting column. 
 
 It accompanied the expeditions of Gen. Butler and Com. 
 Porter against Port Fisher, N. C. It subsequently accomr 
 panied Gen. Terry's expedition against this fort, and was 
 engaged in its capture, which was effected after the most 
 desperate fighting in the annals of this war. Hand-tOr 
 hand fighting of the most fearful character there took place 
 and for seven long hours the two armies fought inside the 
 fort, and not until ten o'clock at night were the rebels fi- 
 nally subdued and forced to surrender. The regimenj; here 
 lost four killed and thirty-seven wounded, among the latter 
 Col. Galusha Pennypacker, commanding Second Brigade. 
 It was at the capture of Wilmington, N. C, on Feb. 22, 
 1865, and remained in North Carolina until August 26th, 
 when it was mustered out at Weldon. Isaiah Price, who 
 recruited Company C of this regiment, of which he was 
 subsequently major, published in 1875 a very elaborate and 
 complete history of this regiment in an elegant volume of 
 over six hundred pages, in which is eloquently detailed its 
 origin, marches, fighting, full history of the oflBeers, and 
 much other data of great value to the historical and mili- 
 tary annals of this county. 
 
 PEKSONNBL OF THE FIELD- AND STAFF-OFFICERS. 
 
 Henry Ruhl Gtrss, colonel of the Ninety-seventh Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers, brevet brigadier-general and brevet 
 major-gen ei-al, United States volunteers, was born July 28, 
 1825, at Chester Springs, Chester County. His father, 
 Samuel Guss, also a native of this county, was of German 
 descent, born July 4, 1796. In 1836 he removed to West 
 Chester, where he remained until his death. May 11, 1859. 
 He became a large property-holder, and added much to the 
 improvement of that part of the town known as South 
 Walnut Street, and was well known throughout the county, 
 and held in high esteem. Henry R. Guss received his ed- 
 ucation at the neighboring day schools, and at Joshua 
 Hoopes' academy, in West Chester, and it embraced all 
 the branches of a liberal English education. Upon the 
 organization of that well-known and favorite volunteer 
 company, the National Guards, of West Chester, in 1846, 
 he was one of its first members On Sept. 11, 1854, 
 he was commissioned by Governor William Bigler as first 
 lieutenant of the company, and on June 6, 1859, he be- 
 came its commanding officer, receiving his commission from 
 Governor William F. Packer. He continued in command 
 of this company until the Rebellion occured, and with it he 
 then entered the three months' service. The organization 
 was well disciplined, and was one of the best military com- 
 panies in the State. Every member of the company who 
 was physically able entered the army at the outbreak of the 
 late Rebellion, and all who remained in service during the 
 three years' term became officers. On April 21, 1861, six 
 days after the President's call for troops, Col. Guss left West 
 Chester for Harrisburg, with over three hundred as effective 
 men as could be raised in Chester County. Three companies 
 were formed of their number, and assigned to the Ninth 
 Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, being designated as 
 A, E, and F, of the first of which he was captain. The 
 commissioned and non-commissioned officers of these three 
 companies were mainly selected from the National Guards. 
 He was offered a position as colonel of another regiment, 
 
llllillllllllilllllilllllill lliilliililLiiBl iiHIHi iLliaiiiiaii 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 139 
 
 but declined acceptance, desiring to remain with tlie men 
 he had brought into the service. On July 25, 1861, he 
 received his commission as colonel, with^ authority from the 
 Secretary of War to raise a regiment for the three years' 
 service in the (then) Seventh Congressional District, com- 
 posed of Chester and Delaware, which he did, viz., the 
 glorious Ninety-seventh. It is sufficient testimony to the 
 courage and ability of Col. Guss to know that he was se- 
 lected by Gen. Gillmore "to lead the "forlorn hope" in the 
 final assault on Forts Wagner and Gregg, on the morning 
 of Sept. 7, 1863, the storming-party to consist of the 
 Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers and the Third 
 New Hampshire, both of his brigade. He was highly com- 
 plimented by Gens. Gillmore and Terry for his prompt- 
 ness and gallantry in leading his command to the attack, 
 the evacuation not being discovered until his forces reached 
 the parapet of the works. On June 2, 1864, Col. Guss 
 tendered his resignation to the commanding general, on 
 account of the manifest injustice exhibited towards him by 
 a commanding officer, and received notice of its acceptance 
 on the 23d. It would not be proper to give in detail an ac- 
 count of the want of fairness with which this faithful and 
 efficient officer was persistently treated during most of the 
 period subsequent to iiis resuming command of the brigade 
 at Drury's Bluff, May lith. It culminated in his being re- 
 lieved of his command on the march to Cold Harbor, June 
 4th, under circbmstances indicating the determination ar- 
 rived at to fill his place with a personal favorite, his junior in 
 rank and inferior in qualification,- under whose command 
 Col. Guss was ordered to resume the command of his 
 regiment. Conscious of the undeserved humiliation in- 
 tended, self-respect demanded that he adopt the ooly course 
 left him consistent with his untarnished honor. Before 
 parting with their beloved colonel and brigade commander, 
 the officers of his regiment united in a testimonial, expres- 
 sive of their regard and sincere regret, yet recognizing the 
 necessity of the course determined upon as the only one 
 possible under the circumstances. 
 
 Galusha Pennypacker, colonel of the Ninety-seventh 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, brigadier-general and brevet 
 major-general, United States volunteers, colonel Sixteenth 
 Infantry, United Stales army, and brevet brigadier-general 
 and brevet major-general, United States army, was born 
 June 1, 18-12, in Chester County, at the historic locality 
 of Valley Forge, in a house occupied by Gen. Wash- 
 ington during a portion of the time his troops were en- 
 camped in that vicinity. Joseph J. Pennypacker, the 
 father of Galusha, served as volunteer aide-de-camp upon 
 the staff of Maj.-Gen. Worth during the Mexican war, after 
 which he became a resident of California. The mother 
 of Col. Pennypacker was Tamson A. Workizer, a lady 
 of wealth and many accomplishments, the only daughter 
 of John and Sarah A. Workizer, of Valley Forge. She 
 died when her son and only child, Galusha, was three years 
 old. The latter's boyhood was passed on a farm near 
 Phoenixville, Pa., under the care of his paternal grand- 
 mother, Elizabeth F. Pennypacker, whose faithful training 
 and guardianship contributed largely to qualify him for the 
 eminent service he has rendered his country. He received 
 a liberal academical education in Chester County, and en- 
 
 tered the office of the Chester County Times, at West Chester, 
 to learn the printing business, with a view towards an edi- 
 torial career. His youthful tastes and natural bent being 
 towards a military life, he had, while a printer-boy, joined 
 the volunteer military company of National Guards, at 
 West Chester, commanded by Capt. H. R. Guss, which 
 was one of the first to respond to the call of the President 
 for troops. The drill and discipline of this company, 
 through the eSbrts of its commander, had reached a point 
 of excellence second to none in the State. Pennypacker, 
 therefore, soon became thoroughly proficient in the various 
 movements, evolutions, and discipline requisite to the per- 
 fection of soldierly training. When the news of the firing 
 upon Fort Sumter reached West Chester, that locality 
 shared in the general uprising of a loyal people in defense 
 of nationality. Young Pennypacker, then in his nineteenth 
 year, and about to commence the study of the law, was one 
 of the number who marched with Capt. Henry R. Guss' 
 company to Harrisbiirg, having previously been appointed 
 a sergeant in the National Guards. Upon the organization 
 of the Ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers at Harrisburg, Scrgt. 
 Pennypacker was appointed quartermaster-sergeant of the 
 same, declining the first lieutenantcy of Company A on ac- 
 count of his youth, which position his company had elected 
 him to fill, and was regimental quartermaster during most of 
 the three months' service. He brought to the discharge of 
 his position such admirable administrative ability and atten- 
 tion as elicited approbation from the entire command. As 
 has been before narrated in this chapter, on the organization 
 of the Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers he became 
 captain of Company A, and his after brilliant career is 
 known to the world. Gen. Pennypacker immortalized 
 himself at the capture of Fort Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, 
 1865, in which terrific battle he added new laurels to those 
 he had received and won in many previous hard-fought 
 engagements. He commanded the Second Brigade of First 
 Division, and was severely (supposed mortally) wounded 
 while leading his brigade over the parapet, with the colors 
 of the Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers in his 
 hands. When brought off on a stretcher he refused to 
 leave until he had seen Gen. Terry, who went to see him. 
 Pennypacker then pointed to the foremost flag on the 
 traverses, and wished Gen. Terry to "take notice that that 
 was the flag of the Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania." At the 
 close of the war, Nov. 10, 1865, when able to travel, he 
 came to West Chester, and received the grandest welcome 
 given by the Chester County people to any man since the 
 visit of Lafayette in 1825. Gen. Pennypacker was the first 
 officer in the Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers to 
 be mustered into the service of the United States, and the 
 last of the original officers of the regiment to leave the 
 service, having been continuously in the army a few days 
 over five years. During that time he was wounded seven 
 times in eight months, and within one year received five 
 promotions. He was the youngest general officer who 
 served in the army during the Rebellion, having been con- 
 firmed a brigadier and brevet major-general at the age of 
 twenty-two. His scars, wounds, and sufferings (continued 
 to this day) are a part of that sacred price of the cost of 
 American freedom and of the perpetuity of our Union, 
 
140 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 and the name of Galusha Pennypacker will remain in- 
 separable from the history of our land, engraven as it is in 
 the hearts of all who treasure the deeds of her heroes. 
 
 John Wainwright, colonel of the Ninety-seventh Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers, was the son of Samuel F. Wainwright, 
 a native of Rahway, N. J., but at the time of the birth of 
 his son, July 13, 1839, a resident of Syracuse, N. Y. His 
 mother's maiden name was Maria Humphrey. He was 
 educated in the public schools of New York City, and in 
 1853 he removed with his parents to Delaware, where he 
 learned coach and ornamental painting. At the breaking 
 out of the Rebellion he was engaged at his occupation at 
 West Chester. He enlisted April 18, 1861, as a private in 
 Company Gr, Second Pennsylvania Volunteers, for the three 
 mouths' service, and served with Gen. Patterson's com- 
 mand in Maryland, principally in the Shenandoah Valley, 
 Martinsburg, Charlestown, Harper's Ferry, and vicinity. 
 On September 23d he joined Company F, Ninety-seventh 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, was appointed first sergeant, and 
 rose to be colonel of the regiment, of which he was in 
 command when mustered out at Weldon, N. C, Aug. 28, 
 1865. He was wounded at James' Island, S. C, June 9, 
 1862, and while leading the regiment in the final assault 
 and capture of Fort Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, 1865, received 
 a slight wound in the right shoulder from a spent grape- 
 shot. He is now residing in Wilmington, Del., engaged in 
 the mercantile business. 
 
 Augustus P. Duer, lieutenant-colonel of the Ninety- 
 seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, is the son of the late 
 distinguished lawyer, John Duer, Esq., of the Chester 
 County bar, to which he was admitted about 1804. Col. 
 Duer is a lineal descendant of Lord Stirling, of Revolu- 
 tionary fame. He entered the United States Military 
 Academy at West Point July 1, 1837, being then nine- 
 teen years and three months old. Among his classmates 
 there were the noted Union Gens. Rodman, Tower, Lyon, 
 Wright, Brannan, John F. Reynolds, Hamilton, Sulley, 
 Buell, and Brookes. He remained at the academy four 
 years, receiving a thorough military training, although he 
 resigned without graduating. He was subsequently en- 
 gaged in business as a civil engineer, being first employed 
 in building a railroad to open up the coal deposits on Broad 
 Mountain, the road running from the Susquehanna River 
 up Clark's Creek to the mountain, afterwards in locating 
 and building the West Chester and Philadelphia Railroad, 
 and still later was engaged upon the Hannibal and St. Jo- 
 seph Railroad, in Missouri. On Oct. 7, 1861, he was ap- 
 pointed lieutenant-colonel of the Ninety-seventh Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers, and held this position, with credit to him- 
 self and the service, until the impaired condition of his 
 health compelled him to resign, in March, 1864, when he 
 was honorably discharged. In 1865 he became engaged 
 in mining operations in Colorado, where he remained some 
 years, and then returned to his home at Atglen, where he 
 continues to reside. 
 
 George W. Hawkins, lieutenant-colonel of the Ninety- 
 seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, was born in Chester, Dela- 
 ware Co., Nov. 18, 1817. April 25, 1861, he enrolled his 
 name in the Washington Grays, of Philadelphia, which be- 
 came Company A in the Seventeenth Pennsylvania Volun- 
 
 teers, three months' service. He recruited Company I in the 
 Ninety-seventh, of which he was captain. At Wier Bot- 
 tom Church, Aug. 25, 1864, he commanded a detachment 
 of the regiment, and was ordered to advance and. re-estab- 
 lish the line at a point where the enemy had succeeded in 
 breaking it. This he did with a promptness and success 
 that received the commendation of those who witnessed 
 the movement. Through all these engagements he was 
 carried in safety, until the day of the expiration of the 
 term of his service, and upon which he was to have been 
 mustered out. On that morning at Darbytown, Va., he led 
 the regiment in action, and fell, severely wounded in the leg. 
 After being removed from the field, amputation was per- 
 formed in the field-hospital, hut he died soon after the opera- 
 tion, on the morning of the 28th. He was immediately 
 buried near the battle-field, but subsequently the body was 
 disinterred, embalmed, and sent to his family. Upon receiv- 
 ing information of his death, Governor Curtin immediately 
 issued a commission as lieutenant-colonel, and forwarded it 
 to his family, in recognition of the gallant services which 
 had cost his life. 
 
 William Henry Martin, lieutenant-colonel of the 
 Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, was born in Alle- 
 ghany City, Pa., April 25, 1841, anc^ was the son of Wil- 
 liam Martin, a native of Western Pennsylvania, who died in 
 Philadelphia, Dec. 31 , 1879, in the eightieth year of his age. 
 His mother, Catharine Amanda Pierce, died'at Parkesburg, 
 Chester Co., July 12, 1857, leaving a family of six chil- 
 dren. The family had removed to Chester County when 
 William was about two years old, and continued to reside 
 in the western section of it, and in adjacent portions of 
 Lancaster County, until the Rebellion occurred. Three 
 brothers enlisted, William entering the three months' ser- 
 vice as a private in Company A, Ninth Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteers. His two brothers served in Company I, Seventh 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Reserves, and were captured at the 
 battle of the Wilderness. The eldest. Gamier P. Martin, 
 died of starvation in the horrid prison-pen at Anderson- 
 ville, Ga., and George, the youngest, was paroled about the 
 same time, and reached home a mere skeleton, — the shadow 
 of a man. William H. enlisted as a private in Company 
 A, Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was suc- 
 cessively promoted until June 1, 1865, when he was made 
 lieutenant-colonel, but not mustered. Since the war he 
 has resided in Raleigh, N. C, where, on Nov. 16, 1865, he 
 was married to Miss Mattie Louisa Kirham. 
 
 Isaiah Price, major of the Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, and brevet colonel United States volunteers, 
 was born May 20, 1822, in East Bradford township, Chester 
 County. His school education was received at the neighbor- 
 hood schools, — Mr. Bolmar's academy and Friends' Select 
 School, at West Chester, — and at an academy in Byberry, 
 Pa., under the care of John G. Lewis. He graduated in 
 1854 at the Philadelphia College of Dental Surgery, and 
 entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1846 he 
 married Lydia, daughter of Jacob Heald, of Hockessin, 
 Del., and settled in West Chester. He served with rare 
 gallantry, was wounded in action at Green Plains, Bermuda 
 Hundred, Va., May 20, 1864, and was mustered out at the 
 expiration of his three years' term. He was a splendid 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 141 
 
 soldier, as is attested by the following language of Gen. 
 Pennypacker: "There never was, or. could be, an officer 
 more willing and anxious to hold himself up to the strict, 
 stern, and varied requirements of his official duty than 
 is Maj. Price." 
 
 Henry W. Carruthers, first lieutenant and adjutant 
 of Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, acting assistant 
 adjutant-general. First Brigade, Second Division, Tenth 
 Corps, captain Company C, Ninety-seventh Regiment, was 
 born in Lawrenceville, III, Nov. 5, 1835. His father, 
 Greorge W. Carruthers, was a promising young lawyer of 
 that place, who died while Henry was a child. His mother, 
 Jemima P. Carruthers, then returned to Pennsylvania, her 
 native State. At the age of fourteen years her son Henry 
 was put apprentice to his uncle, Hon. Henry S. Evans, editor 
 of the Village Record, West Chester, Pa., to learn the 
 printing business, where he remained until he attained his 
 twenty-first year, becoming an excellent printer and an 
 efficient assistant in conducting the business of the office. 
 At the end of his apprenticeship he entered upon the study 
 of law with Joseph Hemphill, Esq., in West Chester ; was 
 admitted to the bar of the courts of Chester and Delaware 
 Counties in February, 1858, and practiced the law until 
 the spring of 1861, when, the Rebellion having culminated 
 in the attack upon Fort Sumter, he joined the ardent and 
 patriotic young men of West Chester in raising troops 
 to support the government. He had previously become a 
 citizen-soldier as a member of the National Guards, and was 
 now commissioned first lieutenant in the Ninety-seventh 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, and mustered into the United 
 States service Sept. 11, 1861, having before served as a 
 private in the Ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers (three months' 
 service). He was made adjutant of the regiment. In the 
 action at Deep Bottom and Malvern Hill, Aug. 14 and 15, 
 1864, and on the 16th, at Strawberry Plains, Va., he 
 was engaged with his regiment. In the latter fight he was 
 mortally wounded by a minie-ball passing through the 
 lumbar vertebras, severing the spinal cord. He was borne 
 off the field by his comrades, and was sent to the Chesa- 
 peake Hospital, at Fortress Monroe. He died Aug. 22, 
 1864, in the twenty-ninth year of his age. The Chester 
 County Bar, at a meeting on Aug. 25, 1864, adopted 
 resolutions lamenting his death, and expressive of his great 
 ability and brave loyalty, and added that he was the fifth 
 martyr from its bar, and that it would fondly associate his 
 name with the honored names of Bell, Roberts, Molntire, 
 and Nields, who had before given their lives to their country 
 on the battle-field. 
 
 Dr. John Rospell Everhart, surgeon of the Ninety- 
 seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and brevet lieutenant- 
 colonel. United States volunteers, comes of Revolutionary 
 stock, both of his grandfathers having been soldiers in 
 Washington's army. He was born in West Chester in 
 1828, received his early education at the old academy, and 
 graduated at Princeton College, N. J., in 1850. He then 
 entered upon the study of medicine, and three years later 
 received a physician's diploma from the University of Penn- 
 sylvania. He soon afterwards went to Paris, in order to 
 further prosecute his studies in medicine and surgery under 
 the most eminent professors of that city, and, returning 
 
 home, he acquired an actiVe practice. Appointed surgeon 
 of the Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, during his 
 three and a half years' service he earned the approbation 
 of both officers and men through his diligence, skill, and 
 courage in attending the wounded on the field and the sick 
 in the hospitals, especially during the prevalence of yellow 
 fever among the troops at Hilton Head, S. C, in 1862, 
 where, owing to his care and skill in treatment and prompt 
 and efficient sanitary regulations, the disease was quickly 
 subdued within the limits of his command. At that post 
 he was appointed a member of the board of medical ex- 
 aminers for the Department of the South by Maj.-Gen. 
 Hunter. He continued upon duty after the expiration of 
 his three years' term, until the close of active operations 
 north of the James River, and was then mustered out of 
 service at Chapin's Farm, Va., having served three years 
 and three months. During the summer of 1872 he visited 
 Europe, in company with Maj.-Gen. Galusha Pennypacker, 
 and together they traveled extensively through Great 
 Britain and upon the Continent. 
 
 Rev. William M. Whitehead, M.D., chaplain of the 
 Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, was born Dec. 
 12, 1823, in Philadelphia. At the age of sixteen he ex- 
 perienced strong religious convictions, and was baptized at 
 Kaighn's Point. He was educated at Madison University, 
 N. Y., and his ordination to the work of the ministry took 
 place in the Calvary Church in 1850. The Beulah Church, 
 Chester County, was the scene of his earliest ministerial 
 labors. In 1852 he assumed the charge of the Frankford 
 Church, where he labored seven years with great accept- 
 ance. In 1858 he removed to Great Valley, Chester 
 County. This pastorate he resigned after four years to 
 accept the chaplaincy of the Ninety-seventh Regiment, in 
 November, 1861. He continued with the regiment during 
 most of the year 1862, but, his health becoming impaired, 
 he resigned, and was honorably discharged Aug. 20, 1862. 
 In April, 1863, he settled in MoKeesport, Alleghany Co., 
 Pa., and in 1866 he accepted the call of the New Britain 
 Church, in the eastern section of the State. A growing 
 family and an inadequate salary prompted him to pursue a 
 course of medical studies preparatory to practice in the 
 healing art. He entered in 1871 upon his joint duties as 
 pastor and physician in Woodbury, N. J. He had at in- 
 tervals suffered from a return of chronic diarrhoea, con- 
 tracted in the service. This now increasing, he was pros- 
 trated on a bed of pain ; after lingering many mouths he 
 died Jan. 30, 1873, and was buried at Great Valley 
 church. 
 
 ELEVENTH CAVALRY. 
 
 The Eleventh Cavalry, originally known as " Harlan's 
 Light Cavalry," was raised as an independent regiment in 
 August and September, 1861, by Col. Joshua Harlan, of 
 Philadelphia, under special authority from the Secretary of 
 War, under which companies were raised in different States, 
 Co. A being from Iowa, portions of E and P from New 
 York, a part of I from New Jersey, M from .Ohio, and the 
 remainder from Pennsylvania. Co. B was from Chester 
 County. This regiment served with distinction in the 
 Army of the James, was engaged in many expeditions, and 
 fought in numerous severe battles and engagements. 
 
142 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Regiment 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers (nine months' service), Compa- 
 nies A, C, E, F, G, I, and K were recruited in Chester 
 County, and the three remaining companies in Delaware 
 County. They rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, near Har- 
 risburg, but before an organization could be effected they 
 were ordered to' Washington, and proceeded thither Aug. 
 12, 1862, under command of the senior captain, Joseph 
 W. Hawley. Upon their arrival they went into camp near 
 Fort Albany, and on the 17th the regimental organization 
 was effected. This regiment, though but a brief period in 
 service, made an honorable history, and was nobly engaged 
 in two great battles, — Antietam, in September, 1862, and 
 Chancellorsville, in April and May following. At the 
 former it lost fifty in killed and wounded, and of the latter 
 was Col. Hawley, its commander. It was mustered out 
 May 17, 1863, at Harrisburg. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 
 
 The One Hundred and Seventy-fifth Regiment Infantry, 
 Pennsylvania Drafted Militia (nine months' service), was 
 composed of eight companies from Chester County and two 
 from Montgomery. The camp of rendezvous was in West 
 Philadelphia, where the companies assembled in November, 
 1862, and a regimental organization was effected. On De- 
 cember 1st the regiment broke camp and moved, via Wash- 
 ington, to Fortress Monroe, and thence to Suffolk, Va., where 
 it was made apart of the brigade commanded by Col. Alfred 
 Gibbs. After a month's incessant drill, the regiment was 
 transferred to the brigade of Gen. F. B. Spinola, and 
 moved with other troops, during the closing days of the 
 year, to Newbern, N. C, and went into winter quarters. 
 Spinola's brigade here became the First of the Fifth Di- 
 vision, Gen. Henry Prince, Eighteenth Corps, Gen. Foster. 
 In March, 1863, when the enemy were threatening New- 
 bern, N. C, this regiment threw up a strong line of earth- 
 works on the south side of the river Trent, and joined in 
 repelling the attack, which was sluggishly made, on the 
 town. It also made several expeditions in search of Col. 
 Woodford's giierrillas, but never succeeded in inducing 
 them to risk a fight. After retiring from Newbern, the 
 enemy proceeded to Washington, on the Tar River, and 
 laid siege to the town. The defense was conducted by 
 Gen. Foster in person, the little garrison consisting of 
 about two thousand men. From Newbern to Washington 
 direct was about thirty miles, but by water one hundred 
 and twenty. Prince's division at once moved by water to 
 the relief of Foster. Eight miles below the town. Prince 
 found his way impeded by obstructions in the river, here a 
 mile wide, and by heavy guns in earthworks on either side. 
 A year before, when Burnside made his descent upon the 
 coast, the enemy had driven three lines of piles across the 
 stream, and erected heavy bomb-proofs to command the 
 passage. When the Union forces got possession, they con- 
 tented themselves with opening a narrow way through the 
 piles, and left the bomb-proofs unharmed. When the 
 enemy came again, he had but to occupy them. An at- 
 tempt was made by the gunboats to reduce these defenses, 
 but, failing in this, the One Hundred and Seventy-fifth 
 
 Regiment was put upon a transport in tow of the gunboat 
 " Whitehead," and with other troops moved up to pass the 
 obstructions, but before reaching them it was signaled to 
 retire. Prince subsequently abandoned further attempts at 
 relief and returned to Newbern. A force under Gen. Spi- 
 nola, of which the One Hundred and Seventy-fifth formed 
 a part, which moved overland with the same object, was 
 alike unsuccessful, meeting the enemy in force at Blount's 
 Creek. The rebels, finding all attempts to reduce the place 
 fruitless, and seeing a heavy force under Foster, who had 
 escaped from the besieged town, gathering for a descent 
 upon their rear, raised the siege. Spinola's brigade was 
 then ordered to Washington, and a part of the One Hun- 
 dred and Seventy-fifth, under Lieut.-Col. Hooton, was 
 posted at Fort Hill, and the other, under Maj. Smith, at an 
 earthwork at Rodman's Point, Col. Dyer having been ap- 
 pointed to a temporary command at Little Washington, 
 under Gen. Prince. The regiment remained in this posi- 
 tion for two months, and, this being a malarious district, it 
 lost many men by sickness, among them Lieuts. Evan 
 Shuler and John E. Miller. Near the close of June the 
 regiment was ordered north, and upon its arrival at Fort- 
 ress Monroe was designated to join in the force then or- 
 ganizing for a movement up the Peninsula. This order, 
 however, was countermanded, and it was sent to the upper 
 Potomac, to aid in intercepting the retreat of the rebel 
 army from Pennsylvania. Upon its arrival at Harper's 
 Ferry \t was stationed on Maryland Heights, whence, after 
 some delay and the final escape of Lee, it proceeded to 
 Frederick, Md. It subsequently marched to Sandy Hook, 
 where it was attached to Col. Wells' brigade of the Eighth 
 Corps. With it the regiment assisted in laying a pontoon- 
 bridge over the Potomac to the town of Harper's Ferry, 
 and, crossing, had a sharp skirmish with the Twelfth Vir- 
 ginia Cavalry, which was driven and the town occupied, 
 lis term of service had now expired, and, returning to 
 Philadelphia, it was, August, 1863, mustered out. Col. 
 Samuel A- Dyer, of Delaware County, was its commander. 
 
 MILITIA ORGANIZATIONS OF 1862. 
 
 The rebel army had no sooner achieved its triumph in 
 the second battle of Bull Run than it hastened northward 
 and commenced crossing the Potomac. The southern bor- 
 der of Pennsylvania lay in close proximity, all unprotected, 
 and by its rich harvests invited invasion. The Reserve 
 Corps, which was originally organized for the State defense, 
 had been called away to the succor of the pressed army of 
 McClellan upon the Peninsula, and was now upon the 
 weary march, with ranks sadly thinned in the hard-fought 
 battles of Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Charles City Cross- 
 roads, and the second Bull Run, to again meet the foe, but 
 powerless to avert the threatened danger. Therefore, on 
 the 4th of September, Governor Curtin issued a proclama- 
 tion calling on the people to arm and prepare for defense. 
 He recommended the immediate formation of companies 
 and regiments throughout the commonwealth, and, for the 
 purpose of drill and instruction, that after three P.M. of 
 each day all business houses be closed. On the 10th, the 
 danger having become imminent, the enemy being already 
 in Maryland, he issued a general order calling on all able- 
 
GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 143 
 
 bodied men to enroll immediately for the defense of the 
 State, and to hold themselves in readiness to march upon 
 an hour's notice ; to select officers, to provide themselves 
 with such arms as could be obtained, with sixty rounds of 
 ammunition to the man, tendering arms to such as had 
 none, and promising that they should be held for service 
 for such time only as the pressing exigency for State de- 
 fense should continue. On the following day, acting under 
 authority of the President of the United States, the Gov- 
 ernor called for fifty thousand men, directing them to report 
 by telegraph for orders to move, and adding that further 
 calls would be made as the exigencies should require. The 
 people everywhere flew to arms, and moved promptly to the 
 State capital. One regiment and eight compapies were 
 sent forward during the night of the 12th, and others fol- 
 lowed as fast as they could be organized. On the 14th the 
 head of the Army of the Potomac met the enemy at South 
 Mountain, and hurled him back through its passes, and on 
 the evening of the 16th and day of the 17th a fierce battle 
 was fought at Antietam. In the mean time the militia had 
 rapidly concentrated at Hagerstown and Chambersburg, and 
 Gen. John P. Reynolds, who was at the time commanding 
 a corps in the Army of the Potomac, had assumed com- 
 mand. Fifteen thousand men were pushed forward to 
 Hagerstown and Boonsboro', and a portion of them stood 
 in line of battle in close proximity to the field, in readiness 
 to advance, while the terrible fighting was in progress. Ten 
 thousand more were posted in the vicinity of Greencastie 
 and Chambersburg, and the Twenty-fifth Regiment was 
 sent to guard the Dupont powder-mills, where the national 
 armies were principally supplied. But the enemy was de- 
 feated at Antietam, and retreated in confusion across the 
 Potomac. The emergency having passed, the militia regi- 
 ments were ordered to return to Harrisburg, and, in accord- 
 ance with the conditions on which they had been called into 
 service, they were, on the 24th, mustered out and disbanded. 
 The organizations of 1862 of Pennsylvania militia were 
 not mustered in, but those of the year 1863 were. 
 
 EMERGENCY TROOPS AND MILITIA OF 1863. 
 
 The triumph of the rebel army at Fredericksburg, in De- 
 cember, 1862, and the still more signal success on the field of 
 Chancellorsville, in the beginning of May, 1863, embold- 
 ened the rebel leaders to again plan the invasion of the 
 North. The purpose, though obscurely hinted at in rebel 
 organs, was veiled in secrecy. When that army, flushed 
 with two victories and recruited to giant proportions, with- 
 drew from the Union front on the Rappahannock and be- 
 gan to move into the Shenandoah Valley, much solicitude 
 was felt to learn its destination, and serious apprehen- 
 sions were entertained for the safety of the border States. 
 Accordingly, as a precautionary measure, and that the 
 North might be prepared for the worst, tw6 new mili- 
 tary departments were established, that of the Mononga- 
 hela, embracing that portion of Pennsylvania west of Johns- 
 town and the Laurel Hill range, and portions of West 
 Virginia and Ohio, with headquarters at Pittsburgh ; and 
 that of the Susquehanna, comprising the remaining portion 
 of Pennsylvania, with headquarters at Harrisburg. The 
 officers in command issued orders calling on the people of 
 
 the State to volunteer, and to aid in this work. Governor 
 Curtin issued his proclamation of June 12th, inviting the 
 attention of the people to the orders of these two depart- 
 ment offices, saying that information had been obtained 
 that a large rebel force had been prepared to make a raid 
 into the State. It becoming daily more evident that the 
 enemy intended to cross the Potomac in force, on the 15th 
 the President called for one hundred thousand men to serve 
 for a period of six months, unless sooner discharged, from 
 the States of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Maryland, and West Vir- 
 ginia, fifty thousand being from the former. This call 
 was heralded by a proclamation from Governor Curtin, 
 calling upon all men capable of bearing arms to enroll them- 
 selves in military organizations, and to encourage others to 
 give aid and assistance to the efforts put forth for the pro- 
 tection of the State and country. Troops poured in rapidly 
 to Harrisburg, called out only while this emergency lasted, 
 and were mustered into the United States service either for 
 six months or " for the emergency." The rebels invaded 
 the State, and occupied Chambersburg and many other 
 points in its line of operations. On June 28th the rebel 
 leader, Lee, had discovered that the Army of the Potomac 
 was on his flank, and couriers were sent out in all directions 
 to summon in his scattered forces to the point towards which 
 his main body was tending, the town of Gettysburg. Dur- 
 ing the 1st, 2d, and 3d days of July the great decisive battle 
 of the war was fought on the field about that now historic 
 town. The militia and " emergency" men were, however, 
 held after this for some time, and were employed on various 
 duties, such as gathering in the wounded and stragglers from 
 armies, in collecting the debris of the field, sending away 
 the wounded as fast as their condition would permit, and 
 some were stationed in the mining districts and in Philadel- 
 phia, where collisions and disorders prevailed. The blood- 
 less campaigns of the militia may be a subject for playful 
 satire, but in the strong arms and sturdy hearts of the yeo- 
 manry of the land, who spring to arms at the moment of 
 danger, and when that danger has past cheerfully lay them 
 down again, rests a sure guarantee for the peace and security 
 of the country. 
 
 COLORED TROOPS. 
 
 The colored men of Chester County did their propor- 
 tional part in enlisting in the United States service and 
 nobly fighting to suppress the great Rebellion. There were 
 no separate colored companies or organizations as such 
 formed in the county, but individually hundreds of this 
 race — whose enslavement was the cause of secession and 
 the war — were recruited from this county in defense of the 
 nation, endangered by the slave-holders' oligarchy. Penn- 
 sylvania raised no colored soldiery in its military organiza- 
 tions, hence the colored men who enlisted went into the 
 United States colored regiments and rendezvoused at Camp 
 Penn, at Chelfon Hills, a few miles north of Philadelphia. 
 Here, from August, 1863, to September, 1864, were organ- 
 ized the following United States colored regiments : Third, 
 Sixth, Eighth, Twenty-second, Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, 
 Thirty-second, Forty-first, Fort^-third, Forty-fifth, and One- 
 Hundred and Twenty-seventh, the latter from men en- 
 listed and drafted in the State of Pennsylvania to serve 
 
144 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 one, two, and three years. The recruits for the Twenty- 
 fourth, Twenty-fifth, Thirty-second, Forty-first, Forty-third, 
 and Forty-fifth were almost exclusively from Pennsylvania, 
 and those in the remaining regiments were partly from this 
 and partly from other States. It is impossible to get from 
 the rolls the names of the colored men who went from 
 Chester County to battle valiantly for their country, many 
 
 of whom went in regiments of other States ; but investiga- 
 tion shows that this race did its proportion in enlisting and 
 fighting, and should accordingly have the proper credit for 
 its patriotism and loyalty to the old flag of our fathers. 
 
 For the names of the ofiScers and men from Chester 
 County who served in the late Rebellion, see Appendix. 
 
 -*— ► 
 
 PROPRIETARY INTERESTS AND LAND TITLES. 
 
 INDIAN PURCHASES. 
 
 It has been stated that the Swedes purchased from the 
 Indians the western shore of the Delaware up to the neigh- 
 borhood of Trenton, but this was afterwards denied by the 
 natives, and there was also some uncertainty as to whether 
 those who presumed to sell were the rightful owners. It 
 was the policy of Penn to satisfy the natives for any real 
 or imaginary claim to the land, and soon after his arrival we 
 find him taking deeds from those who pretended to own the 
 land in Chester County. The bounds of the purchases 
 were rather indefinite, and frequently overlapped each other. 
 
 The first deed from the Indians for lands in this county 
 is from an Indian king or chief called Wingebone, and 
 conveys all his lands on the west side of Schuylkill, from 
 the first falls upwards and westward, an undefined distance, 
 or, as it is expressed in the deed, " as far as my right 
 goeth." The form is as follows : 
 
 " I, Wingebone, this 26th day of y^ 4th month called June, in y" 
 year, according to y« English account, 1683, for me, my heirs and 
 assigns, doe freely grant and dispose of all my lands lying on y" west 
 side of y« Skolkill river, beginning from y' first Falls of y« same, all 
 along upon y» said river, and backwards of y* same, as far as my right 
 goeth, to Wm. Penn, Proprietor and Governor of Pennsylvania, &o., 
 his heirs and assignes, forever, for y" consideration of so much Wam- 
 pum, and other things, as he shall please to give unto me, hereby for 
 me, my heirs and assignes, renouncing all claims and demands, of any- 
 thing in or for y« future. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my 
 hand and seal, the day and year above written. 
 
 " Wingebone." 
 Signed, sealed, and delivered in y® presence of 
 
 Joseph Curteis, 
 
 Takanen, 
 
 Machemen, 
 
 Whehelan, 
 
 Metciipokan, 
 
 kopadque. 
 
 The next conveyance is from two Indian chiefs, for the 
 lands lying between the Schuylkill River and Chester 
 Creek, and is in the following form : 
 
 "We, Secane & ICQUOQUEHAN, Indian Shaokamakers, and right 
 owners of y« Lands Lying between Manaiunk als. Sohulkill and Ma- 
 eopanaokhan, als. Chester River, doe this 14th day of ye filt month, 
 in y« year, aocoraing to English account, 1683, hereby graunt and sell 
 all o>^ Right & title in y« s^ Lands Lying between y» s^ Rivers, begin- 
 ning on y« West side of Manaiunt, called Consohockan, & from thence 
 by a Westerly Line to y« s* River Maeopanackhan, unto William Penn 
 Proprie'"' & Govern"' of y^ Province of Pennsylvania, &c., his heirs 
 
 and assignes forever, for and in consideration of 150 fathom of Wam- 
 pum, 14 Blankets, 68 yds. Duffills, 28 yds. Stroud waters, 15 guns, 3 
 great kettles, 15 small kettles, 16 pr. stockins, 7 pr. shoes, 6 capps, 12 
 gimblets, 6 drawing knives, 15 pr. sissors, 15 combes, 5 papers needles, 
 10 tobacco boxes, 15 tobacco tongs, 32 pounds powder, 3 papers beads, 
 2 papers red lead, 15 eoats, 15 shurts, 15 axes, 15 knives, 30 barrs of 
 lead, 18 glasses, 15 hoes, unto us in hand paid, the receipt whereof is 
 hereby acknowledged, hereby renouncing all claims and demands for 
 y® future, from us our heirs or assignes, in, or to y® premises. In wit- 
 ness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals, y* day and 
 year first above written. 
 
 "Secase. 
 
 " icqcoquehan." 
 Sealed and delivered in presence of 
 
 PiSERICKEM, 
 
 Peter Rambo, 
 Swan Swanson, 
 Philip Th. Lehnmann, 
 Jos. Cdrteis, 
 Catbmus, an Indian King. 
 
 A deed from Kekelappan reads thus : 
 
 "I, Kekelappan, of Opasiskunk, for me, my heirs and assigns, do 
 hereby give and grant unto William Penn, Proprietary and Governor 
 of y« Province of Pennsylvania, his heirs and assigns, that half of all 
 my lands, betwixt Susquahanna and Delaware, which lyeth on y" 
 Susquahanna side ; and do hereby further promise, to sell unto him at 
 y'' next Spring, at my return from hunting, y« other half of my land, 
 at as reasonable rates as other Indians have been used to sell in this 
 river. In witness whereof, I have hereunto sett my hand and seal, 
 at Philadelphia, ye 10th 7 her, 1683. 
 
 "Kekelappan," 
 Witnesses present. 
 Lasse Cock, 
 Essepenaicke, 
 Philip Th. Lehnmann. 
 
 The following deed was made July 30, 1685, and em- 
 braces a considerable quantity of land in Chester County : 
 
 " We, Shakkoppoh, Secane, Malibor, Tangoras, Indian Sakem- 
 akers, and right owners of y' lands lying between Macopanackan 
 als. Upland, now called Chester river or creek, a.nd the river or creek 
 of Pemnpeoka, now called Dublin Creek, beginning at the hill called 
 Conshohockin, on the river Manaiunck or Skoolkill, from thence ex- 
 tends in a parallel line to the said Macopanackan, als. Chester Creek, 
 by a south-westerly course and from the said Conshohocken hill, to y' 
 aforesaid Pemapeoka, nls. Dublin creek, by y" said parallel line north- 
 easterly, and so up along the said Pemapecka creek, so far as the creek 
 extends, and so from thence north-westerly, back into y° woods, to 
 make up two full daies journey, as far as a man can go in two dales, 
 from the said station of y" said parallel line at Pemapecka; also begin- 
 ning at the said parallel at Mecopanackan als. Chester creek, and so 
 
PKOPRIETAKY INTERESTS AND LAND TITLES. 
 
 145 
 
 from thence up the said creek n^ far as it extends; „nd from thence 
 north-westerly back into the woods, to make up two full dayes journey, 
 as far as a man can go in two dayes, from the said station of the said 
 parallel hue, at ye said Macoponackan, als. Chester creek, for and in 
 consideration of 200 ffathoms of Wampum, 30 ffathoms of duffells, 30 
 guns, 60 fathom of stroud waters, 30 kittles, 30 shirts, 20 gimblets, 12 
 pair of shoes, 30 pairs of stockins, 30 pairs of sizors, 30 combes, 30 
 axes, 30 knives, 31 tobacco tongs, 30 barrs of lead, 30 pounds of pow- 
 der, 30 auls, 30 glasses, 30 tobacco boxes, 3 papers of beads, 44 pounds 
 of red lead, 30 pair of hawkes bells, 6 drawing knives, 6 caps, 12 
 howes, to us in hand, well and truly paid, by William Penn, Propri- 
 etary and Governour of y Province of Pennsylvania, and Territories 
 thereunto belonging, the receipt whereof we hereby acknowledge, do, 
 by these presents, grant, bargain, and sell, unto the said William °Penn' 
 his heires and assignes forever, all and every the aforesaid tract of 
 land, lying between the said rivers or creeks, of Pemapecka and Ma- 
 copanackan, and from thence two days journey, backwards into y= 
 woods as aforesaid, together with all right, title, and interest, that we 
 or any others whatsoever, shall or may claim in the same; hereby for 
 us, our heirs and successors, and all other Indians whatsoever, re- 
 nouncing and disclaiming forever, any pretence, claim, or demand 
 whatsoever, in or unto the premises, hereby sold to said William Penn, 
 his heirs and assignes as aforesaid. In witness whereof, we, the 
 said Indian Sakemakers, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this 
 thirtyeth day of ye ffifth month, called July, and in the year, accord- 
 ing to ye English account, one thousand six hundred eighty and 
 ffive. 
 
 " Shakahoppoh, 
 "Secanb, 
 
 " Ma LIBOR, 
 
 "Tangoras." 
 Great men of the Indians present; 
 Tarkckhocca, 
 Tenooghant, 
 Nessakant, 
 Kacocahahous, 
 Nahattas, 
 tontaken, 
 Tepaskeninn. 
 
 Some four years thereafter " arrangements were made 
 for ascertaining the western boundary of this strangely de- 
 scribed tract." A letter from Thomas Holme, addressed 
 " To my very loving friends, Shakhoppoh, Secanning, Mali- 
 bore, Tangoras, Indian kings, and to Maskecasho, Wawa- 
 rim, Tenaugham, Terrecka, Nessouhaikin, Indian shama- 
 kers, and the rest concerned," informs them that he has ap- 
 pointed Benjamin Chambers, of Philadelphia, " to mark 
 out a westerly line from Philadelphia to Susquehannah, 
 that the said line may be prepared and made ready for 
 going the said two days' journey backwards hereafter," and 
 desiring and requiring them, and all other Indians that had 
 formerly been concerned in the said tracts of land, not to 
 presume to oflFer any interruption or hindrance in marking 
 the line, but rather to render assistance, if there should be 
 occasion for it. 
 
 In pursuance of this appointment, the line was run from 
 the Schuylkill to the Susquehanna. As near as we are 
 able to trace its course, it entered the present limits of 
 Chester County a little south of the Westtown school ; 
 crossed the Wilmington road near where John Noble now 
 resides, about one mile south of West Chester, and the east 
 branch of Brandywine north of Jefferis' Ford ; passed a 
 short distance south of Marshallton, and of the Chester 
 County Almshouse ; crossed the west branch of Brandy- 
 wine and Buck Run near Laurel Iron- Works, and Buck 
 Run again about Newlin's mill ; crossed the Limestone 
 road (then an Indian path) about where James Reid now 
 19 
 
 resides, in Highland township ; crossed Glen Run a short 
 distance south of Penningtonville, and the Octorara Creek 
 south of Nobleville ; thus passing in its course through 
 the present townships of Thornbury, Westtown, West 
 Groshen, East Bradford, West Bradford, Newlin, East Fal- 
 lowfield, Highland, West Fallowfield, and Sadsbury. At 
 that time the whole country through which it passed in 
 this county had few inhabitants except the Indians. 
 
 At a meeting of the Provincial Council, held on the 22d 
 day of September, 1685, information was received from 
 Capt. Lasse Cock that the Indians were willing to dispose 
 of their lands between Upland and Appoquinamy. The 
 following is the notice of it on the minutes of the Council : 
 
 "Information being given to y" Council, by Capt. Cock, of ye Indi- 
 ans' willingness to sell all their right and claim to the land between 
 Upland and Appoquinamy, as far backward as they have any claim 
 thereunto, and that they proposed a meeting at AVidow Scilcop's on ye 
 29th inst., in order to treat about ye same; the Council thought fit to 
 order Ciipt. Thomas Holmes, John Symoock, and ye Secretary, or any 
 two of them, to be at ye place aforesaid, with full power to treat, and 
 compleat y* purchase with them, and to call to their assistance what 
 members of ye Council can conveniently be there." 
 
 The result was the following deed, made Oct. 2, 1685 : 
 
 " This Indenture witnesseth, that we, Lare Packenah, Tareekham, 
 Sickais, Pettquessil, Terois, Essepenaick, Petkhoy, Kekelappan, Feo- 
 mus, Mackaloha, Melleonga, Wissa-Powey, Indian Kings, Sachem- 
 akers, right owners of all the lands from Quing Quingus, called 
 Duck creek, unto Upland, called Chester creek, all along by the west 
 side of Delaware river and so between the said creeks backwards, as far 
 as a man can ride in two days with a horse, for and in consideration 
 of these following goods, to us in hand paid and secured to be paid, by 
 William Penn, Proprietary and Governor of the Province of Pennsyl- 
 vania and Territories thereof, viz : Twenty gunns, twenty fathom 
 match-coat, twenty fathom stroudwaters, twenty blankets, twenty 
 kettles, twenty pounds powder, one hundred barrs lead, forty toma- 
 hawks, one hundred knives, fourty pare stockings, one barrel of beer, 
 twenty pounds red lead, one hundred fathom wamphum, thirty glass 
 bottles, thirty pewter spoons, one hundred awl blades, three hundred 
 tobacco pipes, one hundred bands of tobacco, twenty tobacco tongs, 
 twenty steeles, three hundred Hints, thirty pave sissors, thirty combs, 
 sixty looking-glasses, two hundred needles, one skiple salt, thirty 
 pounds shuger, five gallons mollassis, twenty tobacco boxes, one hun- 
 dred Juise-harps, twenty hows, thirty guimlets, thirty wooden screw 
 borers, and one hundred strings beads ; We hereby acknowledge in 
 behalf of ourselves, as only right owners of the aforesaid tract of 
 land, to bargain and sell, and by these presents, doe fully, clearly and 
 absolutely, bargain and sell unto the said William Penn, his heirs and 
 assigns, for ever, the aforesaid tract of land, with all the wood, rivers, 
 creeks, and appurtenances, unto the same belonging, to be held, used, 
 possessed and enjoyed, by the said William Penn, his heirs, and assigns 
 forever, without any molestation or hindrance from, or by us, or any 
 of us, and from or by any other Indians whatsoever, that shall or may 
 claime any right, title or interest, in or unto the said tract of land, or 
 any part thereof. In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands 
 and seals, at New Castle, the 2d day of the eighth month, 1685. 
 
 "Signed, sealed and delivered unto Capt. Thos. Holme, Surveyor 
 General of ye Province of Pennsylvania, to and for ye use of William 
 Penn, Esq., Proprietary and Governor of ye aforesaid Province, and 
 Territories thereunto belonging." 
 
 In 1706 a purchase was made of lands on the Brandy- 
 wine. The following memorandum of it is taken from the 
 minutes of the commissioners of property : 
 
 "Be it remembered that on the tenth day of September, 1706, all 
 the Commissioners present, at the repeated complaints of the inhabit- 
 ants on Brandywine, whose lands had never been purchased of the 
 Indians, the Commissioners agreed with Sheehonickan, the Chief of 
 the Indians there, to buy off their claims for one hundred pounds of 
 Pennsylvania money.'' 
 
146 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTEE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Those who can trace the titles of their farms back to 
 these representatives of the red men may feel reasonably 
 secure in the enjoyment of their possessions. 
 
 On the 17th of September, 1718, a deed of release was 
 made by sundry Delaware Indian chiefs, viz., Sassoonah, 
 Meetashechay, Ghettypeneeman, Pokehais, Ayamackan, 
 Opekasset, and Pepawmaman, for all the lands situate be- 
 tween the rivers Delaware and Susquehanna, from Duck 
 Creek to the mountains on this side Lechay, with an ac- 
 knowledgment that they had seen and heard divers deeds 
 of sale read unto them, under the hands and seals of former 
 kings and chiefs of the Delaware Indians, their ancestors 
 and predecessors, who were owners of said lands, by which 
 they had granted the said lands to William Penn, for which 
 they were satisfied and content, which, for a further con- 
 sideration of goods delivered them, they then confirmed. 
 
 Duck Creek, referred to in these deeds, is the southern 
 line of New Castle Co., Del. These several grants extin- 
 guished the Indian title to the whole of the lands in Ches- 
 ter County. 
 
 The Indian claim to the Brandywine, and one mile wide 
 on each side, was by virtue of an alleged grant from Wil- 
 liam Penn on the sale of their lands to him. Some inter- 
 esting papers in relation to this claim will be found under 
 the head of Newlin township. 
 
 The signatures, or marks made by the Indians in ex- 
 ecuting these deeds, are very curious. They are generally 
 rude representations of some object or animal. Those who 
 feel interested in the subject of Indian autographs will 
 find a considerable collection of them in the Pennsylvania 
 " Archives," vol. i. page 100. 
 
 On the 26th of May, 1728, the Governor and some 
 members of Council, and others, went to the Indian town 
 of Conestogoe, and there held a conference with the In- 
 dians. Among those present were Oholykon, Peyeaskicken, 
 and Wikimikona, chiefs of some of the Delaware Indians 
 on Brandywine. Presents were made, and the " ancient 
 friendship renewed." 
 
 Another conference was held at Philadelphia, on the 3d 
 of June, 1728, at which Sassoonan, or AUumwapees, king 
 of the Delawares, and a large number of Indians were 
 present. An address was made by Sassoonan, in which he 
 complained that the Christians had settled on lands which 
 the Indians had never been paid for, and that they occu- 
 pied his lands, for which he had never received anything. 
 In reply, the deed of release of the 17th of September, 
 1718, was exhibited, and he and Opekasset, two of those 
 who had executed it, viewed their marks, and acknowledged 
 that it was all true, and that they had been paid for all the 
 lands therein mentioned, but that lands beyond the bound- 
 ary therein described had been occupied and not paid for. 
 A question thus arose as to the extent of the grant, the 
 English contending that it reached a greater distance 
 northward than the Indians were willing to concede. The 
 matter was amicably adjusted, and the Governor concluded 
 an address to them as follows : 
 
 " We have now brightened the chain and strengthened our League 
 and wc are as one people. I have commanded all the English, by a 
 printed proclamation published through all the country, to be kind to 
 the Indians, which you shall hear read to you and- interpreted. 
 
 " What I have further to desire of you is, that you would send some 
 
 trusty people amongst the neighboring Indians, and if you can, to the 
 Five Nations, to acquaint them with what had passed between us, and 
 give them shoes and stockings (presenting six pair to each), for the 
 use of those who are to travel, that they may the better bear their 
 journey. I shall also give you bread, pipes, and tobacco, with, five 
 gallons of Rum, to comfort and support you in your return home." 
 
 DISPOSAL OF LANDS TO SETTLERS. 
 
 By virtue of his charter William Penn became the 
 owner of the territory of Pennsylvania, subject to the 
 Indian titles, and excepting that portion previously pos- 
 sessed by the Swedes, Dutch, and English along the Dela- 
 ware, to which, as before related, the Indian title had been 
 already extinguished. 
 
 If the charter, says Sergeant, had contained nothing 
 more on the subject, the grants of land made by William 
 Penn, and by his heirs and successors, must have been, by 
 the English law, to hold of the crown in the same manner 
 he did. The statute Quia Ewptores enacted " that it shall 
 be lawful for every freeman to sell at his own pleasure his 
 lands and tenements, or part of them, so that the feoffee 
 shall hold the same of the chief lord of the same fee, by 
 such service and customs as his feoffor held them." The 
 non obstante clause in the charter dispensed with this pro- 
 vision, and allowed the proprietary to alienate to others, who 
 should hold directly of him, and not of the king, who was 
 the chief lord of the fee. 
 
 Having secured title to the province, Penn published an 
 account of Pennsylvania for the information of those who 
 might desire to emigrate thither, in which certain condi- 
 tions are set forth : first, to purchasers ; second, to those 
 taking up land upon rent; and, third, as to servants. In 
 regard to the first, the shares were to be certain as to the 
 number of acres ; each to contain 5000 acres free from any 
 Indian incumbrance. Price £100, and one English shilling 
 quit- rent for 100 acres; quit-rent not to begin till after 
 1684. Second, renters to pay one penny per acre, not to 
 exceed 200 acres. Third, the masters to be allowed 50 
 acres per head, and 50 acres to every servant when his time 
 expired, at a yearly rent of a half-penny sterling per acre. 
 
 A large amount of land was soon disposed of, and on the 
 11th of July, 1681, were signed " certain conditions or con- 
 cessions agreed upon by William Penn, Proprietary and Gov- 
 ernor of the province of Pennsylvania, and those who are 
 the adventurers and purcha.sers in the same province." These 
 consisted of twenty articles, of which the first ten related 
 more particularly to the survey and settlement of the lands, 
 and as reference will be made to some of ihem hereafter, we 
 shall give them in full : 
 
 " I. That so soon as it pleaseth God, that the above said persons 
 arrive there, a certain quantity of land, or ground plat, shall be laid 
 out for a large town or city, in the most convenient place upon the 
 river for health and navigation i and every purchaser and adventurer 
 shall, by lot, have so much land therein as will answer to the propor- 
 tion which he hath bought or taken up upon rent : but it Is to be 
 noted that the surveyors shall consider what roads or highways will 
 be necessary to the cities, towns or through the lands. Great roads 
 from city to city, not to contain less than forty feet In breadth, shall 
 be first laid out and declared to be for highways, before the dividend 
 of acres be laid out for the purchaser, and the like observation to he 
 had for the streets in the towns and cities, that there may be conven- 
 ient roads and streets preserved, not to be encroached upon by any 
 planter or builder, that none may build irregularly to the damage of 
 another. In this, custom governs. 
 
"HILLSDALE." 
 RESIDENCE OF GEOHGE MARCH, WEST BRADFORD. 
 
 Purchoiod by Abraham Marshall, 1703 ; aettled 1707. ' ' DEEBYDOWN.' 
 
 RESIDENCE OF ABRAHAM MARSHALL, WEST BRADFORD. 
 
RESIDENCE OF QEORGE MARTIN, FOCOPSON. 
 
PROPRIETARY INTERESTS AND LAND TITLES. 
 
 147 
 
 II. That the land in the town be laid out together after the pro- 
 portion of ten thousand acres of the whole country, that is two hun- 
 dred acres if the place will bear it; however, that the proportion be 
 by lot, and entire, so as those that desire to be together, especially those 
 that are by the catalogue laid together, may he so laid together both 
 in the town and country. 
 
 " III. That when the country lots are laid out, every purchaser, 
 from one thousand to ten thousand acres or more, not to have above 
 one thousand acres together, unless in three years they plant a family 
 upon every thousand acres, but that all such as purchase together, lie 
 together; and if as many as comply with this condition, that the 
 whole be laid out together. 
 
 "IV. That where any number of purchasers more or less, whose 
 number of acres amounts to five or ten thousand acres, desire to sit 
 together in a lot or township, they shall have their lot or township 
 cast together, in such places as have convenient harbors or navigable 
 rivers attending it, if such can be found; and in case any one or more 
 purchasers plant not according to agreement in this concession, to the 
 prejudice of others of the same township, upon complaint made thereof 
 to the governor or his deputy, with assistance they may award (if 
 they see cause) that the complaining purchaser may, paying the sur- 
 vey money, and purchase money, and interest thereof, be entitled, 
 enrolled and lawfully invested in the lands so not seated. 
 
 "V. That the proportion of lands that shall be laid out in the first 
 great town or city, for every purchaser, shall be after the proportion 
 of ten acres for every five hundred acres purchased, if the place will 
 allow it. 
 
 " VI. That notwithstanding there be no mention made in the several 
 deeds made to the purchasers, yet the said William Penn does accord 
 and declare that all rivers, rivulets, woods and underwoods, waters, 
 water-courses, quarries, mines, and minerals (except mines royal), 
 shall be freely and fully enjoyed and wholly by the purchasers, into 
 whose lot they fall. 
 
 " VII. That for every fifty acres that shall be alloted to a servant at 
 the end of his service, his quit-rent shall be two shillings per annum, 
 and the master or owner of the servant, when he shall take up the 
 other fifty acres, his quit-rent shall be four shillings by the year, or, 
 if the master of the servant (by reason in the indentures he is so 
 obliged to do) allot out to the servant fifty acres in his own division, 
 the said master shall have, on demand, allotted him from the Governor, 
 the one hundred acres at the chief rent of six shillings per annum. 
 
 "VIII. And for the encouragement of such as are ingenious and 
 willing to search out gold and silver mines in this province, it is hereby 
 agreed that they have liberty to bore and dig in any man's property, 
 fully paying the damage done; and in case a discovery should be 
 made, th.at the discoverer have one-fifth, the owner of the soil (if not 
 the discovererj a tenth part, the Governor two-fifths, .nnd the rest to 
 the public treasury, saving to the king the share reserved by patent. 
 
 "IX. In every hundred thousand acres, the Governor and Proprie- 
 tary, by lot, reserveth ten to himself, what shall lie but in one place. 
 
 " X. That every man shall be bound to plant or man so much of his 
 share of land as shall be set out and surveyed, within three years after 
 it is so set out and surveyed, or else it shall be lawful for new comers 
 to be settled thereupon, paying to them their survey money, and they 
 go up higher for their shares." 
 
 The remaining articles relate to trading with the Indians 
 and other matters. These conditions were framed without 
 the benefit of much experience, and a clause was wisely 
 added allowing additions or corrections to be made, with 
 the consent of the parties subscribing. It is scarcely neces- 
 sary to say that they were not very closely adhered to. In 
 the same year William Penn sent out commissioners to select 
 a site and lay out a town in accordance with the said con- 
 cessions, and ordered " that this town shall be laid out for 
 the present purchasers.'' The commissioners were William 
 Crispin, William Haige, John Bezer, and Nathaniel Allen ; 
 the first being also appointed surveyor-general, but died 
 before his arrival. Thomas Holme was next appointed 
 surveyor-general, and arrived in the province in June, 1682. 
 He, with the other commissioners, proceeded to lay out land 
 
 for the great town. William Penn remained in England 
 selling his land, and it was probably about the time Holme 
 sailed for Pennsylvania that he was furnished with a list of 
 those who had become purchasers. These were divided 
 into sections, each section being purchasers of 10,000 acres, 
 from which we may infer an intention to carry out the idea 
 contained in the fourth article of " conditions and conces- 
 sions." Penn continued to sell land until he sailed for his 
 province, where he arrived in October, 1682. The great 
 town was then divided into two parts, called the City and 
 Liberties of Philadelphia, in each of which the purchasers 
 were to have lots. Those who came over and wished to 
 have their land surveyed to them applied to the proprietary, 
 who granted warrants directed to the surveyor-general, who 
 in turn ordered his deputies to execute them. After the 
 survey patents were granted, in which descriptions of the 
 land were given. Many of the purchasers did not come 
 over, but some of these were represented by their agents 
 or friends, who procured surveys of their land for them. 
 
 The first conveyances by the proprietary were by deeds 
 of lease and release executed in England, the release being 
 dated the next day after the lease. The grantees have been 
 termed " first purchasers," and the grants, which had pecu- 
 liar privileges attached by virtue of the above-mentioned 
 conditions, were afterward denominated "old rights." They 
 amounted altogether to more than 500,000 acres. The 
 original deeds, many of which are still extant, arc copper- 
 plate prints on parchment. 
 
 When, in 1684, Penn was about to sail for England, he 
 appointed Thomas Lloyd, James Claypoole, and Robert 
 Turner commissioners of property, with power to sign 
 patents and grant warrants for lands ; Thomas Holme still 
 being surveyor-general. In 1690 the names of Samuel 
 Carpenter, William Markham, John Goodsonn, and Robert 
 Turner appear as commissioners of property. Among 
 the early surveyors of land in Chester County were Charles 
 Ashcom, Robert Longshore, and David Powell ; the last 
 operated principally among the Welsh, in what was called 
 the Welsh tract. While William Penn remained in Eng- 
 land there was considerable trouble in the management of 
 the land-oflBce here, as may be seen by the following ex- 
 tract from an address to him from the Assembly : 
 
 " Nor was the administration of thy Propriety much better managed, 
 because thou put some in that commission with whom the rest would 
 not act, and at last the office of Property aild Surveyor general came 
 to be shut up, and thou kept them so whilst thou sold lands to the value 
 of about two thousand pounds sterling, and gave thy warrants in 
 England for surveying the said land; and also got great tracts of 
 land laid out or secured for thyself and relations, besides several 
 valuable parcels which should have been laid out for the purchasers, 
 but were reserved by thy surveyors, whether for thee or themselves 
 we know not. However, thou appropriated those lands to thyself by 
 the name of concealed lands, whereas, in truth, they were concealed 
 from the purchasers who were to have their lands laid out contiguous 
 one to another, and no vacancies left between them, and thou wast to 
 have only thy tenth as it fell, according to the concessions thou made 
 with thy first adventurers, and if thou took it not up so, it was thy 
 own (not their) fault." 
 
 Thomas Holme died in 1695, and the next surveyor-gen- 
 eral was Edward Penington. William Penn writing from 
 Bristol, 1698, to Samuel Carpenter, says, — 
 
148 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 "This comes by a son of Isaac Penington, my dear deceased wife's 
 half-brother, whom I have made Surveyor general ; being mathe- 
 matical more than trading." 
 
 Edward, son of Isaac and Mary Penington, was born 
 in 1667, at Amersham, county of Bucks, England, and was 
 married on the 16tli of November, 1699, at Burlington, to 
 Sarah, daughter of Samuel Jennings, Governor of the 
 province of New Jersey. He died in Philadelphia, Jan. 
 10, 1 701-2, leaving a son Isaac, some of whose descend- 
 ants continue to reside in that city. 
 
 After William Pcnn returned to Pennsylvania, toward 
 the close of the year 1699, there appears to have been 
 more activity in the land-ofiBce. Previous to this there had 
 not been any reservation in Chester County of land for the 
 proprietary, and he now ordered this regulation to be car- 
 ried into effect, though not exactly according to the original 
 concessions. 
 
 Edward Penington issued several orders for the survey 
 of land in Chester County, of which the following is a 
 specimen : 
 
 ' — ■ — > " By virtue of a warrant under the hands of Edward 
 
 ] SEAL. [ Shippen, GriflBth Owen, Thomas Story and James Logan, 
 
 > the Proprietarj' and Governor's Commissioners of Property 
 
 &, y' seal of y' Province, to me directed, bearing date y= 17th of 10 
 
 Mo. iroi. 
 
 "I do hereby authorize thee to survey and lay out unto Thomas 
 Wickersham (for the use of his children) five hundred acres of Land, 
 being what remains untnken up of a thousand acres of Land purchased 
 of the Proprietary by Humphrey Killinbeoli, who made over one 
 moiety of his said purchase to the said Thomas Wickersham, and of 
 the rest, two hundred acres to Humphrey, eldest son of the said 
 Thomas, and one hundred acres apiece to Thomas, .John and Anne, 
 the other children of the said Thomas Wickersham : To be laid out 
 for the use of the said children as aforesaid (where it hath not been 
 already surveyed, nor taken up, nor concealed, nor seated by the In- 
 dians) according to the method of Townships, and make return thereof 
 into my office, with a protracted figure of the field work, which are by 
 the Proprietary and Governor's order to remain there. 
 
 "Given under my hand and seal at Philadelphia the 17th of X*" 
 1701. 
 
 " Edwakd Penington, Surv. Gen. 
 
 "To Isaac Taylob, Deputy Surveyor." 
 
 After the death of Edward Penington the commission- 
 ers of property resolved " that no such ofificer should be ap- 
 pointed to succeed him until the pleasure of the proprietor 
 be known. That the said office,with all the books, records, 
 warrants, and papers belonging thereto, shall be taken into 
 the commissioners' hands and remain under their care, and 
 that the secretary shall chiefly superintend the same with 
 an able and fit hand well skilled in surveying. That Jacob 
 Taylor, now concerned in a school at Abingdon, be invited 
 to take the management of said office under the secretary. 
 All warrants to be directed to the several surveyors of the 
 respective counties, to be returned into the surveyor's office 
 at Philadelphia. That only copies of the warrants shall be 
 sent into the country, attested by the secretary, and the 
 original remain in the office as before, and be entered on the 
 books, and every original warrant shall express that the 
 original shall remain in the surveyor's office in Philadel- 
 phia." — Minutes of the Commissioners of Property, Book 
 G, page 6-1. 
 
 There was no surveyor-general from the 10th of January, 
 1701, until the beginning of March, 1706-7, when Jacob 
 
 Taylor was appointed, who continued until Benjamin East- 
 burn was appointed, on the 29th of October, 1733, and the 
 latter continued in office until 1741. William Parsons' 
 commission as surveyor-general bears date Aug. 22, 1741. 
 His successor, Nicholas Scull, was appointed in the begin- 
 ning of 1748. John Lukens, who succeeded him, was ap- 
 pointed in December, 1761, and continued by reappoint- 
 ment under the commonwealth until his death in 1789. 
 Daniel Brodhead was appointed on the 3d of November, 
 1789, and continued by reappointments until the 23d of 
 April, 1800. Samuel Cochran was appointed on the 23d 
 of April, 1800, and Andrew Porter on the 4th of April, 
 1809. 
 
 By a commission dated Oct. 28, 1701, William Penn ap- 
 pointed Edward Shippen, Griffith Owen, Thomas Story, 
 and James Logan as commissioners of property, and gave 
 them authority to grant lands for such sums and quit-rents, 
 etc., as to them or any three of them should seem reason- 
 able. 
 
 The experiment of establishing a colony did not prove 
 a success in a financial point of view, and William Penn 
 became involved in debt. Previous to his last visit to 
 Pennsylvania he obtained from his lawyer, Philip Ford, of 
 London, a considerable sum of money, and gave the latter, 
 as a matter of form, a deed of sale of the province. This 
 Penn considered, and Ford professed to consider, as a 
 mortgage, but the designing rascal intended to turn it 
 to good account. After his death, in 1702, his widow and 
 son presented their claim, and threatened to take posses- 
 sion of the province if they were not paid the sum of 
 £14,000. After much trouble and litigation their claim 
 was reduced one-half, and, to free himself from the Fords, 
 Penn obtained money from some of his friends, and 
 gave them a mortgage on the province by deeds of lease 
 and release, dated Oct. 6 and 7, 1708. These mortgagees 
 or trustees were Henry Gouldney, Joshua Gee, Silvanus 
 Grove, John Woods, and John Feild, whose names may be 
 noticed in some of the old titles for land. They, with the 
 concurrence of Penn, appointed five commissioners of prop- 
 erty, viz, : Edward Shippen, Samuel Carpenter, Richard 
 Hill, Isaac Norris, and James Logan, Nov. 9, 1711. They 
 were empowered to appoint all officers, as surveyors, rangers, 
 and such others who were immediately concerned in the 
 affairs of the proprietary's lands or estate. A letter to them 
 from the trustees, dated Nov. 30, 1711, was brought over 
 by James Logan, whose visit to England was doubtless 
 made with regard to this business. In this they were en- 
 joined to take care to raise money for the payment of the 
 mortgage. 
 
 By his will Penn appointed the above commissioners, 
 except Shippen, with the addition of Samuel Preston, as 
 trustees to have the care of his estate in Pennsylvania. 
 These " granted warrants and issued patents, if not as Pro- 
 prietary officers, yet under ample and existing powers." 
 But the mode was varied. When surveys were made, if a 
 patent was required, they took the first return of survey 
 without requiring it to be entered in the surveyor-general's 
 office, and a formal return transmitted from thence. The 
 patents were in their own names, and recited as well the 
 commission of William Pcnn as of the mortgagees, Joshua 
 
PROPRIETARY INTERESTS AND LAND TITLES. 
 
 149 
 
 Gee and others, of 1711, and thus very many patents ex- 
 ist a trace of which cannot be found in the surveyor-gen- 
 eral's ofiSce. 
 
 James Logan was born in Ireland, came over to this 
 country with Penn in 1699, and in 1701 was appointed 
 secretary of the province, an office which he filled with 
 so much zeal for his master's interest that he became un- 
 popular with many of the inhabitants. 
 
 Another of the proprietary officers with whom the set- 
 tlers were brought in contact was James Steel, who with 
 his family emigrated from Chichester, England, in 1702. 
 He resided in Philadelphia until 1708, when he removed 
 to Kent County and settled on Duck Creek, but returned 
 to Philadelphia in 1714, and was then appointed by the 
 commissioners to have the management of the Tand-office 
 and collection of quit-rents, etc. In this situation he fre- 
 quently gave permission to settlers to take up or occupy 
 land, with the understanding that they would become pur- 
 chasers at a future day. 
 
 After Penn's death in 1718, there was some disagree- 
 ment among his heirs as to the proprietorship of Pennsyl- 
 vania. This and the other complications mentipned in- 
 terfered somewhat with the regular granting of warrants 
 and sale of land, as the commissioners were often at a loss 
 to know what to do. Thus James Steel writes to Isaac 
 Taylor: 
 
 " Philadelphia, 26th, 7 br. 1719. 
 
 " LoviKG Frd. — I have thine per Thos. Wooddal who desires the 
 same by word of mouth, as thou hast at his instance requested for him. 
 But the Commissars have now concluded to sign no more Warr'ts for 
 Land, at least without ready money, which I perceive this chap is not 
 furnished with, wherefore his request cannot be complied with till he 
 be better provided ; so that I am at a loss what to soy to him, since he 
 is seated on the land, more than to order him to get the money without 
 delay. I am with kinde love to thyself, wife, &o., thy real loving fFrd. 
 
 ** JameSteel.'' 
 
 Under date of Oct. 3, 1720, David Lloyd writes to Isaac 
 Taylor: 
 
 "Ja. Steel told me yesterday that the Commissioners were at a 
 stand, so that they seem not willing to grant out warrants at pres- 
 ent," etc. 
 
 On the 12th of second month (April), 1726, James 
 Steel also writes : 
 
 "There has not been anything signed by the Comm'rs. since my 
 last to thee, they still e-xpeoting the desired account of the long talkt 
 of agreem't in the family." 
 
 Notwithstanding this, there was plenty of land for sale 
 by those who had purchased large tracts early, and were 
 now prepared to sell by retail, though it is probable they 
 asked a higher price than the proprietary lands were gen- 
 erally sold for. Many of the immigrants seated themselves 
 on vacant land and proceeded to make improvements, after 
 the manner of modern "squatters," and in the course of 
 a few years would apply for warrants. Where two or more 
 were thus settled near together, there was often contention, 
 and it required firmness and discretion in the surveyor so 
 to execute their warrants that none might interfere with 
 his neighbor's improvements. Some, having made improve- 
 ments, sold them without applying for warrants, and others, 
 having obtained warrants, neglected to have them executed 
 for several years, and in some instances assigned them to 
 
 others. Thus the warrants and improvements were alike 
 articles of merchandise, while the title to the land still re- 
 mained vested in the proprietary. Although, according to 
 the usual custom, patents were obtained by the purchasers 
 of land, yet there were many exceptions, especially in the 
 case of the first purchasers, who paid their money in Eng- 
 land ; and as the warrant of survey specified that the land 
 was to be laid out in right of such purchase, there was in 
 reality little need of a better title. Still it was a matter 
 of neglect, rather than otherwise, if patents were not ob- 
 tained. 
 
 After the arrival of Thomas Penn, in 1732, the land- 
 office was reorganized, and the method of granting warrants 
 changed. Benjamin Eastburn was appointed surveyor- 
 general the next year, in the room of Jacob Taylor, who 
 soon after retired to live with his nephew, John Taylor, in 
 Thornbury. From this time until the Revolution warrants 
 were granted by one or more of the proprietaries resident 
 in this country, or, in their absence, by the Governor. 
 Printed forms were used, with blanks to fill with the names 
 of the person applying, situation and amount of land, etc. 
 The following is a specimen, the italics corresponding to 
 the part written in the warrant: 
 
 "PENNSYLVANIA, SS. 
 
 / — ' — . "by the proprietaries. 
 
 ] seal. [ " Whereas, George Jefferies, of the County of Cheater^ 
 
 , _ , hath requested that we would grant Mm to take up two 
 hundred Acres of Land in East Bradford township, adjoining Thomas 
 Price and Richard Woodward, in the County of Cheater, for which he 
 agrees to pay to our use the Bum of fifteen pounds, ten shillings, cur- 
 rent money of this Province, for each hundred acres, and the yearly 
 quit rent of one half penny sterling for every acre thereof. These are, 
 therefore, to authorize and require thee to survey or cause to be sur- 
 veyed unto the said George Jeffenes, at the place aforesaid, according 
 to the method of Townships appointed, the said quantity of two hun- 
 dred acres, if not already surveyed or appropriated, and make return 
 thereof into the Secretary's office, in order for further confirmation; 
 for which this shall be thy sufficient warrant, which survey, in case 
 the said George Jefferies fulfil the above agreement within eix months 
 from the date hereof, shall be valid, otherwise void. Given under my 
 hand and the lesser seal of oar Province, at Philadelphia, this tenth 
 day of October, Anno Domino, 1738. 
 
 "Thos. Penn. 
 
 "To Benjamin Eastburn, Surveyor-General. 
 
 '* A true copy. To John Taylor, D. Surv'r. 
 
 " Execute this and malie a Return thereof into my office. 
 
 " Benj. Eastburn." 
 
 The land surveyed in pursuance of the above warrant 
 was on the Brandywine Creek, about a mile and a half 
 below Downington, and a part at least is now in the pos- 
 session of George Kerr. 
 
 On the 27th of November, 1779, was passed an act of 
 Assembly entitled " An Act for vesting the estates of the 
 late proprietaries of Pennsylvania in this Commonwealth," 
 by which act the proprietaries received as compensation 
 £130,000 sterling, and were allowed to hold the various 
 tracts of land which had been reserved for their own use 
 by virtue of the original conditions and concessions. A 
 few years after this these proprietaries requested Edmund 
 Physick to make an estimate of the losses which they had 
 or might sustain by the operation of this act. This gen- 
 tleman had been employed in the receiver-general's office 
 from the beginning of the year 1742 until the latter end 
 
150 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 of the year 1776, at first as clerk, and afterwards as re- 
 ceiver-general of quit-rents and purchase money due to the 
 proprietaries, and on this account was well qualified to 
 make the desired estimate. From his statements we shall 
 present some facts relative to the amount of land sold 
 within various periods of years, and also of the quit-rents 
 charged thereon. It appeared by a book in the surveyor- 
 general's office that there had been sold to various persons, 
 called " first purchasers," between the 4th of March, 1681, 
 and October, 1682, the amount of 874,550 acres, exclusive 
 of two entries, one to William Penn, Jr., and Letitia Penn, 
 for 40,000 acres, and the other to William Penn, nephew 
 to the proprietary, for 25,000 acres. This computation in- 
 cludes a sale to the Free Society of Traders of 20,000 
 acres, and another to the London Company of 60,000 acres. 
 A part of this last-mentioned sale, amounting to 14,049 
 acres, was surveyed in New Castle County. Between the 
 month of October, 1682, and the year 1701 there was sold 
 the comparatively small amount of 83,003J acres. This 
 computation includes a sale to the Frankford Company of 
 25,000, and another to Sir Mathias Vincent, Thompson 
 & Coxe, of 30,000 acres, and is formed for the most part 
 from the records of patents in the recorder's office before 
 the year 1701, no patent-book or account-books of pur- 
 chase moneys received for lands sold before that time having 
 been kept, either in the secretary or receiver-general's offices. 
 Between the 10th of the 9th month, 1701, and the 7th of 
 December, 1732, there was received as purchase money of 
 common lands in Pennsylvania the sum of £12,610, during 
 which time lands were sold at various prices. Overplus 
 land was often sold for £18 to £25 for 100 acres, and 
 sometimes at prices higher, though seldom lower, and other 
 lands were generally sold at or about £10 for 100 acres ; 
 but as an exact discrimination cannot with certainty be 
 made, and an admission of £10 per 100 acres will be a 
 moderate rate of computation, it would appear that about 
 126,100 acres were sold during this period. From the 
 7th of December, 1732, to the 27th of December, 1762, 
 the common lands were sold at £15 10s. for 100 acres, 
 currency, purchase money, and an half-penny sterling an 
 acre per annum quit-rent, and for some years afterwards 
 for lands which were settled and improved within these 
 times. It appears, from the amount of money received for 
 land sold on these terms, that about 1,385,219 acres were 
 disposed of during these thirty years. On the 27th of 
 December, 1762, the terms were altered to £9 currency 
 for 100 acres, purchase money, and one penny sterling an 
 acre per annum quit-rent, which alteration continued no 
 longer than until the 5th of August, 1763, except in two 
 instances, but from the amount of money received it was 
 estimated that 34,254 acres were sold on these terms. It 
 appears that from Aug. 5, 1763, to 1st of August, 1765, 
 no warrant for vacant unimproved land was issued, and a 
 very few only for improved plantations. On the 1st of 
 August, 1765, the modes and terms of granting lands were 
 again altered. Lands were now granted, on application, on 
 the terms of £5 sterling for 100 acres, purchase money, 
 and one penny sterling per aero per annum quit-rent, which 
 terms continued until on or about the 6th of September, 
 1769. After this time the mode of granting lands on ap- 
 
 plications ceased, and warrants were granted to all appliers 
 for land on the terms last mentioned. It was estimated 
 that between the 1st of August, 1765, and the 6th of 
 September, 1769, there were sold 239,932 acres, and 
 1,346,004 acres more between the last-mentioned date and 
 the month of December, 1776, after which no more grants 
 of the common lands were made by the proprietaries. Thus 
 the whole amount of land sold for which the money was 
 received was, in round numbers, about 4,075,000 acres. 
 
 The grants of land made for an annual quit-rent, without 
 purchase money, were as follows : 
 
 To sundry Swedes, for lands claimed by them nnd^r 
 rights from the Duke of York, or by possession and im. 
 provement before the date of the royal grant of Pennsyl- 
 vania to William Penn, as appears by extracts taken from 
 records in the recorder's office and patent-books in the 
 secretary's office, 37,037^ acres. 
 
 To sundry persons called renters, as appears from the 
 records in the above-mentioned offices, 9087 i acres. 
 
 To sundry servants of the first purchasers and adven- 
 turers into Pennsylvania, 45711 acres: 
 
 To sundry persons not under any of the above descrip- 
 tions, 7261 J acres. 
 
 Total number of acres of rent-lands, 57,958i. 
 
 The proprietaries gave away large amounts of land to 
 various branches of their family, as follows : William Penn, 
 before coming to Pennsylvania, conveyed to Sir John Fagg, 
 of Sussex, 50,000 acres in trust for the use of his wife, 
 Gulielma Maria Penn, and her children. Of the latter, 
 only two survived, viz. : William Penn, Jr., and Letitia 
 Penn, to whom the land was ultimately surveyed. It ap- 
 pears by patents and warrants issued in satisfaction of this 
 right that 1250 acres were granted over and above the 
 50,000, making 51,250, and of this amount about 12,000 
 acres were surveyed in New Castle County, the remainder 
 in Pennsylvania. To Samuel Carpenter, Isaac Norris, and 
 Edward Penington 7000 acres, part of 12,000 granted 
 to them in trust for the use of John Penn, Esq., the re- 
 maining 5000 acres being granted in right of Thoma.s Cal- 
 lowhill, who was a first purchaser. To the same persons 
 10,000 acres, to be held by them in trust for the said John 
 Penn, then born, and other children who might be born of 
 Hannah Penn, the last wife of William Penn. William 
 Penn in his will devised to his daughter, Letitia Aubrey, 
 10,000 acres, and a like amount to each of his three grand- 
 children, — Gulielma Maria, Springett, and William Penn, 
 the children of William Penn, Jr. To Thomas Penn, 
 Esq., were granted five separate warrants for 1000 acres 
 each, dated the 12th of May, 1732, and to the same one 
 warrant, dated the 18th of the same month, for 5000 more. 
 To Richard Penn, Esq., five separate warrants for 1000 
 acres each, dated the 12th of May, 1732. The whole 
 amount of land in Pennsylvania thus granted to difi'erent 
 members of the family was 111,250 acres, and, in addition 
 to this, the proprietaries reserved, in right of their tenths, 
 441,534 acres. 
 
 According to the estimate made by Edmund Physick, 
 Pennsylvania contained 27,955,200 acres, and as six per 
 cent, allowance was made for roads, this was added to the 
 whole amount disposed of in the various ways above men- 
 
PROPRIETARY INTERESTS AND LAND TITLES. 
 
 151 
 
 tioned, and there appeared a balance of 21,592,128 acres, 
 for which nothing had been received by the proprietaries ' 
 
 The quit-rent charged on land of the first purchasers 
 was at the rate of one shilling sterling for 100 acres, except 
 in the case of large purchases, made by a few individuals or 
 companies, and this was the usual rate until 1732. Many of 
 these first purchasers never came to this country, and some 
 of them never obtained any survey of their land. The 
 greater part of the land, however, was probably laid out 
 between 1682 and 1700 ; but surveys in their right con- 
 tinued to be made at different times until the Revolution, 
 whether after that time we are not informed. 
 
 The whole amount of land patented in Chester County 
 previous to 1779 was set down at 375,01 2f acres, but as 
 this statement appears to have been based on an examina- 
 tion of the patent-books, we are iiiclined to suppose that 
 some of this land may have been in Lancaster County, 
 which at first was a part of Chester. Of course all the 
 land patented in what is now Delaware County was in- 
 cluded in the above amount, and as the present limits of 
 our county embrace more than this amount, it appears that 
 a great part remained unsold, or otherwise not patented. 
 
 During the past year there was published by Benjamin 
 H. Smith, of Philadelphia, surveyor, an " Atlas of Dela- 
 ware County," in which are shown the extent of the pat- 
 ents for land, a great many of the early surveys, with 
 names of successive owners, and the dates of hundreds of 
 conveyances. For patient research and careful preparation, 
 this work is a monument to the author's skill, and a mine 
 of information to the seeker after knowledge respecting 
 the early settlement of that portion of our ancient county. 
 
 DEPUTY SUKVEYOES EOR CHESTER COUNTY. 
 Capt. Edmund Cantwell and Walter Wharton were sur- 
 veyors-general under the government of the Duke of York. 
 Richard Noble was commissioned surveyor of Upland 
 County Dec. 15, 1680. The first surveyor for Chester 
 County was Charles Ashcom, with whom there was con- 
 siderable trouble, and he was at length set aside, in 1686, 
 and Robert Longshore succeeded him. David Powell was, 
 however, the surveyor for tlie Welsh Tract. Henry Hol- 
 lingsworth was the deputy for this county in 1700 and 
 1701, while Penington was surveyor-general, but was suc- 
 ceeded in the latter year by Isaac Taylor, of Thornbury, 
 whose brother Jacob was the next surveyor-general. Un- 
 der Isaac Taylor, his son John made many surveys, and 
 received the commission upon the death of the fornier in 
 1728. He resigned the position in n-iO, after which it 
 may have been that the county was divided into districts. 
 Even before this warrants were frequently directed to other 
 surveyors. John and George Churchman operated exten- 
 sively in the southwest part of the county, and Samuel, 
 Benjamin, and Thomas Lightfoot in the northern part. 
 Samuel Cochran was commissioned March 8, 1792, to be 
 surveyor for the district comprising the counties of Chester 
 and Delaware, in which oflBce he succeeded Charles Dil- 
 worth. James Hindman was commissioned May 17, 
 1809; Arthur Andrews, Jr., Dec. 17, 1813; Emmor 
 Bradley, for Chester County, June 7, 1830 ; Jesse Evans, 
 Aug. 3, 1836. 
 
 EESUEVEYS. 
 Many of the early surveys were executed in a careless 
 manner, and it was discovered after that more land was in- 
 cluded within the lines than should be. There appears to 
 have been an effort to correct these errors at an early date. 
 William Penn, on the 1st of 2d month, 1686, instructed 
 his commissioners,-— 
 
 " That no warrant of reeurvey be granted by you for land within 
 Ave miles of the river Delaware or any navigable river. That all 
 overplus lands, upon resurveys granted by the former commissioners, 
 not already granted finally or not patented, be reserved to my use and 
 disposal. No lands to be laid out next or adjoining to that inhabited, 
 and that in every township one share be reserved for the Proprietary, 
 with all the Indian fields that are in the said township." 
 
 There was probably but little done in the matter until 
 after the proprietary's second visit to the province. A law 
 of property was passed at New Castle in 1700, and con- 
 firmed in 1701, which enacted, among other things, — 
 
 "That any person's lands in this province should be resurveyed, 
 and if upon such resurvey (after allowance of four acres in the hun- 
 dred, over or under, for difference of surveys, and six per cent, for 
 roads) an overplus shall be found, the possessor thereof should have 
 the refusal of it from the Proprietary at reasonable rates; and in case 
 of disagreement about such rates, the Proprietary was to choose two 
 men, and the possessor two more, who should either fix a price on the 
 said overplus land or appoint where it should be taken off for the Pro- 
 prietary, in one entire piece at an outside (saving to the purchaser or 
 renter his improvements and best conveniencies), any three of whom 
 agreeing should be conclusive; and the charges of resurveying should 
 be borne by the purchaser or renter of the main tract, if he bought 
 the overplus, or if not, then by the Proprietary; arid that deficiencies 
 should be made good by the Proprietary, according as he received for 
 overplus land as aforesaid." 
 
 This act caused great dissatisfaction, and in the Assem- 
 bly's address, from which extracts have already been given, 
 it is said that, " under pretence of passing an act for con- 
 firming and securing their lands, etc., thou obtained liberty 
 to resurvey all the lands in the province, and to bring the 
 people to terms for the overplus ; so that by this stratagem 
 the warrants, surveys, and new patents cost the people as 
 much, and to some more, than the first purchase of their 
 lands, beside their long attendance upon thy secretary and 
 surveyors to have their business done." 
 
 Many resurveys were made and overplus land found, as 
 also some deficiencies, but the act expired before all the 
 cases were adjusted, and in 1712 another act was passed 
 relating to property which revived the matter, but this was 
 repealed in Council 20th of February, 1713. After this 
 the subject was dropped, as far as related to payments for 
 overplus lands in early surveys. 
 
 A warrant was directed to Isaac Taylor, 25th of 1st 
 month, 1700-1, ordering him to resurvey the townships 
 of Chichester, Bethel, Concord, and Birmingham. 
 
 The following matter relating to resurveys comes next 
 in the order of time : 
 
 " Philad'u, 26th 9br, 1702. 
 
 " Isaac Taylob, Loving ffrd : 
 
 "Inclosed herewith is copies, one of a War't for John Buckley, in 
 Rocklands, who desired it might be directed to thee, ye other for the 
 Proprietor's use, which, by all means, I would have executed in ye 
 first part of it, viz. : Surveying Stockdale's plantation and dividing ye 
 Gov'rs land from that troublesome man Jno. Grubb; ye other thou 
 may take spme more time to consider of, viz. : Ye laying out 6000 
 acres, at least till we meet when that shall be. 
 
 " I send also a commission to John Buckley, which pray deliver. 
 
152 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 "The comm'rs, upon application made by & non-agreement with 
 Joseph Sharpless, have ordered that thou shall cutt off from his tract 
 lately resurveyed, the 90 acres of overplus found therein, which pray 
 ^form as much to ye Prop'rs advantage as may be, the law being still 
 observed in case he will agree to what is reasonable j if not we must 
 appoint two men, one besides thyself, &, he two others, to determine 
 where the line shall be i-un. 
 
 " Pray press on ye Resurveys where thou thinks there is occasion, 
 for in other places I think, considering the narrowness of time, they 
 may be best forborn, St, shortly I shall send thee another Gen'l Warr't, 
 ^haps by this opportunity. 
 
 " I must again press thee to lett nothing divert thee from the Woods 
 and ye Chain, for following of that I hope will be almost thy only 
 employment for this year to come. 
 
 " I have never yet, that I can call to mind, received one line from 
 thee on any acc't, which I think is strange ; pray fail not to inform 
 me of whatever may be of use to know in that County, Assuring 
 thyself tho,t I am, in all sincerity. Thy real loving ffrd. 
 
 "James Logan. 
 
 "30th, 9br. 
 
 " I must farther add to ye aforegoing That ye Comm'rs having sold 
 and Granted Jno. Bowater 400 acres, to be laid out in that Tract for- 
 merly designed for Gr. Jones, The Warr't is directed to thee, which 
 should be executed with care without any culling or choosing, for that 
 was an unreasonable Grant (250 of it I mean), &, much ag'st my 
 mind j but endeavor that no notice be taken of it among those of your 
 county. 
 
 "If thou canst conveniently meet with T. Pierson, pray discourse 
 him about coming up to resurvey, I doubt this county will be too 
 hard for thee, Sc therefore believe that this with that may employ him 
 for some considerable time. . . . Thy real ffrd, as before, 
 
 "J. Logan." 
 
 A warrant, signed by the commissioners, was directed to 
 Thomas Pierson, surveyor of New Castle County, in the 
 following language : 
 
 "ffor ye Better Discovery of such overplus Land as by ye Careless- 
 ness of surveyors have been left in several Tracts formerly laid out or 
 taken up in Christina Hundred in ye County of New Castle, k in sev- 
 erall townships of ye County of Chester in this Gov'mt. These are 
 to authorize and Require thee to resurvey Exactly and according to 
 art, and by ye lines as near as may be by which they were at first re- 
 spectively granted or Laid out, all such Tracts of Land within ye said 
 Christina Hundred in ye sd County of New Castle, also all such Tracts 
 within any of ye Townships of Darby, Ridley, Springfield, Marple, and 
 Newtown in ye County of Chester, as may be judged to have been ir- 
 regularly or unduly surveyed or measured at or before ye first Grant 
 thereof, or may now be presumed to contain any Quantity of land 
 above ye number of acres they were at first laid out for. Granted, or 
 reputed, and make particular returns of Every such Tract as thou 
 shalt find such overplus in, also Gen'l Returns, as near as may be, of 
 ye whole sd Hundred and whole sd Townships, into ye Gen'l Surveyor's 
 office at Philad'ia, where this warrant is to remain and a copy thereof 
 to be Deliv'd to thee, certified by ye Secretary. Given under our 
 hands and ye seal of ye Province at Philad'a ye i, 11 mo, 1702." 
 
 "Phila. 14, 2, 1703. 
 
 " Loving frd. I. T. I lately sent thee a war't for 475 acres to be 
 laid out near T. Buffington, [for Abiah Taylor,] which if not yet 
 executed, I desire thee to add to it five acres more to complete his 
 purchase, there being but twenty acres allowed for his liberty land. 
 
 "Pray goe on with the Resurvjys with all expedition proceeding to 
 the Townships of Thornbury, Edgem't and Westtown, as far as the 
 first Range of Lotts in ye sd Townships : run without touching with 
 ye Lands entered by ye Welsh, for which thou shalt have a Warr't 
 either accompanying this or sent after. 
 
 " H. Hollingsworth undertakes Middletown, having particularly 
 requested, and thou appeared not onely careless but of opinion it 
 would not answer, which induced me to employ him, together with the 
 backwardness of that county. 
 
 " Pray inform ^ first what thou knows of R. Whitpain's Land in 
 Westtown, what ye quantity is &, whether not broke in upon. 
 
 " I am Thy real frd. J. Logan." 
 
 A warrant was directed to Isaac Taylor on the 27th of 
 2d month, 1703, ordering him to resurvey all the tracts 
 not yet resurveyed in the townships of Aston, Thornbury, 
 Edgeraont, Westtown, and Ridley. Another warrant to 
 Isaac Taylor, Thomas Pierson, and Henry Hollingsworth, 
 dated 20th 3d month, 1703, directed them to resurvey all 
 ye lands " within ye whole Bounds of ye sd County of 
 Chester and manner of Rocklands." 
 
 "Isaac Taylob. 
 
 " Loving frd. Upon the renewed application of Robert Wharton, 
 these are to inform thee (which notwithstanding I suppose is needless,) 
 that the instructions I gave thee to defer the execution of his and 
 other warr'ts was only to ^vent the loss of time about Resurveys, 
 and therefore, if thou canst find an opportunity that will be no hind- 
 rance at all to the other, thou shalt have our free consent, hut would 
 not have those material points postponed. I must also inform thee 
 that I believe we must of necessity gett thee and Henry to extend 
 your works up to Schuylkill, and then you will take in all between 
 that river and Brandywine. D. Powell fails us notwithstanding his 
 engagements, having putt off so long that he will not he able to go 
 throw with it. The Welsh Tract being done by him is excepted. 
 
 " Pray your thoughts on this ^ first that you may have a warr't 
 from 'Thy Loving frd James Logan. 
 
 "Philad'ia 12, Sbr 1703." 
 
 MANORS AND PROPEIETAET RESERVATIONS. 
 
 By the ninth article of " Conditions and Concessions" the 
 proprietary reserved to himself 10,000 acres in every 
 100,000, and this was to be by lot, and to lie in but one 
 place. This agreement was afterwards held to relate only 
 to the first purchasers, and the same may be said of all the 
 conditions and concessions, but it does not appear that 
 there ever were any others agreed upon. As early per- 
 haps as 1686 an attempt was made to locate such a reserva- 
 tion in Chester County, as appears by draughts of adjoining 
 lands, and, as near as can be determined, it must have been 
 intended to embrace a considerable portion of what is now 
 West Bradford township. This, however, was abandoned, 
 and at the time of William Penn's second visit to the prov- 
 ince, nothing more had been done in the matter. The fol- 
 lowing warrant was directed to the surveyor of Chester 
 County : 
 
 " According to the Primitive Regulation for laying out Lands in 
 the Province, by which it was provided that one tenth part of all the 
 lands therein surveyed should be appropriated to the Pro- 
 prietary thereof. And by virtue of a warrant pursuant 
 thereto under the hand and seal of the Proprietary &, 
 ' ' Governour, to me directed, bearing date the 1st day of 
 
 September, 1700. 
 
 " I do hereby authorize and require thee to survey and lay out to 
 the said Proprietary's proper use and behoof, and of his heirs after 
 him, five hundred acres in every Township, consisting of five thousand 
 acres that shall be surveyed, and generally one tenth part of all the 
 lands that shall be laid out in the county of Chester; and make due 
 Returns thereof with a protracted figure of the field work into my 
 officis, which are by the Proprietary and Governour's order to remain 
 there. Given under my hand and seal at Philadelphia the 4th day of 
 the Sth month, 1700. 
 
 " EDW'D PENINGTON, SuBT. Gen. 
 "To HisNEY Hollingsworth, Deputy Surveyor." 
 
 On the back of the original of the above appears this 
 indorsement; "500 in Marlburrow 5, 2 mo, 1701." In a 
 list of proprietary reservations, prepared by Edmund Phy- 
 sick about the year 178-1, the following tracts are given as 
 being in Chester County : A strip of land between Pike- 
 land and Charlestown, 275 acres, 145 perches; a tract in 
 
 j SEAL. 
 
PROPRIETARY INTERESTS AND LAND TITLES. 
 
 153 
 
 Marlborough of 500 acres; 210 acres and 120 perches in 
 I'l^T-u '«' *'''' '" ^^^"°w6eld of 500 acres ; a tract on 
 Schuylkill River, joining Bilton Manor, 160 acres; a tract 
 in West Cain township, 772 acres; a tract called Springton 
 Manor, 10,000 acres ; 63 acres in East Nantmeal ; 2 tracts 
 in Cain township and one in Sadsbury, each containing 
 500 acres. These amount, in the aggregate, to less than 
 14,000 acres, thus falling very far short of one-tenth of the 
 land in the county. The ILst is perhaps incomplete, as ap- 
 pears by the following information, obtained from other 
 sources. In Nottingham township, which was laid out in 
 1702, five lots of 490 acres each were reserved by surveys 
 made on the 11th, 13th, 14th, and 15th days of 3d month, 
 1702, in pursuance of a warrant dated 7th of 1st month, 
 1701. Some, if not all, of these tracts may have been cut 
 off by Mason and Dixon's line and left in Maryland. The 
 tract in Tredyffrin was surveyed 2fith of 2d month, 1765, 
 by warrant of the 13th of the same month, in the name of 
 Israel Davis. That on Schuylkill, joining the manor of 
 Bilton, was surveyed 21st of January, 1733, by warrant 
 of the 16th of the same month, and was in what is now 
 Schuylkill township. The strip of land between Pikeland 
 and Charlestown became a part of the latter township, but it 
 appears to have been surveyed in ten different pieces. The 
 772 acres in West Cain were surveyed 20th of October, 
 1733, and of this 40 acres were sold to Jeremiah Piersall. 
 Of the two other tracts in Cain, of 500 acres each, one was 
 surveyed 30th of June, 1703, near what is now the north- 
 east corner of Valley township. The other is in West 
 Brandywine, and was probably laid out 4th of November, 
 1708, as it appears by Isaac Taylor's account that he sur- 
 veyed such an amount at that date. Another tract was 
 surveyed 9th of 2d month, 1703, on Beaver Creek, or one 
 of its branches, near where it crosses the southern line of 
 East Brandywine, but this was probably abandoned for a 
 tetter location. The tract in Fallowficld was surveyed 
 Oct. 13, 1714, and that in Sadsbury on the 31st of May, 
 1709. 
 
 With the exception of Springton Manor, none of these 
 reservations were of much size, and even this was small, 
 compared with some of the reservations in other counties. 
 In York County a tract called Maske Manor contained 
 43,500 acres, and Springetsbury Manor, in the same 
 county, including a tract on which Yorktown stood, and 
 another tract of 2000 acres, contained 64,520 acres. As 
 the adjoining lands became settled and improved these 
 tracts increased in value, and about the year 1740 those in 
 Chester County were estimated to be worth from thirty- 
 five to forty pounds per hundred acres, or from two to 
 three times as much as the common lands had been sold 
 for. Although the Penns held these reservations as private 
 property, they were not willing that they should be taxed 
 for purposes of common defense, and this was the occasion 
 for long and tedious disputes between the Assembly and 
 different Governors of the province. 
 
 The manor of Springton, or Springtown, as it was gen- 
 erally written, included nearly, if not quite all, the present 
 township of Wallace, and also portions of the southeastern 
 parts of Honeybrook and West Nantmeal. The south line 
 of the manor remains, as the north line of East and West 
 20 
 
 Brandywine, but the other sides consisted of many courses 
 and distances, none of which appear on our county map. 
 It is rather to be regretted that Springton, or Springtown, 
 was not adopted as the name of the township, which coin- 
 cided so nearly with the extent of the old manor. We 
 have, however, a lingering reminder in the name of the 
 church and post-office of Brandywine Manor. 
 
 The earliest mention of the name which has come to 
 notice is under date of March 6, 1700, and appears as a 
 memorandum of an order for survey, thus: "100,000 
 acres (qr. if not designed for 10,000), in one tract the 
 nearest of Land, unsurveycd in the County of Chester, to 
 bo erected into a manor, and called by the name of Spring- 
 town in Lieu of one formerly laid out." 
 
 The manor formerly laid out was probably the one before 
 referred to as embracing a large part of West Bradford. 
 In 1709 a tract was surveyed " at the great meadow," on 
 branch of Pickering Creek, and in the draught is represented 
 as adjoining to the " Reputed Manor of Springtown." This 
 location was probably abandoned on account of interfering 
 with earlier surveys. On the 9th of 2d month, 1714, 
 James Steel writes to Isaac Taylor that " Secretary Logan 
 Desires thee to give him the best account thou can of the 
 manner of Springtown," and " Thou art alsoe desired to 
 reserve some Land in that county for the Prop'r, & that 
 the said manner of Springtown may be found there." On 
 the 17th of 7th month following he writes: 
 
 " Secretary Logan had thy letter but having took Physick this day 
 could not answer it, he says thou need not lay out any more of what 
 thou writ to him about, but be sure to remember Springtowne." 
 
 In a memorandum-book appears the following entry by 
 John Taylor, under date of March 18, 1729-30 : " finished 
 Springtowne manor." 
 
 The following correspondence, relating to this and some 
 other matters of interest, is given in full : 
 
 " Philadelphia, 14 12th mo., 1729-30. 
 
 " My Friend Jno. Taylok, 
 
 " When thou was last here, as well as before, I particularly recom- 
 mended to thee that unfortunate manor of Springtown, which has 
 been no less than three several times in as many different places laid 
 out, and is the only spott left in the county of Chester, to answer the 
 holding expressed in every patent for land granted in it; yet I am 
 told, tho' I hope tis a mistake, that thou hast made some surveys of 
 late in ye tract last surveyed for it, particularly for one Green, (if I 
 remember the name right,) as also for some others, which can never 
 be allowed for the reason above mentioned. If ye survey of that 
 mannor be not yet in ye office Pray return it without delay, that it 
 may at length be secured. . . . 
 
 " Thy real friend, 
 
 "J. Logan." 
 
 In the above letter reference is made to the fact that 
 every patent for land in Chester County contains the state- 
 ment that the same is held " as of the manor of Spring- 
 town." This is not strictly true, however, as will be seen 
 by the patent for a tract including the township of Ken- 
 net, and which extended into the county of New Castle, 
 hence was held " as of our manor of Rocklands.'' The 
 idea seems to have been that the manor was the seat of the 
 chief " lord of "the fee,'' and the other lands were held as 
 dependencies thereof. 
 
 " Friend John Taylou, 
 
 " Being informed that several persons have settled themselves on 
 the tract of Land called Springtown manor, In Chester county, without 
 
154 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTS, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 any license for their soe doing, the Proprietor has ordered me to re- 
 quest thee to charge those people to desist and forbear making any 
 further spoile, for he will not suffer any of those tracts laid out for 
 manners, to he settled, without his consent first obtained for such pur- 
 pose, and that they must without delay remove from thence, or they 
 will be prosecuted as the law directs. 
 
 "Thy friend, 
 
 "James Steel. 
 " Philadelphia 7th, 9br, 1732." 
 
 " My Friend J. Tatlob, 
 
 " I waited on the Prop'r with thy Letter in favour of Mich'l Graham. 
 He was pleased to say that those who are settled on Springton manner, 
 and can readily pay for the Land they incline to hold, may have 
 Grants for the same, at or about the price which the two 500 acre lots 
 in that neighborhood, belonging to the Prop'rs were sold for. But as 
 there often happens to be a great inequality in the goodness of large 
 Tracts of Land, it is not to be doubted but the like difference will ap- 
 pear in this, and therefore those who are settled on the best spots ought 
 to pay in proportion to its goodness, and those on the most ord'nary, 
 in like manner an abatement should be made, and for that purpose the 
 Prop'r would have each Lot or settlement noated as well in respect of 
 the goodness as quantity, the better to enable him in fixing the differ- 
 ent rates or prices. He desires thee to acquaint the People of these 
 Terms and those that cannot comply must remove from thence. I am 
 thy real, loving friend, 
 
 "J. Steel. 
 
 " Those two lots were sold for £45 p ot. 
 
 "Philadelphia, 22d — mo., 1737." 
 
 " To Mr. JoHS Taylor, 
 
 " Sir : — I have it on charge from the Proprietary to desire that im- 
 mediately, or so soon as you can conveniently, you will examine and 
 adjust the lines of the manor of Springton, and divide the whole into 
 Tracts of two hundred acres or thereabouts, that being the quantity 
 His Honour would have all the plantations on the monor to consist of, 
 or within a little of it, according to the nature of the place, except 
 where ye mill stands and there is to be at least seven hundred acres 
 Laid out, or more, if when yon come to lay it out, you shall think 
 proper, and all this you are to do without regard to any improvements 
 that have been presumed to be made within the Bounds of the manor. 
 
 " If you are obstructed in the making any lines that may be neces- 
 sary to answer the Proprietor's purpose, in the above order, it is His 
 Honour's express direction, that you apply to the next Justice of the 
 Peace for such Warrants and commitments as the Laws of this Prov- 
 ince direct them to issue in eases of intrusion and Tortious Entry, or 
 Breaches of the Peace. 
 
 " I am your Humble servant, 
 
 "Richard Peters. 
 
 "Secretaries Office 26th October, 1739." 
 
 " My Friend John Taylor, 
 
 " Since I last parted with thee (which I think was at Chester,) our 
 Proprietor has frequently asked me if the manor of Springton was 
 yet divided and the vacant lands in that neighborhood, Coventry and 
 Nantmell, viewed and described as was desired to be done by thee. 
 To which I could only answer him in the terms by thee given at Ches- 
 ter, viz. : that so soon as the weather was fit to go into the woods for 
 that purpose, thou would without further delay finish that work, but not 
 having heard anything since relating thereunto, I now again request 
 thee that if it be not already done, it may no longer he delayed. 
 " Thy assured friend, 
 
 "J. Steel. 
 " Philadelphia 23d 2d mo., 1640." 
 
 " May it please your Honor, 
 
 " Upon my return from the woods last night I received James Steel's 
 letter of the 6th inst., signifying that your Honour required me to 
 bring you in a week's time a Draught of Springtown mannor, with 
 the divisions therein, as also Draughts of all your vacant Lands in 
 the Townships of Coventry and Nantmell. 
 
 " The last part of this demand is more than any one surveyor can 
 comply with in a month's time, and is ten time? as much as your 
 Honour ever before gave me in charge, your directions being only for 
 Draughts of Lands taken up by Nutt and Branson, which were ac- 
 cordingly prepared. 
 
 "But the danger of your displeasure in case of failure in any part, 
 as signified in James Steel's letter, instead of hurrying me on so vast 
 
 a Task, has given me an entire discharge from all Drudgery of the 
 kind, and I have no more to do than to wish you a better surveyor 
 than one who is notorious to have done more for your interest, when 
 your affairs seemed to call for the strictest assiduity, than any sur- 
 veyor now living, and I can wish your Honour no greater felicity than 
 to be as well pleased and easy as I am. 
 
 " Your most humble servant, 
 
 "John Taylob. 
 "Chester, Mriy 12th, 1740." 
 
 SERVANTS' OK HEAD LAND. 
 
 Those who came into the province as servants were to be 
 allowed, at the end of their service, to take up fifty acres of 
 land at a rent of one half-penny sterling per acre per an- 
 num. This offer was held out by Penn as an inducement 
 to a poor but industrious class of persons to become settlers 
 in the new colony ; but this privilege was allowed to such 
 only as came in with the first purchasers. Many who thus 
 came as servants afterward became among the most Useful 
 members of society, and some attained to prominent posi- 
 tions in government. The term of servants was not con- 
 fined to such as performed the most common drudgery, but 
 was applied to those who labored at any trade or calling for 
 a certain salary. Thus Richard Townsend, a person of 
 some note in the early settlement of the province, as a car- 
 penter, was servant to the Society of Traders for five years, 
 at a salary of £50 per annum. We are inclined to suspect 
 that, in order to secure the benefit, the meaning of the term 
 was sometimes stretched in its application as far as it would 
 bear. The land thus obtained was called head-land, and, 
 as previously stated, the whole amount surveyed for the 
 right of servants was 457 If acres. The warrants of sur- 
 vey, were sometimes in this style : 
 
 " Whereas, A. B. hath made it appear that he came into this prov- 
 ince with the first adventurers a servant to C. D., and hath thereupon 
 requested that we would grant him to take up his proportion of head- 
 land," etc. 
 
 Some of them contain the words " in the townships al- 
 lotted to servants," and there may have been a township at 
 first intended for such a purpose, but it was not in Chester 
 County. One warrant runs thus : 
 
 " At the Bequest of John Baldwin that we would grant him to take 
 up one hundred acres of head-land at one half-penny sterling Rent ^ 
 acre ^ annum, fifty thereof in right of his own service to Joshua 
 Hastings and fifty in right of his wife Kathorine, serv't to John Blun- 
 ston. These are to authorize and Require thee to survey and lay out 
 to the said John Baldwin the said number of one hundred acres of 
 Land in the Tract appropriated to Servants or elsewhere in the prov- 
 ince not already surveyed nor taken up," etc. Dated 30th i mo,, 
 1702. 
 
 This land was surveyed in Cain township, as was also 
 150 acres more, but beyond this the township does not 
 appear to have been " appropriated to servants." John 
 Ealdwin was a merchant residing in Chester, and in the 
 assessment of 1722 his estate stands the third in value in 
 a list of over sixty taxables in that township. Isaac Taylor 
 purchased the rights of fourteen servants, amounting to 
 700 acres, and of this 500 acres were laid out, at several 
 surveys, on the east branch of Brandywine, in East Brad- 
 ford, just north of the Strasburg road, and the other 200 
 acres in Marlborough, not far from the present village of 
 Unionville. 800 acres were laid out in Sadsbury, and 250 
 in Bensalem (a short-lived township), all in right of ser- 
 
PROPRIETARY INTERESTS AND LAND TITLES. 
 
 155 
 
 vants. The aggregate of these surveys amounts to 2000 
 acres, from which it appears that a good proportion of the 
 servants' land was located in Chester County. 
 
 QUIT-KENTS. 
 As quit-rents have become obsolete, and many persons 
 are ignorant of their nature, a short explanation may not 
 be out of place here. They appear to have originated from 
 the feudal system, under which all the land was supposed 
 to belong to the king, and those who occupied lands were 
 allowed to do so in consideration of personal services of 
 various kinds, but chiefly those of a military character. 
 These services were not always rendered immediately to the 
 king, but often to an intermediate class, as the barons, who 
 in turn were tenants under the king. From this arose the 
 custom of paying a fee or fine in lieu of personal service, 
 and by a quit-rent it is to be understood that the tenant 
 goes quit or free of further service. In the course of time 
 this institution, like many others, lost much of its original 
 significance, and at the time William Penn sold lands in 
 his province quit-rents were probably regarded merely as a 
 judicious method for securing a revenue. He says, in his 
 proposals to the early purchasers, — 
 
 ''The shares I sell be certain as to the number of acres; that is to 
 say, every one shall contain five thousand acres; the price one hun- 
 dred pounds; and for the quit-rent, one English shilling, or the value 
 of it yearly, for a hundred acres ; which such as will, may now, or 
 hereafter buy off to an inconsiderable matter; but as I hold by a small 
 rent of the King, so all must hold of me by a small rent for their own 
 security,*' etc. 
 
 This privilege of buying oflF the quit-rents to a small 
 amount was embraced by some of the early purchasers of 
 large amounts of land in Pennsylvania, but does not appear 
 to have been continued by William Penn's successors. 
 The early settlers regarded them as a grievance, and avoided 
 paying them as much as possible, so that the collectors were 
 often obliged to have recourse to the law to compel pay- 
 ments. In a letter to Thomas Lloyd, dated 7th month, 
 1686, Penn complains that, although his quit-rents were in 
 value at least £500 per annum at that time, yet he could 
 not get one penny. A list was kept by the receiver-gen- 
 eral of all the owners of land, with the situation, number 
 of acres, etc., and this was called the rent-roll. By the 
 terms of the charter, Pennsylvania was to be held by 
 William Penn, — 
 
 "In free and common soccage hy fealty only, for all services and 
 not in capite, or by knight service ; yielding and paying therefore to 
 us, our heirs and successors, two Beaver akine, to be delivered at our 
 castle of Windsor, on the first day of January in every year; and 
 also the fifth part of all gold and silver ore which shall, from time to 
 time, appear to be found within the limits aforesaid, clear of all 
 charges." 
 
 Some of the early purchasers obtained their lands from 
 Penn at a merely nominal quit-rent, and the grants to the 
 different branches of the family were on similar terms. 
 Thus 10,000 acres are set down at an Indian corn, and 
 40,000 at a red rose for each 10,000 acres. The London 
 company purchased 60,000 acres, on which the quit-rent 
 was to be two beaver-skins per annum, while the Society 
 of Traders obtained 20,000 acres, and other purchasers 
 101,760 more, at a quit-rent of one shilling for each thou- 
 
 sand acres. By the patent-books it appears that the land 
 in Chester County was patented, under various quit-rents, in 
 the following amounts ; At one shilling per hundred acres, 
 262,031f ; at one shilling per thousand acres, 13,524; at 
 a penny per acre, 3933 ; at a half-penny per acre, 86,612 J ; 
 at a bushel of wheat per hundred acres, 5904 ; various 
 tracts of 200, 93, 73, 202, 20U, 200, 400, 200, and 10 
 acres at one shilling each ; 900 acres at a peppercorn ; 124 
 at three bushels of wheat; 491 at 10 bushels, and 2J at 
 one bushel ; 1 13 acres at £2 16s. 6d. 
 
 The act vesting the estates of the proprietaries in this 
 Commonwealth abolished all quit-rents payable to them 
 except in the tenths or reserved manors, and in these, we 
 suppose, the owners have bought therii off', or otherwise the 
 custom has fallen into disuse. The township of Newlin 
 was originally surveyed to the Free Society of Traders', who 
 held their land at a quit-rent of one shilling per thousand 
 acres, yet Nathaniel Newlin, who purchased the tract, sold 
 the land at a higher rate of quit-rent, which was reserved 
 to himself and his heirs, to whom it was paid for a long 
 time. Of course there was nothing to prevent any one 
 from selling land with such a reservation to himself and 
 his heirs, provided he could find a purchaser, but under the 
 circumstances the term of quit-tent would have none of its 
 original meaning. We have something of a similar nature 
 in irredeemable ground-rents. 
 
 TOWNSHIP SURVEYS. 
 
 From the " Conditions and Concessions," before referred 
 to, it appears to have been a part of the original plan to 
 lay out the province in regular townships of five or ten 
 thousand acres, and the clause " according to the method 
 of townships appointed" was inserted in the warrants of 
 survey. It must soon have been found impossible to pre- 
 serve regularity, yet this clause was continued in the war- 
 rants until after the Revolution. In a letter to the Marquis 
 of Halifax, dated 9th of 12th month, 1683, Penn says, — 
 
 "I suppose we may be 500 farmers strong. I settle tbem in villages, 
 dividing five thousand acres among ten, fifteen or twenty families, as 
 their ability is to plant it." 
 
 In Bucks and what is now Montgomery County there 
 was rather more regularity in the township lines than in 
 Chester County. Concord township, as originally laid out 
 in 1683, probably represented the proprietary's ideal in this 
 matter, as it contained a street or road through the centre 
 from north to south, and the sub-divisions were all laid out 
 with a proportionate width of front on the street, the 
 whole comprising 6000 acres, but an addition has since 
 been made to the southwest corner, destroying its rectan- 
 gular form. The settlers were generally allowed to take up 
 lands where they pleased, and the method of townships was 
 soon lost sight of. There is now no township in Chester 
 County which was laid out as such originally, though some 
 of them, as Westtown and the two Pikelands, preserve the 
 lines of early surveys. Marlborough was the only one 
 within our present limits which appears to have been laid 
 out according to method, but by the addition of adjoining 
 land the original form is lost. Marlborough was laid out 
 in 1700 and 1701, and contained a street running east and 
 west through the middle, while the line separating the lands 
 
156 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 of the different purchasers ran north and south from the 
 street to the edge of the township. A public road occupies 
 the place of the street, and is well known as the Marlbor- 
 ough Street. Other large tracts were laid out for individ- 
 uals and companies, which eventually became townships, 
 as was the case with New Garden, Londongrove, Newlin, 
 Pikeland, and Vincent. The formation of townships and 
 counties proceeded, in general, in a somewhat similar man- 
 ner. As the settlements extended, and the inhabitants 
 became sufficiently numerous for purposes of civil organi- 
 zation, new townships were established. The boundaries, 
 
 however, often remained indefinite for a long time, until 
 the inhabitants would petition the court, setting forth that 
 they labored under great disadvantages thereby, and "praying 
 that the lines might be settled. It would be a matter of 
 interest now to know who suggested the various names, and 
 the times when' they were first adopted, but in many cases 
 these can only be inferred. In that part of Chester now 
 included in Delaware County the township lines were 
 established early, and have remained, with but little altera- 
 tion, to this time, while in our present county the process 
 of division and construction is still in operation. 
 
 BOUNDARY LINES. 
 
 MASON AND DIXON'S LINE. 
 
 The southern boundary of Chester County exhibits some 
 striking peculiarities. Its eastern end consists of an arc of 
 a circle, commencing at the Delaware, and ending at a point 
 where it strikes the north-and-south line separating the 
 States of Delaware and Maryland. From this point it 
 runs north to the northeast corner of Maryland, in latitude 
 39° 43' 26.3", and thence westward on that parallel. This 
 peculiar line is one of our " geographical celebrities,'' the 
 exact history of which is known to but few, even of our 
 citizens. Why the line between Pennsylvania and Dela- 
 ware is a curved line, how happens that curious little peak, 
 running down to a point, between the circular boundary of,' 
 Delaware on the one side and the eastern boundary of 
 Maryland on the other, and why the line from that west- 
 ward is on that odd parallel of latitude, are questions which 
 we shall endeavor to answer briefly. What has been writ- 
 ten upon the subject of the boundary lines between Penn- 
 sylvania and Maryland during disputes which lasted more 
 than a century, and as a historical review thereof, is so 
 voluminous that it is difficult to give a fair synopsis within 
 the limits of this work. 
 
 Before attempting a detailed explanation it may be well 
 to show what points we wish to prove, which are these : 
 The circular line of Delaware arises from the charter to 
 William Penn being limited in that direction to twelve 
 miles from New Castle, then claimed by the Duke of York. 
 The line dividing the peninsula between Maryland and 
 Delaware resulted from an attempt to " split the difference" 
 between contending proprietors. The southern line of 
 Chester County, bordering on Maryland, was fixed by 
 agreement at fifteen miles southward of the southern part 
 of Philadelphia City, as then laid out. Other points will 
 appear hereafter. 
 
 The Dutch, as has been shown, made a settlement near 
 the mouth of Lewes Creek in 1631, but this was utterly, 
 destroyed by the Indians, perhaps in less than a year there- 
 after, and no other actual- settlement made on that side of th^, 
 
 bay or river until the arrival of the Swedes in 1638. On 
 June 20, 1632, Charles I. granted a patent to Caecilius 
 Calvert, Baron of Baltimore, Ireland, in effect for all the 
 present State of Maryland, and including what is now 
 Delaware, and limited to the northward by the fortieth de-: 
 gree of latitude. By the words of the charter he was 
 restricted to lands hitherto unsettled or uncultivated (hac- 
 tenus inculta), and the previous, though unfortunate, settle- 
 ment of the Dutch was afterwards made the pretext for 
 excluding Lord Baltimore from that part of the peninsula 
 lying on Delaware Bay. When, in 1631-, he took posses- 
 sion of his territory it was uninhabited by civilized men, 
 and had he then made a settlement on the Delaware there 
 would have been no trouble. He did not do so, and the 
 Swedes in 1638 settled thereon and prospered. In 1655 
 the Dutch took possession by force, and dated back their 
 title to the first settlement in 1631. In 1659, Governor 
 Fendall, on behalf of the proprietary of Maryland, pro- 
 tested against the Dutch occupation; and in a conference 
 which ensued the commissioners on this side suggested the 
 division of the peninsula, to which the Marylanders Te- 
 fused to listen,- but, not being prepared to enforce their 
 claims by arms, nothing more than remonstrance was at- 
 tempted. 
 
 On March 12, 1664, Charles II. gave to his brother 
 James, Duke of York, a patent for the territory extending 
 from the east' side of Delaware Bay northward and 
 eastward, including the Hudson River, Long Island, etc., 
 and the latter by conquest extended his jurisdiction also 
 over the western shore of the Delaware. The Dutch re- 
 captured their territory in 1673, but surrendered it in the 
 following year, and a new grant was made to the Duke of 
 York, June 29, 1674, for the same premises. When, iff 
 1680, William Penn was pressing his application for a. 
 grant of land, some correspondence was held between the, 
 secretary of the Lords' commissioners of trade and plan-r 
 tations and Sir John Werden, agent for the Duke of York., 
 The duke had expressed a wish to reserve the. territory 
 
BOUNDARY LINES. 
 
 157 
 
 twenty or thirty miles northward of New Castle, and Penn, 
 on the other hand, had suggested twelve miles, but the 
 following letter, dated Nov. 23, 1680, will explain the situ- 
 ation more, fully : i 
 
 "Sir,^Mr. Penn having often fallen into discourse with me of his 
 oonoeins in America since I wrote to y:ou on Saturday, I have told him 
 t)ie substance of what T wrote, and he seems to fear that if his south 
 limits be rightly set at twenty or thirty miles north from New Castle 
 Town he shall have so little of the river left as very much to prevent 
 the hopes he hath of improving the rest within his patent ; but, on 
 the other side he is willing that twelve English miles north of New 
 Castle be his boundary, and believes the distance will fall under the 
 beginning of the- fortieth degree of latitude; I have already signified 
 to you all I know of the Duke's mind herein, which is in general to 
 keep some convenient distance from New Castle northwards for a 
 boundary to that colony. But I confess I do not understand why it 
 is precisely necessiiry to> insist on Just such a number of miles, more 
 or less, in a country of which we know so little, and when all the 
 benefits are intended to this patentee which others gnjoy ; so as I sub- 
 mit this point to their Lordships' consideration, and do not think it 
 material to add more at present from 
 
 " Tour very affectionate Friend and Servant, 
 
 "Jo. Wepden." 
 
 • The bounds were therefore fixed at the distance of twelve 
 miles from New Castle, but when Penn's commissioners 
 arrived in the province an unexpected difficulty arose. It 
 tyas. discovered, that Lord Baltimore's patent, if extended 
 to the fortieth degree of latitude, would include the pro- 
 posjed site of the city of Philadelphia, and leave no valuable 
 harbor in Pennsylvania. To remedy this defect, Penn ap- 
 plied for and obtained from the Duke of York a deed for 
 New .Castle and the territory twelve miles around it, dated 
 Aug. 24, 1682 ; and by another deed of the same date became 
 the owner of the territory extending southward from this to 
 the Whorekills, otherwise called Cape Henlopen. To this 
 land the duke had really at the time no right except by 
 Qonquest, yet it was subsequently confirmed to him by the 
 king, which confirmation inured to the benefit of his 
 grantee. Meanwhile, Lord Baltimore protested against 
 this disposal of lands within his charter, and finally, the 
 duke having succeeded his brother as king, it was decided 
 by his Council, Nov. 7, 1685, — 
 
 " That for avoiding further differences, the tract of land lying be- 
 tween the Bay of Delaware and the Eastern Sea on the one side, and 
 the Chesapeake Bay on the other, be divided into equal parts, by a 
 line from the latitude of Cape Henlopen to the fortieth degree of 
 North latitude, the Southern boundary of Pennsylvania by Charter, — 
 and that the one-half thereof lying toward the Bay of Delaware and 
 the Eastern Sea, be adjudged to belong to His Majesty, and the other 
 half to the Lord Baltimore, as comprised in his Charter." 
 
 • The decrees of royalty not being as debatable just then 
 as they have been since, of course the recent conveyance 
 of the eastern half of the peninsula to William Penn hy 
 His Majesty while Duke of York was regarded as entirely 
 valid. This decree, however, did not remove the difficulty 
 existing between the proprietaries, for the true situation 
 of Cape Henlopen was still uncertain, and the middle of 
 the peninsula was yet to be ascertained. 
 
 The occurrence of death among the parties, and the ex- 
 istence of a litigious spirit, protracted the dispute until the 
 10th of May, 1732, when an agreement was entered into 
 by the sons of William Penn and Charles Lord Baltimore, 
 great-grandson of the original patentee of Maryland. They 
 mutually agreed : " ■ 
 
 " That a semicircle should be dr»,wn at twelve English statute miles 
 around New Castle, agreeably, to the deed of the Duke of York to 
 William Penn, in 1682; thjit ah East and West line should be drawn 
 beginning at Cape Henlopen — which was admitted to be below Cape 
 Cornelius [the^j-eseii* Cape Henlopen] — and running Westward to the 
 exact middle of the Peninsula; that from the exact middle of the 
 Peninsula, between the two bays of Chesapeake and Delaware, and 
 the end of the line intersecting it in the latitude of Cape Henlopen, 
 a line should be run northward, so as to form a tangent with the 
 periphery of the semicircle at New Castle, drawn with the radius of 
 twelve English statute miles, whether such a line should take a due 
 North course or not; that after the said Northwardly line should 
 tpueh the New Castle semicircle, it should he run further Northward 
 until it reached the same latitude as fifteen English statute miles due 
 South of the most Southern part of the City of Philadelphia; that 
 from the Northern point of such line, a due West line should be run, 
 at least for the present, across the Susquehanna river, and 26 miles 
 beyond it, — and to the Western limits of Pennsylvania, when occasion 
 and the improvements of the country should require ; that that part ' 
 of the due West line not actually run, though imaginary, should be 
 considered to be the true boundary of Mairyland and Pennsylvania;'' 
 
 . . . and " that the route should be well marked by ti-ees and other 
 natural objects, and designated by stone pillars, sculptured with the 
 arms of the contracting parties, facing theirj'espective possessions." 
 
 This important document, though seemingly so free from 
 ambiguity, was afterwards the subject of much litigation, 
 but was finally carried into complete eiFect in all its parts. 
 It accounts for the remarkable boundar-ies of the " three 
 lower counties." 
 
 It appears by the notes of John Taylor, surveyor of 
 Chester County, that* in December, 1732, he measured a 
 line of twelve miles in length from " John French's corner," 
 in New Castle, N. 84° 15' W., to a post in Enoch Mor- 
 gan's field. He then ran southward on an arc of the 
 circle by chords of 33J perches, 1^ inches, varying the 
 course half a degree at each succeeding station. From 
 the end of the West line he ran N. 5° 45' E., thus: 
 December 22d, 800 perches, to John Rankin's ; December 
 27th, 960 perches, to a run by Philip Douglass' ; De-- 
 cember 28th, 800 perches, to Widow Corry's field ; 29th, 
 928 perches, to Nottingham road ; and 30th, 672 perches, 
 to the Widow Pusey's (10 outs and 4 chains, wanting 5 
 links thereof come to John Allen's barn), — the whole 
 being 13 miles. In March following the line was extended 
 northward to Chambers' line, 6 J miles farther. In April 
 a west line from Philadelphia was run, and it was ascer- 
 tained that from the parallel of New Castle to that of 
 Philadelphia was 18 miles, 313 perches. In September, 
 1733, John Taylor went to New Castle to wait on the 
 commissioners for dividing the provinces, but it does not 
 appear that anythitig was done. • In October, 1734, ho 
 received a warrant, by which he ran a line westward from 
 Susquehanna to " Gonegochege" between the 22d of October 
 and the 6th of November. These operations do not appear 
 to have been with the- concurrence of the Maryland author- 
 ities, and therefore did not settle the vexed question. 
 
 The quiet of the provinces continuing to be interrupted 
 by the conflicting claims of settlers along the border, both 
 parties applied in 1737 to the king's Council for some 
 order which should lessen or allay these ferments. An 
 amicable temporary arrangement, however, was in the 
 mean time efi^cted by the parties, and they agreed " that 
 all the vacant land not now possessed by or under either, 
 of .them, on the east side of the Susquehanna River down 
 
158 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 as far as JSfteen miles and a quarter south of the latitude of 
 the most southern part of the city of Philadelphia, and on 
 the west side of Susquehanna as far south as fourteen 
 miles and three-quarters south of the latitude of the most 
 southern part of the city of Philadelphia, should be subject 
 to the temporary and provisional jurisdiction of Pennsyl- 
 vania; and that all vacant land not possessed by or under 
 either, on both sides of the Susquehanna south of the said 
 temporary limits, should be subject to the jurisdiction of 
 Maryland, until the boundaries were finally settled, but to 
 be without prejudice to either party." And when this 
 convention was reported to the Council, His Majesty was 
 pleased to order that the proprietaries of the said respec- 
 tive provinces of Maryland and Pennsylvania do cause the 
 said agreement to be carried into execution. 
 
 In December, 1738, it appears a line was run by certain 
 " Jersey commissioners," and in April following Richard 
 Peters and Lawrence Growdon, on the part of Pennsylvania, 
 and Col. Levin Gale and Samuel Chamberlaine, on that of 
 Maryland, with Renjamin Eastburn and William Rumsey 
 as surveyors, proceeded to fix the line as far as the Susque- 
 hanna River. This was not accomplished without many 
 disputes as to whether the measurements should be on the 
 surface of the earth, without allowance for altitude of the 
 hills; whether the ordinary chain, which was a little 
 longer than exact measure, should be used, etc. 
 
 In 1750 another attempt was made to settle some of the 
 boundaries, at which time William Parsons was the chief 
 surveyor on the side of Pennsylvania, and the commis- 
 sioners Richard Peters, William Allen, Esq., Tench 
 Francis, Thomas Hopkinson, Thomas Cookson, Ryves 
 Holt, and Renjamin Chew. Among the items of expenses 
 on this occasion were a hogshead of port wine, 1 1 gallons 
 of spirits, and 42 gallons of rum, costing, in all, £27. 12s. 6d. 
 The Maryland commissioners again conjured up difficulties, 
 and little was accomplished. On July 4, 1760, an agree- 
 ment was entered into between Frederick Lord Raltimore 
 and the Penns, by which the controversy was finally ended. 
 Commissioners were appointed, who, with the aid of com- 
 petent surveyors, traced the east-and-west peninsular line, 
 — the twelve-mile circle in part, — and fixed the tangent- 
 point in the periphery of the circle. 
 
 Their progress, however, was slow, and the proprietaries, 
 becoming dissatisfied, dismissed them, and agreed with 
 Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, noted mathematicians 
 and surveyors of London, to complete the work. They 
 were to receive, besides maintenance, ten shillings sixpence 
 each per day coming and returning, and one guinea per 
 day while in America. Their arrival was on Nov. 15 
 1763, and, having received instructions,, in the following 
 month set about the execution of their task. 
 
 They caused an observatory to be erected on Cedar (now 
 South) Street, the most southern part of the city of Phila- 
 delphia, and ascertained its latitude to be 39° 56' 29" 
 From thence, in January and February, 1764, they ran a 
 line westward a distance of thirty-one miles, to a point on 
 land now owned by Joel Harlin, in Newlin township, a 
 short distance west of the Chester County almshouse, and 
 there planted a stone, which was long known in the vicin- 
 age as the " star-gazers' stone." This lino passed nearly a 
 
 mile and a half south of the court-house in West Chester, 
 and crossed the east branch of the Brandywine about Jef- 
 feris' Ford. The object in running the line thus far west 
 was to avoid crossing the large streams flowing into the 
 Delaware. From this point — the star-gazers' stone — they 
 ran a due south line fifteen miles, to the latitude of what 
 was to be the great west line, and there planted a post. In 
 running the first mile of this south line they crossed the 
 west branch of Brandywine three times; had they extended 
 their west line half a mile farther, they would have crossed 
 it but once. 
 
 They examined the Work of their predecessors, and 
 adopted of it the running of the due west line from Cape 
 Henlopen to its termination, midway between said cape and 
 the shore of Chesapeake Bay, the trace and measurement 
 of the radius of twelve miles from New Castle court-house 
 and the determination of the tangent-point in the circle. 
 The lines traced by their predecessors in their attempts to 
 run the tangent-line — a line of nearly eighty-two miles in 
 length — were, however, of great use in finally establishing 
 that line. They ran and established the tangent-line from 
 the middle of the peninsula line to the tangent-point, and 
 caused both it and the peninsula line from the ocean to the 
 middle point to be marked. This occupied the summer of 
 1764. 
 
 They then went to the point where they had planted a 
 post, at the end of the fifteen miles south from the most 
 Southern part of Philadelphia, and ran a parallel of latitude 
 westward a short distance, so as to be as far west as the 
 longitude of the tangent-point. They next proceeded to the 
 tangent-point, where the tangent-line, already run, ended, 
 on the periphery of the circle, and ran a due north line 
 from this point until it intersected the said parallel of lati- 
 tude ; and at the point of intersection, in a ravine near a 
 spring, they caused a stone to be planted, fixing the north- 
 east corner of Maryland. 
 
 Having ascertained this point to be in latitude 39° 43' 
 32" (more accurate observations now make it 39° 43' 26.3"), 
 they ran a line west to the Susquehanna, and verified the 
 latitude there. 
 
 The due north line from the tangent-point cut the semi- 
 circle, throwing a little bow or arc to the west of the line, 
 which, by the agreement of the parties, was to go to New 
 Castle County. The portion of the semicircle thus cut off 
 is about one and a half miles long at the base, and its mid- 
 dle width is one hundred and sixteen feet. The surveyors, 
 after running the west line to the Susquehanna, returned to 
 the tangent-point, and ran and marked this little bow or arc. 
 This was the only part of the circular line which they ran. 
 Lord Baltimore having no concern in the residue of it, and 
 their business being simply to establish the line between 
 Penn and Baltimore. Where the due north line from the 
 tangent-point cut the circle is the point of junction of the 
 three States of Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland,—, 
 an important point, which they caused to be well ascer- 
 tained and marked. The distance from this point of inter- 
 section to the northeast corner of Maryland is a little over 
 three and a half miles, and from this corner due east to the 
 circle a little over three-fourths of a mile, the territory be- 
 tween these points constituting the little peak belonging to 
 
BOUNDARY LINES. 
 
 159 
 
 Chester County, running down between the circular bound- 
 ary of Delaware on the one side and the eastern boundary 
 of Maryland on the other. 
 
 The surveyors next proceeded to the Susquehanna, to 
 which they had already run the dtie west line from the 
 northeast corner of Maryland, and resumed their labors in 
 that line. This was in June, 1765. They continued the 
 line westward that season to the Kittatinny Mountains, 
 ninety-five miles from the Susquehanna, and then returned 
 to the settlements to pass the winter. In the spring of 
 1766 they were again at their post, and in that and the 
 following year continued the line until they reached a point 
 two hundred and thirty miles from the northeastern corner 
 of Maryland, and within thirty-six miles of the whole dis- 
 tance to be run in order to make five degrees of longitude 
 from the Delaware. At this point they came to an Indian 
 war-path winding its way through the forest. 
 
 The Indians through whose territory they had been pass- 
 ing had for some time been restless and dissatisfied. They 
 thought this army of surveyors, with their assistants, 
 chain-bearers, rod-men, axe-men, commissaries, cooks, bag- . 
 gage-carriers, servants, and laborers, meant something. 
 " Their untutored minds could not comprehend this mighty 
 gazing at the stars through gun-like instruments, and the 
 daily felling of forests across their hunting-paths." The 
 surveyors were forbidden by them to advance beyond the 
 war-path, and, having no alternative but obedience, they re- 
 traced their steps and returned to Philadelphia. Subse- 
 quently, and by other hands, the line was continued to its 
 termination at the southwest corner of Pennsylvania. 
 
 The agreement of the proprietaries provided that the 
 lines thus run should be marked in a particular manner. 
 This was done as the work progressed by placing at the 
 corners, and at the end of every fifth mile along the lines, a 
 stone, on which was graven the arms of the proprietaries 
 on the sides facing their respective possessions, the inter- 
 mediate miles being noted by stones having the letter M 
 on one side and the letter P on the other. The greater 
 part of these stones were brought from England. In run- 
 ning these lines a vista was cut through the forest twenty 
 feet wide, by felling all the trees and large bushes in that 
 space the entire distance. The stones to mark the lines 
 were erected along the middle of this pathway. These 
 stones thus brought from England were planted about as 
 far west as Sideling Hill, a distance of one hundred and 
 thirty-two miles from the northeast corner of Maryland. 
 There being no adequate means of transporting them from 
 this point, through the forests and over the mountains, 
 their filrther use was abandoned, and the continuation of 
 the line was marked with piles of stone, built some six to 
 eight feet high, on the tops of the ridges, and mountains, as 
 far as the summit of the Alleghanies ; beyond this the line 
 was marked with posts at the end of every mile, with 
 stones built around them. 
 
 THE CIBCULAE LINE. 
 
 The first notice we find of an adjustment of the division 
 
 line between the counties of Upland (afterwards Chester) 
 
 and New Castle is in the records of the Upland Court. 
 
 Under date of Nov. 12, 1678, the following entry occurs : 
 
 "Tho limits and divisions between tliis (Upland) and New Castle 
 county, were this day agreed upon and settled by the Court, and Mr. 
 John Moll, President of New Castle Court, to be as foUoweth : viz. 
 ' This county of Upland to begin from ye north syde of Oele Francens 
 oreeke, otherways called Steenkill, lying in the voght above ye Verd- 
 rietege hoeok, and from the said creek ouer to ye Singletree point on 
 ye east syde of this river.' " 
 
 This description is not very intelligible to a reader of 
 the present day, but may be aided by a brief explanation. 
 The creek called Oele Franoen's, or Steen or Stony Creek, 
 ran through a tract of 1000 acres, granted by the Duke of 
 York in two patents of 1673 and 1676, respectively, to 
 Oele Francen and company. It is not now known as Stony 
 .Creek, except by tradition, but bears the name of Quarry 
 Creek, and crosses the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Balti- 
 more Eailroad about three and three-quarter miles below 
 the mouth of Naaman's Creek, in Brandy wine Hundred, 
 New Castle County. " Verdrietege hoeck," or corner of land, 
 also called Trinity Hook, lay between Shellpot and Stony 
 Creeks. It contained about 800 acres, and was granted in 
 two patents, in 1663 and 1664, to John Hendricks and 
 others. It ran for about the distance of one and three-fifths 
 miles along the Delaware, and terminated on the north of 
 Stone Point. The creek which empties into the Delaware 
 at Dupont's Landing ran through the tracts. The term 
 " verdrietige," which has long ceased to be used, was de- 
 rived from the Dutch " verdrietigh," signifying grievous or 
 tedious, and it is supposed the name " Verdrietige Hook" 
 was given on account of the character of the navigation in 
 approaching that point. " Singletree Point" is now Old 
 Man's Point, on the New Jersey shore, one mile below the 
 mouth of Old Man's Creek. 
 
 This adjustment of the Ijne between Upland and New 
 Castle Counties, it will be observed, was made in 1678, 
 several years before the grant of Pennsylvania to William 
 Penn. Stony Creek (or Quarryville Creek, as it is now 
 called), which was thus made the division line, remained 
 such until the grant to Penn fixed the boundary of his 
 province of Pennsylvania " on the south by a circle drawn, 
 at the distance of twelve miles from New Castle, northward 
 and westward." 
 
 At the court held at Upland, or Chester, on the 14th 
 day of March, 1683, Naaman's Creek was recognized as the 
 boundary line, and it is also laid down as such by Thomas 
 Holme, surveyor-general under Penn, in his " map of the 
 improved part of the province of Pennsylvania in America." 
 
 In 1693 some of the inhabitants of Chester County 
 petitioned the Governor and Council, setting forth that 
 they suffered for want of a division line between that county 
 and New Castle. After discussion in Council, it was, on 
 the 9th of August, 1693, 
 
 " JReaolvedf That for the- present convenience of the governments, 
 ,and not for an absolute and final proprietarie division, but that the 
 inhabitants on the borders of both counties may know to which of 
 the two to pay their levies, taxes, etc., and perform their other countie 
 services, the bounds of New Castle county shall extend northward to 
 the mouth of Niiaman's creek, and upwards along the southwest side 
 of the northmost branch (excluding the townships of Concord and 
 Bethel), and not to extend backwards of the said northmost branch, 
 above the said two townships.*' 
 
 This was but an approximation to correctness, and the 
 line was still unsettled. A disagreement had arisen be- 
 
160 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 tween the province and the three lower counties, as they 
 were generally termed ; a separation was threatened, and it 
 was of importance to adjust the boundary. Accordingly, 
 on the 20th of 7th month, 1701, the Assembly petitioned 
 Penn " that the division line between the counties of New 
 Castle and Chester be ascertained, allowing the boundary 
 according to the proprietary's tetters patent from the king," 
 to which he replied, " It is my own inclination, and I de- 
 sire the representatives of New Castle and Chester Coun- 
 ties forthwith, or before they leave town, to attend me 
 about the time and manner of doing it." It will be re- 
 membered that Penn was also the proprietary of " the 
 three lower counties" ( now constituting the State of Dela- 
 ware), which he had purchased from the Duke of York, 
 and those counties were represented in the Assembly at 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 A conference was accordingly held, and a warrant, dated 
 the 28th of the 8th month, 1701, was issued, directed to 
 Isaac Taylor, of Chester County, and Thomas Pierson, of 
 New Castle County, authorizing them to accompany the 
 magistrates of the counties of Chester and New Castle, or 
 any three of them, and 
 
 " In their presence to admeasure and survey from the town of New 
 Castle the distance of twelve miles in a right line up ye said river, 
 and from ye said distance according to ye King's letters patent and 
 deeds from the Duke, and ye said circular line to be well marked two- 
 thirds part of ye semicircle." 
 
 The " letters patent" here referred to was the grant of 
 Pennsylvania, and the " deeds from the duke" were the 
 two deeds from the Duke of York, conveying the territory 
 now constituting the State of Delaware, one of them for 
 the town of New Castle and twelve miles around it, and 
 the other the territory south o'f it to Cape Henlopen. 
 
 The centre of the arc of the circle, or the point of be- 
 ginning of the radial line, was established by the magis- 
 trates "at the end of the horse dyke next to the town of 
 New Castle." 
 
 The following extracts from the report of the surveyors 
 appointed by the foregoing warrant fully explains the work 
 performed by them, and the mode they adopted of I'unning 
 the circular line : 
 
 " The 26th day of the ninth month we did begin, in the presence of 
 the said Justices (Cornelius Empson, Richard Halliwell, John Rich- 
 ardson, Caleb Pusey, Philip Roman, and Robert Pyle, Esqs.), at the 
 end of the hofee dyke, and measured due north twelve miles to a 
 white oak marked with twelve notches, standing on the west side of 
 Brandywine creek in the land of Samuel Helm, and from the said 
 white oak we ran eastward circularly, changing our course from the 
 east southward one degree at the end of every sixty-seven perches 
 which ia the chord of one degree to a twelve milee radius ; and at the 
 end of forty-three chords we came to the Delaware river, on the upper 
 side of Nathaniel Lampley's old house at Chichester j and then we 
 returned to the said white oak on Israel Helm's land, and from thence 
 we ran westward, changing our course one degree from the west south- 
 ward at the end of every sixty-seven perches, as before, until we had 
 extended seventy-seven chords, which, being added to the forty-three 
 chords, make two-thirds part of the semicircle to a twelve mile radius 
 all which said circular line being Well marked with three notches on 
 each side of the trees to a marked hickory standing near the western 
 branch of Christina creek. Surveyed the 4th day of the tenth month 
 1701, by us, 
 
 "Isaac Taylor, 
 "Thos. Pierson." 
 
 This survey, which, it will be observed, took place in 
 1701, is the only one which was ever made of the circular 
 
 boundary between Pennsylvania and Delaware, except for a 
 short distance at the southwest end, which will be noticed 
 presently. The marks which were then made to designate 
 the line have long since been obliterated, and there is now 
 nothing but vague and conflicting traditionary evidence df 
 its location. 
 
 In the year 1849 the Legislature of Pennsylvania passed 
 an act authorizing the Governor 
 
 "To appoint a. Commissioner to act in conjunction with Commis- 
 sioners appointed, or to be appointed by the States of Delaware and 
 Maryland, with power to survey and determine the point of intersec- 
 tion of the three States of Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland 
 and to fix some suitable mark or monument whereby the said point 
 may hereafter be indicated." 
 
 This act was passed in consequence of the general belief 
 that the stone planted by Mason and Dixon to mark the 
 point of intersection had been removed, and that some 
 others of the stones planted in the vicinity had been dis- 
 placed. Similar laws were passed by the States of Dela- 
 ware and Maryland, and under them the following coni- 
 missioners were appointed by the Governors of three States, 
 viz. : on the part of Pennsylvania, Joshua P. Eyre ; of 
 Delaware, George Read Riddle; and of Maryland, H. G. 
 S. Key. 
 
 These commissioners procured the services of Col. J. D. 
 Graham, of the United States Corps of Topographical En- 
 gineers, who was detailed by the Secretary of War to make 
 the requisite surveys, at the request of the commissioners. 
 
 The commissioners and engineers, in the performance of 
 the duties assigned them, proceeded to the northeast corner 
 of Maryland, the commencement of Mason and Dixon's 
 east-and-west line. This point Ls in a deep ravine, on the 
 margin of a small brook, and near its source. They found 
 that the stone monument, with the respective arms of Lord 
 Baltimore and the Penn family graven thereon, which had 
 been placed there in 1768 to designate the. point, was miss- 
 ing. From the tradition of the neighborhood, it appeared 
 that some years before, after it had fallen nearly prostrate 
 from its place, owing to the encroachments of the stream 
 upon whose margin it stood, some individual had taken it 
 away for a chimney-piece. A stake was found firmly 
 planted in the ground, which, they were informed by the 
 neighbors, occupied its place. Their subsequent surveys 
 established that this stake occupied the true position, and 
 they there planted a new stone of cut granite about seven 
 feet long, five feet of which was imbedded in the ground. 
 It was marked with the letter P ou the north and east sides, 
 and with the letter M on the south and west sides. 
 
 They ascertained the tangent-point and point of intersec- 
 tion of the due north line with the semicircle established 
 by Mason and Dixon to be substantially correct, although 
 some errors were discovered which did not materially affect 
 the result. Some of the miles had been made a little too 
 long. The radius of twelve miles was found to be two feet 
 four inches too short, and by some error in locating the 
 tangentpoint and point of intersection, it was found that 
 Maryland had got about one acre and three-quarters to 
 which she was not strictly entitled, but which belonged to 
 Delaware. These trifling errors, however, served to prove 
 the general accuracy of the work of Mason and Dixon. 
 
BOUNDARY LINES. 
 
 161 
 
 The commissioners, in addition to the new monument at 
 the northeast corner of Maryland, caused new stones to be 
 planted at the tangent-point, the point of intersection, and 
 also on the meridian of the circle, viz. : at the tangent-point, 
 a post of cut granite six feet long, inserted four and a half 
 feet of its length in the ground, with the word tangent and 
 the date 1849 graven on the north side ; at the junction of 
 the three States, a triangular prismatic post of cut granite 
 seven feet long, inserted four and a half feet of its length 
 in the ground, marked with the letters P D and M on 
 the sides facing respectively towards Pennsylvania, Dela- 
 ware, and Maryland, and on the north side the names of 
 the commissioners and date 1849 ; and at the meridian or 
 middle point of the arc, corresponding to the length of the 
 chord, and at the distance of one hundred and eighteen 
 and four-tenths feet perpendicular from the middle point of 
 said chord, a post of cut granite six feet long, inserted four 
 and a half feet of its length in the ground. This stone was 
 rounded on the west side to indicate that it was on the 
 curve, and the date 1849 was cut on the east side. The 
 curve here referred to is that circular line between the tan- 
 gent-point and point of intersection of the three States 
 which was cut off by the due north line from the tangent- 
 point. 
 
 The marks made in surveying the circular boundary in 
 1701, as before observed, having become obliterated by time, 
 the commissioners ran and marked it for a distance of three 
 miles and three-quarters northeastward from the point of 
 junction to a point about east from the northeast corner of 
 Maryland. 
 
 The authority of the commissioners did not contemplate 
 a survey of the entire line, and they proceeded no farther 
 than the point indicated. 
 
 The territory constituting the little peak on the southern 
 boundary of Chester Country, lying between the right line 
 of Maryland on the one side and the curved line of Dela- 
 ware on the other, is about three-quarters of a mile wide at 
 the upper part, and three and a half miles long, tapering to 
 a point at the intersection of the three States, and contains 
 about 800 acres. It comprises within its limits the village 
 of Mechanicsville, the Presbyterian church known as " Head 
 of Christina," and several farms. 
 
 This territory undeniably belongs to Pennsylvania, and 
 properly forms part of the township of London Britain, in 
 Chester County. The State of Delaware, however, has al- 
 ways exercised jurisdiction over it, treating her boundary 
 21 
 
 as extending to the northeast corner of Maryland. The 
 land is taxed in Delaware, the inhabitants vote as citizens 
 of that State, and offenses committed therein are punished 
 by her courts, while, on the other hand, Pennsylvania has 
 never exercised any authority over it. 
 
 The question may be asked how it comes that this terri- 
 tory, thus without doubt a part of Pennsylvania, should 
 be under the control of Delaware ? 
 
 Without having seen any explanation of it, our conclu- 
 sion is that it probably arose in this way : the circular line 
 was run in the year 1701, extending from the Delaware 
 River to the Christina Creek, a distance of about twenty- 
 five miles. The survey of Mason and Dixon, establishing 
 the eastern boundary of Maryland, was not made until the 
 year 1764. The marks designating the circular line had 
 in the mean time become in a measure obliterated, and no 
 part of this line was run by Mason and Dixon. When the 
 east line of Maryland was established, the impression was 
 created that the boundary of " the three lower counties," 
 now constituting the State of Delaware, extended to the 
 same line, up to the northeast corner of Maryland, and no 
 survey was made or stones planted to indicate that a small 
 peak of land belonging to Pennsylvania ran down between 
 Maryland and New Castle County. The corner of Mary- 
 land was therefore assumed to be also the corner of New 
 Castle County, and jurisdiction has always been exercised 
 in accordance with this impression. In addition to this, 
 the survey of the circular line in 1701 was probably not 
 very accurately made, and, for aught that is now known, the 
 line as then marked may at the western end have approached 
 nearer to the line of Maryland than the true line, as indi- 
 cated by the partial survey of it made in 1849, and thus 
 have included in New Castle County at least a portion of 
 the territory now known to belong to Chester County. Be- 
 sides this, the point of ending of the survey of 1701, at 
 the Christina Creek, shows that the line was not run as far 
 south as the point of intersection, afterwards ascertained by 
 Mason and Dixon. It was not, therefore, until 1849 that 
 the end of the circular line south of the Christina Creek 
 was run at all. The commissioners, in running the line the 
 distance of three and three-quarter miles from the point of 
 junction, found the impression general that the boundary of 
 Delaware extended up to the north line from the junction 
 to the northeast corner of Maryland. 
 
 It is hoped that the whole line niay at no distant day be 
 authoritatively surveyed and marked. 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 ASTON. 
 Organized about 1687. The taxables for 1715 were as 
 follows : 
 
 Robert Carter, John Pennell, Moses Key, John Button, Thomas 
 Button, Thomas Woodward, John Neeld, James Widdows, William 
 Eattew, Samuel Jones, Thomas Barnard, Abraham Barlington, John 
 Hurford, Jonathan Monroe, Thomas Gale. 
 
 JV-eemeii.— Thomas Dunbabin, Isaac Williams, Joseph Barlington, 
 Edward Richards, Samuel Stroud. 
 
 This township is now a part of Delaware County. 
 
 BETHEL. 
 This name occurs as early as 1683. In 1715 the tax- 
 ables were : 
 
 Robert Pyle, John Grist, Robert Booth, Edward Beazer, John Can- 
 nady, Benjamin Moulder, Joseph Pyle, John Hickman, Edward But- 
 ton, Edward Pennook, William GrifBth, John Hopton, John Gibbons, 
 Thomas Burnell. 
 
 This township is now in Delaware County. 
 BENSALEM. 
 
 In 1704 a number of surveys in and near the forks of 
 Brandywine were said to be in Bensalem, and in 1708 a 
 tract of land west of the present Unionville was described 
 by deed as in that township. The territory included therein 
 ■was afterwards absorbed by the townships of Bradford and 
 East Marlborough. 
 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 This township was probably named by William Brinton, 
 one of the earliest settlers, who came from the neighbor- 
 hood of the town of that name in England, and, as was 
 common with the early settlers, selected for his wilderness 
 home the name that would recall to his memory the early 
 associations of his life. It was surveyed about the year 
 1684 to various persons, in right of purchases made in 
 England, and was organized as a municipal district in 1686, 
 by the appointment of John Bennett as constable. 
 
 Upon the division of the county in 1789, the greater 
 part of the original township fell into Delaware County. 
 Each division thereafter bore the name of Birmingham 
 township in its respective county. Until the year 1856 
 the Street road was the northern boundary of the township 
 in Chester County. In that year (1856) it was enlarged 
 by the addition to it of a portion of the southern end of 
 East Bradford township. 
 
 The battle of Brandywine was fought in this township. 
 The site of the field of operations at Chads' Ford is in 
 Delaware County, and that at Birmingham Meeting-house 
 in Chester County. 
 
 The name of the township was originally pronounced 
 Brummagem, and it is so given on Holme's map of the 
 162 
 
 early settlements of Pennsylvania. This pronunciation was 
 brought by the early settlers from England, and is generally 
 supposed to be a corruption of Birmingham. That, how- 
 ever, is a mistake. The name Brummagem is derived from 
 Brumwycheham, the ancient name of Birmingham, and was 
 used in common with Birmingham, which signifies the 
 home of the descendants of Beorm, a Saxon chief. Bir- 
 mingham, in England, was formerly the great emporium 
 for plated ware and imitation jewelry, and hence the word 
 Brummagem came to signify anything trashy or common. 
 The Saturday Review, an English magazine, speaks of 
 
 " Biluted history and Brummagem lore." 
 
 The following were the taxables in 1715 : 
 
 £ i. d. 
 
 William Brinton 8 
 
 John Beekingham 18 
 
 Robert Pyle, Jun' 3 10 
 
 Robert Chalfan.. 2 6 
 
 John Chalfan, Jun^ 2 4 
 
 Jonathan Compton 10 
 
 Magnus Simonson 2 6 
 
 John Chalfan, Sen' 10 
 
 Thomas Codery 2 6 
 
 Providence Scott 13 
 
 Sam" Hollingsworth 3 6 
 
 Joseph Gilpin 8 4 
 
 Gyan Stevenson 8 4 
 
 Samuel Painter, Senf.... 8 
 
 Samuel Painter, Jun'.... 2 3 
 
 William Turner 13 
 
 John Bennett 7 6 
 
 £ t. d. 
 
 RiohardWebb 6 
 
 JohnWeith 3 
 
 Edmund Butcher 2 
 
 Daniel Davies 4 
 
 John ffred 8 
 
 Thomas Chandler 1 
 
 Swithin Chandler 1 
 
 Joseph Robinson 1 
 
 Sarah Green 2 
 
 Henry Gunston 2 
 
 Samui Scott, Jun' 1 
 
 free Mai. 
 
 John Harvey 4 
 
 John House 4 
 
 Total.. 
 
 5 13 
 
 The taxables of 1753 were as follows : 
 
 Edward Brinton, Esq', John Chads, W™ Jones, Geo : Gilpin, Ja" 
 Dilworth, Thomas Chandler, Isaac Harvey, Charles Turner, W" Seal, 
 Abra" Darlington, John Jackson, John Bennit, Benj' Way, Caleb 
 Brinton, Amos Harvey, John Wilson, Daniel Guest, Samuel Painter, 
 Robert Chamberlin, Jonathan Thatcher, Benjamin Ring, Junr, Jane 
 Noset, Ralph Pyle, John Painter, William Smith, Thomas Gibson, 
 John Chandler, Eliz" Cathoart, Robert Hannum, Robert Chalfont, 
 Robert Green, Benj» Ring, Isaac Smitb,.Robert Chalfont, Jun'., James 
 Brooks, Obadiah Bonsall, Matthew Guy, Francis Simonson, John 
 Shaw, William McMath, Andrew McCoy, John Chamberlin, Robert 
 M'farson, Isaac Bullock, John Woodward, Neal Woodward. 
 
 InmateB. — Joseph Button, Providence Scott, John Gibson, Edward 
 Patridge, John Martin, John Newberry, William Baxter, Nathan 
 Frame, Elias Neal, Peter Glancoy, John Thatcher, Allen Cerson, 
 Philip Philips, George Moor, Samuel Batten, W™ Richardson, James 
 Durnal. 
 
 Freemen. — John Flumer, W" Warrick, W™ MoMurry, Samuel 
 Jennins, John Maxfield, John Henderson, John Bryan, Stephen 
 Maddon, William White. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 Edward Brinton, Caleb Brinton, George Brinton, David Brinton, 
 John Bennett, Obadiah Bonsell, Thomas Bullock, Wm. Bold, Thomas 
 Chandler, James Chandler, Robert Chandler, Abraham Darlington, . 
 Jr., Joseph Davis, Sr., Joseph Davis, Jr., Lydia Dilworth, Charlei 
 Dilwoith, Joseph Dilworth, Robert Frame; Harry Gordon, Gideon 
 Gilpin, Robert Green, Jane Gibbons, John Gordon, William Harvey, 
 Amos House, Thomas Hannum, John Henderson, William Jones, Ben- 
 jamin Miller, Robert McElhoe, William Mason, Robert Messer, John 
 Nioklin, Samuel Painter, James Russell, Robert Rankin, Benjamin 
 
" MONTEBEILO." 
 RESIDENCE OF PRESTON W. LOBB, BERWYN, PA. 
 
 "FOUNTAIN FABU." 
 RESIDENCE OF RICHARD J. LAMBORN, NHWhUt, 
 
 Farm of 205 uores. 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 163 
 
 Ring, Nathaniel Ring, James Smith, William Smith, Edward Simp- 
 son, Rachel Sail, James Stroud, John Thatcher, John Voodart, 
 Rachel Warson, Nathan Yarnall, Elias Neals, Thomas Stroud, Thomas 
 Jones, John Perry, James Dilworth, David Johnson, David May, 
 Thomas McDaniel, Benjamin MoDaniel, James Latimore, John Mo- 
 Olochlin, Robert Logan, James Newman, and Pras. Herberson. 
 
 Lying immediately north of the Street road, and extend- 
 ing from Brandywine to the line of Westtown, was a tract 
 of 1000 acres, laid out for William Cornthwet and Edward 
 Atkinson, purchasers of 500 acres each from Penn, and 
 who sold the same to John Cornwell and William Hudson, 
 of Philadelphia. By a resurvey in 1701 there proved to 
 be 1132 acres. John Davis, of Thornbury, purchased the 
 eastern half of it in 1712, and by will dated March 3, 1719, 
 divided it between three of his sons, Daniel, Abraham, and 
 John, the first receiving 166 acres next the Street road, 
 and the others 200 each. Of the remainder of the large 
 tract, Samuel Painter purchased, in 1722, about 300 acres, 
 much of which is still in the family name. John Collier 
 obtained, about the same time, 245 acres north of Painter's, 
 and Joseph Taylor, of Kennet, with an eye to a mill-seat, 
 bought from Collier 26 acres at what is now Sager's mill. 
 He devised it to his daughter, Sarah Jones, in 1744, and 
 her husband and sons erected thereon grist- and saw-mills. 
 Some of the Collier lands passed into the Carter family, and 
 thence to the Forsythes. 
 
 Abraham Davis, who owned 200 acres next the West- 
 town line, was succeeded by his eldest son, John, who in 
 turn left one son, Amos. The latter, with Eleanor, his wife, 
 conveyed the land to Joshua Sharpless, 4, 19, 1784. It 
 was next divided between Joshua's sons, Benjamin and 
 Isaac, the latter obtaining the farm late of his son Aaron, 
 whose family still reside thereon. Benjamin left an only 
 son, of the same name, who now holds his father's land, 12U 
 acres, by bequest. His father built the barn in 1804, and 
 the house in 1805, but the present owner, who began farm- 
 ing in 1856, has remodeled all the buildings, and made 
 many improvements in accordance with this progressive age. 
 A view of his residence is elsewhere given. 
 
 Susanna Davis, a widow, lived alone in a log house on 
 the site of the residence of the late Aaron Sharpless, 
 and was murdered on the night of Jan. 3d, 1782. Joseph 
 Dennis, of Vincent, offered a reward of ten pounds specie 
 for the arrest of George Holt, an Englishman, who was 
 accused of robbery and the murder, but it does not appear 
 that he was caught. 
 
 In 1688 a survey was made for Daniel Smith on 360 
 acres in Birmingham, which by resurvey proved to be 415 
 acres. It was sold by Sheriff Hqpkins, April 25, 1702, to 
 Bichard Webb, to whom a patent was granted the same 
 year. His widow, Elizabeth Webb, by deed of 10, 27, 
 1721, conveyed one acre thereof to William Brinton, of 
 Birmingham, Joseph Taylor, of Kennet, Philip Taylor and 
 Joseph firinton, of Thornbury, John Bennett and Nicholas 
 Fred, of Birmingham, trustees, for the use of the Society 
 of Friends, and Birmingham meeting-house was built 
 thereon. 
 
 BRADFORD. 
 
 Organized about 1705, Richard Buffington being con- 
 stable for that year. He was succeeded by Robert Jefferis 
 ia 1706, and Abiah Taylor in 1707. 
 
 In this, as in some other townships, the first settlers 
 were not the first owners of the land, and the first surveys 
 were made for persons who had purchased before leaving 
 England, if indeed they ever came over. Prior to 1686 
 the surveyor's chain had probably not been stretched 
 within its limits, and an unbroken wilderness existed 
 where now may be seen some of the finest farms in the 
 county ; even for several years after that date little was 
 done towards reclaiming the forests and making the soil 
 produce food for civilized man. The Welsh tract had been 
 laid out, and its western line afforded a base for further 
 operations, as did also the surveys to the southward, in 
 Birmingham. 
 
 About the year 1686 surveys were made of nearly all the 
 land south of the Strasburg road, but some of these were 
 afterwards altered. It must be remembered that the Street 
 road formed the southern limits of the township until 
 within a few years. Commencing at this line, a tract of 1000 
 acres was laid out for Thomas Langhorn and company, ex- 
 tending from the Westtown line to Brandywine. Next, on 
 the north, came Robert Whitton, 192 acres, and John 
 Gardner, 244, both of whom sold to John Loftus, of Phila- 
 delphia. Adjoining the Goshen or Welsh line, a tract of 
 1500 acres was patented to Arthur Cook, of Philadelphia 
 County. This extended from the Westtown line nearly as 
 far as the north line of the borough of West Chester, the 
 northwest corner being a few rods west of the old Black 
 Horse tavern, and the southwest corner near Strode's mill. 
 To the west of this, and north of Gardner's tract, three 
 others were laid out parallel to the Welsh line, and with 
 their northern end just crossing the east branch of the 
 creek. That on the east side was for Samuel Noyes, of 
 Wiltshire, about 250 acres ; the middle tract, 250 acres,' 
 for Thomas Martin, of Bedwin Magna, in Wiltshire, who 
 came over in 1685 and settled in Middletown (now Dela- 
 ware County). The third tract, 140 acres, was for John 
 Martin, of Edgcott, in Berkshire, who also settled in Mid- 
 dletown. Another tract of 1000 acres for Langhorn and 
 company included the greater part of the township lying 
 west of the east branch of Brandywine. The company con- 
 sisted of John Cornwell, William Hudson, Thomas Lang- 
 horn, and Arthur Borradail, of whom the two latter set- 
 tled in Bucks County, and the others in Philadelphia. The 
 remainder of the land in the township was mostly surveyed 
 in after-years as it was wanted for settlement, and some of 
 that in the northern part, not being naturally of so good a 
 quality, was left unimproved for a long time. 
 
 Among the land-owners who became actual settlers 
 Richard Buffington was probably the first. He was the 
 ancestor of the numerous family of the name, and had set- 
 tled at Upland (now Chester) before William Penn obtained 
 a grant for Pennsylvania. In 1696 he purchased, in con- 
 junction with William Vestal, 218 acres from the execu- 
 tors of John Loftus, and in 1701 they obtained the re- 
 mainder of the Loftus tract, or 218 acres more, in two 
 pieces ; and it appears they made a division by Vestal 
 taking the last purchase. This land extended from the 
 Brandywine, below the forks, nearly to Strode's mill. In 
 1708, Richard Buffington purchased from Thomas Martin, 
 of Middletown, 210 acres, extending northward from his 
 
164 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 first purchase to the east branch of the creek ; and having 
 sold 100 acres to Nathaniel Ring, he divided the remainder 
 between his sons, Thomas and William, in 1721, reserving 
 a life interest therein. In this division he gave each of his 
 sons about equal frontage on both the main stream and 
 branch, thus making two long, narrow, and irregular tracts. 
 Between the large tract of Arthur Cook and that of Lang- 
 horn and company there was left a vacant piece, through 
 which ran the Brandywine from the Strasburg road to Jef- 
 feris' Ford, and in 1702, Thomas Buffington obtained a 
 warrant for 100 acres of this, " next his tract, whereon he is 
 now seated, on Brandywine." In 1708 he purchased 54 
 acres adjoining of the Thomas Martin tract, and this, with 
 that part of the 100 acres west of the creek, formed the 
 greater part of the farm late of David Meconkey. Joseph 
 BuflBngton was the first resident owner of 200 acres, in the 
 forks of the creek, which he purchased in 1748, just after 
 his father's death. 
 
 A tract of 125 acres on the east side of the creek, at the 
 forks, now mostly included in the farm of Greorge Little, 
 was surveyed for Benjamin Mendenhall, of Concord, who 
 made a partial conveyance thereof in 1699 to William 
 Vestal. The latter settled thereon and built a house, but 
 died soon after. Hi.? wife's name was Alice, and his chil- 
 dren William, George, and a daughter, Sarah, who was 
 drowned in a small pond of water in childhood, when they 
 lived in Birmingham, 1696. The family continued to 
 hold land in the township until 1729, after which they 
 went South. 
 
 Robert Jefiferis, of Chichester, disposed of his land in 
 that township in 1700, and the next year purchased from 
 William Vestal 169 acres on Brandywine, the south line 
 of which now forms a portion of the line between East 
 Bradford and Birmingham. It is likely that he settled on 
 the land in the same year, but at that time the township 
 lines were not very well defined, nor had Bradford even 
 received the name, and we find that in 1703 Robert Jef- 
 fcris was appointed constable for Westtown, his next 
 neighbor on the north, Richard Buffington, having held 
 the office for three years previous. Tradition points to the 
 residence of Charles Carter, on the road from Sager's mill 
 to West Chester, as the site of Robert's dwelling. In 1712 
 he purchased the Noyes' tract of 256 acres, which now 
 forms the principal part of the farms of John James, Pas- 
 chall Hacker, and the late William Parker Foulke. In 
 1721 he purchased from William Buffington 189 acres, 
 which connected the two former purchases. The Noyes' 
 tract he conveyed to his sons, James and Robert, the 
 Buffington tract to James and William, and the homestead 
 to his son Benjamin ; so that he does not appear to have 
 owned any land at the time of his death, which occurred 
 about 1738. 
 
 Abiah Taylor settled on the Brandywine in 1702, and 
 built a mill on a branch of this stream which flowed by his 
 dwelling, the site of which is still used for the same pur- 
 pose. In 1724 he built a brick house on a mound by the 
 run which empties into the Brandywine a little south of 
 the Strasburg road. It has been frequently said that the 
 bricks were brought from England, but this is not correct. 
 They were made on the farm, from elay procured a short 
 
 distance south of the house. The window sash were made 
 of lead, and the lights were small. It is still standing, and 
 is known throughout the neighborhood as " the old brick 
 house." It can be readily seen from the Strasburg road as 
 
 the traveler passes between the old Black Horse tavern 
 and Cope's bridge over the Brandywine. It is on the 
 creek road leading south from the Strasburg road. In its 
 day it must have been considered one of the finest house? 
 in the county. In 1706 he took up 200 acres on what has 
 been called Taylor's Run, and this he gave to his daugliter, 
 Deborah Parke, and her children. Another tract of equal 
 size he took up in 1715, and this passed to the family of 
 his daughter, Alice Hoopes. This now forms the farms of 
 Watson J. Ambler, Simeon Hoopes, and BenjamiEi , Few. 
 John Cope purchased, and in 1712 settled on, 200 acreg 
 of land on Taylor's Run, and next to the Goshen line. The 
 valley through which this stream flows was named the 
 " Vale of Avoca" by the late Dr. William DarUngton. 
 On the east side of the Brandywine, north of the Strasburg 
 road, 500 acres were located in right of ten servants'.' A 
 large part of it was purchased in 1761 by Abiah Taylor, 
 grandson of the settler, and who built thereon in 1768 the 
 substantial stone house now the residence of Robert L. 
 Hayes. 
 
 Edward Wanton, of Scituate, Mass., by deed of 5th 
 month 9, 1700, became the owner of 800 acres, it being 
 the northern part of the Cook tract. This was sold by his 
 sons, Joseph, William, and John, Sept. 7, 1727, to Joseph 
 Townsend, who became the first resident owner. In 1731, 
 Henry Woodward married Mary Townsend, and to him 
 her father had conveyed 200 acres at the northwest corner 
 in 1730. Woodward built a stone house thereon in 1731, 
 now the northern part of the residence of George B. Mel- 
 lor, of which a view is elsewhere given. The land subse- 
 quently passed into the possession of Abel Boake and 
 Joseph Peirce, who sold to Joseph Cope, whose son, of the 
 same name, sold the western part of it to John Hannum, 
 and he was succeeded by George B. Mellor. After the 
 death of Joseph Cope on the remaining portion, in 1870, it 
 also was purchased by John Hannum, who died thereon in 
 1871. The buildings were erected by Joseph Cope in 
 1849 and 1850, and a view of them is elsewhere given. 
 
 Another portion of the Townsend tract, after remaining 
 for two or three generations in the family, became, witfc 
 some additions on the norths the property of Gheyney lef-: 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 165 
 
 feris in 179-t. After his death it was purchased, in 1837, 
 hy John James, his son-in-law, and became the residence, 
 and later the property, of his son, Edward James, to whom 
 it still belongs. The buildings have been renewed by the 
 present owner, who now lives adjoining West Chester. A 
 view of the homestead will be found elsewhere. 
 
 Nathaniel lling, in 1710, bought 386 acres of the Cook 
 tract, now forming the greater part of the farms of Edwin 
 James, Torbert Ingram, Richard Strode, and the late 
 Emmor Davis and Philip Paxson. Richard Woodward 
 ^ght another part of the Cook tract east of Nathaniel 
 Ring, and settled thereon. 
 
 Between the two branches of Brandywine a large tract, 
 called 1000 acres, was laid out for Thomas Langhorne and 
 Arthur Borrgdail. The western half was subsequently 
 patented to Thomas BuflBngton in 1709, and the eastern 
 half to John Borrtodail, son of Arthur, in 1702. The 
 ' latter sold to Thomas Worth, of Darby, who devised the 
 land to three diiughters of his son John, deceased, and 
 they eonveyed 150 acres at the south end to James Jef- 
 feris, who lived at the place now owned by Edward Holley. 
 The remaining 350 acres they sold to their uncle, Thomas 
 Worth, in 1738, and he settled upon it the next year, being 
 the first resident owner. A large part of the BufBngton 
 tract above mentioned passed into the Carter family, and 
 was held by them for many years, but it is now owned by 
 the. Worth family. 
 
 Another 1000-acre tract, lying immediately north of 
 the last, was surveyed for Daniel Smith, of Marlborough, 
 England, and sold by Thomas Chalkley, agent for John 
 Smith, a grandson, to Richard Woodward, of Thornbury, 
 in 1724. This Richard was designated as of the " Forks," 
 to distinguish him from the Richard on the east side of 
 the creek. The first assessment to be found is that of 
 1715, viz. : 
 
 BRADFORD RATE. 
 
 Ricbard Woodward...... 2 
 
 George' Stroud 7 
 
 Rich* Biiffflngton 5 
 
 William Veatall 2 
 
 John Buffington 2 
 
 William Buffington 3 
 
 Obidiab (Abiah) Taylor. 8 
 
 William Baldwin 1 
 
 Abel Whitaker 3 
 
 Rich* Buffington i 
 
 Peter Colins 2 
 
 William Marshall 5 
 
 John Gope 1 
 
 Thomas Buffington 3 
 
 Edward CMy'ton 2 
 
 Thomas Arnold 2 
 
 GeorgeCarter .'. 1 
 
 £ «. 
 
 Robert Jeferes 
 
 Abram Marshall 
 
 ffree Men, 
 
 John Stroud 
 
 Richard Moore 
 
 John Buttler 
 
 William Clark 
 
 Non-resident Land, 
 
 Daniel Smith 
 
 William Wonton 
 
 John Corwell 
 
 Jacob Taylor 
 
 8 4 
 
 6 8 
 
 i 2 
 
 1 8 
 
 Total., 
 
 5 7 
 
 At a court held Nov. 30, 1731, a petition was presented, 
 signed by George Strode, Joseph Townsend, James Jefieris, 
 Abiah Taylor, Samuel Scott, Richard Buffington, Henry 
 Woodward, James Tull, Isaac Vernon, Abraham Marshall, 
 and fourteen others, asking for the division of the township 
 and the defining of the boundaries according to a draught 
 thereto annexed, whereupon, 
 
 "It's Ordered that the s* Township of Bradford shall be divided 
 into two Townships and the Eastern part thereof called East Brad- 
 ford, shall be bounded as followeth, viz. : Beginning.at the southwest 
 corner of the Jand Ijite of Richard Collett [Weettown], tbeuce running 
 by the same to the Welsh Jine^ and by the said line to the northwest 
 corner <if a tract of land surveyed for John Smith, and from thenct 
 
 by a west line to the north branch of Brandywine creek, then down 
 the same to the land late of Daniel Smith and Isaac Taylor ; thence 
 along u line between the lands late of the said Daniel and Isaac to 
 the northeast corner of Thomas Worth's land; thence along a line 
 between the land of the said Daniel Smith, Thomas Worth, and the 
 land late of George Carter, to the northwest corner of the said Car- 
 ter's land: thence down the line between the land of the said George 
 Carter, Thomas Buffington and William Rees, and the land of Abra- 
 ham Marshall and William Marshall, to a corner of Isaac Norris' 
 land ; then along a line between the land of the said Isaac Norris and 
 William Marshall to the west branch of Brandywine creek; thence 
 down the same to the fork of the said creek ; then down the main 
 creek to the southwest corner of Samuel Painter's land; then along 
 a line between the land of the said Painter and the land of Daniel 
 Davis and James Townsend to the beginning. 
 
 " And it is also ordered that the Western division of the s* Town- 
 ship of Bradford shall be bounded as is hereinafter mentioned, viz. : 
 Beg'ning at the southeast corner of the Society Tract, thence Ipy the 
 line of the same to the northern corner of the s* Tract, then by a Line 
 to the south west corner of John Packer's Land and by the s* Packer's 
 Land to the South East corner thereof and from thence East to the 
 north Branch of Brandywine Creek and then by the Eastern division 
 of the ^* Township of Bradford to the Township of Kcnnett and by 
 the 6* Kennett Township and the Line of the s* Society Tract to the 
 place of Begining." 
 
 Feb. 26, 1739-40, a petition was presented from a num- 
 ber of persons living on " a strip of land lying between the 
 townships of Cain, Bradford, Goshen, and Whiteland," 
 complaining that they sufiered for want of the opening and 
 repair of roads in their vicinity, which the neighboring su- 
 pervisors refused to attend to. These persons were Thomas 
 Prise, George Jefieris, Jacob Roile, John Bradley, John 
 Lard, George Reger, John Beale, Robert Cole, Isaac Few, 
 Richard Woodward, Joseph Bourgoin, Charles WoUerton, 
 Boltis Miller, and Gusten Gorman. 
 
 Jacob Vernon presented a petition of the same import 
 respecting a piece of road between East Cain and West 
 Bradford, and asking that the vacant land may be added to 
 adjacent townships, or made into a township of itself. 
 Twenty-four citizens of West Bradford remonstrated against 
 any addition to their township, Feb. 24, 1740-1, claiming 
 that it was definitely bounded before Cain or Fallowfield, 
 but suggesting that the vacant land was sufficient to form 
 another township. It was, however, subsequently ordered 
 by the court 
 
 "That all the vacant land lying to the east of the north branch of 
 the Brandywine Creek, and between the townships of Cain, Goshen, 
 and Whiteland, shall be added to the township of East Bradford, and 
 that the vacancy between Cain and West Bradford, including Edward 
 Brinton's land, be added to West Bradford township." 
 
 Among the needs of the early inhabitants were bridges 
 to cross the larger streams, especially at a time of high water 
 caused by rains. Thus we read in the records of Brad- 
 ford Meeting that in 1748 John Cope, who was expected 
 to declare his intentions of marriage with Elizabeth Fisher 
 before the meeting, did not appear, " which is thought to 
 be occasioned by the great floods." 
 
 The following document has been met with : 
 
 " Whereas the Neighborhood as well as Travellers & Market people 
 from some Distance, are under great Difficulty &, sometimes danger for 
 want of a Bridge upon the East Branch of Brandywine Creek, on the 
 road Leading from Doerun by Joseph Martin's Tavern to Philadel- 
 phia, at the Ford Called Taylor's ford in East Bradford, Cheater 
 county, 
 
 " Therefore, this is proposed as an Essay with Respect to it, to see 
 what Encouragement can be had by way of Subscription where all 
 persons who are Desirous or willing to proniote ye Building a Bridge 
 
166 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 at ye s'd place may subscribe according to their Good pleasure herein. 
 It is Intended to have it made sufficiently strong and Planked over for 
 men & horses to pass, Ac, and Abiah Taylor & Nathan Coope are ap- 
 pointed to undertake ye work &, have ye oversight of the same, and 
 get ye Logs and other Timber Necessary prepared against Next Sum- 
 mer to have it Raised, and all persons that subscribes anything toward 
 s'd Bridge, such of them that Chuse to pay their subscriptions in work 
 at it, shall be allowed to work out the same at such work as they are 
 capable of, they attending upon ye work when Requiset." 
 
 The subscribers' names to this paper were William Reed, 
 William Woodward, Jr., Francis Townsend, Thomas Jef- 
 feris, Benjamin Townsend, Ebenezer Worth, Stephen Har- 
 lan, William Johnson, John BufiBngton, William Stringfel- 
 low, James Woodward, James Bane, Joshua Webb, Thomas 
 Hoopes, David Hoopes, Nathan Hoopes, Thomas Hoopes, 
 Jr., Thomas Worth, James Kenney, Abiah Taylor, Samuel 
 Coope, Joseph Parke, Joshua Hoopes, Nathan Coope, Evan 
 Jones, John Townsend, Joseph Coope, Abraham Taylor, 
 Jonathan Parke, Deborah Parke, Alexander Foreman, 
 Charles Ryan, John Hoopes, George Simcock, Joseph Haw- 
 ley, Abram Pyle, Thomas Stephens, Robert Nilson, Joseph 
 Martin, Joseph Thornbury, William CuUipher, Thomas 
 Johnson, James Masters, Nathan Jefferis, Abiah Parke, 
 John Lawrence, Joseph Woodward, and John Coope. 
 
 P'rancis Townsend, having a saw-mill, subscribed one 
 hundred feet of plank, while all the rest gave money. All 
 who are familliar with the locality will recognize the cross- 
 ing as that occupied by the stone bridge at Edge T. Cope's. 
 The above paper was not dated, but is supposed to have 
 been written in 1767. Another paper, in the writing of 
 Nathan Cope, gives an account of '' work done at the 
 Bridge,'' thus : 
 
 £ I. d. 
 
 " To 3 Day's Drawing Logs a 15». ^ Day 2 6 
 
 To 14J Days Carting a 10s. p Day 7 5 
 
 To 6 Days Work a 3». ^ Day 18 
 
 To Dieting workmen at 4d. ^ Meal 2 6 2 
 
 12 14 2" 
 
 Another paper, without date, gives the proposed dimen- 
 sions of a bridge, doubtless the same, showing that there 
 were to be two abutments, twenty-three feet wide at top, 
 with four piers, making five spaces, to be covered with fif- 
 teen sleepers on each span, and white-oak plank three 
 inches thick, etc. 
 
 The present structure was built in 1807. A portion of 
 the guard-wall containing the date-stone subsequently fell 
 into the creek, and the stone being somewhat damaged, a 
 new one was put in its place. One of the Parke family 
 carried it home, and it lay for a long time at the foot of the 
 door-steps. Anthony Taylor, who purchased the Parke 
 farm and built an addition to the house, placed the stone 
 in the gable-wall, where it now may be seen. 
 
 On the west side of the Brandywine, a short distance 
 below Cope's bridge, a large mass of rocks rises almost per- 
 pendicularly from the edge of the stream to the height of 
 sixty or seventy feet, which have long been known as " De- 
 borah's rocks." There is a legend connected with these 
 rocks, the substance of which is that in the early days of 
 the province, while the aborigines still largely possessed 
 the land, an Indian maiden, in despair because her pale- 
 faced lover, to whom she was devotedly attached, had de- 
 serted her, threw herself from the clifif into the stream and 
 was drowned. Some years since this legend was taken up 
 
 by one of our citizens and woven into a tale of deep and 
 thrilling interest. It passed the rounds of the newspapers, 
 and became fixed in the popular mind as a veritable narra- 
 tive of actual occurrences. It is scarcely necessary to say 
 to the intelligent reader that the story is without founda- 
 tion, so far as is known to history. The name was given 
 in honor of Deborah Taylor, whose husband, Samuel Tay- 
 lor, in early times had owned the lands on which they are 
 situated, and had devised to her a life estate therein ; and 
 instead of these rocks receiving their name from the heroic 
 sacrifice of a fair Indian maiden, it was really conferred 
 upon them from the circumstance of their being included 
 in Deborah Taylor's life estate. 
 
 Bradford was probably named from Bradford, in York-' 
 shire, or the town of the same name on the Avon, in Wilt- 
 shire, England. 
 
 East Bradford was reduced in size in 1856 by the cut- 
 ting off of a portion of its southern end and attaching it 
 to Birmingham, as mentioned in the notice of the latter 
 township, and a portion of West Bradford was taken in the 
 formation of the township of Pocopson in 1849. The 
 line between East Bradford and West Bradford was changed 
 somewhat in 1857, so as to make the Brandywine the line 
 at or near Sugar's bridge, adding land of John Pollock to 
 East Bradford. 
 
 EAST BRADFORD TAXABLES, 1753. 
 
 Tho» Worth, Esq', Eliz". Jefferies, George Carter, Evan Jones, 
 Joseph Buffington, James Smith, W" Bennit, Samuel Grubb, Francis 
 Linfield, Robert Jefferies, W™ Jefferies; John Jones, John Carter, 
 Samuel Painter, Daniel Davis, John Davis, Jun'', Abra" Davis, John 
 Davis, Sen', John Davis, son of John, John Darlington, Tho' Dar- 
 lington, George Entrikin, George Stroud, Theophilus Canby, W" 
 Stroud, Ja" Jefferies, Rich* Woodward, Sam' Taylor, Henry Wood- 
 ward, Abel Boaks, Jacob Sharpless, John Townsend, Joseph Townsend, 
 Sam' Cope, John Cope, Tho^ Jefferies, W" Quaintance, Joseph Wray, 
 John Newlin, Anthony Dougherty, Charles Woolerton, Joseph Bur- 
 goine, John Gray, Tho» Price, Jacob Riley, Benj» Hawley, George 
 Regoe, George Jefferie.«, Isaac Few, Isaac Lowe, Rich* Clark, W" 
 Atherton, Nathan Hoopes, Edward Seeds, Jo» Pierce, John Broomer. 
 
 Inmalee. — Thomas Jefferies, John MoOarty, John Stroud, John 
 Wyor, Wn Stringfellow, Sam' Beaton, Tho' Bailey, Robert Johnson, 
 Richard Archer, John Fox. 
 
 Ji'/-eemeii.— George Archer, Tho» Hayes, Robert Porter, David Fling, 
 Sam' Entrikin, Dan' Harry, George Miles, Bryan Miles, John Doyle, 
 Henry Croff, Tho= Lasley, James Cammel, John Ward, Solomon Hop- 
 kins, Nath' Jefferies. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 Abiah Taylor, Abrm. Taylor, Abel Boaki>, Amos Davis, Abigail 
 Fling, Benj. Hawley, Chas. Ryan, Daniel Davi.", Deborah Taylor, 
 Emmor Jefferis, Enoch Gray, Geo. Cartir, Geo. Dunavan, Geo. Entri- 
 ken, Henry Woodward, Hannah Carter, Joseph Rhoades, Jas. Jefferis, 
 Jos. Cope, John Taylor, Jos. Buffington, Jos. Parke, John Hannum, Jos. 
 Temple, John Jones, James Wolerton, Joseph Wolerton, Joshua Hoops, 
 Jas. Starr, John Townsend, Isaac Chapman, John Darlington, Joseph 
 Underwood, Jas. Painter, Joseph Downing, Jacob Talbot, Mary Grubb, 
 Jas. Robinson, John Underwood, Nathan Cope, Nathan Hoops, Nathl. 
 Jefferis, Richd. Jones, Richd. Strode, Riohd. Jefferis, Saml. Painter, 
 Saml. Cope, Susanah Davis, Saml. Entriken, Thos. Speakman, Thos. 
 Worth, Thos. Hall, Thos. Carter, Wm. Messer, Saml. Osborn, Joseph 
 Hawley, and George Strode. 
 
 WEST BRADFORD TAXABLES, 175.3. 
 George Ligget, Thomas Ligget, William Clark, William Milliken, 
 Robert Cole, John Buffinton, Richard Woodward, Richard Buffinton, 
 Elixnnder Mullen, Robert Wilson, Susannah Thornbry, Joseph Mar- 
 tin, Joseph Few, John Mathews, George Martin, John Woodward, 
 James Millison, Henry Hastings, John Young, Thomas Sheward, 
 Joseph Toylor, Edward Cleaton, John Cleaton, Joshua Cleaton, 
 
iliJiiipj^ in 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 167 
 
 Isaac Marshall, Thos. Edmons, James Carny, Robert Thornton, 
 Samuel Thornton, Humphry Marshall, Rachel Marshall, Samuel 
 Sellers, Hannah Marshall! John Battin, Isaao Vernon, James Trem- 
 ble, William Woodvpard, Thomas Arnold, Thomas Buffington, Samuel 
 Worth, Thomas Thornbury, James Hill, William Buffington, Stephen 
 Harlan, James Marshall, John Buffington, Nath'l Buffington. 
 
 Inmates. — William Kirgan, Andrew Michael, Randal McAllister, 
 John Wilson, James Ramsey, Joseph Armstrong, John Shaw, Wil- 
 liam Clayton, James Weldon, William Baldwin, Morgan Edwards. 
 
 Freemen. — James Shearard, George Martin, John Martin, James 
 Buffington, James Cambell, Hugh Johnson, John Whippo, Henry 
 Hastings, George Powell, Michael OgoUion, David Fling, Thomas 
 McManus. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 
 Sarah Arnold, Ralph Aokison, Richd. Baker, John Batton, John 
 Buffington, Jas. Brown, Joel Baily, Robt. Buffington, Wm. Buffington, 
 James Bane, John Bane, John Batton, Jr., Jas. Bruce, Jona Buffing- 
 ton, Richd. Buffington, John Chalfant, Joshua Clayton, Wm. Clay- 
 ton, John Clark, Wm. Cooper, Jas. Chalfant, John Clayton, Geo. Cur- 
 rey, John Dowdle, Robt. Eastburn, Valentine Emerick, Wm. England, 
 Thos. Ellis, Latham Engram, Abrm. Ford, Js^. Galbraith, Thos. 
 Green, Joseph Green, Geo. Grosse, Joseph Hawley, Stephen Harlan, 
 John Jordan, Geo. Jacobs, Danl. Leonard, Walter Lilley, Mary 
 Lewis, Geo. Martin, Humphry Marshal, James Marshal, Martin 
 Miller, Isaac Marshall, Jas. MoElhaney, Joseph Martin, John Mar- 
 shal, Jas. Milleson, Samuel Marshal, Abraham Pile, James Ramsey, 
 Saml. Sellers, Jr., Saml. Sellers, Thos. Shuart, Jas. Trimble, Richd. 
 Townsend, Jos. Thornbury, Caleb Martin, Saml, Worth, John Wood- 
 ward, Jos. Woodward, Sarah Woodward, Wm. Woodward, Wm. 
 Woodward (carpenter), Robt. Woodward, Robt. Wilson, Jas. Wood- 
 ward, John Young, Archibald Young, John Young, <Tr. 
 
 EAST BEANDTWINE AND WEST BEANDTWINB. 
 
 The township of Brandywine was erected from the 
 northern part of East Cain township in 1790, and ex- 
 tended northward to the southern line of Springton 
 Manor. It received its name from the stream by the two 
 branches of which it was bounded respectively on its east 
 and west sides. It was divided into East Brandywine 
 and West Brandywine in 1844. In 1853 a small part 
 of the southern end of West Brandywine was taken in 
 the formation of Valley township, and in 1859 the line 
 between East Brandywine and West Brandywine was 
 altered in a part of its course so as to include in West 
 Brandywine a part of East Brandywine. In 1860 West 
 Brandywine was enlarged on the north by a consider- 
 able addition to it from the southeast corner of Honey- 
 brook and the western part of Wallace. This addition in- 
 cluded the Presbyterian church commonly known as Bran- 
 dywine Manor, which theretofore had been in Honey- 
 brook. 
 
 The name " Brandywine Manor" being borne in common 
 parlance by this church, and there being also a post-oflSce 
 of the same name, has given the impression that there was 
 a manor of that name. This, however, was not the case. 
 There never was a manor created by William Penn or his 
 heirs bearing the name of Brandywine. The church above 
 referred to is situated upon lands which formed part of the 
 manor of Springton. This manor embraced the greater 
 part of what is now Wallace township, and also a part of 
 the present township of West Brandywine, and perhaps of 
 other townships. The church above referred to has been 
 ecclesiastically known from the earliest period of its history 
 to the present time as the "Forks of Brandywine," and 
 being located on manor-land, it became popularly known 
 as the " Manor church," to which Brandywine, from the 
 
 name of the church, would naturally be added. It is com- 
 monly spoken of, even at the present day, by those residing 
 in the vicinage, as the " Manor church." 
 
 On the north line of the two townships a survey was 
 made in 1714, for George Claypoole, of 1820 acres. South 
 of this William Branson, of Philadelphia, held 1275 
 acres. In 1799 the number of taxables was 193. 
 
 CALN, EAST OALN, AND WEST CALN. 
 
 Cain township originally included the territory now em- 
 braced in Cain, East Cain, West Cain, East Brandywine, 
 West Brandywine, and a part of Valley township, and the 
 borough of Downingtown, and that . part of Coatesville 
 lying east of the west branch of Brandywine. It was 
 named from the town of Calne, in Wiltshire, England, 
 whence some of the early settlers came. In 1702, and 
 about that time, surveys were made, extending from the 
 Welsh tract (the western line of Whiteland) on the east 
 to the west branch of Brandywine on the west, mostly con- 
 fined to the valley. These surveys were afterwards ex- 
 tended northward and northwesterly. 
 
 Joseph Cloud, Richard Cloud, and George Mendenhall, 
 all of Cain, were indicted for an assault on Joseph Hick- 
 man, in his house, in Cain, April 6, 1709. In 1714, Peter 
 Taylor was constable for Gain, which shows an organization 
 at that date. The assessment of 1715 here follows : 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Aaron Mendenhall 3 6 
 
 Thomas Moore... 4 2 
 
 Peter Tavlor 2 6 
 
 William Cloud 2 6 
 
 Isaac Vernon 3 6 
 
 Joseph Cloud 3 6 
 
 John Mendenhall 4 
 
 William fflemin 2 6 
 
 James Swafi'er 2 6 
 
 William Taylor 10 
 
 Non-resident Land. 
 
 John Baldwin 5 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 John Parker 4 2 
 
 Daniel Smith 8 4 
 
 Philip Roman 15 
 
 Anthony Morris 3 11 
 
 Richard Webb 4 7 
 
 ffree Men. 
 
 John Richards 4 
 
 Thomas Efford 4 
 
 Total., 
 
 3 4 11 
 
 Nov. 26, 1728, a petition to the following effect was 
 presented to the court : 
 
 "That your Petitioners Labouring under many difficulties by 
 reason of the Largeness of the said Township, which was never yet 
 Bounded but on the East Side Joyning Whiteland Town : That the 
 Said Town Extends in Length above fourteen miles, and in breadth near 
 fourteen miles. That the farthest Setlers back from the Great Road 
 leading to Philadelphia, living so Remote from the Said Road Seldom 
 have notice to come down to repair it, which often wants by reason its 
 so abused and cut with the Dutch Waggons which daily pass and 
 Repass along the Said Road. 
 
 " Inasmuch as the Said Township is large Enough to be Devided 
 into Two, your Petitioners Humbly desire for the Ease of the said 
 Township that it may be Devided and that the Bounds of 3= Town- 
 ship of Cain may begin at the line of Whiteland on the South Side of 
 the said Town of Cain and so Extend from the Said line Westerly 
 along the Valley Mountain to the West Branch of Brandywine Creek, 
 then up the Said Branch Northerly to the plantation of Joseph Dar- 
 lington, then Easterly Along the Mountain Between y« plantation of 
 Thomas Elderidg and the Indian Town to David Roberts, then to the 
 Bounds of Uwohlund. 
 
 "That the Remaining part of the Town being Large Enough for a 
 Township, its Humbly Desired by your Petitioners it may be called 
 Speffbrth.* Wherefore your Petitioners Humbly Desire that you will 
 
 * Another name — perhaps " Cain Grove" — was inserted in the peti- 
 tion, but afterwards crossed off, and Spefforth, or Spofforth, written in 
 the margin. 
 
168 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 take this into your Consideration and to allow the Said Township of 
 Cain to be Devided and Bounded as is before set forth, and y' Peti" 
 will pray, ko. 
 
 " William Heald. Pierre Bizallion. 
 
 Samuel Bishop. David Evans. 
 
 John Daveson. Thomas Moore. 
 
 William SinUler. Peter Whitaker. 
 
 Will. Nichols. Robert Miller. 
 
 William Dunn. Joseph Griffiths. 
 
 Richard Hughs. Jason Cloud. 
 
 Thomas Vernon. Aaron Mendenhall. 
 
 Arthur White. , Llewelin Parry. 
 
 William Gregory. Edward Irwin. 
 
 Edmund Gregory. James Bruce. 
 
 Thomas Dawson. Thomas Heald. 
 
 Edward Thompson. Joseph Darlinton. 
 
 Thomas Eldridge. Samuel MoKinley. 
 
 Peter Whitaker. Thomas Ramsey." 
 
 Thomas Parke. 
 
 This petition is indorsed "allowed," but there is no 
 further evidence of a township called Spefforth, in lieu of 
 which West Cain appears. The bounds given are rather 
 indefinite, and did not include a large tract of 1820 acres 
 on the north, which was subsequently added. 
 
 The inhabitants of East Cain petitioned for a determi- 
 nation of their boundaries,* May 29, 1739, whereupon, — 
 
 " It is ordered that the said Township of East Cain shall be bounded 
 and limitted as followeth viz Beginning at a post being the South 
 East Corner of the land late of John Baldwin thence west along the 
 said Baldwins south line three hundred and forty-nine ^ches to a 
 black oak thence south ninty two ^ohes to a hickory thence south 
 eighty-five Degrees west Two hundred ^ches to a Chesnut tree by the 
 north branch of Brandewine Creek at a Corner of William Claytons 
 land then up the same Branch Two hundred ^ches to the line of the 
 land late of George Ashton thence West by South by the same and by 
 Abel Parkes Land Three hundred and forty ^ches to a corner thence 
 west along the south end of Phineas Lewis and Phillip Romans Land 
 Two hundred and seventy-six ^ches to a Corner thence South one hun- 
 dred and Eight ^ches to a Black oak nt a Corner of William Pimms 
 land thence west along the south end of the said Pimms Patrick Mil- 
 ler and Robert Millers Lands seven hundred and twenty-one ^cbes to a 
 Corner then by y' Lands of Moses Coates Peter Bazalion and Wil- 
 liam Fleming West by South five hundred and ffifty ^ohes to the 
 west branch of Brandewine Creek then up the same on the several 
 Courses thereof about fifteen hundred ^ches to a black oak at the 
 north west Corner of Joseph Darlington's land then west one hundred 
 and Eighty nine ^ohes to the southwest Corner of George Claypooles 
 land thence north three hundred and forty three ^ches to a black oak 
 being y^ northwest Corner of the said Claypooles land thence east by 
 Springtown Manor twelve hundred and forty-eight ^ohes to a post at 
 a Corner of the said Manor and from thence east four hundred and 
 twenty ^ches to the said north branch of Brandewine Creek then 
 down y« same on the several Courses thereof about nine hundred 
 ^ches to the north line of a Tract of land lately surveyil to Thomas 
 Moore thence ea£t about ffive hundred and eighty ^cbes to the welsh 
 line thence along the snid line South twenty four Degrees east about 
 ffive hundred and ten ^ohes to the South east Corner of Lewellin Par- 
 rys land thence south sixty degrees west one hundred and forty three 
 ^obes and South siity five ^ohes to the place of beginning." 
 
 At a court held May 29, 1744, upon the petition of the 
 inhabitants of West Cain, — 
 
 " It is ordered that the sii Township of West Cain shall be bounded 
 and Limited as followeth viz Beginning at a Black oak by the West 
 Branch of Brandywine Creek at the northwest corner of Joseph Dar- 
 lington's Land thence by the land late of George Claypoole West 189 
 prs to a post and north 343 ps to a Black oak at the northwest 
 
 » One of the "stock" phrases in petitions for settling boundaries of 
 townships was that while they remained uncertain "your petitioners 
 are in great danger of being infested with profligate persons, who flee 
 hither from the neighboring provinces," 
 
 corner of the s* Claypole's land thence on a due west course to the 
 division line of the Counties of Chester and Lancaster thence south- 
 ward along the 6^ division line to the south side of a Tract of Land 
 formerly surveyed to Thomas Clarke and from thence by a Straight 
 Line to a white oak at the southwest corner of Hugh De Ven- 
 ny's Land thence along the lines between the Land of the s* De Venny 
 and the land of Walter Guilkey & W™ Ferguson to the s* Hugh De 
 Venny's southeast corner post thence along a line between the land of 
 the said W" Ferguson and Adam Leech and the land of Robert Sand- 
 ford to the said Sandfords south West corner black oak and from 
 thence along the southern boundaries of the Lands of the s* Robert 
 Sandford, John Williams, Hugh Cowen &, John Kinkead to a Black 
 oak at the South East corner of the s* Kinkead's land from thence 
 due east to the s* western branch of Brandywine Creek thence up the 
 same to the first mentioned black oak. 
 
 "And it is further ordered that the Plantations of Walter Guilkey, 
 William Ferguson and Adam Leech and all other seats and improve- 
 ments Lying on the Valley Mountain to the South of the Southern 
 boundaries of the s* Township of West Cain shall belong to the Town- 
 ship of Sadbury in the 6* County of Chester and are hereby Annexed 
 to the same." 
 
 East Cain was reduced in size in 1790 by the erection 
 of Brandywine township, which was taken from its north- 
 ern part in that year. It was again reduced in size in the 
 formation of Valley township on the west in 1853. In 
 1859 it was still further reduced by the incorporation of 
 the borough of Downingtown. In 1868 it was again di- 
 vided, the part lying east of the east branch of the Brandy- 
 wine retaining the name of East Cain, and the remainder, 
 with the part of Valley township lying east of the borough 
 of Coatesville, taking the original name of Cain. West 
 Cain was slightly reduced in size in 1853, in the erection 
 of Valley township on the southeast. From 1790 to 1853 
 East Cain was a long, narrow township, extending from the 
 west branch of the Brandywine to the western line of West 
 Whiteland, a distance of over nine miles. The greater 
 part of the present townships of Cain and East Cain lie in 
 the valley and contain beautiful farming-lands, wbile West 
 Cain is more hilly. 
 
 The committee, appointed by the court, who formed the 
 new township of Cain, in 1868, recommended to the court 
 that it be called Wawassan, but this was not satisfactory to 
 the residents, and the name of Cain was given to it. This 
 was deemed appropriate by reason of the new township em- 
 bracing the heart of the old original township of Cain, and 
 having within its limits a post-ofSce and railroad station 
 bearing that name. 
 
 Among the early settlers and owners of land in East 
 Cain were the names of Baldwin, Cloud, Moore, Parker, 
 Taylor, and Vernon ; in Cain, the names of Aston, Hunt, 
 Lewis, Miller, Pim, Parke, Roman, Coates, Bizallion, Mus- 
 grove, and Mendenhall ; in West Cain, the names of Sharp- 
 less, Swayne, Sinkler (St. Clair), Way, White, Weaver, 
 and Dawson. Peter Bizallion was a French trader among 
 the Indians for some time, but finally settled here. 
 
 EAST CALN TAXABLES, 1753. 
 
 Roger Hunt, Martha Bizallian, Thomas Downing, Richard Down- 
 ing, John Downing, Robert Miller, Thomas Pim, Richard Pim, 
 Thomas Parke, Phinehas Lewis, Aaron Mendenhall, Joshua Baldwin, 
 John Baldwin, Bartholomew Bird, Jason Cloud, Robert Valentine, 
 Joshua Roman, James Mendenhall, Thomas Stalker, Thomas Coates, 
 John Little, James Fleming, Peter Fleming, Agnes Harris, Andrew 
 Cox, John Walker, John Mendenhall, Bryan McGee, William Littler, 
 Charles Carroll, John Davison, James Moore, Thomas Pain, William 
 Wright, Robert Mirick, John White, William Wilson, Guyan Moore, 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 169 
 
 John Wall, Mary Darlington, Robert Darlington, Sarah Irwin, James 
 Cunninghum, Robert Irwin, Theophilus Irwin, John Gillylan, Samuel 
 Fisher, Thomas Fisher, James Jack, Andrew Hemphill, Samuel Mo- 
 Kenly, Andrew Elliot, John Man, Peter Whitaker, John Whitaker, 
 John Smith, Patrick Lookhart, Richard Buffinton, John McDermot, 
 John Morgan, Thomas Green, Jr., Thomas Green, John Green, Wil- 
 liam Paterson, John Culberson, Joseph Eldridge, Thomas Evans, John 
 Byars, Samuel Byars, John Barr, Moses Waite, John Long, William 
 Brue, Richard Guest, John Brownlee, William Smart, James MoFar- 
 lon, Abel Whitaker, Alexander McCIane, John McFarlan, Hugh 
 Stalker, Thomas Temple, Patrick Skolton, Alexander Nesbitt, Hugh 
 Morgan. 
 
 Inmates^ — John Jones, James Packer, William Rolierts, Isaac Thom- 
 son, John Chamberlin, Francis Fisher, William McLane, George Me- 
 nagh, John Paterson Hills, George Phillip, John Scott, Owen Sulivan, 
 Archibald Irwin, William Berry, David MoCreary, James Doraugh, 
 John McKee, Denis Moley, John Irwin, Thomas Awloott. 
 
 Freemen. — Andrew Knox, John Gaa, Robert Eaches, Jonathan 
 Valentine, Matthew Taylor, James Gowdy, John Headen, Gilbert An- 
 derson, Patrick Duffy, William Pearson, James Gibbons, Jnmes Koony, 
 Roger O'Develin, Joseph Taylor, Moses Horen, Charles Read, James 
 Campbell, Patrick McGownn, Jonathan Stiilker, Joseph Cashin, Bryan 
 McKune, Robert Ross, Joseph McMin, Stephen Brown, John Cahoon, 
 Hugh Ratchford, Joshua Hardin, George McFarlan. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 
 Joseph Downing, Joshua Baldwin, John Baldwin, Jason Cloud, 
 William Barry, George Buchanan, Abiah Parke, Richard Cheyne, John 
 Downing, Henry Barker, Richard Downing, Robert Valentine, Jona- 
 than Parke, David Jenkins, William Baldwin, Jona. Hoops, William 
 Roberts, Isaac Webb, James Sheward, Samuel Hunt, James Hood, 
 Jona. Valentine, Anne Parke, Obed Lewis, John Hoops, Griffith Men- 
 dcnhall, Robert Valentine, Jr., Curtis Lewis, Rachel Roman, Hannah 
 Pym, Thomas Stalker, Warwick Miller, Esq., Thomas Conts, Isaac 
 Coats, Moses Coats, Mary Hart, Alexander Fleman (Fleming), Joseph 
 Fleraan, Peter Fleman, James Thomson, Robert Elton, Andrew Cox, 
 Thomas White, Joseph Arbuckle, James McKelby, Samuel Pickins, 
 Samuel White, Andrew Oulbertson, James Clark, John Carmichal, 
 William Wilson, George Kennedy, Robert Wilson, John Walker, John 
 Proudfoot, Mary Cox, Francis Zook, Samuel Thompson, Joshua Men- 
 denhall, Adam Guthry, William Iddings, James Lockhart, Ludwick 
 Liggett, Thomas Windle, Richard Buffington, James Guthry, Andrew 
 Elliott, Joseph McKinley, Thomas Fisher, Robert Darlington, Samuel 
 RoUiday, Arch. Irwin, William Wilson, William Long, John Gileylen, 
 James Jack, Joseph Long, James Stanley, John Smith, Henry Lewis, 
 Isaac Green, Isabel Irwin, Theophilus Irwin, Samuel Culbertson, 
 Robert Lockhart, James Hanson, William Todd, John Culbertson, 
 James McGlaughlin, William Johnston, John Sloan, Charles Jack, 
 James Miller, Michael Miller. 
 
 WEST CALN TAXABLES, 1753. 
 
 John Miller, Esq., Thomas Clark, William Mathers, Hugh Gib, Jr., 
 Robert Stanford, James Cooper, Evan Wilkinson, John Williams, John 
 Davidson, James Wilson, William Martin, Oliver Crawford, William 
 Thompson, Robert Withrow, Samuel Wiihrow, Joshua Swain, James 
 Way, Caleb Swain, John Sinkler, William Sinkler, Nathaniel White, 
 Evan Lewis, Joseph Bishop, Sr., William Brown, Thomas Sharp, Hugh 
 Shearer, Hamilton Gamble, William McCown, Peter Bab, John Jack, 
 Mary Doak, Henry Hunter, William Gregory, John Cambell, Samuel 
 Love, Thomas and Alexander Rogers, John Robinson, William Dunn, 
 Jr., Thomas Kelly, Robert Kelly, William Dunn, Sr., George Cambell, 
 Elizabeth Davidson, Thomas Davidson, John Porter, Josias Cambell, 
 James Cumens, James Gibs, Sr., Josias Wallis, Thomas Dawson, Abra- 
 ham Dawson, Richard Hope, Samuel Henry, Samuel McKeece, Mathew 
 Rogers, William finley, John forgus, Samuel Clyde, George Sinkler, 
 John Boyd, Joseph Clark, James Gaby, William Hamilton, William 
 Davidson, Francis Jonson, William Clingan, Thomas Brown, Joseph 
 'Bishop, Hugh Gibs, Sr., William Richardson, John Harper, Edward 
 Magnor, James Guthre, John Love, James Jemison, Finley McCown, 
 James Keys. 
 
 Inmates. — Robert Orr, Isaac Santford, Hugh Martin, John McNabb, 
 Joseph Harper, John fre, Samuel Wilson, George Campbell, George 
 "Bell, William Dickey, James Gilmor. 
 
 Freemen. — William Fulton, Robert Dobson, John fullow, Gideon 
 '1^ 
 
 Wilson, Robert Robinson, William Wallace, John Maflin, William 
 Sinkler. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 
 Caleb Way, James Keys, William Hunter, Nathaniel Maxwell, 
 William Crawford, John Fleming, Joseph Gladney, Samuel Witherow, 
 Robert Witherow, Edward Vernon, Gabriel Walker, George Harris, 
 Samson Babb, John Edge, Samuel Denny, Mary Biibb, John Jack, 
 John Parkehill, John Long, William Neeley, William Kenneily, 
 Thomas Bold, James Brown, Matthew Ferguson, Charles Campbell, 
 Robert Gamble, Oliver Wallace, James Martin, Alexonder Rogers, 
 William Shearer, Joseph Bishop, David Lewis, Job Sinkler, George 
 Quaintance, Alexander Davidson, Thomas Wilson, Thomas Law, Mi- 
 chael Boldridge, Sarah Keys, Samuel Fisher, William McGlougblin, 
 Richard Hope, Joseph Parke, John Stalker, Margaret Dawson, John 
 Griffith, Francis Alexander, Robert MePherson, Alexander McPhir- 
 son, John Cochran, Arthur O'Neale, Andrew Jack, John McCullougb, 
 James Douglass, Thomas Douglass, Samuel Atlcy, John Linpcy, Jo- 
 seph Gardner, Joseph Clark, Herman Stiles, Barbara Wagoner, Jolm 
 Marshall, Thomas Kennedy, Gilbert Gibbs, Benjamin Wallace, Fran- 
 cis Kincade, William Moore, William Bennett, William Davidson, 
 William Crawford, James Pierce, James Clemson, Peter Whitaker, 
 Joseph Ash, Mary Way, Robert Cortney, William Witherow, James 
 Goudey, William Ctingbam (Clingan), Robert Robeson, Zaphaniali 
 Davis, Robert Kelley, James Kelley, Richard Cox, Josiah Wallace, 
 John Martin, John Wallace, Patrick Porter, William Henry, Francis 
 Daneson, AVilliam Logan, and Joseph Bishop. 
 
 CHAELESTOWN. 
 
 Charlestown township and the stream of water which 
 flows through it were named in honor of Charles Pickerin;^, 
 of Asmore, in the county of Chester, England, his first 
 name — Charles — being given to the township, and his sur- 
 name — Pickering — to the creek. Charles Pickering was 
 an Englishman who, it is said, crossed the ocean with Wil- 
 liam Pcnn,and wandered up the Schuylkill River in search 
 of treasure. Supposing that he had discovered traces of 
 silver on the banks of the stream which now bears his 
 name, and believing that the neighboring hills contained 
 large quantities of the precious metal, he returned to Phil- 
 adelphia, and obtained from Penn a grant of a largo tract 
 of land bordering upon the stream. He subsequently dug 
 up and sent to England a large quantity of the supposed 
 precious metal for analysis. What the result was is not 
 known, but it is supposed it was unfavorable, as the eiforts 
 at mining were abandoned. Traces of the excavations 
 made in these mining operations are said to be still visible. 
 
 In 1683, Pickering was tried for setting up a private 
 mint for the " Quoining of Spanish Bitts and Boston 
 money," for which he was fined forty pounds, and directed 
 to redeem all that had been issued. It does not appear 
 that this was followed by any social condemnation, and the 
 Council, on the 14th of 3d month, 1685, passed a reso- 
 lution declaring that, in privileges and freedom, he stood in 
 " Equal Capacity" with the other colonists. He was after- 
 wards drowned while crossing the ocean, and his land in 
 Chester County was divided between sixteen of his friends, 
 to whom he had devised it. In the assessment of 1715 it 
 appears as follows : 
 
 THE LAND LATE OF CHARLES PICKERING- 
 
 David Lloyd 1600" 
 
 Samuel Buckley 500'.... 
 
 John Moore 340» 
 
 Griffith Jones 340'' 
 
 Joseph Pidgcon 340".... 
 
 Tho : Tress 340" 
 
 Joshua Carpenter 340".. 
 
 Sam. Carpenter 1620"... 
 
 William Sanders 340"... 
 
 «. d. 
 6 8 
 
 RATE. 
 
 £ 8. 
 
 Joseph Richards 340".... 1 
 
 Griffith Pritchet 340".... 1 
 
 John Jones 340" 1 
 
 Henry fflower 340" 1 
 
 Sam. Richardson Do 1 
 
 Edward Shippen Do 1 
 
 ffrancis Rawles Do 1 
 
 1 11 9 
 
170 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 In 1718, " Pickering's Lotts," 4640 acres, were included 
 in the non-resident land of Whiteland assessment, and it is 
 not till 1722 that we get the names of actual settlers in the 
 " Charles Town Hate," with the valuation of their estates : 
 
 James Anderson 18 
 
 Harry Griffith 15 
 
 Lewis Martyn 20 
 
 Non-reaident Land. 
 
 Cooks & Company 20,000 
 
 acres 1400 
 
 London Tract 210 
 
 John Moor 21 
 
 Joshua Carpenter 21 
 
 John Bud 10 
 
 Sam. Buckley 35 
 
 Pike's Land 700 
 
 Francis Buckholderand his 
 
 sons 38 
 
 Samuel Kichardson 28 
 
 John Humphreys 30 
 
 James Jones 24 
 
 Philip Jones 16 
 
 David Jones 20 
 
 Llewelyn David 16 
 
 Griffith Pritohard 20 
 
 Mathias Martin 22 
 
 Alexander Owen 12 
 
 John Kees 10 
 
 Manuel Jones 16 
 
 Thomas John 34 
 
 Stephen David 16 
 
 In this year Thomas John was constable, being the first 
 in the township. The tax-rate was threepence in the 
 pound. In 1724 we find also the names of William Moore, 
 John David, David Giby, John Powell, David, James, and 
 Philip John (instead of Jones), Thomas David, John, Jo- 
 seph, and Jacob Buckwalder, Benjamin Villaur, John 
 Evan, Grifiith and Asariah Thomas, and John Jones. 
 
 William Penn, in 1G81, conveyed to his sister, Margaret 
 Lowther, and her family, 10,000 acres of land, in right of 
 which a tract called the " Manor of Bilton" was laid out on 
 the west side of Schuylkill, and separated from the " Manor 
 of Mount Joy" by the Valley Creek. In 1733 it was re- 
 surveyed, and found to contain 2850 acres, being the 
 southeastern part of Charlestown township. In 1737, Wil- 
 liam Allen, Esq., of Philadelphia, became the owner of the 
 manor, and in 1739 he sold it to John Parry, of Havcr- 
 ford. The land was then divided between the followins 
 
 o 
 
 persons: William John Adam, 500 acres; Widow Mat- 
 thias, 263 ; John Jones, 500 ; William Griffith, 174 ; Cad- 
 walader Hugh, 176 ; Griffith Thomas, 235 ; Thomas James, 
 George Rees and William Lloyd, 430 ; Thomas Howell, 
 366 ; Jenkin David, 200 ; and Kathariiie Rees, 151 acres. 
 
 David Lloyd took up 950 acres on the west side of 
 French Creek, at its mouth, in right of a warrant to John 
 Henry Sproegle, in right of Benjohan Furly. The warrant 
 was dated 11, 20, 1708, and the survey made 2, 6, 1712. 
 He also took up 650 acres on the other side of the creek 
 at the same time, in right of a warrant to Francis Cooke. 
 The whole was patented to Lloyd in 1713, under the name 
 of " Manavon," from the place of his birth in Wales. He 
 never settled thereon, but in 1720 sold the 650 acres to 
 Francis Buckwalter, and in 1731 James Starr bought 350 
 and Moses Coates 600 acres, the balance of the land at this 
 point. These grantees of Lloyd were the first settlers at 
 what is now Phoenixville. 
 
 M_oses Coates and John David, overseers of the poor, 
 petitioned the Court 12, 28, 1737-8, complaining of the 
 uncertain boundaries, and asking the confirmation of cer- 
 tain bounds according to a survey which they had obtained 
 at their own charge, as follows : 
 
 " Beginning at the west side of Sohuylkil by the moutli of a small 
 Branch Called Stony run thonoe South M^est by Joseph Pykes land 
 about seven miles and a half to a Corner Chestnutt by a small Brook 
 being the Nortli West Corner of 1600 acres of land late of John 
 Budds Thonce by the same South East seven Rods to a Corner in the 
 Line of the Welsh Tract thence by the same East by North Eight 
 
 miles and one Bod to the Value Creek then Down the same Between 
 Mount Joy on the South and Mount Sorrow on the North about one 
 mile to Schuylkil then upon the several] Courses thereof to the place 
 of Begining Containing by Computation Twelve Thousand nine hun- 
 dred and fifty acres. Surveyed the seventh day of the Twelfth Month 
 Anno Dom 1737-8. 
 
 "by Richard Jones. 
 "The above boundarya of the township of Charles Town was or- 
 dered to be Recorded the thirtieth Day of May 1738. 
 
 " ^ Jo : Pabker, Oler." 
 
 The township was divided in the year 1826, and the 
 eastern division, lying along the river, called Schuylkill 
 township, the name Charlestown being retained by the west- 
 ern division. In 1827 the lines between the southwestern 
 part of Charlestown and the townships of East and West 
 Whiteland and Uwchlan were altered, the former survey 
 having been defective or incorrectly reported. The early 
 settlers of Charlestown were mostly Welsh, followed by 
 some from Germany. 
 
 CHARLESTOWN TAXABLES, 1753. 
 
 Will : Moore, Esq', Lewis Morgan, Daniel John, Lewis Martin, 
 Griffeth John, Lluetin Martin, Emanuel Jones, Joseph Byers, Rees 
 David, W™ Thomas, Tho" Robert, Moses Coates, James Balla, David 
 Humphrey, John Buckwalter, Aaron Coates, Jacob Mary, John Lyons, 
 John James, Tho^ David, Hugh Frazer, Moses Coates, Jun', John 
 David, David Davis,. David John, Anthony Prichard, Dan' Goldsmith, 
 James Williams, Tho" Valentine, Jonathan Davis, John Thomas, 
 John Griffeth, John Evans, Lluellin Davies, James John, Daniel 
 Beaton, John Thomas, John Commins, David Davis, John Conaway, 
 John Gallacher, John Criswell, William Grimes, Job Harvy, Joseph 
 Williams, Bastian Wagoner, Jonathan Coates, Joseph Starr, Evan 
 Jenken, Jonathan Worrall, Tho" Davis, David Davis, David Thomas, 
 Peter Matthews, David Matthias, George Martin, Patrick Henderson, 
 Llewellin Davis Smith, John Williams, David Bees, Daniel Shea, 
 Jeremiah Pike. 
 
 Freemen. — Alexander Balla, James Richason, John Richason, 
 Tho" Steegleets, Dominiok Kelly, Farrell O'farcy, George Anderson, 
 Samuel Starr. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 Patrick Anderson, Joseph Alexander, John Buckwalter, Frederick 
 Bussard, John Buckwalter, William Bodley, Benjamin Boyers, Elias 
 Brown, Anno Boyers, Daniel Buckwalter, Moses Coates, Jonathan 
 Coates, Benjamin Coates, James Cloyd, Jacob Cauffman, Joseph Con- 
 rad, Alexander Campbell, John Coon, Christopher Coon, Llewellyn 
 Davis, Jenkin Davis, David Davis, William Deweese, Israel Davis, 
 Abner Evans, John Francis, Nicholas Foose, Valentine Foose, William 
 Fussel, FrederiokGeerhart, John Griffith, John Griffith (schoolmaster), 
 William Graham, Nicholas Halderman, Christian Halderman, Samuel 
 Harvey, John Humphrey, Jacob Hoomel, Nicholas Halderman, Jr., 
 David John, Griffith Jones, David James, John Keiter, Benjamin Long- 
 streth, George Late, Edwin Lane, William Moore, Esq., Alexander Mc- 
 Auley, George MoKenny, James Martin, Joel Martin, Henry Miller, 
 Isaac Morgan, Jacob Miller, Christian Mary, Anthony Pritchard, Jacob 
 Pennypaeker, Thoma.« Robinson, Daniel Rossiter, Thomas Roberts, 
 John Richardson, Philip Rapp, Joseph S.arr, Joseph Starr, Jr., Jo- 
 seph Smith, Joseph Showalter, Martin Shenbolk, Jacob Sturk, Amos 
 Thomas, Andrew Turk, Benjamin Thomas, Richard Tompkins, James 
 Thomas, John Varley, John Vergloth, David Williams, Thomas Wil- 
 liams, Sebastian Wagoner, James White, Christian Whitaker, Jona- 
 than Wells, John Youngblood, Robert Kennedy, James MeConell, 
 Michael King, Jane Martin, Matthias Pennypaeker, and Michael 
 Holman. 
 
 CHESTER. 
 This was probably the first named of the townships in 
 the county, and the town of the same name remained the 
 county-seat for more than one hundred years thereafter. 
 It is now a part of Delaware County. From the spread of 
 families backward from the first settlements, the lists of 
 taxables in the old townships will be of interest to our 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOKOUGHS, ETC. 
 
 171 
 
 present citizens, 
 is here given : 
 
 The assessment list for 1715 for Chester 
 
 CHESTER RATE. 
 
 Jasper Yeates for his 
 
 estate iu Chester 12 
 
 Tobias Hendriokson 5 
 
 John Wright 6 
 
 John Sallield 7 
 
 Francis Worley 7 
 
 Jacob Roman 4 
 
 Thomas Bright 1 
 
 Jeremiah Carter 4 
 
 Thomas Baldwin 3 
 
 AVilliam Co.ebourn 2 
 
 Thomas Coebourn 4 
 
 John Linvill 1 
 
 James Streeter 2 
 
 Hen Worley 15 
 
 Caleb Pusey 5 
 
 Jonas Sandelands 10 
 
 John Wade 3 
 
 Isaac Barton 1 
 
 Samuel Tomlinson 1 
 
 NicholiiB Fairlamb 4 
 
 Evan Morgan 3 
 
 John Hoslcins 6 
 
 John Baldwin 4 
 
 James Barber 1 
 
 John Scarlet 2 
 
 Jacob Howell 4 
 
 Joseph Coebourn 19 
 
 David Lloyd ; 13 
 
 William Heurtin 3 
 
 £ 
 
 John Rimiugton 
 
 Robert Hodgson 
 
 James Logan 
 
 George Woodyer 
 
 George Simpson 
 
 John Tyler 
 
 Joseph Richards 
 
 John Soott 
 
 Edward Dungger 
 
 Thomas Weston 
 
 William Tidmarsh 
 
 David Roberta 
 
 Rd. Marsden 
 
 ffree Men. 
 
 Caleb Coupland 
 
 "William Lee q 
 
 John Price 
 
 Henry Baker 
 
 Nicholas Powell 
 
 John Saul 
 
 William Maultsby 
 
 James Reece 
 
 Albert Skere 
 
 Thomas Lancaster 
 
 Joseph Parker 
 
 James Bond 
 
 Total 10 19 4 
 
 CHICHESTEE. 
 This name was given to Marcus Hook April 20, 1682, 
 and the name was subsequently applied to the townships 
 styled Upper and Lower Chichester, both now in Delaware 
 County. In 1715 the taxables in the lower part were : 
 
 Philip Roman, Jonah Roman, Robert Roman, John Rawson, Rich- 
 ard Bezer, Philip Pedrick, Anthony Baldwin, William Flower, Mor- 
 decai Howell, John Royley, Richard Edwards, William Clayton, 
 William Hewes, William Hewes, Jr., John Hopton, Richard Crosby, 
 John Boss. 
 
 Freemen. — John Flower, Thomas Clayton, and Thomas Howell. 
 
 Those in Upper Chichester were : 
 
 Enoch Flower, William Chandler, Walter Marten, Henry Reynolds, 
 Francis Reynolds, Ruth Chandler, George Leonard, Francis Routh, 
 Matthew Wood, John Bezer, John Kingsman, Humphrey Scarlet, 
 James Whitaker, Shadreck Scarlet, Thomas Linvill, Thomas Withers, 
 Jeremiah Collett, John Chambers, Richard Weaver, Jeremiah Cloud. 
 
 Freeman. — Richard Mashell. 
 
 COATESVILLE. 
 
 The borough of Coatesville was incorporated by the 
 Court of Quarter Sessions of Chester County in 1867. It 
 was taken wholly from Valley township, and is situated in 
 the Great Valley, where it is crossed by the west branch 
 of Brandywine, and embraces territory on both sides of 
 that stream. A village long known as Midway, situated 
 on the Pennsylvania Railroad west of the Brandywine, 
 was included within its boundaries, and is now generally 
 known in common parlance as West Coatesville. The vil- 
 lage of Midway was just half-way between Philadelphia 
 and Columbia, the original termini of the railroad, and 
 hence its name. 
 
 Coatesville was named in honor of the Coates family. 
 Moses Coates, the ancestor of the family, with his wife 
 Susanna, came from Ireland about 1717, and settled in 
 Charlestown township, Chester County, whence some of their 
 children removed to East Cain. William Fleming was a 
 settler near Coatesville. His wife Mary was a sister of 
 John and Thomas Moore, who settled at Downingtown. 
 
 The Fleming family are now quite numerous. At an early 
 period they owned a considerable quantity of laud in the 
 Great Valley, on both sides of the west branch of Brandy- 
 wine. 
 
 The noted marauder during the Revolutionary war, 
 James Fitzpatrick, had one of his hiding-places at what 
 was known as Hand's Pass, a gap in the North Valley 
 Hill, a short distance west of Coatesville, near where the 
 Philadelphia and Lancaster turnpike leaves the valley. 
 
 Coatesville is situated on the Pennsylvania and the Wil- 
 mington and Northern Railroads, and is the centre of a 
 considerable iron manufacture. 
 
 CONCORD. 
 
 This township, according to the assessment of 1715, con- 
 tained the following taxables : 
 
 Nath. Newlin, Ju'., Nicholas Pyle for y° mill, James Clamston, 
 Nath. Newlin, Sen'., Joseph Cloud, Henry Oburn, John Palmer, John 
 Palmer, Ju'., Godwin Walter, George Robinson, Jacob Pyle, Ralph 
 Pyle, Henry Peirce, Matthias Carle, Ralph Evenson, James Heavrd, 
 William Ammet, Thomas Smith, John Lee, Robert Chamberlin, Rob- 
 ert Chamberlin, Jun', Thomas West, William Hill, Morgan Jones, 
 Thomas Durnall, George Lee, Daniel Evans, Joseph Nicklin, John 
 Hanum, Benj"" Mendenhall, John Mendenhall, John Newlin, Joseph 
 Edwards, Thomas Broom, William fforde, ffrancis Pulin, John Pen- 
 neck, James Chiffers, John Hackney, Christopher Penock. 
 
 ffreemen. — Caleb Pearkins, Richard ffarr, Peter Poulston, John Pen- 
 nook, John Engram, Henry Jones, Thomas Ealthan. 
 
 Tills township is now in Delaware County. 
 
 CONESTOGA. 
 First mentioned in the assessment of 1718 : 
 
 English Inhabitants. — Francis Warley, John Cartliedge, James Hen- 
 dricks, James Letart, James Patterson, William Sherrel, John Hen- 
 dricks, Collum Macquair, Thomas Baldwin, Thomas Gale, Alexander 
 Beuse, John McDaniel, Richard Carter, John Linvill, Robert Wilkins, 
 John ffarrer, John Grist, William Hughes, Peter Basillion, John Comb, 
 Joseph Roe, Andrew Mason, Joseph Hickman, Daniel Cookson, 
 Thomas Clark, William Clark, Stephen Atkinson, Morgan Jones, Ed- 
 mund Cartliedge, collector. 
 
 ffreemen. — John Harriss, David Preece, Robert Middleton, Richard 
 Grice, Nathaniel Christopher, Thomas Perrin, Samuel Birchfleld, 
 William Ludford, Thomas Wilkin, James Davis, Evan Evans, Thomas 
 Jones. 
 
 Dutch Inhabitants. — Martin Kundig, Martin Milin, Christian Heer, 
 John Haer, Wendall Bowman, Jacob Miller, Joseph Steman, Daniel 
 Harmer, John Miller, John Funk, Henry Carpenture, Henry Hayne, 
 Christopher ffrancisous, Peter Bellar, Benedictus Venriok, Daniel 
 fBerre, John ffierre, Phillip ffierre, Isaac Lefevre, Richard Davis, 
 Thomas ffalkner, John Milen, Hans Haure, John Taylor, Martyn Berr, 
 Imanuel Heer, Henry Kundic «!fc Son, Jacob Moyer, Hans Steflf, Hans 
 Keagne, Jacob Griter, Jacob Highstetter, John Widwer, Andrew KoflF- 
 man, Isaac Koffman, John Broakpather, Jun', John Broakpather, Jacob 
 Broakpather, Peter Swaor, Abraham Heer, Melchior Arisman, Chris- 
 tian Hearse & Son, John Toup, Henry Berr, Michel Bowman, Hance 
 Bugholder, Hanoe Neicomer, Melchior Prenamon, George Kendrick, 
 John Natts, Jun', Michael Shank, Jun', John Natts, Sen'., Henry 
 ffunk, Benjamin Wilmer, Jacob Lundus, Hance Henry Neff, Michael 
 Miller, ffelix Londus, Jacob Kundrick, Jun', John fframe, Charley 
 Christopher, Woolrick Howry, Stofial Prenaman, Jacob Hoober, 
 Christian Stone, Isaac ffrederiok & Son, Jacob Kundrick, Jacob Lun- 
 dus, Jun'., Martyn Boyer, Hance Boyer, John Bowman, Benedictus 
 Brockbill, Christian Shank, Michael Shank, Sen', John Shank, Rudey 
 Moyer, Hance Brand, Hans Graff, Jun', Hans Graff, Sen', Peter Yorte, 
 Torey Ebys, Hans Currick Moyer, Christian Shans, Hans Weaver, 
 Woolriek Hource, Peter Laman. 
 
 Non-resident Lauds upon the River Pequea. — James Logan, 1000 
 acres | Rebecca Shaw, 300 ; Elizabeth Pace, 250 ; John Marlow, 250 ; 
 Thomas Story, 1 768 ; Abraham Dubois, 1000 ; Herman Ritzman, 1100 ; 
 
175 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Amos Strettle, 3380; Eiohard Robinson, 1000; Willinm Bradford, 
 125; Coll John ffrench, 500 /^fcremiah Langhorne, 350; John Bun- 
 dilc, 500; Coll John Evans, 1000. 
 
 Conestoga became a part of Lancaster Coijnty in 1729. 
 
 NORTH COVENTRY, SOUTH COVENTRY, AND 
 EAST COVENTRY. 
 
 The original township of Coventry doubtless received its 
 name from Samuel Nutt, an early settler, who came from 
 Coventry, in Warwickshire, England. The first list of 
 settlers in these parts is from the asses.sment of 1718, as 
 follows : 
 
 THE RATE OF THE HIGHEST DISTRICT FROM SKOOL- 
 KILL TO BRANDIWINE. 
 
 Israel Robinson 
 
 John Sinclair 
 
 John Rumford 
 
 Thomas Miller 
 
 Richard Duncley 
 
 ^Johannes Wolf Miller 
 
 *Andro Secler 
 
 *Mathias Ringer 
 
 *Merdin Verner 
 
 ■x-Rodle fTrie 
 
 Marcus OverhuH 
 
 *Jacob Stagger 
 
 John Oburne 
 
 Henry Castle 
 
 Hubert Castle 
 
 ■*Johannes Kolb 
 
 Henry Bouchells 
 
 Jacob Bouchells 
 
 Henry Parker 
 
 8. d. 
 
 6 3 
 
 2 6 
 
 2 6 
 6 3 
 
 3 9 
 2 IJ 
 2 li 
 2 H 
 
 4 4i 
 
 2 6 
 
 3 9 
 1 lOi 
 
 1 3 
 3 9 
 
 2 6 
 6 3 
 
 d. 
 
 lOi 
 
 lOi 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 8 9 
 
 Edward Smout 
 
 ^"Abraham Longeger... 
 
 John Rutter 
 
 Garret Prompter 
 
 Simon Meredith 
 
 David Evans et ] 
 James Pugh. J 
 
 William Phillips 2 6 
 
 Owen Roberts 12 6 
 
 John Blare 4 
 
 Non-nsident Lands. 
 
 James Logan, 1000».... 12 6 
 
 Jonathan Gwyn, 1000". 12 6 
 
 David Powell, 1000«... 12 6 
 
 Thos. Callowhill, 500».. 6 3 
 
 6 6 2i 
 
 In 1719, " Skoolkill District" contained the same names 
 (except Jacob Stagger), and also Philip Rogers, William 
 Biddings, Edward Thomas, Richard and John Persalls, and 
 David Roberts. 
 
 These assessments covered the northern part of the 
 county, but in 1720 an attempt was made to divide the 
 district as between Coventry and Nantmeal (see Nantmeal) ; 
 and under the head of " Inhabitants upon Schoolkill above 
 the French Creek" we find Peter Hose and others already 
 given on page 41. 
 
 In 1722 the district was called " Scoolkil," and there 
 were twenty-seven taxables. In 1724 we first find the 
 name of Coventry, and the following taxables : 
 
 Samuell Nutt, Mordeoay Lincoln, gorge Dandison, The Forge, R* 
 Dean, Israel Robinson, ffracis Huss, Henry Bel), John Sinkler, John 
 Rumford, Thomas Miller, Richard Dunklin, Wolfe Miller, John Sickler, 
 Frederick Long, Martyii Trner, John Vrner, Henry Landes, John 
 Meilin, Vbirick Langaker, Hans Swiohhser, Jacob Overholt, Peter 
 HooBey, Hans Milin, Jacob Milin, Daniell Eaohes, Marcus Overholt, 
 Jacob Steger, Johannes Coff, Henry Castle, Johannes Hapert, Henry 
 Buokholt, Jacob Bucholt, Margarett Parker, John Rutter. 
 
 The name of Miller seems to have become Millard, or 
 the first may not have been the correct spelling. Martin 
 Urner obtained a patent, July 10, 1718, for a tract on 
 Schuylkill, the most of which was sold by his executors, 
 in 1759, to Jacob Switzer, who sold it to Martin Urner, 
 nephew of the former, from whom it passed to Jonas 
 Urner, who devised the homestead, of 264 acres, to Rudolph 
 Staufier in 1811. John Rumford obtained title to 200 
 acres on the river in 1715, and sold it in 1728 to Thomas 
 Rees or Rice. Subsequent owners were Samuel Whitacre, 
 John Banfield, Philip John, Thomas Godfrey, and Thomas 
 Pratt. 
 
 ^■Crossed off in the record. 
 
 Hans George Shultz and Matthias Ringer obtained 500 
 acres, Jan. 20, 1718, which were afterwards divi<ied between 
 Matthias Ringer, Hans Wolfniiller, and Andrew Sickler. 
 Wolfmiller sold his part, 169 acres, in 1749, to John Wells 
 to whose widow, Susanna, and children a patent was granted 
 in 1761. Edmund and Samuel Wells, two of the children 
 became the owners in 1783. In 1826, Jonas Umstead 
 bought the property for $3869.78, and in 1830 it passed 
 into possession of Abraham Wanger, whose son George 
 succeeded him in 1861. Jamgs Pugh obtained a patent 
 Nov. 4, 1713, for 700 acres on French Creek, and on May 
 23, 1721, sold 300 acres thereof to Samuel Nutt, the iron- 
 master, who had built a forge on this or adjacent land. 
 
 In 1841 the township was divided into fiTorth Coventry 
 and South Coventry, and in 1844 East Coventry was formed 
 by a division of North Coventry. In the latter year the 
 line between South Coventry and East Vincent was estab- 
 lished, as it was supposed to have been originally run. 
 
 COVENTRY TAXABLES, 1753. 
 
 John Luellin, John Bonder, Martin Orner, Christian Browers, 
 Marks Overholts, Andrew Iluts, Stephen Smith, Elizabeth Engers, 
 Nicolas Keller (miller), Siimuel Overholts, John Mainshow, Michael 
 Sink, George Titlo, Jacob Bach, John Stoner, on Schuylkill, Casper En- 
 gel, Uley Rynhart, Henry Brower, Andrew Metferd, Mary Ash, Adam 
 Ash, John Mace (?), Mary Grub, Abraham Grub, Joseph Burneston, 
 John Willson, Samuel Himelry, Hugh Hugh, Peter Wanger, Lenard 
 Funkrufe, John Grub, Jacob Morrin, Charles Rilles, Joseph Postler, 
 Matthias Switzer, Benjamin Thomas, Michael Rees, Justis Linder- 
 man, George Craft, Samuel Crebill, Paul Coiser, Miohal Hulderman, 
 Jacob Grofe, Peter Imsweiler, John Stoner, John Imhoofe, Adam 
 Morria, John Owen, James Ingles, Albertes Arroin, John Paul and 
 Jacob Longinacor (non-residents), Thomas Millard, Christian Barry, 
 Jacob Thomas, Anna Nutt and Robert Grace (forge Comp.), James 
 Erbuckle, Henry Bear, John Brower, John Wells, John Swaner, John 
 Switzer, Christopher Holderman, CartroutShy, Henry Shinkell, "and 
 John his inmate," Peter Engels, Wm. Martin, Mary Richard, Jacob 
 Hok, Frederick Borten, Jacob Uptegrave, Richard Butler, James 
 Born, Jacob Kerkeiser, Peter Hingels, Patrick Ceilings, Enoch 
 Flower, Andrew Parks, Minious Riddle, George Grimm. 
 
 Freemen. — Peter Lookenbill, Richard Vorhan, Jacob Switzer, Chris- 
 topher Hick, Rynard Cunsuhouser, John Kent, Vandel Tumfilsor, 
 Henry Fisher, Stephen Bower, Daniel Pener, Henry Pener. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 James Arbuckle, Jacob Acker, John Acker, Peter Amole, Abraham 
 Brower, Jacob Brower, Henry Brower, Henry Brower, Jr., Daniel 
 Brower, Henry Banner, John Bowe, Henry Beer, Joseph Brooks, 
 Daniel Beery, Peter Crumbaker, Adam Deam, Godfrey Dowenhauer, 
 George Ditlow, John Davis, James English, Owen Evans, Conrad 
 Grim, George Grouse, Anna Grubb, Abraham Grubb, Henry Grubb, 
 John Highter, Rennard Gunsenhauser, Thomas Hockley, John High, 
 Michael Halderman, Nicholas Herwick, Stopher Halderman, John 
 Imhoff, Allan Jack, Jacob Kittingher, Jacob Keringer, Jacob Light, 
 Jacob Longaore, Justus Linderman, Mary KeiSer, Nicholas Keller, 
 Nicholas Miller, Villdy Miller, Tobias Miller, Peter Mower, Martin 
 Ornen, James Hockley & Potts, William Plaine, Christian Reiff, 
 Robert Milhouse, Simon Meredy (Meredith), Abraham Moore, Jona- 
 than Pugh, John Pugh, John Rinnard, Frederick Rinhard, Bastian 
 Ruff, John Smith, Michael Swiok, Abraham Sliver, Conrad Snither; «* 
 Frederick Soholl, John Sowder, XJlrioh Swither, John Switzer, Jacob 
 Steger, John Varley, Martin Wofe, Susanah Wells, Jacob Fetterling, 
 Jonas Rodrough, Richard Custard, Jacob Thomas, Henry Sohenkel, -'« 
 Eve Brower, Jacob Row, Jacob Livegood, Daniel Engle, Michael £ 
 Smith, David Grubb, Frederick Iluck, Rees John, Rudolph Shene- 
 man, John Holsenherger, Ludwiok Stophel, and Nicholas Munshower. 
 
 DARBY. 
 
 TAXABLES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF 1715. 
 
 John Bethell, J6be Harvey, John Haycock, Edward Philpot, Benj" 
 
 Cliff, Jolin Test, J6s» Johnson (house A lot), John Sholers, Samuel ■ 
 
" There ia not in this wide, world a liome half so sweet 
 As our home in old Kennet, wliero friends we may greet."'— Chanmek Darlington. 
 
 RESIDENCE OP C. AND H. M. DARLING-TON, KENNET. 
 
RESIDENCE AND TANNERY OF M B CHAMBERS, WEST BRADFORD. 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOEOUGHS, ETC. 
 
 173 
 
 Bradshaw, David Thomas, John Blunston, Sen', John Blunstou, Ju", 
 John Wood, Thomas Pulford, John Worth, Enoch Bonsall, Jacob 
 Bonsall, Roger Bailey, Anthony Morgan, George Wood, Miohell 
 Blunston, Samuel Sellars, John Marshall, Samu' Hood, John Thomas, 
 Joshua ffearn, Thomas Bardshaw, Samuel Garrot, Wm. Garrot, Adam 
 Roades, Thomas Lewis, Samuel Lewis, Abraham Lewis, Isaac Colier, 
 Wm. Barnet, James Whitnkers, Joseph Need, John Davis, Samuel 
 Levis, Thomas Broom, Josiah Hibbert, John Hood, John Hallawell, 
 William Smith, Thomas Hood, William Smith, Jun', Widd" Bartram, 
 Rich* Parker, Anthony Lee, Lewis Davis, Mathias Natcilus, Morton 
 Mortonson, Charles Yokeoam, Andrew Youran, Swan Boon, Hance 
 Boon, Mathias Mortonson, William Northam, John Broom, Thomas 
 Worth. 
 
 free Men. — Thomas Worth, John Parker, Will" Prest, John Wallis, 
 Thomas Philips, ffranois Youran, Thomas Edwards. 
 
 This township was one of the first settled in the county, 
 but is now a part of Delaware County. 
 
 DONEGAL. 
 TAXABLES IN ASSESSMENT OF 1724. 
 
 James Le tort, James Mitchell, George Stewart, John Galbreath, 
 Jonah Devenporte, David McClure, Alex' Hutchison, Ronald Cham- 
 bers, John Alison, John Haris, Patrick Campbell, Thomas Willkens, 
 Samuell Fulton, William Wilkens, Evin Evin, John Burt, John Gard- 
 ner, Peter Allen, James Galbreath, John Mitchell, Robert Mondy, 
 Alex' McKeen, Joseph Woork, Ritchard Alison, Robert Bowhinan, 
 James Cunnigham, Samuell Smith, James Rodey, Thomas Howard, 
 Gordon Howard, Thomas Bailie, Will™ Maybee, Will" Hay, Robert 
 Mcfarlan, Hugh White, John Taylor, Ephram Moor, Robert Midltown, 
 Hugh Mckeen, Will" Brams, James Smith, John Ear, Maloom Kar, 
 John Davison, James Kyle, And' Cornish, Wm. Grant, Stephen At- 
 kinson, Joseph Glapam, Edward Daugherty, James Patterson, John 
 Mckerty, 
 
 Non-resident Land. — Jeramayi Longhom, in bucks County; Peter 
 Bazilon, in this County. 
 
 This township was organized in 1723, from a part of 
 Conestoga, and David Jones appeared at court May 28th 
 as constable. It is now a part of Lancaster County. 
 
 DOWNINGTOWN. 
 
 Downingtown was incorporated by decree of court May 
 12, 1859, and by an election held at the Swan Hotel on 
 the 28th of that month Capt. James Lockhart was chosen 
 first burgess. The borough limits embraced 760 acres, 
 taken from the township of East Cain. 
 
 In 1702 surveys were made here in right of purchases 
 made in England, viz. : for Joseph Cloud, 225 acres ; for 
 Jeremiah CoUett, 375 acres ; for Robert Vernon, 600 acres ; 
 and for Daniel Smith, 1000 acres. The last tract was on 
 the west side of the creek, its eastern line perhaps being 
 where Downing Street is now laid. The other tracts were 
 rectangular and lay directly east of this line, that of Cloud 
 being mostly south of, while the Vernon tract extended 
 farther north than, the borough limits. Joseph Hickman 
 was perhaps the first resident owner of the Collett tract, 
 which he sold to Thomas Moore. The latter, with his 
 brother John, also purchased the Veron tract, but the whole 
 975 acres became the property of Thomas, who erected a 
 mill on the east side of Brandywine as early as 1716. The 
 Smith tract being divided by a north and south line, the 
 eastern half became the property of George Aston, and 
 subsequently, in 1739, of Roger Hunt, while the western 
 half was purchased by Thomas Lindley, who sold in 1724 
 to Thomas Parke. 
 
 Thomas Moore died about 1736,. after which the prop- 
 
 erty was purchased by John Taylor, June 25, 1738, and 
 sold by him to different persons. Thomas Downing bought 
 561 acres July 4, 1739, it being nearly all that lay north 
 of the Philadelphia road. In 1752 a number of the citi- 
 zens of this vicinity petitioned the commissioners for a 
 bridge over the Brandywine, but with what success has not 
 been discovered. In 1784 the place was generally called 
 Milltown, but sometimes Downingstown. July 4, 1876, 
 the citizens of Downingtown celebrated the centennial 
 anniversary of independence by a public meeting, at which 
 the history of the locality, prepared by Dr. John P. Edge, 
 was read as a part of the ceremonies. 
 
 EASTTOWN. 
 
 Easttown township was erected about the year 1704. 
 It is first mentioned on the court records by the appoint- 
 ment of William Thomas as its constable, on Dec. 27, 
 1704-5. It was doubtless so named on account of its 
 position. Its territory was included in the original survey 
 made for the Welsh, and was settled by them. 
 
 In the assessment of 1715 we thus find ihe 
 
 Edward Hugh 2 
 
 Ellis Hughes 2 
 
 Hugh Jones 1 
 
 Morgan Hugh , 1 
 
 Philip David 1 
 
 Dav*^ Davis and ] « n 
 
 Jn°. Harris, j 
 
 John David 1 
 
 Evan Thomas 10 
 
 Owen Hugh to 
 
 EASTTOWN RATE. 
 £ s. 
 
 Bich« Evans 
 
 Thomas Edwards 2 
 
 JVon-reeident Land. 
 
 William Sharlaw 13 
 
 John Pugh 
 
 Owen Humphery 2 
 
 10 
 
 Total . 
 
 1 11 8 
 
 In 1800 the town of Glassley was laid out on the turn- 
 pike, near what is now Berwyn (late Reeseville), by Robert 
 McClenachan. Beginning with the old Lancaster Road or 
 High Street, we find, in succession. North, Turnpike, South 
 and Pearl Streets. From the west end of the plot we 
 pass from Green to Harrison, Franklin, Washington, 
 Thompson, Wayne, and McClenachan Streets. The lots 
 were 36 feet in front, and from 70 to 160 feet in depth. 
 A large number were sold, but the owners neglected to im- 
 prove, and for a long time the grounds were unfenced. 
 
 The township is most noted as the home of the Wayne 
 family, the founder of which, Anthony Wayne, first ap- 
 pears in the assessment of 1724. 
 
 EASTTOWN TAXABLES, 1753. 
 
 Thomas McCain, Isaac Wayn, Francis Wayn, Mark Morris, Nich- 
 olas John, Peter Eliot, John McCorcle, Ann Ellis, Isaac IVlinshall, 
 John Marron, Benj" Junkin, Adam Trehorn, Thomas Hingham, John 
 Steel, Humphry Wayn, Hugh Reed, Benj" Hugh, Edward William, 
 Griffith James, Hugh Win, Jennis Davis, Humphry Ellis, Andrew 
 Mcguyer, Thomas John, David John, Patrick McCarty, Isaac Worrel, 
 Elizabeth Howell, Eliok-sander Nnokle, Tho Crass, Rich* McCaddin, 
 Isaac Hughs, Nathaniel Clapole, Charles Colling, Anthony Wayn, 
 Morris Matson. 
 
 Inmates. — Andrew Nelson, James Porter, Arthur Moore. 
 
 Freemen. — Samuel Davis, John Harthorn, Isaac Taylor, John Bor- 
 land, Robert Car, Abraham Wayn, John Hampton, Daniel Cook, 
 James Cook. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 Andrew Steel, Anthony Wayne, James Scott, Joseph Gilbert, Lewis 
 Morris, John Morris, James Morris, Whitehead Wetherby, Samuel 
 Vanleer, Thomas McKean, Robert Stephen, Robert McGoogin, David 
 Roes, William Hunter, John Steel, Frederick Lnndes, Morris Morris, 
 Benjamin Junkin, Thomas Tucker, Evan Evans, William Griffilh, 
 
174 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Philip Sheaff, Tliomas Moore, Jonathan Moore, Martha Davis, Wil- 
 liam Melchior, Henry Fox, John Llewellyn, Michael Binger, Casper 
 White, Abel Hammer, Thomas AVilliams, Peter Uble, John Butler, 
 Griffith Williams, David Morgan, Margaret Bell, Nathan Lewis, 
 Thomas Welch, Joseph Massey, Thomas Massey, Ann Ellis, Abraham 
 Davis. 
 
 JULIUS F. A. SACHSB. 
 
 The name given by Mr. Sachse to his place of sixty 
 acres is " Sachsenstein," so called after the old family-seat 
 in Germany, near Erfurt, the ruins of which still exist. 
 He erected his residence in 1872 as a summer retreat, but 
 in 1877 made it his permanent residence. His place is 
 situated in Easttown township, in the western part thereof, 
 near the Leopard, and about one and a half miles from 
 Berwyn Station on the Pennsylvania Railroad. It is lo- 
 cated in a neighborhood around which cluster rich historic 
 associations of the Revolutionary war, and is but a short 
 distance from Paoli, the scene of the British massacre of 
 Sept. 20, 1777. His residence is a most beautiful one, 
 and its surroundings tasteful and elegant, showing the 
 taste of its proprietor, who in horticulture is a master- 
 mind. He is a merchant, doing business in Philadelphia, 
 but gives much attention and time to his elegant home- 
 stead in constant improvements to its comfort and beauty. 
 His land is in two tracts, one of forty-nine acres, the 
 other of ten acres and six perches. The former was a 
 part of a five-thousand-acre tract sold by William Penji in 
 England, before he first came to America (7th month 
 13, 1681 0. S.), to James Claypoole, and to whom he 
 made a deed, 12th month 17, 1684, for ten hundred and 
 fifty acres. Claypoole's executors sold part of it to Adam 
 Roades, whose executors conveyed sixty-nine acres to 
 Anthony Wayne; his estate conveyed same to Benjamin 
 Weatherby, whose executors sold it to Andrew Steele, 
 who conveyed fifty-one acres thereof to John Evans, from 
 whom it descended to his brother, Thomas B., thence, by 
 will, to Hannah M. E. Kaufman, of whose executors 
 Mr. Sachse purchased forty-nine acres, April 1, 1875. 
 The other tract came down through Lydia Ellis, Lydia 
 Minshall, Thomas Henderson, Benjamin Weatherby, Mary 
 Norris, John Dickinson, William Smith, David Jones (the 
 famous Baptist preacher of Revolutionary memory), Horatio 
 Gates Jones, Ann W. Haley, John P. Lewis, of whose ex- 
 ecutors Mr. Sachse bought it Aug. 26, 1872. 
 
 EDGMONT. 
 TAXABLES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF 1715. 
 
 John Worrall, Joseph Baker, Philip Yarnold, John Worrilnw, 
 Bphir: Jackson, Joseph Pennell, John Broomell, David Register, 
 William Biddings, John Golding, Rebecca Powell, John Gregory, 
 Thomas Vernon, Thomas Dnwson, Joseph Baker, Simon Acres, Ed- 
 ward Thompson, Jacob Taylor, John Clues, Nathan Evans, John 
 Holdston, Caleb Thompson, William Willis, Robert Williamson, Evan 
 Howell, William Adams, Rich* Pritchard, Evan Lewis. 
 
 ffree Men. — William Clues, John Hiddings, William fflond. 
 
 Non-reeident Land. — Bostock's land, John Kingsman. 
 
 This township is now a part of Delaware County. 
 
 ELK. 
 
 This township was formed from East Nottingham in 
 
 1857, and received the name of Elk at the suggestion of 
 
 Charles Ramsey. It is bounded on the east by Big Elk 
 
 Creek, and Little Elk flows through it. Lewisville, in this 
 
 township, was named in honor of Lewis J. Jones, who was 
 the first to build there. He was buried at Sharp's grave- 
 yard. His father, Nathan Jones, lived near, in the edge of 
 Maryland. 
 
 FAGG'S MANOR. 
 
 About the year 1702 some surveys were made to the 
 west of the London tract, as Londongrove was then called, 
 for Letitia Penn and her brother William. This land, 
 however, was so far beyond the regular settlements that 
 nothing could be done towards selling it to actual settlers, 
 and so it remained for many years. There were two tracts 
 of 5000 acres each, although there is some evidence that 
 Letitia's, which lay nearest to the London tract, contained 
 at first 7175 acres. Her tract was called Fagg's Manor, in 
 honor of Sir John Fagg, and the name has been handed 
 down to the present time, being more particularly kept 
 alive by the Presbyterian church, which is situated near 
 the northwest corner of the manor. 
 
 After a time the land became exposed to the encroach- 
 ments of irresponsible squatters, who destroyed the timber 
 in order to raise a little grain, but made no great improve- 
 ments. John Taylor notes in his memorandum-book that 
 on the 3d of April, 1730, he " went and warned the Irish 
 off Fagg's Manor." James Logan, as the attorney of 
 Letitia Aubrey, appears to have had the oversight of her 
 lands, and occasionly wrote to John Taylor concerning this 
 tract. On the 16th of August, 1735, he wrote an order to 
 the latter requesting him to survey in the manor for John 
 Meas 200 acres, " more or less, as may best suit his con- 
 veniency (yet not exceeding 250), where he is now settling, 
 to be held by him on his complyance with the terms of his 
 said agreement with me, in behalf of the said Letitia." 
 
 The manor was resurveyed by warrant dated 5th of 
 April, 1737, and a patent for the same signed by Thomas 
 Penn on the 16th of May following. It was described 
 as being near Marlborough township, in the county of 
 Chester, — 
 
 Beginning at a white-oak at a corner of Wm. Penn*s Manor [now 
 the S. E. corner of W. Fallowfield] ; thence east 606 perches, part by 
 vacant land and part by land of David Kennedy, to a post; thence 
 South by vacant land 1400 perches to a marked tree, and West 606 
 perches to a white oak; thence North by vacant lands, Israel Robin- 
 son's land, an i William Penn's Manor, 1400 perches to the begin- 
 ning ; containing 5000 acres and allowance of 6 per cent, for roads 
 and highways. 
 
 There was a space nearly a mile and a quarter wide be- 
 tween this and the line of Londongrove, which at that time 
 was mostly vacant. None of the old lines remain on our 
 county map, except perhaps a part of the south line of 
 Penn township. 
 
 The land in Fagg's Manor was divided among the settlers 
 into many tracts, and the divisions numbered on a plan of 
 the whole, but, with a few exceptions, the settlers did not 
 pay for the land or get deeds for the same for several years 
 after, and in the meanwhile the improvements passed from 
 one owner to another, so that the deeds in many cases were 
 not granted to the original settlers. Letitia Aubrey, by 
 her will, dated July 20, 1744, devised her property in 
 Pennsylvania to her nephew, William Penn (son of her 
 brother William), and to his daughter, Christiana Gulielma 
 Penn, after his death. This nephew, a grandson of the 
 
EasttowD. 
 
 " SACHSENSTEIN." 
 RESIDENCE OF J. P. SACHSE, LEOPARD, PA. 
 
 ,STRAHORN, PIERSON & CO,. WHEBI..AND SPOKE FACTORY^OUGHKEWAMON. 
 
RESIDENCE OP JAMES C. ROBERTS, EAST BRANDYWIira. 
 
 JAMES C, ROBERTS' WOOLEN-MILLS, NEAR nownTTKrn'PnwKr 
 
 ^ 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 175 
 
 first proprietor, did not long survive bis aunt, but died Feb. 
 6, 1746. His daughter, in 1755, appointed William Peters 
 and Eicbard Hockley, of Philadelpbia, her attorneys, who 
 sold several tracts in Fagg's Manor in 1758 and later. 
 Thus to Hugh Luckey they conveyed 94 acres and allow- 
 ance, now in Upper Oxford, formerly laid out to Alice 
 Charlton, being lot No. 13 ; also to same 140 acres ad- 
 joining, formerly laid out to Lawrence Keliah, being lot 
 No. 14; to Thomas Charlton 182 J acres, now in Penn 
 township; to William McMuUin 175 J acres, lot No. 21, 
 and to same 118i acres, formerly laid out to David White, 
 being lot No. 29 ; also, by deed of June 15, 1759, to Job 
 Ruston, James Cochran, William Boyd, David Ramsey, 
 and John Taylor, 9 acres and 28 perches, in trust for the 
 Presbyterian congregation now known as Fagg's Manor 
 Church, reciting a purchase thereof in 1742, and the erec- 
 tion of a house of worship thereon by the Presbyterians. 
 Other purchasers were Job Ruston, Samuel Cross, William 
 Shields, James Strawbridge, John Finney, etc. 
 
 Owing to the very great irregularity in shape of the 
 surveys, and the uncertainty in regard to the township 
 lines, it would be difiBcult to give the exact locations of the 
 early settlers so as to be readily understood by the reader, 
 yet we offer the following remarks : John Maes settled on 
 Elk Creek, in the southwest corner of the manor, where 
 his land, 208 acres, lies, partly in Lower Oxford and partly 
 in Penn. The lands of the following are supposed to have 
 been wholly or mostly in Upper Oxford, viz. : Job Ruston, 
 David White, James McMuUen, John Beard, James Glan, 
 (or Glenn), Lawrence Keliah, Alice Charlton, Andrew 
 Moore, and William Pinkerton. 
 
 In Londonderry, John Criswell ; the northwest corner of 
 the manor, John Dickey, James Gilliland, Moses Thomp- 
 son ; the northeast corner, John Ramsay, David Allen, 
 William Cummings, Robert Barnet, and James Ramsay ; 
 in Penn township, John McKee, Daniel McLane, George 
 Miller, Henry Charlton, Samuel Fleming, Hugh Lucky, 
 Robert Brown, James Strawbridge, John McGrew, Mat- 
 thew Harbeson, Thomas Province, Richard Carson, John 
 Hays, William Young, William Finney, and William Gra- 
 ham, the latter being in the southeast corner of the manor. 
 Many of these names will be recognized as those of families 
 still in the .same neighborhood. 
 
 There seems to have been an intention to make a town- 
 ship of the manor, and in 1734 there was a separate assess- 
 ment made thereof, in which the following names appear: 
 
 John ffreaser, James Hall, Joh'n Kogers, James MoTeer, John Mo- 
 Murray, Samuel ffleming, Henfy Charleton, David Kennedy, Daniel 
 Hammond, Robert Callwell, David McClaskey, Robert Robson, Wil- 
 liam MoClanioan, John Croswell, John Douglass, Widow Thomson, 
 Daniel MoCIain, Thomas Province, Thomas Wetherspoon, Joseph 
 Keuegan, William Neal, William firimes, Arthur Steward. 
 
 EAST FALLOWPIELD AND WEST PALLOW- 
 yiELD. 
 
 . Fallowfield is supposed to have been named in honor of 
 Lancelot Fallowfield, of Great Strickland, in Westmoreland 
 Co., England, who was one of the first purchasers of 
 land from William Penn. John Salkeld, a noted Quaker 
 preacher, who came from that part of England, bought the 
 right of Lancelot Fallowfield, and took up land in that 
 
 township in 1714, and may have suggested the name. In 
 1718 the name appears in the assessment with only three 
 taxables, — Thomas Wooddell, George Lenard, Robert Holly. 
 After this Sadsbury and Fallowfield formed one assessment 
 until November, 1728, when the boundaries were defined 
 by order of court, viz. : northward with East Sadsbury, 
 eastward with the settled limits of Bradford, southward 
 with Marlborough to the northeast corner of Penn's Manor, 
 thence west 800 perches, and northwest to Octorara Creek, 
 thence up the same to the line of Sadsbury. The next year 
 the list of taxables was as follows : 
 
 Robert Coughran, James Coughran, Robert Moore, Robert Bunt- 
 ing, John Poston, Robert Boyl, John Boyl, Jnmes Clark, James Ar- 
 buckle, Jnmes Tavlor, Joseph Pareck (Parke), Joseph Wilson, Ann 
 Wilson, Robert MoClucr, Jacob Martin, Robert ffleming, James Scot, 
 Thomas Coole, William Wilson, David Hastings, David Hastings, Jr., 
 Thomas Woddall, Simeon Woodrow, Patrick Montgomery, William 
 Adams, Nicholas Jones, Patrick Adams, Arthur Parke, John Stringer, 
 George Milltr. 
 
 Freemen. — Archibald McNet, Sam^^ fforbes. 
 
 February, 1731-2, petitions were addressed to thfc court 
 for a division of the township by the north branch of Doe 
 Run, now called Buck Run, and the request renewed seven 
 years later, but it was not till 1743 that the matter was 
 accomplished. At the time of this division we find among 
 the inhabitants of the eastern part the names of Blclock, 
 Bentley, Dennis, Fleming, Filson, Hanna, Hayes, and 
 Mode ; and in the western part the names of Adams, Coch- 
 ran, Moore, Parke, and Wilson. A part of West Marl- 
 borough was subsequently added to East Fallowfield. 
 
 There was much difficulty about the line between West 
 Fallowfield and the townships southward, and in 1748 it 
 was run at different times and by different surveyors. 
 
 In 1841 the line between West Fallowfield and Upper 
 Oxford was run by order of court, with the view of ascer- 
 taining its exact location, which had become uncertain, and 
 as the result a considerable strip of land, embracing some 
 farms, which had theretofore been supposed to be in Upper 
 Oxford, was found to be in West Fallowfield. The line 
 between these townships is the northern line of William 
 Penn, Jr.'s, manor. 
 
 In 1853, West Fallowfield, then the largest township 
 in the county, was divided, and the eastern division called 
 Highland township, the western division, adjoining the 
 Lancaster County line, retaining the old name. Highland 
 township thus intervenes between East Fallowfield and 
 West Fallowfield, which is not the case with any other 
 townships in the county bearing the same general name. 
 
 The paper-mill of W. & A. Mode is. located in this town- 
 ship, at Modena, on the west branch of the Brandywine, 
 about two miles from Coatesville. The water-power was 
 first leased in 1742, by their great-grandfather, Alexander 
 Mode, from Henry Hayes, but was used for more than fil'ty 
 years to run saw- and fulling-mills. In 1810, William 
 Mode, son of Alexander, laid the foundation of the main 
 building of the present structure, and in 1812 his sons, 
 Alexander and William, commenced the manufacture of 
 paper. The daily product of paper then was about 250 
 pounds, made sheet by sheet, air-dried and tub sized, re- 
 quiring weeks, and sometimes months, to prepare it for 
 market. The present firm on one occasion had paper 
 
176 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 made, dried, and cut into sheets in three hours after the 
 rags were assorted. In 1839, William, the senior member 
 of the old firm, died, and in 18-tO the business was discon- 
 tinued, the rag-room being turned into a cocoonery ; but the 
 
 Mode, FranoiB MorriB, John Flemin, James Flemin, Joseph MoConr 
 aghy, Thomas MeVen, Hugh Henny, Samuel Filson, Theophilus 
 Bleak, James Blelock, Andrew Seott, David Beleiff, Duncan MoCal- 
 ister, Thomas Heslip, Jeffry Bently, William Crow, Nenion Youog, 
 James McKim, Robert Greir, Daniel McPeik. 
 
 WILLIAM AND ALEXANDER MODES MILL. 
 
 explosion of the multicaulis bubble made this a short-lived 
 experiment. In 1850, William and Alexander Mode, sons 
 of William, remodeled the old building, added a large wing 
 for the introduction of improved machinery, and have con- 
 tinued the business to the present time, increasing the daily 
 product of the mill to 2500 pounds. To do this, however, 
 necessitated the addition of steam to the motive power. 
 
 On Buck Run, in the same township, are six or seven 
 other paper-mills, one of which, known as Rokeby Papcr- 
 
 ROKEBY PAPER-MILLS. 
 
 Mill, is said to be on the site of the first rolling-mill in this 
 country. This mill was built by the present proprietor, J. 
 B. Broomell, who established the paper manufacture at this 
 place in 1866. The product consists of hardware-paper, 
 manilla and heavy wrappers, and binders' boards. 
 
 EAST'FALLOWFIELD TAXABLES, 1763. 
 
 Alexander Matthews, Price Travello, John Montgomery, David 
 
 Powell, William Mackey, William Hannah, Francis Boggs, Joseph 
 
 Hays, Robert Carson, Will Filson, Davison Filson, George Bently, 
 
 Thomas Dines, John Weith, John Bently, James Hays, Rebeckah 
 
 Inmates. — James Marshall, Adam Clark, Joseph Wilson, J^ames 
 Mathis, .Tobn Laghlan, Francis Gahie, Thomas Brown, John Stuart, 
 Andrew McCaslin, Charles Bradly, John Shully, Joseph Davis, James 
 Charlors, John Mackey, Robert Smith, constable. 
 
 Freemen. — Samuel MeNeir, Tally Rogers, James Burcb, Samuel 
 Davis, Benjamin Wales, James Harron, Will Ferson, Matthew Moor- 
 head, William Jones, James Poleek, William Stuart, George Ritch- 
 ment, Thomas Swan, John Gibbins. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774 
 Jarman Davis, David Bailey, Andrew Scott, Patrick Caison, James 
 Blelock, William Freeman, Philip Dougherty, Thomas Scott, Thomaa 
 Ilaslip, Robert Young, Jeffrey Bently, John Bently, An- 
 drew Oliphant, William Mode, Mary Hayse, William 
 Grant, Robert Allen, Samuel Armstrong, John Elliott, 
 William MoFarson (McPherson?), William Peoples, John 
 Patterson, Hugh Stewart, Davidson Filson, John Worth, 
 John Hanna, John Wiley, William Wiley, William Mar- 
 cey, Joseph Arthurs, Joseph Powel, John Powel, Abra- 
 ham Wolfington, Jonathan Chnlfant, John McFnrson, 
 Nesbet Loekart, Williiim Harlan, Isaac Pyle, Jacob 
 Chandler, Garrett Gevode, John Passmore, John Filson, 
 Samuel Thornton, Cbarles Carroll, Esq., James Campbell, 
 William Parkhill, John Boyd. 
 
 WEST FALLOWFIELD TAXAIJLES, 1753. 
 
 Alexander Crothers, Andrew Gibson, Alexander Gib- 
 son, Abram Johnston, Alexander Tassy, Andrew Keed, 
 Andrew Kirkpatribk, Alexander Willson, Daniel Karr, 
 David Cochran, David Brooks, Daniel Morrison, Daniel 
 JIarkin, David Leggate, David Maxwell, David Hasting, 
 David Wills, Ezekiel Moor, Gaion Heathrinton, Henry 
 Ileathrinton, Henry O'Canning, John Heathrinton, James 
 Cochran, James McCormiok, Joseph Stringer, Joseph 
 Adams, Isaac Woodroe, James Smith, John Poston, John Park, 
 Joseph Park, John McGloughlin, John Crothers, John Bell, John 
 Mortimore, John Weldon, John Jones, James Dourough, John Dunn, 
 James McCollough, John Love, John Watson, James Glendening, 
 John McDowell, Joseph Adair, James Allison, James Kyterrn, Mat- 
 thew Shields, Nathan Cherry, Philip Offaran, Philip Trainer, Robert 
 Hamble, Richard Kennedy, Robert Boyle, Robert Young, Rob«'' 
 Cowden, Robert Burns, Robert Steell, Richard Lee, Simeon Woodroe, 
 Stephen Cochran, Thomas Gibson, Thomas AVillson, Thomas Officer, 
 Thomas Berrett, William Noble, Will. Kayle, Will. Stringer, Wilt 
 Adam=, Will. Adams, Will. Bunion, Will. Rankin, Will. Boggs, Will. 
 AVilson, John Adams j constable, James Crothers. 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 177 
 
 Freemen. — James Palkiner, John Kirkpatriek, James Huston, 
 George Coapland, Daniel Thompson, Arthur Graham, James Johnson. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 Joseph Adams, William Adams, Robert Burns, John Bell, William 
 Banting, Robert Bell, Widow Bold, William Boggs, Patterson Bell, 
 David Brooks, George Cowpland, Nathan Coohrun, James Cochran, 
 Robert Coohran, Stephen Coohran, George Cochran, John Caruthers, 
 Robert Cowdon, John Danold, James Dunn, Samuel Futhey, Hugh 
 Fearon, Archibald Guy, James Glendening, Adam Glendening, George 
 Gibson, Alexander Gibson, Andrew Gibson, James Hannum, William 
 Haslett, Nathan Hayes, Ebenezer Harper, Robert Hamill, Richard 
 Irwin, John Irwin, Thomas Irwin, John Kirkpatriok, Andrew Kirk- 
 patriek, Joseph Kirkpatriek, William Keos, Thomas Love, James 
 Langhead, James Logan, David Ligget, James Ligget, George Mc- 
 Guire, James McCausland, Thomas MoClure, Patrick McLaughlin, 
 James MoCormiok, William Mcllhaney, Andrew Moore, Robert Noble, 
 Thomas Officer, Ellis Pusey, Israel Pemberton, Arthur Park, John 
 Park, Andrew Reed, Francis Ruth, James Rankin, William Reed, 
 James Smith, John Smith, James Scott, William Stringer, James 
 Smith, Jr., George Sloan, Joseph Stringer, William Stringer, Jr., John 
 Taylor, William Townsend, John Truman, William Vogan, Samuel 
 Wilson, Joseph Wilson, Thomas Wallace, Sarah Weldon. 
 
 FRANKLIN. 
 This was formed ia 1852, from the southeast part of New 
 Loudon township.* 
 
 EAST GOSHEN AND WEST GOSHEN. 
 
 Goshen was included in the original survey for the 
 Welsh, but many surveys were made there for other pur- 
 chasers, owing to delay on the part of the Welsh to settle 
 the land. It seems to have been organized as a township 
 in 1704, as Cadwalader Ellis appeared at court as constable 
 for the township in that year, previous to which it was con- 
 sidered a part of Westtown. 
 
 The first assessment list preserved is that of 1715, which 
 contains the following taxables : 
 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 8. 
 
 d. 
 
 Ellis, David 
 
 ... 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 David Bailey 
 
 . 
 
 2 
 
 U 
 
 Johnffinsher 
 
 ... 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cadwallad' Ellis 
 
 ... n 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 ffree Men. 
 
 
 
 
 Ellis Williams 
 
 George Ashbridge 
 
 ... 
 ... 
 
 1 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 Benony Griffith 
 
 . 
 
 n 
 
 4 
 + 
 
 
 
 1) 
 
 Mordecai Bean 
 
 ... 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 Thomas Paschall 
 
 ... 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 Non-resident Land. 
 
 
 
 Joseph Woodward.... 
 
 ... 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 Isaac Heans 
 
 ... n 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Edward Jones 
 
 . u 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 Alexander Bean 
 
 ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 Griffith Owen 
 
 Thomas Jones 
 
 . 
 . 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 Robert Eachis 
 
 ... 
 
 1 
 
 John Heans 
 
 ... 
 
 2 
 
 fi 
 
 Robert Jones 
 
 . 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 John Wall 
 
 ... 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 
 . 2 
 
 18 
 
 — 
 
 Total 
 
 
 & 
 
 The southwest part of Goshen was mostly taken up in 
 right of Thomas Lloyd, whose executors sold two tracts of 
 797 and 850 acres to William Crouch, of London, in 1706. 
 They also sold, 5, 21, 1702, to John Haines, of New Jersey, 
 965 acres, which now includes that part of the borough of 
 West Chester lying south of Gay Street. This continued 
 in the Haines and Matlack families many years. North 
 of this, and west of High Street, a tract of 630 acres was 
 patented to Nathaniel Puckle, and afterwards passed into the 
 Hoopes family. East of High Street lay about 1100 acres 
 of Richard Thomas, who lived in Whiteland. He sold 
 the same by divisions running from north to south, begin- 
 ning at the west side, — to Edward Jones (?), 200 acres ; 
 Robert Eachus, 200 ; Joseph Collins, 125 ; Thomas Evans, 
 175 ; Mordecai Bane, 200 ; Alexander Bane, 200 acres. 
 
 John ap Thomas, of Llaithgwm, Commott of Pennllyn, 
 
 * See New London. 
 
 in the county of Merioneth, and Edward Jones, of Bala, 
 in the said county, chirurgeon, purchased from William 
 Penn, by lease and release of Sept. 16 and 17, 1681, 5000 
 acres in Pennsylvania. They, however, were simply agents 
 or trustees for themselves and others, as shown by the fol- 
 lowing paper :j" 
 
 " An account of w' sum of money every ffriend in Penllyn hath 
 Layd out to buy land in Pensilvania <fc w' quantity of Acres of Land 
 each is to have and w' sum of Quit Rent falls upon every one. 
 
 pounds. Acres. Quit-Rents. 
 
 "JohnTho 26 1260 128. 6rf. 
 
 Hugh Rob' 12 10 625 6 3 
 
 Edd Jones 6 5 3l2i 3 li 
 
 Rob'. David 6 5 312i 3 14 
 
 Evan Rees 6 5 312i 3 li 
 
 John Edi 6 5 312i 3 H 
 
 Ed'>. Owen 6 5 3I2J 3 li 
 
 .Will. Bdi 3 2 6 15fii 1 <i\ 
 
 Edi. Rees 3 2 6 156i 1 6i 
 
 Will. Jones 3 2 6 166i 1 6J 
 
 Tho. Rich 3 2 ]56i 1 6i 
 
 Rees John W" 3 2 6 156.t 1 6i 
 
 Tho. Lloyd 3 2 6 156i 1 6i 
 
 Cadd' Morgan 3 2 6 156i 1 fij 
 
 JohnWatkin 3 2 6 156i 1 6^ 
 
 Hugh John 3 2 6 156J 1 6J 
 
 Gainor Rob' 3 2 6 166i ] 6J 
 
 100 5000 2 10" 
 
 John Thomas and Edward Jones executed deeds to the 
 other purchasers before coming to this country. On 
 Holme's map of the early surveys a tract on Schuylkill 
 (in Merion) is set down for Edward Jones and company, 
 "being 17 families." This did not include their whole 
 purchase of 5000 acres, for one-half of each person's share 
 was located in Goshen by direction of a warrant for sub- 
 dividing the Welsh tract. John Thomas died in Wales, 
 3, 3, 1683, but his children, who arrived in Pennsylvania 
 in November of that year, and who bore the name of Jones, 
 took up half his purchase in Goshen. Edward Jones, 
 Edward llees, William ap Edward, and others arrived 
 Aug. 13, 1682. Cadwalader Morgan and Hugh John sold 
 their shares in Goshen to John Roberts, who married 
 Gainor Roberts, another purchaser, and by this means came 
 into possession of 262 acres in Goshen. His only son, 
 Robert Roberts, sold 230 acres of this to Thomas Goodwin 
 in 1749. The Goodwin homestead is still in the family, 
 having descended to Mary Goodwin, now wife of Samuel 
 R. Downing. An addition was built to the house in 1803, 
 on which are the initials G. R. & L., for Richard and Lydia 
 Goodwin. The present residence of S. R. Downing and 
 wife is on another part of the original tract, which for a 
 time was out of the family. 
 
 East of the Richard Thomas tract was one of 346 acres, 
 in the name of Evan Jones and company, and beyond this 
 was Ellis David's Iraot of nearly equal size; then came 
 Thomas Jones and company (children of John Thomas) 
 with 635 acres. 
 
 Robert Williams is claimed to have been the first settler 
 in the township, but others followed soon after. The Ash- 
 bridge family was one of the earliest and most prominent. 
 
 Feb. 29, 1731-2, the inhabitants of Goshen petitioned 
 the court, representing, — 
 
 "That the northern Boundaries of the s^ Township are not fully de- 
 termined but Remain very Uncertain, by means whereof your Peti- 
 tioners are in great Danger of being Infested with Profligate persons 
 
 f James J. Levick, M.D., in Pennsylvania Magazine, Iv. 313. 
 
 23 
 
178 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 who flee hither from the neighbouring Provinces; Wherefore your Pe- 
 titioners most humbly pray that you will be pleased to fix the Limits 
 of the s* Township, according as they are in a draught which your 
 Petitioners beg leave to present, set forth and Described, And your 
 Fetilioners as in duty bound shall pray, &o. 
 
 " Stephen Beakes. Daniel Hoopes. 
 
 Thomas ]<lvans. David Davies. 
 
 John Eoohus. George Ashbridge, Junr. 
 
 Mordecai Baine, Juner. Ellis Williams. 
 
 Isaac Varnon. John Wall. 
 
 John Bakar. Alexander Bane. 
 
 John Collins. Joseph Collins. 
 
 William Trego. John Haines. 
 
 Mordecai James. Isaac Haines. 
 
 Richard Parks. Mordecai Bane. 
 
 John Culbortson. John Burros. 
 
 llieli'i Jones. Jos* .Matlaok. 
 
 Joseph Garratt. James Kushton. 
 
 John Ashbridge. Thomas Price. 
 
 William Beaumont. Daniel Hopes, Junr. 
 
 James Serrill. George Ashbridge." 
 
 At the same time another petition was presented by set- 
 tlers on the borders of Goshen and Whiteland, complaining 
 that there was now a disposition to thrust them out of both 
 townships, and asking for a settlement of the line. These 
 persons were William Atherton, George Bostock, Jonas 
 Otley, John Ingrom, William Taylor, Thomas Atherton, 
 Henry Olless, Evan Jones, Edward Pugh, George Morgan, 
 George Garrett, John Williams, and John Holland. 
 
 The township was reduced by the erection of the borough 
 of West Chester in 1788. In 1817 it was divided into 
 East and West Goshen. 
 
 GOSHEN TAXABLES, 1753. 
 
 George Ashbridge, Aaron Ashbridge, David Davis, Hannah Ash- 
 bridge, Thomas Goodwin, Ann Huston, Isaac Vernon, Thomas Spike- 
 man, John Chapman, John Howell, Isaac Haines, Junr, Isaac Haines, 
 William Been, Thomas Evens, William Johnson, John Wall, John 
 Hoopes, Daniel Hoopes, Nathan Sharpies, Joseph Collins, Joseph Mat- 
 laok, Isaiah Matlack, Nathan Matlaok, John Eachus, William Trego, 
 Joseph Bay, John Crawford, James Batten, Joseph Boggs, Stephen 
 Beaks, George Smith, Jonathan Davis, Amos Davis, David Buchanan, 
 John Brown, Ellis Haines, Joshua Thomson, Isaac Williams, Matbins 
 Leamy, George Bostock, Roger Cain, James Otley, Henry Caudery, 
 John Beaumont, Will. Davis, Henry Thomson, Sam' Wain, Adam 
 Cypher, Joseph Garratt, David Haines, James Walters, Charles Gor- 
 don, Joseph Wall, Thomas Recs (?), Ellis Davis, Caleb Garrett, Daniel 
 Bane, Jonathan Millison, Charles Howell, Bartholomew Tims, Richard 
 Jones, Rees Jones, Caleb Way, William Rattue, Nathaniel Moore, 
 David Dunwoody, Thomas Garratt, Philip McGowen, Gasper Gresencr, 
 Samuel Oakes, Francis Mechom, Joseph Bene, Samuel Phips, Ellis 
 William, Robert William, Tho". Lewis, Richard Dilworth, Margaret 
 Starr, James Gilbreatfa, Thomas Hoops, James Pierce. 
 
 Freemen. — John Townsend, Lawrence Townsend, Barnitt Swiger, 
 Tho'. Taylor, Benjamin Lane, William Vough, Thomas Parvin, Rob- 
 ert MoGloughlin, John Fleming, Hana Yurgle, James Bryan, John 
 Hall, Martin Shuler, John Miohem, John Skelton, Patrick MoMulIin, 
 William Dykes, Nath' Twyniy. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 George Ashbridge, Aaron Ashbridge, Joshua Ashbridge, William 
 Bane, Joseph Beaumont, Alexander Boggs, John Bowen, John Chap- 
 man, Jesse Canby, Stephen Cimes, Amos Davis, Thomas Darlington, 
 John Darlington, Lawrence Cox, Lydia Davis, Jonathan Eldridgc 
 Enoch Eacus (Eachus), Wm. Eacus, jr., James Garrett, Jona'n Gar- 
 rett, Joseph Garrett, William Garrett, Thomas Goodwin, Christopher 
 Good, William Qalbreath, Thomas Hoops, John Hoops, Samuel Hoops 
 Benjamin Hoops, Thomas Hoops, jr., Isaac Haines, John Harley, 
 James Hemphill, George Hoops, Aaron Hoops, Edward Hicks, Jarvis 
 Hall, Joseph Hunt. James Hickey, Jacob James, William Jones 
 Joseph Johncon, William Johnson, Thomas Lewis, Thomas Malin 
 junior, Nathaniel Moore, Isaiah Matlack, Jonathan Matlack, Amos 
 
 Mallack, Jona. Milleson, Isaac Macy, John Mechem, Samuel Oliver, 
 Thomas Oakes, William Peters, George Pierce, William Patterson, 
 Samuel Phipps, Abr'm Pratt, Charles Ryan, William Rettew, Joseph 
 Randies, Joseph Ray, Thomas Rees, William Sharpies, Thomas Seo- 
 fleld, Thomas Speakman, George Smith, John Smith, Benja'm Trego, 
 Joshua Thompson, Thomas Williamson, Samuel Wain, Isaac Williams. 
 
 HAVEEPORD. 
 
 TAXABLES IN ASSESSMENT OF 171.'). 
 
 Rioh^ Hayes, Henry Lewis, Samuel Lewis, John Haverd, Daniel 
 Humphery, David Lcwellin, Rowland Powell, Henry Lawrence, 
 Thomas Lawrence, Humphery Ellis, Samuel Reece, Martha Hughs, 
 Gaynor Musgrove, Hugh David, Robert Warton, Lidia Ellis, Owen 
 Thomas, John Parry, Mirick Davies, Daniel Lawrence, David Lewis. 
 
 ffree Men. — Jacob Jones, Evan David. 
 
 This township became a part of Delaware County in 1789. 
 
 HIGHLAND. 
 Organized in 1853 by division of West Fallowfield 
 township. Among the inhabitants of what is now High- 
 land township in the last century were the families of 
 Adams, Boggs, Boyd, Cochran, Cowpland, Futhey, Gibson, 
 Glendenning, Hamill, Haslett, Parke, and Wilson. 
 
 HILLTOWN. 
 This name was applied to territory north and west of 
 Londongrove about 1703, and must have been pretty ex- 
 tensive as it was estimated to contain over 41,000 acres of 
 land. 
 
 HONEYBKOOK. 
 
 This was formed in 1789, from the western p^rt of West 
 Nantmoal township, the name "Nantmeal," or "Nantmel," 
 signifying "sweet stream,'' or "honey brook." The latter 
 name is found prior to this date, and it appears that about 
 1 734 an attempt was made to erect a township called Honey- 
 brook. (See Nantmeal.) 
 
 In 1718 to 1720 surveys were made at the head of the 
 western branch of Brandywine for Jeremy Peirsol, 350 
 acres; James Gibbons, 1200 ; John Adams, 500 ; William 
 Cloud, 350 ; Henry Batterton, 300 ; William Buffingtou, 
 500; William Baldwin, 300; Thomas Baldwin, 125; Rich- 
 ard Parker, 250 ; William Dean, Jeremiah Dean, and Mat- 
 thew Wilson, each 200 ; and Edward Harris, 400 acres. 
 
 The Indians complained that James Gibbons' survey in- 
 cluded their town, but it probably remained uncultivated a 
 long time. Col. William Gibbons, a grandson, resided 
 thereon for some time prior to the Revolution. Our ven- 
 erable friend, Alexander Marshall, gives the following ac- 
 count of the origin of the town of Waynesburg, now 
 Honeybrook : 
 
 " About the year 1815 the ground on which the village of Waynes- 
 burg, in Honeybrook township, now stands was an old field or com- 
 mon that had not been fenced in since the making of the Horseshoe 
 turnpike, on the north side of that road. On the south side of the 
 turnpike was a tavern, called the ' General Wayne,' with a square, old- 
 fashioned sign hung to the breeze, on which was painted what pur- 
 ported to be a likeness of the general on horseback, dressed in Rev- 
 olutionary equipments, boots, and spurs, mounted on a chestnut- 
 sorrel prancing steed. This tavern-house stood on the left corner of 
 a road that intersected with the turnpike leading to the Mariner's 
 Compass, now called Compassville. On the right side of this road 
 stood a stone storehouse, kept by David Haokett, a single man, who 
 boarded at the tavern. The tavern was kept by Jonathan Jones, 
 who while living there represented, in part, Chester County in the 
 Lower House of the State Legislature, and afterwards was sheriff of 
 Chester County. Besides these two buildings, there was a small two- 
 
jiiiikiiiiiiijiLiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniyiiJiijjiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiibiiiyiiiiiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii..iiii 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND B0K0UGH8, ETC. 
 
 179 
 
 story stone house on the north side of the turnpike, about one hun- 
 dred yards farther west. There was a school-house that stood lower 
 down the turnpike, on the south side, near where the railroad now 
 crosses said piUe, and was called the 'General Wayne School- house.' 
 This was about the position of things at the date above named. 
 
 "There was an Irish "■schoolmaster by the name of Stinson, who 
 had saved some money by teaching in the neighborhood for some 
 years. He bought this old field by way of speculation, got it sur- 
 veyed into town-lots, and made a lottery,— lotteries were then fashion- 
 able and not unlawful. He sold the tickets mostly on credit, as al- 
 most everybody could buy on credit at that date. The lottery was 
 drawn, and those who drew lots fronting on the turnpike promptly 
 paid for their tickets and received titles. Those who drew back lots 
 were not so prompt, and many of them remained on Mr. Stinson's 
 hands. In a short time some of the owners of front lots began to 
 build. This encouraged others, and then the hack lots became more 
 valuable. There was one drawback very discouraging, the want of 
 water. The situation is on an elevated ridge dividing the head- 
 waters of the East and West Brandywine Creeks. Wells had to be 
 put down at considerable expense, which retarded improvement for 
 some time, but even this has been overcome by enterprise." 
 
 HOPEWELL BOROUGH. 
 Incorporated May 2, 1853, the territory being taken 
 from the townships of Lower Oxford and East Nottingham. 
 
 KEN NET. 
 
 Kennet is first mentioned on the court records in Feb- 
 ruary, 1705, when Henry Peircc appeared in court as 
 constable for that township. In 1706 he was appointed 
 supervisor of the highways, and Ezekiel Harlan succeeded 
 him as constable. This township originally included all of 
 Pennsbury and a part of Pocopson. The name of the 
 .township, Kennet, it is thought, was suggested by Francis 
 Smith, who in 1686 had taken up 200 acres of land at 
 the mouth of Pocopson Creek, within the original limits of 
 the township. Francis Smith had come from Devizes, in 
 Wiltshire, England, in which county there is a village 
 ^ called Kennet.* 
 
 We have seen a certified draft of Francis Smith's land, 
 made by Isaac Taylor in March, 1711, probably after the 
 owner's decease, on which the house and an orchard are 
 located near and on the south side of Pocaupsing Creek, 
 just below the first small branch on that side. The sur- 
 veyor made a note that the land was surveyed in 1686, in 
 right of Smith's original purchase of 500 acres, and that 
 there was also surveyed to him at that time 300 acres 
 more, at a rent of one penny per acre per annum. 
 
 At the time of the general resurvey of all lands taken 
 up in the province, Isaac Taylor returned the following 
 account of land resurveyed by him in Kennet, 1703, which 
 would indicate but little progress as to settlements : Francis 
 Smith, 440 acres ; Henry Peirce, 190 ; Kobert Way, 425 ; 
 Thomas Hope, 310; George Harlan, Israel Helm, and the 
 Chandlers, 850 ; total, 2215 acres. A few years after this 
 he estimated the number of acres in the township at 12,100, 
 besides 2000 in Letitia's Manor not surveyed. 
 
 In addition to the above resurveys, Isaac Taylor made 
 new surveys for the following persons : Peter Dicks, 554 
 acres, John Hope, 200, and George Harlan, 500, in 1702 ; 
 Isaac Few, 600, and William Huntley, 200, in 1703; all 
 near the Brandywine. 
 
 » The name is generally spelled with two " t's," but the original 
 spelling on the old court records was with one " t," and it is spelled 
 in England in the same way, both on early and modern maps. 
 
 It was doubtless the desire to secure to his family some 
 property in the event of his own death that induced Wil- 
 liam Penn to convey to Sir John Fagg, of Sussex, England, 
 50,000 acres of land in Pennsylvania in trust for the 
 benefit of his wife, Gulielma Maria Penn, and her chil- 
 dren. This Sir John Fagg may have been a distant rela- 
 tive, for it appears that Gulielma's maternal grandmother 
 was Anne Fagg. This conveyance was, by the then cus- 
 tomary form of lease and' release, dated 4th and 5th of 
 September, 1682, as recited in later conveyances; and if 
 this date is correct, it must have been executed by Penn 
 on board the " Welcome," during his first passage to Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 The land remained unlocated until the proprietary's sec- 
 ond visit to the province, and in the mean time Gulielma 
 was deceased, as were all of her children except two, Wil- 
 liam and Letitia. A warrant dated 17th of 12th month, 
 1699, was signed and directed to Henry Hollingsworth, 
 requiring him to lay out some land for these children, and 
 on the 25th of 2d month, 1700, he executed it by survey- 
 ing a tract containing 30,000 acres. This survey included 
 all of the present township of New Garden and the greater 
 part of Kennet, with several thousand acres in New Castle 
 County. 
 
 The large survey was divided, and the eastern part con- 
 firmed to Letitia Penn by a patent dated 23d of October, 
 1701, under the following description : 
 
 "Whereas, there is a certain tract of land situate on the south side 
 of Brandywine creek, in the province of Pennsylvania: Beginning 
 at a bounded hickory tree standing by a branch of Red Clay Creek, 
 called Burrow's run, being a corner tree of William Dickson's land, 
 thence by a line of marked trees south and by west over Bed Clay 
 Creek at the fork thereof, twelve hundred and eleven perches to 
 bounded black oak standing in a line of George Beed's landj thence 
 by the said line west forty-two perches to a bounded black oak, being 
 a corner of the said George's land; thence south south west, half 
 westerly, thirty-six perches to a bounded hickory, being a corner of 
 William Guest's land ; thence by ye said Guest's line west 112 perches 
 to a bounded white oak being a corner of Brian McDonald's landj 
 thence north fifty perches to a bounded poplar; thence west fifty-eight 
 perches to a black oak j thenpe north west eighty-four perches to a 
 bounded chestnut tree; thence south four degrees westerly one hun- 
 dred and ten perches to a bounded black oak; thence west one hun- 
 dred forty-four perches to a bounded black oak, being a corner of the 
 aforesaid William Guest's land; thence by a line crossing mill creek, 
 west south west to a bounded tree standing near Peck creek, six hun- 
 dred and seventy perches; thence north by a line dividing it from a 
 large tract laid out for the use of my son William Penn, two thousand 
 three hundred and fourteen perches to a bounded tree; thence east 
 six hundred and thirty-five perches to a bounded white oak ; thence 
 south six hundred thirty-eight perches to a bounded white oak ; thence 
 east north cast two hundred and forty perches to a bounded red oak; 
 thence north east four hundred and twenty perches to a corner post 
 of George and Michael Harlan's land; thence by the line of their said 
 land east north east four hundred twenty-seven perches to a bounded 
 black oak ; thence south one fourth westerly nine hundred perches to 
 a bounded black oak ; thence west north west two hundred sixty-eight 
 perches to the place of beginning : containing fifteen thousand five 
 hundred acres of land; being one moiety (allowance being first made 
 for lands within the same already taken up) of a tract of thirty thou- 
 sand acres of land granted, by virtue of my warrant bearing date the 
 seventeenth of the twelfth month, one thousand six hundred and 
 ninety-nine, to my children William and Letitia Penn, in right and 
 as part of fifty thousand acres by me originally granted to their 
 mother Gulielma Maria Penn, to hold to her and her heirs forever: 
 which said thirty thousand acres being by my order divided, the afore 
 described moiety by my will and disposition becomes the lott and 
 share of my said daughter Letitia, who requesting mee to confirm the 
 
180 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 same to her by patent, Know Yee that as well in a due regard to the 
 memory of my dearly beloved wife, her mother deceased, as for the 
 fatherly love and natural aflfeotion I bear to her my said daughter, 
 Letitia Penn, I have given, granted and confirmed, and do by these 
 presents for mee, my heirs, and successors fully, freely, and abso- 
 lutely, give, grant, release, and confirm, to the said Letitia Penn, her 
 heirs and assigns forever, all that the said described tract of fifteen 
 thousand five hundred acres of land, as the same is now set forth, 
 bounded and limited as aforesaid ; together with all mines, minerals, 
 quarrys, meadows, swamps, cripples, woods, timber and trees, ways, 
 waters, watercourses, liberties, profits, commodities, and appurte- 
 nances, whatsoever to the fifteen thousand five hundred acres of land, 
 or to any part or parcel thereof, belonging or in anywise appertain- 
 ing; together with all rents, issues, profits, commodities and advan- 
 tages whatsoever, fi-om any part or parcel of the said land heretofore 
 to mce my heirs or successors reserved, arising or in anywiee accru- 
 ing; as also all full and free liberty to and for the said Letitia Penn, 
 her heirs and assigns, to hawk, hunt, fish and fowl, in and upon ye 
 premises hereby granted, or upon any part thereof; reserving always 
 to all persons the fee of all or any parcel of land which has at any 
 lime been granted or confirmed to them by patent from myself or my 
 commissioners of property. 
 
 " To have Hold, Possess, and Enjoy the said described tract of fif- 
 teen thousand five hundred acres of land, with the appurtenances and 
 all other the premises, to the said Letitia Penn her heirs and assigns 
 forever, to the only proper use and behoof of the said Letitia Penn, 
 her heirs and assigns. To be holden of mee, my heirs and successors, 
 proprietors of Pennsylvania, as of our manor of Kocklands in the 
 said province, in free and common soccage, by fealty only for all ser- 
 vices. Yielding A; Paying therefor to mee, my heirs and successors, 
 a Bever skinn, to be delivered at Philadelphia at or upon the first 
 day of the first month in every year, to such person or persons as 
 shall be appointed to receive the same, and also, three full and clear 
 fifth parts of all Royall mines, which shall from time to time happen 
 to be found within the limits of the premises hereby granted, free 
 from all deductions and reprisals for digging and refining the same. 
 And out of my own further pleasure, free will, certain knowledge, 
 and meer motion, I have thought fitt to erect the herein before 
 granted tract of land into a manor by the name of the manor of Stan- 
 sing, and so will have it called from henceforth. To have and to 
 hold a Court Baron, with all things whatsoever to a Court Baron be- 
 longing, and to have and to hold view of firanck pledge for the con- 
 servation of the peace and the better Government of ye tenants hold- 
 ing or hereafter to hold of the said manner, and all other persons that 
 shall dwell within the limits thereof, by the said Letitia and her 
 .heirs, or by her or their stewards; and in the same to use all things 
 that to ye view of ffrank pledge do belong. In witness whereof I 
 have caused these letters to be made patents." 
 
 This was signed at Philadelphia by William Penn. 
 
 This description appears to include all of the township 
 of Kennet, except that part lying east and north of the fol- 
 lowing lines, viz. : the road leading south from Chandler 
 Darlington's to the creek, thence a little north of east to 
 the cross-roads, and by the road leading towards Chads' Ford 
 to its intersection with the eastern line of the township. 
 Nearly one-half of the manor was in New Castle County. 
 The name, incorrectly spelled in the patent, was generally 
 written " Stening," though sometimes Staning, Steyning, 
 or Staining. It was also called simply Letitia's Manor. 
 That district which first received the name of Kennet is 
 now Pennsbury, but it was not long before the manor was 
 also included under that name. Letitia Penn had accom- 
 panied her father to this country on his second visit, and 
 returned with him again to England. They sailed on the 
 3d of November, 1701, she having three days before signed 
 a power of attorney authorizing James Logan and Edward 
 Penington to have the management of her property here. 
 The latter died soon after, leaving James Logan as her sole 
 attorney for some time. She having married William 
 
 Aubrey, a London merchant, they executed another power 
 of attorney, dated 24th of December, 1711, to Samuel 
 Carpenter and James Logan, who sold land in the Inanor 
 to several persons. 
 
 In 1702, Gayen Miller purchased 200 acres in the manor, 
 on the east branch of Red Clay Creek, including the eastern 
 part of the present borough of Kennet Square. Between 
 his land and the New Garden line a tract of 438 acres was 
 purchased by Mary Rowland, of New Garden, in 1712. 
 This included much of the beautiful valley-land thereabouts. 
 In 1713 several persons purchased land in the manor, viz. : 
 William Pyle, 280 acres next south of Mary Rowland; 
 Alexander Stewart, 350 between Gayen Miller and the said 
 manor line on the east; Silas Pryor, 371 next south of 
 Stewart's ; Caleb Prew, 200 acres ; John Gregg, 400 ; 
 John Cloud, 335 on the circular line ; Ellis Lewis, 293, in 
 1715, at the forks of the east branch of the creek, and 110 
 acres more adjoining in 1726 ; Jacob Bennett, 215 in 
 1717 ; Benjamin Fred, 200 acres, in 1716, where the Gap 
 and Newport pike crosses the line ; John Packer, 200 in 
 1720 ; Robert Roberts, 170 in 1723, and 69 adjoining in 
 1725; William Levis, 100 in 1730, etc. John Taylor, 
 the surveyor, or his father, Isaac, surveyed lands in the 
 manor for many persons in 1724 and 1725, amounting, in 
 the whole, to over 6300 acres, but much of this may have- 
 been in New Castle County. Many of the purchasers were 
 doubtless seated on the land for some time before they ob^ 
 tained titles for the same. 
 
 KENNET KATE, 1715. 
 
 Gayen Miller 
 
 ... 
 
 8 
 
 Michael Harlin 
 
 ... 
 
 .•j 
 
 Robert Way 
 
 ... 
 
 6 
 
 Ezekiel Harlin 
 
 ... n 
 
 12 
 
 Aaron Harlin 
 
 ... 
 
 5 
 
 John Hopes 
 
 ... 
 
 3 
 
 Isaac iFew 
 
 ... 
 
 .S 
 
 Samuel Heald 
 
 ... 
 
 2 
 
 William Levis 
 
 ... 
 
 8 
 
 
 ... 
 
 /[ 
 
 William Harvey 
 
 ... 
 
 3 
 
 William Webb 
 
 ... 
 
 d 
 
 Silas Pryor 
 
 ... 
 
 7 
 
 John Heald 
 
 ... 
 
 <i 
 
 Val.Hollingsworth... 
 
 ... 
 
 2 
 
 Alexander ffraser 
 
 ... 
 
 2 
 
 Daniel Magfarain 
 
 ... 
 
 3 
 
 James Harlin 
 
 ... n 
 
 2 
 
 Joshua Harlin 
 
 ... n 
 
 2 
 
 Caleb Prue 
 
 ... 
 
 ? 
 
 Samuel Hall 
 
 ... 
 
 2 
 
 William Barns 
 
 ... 
 
 2 
 
 Richard Cox 
 
 ... 
 
 a 
 
 Joseph Cox 
 
 ... 
 
 1 
 
 d. 
 
 Richard flletoher 
 
 Thomas ffisher 
 
 John Battin '. 
 
 Thomas Robinson 
 
 Mary Stewart 
 
 William Shewin 
 
 Edmund Butcher 
 
 Joseph Taylor 
 
 Evan Harry 
 
 William Home 
 
 John Gregg, for 100».... 
 
 jfree Men. 
 
 Peter Dix 
 
 John Cox 
 
 John Way 
 
 Edward Way 
 
 Nathaniel Way 
 
 Charles Jones 
 
 Robert HoUin 
 
 James Bruce...; 
 
 0. d, 
 1 8 
 
 1 10 
 
 2 10 
 
 2 9 
 4 
 1 6 
 I 
 6 
 4 4 
 6 3 
 
 3 4 
 
 Total 8 10 6 
 
 In 1760 the court was petitioned for a division of the 
 township into East and West Kennet. by a line from the 
 road at the division of Marlborough and Kennet, at Caleb 
 Peirce's lane, and from thence, along a road lately laid out 
 towards Wilmington, by John Powell's, to the township 
 line. Ten years later a division was made, and Pennsbury 
 taken from the eastern part. 
 
 KENNET TAXABLES, 1753. 
 Benj* Taylor, W" Temple, Richard Thatcher, Tho» Carleton, W» 
 Webb, Jas House, Rebekah Webb, Jn» Way, W" Harvey, Tho" Har- 
 lan, Isaac Mendenhall, Jacob Way, W^ Levis, W"> White, Jn° Heald, 
 Wm Marshall, Michael Gregg, Ellis Lewis, Sam' Levis, Jacob Janny, 
 Ja» Brinton, Benj« Mendenhall, Jn" Pyle, Jo= Bennit, Jacob Bennit, 
 Jn" Nichols, Henry Dixon, Amos Hope, Dan' Webb, Joeiah Taylor, 
 Jo' Harlan, Jo" Gregg, Ja= Armstrong, Ja" Harvey, W"" Cooper, Rob' 
 
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TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 181 
 
 Lamborn, Tho" Wily, Tho= Holdcn, Jo' Walter, Eob' Brown, Moses 
 Fraiter, Ja' Pryor, Eobt. Cnlbortson, Jn» Moore, Jn" Clark, Henry 
 Simonson,. Jn" Mofarson, Joshua Harlan, Ja» Hollingsworth, Jehu 
 Hollingsworth, Tho' Temple, Jesse Miller, W™ Wily, Jn» Eves, Jn» 
 Fred, Jo" Dixon, Tho' Nichols, Hugh Harry, Amos Harry, Ja» Hanoe, 
 Sam' Harlan, Geo. Baily, David Tarnall, Charles Holdmon, George 
 Miller, Abra™ Ford, Tho= Hannavtay, Gabriel Clark, Ja' Paul, 
 Charles Porter, Walter Craige, Dennis Sullivan, John Talkinton, 
 Richard Adkins, EIit» Wily, Jn" Dixon, Alex' Wilson, Jn» Martin, 
 Humphrey Pasmore, Ja» Laughlin, Archibald MoCracken, Jn° Thomp- 
 son, Tede Dun, Jn» Watts, Ja> Watts, Jacob Heald, Brioe Collins, 
 Elijah Barns, W"> Lamborn. 
 Inmates. — Ja» Harlan, Ja» Hall, Jn"> Green, Jacob Taggert, Stephen 
 
 Freemen. — David Pusey, Jn" Key, Ja» Glenn, Fran" Clark, Jn" 
 Horner, Charles Hall, Dan' Orr, Oliver Cope, Henery Welch, Rich'i 
 Conlin, Michael Mardick, Patrick McClean, Fran' Roarke, Arthur 
 Doneiy, Henery Harvey, Walter Welsh, Abra" Taylor, James Nethery. 
 
 LAND-OWNEKS, 1774. 
 Robert Brown, William Baldwin, Robert Barr, Peter Bell, Jacob 
 and James Brown, Thomas Carlenton, Gabriel Clark, Jesse Cloud, 
 Robert Cooper, Isaac Chandler, Daniel Cloud, Walter Craig, Calvin 
 Cooper, Enoch Dixon, Henry Dixon, Michael Gregg, Isaac Gregg, 
 Solomon Gregg, Sarah Gregg, Jesse Harvey, John Harper, Joshua 
 Harlan, Joseph Harlan, Zacheus Kay, Robert Lombory (Lamborn ?), 
 William Lambory, William Lewis, Samuel Levis, Allen Langley, John 
 Lamborn, John McFarlan, Charles McCauley, John Marshall, Thomas 
 Milhons, George Meason, Jesse Miller, Jesse Mendenhall, John MoEl- 
 roy, Joseph Musgrave, Enoch Passmore, George P.TSsmore, William 
 Pyle, John Pyle, John Richison, Oliver Russell, Hugh Russell, Abra- 
 ham Taylor, Caleb Titylor, William Tate, Joshua Sharpless, Jacob 
 Sharpless, Joseph Sharpless, Francis Swain, Joseph Walter, James 
 Walter, Robert Way, Ezekiel Webb, Sarah Webb, Benjamin Walker, 
 William Wiley, George Walters, Joseph Walters, Jr., Andrew Yeat- 
 man, Jacob Zempher. 
 
 KENNET SQUAKB. 
 
 The borough of Kennet Square was formed from the 
 township of Kennet, and was incorporated in 1855. The 
 village, which formed the nucleus of the borough, bore the 
 name of Kennet Square, and had been so called from a 
 period anterior to the Revolutionary war. It is situated on 
 the line of the Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Bail- 
 road, in the midst of an exceedingly fertile district of 
 country, at the head of the Toughkenamon Valley. 
 
 The inhabitants of Kennet Square, and of the township 
 from which it was taken, are largely the descendants of the 
 original settlers, and are noted for their intelligence and 
 culture. The anti-slavery sentiment has always predomi- 
 nated strongly, and in the days of slavery it was esteemed 
 a hot-bed of abolitionism. The inhabitants, however, 
 gloried in their sentiments, and many a wayfaring bondman 
 received aid and comfort from them on his passage towards 
 the North Star. It would have been a dangerous experi- 
 ment in those days for any of its inhabitants to have pro- 
 claimed their nativity south of Mason and Dixon's line. 
 Its academies and seminaries have for years ranked high, 
 and many youth from a distance are educated here. The 
 old Unicorn tavern building— said to have been the scene 
 of one of the outlaw Fitzpatrick's exploits— was acciden- 
 tally burned about the year 1875. The scene of Bayard 
 Taylor's " Story of Kennet" is laid in this and the adjoin- 
 ing townships. 
 
 In 1769, William Dixson, of New Garden, conveyed to 
 Joseph Musgrave, of Kennet, a lot of ground " near a place 
 called Kennet Square," which is the first mention of the 
 name which has come under notice. 
 
 LONDON BBITAIN. 
 
 A considerable part of this township was included in the 
 survey made for the London Company. If the reader will 
 take up the map of Chester County, and extend the east 
 and west lines of Londongrove township about as far south 
 as Kimbleville, and connect them by an east-and-west line, 
 he will have the east, west, and south lines of the London 
 Company's tract, and can readily see the portion of London 
 Britain included in it. An addition was made to the east 
 side of the township by a portion taken from New Garden, 
 but the date when this was done has not been observed. 
 
 Settlements were made at an early date by Welsh Bap- 
 tists in the . southerti part of the township, and a church 
 was established among them. The oldest tombstone in 
 the graveyard bears date 1729. John Evans, who came 
 from Radnorshire, in Wales, about the year 1700, was 
 prominent among these settlers, and his son, of the same 
 name, who died in 1738, held large tracts of land, together 
 with fulling-mills and grist-mills, on White Clay Creek. 
 An Indian village was formerly on the creek, near Yeat- 
 man's mill. 
 
 The following petition will explain the organization of 
 the township : 
 
 "To the worshipfull the Justices for the County of Chester on 
 Delaware now in Court sitting : 
 
 "The Humble petition of the Subscribers Sheweth, Whereas find- 
 ing the township of Itgw London too Large for us or the officers to 
 sarve therein, being never bounded on the Western Side thereof, we 
 your petitioners Humbly pray that it may be Devided as thus : be- 
 ginning at the west side of John Evans and soe to Run a Direct 
 Coroe froward to the north Side of thomas Evans', and north of John 
 James' and soe to the north side of Thomas Morris' and thence to the 
 Line of the manner, and soe joyning on the Line of the manner to the 
 Line of New Castle, and soe to the aforesaid begining; and if you 
 will be pleased to Grant of itt thus and call it by the name of Lon- 
 don Brittain, — The officers being alsoe named on the back Side of this 
 petition, for the Enshewing yeare, — And in your Granting of the 
 Same your petitioners Shall be ever bound in Duty for to pray Ac. 
 "John Evans, jun'. John Evans, senior. 
 
 Lewis Jerman. Thomas Price. 
 
 Richard Whitting. Owen Thomas. 
 
 Owen Edward. John Devonald. 
 
 David Davis. Thomas Morris. 
 
 David William. Thomas Evan. 
 
 Thomas Morgan. David Evan. 
 
 Philip Rees. John James. 
 
 Evan Hary. Samuel Evan. 
 
 Rice Evan. John Jones. 
 
 Philip Dougless. Jinkin John. 
 
 " Constable, Richard Whitting. 
 " Supervisor of the High ways, John Devonald. 
 " Overseers of the Poor, John Evans, Thomas Morris. 
 Endorsed, "May, 1725: allow* y" within peticon &, refers y" sett- 
 ling of y" bounds of the said Township to next Court." 
 
 In May, 1775, the following petition was presented : 
 
 "The Petition of the inhabitants of London Britain Township in 
 said County most Humbly sheweth that whereas the Honourable 
 John Penn, Esquire, Governor and Commander in chief of tho Pro- 
 vince of Pennsylvania, and the three lower Counties on Delaware, by 
 his proclamation dated the fifteenth of September last, and likewise 
 the eighth of April in this present year, hath established and Con- 
 firmed the Western boundaries between the Provinces of Pennsyl- 
 vania and Maryland, and therein required all persons Concerned to 
 take due Notice thereof and act Agreeable thereunto by the Confirma- 
 tion of which line more than the one third of the township of London 
 Britain aforesaid will be Included and taken into the Province of 
 Maryland, whereby said Township will be rendered very small not 
 haveing more than twenty five freeholders therein : By which means 
 
182 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 the Inhabitants of said Township will be reduced to great hardships 
 in maintaining the publick highways, supporting tbo poor and serve- 
 ing in the different oflBces of Constable Overseers of the poor and 
 highways, from their fewness in number. And your petitioners beg 
 leave to shew that New London, the adjoining Township is large, 
 and from its present location hnveing a long slip of land that runs 
 down between the Township of London Grove and London Britain 
 afores*^ until it Intersects the line of Newgarden Township, which 
 piece or parcel of land your petitioners apprehends might be very 
 Gommodiously annexed to the said Township of London Britain, and 
 which would nearly make up the number of Inhabitants to said town- 
 ship that it will loose by the settlement of the Provincial lines as 
 afores*. And your Petitioners begs leave further to shew that the 
 division line between the township of New Garden and London 
 Britain aforesaid is not sufficiently ascertained so as to prevent future 
 disputes arising between said Townships. Your petitioners pray 
 your Honors would be pleased to appoint Commissioners to run a 
 line, begining in the western division line aforesaid, between the 
 Provinces aforesaid, at or near the house of John Bobinson, which 
 was formerly in the township of Newlondon, now in the Province of 
 Maryland, from thence running a North Course untill it Intersects 
 with the township of London Grove aforesaid j then along with the 
 said line of London Grove untill it intersects with the reputed line 
 of New Garden, — that the division line between the said Township of 
 New Garden and London Britain may be so directed as to include 
 the plantations of Evan Evans and Peter Evans in said Township of 
 London Britain as heretofore always held and deemed from their first 
 settlement untill it intersects the line of New Castle County j and 
 your petitioners as bound in dutty will pray, &c. 
 " James Kennedy, Wm. Price. 
 
 William Alexander. Bavid Furey. 
 
 Thos. Lunn. Benjamin Whitting. 
 
 John Whan. William Brice. 
 
 John Alexander. John Beard. 
 
 John Williams, Morris Thomas. 
 
 Isaac Johnson. John Ross. 
 
 John Dunsmoor. Thomas Patten. 
 
 Wm. Hutchison. Wm, Hopes. 
 
 John Whitting. George Patton. 
 
 Henry Smith." 
 
 The court appointed Thomas Woodward, Levis Pennock, 
 
 and Joseph Musgrove to make a survey and ascertain the 
 
 line of New Garden and London Britain. The followin"- 
 
 o 
 
 is the first assessment of the township in 1725 : 
 
 6. d. 
 
 David Williams 3 4 
 
 Tho. Morris 3 g 
 
 Ritehard Wliiling 4 3 
 
 Daniel Makeal 3 3 
 
 BeDJamin Newton 2 6 
 
 Peter Garrison 2 4 
 
 Lewis Jarmon 2 1 
 
 Lawrence Gray 2 2 
 
 Rodger Evan 2 
 
 Phillip Reeoe 1 6 
 
 David Diivis 2 6 
 
 Charles Pinley 1 
 
 John Gray 1 
 
 Samuel Guttery 1 
 
 Barnet Cuningham 1 
 
 John Rodgers 1 
 
 John Cresswell 1 
 
 Freemen. 
 
 Tho. Harry 9 
 
 William Ookin 9 
 
 8. d. 
 
 John Evans 10 6 
 
 John Evans, Jr 5 6 
 
 Alexander White 10 6 
 
 John Alexander 9 8 
 
 Thomas Price 7 6 
 
 David Evans 4 1 
 
 Tho. Evans 4 
 
 David John 4 6 
 
 Owen Edwards 3 9 
 
 Phillip Duglas 2 6 
 
 David Harry 2 1 
 
 ThoBias Alleson 4 9 
 
 Lewis Morgan 2 3 
 
 John James 2 9 
 
 Owen Thomas 4 2 
 
 John Jones 3 9 
 
 Samuel Evans 4 3 
 
 Tho.Morgan 3 8 
 
 John Rinking 4 1 
 
 John Devenard 5 2 
 
 Evan Harry 3 6 
 
 LONDON BRITAIN TAXABLES, 1753. 
 Sterret Gray, Moses Scot, John Reed, Thomas Jordan, John Alex- 
 ander, John Forsyth, John Clark, Robert Smith, Joseph Steel, Wil- 
 liam Maxfield, Daniel Cain, John Rankin, Robert Serjant, William 
 Hood, Daniel McNally, David John, Thomas Singleton, James Hutch- 
 ison, John Singleton, John Bolton, James Taylor, Lewis Morgan, John 
 Huey, Peter Kelly, Samuel White, John Porter, William Alexander, 
 M'illiam Molloy, Rees Price, Cornelius Luekey, John Evans, Andrew 
 Miller, Evan Evans, Jane Evans, Robert Rumsy, Edmund Dougherty, 
 Morris Thomas, David Williams,' John Whitten, Lewis German 
 Thomas Drnnison, John Sloan, George MoCleave, Edward Ferron, 
 
 James Kennedy, William Clinton, John Allen, John Dennison, James 
 Douglas, Arthur Lattimore, Redmon Young, John Dickey, James 
 Johnson, James Kees, James Jolly, Isaac Johnson. 
 
 Freemen.— Geovge Crow, Thomas Crow, John Murphy, Mathew 
 Strait, James Potts, Thomas Wallace, Joseph Hall, James Walker 
 David Rogers, Thomas Rowantree, James Fall. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 Evan Evans, Esq., Hannah McEchram, Charles Black, John Whit- 
 ting, John Williams, Benjamin Whitting, Charles Hughes, Catharine 
 Crawford, Henry Smith, John Ross, James Reed, John Dunmore, 
 William Hopes, Thomas Lunn, William Meoklen, John Beard, Mar- 
 garet Crow, Morris Thomas, Murtough Menaugh, James Kennedy, 
 Andrew McClelland, Robert Allen, John Chambers, James Taylor 
 William Alexander, John Alexander, John Reed, Elijah MoCray 
 William Scott, John Rankin, John Whan, Moses Scott, Rees Price, 
 Isaac Johnston, Thomas Jordan, John Sutton, Andrew Bingham, 
 John Murphy, John McCoy. 
 
 LONDONDEEEY. 
 
 This was separated from Nottingham in 1734, and then 
 included the territory from Londongrove to the Octorara. 
 About one-third of the present township was included in 
 Fagg's Manor (which see). In 1742, John McGrew, 
 Robert Robinson, William Neill, and others petitioned for 
 a division of the township, which was at that time fre- 
 quently called New Londonderry. In 1754, Oxford town- 
 ship was taken from its western side. In 1819 it was again 
 divided, and the southern part called Penn. A small part 
 was added from Londongrove and West Marlborough in 
 1866. The early settlers were from Ireland, and the name 
 is derived from Londonderry, in Ireland. 
 
 The following is the list of taxables in the year 1735 : 
 
 Robert Callwell, David McClossey, Robt. Robison, Wm. McCIelnn, 
 John Cresswell, John Douglas, Widdow Thomson, Thos. Province, 
 Thos. Welherspoon, John Hees (Hayes), Jos. Kenegan, Wm. Neal, 
 John Magrow, George Miller, Wm. Cresswell, Wm. Barnet, Wm. 
 Thomson, Wm. Mcffarron, Thos. Meffarron, Robt. Dixon, Edwd. Hut- 
 ton, James Glin, Walter Rogers, John Wickerson, Robt. Carr, James 
 Patton, John Vance, George Gibson, Alexr. Gibson, John Blear, 
 Sam" Porter, James Porter, Sam>i fBeming, John Mecs, John Mc- 
 Murr3-, Arthur Steward, Wm. Ghrames, Henry Charleton, David Ken- 
 nedy, John Thomson, Gabriel Walker, Hugh Hasson, David White, 
 Stephen Cornelius, Charles Hedge, Wm. Hedge, John Thomson, 
 Mich" Mire, Thos. Charleton, John Cook, Robt. Carson, Robt. Arm- 
 strong, Richd. Bennct, Oliver Culbertson, John Ramsey, Alexr. Mc- 
 Keson, John Cresswell, George Douglass, Robt. Scott, John Douglass, 
 Wm. White, Thomas Lyon, Widdow Cresswell, Sam" Sproue, Dan" 
 McLister, Thos. White, Robt. fBeming, David ffleming, John Bees, 
 John Torbitt, Hugh Torbilt, Wm. Porter, Thps. Espi, Hugh Miller, 
 Jos. Smith, James McKeath, James Disert, Tho. Couohran, Widdow 
 Betty, Allem Simpson, John Simpson, Nath" Porter, John Gleen, 
 Wm. Young, James Thomson, James Steward, Moses Thomson, 
 Nath" Young, Jos. Moor, James Ross, James Caswell, Andrew Sim, 
 Sara" Colbreoth, Robt. Colbrealh, Moses Ross, Nathan Dix, John 
 Siilsbury, James Purtle, Adam Copper, Thos. Wallis, Henry Youins 
 (Ewing?), John Colbreath, John McCordy, Peter Hasting, John 
 Guttry, Wm. Peny, Robt. AVilliam, Andrew Porter, Wm. ffield, James 
 McFeer, Dan" MoClean, Widdow Stuard. 
 
 Freemen. — Wm. Miller, James Berisford, James Caristhers, Mich" 
 A'Dougharty, James Geery, John Dowdall, Wm. Yousher, Tho. 
 Scarlet, 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 
 Moses Correy, Martha Shields, Wm. McCraoken, Alexander Ful- 
 ton, Wm. Montgpmery, Rich'd Bailey, Wm. Thompson, Ann Thomp- 
 son, John Wiekersham, Richard Trouton, Jacob Wilson, Thomas 
 Thompson, Robert Gardner, James Poage, John Picken, Rachel 
 CroFby, Robert Graham, David Brackenridge, William Chalfant, 
 James Gibson, Elizabeth Hall, Thos. MoGuire, John Flatcher, Mary 
 Baily, Nathan Hays, James Craig, David Kinkaid, Elizabeth Mc- 
 Adams, Robert Sloan, William Kerr, John Widows, William Cleeland, 
 James Law, John Watson, Joseph Hutchinson, Matthew Young, 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 183 
 
 Agnes Rowan, Joseph Caldwell, James Mackey, Mary Moss, Josiah 
 Allen, Benjamin Hanway, James GUliland, Francis Blair, Wm. Blair, 
 Wm. Love, Samuel Criswell, Robert Patterson, Montgomery Ken- 
 nedy, John Matthews, John Criswell, James Criswell, Nathaniel 
 Walker, David Ramsay, Samuel Ramsay, John Ramsay, John Swan, 
 Daniel Jones, Elijah MoClenahan, Joseph Strawbridge, Thoa. Straw- 
 bridge, Samuel Cross, John Alexander, John MoGuire, Arohi'd 
 Fleming, Robert Graham, Samuel Maokey, Henry Charlton, Eliza- 
 beth Charlton. 
 
 LONDONGROVE. 
 This township was organized in 1723, with James Lind- 
 ley as constable, Joseph Sharp and Shadrack Scarlet as 
 overseers of the poor, and John Fincher as supervisor. 
 
 Aug. 12, 1699, William Penn sold to Tobias Collet, 
 Daniel Quare, Henry Goldney, and Michael Eussell, all of 
 London, among other lands, 60,000 acres not then located, 
 and granted a warrant for the location thereof, dated 6 month 
 (August) 17, 1699. These persons admitted others into 
 partnership with them, and formed a company, generally 
 known as the London Company, for the improvement of 
 their property, the number of shares eventually reaching 
 8800, and the shareholders several hundred. As a part 
 of the 60,000 acres, a survey was made of 16,500 acres 
 in Chester County, which included nearly all of the 
 present township of Londongrove and the greater part of 
 Franklin (formerly part of New London) and London 
 Britain. This tract was rectangular, being over three miles 
 wide, and about eight and six-tenths miles long. That part 
 of Londongrove which lies directly north of New Garden, 
 containing 718 acres, was subsequently added to the former 
 survey, so that the London Company owned, altogether, 
 17,218 acres in this county, for which a patent was granted 
 June 25, 1718. Much of this land was originally leased 
 for a term of years, with stipulations that a certain number 
 of acres should be cleared and plowed yearly, orchards 
 planted, etc. 
 
 A large number of the settlers in Londongrove were 
 members of the Society of Friends, and among them were 
 the names of Allen, Chandler, Jackson, Lamborn, Lindley, 
 Morton, Pusey, Scarlet, Starr, and Underwood. 
 
 In 1866 the line separating Londongrove and West 
 Marlborough from Londonderry was altered, and a small 
 part of the northwest corner of Londongrove, and of the 
 southwest corner of West Marlborough, were cut off and 
 attached to Londonderry. The territory thus annexed to 
 Londonderry included within its bounds the old White 
 Horse inn, and was added to that township so that its in- 
 habitants might have a convenient place at which to hold 
 their elections. 
 
 In 1722 and 1723 a number of the settlers obtained 
 deeds for their lands, but in 1731 there still remained about 
 4500 acres unsold of the above tract. The following ad- 
 vertisement was probably circulated soon after the land was 
 taken up : 
 
 "THE PROPRIETORS OF THE PENSILVANIA LAND COM- 
 PANY IN LONDON DO HEREBY GIVE NOTICE 
 To all persons that are willing to settle upon their lands in Pensil- 
 vania, and the territories thereunto belonging, 
 
 " That they will "Give to Every such Person or Persons Fifty Acres 
 of Land to them and their Heirs for ever, Free and Clear of all man- 
 ner of Quit-Rents: Ten Families to Settle together for the Conveni- 
 ency of Good Neighborhood in every Five Thousand Acres. This 
 Encouragement we promise to Give to a Hundred Families; and so 
 
 soon as each Family have Built them a Cottage, and cleared Ten 
 Acres of Land, every Family so settling shall have Deeds executed by 
 the Trustees, and sent them over upon Certificate for that purpose 
 first obtained under the Hands of this Company's Agent or Agents 
 Residing in Pensilvania 
 
 " Sam'l Carpenter & Tho. ff airman are the Comp'e Agents." 
 
 Whether any persons accepted these conditions has not 
 been observed. John Estaugh, a settler at Haddonfield, 
 N. J., married Elizabeth, the daughter of John Haddon, 
 whose possessions there gave rise to the name, and who ap- 
 pears also to have been one of the London Company ; 
 and this Estaugh became the agent or attorney for the com- 
 pany, as well as a shareholder, upon the death of his father- 
 in-law. Under his direction, Isaac Taylor surveyed many 
 tracts for settlers on the company's lands. The subdivisions 
 in Londongrove were mostly rectangular, and a large num- 
 ber of them appear to have been laid out in 1718 and 1719. 
 Many of the settlers obtained deeds for their lands, dated 
 March 14, 1722-3, from Collet, Quare, and Goldney. 
 These deeds were prepared in England, and were doubtless 
 brought over that spring by John Estaugh, who was re- 
 turning from a religious visit to that country, he and Sarah 
 Dimsdale, of New Jersey, being witnesses to them. 
 
 About the year 1760 was passed an act of Parliament, 
 vesting the estate of the London Company in certain trus- 
 tees who were directed to expose the same at public sale in 
 Philadelphia.* These trustees appointed others as their 
 agents and attorneys, from whom many of the titles were 
 obtained after this date. 
 
 The first list of taxables to be found is that of 1724, 
 which follows : 
 
 ^'"■. ?"'cf^..u''°'^ I 17 10 
 
 land in Sadbery J 
 
 Wm. Chandler 4 4 
 
 Shedrick Scarlet 6 8 
 
 John Alen 8 
 
 Joseph Sharp 13 
 
 Jeremiah Star 4 6 
 
 James Linley 19 
 
 James Tood 5 8 
 
 Joseph hedg 18 9 
 
 Robert Cain 4 
 
 John Cox 8 
 
 John Cane 7 
 
 Richd Cox 5 
 
 Moses harland 4 
 
 Tho. Hill 5 
 
 Tho. Cox 5 
 
 Xho. Underwood 2 
 
 John Wickerson 6 
 
 Danil Hamon 3 
 
 Wilam Robe.: 7 
 
 Joseph Jackson 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 frances foster 4 
 
 Alexander Wod. 
 
 ThomaSpickman 3 
 
 Mikel harland, sener, I q iq a. 
 and land in Sadbery j 
 
 Mikel harland, Jur 2 4 
 
 John Cook 4 8 
 
 John Jackson 5 9 
 
 frances Swain 3 8 
 
 John fincher 8 6 
 
 Robert Lambert 3' 8 
 
 John holten 4 
 
 Richard Tranter 6 8 
 
 Steven Ayils 07 4 
 
 Rich* Bentt 3 
 
 Jonathan fincher 3 
 
 John Spencer 3 
 
 bengDian underwo"! 3 6 
 
 Danil Mack Clister 2 6 
 
 peeter Cook 2 8 
 
 Wilam kerik 2 8 
 
 Joseph Gornett 18 
 
 The list of taxables for 1753 is as follows : 
 
 John Cain, Rob' Cain, Tho= Bryan, Jn" Wilson, Jonathan Lindly, 
 Ja' Kelton, David Wily, Edward Henderson, W™ Hanna, Jn" Wilkin- 
 son, John Ross, Jo" Moss, Geo. Baldwin, Ja' Downard, Jer"" Starr, 
 Stephen Ayles, W™ Jackson, The' Flower, Sam' Morton, Rob' Andrew, 
 Michael Harlan, Ja" Harlan, W™ Mann, Geo. Moor, Jn" Williamson, 
 Jn" Cook, Jun"', Andrew Coldwell, Hugh Speakman, Jn" Cooke, Sen', 
 John Johnson, W" Woods, Ja' Greenfield, Jonathan fincher, Rob' 
 Lamborn, Jacob Miers, John Pusey, Joshua Johnson, Joshua Pusey, 
 Ja" Webb, John Allen, sen"', John Allen, jun', Morral Allen, Ja» Lar- 
 kin, Ja» Lockard, Nicholas Pyle, Isaac Starr, John Jordan, Jo" Jack- 
 son, John Culbertson, John Donald, Joseph Hobson, James Daniel, 
 W™ Boyd, Jacob Thompson, W" Anderson, David Correy. 
 
 Freemen. — Lawrence freestone, Jn° McClintoek. 
 
 The land-owners in 1774 were : 
 
 » See Deed Book H, 12, p. 120, etc., Philadelphia. 
 
184 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Joseph Allen, Wm. Allen, Wm. Anderson, Aaron Baker, Charles 
 Booth, John Baldwin, William Chandler, Robert Cain, Stephen Cook, 
 Edward Crooks, Rebekah Cook, Wm. Derriokson, Wm. Elliott, Eichard 
 Flower, Moses Frazer, Jas. Greenfield, Henry Harlan, Soloman Har- 
 lan, David Harlan, David Hunter, Jacob Halliday, Edward Hender- 
 son, Samuel Jackson, Ephraim Jackson, Wra, Jackson, Thomas John- 
 son, Joshua Johnston, Joseph Johnston, James Kelton, Alex"' Lewis, 
 Francis Lamborn, Thos. Lamborn, Robert Lamborn, Josiah Lamborn, 
 Jona. Lindley, Thomas McKean, Thomas Morton, Robert Montgom- 
 ery, Joseph Moore, David McCay, David Moore, John Newborough, 
 John Pusey, Joshua Pusey, George Passraore, Nathaniel Pennock's 
 executors, Jesse Pennock, James Robinson, Joseph Richardson, John 
 Reed, Samuel Sharp, Moses Starr, Hugh Speakman, William Travilla, 
 Jeremiah Underwood, Thos. Ward, Francis Wilkinson, Samuel Wood- 
 ward, Wm. Wood, Thos. Wood, Thos. Woodward, Nathaniel Wallace, 
 John Waugh, David Wiley, John Williamson. 
 
 EAST MAELBOEOUGH AND WEST MAELBOE- 
 OUGH. 
 
 Marlborough was named from Marlborough, in Wilt- 
 shire; England. The eastern part was laid out about 1700, 
 in right of purchases made in England, as was also some 
 of the western part. As first designed by Penn, the 
 eastern part was to be rectangular, the Street road passing 
 through the middle. The land on the north, next to 
 Newlin, was described as in Bensalem township, but after- 
 wards added to Marlborough. 
 
 Marlborough was organized as a township about 1704. 
 The name of Thomas Wickersham as constable occurs on 
 the court records 12th month 27, 1704-5. He was the 
 first constable of the township. 
 
 In 1715 the tax-rate was as follows: 
 
 £ 
 
 Rich's. Travello 
 
 John Martin 
 
 ffrancis Swaine., 
 
 Thomas Nickson 
 
 Non-resident Land, 
 1 » 
 
 Joshua Cadman, 
 1000 acres 
 
 Jos. Pike, 500 acres 
 
 Peter Bainton, .300 acres 
 Jas. Travello .200 acres.. 
 
 ffrec Men. 
 
 John Heath 
 
 John Hays 
 
 £ 8. d.. 
 
 Richard Barnard 2 6 
 
 WalterCox. 18 
 
 Gyen Stevenson 5 3 
 
 John Ebernethe 18 
 
 John Simcock 4 .3 
 
 Robert Jones 2 6 
 
 Caleb Pusey 4 
 
 John Smith 5 3 
 
 Thomas Wickersham 6 6 
 
 -Thomas Mercer 6 6 
 
 Richard Blackshere 5 
 
 Vincent Caldwell 4 2 
 
 Joshua Pearce 4 
 
 Mordfcai Cloud 6 6 
 
 Jeremiah Cloud 6 
 
 Joell Bayley 5 10 
 
 Htnry.Hayes 11 6 
 
 Joseph Pennock 14 2 Total 6 16 4 
 
 In 1728, Joseph Pennock, John Strode, Joel, Joel, Jr., 
 and Isaac Baily, Richard, Joseph, and William Hayes, 
 Joseph Taylor, Aaron Baker, Ezekiel and William Harlan, 
 and John Passmore petitioned to have the boundaries 
 already agreed upon entered on record, which was done 
 Nov. 27, 1728. By this decree the township was to be 
 bounded, — 
 
 " Eastward by the Eastern Lines of the Land late of Vincent Cald- 
 well, the Land of Joshua Pierce and the Land late of Hugh Harry to 
 the southeast corner of a Tract of Land which Jeremiah A Mordecai 
 Cloud Purchased of Benjamin Chambers, and from thence by the east 
 & north Lines of the s* Tract to the Eastern line of the Society Tract, 
 and then down the Society line to the South East Corner of the fA 
 Tract, and from thence by the s* Society line to the northwest Corner 
 of the same Tract, and thence to the north East corner of the Land 
 late of Thomas Nickson, and from thence by a line to the Eastern 
 corner of the Land late of David Brintnall, and thence by a line west • 
 ward. Including the Land of Ezekiel Harlan to the northwest corner 
 of the Land late of Isaac Taylor, and then by the western lines of the 
 same Lund and the other Land late of Thomas Niekson's to the north- 
 west corner of Joseph Pennock's Land, and from thence by the western 
 known boundaries of the s'^ Township of Marlborough to the Southern 
 boundaries," etc. 
 
 Feb. 25, 1728-9, William Swaine, Caleb Pusey, Henry 
 Hayes, and others petitioned for a division of the township, 
 and on May 27, 1729, it was decreed that it should be 
 divided by a line beginning at the western corner of Caleb 
 Pusey's land, in the line of New Garden ; thence northward, 
 between Caleb Pusey and Joseph Pennock, to Marlborough 
 Street ; thence east along the street to a corner of land late 
 of James Treviller ; thence north by the said land, and land 
 late of Robert Jones, Walter Cock, and John Simcock, to 
 the land of John Bennet ; thence west to the southwest 
 corner of the latter, and north, between Bennett and Henry 
 Hayes, and land late of John Simcock and vacant land, to 
 the northwest corner of Hayes' land ; thence east by the 
 same to the society line (Newlin). 
 
 November, 1730, on petition of John Strode, Joseph 
 Pennock, and five others, it was ordered that the line of 
 West Marlborough, beginning at the north corner of the 
 division line above, should extend thence to the northeast 
 corner of William Harlan's land, and then, by a line to in- 
 clude the lands of William and Ezekiel Harlan, to the 
 northeast corner of John Taylor's land, and by the western 
 line of Taylor's land, and land late of Thomas Nickson, to 
 Marlborough Street. 
 
 In West Marlborough a large tract of 2875 acres was 
 surveyed to John Simcock, of Ridley, and was then said to 
 be in Hilltown township. It was afterwards settled by 
 Richard Barnard and others. Joseph Pennock took up 
 1250 acres in right of his grandfather, George Collett, and 
 was among the first settlers. He built " Primitive Hall," 
 which is still standing. 
 
 In East Marlborough, George Peirce obtained a patent, 
 12, 14, 1700-1 , for land which included the present Peirce's 
 Park, or " Evergreen Glade," as it was named by the owner. 
 George Peirce conveyed it to his son Joshua, 6, 6, 1725, 
 who devised to his son Caleb, 8, 23, 1752. Samuel and 
 Joshua, sons of the latter, established the botanical garden 
 or arboretum thereon, and were succeeded by the late 
 George W. Peirce, son of Joshua. Part of the house was 
 built in 1730. George Peirce the first also gave to his 
 daughter Betty and her husband, Vincent Caldwell, 200 
 acres adjoining. After their deaths it was purchased by 
 Caleb Peirce, in 1758, and is now in possession of his great- 
 grandchildren of the Cox family. Longwood meeting-house 
 and cemetery are situated on a part thereof. 
 
 " Cedarcroft," the home of Bayard Taylor, is in this town- 
 ship, less than a mile north of Kennet Square. In the 
 neighborhood of Unionville Henry Hayes took up several 
 hundred acres, which he divided among his sons. To his 
 son Stephen he gave 177 acres in 1736, and this was bought 
 in 1743 by John Jackson, who was succeeded by his son . 
 George in 1759. The title to the old tavern property in 
 Unionville runs through George Jackson, Garnet Jackson, 
 George Jackson, Samuel Entriken, Jesse Buffijigton, Wil- 
 liam Taggart, Jr., James WoUaston, Isaac Taylor, and 
 others. Quite a village has grown up around the old tav- 
 ern, and our friend, Thomas F. Seal, reports there are now 
 about eighty dwellings, besides meeting-houses of Friends, 
 Presbyterians, and Methodists, an academy, public school, 
 public hall, a library, — beside those for " First-day" and 
 Sunday-schools, — a hotel, two smitheries, wheelwright-shop, 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 185 
 
 tannery, cabinet-maker's shop and wareroom, greenhouses 
 in connection with the nursery, and about seventy barns, 
 stables, etc. 
 
 A part of East Marlborough was taken in the formation 
 of Pocopson township in 1849. In 1875 the line between 
 West Marlborough on the one side and Londonderry and 
 Highland on the other being in dispute, was run and re- 
 established by order of court. 
 
 " Clermont" is the name of the farm of William Chal- 
 font, situated in East Marlborough township, near Union- 
 ville, and which consists of 125 acres. Mr. Chalfont has 
 owned it thirty-two years, and has put most of the im- 
 provements upon it. The residence is an elegant one, and, 
 with its fine surroundings, shows the taste of its owner and 
 of his family, one of the oldest and best known in the 
 county. 
 
 The farm is nicely located in a fine region of country 
 and good neighborhood. It lies some three miles north of 
 Kennet Square, and of the Philadelphia and Baltimore 
 Central Railroad, and six miles from Delaware State line. 
 It is situated between the east and west branches of Red 
 Clay Creek, in the centre of the township, and midway 
 between the Philadelphia and Baltimore Central and Wil- 
 mington and Northern Railroads. 
 
 EAST MARLBOROUGH TAXABLES, 1753. 
 
 John Smith, William Webster, William Hayes, William Pennook, 
 Daniel Baily, Edward Swayne, William Cloud, Jphn Cerson, William 
 Harry, Thomas Pusey, John Jackson, Isaac Allen, Joshua Pierce, Jo- 
 seph Gibson, David Hayes, Thomas Chalfont, Thomas Welch, Henry 
 Towel, John Braltan, Caleb Pierce, Thomas Woodward, Isaac Pierce, 
 Robert Johnson, Betty Caldwell, Daniel Mercer, Jeremiah Cloud, 
 Isaac Hayes, Robert Witherow, George Cerson, Henry Neal, Joseph 
 Pennock, Moses Pyle, Francis Windle, Robert Wickersham, Jacob 
 Wright, William Swayne, Mordecai Vernon, Francis Swayne, Thomas 
 Vernon, Daniel Vancort, Thomas Bowles, Samuel Beverly, William 
 Baily, Jonathan Jackson, Robert Pyle, Isaac Baily, James Wicker- 
 sham, Abigail Cloud, Daniel Avery, John Webster, William Bentley, 
 Joseph Pyle, William Delworth, John Swayne, Joseph Mercer, Joel 
 Baily, John Bittock. 
 
 /«)»a(M.— Caleb Pusey, Thomas Mofaddin, John Clark, John Den- 
 non, Johannes Miers, Timothy Cavanagh, John Nisbet, Thomas Con- 
 ner, James Fitzpiitrick, Patrick Haynes, William Gardner, Standish, 
 Berry, John Young, Evan Goss. 
 
 J-rcemen.— Joseph MoDowel, Benjamin Leonard, Daniel Eaches, 
 Joseph Orin, Patrick Whinnery, Samuel Swayne, Moses Burns, 
 Samuel Finley, Thomas Walker, James Dorrah, Daniel Baily, Henry 
 Hayes, Thomas Witherow, William Maxwell, James Montgomery, 
 Walter Welsh, Joseph Eakhoff. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 William Allen, Edward Bennett, Joel Bailey, Caleb Bailey, Wm. 
 Bailey, Isaac Bailey, Thomas Butler, Abner Cloud, Joshua Cloud, 
 Mordecai Cloud, William Cloud, Stephen Anderson, John Jackson, 
 junior, Caleb Jaekson, Jesse Jackson, George Jackson, Jonathan 
 Jackson, Thomas Hayes, Samuel Hayes, Caleb Johnston, Wm. Har- 
 vey, Silas Harvey, Samuel Beverly, Thomas Camton, Thomas Jack- 
 son, Peter Bgnew (Agnew?), Alexander Foreman, Isaac Johnston 
 Enoch Wickersham, James Wickersham, Jacob Wright, Richard 
 Woodward, John Taylor, James Mash. Joseph Pyle, Joshua Pierce, 
 Isaac Woodrow, Thomas Woodward, Caleb Swayne, Mordecai Ver- 
 non, William Windle, Daniel Mercer, Solomon Mercer, Moses Pen- 
 nock, Abel Wickersham, William Pennock, John Russell, Jo^n Par- 
 ker, Jacob Tagart, Henry Neale, Henry Woodward, Benjamm Way, 
 John Webster, Edward Swayne, David Pusey, Thomas Pusey, Joseph 
 Pennock, Thos. Shugers, Samuel Swayne, William Swayne, Jonathan 
 Morris, Ezekiel Webb, Caleb Pierce, Isaac Pierce, John Wijson, James 
 Jefferis, Jacob Pyle, Thomas Preston, Abram Heald; Isaac Menden- 
 hall, James Nethory, Charles Rudibaok. 
 
 24 
 
 WEST MARLBOROUGH TAXABLES, 1753. 
 .Joel Baily, Jos. Taylor, John Baily, George Pasmore, John Law 
 renoe, Isaac Pyle, Wm. Harlan, Wm. Harlan, Jun', Robt. McMio 
 Jas. Harlan, Jonathan Harlan, Gasper Sibolt, John Spear, Jacob 
 Grimalit, Henery Hayes, Levis Pennock, Aaron Baker, Moses Ed- 
 wards, Joseph Chalfont, Wm. Chalfont, Jeremiah Barnard, Jas 
 Sharp, Jas. Perry, Lewellen Perry, Josiah Baily, Henery Chalfont 
 Edw« Swayne, Thos. Trivilla, Zeohaus Key, John Hayes, Thomas 
 Buffington, Saml. Pasmore, Isaac Harlan, Wm. Mungomery, Wm, 
 Puspy, Nath' Pennook, Jane Albin, Martha Holton, Isaac Chalfont 
 Jas. Chalfont, George Harlan, Michael Farlo, Wm. Richards, Stephen 
 White. 
 
 Freemen.— George Hayes, Patrick McGuiro, Jas. Greer, Wm Max- 
 well, Rich* Harris, Matthias Kean, Thos. Mosmore, Timothy Daily, 
 Charles Mooncy, John Fny, Gideon Pearson, John MoGowen. 
 Inmate. — John MoCormiek. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 Aaron Baker, Archibald McNeal, Andrew Mitchell, Aaron Baker, 
 junior, Caleb Pyle, Christopher Rix, Daniel Avery, Edward Swayne, 
 Elizabeth King, George Harlan, jr., George Harlan, Geo. Taylor, 
 Henry Chalfant, Hector McNeil, Hannah Baker, Hannah Baldwin, 
 Joshua Bailey, Joseph Williams, Isaac Baily, sr., Isaac Baily, jr., 
 Joseph Pennock, Isaac Pyle, John Kell, John Baily, Joshua Edwards, 
 Jeremiah Barnard, Joseph Pyle, Jacob Starr, John Pussmore, John 
 Montgomery, James Harlan, Isaac Powel, Joel Baily, Jacob Wood, 
 Josiah Baily, Lewis Pennook, Michael Harlan, Moses Edwards, Mary 
 Pusey, Nathan Hayes, Richard Bernard, Sam'l Baker, Thos. Bernard, 
 Tristram Moore, Thomas Trevilla, William. Davis, William Harlan, 
 William Hays, William Baily, William Chalfant. 
 
 MAKPLE. 
 
 The taxables in 1715 were as follows: 
 
 David Morris, Thomas Pearson, Joseph Worrall, Bartho" Coppook, 
 Jos : Roades, Peter Worrall, John Worrall, Jos : Powell, Robert Pear- 
 son, Henry Lewis, Mordecai Massey, Robert Taylor, John Evans, 
 Evan Lewis, & R* Harris. 
 
 free Jifeii.— Dan' Broom, Joshua Tompson, Enoch Pearson. 
 
 This township became a part of Delaware County in 1789. 
 
 MIDDLETOWN. 
 Taxables according to assessment of 1715 : 
 
 John Martin, George Grist, Caleb Harrisson, Edward Woodward, 
 Daniel Cookson, Joseph Jervis, William Pennel, Jacob Tragoe, John 
 Edwards, George Smedley, Jacob Minshall. Peter Tregoe, Sr., Thomas 
 Barns, John Chanley, John Turner, Joseph Sharpies, Alexander Hun- 
 ter, Moses Martin, Robert Baker, Thomas Barnsley, Thomas Martin, 
 Jr., Edward Lawrence. 
 
 free Men.— Hans Hamilton, Peter Tregoe, James Tregoe, George 
 Martin, ffrancis fferrel, Thomas Smith, William Chamberlin, Simon 
 Battin. 
 
 This township is also a part of Delaware County. 
 
 NANTMEAL. 
 
 This name was formerly— and properly— written Nantmel , 
 being derived from Nantmel, in Radnorshire, Wales, whence 
 some of the early settlers came. In 1717-19 surveys were 
 made on the head of the north branch of Brandywine for 
 Thomas Callowhill, 500 acres ; Howell Powel, 300 ; Ed- 
 ward Thomas, 300 ; William Iddings, 284 ; Thomas Rees, 
 260; John Broomal, 400; David Thomas, 300; Daniel 
 Moore, 237 ; William Trego, 200 ; John Moore, 200 ; 
 Richard and John Pcirsol, 410 acres. Some of the surveys 
 on French Creek were made as follows : 
 
 James Logan, 1000 acres, June 3, 1715; Jeremiah Jarman, 200, 
 Mar. 12, 1718; Owen Roberts, 1000, June 3, 1715; Ditto, 300, Apr. 
 30 1719 i William Davis, 100, Nov. 4, 1718; John William, 240, May 
 2 1719; Philip Rogers, 200, Nov. 4, 1718; Samuel Nutt, 250, Oct. 
 
186 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY", PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 28, 1717; Ditto, 650, May 2, 1719; Ditto, 150, Oct. 21, 1720; Mor- 
 decai Lincoln, 150, Oct. 21,1720; Nicholas Rogers, 200, May 2, 1719; 
 Henry Hockley, 200, May 2, 1719; Simon Meredith, 200, Oct. 22, 
 1720. 
 
 The first assessment of this district is of the inhabitants 
 " Near y' Branches of the flfrench Creek & the Branches of 
 Brandjwine," 1720. The names and valuation of the 
 estates were as follows : 
 
 Owen Roberts, £50; William Hiddins, £5; Richard, Jeremiah, &, 
 tTohn Peircell, £20; David Roberts, £5; William Phillips, £14; John 
 Williams, £6; William David, £6 ; John James, £2; Philip Roger, 
 £5; Sam' Nutt, £20; Mordicay Lincoln, £12; Lewis David, £5; 
 Simon Meridith, £12. 
 
 Non-resident Lands. — James Logan, 1000 acres; Henry Hockle, 
 200; Jonathan Gwyiie (Wynne), 1000; Thomas Calway (Callowhill), 
 600. 
 
 Prior to 1720 the settlement was assessed with the dis- 
 trict on Schuylkill. (See Coventry.) In 1721 this was 
 again the case, and the following names and valuations are 
 given : 
 
 Henry Parker, £12; John Colb, £8; Henry Cofnor, £9; John 
 Jeser, £12; John Hubbert, £8; Henry Castell, £12; Jacob Sttiger, 
 £6; Peter Helshe, £6; Mark Overholt, £16; Rodger Hi, £4; Henry 
 Land, £8; John Mealyn, £8; Martin Owry, £12; Frederick Long, 
 £6; Andrew Siekler, £6; Wolf Miller, £6; John William, £10; Owen 
 Roberts, £50: William Hiddings, £6; Richard, John, & Jeremiah 
 Peiriel, £18; Richard Moor, £6; William Phillips, £10; Simon Mere- 
 dith, £10; Philip Rogers, £6; Lewis David, £6; William David, £6; 
 William Longeger, £4; Jacob Mealyn, £9; Hans Mealyn, £9; Hans 
 Swifer, £4; Jacob Buckholt, £4; Richard Dunklyn, £4; Thomas 
 Miller, £20; John Blare, £4; John Rumford, £12; Henry Beell, £6; 
 John Sincl.iir, £12; Israel Robinson, £20; Sam' Nutt for all his land 
 in this County, £50 ; Mordecaj Linerwobd, £20. 
 
 Freemen. — Jacob Smith, Jacob Overholts, Peter Shaver, John Ed- 
 wards, Hans Owen 
 
 Non-resident Land. — James Gibbons, £36; James Logan, £30; 
 Jonathan Gwyn, £30 ; Thomas Callowhill, £15. 
 
 In 1722 the name of Nantmel first appears, and it con- 
 tains these taxables : Owen Roberts, John Williams, Rich- 
 ard Done, Lewis David, Phillip Rodger, Samuel Nutt, 
 " The forge" (valued at £20), Simon Meredith, Mordecai 
 Lincoln, John Moor, Edward Thomas, John, Richard, and 
 Jeremiah Pearsal, Philip Thomas, William Cloud, William 
 Iddings, Henry Baterton, David Morgan. There were also 
 non-resident land-owners. 
 
 About 1734 a petition for the division of the township 
 was presented to court, but rejected. The proposed di- 
 viding line was to begin at Lancaster County, above the 
 head of a small branch of Brandywine called George's 
 Creek, " which runneth between the land of David Thomas 
 and the plantation of William Iddings," and to follow 
 that stream until it came to the line of Cain, the east end 
 to retain the name of Nanlmeal, and the west end to be called 
 " Honeybrook." 
 
 February, 1739-40, another division was proposed, which 
 would leave Logan's meadow or swamp in the upper part, 
 and Ann Roberts' swamp in the other, after which the line 
 was to pass to the head of Wynn's meadow, and follow the 
 main branch of that water to the line of Uwchlan township. 
 In September, 1739, the citizens of the two ends chose 
 persons to divide the township, being Thomas Miradah 
 (Meredith ?) and Matthew Robertson, of the east side, 
 Arthur Graham and John Piersol, of the west. They could 
 not agree, and called in John Goheen as umpire. The line 
 
 agreed upon then was from the county line at the spring 
 near Edward George's house, thence to Brandywine, and so 
 to Cain township. In 1740 the taxables were 83 in East 
 and 123 in West Nantmeal. The first settlers were mostly 
 Welsh, and principally confined to the eastern part of the 
 township. The Scotch-Irish came up from the south- 
 western part of the county from 1730 to 1740, and peopled 
 the western part. 
 
 Professor James McClune, writing of the western part, 
 says,— 
 
 "The first houses were built of unhewn logs, filled between with 
 short pieces of wood and mortar made of clay and straw. They were 
 generally placed with the front towards the south, on rising ground, a 
 short distance from a spring. They were usually about twenty or 
 twenty-two by thirty feet, with a front and an opposite back door. 
 These doors led into what served as a dining-room, kitchen, etc. The 
 chimney was frequently built on the outside. 
 
 " These buildings of the pioneer settlers were replaced, after the 
 peace of 176.5, by houses with the east end — which experience had 
 taught them was most liable to decay — occupied by a chimney which 
 extended the entire breadth of the house. In one corner of this capa- 
 cious chimney a small window was placed, by the light of which the 
 female members of the household plied the spinning-wheel. The 
 other corner of the chimney served as a convenient place for storing 
 the juvenile portion of the family in the winter evenings. During 
 some researches made uy)wards of thiity years ago, when many of the 
 old buildings were standing, I failed to find any that had been erected 
 during the Revolutionary war. 
 
 " Honeybrook, West Nantmeal, and Wallace, with the exception of 
 a small part of Ihe southeastern portion of Honeybrook, lie in what 
 may be called a valley, bounded on the north and west by the Welsh 
 Mountain, and on the south by the Barren Hill. It exhibits evidence 
 of many of the upheavals and some of the eruptions which have given 
 the surface of the earth its present form. Bowlders of gneiss abound 
 in many places. These geological mile-stones show that the currents 
 of ice which carried them here pursued a southwesterly course. There 
 are also evidences of a current at a later period which passed nearly 
 from north to south, and carried portions of the Welsh Mountain to 
 the Manor meeting- house, Sandy Hill, etc., and piled up at Spring- 
 field and Harmony school-house the ridges which divide the waters 
 that fiow into the Delaware from those that fall into the Susque- 
 hanna. The surface is rolling, the water abundant and generally good, 
 and the land, when properly cultivated, fertile. It is drained, for the 
 most part, by the two branches of the Brandywine and their tribu- 
 taries, and is elevated from three to seven hundred and fifty feet 
 above tide-water. It has always been an unusually healthful section 
 of country, no disease having generally prevailed, except a fever 
 in 1793, which caused the death of many, the typhus fever, which 
 prevailed to a limited extent in 1814, but was singularly fatal, and 
 dysentery in 1815, when a number of children died. Notwithstand- 
 ing the somewhat proverbial longevity of the Friends, there are, I 
 believe, more persons who spent all their lives in this valley, when 
 ages varied from seventy-five to ninety-five years, buried in the 
 graveyards at the Manor than in any other burial-ground in Chester 
 County." 
 
 In 1789, West Nantmeal was divided, and the name of 
 Honeybrook given to the western part. In 1852 the 
 remainder was again divided by a line from a corner of East 
 and West Nantmeal, south 49 degrees west 1306 perches, 
 to a corner of West Nantmeal and Honeybrook, at the in- 
 tersection of the old Furnace road with the turnpike. The 
 southern division was named Springton, but afterwards 
 changed to Wallace. In 1860 the lines between Honey- 
 brook, Wallace, and West Brandywine were changed, and- 
 the southeast corner of Honeybrook and a portion of the 
 western part of Wallace were added to West Brandywine. 
 The territory added to West Brandywine was a part of the, 
 old manor of Springton. The addition to West -Brandy- 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 187 
 
 wine from Honeybrook included the Presbyterian church 
 called Brandywine Manor, but known on the church re- 
 cords as " Forks of Brandywine." East Nantmeal was di- 
 vided in 1842 by the south branch of French Creek, and 
 the northern part called Warwick. 
 
 EAST NANTMEAL TAXABLES, 1753. 
 Samuel flower & Company, Warwick Company, James fislt, Jiimcs 
 fiilmore, Martin Roads, Patrielt Jonson, Jacob Graves, Lewis Wallicr, 
 George Taylor, John Piitriok, Thomas Etherton, John Williams, Wil- 
 liam Brown, Alexander Walker, Henry Owens, David Denny, Benja- 
 min Bartholomew, David beatty, John Rees, Thomas LloyJ, John 
 Marsh, Henry Holin, .Jonathan Wynne, John Gohcen, Edward Owen, 
 Samuel John, Griffith Griffiths, Willinm Kirk, Noah Ahrnham, David 
 Stevens, Abner Evans, Tho« Owins, Evan Griffirh, Abel Griffith, Ma- 
 thias Bird, Phillip Va.'t, John Griffith, John Ewalt, John Sarjent, 
 Evan Williams, David Yarnall, Mordica Ruberts, John Davids, Cor- 
 nelius M'Carty, David Rogers, Stophil Knowcr, David Evnns, Wil- 
 liam Ridge, John finly, John Weaver, James John, John David, Tho^ 
 Jenkins, Michel Boyer, John Pearce, George Reasor, William Thomas, 
 Henry Hockley, William Mills, Arnold Ba^sit, Henry Stork. 
 
 Freemen. — Frederick Penter, Jonathan Colman, Daniel M^'henry, 
 Aquila Jones, John Buff, David Davids, Paul M'Night, William Wil- 
 liams, Jonas Welderible, James Alyson, Alexander Mairs, Hugh Brown, 
 William Denisler, Thos. Worral, James Mchean. 
 
 Snjnunieri. — Robert Ellis, John M^Night, Christian Beek, John 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 James Old, Rutier & Potts, William Sterret, James Henderson, 
 Hugh William, Evan Griffith, Thomas Lloyd, Daniel High, Abner 
 Evans, William James, William Kirk, John Ligat (Liggett?), Jona- 
 than Wynn, William Brown, John Lloyd, Daniel Griffith, John Grif- 
 fith, Branson Vanleer, Robert Stuard, Elihu Evans, James Pugh, 
 William Thomas, Abram Bealy, Jacob High, David High, Benjamin 
 Abram, Michael Boyer, Finchance Beerbower, Borrick Peholt, John 
 Boyer, Andrew Kern, John Nice, Philip Cosmer, Windle Donfelter, 
 Stephen Doughton, William Denison, Theodore Ellis, Christopher 
 Fulker, John Getz, James Guest, Abel Griffith, John Horn, Isaac 
 Jones, Thomas John, John Knauer, Philip Lewis, Jacob Murrey, 
 Henry Moses, Adam Miller, John McKnight, Thomas Meredith, 
 George Price, John Robison, Martin Rhoads, Thomas Rutter, Jacob 
 Shuster, Henry Sheffer, David Steel, David Stephen, John Stephen, 
 Joseph Stephen, John Festick, James Tod, William Temple, Frederick 
 Walleigh, Jacob Wiseberger, Philip Boyer, Alexander MoKee, William 
 Griffith, John Woodrow, Mark Bird, Esq., Peter Kimes, Thomas Bull, 
 Jacob Vance, Peter Moses, Jacob Vinance, Thomas Leighton. 
 
 WEST NANTMEAL TAXABLES, 1753. 
 Arthur Graham, James Davison, Robert Cambel, Joseph Carr, John 
 Gardner, John M^Cool, James Gardner, Jena Brwyn, Edward Neal, 
 James Porter, William Trego, Denis Whelan, William Hilles, Widow 
 Donalson, John Henderson, Francis Gardner, William Dunwoody, 
 James Wilson, William Darlinton, Andrew Roger, Samuel Logan, 
 John Bishop, John Moor, John Pearsal, Jeremiah Pearsel, Jn'., Wil- 
 liam Aston, Robert Steward, John Witljrow, John Murry, Benjamin 
 Abraham, John Hambleton, Sen'., Thomas Keneday, Widdow Dean, 
 Joseph Poke, John Whiggham, Bridget Pearsel, Joseph Trego, Daniel 
 Moor, sen'., Daniel Moor, Robert Gilmor, Alexander M^Clean, John 
 Iddings, James Betty, Samuel M"dulph, Andrew Wilson, William 
 Mackey, Tho" Keneday, John M"feeters, Francis Alexander, Benja- 
 min Abraham, Tho' Boyl, William Erwin, Jacob Cochran, Joseph 
 Carel, Robert Brown, Robert Smith, William Gilkey, John Hamble- 
 ton, Elizabeth Graham, William Graham, John Pearse>, Jn'., Mathew 
 Curry, Jeremiah Pearsel, Samuel Jackson, James Graham, Joseph 
 Scean, William Mackey, John M^farren, George Brown, Michel Gra- 
 ham, John Coop, Robert Lusk, John Hanna, Hugh Wallis, Robert 
 Christy, Robert Matthews, William Cluse, James Creswell, William 
 Waddle, John Dunwoody, Samuel Currathers, Robert Futhey, John 
 Neelands, Thomas Carson, Henry M^heDry, William forgison, John 
 M«Clery, Nathan Evans, Moses Melecan, Thomas Nicolas, Moses 
 Bean, James Moor, Thomas Scoat, Mathew Robison, John Phillips, 
 Henry Idding, James Idding, John Potter, Tho» Alford, Samuel Allen,, 
 David M°Cune, Daniel Henderson, Jacob Cambel, James Scott, Eliza- 
 Ebeth Hot, Alexander Craig, Francis M«Connel, Robert M-'Conahee,^ 
 
 James Nesbit, Charles Brown, John Elliot, James Starred Margaret 
 Elliot, Thomas Brown, John Jack, Thomas Everet, James M^Croskry, 
 Widdow Long, Lodowick Llget, Robert Peckinham. 
 
 Inmates. — Henry Baterton, James Burnside, William Rachford, 
 Nathaniel Kenderson, James Ross, William Bowel, James McGachey, 
 Benjamin Jephrey, John Strang, John Suraerly, Charles McCinly, 
 Charles Ferrin, Peter Hunter, George Hunter. 
 
 Freemen, — Josepli Longhead, William Withrow, William McCuno, 
 Andrew Spenoe, James Biger, Robert Kcrkwond, William Ross, Wil- 
 linm McGahey, Thomas Kilpatrick, Mathew McDougal, Collin Spence, 
 Lawrence Hopkins, James Cambel, George Dougherty, Robert Thom- 
 son, John Mcdogal, George Brwiti, John Darlington, Jarrcp Giirdner, 
 Joseph Moorhead, William Daley, Andrew Steel, John Carel, John 
 Henderson, James Ewing, James Ross, John Biger, John White, 
 George Welsh, James Fitzpatiick, John McCasslcn, Thomas Ross. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 John Hambleton, James Buchanan, John Irwin, George Irwin, 
 Jared Irwin, .Tames Hare, Matthew Buchanan, John Gait, Michael 
 Graham, sr., John Vanlossio, John Carson, Wm. Meredith, Jatncs 
 Graham, sr., Samuel Buchanan, James Graham, jr., James Kean, 
 Jeremiah Piersoll, Michael Graham, Matthew Curry, Andrew Bu- 
 chanan, Nathaniel Porter, William Gibbons, James I-Iambletnn, James 
 Nesbit, Andrew Spence, James Starrctt, Robert McConnaughey, Gain 
 Wallace, Alex'r Craig, Samuel Henderson, William Henderson, Thos. 
 Kennedy, Thos. Alford, John Starrott, Wm. Kennedy, Samuel Thomas, 
 Joseph Trego, James Smith, William Smith, John Aston, Richard 
 Piersoll, AVilliam Gilky, John Jones, Francis Gardner, Edward Spice, 
 Joseph Keere, Hans Henox, Christiiin Coffman, James Keere, Rob't 
 Matthews, Sam'l Christy, Joseph Martin, John Graham (cooper), 
 John Graham, Jacob Coffman, Samnel Cunningham, Robert Lusk, 
 James Hanna, William Trego, Wm. Beale, Wm. Scott, Francis Alex- 
 ander, James Beatty, Samuel Milduff, Isaac Gibson, Joseph Darling- 
 ton, John Strong, Peter Hunter, George Hunter, Joseph Long, Daniel 
 Moore, George Pheale, Wm. Irwin, Leonard Frescoln, Mark Peter, 
 John Iddings, John Moore, Isaac Philips, Christian Tedwaler, James 
 Anderson, William Logan, Wm. Dunwoody, Matthew Robeson, 
 Ephraim Robeson, John Robeson, John Dunwoodie, Archibald 
 Thomson, Robert Liggett, Samuel Caruthers, Wm. Ralston, John 
 Piersall, James Wilson, John Byers, James Moore, Esq., James Mc- 
 Clure, James Templeton, Thomas Miller, Paul McKnight, William 
 Ferguson, Wm. Rogers, James Waddell, John Brown, Robert Carson, 
 Robert Wallace, James McCachren, John Henderson, Benjamin' 
 Jones, Isaac Phipps, John Millison, Joseph Caldwell, Mordeocai 
 Piersall, John Gardner, Jeremiah Evans, .James Evans, Nathaniel 
 Holmes. 
 
 NEW aAEDEN. 
 
 This township was named from New Garden, in tho 
 county Carlow, Ireland. It was included in the survey 
 made in 1700 by Henry HoUingsworth, of 30,000 acres, 
 of which 15,500 were patented to Letitia Penn, as has 
 been shown. The remainder, or 14 500 acres, was patented 
 to William Penn, Jr., May 24, 1706, by the commissioners 
 of property, Edward Shippen, GrifiSth Owen, and Thomas 
 Story, and, like his sister's tract, received the name of the 
 manor of Stenning. The bounds of the manor may be 
 thus described : 
 
 Beginning at a Eickbry tree on the west side of a branch of While 
 Clay Creek, thence east nine hundred and twenty-five perches to a 
 corner of Letitia's manor (Kennett), thence by the same South two 
 thousand three hundred and fourteen perches to another corner, 
 thence West South West nine hundred and thirty perches to White 
 Clay .Creek, West fifty-eight perches, and North by land of the Lon- 
 don Company two thousand six hundred and seventy-four perches, to 
 the place of beginning. 
 
 Thus the township of New Garden, as it was before 
 losing a corner to London Britain, embraced just that part 
 of the manor which lay north of the circular line, being; 
 according. to an early estimate, 8913 acres. Before obtain-; 
 ing the patent William Penn, Jr., had already appointed 
 
188 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Griffith Owen, James Logan, and Robert Ashton as his 
 attorneys, he being about to return to England. The laud 
 was not immediately taken by settlers, but after a few years 
 several families of Friends arrived from Ireland, and, set- 
 tling there, gave the name of New Garden to their new home, 
 in remembrance of that place in Ireland. The first sale of 
 land was, perhaps, in 1708, to Mary Rowland. In 1712, 
 Gayen Miller purchased 700 acres, while in 1713 convey- 
 ances of land were granted to John Miller, James Lindley, 
 John Lowden, James Starr, Michael Lighfoot, William 
 Halliday, Joseph Hutton, Abraham Marshall, and Thomas 
 Jackson; and in 1714 to Thomas Garnett and Joseph 
 Sharp. Some of these, however, had been settled on the 
 land one or two years before getting their titles. The whole 
 amount purchased by the above-named persons was 5413 
 acres, at the price of £20 per hundred, or, according to 
 modern computation, one dollar per acre. 
 
 In 1715, William Penn, Jr., sold what then remained of 
 the manor, except 500 acres, to John Evans, in consequence 
 of which it was sometimes called Col. Evans' Manor. A 
 reconveyance of the greater of this was made before the 
 death of the former, which occurred in 1720, or at least 
 such was said to be the case, although the deed was lost. 
 William Penn, Jr., left three children, Gulielma Maria, 
 Springett, and William, of whom Springett inherited his 
 father's lands in Pennsylvania, but dying unmarried, some 
 years after, was succeeded by his brother William, to whom 
 Evans granted a release or confirmation of title to the 
 manor in 1736. 
 
 In the case of Letitia's Manor the quit-rents were payable 
 to her, but in the brother's they were reserved to his father 
 and his successors, as proprietors of Pennsylvania. They 
 must, however, have remained uncollected for a long time, 
 judging from the following letter to Lynford Lardner, col- 
 lector of quit-rents : 
 
 " Mr. Lardner, — At the request of our good Friend, James Logau, 
 that we would discharge the manor of Steining, in Chester county, 
 which was laid out to our late Brother William Penn, of all the quit- 
 rent due to us to the time he made sale of the samej these are to 
 authorize you to receive from him,, one penny and give him a dis- 
 charge in full of all those rents to the time those lands were sold by 
 our brother or his agents, or to settle the same in any manner he shall 
 judge more proper. 
 
 " I am your affectionate Friend, 
 
 " Thos. Penn. 
 
 " London, June 18th, 1747." 
 
 A draft of the manor, probably made by John Taylor, 
 the surveyor, shows the divisions therein as held by the 
 settlers. The tracts were mostly rectangular. In the 
 northeast corner we find Robert Johnson with 200 acres ; 
 Evan Evans, 500 in northwest corner ; Joseph Sharp, below 
 him on the creek, 200 ; James Lindley, 200, probably 
 owned now by Benjamin Hoopes and others. The re- 
 mainder, north of Toughkenamon Hill, about 1050 acres, 
 was vacant. From the hill a line ran south through the 
 middle of the manor, almost to the circular line. Takina 
 the east side we have, first, Mary Rowland, 700 acres, being 
 all the valley land east of the middle line. Next south of 
 this tract 700 acres more were divided between John 
 Sharp (on the east side), 300 acres; Joseph Sharp, 200; 
 and Thomas Garnett, 300. South of these, on the Kennet 
 
 line, were William Tanner, 200 acres ; James Lowden, 300 ; 
 and Benjamin Fred, 300, the latter touching on the cir- 
 cular lino. Between these and the middle line were 
 Michael Lightfoot, 300 acres ; John Wiley, 200 ; Thomas 
 Jackson, 200 ; (and cootinuing southward) William Halli- 
 day, 200 ; and Abraham Marshall, 200, partly in New 
 Castle County. John Miller's 1013 acres extended from 
 the middle line to Londongrove, and from Toughkenamon 
 Hill almost to the old New Garden meeting-house. Next 
 south of him Joseph Hutton held 250 acres on the west 
 line, and James Starr 350 on the middle line; of 900 acres 
 south of these, Francis Hobson held 200 in the northeast 
 corner, and the remainder was purchased by Gayen Miller. 
 From this southward there was a vacancy ol over 3000 acres. 
 John Evans held 100 acres at the forks of White Clay 
 Creek, now in London Britain. 
 
 In the original survey, in 1700, the surveyor notes that he 
 crossed the Dochcanamon Hill. Other forms of spelling 
 this name were in use one hundred and fifty years ago, 
 such as Tokenamon, Taukenamon, Taughlikenemon. The 
 present spelling is Toughkenamon. It is of Indian origin, 
 and is said to signify " Fire-brand hill." 
 
 Thomas and Mary Rowland settled in the valley, near 
 the present village of Toughkenamon, in 1706, being per- 
 haps the first settlers who purchased lands in the township. 
 They came to New Garden from Ashton township, in (now) 
 Delaware County. 
 
 John Lowden, a noted minister in the Society of Friends, 
 is supposed to have suggested the name, in remembrance of 
 his former home. He had been a member of New Garden 
 Meeting, in the county of Carlow, Ireland. 
 
 John Miller built a mill on White Clay Creek, which 
 did the grinding for the inhabitants many miles around, 
 even, it is said, as far as Lancaster. The first settlers 
 of this township are said to have divided their farms by 
 ditches to prevent the ravages of the Indian fires. Traces 
 of some of these ditches were visible a few years ago. 
 
 In 1714, John Rentfro was constable for New Garden, 
 but probably resided in what is now Londongrove, which 
 was assessed with New Garden until 1723. Some of ihe 
 settlers in what is London Britain were taxed as " inhabit- 
 ants adjacent to New Garden" for some years prior to 
 1723. The following is the assessment of 1715 : 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 Mary Miller 9 
 
 Evan Powell 10 8 
 
 Nathaniel Richards 2 3 
 
 Michel Lightfoot 2 
 
 William Holeday 2 7 
 
 Margret Lowden 2 
 
 James Linley 4 6 
 
 Thomas Jackson 3 
 
 James Starr 3 
 
 ffranois llobson 2 
 
 Joseph Garnet 2 
 
 Kiehd Tranter 1 6 
 
 Robert Johnson 2 
 
 John Sharp 3 
 
 Joseph Hollen 2 
 
 Joseph Sharp 2 
 
 John Willey 2 
 
 Thomas Garnet 3 
 
 Benjamin ffred 2 
 
 William Taner 1 
 
 John Renfroe 2 
 
 Stephen Naylcs 1 
 
 Tot , 
 
 3 7 2 
 
 In 1722 the number had increased very much, as will be 
 seen by the following list : 
 
 Miohal Lightfoot, John Houlston, W"> Roe, W" Roan, John Dev- 
 onald, Tho. Morris, Richard Whiting, John Jones, Thomas Evans, 
 Samuel Evans, Owen Thomas, W™ Wright, Neal Gray, Gabriel Alex- 
 ander, Robert Smith, Robert Fenny, John Cook, W™ Reynolds, Thomas 
 John, James Moor, Alexander Moor, Patrick Moor, W™ Field, Sam- 
 uel Steel, James Daniel, W" Bawhonam, Andrew Steel, John Mount- 
 gomery, Henry Small, Thomas Black, James Mackanliss, Thomas 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 189 
 
 Cook, Joseph MMly, John Sharp, John Benttroe, John Wiokershara, 
 Joseph Mercer, Daniel Hftmond, Yesta Cox, James Cole, Richard 
 Bennet, Israel Robinson, W"> Robb, Thomas Cox, Richard Cox, George 
 Hodgin, Thomas Underwood, Samuel Kirk, Alexander Underwood, 
 Joseph Jackson, Thomas Speakman, John Cook, Peter Cook, John 
 Jackson, Francis Swain, John Finoher, Daniel Macklister, Jonathan 
 Fincher, Robert Lambourn, Edward Stroud, W™ Pusey, W" Chand- 
 ler, James Johnson, Richard Tranter, Nathan Dix, Joseph Sharp, 
 Shadrack Scarlott, Moses Starr, John Caine, Francis Hobson, John 
 Allen, John Todd, W" Hollyday, John Cox, Robert Johnson, Jere- 
 miah Starr, Thomas Jackson, Joseph Miller, James Lyndley, Thomas 
 Lightfoot, Benjamin Fredd, James Starr, Nathan Richards, Joseph 
 Button, Joseph Hedge, James Todd, Stephen Aile, W™ Miller, James 
 Miller, Isaac Starr, Nehemiah Button, Evan Powel. 
 
 " The inhabitants adjacent, belonging to New Garden :" 
 
 John Evans, Jenkin John, W™ Gallasby, Daniel Magill, Abraham 
 Emelt, Aaron Price, Josiah Emett, Robert Beser, Tho. Caldwel, W" 
 Emett, Abraham Emett, J"', John Beteye, Hugh Weret, David W™', 
 Tho. Price, David Evans, Daniell Mackconnell, John Tomson, Thomas 
 Hughes, Joshua Johnston. 
 
 Under the head of non-resident land, Fagg's Manor of 
 5000 acres was included, with other lands to the westward 
 of Londongrove. 
 
 In 1724 the number of taxables was reduced to twenty- 
 five, being restricted to the township proper. 
 
 TAXABLES IN 1753. 
 
 W" Miller, mill, Jane Jenkins, Jacob Howel, Jas. Miller, Jun', 
 Saml. Miller, Mathew McConnel, Robt. Balliday, W"» Miller, Blind, 
 William Rowen, Jos. Fred, Thos. Button, Jos. Dixon, W™ Rowe, 
 Fran' Hobson, Isaac Clendeoen, Stephen Mcfarson, Jane Miller, 
 James Miller, Jas. Cerson, John Sharp, John Backet, John Burford, 
 John Miller, Nath' Scarlet, W" Richards, Nath' Ring, John Martin, 
 Nathl Richards, Isaac Richards, Margret Carpenter, Isaac Miller, 
 John. Dixon, Jacob John, Con. Ryan, Addam Smith, John Starr, Jas. 
 Wilson, W"> Graham, Jas. Leech, Barny Feagon, W" Jackson, John 
 Wilson, Thos. Barvey, Robert Boyce, Benj" Button, Edw* Mulligan, 
 Banco Cominger, W™ Griffith, John Ross, Tho» Coffee, Nehemiah 
 Button, Jas. Milhous, Abra™ Stroud, Robt. Walker, Sam' Gamble, 
 Jas. Ellis. 
 
 Freemen. — Richard McGIaugtlin, Hugh Leech, W°> Wilkinson, 
 Timothy Mahanee. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 
 Isaac Allen, Benjamin Allen, Stephen Anderson, Thomas Barrett, 
 George Chandler, William Dixon, Henry Dixon, John Elliott, Enoch 
 Gregg, Hannah Burford, Samuel Burford, Joseph Burford, Thomas 
 Button, Benjamin Button, Joseph Button, James Hall, Charles Hall, 
 David Hoopes, Joseph Hobson, Thomas Hanaway, John Hackef, 
 Jonathan Johnston, Isaac Jackson, Sr., Isaac Jackson, Jr., William 
 Knight, Jacob Lindley, William Miller, James Miller, Samuel Miller, 
 John Miller, Jesse Miller, Joseph Miller, 'Samuel Moore, Matthew 
 MoConnell, Andrew Mclntire, John Milhous, James Milhous, Mat- 
 thew Ogletree, Thomas Parker, James Pile, Joshua Proctor, Samuel 
 Riddle, William Rowe, James Rowen, Moses Rowen, Isaac Richards, 
 Nathaniel Richards, Nathaniel Scarlet, John Scarlet, George Sharp, 
 Benjamin Sharp, John Taylor, Ambrose Taylor, Samuel Sharp. 
 
 NEWLIN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 William Penn, on the 22d and 23d of March, 1681, by 
 deed of lease and release, granted to Nicholas Moore, James 
 Claypoole, Philip Ford, William Sharloe, Edward Pierce, 
 John Simcock, Thomas Bracey, Thomas Barker, and Ed- 
 ward Brooks, in trust for the Free Society of Traders in 
 Pennsylvania, 20,000 acres of land, and lots in Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 On the 20th of 7th month (September), 168S, by vir- 
 tue of a warrant from the commissioners of property, 
 dated the 1st of 4th month (June), 1688, there was sur- 
 veyed and laid out unto Benjamin Chambers, president of 
 
 the said Free Society of Traders, for the use of said soci- 
 ety, 7100 acres of land in Chester County, — part of the 
 said 20,000 acres, — beginning at a corner post of Benjamin 
 Chambers' land ; thence south 800 perches to a corner post 
 of Bland's land ; thence W. N. W. 1710 perches to a cor- 
 ner post, N. N. E., by a line of trees, 730 perches ; thence 
 E. S. E., by a line of trees, 1403 perches to the place of 
 beginning. Eeturned, according to the aforesaid survey 
 and bounds, into the proprietary's secretary's office the 23d 
 of the 8th month, 1688. 
 
 On the 10th of June, 1724, the Free Society of Traders, 
 by its trustees, Charles Read, Job Goodsonn, Evan Owen, 
 George Fitzwater, and Joseph Pidgeon, conveyed the above- 
 mentioned tract of 7100 acres to Nathaniel Ncwlin, in con- 
 sideration of £800, current money of Pennsylvania. Thus 
 Nathaniel Newlin became the owner of the tract which 
 afterwards constituted the township bearing his name. 
 
 The tract was resurveyed in October, 1724, and was 
 found to contain 7700 acres instead of 7100 acres. Tho 
 lines were by this resurvey of the following lengths : the 
 east line of 835 perches, the south line 1759 perches, the 
 west line 771 perches, and the north line 1440 pewhes. 
 On the east it was bounded by lands of Abraham Marshall 
 and Mordecai Cloud, — portions of which are still in the 
 hands of their descendants, — on the south by Marlborough 
 township, north by Bradford township, and west by vacant 
 lands. 
 
 Nathaniel Newlin, after the purchase of this tract, en- 
 tered into negotiations for the sale of portions of it, and 
 granted warrants, of which the following is an example: 
 
 " Upon an agreement made with William Dean, of the county of 
 Chester, yeoman, for a certain parcel of land, lying in ye southeast 
 corner of ye tract of land in ye said county, called the Society tract, 
 for which he agrees to pay to my use tho sum of thirty pounds for one 
 hundred acres, and so proportionably for ye odd measure, on or before 
 the 25th day of March next, and the yearly quit rent of one shilling 
 sterling per hundred, and so proportionably for a lesser quantity : 
 
 " These are to authorize and require thee to survey to the said Wil- 
 liam Dean, the said parcel of land by regular courses, and make return 
 thereof to me in order to a further confirmation. Which survey, in 
 case the said William Dean fulfil the above agreement shall be valid, 
 otherwise the same is to be void, as if it had never been made, or this 
 warrant ever granted. Given under my hand and seal, the 30th day 
 of October, 1724. 
 
 " Natha : Newlin. 
 
 " To John Taylor, Surveyor." 
 
 The following is an account of the portions of this tract 
 sold by Nathaniel Newlin, the prices at which they were 
 sold, and the names of the purchasers : 
 
 George Barlan, 169 acres for £50 148. ; Stephen Harlan, 20i acres 
 for £20 10s. ; Joseph English, 200 acres for £30 ; Mordecai Cloud, 326 
 acres for £97 16». ; Abraham Marshall, 120 acres for £36; Joel Baily, 
 228 acres for £68 8s.; William Dean, 124 acres for £37 4«.; George 
 Lashly, 75 acres for £22 IDs.; and Ralph Thompson 75 acres for £19 
 19«. 9d., a total of 1337 acres for £383. In addition to the moneys 
 paid for the lands, the conveyances contained a reservation of a quit- 
 rent of one English shilling per 100 acres, " or the value thereof in coyn 
 current here," payable yearly to Nathaniel Newlin, his heirs or assigns. 
 
 Nathaniel Newlin died in 1729, intestate, leaving three 
 sons — Nicholas, Nathaniel, and John — and three daughters, 
 — Jemima, the wife of Richard Eavenson, Kezia, the wife 
 of William Baily, and Mary, the wife of Richard Clayton, 
 — and also four grandchildren, the children of his daughter 
 Elizabeth, who had married Ellis Le.wis and was deceased. 
 
190 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA; 
 
 viz., Robert Mary, Nathaniel, and Ellis.* He owned at the 
 time of his death the following lands : a messuage and 
 tract of 500 acres in Concord, one other messuage and 33 
 acres in Concord, a messuage and 62 acres in Birmingham, 
 a tract of 460 acres in Marlborough, a tract of 250 acres 
 in Londongrove, and the remainder of the tract on the 
 west branch of Brandywine, containing about 6338 acres. 
 
 After his death partition was made of some of the lands 
 of which he had thus died seized among his descendants, 
 in manner following : 
 
 To Nicholas Newlin the messaage anil tract of 500 acres in 
 Concord. 
 
 To John Newlin the messuage and 62 acres in Birmiagham, and 
 also 946 acres of the tract on Brandywine (in two parcels). 
 
 To Nathaniel Newlin (in two parcels) 1620 acres of the tract on 
 Brandywine. 
 
 To Jemima, wife of Richard Eavenson, 9T.3 acres (in two parcels) 
 of the tract on Brandywine. 
 
 To Kezia, wife of William Bailey, 375 acres in Marlborough, and 
 also 851 acres (in two parcels) of the tract on Brandywine. 
 
 To Mary, wife of Richard. Clayton, the other messuage and HS acres 
 in Concord, with 895 acres (in two parcels) of the tract on Brandywine. 
 
 To the children of Elizabeth Lewis 113.S acres (in three parcels) of 
 the tract on Brandywine. 
 
 line of Abraham Marshall's land. The consideration given 
 was £100. Of this sum, £73 was then paid, and the 
 remainder at a subsequent date, when a deed was executed. 
 This rock in the line of Abraham Marshall's land was also 
 in the line of the Society tract purchased by Nathaniel 
 Newlin. 
 
 The Indians had a town or village a short distance west 
 of this line, on the north side of the Brandywine, on the 
 tract purchased by Newlin, and on that portion of it now 
 owned and occupied by Lewis Marshall. It was on this 
 spot that Indian Hannah, the last of her race in Chester 
 County, dwelt for many years. 
 
 Nathaniel Newlin, soon after this purchase, commenced 
 disposing of portions of his lands. Within six months he 
 had issued warrants for some nine parcels, generally vary- 
 ing in size from 150 to 300 acres, some of which were 
 located on the creek. 
 
 A diflBculty at once arose with the Indians. Their rights 
 had only been extinguished to the rock in the western line 
 of Abraham Marshall's lands, and they claimed that they 
 were still the owners of one mile wide on each side of the 
 
 NEWLIN TOWNSHIP AS DIVIDED APKIL, 1730. 
 
 In the formation of Pocopson township, over 300 acres 
 were taken from the southeast corner of Newlin and in- 
 cluded in the new township. Tlie portion thus included 
 embraced the above-mentioned tract, originally conveyed 
 to William Dean, and portions of the tracts of Mordecai 
 Cloud and of (he children of Ellis Lewis. 
 
 The name of this township is almost universally pro- 
 nounced in this county as if written New Lin. This is 
 erroneous. It should be pronounced with the accent on 
 the first syllable, — New'lin. The incorrect pronunciation, 
 however, is so fixed in the minds of the people that it will 
 most likely continue to be used. 
 
 After William Penn had purchased from the Indians all 
 the land in Chester County, he reconveyed to them a mile 
 in width on each side of the Brandywine, from its mouth 
 up the west branch to its head, — at least they afterwards 
 claimed that he did, — but the writing was accidentally de- 
 stroyed. In 1706 the commissioners of property, at the 
 request of the inhabitants on Brandywine, purchased from 
 the Indians their claim to these lands, from the mouth of 
 the creek up to a certain rock in the west branch, in the 
 
 creek, from that rock up to its source, and that Newlin had 
 no right to sell any of their lands, or to interfere with their 
 rii^hts in any way. No attention seems to have been 
 given by Newlin, or the purchasers from him, to these 
 claims. 
 
 At the next session of the Provincial Assembly, held at 
 Philadelphia in the summer of 1725, the Indian chief 
 Checochinican and others complained of the encroachments 
 on their lands and obstructions in the creek by dams, and 
 were heard by the Assembly. The account of this inter- 
 view and the proceedings thereon, in the minutes of the 
 Assembly, is so interesting we will give it in the language 
 of the minutes themselves : 
 
 " 13th of 6 mo., 1725. The Petition of divers inhabitants of the 
 city of Philadelphia, getting forth that the Proprietary having pur- 
 chased of the Natives all the lands within certain bounds; and that 
 the proprietary did afterwards release back to some of the said Native* 
 a certain tract of laud upon Brandywine, which said land is lately 
 taken up and settled, to the great disturbance of said Natives, and 
 praying that this House would take the same into their consideration ; 
 was read and ordered to be considered this afternoon. 
 
 "Then the House was given to understand that the Heads of the 
 said Indian complainants desire to attend the Hptiae in person, to set^ 
 
RESIDENCE OF DR ROBERT L MoCLELLAN, COCHRANVILLE 
 
 "WOODLAND." 
 RESIDENCE OF JAMES BARNARD, WEST MARLBOROUGH. 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 191 
 
 forth their aggricvanoes. Ordered, thnt they wait on the House at 
 three o'olools this afternoon with their Interpreters. 
 " 3' P. M., the House met : 
 
 " The Indians ordered to attend this afternoon, waited at the door 
 desiring to be heard. Then chairs being placed for them, they were 
 called in, and the Speaker, on behalf of the House, said : ' The House 
 has had information that you have been with the Governor and Com- 
 missioners already. Have you received satisfaction?' 
 " Indiana (by interpreter.) — ' We have not.' 
 
 " Speaker. — ' AVhat is it then, that you have to offer to the House ?' 
 "Indians. — 'When William Penn came to this country, he settled 
 a perpetual friendship with us, and after we sold him our country, he 
 reoonveyed back a certain tract of land upon Brandywine, for a milft 
 on each side of said creek, which writing was, by the burning of a 
 cabin, destroyed ; but we all remember very well the contents thereof : 
 That Wm. Penn promised that we should not be mblested whilst 
 one Indian lived, grew old and blind, and died — so another, to the 
 third generation J that is the way of expressing it — from generation 
 to generation ; and now it is not half the age of an old man since, and 
 we are molested, and our lands surveyed out and settled before we can 
 reap our corn off; and to our great injury, Brandywine creek is so 
 obstracted with dams, that the fish cannot come up to our habitations. 
 We desire you to take notice that we are a poor people, and want the 
 benefit of the fish, for when we are out hunting, our children with 
 their bows and arrows used to get fish for their sustenance, therefore, 
 we desire that these dams be removed, that the fish may have their 
 natural course.' 
 
 " Speaker. — 'How did you understand that writing to be? That 
 you should enjoy that land forever ?' 
 
 " ludlana. — ' Not only we, but all the Indians understood it to be 
 theirs as loug as the water ran down that creek.' 
 " Speaker. — ' Have you anj thing more to say ?' 
 " Indiana. — ' No, but if you hear us not, we shall be obliged to come 
 again next spring.' 
 
 " Speaker. — ' The House is inclined to do you all the favor which lies 
 in their power.' 
 
 "Indiana. — 'Wc hone we are all friend?, and desire to continue so, 
 as long as we draw breath.' 
 
 " Then the Indians withdrew, and after some debate it was ordered 
 that Francis Rawle, John Kearsley, and John Swift, go to James Lo- 
 gan, one of the Commissioners of Property, and inform him of the sub- 
 stance of the said petition, and matter complained of by the Indians; 
 who being returned report that the said commissioner shows a very 
 hearty inclination to accommodate the afi'air with the Indians, and 
 although their right does not appear so clear yet they are possessed 
 of such strong notions of it, that their is no divesting them of it; 
 and, therefore, he is ready to do what he can to quiet their com- 
 plaints, by granting the person who possesses the said lands, other 
 lands in the stead thereof. 
 
 " Ordered, That Francis Kawle and John Kearsley draw up an ad- 
 dress to the Governor, on behalf of the Indians. Adjourned. 
 " 6th month 14th, 1725. The House met, etc. 
 "Then the members appointed yesterday in the afternoon, to draw 
 up an address to the Governor, on behalf of the Indians, brought in 
 the same, which was read and agreed to. Ordered, That the same 
 be transcribed, dnd then the house adjourned to two p.m. 
 " Two o'clock P.M. The House met, etc. 
 
 "The address to the Governor on behalf of the Indians, according 
 to order, being transcribed, is as follows, viz. . 'The Address of the 
 Representatives of the said Province, in General Assembly met: 
 May it please the Governor, As next to Divine Providence, the peace, 
 happiness, and qtiietness which this Province first enjoyed, was 
 owing to the wise conduct of the Hon. William Penn, our Proprie- 
 tary and Governor, by procuring a good friendship betwixt him and 
 the native Indians at his first arrival here, so by diligent care in cul- 
 tivating and preserving the like friendship, the great happiness of 
 peace has been hitherto enjoyed amongst us, when divers of the 
 neighboring colonies have been obnoxious to the insults of the bar- 
 barous Indians, to the great; damage of their countries; and as the 
 Governor's care and indefatigable pains upon all occasions, has been 
 very conspicious to that good end, this House do address themselves 
 on an unhappy dissatisfaction some Indians are under (who have 
 always lived very peaceable with the inhabitants of this province), 
 from an opinion that they are likely to be dispossessed of some lands 
 they had long lived on and enjoyed on the river Brandywine, as also 
 
 for being deprived of the benefit of fishin g on the said river ; all which 
 they have by personal complaint laid before this House, And the 
 House having taken into serious consideration the fatal consequence 
 it may be to the peace of this Province, represented the same to James 
 Logan, one of the Commissioners of Property, who has given the 
 House ample satisfaction of his intentions to accommodate the differ- 
 ence with the said Indians. And we are fully satisfied (were it not 
 for a purchase made of some part of those lands by Nathaniel Newlin, 
 and his too wilful resolution to hold and settle the same), this part of 
 this difference relating to the pretended encroachments on their lands 
 would be immediately silenced. And notwithstanding this obstacle, 
 we have reason to believe that Nathaniel Newlin will, in a very short 
 time, become sensible, that it will be as much to his own private in- 
 terest as of the Province in general, to be more condescending in this 
 affair. 
 
 " ' But, whereas, there arc dams or wares which do obstruct the pas- 
 sing up of fish to the place where the said Indians are settled, with- 
 out the verge of this Government, this House doth humbly request 
 the Governor, that he will be pleased to exert his authority, in such 
 manner as he shall think proper, for quieting and satisfying the said 
 Indians, and preserving the ancient friendship between them and the 
 inhabitants of this Province; and herein we also have that confidence 
 as to hope that the Government of Newcastle, Kent, and Sussex, will 
 so far think it conducive to their peace and quiet, that they will not 
 fail to do what is necessary on their part, for the full settling and 
 composing this dissatisfaction. 
 
 " 'Signed by order of the House, "'William Biles, 
 
 "'August 14th, 1725. Speaker.' 
 
 " Ordered, That Thomas Chandler and Elisha Gatchell present the 
 same to the Governor; who return and report that they had delivered 
 the said address according to order, and that the Governor perused 
 the same, and said he was entirely of the opinion of the House, and 
 that he and his Council would use their utmost endeavors to satisfy 
 these Indians, and that he was going down to New Castle, where he 
 would order the persons concerned to move those dams complained of, 
 which if they did not do, he would give orders to the King's attorney 
 to prosecute them, and oblige them thereto, by due process of law.'' 
 
 No further proceedings were had at that session of the 
 Assembly in relation to the complaints of the Indians. 
 
 The claims of the Indians were not adjusted to their 
 satisfaction, and at the next session of the Assembly, in 
 the sprinj; of 1726, they again sought an interview and 
 renewed their complaints, when the following proceedings 
 took place : 
 
 " 3d month 31st, 1726, the House met, etc. 
 
 " The Indians (who claim certain rights on Brandywine Creek) came 
 to wait upon the House, and by a member sent in a paper they re- 
 ceived from James Logan, and likewise a message that they were not 
 satisfied therewith, and therefore made- further application to this 
 House for redress, which paper being read, the House went into a de- 
 bate thereon, and after some time referred the further consideration 
 thereof till to-morrow, and then the House adjourned till to-morrow 
 morning at nine o'clock. 
 
 "4th month 1st, 1726, 9 A.M., the House met, etc. 
 
 " The House proceeded further on the consideration of the affair 
 relative to the Indians. 
 
 "Ordered, That Evan Owen go to the commissioners of property 
 and desire some of them to attend, in order to inform the House what 
 progress hath been made with Nathaniel Newlin towards an accom- 
 modation ; who riturned and reported that ho spoke with James Lo- 
 gan, one of the commissioners of property, according to order, and 
 that he was ready to attend the House in order to acquaint them what 
 had been done in that affair; who, being called in, produced an Indian 
 deed, dated 1685, signed by thirteen Indian kings, which conveys all 
 the lands from Duck Creek to Upland Creek, aliaa Chester Creek, and 
 as far back as a man could ride on horseback in two days; and says 
 he finds no footsteps of any reconveyance, neither in the land-office 
 nor upon record, but that in 1705 the Indians laid claim to all tho 
 lands from the mouth of Brandywine up tho West Branch to the head, 
 in breadth a mile on each side of that branch ; and afterwards the 
 commissioners of property purchased of the Indians all tho lands from 
 
192 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 the mouth of Brandywine up to a certain rock by Abraham Mar- 
 shall's land for the sum of one hundred pounds, seventy-three pounds 
 and eight shillings of which was then paid to their chiefs, and the 
 remainder they paid yesterday, and the chiefs of the Indians signed 
 a release, but said they wanted some instrument given to them that 
 they might know what was theirs and be secure in it. But the com- 
 missioners told them it was not at this time in their power to make 
 them any grant of the said lands, but that they should not be dis- 
 turbed in their quiet possession thereof, neither by Nnthaniel Newlin 
 nor by any other person. That the commissioners had told Nathaniel 
 Newlin that it was in vain for him to pretend to that land, let the dis- 
 appointment be what it would, so long as the Indians laid claim to the 
 same, and would continue upon it; that after the Indians came up 
 last year, and made the complaint, and a reconveyance was generally 
 reported to have been given to the Indians, he went down to Chester 
 and took certificates of all those who were reported to have seen and 
 known of such a writing; which certificates being produced, and read 
 in the House, none of which did amount to any certainty what that 
 writing did contain ; but since the Indians had an imperfect idea 
 of it, and a strong resolution to hold it, the commissioners used such 
 means as they thought most likely to satisfy them, and continue them 
 in the quiet possession of their claims, and for that end said they had 
 agreed and aceommodnted the matter with Nathaniel Newlin, as far 
 as was in their power to do at present ; and then withdrew. 
 
 "Then the House, after some debate, was of opinion that Nathaniel 
 Newlin be sent for, to give some further assurance than what is done 
 by the paper delivered yesterday that he will not molest the said 
 Indians in their claims. 
 
 "Ordered, That John Wright send a letter that the House require 
 his attendance to-morrow morning, and then the House adjourned 
 till 3 P.M. 
 
 " 3 P.M. The House met, etc. John Wright reported that he had 
 sent a letter to Nathaniel Newlin, according to the order of the House. 
 Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. 
 
 "4th month 2d. The House met, etc. Adjourned till 3 p.m. 
 
 "3 P.M. The House met. Nathaniel Newlin not attending ac- 
 cording to the expectation of the House, after some debate, a motion 
 was made and the question put, that if Nathaniel Newlin come not 
 to town this evening he be sent for by the sergeant-at-arms, and that 
 an order be forthwith issued under the Speaker's hand, and the ser- 
 geant be dispatched therewith this evening. Carried in the affirmative. 
 Adjourned till 9 a.m. 
 
 "i mo. 3d, 9 A.M. The House met. The Sergeant-at-Arms re- 
 ports that Nathaniel Newlin came to town last evening, and will at- 
 tend the House this morning. 
 
 "The House being informed that Nathaniel Newlin attended, he 
 was called in, and said that he expected the value, and not the quan- 
 tity only of land, in lieu of that the Indians claimed of his; and that 
 he was to meet the Commissioners of Property this afternoon, and 
 then doubted not but they should settle that afiiiir to the satisfaction 
 of the House, and withdrew, and then the House adjourned till three 
 o'clock this afternoon. 
 
 "3 P.M. The House met, etc., Nathaniel Newlin attended, and 
 being called in, delivered on the table a paper subscribed witb his 
 hand, which being read, doth declare and promise that neither he 
 nor his heirs will, by any means, disturb or molest the Indians in 
 their possessions or claims. Then, after some debate thereon, it was 
 
 " Ueeohed, That tiie Indians be sent for, and the contents of the 
 said paper be explained to them, and inquiry made whether it be 
 satisfactory to them. 
 
 " Ordered, That John Wright and Samuel Hollingsworth acquaint 
 them thereof, that they may attend forthwith; who return and report 
 that they have been with the Indians, and that they are now attending 
 with their interpreters; who being called in, the said paper was ex- 
 plained to them by the interpreters ; and they declared that they 
 were well satisfied therewith, and they desired that the said paper 
 might remain among the records of this house, and a copy thereof be 
 given to them. 
 
 " Ordered^ That a copy be made out accordingly, and signed by the 
 Speaker, and delivered to them, and the original lodged in the House 
 which was done accordingly. 
 
 "And the Indians further said that they had been very much dis- 
 turbed in their minds, but that now they were perfectly easy, since 
 they found that this House would stand by them and see them 
 righted. 
 
 "Then Nathaniel Newlin was called in, and acknowledged the said 
 writing to them ; so they shook hands together, and parted fully re- 
 conciled, and then the House adjourned." 
 
 What recompense was made to Nathaniel NewKn by the 
 commissioners of property for his promise " that neither 
 he or his heirs would by any means disturb or molest the 
 Indians in their possession or claims'' does not appear. 
 
 In 1729 the chief Checochinican, on behalf of his peo- 
 ple, sent to the Governor a letter, wherein he complained 
 that, notwithstanding the promise made by Nathaniel New- 
 lin in 1726, that they should not be disturbed in the free 
 and peaceable enjoyment of their lands on Brandywine, 
 yet that, contrary thereto, some of these lands had been 
 sold, and they had been forbidden even to make use of tim- 
 ber growing thereon for the purpose of building cabins. 
 He also complained that the town at the head of the 
 Brandywine was surveyed to one James Gibbons, who said 
 that he had an assurance of a conveyance from the com- 
 missioners of property, although James Logan had prom- 
 ised the Indians that no person should have a conveyance 
 of lands within their claims. 
 
 What action, if any, was taken upon the complaint does 
 not appear. The settlement of the lands on Brandywine 
 does not seem to have been much retarded, as soon after 
 the death of Nathaniel Newlin, which occurred in 1729, 
 the remainder of his tract purchased from the Society of 
 Free Traders was divided among his children, and doubtless 
 soon occupied by purchasers. 
 
 The Indian town at the head of Brandywine, mentioned 
 in the letter of Checochinican, is supposed to have been 
 situated about where the " Indiantown School-house" now 
 stands, in Wallace township. 
 
 Not many years after the foregoing occurrences the 
 greater part of the Indians removed from the county, and 
 all trouble growing out of their claims ceased. 
 
 In connection with this affair, it may be mentioned that 
 a bill was brought into the Assembly by Silas Prior and 
 Ezekiel Harlan for their services as interpreters for the 
 Indians on their visit to Philadelphia. The Assembly al- 
 lowed a part of their charge, but censured them for assum- 
 ing to act without authority. 
 
 Up to about the year 1738 the settlers here were as- 
 sessed as of Marlborough or Bradford, according as they 
 were on the north or south side of the Brandywine. In 
 1739 we find the " Society rate" in the assessment, and in 
 February, 1740-1, the inhabitants petitioned to be formed 
 into a township. This was granted, and the township 
 named Newlin. It was, however, frequently written New- 
 linton. 
 
 TAXABLES MENTIONED IN "SOCIETY RATE," 1739. 
 
 Mordicay Cloud, Rich* Barnatt, Philip Taylor, Anthony Baldwin, 
 Tho» Stubbs, James Shilds, John Harlan, George Bayley, George 
 Pircc, John Standson, Robert Chaffin, John Bentle, Tho" Willson, 
 H" Wickerson, Moses Pyle, W"" Nicholas, Tho Smith, Magnes State, 
 Dani ffew, David EakhoofF, Joel Cloud, George Ligget, W"" Littler, 
 James Ligget, Robert Clark, John Withers, Jn" ffilson, Robert ffilson, 
 Sam' ffilson, Jr., Widdow fflemin, Tho' Price, George Jeffrey, Rich' 
 Woodward, W^ Bemount, Isaac few, Robert Cole, George Rego, Boul- 
 tus Miller, John Bayle, Guston Gurman, Rich* Reynolds, Robert 
 AVillson, John Bradley, John Lard, Robert Thornbery. 
 
 fieemen. — Job Moor, Stephen White, W" Mansell. 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 193 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 
 Thomas Buffington, William Wiekersham, James Smith, Charles 
 Wilson, Jesse Taylor, John Buller, George Pierce, Thomas Baldwin, 
 Thomas Wilson, Joseph Pierce, James Shields, William Nichols, Isaac 
 Trimble, Mordeoai Hayes, Richard Bernard, Job Pyle, Joseph Hnyes, 
 Joel Harlan, William Wiekersham, Jr., Peter Wiekersham, Caleb 
 Hayes, John Buily, Henry Hayes, Thomas Shoot, David Eckhoff, 
 William Eckhoff, John MoGuire, Samuel Bailey, AVilliam Adkins, 
 Jesse Bently, Robert Chalfant, William Hannah, Robert Cowan, David 
 Drenon, James Porter, Thomas Baldwin (tailor), Bbenezer Spikeman 
 (Speakman ?), John Smith, Joseph Smith, Mary Shield. 
 
 NEW LONDON. 
 
 The township of Now London, as well as Loudongrove 
 and London Britain, were doubtless so named because they 
 were formed wholly or in part from the lands belonging to 
 the London Company. 
 
 About the yesir 1704 some surveys were made to the 
 westward of the London Tract for two or three persons, 
 of whom Abraham Emmit was probably one. He pur- 
 chased about a square mile of land, and had a mill on Elk 
 Creek, which must have been one of the first in that neigh- 
 borhood. Five hundred acres on the north side of this was 
 surveyed for Robert Assheton. In 1714 a tract of 900 
 acres was surveyed for Michael Harlan, at Thunder Hill, 
 •afterwards owned by Robert Finney. While the line be- 
 tween the provinces remained unsettled, the Maryland sur- 
 veyors frequently came into Chester County and laid out 
 land for persons who claimed to be under the government 
 of Maryland, and obtained patents therefroin for the same. 
 This was the case with the Pleasant Garden tract of 740 
 acres, though called 660 in the patent to Robert Hodgson. 
 This was partly in Nottingham (uow Elk) township, but 
 mostly in New London, and lay nearly south of the 
 Thunder Hill tract which joined it. Phineas Hodgson, 
 a son of Robert, obtained about 400 acres of it, and 
 this was divided between his sons, Robert, John, and 
 Abel, in 1771. John Scott and John Mackey also became 
 the owners of parts of the original tract. In 1720 several 
 surveys were made for the settlers in the northeast part of 
 New London, viz. : for Jeremiah Starr, 450 acres in the 
 corner next to Londongrove, and south of this came Francis, 
 Alexander, James, and Patrick Moore, with 200 acres each ; 
 to the south of these, Susanna McCane obtained 300, 
 William Reynolds 100, and Gabriel Alexander 100 acres. 
 Some of these are now in Franklin township. In 1721 
 surveys were made for Thomas John, 150 acres, and Samuel 
 Steel, 200. The last became the property of Francis Alison, 
 and is supposed to include the site of New London village. 
 In the central parts of the township laqds were settled by 
 .Alexander Johnston, Hugh Cook, Roger Cook, and John 
 Cook. A little east of the Pleasant Garden tract was one 
 of 100 acres, also held by patent from Maryland, called 
 "Partners' Parcels." It belonged to the HoUingsworths, 
 and by them was sold to Thomas Caldwell. In the northern 
 part Samuel Campbell, James Shaw, Robert Mackey, 
 Robert Finney, John Morrison, and others held land. The 
 possessions of Susanna McCane were on the road leading 
 from New London to Kimbleville, about where it crosses 
 .the line. of Fraukjin township. She was the grandmother 
 of Governor. McKean, of this State. 
 25 
 
 The following correspondence is here offered as relating 
 to land in this township : 
 
 "Philad'ia, 8th 12 mo., 1719-20. 
 "LoviNO Fkiend, Isaac Taylor. 
 
 " Thou wilt be as much tired perhaps with my letters as I am with 
 the applications that occiisiun them. This comes by one Rcnnalds, who, 
 coming in above two years ago, ventured (as be say.s by the advice of 
 others) to sitt down and build on some land to the westward of the 
 London Tract, which some tell him is vacant and others that it was 
 surveyed to a merchant in London, Sir John Sweetapple. by H. Hol- 
 lingsworlh about 17 or 18 years ngoe. If it bo surveyed already, of 
 which there appears nothing in the office, tho' 'tis certain such a sur- 
 vey was made about that time, he is willing to run ye hazard of it; 
 but being apprehensive that it is not, he fears lest it should be laid 
 out to some of those in whose favour thou hast directions from J. 
 Steele; but if that be the case, and the man be willing to submit to 
 the same terms that others doe I have encouraged him to expect that 
 it will not be surveyed to others, that not being our practice. I leave 
 ye management of it to thee. I also refer to thee one Linton whose 
 son has been with me to-day for a grant, b-.t I rather choose that you 
 should take measures in those cases there. The men, as I hinted 
 before, have no great mint on their side; however, thou wilt take 
 notice of what I have here said. I hope this will meet Col. ffrench 
 and thee together, to whom arc my hearty respects, as also to thyself, 
 — from thy Loving ffriend, 
 
 "James Logan." 
 
 " Philad'ia, Aug. 5th, 1726. 
 " LoTiNG Friend, Isaac Taylor. 
 
 " William Reynolds and the widow McCane are now both here com- 
 plaining heavily of a survey made by thy son John, on some land 
 running along their claims, in a narrow, but very extended skirt, and 
 cutting them off from the Barrens, which land they say has been long 
 promised to them, upon their frequent npplications to the office and 
 thee, — that is, that when it was to be granted they should have the 
 refusal of it. This survey, they say, is made for one Gabriel Alexan- 
 der, who they alledge can have no right to it by grant or purchase, 
 and if he had, they insist upon it they have not had fair play. 
 
 " Tho' thy son was the surveyor, yet as he has no authority but 
 what is derived from thee, who art the appointed officer, believing 
 that he would do nothing of that kind but by thy order, I thought it 
 most regular to apply to thee, requesting some account of that Survey, 
 and by what authority it was done; for I depend on it that no man's 
 solicitations of what kind soever can prevail with thee to survey the 
 Proprietor's lands, without a warrant or full instructions from the 
 office, for I need not observe to thee of what pernicious consequence 
 such measures would prove, and therefore I should be unjust to thee 
 to suppose it possible without stronger reasons than the application Of 
 those who conceive themselves injured. In ye mean time if that sur- 
 vey be not made on such a foundation, it will be well done of thee to 
 save us the trouble of acquainting G. Alexander that he proceed not 
 to make any improvement there. I request a line from thee in an- 
 swer to this per first, which will oblige,^Thy real friend. 
 
 " James logan." 
 
 "August 10th, 1726. 
 "Loving Friend, James Logan. 
 
 " I received thine of the 5th of this month, last seventh day, by 
 Elisha Gatchel, and had I not been well acquainted with the strange 
 caprices of that hot headed person for above seven years, it would 
 have been surprising to me, that any man should endeavor to lay a 
 Block in the way of any persons having a small Tract of Land, on 
 such just and Regular methods as the late survey made by my Son 
 John, for Gabriel Alexander was done, with which I am sure he is 
 well acquainted. 
 
 "The ease is thus: in March- 1720, James Steele come to my house 
 by thy order, and urged me to go down towards Elk to make some 
 surveys to prevent the Land being taken by Maryland. I told him 
 that I was Indisposed, and was not likely to go myself, but would 
 send my son John as soon as he was a little better recovered, (for he 
 also had been sick,) and would procure a man to go along with him, 
 that was with Henry HoUingsworth when he made the last surveys 
 in those parts in 1704; and in the next month (i.e. April, 1720) John 
 did go down, .and having surveyed 200 acres to each of the-four 
 Moors, there was about 5 or 600 acres Left between those Lands and 
 
Idi 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Robert Asshcton's Tract, and by the Direction of Elisha Gatohel and 
 John Churchman, who were on the spot with him, he divided it among 
 the persons that were settled on it;— to William Reinolds 300, to Wil- 
 liam Rees 100, & to Sam'l Steel and Gabriel Alexander 250 acres in 
 one Tract. A few months after, Thomas Calwell and others that pur- 
 chased Robert Assheton's 600 acres made a complaint to him, that my 
 son had come within the limits of the said 600 acres, tho' he had the 
 same chain man that H. Hollingsworth had, when he laid out the said 
 Land and knew the bounds very well that Henry made and affirmed 
 that John had not gone within it : But because Tho. Calwell continued 
 his clamor, I went down myself & viewed the place the 26th of Aug- 
 ust 1720, and saw Assheton's northern line fair and well marked, and 
 John had not interfered therewith, as can be proved by persons yet 
 Living. But Calwell procured one Joseph Meredith to resurvey As- 
 sheton's Land the 18th of March, 1720-1, and found that if it was 
 run the length of the Patent, it would take in Alexander's house and 
 Improvements ; then he applied himself again to Robert Assheton 
 and he to James Steel who sent to me about it. Soon after, I being 
 in Town, Steel told mo that Robert Assheton was a Kinsman of ye 
 Proprietors, and that the Commissioners would not allow of any Land 
 to be confirmed there till Assheton's Land was made up its full quan- 
 tity ; and then he spoke to me to survey to Gabriel Alexander, the 
 like quantity in the adjacent vacancy that Assheton tooli off, and in 
 the month of October, 1721, Gabriel Alexander came to James Steel's 
 otiiee, and my son John and myself were present, and- told James 
 Steel that he was settled without the line that H. H. made for R. As- 
 sheton, as could be proved by good evidence yet Living, but if Asshe- 
 ton's Land must extend as far as Calwell claimed, it would take away 
 his house and do him a very great diskindncfs. Steel's answer was 
 * I am sorry for that, but R. Asslieton must have his full quantity 
 according to his Patent, and li^aac shall survey to thee the same 
 quantity that Assheton takes off in the vacant Land next thee, and 
 that is all the liindness that I can do thee'; then turning to me he 
 spoke to me to do it the next time I went that way, but if he has fur- 
 got to make entry of this, it is no fault of mine. I having no other 
 business near the place did not go to do it, thinking it was in no great 
 haste, but told Alexander that he having James Steel's promise, he 
 might improve on that vacancy as soon as he pleased. Some time 
 after, Robert Assheton sent me a letter wherein he desired me to go 
 down and settle the bounds of his Land, but I being weak was not 
 able to go. My son John told me that in the Spring, in 1726, he was 
 in town and James Steel told him that he was desired by Robert As- 
 sheton, to desire me to settle a difference between the persons, that he 
 had sold his land to and one Alexander, and he desired John, if I 
 continued weak, to go down himself and do it, and make up what 
 Alexandei' lost out of the next vacancy; a memorandum whereof 
 John took on a bit of paper and baa yet by him, and do believe J. 
 Steel cannot deny it. Soon after John did go down and resurveyed 
 Assheton's Land and ran a new line agreeing with the patent, which 
 cutt off poor Alexander's house and Improvements; But the weather 
 proving wet he could not stay then to survey to Alexander, so much of 
 ye vacant Land as would make up what he lost. I was in hopes then 
 that Alexander might have been at quiet, but some weeks ago he came 
 up and told me, that unless I would send somebody to survey his land 
 he should be ruined, for while it lay as vacant Land, Reinolds and 
 others would fetcli all the timber off. As soon as John had oppor- 
 tunity, I sent him down and he surveyed as much of the vacant land 
 as Assheton took off, in a very regular Tract, and what Gatohel is 
 pleased to say of the irregularity of that survey, and of its being 
 done- without orders, is entirely false, for the firft survey was made 
 by thy own orders to me as other lands in that place in 1720 was done, 
 and as for the new addition I have given thee the true reason. 
 
 " I know Reinolds pretended to take up all the vacant Land to yo 
 westward of his, but I told him Alexander must be first served. And 
 ye 2d day of June, last, Reinolds came to my house again and lookin" 
 very big, told me that he had been informed of a good piece of Land 
 on Pequea, and hoped I would not hinder him from having that as I 
 done of other Land, for he had money to pay down. I told him that 
 I had begun a survey there for a gentleman in London, that paid his 
 money 40 years ago and I had a warrant for it; and tho' he talked so 
 much of his money, it was well known he had got it off other men's 
 Land, for he settled a choice piece of ye proprietor's without Leave or 
 License, cleared large fields very easy and made a great quantity of 
 money off the corn that he raised, and then sold his Improvement to 
 ye widow McCane for ninety pound; then gotJOO acres by, that was 
 
 surveyed to another man. After that, he had an improvement in the 
 London Tract that he sold to great advantage, and seeing that he had 
 had so many places^ he might let his neighbors have a little land 
 to live on without finding fault; but if he could get a grant, he might 
 have any vacant Land that was not yet promised. The person he then 
 grumbled about was Thomas Reid, for whom I have I. Steel's order 
 in writing, to accommodate him with a tract of land near Nottingham, 
 as well as the country will now afford. As for the widow McCane, she 
 has already — acres of good Land that was surveyed for Reinolds to 
 ye very best advantage, and for her to desire the piece of land that 
 poor Alexander had a grant for before she came to America, and has 
 built a good house upon, (since he unhappily lost his first house and 
 improvements, by means of a blunder made by H. Hollingsworth, 
 with which Gatchell, her and Reinolds are well acquainted,) is really 
 unaccountable. W ith Love and respects to thee and thine, I remain 
 thy Loving ffriend. 
 
 "Isiic Taylor." 
 
 On the 2d of August, 1726, Gabriel Alexander signed 
 a paper to the following effect : 
 
 ** I hereby agree to suffer Susanna McCaine to sow ail the land she 
 has now cleared on the vacancy by her, with come next season, and 
 peaceably to carry off the same, she claiming no right of possession 
 thereby," 
 
 The dispute did not end here, and on the 17th of the 
 same month a number of his neighbors signed a recommen- 
 dation, stating that ''Gabriel Alexander has lived in this 
 neighborhood odds of six years preceding this date, and 
 we, the subscribers, never knew him to defraud no manner 
 of person, or wrong any man," etc. : " John Betty, Morgan 
 Leyson, David Emmit, William Gilespy, Abraham Emrait, 
 Sr., John Scott, Jr., James Smith, James Andrews, Josias 
 Emmit, John Tood, John Cain, Joseph Hedges, and 
 Gayen Miller." Nigel Gray also wrote to Isaac Taylor a 
 quaint letter of recommendation of Gabriel Alexander. 
 The following spring Abraham Emmit granted a warrant 
 to arrest William and James McKean for trespass, on the 
 complaint of Gabriel's son, Zaccheus, against which Elisha 
 Gatchel protested, declaring that the Alexanders had no 
 right to the land. In 1739, Thomas McKean appears to 
 hold a part, if not all, of his mother's land. 
 
 An attempt to trace the title to the present owners of 
 the McKean land was not entirely successful. Prior to 
 1783 it passed into possession of James Smith, Jr., of 
 Burlington, who in that year conveyed 187 acres in New 
 London to John Kenible. The heirs of the latter sold 
 115 acres in 1812 to Edward Owen, whose administrator 
 conveyed the same in 1821 to David Woodington. Wil- 
 liam E. Haines purchased in 1823, and sold in 1869 to 
 Joseph Peirce, the present owner. 
 
 In 1725 the township was divided, and London Britain 
 taken therefrom. About 1733 the boundary on the north, 
 between Londongrove and Elk Creek, was established, run- 
 ning from the northeast corner of John Todd's land to the 
 southeast corner of Fagg's Manor, and thence to the creek. 
 This was granted on petition of William McKean, William 
 Gillespy, John McClenachan, Samuel Steel, Lazarus Finney, 
 George Correy, John Henderson, James Futhcy, Josias 
 Emmit, John Todd, and several others. In 1775, George 
 Correy and others presented a remonstrance against the pe- 
 tition from London Britain for taking some of the territory 
 into the latter. In 1724 the assessment of New London 
 included the territory of London Britain. In 1852 the 
 township of Franklin was taken from New London, since 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 195 
 
 which the latter contains none of the original London Com- 
 pany's land. 
 
 TAXABLES IN 1725. 
 
 Gayen Lepeer, Robert Linton, Hugh Stewart, John Beetem, Peter 
 Begot, James Mesirs, W" Bowhannin, W™ Steels, Gabriell Alexander, 
 Robert Smith, Thoiniis Caldwell, Jean Soott, John McCrakan, John 
 Cook, Neill Gray, James Donnell, Susannah McKeen (widdow), Sam' 
 Carson, John Croghton, W"" Renals, Patrick Moor, Alexander Moor, 
 James Moor, William ffeil, John Todd, John Mongomory, John Hen- 
 derson, The. Black, James Makanless, Nicholas Curry, Henry Small, 
 John Steel, John Cleooughan, Rob' Messar, Josias Emmit, Hugh 
 Barkley, Abraham Emmit, David Emmit, John Gelaspy, Robert Robi- 
 son, James Smith. 
 
 Freemen, — Zechariab Alexander, Ninian Steel. 
 
 TAXABLES IN 175.3. 
 
 John Scott, Esq', Alexander Johnston, Wm. McDowell, James 
 Purtle, Matthew Portorfield, John Currey, John Moore, Matthew 
 Logan, Widow Fury, James Reed, Rob' Anderson, Alexand"^ Walker, 
 John Sturges, Peter Gubby, James Donald, Widow Dicky, Rol' Lin- 
 ton, Rob' Finney (saddler). Widow Finny, John Morrison, Tho^ Minor, 
 Sam' Steel, Rob' Finny, Junr, John Moore, James Slonn, David Em- 
 mitt, Alexand' McCurdy, Henry Small, James Whitecraft, Andrew 
 Henderson, John Henderson, Tho» Cooke, Joseph Cook, James Mc- 
 Canless, Wm. Downard, John Todd, Alex' Craige, Jaines Harrison, 
 Rob' Gillmore, Rob' Kelton, Geo. Curry, Rob' Jurdain, Wm. Com- 
 mons, John Menah, Humphry Riske, James Moore, Joseph Moore, 
 Joseph Allison, James Welsh, Rob' Taylor, Wm. Gelespie, John Por- 
 torfield, James Mears, Miohal Montgomry, Arthur MoClure, Wm. Mc- 
 Dowel, sen', James Jurdan, jun", Tho' Finny, Jn" Fleming, Sam' 
 Betty, Thos Magee, Widow English, John Moore (schoolmaster), Rob' 
 Allison, Widow Steell, John Moore (cooper), James Fariss, Hugh 
 Canble, Bob' McEee, And' Soott, Rob' Latimore, Wm. Young, sen', 
 Wm. Young, Jun', John Bunting, Alexander Morrison, John Smith. 
 
 Poor men. — James Brown, John McKenny, John Montgomery, 
 John Moore (weaver), John Branagan, Tho^ Welsh, James Cannon, 
 James Johnston, Edward Boyle, Owen MoGrew, Wm. Reed, Wm. 
 Alexander, David Shean, Patrick Hay, Felix Gallaher, James Aohan, 
 Cornelius Welsh. 
 
 Freemen. — Joseph Haze, Rich* White, William Bietts, James Rusk, 
 Darby Dergan, Jn" Moor, Joseph McDowel, David McDowell, And» 
 Small, James Small, Tho« Sturd, Joseph Boyd, Charles Bravard. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 George Alexander, Francis Alison, William Beaty, David Buchanan, 
 David Correy, Robert Correy, George Campbell, Thomas Campbell, 
 Wm.Cummings, Allen Cunningham, Patrick Culbertson, John Dickey, 
 Thomas Donelson, Walter Davis, Robert Finney, Robert Finney, Jr., 
 Walter Finney, Thomas Fulton, Samuel Floyd, Joseph Furey, James 
 Falls, John Gibson, Thos. Gilmore, Peter Gobby, Robert Giffin, Robert 
 Gilmore, Robert Graham, James Hutchinson, James Hughs, Alexander 
 Hughs, Thomas Hughs, David Hutchinson, Eliza Henderson, Alex- 
 ander Johnston, Esq., Samuel Kennedy, John Lemon, George Lesley, 
 Wm. Montgomery, John Montgomery, John McDowell, William Mc- 
 Dowell, Wm. McDowell, junior, Ephraim Morrison, Alex'r Morrison, 
 James Moss, Arthur McClure, Thomas McConnell, Joseph Moore, 
 Robert Moore, Robert Montgomery, Michael Montgomery, Joseph 
 Morrison, John Menough, George Mitchell, Charles Newcome, John 
 Penuock, James Reed, William Reed, John Robinson, John Soott, 
 Andrew Scott, William Steel, Jeremiah Starr, John Small, John 
 Smith, John Todd, Joseph Thompson, Robert Wilkins, Matthew Wil- 
 kins, Thomas Wiley, James Whiteraft, Archibald Woodside, Agnes 
 - Young. 
 
 NEWTOWN. 
 
 TAXABLES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF 1715. 
 
 Daniel Williamson, Rees Howell, William Bevan, David Thomas, 
 William Phillips, Thomas Rees, John Rees, Jun', Lewis Rees, Lewis 
 Lewis, Evan Lewis, William Lewis, John Rees, John ffawkes, Mor- 
 gan James, Lawrence Peirce, Daniell Williamson, John Williamson, 
 James Price, John Meredith, Edward Thomas, William Thomas. 
 
 free JIfSn.— John Goodwin, Adam Treheall. 
 
 This is now a part of Delaware County. 
 
 NOTTINGHAM. 
 
 At a meeting of the commissioners of property at Phil- 
 adelphia, 14th of 11th month, 1701. 
 
 Present, Edward Shippen, Griffith Owen, Thomas Story. 
 James Logan, Secretary. 
 
 " Cornelius Empson for himself and several others to the number 
 of 20 families, chiefly of the county of Chester, proposes to inaUo a 
 settlement on a tract of Innd about half way between Delaware and 
 Susquehannah, or nearer the latter, being about 24 miles distant from 
 New Castle, on Octorara river, in ease they may have a grant of 20,000 
 acres in the said place, at a bushel of wheat ^ hundred rent or five 
 pound purchase, to be after at a shilling sterling ^ annum ; which 
 being duly considered and the advantages that might arise thereby, by 
 rendering the adjacent land more valuable, and encouraging the set- 
 tlement of Susquehannah river; — Tis proposed that they shall have 
 15 or 20,000 acres at £8 ^ 100 or at 2 bushels of wheat rent '§, annum, 
 the first year for their encouragement to be free of rent, or one year's 
 credit to pay the purchase money. He agrees to the price of purchase, 
 or to a bushel and an half ^ 0. ^ annum; But is referred to their 
 further consideration." 
 
 The offer of the commissioners having been accepted, 
 the following warrant was issued : 
 
 "BY THE COMMISSIONERS OF PROPERTY. 
 ** Pennsylvania : 
 
 [seal.] "Whereas, Cornelius Empson and divers others, ye 
 Inhabitants of this province herein after mentioned have requested 
 us that we would grant them to take up a certain tract of land in this 
 province, situate between the main branch of North East river and 
 Octorara creek, for which they have agreed to pay eight pounds for 
 every 100 acres within one year after the date hereof, and Is. sterling 
 for a yearly quit rent for every 100 acres forever after, or in ease of 
 non-payment of the sd money that they shall hold the sd land under 
 ye yearly rent of 2 bushels of good winter wheat for every 100 acres, 
 to be paid yearly at some navigable water or lahding place on Dela- 
 ware, ye sd rent to commence within one year after the date hereof. 
 
 " These therefore arc to authorize & require thee forthwith to survey 
 <fc lay out in ye sd place to ye sd Cornelius Empson 1000», to Jno. 
 Richardson 1000», to Jas. Brown 1000», to Henry Reynold 1000», 
 to Wm. Brown 1000% to John Bales 1000", to Edward Beeson 1000% 
 to Jas. Cooper of Darby 1000", to Randal Jenny 1000", to Andrew 
 Job 1000", to Jno. Churchman 1000», to Ebenezer Empson lOOO", 
 to Jno. Guest of Philada. 1000", to Joel Bayley 600", to Robt. 
 Dutton 500", to Saml Littler 600", to Messer Brown 500", and to 
 the Proprietary for his own proper use 3000", if the land will hold 
 out ; — all in one tract with sufficient allowance for Roads according to 
 the method of townships; beginning at the Northern Barrens between 
 the sd Branch & Creek & bounding it to the southward with an east 
 and west line parrallel as near as may be to the line of ye Province, 
 & northward next the Barrens with a line also parrallel to the south 
 bounds, & in the sd tract run 18 several divisions each of 1000", to 
 be taken by the several p'sons afores'd by Lett, joining two purchasers 
 of 500" to one Lett & dividing the propr'y into 3 several shares, 
 whose Letts thou are hereby authorized to draw; — and make returns 
 of the several Lotts into the General Surv'rs office at Phllad'a, where 
 this warrant is to remain & a copy thereof to be delivered to thee 
 oertify'd by the Seo'y, who is also to take a Duplicate of thy return 
 into his office; which survey to be by thee made shall in case the s'd 
 psons fulfill the agreement afores'd and settle the same within two 
 years after the date hereof, be valid, otherwise shall be void & of no 
 other effect than if the same had never been made nor this warrant 
 ever granted. 
 
 " Given under our hands & the seal of the Province at Philad'a, the 
 7th of the 1st mo., 1701 [March 1702], 
 
 "Edward Shippen, 
 "Thomas Story, 
 " James LoaAif. 
 "To Henry Hollingsworth." 
 
 In pursuance of this warrant a large tract of 18,000 
 acres was laid out in the 3d month (May), 1702, com- 
 mencing at a point seven and one-half miles, or thereabouts, 
 
196 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER "COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 west of the northeast corner of Maryland, and extending 
 thence to the Octorara, a distance of about ten miles. The 
 south line was nearly straight, but there were offsets in the 
 north line, which were probably made to include good land 
 and leave out some of the " barrens." In the widest part 
 the tract extended about three miles from north to south. 
 A street or road was laid out through the middle, running 
 parallel to the south line, and the tract was again divided 
 by lines extending north and south from the street. There 
 were thirty-seven of these divisions, so that they contained, 
 on an average, somewhat less than 500 acres each. As in- 
 timated in the warrant, we may suppose that the purchasers 
 drew lots for their shares ; but, there being twice as many 
 divisions as at first proposed, it happened that a purchaser 
 of 1000 acres had to take two tracts, which in many cases 
 did not lie contiguous. From a draught the following appears 
 to have been the result of the lottery : 
 
 Lots 1, 2, and 3, at the west end, are not named, but 2 and 3 are 
 supposed to have been John Guest's; No. 4, at the southwest corner, 
 Edward Beeson. Then, commencing at the northwest corner, and pro- 
 ceeding eastward, we have No. 5, Henry Keynolds ; 6, John Rich- 
 ardson; 7, proprietary; 8, Cornelius Empson ; 9, proprietary; 10, 
 Ebenezer Empson; 11, J"el Baily; 12, Jas. Cooper; 13, proprie- 
 tary; 14, James Brown; 15, Randal Janney; 16 and 17, John 
 Churchman. Then, returning to the southwest corner, and proceeding 
 eastward on the south side of the street, we have lot No. 18, adjoin- 
 ing No. 4, both in the name of Edward Beeson ; 1 9, Henry Reynolds ; 
 2 J, John Richardson; 21, proprietary; 22, Ebenezer Empson; 23, 
 William Brown; 24, Cornelius Empson; 25, proprietary; 26, James 
 Cooper, partly opposite No.- 12; 27, James Brown; 28, William 
 Brown, opposite No. 14; 29, Robert Button and Samuel Littler; 30, 
 a common lot reserved for a meeting-house ; 31, Robert Button and 
 Samuel Littler; 32, Andrew Job; 33, William Brown; 34, Randal 
 Janney; 35, Andrew Job, the southeast corner; 36 and 37, a double 
 lot, on the north side of the street, and opposite the last three, John 
 Bales (or Beals), being also next to John Churchman, No. 17. 
 
 Messer Brown's name is not mentioned in the draught, 
 but his father's, William Brown's, being given three times, it 
 is probable that the shares of both are in the father's name. 
 Messer (or, more properly, Mercer) was not then of age. 
 The main branch of North-East Creek passed through lots 
 Nos. 13, 14, and 28. The brick meeting-house stands on 
 the north end of lot No. 30. This large tract is said to 
 have received the name of Nottingham when first laid out, 
 and it was doubtless so called in remembrance of the town 
 or county of Nottingham in England. It was supposed 
 to- be in Pennsylvania, but when the line was finally deter- 
 mined the greater part of the tract liell into Maryland. 
 To those who are somewhat familiar with the line, it may 
 be interesting to know that the eighth mile-stone stands on 
 and near the north side of John Beals' double lot. The 
 ninth mile-stone is not within the original survey, there 
 being an oSaet here of near a mile in width. The tenth 
 mile-stone stands on John Churchman's lot No. 16 ; the 
 eleventh on James Brown's lot No. 14 ; the twelfth on 
 James Cooper's lot No. 12 ; the thirteenth on Ebenezer 
 Empson's lot No. 10 ; the fourteenth on the north end of 
 Cornelius Empson's No. 8. Owing, no doubt, to the vari- 
 ation of the compass, the lines, which were intended to be 
 parallel to the Maryland line, run a little south in going 
 westward, and although the north line of lots Nos. 5 to 10 
 was straight, it crosses the State line between the fourteenth 
 and fifteenth mile-stones. -Lots 11 to 16 were bounded oil: 
 
 the north by. a straight line, which at its eastern end is a" 
 little more than three-quarters, but at the western end less, 
 than half a mile, north of the line. 
 
 The land to the northward of these lots was described 
 as " back of Nottingham," and was subsequently taken up 
 in various-sized and mostly irregular tracts by settlers, and 
 was at length included in the township of Nottingham. 
 
 The early surveys were for a long time known by the 
 distinctive appellation of " Nottingham Lotts." 
 
 " To the Board of Property in Philadelphia : 
 
 "The Representation & Petition of a number of the inhabitants of- 
 East & West Nottingham townships, in Chester county, who possess 
 the Northern part of the land called Nottingham Lotts 
 " ReBpecifnlly Sheweth,-^- 
 
 " That Whereas, at the Instance and Request of a certain Corne- 
 lius Empson, on behalf of himself and sixteen others in Company, a 
 Warrant was granted by the Commissioners of Property for William 
 Penn, Esquire, Proprietor and Governor, beaiing dkte the 7th of the 
 first month 1701, for laying out about 18,000 acres of Land, situate 
 towards Octorara creek, which within si.\ months aftei* was surveyed, 
 divided into upwards of 30 Lotts, called Nottingham, and quickly 
 settled. The situation whereof happened to be on & near the Boun- 
 dary between the Provinces of Pennsylvania and Maryland ; which 
 boundary then & for' many years afterwards, remained unsettled; 
 Doubts arising between the Proprietaries respecting the same, which" 
 appears to have prevented the Purchase Money being received from- 
 the settlers, and Patents being issued to confirm the lands to them 
 according to the original contract;- offers having been made (as we- 
 find) on their part at divers times within the course of 30 years after 
 the settlement, for a Compliance with their agreement, 'which did not- 
 avail. And Whereafl on the settlementof the, Boundary Line in latter 
 Time, twenty of those Jjotts, called 490 acres each, (besides two double 
 Lotts of 980 acres each, at the West End towards the River Susque- 
 hanna), fell entirely into Maryland, together with the Major part of ■ 
 the remaining nine Lotts and two double Lotts ; leaving of the whole - 
 only the Quantity of 12C0 acres and the usual Allowance or there- ■ 
 abouls in Pennsylvania; being the Northern part of the last men- 
 tioned Lotts, as may appear by a Draught of the same herewith to be 
 exhibited; which remainder is chiefly of the thinnest Part of the 
 Land. And Whereas Times of Commotion &, Difficulty happened to - 
 commence near the Time when the said Boundary Line was con- 
 firmed, preventing for some years our application to have those 
 Lands coirfirmed to us which we hold in ri^btof our Predecessors 
 under the above hinted description, and being now desirous to have- 
 them confirmed we have agreed to represent our case herein to the- 
 Board of Property : and as it will (perhaps) appear diCTcrent from 
 the case of located Lands not Patented in other Parts of the State, for 
 the Reasons above, we request you will be pleased to take the same 
 under consideration and view the circumstances relative thereto; 
 some further of which with submission we crave Liberty to mention, — 
 
 "1st. It appears by a Minute of the Commissioners of Property 
 aforesaid, made about 8 weeks before the Date of the Warrant, they 
 considered that in those early times advantage might arise to the' 
 Proprietaries Interest from a Grant k settlement of those Lands, by , 
 rendering the adjacent Barreny Lands more valuable and encourag- 
 ing settlements on Su8queha.nna. 2d, It also appears that within the' 
 time proposed a number of our Predecessors did remove hither, en- 
 during much hardship by taking their Families what was then ac- , 
 counted a great Distance back in the wilderness beyond the other 
 Inhabitants, and therefore remote from supplies of necessary Pro- 
 visions, having themselves a Road to clear near forty miles, where no ; 
 Road was before, and being subject to many other Difficulties; facili- 
 tating the settlement of other Proprietary Lands in those Parts of a 
 mean Quality, whereby the Interestgrowing on the purchase money 
 stipulated for those Lands hath been increased to much larger sums 
 than would otherwise have been : And Lastly we conceive by the 
 Tenor of our Predecessors Agreement, that if the Purchase money 
 which they contracted for on account of those Lands was not paid., 
 within the time limited, the Purchasers were obliged to hold the 
 Lands subject to an annual Quit rent payable in wheat; Ai^d a Law 
 having passed or been enacted by the Legislature to abolish or take 
 away Quit rents, in Lieu. whereoC additional Land Taxes have been 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 i:97: 
 
 levied and collected on the estates of the Inhabitanta. Under all 
 these circumstances we npprohend wo have reasonable grounds to ex- 
 pect a confirmation of our Title to the aforesaid Lands on the most 
 favorable terms. Therefore we humbly hope this Board or others 
 whom it may concern, will consider our ease, and the circumstances 
 thereof as above mentioned, and direct herein as in wisdom and Pru- 
 dence they may judge expedient; whose favourable Notice will be 
 kindly received and gratefully acknowledged: 
 
 " Dated in Nottingham aforesaid, the 14th day of the month, called 
 September, 1787, and signed — 
 
 " Levi Kirk, 
 Roger Kirk, 
 Anthony Chamncss, 
 Eli Kirk, 
 Levi Baity, 
 John Churchman, 
 Jacob Brown, Jr., 
 Jacob Brown, 
 
 Daniel Job, 
 Isaac Haines, 
 Thomas Scott, 
 Philip Tanner, 
 Jeremiah Brown, 
 George Churchman, 
 William Churchman, 
 William Barrett, 
 
 Jacob Haines." 
 
 A petition of the same import was addressed to the As- 
 sembly of Maryland by the possessor of those parts of the 
 Nottingham lots in that State, and an act was passed in 
 1788 to confirm their lands to them under certain condi- 
 tions. The Pennsylvania board of property ordered a re- 
 survey of the north ends of the lots preparatory to granting 
 patents : 
 
 " The warrant for resurveying the North Ends of the Nottingham 
 Letts is Dated the 29th of November, 1787, and to me directed; In 
 consequence whereof they were soon after resurveyed, viz*: for Isaac 
 Haines, the North End of the Letts which were originally numbered 
 7 A 8, called Triangle, containing 31 acres and allowance; For Jacob 
 Haines, the N. End of the Lot No. 9, 40 acres and 48 perches and 
 allowance, called North Range; For Jacob Brown, the North End of 
 Lett No. 10 and part of No. 11, 66 acres 130 perches, called Chippen- 
 ham ; For Jacob Brown, junior, the Northern part of Lot No. 11, 
 1294 acres and allowance, called Carpenter's Hall ; For Levi Baily, 
 the N. End of the Lot No. 12, 82i acre's and allowamce, called Swan- 
 zey, and for Daniel Job part of the same Lot, 60 acres 36 perches, 
 called Uzzah ; For John Lewdcn, 112J acres and allowance the North 
 End of the Lot No. 13, called Rockland; and for Eli Kirk part of the 
 fame Lot, 45i acres and allowance, called Mount Rocky; For Roger 
 Kirk the North End of the Lot No. 14, 141i acres & allowance, called 
 Stony Grove; and-for Levi Kirk, part of the same Lot 38 acres, 72 
 perches & allowance, and also part of the Lett No. 16, 46 acres 62 
 perches — in both 84 acres 132 perches and allowance, called North 
 Range ; For William Barrett the North End of the Lot No. 15, 1 JOf 
 
 acres and allowance, called ; For William Churchman, the North 
 
 End of the Lot No. 16, 217 acres and allowance, called Fair Hill; 
 Fpr George Churchman, part of the same Lott, 28i acres and allow- 
 ance, called Trapezium; and for John Churchman, part of the same 
 Lot, 1? acres 100 perches, called Oblong: For Thomas Scott, 25 acres 
 140 perches and allowance, part of the North End of John Seal's 
 double Lot, No. 36, 37, called Scott's Range; For Jeremiah Brown, 
 part of the same Lott, 21 acres 47 perches and allowance, called 
 Brown's Forest; For John Harvey, 53 acres 35 perches and allow- 
 ance, called Harvey's Hope ; Part of the same and at the East of the 
 same for Philip Tanner, 45 acres 21 perches. Including all that part 
 of said antient Lots which lies in Pennsylvania, the Eastern part of 
 which (is far as North Bast creek) lays in East Nottingham ; the 
 other part in West Nottingham, Chester county, 1345i acres and 
 allowance of six per cent., according to the Draught annexed. Cer- 
 tified the 20th of the 9th mo. 1791. By 
 
 " GeOUGE CHtlRCHMAN." 
 
 Nottingham is not mentioned in the assessment of 1715, 
 bat in 1718 both East and West Nottingham appear. In 
 each list there are several "adjacent inhabitants," which 
 were probably those outside the original survey. In 173-1-5 ' 
 Londonderry was separated from Nottingham. 
 
 . From a petition dated Feb. 25, 1728-9, respecting 
 the bounds of West, Notxiugham, it-.appears the township. 
 
 extended beyond the Ootorara Creek prior to the erection 
 of Lancaster County. In 1833 a portion of East Not-, 
 tingham was taken to form Oxford borough, and in 1853 
 Hopewell borough was partly taken from it. In 1857 it' 
 was still further reduced by the formation of Elk township. 
 James Trimble, of Fairville, writes in 1870: 
 
 "At one time during the Revolution Smallwood's division of the 
 American army occupied Friends' meeting-house at Nottingham as a 
 hospital. The surgeons in charge, some four or five in number, were 
 quartered at my grandfather's house, one of them being Peter Yar.-. 
 nail, then a reckless, swearing young man. On one occasion they: 
 persuaded my grandmother to eelt them a blanket for a wounded sol- 
 dier who hod none, Peter remarking that as the 'poor soger was ly- 
 ing in the gallery^ he thought the blanket would not bo profaned.' 
 For this offense, however, she had to give an acknowledgment." 
 
 EAST NOTTINGHAM TAX-RATE, ASSESSMENT OF 1722. 
 
 '}... 
 
 Samu'i Robinett and 
 land in Sadbury 
 
 Robert White 
 
 John Hugg 
 
 Eliz'i Job 
 
 Elisha Gitehel 
 
 JacobBeals 
 
 John Seals -, 0- 
 
 Joseph Jones 
 
 Tho: Oldman 
 
 John Churchman 
 
 Benjamin Chandlee 
 
 Jacob Job 
 
 Sam: Litter 
 
 John Whit 
 
 Aaron Coppock 
 
 Meser Brown 
 
 HughMorgan 
 
 J^imes Crosswell 
 
 Wm. Beals 
 
 Arthur Barret 
 
 Morris Bees 
 
 Sam" Calbrith 
 
 John Tomson 
 
 John Coolc 
 
 Rob: Oldham 
 
 Wm. Frances 
 
 .. d. 
 
 11 
 
 3 6 
 
 6 3 
 
 15 
 
 16 3 
 
 10 
 
 8 9 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 12 8 
 
 7 6 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 6 3 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 7 6 
 
 5 
 
 1 3 
 
 5 
 
 fi 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 £ I. d. 
 
 Alexander Martin 10 
 
 James Ogilbe 4 
 
 John Ruddal 6 
 
 Thomas Job 4 
 
 John Read 2 6. 
 
 Archelus Hamilton 3 0. 
 
 James Smith 2 6 
 
 George Harrison 4 0' 
 
 Philip Taner 3 6. 
 
 Thomas Read 3 9 
 
 John Eldrick 4 6 
 
 Stephen Stapler 7 6 
 
 William Hogg... 15 
 
 Freen\en^ 
 
 JohuBnibson 9 
 
 Sam: Whiting 9 
 
 Peter Hastings 9 0" 
 
 John Butterfleld 9 
 
 Charles Goss 9 
 
 Non-resident Land. 
 
 Abrahim Bickley, 200».. 3 9 
 
 Richard Joiies, 200" 3 9 
 
 Sam" White,100" 1 lOi 
 
 TAXABLE?, 1753. 
 
 Elisha Gatchell, Esq', Rowland Rogers, John Day, Elisha Hughes, 
 Benjamin Chandlee, John White, Jun', Tho» Willson, jun', Cotty 
 Chandlee, Messer Brown, Thomas Willson, sen"'. Will. Kirk; Sam. 
 England, Edward Oldham, Robert Oldham, Widow Ogilbie, Widow- 
 Bogg.«, W™ Feries, Miohal Askin, Matthew Taylor, Sam. Byers, And'' 
 Byers, David Gault, Hugh Allison, John Robison, Will. Bain, John 
 White (sawyer), Joseph Tremble, Timothy Kirk, Nenl McCaskey, Tho' 
 Barrett, Geo. Churchman, Dan' Brown, James Brown, W" Churchman, 
 John Slater, Nathan Brown, W" Montgomery, John Rees, W™ Shep- 
 ard, James Shepard, Robert Shepard, Tho» Churchman, W"> Chandlee, 
 W" Pugh, John Pugh, John Crawford, Widow Boyd, John Cunning- 
 ham, Tho» Oldham, Sen', John Oldham, John White (Poplar Hill), Robr 
 ert Black, Henry MoCuUey, George Robinett, Zachnry Butcher, Moses 
 Karr, John Glen, James Cowden, Widow Erwin, Widow Clendcnan, 
 Widow Ewing (John's), Archible Job, James Steel, Robert Mackcy, ' 
 Abigail Price, Elisha Gatchell, Jun', Hugh Mehaffey, Gydeon Thomp- 
 son, John Lawson, John Hathorn, James Smith, David Rankin, Tho" 
 Sharp, David Long, David Wharry, John Carson, Sam" Hathorn, John 
 Smith, Widow Porter, Josias Emmitt, Widow Mary Tanner, Philip 
 Tanner, Robert Harvey, W™ Scott, Tbo' Scott, Benja Willson, John 
 Hill, Wil"" McWilliams, John Chuddy, Patrick Pease, or Skein, Bryan 
 McMurray, John Champbell, Sampson Moore, Richard Sidwell, Pat- 
 rick Poor, Robert Erwin, Thomas McCartney, James Howard, James 
 Willson, Gilbert Buchanan, Widow Crawford, W" McCain, John Knox, 
 J.imes Hodders, Gayon Morrison, Finley MoGrew, Matthew Willson,' 
 Hugh Thompson, James Wharrey, Sam' Dickey, Mathew Seoton, 
 David Hogg, David Junkin; Bartholomew Dorough, Widow Jean 
 Woodroe, William Betty, James Adams, James Glasgow, James Car- 
 nage, AV™ Jenkins, Miohall MoGIoughlin, James Paterson, James 
 Skiventon, W™ Guy, John MoMullcn, Robert Maxwell, James Cald- 
 well, Ilobert Hunter, Widow Calvin, Benj. Elliot. 
 
 ■Jimatee. — John Pugh, sen', John Butterfetld, John Gii-eu, Nath'- 
 
198 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Willson, Henry Knight, John Corrans, Hanse Miller, John MoMullen, 
 Thomas MoMurry, John Wakefield, James Brisland, Bilwo Parker, 
 Patrick Brown, W™ Owen, Roger Hart, Neal Modonnell, John SutlifF, 
 David Watson, Jacob Grundall, Bichard Lunny, Sam. Allen, David 
 Humphrey, Peter Bambridge, Will. AVork, James Noble, John Mc- 
 Clelan, Joseph Draynon, Robert Coughran, Francis Shearer, Dan' King, 
 Barthol. Dirrum, Hugh Reynolds, Sam. Willson, Thomas Carson, ,Iohn 
 Sutton. 
 
 Freemen. — W"" White, Joshua White, Jonathan White, Zebulon 
 Oldham, Tho» Davis, W™ Coyle, George McKindly, W" Young, Jnmes 
 Campbell, John Shannon, Edw* Taylor, John Steen, Will™ Forsythe, 
 Hezekiah Rowles, Bob' Allison, Jeremiah McMaohan, Daniel McClev- 
 anan, Tho' Martin, Tho» Kelly, W™ Brisby, William Brown, John 
 McWilliams. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1?74. 
 
 Rob't Alexander, Henry Erskine, Jas. Anderson, Jeremiah Brown, 
 Abr'm Bunting, David Brown, Wm. Bean, Mercer Brown, Wm. Brown, 
 Th. Barret, And'w Boyd, And'w Brians, Th. Baldwin, Robt. Calvin, 
 James Calvin, Thos. Churchman, Wm. Churchman, John Clendening, 
 John Crawford, Elijah Cole, John Churchman, Benj'n Chandlee, George 
 Churchman, Samuel Dickey, Samuel Dickey, jr., John Day, Robert 
 Dorrough, Joseph Drenin, Sumuel England, John Erwin, Henry 
 Bwing, Robert Ewing, Thos. Ewing, Robt. Erwin, John Fulton, Jos. 
 Gardner, Thos. Gilliland, Robert Graham, Elisha Gatehell, Wm. Gib- 
 son, Joseph Gatchel, David Gatchel, Archibald Glover, Jas. Hudders, 
 John Hudders, James Harkness, Sam'l Hutchison, Samuel Hill, John 
 Hathorn, Robt. Harvey, Patrick Hamilton, Wm. Hilles, Mary Hughs, 
 Matthew Henderson, John Johnson, Mordecai James, David Junkins, 
 Archibald Job, Timothy Kirk, Abner Kirk, Mary Kirk, Hugh Logan, 
 John Lawson, Geo. Ligate, James McCorklc, John McClavery, Henry 
 MoCormiek, Henry McCauley, James McCormick, James Morrow, 
 Sampson Moore, Jean McKee, Robt. Maxwell, James Mealey, Geo. 
 Mitchell, John McConkey, William Maokey, James Mackey, James 
 Montgomery, John Mills, Finley McGrew, John McBeath, Geo. Mon- 
 roe, Jas. McLaughlin, John Ogleby, Robert Oldham, Margaret Patter- 
 son, George Passmore, John Pew, Joshua Pugh, William Pennell, Ed- 
 ward Parker, Josiah Porterfield, Rowland Rogers, William Rogers, 
 Wm. Rutherford, Wm. Ramsay, Hezekiah Rolls, Isaac Rodgers, James 
 Steel, Thomas Scott, Hugh Sidwell, Richard Sidwell, James Smith, 
 Joseph Smith, Robt. Shepherd, Wm. Shepherd, Thos. Sharp, Hugh 
 Thompson, Philip Tanner, Joseph Tanner, Joseph Trimble, Samuel 
 Wilson, Francis White, John White, John White, jr., Jonathan White, 
 Robt. Wilson, David Wherry, James Wilson, David Watt, Benj'n 
 Wilson, Charles Williams, Thomas Wilson, Thos. Youl. 
 
 WEST NOTTINGHAM TAX-RATE, ASSESSMENT OF 1722. 
 
 £ 
 
 Hugh Sidwel 
 
 Richard Beson 
 
 Jeremiah Brown 
 
 Wm. Brown 
 
 Joseph Hains 
 
 W"" Harris 
 
 Henry Reynolds 
 
 Thomas Brown 
 
 Ilenry Parsons 
 
 liiehard Harold 
 
 James Robinson 
 
 Sam'l Kirk 
 
 Wm. Hanby 
 
 James King 
 
 Joseph Rich 
 
 Hugh Sidwell, Ju' 
 
 Alexander Ross 
 
 Robt. Sinkler 
 
 8. 
 
 a. 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 U 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1) 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 Joseph Pain 
 
 Wm. Brown, Jur 
 
 John Sidwell 
 
 Richard Brown 
 
 Daniel Brown 
 
 Sam" finley 
 
 James Brown 
 
 John Miles 
 
 Walter Wale 
 
 Sam" Stone 
 
 Robert Love 
 
 8. d. 
 ■A 
 7 B 
 
 Non-reeideH Land. 
 
 Thomas Sisam, 500» 8 9 
 
 Abraham Bickley, 300'... 5 3 
 
 Wm. Beaton, 600" 8 9 
 
 James Cooper, 25(5" 4 4i 
 
 TAXABLES IN 1753. 
 William Allen (smith), Henry Reynolds, Robert Creswell, Isaac 
 Brown, Jeremiah Brown, Jer. Brown, junior, William Coles, David 
 Patten, James Craige, Samuel Poak, Robert Mowberry, Robert Hynd- 
 man, Robt. Lyon, John Lyon, William Poak, James Barns, Widow 
 Barns, Abraham Scott, James Barclay, David Poak, -David Allison 
 John McCIintock, And'' Steel, George Rankin, Izabel Blear, Wm. 
 Young, Robert Welsh, James Edmeson, Patrick Reah, John Kirk- 
 patrick, Joseph Rich, jun', John Harris, Hugh Kirkpatrick, David 
 Edmeston, John Alexander, John Kanidy, James Poak, Wm. Mc- 
 Masters, John Buyers, Joseph Collins, Sam. Eiving, John Adams, 
 James Blackburn, Patrick Meloy, James Betty, John Dicky, Tho= 
 Ewing, Jonathan Edwards, John Rich, Joseph Rish, sen'', John 
 
 Hamilton, John Lowrymore, Widow Gennet Blear, Alexander McKee, 
 James Evans, John Tidball, John Johnson, Michal Patten, John 
 Borland, Sam' Anderson, Andrew Leeper, John Creswell, Sam. Glas- 
 gow, James Scott, Sam' White, John Meek, Wm. McCullough, James 
 Dougherty, Thomas Fitzgerald, John Steel, James Aken, Robert Mc- 
 Dowell, Dan' Finan, Hugh Boyd, John Perry, Geo. Cord, Sam' Finly 
 (clerg"), John Marshal, Sam. Reynolds, Henry Sidwell, Wm. Pepels, 
 John Crawford, James Conely, Robert Morgan, Sam' Coulson, Geo. 
 Welsh, Thomas MoCreary, Wm. Orr, Widow Porter, Tho» Morton, 
 James Cbampbell, Wm. Kennedy, Jacob Reynolds, Alexander Han- 
 nah, Wm. Reynolds, Joseph Reynolds, Peter Smith, John Gray, Jo- 
 seph McReynolds, Francis Barry, John Hamersley, James Dickson, 
 Robert Mitchell, John Williamson, Will. Buchanan, Joseph Clark, 
 Robert Moore, Hugh Edmeson, Aquila Rose, Joseph Neesebit, John 
 McAntire, Widow Seott, Adam Mitchell, James McClen, Simon 
 Dunn, Richard Griffee, Tho' Bowen, Joseph Haines, Wm. Haines, 
 John Waulker, Wm. Harriss, Joseph Brown, Richard Harriss, Wm. 
 Cummings, Michal Connely, Robert Nilson, John Brown, Jeremiah 
 Sergeant, Robert Rankin, Wm. Maxfield, Samuel Dawson, Isaac 
 Dawson, Joseph Dawson, John Dawson, Andrew Wilson, Roger 
 Kirk, John Allen, James Johnson, John Mcdeade, Joshua Brown, 
 Jnmes Skelleron, Elizii Brown, Thomas Smith, Wm. Knight, Tho» 
 Rogers, Rich* McPharson, John Crosly, Wm. Deyarmon, John 
 Brown, James Allen, Joseph Woodroe, Tho^ Brown, Tho' Brennan, 
 Wm. Reny, Rob' McDowell, Thomas Lawis, Geo. McColIogh, John 
 Moshman, Jacob Brown, Sam. Shanks, Isaac Coulson, Wm. Rogers, 
 James Willson, Mordecai James, Joseph Haines, j', Robert Donnell 
 (constable). 
 
 Freemen. — Alexander Torrentine, Rich* Francis, Nath' Horn, Tho' 
 Brawley, John Anderson, Henry Kerr, Andrew Buyers, John Mc- 
 Common, Will. Cord, Thomas Collins, Daniel .Job, James Mowberry, 
 David Reese, David Ree, Bryan McCan, David Porter, James Raily, 
 Isaac Sidwell, Patrick Scantling, AbramSidwell. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 Alex'r Boyd, Adam Miller, Abner Kirk, Caleb Pears, Archibald 
 Job, Charles SydewcU (Sidwell?), Daniel Job, David Moore, David 
 Poak, David Edmison, Elijah Brown, Ephraim Blackburn, Geo. Briggs, 
 Geo Duglas, Hugh Sydwell, Henry Renolds, Henry Sydwell, Henry 
 Anderson, John Cosgrey, Jacob Renolds, James Maxwell, James Barns, 
 John and James Crawford, John McMullin, John Dixon, John Black- 
 burn, James Dougherty, John Bi-own, Jon'n Edwards, James Barclay, 
 John Johnson, Joseph Wood, John Butterfield, Jacob Haynes, Job 
 Haines, John Dickey, John Welsh, Wm. Allen, William Maxwell, Wm. 
 Poak, Wm. Haines, Wm. Coulson, Wm. Harris, Wm. Knight, Wm. 
 Coalc, Wm. Kirk, Wm. Givins, Roger Kirk, Robt. Corthwait, Geo. 
 Brown, John Knight, Wm. Rogers, Samuel Reed, James Cummings, 
 John Carmichael, Joseph Brown, Isaac Brown, Isaac Hayns, Joseph 
 Porter, John England, Joseph Kirk, Joseph Sidwell, Jacob and Joseph 
 Brown, James McClane, Joseph Nesbit, John Borland, James Scott, 
 Joseph Coulson, James Ekin, Joseph Haines, Jeremiah Sergeant, 
 .John Glasgo, Johanes Huss, James Evans, James Evans, jr., Joakim 
 Breakley, James Akin, James Patin, John McCullough, John Mo- 
 Kelhene, Jacob Sydwell, Lucy Givins, Patrick Meloy, Robert Hyne- 
 man, Robert Moore, Sam'l Ewings, Sam'l Brown, Sam'l Glasco, Sam'l 
 Renolds, Sam'l Scott, Th. McCartney, Timothy Kirk, Thos. Scott, 
 Thos. Coulson, Thomas Phillips, Sam'l Hyneman, Jesse Renolds, 
 James Armstrong, Joseph Porter, Samuel Love, William Givin, Henry 
 Woodrow. 
 
 OXFORD. 
 
 Nov. 26, 1754, commissioners George Churchman, Elisha 
 Gatehell, Joshua Brown, Mordecai James, and James 
 Brown, wlio had been appointed to divide the township of 
 Londonderry, made report of the following division line : 
 
 Beginning at a post in the line of Fallowfield, about thirty perches 
 we.-tward of David Kennedy's spring head, and three perches south- 
 ward of a white oak in James Cochran's lino, thence south by east to 
 the corner between Fagg's and Penn's Manor, thence down the sev- 
 eral courses of Elk River to the southern bounds of the township. 
 
 This report was confirmed, and the name of Oxford 
 given to the western part, as desired by the petition for 
 division. It is supposed that some of the settlers -were 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 199 
 
 from Oxford township, now a part of Philadelphia City, 
 and the name may have come thence or directly from 
 England. It was divided into Upper and Lower Oxford 
 in 1797. 
 
 In 1841 the line between Upper Oxford and West Fal- 
 lowfield being in dispute, and its location uncertain, com- 
 missioners were appointed by the court to ascertain and 
 relocate it. They established it, according to the record of 
 1728 defining the bounds of Fallowfield, and by tradition, 
 as beginning at the northeast corner of William Penn, Jr.'s, 
 manor, thence south 85J degrees west 850 perches to the 
 northwest corner of the same, — being the northern boun- 
 dary of said manor, — thence north 47J degrees west 496 
 perches to the middle of Octorara Creek, which the com- 
 missioners say they " believe to be near the original line.'' 
 
 William Penn granted a warrant, dated 15th of 7th mouth, 
 1701, for the survey of 10,000 acres of land for his son 
 William Penn, being " the remainder due to him of 50,000 
 acres originally granted by me to his mother." In purau- 
 ance of this warrant a tract of 5000 acres was laid out for 
 William Penn, Jr., on the west side of Fagg's Manor, and 
 the remainder was subsequently conveyed, unlocated, by 
 his son William to William Allen, of Philadelphia. 
 
 This tract was resurveyed on the 5th, 12th, and 13th 
 days of June, 1741, in pursuance of a warrant from the 
 proprietaries, dated the 10th of February, 1740, and a 
 return of the same into the secretary's office was made on 
 the 25th of June, 1741. From the draught of the manor, 
 the following description may be given : 
 
 Beginning at an ash-tree at the northwest corner of -Fagg's Manor, 
 nnd from thence running west 800 perches to a Spanish oak, thence 
 south 1000 perches to a chestnut-tree, thence east 800 perches to a 
 post in the line of Fagg's Manor, and by the same north 1000 perches 
 to the place of beginning, containing 5000 acres. 
 
 The reader will be able to determine the position of the 
 manor on our county map with tolerable accuracy by being 
 informed that the north line still remains as that part of 
 the south line of West Fallowfield which runs nearly east 
 and west, and by supposing other lines one-fourth longer 
 to be drawn southward from either end of this line, and 
 connected by a fourth line parallel to the first. 
 
 In connection with the draught of resurvey above men- 
 tioned, there is given " a list of names of persons who have 
 presumed to settle on William Penn's manor," which is 
 here given : 
 
 John Glan, James Young, John Simpson, William Porter, Robert 
 Criswell, James Glascow, John Ross, William Penny, John Blacic, 
 John Dougherty, Widow Lion, John Scott, Robert Criswell, William 
 Armstrong, Hugh MilJer, Robert Turner, Robert Fleming, David 
 Fleming, Andrew Sim, Charles Hedges, James Purtle, John Beard, 
 Robert McKee, Stephen Cornelius, James Dysert, Archibald Blaok- 
 b'lrn, Joseph Smith, Thomas Charleton. 
 
 This manor embraced all the eastern portion of Upper 
 Oxford and a small part of Lower Oxford. By deeds of 
 lease and release, dated 3d and 4th of May, 1742, William 
 Penn, Esq., late of London, but now of Dublin, son of 
 William Penn, Jr., deceased, conveyed all his right and 
 title to the manor to John White, of London, to whom a 
 patent was granted Dec. 12, 1747. Those who had settled 
 thereon did not get title to their land till after this date. 
 
 Between Penn's Manor and Octorara Creek surveys were 
 made from 1730 to 1750, and later, as desired by settlers. 
 
 The taxables in 1754 were as follows : 
 
 « 
 
 Job Ruston, John Dennin, Esabell Woodside, Robert Loughead, 
 John Aull. John McCurdy, William Howerd, John Hamilton, John 
 Meas, William MoMuUin, David White, Robert Turner, John McCis- 
 sock, Robert Chochran, Allin Simson, William Lowbrey, John White, 
 John Simson, James Dickey, Hugh Beard, William Hopkins (poor), 
 Joseph Smith, Arthur McCissock, William Porter, Mathew Porter, 
 Andrew Sim, Hugh Miller, Andrew Richey, Robert McKee, William 
 Oss, James Daysert, Stephen White, John Glen, Hugh Lucky, John 
 Craige, Robert Criswell, John Torbut, William Dunahe, Moses Ross, 
 John Smith, James McCissock, Samuel Jackson, Martin Adams, John 
 McClerg, John Hays, David Watt, Thomas Cooper, Adam Cooper, Rob- 
 ert Patterson, Andrew Walker, Widdow Coldbreath, Thomas Walles, 
 Robert Law, James Cooper, John Delap, James Delap, Samuell Max- 
 well, John Stewart, John Guttery, Robert Curswell, Hugh Torbet, 
 Thomas Ervin, John Ross, John Black, David Fleming, Henry Me- 
 Cadem, John White, Thomas White, John Fleming, John Campbell, 
 William Bunting, John Bunting, John White, Andrew White, James 
 Daysert, Francis Mothereall, Stephen Cornelius, Robert Ramsey, Wil- 
 liam Glan, John Daysert (poor), Esabell Milton, John Chapman, 
 Thomas Clark, James Criswell, John Ervin, John Richardson, John 
 McCIeary, James Evans, Henry Ewing, Jauies Ewing, Sr., James 
 Ewing, Jr., James Iv.asadin, William Edmunsou. 
 
 Freemen. — Benjamin Kid, Samuel Ewing, George Carswell, William 
 Patterson, Thomas White, John Morrow, John Wilson. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 Alexander Pinkerton, Archibald Tagart, Allen Simpson, James 
 Simpson, Archibald Fowles, Archibald Shields, Andrew Walker, 
 Arthur Andrews, Arthur Andrews, Jr., Arthur McKissag (McKis- 
 siek ?), John McKissag, David Fleming, David Hays, David Watt, 
 David Sympson, Francis Modral, Florence Scanlan, George Ritchey, 
 George Criswell, George McCuUough, Hugh Luckey, George Church- 
 man, Hugh Russell, Hugh Miller, Henry Ewin, James Cooper, 
 James Stockman, John Gray, .Tames Ewin, John Wilson, John 
 Cooper, James Pemberton, John Wallace, James Kennedy, James 
 Moore, John Smith, John Richey, James Dysart, James Turner, 
 James Henry, James McDowell, John Gibson, John Guthrey, John 
 McClenaghan, John Black, James McCleland, John Ross, John 
 White, John Wallace, John Huston, James Gilleland, Jjmes Boyd, 
 James Fleming, James Criswell, John Kinkead, Job Ruston, Moses 
 Edmiston, Robert Criswell, Robert MeCraoken, Robert Hogg, Robert 
 Barnes, Robert Bunting, Robert Henderson, Robert Poston, Robert 
 Law, Robert Smith, Samuel Smith, Samuel Jackson, Samuel Robb, 
 Samuel McMurrey, Samuel McNeil, Thomas Mays, Thomas Arm- 
 strong, Thomas Barrett, Thomas Wallace, Thomas Whiteside, Thomas 
 Cooper, T-homas Ewin, William Ramsay, Walter Hood, William 
 Woods, William Richey, William Nilson, William Maxwell, William 
 Lowrey, William Merrett, William Ross, William Porter, William 
 Luckey, William Carlisle, William McMuUin, William Robb, William 
 Holmes, William Dickey, William Hewit, William Gleu, AVilliam Mc- 
 CIeary, William Donaby, William Pinkerton, William Bunting, Rachel 
 Jordan, Thomas Cloyd, Widow Hopkins. 
 
 OXFORD BOROUGH. 
 
 The borough of Oxford was incorporated by act of 
 Assembly of April 8, 1833. It was taken partly from 
 Lower Oxford, but principally from East Nottingham. A 
 few years since it was enlarged by decree of court. 
 
 PARKESBURG. 
 
 This borough was incorporated March 1, 1872. When 
 the State constructed the railroad from Philadelphia to 
 Columbia, the work-shops, commonly called the State 
 shops, were located at Parkesburg, and continued there 
 until the year 1861, when their operations were removed 
 by the Pennsylvania Railroad to Harrisburg as a more 
 central point. The buildings at Parkesburg formerly oc- 
 
200 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 cupicd by these shops are now owned and operated as a 
 rolUng-niill by Horace A. Beale. Parkesburg received its 
 name from the Parkes, an old and influential family in this 
 section of the county. Three generations of this family 
 have been members of the Legislature of the State, — 
 Joseph Parke, John G. Parke, and Robert Parke, and the 
 latter has been also an associate judge of the county. 
 
 PBNN. 
 
 Penn township was formed by a division of Londonderry 
 in 1817. The greater part of it was originally included in 
 Fagg's Manor, and the settlers were largely from the north 
 of Ireland. Among those who originally took up lands 
 were John McKee, Daniel McClane, George Miller, Henry 
 Charlton, Samuel Fleming, Hugh Luckey, Robert Brown, 
 James Strawbridge, John McGrrew, Matthew Harbeson, 
 Richard Carson, Thomas Province, John Hayes, William 
 Young, William Finney, and William Graham. The 
 southern line of Penn township, separating it from New 
 London, was the southern line of Fagg'.s Manor. 
 
 Surveys were made in 1703 and 1704 for William Brad- 
 ford, 500 acres ; Thomas Wickersham, 500 ; Hannah 
 Hammond, 250 ; and Susanna Cadman, 625 acres, these 
 surveys extending from the present southeast corner of 
 Penn township to the north end of the line of London- 
 grove. These persons did not settle on this land, but the 
 surveys were made in right of old purchases. Between 
 this and Fagg's Manor was a vacancy of over 1600 acres. 
 
 By lease and release, dated Sept. 24 and 25, 1731, 
 the proprietaries confirmed unto William Penn, " the 
 grandson," 5000 acres of unlocated land in Pennsylvania, 
 in right of, and as part of the original grant to. Sir John 
 Fagg. This William Penn conveyed his right to William 
 Allen, Esq., of Philadelphia, April 2 and 3, 1742, to 
 whom the above vacancy was surveyed as a part of the said 
 5000 acres. This was sometimes called William Allen's 
 manor, and it appears that he reserved a quit-rent, payable 
 to himself, in selling the land to settlers. The tract was 
 probably divided among those who had seated themselves 
 thereon, and titles given when they became able to pay for 
 their shares. Commencing at the south end and proceed- 
 ing northward, the names of these settlers or purchasers 
 were as follows : William Graham, William Neal, Edward 
 Hatton, William Shields, John Wilson, Johu McGrew, 
 Henry Crayton, Hugh McColiock, Robert Caldwell, Daniel 
 McClane, James McKee, David McCIoskey, and James 
 Thompson. Some of these also held adjoining land in 
 Fagg's Manoii. 
 
 In 1857 the line between Penn and Londonderry town- 
 ships was partly altered, so as to include in Londonderry a 
 small portion of Penn. This was done for the accommo- 
 dation of the school districts. 
 
 Jennerrille, a village in this township, was so named by 
 Dr. Josiah Ankrim, a resident of the township, in honor 
 of Dr. Edward Jenner, the discoverer of vaccination. 
 
 " Brook Haven" is the name given by John D. Nelson 
 to his fine farm, situated just southeast of Penn Station 
 on the Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad. This 
 farm Was bought by Henry Charlton from the. heirs of 
 James Fryer in the yelarl7d7. It afterwards passed into 
 
 the hands of Thomas Charlton, a nephew. In 1849 it 
 came into the possession of John D. Nelson by his mar- 
 riage with Mary A. Charlton, daughter of Thomas Charl- 
 ton. The location of this farm is beautiful and pleasant, 
 and the neighborhood is distinguished for its educational 
 spirit and healthy moral tone. 
 
 PENNSBUEY. 
 
 Pennsbury was formed from the eastern part of Kennet 
 in 1770, and comprised the earliest settled part of that 
 township. The first surveys were made about 1686, but 
 there were few settlements made until after 1700. The 
 names of Francis Smith, Henry Peirce, Robert Way, 
 .Thomas Hope, George Harlan, Isaac Few, and William 
 Huntley were among the first to take up land, and after 
 these came the Harveys, Temples, Mendenhalls, and Webbs. 
 John Parker, an eminent minister among Friends, was set- 
 tled there in the time of the Revolution. The village of 
 Parkersvillc, in this township, was so named in honor of 
 him. 
 
 The northern part of Pennsbury was cut off in forming 
 Pocopson township, in the year 1849. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1775. 
 John Brinton, James Bennett, James Brinton, George Brown, Jere- 
 miah Cloud, Joseph Chamberlin, Henry Collins, Joseph Chandler, 
 Amos Davis, M.irtha Fisher, John Fred, Samuel Grubb, Thomas Gib- 
 son, Evan Harvey, James Harvey, Amos Harvey, William Harvey, 
 John Heald, Michael Ligbtbody, Isaac Miller, Isaac Mendenball, 
 Moses Mendenhall, Caleb Mendenhall, Joseph Mendenhall, Benjamin 
 MoCall, Joseph Pierce, Joshua Pierce, David Reanolds, Adam Seeds, 
 Thomas Temple's estate, Benjamin Temple, Benjamin Taylor, Benja- 
 min Taylor, Jr., Isaac Taylor, Mary Taylor, Joseph Taylor, William 
 White, Jr., Jacob Way, Jr., Jacob Way, Stephen Webb, William- West, 
 Conrod Sulsor (Seltzer ?), Spolser Sulsor. 
 
 PEQUEA. 
 This is first mentioned as a separate district in 1720, 
 when the following persons were assessed, and the annexed 
 valuation (in pounds) given to their estates : 
 
 John Earger, 20; William Richardson, 10; Joseph Roe, 10; Philip 
 Ferree, 32 ; Isaac Leffeavor, 80 ; Richard Davis, 32 ; Elizabeth Vin- 
 yard, 15; Christian Blossom, 10; Daniel Ferree, 50; John Ferree, 
 40; Thomas Falkneer, 40; John Powell, 10; Anthony Brighter, 20; 
 John Fredrickfols, 20; James Galtt, 15; Thomas Clark, 20; Robert 
 Galtt, 12; Josiah Ridgway, 10; Morgan James, 15; Benj" Heath, 10; 
 Daniel Cookson for John Gosling, 35; Samuel Collins, 10; Joseph 
 Hickman, 40; John Williams, 15; William Clark, 15. 
 
 The tax was at the rate of threepence on the pound. 
 This district became a part of Lancaster County in 1729.' 
 
 PH(BNIXVILLE. 
 This borough was incorporated March 6, 1849, and con.- 
 siderably enlarged in 1874. The history of the place has 
 been fully set forth in the " Annals of Phoenixville and 
 Vicinity," by Samuel W. Pennypacker, Esq., a native qf 
 the town, and a member of the Philadelphia bar, published 
 in 1872. The growth and prosperity of the town are due 
 to the iron-works, of which the first establishment dates 
 back to 1790. 
 
 EAST PIKELAND AND WEST PIKELAND. 
 Pikeland — literally Pike's land^was granted by Williain 
 Penn to Joseph Pike, merchant, of Cork, Ireland, by patent 
 dated Dec. 3, 1705. It embraced the territory, now in- 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND KOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 201 
 
 eluded in East Pikeland and West Pikeland,and contained 
 10,116 acres and allowances. Joseph Pike died in 1727 
 seized of this tract, and also of a tract of about 1400 acres 
 in Cain township, on the southern part of which is now 
 Cain Friends' meeting-house, and by his will, proved in the 
 Prerogative Court of the Archbishop of Armagh, Ireland, 
 devised all his lands in Pennsylvania to his wife Elizabeth 
 in fee. Elizabeth Pike held the lands until her death in 
 1733, and devised them to her son, Richard Pike, in fee. 
 Richard Pike died in 1752, and by his will devised all his 
 estates in Pennsylvania to his kinsmen, Samuel Hoare and 
 Nathaniel Newberry, merchants, of London, England, sub- 
 ject to the payment of certain legacies. In 1756, Samuel 
 Hoare purchased the interest of Nathaniel Newberry and 
 became sole owner. On Dec. 3, 1773, Samuel Hoare, by 
 his attorney, Amos Strettle, sold and conveyed the lands 
 " known by the name of Pikeland'' to Andrew Allen, and 
 took from him a mortgage thereon for sixteen thousand 
 pounds, part of the purchase money. In this conveyance 
 and mortgage the tract is described by the following courses 
 and distances : 
 
 " Beginning at the river Sohuylltill, thence southwest 2572 perches, 
 thence northwest 870 perches, thence northeast 1112 perches, thence 
 southeast 435 perches, thence northeast 1900 perches to Schuylltill 
 river, thence, by the course of the river, 602 perches to the beginning 
 containing 10,116 acres." 
 
 Andrew Allen sold and conveyed parcels of it to one 
 hundred and fifteen persons, and received from them the 
 purchase moneys therefor. The mortgage given by Allen 
 to Hoare not being paid, it was sued out against Allen, and 
 the one hundred and fifteen purchasers from him, as terre- 
 tenants, and the entire township — which was covered by 
 the mortgage — was sold as one tract by Ezekiel Leonard, 
 sherifiF of Chester County, and repurchased by Samuel 
 Hoare, the holder of the mortgage, and conveyed to him 
 by deed dated Aug. 26, 1789. The persons to whom 
 Allen had made sales had failed or neglected to procure 
 releases of the lands purchased by them from him of the 
 mortgage, and consequently the sheriff's sale to Hoare 
 divested their titles. They generally, however, compro- 
 mised with Hoare, and by making additional payments of 
 purchase moneys received deeds of confirmation from him. 
 Some of them, however, were unable to effect any arrange- 
 ment, and lost their lands and whatever improvements they 
 had made thereon. An examination of the proceedings on 
 the mortgage above mentioned shows that the writ sued 
 out was served on the various persons who held titles to the 
 land covered by the mortgage, either by purchase or lease, 
 and thus we are furnished with the names of those who 
 occupied lands in Pikeland at that time, and who suffered 
 in consequence of the neglect of Allen to pay the moneys 
 secured by the mortgage given by him to Hoare. Many 
 of the ancestors of the present inhabitants then resided in 
 the township. The following are the names of those given 
 in the sheriff's return, in the order by that officer made, 
 viz. : 
 
 Thomas Allison, Andrew Herman Beerbower, Conrad Belts, Martha 
 Boggs, George Chrisman, John Corle, Elias Chrisman, Philip Clinger, 
 Jacob Danfield, Frederick Dedriok, William Eachus, George Emrey, 
 John Emrey, Philip Emrey, Frederick Foos, Valentine Foos, John 
 Francis, Casper Fitting, John Griffith, David Gundy, Valentine 
 
 26 
 
 Himes, Jacob Hartmim, Conrad Henry, Lawrence Hippie, Michael 
 Holman, Stephen Holman, Peter Hartman, Henry Hippie, John Bar- 
 ley, John Hinch, Jr., Jacob Hinch, George Hinch, John Hoofman, 
 John Holmnn, Robert Hatton, Joseph Jones, Griffith John, George 
 Irie, Philip King, Widow King, Jacob Kinter, Thomas Lightfoot, 
 William Lightfoot, John Loubough, Baltzer Liidwick, Valentine Lud- 
 wick, Alexander McKinley, John Moses, Alexander McCaraher, John 
 Marsh, Jacob Meyer, John Nailor, Jacob Nailor, Eli Packer, James 
 Roosc, John Rogers, John Rice, Zachariah Rice, Christian Rice, Henry 
 Ricabaugh, Michael Royer, Frederick Strough, Frederick Smith, Leon- 
 ard Smith, Petty Smith, Christian Smith, .Ineob Steer, Henry Sloyer, 
 Conrad Sheimer, Michael Sheimer, George Snyder, Casper Snyder, 
 John Snyder, Casper Snyder, Jr., John Shoff, David Sheldrich, Peter 
 Sheink, Conrad Sherra, Christian Teamy, Peter Timber, John Urney, 
 Valentine Ornor, or Urner, John Walter, John Wagner, Philip Wag- 
 ner, Sebastian Wagner, Peter Timbler, Benjamin Shimer, Adam Stone, 
 George Weamer, James Johnston, Henry Hippie, Ludwick Emrey, 
 John Hartman, Jacob Smith, John Snyder, Thomas Francis, Leonard 
 Walker, Jacob Slyder, Philip Steptry, Peter Jacob, Joseph Lyons, 
 Samuel Boughcr, Jacob Kerns, Martin Holman, Conrad King, Joseph 
 Barton, Daniel Gnivell, Peter Rice, James Mather, John Mowrer, John 
 Yelles, and John Young. 
 
 Samuel Hoare having thus again become the owner of 
 Pikeland, appointed Benjamin Chew, Alexander Wilcocks, 
 and Benjamin Chew the younger, all of Philadelphia, his 
 attorneys-in-fact to lease or make sale of the lands. They 
 proceeded to do so, and the titles to all the lands in these 
 townships are derived from him through these or other 
 agents. Samuel Hoare never resided in this eojintry, but 
 transacted all his business here through others. 
 
 In the minutes of the county commissioners, under date 
 of 9th month 27, 1745, we find the following : 
 
 " Agreed by the Com^^ & Ass"^^ that a Petition be Perfered to the 
 Justices at the Court of Quarter Sessions held this day, the Necessity 
 Erecting of a Tract of Land in this County known by the Name of 
 Pikes Land into a Township & appointing a Constable &c. 
 
 " The Clark report that according to the Prayer of the Petitioners 
 the Court took it into Consideration & Erected the said Land into a 
 Township & Calls it Newinton & hath appointed Rich* Prichit to be 
 Constable for this Present Year, to whome the Com" have Directed 
 their warrant to." 
 
 Richard Pike's residence was at Stoke-Newington, in 
 Middlesex, England, which accounts for the name given to 
 Pikeland. The latter name, however, was too familiar in 
 the minds of the people to be superseded by any other, and 
 Newington was soon forgotten. 
 
 The assessment of Pikeland in 1747 shows that the fol- 
 lowing persons were then residing therein : 
 
 Thomas Milhouse, John Wels, Richard Prichard, Jr., Edward Wil- 
 liams, John Bowen, Robert Prichard, Daniel Prichard, John Makee, 
 Dannel Griffith, Thomas Taylor, William Tomson, Jeremiah Tomson, 
 William Hail, Evan David, Adam Ramsower, Adam Halman, George 
 Dery, John William, Hans Adam, Dugell Mcantire, Robert Hambil- 
 town, William Hambileton, Humphrey Bell, George Walker, John 
 David, David Cadwaleder, John Thomas, John Gumry, Timothy 
 Kirk, Philip Packer, Francis O'Neal, Joshua John, John Tribbey, 
 Sam' Holday, Sam' Lightfoot, Robert Rioheson, Thomas Daves, Sam' 
 Daves, John Glower, David David, Jeremiah Lewis, Michael Niel, 
 Andrew Cummens, Rich* Prichard, Sr., John Jones, Phillip Edwards, 
 Adam Stone. 
 
 Freemen. — Enouch William, John Madden, James Magee, James 
 Cammel, Thomas Cammel, James Rioheson. 
 
 When the title to Pikeland was vested in Samuel Hoare, 
 in order to encourage settlers, it was largely leased in small 
 tracts, with the right of purchase after twenty years' pos- 
 session, at a valuation then to be made. Among the first 
 settlers were Samuel Lightfoot, Thomas Milhous, and 
 
202 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Michael Lightfoot, the first of whom built the first mill in 
 that neighborhood. The operation of bolting was then 
 performed by hand. 
 
 The Chester Springs, formerly known as the Yellow 
 Springs, are located in West Pikeland township. The 
 mineral properties of the waters are said to have been dis- 
 covered as early as 1722. A house of entertainment was 
 first opened in 1750, in a log hut one story high, and not 
 very well provided with accommodations. A silversmith of 
 Philadelphia, named John Bailey, afterwards became pro- 
 prietor of the place, and erected a commodious house for 
 those days. He made considerable improvements from 
 time to time, and it became a place of resort. The next 
 proprietor was Thomas Ruston Kennedy, who administered 
 very creditably the duties of host for several years, and in 
 1806 sold it to James Bones. Mr. Bones exhibited con- 
 siderable enterprise, and under his administration it became 
 celebrated as a summer resort, and the houses were filled 
 with guests. It was a favorite watering-place for Phila- 
 delphians, many of whom annually repaired there during 
 the heated term. In 1814, Mr. Bones, who owned 153 
 acres of land in connection with the hotels, laid out a town 
 on the tract, to which he gave the name of " Bath." The 
 lots were one hundred and one in number; that which 
 embraced, the mineral spring was called the " bath-lot,'' and 
 the others were numbered from one to one hundred, each 
 of which was to have an undivided interest in the bath-lot. 
 A portion of these lots were disposed of by lottery, and, in 
 all, thirty-four lots were thus taken or sold. A few of these 
 were inclosed or built upon, but the greater number were 
 not taken by the purchasers, and remained in the possession 
 of BIr. Bones. The plat was gotten up in fine style, and 
 presented an attractive appearance, but the town flourished 
 only on paper. 
 
 In 1814 the Yellow Springs establishment fell into other 
 hands, and declined until 1820, when Mr. Bones, having 
 bought back a {)art of the property, again opened a house 
 and revived the credit of the place. Mrs. Margaret Hol- 
 man was the proprietor of the other house, — there being 
 then two hotels there, — and both she and Mr. Bones made 
 considerable improvement in their respective premises, and 
 the Springs again became a place of fashionable resort. In 
 1831, Mr. Bones conveyed the premises owned by him to 
 his son-in-law, Anthony Wayne Olwine. In 1838 the prop- 
 erty was sold at sherifi''s sale, and purchased by Margaret 
 Holman, who in 1845 sold to Dr. George Lingen about 
 37 acres, embracing the hotels and about thirty-four of the 
 lots which had constituted part of the projected town of 
 Bath. In 1847, Dr. Lingen sold the premises to Henry 
 Neef and Charles F. Hofi'endahl, and the latter in 1850 
 sold his undivided interest to Henry Neef, who thus be- 
 came sole owner, and who in 1851 conveyed the same in 
 trust for his wife, Maria L. Neef The hotel was kept by 
 Mrs. Neef until 1860, when she was succeeded by Susan 
 R. Snyder, wife of Augustus U. Snyder. The property 
 declined as a watering place, owing chiefly to its distance 
 from railroad facilities, and in 1868 ceased to be kept as 
 such. In the latter year Mr. Snyder and wife conveyed it 
 to Charles W. Deans and others, who in 1869 conveyed it 
 to the " Chester Springs Soldiers' Orphans' School and Lit- 
 
 erary Institute." Since then it has been maintained by the 
 State as a soldiers' orphans' school. The old frame house 
 which stands on the side of the hill back of the former 
 hotel buildings was erected by the direction of Gen. Wash- 
 ington during the war of the Revolution, and used as a 
 hospital for his sick and wounded soldiers. It was long 
 known as Washington Hail. 
 
 The following minute of Uwchlan Monthly Meeting, 
 dated 8, 8, 1765, shows that the Springs were then a 
 popular place of resort : 
 
 "We believe some amongst us are desirous to avoid Excess on all 
 occasions, and that our Moderation may be conspicuous in all our 
 conduct but some Instances manifest that all are not so careful as 
 they ought to bo herein : and further the Yellow Spring b^ing a Place 
 of promiscuous resort, and at this time of year in particular is made 
 a Place of Diversion we fear some Friends Children not belonging to 
 our Meeting as well as some that do, are suffered to go there without 
 any real Necessity which may be very hurtful to them in a religious 
 sense. We desire the same may become the Concern of the Quarterly 
 Meeting." 
 
 In February, 1774, Dr. Samuel Kennedy advertises the 
 Yellow Springs to be let ; saw mill-rebuilt last summer. 
 From 400 to 600 people had convened there in one day in 
 the summer. 
 
 In 1810, James Ross, a native of our county, wrote the 
 following Latin poem on the Yellow Springs : 
 
 Ih Fontem Flatdldm, Pikulianum, Pennsylvanorum. 
 
 Ad Ashbell Greek, s. s. t. u. 
 Oden Banc cum plurima salute miltit 
 
 Ja : Ross. 
 
 Quereret si quis, socios, amicos 
 Unde sanaret vacuos salute, — 
 Flavuloa fontes adeant salubres 
 
 Fontlg ad undas. 
 
 Fons et bic mitis facilisque gustu 
 Volvit ac uudaB liquidas bibenti 
 Atque potando baa, pariter lavando 
 
 Omnia cedunt. 
 
 Hujus et fontis resident sodales 
 Lucus et pratum, nemora atque colles; 
 Kupibus nee sunt scopulisve saxis, 
 
 Gramine culti. 
 
 Instar ac mentis, domibus relictis, 
 Collis assurgens superas ad auras ; 
 Destruat longas minitans et aedes, 
 
 Prvspicit agros. 
 
 Fontis ac bujuB spatia atque culta 
 Fnigibus pulchris, oculos que gratis ; 
 Hie virent foetus, segetesque et Indi, 
 
 Tritica florent. 
 
 Arbores fructus variosque fundunt. 
 Hie jacent passim cerasi atque mala ; 
 Hie vigent berbae, cucumisque melo. 
 
 Tempore quaeque. 
 
 Pluriniae silvae virides que circum, 
 Quae domoB ornant, similes cohimnis; 
 Populi ingentes nuraerisque Bertae 
 
 Haec loca adumbrant. 
 
 Atque pascentes pecudes videndae bine, . 
 
 Et boves magni reboant canori, 
 Dum greges piugues ovium vagantes 
 
 Gramina carpuut. 
 
 Quisquis aut nervis debilis, laborat 
 Aut mala tussi, veniat citatus ; 
 Quisquis aut vitet lateris dolorem ; 
 
 Has bibat uudas. 
 
 TJtilis hie fons c^pitisque poenis, 
 Mitigat valde stomaehi dolores, 
 Excitat sensum, reficitque morsuB 
 
 Tempore edendi. - 
 Fontis et vires aliae repertae, 
 Saepe et afflictis bomiimm medfetur 
 Rheumatis morbo, medici nee ansis 
 
 Artibus uti. 
 Si qniB et morbi fugoret dolores, 
 SaepiuB fontes bibat ore bianti ; 
 Quisquis boB potet liquidos habebit 
 
 Fata morata 
 Quisquis et vellet reparare corpus, 
 Adsit his, undae faeient valentem : 
 Talis est virtus, recreatque membra 
 
 Firmaque reddit. 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 203 
 
 Sentiat si qnis^imilis Catoni, 
 Yiribus parci, bibere atque vellet 
 Nil aquae mixtae, velit atquo puram, 
 
 Hanc bibat uadam. 
 
 Ergo Cnec mirum) veuiunt frequentes. 
 Gonjuges carae, juvenes, mariti, 
 Bit Benea, spousae, pueri et puellae 
 
 Dulce canentes. 
 
 Interim mites, hilaresque laoti 
 AcculmDt mensis ; dapibusque pleni. 
 Quae Bonus struxit; redeuut rifecti 
 
 Tiribus Intiis. 
 
 Aedibus J. BoNi, Equitis. 
 Octavo Kal Septembris, A.v. 1810. 
 
 Fide Am. Repub. July 25, 182G. 
 
 The township of Pikeland was divided into East Pike- 
 land and West Pikeland in 1838. Pickering Creek, a 
 considerable mill-stream, passes through these townships, 
 and East Pikeland is also crossed by French Creek. The 
 Pickering Valley Railroad leads from Bycrs' Station, near 
 the " Eagle," in Upper Uwchlan township, principally 
 along the valleys of the Pickering and French Creeks, to 
 Phoenixville, where it connects with the Reading Railroad, 
 of which it is an important feeder. 
 
 POCOPSON. 
 
 Pocopson township was formed in 1849, from parts of 
 Pennsbury, East Marlborough, N'ewlin, and West Brad- 
 ford, and was named from the stream which flows through 
 it. When the township was erected the names of Union 
 and Locust Grove were suggested, but the inhabitants had 
 the good taste to select that given to it. The township is 
 bounded on its eastern side by the Brandywine. 
 
 In the early days of the province, Benjamin Chambers, 
 of Philadelphia, took up a large quantity of land on the 
 Brandywine, which he sold to settlers. Joseph Taylor 
 purchased several hundred acres from him in 1711, and 
 afterwards built a mill on Pocopson Creek. The Mar- 
 shalls settled the northern part, and were succeeded by the 
 Bakers. A part of the lands on which Richard Barnard 
 (3d) had settled were included in that part of Newlin 
 taken in the formation of this township. 
 
 PROVIDENCE. 
 
 There were two townships of this name, organized at an 
 
 early day, and designated as Upper and Lower, or Nether, 
 
 Providence. They became a part of Delaware County in 
 
 1789. The following were the taxables therein in 1715 : 
 
 UPPER PROVIDENCE. 
 
 John Edge, Jacob Edge, Henry Miller, Sarah Powell, Thomas Wil- 
 liamson, Joseph Taylor, Peter Taylor, William Sinkler, Zachery 
 Butcher, Joseph Carter, Thomas Jones, Jacob Chandler, Jacob Malin, 
 Joshua Calvert, Daniel Calvert, John Cam, Jobe Harvey, Randall 
 Malin, Randall Croxson. 
 
 ffree m.e».— Jacob Norbury, Rich* Clayton, Thomas Norbury, John 
 
 Jones. 
 
 LOWER PROVIDENCE. 
 
 James Sharpies, Joseph Sharpies, Isaac Minshall, Jacob Vernon, 
 Joseph Vernon, Thomas Vernon, John Vernon, Henry Hasting, Wil- 
 liam Swafer, Jacob Edge, John Powell. 
 
 KAUNOK. 
 Taxables named in the assessment of 1715 : 
 Rees Price, David Harry, William Davies, John Morgan, John Jar- 
 man, Richard Arms, Edward David, Sen', William Thomas, Margrett 
 Miles (widd"), Thomas Thomns, Joseph Jones, John Dav.d, Edward 
 David, Jun', Edward Jones, John Lanworthy, Richard Richard, Evan 
 Robert, Jonathan Jones, Sarah Miles (widd'), Caleb Evans, Richard 
 Hiddins, Evan Evans, Hugh William, James Abraham, David Powell, 
 
 Thomas Evans, John Stephens, Thomas Morgan, Hugh David, Thomas 
 Lewis, John Day* Rees, John Jones, Roger Roberts, Samuel Rees, 
 David Pugh. 
 ffree men. — Lewis Williams, Jenkin Lewis, Lewis Jarman. 
 
 This township is now a part of Delaware County. 
 
 RIDLEY. 
 
 Taxables named in the assessment of 1715 : 
 
 Jacob Simcock, Joseph Harvey, John Stedman, John Hnndby, 
 Thomas Dell, John Sharpies, Jacob Simcock, Ju**, John Simcock, Jo- 
 seph Powell, John Crossby, Lawrence ffriend & Gabriel, Amus Nich- 
 olas, Enoch Enochson, George Brown, Andrew Hendriok, George 
 Vanouline. Andrew Torton, Hance Torton, Andrew Morton, John 
 Ilendrick, Andrew Morton, Jun', John Orchard, Isarel Taylor, An- 
 drew Morton, Jonathan Hood, Obediah Bonsall. 
 
 This township is now a part of Delaware County. 
 
 SADSBURY. 
 
 In old records this is sometimes written Sudbury, and 
 it may have been named for Sudbury in the county of Suf- 
 folk, England. The name of Sadsbury occurs as early as 
 J.une 1, 1708, in a deed for land therein, but the township 
 was not organized till 1717. That part of the township 
 lying in the Great Valley was taken up at an early date in 
 right of purchases made in England, and that part north 
 of the valley at a somewhat later period. 
 
 In 1718 the taxables were but nine in number, — Wil- 
 liam Grimson, James Hamer, Thomas Hayward, John 
 Musgrave, William Smith, Moses Musgrave, William 
 Marsh, John White.sidcs, and John Moor. For several 
 years after this Sadsbury and Fallowfield formed one as- 
 sessment district. The first township officer mentioned 
 was William Mash (Marsh), who appeared at court Nov. 
 26, 1717, and was succeeded, 1718, by William Grimson ; 
 1719, by Moses Musgrove; 1720, by William Smith ; 1721, 
 by Robert Stanford ; 1722, by John Musgrave; 1723, by 
 Gainer Peiroe ; 1724, by David Hastings ; 1725, by Simeon 
 Woodrow ; 1726, by John Bowles ; ' 1727, by George 
 Leonard ; 1728, by James Swaff'er (E. S.) and John 
 Guy (W. S.) ; 1729, by Amos Williams (B. S.) and John 
 Matthews (W. S.) ; 1730, John Minshall. 
 
 The following petition was presented to the August 
 court, 1728 : 
 
 " The Petition of the Inhabitants of Sadbury Sheweth That Whereas 
 we your petitioners humbly Conceiving The Great Necessity There is 
 of haveing our Township distinctly Located and bounded from the 
 Township of fallowfield, and further Conceiving the hardship Imposed 
 upon our Constable and other officers in our Township To serve both 
 in Sadsbury and fallowfield for the Want of y° Two Townships being 
 divided and their bounds Separately Known We, your Petitioners, 
 humbly take Leave to Exhibitt to you how far the Township of Sads- 
 bury, since it was so Called and Settled Extends (viz) The east end 
 beginning in y^ Land that was formerly Nathan Dick's, but now in 
 the possession of Samuel Jones and AVilliam Miekle, and from thence 
 a Long y° valley to y' Land and Plantation of Caleb Pierce, being 
 seven miles in Length, and in breadth, three miles Consistent With 
 the Length aforesaid, making the South Mountain the division Line 
 Betwen Sadsbury and fallowfield Now your Petitioners Craves That 
 you Would be pleased to take the premises to your Mature Consider- 
 ation, and Grant that our township of Sadsbury, may be hereafter 
 Setled, Located and bounded Within the Limits aboves* and that our 
 Constable over seers of y^ poor and of high Ways may be no other 
 ways Burthened then To serve as their several and Respective duties 
 may Command within our Township of Sadsbury Exempt and Clear 
 from fallowfield, and your Petitioners Will Gratefully acknowledg y° 
 
204 
 
 HISTOKY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 " William Mash, Samuel Jones, William Dickie, William Miekle, 
 Caleb Piereo, Samuel Miller, Francis Jones, James Williams, Ritehard 
 Coblen, James Swaffer, William Grimson, Amos Williams, Samuel 
 Jack, Andrew Moore, Roheit Boyd, John Henderson, James Boyd, 
 Daniel Henderson, Adam Boyd, Richard Moore, John Minshall. 
 
 At a court held Nov. 27, 1728, it was ordered that, — 
 
 "Upon the Petition of the Inhabitants of the Township of Sadbury, 
 in the said County, praying that the said Township of Sadbury may 
 be Divided, made into Two Townships and called East and West Sad- 
 bury, and that the Township of fallowfield may be separated from 
 Sadbury and made one Inliro Township as heretofore it has been, as 
 also that the limilts of j= said Three Townships may be fully Deter- 
 mined. Its ordered that the said Township of Sad.-bury shallbe 
 Divided into Two Townships and y" Eastern part thereof called East 
 Sadbury, shall be Bounded as followeth : Beginning at the South 
 East Corner of Caleb Pierce's Land by Octararoe Creek, thence along 
 the South lines of the Lands late of Isaac Taylor, John Powell, Sar.ih 
 Weight, the heirs of John Weight, Wm. Marsh, Wm. Grimson, and 
 Nathaniel Dicks, to the South Bast Corner of thrfsaid Dicks' Land, 
 and from thence along the mountains on the south side of the Great 
 Valley, to the settled Western Boundaries of y' Township of Cain, 
 and from thence Crossing the Valley by the west line of y« Land late 
 of William Flemming, to the far side of the plantation, late of Arthur 
 White on the Top of the mountain on the north side of the Valley, 
 and from thence to the north side of the Land Surveyed to Francis 
 Worley, and thence along the top of the Ridge of mountains that 
 Divides the Branches of Brandywine from y® Branches of Doe Run 
 and Octararoe to the top of the mountain opposite to y« North East 
 Corner of the Land, late of William Pusey, thence along y« Top of 
 the said mountain to the North East Corner of a Tract of Land late 
 of Thomas Hayward, thence along the East line of the said Tract to 
 y« South East Corner thereof, and from thence along the East line of 
 a Tract of Land Surveyed for the proprietor's use to the South East 
 Corner of y^ same, and from thence to the North East Corner of the 
 said Caleb Pierce's Land, and then down the said Caleb Pierce's line 
 to the Begining,- and it is also ordered that the Western Division of 
 the said Township of Sadbury shall be bounded as is hereinafter 
 mentioned, viz. ; Begining at the said North East Corner of the said 
 Thomas Hayward's Land, and from thence Extending Westward 
 along the Top of the mountain that Divides the Branches of Pequea 
 and Beaver Creek from those of Octararoe, to the North West Corner 
 of John Kyle's Land, and from thence by y^ Western line of the said 
 Kyle's Land, to the South West Corner thereof, and Extending from 
 thence South six hundred perches, and tben East to Octararoe Creek, 
 and thence up the said Greek to the South East Corner of the said 
 Caleb Pierce's Land, and thence by the line of East Sadbury to the 
 Beginning." 
 
 Upon the erection of Lancaster County, in 1729, the 
 line between the two divisions of the township was made 
 to conform to the county line. 
 
 In 1813 the line between Sadsbury and West Cain 
 townships, at its eastern end, was relocated and settled. In 
 1852, Sadsbury was reduced in size by the formation of 
 Valley township, previous to which it extended eastward 
 to the Brandywine at Coatesvillc. 
 
 In 1867 the township was divided by decree of court 
 into two election districts, the Limestone road being made 
 the division line, and the places of voting fixed at Sads- 
 buryville for the eastern division, and the " Swan'' for the 
 western division. 
 
 The township was further reduced in size by the erection 
 of the borough of Parkesburg, by act of Assembly of March 
 1, 1872, and by the erection of the borough of Ato-len, 
 by decree of court of Dec. 20, 1875. The latter borough 
 includes within its limits the former village of Penn- 
 ingtonville. 
 
 In 1878 the township was divided and West Sadsbury 
 
 erected, the line being the same that had separated the two 
 election districts since 1867. 
 
 The early settlers were a mixture of Friends from Eng- 
 land, and of Scotch-Irish Presbyterians. The Friends 
 came first, and were followed by the Presbyterians. 
 
 As a historical item worth preserving, it may be men- 
 tioned that about the close of the late war with Great 
 Britain there seems to have been a mania for laying out 
 towns. John Pettit, who was the owner of a tavern-house 
 and 50 acres of land in Sadsbury township, Chester County, 
 on the Lancaster and Philadelphia turnpike road, sold it, 
 in the year 1814, to Abraham Brenneman and others for 
 the sum of $16,000. They laid out thereon a town, to 
 which they gave the name of " Moscow." Lots were sold 
 to various persons at prices ranging from $250 to $500, 
 calling for such streets as Cossacks, Wyburg, Alexander, 
 Charlesburg, and others. One lot was set apart for a church, 
 and another for a seminary. Fifteen lots, including the 
 tavern-house, and containing altogether about four acres, 
 were sold to Daniel Heister and John Duer for $8000. 
 
 The town flourished, however, only on paper. The plot 
 was gotten up in fine style, and presented an attractive ap- 
 pearance. The project failed, and the lots which had been 
 purchased for $8000, and on which a prudent money-loaner 
 had invested $3000 on mortgage, were sold by the sheriff 
 for $1300. Cossacks Street became again the common turn- 
 pike-road, and the others returned to the bosom of the farm 
 from which they had sprung. 
 
 It was on this property the " Moscow Academy" was 
 subsequently located, and from which it derived its name. 
 
 Among other noted citizens of Sadsbury township in the 
 olden time were Col. Andrew Boyd, son of Rev. Adam 
 Boyd, who was, during a part of the Revolutionary war, 
 lieutenant of the county of Chester, a position of much re- 
 sponsibility ; John Fleming, Sr., who was a member of the 
 convention which framed the State Constitution in 1776, 
 and also of the Assembly in 1778 ; Dr. Joseph Gardner, 
 who was an active man among the Revolutionary patriots of 
 Chester County, was three years a member of Assembly, a 
 counselor of the colony in 1779, and a member of the Con- 
 tinental Congress in 1784-85; and John Gardner, son of 
 Dr. Joseph Gardner, who was also active during the war 
 of the Revolution, and was sheriff of the county from 1781- 
 83, to which office he was unanimously elected. 
 
 The following were the taxables in 1753 : 
 
 Adam Boyd, W" Boyd, Daniel Henderson, Rachel Moor, Tho' Tru- 
 man, W" Marsh, Gravcnor Marsh, W™ Armstrong, W" Moor, jun', 
 Michael Finley, Joseph Cowan, James Williams, Joseph Williams, 
 Wm Moor (miller), James Boyd (farmer), James Boyd (smith), James 
 Boyd (weaver), James Maharey, Robert Miller, And" McCleary, John 
 Hamic, Wm Ramsy, Rob' Gilky, David Caldwell, Alex' Simrcl, Rob' 
 Cowan, Sam. Erwin, James Miller, John Jones, James Adair, Job 
 Hasting, Robert Boyd, Andrew Stirling, W™ Mitchell, Rob' Kerr, 
 Tho' Hope, Geo. Wilkin, John Scott, James Patton, Miles Swiny, 
 John Kinkead, Hugh Cowan, Walter Gilkey, John Shaw, Robert Pat- 
 ton, John MoPharson, W"> Gilkey, John Dickey, Walter Stuart, Jo- 
 seph Powell, James Montgomery, Robert Cooper, James Sharp, 
 Barney Curry, David Beard, Hugh McCown, W™ Cowan, W" Gamble, 
 Bob' Lucky, W™ Sim. nds, Tho" Bullard, Henry Marsh. 
 
 Inmates. — Jas. MoCown, Jas. Leonard, Joseph Talford, Edw* Cun- 
 ingham, Dan' Smith, Henry Oneal, Lev' Huston, Jas. Kenan, John 
 Kinkead, Charles Ackles, Sam. Miller, W"" Moor, John Wray, W™ 
 Beaty, jun', W" Henderson, Joseph McDowol, W™ Beaty (farmer), 
 John McDonald, Rob' Allison, John Gamble, Joseph Rickdiondi -;■ • 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 205 
 
 Freemen.— John MoCasson, Neal Oinalian, John Robb, Patrick 
 Pike, W" Brown, Henry Goorly, Sam. Rankin, Gerrard Allison. 
 
 Poor Men and Women.— Jus. Allison, Marg» Craighead, Elizabeth 
 Hutcheson, Susannah McCalb. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 William Armstrong, James Blelook, James Boyd, Thomas Boyd, 
 Andrew Boyd, Matthew Boyd, George Boyd, Thomas Bulla, Jonah 
 Chamberlin, Robert Cowan, Hugh Cowan, Joseph Cowan, Samuel 
 MoClellan, James MoClellan, David MoClure, John Elton, Gideon 
 Brwin, Josiah Erwin, Thomas Davis, Rev. Wm. Foster, William Ful- 
 ton, John Henry, Joseph Henderson, Robert Hope, Thomas Heslip, 
 Chas. Kinkaid, George Kenny, John Moore, Andrew Moore, William 
 Marsh, Henry Marsh, James Miller, Thomas Maxfield, William 
 Moore, Samuel Martin, Gravner Marsh, Robert MoPherson, Alex- 
 ander MePherson, Joseph Parke, Esq., William Powell, William Pim, 
 John Lee, John Lee, jr., George Richmond, James Sharp, John 
 Sharp, Andrew Stewart, John Scott, Thomas Truman, John Truman, 
 Joel Willis, James Williams, Joseph Williams, William Wilkins, 
 John Wilkins, Anthony Robertson, George Robison, John Taylor, 
 Andrew Wilson. 
 
 SCHUYLKILL. 
 
 This township was formed from Charlestown in 1826, 
 and received its name from the river which forms its east- 
 ern boundary. 
 
 At the time of the Revolution the township was inhabited 
 (among others) by families bearing the names of Anderson, 
 Buzzard, Boyer, Buckwalter, Bodley, Bartholomew, Coates, 
 Coxe, Davis, Dehaven, Bach, Fussell, Grififith, James, Ken- 
 nedy, Longstreth, Maris, Miller, Moore, Roberts, Penny- 
 packer, Rapp, Robinson, Rossiter, Starr, Steward, Schofield, 
 Wagoner, and Wersler. Families bearing these surnames 
 yet reside in the township or its neighborhood. 
 
 The borough of Phoenixville was formed from the town- 
 ship of Schuylkill, and incorporated by decree of court 
 made March 6, 1849. 
 
 Moore Hall, in this township, was, a hundred years ago, 
 one of the most aristocratic mansions of that day in the 
 county. After the death of the proprietor, William Moore, 
 in 1783, the place was advertised for sale or rent, and de- 
 scribed as " The elegant seat of the late William Moore, 
 Esq," near 600 acres; "a very valuable grist-mill;" "the 
 river Schuylkill, which bounds the lands for a considerable 
 distance, affords a great shad-fishery during the season," etc. 
 A view of the place is herein given. 
 
 SPRING CITY. 
 The borough of Springville, on the Schuylkill River, was 
 taken from the eastern part of East Vincent township and 
 incorporated by a decree of court in 1867. In 1872 the 
 name was changed to Spring City. This change was made 
 so that the name of the town and post-office might be the 
 same. The post-office at this place was originally called 
 East Vincent, and when a change became desirable it was 
 found that there was already an office called Springville in 
 Pennsylvania, and hence the necessity that another name 
 should be selected. The name of Spring City was adopted 
 and conferred upon the post-office, and the name of the 
 borough altered to correspond with it. 
 
 SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 Taxables named in the assessment of 1715 : 
 
 Pami Levis, Bartholomew Coppook, Jun', Jonathan Coppook, John 
 
 Marris, George Marris, Rich* Marris, Bartho^ Coppock, Sen', Wm : 
 
 West, Isaac Taylor, Sen', Isaac Taylor, Jun', Samuel Hall, James 
 
 Barrot, Thomas Poe, Thomas Jaylor, George James, Rioh« Wood- 
 
 ward, John Gleve, George Lowns, Nioho. Smith, Thomas Kendall, 
 Mordecai Madook, William Miller. 
 free Men.— John Worrall, Will" Birran. 
 
 In this township was born Benjamin West, the cele- 
 brated painter. It is now a part of Delaware County. 
 
 THORNBURY. 
 
 Thornbury township was named from Thornbury, in 
 Gloucestershire, England. One of the earliest and most 
 influential inhabitants of this township was George Peirce, 
 whose wife was a native of Thornbury, in England, and 
 the township was named in compliment to her. It was 
 organized in the year 1687 by the appointment of Hugh 
 Durborrow as constable, when not more than five or six 
 families had settled within its limits. It was surveyed in 
 right of the first purchasers. This township, and Bir- 
 mingham and Westtown, are the only townships within 
 the present limits of Chester County which were organized 
 before 1704. » 
 
 When Delaware County was erected, in the year 1789, 
 the townships of Thornbury and Birmingham were divided, 
 as stated on page 120. Thornbury in Chester County con- 
 tains but about one-fourth of the territory of the original 
 township, and is one of the smallest townships in the 
 
 county. 
 
 THORNBURY RATE, 1715. 
 
 Henry Niiyle 3 
 
 John Willis 10 
 
 George Pearce 6 
 
 Isano Taylor 14 
 
 William Brinton 1 
 
 Jonathan Thatcher 4 
 
 John Davis 
 
 Philip Taylor fl 
 
 John Yearsley 
 
 Thomas Evenson 
 
 Richward Woodward.... 
 Wm: Pile, land in Kenet 
 
 Joseph Brinton 
 
 Jacob Vernon 
 
 Joseph Baker 
 
 Thomas Masscr 
 
 Rich^ Evenson 
 
 John Pile 
 
 Richard Arnold 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 9 
 
 8 11 
 
 3 9 
 
 4 10 
 6 
 
 3 10 
 1- 6 
 
 John Stringer 9 
 
 Land Not Settled. 
 
 JohnBeller 14 2 
 
 William Bostock 4 7 
 
 Mathew Andrews 13 
 
 Joseph Edwards 10 
 
 ffi'ee Men. 
 
 Peter Hatton, for ) 
 his land in Kenet. ) 
 
 Rich* Arnold, Jun' 
 
 Jacob Benet 
 
 John Benet 
 
 Nicho. Rogers 
 
 Nehemiah Ogden 
 
 3 4 
 
 7 9 3 
 
 TAXABLES IN 1753. 
 
 John Taylor, Joseph Eveson, Benjamin Cox, John Woodward, 
 John Pierce, Nathaniel Eveson, Richard Thatcher, W" Pyle, John 
 Brinton, Nathan Yearsley, Stephen Taylor, Richard Eveson, Isaac 
 Davis, Isaac Yearsley, Thomas Yarnall, Richard Parks, Mary Brin- 
 ton, JflS Vernon, Eliz : Vernon, Ann Cheyney, Susannah Pyle, Mary 
 Taylor, Robt. Mercer, John Hague, Simon Hampton, Edward Green, 
 Caleb Brinton, Abra" Vernon, Jacob Pyle, Israel Pyle, Israel How- 
 ell, Joshua Hoopes, Jo" Gilpin, Sam' Hampton, Abra" Sharpless, 
 John Taylor, George Marris, David Lewis, Enos Lewis, Evan Lewis, 
 John Kimbler, Sam' Underwood, John Larkin, James Hessington, 
 Caleb Pierce. 
 
 Freemen.— Banrj Guess, Jn» Hickman, Jacob Taylor, George Mace. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 John Cheyney, Joseph Cheyney,. Thomas Cheyney, Joshua Hoops, 
 William Dunwoody, George Hunter, John Kimbler, William Elliott, 
 William Johnston, James Rainage, Jeremiah Pennell, Nehemiah 
 Baker, Joseph Hemphill, Daniel Broomal, Persifor Frazer, Daniel 
 Calvert, Dennis McCay, Wm. Williamson, Benj. Jpnhson, Benj. 
 Jones, Jacob Vernon, Thomas Hickman, Richard Goodwin, Thomas 
 Howell, Israel Pyle, AVm. Beaumont, Daniel Thompson, Henry Guest, 
 David Baker, Isaac Taylor, Samuel Mendcnhall, Richard Parks, 
 Thomas Taylor, David Lewis, John Pierce, Wm. Thatcher, John 
 Pierce, John Brinton, Caleb Pierce, William Reed, Jacob Sharpless, 
 Benjamin Cox, Sen., Benjamin Cox, Jr., Stephen Taylor, William 
 Armen, Richard Evanson, George Evanson, Isaac Davis, Thomas Gib- 
 boos, GeorgeBrinton, Joseph Dilworth, William Pyle, Caleb Brinton, 
 George Fryer, William Ilawley, Thomas Mercer, John Woodward. 
 
206 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTr, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 TEEDypPRIN. 
 
 Tredyffrin township is situated in the Great Valley, in 
 the most easterly part of the county. It is part of a large 
 tract which was surveyed for the Welsh, and was principally 
 taken up and settled by them. The name is Welsh, and 
 signifies " valley town or township." Tre or Tref is the 
 Welsh for " town" or " township," and Byffrin is a " wide, 
 cultivated valley," hence the compound, Tredyffrin, the town 
 or township in the wide, cultivated valley, — a very appro- 
 priate name. The township is sometimes called Valleytown 
 or Valleyton in old writings, — an evident effort to Anglicize 
 the name. In a deed of conveyance from Lewis Walker to 
 Llewellyn David, in 1708, the grantor is recited as " of the 
 township of Valleyton, in the county of Chester." The 
 name Tredyffrin has been said by some historical writers 
 to signify " stony valley," but this is not correct. In the 
 assessment for taxes made in the year 1 722 the name is 
 spelled " Tre : yk : Dtpfryn." 
 
 The date of the organization of the township is not cer- 
 tainly known, but it was prior to the year 1707, as in that 
 year Thomas David represented the township as constable. 
 In the assessment of 172:i, referred to, the following names 
 of resident laud-owners are given, viz. : 
 
 James Abraham, Morris David, Hugh David, James David, Sr., 
 John David, Henry David, Thomas David, James Davies, William 
 Davies, Timothy Davies, Stephen Evans, Lewis Evans, William 
 Evans, Thomas Godfrey, John Howell, Mark Hubbert, Thomas Hub- 
 bert, Griffith Jones, Griffith Jones, Jr., Thomas Jerman, Thomas 
 James, Jenkin Lewis, James Parry, John liobert, Owen Roblyn, 
 Thomas Martin, Samuel Richard, John Kichard, Daniel Walker, and 
 Lewis Walker. 
 
 These persons were nearly all Welsh, as their names in- 
 dicate. 
 
 A rule seems to have been adopted at an early period 
 that the land-owners should serve in the office of constable 
 by turns. The following is a list of those who filled that 
 office from 1707 to 1753, taken from a memorandum which 
 appears to have been made by Samuel Havard about the 
 latter year, viz. : 
 
 Thomas David, Griffith John, Rowland Richard, John David 
 Thomas, Owen Gethen, Stephen Evans, John Roberts, Lewis Walker, 
 Thomas Martin, Thomas Godfrey, Llewellyn David, James Abram, 
 James David, James Parry, John David Griffith, John Howell, Ed- 
 ward Hues (Hewes ?), Christopher Oltey, Griffith John, Thomas Hub- 
 bard, Daniel Walker, Griffith John, Timothy David, Thomas Lloyd, 
 Jenkin Lewis, John Havard, Kichard Evans, Thomas James, John 
 Thomas Taylor, Nicholas John, James David, Abel Walker, James 
 Gilchrist, David Evans, William Evans, William Sharp, John Mitch- 
 ell, Enoch Walker, John Rowland, William Rowland, Thomas John. 
 
 The following persons, as appears by the same memoran- 
 dum, were supervisors of roads between the years 1725 and 
 1753, viz. : 
 
 David John, .Thomas James, John David, Thomas Martin, Stephen 
 Evans, Thomas Godfrey, James Abram, Owen Kodger, Isaac Walker, 
 Jenkin Philip, Enoch Walker, Thomas Walter, Isaac David, James 
 David, Jr., Griffith John, John Parry, Stephen David, Samuel Rich- 
 ard, Humphrey Wayne, Edward Powell, Jenkin Lewis, Timothy 
 David, Daniel Walker, Joseph Mitchell, John Havard, Richard 
 Evans, William Sharp, and Thomas John. 
 
 The memorandum referred to also contains the names of 
 the overseers of the poor of the township from 1720 to 
 1753, two persons being elected to that office each year, 
 but it would prolong this article too much to give them 
 
 here. Many of them are the same persons whose names 
 have been already given as having filled the offices of con- 
 stable and supervisor. 
 
 The population of the township, as this list of names 
 indicates, was in early times largely Welsh. Gradually, 
 however, its character in this respect changed, as peoj)le of 
 other nationalities settled in the township, until at the pres- 
 ent time very few of the surnames of the original settlers 
 are to be found on the map of the township. 
 
 " TRETEDIFFRYN RATE," 1715. 
 
 £ a. d. 
 Thomas .larman. Sen'.... 1 11 
 
 Lewis Walker 2 
 
 Stephen Evans I 
 
 Rowland Richard 2 
 
 Griffith John 18 
 
 John Robert 10 
 
 James David 2 
 
 Margaret Watters 10 
 
 John David 16 
 
 John Davii Howell 6 
 
 Thomas Godfrey 1 
 
 Thomas Rees 10 
 
 Owen Gethen 10 
 
 John D* Griffith 16 
 
 Thomas Hubbert 6 
 
 Llewellin David 16 
 
 £ a. d. 
 
 Thomas Jarman, Ju' 3 
 
 James Parry 6 
 
 Henry John 10 
 
 David Evans 10 
 
 Thomas David 1 10 
 
 Thomas Martin 10 
 
 Non-re»ident Land. 
 
 Capt. Nordant 4 2 
 
 Benjamin Davies 3 9 
 
 Mordecai Moore 4 2 
 
 William Evans 1 ,S 
 
 Total.. 
 
 2 2 3 
 
 TAXABLES IN 1753. 
 
 Thomas W.iters, Stephen Evans, William Currey, Thomas Godfrey, 
 Isaac Walker, Samuel John, Daniel Walker, Samuel Richerd, William 
 Malcher, James David, David Jones, Joseph Mitchell, Isaac Davis, 
 Rowland Richerd, John Davis (minister), John Kinkead, John Row- 
 land (miller), Elizabeth Parrey, James David (tailor), Israel David, 
 Hannah Davis, John Grono, Stephen Hubbert, Thomas Hubbert, Jar- 
 man Walker, Richard Evans, William Evans, Conrad Young, Evan 
 David, William Sharp, John Jones, Sampson Davis, Isaac Lewis, 
 James McKan, Thomas Jones, John Havard, John Havard, Sarah 
 Davis, Samuel Lowns, Ben. Robison, John butler, Joseph bundox, 
 Sam^ Havard, Michel Wills, Frederick Lawrence, Jacob Kitinger, 
 Hance Rigler, Jacob Houser, Evan Thomas, Thomas H ubbard, Thomas 
 Rowland, Thomas Martin, Margaret Glascow, William Hayes (?), Sam. 
 Dunkin, David John, Joseph Tucker. 
 
 Freemen. — Jacob Sliter, Elexander McDowel, Ben. Jones, John 
 Thomas, John Darby, Thomas Tucker, Joshua Evans, .Tobn Evans, 
 Rich<^ Kelly, John McKinley, James Thomas, John Hutchin. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 Henry Bear, John Brown, William Barnes, John Beaver, John 
 Baker, Jacob Baugb, Rich'd Carrie, Sarah Christie, William Clayton, 
 John Cloyd, Henry Castlebury, Isaac Davis, Benj'n Davis, Dr. John 
 Davis, Rev. John Davis, James Davis, David Davis, Samuel Davis, 
 Joel Evans, Jonathan Evans, Josiah Evans, Jacob Friok, Adam Gider, 
 John Gronow, John Havard, David Havard, Abram Hate, David 
 Howel, Jacob Huzzard, Samuel Havard, Rich'd Horton, David John, 
 Samuel John, Esler James, Stophel Kittleman, John Keck, William 
 Potts, Abel Thomas, Alexander Logan, Peter Mather, Anthony Moore, 
 Joseph Mitchell, James Miles, Richard Miles, Enos Miles, Dewees & 
 Potts, John Peck, Thomas Penington, Judith Rees, Samuel Richard, 
 Abel Reese, John Rowland, Jonathan Rowland, Michael Reed, Adnm 
 Rlckabaugh, Rev. John Simonton, Jacob Sypher, Paul Sharaddin, 
 Abijah Stephen, Peter Stikoler, Daniel Showalder, Felty Showalder, 
 John Showalder, Conrad Snider, Benj'n Thomas, Philip Upright 
 (Epright?), Thomas Walter, Joseph Walker, Jacob Walker, Joel 
 Watts, John Wilson, Christian Workizer, Hannah Wetherby, Thomas 
 Hampton, Mary Pugh, John Maxfield, Levi John, Caleb Smedley, 
 Charles Ramsay, Charles Pennington, John Nailer, James Aspin, 
 Lewis Gronow. 
 
 "TURPEHOCKIN." 
 The rate for 1725 was as follows: 
 
 Leonard Steak, Jacob Perker, Pelcr Torn, Jery Shimp, Hannus 
 Moore, Michaell Miser, Jacob Cobb, Adam Leth, Phillip Brown, 
 Nicholas Shaffer, Godfry ffidler, Jacob Covall, Peter ffeak, Peter Reet, 
 Johannes Cons, Hans Jery Heine, Michaell Shaffer, Abram Lowk, 
 ffrederick Shaffer, Martin Sherva, Miohaell Emris, John ffurr, Leonard 
 
rh 
 OS 
 
 rt- 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 207 
 
 Reed, Palsus Anspach, Poston ffisher, Jttsper Reed, Cynrad Tiffibaoh, 
 Jery Reed, Hans Adam Sheets, Storull Stump, Jery Lesh, Adam Wall- 
 pum, CynrodX3ulpman, Hans Jery Sny, Jacob ffragmen, Miohaell Eruff. 
 
 Tulpehoeken township became a part of Lancaster County 
 in 1729, and of Berks County in 1752. 
 
 UWOflLAN AND UPPER UWCHLAN. 
 
 The name Uwchlan is Welsh, and signifies "upland," or 
 "higher than or above the valley." It is spelled in old writ- 
 ings TwcMan. These townships were principally settled 
 by Welsh Friends about the year 1712, and later, under the 
 auspices of David Lloyd, of Chester, who took up large 
 tracts of land, which he sold to settlers. John Cadwalader 
 purchased 250 acres from him by deed, June 2, 1715, and 
 on Jan. 16, 1716, he sold the same lands to Thomas 
 Fell, " excepting a small piece of ground on the side of the 
 King's road, which the said John Cadwalader allotted for 
 a burying-ground, and to set a meeting-house for the use of 
 the people called Quakers." In 1722 this property (then 
 owned by William Harvey) was conveyed to Evan Evans, 
 and the same reservation made. This piece -of ground 
 thus reserved is that now occupied by the Friends' meet- 
 ing-house and graveyard at Lionville. 
 
 Among the early settlers were GrifiBth John and Samuel 
 John, both ministers in the society, neither of whom could 
 ever speak English free from a strong tincture of their native 
 dialect. They were sons of John Philip, or Philips, and 
 Ellen, his wife, taking their father's Christian name for 
 their surname,, as was the custom among the Welsh. 
 
 A large tract of land in Uwchlan was purchased by Evan 
 Evans, who came from Treeglws, in Montgomeryshire, 
 Wales, in 1722. His grandson, of the same name, was a 
 member of Assembly from this county from 1780 to 1783, 
 both inclusive, and his descendants are among the promi- 
 nent citizens of these townships at the present day. 
 
 Among the early settlers of Uwchlan were David Cad- 
 walader, John Evans, James Pugh, Cadwalader John, or 
 Jones, Robert Benson, John David, Morris Rees, James 
 Rees, David Evans, Humphrey Lloyd, David Lloyd, Grif- 
 fith and Samuel John, Joseph Phipps, Noble Butler, Rees 
 Jones, David Davies, Evan Evans, Thomas John, and the 
 Philips family. 
 
 The reader will notice on the map of Upper Uwchlan 
 that on the eastern side of it there is an extension of the 
 township into West Vincent, the latter township surround- 
 ing that part of Upper Uwchlan on three sides. That 
 portion of Uwchlan originally formed a part of the lands 
 belonging to Sir Mathias Vincent, Dr. Daniel Cox, and 
 others, now constituting the Vincents, and which were orig- 
 inally known as " Cox and company's 30,000 acres." The 
 taxes on this land remaining unpaid from the 29th of Sep- 
 tember, 1687, until the 29th of September, 1715, suit was 
 brought for their recovery by John Simcock, clerk of the 
 county courts, in the name of William Penu, and a writ of 
 execution was granted by the court Aug. 30, 1717, and a 
 portion of the tract of 30,000 acres, containing 467 acres 
 was seized, and sold by Nicholas Fairlamb, sheriff, to David 
 Lloyd, of Chester, for £50, and confirmed to him by deed 
 of Feb 24 1717-8. This tract thus sold for taxes is 
 that part of Upper Uwchlan to which reference is made as 
 
 being surrounded on three sides by West Vincent, and 
 which thus passed to the ownership of David Lloyd. 
 
 About the year 1738 the boundaries of Uwchlan were 
 (rather loosely) defined by the court, as is shown by the 
 following record in the office of the clerk of the courts : 
 
 " Upon the petition of the inhabitants of the township of Uwchlan, 
 praying that the limits of the said township may be fully determined; 
 its ordered that the said township includes all the lands surveyed or 
 taken up on the cast side of the North Branch of Brandywinc Creek, 
 with the lands of Richard Webb and Nathan Evans, on the said 
 Branch, and all the lands surveyed or taken up (on this side the 
 mountain behind the land of William Philip) from the said Branch 
 to the upper corner of a tract of land laid out to one Dr. Daniel Cox 
 & Company, and then the said township to be bounded by the line of 
 the said tract to the land now or late of David Lloyd, formerly taken 
 in execution and cut off from the said tract laid out to the said Dr. 
 Cox & Company, and then by the lines of the said land now or late 
 of the said David Lloyd, round to the aforesaid line of the land of 
 the said Dr. Cox & Company, and then by the said Cox's line to the 
 land of Joseph Pyke, (Pike) and by the said Pyke's line to his south- 
 east corner, and then extending the said Pyke's line to the top of the 
 Valley Mountain, and along the top of the said mountain, including 
 all the lands surveyed, taken up or settled in the said mountains to 
 the said Branch of Brandywine creek." 
 
 It will be seen from the above record that in defining 
 the bounds of Uwchlan that part of Vincent township 
 then known as Cox and company's lands, which had been 
 sold for taxes and purchased by David Lloyd, was included 
 within the limits of Uwchlan, and thus became part of it. 
 This was probably done at the instance of David Lloyd, 
 who had large interests in Uwchlan, or of whoever had 
 then become the owner of the lands. The associations of 
 those residing thereon were probably more with the inhab- 
 itants of Uwchlan than of Vincent, and hence the desire 
 to have those lands attached to the former township. 
 
 There is evidence that David Lloyd tried to get posses- 
 sion of this land several years before, and it is quite possi- 
 ble he may have suggested what part of Cox's tract it 
 would be well to seize for taxes. 
 
 In 1728 he sold to John Vaughan 200 acres, which 
 afterwards became the property of his son, Jonathan 
 Vaughan. The latter, with his wife Ann, on Sept. 21, 
 1761, conveyed the same to Dennis Whelen, with the brick 
 house thereon, known as the " Red Lion." Whelen also 
 purchased other lands adjoining, and had the following ad- 
 vertisement inserted in a Philadelphia newspaper of 1762: 
 
 ii TTThereas, DENNIS WHELEN, at the sign of the Red Lion, 
 VV in the county of Chester, hath purchased a considerable 
 Interest in Lands at the Place aforesaid, which is so situate on the 
 Provincial Road leading from Philadelphia to Harris's Ferry, where 
 several other considerable Roads also meet and join the same at and 
 near Uwohland Meeting-house, as to render the Situation very suita- 
 ble for a Town, and a number of Persons having applied for Lots for 
 that purpose; in consideration whereof the said Dennis Whelen hath 
 laid out a Number of Lots to accommodate the Appliers, white the 
 conveniences are so large that several Hundreds of Builders or Ten- 
 ants may be served with dry and wholesome Lots. Those of them 
 now laid out are 60 feet wide and 250 deep ; proposed to be Ictt at 
 three Dollars per Annum yearly Rent, or the Value thereof, with a 
 Condition that the Tenants may purchase when they please, upon 
 paying 20 Years Rent. The said Town to be named Welsh-Pool, 
 after a place in Wales, from whence the late Judge David Lloyd 
 come, who had been formerly Owner of this Place. It is proposed 
 that when 20 Tenants come and enter, then the said Dennis Whelen, 
 for himself and his Heirs, shall enter into the necessary Articles to 
 secure the Tenants in their Possessions, with the Streets, <tc. — It may 
 be further observed that the Place aforesaid proposed for the Town, is 
 
208 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 situate in a populous Part of the Country, numerous Travellers 
 daily passing and repassing, and many saw-mills and Merehant-mills 
 on every side of the same, not far distant, with Stone, Timber and 
 other Materials for Building, &o. — Persons of one religious Society, 
 to the Number of 20, taking so many several Lots in said Plaue, shall 
 have one Acre of Ground freely given for a Place of Worship, Bury- 
 ing-ground and School-house, provided they make timely Application. 
 A Plan of the Beginning of the Allotment is to be seen on the Premises, 
 where the Provincial Road is to be the Main Street, and enlarged to 
 80 feet wide. — It is further proposed, that upon the Tenants taking 
 up two hundred of said Lots, they shall be entitled to 10 Acres of 
 Ground for a Common, clear of any Rent. 
 
 "DENNIS WHBLEN." 
 
 The expectations of Mr. Whelcn were not realized, and 
 instead of the large and populous town of Welsh-Pool we 
 have the pleasant village of Lionville. 
 
 In 1827 the line between the southwestern part of 
 Charlestown and the townships of East and West White- 
 land and Uwchlan was altered, the former survey having 
 been defective or incorrectly reported, and in 1828 the line 
 between West Whiteland and Uwchlan was altered, and 
 run from the southwest corner of Charlestown, as estab- 
 lished the year before, south 71 degrees west 1100 perches 
 to the reputed northeast corner of East Cain. In 1853 
 the line between Wallace and Uwchlan was altered so as to 
 include in Uwchlan a part of Wallace which extended 
 down between East Brandywine and Uwchlan. 
 
 The township of Uwchlan was divided in 1858, and a 
 new township formed from the northern part, to which the 
 name of Upper Uwchlan was given. In this case we have 
 a name made-up of two words belonging to different 
 tongues but meaning almost the same thing, — a pleonasm 
 arising from not adverting to the signification of the word 
 Uwchlan, that word, to the people at large, no longer con- 
 veying a clear and definite meaning. 
 
 The present inhabitants of the Uwchlans are largely the 
 descendants of the early settlers, and a glance at the map 
 will show that a considerable number of the land-owners 
 are of Welsh extraction. This is indicated by the fact that 
 many of the surnames are ordinary given or Christian names. 
 Persons bearing such surnames as Thomas, Lewis, Wil- 
 liams, James, Richards, Roberts, Philips, Davis, John or 
 Jones, Owen, GriflBth, and others of like character, are al- 
 most always of Welsh extraction. The reason why this is 
 60 may be thus briefly explained : 
 
 In early times a single name was given to each individ- 
 ual, and that name was generally invented for the person, 
 in allusion to the circumstances attending his birth, or to 
 some personal quality he possessed, or which his parents 
 fondly hoped he might in future possess. In process of 
 time the love of imitation led persons to adopt names which 
 had been and were borne by others, and in order to obviate 
 the inconveniences resulting from the difficulty of distin- 
 guishing contemporaries designated by a common appella- 
 tive, some additional name or names became necessary, and 
 our present system of surnames grew gradually into use. 
 
 In Wales persons bearing the same name were distin- 
 guished from each other by being known as the son of a 
 particular person. Thus if a person bearing the name of 
 Thomas had a son William, and a person called Lewis had 
 a son William, the sons would be respectively known as 
 William, the son of Thomas, and William, the son of Lewis, 
 
 or, as it was briefly expressed in the Welsh language, Wil- 
 liam ap Thomas, and William ap Lewis, the particle op 
 signifying " the son of" If it so happened, as it frequently 
 did, that fathers bearing the same name had sons of the same 
 name, so that they could not be distinguished by the appel- 
 lations of their fathers, they were distinguished by the 
 names of the grandfathers, thus : William ap Thomas ap 
 Richard, and William ap Thomas ap James ; and the list of 
 names was run farther back, if necessary, to effect a dis- 
 tinction. It was not unusual in Wales, even as late as the 
 middle of the seventeenth century, to hear of combinations 
 carried up through several generations ; so that a man might 
 be said to carry his pedigree in his name. 
 
 Until a comparatively recent period no subnominal ad- 
 junct beyond this particle ap was used in Wales. This 
 mode of distinguishing persons from each other becoming, 
 with the increase of population and intercourse, very in- 
 convenient,' it became necessary to effect a change, which 
 was done in this wise : The particle ap was dropped, and 
 the personal name theretofore borne became what we 
 know as the Christian name, and the distinctive appel- 
 lative became what we call the surname. Thus Richard 
 ap Thomas became Richard Thomas, and William ap Lewis 
 became William Lewis. Thenceforward the children were 
 given the surname of the father ; thus the children of 
 Richard ap Thomas, or Richard Thomas, bore the surname 
 of Thomas, and the children of William ap Lewis, or Wil- 
 liam Lewis, bore the surname of Lewis. 
 
 This accounts for a thing very noticeable in Welsh com- 
 munities, and in places where Welsh names are prevalent, — 
 that of many families bearing the same surname, and yet 
 standing in no degree of consanguinity to each other. 
 When the change in the mode of naming took place, and 
 the appellative by which they were distinguished from 
 each other became the surname, there were, from the very 
 nature of the case, many families bearing the same appel- 
 lative, but not in any manner related to each other. All 
 those whose fathers bore the name of Thomas, under the 
 old system, were called Richard ap Thomas, Joseph ap 
 Thomas, or any other Christian name which they happened 
 to bear. Under the new system the particle ap was dropped, 
 and they were respectively called Richard Thomas, Joseph 
 Thomas, etc., although belonging to different families, and 
 bearing no relation to each other. In consequence of this 
 custom, and of the fewness of personal or Christian names, 
 their adoption as surnames became common to so many 
 families that Wales to this day suffers under the incon- 
 venience and confusion of a paucity of names. 
 
 Before the change took place in Wales many Welsh 
 families had emigrated to this country. Here the old sys- 
 tem was at once dropped, and the children bore the same ap- 
 pellative which distinguished their fathers from each other. 
 
 UWCHLAN RATE, 1715. 
 
 Dav* Lloyd, of Chester. 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (1 
 
 
 
 a. 
 2 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 rf. 
 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 
 _ 
 
 ... 
 
 «. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 d. 
 
 10 
 
 Joseph Phipps 
 
 James Pugh 
 
 John Cadwalader 
 
 Thomas Jones [JohnJ.. 
 Samuel Jones 
 
 Thomas Held 
 
 John Bensent 
 
 Jeremiah Jarman 
 
 Rees Jones 
 
 Jenkin David 
 
 John David 
 
 Robert Williams 
 
 Total 
 
 .... 
 .... 
 .... 
 .... 
 .... 
 .... 
 .... 
 
 .... 
 
 6 
 6 
 » 
 3 
 3 
 
 Griflath Jones 
 
 3 
 
 Cadwalader Jones 
 
 3 
 
 Thomas David 
 
 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 209 
 
 TAXABLES IN 1753. 
 
 Kdw* Goff, Jn° McClure, Jn» Lewis, Jn"> Pfaips, David Davis, Clem- 
 ent Kigg, Jo' WilliinBon, Jn" Vaughan, Jo' Phipps, Jun'', David 
 Owen, Jonathan Pugli, Isaao Lewis, Jun", Isaac Lewis, Sen"', Jo' 
 Jaolison, Tho" Thomas, Jn" Bowen, Evan Jones, Robert McClure, Jn" 
 Reese, Ja' Benson, Jn° Sherridan, Jn» Benson, W™ Benson, Jn° Jen- 
 kins, David Evans, W"" Scarf, Noble Butler, Alex^ Ramsey, Griffith 
 John, Dan' John, Jo' Phipps, Senr, Rob' Allison, Jonathan Evans, 
 W" Denny, David Phillip, Phillip Davis, Humphrey Lloyd, Jn" Ja^ 
 cobs, Kuth Roberts, Ja" McClure, Evan Thomas, Tho' Guest, W" 
 Poor, Ja' Talbert, Jn» Bell, David Roberts, Jun', David Roberts, 
 Sen', Tho" Wilson, Andrew Wilson, Benj» Elliot, David Thomas, Jn" 
 Bell, Cadwalader Jones, Enoch Meredith, Nathan Cadwalader, Ja' 
 Reese, Tho' Evans, Tho' Martin, Arohib'' McHenery, Eliz' Davis, Na- 
 than Phipps, Jn" McCord, Morris Reess, Jn" Smith, Robert Beaty. 
 
 Inmates. — Rob' William, Abraham GrifSth, W" Nowland, Ja' John, 
 Richard Evans, Henery Boyl, Jn" Ingram, Ja' Ruly, Ja' Hiolty, Ja' 
 Pollick, Frederick M'Cashey, Alex^* Kenny. 
 
 Freemen. — Abel John, Tho» Wright, Hugh O'Neal, Enoch Butler, 
 Rich* Bradley. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 
 AVilliam Denney, Joseph McClure, John McClure, Richard Evans, 
 Robert Carson, John Lewis, John Evans, Matthias Keely, Wm. Mill- 
 •house, Miles Davis, Robert Alison, Charles Reede, Wm. Byers, Elia- 
 zer Evans, Peter Wills, Thomas Guest, David Pugh, William Owen, 
 Joseph Philips, Wm. Dillins, John Smith, Robert Smith, Ruth Rob- 
 erts, Robert Beaty, Robert Beaty, Jr., David Beaty, Jacob Moses, 
 John Wbelan, Israel Whelan, Daniel Evans, William Butler, Noble and 
 Benjamin Butler, Enoch Butler, John Buler, David Lloyd, James 
 Packer, John Benson, Jr., James Benson, James Benson, Jr., John 
 Miles, William Griffith, Stephen Philips, Jo'^eph Bentley, Thos. Evans, 
 William Biddings, Christian Treat, Jacob Neeler, Dennis Whelan, 
 John Young, David Philips, James Adams, Elizabeth Davis, Evan 
 Jones, John Philips, Thomas Thomas, Jacob Haines, Christian King, 
 Cadwalader Jones, Samuel Bond, Samuel Griffith, Reuben John, Dan- 
 iel John, Griffith John, George Phipps, Aaron Phipps, John Phipps, 
 Jonathan Phipps, Peter Ashifeler, Jonathan MeVeagh, Dugal Cam- 
 eron, Rief Gatlive, Jacob Tianey, Thomas Martin, John Hoskins, 
 Richard Thomas, David Owen, David Davis, Robt. McMinn, David 
 Evans, Edward Owen, Richard Downing. Isaac Lewis, Esther Crosby, 
 David Evans, Jr. 
 
 VALIiBY. 
 Valley township was formed in 1852, by decree of court, 
 from parts of the townships of West Cain, West Brandy- 
 wine, East Cain, and Sadsbury, the larger part of its ter- 
 ritory being taken from the last two townships, with the 
 village of Coatesville in about the centre of it. It was re- 
 duced in size first by the incorporation of the borough of 
 Coatesville in 1867, and next by the erection of the new 
 township of Cain in 1868, which latter included all of 
 Valley township east of Coatesville. The township is now 
 only about one-half of its original size. 
 
 EAST VINCENT AND WEST VINCENT. 
 
 On Holme's " Map of the Improved Parts of Pennsyl- 
 vania," constructed by Thomas Holme, surveyor-general 
 of William Penn, — the earliest map of the province, — the 
 territory now constituting the Vincents is given in the 
 names of " S' Mathias Vincent, Adrian Vrouzen, Benja 
 Furloy, Doct' Daniel Cox." It appears that Benjohan 
 Furly, of Rotterdam, in Holland, as agent for William 
 Penn, on March 7, 1682, conveyed 5000 acres of land in 
 Pennsylvania to Burgomaster Adrian Vroesen, of the same 
 place, who on June 10, 1704, conveyed the same lands to 
 Benjohan Furly, merchant, son of the first named. By 
 letters from Furly to Thomas Penn, as late as 1736, it 
 seems thftt- nothing had been done towards a confirmation 
 27 
 
 of the land to him, but he expresses a hope that it will be 
 laid out in the best part of the grant of 30,000 acres made 
 in 1687. 
 
 From an original document in the possession of Dr. 
 George Smith, author of the " History of Delaware County," 
 the following is taken : 
 
 Nov. 22, 1686, Dr. Daniel Coxe, of Loudon, being seized of a tract 
 of 10,000 acres in Pennsylvania, lying between two rivers, now called 
 Vincent river and Skulkill river, ordered the same to be divided into 
 two equal parts, on oneof which, containing 5000 acres, several fami- 
 lies are already planted. From the remaining 5000 acres he now 
 grants to John Clapp, of the province of Carolina, in America, 
 gentleman, 1000 acres, one-tenth of which was to lie on Skulkill 
 river, paying to the said Coxe a grain of corn yearly for the iirst six 
 years, and afterwards the yearly rent of £4 6«. 
 
 This deed does not appear to have been executed, but it 
 gives some historical facts. Dr. Coxe was largely inter- 
 ested in West New Jersey lands, and was at one time Gov- 
 ernor of that colony. In 1691 he conveyed to an associa- 
 tion styled " The West New Jersey Society," among other 
 lands, 10,000 acres in Chester County, which he had pur- 
 chased from William Penn by deed of April 20, 1686. 
 
 William Penn also sold to Maj. Robert Thompson, of 
 Newington Green, in the county of Middlesex, England, 
 10,000 acres in Pennsylvania, April 20, 1686, which land 
 was to be set out and divided into two several townships, 
 which were to lie contiguous, and to be seated with ten 
 families apiece within twelve months next ensuing the date 
 of sale. Robert Thompson, by will dated April 14, 1691, 
 entailed the land. We next find deeds of lease and release, 
 June 29 and 30, 1775, from Robert Thompson, Esq., of 
 Elshani, in Lincolnshire, only brother of William Thomp- 
 son, Esq. (who died without issue), eldest son of William 
 Thompson, Esq., only son of William Thompson, late of 
 Hackney, in Middlesex, Esq., eldest son of Maj. Robert 
 Thompson, aforesaid, to Joseph Reed, Esq., Thomas Will- 
 ing, Esq., and Robert Morris, Esq., all of Philadelphia, for 
 the above 10,000 acres. The price paid for this was 
 £5500. Dec. 10, 1783, Joseph Reed sold his interest to 
 the other partners for £2000, and a patent was granted to 
 Morris and Willing, June 28, 1787, for 10,098 acres in 
 Vincent, called " Westover." Morris sold out to Willing, 
 Dec. 1, 1789, for £12,000. This patent covered the parts 
 of East and West Vincent adjoining Coventry. A patent 
 was granted to the West New Jersey Society for the re- 
 mainder of the land in Vincent, or 10,098i acres, Dec. 5, 
 1791. 
 
 Vincent townships were leased and settled much in the 
 same manner as Pikeland, the settlers in many instances 
 taking leases with the reserved right of purchase. For a 
 number of years the improvements in these townships did 
 not keep pace with those in other parts of the county. 
 The houses were generally very inferior, and the progress of 
 agriculture was slow. This general indisposition to im- 
 provement was, in a large measure, owing to the nature of 
 the tenures by which much of the land was holden. The 
 stimulus to active industry was wanting, but when the 
 tillers became the absolute owners of the soil the face of 
 things was changed and wore a more animating aspect ; 
 improvements were rapidly made, and Vincent and Pike- 
 land soon contained an enterprising class of citizens-; 
 
210 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 After the land in Vincent became valuable, and consider- 
 able improvements had been made, several claimants ap- 
 .peared, and there was a long litigation concerning the fee 
 simple title before it was finally adjusted. 
 
 The township derived its name from Sir Matthias Vin- 
 cent, and the tracts of land constituting it were for some 
 time known as " Cox and company's 20,000 acres." 
 French Creek, which passes through the township, was 
 originally called Vincent River, and retained that proud 
 title for many years. 
 
 Benjohan Furly, one of the original owners of the lands 
 in Vincent township, was very intimate with William 
 Penn, and traveled much with him iu Germany. He was a 
 gentleman of considerable estate, fine acquirements, and of 
 such influence among the Germans as to induce numbers of 
 them to settle in Pennsylvania. William Penn was much 
 pleased that a man of his wealth, family, and character 
 should take an interest in his new province. 
 
 The earliest inhabitants of the Vincents were supplanted 
 by the Germans, who came at a somewhat later date, and 
 whose descendants, to a considerable extent, enjoy the lands 
 of their fathers. Among early settlers were the names of 
 Ralston, Jenkins, Davis, Thomas, John and Michael Paul, 
 Gordon, Brombach, and Dennis Whelen. Garrett Brom- 
 bach (now corrupted to Brownback) established in this 
 township the first tavern north of the Lancaster road, in a 
 house of rude construction, where he performed the duties 
 of host for many years. He was a merry German, and ac- 
 cumulated considerable means. 
 
 In 1738, according to a survey ordered by the court, 
 Vincent township was bounded as follows : northeast by 
 Schuylkill River, northwest by Nantmell and Coventry, 
 southwest by Uwchlan, and southeast by Joseph Pike's 
 land. A draught of the township, made in 1773, shows who 
 were then seated on the boundaries, with a few who were 
 inside. Bezalion's cave is noted, near the river, opposite the 
 lower end of the island near Spring City ; Parker's tavern 
 and mill, in the northeast corner, on the river ; Holman's 
 mill, now the Royal Springs mill ; Baptist church near 
 West Pikeland, etc. 
 
 The township was divided into East Vincent and West 
 Vincent in 1832. In 1844 the line between South Coven- 
 try and East Vincent was established as it was supposed to 
 have been originally run. 
 
 The borough of Springville, on the Schuylkill River, 
 was taken from the eastern part of East Vincent township 
 and incorporated by decree of court in 1867. In 1872 the 
 name was changed to Spring City. 
 
 The rate of 1724 was as follows : 
 
 Henry Kennell, 2s. ; Garrett Brownback, 2a. id.; John Kode, 2s. ; 
 Peter Pickles, 2s. id. ; Jasper Acer, 2s. id. ; Joseph Roger, 2s. ; 
 Thomas Loyd, Is.; Owen Givin, 2s. id.; John Bound, Is.; John 
 James, is. ; Theophilus Xho., 2s. id. ; Tho. Phillipps, Is. ; Henry 
 Griffith, Is. ; Griffith William, Is. 
 
 " Vacand Land". — Joseph Pikes, £8 68. Sd. ; Cox & oom'ny, £16 
 138. id. 
 
 In 1734, Richard Prichard petitioned the court, setting 
 forth that he lived on what was known as Pike's land, 
 where he had rented a piece of land on the line of Charles- 
 town, but had been appointed constable for Vincent, from 
 which he was distant four and a half miles. Being a poor 
 
 man with a large family, he, with many others, thought it 
 " a very Great hardship To serve so Great a Town as Vin- 
 cent is and to be Sessed among them who have their settle- 
 ments without any Rent." A number of his Welsh 
 neighbors substantiated his statements, but we do not 
 know the result. 
 
 In the year 1846 tho late Frederick Sheedcr prepared 
 for the Pennsylvania Historical Society a hi.'tory of Vin- 
 cent, which contains a great many matters of local interest. 
 
 TAXABLES IN 1753. 
 
 Philip Thomas, Eees Roberts, James Roberts, George Davis, Roger 
 Martin, James Powell, Thos. Rees, Henry Miller, Conrad Hass, Jo- 
 seph Rogers, John Loyd, Henry Smith, George Yeagcr, John Snider, 
 Jacob Buzzard, Catharine Defrain, Peter Ash, Garratt Brownback, 
 Michael Cypher, Michael Holman, John Shundholder, Peter Stagger, 
 Morgan Morgan, John Bodson, John Martin, Thos. Curry, Thos. 
 Morgan, John Lewis, Wm. Morgan, John Fitzimonns, Wm. FuIIerton, 
 John Evan Jenkins, Mary Thomas, Roger McElwee, Sisley James, 
 Theophilus Thomas, Robt. Ralstone, James Duncan, John Potter, 
 Morris Evan, Isaac Davis, John Thomas, David Boulton, John Mere- 
 dith, Tho^ Prowell, Joseph Cocks, Lawrence Hippie, Abra" Turner, 
 Philip, Jacob, and Adam Kipple,WindeI Hendry, George Row (or Low), 
 Henry Cochenar, Edward Parker, Jacob Shaver, Simon Shunk, Wil- 
 liam Hyme, Gasper Acher, Casper Hance, Rioh^ Custard, Adam Rot- , 
 ter, Michael Paul, John Paul, Will"" Hatherlan, John James, James 
 Mathers, Joseph Eddy, George Wagley, Henry Titlow, John Adam 
 Miller, John William, Humphrey Bell, Hugh Owen, John Morgan, 
 John Bateman, Owen Thomas, David Thomas, Owen Rogers, John 
 Jenkins^ Abra™ Smith, Sam' Culbertson, Neal McCay, James Pugh, 
 John Jenkins, Robert Courtney, David Jenkins, Will™ Bell, Michael 
 Regon, John Roberts, Conrad Miller, Michael Dodson, David Evans, 
 John David (tailor), Frederick Bingaman, Lawrence Loughran, 
 John Baker, John Mager, John Willson, Christopher Rorabaqli, 
 Christian Wagaman, Christian Eberhard, Rces Evans, Elinor Wat- 
 kin, Hugh Williams, Philty Hymes, John James. 
 
 /"leeroeii.-^David Davis, John McCracken, Thos. Batman, Will"" 
 West, Frederick Buzzard, Conrad Roach, Peter Paul, Phillip Honps, 
 David Jenkins, Jehu Jenkins, James FuUerton, Robt. FuIIerton, 
 James Rudd}'. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 
 Philip Arndorf, Anthony Acre, Henry Acre, Paul Beoard, John 
 Bound, Wm. Barber, Henry Benard, Henry Brumback, Benj'n 
 Brumback, James Barber, Joseph Bosler, Henry Car], Jacob Cover, 
 Felix Chrisman, Michael Cypher, William Cowan, Conrad Carl, 
 Henry Chrisman, Peter Defrain, John Dodson, David Davis, John 
 David, George Deery, Henry Dasher, James Evans, Rudolph Essex 
 (Easig?), Christian Everhart, William Evans, David Evans, Wm. 
 Eddy, George Fitzsimmons, Jacob Ginther, Wm. Gordon, Nicholas 
 Ground, Michael Holman, Casper Himes, Henry Hethery, John 
 Hause, Lawrence Hippie, Joseph Hoskins, Jonas Hicks, Joseph Han- 
 cock, Jacob Hoffman, Jnmes John, David Jenkin, John Jenkin, Se- 
 bastian Keely, Henry Knerr, John Lloyd, Philip Miller, Henry Mil- 
 ler, Peter Miller, John McFarlan, Samuel Mori-is, Alexander MeAlis- 
 ter, John Adam, Enoch Meredith, Jacob Mawre (Mowry?), John 
 McCracken, John Melchoir, John Meredith, John Olinger, John 
 Philips, John Paul, Edward Parker, Henry Rhoades, Robert Ral- 
 ston, James Rogers, John Rhodes, Joseph Rodgers, George Row, 
 John Shinholds, Conrad Shimer, Simeon Shunk, Peter Steger, Hugh 
 Strickland, Conrad Sharer, Conrad Shunk, Frederick Slider, Casper 
 Snider, Henry Sharadan, Owen Thonvas, David Thomas, John 
 Thomas, Hazael Thomas, Abraham Turner, Jacob Vogdes, Ann Wat- 
 kin, Thomas Wilson, Enoch Watkin, John Young, George Yeager. 
 
 Appended to this list is one entitled "Disputed Inhabitants," 
 containing the following names : Nicholas Kyser, Ta«ob Hetherlin, 
 John James, John Munshower, Henry Titlow, Joseph Davis, Rees 
 Evans, Richard Evans, Morgan Morgan, Richard Evans, Petef Paul, 
 Peter Mores and tenant, James Taggart. 
 
 WALLACE. 
 This township was formed in 1852 by a division of West 
 Nantmeal, and includes nearly the same territwy as the 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 .211 
 
 old manor of Springton, or Sprlngtown. It was named 
 Springton at first, as was very appropriate. The next year 
 application was made to the Legislature by some who were 
 dissatisfied with the name, and, to quote the late Dr. Ben- 
 jamin Griffith, "they had it changed to Wallace, — called, I 
 suppose, after an old Scotchman of the name of Robert 
 Wallace, who used to own Mormon Hollow," etc. 
 
 Some mention has already been made of the old manor, 
 which contained finally 8313 acres, with allowance of six 
 per cent, for roads. The settlers thereon were almost en- 
 tirely of the Scotch-Irish stock, and as they did not get 
 titles for the land for a long time, there was considerable 
 trouble on that head. They claimed that it was promised 
 to them at the rate of forty-five pounds per hundred acres, 
 and in 1747 three of them — John Hamilton, Arthur 
 Graham, and Thomas Brown — deposed to that cfiect. 
 
 Feb. 17, 1747, Richard Peters writes to the proprieta- 
 ries: 
 
 "Ejectments have been brought against Ten of the principal set- 
 tlers on Springton Manor and at the Instance of Mr. Francis, as well 
 as the settlers, I have sent you Copies of Three Depositions tal^en 
 before Justice Flower, in support of which Arthur Graham produces 
 James Steele's Receipt Dated 3d April, 1739 for £20 in pnrt for 200" 
 within the said Manor, and another Receipt in 1740 for £40. Francis 
 Long likewise produces Mr. Steele's Receipt for £10 Dated the 13th 
 June 1739 in part for 150*° within the said Manor. Gabriel Alexander 
 likewise produces Mr. Steele's Receipt for £10 Dated 13th June 1739 
 'in part for 150" in the said Manor. Robert McConaghy likewise 
 produces Mr. Steele's Receipt Dated 3d April 1739 for £20 in part 
 for 200" within the said Manor. I have not brought ejectments 
 against any Persons in possession of these Receipts, but all the In- 
 truders think they will operate for them. The Depositions having 
 'put £45 ^ hundred at random on all the Manor, good and bad one 
 shou'd think their pretence will appear false and foolish for all e.^- 
 oept those who produce Receipts, and as these do not mention that 
 the land for which Money was paid is to be at £45 ^ hundred nor 
 at any other Price, I dont know what they can make of these Re- 
 ceipts. John Taylor is not to be trusted. The People look on him 
 as their evidence. He is very angry at being turned out of the Com- 
 mission of the Peace, and I am afraid his evidence will do mischief. 
 Mr. Thomas Penn knows this whole affair, and tho he has in part let 
 me into it in his former letters, yet I humbly desire fuller informa- 
 tions. I suppose the Cause must be remov'd to the Supreme Court 
 and a special Jury be struck, and then the Proprietors will I hope 
 obtain Justice. The Land is in general most miserably abus'd and 
 "great waste committed, tho' not of late, as the People were for some 
 time uncertain whether they might not be allow'd to purchase, and 
 were under the Eye of William Hartley. I have searched the Min- 
 utes of Property and find no other entrys than these viz — 
 
 "'I5th 1st mo. 1736-7. 
 
 " 'James Eldridge requests the Grant of lOO"^ of Land within the 
 Prop" Manor of Springton adjoining to his Land and the Land of 
 George Claypoole. He James Eldridge says that one Michael Graeme 
 has made havock on the same by cutting and destroying the Timber 
 Ac. The Proprietors is pleased to order this Request to be enter'd, 
 '& also that James Steele write to the said Grasme to desist from 
 making any further spoil &o. 
 
 "•8th June, 17.37. 
 
 " 'Francis Long Requests the Grant of 150" Land in the Manor of 
 Springton at the same rate as Arthur Graham.' 
 
 "The persons ejected have been with me praying that I would 
 write to the Prop" to put-a reasonable price on eUch man's Plantation 
 according to the different quality of the Land, and such as are able will 
 make good Payments. They pray me to do this saying at the same 
 time tliat they must submit to the Proprietors, nor do they talk of 
 standing Suit but beg hard that the Ejectment may be continued at 
 their Cost till they have once more tried whether you'll insist on 
 their coming into Leases for which they express as great aversion 
 now! as ever, or will allow them to purchase their Farms at a reason- 
 able rate. I gave them no answer, not knowing their Temper nor 
 
 what they designed to do. If they stand suit on the strength of the 
 Receipts and what is said in the inclosed Depositions, as the cause 
 must then be remov'd to the Supreme Court, I shall not chuse to 
 proceed to the Trial till I hear from you, or if they submit & shou'd 
 be importunate with me to suspend taking possession, & once more to 
 entreat for them so much favour from you as to permit them to pur- 
 chase, I will in this Case be advised by Mr. Francis." 
 
 Among the prominent settlers were the families of Mack- 
 elduff, McFoeters, Alexander, Henderson, Starrett, Mackey, 
 and Kennedy. 
 
 So far as is known, but four physicians — :Thomas Harris, 
 Thomas Kennedy, Benjamin Griffith, and Joseph T. Grier 
 — have resided in the manor. The pure water, absence of 
 marshes, and elevation of between five and six hundred 
 feet above tide-water have always rendered it remarkably 
 healthy. 
 
 In 1853 a small portion of Wallace was added to Uwch- 
 lan, and in 1860 the line next to East and West Nant- 
 meal was slightly changed. 
 
 WAllVVICK. 
 
 This township was formed by the division of East Nant- 
 meal in 1842, and received its name from Warwick Iron- 
 Works, within its limits. Among the work done at an 
 early period at Warwick Furnace was the casting of what 
 were popularly known as " Franklin stoves,'' an invention of 
 Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Robert Grace, who married the 
 widow of Samuel Nutt, Jr., had at this time charge of the 
 Warwick Furnace, and superintended the making of these 
 stoves. Franklin, in his autobiography, relates the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 " In order of time I should have mentioned before that having in 
 1742 invented an open fireplace for the better warming of rooms, 
 and at the same time saving fuel, as the fresh air. admitted was 
 warmed in entering, I made a present of the .model to Robert 
 Grace, one of my early friends, who, having an iron furnace, found 
 the easting of the plates for these stoves a profitable thing, as they 
 were growing in demand." 
 
 The older people of this county will remember these 
 Franklin stoves, which at one time were common in the 
 better class of houses. They are now very rarely to be 
 met with, but the curious reader will find a design of one 
 given in Lossing's " Field-Book of the Revolution,'' vol. i. 
 page 328. Those made at Warwick had the words " War- 
 wick Furnace" cast on the front plate in large letters. 
 
 During the Revolutionary war the Warwick Furnace 
 was in constant operation for the government, and large 
 quantities of cannon and cannon-balls were cast. Several 
 cfinnon which did not stand .the test are, it is said, to be 
 seen half sunk in the bank of French Creek. The Ameri- 
 can army, a few days after the battle of Brandy wine, re- 
 tired from the neighborhood of Goshen Friends' meeting- 
 house, where an expected battle was prevented by a rain- 
 storm, to Warwick Furnace, where they procured a fresh 
 supply of ammunition. In 1857 these furnaces produced 
 . 759 tons of boiler-plate iron from the ore of the neighbor- 
 ing mines. Warwick Furnace, and the lands belonging to 
 it, granted in 1718 to Samuel Nutt, have never been out 
 of the family. They have been in the ownership of the 
 Potts family, who are desoendantsof the original proprietors, 
 for over a century, by one of whom, David Potts, Jr., 
 they were carried on successfully for more than fifty years. 
 
212 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 In 1860 the line between East and West Nantmcal and 
 "Wallace was slightly changed, and East Nantmeal was 
 altered at its western end, adding a part of Warwick to 
 East Nantmeal. These townships, which in former years 
 were far removed from railroad facilities, are now well sup- 
 plied in that respect by the Wilmington and Northern and 
 the East Brandywine railroads. 
 
 The French Creek branch of the Wilmington and 
 Northern road, lately opened to the Warwick mines, is 
 another valuable public improvement. 
 
 WEST CHESTER, 
 the county town and seat of justice of Chester County, Pa., 
 is in latitude 39° 57' 31.3" north, and longitude 1° 24' 57" 
 east of Washington City, or 75° 36' 32.7" west from Green- 
 wich, near London. 
 
 The exact position of the borough, or rather of the 
 court-house, was ascertained in 1843 by E. W. Beans, 
 then principal of the public school in West Chester, and 
 Walter Hibbard, surveyor and conveyancer, of the same 
 place. 
 
 It is situated on the water-shed or dividing ridge be- 
 tween the Brandywine and Chester Creek, two miles from 
 the former stream, near one of the sources of the latter, 
 .five miles south of the great Limestone or Chester Valley, 
 twenty-three miles west of the original city of Philadelphia, 
 about sixteen miles north of Wilmington, Del., and about 
 four hundred and fifty-six feet above tide. 
 
 The geological formation on which the borough stands 
 is primitive, chiefly gneiss and sienitic trap, or green- 
 stone, with large beds or banks of serpentine rock in the 
 vicinity. The soil is a stiffish clayey loam, and tolerably 
 fertile under good management. 
 
 This being not only the largest town in our county, but 
 also the seat of justice, it will be admissible to dwell longer 
 on the minute details of its early history than has been the 
 case with other towns. We will first present the recollec- 
 tions of Joseph Townsend, of Baltimore, who was born 
 in East Bradford, within about a mile of the locality he 
 describes, as follows : 
 
 ** The first knowledge that I had of the ground on which West 
 Chester stands was about the year 1760. There was at that time a 
 cross-roads;* the one in an easterly direction led to Philadelphia, 
 southerly to Wilmington, westerly to Jefferis' Ford on the Brandy- 
 wine, and northerly to the Great Valley. 
 
 " The northeasterly field at the cross-roads, between the Philadel- 
 phia and Great Valley roads, was owned by Phinehas Eaohus ; north- 
 westerly one, between the Valley and Brandywine roads, by Daniel 
 Hoopes, The ground southwesterly, between the Brandywine and 
 Wilmington roads, bad an orchard thereon, and belonged to the estate 
 of David Haines j the ground southeastwardly was a lot laid off for a 
 tavern or establishment, on which was a small one-story wooden 
 house, with a small shed-roum attached to the cast part of it, in 
 which a tavern was kept by the aforesaid Phinehas Eachus; it was 
 situated near the spot where the banking-house now stands. 
 
 " The shed belonging to the tavern, fi)r the accommodation of horses, 
 with open front on the Wilmington road, reached nearly half the dis- 
 tance from the dwelling-house yard to the road leading to Philadel- 
 phia, the remaining front on the road, with the ground back of said 
 dwelling was occupied for a garden for the use of the tavern-house. 
 There was a small log building connected with the south end of the 
 
 » Now the intersection of Gay and High Streets. 
 
 shed and tavern-yard, in which was a storef for the retailing of mer- 
 chandise. It was about the time aforementioned that some of the 
 inhabitants in the neighborhood obtained leave of Daniel Hoopes to 
 erect a school-house in the corner of his field, at the intersection of 
 the roads leading to Brandywine and the Great Valley; the fence 
 was removed, leaving an angular piece of ground for that purpose, 
 suflScient for the building, and space northwesterly of it for the chil- 
 dren to play on. The house was built of logs, and filled in between 
 with mortar, and furnished with a few tables and benches. The prin- 
 cipal expense was defrayed by John Townsend, Charles Ryant, Isaac 
 Haines, nnd Thomas Williamson, who employed Ralph Forrester as 
 the teacher of the school. He occupied the old dwelling of David 
 Haines until John Haines, the son of David, became of age, to whom 
 it, with 100 acres of land running to the Welsh line, was bequeathed. 
 The teacher was an Irishman by birth, and had married Tamer Greg- 
 ory after his arrival in this county. They with their family had 
 resided for some years previous near Goshen meeting-house. 
 
 " David Haines had lived and deceased in the old stone part of the 
 dwelling-house, — latterly occupied by William Wollerton, — it having a 
 wooden kitchen at the east end.f He was succeeded therein by James 
 Davis, who was the son of Abraham Davis and Susanna, his wife, who 
 lived in the old stone house on the road, where Joshua Sharpless lived 
 and died. James had married Patience Bishop, a widow with one 
 child named Ruth. Patience wns the third daughter of Robert Miller 
 the elder and Ruth, his wife, of the Great Valley, a little west of 
 Downingtown. About this time a few of the settlers in Chester 
 County were disposed to emigrate to North Carolina, with a view to 
 enlarge their estates. For this purpose they fi.ved on New Garden 
 and Cane Creek for their residence. Among the number thus removed 
 was .Tames Davis and his family, and after his departure the dwel- 
 ling and farm wns taken possession of by the said Ralph Forrester. 
 The road that led to the house passed through a gate nearly opposite 
 to the brick dwelling-house known as the Turk's Head tavern. In 
 this dwelling-house Ralph Forrester remained until John Haines 
 arrived at age, and followed bis occupation as a teacher in the afore- 
 mentioned school-house, during which time many of the rising gener- 
 .ation of Chester County received a plain, useful education, 
 
 " The road leading to Wilmington was not at right angles with the 
 others, and on being straightened encroached on some of the apple- 
 trees in the orchard of the late David Haines, and they were taken 
 up by the roots, and the road regulated accordingly. 
 
 " A eiroumstanoe took place about the time of the alteration of the 
 road well remembered by the subscriber. Philip Mendenhall, a young 
 man of respectable family, by some means or other got under the wheel 
 of a loaded wagon. The consequence was that jiis leg was-broken, 
 and that he was carried into the Turk's Head tavern-house for assist- 
 ance. The print of his leg and yarn stocking which he had on it was 
 to be seen on the clay where the misfortune took place for several days 
 thereafter. The circumstance happened nearly opposite to the gate 
 through which the road passed to David Haines' former dwelling. 
 
 " Phinehas Eachus, being a cooper by profession, as well as a tavern- 
 keeper, had the business carried on in a small log house built for the 
 purpose about the time that the school-house wns put up. It stood 
 in the corner of the field, at the intersection of the two roads leading 
 to Philadelphia and the Great Valley ; but he in time became insol- 
 vent, and his property was disposed of by John Morton, then sheriff 
 of Chester County, and his farm, etc., between the two roads afore- 
 mentioned, was purchased by Isaiah Matlack. 
 
 " About the year 1770,§ John Hoopes, owning the plantation south- 
 
 t Subsequently occupied as a store by John W. Townsend, and 
 afterwards by Charles Miner, where he printed and^published the 
 Village Record, 
 
 i This building stood near the present site of the Mansion House 
 hotel ; it was of brick, fronted north, having a yard paled in in front, 
 and was owned and occupied by William Wollerton and family as far 
 back as can be remembered ; it was sold, with the farm adjoining, 
 about 1827, to the late William Everhart. The stone barn stood a 
 short distance to the south or west, perhaps near where Roecker's 
 confectionery now is : and a frame inclosure for stray animals, known 
 as the " pound," a little north, near the line of what is now Church 
 Street, which terminated near the building above described. 
 
 § The date-stone, which had been covered up by the enlarging of 
 the building westward, was found April 26, 1879, while some repairs 
 ■ were in progress. It bears date 1769. 
 

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TOWNSHIPS AND BOKOUGHS, ETC. 
 
 21'3 
 
 easterly of the old tavern lot, built a respeotivblB-looking brick house 
 in the corner of his field, a little south of the line of said lot, and near 
 the enst line of the Wilmington road, into which the tavern was re- 
 moved, where it has continued ever since. 
 
 " The successors of Phinehas Eachus in keeping the Turk's Head 
 tavern in the old and new establishments, previous to the Revolu- 
 tionary war, were Capt. John Clark, .Tohn Harper, and Jacob James, 
 the latter leaving his dwelling and engnging with the British army 
 during their stay in Philadelphia, autumn and winter of 1777 and 
 spring of 1778. 
 
 '•A few years previous to the commencement of the Revolutionary 
 war a two-story log building was put up near the intersection of the 
 Wilmington and Brandywine roads, and in the orchard aforemen- 
 tioned, and occupied by Henry Glass and Bbenezer Matthews for a 
 retail store. 
 
 " Having given a hasty sketch of the buildings at the Turk's Head 
 tavern to this time, I shall now give a description of some of the con- 
 tiguous ones, 
 
 " The first one southerly was the dwelling of Charles Ryant. 
 He continned there until William Sharpless, son of Nathan, and 
 the only male heir, was out of his apprenticeship (he served his 
 time with John Marshall, a cabinet-maker, whose residence was on 
 32 acres of land bequeathed by Joseph Townsend the elder to his 
 daughter, Hannah Ryant). When William was twmty-one years of 
 age he took possession of the premises, and built a work-shop on the 
 west side of the Wilmington road, a little south of the north line of his 
 farm, and a small log tenement was also put up on the east side of said 
 ' road, near the north line aforesaid. 
 
 " On the south side of the Philadelphia road, about one-quarter of 
 a mile from the tavern, was an ancient log house, occupied by George 
 Bostock. His wife, with Mary Otley, her associate, were famous, and 
 noted for enchaDtment at that period of time. 
 
 "A small distance up in the field, on the north side of the Phila- 
 delphia road, and nearly opposite to George Bostock's dwelling, was 
 a frame dwelling-house, clapboarded on the outside, the residence of 
 Peter M. Gowen, a weaver by occupation. The remains may yet be 
 seen a little west of the road leading to the Boot tavern, 
 
 " Near the Valley road, on the east side, in the field, was a spring- 
 house^ belonging to and used by Phinehas Eachus, who kept the 
 tavern. On the west side of said road, a little over the branch issu- 
 ing from the said spring, was an old log dwelling. 
 
 "Samuel Hoopes, the second son of Daniel Hoopes, having learned 
 the trade of a blacksinith, his father built him a work-shop » little 
 north of the aforesaid old dwelling, leaving room for the road to pass 
 between to his dwelling, which was some distance down the bottom, 
 being a respectable stone bouse, with baru and other outhouses ne- 
 cessary for a reputable farmer.')' 
 
 "It was not long after the establishment of the blacksmith-shop 
 occupied by Samuel Hoopes until he built himself a comfortable 
 dwelling-housej in the field, in a westerly direction from the said shop. 
 He lived therein for a number of years, and deceased. It afterwards 
 became the property of John Hannum, Esq., who was the great in- 
 strument in obtaining the law to remove the county seat of justice 
 from Chester, on the Delaware, to the Turk's Head, and established 
 the borough of West Chester. 
 
 " He died some years thereafter, an overgrown, middle-aged man, 
 in the said dwelling-house. 
 
 ' " The foregoing contains all the buildings that I can recollect, ex- 
 cept an addition to the store-house occupied by Glass A Matthews 
 previous to my removal to Maryland, which was in the year 1782, at 
 which fime a considerable excitement had got up for the removal of 
 the courts of justice from Chester, on the Delaware, as being too re- 
 mote for a great portion of the inhabitants of the county. Marshall- 
 ton, Downingtown, Admiral Warren, and Turk's Head were situations 
 contended for, but no place was decided on at that time. 
 
 " Prior to the Revolutionary war there was an old burying-plaoe 
 near the centre of the field belonging to Phipehas Eachus, in front of 
 Friends' meeting-house. It was formerly inclosed, but since neglected, 
 and the ground is now in cultivation." 
 
 * At the northeast corner of High and Chestnut Streets. 
 , f The old house now on the Ebbs estate. 
 
 J Now the residence of John Rutter, which, large and solid as it is, 
 was moved some fifty feet westward, without much apparent injury, 
 when Church Street was opened north, some y^ais since. 
 
 The first petition, for license, by Phinehas Eachus, was 
 presented Nov. 24, 1761, but was rejected. The next year 
 he was successful, and as a somewhat historic document, as 
 well as a sample of tavern-keepers' petitions in that day, we 
 present a /ac-smife of the petition on that occasion. It was 
 signed by the principal farmers of the neighborhood. Being 
 once established in the business, fewer signers were deemed 
 necessary in succeeding years, there being but six in 1764. 
 
 No name appears for the tavern until August, 1768, 
 when John Clark, having " Rented the House lately kept 
 by Phineas Eachus, at the Sign of the Turk's head in 
 Goshen," succeeds him in the business. Aug. 29, 1769, 
 John Hoopes represents that he " has purchased the tavern 
 known by the Name of the Turk's Head, in Goshen, and the 
 House being Rendered unfit for that purpose by its Decay 
 and Other Inconvenies thereto Belonging, I have Built a 
 New Brick House near the other, and more Comodious for 
 the Accomodation of Travelers than the other." Although 
 twenty-eight substantial citizens signed his request, it was 
 merely indorsed " Allowed at the old House." In Novem- 
 ber following he renews his request, assuring the court that 
 his house is ready, but probably was unsuccessful, and in 
 his disappointment made some uncomplimentary remarks 
 about the justices. 
 
 Aug. 28, 1770, John Harper comes forward, " having 
 Lately taken a lease of a very Convenient house, within a 
 few Perches of the noted Tavern, known by the name of 
 the Turks-head, in Goshen, . . . and as the old Tavern 
 house is now become InsuflBcient for a dwelling place," etc., 
 he wishes to have license in the new house. This petition 
 was rejected, but on November 15th following John 
 Hoopes sent to the justices a " recantation," in which he 
 says, " if I have said any Thing DisrespectfuU of the Bench 
 Heretofore I am hartily sorey for it, and ask the Justices 
 Pardon, . . . but if my Intreaties have not y' Desired 
 EflFect I had rather suffer a Doubel Portion of the Mis- 
 fortune than John Harper and the Publick should suffer 
 on my account." Two weeks later he plainly admits that 
 " Whereas I have spoke Disrespectfully of the Honorable 
 Bench heretofore, I now Declare that I am sorey for it and 
 ask the Justices Pardon, or any one of them that I Treated 
 with Contempt," etc. A petition from John Harper for 
 license in the new house is now favorably received, and the 
 name of the " Turk's Head" transferred thereto, as appears 
 by his petition in the following year. He was succeeded 
 in 1774 by Jacob James, whose last application was made 
 in 1776. Francis Trumble was there in 1778, and John 
 Underwood in 1782-83. Nathan Scholfield was the land- 
 lord, 1785-86, and was succeeded by Isaac Webb in 1787. 
 Upon the completion of the new public buildings at this 
 place, preparatory to the removal of the seat of justice from 
 old Chester, it was evident that more taverns would be 
 needed to accommodate the concourse of people attending 
 courts. Emmor Trego and William Worthington were 
 licensed in 1786, and the first was succeeded by Joshua 
 Weaver in 1788. Nathan Scholfield was licensed, Febru- 
 ary, 1787, in a house just built Jjy Isaiah Matlaok, the 
 " Green Tree," where he remained till 1793. Col. John 
 Hannum built the " Washington," just north of the court- 
 house, but it is uncertain who kept it. Perhaps the first 
 
214 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 was William Worthington, who was succeeded in 1787 by 
 William Beaumont, he having built a new house at the 
 '• corner of Gay Street." Samson Babb had built and re- 
 ceived license at the " Bear'' in 1788, which was directly 
 south of the court-house, now the site of the post-office 
 and other offices. Prior to 1800 the names of Isaac Webb, 
 James Bones, John Rouse, Peter Mather, Jesse Matlack, 
 and Benjamin Miller appear as landlords in the borough. 
 Maj. John Harper having become reconciled to the removal 
 of the county-seat, made the best of it by keeping the 
 "Turk's Head" from 1792-98. In 1796, Isaac Webb 
 removed from some other house to the " General Wayne," 
 since known as the " White Hall," where he remained 
 several years. The former name is said to have been the 
 " Cross Keys," which name it again bore prior to 1838. 
 After Mr. Webb came Ephraim Buffington, Polly Pearson, 
 and Samuel Osborne. The two last united their fortunes 
 by marriage, and continued at this stand until 1827, after 
 which Davis Beaumont, Joseph Taylor, John Watson, and 
 Joel Matlack successively catered to the public wants. In 
 1838, Philip P. Sharpless became the owner, and a large 
 rear addition was erected on Church Street. Capt. Robert 
 Irwin purchased it in 1839, and named it " White Hall," 
 
 of the other taverns also, and each has its history buried in 
 the past. 
 
 The new seat of justice being established, it was thought 
 best to hedge it about with certain bounds, that the place 
 might receive a name, as the following will show : 
 
 "An Act for erecting a certain district of Oowitry in which the Court- 
 Mouse in Cheater County atanda into a County Town, 
 
 " Sect. I. Whereas a number of the inhabitants of Chester Coanty 
 have petitioned this house that a certain district of country in which 
 the court-house of the said county stands may be erected into a 
 county town, and that the inhabitants of the said town may be en- 
 titled to a lilce number of Justices of the Peace with other county 
 towns, and it appearing that the public convenience will thereby be 
 promoted, 
 
 " Sect. II. Be it therefore enacted, and it is hereby enacted, by the 
 Representatives of the Freemen of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl- 
 vania in General Assembly met, and by the authority of the same, 
 That a certain district of country within the county aforesaid, 
 bounded as follows, viz. : Beginning at the line which divides the town- 
 ships of East Bradford and Goshen, at the corner of the lauds of 
 Charles Ryan and John Darlington, thence along the lines of the 
 said Charles Ryan, and the lands late of Thomas Williamson, of 
 Gideon Williamson, and of Thomas Darlington, junior, to the lands 
 of George Matlock, thence along the lines of the lands of George 
 Matlock, William Sharpless, Jonathan Matlock, and John Patton, to 
 a line of the land of Doctor Joseph Moore, thence to the line of the 
 land of Isaiah Matlock, thence along the lines of the said Isaiah 
 
 WHITE HALL TAVERN. 
 
 after which it was rented to various persons until 1869, the 
 last host being John Carroll. The accompanying cut* is 
 an excellent representation of its appearance before bein" 
 torn down in 1874. Several fine-stores now occupy the 
 site. 
 
 When Lafayette visited this county in 1825, he made 
 this hotel his headquarters, though he lodged across the 
 street at the residence of Ziba Pyle. It was a place of 
 general resort for judge, lawyer, and politician, and many 
 were the stories told or jokes concocted by these in their 
 hours of relaxation from other cares.f This may be said 
 
 * For which we are indebted to the Daily Local Nema. 
 
 t " West Chester, in its early days, was remarkable for the eccentrio- 
 jty and broad humor of a race of tavern-loungers who have entirely 
 disappeared. These were led on and made use of by ingenious, mis- 
 
 Mntlock's land, and of the lands of Doctor Joseph Mnora and Thomas 
 Hoops, to the road called the Goshen street, thence along the said 
 street to the land of Benaniel Ogden, being the line which divides 
 the township of Bast Bradford from the township of GosBen, and 
 from thence to the place of beginning, be and hereby is erected into 
 
 chief-loving young lawyers, who had much idle time on their hands, 
 nnd were prone to nil sorts of the coarsest waggery. The ready wit, 
 the quaint, original phrases and eccentric deportment of the singular 
 characters referred to were familiar to every one. The youn^ law- 
 yers, between terms, would institute what they called "Flaxseed 
 Courts," and get one of those waggish creatures for presiding judge, 
 when they would have " lots of fun." If any pompous, conceited 
 fool happened to stray into the place he was quickly detected, and 
 often stared at through leather apectaclea until he was fairly "looked 
 out of town." As but few now remain who can recollect those men 
 and times, it is not deemed expedient to give the names or to detail 
 the pranks of the prominent actors." — Directory of 1867. 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 215 
 
 and constituted the county town of and for the said county of Chester, 
 by the name and title of ' West Chester,' and is hereby invested with 
 and entitled to all the rights, privileges, immunities, and advantages 
 of a county town within this Commonwealth. 
 
 " Signed, by order of the House, 
 
 " Thomas Mifflin, Spenker. 
 " Enacted into a law at Philadelphia on Monday, the third day of 
 March, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and 
 eighty-eight. 
 
 " Peter Zachahy Lloyd, 
 " Cleric of the General Assembly.'' 
 
 These bounds have remained to be sufficient for the 
 growing town up to the present time, though at one or two 
 points they have been slightly overrun. 
 
 The original plan of the village or town proper of West 
 Chester consisted of four contiguous squares, with two 
 principal streets crossing in the centre, and yet, simple as 
 it *ras, with that utter disregard of symmetry and lack of 
 good taste which characterized the projectors of the plan 
 and early buildings, neither of the streets crossed at right 
 angles, and consequently none of the so-called squares was 
 rectangular. An oblique policy, strongly redolent of bar- 
 barism, seemed to prevail among the primitive Cestrians, 
 and its sinister influence was long perceptible. 
 
 In 1829, however, several additional streets were opened 
 and new squares formed from the old Trego or Rankin 
 farm, on the southwestern side of the first town plat, by 
 William Everhart, Esq. People then began to perceive 
 the advantage of setting private dwellings back from the 
 street, of having side-yards, and of planting ornamental 
 shade-trees and shrubbery. Until this improvement was 
 introduced and those trees planted which now render the 
 streets of West Chester so umbrageous and pleasant, our 
 pedestrians found nothing to intercept the glare of the 
 summer sun, save here and there, at long intervals, a strag- 
 gling relic of a decaying Lombardy poplar. 
 
 The first foot-pavement in front of private property in 
 West Chester was made in 1809 by Dr. William Darling- 
 ton. There being no bricks then made in the borough, 
 rough flag-stones were used for the purpose. The example 
 was immediately followed by Ephraim Buffington, who re- 
 sided opposite, at the White Hall hotel, in Gay Street;. 
 and then William Hemphill, Esq., with more ambition and 
 better taste, procured bricks from abroad, and paved neatly 
 in front of his dwelling, on High Street, where the Bank 
 of Chester County now stands. These were the voluntary 
 acts of individuals, but the process found few imitators 
 until the corporate authorities, in 1823, required the side- 
 walks to be regularly graded, curbed, and paved. The first 
 macadamizing of streets was done in 1829 and 1830. 
 
 In "1802 a small market-house was built in the rear of 
 the public offices, but it was seldom occupied, as the mar- 
 ket-people in those days preferred to call on the towns- 
 folk at their dwellings. Those early and rarely-used 
 shambles were at length superseded in 1831 by a more 
 capacious establishment in Market Street, one hundred feet 
 in length, which was afterward extended by two or three 
 similar structures. 
 
 Early in 1869 these street-sheds were torn down, two 
 closed market-houses having been erected, but one of which 
 is now used as such. 
 
 The Cestrians (as the W^est Chester people may be classi- 
 
 cally termed) went on very cautiously for a time to improve 
 their " town" by building some houses in it, and after a 
 few years they began to aspire to corporate privileges. 
 
 Accordingly, on the 28th of March, 1799, the town of 
 West Chester was erected into a borough by an act of the 
 Legislature. This elevation required burgesses and assist- 
 ants to manage the municipal affairs, and the following is a 
 list of the chief burgesses, with date of election : 
 
 William Sharpless, 1799 ; Jacob Ehrenzeller, 1800 ; Philip Derrick, 
 1801; Jacob Ehrenzeller, 1802; Richard M. Hannum, 1803; Joshua 
 Weaver, 1804-5 ; William Bennett, 1806; William Sharpless, 1 807 ; 
 Emmor Bradley, 1808; George Worth, 1809; Joshua Weaver, 1810; 
 William Sharpless, 181 1 ; Jacob Ehrenjeller, 1812-13; Joseph Mc- 
 Clellan, 1814; Daniel Hiester, 1815-17; Jacob Ehrenzeller, 1818- 
 24; Ziba Pyle, 1825 ; Jacob Ehrenzeller, 1826; Ziba Pyle, 1827-30 ; 
 Thomas S. Bell, 1831-33; William Williamson, 1834-35; William 
 Everhart, 1836-37; Thomas S. Bell, 1838; Joseph J. Lewis, 1839-43; 
 William Williamson, 1844 ; Uriah V. Pennypacker, 1845-46; William 
 DarUngton, Esq., 1847; Uriah V. Pennypacker, 1848-49; Francis 
 James, 1850; James H. Bull, 1851; Townsend Eachus, 1852-54; 
 Joseph P. Wilson, 1855-57; Francis Parke, 1858 ; Wm. B. Waddell, 
 1859-60; Henry S. Evans, 1861 ; Wm. Darlington, 1862-65; Wayne 
 MacVeagh, 1866; Jefferson Shaner, 1867-77; Seneca 6. Willauer, 
 1878; J. Bayard Wood, 1879 to the present. 
 
 The following exhibit shows the growth of the borough 
 (including the occupants of the farms within the chartered 
 limits) at the several decennial enumerations, viz. : 
 
 
 Population^ 
 
 
 Population. 
 
 Census of 1800.... 
 
 374 
 
 Census of 1850 
 
 3172 
 
 1810.... 
 
 471 
 
 1860 
 
 4757 
 
 " 1820.... 
 
 553 
 
 1870.... 
 1880.... 
 
 5630 
 
 1830 
 
 1244 
 
 7046 
 
 " 1840 
 
 2152 
 
 
 
 At the census of 1790, West Chester was but four years 
 old, — a mere embryo " town," by the courtesy of the Legis- 
 lature, — and was only counted as a portion of Goshen town- 
 ship. 
 
 In the year 1799 the apprehension of fire induced the 
 formation of the first West Chester Fire Company, which 
 is still kept up in good condition, with two other efficient 
 companies, viz. : the " Good Will," organized in 1833, and 
 the " Fame," organized in 1838. 
 
 Mention has been made in the sketch of Goshen town- 
 ship that John Haines became the owner of all the land 
 in the borough south of Gay Street in 1702. Of this he 
 conveyed to his son John 365 acres in 1715, and the latter 
 sold to John Hoopes 50 acres in 1751 ; to his son, David 
 Haines, 51 acres and 112 perches in 1753; and devised a 
 remainder of 100 acres, at his death, to his grandson, John 
 Haines, son of David. This last John Haines sold to 
 Benjamin Trego (4, 22, 1769) ; and Trego, after giving 
 a lot therein for the county buildings in 1784, and 11 
 acres to his son Emmor, devised the remainder also to the 
 latter. June 10, 1790, Emmor Trego, of West Chester, 
 limner, conveyed to John Rankin, of the same place, 
 99 acres ; Rankin sold to William Wollerton, who sold to 
 William Everhart in 1829. 
 
 John Hoopes, besides the 50 acres purchased of John 
 Haines, also became the owner of the 51 acres and 112 
 perches of David Haines prior to 1770, and sold the whole 
 to John Patton, 1784. This formed the southeastern part 
 of the town, adjoining the " Turk's Head." 
 
 We here present a view in West Chester, copied from 
 
216 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTKR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Day's " Pennsylvania Historical Collections," 1843, in 
 which the first building on the right represents the Turk's 
 Head, beyond which are Hemphill's building, residence of 
 William W. Jefferis, the Bank of Chester County, and in 
 
 surveys in the following order : Thomas Rous, 300 acres ; 
 Thomas Coeburn, 175 ; John Bound, 500 ; John Eluny 
 
 (?) ; Nathaniel Evans, 300 ; Barnabas Wilcox, 500 ; 
 
 Richard Whitpain, 1900; Richard Collett, 1000 acres. 
 
 VIEW IN WEST CHESTEE ABOUT 1842. 
 
 the distance the " Green Tree." On the other side of the 
 street are first the public office building, erected 1791 ; 
 the court-house, finished in 1786 ; and the " Greneral Wash- 
 ington Hotel," which, however, should have a two-story 
 porch in front. The town-clock, on the court-house, dates 
 from the year 1835. 
 
 WESTTOWN. 
 Westtown was probably so named from its location, rela- 
 •tive to Easttown. It forms a rectangular parallelogram, 
 about five and one-half miles long by nearly one and a 
 half in width, the longer axis bearing E. N. E. In per- 
 haps the majority of early surveys, on the east side of 
 Brandywine, and south of the valley, the lines were run 
 E. N. E. or N. N. W., from which it appears they were 
 intended to be either parallel or at right angles to the Dela- 
 ware River in its general course at the nearest part. To 
 the southwest of the Brandywine — as in Kennet, Marl- 
 borough, New Garden, Londongrove, etc. — the lines corre- 
 sponded with the cardinal points of the compass, while in 
 the northeastern part of our county they were laid down 
 parallel or at right angles to the general course of the 
 Schuylkill River. The surveys commenced near the navi- 
 gable waters, and gradually extended back into the woods, 
 so that Westtown doubtless succeeded Thornbury as to 
 date of survey, and was probably laid out as early as 1685. 
 Its limits as a township were not then defined, and there 
 is evidence that land to the north and west was considered 
 as being in Westtown. It was finally limited to a range of 
 surveys, which extended across the township in narrow or 
 wider lots according to quantity. Beginning at the eastern 
 end, and proceeding towards the Brandywine, we find the 
 
 Some of these persons were never in this country, and it 
 does not appear that any of them settled on the land. 
 
 Prior to 1700 the land east of Chester Creek had passed 
 into other hands, and about that time permanent settle- 
 ments began to be made in the township. In 1697, Daniel 
 Hoopes purchased 300 acres in the eastern part of the 
 township, and 175 acres more in 1698. He was the first 
 constable for Westtown, which office he filled in 1700, and 
 was doubtless one of the earliest settlers. Aaron James 
 became a land-holder in 1700, as also did Benjamin Hiokr 
 man. John Bowater, of Middletown, purchased land in 
 Westtown in 1704, and by his will appears to have been 
 living there at the time of his death, in 1705. Isaac Taylor 
 resurveyed the land in this township in 1703, and made a 
 return of the following tracts : William Swarfar, 237 acres : 
 Daniel Hoopes, 470; Benjamin Hickman, 230; Aaron 
 James, 208; Richard Whitpain's heirs, 1918; Richard 
 Collett, 1090. Taylor appears to have had the oversight 
 of Collett's iOOO acres, at the western end of the township, 
 and the following note gives us a hint of his recompense : 
 
 " LoTiNG Friend Is. Taylor,— I have delirered the Boxes to thy 
 
 order. I have received of Kiohard Collett, a kind Letter with a 
 
 Hamper of a hundred pint bottles of red Port between thee * me. 
 
 Pray order them as thou thinks fitt. Thy loving frd. 
 
 ,, „ , " Jakes IiOGam. 
 
 " Philad'ia 8th 9br, 1718." 
 
 The following is not so classic : 
 
 "frend Isaac Talar,— Thomas Bradfor of London, desired me to 
 inqueirif thee had Eeceved the Efexes to pay the quet Rents of wida 
 Colate's Land, and if thear Be any Likle word of it ben sold, wich he 
 Desiered to hear by the first opartunet will ofar in 2 or 3 week tim; 
 from thy frend 
 
 "Isaac Marriott, 
 " in Chestnut Street Philadelphia, 26th 4mo 1722." 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 217 
 
 The CoUett tract was purchased, Sept. 2, 1727, by John 
 Salkeld, of Chester, while on a religious visit to Enghind, 
 and on his return he conveyed one-half of it to his nephew, 
 Joseph Parker. He also sold 300 acres to William Har- 
 vey, of Kennet. 
 
 The land of Barnabas Wilcox was long owned by the 
 Gibbons family, and now forms the well-known boarding- 
 school property of Friends. 
 
 Richard Whitpaine, of London, butcher, purchased a 
 large amount of land in Pennsylvania, some of which was 
 located in what is now Montgomery County, where there is 
 a township bearing the name. His land in Westtown ex- 
 tended from the present School farm westward to the Col- 
 lett tract. He died in 1689, whereupon his creditors as- 
 sumed the care of his lands in Pennsylvania. The sur- 
 vivor conveyed to William Aubrey in trust, and he, in the 
 next year (1713) to Rees Thomas, of Merion, and Anthony 
 Morris, Jr., of Philadelphia, brewer, to whom a patent was 
 granted by the commissioners of property. July 10, 1718. 
 It appears, however, ihat on May 28, 1718, Rees Thomas 
 and Anthony Morris conveyed a one-third interest in the 
 land to John Whitpaine, of Philadelphia, grandson of 
 Richard of London ; and he dying, his widow and execu- 
 trix disposed of his interest in the land, by deeds of lease 
 and release, to settlers. Thus on March 30 and 31, 1719, 
 she sold an undivided third part of 400 acres to James 
 Gibbons, to whom, on the same dates, R. Thomas and A. 
 Morris conveyed the other two-thirds' interest. The said 
 parties also sold to Thomas Mercer 401 acres next west of 
 Gibbons; to Richard Eavenson, 219; to John Yearsley, 
 290; to Philip Taylor, 200; and to Joseph Hunt, 252 J 
 acres adjoining CoUett's line. 
 
 James Gibbons, by will of Jan. 15, 1731-2, devised 
 the 400 acres to his son Joseph, who, by will of 9, 10, 
 1780, devised 280 acres thereof to his son James, who, with 
 his wife Deborah, by deed of April 7, 1783, conveyed to 
 Jacob Gibbons, though by this time it was found to be but 
 271 acres. Jacob Gibbons and wife Jane sold, in 1792, 
 to Joseph Shippen, Esq., of a prominent Philadelphia 
 family, then of Westtown, and some time associate judge 
 of our county courts, two tracts of 187 acres and 67 
 acres 96 perches, they being parts of the 400 acres which 
 had belonged to Joseph Gibbons, father of James and 
 Jacob. Judge Shippen may have built the mansion there- 
 on, in late years torn down by George Rhoads, who built 
 his present residence on the same site. Tradition says it was 
 the finest house in its neighborhood in its day, having 
 wide halls, high ceilings, etc. March 15, 1794, Judge 
 Shippen leased the property to Joseph Gibbons, Jr., for 
 three years, reserving 
 
 "out of the same for his own Conyenienoe, use and Benefit, his stone 
 Swelling House <fc Garden he now oooapies, with all the young 
 Orchard & Ground inclosed with it, behind the same; the new frame 
 stables, for the accommodation of his own Horses & Cows, . . . and 
 also for the accommodation of the Horses belonging to his Friends 
 when they oome to him on Business, or a visit to himself or Family." 
 
 This plantation he called " Pkmley." It is said that he 
 
 also owned a farm on the east side of the School farm, now 
 
 of F. J. Darlington, and that he resided thereon for some 
 
 time. It was stipulated in the lease that Joseph Gibbons, 
 
 28 
 
 Jr., should be provided as soon as possible with a conveni- 
 ent log dwelling-house. 
 
 Joseph Shippen sold the tract of 187 acres, by deed 
 of May 21, 1804, to Jesse James for £3740, and he by 
 will devised the same to his sons, John and Jesse, the 
 first of whom sold his interest to his brother in 1824, and 
 the hitter resided there until 1855, when he sold the farm 
 to Borradaile Prichett. Gottlieb Schiedt was the next 
 purchaser, in 18C3, and he in turn sold to George Rhoads 
 Dec. 21, 1869, who erected a new dwelling, of which 
 a view is herein shown. 
 
 WESTTOWN RATE, 1715. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 James Gibbins 8 
 
 Daniel Huopes 07 
 
 Benjamin lliokmim 2 6 
 
 Margaret Todhunter 1 .S 
 
 Aaron Tames 5 
 
 Non-resident Land. 
 
 Whitbens 16 
 
 Richard Collets 7 if 
 
 Mordecai Maddock 10 
 
 Total 2 78 
 
 In 1722 we find also the names of Thomas Mercer, 
 Stephen Beaks, Joseph Hunt, Caleb Perkins. 
 
 TAXABLBS IN 1753. 
 
 Thomns Mercer, Joseph Gibbons, Joshua Hoopes, .John Taylor, 
 Joseph James, Stephen Hoopes, Joseph Hunt, Sam. Osburn, Benj" 
 Hickman, Jane Gibbons, W™ Huey, Francis Hickman, Jacob Yearsley, 
 Thomas Yearsley, Tho» Townsend, W™ Hunt, Thomas Taylor, John 
 Cooper, Hannah James, Adam Dugless, Nathan Yearsley, Nath' Evi- 
 son, Walter Lilly, John Forrest. 
 
 " One Freeman, y® Constable its like knows who, having secreted 
 him from us." 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 
 James Gibbons, Joseph Gibbons, Thomas Taylor, Thomas Mercer, 
 Samuel Osborne, Peter Osborne, John Hunt, William Hunt, Joseph 
 James, Joseph Hoops, Isaiah Hoops, Benjamin Hickman, John Polus, 
 Moses Cock, John Davis, William Hawley, Jacob Sharpless, Samuel 
 Entrikin, James Huey, William Jones, William Jones, jr., James 
 Black, Richard Strowd (Strode?), Phebe Taylor, Amos Davis, Thomas 
 Darlington, Edward Thornbury, Richard Thornbury, Thomas Wil- 
 liamson, Joseph Curtain, Hannah Carter, Nathan JefTeris, Joshua 
 Smith, Cornelius Wood, Joseph White, William Chamberlin, Richard 
 Few, Isaac Hoops, Jesse Camby, John WooUey, Francis Hickman, 
 Robert Yearsley. 
 
 EAST WHITELAND AND WEST WHITELAND. 
 
 The township of Whiteland was organized about the 
 year 1704, and is therefore among the oldest townships in 
 the county. Its first constable was David Jones, who is 
 mentioned on the court records 12th month, 1704-5. 
 
 Whiteland is the northwestern part of the original Welsh 
 tract of 40,000 acres, which was laid out to that people in 
 1684, with the expectation that they should be a separate 
 barony, with liberty to manage their municipal affairs in 
 their own way. It appears they also desired to retain their 
 own language ; but the tide of subsequent events rendered 
 the whole scheme impracticable. The north and west lines 
 of this survey are still chiefly retained as lines of townships, 
 some slight alterations having been made in the northern 
 line ; but other surveys encroached on the south, so that 
 the other lines are obliterated. If the reader will examine 
 the map of Chester County, he will find the 'northern line 
 of this Welsh survey to be tliat which separates Tredyfi^rin 
 and the Whitelands from Schuylkill, Charlestown, and 
 
218 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Uwchlan, and the western line that which separates West 
 Whiteland, West Goshen, and West Chester from East 
 Cain and East Bradford, its northwest corner being the 
 northwest corner of West Whiteland township. 
 
 WHITELAND RATE, 1716. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 James Thomas 6 
 
 Richard Thomas 3 9 
 
 Thomas James 2 
 
 Owen Thomas 3 
 
 Isaac Richardson 3 
 
 Edward Kingson 16 
 
 Isaac Malin 2 6 
 
 John Spriise 16 
 
 Lewis Williams ] 10 
 
 Evan Bowen 10 
 
 John Earle 1 
 
 Thomas Owen 16 
 
 Adam Baker 10 
 
 Llewellin Parry 10 
 
 David Howell 2 
 
 Rees Hughs 16 
 
 Rees Prichard 16 
 
 James Rowland 10 
 
 Griffith Philips 6 
 
 Evan Lewis 
 
 David Meredith 
 
 John Martin 
 
 Non-reaideni Land. 
 
 Joseph Pikes 12 10 
 
 John Budd 6 
 
 David Powell 6 
 
 Edward Shippen 
 
 Thomas Pascall 
 
 Hugh Wilson 
 
 6 10 
 2 1 
 1 3 
 
 ffree Men. 
 
 Charles Brooks 4 
 
 Mathew Welsh 4 
 
 Tot 15 19 11 
 
 According to the township book, the following persons 
 held the office of constable prior to 1726, beginning with 
 1710 : Isaac Malin, James Thomas, Edward Kinneson, 
 Lewis Williams, David Meredith, Sr., Evan Lewis, Eees 
 Pritchard, Thomas Owen, James Rowland, James David, 
 Richard Anderson, Isaac Richardson, Thomas James, John 
 Spruce, Owen Thomas, Evan Philips. The first supervisor 
 was James Thomas, in 1714, and Griffith Howell is men- 
 tioned in 1724. George Aston and John Spruce were the 
 first overseers of the poor, appointed in 1730. 
 
 " To y" Honorable Rich* Hayes Esq', President, and to y» Rest of 
 y= Honourable Bsqr', Justices, at y« Court of Quarter Sessions held 
 at Chester, february 1731. 
 
 " The Petition of us yo subscribers Inhabitants of y« Township of 
 Whiteland humbly Showeth that whereas most or all of us in our Suc- 
 cessive Turns have been put to no Small difficulty in the Execution 
 of y" Several offices of Constables, Collectors of y« County Taxes over- 
 seers of y« poore, Supervisors of y' highways &a partly thro y« obsti- 
 nanoy of Some Refusing their Quotoes or proportionals on Publiok 
 Emergencyes and occasions under pretext y' our Townships limits or 
 District not having Certain boundaries on Record Renders our offices 
 in their Several Requirings in Some measure faint and abortive, 
 Wherefore your Petitioners humbly Craves y» a Recorde of our Town- 
 ship may be drawn according as y® boundaries herewith Sent in a 
 Rough plan Delinates, and your Petitioners In Duty bound pray for 
 your prosperity. 
 
 "Rich'" Thomas, William Paschall, Griffith Lewis, Sam' James, 
 Hugh Davies, Thomas James, Adam Baker, Thomas Morris, David 
 Meredith, William Thomas, Richard Anderson, Henry Anderson, 
 Thomas Evans, Morgan David, Theophilus Thomas, David Jenkin, 
 Tho' Test, George Hunter, John Hunter, Jacob Wright, Ed" Kinnison, 
 William Kinnison, Isaac Malin, Jr., Richard Richison, James David, 
 James Rowland, Samuel Owen, Thomas Llewelin, Isaac Malin, David 
 Howel, Evan Philips, Lewis William." 
 
 Petitions were presented at the same time by Goshen 
 township, and by persons on the borders of the two town- 
 ships. A plot of the township, probably made to accom- 
 pany the foregoing petition, represents the land-owners, be- 
 ginning at the Tredyffrin line and south side, to have been 
 James Rowland, Samuel Owen, Owen Thomas, Katharine 
 David, Isaac Malin, William Paschall, John Sharpless, 
 Richard Richardson, Edward Kinnison, Jacob Wright, 
 John Hunter, and George Hunter, in what is now East 
 Whiteland. -North of these were Reese Pritchard, Evan 
 Philips, James David, Lewis William, David Jenkin, The- 
 ophilus Thomas. 
 
 In what is now West Whiteland a series of surveys 
 appear to have crossed the valley, beginning with Morgan 
 David, Thomas Evan, and Richard Anderson on the east, 
 then, in succession, David Meredith, Evan Lewis, Griffith 
 Howell, David Howell, John Morgan, Adam Baker, Rich- 
 ard Thomas, Thomas James, Thomas Morris, and John 
 Spruce. 
 
 In 1743 the citizens petitioned for the appointment of 
 two sets of supervisors, one for the east and the other for 
 the west end, stating that for several years they had agreed 
 upon a division of the roads at the east line of the land 
 late of Thomas Evans. They asked for the appointment 
 of Recce Francis and James Trego for the east half, and 
 David Meredith, Jr., and John McCord for the west. 
 Another similar petition, in March, 1750, seems to show 
 that the first was not granted, and that the division of the 
 roads was agreed upon in 1732. In each case the mend- 
 ing of the " Great Conestoga road" was complained of as 
 burdensome. 
 
 The township was divided by decree of court, Feb. 26, 
 1765, as follows : 
 
 " Upon hearing the petitions presented to this court, cne from the 
 inhabitants of the east and the other from the inhabitants of the 
 west end of the township of Whiteland, in this county, praying that 
 the said township may be divided and made into two townships, it is 
 considered by this court, that the said township of Whiteland be and 
 is hereby divided into two townships, and that the line of division 
 shall begin in the Welsh line, being the north line of said township, 
 and from thence southerly along the west line of Thomas Bowens, 
 from thence along the west line of land late of George Jenkins, dee'd, 
 thence along the west line of land late of George Hunter, and from 
 thence to the line of Goshen township in a direct course, and tbat 
 such part of said township as lyeth to the eastward of said division 
 line, shall hereafter be called East Whiteland, and the other part 
 thereof, lying to the westward of the same, shall hereafter be called 
 West Whiteland." 
 
 Richard Thomas, son and heir of Richard ap Thomas, a 
 purchaser of 5000 acres from William' Penn, took up a 
 large amount of land in Whiteland, and obtained a patent, 
 May 17, 1704, for 1 869 acres, to which 243 acres were 
 added by patent of March 8, 1717, in lieu of some in 
 Newtown. He settled thereon in 1711, and sold off small 
 tracts to obtain neighbors. He erected his dwelling-house 
 near to Valley Creek, and in the immediate vicinity of a 
 collection of Indian huts. The reason assigned for such a 
 selection is said to have been that the dogs of the Indian 
 village would assist in keeping the wild beasts, then nu- 
 merous, at a distance. The place was called, in the Indian 
 language, Katamoonchink, which signifies " Hazelnut 
 Giove." The name of the township, Whiteland, is thought 
 by some to have been derived from Whitford Garden, in 
 Flintshire, Wales. 
 
 The following letter to Governor Gordon shows that the 
 proximity of the Indians was not always profitable : 
 
 " Caln, ye 3d of ye 9 ber, 1727. 
 "May it please ye Governour; 
 
 " These may Certify that on ye 16th day of July last 1727, Richard 
 Thomas, of ye township of whiteland. Came before me and did De- 
 clare on his sollem affirmation, that ye King of ye five nations of In- 
 dians having been at Philadelphia to treat with the Governour, and 
 did on their Return with his Company take vp their lodging near to 
 his house, whear they Resided about fore days and nights together, 
 ye nearest Neighbours Contributing to their necessitys what they 
 could ; ye neighbours being few and poore Could not supply j™ to 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOKOUGHS, ETC. 
 
 219 
 
 ye full, at which place they killed one of his Cows, which he Valued 
 at four pounds, and desired of me a Warant to apprehend ye said 
 Indians, but I being Informed that they had a Letter of Credit ffrom 
 ye Governour to all persons to supply them with what they wanted 
 (and they being gon from ye said Richard Thomns's 2 days), I 
 thought it most Propper not to send a hue and Cry after them ; But 
 to write to John Wright and Tobias Hendricks to Treat with them 
 about it In an Amicable way, and to get satisfaction for ye Party In- 
 jured J but they haveing past Suskahana before my letters Came to 
 hand, they mist of ye opportunity. However about 3 days since ye 
 said Richard Thomas Came a Gain to me and Informed me that he 
 had been with the Gorernour to Lay his Case before him, In order to 
 meet with Relief, but (as he says) ye Governour Would give no orders 
 about it Vntill he had Reo* some Information from me to set ye Case 
 In a true Light, In order to which he on ye 2 day of this Instant, 
 November, 1727, brought two of his near neighbours, namely John 
 Stringfellow and Henry Atherton, who according to ye laws and Cus- 
 toms of this Province, did attest and solamnly Declare ye said Cow 
 killed, as above to be well worth four pounds; and I being sensible of 
 ye truth of ye above narration, shall Conclude who am ye Governour's 
 most hearty friend and servant 
 
 "To Command Geo. Aston." 
 
 Kichard Thomas (3d), son of the last named, added some 
 hundreds of acres to the family possessions, and at the time 
 of his death held about 1000 acres, on which, perhaps at 
 the junction of the Conestoga and Wilmington roads, he 
 had laid out the town of Whiteford, at least on paper. 
 The old family residence is said to have been on the pres- 
 ent property of Richard Ashbridge, but the old hip-roofed 
 house now standing was probably the second structure. 
 Richard Thomas (3d) devised his land nearly equally 
 between his sons, Richard (Col. Thomas) and (Jeorge, the 
 first receiving the eastern portion. In an unproved will of 
 1752, he gave to Richard the land south of the Conestoga 
 road, together with a " water corn-mill" and share in a 
 saw-mill thereon, wliile to George he gave the land on the 
 north side of the road, and that on the east side of the 
 -Wilmington road, together with the old mill and land be- 
 longing thereto. George Thomas, in 1 772, settled at the 
 present residence of his grandson, Dr. George Thomas, 
 which is said to have been several years in building After 
 the battle of Brandywine, while Uwchlan meeting-house 
 was used as a hospital, meetings were held in a large room 
 in this house, now divided into two smaller rooms. Dr. 
 Thomas owns nearly 1000 acres of the original tract, the 
 most of which has descended by will. When Col. Thomas 
 took up arms, in 1776, he made a conveyance of his land, 
 500 acres, to his peaceable brother George, to save it from 
 confiscation by the British in case the Americans were un- 
 successful. The marble quarries on Dr. Thomas' prop- 
 erty are extensive and valuable. 
 
 In East Whiteland a tract of 250 acres, laid out for 
 James Thomas, was described as in " DuflFryn Mawr," 
 which is Welsh for " Great Valley," as Bryn Mawr is for 
 " Great Hill." 
 
 One of the oldest dwelling-houses in West Whiteland is 
 the home of Jacob M. Zook, built by William Owen, in 
 1750. The material used was hill stone ; the walls were 
 thick, ceilings low, and the chimneys placed in the corners. 
 On a large stone by the front door are to be seen the letters 
 E 0, and tradition says that while the masons engaged 
 on the building were at dinner, Elizabeth, the wife of Wil- 
 liam Owen, cut her initials thereon with a knife, and caused 
 it to be placed in the wall. Additions have been made to 
 
 both ends of the original structure, but no rooms in the 
 house are more comfortable than those which date back to 
 1750T In 1770 the house was purchased by Morritz, son 
 of Peter Zug, as the name was then spelled, who lived near 
 Germantown. 
 
 TAXABLES in 1753. 
 
 Richard Thomas, Samuel James, Thomas Morris, George Hunter, 
 Ann Hunter, John Hambreth, John Templeton, John Todhunter, 
 Thomas Bowen, Rees Priehard, David Meredith, Rees Francis, James 
 Guest, William Reily, Benjamin Bartholomew, Paul Bond, William 
 Garratt, John Bowen, John Engrom, William Boal, Samuel Bond, 
 Joseph Bartholomew, William Hudson, Richard Richardson, John 
 Davis, Joshua Bean, Maliichi Jones, David Meredith, sen', Mathias 
 Lemey, William Meredith, Stimuel Lewis, James Cloyd, William 
 Lewis, David Howell, William Morgan, Randal Malin, Robert Powell, 
 James Willcox, George Aston, John Cufhbert, John Holland, Henry 
 Hambright, Henry Atherton, Garrat Berry, David Jenkin, StofTel 
 Lewis, Gilbert Cannedy, Robert Thomson, Thomas Jinnings, Robert 
 Carter, John Cooper, William Belley, John Smith, Jonathan Howell, 
 Joseph Hudson, Terance Conley, John Adams, John Nealey, John 
 Garratt, Hugh Carragan, Hezekiah Hall, Thomas Evans, Ludwish 
 Spongle, Frederick Isemenger, George Nonert, Edmund Phillips. 
 
 Freemen, — John Blackford, William Been, William Gill, John 
 Evans, Moses Cadwalader, John Fiehgarel, Tarence Caragen, Am- 
 brose Lybscum, Christian Peterson, David Gorman, Daniel Deborah, 
 Robert Edward, Garratt Mcally, George Orson, James Waddle. 
 
 EAST WHITELAND LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 
 John Adams, Benjamin Bartholomew, sr., John Bartholomew, Ben- 
 jamin Bartholomew, jr., Benjamin Bond, Joseph Bond, Widow Bowen, 
 David Cloyd, Conrad Coleman, John Cinneka (Miller), Widow Dil- 
 worth, Daniel Durborow, John Fike, Josiah Hibbard, Thomas Harris, 
 Thomas Harris, jr., Widow Ives, John Kerlin, Samuel Kennedy, .To- 
 seph Lewis, Michael Lapp, Randall Malin, Robert Powell, Widow 
 Philips, Richard Richardson, James Robinson, John Blatchford, 
 Robert Rook, Jacob Coffman, Henry Sowders, John Smith, George 
 Meredith, John Templeton, Andrew Todd, Christian Zook, John 
 Zook. 
 
 WEST WHITELAND LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 
 John Jacobs, John Williams, William Trimble, James Richardson, 
 Daniel Meredith, Mary Meredith, Daniel Evans, Richard Bull, Sam- 
 uel Lewis, John Cuthbert, Robert Murrell, Daniel Thompson, George 
 Garrett, Henry Tims, Jacob Leamy, Samuel Jefferis, Barney Swego, 
 John Smith, Ezekiel Rigg, George Hoofman, Neal McCarty, John 
 Newlin, Wm. Ingram, Samuel James, Richard Thomas, George 
 Thomas, Isaac Jacobs, Morritz Zook, Evan Anderson, Da-vid Dun- 
 woody, Patrick Cannon, Eli Bently, Rich'd White, John Turk, Joseph 
 Morris, William Beale, Isaac Speakman, Samuel Bond, John Bull, 
 William John, Wm. Noblit, Samuel Noblit, Edward Yeoman. 
 
 WILLTSTOWN. 
 
 Willistown was organized as a township about the year 
 1701:. It WHS first represented at court by Thomas Gar- 
 rett, as constable, in 1705. A large part of the township 
 was within the lines of the Welsh tract, but many surveys 
 were made for other persons, especially in the southern part. 
 The families of Hibberd, Massey, Smedley, Thomas, Gar- 
 rett, and Yarnall were among the earliest and most numer- 
 ous, and many of their descendants are inhabitants of the 
 township at the present time. 
 
 A draught of the southern part of the township, made 
 about 1704, shows that, beginning at the southeast corner 
 and going northward, Francis Yarnall had 510 acres ; Peter 
 Thomas, 528 ; Thomas Massey, 420 ; and Barker & Co., 
 2103 acres. West of Peter Thomas the Indians had a 
 square piece of 500 acres, mostly on the east side of Ridley 
 Creek. West of Barker & Co. were Samuel Levis, 667 
 acres ; William Garrett, 556 ; and Samuel Richardson, 
 1160 acres. 
 
220 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Francis Yarnall obtained a patent, Nov. 28, 1703, for 
 400 acres next to the Indians' land, and in 1738 Amos and 
 Mordecai Yarnall obtained patents for the land deserted by 
 the Indians. 
 
 Josiah Hibberd, of Darby, purchased from Martha 
 Barker, of London, and Joseph Buckley, of Philadelphia, 
 250 acres of the Barker & Co.'s tract, and in 1731 con- 
 veyed the same to his son, Benjamin Hibberd, who settled 
 thereon. John Hibberd, another son, had settled in the 
 township by 1721, and in 1722 we find the names of 
 Richard Jones, Benony Grriffiih, Thomas Richard, and 
 Morris Grriifith. 
 
 WILLISTOWN RATE, 1715. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 6. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 f 
 
 8. 
 
 d. 
 
 Francis Yarnold 
 
 ... 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 William Roberts 
 
 U 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 Peter Thomas 
 
 ... 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 George Garrett 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 Samuel Bishop 
 
 .. 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (leorge Smeiiley 
 
 & Tho. Smedley ■" 
 
 ... 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 Non-reKidevf Ltatd. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tho' Garrett 
 
 .. 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 William Hudson 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 Thomiis .Tames 
 
 .. 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Barkur & Company 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 George Orson 
 
 ... 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 Marsys Land 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 John Yarnold 
 
 .. 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 .Jobson Land 
 
 U 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 Peter Yarnold 
 
 .. 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 Society Land 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 Peter Thomas, Ju'.... 
 
 ... 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 Jacob Thomas 
 
 ... 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Total 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 Lloyd, Edward Peers, Marey Bertten, Nathan Griffith, Mary Crook- 
 son, Bennoney Griffith, Lewis Williams, William Bennett, Moris 
 Griffith, Walter Lloyd, Lowes Reeis, John Bogs, James Farrow, 
 Richard Dolby, Amos Yarnell, Sener, Frances Yarnell, Daniel Yar- 
 nell, Amos Yarnell, Junr, Isaac Garratt, Bengman Hamton, Thomas 
 Hall, Samuel Hall, Nathaniel Grubb, Joseph James, Frances Smedley, 
 Thomas Smedley, George Smedley (fuller), John Hebbert, Frances 
 Norton, Samuel Maocue, Thomas Harris, Owen Howell, Joseph 
 Bowen, Robert Jones, John Dolbey, John Weyn, Giles Fagon, Joseph 
 Lewis, George Smedley. 
 
 Freemen. — Thomas Philips, Thomas Massey, Lewis Masgey, Thomas 
 Williams, Patrick Bruff, Jacob Nobrey, William Roland, James 
 Wippo, Andrew Buchanan, Samuel Maocue, John Maxwell, Abraham 
 Hibberd, John Simson. 
 
 LAND-OWNERS, 1774. 
 Joshua Ashbridge, David Ashbridge, John Brown, John Briggs, 
 John Boggs, Levi Bowen, Ezekiel Bowen, Owen Brooks, Daniel Cor- 
 nook, Joseph Cox, John Douglas, Moses David, Joshua Evans, Jona- 
 than Evans, William Force, William Garrett, William Garrett, jr., 
 Isaac Garrett, Thomas Garrett, Josiah Garrett, Jesse Garrett, Samuel 
 Garrett, Aaron Garrett, John Griffith, Nathaniel Grubb, Benjamin 
 Griffith, Benjamin Hibberd, Benjamin Hibberd, jr., Phineas Hibberd, 
 Samuel Hibberd, Caleb Hibberd, Thomas Harris, Benjamin Hamp- 
 ton, Griffith Jones, Thomas Jones, George King, John Longstretch, 
 Arasmus Lloyd, William Lloyd, Isaac Lewis, Abraham Lewis, Jacob 
 Lewis, Thomas Massey, I.=aae Massey, Samuel MoCue, Phineas Mas- 
 
 RESIDENCE OP DAVID EVANS. 
 
 TAXABLBS IN 1753. 
 Thomas Smedley, William Garratt, James Massey, Thomas Massey, 
 Benjamin Hibbert, Moses Yarnell, Jacob Thomas, John Yarnell, 
 Sener, John Yarnell, Juner, Joseph Yarnell, Isaac Thomas, Peter 
 Thomas, Owen Williams, Jemima Thomas, Lorence Cox, Thomas 
 Malin, Robert Cox, George Harris, Nicholas White, Thomas AVhite, 
 Uriah White, Randal Croxen, William Cornock, Tho. Treviller, Tho. 
 
 sey, Isaao Mellin, Thomas Mellin, Caleb Maris, Benjamin Marple, 
 Cromwell Pearco, Edward Pearoe, Thomas Russell, Isaao Richard, 
 William Reeoe, Joseph Rowland, Howel Roberts, John Smedley, 
 George Smedley, Thomas Smedley, Anne Smedley, Caleb Smedley, 
 Hannah Smedley, John Soott, Joseph Thomas, Isaao Thomas, John 
 Taylor, Thomas White, Anthony Wayne, John Williams, Lewis Wil- 
 liams, Amos Yarnall, Amos Yarnall, jr., Francis Yarnall, Enoch Yar- 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOEOUGHS, ETC. 
 
 221 
 
 nail, Dan'l Tarnall, Nathan Yarnall, Joshua Tarnall, Geo. Yarnall, 
 laaao Yarnall, Isaac Yarnall, jr., Caleb Yarnall, Joseph Yarnall. 
 
 MAIiVEKN. , 
 In the spring of 1866, David Evans entered into pos- 
 session of 24 acres of land, lying on both sides of the 
 Pennsylvania Eailroad, near what was then the junction of 
 the West Chester Branch Eailroad, called " West Chester 
 Intersection," and carried on the coal, lumber, and feed busi- 
 ness on the north side of the Pennsylvania Eailroa'd, at the 
 yard formerly occupied by Benjamin J. Eoberts. 
 
 In 1871 he purchased of Isaac Euth 1-40 acres on the 
 south side of the King road, and joining the former tract 
 on that side, and the same year sold an undivided half 
 interest in it to his nephew, William Penn Evans, with 
 whom he entered into partnership in business, under the 
 firm-name of D. & W. P. Evans. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Eailroad, in straightening its tracks, 
 built a new station about 100 yards north of the old " West 
 Chester Intersection" station, and at the suggestion of the 
 firm and others interested the new station was called " Mal- 
 vern." it was first used for passengers on the 21st of 
 second month, 1873, when the travel was changed to the 
 new line. 
 
 This change in the bed of the railroad made it necessary 
 for the firm of D. & W. P. Evans to seek a now location 
 for their business, and having agreed with the railroad com- 
 pany to put in a siding for them, giving 500 feet of clear 
 standing-room for cars on the same track as the old one, 
 but on the south side of the railroad, and about 150 yards 
 farther east, they built their steam mill and warehouse, now 
 much enlarged, and owned and occupied by William P. 
 Evans. 
 
 Each of the partners built a dwelling-house on the Euth 
 farm in 1872. The one represented in the opposite cut is 
 on the west side of Channing Avenue (running parallel to 
 the Intersection road on the west side of the farm), and 
 south of a cross street at right angles to the avenue. Wil- 
 liam P. Evans built in the southeast angle of the same 
 streets, and exactly opposite to his uncle. 
 
 They also succeeded in obtaining a post-oflSce for the 
 village. D. Evans having built a storehouse in the south- 
 west angle of the railroad and Bridge Street in 1875, and 
 sold it to Samuel Entriken, L. K. Eeevcs rented it, and 
 opened a store in 1876, and was appointed the first post- 
 master by commission dated 12th mo- 8th of that year. 
 
 The water-works were constructed by the firm in the fall 
 of 1871, obtaining pure, soft water from a walled-in spring 
 on the Euth farm, and forcing it two thousand three hun- 
 dred feet through cast-iron pipes to the tank in the village 
 by a twelve-feet over-shot water-wheel and two double-act- 
 ing pumps. To guard against a failure of water for power 
 in times of severe and protracted drought, or of accidents 
 to the wheel or pumps, a ten horse-power steam-engine and 
 forcing-pump has been placed in a building adjoining that 
 of the water-wheel, and found capable of throwing up in 
 twenty-four hours, and the spring of supplying, at least 
 fifty thousand gallons of water during times of lowest water 
 known for the last fifteen years. The reservoir or tank is 
 placed high enough to force the water over the roofs of 
 houses in the village, and the building has a cellar under it, 
 
 in which the pipes are so arranged as to pass the spring- 
 water directly to consumers without going into the tank, 
 which receives only the excess, and the supply to dwellings 
 is always fresh, cool, and clear. 
 
 The Baptists and Friends each have a meeting-house in 
 the village, and a boarding- and day-school is conducted by 
 Jane M. and Margaret G. Eldridge, in a house built by 
 themselves on Channing Avenue in 1873. Josiah A. Eob- 
 erts started his nursery of fruit and ornamental trees in 
 1869, on ground adjoining that of the railroad, nearly south 
 of the present station. 
 
 Still & Euth built their door-, sash-, and planing-mill in 
 1874, and J. Jones Still, the senior partner, his comfort- 
 able dwelling on King Street in 1880. 
 
 John Dotwiler came from Phoenixville and began the 
 stove and tinware and tin-roofing business in 1876. 
 
 John S. Coates erected his large blacksmith- and wheel- 
 wright-shop in 1877, and occupies the former himself. 
 
 In the fall of 1879, Isaac Hall bought the coal- and 
 lumber-yard from William P. Evans, and associated him- 
 self in business with Levi S. Thomas, under the firm-name 
 of Hall & Thomas. The same fall and winter he erected a 
 neat and commodious dwelling on a lot south of and in 
 front of the Friends' meeting-house, which he now occu- 
 pies. Levi S. Thomas built his dwelling on Channing 
 Avenue in 1876. 
 
 The elevation of the ground upon which the village is 
 situated — about six hundred feet above tide-water — gives it 
 a commanding view of the surrounding country. When 
 the atmosphere is clear, fine views may be had over New 
 Jersey towards the south, and glimpses along the Schuylkill 
 northeasterly from Valley Forge to the hills beyond Potts- 
 town, as well as of the beautiful Chester Valley filling in 
 the nearer view. 
 
 Malvern contains about fifty houses, besides shops and 
 business-places, most of which have been built since the 
 present name was given it. The society is good and free 
 (iom disorder, no intoxicating liquors being sold, as the 
 people are dotevniinedly opposed to th^ir introduction or use. 
 
 The Malvern Flour- Mill. — This mill, situated at Mal- 
 vern, Pa., on the main line of the Pennsylvania Eailroad, 
 was built in 1874-75, and is operated by the owner, Wil- 
 liam Penn Evans. This mill is believed to be one of the 
 first in the Eastern States to adopt the " new process" or 
 patent system of making flour, which has revolutionized 
 modern milling. (See cut on next page.) 
 
 The mill is now being remodeled upon the " gradual 
 reduction" process, in which rolls and reduction-machines 
 are substituted fur millstones. When this change is made 
 it will have a present capacity of one hundred and twenty- 
 five barrels per day, which can be increased to two hun- 
 dred and fifty barrels per day. It will be driven by 125 
 horse-power Buckej'c engine. 
 
 It is believed that few mills in the East or West will 
 surpass this in convenience of arrangement, excellence of 
 machinery, or quality of flour manufactured. The favor- 
 able location of the mill for purchasing Western grain and 
 feed makes it one of the best business points in the county. 
 
 Among other well-known brands of flour are the " Bon- 
 nibell" patent and " Malvern." 
 
222 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLYANIA. 
 
 W. p. EVANS STEAM FLOURINa-MILL, MALVERN, PA. 
 
 HOMES OP CHESTER COUNTY. 
 
 It is perhaps not saying any more than is believed by most 
 of our readers when we assert that there are very few coun- 
 ties in the State which contain more fine residences and com- 
 fortable homes than Chester County. Some of these boast 
 of their age, — venerable structures, whose roof-tree has shel- 
 tered many generations, — others of their delightful situa- 
 tions or beautiful surroundings, and still others of their 
 ornate style, commodious size, or modern adornments. But 
 in every case they are looked upon with just pride by their 
 possessors, embodying as they do a variety of interests 
 which cluster around the " hearth and home." Very many 
 of these, located in various parts of the county, are herein 
 represented (scattered throughout the volume). These 
 illustrations of Chester County homes embrace the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 BIRMINUHAM. 
 
 Jones, William, Jr. I Sager, John P. 
 
 Painter, William T. I Sharpless, Benjamin. 
 
 Moore, James C. 
 
 CALN. 
 
 I Moore, William, Jr. 
 
 CHARLESTOWN. 
 
 Buckwalter, John H. | Hartman, D. R. 
 
 DOWNINGTOWN. 
 Parke, John E. 
 
 Cope, E. & E. 
 Hannum, John, Jr. 
 Holley, E. H. 
 James, Edwin. 
 
 EAST BRADFORD. 
 
 Little, George. 
 Mellor, G. B. 
 Seeds, Emmor. 
 Worth, Francis. 
 Worth, Samuel. 
 
 EAST BRANDYWINE. 
 
 Borlan, James M. i Guie, James. 
 
 Dorian, Samuel B. | Moore, William. 
 
 Roberts, James C. 
 
 March, Franklin. 
 
 EAST COVENTRY. 
 
 I Saylor, J. C. 
 
 EAST EALLOWFIBLD. 
 Frcdd, Benjamin E. . | Pyle, Cloud. 
 
 Pyle, James B. 
 
 EAST GOSHEN. 
 
 Downing, S. R. and M. G. [ Roberts, Pratt. 
 EAST MARLBOROUGH. 
 
 Chalfant, William. i Seal, T. F. and L. G. 
 
 Myers, Michael and Amy K. | Smith, I. Milton. 
 Taylor, Bayard. 
 
 EAST NANTMEAL. 
 Morris, Edwin. 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 223 
 
 
 BAST NOTTINGHAM. 
 
 
 POCOPSON. 
 
 Graves, Harvey. 
 
 
 Pugh, William. 
 
 Baily, James W. 
 
 1 Martin, George. 
 
 Grier, R. J. 
 
 
 Reynolds, Joseph T. 
 
 
 SADSBUEY. 
 
 Pugh, Amos. 
 
 
 Stubbs, Joseph I. 
 
 Beale, Horace A. 
 
 
 Large, Susan W. 
 
 
 Wilson, R. F. and J. D. 
 
 Brooks, Nancy. 
 
 
 Maule, Nathan. 
 
 
 EAST PIKELAND. 
 
 Chalfant, John N. 
 
 
 Moore, Henry. 
 
 
 
 
 Ross, Moses. 
 
 
 Prizer, Benjamin. 
 
 
 
 
 
 SCHUYLKILL AND PHOENIXVILLB. 
 
 
 BASTTOWN. 
 
 Chrisman, R. F. 
 
 
 Kaler, Levi B. 
 
 Cleaver, I. A. 
 
 
 Saohse, J. F. 
 
 Cornett, Samuel. 
 
 
 Moore Hall. 
 
 Lobb, Preston W. 
 
 Sharp, Joseph W. 
 
 Fisher, B. F. 
 
 
 Suplee, C. B. 
 
 Paist, Charles. 
 
 
 Wayne, William. 
 
 Hunter, J. T. F. 
 
 
 Vanderslioe, John. 
 
 BAST VINCENT. 
 Chrisman, Henry E. | Towers, Michael. 
 
 BAST WHITELAND. 
 Fetters, Samuel. | Harrar, John T. 
 
 Malin, John, Sr. 
 
 FRANKLIN. 
 
 West, J. G. 
 
 Futhey, James L. 
 Gibson, T. J. 
 Haslett, William B 
 
 Darlington, H. M. 
 
 Mercer, Thomas. 
 
 Baker, Aaron. 
 Carter, Jno. I. 
 Chambers, David P. 
 Dingee & Conard Co. (The) 
 Good, Francis. 
 
 Dowdall, Joseph. 
 HobsoD, Phebe S. 
 Hoopes, Thomas B 
 Michener, Ellwood. 
 
 Hayes, Jacob. 
 
 Dickey, Ebenezer V. 
 
 Charlton, Thomas M. 
 Myers, Daniel. 
 
 King, Brinton. 
 Lancaster, Joseph. 
 Mendenhall, Aaron. 
 
 HIGHLAND. 
 
 Hinkson, Abbie A. 
 Parke, John A. 
 Scott, D. E. 
 
 KENNET SQUARE. 
 
 I Yeatman, John M. 
 
 LONDON BRITAIN. 
 
 I Yeatman, John C. 
 LONDONGROVB. 
 
 Harvey, Thomas M. 
 Jackson, Job H. 
 Kent, Samuel C. 
 Phillips, Joseph T. 
 Pyle, Joseph. 
 
 NEW GARDEN. 
 
 Michener, Ezra, M.D. 
 Richards, John. 
 Starr, Charles T. 
 Thompson, Benj., M.D. 
 
 NEWLIN. 
 
 I Lamborn, Richard J. 
 Young, George. 
 NEW LONDON. 
 
 Hodgson, R. H. 
 
 NORTH COVENTRY. 
 Pennypacker, Arnold. , 
 
 OXFORD. 
 
 I Dickey, Samuel. 
 
 PBNN. 
 
 Nelson, John D. 
 Powell, Lewis. 
 
 PENNSBURY. 
 
 Parker, William W. 
 Pyle, Job H. 
 Ring, Caleb B. 
 
 Brinton, Jos. H 
 
 Acker, Conrad. 
 Acker, Samuel. 
 Cornog, M. D. 
 
 Buckwalter, David 
 Evans, J. B. 
 Evans, Newton. 
 Fetters, A. 
 Keeley, Daniel. 
 
 THORNBURY. 
 
 I Hickman, Wellington. 
 
 TREDYFFRIN. 
 
 Jones, Franklin. 
 Peterson, Richard. 
 Steen, H. J. 
 
 UPPER UWCHLAN. 
 
 MoClure, Mrs. Henrietta. 
 McClure, Samuel. 
 Moore, Chas. C. 
 Moore, Thos. M. 
 Pinkerton, Geo. S. 
 Todd, John. 
 VALLEY AND COATESVILLE. 
 
 Baker, J. L. 
 Cowan, James. 
 Graham, H. 
 Greenwood, Samuel. 
 Harlan, A. D. 
 
 Hope, John S. 
 Huston, Chas. 
 Kenworthy, H. 
 Mendenhall, Wm. B. 
 Pennock, Chas. E. 
 
 WALLACE. 
 
 Patterson, John. 
 
 WARWICK. 
 Knauer, Davis. 
 
 WEST BRADFORD. 
 Chambers, M. B. I Marshall, Abraham. 
 
 March, George. I Marshall, Humphry. 
 
 Soattergood, Thomas P. 
 WEST BRANDYWINE. 
 
 Gray, Baldwin. | Mackelduff, S. C. 
 
 WEST OALN. 
 
 Lawrence, Samuel A. | Wagoner, John W. 
 
 WEST CHESTER. 
 Hartshorne, Joshua. I Taylor, Richard B. 
 
 Palmer, Rees. I Warrington, Curtis H. 
 
 WEST FALLOWFIELD. 
 
 Hurford, Maris. | McClellan, R. L. 
 
 WEST MARLBOROUGH. 
 
 Barnard, E. H. 
 Barnard, James. 
 Darlington, Milton. 
 Hoopes, Cyrus. 
 
 ButlerJ James. 
 
 Levis, C. G. 
 Pennock, Joseph. 
 Pennock, Levis B. 
 Pennock, Sarah P. 
 
 WEST NANTMEAL. 
 
 I Byler, Reuben. 
 Potts, J. D. 
 
224 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Faucett, George. 
 Nivin, J. W. 
 
 WESTTOWN. 
 
 Rhoads, George. 
 Strode, Oliver J. 
 
 WEST VINCENT. 
 Ralston, William. | Woodward, 0. L. 
 
 WEST WHITELAND. 
 Bull, Mrs. Sarah R. | Thomas, George. 
 
 WILLISTOWN. 
 
 Bishop, J. 
 Cox, Thomas S. 
 Evans, William. 
 
 Evans, David. 
 Johnson, John. 
 Smedley, R. B. 
 
 ELECTION DISTlilCTS. 
 
 In the early days of the province the annual general 
 elections for the whole county of Chester were held at the 
 court-house at Chester, on the Delaware River. As the 
 population increased, the throng of people attending be- 
 came great, and as the drinking of liquors was not prohib- 
 ited, scenes of disorder were often witnessed. 
 
 By act of Assembly in 1705 it was provided that two 
 judges and a number of inspectors and clerks should be 
 selected by the electors present, but what number of in- 
 spectors was not specified. Another act, of Aug: 27, 1727, 
 directed that four should be chosen for Chester County. 
 May 19, 1739,' an amendment was passed directing the 
 justices at the next Quarter Sessions to divide the county 
 into eight nearly equal districts. An election was to be 
 held in each township four days before the general election, 
 to select one person well acquainted with the estates and 
 circumstances of the inhabitants thereof, the names so 
 chosen in all the townships to be delivered to the sheriff, 
 who should by lot draw one name from each of the eight 
 districts to serve as inspectors at the general election. 
 
 In pursuance of this act Chester County was divided 
 thus: 
 
 Chester VUtrict. — Aston, Chichester, Chester, Middletown, Edge- 
 mont. 
 
 Crum CreeJc District. — Easttown, Radnor, Newtown, Upper Provi- 
 dence, and Lower Providence. 
 
 Darhy Greek Distriet. — Haverford, Marple, Springfleld, Darby, and 
 Eidley. 
 
 JSrandi/toine District. — East Bradford, West Bradford, Concord, 
 Birmingham, Thornbury, Bethel, and Newlin. 
 
 Pickering District. — Charlestown, Tredyffrin, Whiteland, Goshen, 
 Willistown, and Westtown. 
 
 Red Clay Greek District. — W. Marlborough, E. Marlborough, New 
 Garden, Ken net, Fallowfield, and Sadsbury. 
 
 Elk River District. — E. Nottingham, W. Nottingham, New London, 
 Londonderry, London Britain, Londongrove, and Oxford. 
 
 French Greek District — East Cain, West Cain, Nantmell, Coventry, 
 Vincent, TJwchlan, and Pikeland. 
 
 Electors in that day were required to own fifty acres of 
 land, well seated, and with twelve thereof cleared and im- 
 proved, or otherwise be worth fifty pounds in money. The 
 voting was done between the hours of nine and three, on the 
 1st of October. In 1766 the number of inspectors was in- 
 creased to one from each township, not less than four nor 
 more than six of whom were to be placed together at one 
 window, door, or other convenient place of the house where 
 the election should be held. These were to receive the 
 votes of the townships to which they belonged. A large 
 
 force of clerks was also required, as will be seen by the 
 following : 
 
 " Chester, «8..' Pay John Henry, William Haslett, Lewis Gro- 
 now, Richard Miles, Samuel Starr, Geo. Pierce, Enoch Taylor, John 
 Smith, Daniel Trimble, Charles Dilworth, James Walters, William 
 Dixon, Frederick Engle, Caleb Pierce, David Brown, James Mc- 
 Dowell, George Harris, and John Gardner the sum of five shillings 
 Each for their service as Clerks at the Election for the year 1775. 
 
 "T. Levis, 
 "David Boyd, William Evans. 
 "To John Bkinton, 
 
 ** Treasurer," 
 
 The inconvenience of having to go from the farthest 
 point in the county to vote, together with the confusion 
 incident to such a large gathering, made it desirable to 
 divide the county into election districts. This was essayed 
 in the Provincial Conference which met at Philadelphia, at 
 Carpenter's Hall, June 18 to 25, 1776. This Conference 
 resolved that a convention to frame a" new government was 
 necessary, and therefore proceeded to prescribe the time 
 and manner of electing delegates thereto. The election 
 was to be held on Monday, the 8th of July, at the following 
 places, viz. : 
 
 " For the city and county of Philadelphia, the counties of Backs, 
 Berks and Bedford, at the usual places of election. 
 
 " Chester county to be divided into three districts, that is to say : 
 
 " Chester, Upper Chichester, Lower Chichester, Bethel, Aston, 
 Concord, Middletown, Thornbury, Birmingham, Nether Providence, 
 Upper Providence, Ridley, Marple, Springfield, Darby, Haverford, ^ 
 Newtown, Edgemont, and Willistown being the first distriet, to be 
 held at Chester. 
 
 "The second district, London Grove, East and West Marlborough, 
 Kennet, Pennsbury, New Lynn, New Garden, London Britain, New 
 London, Londonderry, East and West Nottingham, Oxford, East Fal- 
 lowfield, West Fallowfield, Sadsbury, and West Cain, to be held at 
 Chatham, commonly called the Half-way House. 
 
 "The third distriet. East and West Whiteland, East and West 
 Bradford, Charlestown, Tredyffrin, Uwohland, Pikeland, Coventry, 
 East and West Nantmill, East Cain, East Town, West Town, Goshen, 
 Vincent, Radnor, to be held at the White Horse." 
 
 The convention furthermore nominated as judges of 
 election the following persons: at Chester, Hugh Lloyd, 
 Thomas Levis, Mark Wilcox ; at Chatham, John McKay, 
 Joseph Gardner, Thomas Welsh ; at White Horse, Richard 
 Thomas, Lewis Gronow, Thomas Bull. 
 
 In the year 1785, prior to the removal of the county- 
 seat to West Chester, the county was divided by act of 
 Assembly into four election districts, as follows : The First 
 District included all the townships in the present county of 
 Delaware, and the townships of Easttown, Birmingham, 
 and Thornbury, the two latter afterwards divided by the 
 new county line, the elections to be held at the court-house 
 at Chester ; the Second District included the townships of 
 Londongrove, East and West Marlborough, Kennet, Penns- 
 bury, New Garden, London Britain, New London, London- 
 derry, East and West Nottingham, Oxford, and West 
 Fallowfield, the elections to be held at Chatham, "formerly 
 called the Half-way House ;" the Third District included 
 the townships of West Whiteland, East and West Cain, 
 West Nantmeal, East and West Bradford, Newlin, East 
 Fallowfield, and Sadsbury, the elections to be held at the 
 sign of the " Pennsylvania Arms," at the house of John 
 Culbertson, Esq., in the township of East Cain ; and the 
 Fourth District was composed of the townships of Charles- 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 225 
 
 town, Tredjffiin, Uwclilan, Pikeland, Vincent, Coventry, 
 East Nantmoal, East Wbitoland, Goshen, Wcsttown, and 
 Willistown, the elections to be held at the Yellow Springs, 
 in Pikeland. The " Pennsylvania Anns" above referred 
 to was in what is now East Brandywino township, the 
 Brandywines having originally formed a part of East Cain. 
 
 This division of the county does not appear to have been 
 satisfactory, as on the 17th of September, 178G, an act of 
 Assembly was passed reciting that the former division was 
 found to be inconvenient, and redistricting the county in 
 the following manner : The First District to include the 
 townships of Goshen, East and West Bradford, Westtown, 
 Concord, Thornbury, Birmingham, Edgemont, Easttown, 
 Willistown, Bethel, Kennet, Pennsbury, Newlin, and East 
 Fallowfield, the elections to be held at the new court-house 
 in the township of Goshen. This was after or about the 
 time the county-seat was removed to near the Turk's Head 
 tavern, in Goshen township, and before the locality was dig- 
 nified with the name of West Chester. The Second Dis- 
 trict to include the townships of TredyfiFrin, East and West 
 Whiteland, East and West Cain, East and West Nantmeal, 
 Charlestown, Uwchlan, Pikeland, Vincent, and Coventry, 
 the elections to be held at the Red Lion, in Uwchlan ; the 
 third district to include the townships of Londongrove, 
 London Britain, Londonderry, New London, New Garden, 
 East and West Marlborough, East and West Nottingham, 
 Oxford, West Fallowfield, and Sadsbury, the elections to 
 be held at Chatham ; and the Fourth District comprised the 
 townships now belonging to Delaware County, except Con- 
 cord, Edgemont, Bethel, Birmingham, and Thornbury, the 
 elections to be held at the house of Mary Withy, in 
 Chester. 
 
 Delaware County was erected in the year 1789, and con- 
 - stituted one election district, and took off substantially the 
 above-mentioned Fourth District, and the townships in the 
 First District included in the new county, leaving Chester 
 County with three districts, each comprising twelve town- 
 ships, and voting respectively at West Chester, Red Lion, 
 and Chatham. These districts were numbered the First, 
 Second, and Third, but were more commonly known by the 
 names of their places of voting, as the West Chester, Red 
 Lion, and Chatham districts. 
 
 It will be observed that Chester County, after Delaware 
 County was struck off, contained thirty-six townships. 
 Some of these were, however, quite large, and have been 
 since divided and subdivided. The election districts thus 
 remained until 1797, when an act of Assembly was passed 
 forming the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Districts. 
 The Fourth District comprised West Cain, Sadsbury, East 
 Fallowfield, and West Fallowfield, the elections to be held 
 at the house of James Hollis, in East Fallowfield (now 
 Humphrey ville). The Fifth District comprised East Not- 
 tingham, West Nottingham, Upper Oxford, and Lower Ox- 
 ford, the elections to be held at the house of Samuel Hood, 
 on or near the line between the townships of Oxford and 
 Nottingham (now borough of Oxford) ; the Sixth District 
 comprised East Nantmeal, Coventry, and Vincent, the 
 elections to be held at the school-house near Pughtown ; 
 and the Seventh District comprised Charlestown (then in- 
 cluding Schuylkill), _Easttown, Tredyffiin, Willistown, and 
 29 
 
 East Whiteland, the elections to be held at the house of 
 Richard Robinson, in Tredyffrin township. 
 
 In 1798, Honeybrook, West Nantmeal (then including 
 Wallace), and Brandywine were constituted the Eighth Dis- 
 trict, the elections to be held at the stone school-house near 
 the Brandywine Manor meeting-house. 
 
 The grounds around the church were appropriated on 
 election days by sutlers, and as " Old Rye" was plentiful and 
 freely imbibed, patriotism became frequently demonstrative, 
 and good Democrats and Federalists alike were the cause of 
 scenes which ill comported with the surroundings. 
 
 The Ninth District, composed of the townships of Penns- 
 bury, Kennet, East Marlborough, and Newlin, was formed 
 in 1803, the elections to be held at the house of Joseph 
 Peirce, in East Marlborough, commonly known by the 
 name of the Red Lion tavern. 
 
 In 1804 all that part of West Cain that lay north of 
 what was called Culbertsoii's road, to where it intersects 
 the old Lancaster road, was annexed to the Plighth District ; 
 but the act was repealed the next year (1805), when Sads- 
 bury and West Cain were separated from the Fourth Dis- 
 trict and erected into the Tenth District, the elections 
 to be held at the house of John Sloan, then occupied by 
 John Jones, inn-keeper, in Sadsbury township. 
 
 In 1808, New London (then including Franklin) and 
 London Britain were erected iuto the Eleventh District, 
 the elections to be held at the house of John Menough, at 
 New London Cross-roads (now the village of New London). 
 This point was for a long time known in common parlance 
 throughout the county as the " Cross-roads.'' 
 
 In 1810, West Bradford and Newlin were constituted 
 the Twelfth District, the elections to be held at James 
 Chamberlain's, in Marshallton. In the same year the elec- 
 tions in the Fourth District, which had been reduced to 
 West Fallowfield and East Fallowfield, were directed to be 
 thereafter held at the house of John Black, commonly 
 known by the name of the Gum Tree tavern, and then 
 occupied by William Gilliland. 
 
 In 1814 the elections in the Eighth District, composed 
 of Honeybrook, West Nantmeal, and Brandywine, were 
 removed from the school-house at Brandywine Manor 
 church to the house occupied by Jacob Howcr, inn-keeper, 
 in Brandywine. 
 
 In 1818 all of East Nottingham lying south of what was 
 called the Nottingham road was attached to the New Lon- 
 don district for election purposes, and in the same year the 
 elections in the Sixth District, composed of East Nantmeal, 
 Coventry, and Vincent, which had been theretofore held at 
 the school-house near Pughtown, were removed to the 
 house of John Everhart, in Pughtown. 
 
 In 1820, East Cain and West Whiteland were formed 
 into the Thirteenth District, and the elections directed to 
 be held at the house of Jesse Evans, in Downingtown. In 
 the same year Penn township, which had been erected in 
 1817, was attached to the New London election district. 
 The next year (1821) West Whiteland was reattached to 
 the Second District, which held its elections at the Red 
 Lion (now Lionville). This district was then composed of 
 Uwchlan, Pikeland, and West Whiteland. The same year 
 (1821) Honeybrook was formed into the Fourteenth Dis- 
 
226 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLA^ANIA. 
 
 trict, and the elections directed to be held at the house of 
 Samuel Bear. 
 
 In 1822 five new election districts were formed, — the 
 Fifteenth, composed of Vincent and Pikcland, the elections 
 to be held at Frederick Sheeder's, in Vincent ; the Six- 
 teenth, composed of East Nantmeal (which then included 
 Warwick), the elections to be held at Warwick school- 
 house ; the Seventeenth, composed of East Fallowfield, the 
 elections to be held at the inn of Robert Young ; the 
 Eighteenth, composed of West Nantmeal (which then in- 
 cluded Wallace), the elections to be held at the house of 
 John Smith ; and the Nineteenth, composed of West Cain, 
 the elections to be held at the public-house of John Marsh. 
 In 1823 three new districts were formed, — the Twen- 
 tieth, composed of the township of Charlestown (which 
 then included Schuylkill), the elections to be held at the 
 house of Robert Boyle, inn-keeper; the Twenty-first, com- 
 posed of AVcsttown, Thornbury, and Birmingham, the 
 elections to be held at the public-house of Thomas Dar- 
 lington, at Darlington's Corner; and the Twenty-second, 
 composed of Upper Oxford, the elections to be held at the 
 liouse of Jacob Hopple. In the same year the elections 
 in West Fallowfield, which had become a separate district 
 in 1822 by the detaching of East Fallowfield, were re- 
 moved from the Gum Tree to the house of Samuel Futhey, 
 and that part of East Nottingham south of the Nottingham 
 road, which in 1818 had been attached to the New Lon- 
 don district for election purposes, was restored to the dis- 
 trict voting at Oxford. 
 
 In 182-± the law creating the district of Westtown, 
 Thornbury, and Birmingliam was repealed, and those town- 
 ships were restored to the West Chester district, from 
 which they had been taken ; but in 1825 they were again 
 constituted a separate district, and became the Twenty- 
 second, Upper Oxford being numbered the Twenty-first. 
 
 In 182C, Kennet township was separated from the Ninth 
 District, and became the Twenty-third, voting at the house 
 of Harlan Gause, in Kennet Square. 
 
 In 1825 the elections in Coventry were directed to be 
 liold at Jacob Ecker's school-house; in 1826 at the house 
 of Chestnut Patterson; in 1828 at the house of Matthias 
 Geist; and in 1829 at the house of Christian Funk. 
 
 In 1828 three new districts were formed, — the Twenty- 
 fourth, composed of New Garden, which was detached 
 from the Chatham district, the elections to be held at Jacob 
 Taylor's inn ; the Twenty-fifth, composed of Pikeland, 
 the elections to be held at the publio-houseof James Bones, 
 at the Yellow Springs; and the Twenty-sixth, composed of 
 Schuylkill, which had been formed a new township in 1826 
 by the division of Charlestown, the elections to be held at 
 the house of Abijah Stephens, soon afterwards of William 
 Dewees, sign of the " Bull." By the detaching of Pike- 
 land as a district from Vincent, the latter became also a 
 separate district, and the elections were directed to be held 
 at the house of Conrad Brodie, late Koely's. 
 
 In 1833, West Marlborough was detached from the 
 Chatham district and constituted the Twenty-seventh Dis- 
 trict, the elections to be held at the public-house of Hayes 
 Clark, at Doe Run. 
 
 In 1834, West Whiteland was created the Twenty- 
 
 eighth District, the elections to be held at the house of 
 George Boyer, at Oakland. This reduced the old Red 
 Lion district (which originally embraced the whole of the 
 northern part of Chester County) to one township, that 
 of Uwchlan, which remains the Second District. 
 
 In 1835 three new districts were formed, — the Twenty- 
 ninth, composed of West Nottingham, the elections to be 
 held at the house of Joseph Kirk ; the Thirtieth, com- 
 posed of Londonderry, the elections to be held at the house 
 of Jacob Reese ; and the Thirty-first, composed of the 
 township of West Vincent, the elections to be held at the 
 Birch Run school-house ; and the elections in East Vincent 
 were directed to be thereafter held at the house of George 
 Cliristman, Jr., on the Ridge road. 
 
 In 1836 the elections in West Nantmeal were removed 
 to the Indiantown school-house. 
 
 In 1838 two districts were created, — the Thirty-second, 
 composed of East Whiteland, the elections to be held at 
 the house known as the " General Wayne Inn," and the 
 Thirty-third, composed of the township of Penn, the elec- 
 tions to be held at the house of James M. Aitkens ; and the 
 elections in Kennet were directed to be thereafter held at, 
 the house of Harlan Gause, known as the " Columbian 
 Inn," in Kennet Square. 
 
 In 1839 three districts were created, — the Thirty-fourth, 
 composed of London Britain, the elections to be held at 
 the house of James Mackey ; the Thirty-fifth, composed 
 of Willistown, the elections to be held at the house of 
 John Kimes, in Sugartown ; and the Thirty-sixth, composed 
 of East Pikeland, the elections to be held at the " Boarding- 
 Scliool Inn," kept by Willis J. Murker, in Kimberton ; 
 West Pikeland to continue to vote at the Yellow Springs. 
 The elections in East Whiteland were directed to be held 
 at the White Horse. 
 
 The Ninth District, which, after the erection of Kennet 
 as a separate district, was composed of East JIarlborough, 
 Pennsbury, and Newlin, voting at the new Red Lion, was 
 in 1840 separated into three districts, — the Thirty-seventh, 
 composed of Pennsbury, the elections to be held at the 
 house of Joseph Lancaster, called " Pennsbury Inn ;" the 
 Thirty-eighth, composed of Newlin, the elections to be held 
 at the Brandywinc school-house ; and East Marlborough to 
 remain the Ninth District, the elections to be held at the 
 Union Hotel, in Unionville. Easttown and East Brad- 
 ford were also, in the same year (1840), made separate dis- 
 tricts, Easttown being constituted the Thirty-ninth, the 
 elections to be held at the house of Philip Kirk, sign of the 
 " Leopard," and East Bradford the Fortieth, the elections 
 to be held at the Black Horse tavern, on the Strasburg road. 
 The elections in Chariestown were also directed to be there- 
 after held at the school-house near Major Little's. 
 
 Birmingham was constituted the Forty-first District in 
 1841, the elections to be held at the " Dilworthtown Inn ;" 
 and in the same year the elections in Honeybrook were 
 removed to the Octagonal school-house, on the Downing- 
 town and Harrisburg turnpike-road. 
 
 In 1841 the township of Coventry was divided into 
 North Coventry and South Coventry, and in 1842 North 
 Coventry was constituted the Forty-second Election Dis- 
 trict, the elections to be held at the Halcyon school-house. 
 
I 
 
 It 
 k 
 
 I 
 
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS, ETC. 
 
 227 
 
 In 184:3 the elections in TredyflFrin township, which was 
 all that then remained of the old Paoli district, were re- 
 moved to the hotel at New Centreville. The elections in 
 West Nantnieal were also removed to the house occupied 
 by Rudolph Huzzard. In the same year the elections in 
 East Nantmeal were removed to the Union school house, 
 and Warwick township, erected the previous year by the 
 division of East Nantmeal, became the Forty-third Election 
 District. 
 
 In 1844 the township of Brandy wine was divided into 
 West Brandywlne and East Brandywine, and the elections 
 in East Brandywine, which became the Forty-fourth Dis- 
 trict, were directed to be held at the house of Levi Alison. 
 
 In the same year the township of North Coventry was 
 divided by the erection of East Coventry from its territory, 
 and E;ist Coventry became the Forty-fifth District. The 
 elections in North Coventry were removed to Scheetz's 
 school-house. The famous old Pughtown district, the Sixth, 
 became, by the formation of new districts, reduced to the 
 single small township of South Coventry. 
 
 Tlie elections in New London were in 1844 directed to 
 be thereafter held at the public-house of Benjamin Seal, 
 and in 1847 the place of holding elections in West Nant- 
 meal was again removed to Indiantown school-house. 
 
 In 1848 the following changes of place of holding elec- 
 tions took place : West Cain to Sandy Hill school-house. 
 West Nottingham to house of Lewis Melrath, and Penns- 
 bury to school-house No. 2. 
 
 In 1849 the borough of Phoenixville was erected, and 
 became the Forty-sixth Election District. In the same 
 year the place of holding elections in West Brandywine 
 was changed to the Union school-house. 
 
 Pocopson township was formed in 1849 from parts of 
 four adjoining townships, and in 1850 became the Forty- 
 seventh Election District, the elections to be held at the 
 house of Holton C. Yarnall, in Locust Grove. This, in 
 1852, was changed to the " Pocopson Inn." 
 
 In 1852, West Nantmeal township was divided by decree 
 of court, and the southern division thereof erected into a 
 new township, called Springton. The next year the 
 Legislature changed the name from Springton to Wallace, 
 which it has since borne. The' elections in West Nantmeal, 
 which remained the Eighteenth District, were directed to 
 be held at Allen's school-house, and the elections in Wal- 
 lace, which became the Forty-eighth District, at the Indian- 
 town school-house. 
 
 In the same year (1852) the township of New London 
 was divided, and the township of Franklin erected from its 
 eastern and southeastern part, and constituted the Forty- 
 ninth Election District, the elections to be held at the 
 house of Abitha Kimble, in the village of Kimbleville. 
 
 Valley township was formed from parts of Sadsbury, 
 East Cain, West Cain, and West Brandywine— the larger 
 part of its territory being taken from the first two town- 
 ships—in the year 1853, and the elections directed to be 
 held at the public school-house in Coatesville. It became 
 the Fiftieth District. 
 
 The township of West Fallowfield was divided in 1854, 
 and the eastern division called Highland. The elections 
 in West Fallowfield, which remained the Fourth District, 
 
 were directed to be held at the " Cochranville Inn," and in 
 Highland, which became the Fifty-first District, at the 
 house of Samuel Futhey, where the elections had thereto- 
 fore been held for the old township. In the same year the 
 elections in East Brandywine were directed to be held at 
 Guthrieville Hull, and the borough of Hopewell was made 
 the Fifty-second Election District. 
 
 In 1857, Elk township was constituted from the south- 
 western part of East Nottingham, and became the Fifty- 
 third District, the elections to be held at the house of John 
 D. Wherry. 
 
 In 1858, Uwchlan township was divided, and the north- 
 ern division called Upper Uwchlan, the elections to be held 
 at the house of Jacob Beerbower (Eagle Hotel). It be- 
 came the Fifty-fourth Election District. The lower divi- 
 sion retained the name of Uwchlan, and continued the 
 Second District, voting at the house of Cyrus Jacobs, in 
 Lionville. 
 
 In 1867 the borough of Springville was incorporated, 
 and became the Fifty-fifth Election District. Its name 
 was subsequently changed to Spring City. 
 
 In the same year the borough of Coatesville was incor- 
 porated from Valley township, and the elections in the said 
 township and borough were directed to be held at school- 
 house No. 7, in Coatesville, the former place of holding 
 the elections having been sold. 
 
 Cain township was erected in 1868 from parts of Valley 
 and East Cain, and became the Fifty-sixth District. 
 
 In 1871 the elections in Valley township were changed 
 from school-house No. 7, in Coatesville, to school-house No. 
 5, in Valley township. Coatesville retained the name of 
 the Fiftieth District, and Valley became the Fifty-seventh 
 District. 
 
 The borough of Parkesburg was incorporated in 1872, 
 and the borough of Atglen in 1875, both taken from Sads- 
 bury township, and they became respectively the Fifty- 
 eighth and Fifty-ninth Districts. 
 
 Sadsbury township was divided in 1878, and the western 
 division thereof, called West Sadsbury, became the Sixtieth 
 District. 
 
 POST-OFFICES. 
 
 The following is a list of the post-offices in Chester 
 County, arranged in the order of their establishment, giv- 
 ing the dates when established, names of first postmasters, 
 and noting the changes that have been made, and also 
 giving the names of some that have been discontinued. 
 
 In addition to the post-offices located within the limits 
 of the county, a list is given of offices outside but near to 
 its borders, at which residents of the county receive, or have 
 in the past received, their mail matter. 
 
 Names of Offices. Wlien SslaUished. First Postmasters. 
 
 1. Downingtowu Apiil 1,1798 Hunt Dmvning. 
 
 2 Gochrauville Jau- 1, 1803 James Hollis. 
 
 3 New Gai-deii Jan. 1, 1803 Gilbert I'l-itchard. 
 
 i. New Loudon Jan. 2, 1803 John W. Cunningham. 
 
 This .ofBce was first called " New London Cross-roads," and the name 
 changed to " New London," Oct. 27, 1847. 
 
 6 Chatham April 1, 1803 Eohert Miller. 
 
 6. Kenuet Square July 1,18U3 Bonjnmin Taylor. 
 
 7 West Chester Jan. 1, 1804 Cromwell Peaice. 
 
 8. Spread Eagle April 1,1804 John Leter. 
 
 9 White Horse Oct. 1, 1804 Edward Porter. 
 
 10 Oxford ...July 1, 1K05 David Dickey. 
 
 11 Marahanton Jply 1, 1S06 Abraham Bally. 
 
 12 Pughtown Jan. 1, 18O0 David Townsond. 
 
 13! Loudongrove Jan. 1, 1810. Leah Pusey. 
 
228 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Names of Q^cee. When FMaUUTied. First Postmaelers. 
 
 ]4. CoateBviile Apiil 1, 1812 Moses Coates. 
 
 16. JeniiDnille Dec, 22, 1814 Josiah Aiikriili. 
 
 This office Vas fii-st named and known as " Jennersville, or Londonderry." 
 The latter name was dropped piior to 1820, and " Jennerville" adopted. 
 
 16. Chester Springs Jan. 1, ISl-O Maxwell Kincaird. 
 
 Tliis office Wfis firet called "Yellow Springs." The name was changed to 
 
 "Chester Springs," April 5, 1827, and Henry Olwine appointed postmaster. 
 
 17. Black Horse Jan. 15, 1810 Wallace Boyd. 
 
 This office was first called " Black Horse Tavern," and the name changed to 
 " Black Horse," Nov. 19, 1818. It was discontinued July 21, 1853, and re-estah- 
 lished June2S, 1866. 
 
 18. Brandywine Manor Oct. 23, 1310 David Denny. 
 
 19. Frazer Dec. 22, 1819 Joseph rhilips. 
 
 This office was first called "East Whiteland," and the name changed to 
 "Frazer," Jan. 21, 1830, and Jacob T. Minster appointed postmaster. It was 
 first located at what was known as the " Steamboat," on the Lancaster turnpike, 
 but in August, ISOl, it was removed to its present location at Fiazer Station on 
 the Pennsylvania Bailroad. 
 
 20. Kimbertou .Tan. 1.5, 1820 Emmor Kimber. 
 
 21. Valley Forge Jan. 16, ll<2(l John Workizer. 
 
 22. Berwyu Jan. 18, 1820 Chalkley A. Jarrett. 
 
 This office was first called " Reesevillc," and that continued to be the name 
 
 until Oct. 24, 1877, when it was changed to " Berwyn," and Isaac A. Cleaver ap- 
 pointed postmaster. 
 
 23. Unionville Dec. 6,1820 William Sharpe. 
 
 24. WaiTen Tavern Dec. 7, 1820 Charles Fahuestock. 
 
 2.5. Vincent Feb. 13, 1821 Peter Miller. 
 
 26. Dilworthtowu March SO, 1822 .William Speakman. 
 
 27. Mount Vernon March 1, 182:i Joseph Dickey. 
 
 28. EuBsellville March 15, 1823 Jacob Hopple. 
 
 29. Gum Tree Apiil 21, 1823 Samuel McCann. 
 
 This office was first called " ClinganV," but changed to "Gum Tree," June 
 
 30, 1834, and Stephen B. Cochran appointed postmaster. 
 
 30. Kemblesville Aug. 16, 1823 George KemMe. 
 
 31. McWilliamstown Jan. 26, 1824 John T. Walton. 
 
 The name of this office was changed to " Youngsburg," Aug. 2, 1845, and 
 changed back to "McWilliamstown," Dec. 30, 1847, and is now discontinued. 
 
 32. Warwick Feb. 7, 1824 Lewis Evans. 
 
 This office was first established at " St. Mary's," and so called until July 23, 
 1868, when the name was changed to "Warwick." 
 3.3. Uwchlan March 11, 1826' Isaac Evans. 
 
 34. Sadsburyville April 22, 1825 lohn Keitdig. 
 
 35. Stricllersville May 23,1826 John M. Ilarman. 
 
 36. Goshenville Nov. 4, 182,5 A. S. Williams. 
 
 37. West Whiteland April 4, 1826 Levi Evans. 
 
 The name of this office was chauged to " Belvidere," July 14, 1843, and on 
 March 11, 1860, changed back to "West Whiteland." 
 
 38. Lionville May 26, 1826 William Rogera. 
 
 39. West Vincent May 26, 182B Samuel Kirk. 
 
 This office was first called "East Nantmeal." The name was changed to 
 "West Vincent," March 25, 1843, and David West appointed postmaster, and 
 changed back again to "East Nantmeal," April 22, 1843, and James Leighton 
 appointed postmaster, and back to " West Vincent," April 7, 184C, and Jacob 
 Ludwick appointed postmaster. 
 
 40. Paoli .-. Dec. 9, 1826 Joshua Evans. 
 
 41. Schuylkill Dec, 31, 1826 Thomas Matlack. 
 
 42. Doe Kun Feb. 27, 1827 IJaycs Clark. 
 
 43. Honeybrook March 7, 1827 John Lewis. 
 
 44. Setzler's Store Doc. 31, 1827 Frederick Setzlor. 
 
 45. Paikeisville J,an. 1, 1828 Joliu Paiker, Jr. 
 
 40. Wagoutowu Jan. :10, 1828 Joseph Hughs. 
 
 47. Marsh March 26, 1828 Watters De'weeB. 
 
 This office was discontinued Nov. 12, 1851, and re-established April 22, 1804. 
 
 48. West Grove June 23, 1828 James Kelton. 
 
 The name of this office was clianged to "West Grove Station," March 12, 
 1804, and back to " West Grove," Jan. 26, 1877. 
 
 49. Phojnixville July 22,1828 Lewis W. Eicliards. 
 
 60. Loag Nov, 26, 1828 Samuel B. Williams. 
 
 61. Avoudale Dec. 29, 1828 Jacob Liiidloy 
 
 52. Atglen Jan. 21, 1830 Isaac G.Israel. 
 
 This office was first called "Israel's Mills," and retained that name until 
 March 15, 1842, when it was chauged to " Penningtonville," and that was 
 changed to " Atglen," Fob. 2, 1870. 
 
 63. Parkesburg April 14, 1830 Nathan Frame. 
 
 The first name of this office was " Fountain Inn," whicli it retained until 
 May 3, 1836, when it was changed to " Parkesburg," and Jacob Taylor appointed 
 postmaster. 
 
 ,54. Embreeville May 11, 1830 William Imbreo. 
 
 66. SwanlSadsbury township),,., May 7, 1830 James Dickinson. 
 
 This office was discontinued July 24, 1843, 
 
 56. Hopewell Cotton-Works Aug. 20, 1830 Samuel J. Dickey. 
 
 57. Guthrieville Jan. 7, 1S31 lames B, Gulhiio 
 
 68, Hamorton Jan. 7, 1S31 Abraham ilnmor, 
 
 59. Thornbury Mulch 12, 1831 Thomas W. Stephens 
 
 60. Sngartown Oct. 6, 1831 Joseph 11. Pratt. 
 
 This oiEce was first culled "Williston," and the name changed to "Sugar- 
 town," July 7, 1835. 
 
 61. Rockville Jan. IS, 1832 .Jacob Happersett. 
 
 62. Pickering Dec. 28, 1833 Kobert Hughes. 
 
 63. Cain Dec. 17, 1S36 Isaac C. Preston. 
 
 This otHcc was discontinued Feb. 23, 1842, and re-established Nov. 8, 1849. 
 
 64. Steeloville Feb. 1, 1841 Thomas Woods. 
 
 66. Fremont March 21, 1841 Amor Carter. 
 
 This otHce was fli-st called " Fountain Green," and the name changed to 
 "Fremont," Aug. 10, 1801, ami Isaac S. Kirk then appointed postmaster. 
 
 Names of OJJices. WJien Estahlislied. First Postmasters. 
 
 66. Wallace Oct. 28, 1843 George Sliteler. 
 
 67. Londonderry .Tan. 5, ,1848 William Fox. 
 
 68. Lewisville Feb. 7,1848 James li. McDowell. 
 
 69. Laudenborg Nov. 17, 1848 Jacob Hobsoii. 
 
 This office was first established as " Chandlerville," and the name changed 
 to " Landenburg," Sept. 20, 1869. 
 
 70. Chesterville Nov. 30,1848 Milton Shortlidge. 
 
 71. Fairville March 20, 1849 Jolm B. Leonard. 
 
 72. Milltown Sept. 23, 1849 Jesse Matlack. 
 
 73. Collamer Oct. 11, 1849 Thomas Baker. 
 
 74. Elk Dale Nov, 8,1849 Samuel Hughes. 
 
 This office has recently been discontinued. 
 
 7,5. Blno Rock Dec. 17,1849 Cliarles Kettew. 
 
 76. Ercildoun Feb, 12, 18.50 Giileon Peirre. 
 
 77. Marlborough April 1.5, 1850 Bayard Niilds. 
 
 78. Hickory Hill June 18, 1850 Wm. C. Shuler. 
 
 79. riayesville July 8,1860 James Hayes. 
 
 This office was recently discontinued, and again established as "Town- 
 send." 
 :80. St. Peter's Feb. 19, 1851 .Toseph Millard. 
 
 81. Nottingham Aug. 7, 1851 Daniel Stubbs. 
 
 This office was first established as "Fountain Mills," and the name changed 
 to " Nottingham," July 14, 1863. 
 
 82. Mortonville Feb. 6, 18.i2 Crnsby P. Morton. 
 
 83. Forestville May 18, 1852 Thomas W. Harlan. 
 
 Discontinued June 4, 1869. 
 
 84. Waterloo Mills Jan. 1, 1853..'. William Steele. 
 
 Discontinued Sept. 26, 1867. 
 
 86. Willistown Ion June 7,1864 Samuel Sinquet. 
 
 86. Tlmrndale Iron-Works June 21, 1854 David U. Baugh. 
 
 87. East Nantmeal Feb. 6, 1856 Jesse Ramstin'e 
 
 This office was discontinued April 4, 1806, and re-established July 10, 1874. 
 
 88. New Centreville April 2, 18.57 Evans Kendall. 
 
 89. Chester Valley April 26, 18.57 Canliy Smith. 
 
 90. Talbotville June 19, 1857 Thomas It. Jones. 
 
 This office was discontinued Jan. 27, 1876. 
 
 91. Glen Eoy Sept. 28, 1857 .lesse B. Kirk. 
 
 92. Wcsltown March 4, 18-59 Maishall A, Taylor. 
 
 This office was fii-st called " Street Road," and retained that name uulil 1880, 
 
 when it was changed to '* Westtown." 
 
 93. Elk View May 30,1801 Joseph Hodgson. 
 
 94. Extoii Sept. 4,1861 James Beale. 
 
 96. Spiing City Sept. 29, 1864 David S. Taylor. 
 
 96. Ponieroy Oct. 13, 1804. 
 
 This office was first called " Buck Bun," and the name changed to "Ponie- 
 roy," Jan. 17, 1866. 
 
 97. Leopard April 2, 1866 John W. Havmnn. 
 
 98. Birch Runville June 10, 1F68 Thomas B. Dewces. 
 
 99. Toughkenanion Dec. 8, 1868 William Fnotc, Jr. 
 
 100. Kaolin Dec. 8, 1868 William Foote, Jr. 
 
 101. Glenloch May 17, 1869 Mrs. Jane WaMroii. 
 
 This office took the place of " Frazer," which was removed to another loca- 
 tion. (See " Frazer.") 
 
 102. Wild Briar May 21,1869 Levi Allison. 
 
 103. Pawling May 21,1869 M. J. Kamsev. 
 
 104. Wlllowdale May 21,1869 loseph S. i'yle. 
 
 106. Valley Creek May 21, 1809 B. F. Stroud. 
 
 This office was discontinued Jan. 18, 1871. 
 
 106. Lincoln University July 6,1869 George Rigdon. 
 
 107. Glen Moore Aug. 21, 1809 Jacob S. Kigg. 
 
 This office was first called " Norwood," and the name changed to " Glen 
 Moore," July 17, 1874. 
 
 108. Barneston Oct. 21,1869 David Longacre. 
 
 109. Cupola Oct. 21, 1869 Thomas R. Jones, 
 
 110. East Coventry Oct. 22,1869 Peter D. Pirches. 
 
 111. Elk Mills Oct, 22, 1809 loseph R, Brown. 
 
 112. Milford Mills Oct. 22, 1809 Evan B. Evans. 
 
 113. Dorian's Mills Jan,-2I, 1X70 Thomas J. Dorian. 
 
 114. Lenapo Jan. 21,1870 John P. Sager. 
 
 115. Chrome April 29, 1870 John T. Williamson. 
 
 110. Pocojison. 
 
 This office was originally established, as "Painter's Bridge," on Dec. 19, 
 1870, and the name changed to " Pocopson" on Sept. 2, 1880. 
 
 117. Nortbbrook Jan. 27, 1871 R. H. Marshall. 
 
 ™- Siplee Jan. 27, 1871 Horatio J. Suplue. 
 
 110. Norway... Jan. 31, 1871 ...E. B. Darlinglon. 
 
 120. Martin's Corner Feb. 24, 1871 Ziha C. Wollart.ui. 
 
 121, Glen Hall April 10,1871 William H, Hall. 
 
 \'-.t; ?"'",'; -^I"'' lO' l"^' K"l'"t C, Kelton. 
 
 Vii Isabella April 13, 1S71 Samuel W. Long. 
 
 124. Cambria Station June 14, 1872 John Oberlioltzer. 
 
 I2o. \\ est Pi k eland luly 20, 1872 John S. Hines. 
 
 126. Roseirvick July 26, 1872 John C. Ferron. 
 
 };'■ J,'"''""'-;-V,-.V,- *•'"'<='' -^' 1»" Rob"' B. Daniels. 
 
 i^o- ^*,','""^',' ^'""8^ *"''• '*' 1"8 Davis K. Loomis. 
 
 12U. Valley Glen Aug. 15,1876 Prank C. Hootou. 
 
 This office was discontinued Feb. 14, 1878. 
 
 130. Malvern Dec. 8, 1870 Lewis K. Reeves. 
 
 131. Ceilarville March 26, 1878 D. M. Shaner. 
 
 This olBco was originally called "North Coventry," which wua established 
 April 6, 1870. 
 
 ]■»■ (vfn."KVn T"''- "' ^"^ John I- Smedlev. 
 
 ■ ' ■ M «i ' •'""° "*' '*'"' i^ebnlon W. Davis. 
 
 ],!4. Maple Shade Sept. 24, 1879 Samuel Reese. 
 
 This office was discontinued April 19, 1880. 
 
 II' l«r,','"'"' •I'""' 2*' '^*" iLewis L. Bachman. 
 
 ^•^^- ^^'"' •J""e 22, 1880 ......James W.Keim. 
 
 The name of this office was first spelled "Suawn," but changed to "Swan," 
 July 20, 1880. 
 
 137. Lyndell.. 
 
 Aug. 30, 1880 James Rca. 
 
SOCIETY OF FKIENDS. 
 
 2:9 
 
 Karnes of Q§ic€9. When Estahlished. First Postmasters. 
 
 1S8. BimmusviUo Oct. 25, 1880 ....T. W. Baldwin. 
 
 ]:i9. Cloud .Tan. 21), 1881 Tluimns H, Sniedley. 
 
 140. TowLSend Feb. 18,1881 Ut-nry Powloy. 
 
 This office takes the jilace of tlint formerly known as " UayesviUe." 
 
 141. Mendenhall March 14, 1881 Geo. M. Thomson. 
 
 142. Matthews March 2."t, 1881 Jiinii'S Lumis. 
 
 143. Talcose June, 1881 W. Cunningham. 
 
 This office takes the place of Valley Glen. 
 
 Post-oflSces outside of Chester County, at -which resi- 
 dents of the county receive their mail : 
 
 IN LANCASTER COUNTY. 
 
 1. Cains July 5, 1828 John Cain. 
 
 2". Octorara July 19, 1833 Benjannn Kent. 
 
 This office was established as "Andrew's Bridge," and the name changed to 
 " Octorara," Teh. 25, 1850. 
 
 3. Christiana Aug. 8, 18-19 Frederick Zarraclior. 
 
 4. Canibiidge Jan. 30, 1851 John \V. Iiwin. 
 
 IN MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 
 
 1. Pnttstown March 11, 1821 Jesse Thomas. 
 
 2. Kint: of Prussia. 
 
 3. Koyer's Ford March 25,1844 David Gow. 
 
 4. Limerick Station. 
 
 Previous to April, 1SG6, this office was called " Limerick Bridge." 
 
 IN DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 1. Edgomont Feb. 2fi, 1823 Lmvis Vordries. 
 
 2. Chads' Ford Ian. 21, 184.J Isaac Watkins. 
 
 3! Cheyney Feb. 23,1869 Chailra U. Chuyney. 
 
 IN NEW CASTLE COUNTY, DELAWARE. 
 
 1. Newark June 1,1808 John Macbeth. 
 
 2. Centreline Dec. 8, 1827 Kzekiel Baily. 
 
 3. McClellandsville Feb. 19, 1853 Wm. Crunipton. 
 
 4. lIoi'kpBBln Deo. 26, ISGl) Jane J.Giiffltli. 
 
 6. Yorklyi Jnno 13,1873 Wm. S. Moore. 
 
 IN CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND. 
 
 1. Brick Meeting-house Jan. 1, 1803 Ellis Cbandlee. 
 
 2. liiaing Sun Jan. 1, 1803 David Cummings. 
 
 LIST OP POSTMASTERS OF TUB POST-OFFICE AT WEST 
 CHESTER, WITH THE DATES OP THEIR APPOINT- 
 MENT. 
 
 Cromwell Pearce, Jan. 1, 1804; Job B. Eemington, Jan. 1, 1811; .Joseph 
 Pearce, Feb. 29, 1812; JoliTi W. Townsend, June 4, 1814; Jesse Kersey, Feb. 23, 
 1827; John \V. Townsend, Feb. 2S, 1828; John Newlin, Feb. 9, 1820; Edward 
 S. Price, Jan. 15, 1833; Samuel C. Jcfferis, Feb. 19, 1841 ; Hickman James, Juno 
 6, 1841 ; Jiihn McGinley, May 10, 1843; George M. Yard, Nov. 13, 1846; James 
 Bayard Wood, May 2, 1840: William A. Moore, May 23, 1863; Gibbons Gray, 
 June 3, 1868; Dr. Franklin Taylor, May 11, lf61 ; Maj. William B. Darlington, 
 June 3, 18G6; George A. Mercer, Jan. 31, 1877. 
 
 The postmasters of West Chester were appointed by the 
 Postmaster-General until 1849, since which time they have 
 been appointed by the President. J. B. Wood was the 
 first Presidential appointment. 
 
 RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 
 
 This sect arose in England about the middle of the 
 seventeenth century, George Fox, their acknowledged 
 founder, having been born in 1624. The name of Quakers 
 was given to them in derision, and they are perhaps as well 
 known by that term to this day as by that of Friends. 
 They even accepted it themselves so fiir as to style them- 
 selves "the people called Quakers" in all official documents 
 published to the world at large. The early form of marriage 
 certificates contained the expression "the people of God 
 called Quakers," but in 1734 the Yearly Meeting of 
 Pennsylvania and New Jersey agreed " that y= words of 
 God in marriage certificates between People and Called 
 Quakers be left out of that form for the future." In 
 1806 the expression was changed to the " Religious Soci- 
 ety of Friends." 
 
 There have been schisms and divisions in this society as 
 well as in others, the most important of which occurred in 
 1827, since which one body has been styled " Orthodox" 
 and the other " Hicksite" Friends or Quakers. The last 
 were so called from Elias Hicks, a leading minister among 
 them. Neither body claims the distinctive title applied to 
 it, but simply that of " Friends." 
 
 The organization and subordination of the meetings of 
 Friends are as follows : 
 
 One or more meetings for worship constitute a Prepara- 
 tive Meeting. 
 
 One or more Preparative Meetings constitute a Monthly 
 Meetina;. 
 
 Several Monthly Meetings constitute a Quarterly Meeting. 
 
 Several Quarterly Meetings constitute a Yearly Meeting. 
 
 Meetings of any kind are established as an outgrowth 
 and by the authority of a superior meeting. The Monthly 
 Meetings are the principal executive branch of the society, 
 and keep regular and voluminous minutes of their proceed- 
 ings. To trace the history of the meetings in Chester 
 County it is necessary to go back to the first settlement of 
 the province, and in some cases outside of our present State 
 limits. All our meetings except one belong to Philadel- 
 phia Yearly Meeting, but some others will be mentioned. 
 The following is given as a synopsis of meetings : 
 
 PHILADELPHIA QUARTERLY MEETING, 1682. 
 
 KADNOE OB HAVEKFORD MONTHLY MEETING, 1084. 
 
 Haverford, 1683. 
 Radnor, 1686. 
 Valley, 1714. 
 
 CHESTER (NOW CONCORD) QUARTERLY MEETING, 168.3. 
 
 CHESTUB MONTHLY MEETING, 1681. 
 
 Chester, 1675. 
 Springfield, 1686. 
 Providence, 1696. 
 Middlotown, 1686. 
 
 DAEBY MONTHLY MEETING, 1084. 
 Darby, .1 683 (?). 
 
 CONCOED MONTHLY MEETING, 1084. 
 Chichester, 1683. 
 Concord, 1636. 
 
230 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTy, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 GOSHEST MONTHLY MEETING, 1722. 
 Goshen, 1702. 
 I Newtown, 1696. 
 
 Willistown, ir§4. 
 Whiteland, 1816. 
 Malvern, 1880 (0.). 
 
 BIRMINGHAM MONTHLY MEETING, 1815. 
 Birmingham, 1690. 
 Westchester, 1810. 
 
 AVESTERN QUARTERLY MEETING, 17S8. 
 NEWARK (NOW KENNBT) MONTHLY MEETING, IG80. 
 New Cnstle, 1684. 
 Newark, 1686. 
 Kennet, 1707. 
 Wilmington, \1%1. 
 Marlborough, 1801. 
 Kennet Square, 1812. 
 Unionville, 18+5 (H.). 
 
 NEW GARDEN MONTHLY MEETING, 1718. 
 Now Garden, 1712. 
 West Grove, 1787. 
 London Britain, 1834 (0.). 
 Mill Creek, 1838 (H.). 
 
 LONDONGROVE MONTHLY MEETING, 1792. 
 Londongrove, 1714. 
 Fallowfield, 1792. 
 
 PALLOWFIELD MONTHLY MEETING, 1811. 
 Fallowfield, 1792. 
 Doe Run, 1805. 
 
 PENNSGROVB MONTHLY MEETING, 1842. 
 Pennsgrove, 1820. 
 Oxford, 1879 (H.). 
 Homeville, 1839 (H.). 
 
 CENTRE MONTHLY MEETING, 1808. 
 Centre, 1687. 
 Hockessin, 1730. 
 
 CALN QUARTERLY MEETING, 1800. 
 BRADFOKD MONTHLY MEETING, 1737. 
 Bradford, 1719. 
 Cain, 1716. 
 West Cain, 1756. 
 Romansville, 1846 (H.). 
 
 SADSBURY MONTHLY MEETING, 1738. 
 Sadsbury, 1723. 
 E. Sadsbury, 1810. 
 Lampeter, 1732. 
 
 UWOHLAN MONTHLY MEETING, 1703. 
 Uwchlan, 1712. 
 Nantmeal, 1739. 
 Pikelnnd, 1758. 
 Downingtown, 1784. 
 
 BALTIMORE YEAELY MEETING. 
 
 NOTTINGHAM QUARTERLY MEETING, 1819. 
 
 NOTTINGHAM MONTHLY MEETING, 17.30. 
 
 B. Nottingham, 1705. 
 
 W. Nottingham, 1719. 
 
 Elk, 1825. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA YEARLY MEETING, 
 as it is now styled, was established in 1681. It was 
 formerly the " Yearly Meeting for Pennsylvania and New 
 Jersey," and was held alternately at Burlington and Phila- 
 delphia until 1760. 
 
 CHESTER MEETING. 
 Robert Wade settled at Upland in 1675, and in that 
 year William Edmundson, a traveling minister, held a 
 
 meeting there. A meeting was probably held regularly 
 after 1677, by which time several other Friends had ar- 
 rived in the neighborhood. 
 
 As the early history of our county is closely connected 
 with the history of this meeting, some further notes will 
 be given from the records. 
 
 CHESTER MONTHLY MEETING. 
 
 A session of Burlington Monthly Meeting was " held at 
 Upland, in the house of Robert Wade, the 15th of the 9th 
 month, 1681," but the first meeting of the kind, held by 
 Friends of the Western Shore alone, is set forth in the fol- 
 lowing minutes : 
 
 "the 10 day of ye 11 month, 1681. 
 
 " A monthly meeting of frends belonging to marcus hooke & vpland 
 held then at Robert Wad's house." 
 "the 14 day of y= 12 month, 1681. 
 "A monthly meeting heeld by frends at marcus hooke." 
 
 No other meeting mentioned until 
 
 " the 9th day of y« 3d mo. 1682. 
 
 " A monthly meeting held then by freends belonging to marcus 
 hooke & vpland at Robert Wad's house.'' 
 
 No business appears to haye been transacted up to this 
 time. The next date is 
 
 " the 3 Jay of y= 6th month 168?. 
 
 " A monthly meeting held then by frends belonging to marcus 
 hooke alis Chechester & vpland and y^ adioyning Inhabetants, at 
 Robert Wad's house. 
 
 " At this meeting William Clayton juner and elczebeth bezor, both 
 living at Chechester have declared their Intentions of marriage : & 
 its ordered by the meeting that morgan druet k Robert Wade doe 
 make enquirey eonserning them & give it in to y^ next monthly 
 meeting." 
 
 " At the monthly meeting at vpland the 11th 7 mo. 1682. 
 
 " Large paper booke, unruled, being <itt for the servise of monthly 
 and quarterly meetings is to be procured against the next monthly 
 meeting, &, Robt. Wade is desired to get the said booke." 
 
 It was then agreed and ordered for . . . 
 
 "The monthly meetings for men & women to be the first second 
 day of the week in every month at Robt. Wade's house. 
 
 " Wm. Clayton & Elizabeth Bezor did again present their former 
 intentions of marriage, but friends findeing that her parents were 
 absent and had not their consent for sijch proceedings, nor certificate 
 of her clearness from other men, did advise these parties to waite 
 further until! all things be cleared acoqfding to the practise of friends 
 and good order of truth." 
 
 The following are the headings of the monthly minutes 
 succeeding the above : 
 
 "At the men's meeting at Upland the: 2: day of the 8 : month : 
 82." "At the men's meeting at Vpland the 6th of 9 mo. 82." "At 
 our men and women's meeting at Chester the: 1: of: 11 month: 
 82." 
 
 These entries are from the original minutes, and not 
 from the inaccurate copy made by Thomas Chalkley about 
 the year 1711, in which he gave the word Chester instead 
 of Upland, besides many other changes.* 
 
 At the first Quarterly Meeting held at Chester, 12th 
 month 4, 1683-4, it was again "ordered y' Chester 
 Monethly meateing be held on y" first second Day of Eaverey 
 Moneth." In 1695 the time was changed to one week 
 earlier. 
 
 » The old book appears to bear this inscription, though very dim 
 with age : " The Register Booke belonging to Marcus hook and Up- 
 land Meeting, j" 3d of j« 6 mon"" 1681." 
 
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 
 
 231 
 
 The nieetinp; was for souie time held at Chester, perhaps 
 at Robert Wade's house ; but at a meeting held 12th month 
 7, 1G86, it was "ordcr'd y'y° monthly meeting from hence 
 forth be kept at Walter fosett's house untell farther order." 
 Thus it continued until 1693, when itbeganto circulate at the 
 houses of John Simcock, in Ridley, Robert Vernon, Thomas 
 and Randall Vernon, John Edge, George Maris, Caleb 
 Pusey, Joseph Stedman, and Bartholomew Coppock. After 
 1700 it circulated more at the meetinghouses, finally be- 
 coming settled at Providence. 
 
 At a Quarterly Meeting held 6th month 1, 1687, it was 
 " Agreed that there be a monthly meeting keept up in the 
 woods for the service of ifriends & truth, in those partes, as 
 Newtown, Marple, Springfield, over Providence, Middle- 
 towne, & Edgment." It does not appear, however, that any 
 such meeting was kept up as distinct from Chester Monthly 
 Meeting. 
 
 Friends of Aston belonged at first to Chester Monthly 
 Meeting, but in 1696 were allowed to join with Chichester 
 and Concord Monthly Meeting. 
 
 In 1721 the number of meetings had increased to seven, 
 viz. : Chester, Springfield, Providen'be, Middletown, Goshen, 
 Newtown, and Uwchlan, which met together for the last 
 time 12th month 26, 1721, after which the last three held 
 a separate Monthly Meeting. 
 At a Monthly Meeting held 11th of 7th month, 1682 : 
 
 "It was then agreed y' a meeting shall be held for y^ service & 
 worship of god every first day at y" court house at Vpland. 
 
 "And also agreed that there be three meetings in the week time; 
 the westerne part to meet at Chichester the 5th day of the week, and 
 the middle meeting at Harold at Wm. Woodmansons, the'4th day of 
 the week, and the Eastern meeting at Ridley, at John Simoocks, the 
 5th day of the week, untill otherwise ordered." 
 
 It seems evident that all were to meet together on First 
 days at Upland. 
 
 A place of burial was among the early necessities of the 
 settlers, and accordingly wc find that at a meeting held at 
 Chester, 1st of 11th month 1682, it was agreed 
 
 " that Tho. Cobern & Randel Varnam & Will. Cleton [Clayton] doe 
 see and vew that plase which is ordered for the buriall plasc, and to 
 see what wil be the lastingest fence and that which will endure, and 
 to see whether theire be stone to make wales, and to bring it to the" 
 ne.tt monthly meeting, or to aquint frends betwixt an then if they 
 shall find it needful to set men about it." 
 
 Again, 12 mo. 5, 1682, "it was ordered y« John Hastings Richard 
 flew & Thomas Colborn doe veiw y« Buriall place to oonsidder w' 
 quantity may be meet; alsoe how it may be best fensed about." 
 
 The matter not being yet accomplished, at a meeting at 
 Robert Wade's house, 4th month 11, 1683, 
 
 "it was agreed that Thomas Brassie, Robert Wade, John Hastings 
 Thomas Colborn & Randle Vernun doe veiw & looke out a piece of 
 Land for a Buriall, & bring in their acoompt thereof at }" next 
 months meeting." 
 
 At a meeting held 9lh month 5, 1683, it was " ordered y' 
 Jo. Hastings & Tho. Vernon doe fence the Buriall ground 
 about, assone as may be." 
 
 i mo. 6, 1687.— " Agreed that Bartholomew Coppock, James Kcn- 
 erly, Randall Vernon & Caleb Pusey do agree A contract with such 
 workmen or workman as they shall see meet to build a meeting 
 house att Chester 24 foot square & 10 foot high in j" walls & y' y» 
 abovcsa id persons do come themselves & the said workmen they agree 
 & give an account thereof to y= next monthly meeting." 
 
 10th month 5th, 1687, the " ffeofecs chosen in trust fory° 
 purchased land & meetinghouse at Chester" were John Sim- 
 cock, John Bristow, Joshua Hastings, Thomas Brassie, 
 Thomas Vernon, Randall Vernon, Caleb Pusey, Edward 
 Carter, Walter Faucet, Mordecai Maddock, Richard Few, 
 and Thomas Martin. To these persons Urin Keen (Joran 
 Kyn) conveyed, by deed dated the 1st of 1st month fol- 
 lowing, a lot of ground in Chester, " To the use & behoof 
 of the s'* Chester meeting of the people of God called 
 Quakers," for and in consideration of £10 current money 
 of Pennsylvania. 
 
 On the 13th of 8th month, 1690, the following persons 
 wore appointed to receive subsciiptions towards building a 
 meeting-house in Chester : for Upper Providence, Randall 
 Malin ; for Middletown, John Worrall and David Ojjden ; 
 for Edgemont, Thomas Worrilow and James Swafier; for 
 Springfield, George Maris the younger and Mordecai 
 Maddock ; for Marple, Thomas Pearson and Josiah Taylor. 
 
 2 mo. 6, 1691. — "Its agreed by this meeting that John Bristow and 
 Caleb Pusey do forthwith agree with & Imploy workmen in the build- 
 ing y" meeting-house at Chester with stone on the place y' was for- 
 merly bought for that purpose, the situateing of which, as allso y" 
 manner of Building tho same is left to their discretion : And that this 
 meeting do defray the charge of the same so that it exceed not one 
 hundred pounds, and that there be one convenient chimney, at least, 
 and that the si* John Bristow & Caleb Pusey do give account of what 
 they have done at y" next months meeting." 
 
 1st month 5, 1693-4, John Simcock, Randall Vernon, 
 Walter Faucet, Robert Barber, and Robert Carter were 
 appointed to meet with John Bristow and Caleb Pusey to 
 examine their accounts, " and also to receive y" Deed of y° 
 Land the s* house stands upon." 
 
 At a Quarterly Meeting, 12th month 1, 1G9G, it was re- 
 quested 
 
 " that the weekly 5th days meeting at Ridley bo kept the last 5th 
 day in each month at Chester, which this meeting consents unto." 
 
 3 mo. 2, 1698. — " Chester .ffriends desiering the weekly meeting to 
 be at Randall Vernons the second 5th day of each month, this meet- 
 ing doth allow it. 
 
 " It's also agreed that the meeting at Thomas Minshalls do joyne 
 with them that day." 
 
 3 mo. 3, 1703. — " Ordered by this meeting that Chester week days 
 meeting be at Randall Vernon's every first fifth day in each month, 
 A tho other days at Chester Xowne." 
 
 3 mo. 6, 1706. — "Chester months meeting moveing that whereas 
 their weekly fifth-days meeting havcing been kept once a month at 
 Randall Vernon's house, may fur the future bo at Chester Towne, 
 which this meeting approves off untill further order." 
 
 At Monthly Mtg, C, 31, 1702.— "Chester meeting proposeth their 
 intentions of purchaseing a burying-plaoe in the town, which this 
 meeting approves of, provided they preserve and keep in Good order 
 the Old Burying-Plaoe." 
 
 8 mo. 25, 1703.— Memorandum that "the Deeds of Chester meet- 
 ing house and Land is in the hands of Randall Vernon." 
 
 CHICHESTER MEETING. 
 At a Monthly Meeting held at Upland, 7th month 11, 
 1682, it was agreed that there should be a meeting at Chi- 
 chester on the Fifth day of the week, but it was not until 
 the 1st of 11th month following that 
 
 " it was condescended to that friuds at Chichester may hold a 
 meeting there on the first day of the weik for the servis of God un- 
 till the next monthly meeting, then to have further aprobation con- 
 serning it." 
 
 The approbation was doubtless given at the next meeting, 
 but not minuted. 
 
232 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 At Quarterly Meeting, 6 mo. 3, 1696. — " Chichester Monthly meet- 
 ing being called the meeting consents that their weekly meeting be 
 on the 6th diiy of the week." 
 
 12, 1, 1696. — "Chichester Monthly Meeting being called they re- 
 questing yo alteration of their weekly meeting to the 5th day as 
 formerly, which this meeting consents unto." 
 
 James Browne, by deed of 10th month 4, 1688, con- 
 veyed two acres of ground in Chichester to William Clay- 
 ton, Sr., Philip Roman, Robert Pyle, Jacob Chandler, 
 Joseph Bushell, and John Kingsman, for the use of 
 Friends, whereon a meeting-house was built soon after. 
 It was destroyed by fire 12th month 4, 1768, and rebuilt 
 the following year. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA QUAETEELY MEETING. 
 
 This was established in 1682, and the Welsh settlers in 
 Chester County set up their meetings as branches thereof. 
 This caused some dissatisfaction on the part of the English 
 Friends, and the matter was finally arranged that, after Hav- 
 crford, Radnor, and Newtown, no other meetings should be 
 set up in this county except by consent of Chester Quar- 
 terly Meeting. 
 
 HAVEKFOKD MEETING. 
 
 This was probably held as early as 1683. 
 
 HAVEEFOED MONTHLY MEETING 
 was first held 10th of 2d month (April), 1684, and in- 
 cluded the nfeetings of Havorford, Merion, and Schuylkill, 
 the latter being held near the present Market Street bridge, 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 DAEBY MEETING 
 
 was doubtless held in 1683. A Monthly Meeting of this 
 
 name was first held 5th month 2, 1684. Although the 
 
 families of this meeting spread into other parts, no meeting 
 
 was ever set up as a branch thereof. 
 
 CHESTEE QUAETEELY MEETING, 
 now and since 1800 known as Concord Quarterly Meeting, 
 was held for the first time 12th month 4, 1683-4, at 
 Chester. In 1686 it was agreed to hold the meeting at 
 Walter Faucet's house, in Ridley, but after 1 693 it circulated 
 at the houses of Thomas and Randall Vernon, Edward 
 Carter, Joseph Stedman, and Robert Vernon until 1700, 
 when it was settled mostly at Providence meeting-house. 
 In 1716 it was removed to Concord meeting-house. 
 
 CONCOED MONTHLY MEETING. 
 At a Quarterly Meeting at Chester, 12th month 4, 
 1683-4, it was ordered that "Chechester Monethly Meate- 
 ing be y° second second day of eavery moneth." 
 
 "The fearst monthly meeting held by friends in Chichester on yc 
 If"" of the first month, in y= year 1684. 
 
 " William Hews, "I John Bezer, 
 
 J John Harding." 
 
 At a meeting held 4, 9, 1684, a subscription was made 
 to assist Thomas Moore to build a house, in which the fol- 
 lowing persons joined : John Harding, Morgan Drewitt, 
 Valentine Hollingsworth, William Hows, James Browne, 
 William Clayton, Sr., John Bezer, John Kingsman, and 
 J. C. (Jacob Chandler?). 
 
 At a Quarterly Meeting, 6mo. 2, 1686. — " Ordered that y° monthly 
 meeting formerly held at Chechester be from henceforth kept one 
 month at Chechester and one month kept at Concord & y next 
 monthly meeting to begin at Concord, untill farther order." 
 
 For some time it was known as Chichester and Concord 
 Monthly meeting ; after 1729 it was held altogether at 
 Concord. 
 
 CONCOED MEETING. 
 
 At a Quarterly Meeting at Chester, 9th month 1, 1685 : 
 
 " It is agread y' y* meeting formerly held at John Gibbons house 
 should from this time forewards bo beld one first day & one fourth 
 day at John Gibbons* & another first day & fourth day at Nicolas 
 NcwLand's untill further order." 
 
 6 mo. 2, 1686. — "Agreed y' y"^ meeting formerly ordered to be one 
 first day at Nicolas Newland's and y"" other first day at John Gibins's 
 be from this time removed & kept at Nicholas Newlanda only, till 
 further order (viz.) y'' first & 4th days meeting." 
 
 At Mo. Mtg., 4, 13, 1 692.—" Margery Gibbins Apeared at this meet- 
 ing and Apeared more Tender & low then heretofore and desired that 
 diference betwi.\t her & friends may be ended. At length friends & 
 she concluded to refTer the scperate meeting y' they kcepe at there 
 house to the determination of the Quarterly meeting, she promiseing 
 to stand &, Abide by the Judgment of Ihe Quiirterly meeting." 
 
 At Quarterly Mtg., 9 mo. 4, 1695. — "Chichester monthly meeting 
 being called it was agreed that Conoord'meeting which was moveable 
 be now fixed at the new meeting house." 
 
 NEWAEK MONTHLY MEETING, 
 now and since 1760 known as Kennet Monthly Meeting, 
 was first held in 1686. 
 
 At Chester Quarterly Meeting, 12th month 1, 1685: 
 
 " Its agreed y' from henceforth no meeting w*- ever relating to y*^ 
 servise of Truth be set up w"" out advising w"" & having consent of 
 y*^ quarterly meeting. 
 
 " Agreed y' y" friends of Newcastle County according to their prop- 
 osition may erect or set up a six weeks meeting as they shall see 
 cause." 
 
 The meeting so established does not appear to have been 
 held very regularly for the first year. The first entry in 
 the record is as follows : 
 
 " At the Monthly Meeting held at the Widow Welsh's 3mo. — , 16S6 : 
 Edward Gibbs & Judith Crawford proposed their Intentions of mar- 
 riage with each other, j » man produceing a Certificate from y« monthly 
 meeting in Maryland, signifleing his Clearness There: Valentine 
 Hollingsworth & Robt Vance were appointed to make a further In- 
 quiry." 
 
 Although established by consent of Chester Quarterly 
 Meeting, Newark did not at first send representatives 
 thereto, but every third meeting was considered a Quarterly 
 Meeting until 
 
 3, 6, 1693. — "Its agreed by this meeting y' we join ourselves to 
 Chister Quarterly Meeting (and their Consent we have thereto)." 
 
 6 mo. 28, 1687.— "At our Monthly Meeting at ye Widow Welshes, 
 this meeting haveing taken into Consideration ye matter of ye Mans 
 Meeting which hitherto hath been kept at Now Castle & finding upon 
 Due Consideration y« it may be more Convenient for ye present that 
 it be kept twice on ye other side of Brandywine and ye third which 
 will be Quarterly Meeting to be kept at New Castle ye first 7" day 
 in Every Month be ye mens meeting. The Meeting Consents y« there 
 shall be a Weekly Meeting about Whitely Creek where friends there 
 shall think fit." 
 
 By " man's meeting" they intended the meeting for busi- 
 ness, in which the women probably took no part at that 
 date. The Monthly Meeting was mostly held at Valentine 
 Hollingsworth 's after 1689, but it circulated to various 
 houses up to 3d month 6, 1704, when 
 
 " This meeting Orders that our next Monthly Meeting be held at 
 y= Center w"" is supposed to be at George Harlans ould house." 
 
 It was held last at Newark in 1707, but after Centre 
 meeting-house was built it was mostly held there for some 
 
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 
 
 233 
 
 years. At length it became settled at Kennet, and on that 
 account dropped the old name of Newark. 
 
 NEW CASTLE MEETING. 
 
 The date of the establishment of this meeting has been 
 fixed at 1684. John Hussey, John Richardson, Edward 
 Blake, George Hogg, and Benjamin Swett were members 
 thereof. In 1 688 a committee was appointed to view a 
 place for a meeting-house and graveyard. 
 
 NEWARK MEETING. 
 In 1 68'1 a survey of 986 acres was made for Valentine 
 Hollingsworth on Shelpot Creek, in New Castle County, and 
 called " New Worke" in the surveyor's return. Whether 
 that was a corruption of " Newark" or vice versa has not 
 been ascertained, but in old documents the meeting was 
 often written " New- Work." Valentine Hollingsworth gave 
 half an acre for a burying-place, 11, 7, 1687, "there 
 being some already buryed in y° spot." A meeting-house 
 was afterwards built, but the meeting ceased to be held 
 there about 1754. 
 
 CENTRE MEETING. 
 
 10, 7, 1687. — "At j° request of friends beyond Brandy wine to have 
 tt meeting there this winter season, to which friends is willing and 
 thereto consents." 
 
 10, 7, 1689. — " George Harlan Desireing ye Concurrance of ffriends 
 on behalf of ye familys on ye other side of Brandywine for ye hold- 
 ing of a meeting this winter season amongst themselves by reason of 
 the dangerousness of ye ford to which y° meeting agrees and Con- 
 sents." 
 
 George Harlan's later residence was in what is now 
 Pennsbury, but in 1689 it was perhaps farther south. 
 
 9, 7, 1702. — " ffriends on ye south side of Brandywine haveing re- 
 quested y' they may have Every other first day a meeting on their 
 side ye Creek this meeting haveing taken it into Consideration .allows 
 thereof and for ye more certain knowledge and settlement of our 
 meeting it is thought Expedient and necessary y' our meetings be 
 kept only at two places viz' at Newark, at Valentine HolUngsworth's, 
 one first day, and on ye other side of Brandywine ye other first day." 
 
 In 1708 a meeting-house forty feet by twenty feet was 
 directed to be built, but it does not appear to have been 
 accomplished for some time after. 
 
 5, 1, 1710. "Its agreed upon y« Allphonsus Kirk is to be allowed 
 
 Is. 6d. p acre for what Land y'' meeting house have ocoation for not 
 exceeding six Acres." 
 
 9, .3, 1711. — " This meeting appoints George Harlan, Thos. Hollings- 
 worth Allphonsus Kirk and Sam" Graves to take y« oversight of y« 
 building of y» Center meeting house requesting y" w*^ all Convenient 
 speed to let out y= work to some workmen in order y» it may be y= more 
 speedily done and return an ace" to y^ next meeting how they pro- 
 ceed." 
 
 MIDDLETOWN MEETING. 
 
 At a Quarterly Meeting, 3, 3, 1686 : 
 
 " Agreed y* a meeting be kept at John Boiters upon y« same first 
 day it used to be at Bartholomew Coppocks for y» ease of such y» 
 live westerly in y« woods and y« rest of friends living y» other way 
 upon y» same day to meet at ffranois Stanfields until farther consid- 
 eration.'' 
 
 3,4, 1696. — "It is agreed that » meeting be settled at John Bo- 
 water's every first and fifth day." 
 
 9, 6, 1699. "The ffriends of John Bowaters meeting Lay their In- 
 tentions of Building a meeting house. This meeting constitutes & 
 appoints Philip Roman, Robert Pyle, Nathaniel Newlin, George 
 Robinson, John Hood & John Wood to determine the place for that 
 service and make report to ye next Quarterly meeting under all their 
 Hands that it may be entred in this meeting Book." 
 
 30 
 
 This committee reported in favor of building upon the 
 land belonging to the said meeting's burylng-ground. This 
 was called Mlddletown Meeting as early as 1702. 
 
 SPRINGFIELD MEETING. 
 See Middletown in 1686. At Quarterly Meeting, 6th 
 month 2, 1686 : 
 
 "Agreed y^y^ meeting atfrancis Stanfields upon fresh consideration 
 be Removed to Bartholomew Coppock's y^ younger, to begin y^ next 
 first day and y" 4th day folowing untill friends see cause to remove 
 it." 
 
 3 mo. 4, 1696.— "This meeting consents y' the meeting at Bartholo- 
 mew Coppocks be settled every first and 3d day." 
 
 3 mo. 2, 1698. — "Its also agreed that the meeting at Bartholomew 
 Coppocks on the 3d day bo on y*' 5th day." 
 
 12 mo. 6, 1698-9.— "The friends belonging to Springfield meeting 
 propose their intentions of building a meeting house at their grave 
 yard, which this Quarterly meeting Consents unto." 
 
 At Chester Mo. Mtg., 8, 25, 1703.—" Memorandum, that the Deeds 
 of the meeting house and Land of Springfield is Lodged in the bands 
 of George Maris, sen'r." 
 
 At Quarterly Meeting, 6, 13, 1739, it was ordered that 
 £18 should be paid to Friends of Springfield to help them 
 to defray the charge of rebuilding their meeting-house, the 
 same being the interest on Joseph Need's donation, and 
 paid by his request. 
 
 PROVIDENCE MEETING. 
 
 At a Quarterly Meeting, 3d month 4, 1696, it is agreed 
 that a meeting be settled at Thomas Minshall's every First 
 and Fourth day. 
 
 3, 2, 1 698. — " Its also agreed that the meeting at Thomas Minshall's 
 do joyne with them [those who met at Randall Vernon's once a 
 month] on that day." 
 
 12, 6, 1698-9.— "The friends belonging to Thomas Minshalls meet- 
 ing propose their Intention of building a meeting house at the bury- 
 ing ground by Tho : Powells. This meeting upon consideration 
 thereof think fitt to deferr the matter untill the next Quarterly meet- 
 ing. It being the sense of this meeting that no meeting house be 
 hereafter built upon any new situation without y= advice k consent 
 of the Quarterly meeting." 
 
 "This meeting appoints Caleb Pusey, Thomas Worth, John Hood, 
 George Peirce, Nicholas Pyle & Robert Carter to meet with those 
 ffriends belonging to Thomas Minchall's meeting, to view <i; consider 
 of the most convenient place where to sett the above proposed meet- 
 ing house." 
 
 3 mo. 1, 1699. — "According to the order & request of y« Last Quar- 
 terly meeting The friends appointed to inspect into & consider of the 
 most convenient place to build the meeting house to answer that of 
 Tho : Minchall's Do make return under their hands that it is their 
 sense that at the farther end of Thomas Minchall's Land by y« high 
 roade side is the most Convenient place for that service & accordingly 
 this meeting approves of y' same." 
 
 6 mo. 6, 1700. — " Ordered that the next Quarterly meeting be held 
 at the new meeting house in Nether Providence." 
 
 9 mo. 4, 1700 — " Nether Providence ffriends request that their first 
 days & week days meeting be removed from Thomas Minchalls to 
 their new meeting house which this meeting alowes off." 
 
 3 mo. 12, 170 1 . — " Providence meeting requesting that whereas their 
 weekly meeting being the second 5th day of each month at Randel 
 Vernon's it may be removed to the new meeting house, which this 
 meeting doth alow off." 
 
 RADNOR MEETING. 
 This is mentioned as early as 1686, but no house ap- 
 pears to have been built until about 1693. 
 
 BIRMINGHAM MEETING. 
 At Chester Quarterly Meeting, 9th mo. 3, 1690 : 
 
 " Chichester monthly meeting being called, it being moved to this, 
 meeting that Concord first days meeting be every fourth first day at 
 
234 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ■William Brinton's in Birmingham, begining the 23d of this month ; 
 also the fourth day following if the said meeting think fitt: this to 
 continue till further order." 
 
 At Mo. Mtg., 3mo. 1 4, 1694. — " The business referr'd to this meeting 
 concerning another meeting at Bromidgam this meeting thinkes fitt 
 it should continew at present as it is." 
 
 8 mo. 9, 1704.—" John Bennett and Elizabeth Webb in the behalf 
 of friends, Inhabitants of the uper part of burningbam and brandi- 
 wine Creek with the advice of the preparative meeting of Concord 
 did Keqnest of this meeting that they might have A meeting att John 
 Bennet's house this winter time because of their farr Living from 
 Concord meeting house. This meeting well waying and considering 
 for the Ease of friends and service of truth did agree and conclude, 
 with the advice of the quarterly meeting, the first meeting to be the 
 third first day in the 9th month next, and so every other first day 
 until! the second first day in the first month following and also every 
 fifth day following Except that fifth day which the preparative meet- 
 ing is held at Concord, and then to meet together as usiall." 
 
 At Mo. Mtg., 12, 3, 1717.—" The friends of the upper part of Burm- 
 ingham haveing had a meeting for every other first day during the 
 winter seasons and now they saide friends doth request that they may 
 have it the same time all the year about, which this meeting doth 
 alow of it in order to goe to y« quarterly meeting for their approba- 
 tion." 
 
 At Quarterly Meeting, 9, 10, 1718. — " Concord monthly meeting 
 Layd before this meeting a proposall of Burmingham friends of 
 Building themselves a meeting house to whom this meeting Gives 
 Leave provided that they and their monthly meeting can agree on a 
 place to Build it and make report to our next meeting." 
 
 12, 9, 1718. — " According to Leave Given at our Last meeting to 
 Burmingham friends to Build themselves a meeting bouse have sig- 
 nified from their monthly meeting that they have a Greed of a place 
 whereon to Build it which is upon Richard Webbs Land near the 
 Great Bead w"'' this meeting is satisfied with." 
 
 At Mo. Mtg., 9 mo. fi, 1721. — " The friends of Burmingham meeting 
 Layde before this meeting a propousall for sum of their friends be- 
 longing to their meeting to be chosen as fefees in trust upon y« ac- 
 count of theire meeting house and ground : it's the mind of this 
 meeting to chouse William Brinton, Joseph Taylor, Philip Taylor, 
 John Bennett, Joseph Brinton and Nicholas ffreed." 
 
 BIRMINGHAM MEETING-IIOL'SE. 
 
 To these persons Elizabeth Webb, widow of Richard, con- 
 veyed an acre of ground (10, 27, 1721) for £3, and the 
 meeting-house was built by the next year, as the mar- 
 riage of Joseph Webb and Ann Willis was accomplished 
 therein 7, 13, 1722. It is said to have been built of 
 cedar logs, and was without a chimney or stove for heating 
 it. The date of erection of the western end of- the present 
 structure has been fixed at 1765, but Benjamin Hawley 
 
 notes in his diary (6, 13, 1763) that in the afternoon he 
 " went to the Raising of y" meeting-house." He taught 
 school near by at the time. The house was used as a 
 hospital during the Revolution, as already stated. In 1818 
 it was enlarged to accommodate the Monthly Meeting. 
 The western wall of the graveyard bears date 1769 in 
 two or more places. A new hoiise has been built by the 
 Orthodox branch of the society. 
 
 NEWTOWN MEETING. 
 
 At Haverford Monthly Meeting, 11, 14, 1696: "Wil- 
 liam Lewis and some other friends having proposed to this 
 meeting to settle a meeting at Newtown, they are left to 
 their freedom therein." Afterwards Thomas Jones was 
 ordered " to acquaint friends of Chester Meeting that the 
 meeting lately settled at Newton is done w"" y° consent of 
 this meeting, in order to have their approbation therein." 
 
 At Chester Quarterly Meeting, 3, 12, 1701 : 
 
 " This meeting being dissatisfyed that a meeting is sett up at New- 
 towne without the approbation of this Quarterly meeting, the meet- 
 ing therefore orders John Blunston & Walter fiaucet to go to Haver- 
 ford months meeting and request them that the said meeting be not 
 Continued without the approbation of this Q''y meeting." 
 
 The subject was taken to the Yearly Meeting, which 
 decided that the meeting should remain as it was, but that 
 " for the future y° said Welsh friends may set up no meet- 
 ing further w"'in the said county of Chester without y' 
 approbation'' of Chester Quarterly Meeting. 
 
 At Chester Mo. Mtg., 1, 25,' 1706.— "William Lewis of Newtown 
 appeared att this ineeting with Daniel Williamson signifying in the 
 behalfe of their meeting their desier of being joyned to our monthly 
 and quarterly meeting : Ordered that Caleb Pusey and Joseph Baker 
 do attend their next monthly meeting to signiefie our willingness if 
 they consent to it." 
 
 2, 29, 1706. — " Caleb Pusey and Joseph Baker makes Beport to this 
 meeting that they have been att Haverford monthly meeting Accord- 
 ing to the order of the Last Monthly Meeting to show our Willlng- 
 neps &, to know theirs in Joyning friends of Newtowne meeting to our 
 monthly and Quarterly Meeting and that the friends of Haverford 
 Refers it to farther consideration." 
 
 At Quarterly Meeting at Providence, 6, 5, 1706 : 
 
 " Agreed between Philadelphia Qrl-'y Meeting A this that Newtowne 
 friends shall for the future belong to Chester Monthly Meeting and 
 to this Qriiy Meeting." 
 
 At Mo. Mtg., 6, 26, 1706.—" This meeting Received a Generall Cer- 
 tificate from Mirion monthly meeting Reoomending to the Care of 
 our Monthly Meeting Those Particulars following,— William Lewis, 
 Sen', Lewis Lewis, Evan Lewis, William Lewis, Rice Howell, William 
 Bevan, William Thomas as members of Newtown meeting with Rec- 
 omendation for Peter Thomas." 
 
 5, 28, 1707. — "Newtown meeting desireth that their meeting now 
 kept att Lewis Lewis' may be held att Evan Lewis' which this meet- 
 ing agrees to and that the friends appointed to attend the Quarterly 
 meeting move itt there for their approbation." 
 
 At Mo. Mtg., 8, 30, 1710.- "Newtown meeting Laid before this 
 meeting their Intentions of building a meeting house by friends 
 burial yard in Newtown which this meetting approves of and Be- 
 quests the approbation of the Quarterly meeting." 
 
 8, 29, 1711.—" They also signifie that their meeting house is neare 
 finished and Desire that their meeting may be Removed from-Evan 
 Lewis' to the meeting house which this meeting approves of, and in 
 order thereunto this meeting think fitt to Lay it before the Quarterly 
 meeting for their approbation." 
 
 GOSHEN MEETING. 
 At Quarterly Meeting, 12, 2, 1701.— "Some ffriends dwelling at 
 Goshen makeing application to this meeting for to have a meeting for 
 
HESIDENCB OF RICHARD B. TAYLOR, WEST CHESTER. 
 
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 
 
 235 
 
 vorship setteled amongst them. This meeting Considering thereof 
 thinks fitt to refer it to the next Qrtly meeting it being the first pro- 
 posnll of it & by reason of a great flood but few friends appeared." 
 
 3, 4, 1702.—" The friends dwelling at Goshen Continuing their ap- 
 plication to this meeting that they may have a meeting of worship 
 setteled amongst them, This meeting taking the matter into Consider- 
 ation thinks fitt that they may have a meeting every other first day 
 there at y« house of Griffith Owen, the first meeting to be y= next first 
 day, and this meeting orders them to belong to Chester months 
 meeting." 
 
 6, 2, 1703. — Goshen Friends requested liberty from the 
 Quarterly Meeting to make some chatige in their meeting, 
 but were advised first to agree among themselves, and then 
 lay it before Chester Monthly Meeting. 
 
 Chester Monthly Meeting, 6, 30, 1703.—" Att the request of freinds 
 from goshen this meeting doos agree and appoint y' there be a meet- 
 ing of Worship the Last first day of tenth month & first fourth and 
 seventh months at y* house of Thomna Jones and on every first day of 
 y" week besids throughout y« yeare att goshen meeting house wheare 
 allco is apoynted that y= weekly meeting be cept Every sixth day of 
 j» week if y= quarterly meeting approve of j» saime." 
 
 At Quarterly Meeting, 9, 1, 1703. — " Chester month's meeting being 
 called, the frd' appointed to attend this meeting signifie that y» friends 
 of Gushen have acquainted y^^ that they have agreed Conserning the 
 setteling of a meeting there. To be kept every first day at the p:ieeting 
 house except y° Last first day in every 10th 1st 4th k 7th months at 
 which times they have agreed that it shall be kept at David Jones's at 
 Whiteland in the great Valley : And also a week days meeting every 
 sixt day at the meeting house at Goshen, to all which their e'' months 
 meeting did acquiesce with, which this Quarterly meeting after a due 
 Consideration thereof do also approve off untill further order." 
 
 At Chester Monthly Meeting, 1, 27, 1704.-" Ellis David and Cad- 
 walader Ellis Informed this meeting that David Jones belonging to 
 Goshen meeting some time since did unhappily Conive or Give way to 
 his servant to worke in his Team some of his neighbours Creatures 
 without their Consent, and desired the advice of this meeting Con- 
 serning this matter, and this meeting having Considered the saime 
 Concludeth thereupon, first, that the meeting now kept at David 
 Jones's bouse if the Quarterly meeting approve of itt bee for time to 
 come keept att Goshen ; secondly^ that the s*^ David Jones do condemn 
 the s^ action by a paper under his hand to bee brought to the next 
 monthly meeeting, and Lastly, that hee make Reasonable satisfaction 
 to the owners of the s* Creatures." 
 
 At Quarterly Meeting, 3, 1, 1704. — "Chester Months Meeting being 
 called, Bartholomew Coppock, Randall Vernon & Caleb Pusey appeared 
 ii Informed this meeting that it was the sence of their monthly meet- 
 ing, for some reasons now offered, thot the first days meeting formerly 
 ordered to be kept at David Jones's house in y= great valley near 
 Goshen should be kept for the future at the house of Robert Williams 
 as formerly untill further order ; which this meeting doth acquiesce 
 with." 
 
 At Chester Monthly Meeting, 9, 25, 1706.— "Goshan meeting Pro- 
 posseth to this meeting the Building a meeting house and grave yard 
 near Edgmont Road it is Left to the Consideration of the next monthly 
 meeting." 
 
 8, 27, 1707.—" Friends of Goshen meeting Lay* before this meeting 
 their Intention of Building a meeting-house near Robert Williams 
 by the buriell Ground, which this meeting hath nothing to object 
 against. But orders friends appointed to attend y« Quarterly meet- 
 ing do move itt there for their Concurrence, and they further Desire 
 that their meeting may be kept once in a month att AVhite Land 
 which this meeting assents to, and that itt bee Lay* before the Quar- 
 terly meeting accordingly." 
 
 The subject was continued under consideration for some 
 months, but the Quarterly Meeting decided, 12, 2, 1707, 
 that the meeting-house should be built at the burial ground 
 near Robert Williams', and that a meeting for worship 
 should be held once in six weeks at the house of James 
 Thomas, in the Great Valley, beginning in the month fol- 
 lowin<'. The new meeting-houso was ready for occupancy 
 
 8, 31 , 1709, and permission given for the meeting, then 
 held at Robert Williams', to be removed thereto, and held 
 on the First and Sixth days of the week. 
 
 At Chester Mo. Mtg., 5, 30, 1716.—" The Representatives of Goshen 
 meeting Requests that the six weeks mectting kept ntt James Thomas 
 be laid aside att present and setled att Goshen and Youghland untill 
 further order which this meeting thinks well of and Requests the 
 approbation of the Quarterly meetting." 
 
 This was approved by the Quarterly Meeting in the fol- 
 lowing month. 
 
 James Thomas, at whose house the valley meeting was 
 held, was a nephew of David Jones. It was in what is 
 now East Whiteland, but had no connection with the pres- 
 ent Whiteland Meeting. In 1736 a new meeting-house 
 was erected in place of the former one, and remained until 
 a few years sin&c, when it was torn down and rebuilt on the 
 same site. Among the early members of this meeting were 
 Rotert Williams, Ellis David, Cadwalader Ellis, David 
 Jones, James Thomas, Thomas Garrett, William Garrett, 
 George Ashbridge, John Cadwalader, Edward Kinnison, 
 Isaac Malin, David Davis, John Haines, and Isaac Haines. 
 
 EAST NOTTINGHAM MEETING. 
 
 At Concord Mo. Mtg., 2 mo. 9, 1705.—" Two friends of Notingham 
 desiering on the behalf of the Rest A first dayes meeting att the 
 house of William Brown and A fourth dayes meeting once in A 
 month, to which this meeting doth aqueese. Leaving it to the next 
 quarterly meeting for their Approbation." 
 
 At Quarterly Meeting, 3 mo. 7, 1705. — " Chichester monthly meeting 
 being called thefr'ds appointed to attend aquaint this meeting that y^ 
 fr'ds settling at Nottingham desier a meeting of Worship every first 
 day at William Browne's house, & once a month on the fift day before 
 Chichester months meeting; which this Quarterly meeting approves 
 off until] further order.'' 
 
 At Mo Mtg., 3, 13, 1706.—" Robert Pyle and George Pearoo is Ap- 
 pointed to goe down to Notingham and take with them the order of 
 the Quarterly meeting for the setling of A meeting there, and also 
 the severall heads out of the book of disciplin, so farr as may suit 
 their cercomstances in order for setling A preparative meeting and 
 the carrying on of Church government Among them According to 
 the good order of truth and in order thereunto this meeting appoints 
 Will Brown and John Churchman, Katherin Brown and Mary Bales 
 [Beal] to be overseers of the said meeting untill farther order, first 
 Receiving a certificate from Chester monthly meeting on the behalf 
 of Andrew Job and John Churchman and their families, and make 
 Report thereof to the next monthly meeting." 
 
 At Quarterly Mtg., 3 mo. 2, 1709. — " The months meeting of Chich- 
 ester moves to this meeting y' whereas the meeting of worship that 
 hath to this time been kept at the house of William Browne in Not- 
 tingham, may for the future be kept at the new meeting-house there 
 built for that end & purpose, every weekly first & fift days, w* this 
 meeting approves off untill further order." 
 
 John Beal and Robert Dutton were appointed overseers, 
 1, 13, 1709-10, and were succeeded by William Brown, 
 Sr., and James King, 2, 14, 1712. The majority of the 
 settlers at Nottingham were fro.m Concord Monthly Meet- 
 ing, for which reason the new meeting was considered a 
 branch thereof, and this continued until 1715. 
 
 4, 13, 1715. — "Nottingham ffriends renewed their former request 
 that they might be joined to the monthly meeting of New-work & 
 Laid down these reasons, — that the s* meeting being much nearer & to 
 be come at with less difficulty, A supposing they may be of more ser- 
 vice one to another than they are or can be to this meeting ; & oft when 
 they have past by that meeting to come to this it has been with Reluc- 
 tance, being all one People and deeming that their proper place." 
 
 After some consideration their request was deemed reason- 
 able, and referred to the Quarterly Meeting, which, on the 
 
236 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 1st of 6th month, 1715, sanctioned the proposed change. 
 The meeting-house, built in 1708-9, was replaced by one 
 of brick in 1724. John Churchman, in his journal, says 
 that the latter was destroyed by fire, and that the meetings 
 were held in a private house in the winter of 1748. When 
 rebuilt a stone addition was made to the brick, but this 
 structure, in 1810, was also burned. In 1811 the present 
 building was erected, and although one-half stone, has 
 always borne the appellation of the " Brick Meeting." The 
 title to the land was granted by Penn, but on the settle- 
 ment of the line the property fell into Maryland. This 
 iras formerly a large and influential meeting, and among 
 the members at various times were several prominent min- 
 isters in the society. 
 
 HOWELL JAMES' MEETING. 
 In 1709 the " ffriends about y= Iron Hills," near Elk 
 River, were allowed to have a meeting once a month at the 
 house of Howell James. In 1714 it was allowed to be 
 held every First-day , but in 1716, after the death of Howell 
 James, it was discontinued. 
 
 KENNBT MEETING. 
 Samuel Smith, in his history of the meetings, says that 
 in 1707 
 
 " Vincent Caldwell, Thomas Wickersham, Joel Bailey, Thomas Hope, 
 Guyaa Miller, and others, being settled in Kennet and the east end 
 of Marlborough, had liberty to keep a meeting for worship some- 
 times in private houses. In the year 1710 a piece of land was pur- 
 chased and a meeting-house built, which was enlarged in 1719; in 
 1731 it was further enlarged." 
 
 Some of the early records are rather indefinite, but we 
 quote from the minutes of Newark (now Kennet) Monthly 
 Meeting, as follows : 
 
 7, 30, 1709. — "The request of ffriends belonging to Malsbrough 
 meeting is to this meeting y' it would grant y' they may for this 
 winter season have their meetings kept there every first & fourth day, 
 to w'''* request this meeting Condescends." 
 
 9, 5, 1709. — " Its ye request of this meeting y' our meetings be kept 
 every first and fourth day at y' Center at Malsbrough and at Newark 
 this winter season." 
 
 11,6, 1710-11.— "The llequest of Mallbrough ffr^' to have j » meet- 
 ings up there to be Considered on till ye next meeting." 
 
 At Chester Quarterly Meeting, 3, 7, 1711 : 
 
 " The monthly meeting of Newark Kequesteth that ffriends of Mal- 
 borough & thereabouts may meet Every first & fourth days at Kennet 
 meeting house ; and also that frinds of Newark meet two at the Center 
 first & fourth days, & those of ye Center to meet with them of Newark 
 one, which this meeting approves of till further order." 
 
 6, 5, 1717. — " A request from Newark monthly meeting for advice 
 for settling a place to Build a new meeting house for Kennett this 
 meeting appoints Thomas Bradshaw, Josiah ffearn, William Lewis, 
 Aaron James, Henry Obourn, & John Bezer to hear and advise with 
 the paid friends and make Report thereof to the next Quarterly meet- 
 ing." 
 
 9, 11, 1717. — "The ffriends that wear appointed to seek & settle a 
 suitable pla'oe in Kennett to Build a meeting house upon reports that 
 that part of Vincent Caldwell's Land that Lyes betwi.\t the two roads 
 that goes to Notingham and into the woods seems to them most 
 Proper, but some of the friends of that meeting Request another 
 Quarter's time for Consideration, where they may settle the same to 
 their Generall satisfaction." 
 
 12, 10, 1717. — "According to our Last meetings allowing Kennett 
 friends Time for Consideration, where they might settle a meeting 
 house to thoir Generall Satisfaction, they at this meeting Reports That 
 the meeting is to be Continued at Kennett meeting house." 
 
 A Mo. Mtg., 10, 2, 1721.— "The Deed of Kennett Meeting House 
 
 being in the possession of Gayen Miller, and the Bond securing the 
 same for the service of the people called Quakers left in the hands of 
 William Lewis." 
 
 NEW GARDEN MEETING. 
 At Chester Quarterly Meeting: 
 
 12, 2, 1712. — "Newark monthly meeting requests that there may 
 be a first & fifth Days meeting settled at John Miller's. This meet- 
 ing, considering thereof, thinks fitt to Refer the further Consideration 
 thereof to the next Quarterly meeting." 
 
 3, 4, 1713. — "This meeting, Considering further of settleing a 
 meeting at or nere John Miller's, Do allow that a first and fifth Dayes 
 meeting be kept at John Miller's Dwelling House for this Ensuing 
 Quarter, or untill further order, and the said meeting to Belong to 
 Kennet Preparative meeting for the Present." 
 
 6, 3, 1713. — "Also the said meeting Requests that the ffriends of 
 the meeting kept at John Miller's may have Liberty to Build a meet- 
 ing house near Michel Lightfoot's, which this meeting, takeing into 
 Consideration, do allow the same ffriends of that meeting so to do, 
 and not to Exceed half a mile from the said Michel's." 
 
 At Newark Monthly Meeting, 10, 3, 1715: 
 
 "ffriends belonging to Newgardin first day's meeting, having re- 
 quested of this meeting the Liberty of houlding a preparitive meeting 
 at the meeting house of Newgarden, this meeting aproves their Request 
 and grants them the Liberty of houlding such a preparitive meeting." 
 
 In 1743 the south end of the present brick house was 
 erected in the room of the former log one. The north end 
 was added about the year 1790. 
 
 The Orthodox Friends erected a new brick meeting- 
 house a short distance south of the old one, and on the 
 opposite side of the road. 
 
 UWCHLAN MEETING. 
 At Chester Monthly Meeting : 
 
 2, 28, 1712. — "The Representatives of Goshen meeting moved to 
 this meeting the Request of several friends that Lives at a Place 
 Called Youchland to have a meeting at the hou.<<e of John Cadwalle- 
 ders and in order that friends may receive some further satisfaction 
 whether it may be Convenient to settle a meeting there this meeting 
 appoints Jacob Simcock and Ephraim Jackson to visit them in order 
 thereto and to make report to the next monthly meeting." 
 
 3, 26, 1712. — "The two friends appointed the Last meeting to visit 
 some friends at and about John Cadwalleders Reports that they hadd 
 a meeting there and friends finds some Incourageraent to answer their 
 Request of haveing a meeting settled there so the Consideration thereof 
 is Left to the next monthly meeting.'' 
 
 4, 30, 1712. — "The friends of Youchlands Request is Continued 
 untill the next meeting." 
 
 6, 28, 1712. — ''This meeting haveing taken into Consideration the 
 friends Request of haveing a meeting settled at John Cadwallader's 
 above the Great valley every first and fifth dayes. Except wlien the 
 meeting is kept at James Thomas's, which this meeting is satisfied 
 with, orders that a Request be carried to the Quarterly meeting for 
 there approbation of it; they meeting once in six weeks with the Great 
 Valley friends att James Thomases and to Continue of Goshen Pre- 
 parative meeting att the Present." 
 
 2, 26, 1714.— "Goshan Meeting Proposeth that friends of Youghland 
 be a preparative meetting of themselves which this meeting is con- 
 senting to and Requests the mind of the Quarterly meetting therein." 
 
 Uwchlan Meeting began to send representatives to the 
 Monthly Meeting in the 8th month, 1716, but the name 
 for some time is written " Youghland." The following 
 persons were representatives between 1716 and 1720: 
 Joseph Helsby, James Pugh, Thomas John, Thomas Fell, 
 Hugh Davis, Isaac Vernon, Joseph Phipps, Robert Ben- 
 son, Griffith John, Peter Taylor, Samuel John, Cadwalader 
 Jones, Thomas Davies, Thomas James, John Cadwalader, 
 David Cadwalader, Samuel Phipps. 
 
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 
 
 237 
 
 John Cadwalader, of " Ywchlan," by deed of June 2, 
 1715, purchased from David Lloyd, of Chester, 250 acres, 
 and on Jan. 16, 1715-6, sold to Thomas Fell "All that 
 messuage or Tenement and Plantac6n where y° s'" John 
 Cadwalader Dwells . . . Excepting out of these presents 
 a piece of Ground on y° side of the King's Road which 
 y s* John Cadwalader allotted for a burying-place, and 
 to set a meeting-house, on for y° use of y" people called 
 Quakers." James Pugh and Samuel John were appointed 
 overseers of the meeting, 8, 29, 1716. The present meet- 
 ing-house was built in 1756, but was remodeled a few 
 years since. Isaac Lewis and David Owen each left a 
 small legacy, in 1771, towards walling the graveyard, and 
 the work was commenced on the side next the road in 
 the following year. At the same time Thomas Evans 
 offered some ground to enlarge the graveyard, and Joseph 
 Phipps devised £10 for repairs and improvements thereon. 
 James Speary next bequeathed £60 for the use of wall- 
 ing the ground, which appears to have been completed in 
 1775, under the direction of Thomas Evans. Other lega- 
 cies are subsequently mentioned in the records, from 
 which the following is also taken : 
 
 1, 8, 1778. — " A few Days ago the Key of the Meeting-house at 
 TJwchlan was denianded by some of the Physicians to the conti- 
 nental Army in order to convert the same into an Jlospital for 
 their sick Soldiers; the Friend who had the Care of the House 
 and Key refusing to deliver it, forcible Entry was made into the 
 House and Stables ond as there is no Prospect of enjoying the 
 House peaceably from next First day it is agreed that Uwchlan 
 Friends hold their meetings at the House of our Friend George 
 Thomas in the Great Valley and that our preparative and monthly 
 meetings be held at Nantmeal on the usual Days till further Order." 
 
 The Monthly Meeting was held at Nantmeal, 8, 6, 1778, 
 but a month later it was again held at Uwchlan. 
 
 VALLEY MEETING. 
 This meeting, in Tredyffrin, was a branch of Haverford 
 Monthly Meeting, from the records of which, as quoted by 
 Dr. Smith, we find that in 1714 
 
 "friends inhabiting about Perquaming and this side of Schulkill in 
 ye valley being desirous y' a meeting might be allowed y" every other 
 m», to be A begin at Lewis Walker's house the first in 2»'i m" next 
 and thence every other month, att Joseph Richardsons house until j« 
 9^^ mo. next." 
 
 In 1731, Haverford Monthly Meeting, after having ap- 
 pointed a committee to aid the Valley Friends in fixing on 
 a site for a meeting-house, at length leaves them at their 
 liberty to build the said house " at the Grave Yard near 
 Lewis Walker's Deo*, which was left by the said Lewis by 
 his last will for that purpose." A temporary meeting was 
 from time to time authorized by Haverford Meeting to be 
 held at Richard Harrisson's school-house, but it does not 
 appear that it ever grew into a regular meeting. 
 
 LONDONGEOVE MEETING. 
 
 At Chester Quarterly Meeting : 
 
 12, 7, 1714.— "Newark monthly meeting Laid before this meeting 
 a request of some ffriends belonging to their meeting that a meeting 
 be settled at the House of John Smith In Marlborough one first Day 
 in Every month and Every Sixt Day for half a year which Request 
 this meeting orders to be put in practice untill further order." 
 
 12 10 1717. "Marlborough friends Request that they may have 
 
 a meeting Every sixth Day of the week Except the week on which 
 
 their preparative meeting is on at Newgarden which This meeting 
 allowes of till further order." 
 
 3, 11, 1724. — "The friends of Marlborough meeting (with the eon- 
 sent of newgarden Monthly Meeting) requests of this meeting that 
 they mny have liberty to build a meeting house on the Corner of 
 
 UWCHLAN MEETING-HOUSE. 
 
 Londongrove township Joining to Marlborough in order to keep a 
 meeting there every first day of the week as also on week days once 
 every week except that week on which the preparative meeting is at 
 Newgarden this meeting after taking it into their solid consideration 
 do approve thereof and grant the said friends their request." 
 
 In 1743 a larger house was erected, and replaced by the 
 present one in 1818, it being then enlarged for the accom- 
 modation of the Quarterly Meeting. The Orthodox Friends 
 have erected a new house a short distance southward, but 
 still use the old building at the times of Quarterly Meetings. 
 
 The Pusey, Pennock, Swayne, Lamborn, Baily, Speak- 
 man, and Hayes families were prominent among the early 
 members of the meeting. 
 
 CALN MEETING. 
 At Concord Monthly Meeting : 
 
 1, 14, 1714-5. — "Application being made to this meeting by some 
 friends in the valley for a meeting to be settled there which is referred 
 to the next meeting for oonsidiTation." 
 
 2 11 1715. "The friends in the Valley renewed their request for 
 
 a meeting to be settled there which request is referred for further 
 consideration." 
 
 2, 9, 1716.— "ffriends in the valley having continued their request 
 in order for the settling a fiirst days meeting amongst them this meet- 
 ing gives them their liberty to proceed to the Q"y Meeting for their 
 approbation." 
 
 6, 13, 1716.— "this meeting in perseuent to y" advise of y= Last 
 Quarterly meeting doth settle a preparative meeting at Calne in j« 
 Valey and to be keept on y" first day before our Monthly Meeting : 
 also this meeting advises them to nominate or appoint overseers for 
 the Sarvis of Truth and make report of them to y' next monthly 
 meeting." 
 
238 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 7, 10, 1716. — "Calne meeting mak report to this meeting that they 
 have appointed Thomas Peirson and William Cloude to be overseers 
 for their meeting which this meeting doth approve of," 
 
 8, 8, 1717. — " Elizabeth Swaffer and Susanna Mendenhall are 
 chosen overseers of Calne meeting." 
 
 At Quarterly Meeting : 
 
 6, 6, 1716.— "The Request of the ffriends of the Inhabitanoe of 
 Oalne for a first-Days meeting to be settled amongst them, being con- 
 sidered it is the sence of this meeting that they may keep a first days 
 meeting there &, have Liberty to build a meeting house on the Land 
 of John Mendinhall according to the friends Proposall." 
 
 At Concord Monthly Meeting : 
 
 8, 7, 1717. — John Mendenhall, Junr, is appointed overseer for 
 Calne in room of Wm. Cloude who desires to be excused. 
 
 1, 7, 1725-6. — "This meeting appoints Benj. Mendenhall, Henry 
 Oborn, and William Brinton to go and visitt friends of Calae meeting 
 in order to assiste them in setliug of a place to set their meeting-house 
 on according to there request." 
 
 2, 4, 1726. — " those friends appointed to goe to Calne reports that 
 they ha^e Left y^ mater to further consideration." 
 
 4, 6, 1726. — "To Calne preparitive meeting: friends, this meeting 
 hareing considered your request of moving your meeting house hiere 
 up the valley it is the mind of this meeting that you consider a little 
 longer of it and get the unanamous consent of all that are like to be- 
 long to that meeting, and bring their names to this meeting when you 
 are so agreed." 
 
 7, 5, 1726. — " this meeting appoints Robert Pyle, Benj. Mendenhall, 
 Henry Oborn, Moses Key, Abraham Widdos, and Benj. Mendenhall, 
 Ju^, to appoint a time and goe to the friends of Calne meeting in 
 order to assist them in the selling of a place to set their meeting 
 house on and make report to the next meeting." 
 
 8, 3, 1726. — "foure of those friends appointed to goe and assist the 
 friends of Calne meeting reports they have been and finds the greater 
 part of them most inclinable to build their meeting house upon the 
 further side of y^ valley upon y^ mounten ; therefore this meeting 
 Leves them to there Liberty to purchous a pice of Ground according 
 as they have proposed and to Lay y^ same before y® Quarterly meet- 
 ing for their approbation." 
 
 12, 6, 1726-7. — " Calne meeting proposeth fore friends for trustees 
 for their meeting house and ground viz. Tho. Parks, Aaron Menden- 
 hall, Tho. Eldrech, and Edward Tomson." 
 
 At Bradford Monthly Meeting : 
 
 8, 19, 1743. — "William Pim acquaints this meeting that some years 
 ngoo John Mendenhall sold an acre of Land to Cain meeting to Build 
 a meeting house upon &, to bury their dead in, which he afterwards 
 by an Instrument in writing vested in four trustees for the said use : 
 also that ffriends of said meeting having since procured more land 
 Built a meeting house and Burycth their, in a more convenient place, 
 and are willing with the consent of this meeting and the surviving 
 trustees to sell the said acre of Land to him the said William Pim, he 
 making a Deed of the burying ground to Trustees for the use of 
 ffriends forever; and it appearing that the said meeting & the two 
 surviving trustees are Consenting thereunto, now this meeting taking 
 the same into Consideration are also Consenting thereunto, and ap- 
 points Aaron Mendenhall, Thomas Parke, & Phinehas Lewis Trustees 
 to Receive the said Deed & to Deliver up the former one to to the said 
 William Pim." 
 
 Jan. 18, 1759, Richard Pike, then of Cork, Ireland, 
 who owned 1528 acres in Cain township, Conveyed to 
 Robert Miller and Thomas Parke, of East Cain, for the 
 use of Friends, a lot of ground on which a meeting-house 
 had been built with his consent. The deed shows that 
 this lot was 128 perches within the lines of Pike's land, 
 but whether this was the second or a third location has not 
 been determined. Thomas Stalker, in 1762, purchased 
 232 acres adjoining the meeting-house, and from this, at 
 a later date, an addition was made to the surrounding 
 grounds. In 1801 the house was enlarged to accommodate 
 the new Quarterly Meeting of Cain. 
 
 NEW GARDEN MONTHLY MEETING. 
 
 This was formed in 1718 by the division of Newark 
 Monthly Meeting, and included the meetings of New Gar- 
 den, Nottingham, and Londongrove. The first meeting 
 was held 5, 12, 1718. It was held sometimes at Notting- 
 ham till 1729, and afterwards alternated to LondongroTe 
 until 1792. 
 
 BEADPORD MEETING. 
 
 In 1716 application was made by some Friends in the 
 forks of Brandywine for liberty to have a meeting during 
 the winter season near William Marshall's, but it was no| 
 then granted. 
 
 At Chester Quarterly Meeting : 
 
 9, 9, 1719. — " Newark monthly meeting Layd before this mee,t|ng 
 the Request of the friends in the fforks of Brandywine of having a 
 meeting for worship Every other first Day and Every other fifth pay 
 which s* Request this meeting Doth allow Dureing the winter season." 
 
 3, 14, 1722. — " Newark monthly meeting acquaints this m^fting 
 that the friends in the forks of Brandywine request the privil$|^ge of 
 having their meetings in the summer time as they have had jt^em in 
 the winter which request this meeting grants till farther orde|r/' 
 
 3, 10, 1725. — " Newark monthly meeting lays before thi? meeting 
 that the friends of the forks of Brandywine request to have ^ meeting 
 every first day and fift day the preparative meeting week excepted 
 which this meeting after Consideration thereof allows of till farther 
 order." 
 
 In 1726 they were allowed to hold a Preparative Meeting. 
 The first meeting-house is said to have been on or near the 
 northeast corner of the land of Abraham Marshall, now of 
 Thomas Pennypacker. The present site was purchased 
 from Edward Clayton, by deed of 10th montli 10, 1729, 
 the trustees being Abraham Marshall, Richard Woodward, 
 Peter Collins, and Richard Buffington. Here a house was 
 built in what is now the graveyard, and stood until 1765. 
 The first house, which was of frame or logs, was moved up 
 from the Marshall farm, and used for many years as a 
 stable. A variety of testimony fixes the date of erection 
 of the present meeting house in 1765. On the 2d of 3d 
 month, 1788, the roof caught fire from n, defective stove- 
 pipe or fine, on a First-day morning, before the hour for 
 gathering, and the upper part of the structure was de- 
 stroyed. Snow was thrown in at doors and windows, and 
 the floor thereby saved, but it shows the marks of fire to 
 this day. It was repaired at once by William Woodward 
 for £115. The graveyard was walled by Joseph Cope, 
 about 1774, at a cost of £156. 
 
 WEST NOTTINGHAM MEETING. 
 At Chester Quarterly Meeting : 
 
 3, 11, 1719. — " Xewgarden monthly meeting acquaints this meeting 
 that our ffriends of Notingham Desires to have a meeting at the 
 house of James King, once Every Week on a week day, only that 
 week that the Preparative meeting is at Notingham, as also one first 
 day of the week in the month, which this meeting allows of till 
 further order." 
 
 9, 11, 1723. — "The friends of the west end of Nottingham having 
 had Liberty to keep a meeting at the house of James King every first 
 first day in every month now desires to have a meeting keept also 
 every third first day in every month for this winter season, which 
 Newgarden monthly meeting is satisfied with, to whom this meeting 
 gives Liberty to hold their meeting accordingly till further order." 
 
 6, 10, 1724.— "The friends of the west end of Notingham request, 
 with the consent of Newgarden Monthly Meeting to have a meeting 
 every other first day at the house of James Kings, which this meet- 
 ing allows of till further order." 
 
SOCIETY OF FKIENDS. 
 
 239 
 
 6, 8, 1726. — " Newgardcn monthly meeting lays before this meet- 
 ing the request of friends of West Notingham to hare Liberty to 
 build a meeting-house for their convenience, which this meeting after 
 Consideration thereof do allow the said Friends their request." 
 
 6, 14, 1727. — "Newgarden Monthly Meeting on the behalf of the 
 friends of the west end of Nottingham, request to have Liberty to 
 keep meetings every first day in the new meeting-house, which after 
 consideration thereof was allowed till further order." 
 
 In 1730 this was made a Preparative Meeting. The 
 present brick house is said to have been built in 1811. It 
 is on the Maryland side of the line. 
 
 GOSHEN MONTHLY MEETING. 
 
 Goshen Monthly Meeting was set apart from Chester 
 Monthly Meeting in 1722, the first meeting being held 2d 
 month 6th. At that time it included the particular meet- 
 ings of Goshen, Newtown, and Uwchlan, to which Nant- 
 meal and Pikeland were afterwards added by settlement. 
 The meetings were held alternately at Goshen and Newtown 
 for three years, after which it was seldom held at Newtown. 
 In 1736 it was held at Goshen 1st month (March) 15th 
 and 8th month (October) 18th, between which dates it met 
 alternately at Newtown and Uwchlan, which was occasioned 
 by the rebuilding of Goshen meeting-house. 
 
 In 1727 the time of meeting was changed from the 
 Sixth day of the first week in each month to the third 
 Second-day, except on special occasions. 
 
 At the close of 1762 the Monthly Meeting was divided, 
 leaving only Goshen and Newtown particular meetings 
 under the original name. To these were added Willistown, 
 Whiteland, and, for a short time, West Chester. In 1801 
 the place of meeting was changed from Goshen to Willis- 
 town. Since the division of the society in 1827, the 
 Orthodox portion have met at Goshen. 
 
 The following were the clerks prior to 1828, with dates 
 of appointment : 
 
 Richard Jones, 2, 6, 1722. 
 Aaron Ashbridge, 9, 21, 1748. 
 Thomas Massey, 8, 10, 1770. 
 George Ashbridge, 2, 11, 1774. 
 Joshua Ashbridge, 5, 10, 1782. 
 Bnos Thomas, 10, 9, 1795. 
 Abraham Pratt, 11, 6, 1801. 
 Jeffrey Smedley, 9, 11, 1807. 
 Elijah Lewis, 11, 6, 1812. 
 George Malin, 10, 28, 1818. 
 George Thomas, 10, 29, 1823. 
 George Malin, 12, 1, 1824. 
 Isaac Thomas, 12, 28, 1825. 
 
 Mary Ashbridge, 2, 6, 1722. 
 Jane Davies, 5, 15, 1728. 
 Elizabeth Ashbridge, 7, 14, 1747. 
 Hannah Ashbridge, 4, 16, 1753. 
 Phebe Trimble, 7, 17, 1758. 
 Hannah Hoopes, 5, 18, 1759. 
 Hannah Garrett, 11, 5, 1779. 
 Lydia Malin, 10, 7, 1791. 
 Amy Hoopes, 8, 5, 1796. 
 Rachel Malin, 2, 6, 1801. 
 Mary Hall, 12, 5, 1806. 
 Esther Garrett, 2, 2, 1814. 
 Mary Hall, 12, 29,1819. 
 Jane Malin, 12, 27, 1820. 
 
 SADSBURT MEETING. 
 
 Samuel Smith says that in 1724 Samuel Miller and 
 Andrew Moore made application, on behalf of themselves 
 and their friends settled about Sadsbury, for liberty to build 
 a meeting-house, which being granted by the Quarterly 
 Meeting, they built one in 1725, which goes by the name 
 of Sadsbury. 
 
 In 1722 a committee appointed by Chester Quarterly 
 Meeting visited Friends of Conestoga and Octorara, and 
 reported that they inclined to meet together. In 1723 it 
 was reported that at Octorara were some " of a contentious 
 spirit, and not worthy to be esteemed of our society." 
 In the latter part of 1723 " meetings" are mentioned at 
 
 both places, but they were probably of an informal char- 
 acter. 9th month 9, 1724, things at Octorara are reported 
 hopeful, and in the 12th month they desire a committee to 
 help fix on a site for a meeting-house. The committee 
 failed to settle the question, but on 9th month 8, 1725, 
 
 "This meeting being informed that those friends of Sadsbury have 
 agreed amongst themselves of a place to Build •■ meeting-house on, 
 which this meeting approves of." 
 
 The relation of the following letter to this subject is not 
 entirely clear if the meeting-house was built in 1725 : 
 
 "pFEiEND John Tayloh.* 
 
 " I have just now wrote to thee in behalf of an honest friend (Isnao 
 Jackson) and am now further to acquaint thee with another applica- 
 tion, made to me by one Simon Hadly, who represents that several 
 friends being seated near that place called the Gap, in Lancaster 
 County; they hope in a little time to establish a meeting there, in 
 order to which they desire some vacant Land near that place may be 
 secured for two or three friends that would shortly come and settle 
 it. I shall not undertake here to give thee any description of the 
 place but shall leave that to Simon himself, and shall only recom- 
 mend the Request to thee as fitt to be encouraged. I am 
 " Thy real friend, 
 
 "J. Logan. 
 
 " Philada., 23, 7, 1729." 
 
 The old Sadsbury meeting-house is on the edge of Lan- 
 caster County, but many of the members resided in Chester 
 
 County. 
 
 LAMPETER MEETING, 
 
 at first called Leacock, was established at Hattill Varman's 
 house, in Leacock, in 1732. In 1749 a new location was 
 found in Lampeter township, to which the meeting was 
 removed. 
 
 NOTTINGHAM MONTHLY MEETING. 
 This was established by the Quarterly Meeting held 3, 11, 
 1730, by division of New Garden Monthly Meeting, and 
 they agreed to hold their meetings on the third Seventh- 
 day of each month. 
 
 HOCKESSIN MEETING. 
 At Newark Monthly Meeting : 
 
 3, 2, 1730. — " Newark preparitive meeting signified that the ffriends 
 of Mill Creek Hundred in Newcastle County requests to have a week 
 days meeting settled amongest them which is Left to the next mo"' 
 meeting for consideration and this meeting appoints Abraham Mar- 
 shall Thomas Wickersham, Peter Ceilings, and Ellis Lewis to goe and 
 give them a vissit and make report of their senoe concearning the 
 above s* request to our next monthly meeting." 
 
 4 6 1730. "The ffriends appointed to give the ffriends of Mill 
 
 Creek Hundred n, visit in relation to settle a week day meeting 
 amongest them gives their sence in favor of their request with which 
 this meeting is fulley sattisfied that we grant them the Liberty to keep 
 a meeting at the house of William Cox upon the sixth day of the week 
 Every week untill further order.'' 
 
 2 30 1737. "Newark preparitive meeting offers to the considera- 
 tion of this meeting that Hooesion ffrds Desiers to have a meeting of 
 worship settled amongest them on the first day and week day which 
 this meeting aquaceseth with and offers it to the Quarterly Meeting 
 for approbation of said meeting with Desires that theire said request 
 may be granted." 
 
 The name of Hockessin was given to this meeting, that 
 being the name of an Indian town formerly near the place. 
 Among the early members were Henry IWxon, John Bald- 
 win, John Dixon, and William Cox. In 1738 a meeting- 
 
 * John Taylor, in his account-book, charges Caleb Pierce and John 
 Waltir for a deed for Sadsbury meeting-house land, Dec. 17, 1729. 
 
240 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 house was built, and enlarged in 1745. It is in Mill Creek 
 Hundred, south of Kennet Square. 
 
 WILMINGTON MEETING. 
 At Chester Quarterly Meeting, 12, 13, 1737 : 
 
 " Newark Monthly Meeting, on behalf of friends living in or near 
 Willmington do request that this meeting would give the said friends 
 liberty of keeping a meeting for worship on every first and fifth days 
 of the week which this meeting allows till further order." 
 
 BRADFOED MONTHLY MEETING. 
 
 This was established in 1737, with the two branches of 
 Bradford and Cain, and the first meeting was held 3, 19, 
 1737. William Pim was appointed clerk ; Richard Wood- 
 ward elder for Bradford Meeting ; William Pim elder for 
 Cain ; Isaac Vernon and John Cope overseers for Bradford ; 
 Aaron Mendenhall and William Pim overseers for Cain 
 Meeting. 
 
 This Monthly Meeting alternated between the two meet- 
 ings, and now possesses fuller records than perhaps any 
 other of equal age. 
 
 SADSBURT MONTHLY MEETING. 
 This was formed by the division of New Garden Monthly 
 Meeting, and comprised the two Preparative Meetings of 
 Sadsbury and Leacock. The first meeting was held 12, 6, 
 1737-8. 
 
 NANTMEAL MEETING. 
 
 At Goshen Monthly Meeting, 6, 20, 1739 : 
 
 " Some friends living in or near Nantmel Proposes to have a first 
 day & week day meeting Setled in a Convenient Place for friends there- 
 away to meet at therefore friends appoints John Williamson, Hugh 
 Pugh, Robert Benson, Lewis Lewis, Isaac Hains to go up and assist 
 the said friends in that affair." 
 
 7, 1 0, 1739. — " The friends appointed to assist friends at Nantmell & 
 thereaway in Uespect of setling a meeting of worship are Continued." 
 
 8, 15, 1739. — "The friends appointed to assist friends at Nantmel 
 A thereaway Reports that they met with the said friends upon that ac- 
 count and that the sii friends have not yet agreed upon a Place to keep 
 A settle their meeting therefore their Case is Continued under the 
 further consideration of this monthly meeting." 
 
 At Quarterly Meeting, 12, 9, 1740 : 
 
 "Goshen Monthly Meeting acquaints this meeting that several 
 Friends Inhabitants of Nantmeal and parts adjaoient have proposed 
 to have a meeting for worship settled at Nantmenl on the first and 
 fourth days of the week which this meeting after a consideration had 
 thereon do allow the said friends to have and keep meetings for wor- 
 ship as above till further order." 
 
 Nantmeal meeting-house is mentioned 8, 19, 1741. The 
 following were the suceessive overseers for this meeting for 
 several years: John Pugh, 1741; William Kirk, 1743; 
 Samuel John, Jr., William Kirk, John Williams, Thomas 
 Atherton, William Kirk, David Yarnall, and William Kirk, 
 appointed 6, 11, 1762, in place of David Yarnall, deceased. 
 Simon Meredith was appointed an additional overseer in 
 1759. The women overseers for the same period were 
 Sarah Kirk, Ann John, Jr., Mary Kirk, Mary Roberts, 
 Sibilla Kirk. 
 
 In 1781 a Preparative Meeting was established here. 
 8, 7, 1777, in answer to the second annual query, report 
 was made of " One new Meeting house built at Nantmeal 
 near the old one." In 1795 the members were excused 
 from their full proportion of contributions, on account of 
 having had their meeting house burned. For many years 
 
 past the house has ceased to be used for religious purposes, 
 and of late has been a harbor for disreputable characters. 
 Measures are now being taken to put the property, includ- 
 ing the graveyard, in repair, and to so preserve it. 
 
 WILMINGTON MONTHLY MEETING 
 was established in 1750 by division of Newark (now Ken- 
 net) Monthly Meeting. 
 
 WEST CALN MEETING. 
 At Chester Quarterly Meeting, 5, 10, 1756 : 
 "Bradford monthly meeting concurring with West Cain particular 
 meeting requests that the said particular meeting may be established on 
 record, They having by leave of the said mo. meeting held meetings 
 for worship at West Cain several years and are now preparing to build 
 a meeting house : Therefore Richard Jones, Tho^ Goodwin, Thomas 
 Downing, Will" Trimble, John Pierce & Benjamin Cock are appointed 
 to visit the said meeting and inform themselves whether they seem 
 likely to keep it up with reputation to Truth, and make report thereof 
 to our next Quarterly meeting." 
 
 This committee reported, 8, 9, 1756, that they had met 
 at West Cain "meeting-house," and thought the meeting 
 should be continued ; whereupon it was established. 
 
 WESTERN QUARTERLY MEETING. 
 In the year 1758, Chester Quarterly Meeting had grown 
 very large, and included the Monthly Meetings of Chester, 
 Goshen, Darby, Concord, Newark, Wilmington, New Gar- 
 den, Nottingham, Bradford, Sadsbury, Duck Creek, Hope- 
 well, Fairfax, and Warrington. The business being too 
 extensive to be dispatched in a reasonable time, it was con- 
 cluded to divide, and the subject was therefore laid before 
 the Yearly Meeting, which approved thereof. The Monthly 
 Meetings of Chester, Goshen, Darby, Concord, and Wil- 
 mington continued to meet under the old name, while the 
 others formed what was styled the " Western Quarterly 
 Meeting," with Londongrove as the place of meeting. The 
 first meeting was held 11, 20, 1758. 
 
 PIKELAND MEETING. 
 At Goshen Monthly Meeting, 1, 16, 1758 : 
 
 "Application is made by Uwchlan meeting setting forth that a con- 
 siderable number of ffrds families situate on the lower end of Pikeland & 
 thereaways are very remote from their or any other of ffriends meet- 
 ings, and that the said ffriends are unanimously desirous of having a 
 meeting established amongst them. Therefore, we do appoint Rich- 
 ard Jones, Thomas Goodwin, Thomas Massey, Amos Yarnall, Cad- 
 walader Jones, Thomas Lightfoot, &, Aaron Ashbridge, to pay those 
 ffriends a visit, & endeavour to inform themselves whether the pro- 
 posal be likely to bo of advantage to the cause of Truth and reputa- 
 tion of the Society, & report of their service to next meeting." 
 
 2, 20, 1758.--" The ffrd» appii to visit ffriends on the lower end of 
 Pikeland Ac, are continued." 
 
 4, 17, 1758.—" The fiVd^ app^ to visit Pikeland ffriends report that 
 they have visited friends on the lower end of Pikeland, Ac, according 
 to order, and do find that there are Eleven families of ffriends who 
 live remote from any meeting, & seem unanimous in desiring the 
 privilege of having a meeting Established among them, they having 
 also agreed upon a spot of Ground which we viewed & think may 
 well answer the purpose when a Title for it can be procured, which 
 they are endeavouring for. We are in hopes that if their request be 
 granted it may be of advantage in a religious sense, as it will greatly 
 ease them on account of travelling. Which being considered by this 
 meeting it is concluded to be laid before our next Quarterly Meeting 
 for their approbation." 
 
 William Lewis, Amos Davis, James Hancock, Elizabeth 
 Lewis, and Jane Coates were overseers of this meeting 
 
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 
 
 241 
 
 prior to 1762. In 1772 several Friends had removed 
 from the neighborhood, and the meeting was small, and it 
 seemed doubtful whether they could continue to hold one. 
 Joseph Starr, John Meredith, William Cooper, and Jona- 
 than Rogers were overseers from 1775 to 1788. In 1802 a 
 Preparative Meeting was established, and a new house 
 erected for its accommodation. 
 
 UWCHLAN MONTHLY MEETING. 
 This was formed by the division of Goshen Monthly 
 Meeting, and included the meetings of Uwchlan, Nant- 
 meal, and Pikeland. The first meeting was held 1, 5, 
 1763, at Uwchlan meeting-house. John Milhouse was 
 appointed clerk of the men's meeting, and Mercy Baldwin 
 of the women's. 
 
 STANTON MEETING, 
 in New Castle Co., Del., was first hold at the house of 
 Hannah Lewden, at Christiana Bridge, about 1772. 
 
 WILLISTOWN MEETING. 
 Benjamin Hibberd and Mary Garrett were married at 
 an appointed meeting in Willistown, 10, 19, 1769, but there 
 is no further evidence of a meeting held there so early. At 
 Goshen Monthly Meeting, 4, 9, 1784 : 
 
 "The ffrds who have usually held a meeting During the winter 
 season at Willistown, now Request, with the approbation of Goshen k 
 Newtown, preparative meetings to have a meeting settled there k to 
 hold a preparative meeting, which is left for further sollid considera- 
 tion." 
 
 10, 8, 1784. — " The Request for having a meeting settled at Willis- 
 town having heen for some time before this meeting, k there not ap- 
 pearing sufficient uniting in sentiment for it to Go forward it is Dropt 
 at present." 
 
 6, 8, 1787. — " The friends who have usually attended the Willistown 
 meeting Requests to have a meeting settled there, to be held on first 
 and fifth days, except the day before Goshen Mo. meeting which is 
 left under consideration another mo." 
 
 7, 6, 1787. — " The Request for having a meeting settled at Willis- 
 town coming under weighty consideration, k after much time spent 
 thereon, it is concluded to be laid before our next Quarterly meeting." 
 
 10, 5, 1787. — " The Quarterly meeting's committee on the request 
 for having a meeting for worship settled at Willistown attended here 
 k after a sollid conference thereon, the committee proposed having a 
 meeting with the friends who are to constitue s* meeting." 
 
 The committee having made a favorable report, the meet- 
 ing was established by the Quarterly Meeting held 11, 10, 
 1788, and in 1794 they were allowed to hold a Preparative 
 Meeting. 2, 8, 1799, Report is made that " A new meeting 
 house is built at Willistown, to supply the place of the old 
 one." 
 
 DOWNINGTOWN MEETING. 
 In 1784 a meeting was allowed to be held on First-day 
 afternoons during the summer, at a school-house at Mill- 
 town (or Downingtown, as it was then sometimes called), 
 and this privilege was repeated by Uwchlan Monthly Meet- 
 ing 1785-89. In 1795 and 1798 similar meetings were 
 held, and in 1800 an earnest effort was made to establish a 
 permanent meeting, but this met with opposition. Its ad- 
 vocates persisted in their efforts, and obtained an indulgence 
 of holding meetings from time to time until 1806, when the 
 meeting was established by the Quarterly Jleeting. It was 
 held at first in the school-house which formerly stood back 
 of Clara Downing's, between Uwchlan and Lancaster Ave- 
 31 
 
 nues. In 1807 ground was purchased, and a meeting- 
 house built. 
 
 WEST GEOVE MEETING. 
 
 The Jacksons, Micheners, Puseys, Prestons, and other 
 families having settled in this neighborhood, a meeting- 
 house was built, and a meeting indulged therein by New 
 Garden Monthly Meeting in the year 1787. The next 
 year the meeting was regularly established by the Quarterly 
 Meeting. 
 
 FALLOWEIELD MEETING. 
 
 The Bakers, Modes, Harlans, Trumans, and others hav- 
 ing settled here, had held meetings in the house of George 
 Welsh prior to 1792, by indulgence of New Garden 
 Monthly Meeting, and afterwards by Londongrove. A 
 meeting-house was built in 1794, and the meeting estab- 
 lished in 1795. 
 
 LONDONGEOVE MONTHLY MEETING. 
 This was established in 1792 by the division of New 
 Garden Monthly Meeting, and at that time contained but 
 the one Preparative Meeting, but this was perhaps the largest 
 one in the county. 
 
 CALN QUAETEELY MEETING, 
 composed of the Monthly Meetings of Bradford, Sads- 
 bury, Uwchlan, and Robeson, was established in 1800, and 
 the first meeting held 8th month 14th. Before this time 
 Bradford and Sadsbury belonged to the Western Quarter, 
 Uwchlan to Concord, and Robeson to Philadelphia. 
 
 MAELBOEOUGH MEETING. 
 This sprang from an Indulged Meeting in Richard Bar- 
 nard's school-house for some time prior to 1801, when a 
 meeting-house was built, and a meeting established as a 
 branch of Kennet Monthly Meeting. Several of the mem- 
 bers had belonged to Londongrove, and others to Bradford 
 Meetings. 
 
 DOE EUN MEETING. 
 
 In 1805 several Friends living in Londonderry were al- 
 lowed to hold meetings in a school-house there, and in 1808 
 a meeting-house was built, and a meeting established as a 
 branch of Fallowfield Meeting. 
 
 CENTEE MONTHLY MEETING, 
 formed by the division of Kennet Monthly Meeting in 
 1808, was composed of the meetings of Centre and Hoc- 
 kesson, at which places it was held alternately. 
 
 WEST CHESTEE MEETING. 
 In 1810 the Friends in this neighborhood proposed the 
 building of a meeting-house, but were discouraged by the 
 Monthly Meetings to which they belonged, and instead 
 thereof were allowed to hold meetings in a Friends' school- 
 house near by in East Bradford. This indulgence was re- 
 newed from time to time until 1812, in which year a meet- 
 ing-house was built in West Chester, though it does not 
 appear to have been occupied until 6th month 20, 1813. 
 After the division in the society the Orthodox Friends held 
 their meetings for a time in the east end of the house of 
 George G. Ashbridge, now of John Rutter. In 1830 they 
 built a meeting-house at the northwest corner of Church 
 and Chestnut Streets, which was opened 12th month 26, 
 
242 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 1830, and is now used as two dwelling-houses. In 1844 
 they built a neat green-stone house on a lot at the north- 
 east corner of the same streets. In 1868 the original 
 meeting-house on High Street was greatly enlarged to ac- 
 commodate the Quarterly Meeting and the increased atten- 
 dance. 
 
 EAST SADSBUET MEETING 
 
 was established in Sadsbury, near the Lancaster Pike and 
 Buck Run, about 1810. It was probably never very large, 
 and is not now held. 
 
 FALLOWFIELD MONTHLY MEETING. 
 
 In 1811, Londongrove Monthly Meeting was divided, 
 and the meetings of Fallowfield and Doe Run were made 
 to constitute a Monthly Meeting under the above name. 
 After 1828 the Orthodox members again became members 
 of Londongrove Monthly Meeting. 
 
 KENNET SQUAKE MEETING. 
 
 In 1812 a meeting was indulged at the house of John 
 Phillips, near and to the westward of Kennet Square. In 
 1814 a meeting-house was built at Kennet Square, and a 
 meeting established under that name. 
 
 BIRMINGHAM MONTHLY MEETING. 
 
 This was constituted of the meetings of West Chester 
 and Birmingham, and first held 12th month 7, 1815. 
 These meetings had been branches of Concord Monthly 
 Meeting. 
 
 WHITELAND MEETING. 
 
 A meeting-house was built in East Whiteland, and a 
 meeting held therein in 1816, being opened in the 11th 
 month of that year. It was not regularly established until 
 1818. In 1822 a Preparative Meeting was established. 
 The house is recently closed, and the membership trans- 
 ferred to Malvern Meeting. 
 
 SCHUYLKILL MEETING. 
 
 A school-house in this township, at the " Corner Stores," 
 was opened as a meeting-house in 1818. 
 
 NOTTINGHAM QUAETERLY MEETING 
 was first opened and held at East Nottingham Meeting, 
 5th month 19, 1819, and was composed of Nottingham, 
 Little Britain, and Deer Creek Monthly Meetings, of which 
 the two former were taken from Western Quarterly Meet- 
 ing. This is a branch of Baltimore Yearly Meeting. 
 
 PENNS6E0VE MEETING. 
 
 On the request of John Hambleton, Joseph Brown, 
 Nathan Sharpless, and others, New Garden Monthly Meet- 
 ing allowed them to hold a meeting at Joseph Brown's. 
 It was afterwards held at John Hambleton's, but in 1828 
 was transferred to the house of Samuel Hadley. In 1833 
 the meeting-house of Pennsgrove was erected. 
 
 CAMBEIDGE MEETING. 
 
 This was first held about 1825, but no particulars have 
 been obtained. 
 
 LITTLE ELK MEETING. 
 This was established in 1825, and a meeting-house built 
 the following year. It is the only meeting within our 
 county limits belonging to Baltimore Yearly Meeting. 
 
 HOMEVILLE MEETING. 
 
 Samuel Gatchell, Asa Walton, Isaac Glendenin, Mahlon 
 Brosius, William Brosius, with their families, and other 
 Friends, obtained leave to hold an Indulged Meeting in a 
 school-house of Asa Walton's, in Coleraine, Lancaster 
 County, in 1828. In 1839 the meeting-house at Homeville, 
 Chester County, was built, and the meeting established 
 therein. 
 
 LONDON BRITAIN MEETING. 
 
 In 1834 a number of Friends who had held meetings in 
 a house of Richard Chambers, in White Clay Creek 
 Hundred, purchased a piece of ground near Strickerville, 
 whereon they erected a meeting-house. The Thompson, 
 Chambers, Sharpless, and Passmore families were among 
 the principal members. 
 
 MILL GREEK MEETING. 
 In 1838, James Thompson and thirty-two other Friends 
 were allowed to have an Indulged Meeting at James Thomp- 
 son's house, in Mill Creek, Del. In 1841 a commodious 
 house was built, and the meeting settled therein as a branch 
 of New Garden Monthly Meeting. 
 
 UNIONVILLE MEETING. 
 This was made up of members of Kennet and London- 
 grove Monthly Meetings, and held under their joint care in 
 a house built about 1845. 
 
 ROMANSVILLE MEETING. 
 After the division of 1827 the Orthodox Friends re- 
 tained possession of Bradford meeting-house, and the others 
 built on an adjoining lot; but after some years this prop- 
 erty was sold, and about the year 1846 a house was erected 
 near Romansville as being more central. 
 
 KIMBERTON MEETING. 
 A meeting was opened here about 1857. 
 
 OXFORD MEETING. 
 In 1878 an Indulged Meeting was held at Oxford by 
 permission of Pennsgrove and Nottingham Monthly Meet- 
 ings. In 1879 a house was built and opened for use on 
 the 9th of Uth month. 
 
 MALVERN MEETING. 
 This house, fifty-five by thirty-two feet in size, was built 
 in 1879, of green or serpentine stone from the quarries of 
 Thomas White, in East Goshen. In the following winter 
 Whiteland Meeting was transferred to this place, and the 
 first meeting held in the new house on the 15th of 2d 
 month, 1880. 
 
 PROGRESSIVE FRIENDS. 
 
 About thirty years ago a number of persons, largely of 
 the Society of Friends, deeply impressed with the need for 
 more active exertions in the cause of humanity and moral- 
 ity, began to hold meetings for the propagation of their 
 
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 
 
 243 
 
 views, in which they were assisted by prominent philan- 
 thropists from other parts of our country. Slavery and 
 intemperance were two of the great evils which they deter- 
 mined to combat, but nothing which affected the condition 
 of society or individuals was thought unworthy of notice. 
 The name of " Progressive Friends" speaks at once of 
 their origin, and of their central idea of progress in what- 
 ever could benefit humanity. From the farm of John Cox, 
 in East Marlborough, a piece of ground was donated by 
 the owner, and here they erected 
 
 LONGWOOD MEETING, 
 where meetings were held weekly for several years. Since 
 1853 a Yearly Meeting has been held, at which have gath- 
 ered such well-known humanitarians as Luoretia Mott, 
 William Lloyd Garrison, Theodore Parker, Frederick 
 Douglas, Oliver Johnson, Charles C. Burleigh, Mary 
 Grew, Abby Kelly Foster, and a host of others from a dis- 
 tance, besides a large number of our own citizens. Many 
 of the leading questions of the day have been discussed, 
 and "testimonies" prepared expressive of the sentiment of 
 the meeting, to be published to the world. 
 
 In connection with the meeting a cemetery was laid out, 
 which promises to be a spot of more than usual interest in 
 the future. 
 
 THE SUFFERINGS OP FRIENDS. 
 
 The following paper, showing Friends' sufferings on ac- 
 count of their " testimony" against war, has been specially 
 prepared by E. Michener : 
 
 History informs us that during the early centuries of 
 our era Christians held it to be unlawful for them to fight, 
 and that the most cruel tortures, even death itself, could 
 in nowise induce them to do so. 
 
 It is also well known that the Religious Society of Friends 
 from its incipiency has ever borne a like "testimony" 
 against all wars and fightings and preparations for war ; and 
 they, too, have endured a full share of suffering, in person 
 and in property, for the maintenance of this " Christian 
 testimony," more especially during the war of Revolution, 
 and, strange as it may appear, right here in the " land 
 of Penn," whose great and noble purpose it was to estab- 
 lish a government where religious liberty and the rights of 
 conscience should be respected and secured. The pioneer 
 settlers in a large portion of Chester County were almost 
 entirely Friends, who had received their titles directly from 
 the proprietary. The purpose of this paper is to give a 
 brief notice of the sufferings of them and their immediate 
 descendants during the Revolutionary war. In doing this, it 
 is necessary first to consider how Friends view the practice 
 of war, in order to properly comprehend the grounds of 
 their " testimony" against it. 
 
 WHAT THEN IS WAE ? 
 
 War is a game of hazard, at which kings and rulers and 
 their courtiers play, leaving we, the people, to pay the for- 
 feits which they incur with our treasure and our lives. 
 
 Already the educational and financial resources of the 
 nation are profusely lavished upon the gamesters to fit 
 them for war ; already the richest emoluments, the highest 
 honors which it can bestow, are given to the warriors ; al- 
 
 ready the Western domain is made a camping-ground for 
 the new recruits, and Indians the targets for them to prac- 
 tice on ; already the candidates for almost any oflSoe, civil 
 or military, from a constable to the President, are fain to 
 rest the claim upon their military record. Such appears 
 to be war in the popular estimation. 
 
 But from whence come wars and fightings ? Come they 
 not even of your lusts, — the lust for power, the lust for 
 conquest and plunder, the lust for fame, the lust for re- 
 venge ? Divest war of its meretricious tapestry, its emol- 
 uments, its honors, and the halo of false glory which has 
 been thrown as a pall over its atrocities, and it soon sinks 
 into unmitigated, cold-blooded murder. Such I under- 
 stand to be the view which Friends take of war, and such 
 the evil which they testify against. 
 
 With the progress of the war the requisitions upon 
 Friends for aid in carrying it on increased. Under the 
 advice and direction of the Yearly Meeting, the Western 
 Quarterly Meeting, and the Monthly Meetings which then 
 constituted it (seven in number), each appointed a large 
 standing committee to attend to suffering cases. It was 
 made the duty of those of the Monthly Meetings, — 
 
 1. To advise, encourage, and assist their members when under 
 trial and suffering. 
 
 2. To collect and prepare accounts of suffering cases, and report 
 them to the Monthly Meetings. 
 
 3. To visit those in authority, to explain to them the principles 
 held by the society, and endeavor to convince them of their consist- 
 ency with the teachings of the Christ. 
 
 4. To meet once a month with the Quarterly Meeting's committee 
 in a general conference for consultation and united action. 
 
 This organization was continued, with occasional new 
 appointments, for eight years. The entire minutes of the 
 Conference, and many of those of the constituent commit- 
 tees, are now before me. It affords me pleasure to be able 
 to record the names of the Conference, taken at random, for 
 the year 1779, — men whose memories have come down 
 through the ages as persons of unblemished integrity and 
 undoubted piety. These are they who have been de- 
 nounced by men who " knew not Joseph" as Quaker Tories 
 and traitors to their country, because they chose to obey 
 God and could not violate their own consciences. They 
 held the sacredness of human life, and the sinfulness of 
 taking it away; they acknowledged the brotherhood of 
 men, and could not do violence to any by forcibly pulling 
 down or setting up governments. 
 
 THE COMMITTEE OP CONFERENCE. 
 
 Committee of the Western Monthly Meeting. — William Harvey, 
 Thomas Pimm, John Ferree, Amos Davis, William Jackson, Jr., Rob- 
 ert Moore, Benjamin Mason, George Churchman, John Millhouse, 
 Isaac Jackson, William Swayne, Samuel Sharp, Samuel England, 
 William Cox, John Jackson, William Downing, Ellis Pusey, John 
 Sharpless. 
 
 Committee of Kennet Monthly Meeting.- — William Lamborn, James 
 Wilson, Jonathan Gause, John Lamborn, James Bennet, Joseph 
 Walter, Jr., Thomas Gibson, John Parker, Joshua Way, James Jack- 
 son, Caleb Pierce, James Bryan, Christopher HoUingsworth, William 
 Phillips, Jr., William Walter, John Way, John Marshall, David 
 Grave. 
 
 Committee of Keio Garden Monthly Meeting. — Joseph Moore, 
 Joshua Pusey, Joseph Richardson, Daniel Thompson, William Miller, 
 Jacob Lindley, Thomas Millhouse, David Hoopes, Thomas Wood, 
 Thomas Woodward, Henry Chalfant, Isaac Jackson, Jr., Joel Bailey, 
 Joseph Pyle, Jacob Halliday, Isaac Pyle, Francis Lamborn. 
 
244 
 
 HISTOKY OP CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Committee nf Nottingham Monthli/ Meeting. — Abraham Bunting, 
 Joseph England, Joseph Harlan, Timothy Kirk, William Brown, 
 Benjamin Hough, Elisha Brown, William Haines, William Webster, 
 Jeremiah Brown, Richard Reynolds, Thomas Chambers. 
 
 Committee of SadBbury Month!}/ Meeting. — James Moore, Isaac 
 Taylor, James Miller, Andrew Moore, James Webb, John Cope, John 
 Truman, Abraham Gibbons, Joseph Brinton. 
 
 Committee of Bradford Monthly Meeting. — Richard Barnard, Sam- 
 uel Fishor, Thomas Baldwin, Nathan Cope, Abia Taylor, Isaac Coatcs, 
 Thomas Fisher, William Mode, Samuel Cope, William Iddings, Ed- 
 ward Vernon. 
 
 Committee of Duck Creeh Monthly Meeting {Del.). — Robert Halli- 
 day, John Barnes, Israel Ashton, Joseph Cowgill, Warner Mifflin, 
 Henry Cowgill, Ezekiel Cowgill, Baptist Lay, William Wilson, Isaiah 
 Roland, Fcnwick Fisher, John Dickinson. 
 
 Committee of Deer Creek Monthly Meeting. — Joseph Husbands, 
 Phillip Cole, John Wilson, William Cole, Benjamin Barnes. 
 
 Here we have one of the most remarkable, perhaps one 
 of the most important, incidents of the war. A committee 
 of more than a hundred stalwart members of the Society of 
 Friends, citizens of three several States, holding public 
 meetings once a month for eight years, encouraging and 
 sustaining their members to withhold their aid and support 
 of the war ; and visiting and revisiting, by committees, 
 many of the military and civil officers, not excepting Gen. 
 Washington himself, and memorializing the General As- 
 sembly for a redress of their wrongs. Now it is well that 
 we should consider. Were those men of peace, those fear- 
 less advocates of the rights of conscience, traitors to their 
 country ? Did the loyal authorities of that day consider 
 them traitors? Certainly they did not. Else why did 
 they not disperse those traitorous meetings and punish the 
 traitors ? Their not having done so affords an all-sufficient 
 and conclusive vindication of Friends against the aspersions 
 so often and so illiberally cast upon them by those least 
 competent to judge. Indeed, the visited received their 
 visits kindly, some of them particularly so, and most of 
 them acknowledged that the Gospel Dispensation called for 
 the disuse of carnal weapons. 
 
 About the period of George Fox, the arbitrary domination 
 of kings and priests over the liberties of the people seems 
 to have reached its ultimatum, and was suddenly brought 
 into conflict with a power more potent than its own, — the 
 revelation of Eternal Truth in the souls of men, enabling 
 and requiring them to patiently endure the pains and penal- 
 ties for obeying its holy requirements. 
 
 But the people do not sufficiently estimate the price which 
 has been thus paid for the civil and religious liberties which 
 they now enjoy. Nor can it be denied that Friends have 
 contributed a full share of their substance, their sufferings, 
 and their lives for the attainment of this desirable end. 
 
 If George Fox had not asserted man's primary allegiance 
 unto God ; if he had not maintained that civil and religious 
 liberty and the rights of conscience are paramount to all 
 human laws ; if innocent women had not been scourged 
 upon their naked backs, at the cart tail, through the streets 
 of Boston ; if Laurence Southwick and his sons had not 
 borne their ears to be cut off; if William Robinson, Mar- 
 maduke Stephenson, William Leddra, and Mary Dyer had 
 not sealed their testimony to the truth with their blood on 
 Boston Common ; and if William Penn had not published 
 " The Frame of Government for Pennsylvania," it is not 
 probable that Thomas Jefferson would have written the 
 
 Declaration of American Independence. " Coming events 
 cast their shadows before." 
 
 It may even be worthy of serious thought how far that 
 independence was achieved by the arms of the warrior, and 
 how far by the humble dependence on and hopeful " look- 
 ing unto God"' for aid and preservation by those patient 
 and persecuted ones who could in nowise seek to obtain it 
 by force, but whose constant, earnest prayer was, " Spare 
 thy people, Lord, and give not thy heritage to reproach." 
 
 One of the reports alluded to — " Read and approved at 
 New Garden Monthly Meeting the 4th of the 8th month, 
 1781, signed on behalf thereof, Joshua Pusey, Clk." — fur- 
 nishes the details of distraints made from the members 
 thereof during the preceding year, amounting to £1619 
 3s. ^d. From that report I have copied such distraints 
 only as were made within the two townships of New Garden 
 and Londongrove. 
 
 For the township of New Sarden £458 10 3 
 
 " " Londongrove 387 18 10 
 
 £846 9 1 
 
 This list is long, but its value is proportioned to its 
 length, and would be greatly impaired by further curtail- 
 ment. The demands were various, and sometimes made by 
 unscrupulous persons, without any show of authority, 
 hence distraints were often made in quick succession. 
 
 LIST OP PROPERTY DISTRAINED, Etc. 
 
 1. — By William Whiteeide, New Garden, from Wth mo. 1780 to 5th 
 mo. 1781. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 From Thompson Parker, a mare, a coverlet, and blanket 27 10 
 
 From Wm. McConnell, a cow and a heifer, 1 ton of hay, 20 
 
 b. of corn, 2i of wheat, 2 pair chains, a bag 16 9 3 
 
 From Hannah Miller, a cow, 4 y. cattle, 38 b. oats, 14 of 
 
 corn, 9 of rye, and 9 of wheat , 20 4 
 
 From Isaac Richards, a horse, 4 y. cattle, & 10 b. oats 27 5 
 
 From William Dixon, a mare 25 
 
 From Thos. Lamborn, 2 cows, 6 sheep, and 4 lambs 17 10 
 
 From Thos. Hutton, II sheep, 5 lambs, & 3i tons of hay 15 16 6 
 
 From Moses Rowen, a cow, a steer, & a bull, 2 b. wheat & 
 
 ba^, 4of oats, & a blind bridle, and a steer 12 19 6 
 
 From James Pyle, a bull, 9 b. oats, A 8 of rye 5 4 6 
 
 From Benjamin Hutton, a horse <fe a cow 22 
 
 From Joseph Hutton, a mare, 5 sheep, & 2 lambs - 23 15 
 
 From David Hoopes, 171bs upper leather, & 3 of harness 3 6 1 
 
 From Benjamin Allen, 2 cows, SO b. oats, & 20 of corn 23 2 6 
 
 From Joseph Hurford, a collar, hames, and ox chain 13 6 
 
 From Nicholas Hurford, 9 b. wheat 2 18 6 
 
 From Nathaniel Scarlet, a mare 18 
 
 From William Allen, 2 p^ chains, a collar, & hames 18 
 
 From Thos. Millhouse, a cow (for his son) 5 50 
 
 2. — By Joseph Bnffington, New Garden, 2d & Sd moa. 1 781. 
 
 £ t. d. 
 
 From Thompson Parker, 3 pewter dishes 13 
 
 From Wm. McConnell, a coverlet 1 10 
 
 From Hannah Miller, a horse 28 
 
 From Isaac Richards, li tons of hay 3 10 
 
 From Thomas Lamborn, 2 pewter dishes & 2 plates 1 13 
 
 From James Pyle, 2 sheep 17 
 
 From Joseph Hutton, 11 yds. blanketing 2 4 
 
 From Moses Rowen, 1 b. oloverseed & bag 3 15 
 
 From Isaac .Jackson, Jun., 4 sheep 2 10 
 
 From David Hoopes, 3 sheep 1 16 
 
 From Benjamin Allen, 1 ton of hay 3 
 
 From Nicholas Hurford, 2 sheep 1 10 
 
 From Wm. Allen, about a ton of hay 2 
 
 To these are added scattering cases by various authorities : 
 
 £ t.d. 
 
 From John Hadley, a cow, heifer, & 2 sheep 10 
 
 From Simon Hadley, a ewe & lamb, grindstone & spools 1 17 9 
 
 From Daniel Thompson, 16 b. wheat 5 4 
 
 From George Mason, 7 b. wheat 2 5 
 
 From Benjamin Mason, 12 lasts 12 
 
 From Benjamin Hutton, 14 b. oats 1 15 
 
 From Jeremiah Starr, 7 sheep 5 12 
 
 From John Chambers, by Wm. Price, 4 sheep 2 50 
 
 From Thos. McGee, 20 yds. linen, sheet, 2 table cloths, wallet, 
 yfts tow yarn, 4 pewter dishes, 10 plates, 2 porringers, 
 
 & a pint 6 3 2 
 
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES. 
 
 245 
 
 1. % James WilHamaon, Zondongrove, 12lh mo. 1780 lo bth nio. 1781. 
 
 From Richard Flower, a clock % g "q 
 
 From James Greenfield, a co^w, 296 cuts tow yarn." 8 9 4 
 
 From Samuel Sharp, a heifer '""' 590 
 
 From David Moore, 2 heifers, and a ton of hay....!!. 10 10 
 
 From Jonathan Lindley, 2 y. cattle, coverlet, blanket!' & 
 
 snoet ^ 9 6 6 
 
 From Jacob Lindley, 16 c. of hay !'"! 140 
 
 From James Lindley, 2 bridles, leather, a collar, saddle-bags! 
 
 <£ a backskin 4 5 8 
 
 From Thomas Millhouse, 4 sheep, & 18 b. oats!!!.!! '! 5 6 
 
 From James Way, 2 cows, a blanket A sheet !..!!!!!. 11 17 6 
 
 From John Jackson, 4 b. of rye, 42 of oats, & 15 of flaxseed 9 18 
 
 From Thomas Flower, 4 yds. linen 11 
 
 From Joshna Pusey, about 7 0. of flour, 4 casks, & a cow!" 11 12 
 
 From Eph. Wilson, 22 b. oats, 4 of rye, & 7i of corn 5 
 
 From William Allen, a cow 5 10 
 
 From William Chandler, Jr., 7i b. of oats, & 10 of corn!!!!!! 2 13 9 
 
 From David Harlan, 3 y. cattle 6 
 
 From Jacob Woods, a cow & 3 sheep '......'.'.."!!!!!!!!! 6 15 
 
 From Francis Wilkinson, 15 b. corn, 8 of wheat, & b'j of rye 7 5 9 
 
 From Joseph Richardson, a horse & blind bridle 18 2 6 
 
 From Josiah Lamborn, a cow, it heifer ! 7 
 
 From George Passmore. Jr., 20 b. corn .....! 3 10 
 
 From Thos. Wood, a heiCer, & 5 sheep 6 
 
 From Henry Hayes, a cow, and a bull !.! 7 
 
 From Stephen Cook, a large cow 7 10 
 
 From Francis Lamborn, a marc, 5 sheep, & an ox chain 28 7 
 
 From John Pusey, 2 milch cows, & 3 y. cattle 18 
 
 From Lewis Pusey, 6 0. of flour, & 5 b. wheat 7 
 
 From Hannah Miller, 2 milch cows 10 10 
 
 2. By William Thompaoiif Loudongrove, for Hemainders, 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 From Jonathan Lindley, 2 blankets 1 16 
 
 From David Moore, ]5i b. corn 2 12 6 
 
 From Eliz. Greenfield, 2 blankets, & coverlet (for son) 2 10 
 
 From Jacob Halliday, a cow 5 10 
 
 From Joshua Pusey, 3i c. of flour 3 3 
 
 From Ephraim Wilson, 18 b. of oats 2 50 
 
 From William Allen, a large cow 6 15 
 
 From William Chandler, Jr., 10 b. corn 1 15 
 
 From David Harlan, 3 y. cattle 8 10 
 
 From Francis Wilkinson, 8 b. of corn 18 
 
 From Henry Hayes, 2 y. cattle 3 10 
 
 From Stephen Cook, about 2 tons of hay 4 10 
 
 From Francis Lamborn, a cow 5 
 
 From John Pusey, a cow 6 10 
 
 From Hannah Miller, a cow 6 
 
 From Joseph Pyle, a mare 12 
 
 3. By Francis Williameon, Londongrove. 
 
 £ a. d. 
 
 From William Jackson, 10 b. of wheat 3 5 
 
 From Richard Flower, a cow 5 10 
 
 From Jacob Halliday, a cow, <fc 11 b. of corn 7 86 
 
 From David Moore, 15 c. of hay, a coverlet, & blanket 5 5 6 
 
 From James Miller, a bull 3 
 
 From James Lindley, a desk, stove & pipe, & iron stand 15 
 
 From John Jackson, a coverlet, <& 2 blankets 4 10 
 
 From James Greenfield, 3 y. cattle, (& 2 blankets 6 5 
 
 From James Way, a heifer, and 3 bbs. of cider 4 6 
 
 From Thos. Millhouse, 3 y. cattle 5 10 
 
 From Joseph Moore, 32 lbs. bacon, 14 of beef, 132 cuts of 
 
 tow yarn, A a table cloth - 2 11 4 
 
 From Joshua Pusey, a cow, 2 coverlets, & 2 blankets 8 17 6 
 
 From Ephm. Wilson, 6 b. rye, coverlet, blanket, 60 cuts tow 
 
 yarn 5 5 
 
 From William Allen, 19 b. oats, & 11 of corn 4 8 9 
 
 From Wm. Chandler, Jr. 224 b. of corn 3 18 9 
 
 From Jacob Woods, a bull, 10 b. of oats, a ton of hay 8 5 
 
 From David Harlan, a cow, & 11 b. buckwheat 8 5 3 
 
 From Francis AVilkinson, 22i yds. of fine linen 4 10 
 
 From Joel Morton, a hat 16 
 
 From Jos. Richardson, a cow, 2 hats, pr. boots, & blanket... 8 6 
 
 From Josiah Lamborn, a cow, and 5 sheep 8 10 
 
 From George Passmore, Jr., a heifer, <fc 3 c. of flour 6 14 
 
 From Thos. Wood, a cow, 2 blankets, 12i doz. yarn 8 76 
 
 From Stephen Cook, 15 b. of corn 2 12 6 
 
 From Francis Lamborn, a coverlet, and blanket 2 00 
 
 From William Chandler, a cow 6 
 
 From John Pusey, a colt, <t a cow 19 
 
 From Lewis Pusey, a heifer, and 3 c. of flour 6 9 
 
 From Hannah Miller, a coverlet, 2 blankets, 1 ton of hay... 7 
 
 In a memorial to the Legislature, dated 12th month, 1781, 
 and signed on behalf thereof by Joshua Brown, Benjamin 
 Mason, Wm. Swayne, Joshua Pusey, Richard Barnard, 
 Isaac Coatcs, Amos Davis, Samuel Cope, Wm. Lamborn, 
 they furnished a specimen of the sufferings of Friends since 
 the beginning of last year, that is, within two years: 
 
 £ e. d. 
 
 "From Abia Taylor, six horse creatures, nine cattle, six- 
 teen sheep, two swine, a feather bed, two casks of 
 flour, one hundred and twenty-five bushels of wheat, 
 and twenty of corn, rye, and buckwheat 234 1 6 
 
 " From John Boopea, Jr., four horse creatures, a yoke of 
 oxen, seventeen other cattle, thirty sheep, six swine, 
 a watch, and five sides of leather 283 15 0" 
 
 They then summarized the statement thus : 
 
 " Within one of our monthly meetings, hath been taken since the 
 year 1777, from about one hundred and twenty families, property to 
 the amount of £6108 199. lid. — rated at such prices as such articles 
 would generally have sold for." 
 
 Making, on an average, for each family, many of whom 
 were in straitened circumstances, an annual distraint 
 amounting to £25 8s. 8d, 
 
 But legislative redress of wrongs is often slow to come. 
 Not till eight years after did the Assembly establish a 
 Board of Appeals, and then only prospective and not retro- 
 gressive. 
 
 " Whereas, it hath been represented that gross abuses have been 
 committed in levying and collecting militia fines, and as such abuses 
 may still be continued. Be it enacted, etc., That the commissioners of 
 the several counties, or any two of them, shall have power to receive 
 all appeals, and to give relief and grant exonerations as justice and 
 humanity may require." (Passed March 27, 1789.) 
 
 YE OLDEN TIME COSTUME. 
 Eli K. Price writes : 
 
 "I much desire that the history of Chester County may carry into 
 the future a graphic view of what have been the characteristics of 
 that good body of Friends who inhabited it since the time of William 
 Penn. I see them, in my mind, back to the beginning of this cen- 
 tury. Then the oldest men were in the costume Benjamin West 
 painted them in the likenesses of his parents and others, and in his 
 picture of the treaty with the Indians under the elm at Shacka- 
 maxon, and as William Penn stands in front of the Pennsylvania 
 Hospital, but as taller men, for William Penn evidently derived his 
 figure to a considerable extent from his Dutch mother. The dress was 
 a body coat of ample material, with standing collar, cut single- 
 breasted, with one row of buttons covered with the same cloth, one 
 row of button-holes, the front of the coat being slightly curved, and 
 the whole falling to the knees; with waistcoat in proportion, with 
 pockets parting below where the buttoning ceased, and so deep as 
 partly to cover the lap, the openings covered by a flap, all of drab 
 color; then came the small clothes, buckled at the knees; and often 
 they wore buckled shoes, but on going out on horseback the high 
 fair-top boots were essential. The person was covered with a genuine 
 broadbrim, not rolled up nor standing out horizontally, but inclined 
 upward on three sides at an angle of forty-five degrees, and in a few 
 instances in the city looped up higher. But by the end of the first 
 quarter of this century signs of the leveling tendency of republi- 
 canism had set in ; the colors of the cloth became darker, and the 
 dignity of the small clothes and fair-top boots were sunk in the 
 trowsers. And what a let down was that! But the diminuant pro- 
 cess has continued. The brim is now narrower, the crown of the hat 
 higher; the coat is cut from a smaller pattern, is fitted closer to the 
 body, is more trim, but looks not so venerable." 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES. 
 
 The province of Pennsylvania was early attractive to 
 emigrants from other countries. It was recommended by 
 its free government, by the character of its fundamental 
 laws, its fertile soil, salubrious and temperate climate, its 
 adaptation to a rural population, with advantages for trade, 
 commerce, and manufactures. 
 
 These emigrants were from various parts of Europe. 
 They were not homogeneous, but were_ diversified by their 
 origin, religious principles, habits, and language. This 
 
246 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY", PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 diversity, arising from their different nationalities, divided 
 them into three distinctly marked classes, whose separation 
 was maintained unbroken for many generations, and is not 
 yet effaced. 
 
 It is a singular fact that the white races in Pennsylvania 
 are remarkably unmixed, and retain their original character 
 beyond that of any State in the Union. These distinctly 
 marked races are the English, the German, and the Scotch 
 and Scotch-Irish. Emigrants from other countries con- 
 tributed to swell the population. Among the choicest of 
 the early settlers were the Swedes, the Welsh, the Hugue- 
 nots, the Hollanders, and the Swiss ; but their numbers 
 were small compared with those of the races just men- 
 tioned, and their peculiar characteristics, through admixture 
 with the people of other nationalities and the mellowing 
 influence of time, are scarcely recognizable. 
 
 The associates and followers of Penn, known as Friends, 
 who were mainly of English descent, were among the 
 first emigrants, and settled chiefly in Philadelphia and the 
 country near it, embracing what is now Delaware County, 
 the eastern and central portions of Chester County, and the 
 southern parts of Bucks and Montgomery Counties. They 
 were an orderly, industrious, and law-abiding people, culti- 
 vating peace with all men. 
 
 The Germans, who came in large numbers, were of dif- 
 ferent denominations of Christians, principally Lutheran 
 and German Reformed, with some Mennonites, Dunkers, 
 Moravians, Amish, and others. They were orderly, indus-' 
 trious, and frugal farmers, peaceful and honest in their re- 
 lations and dealings, — a people that emphatically minded 
 their own business, and made continual accessions to their 
 wealth. 
 
 The third race were the Scotch and Scotch-Irish, who 
 constituted a considerable portion of the early settlers of 
 Pennsylvania outside of Philadelphia. 
 
 Chester County was settled by these three distinctly- 
 marked races, and their peculiarities are seen in their de- 
 scendants at the present day, and are readily recognizable 
 by those familiar with them. The American people have 
 become so used to the admixture of foreign elements as not 
 readily to notice peculiarities that are not conspicuous, but 
 the student of character can trace them still. 
 
 A fourth race, the Welsh, settled some portions of the 
 eastern and northern sections of the county, giving Welsh 
 names to several townships ; but their descendants are not 
 so distinctly marked, although their surnames are yet very 
 common in the townships settled by them. The people of 
 this blood were among the best who established themselves 
 in the county, and for intelligence and enterprise were not 
 excelled by any. 
 
 The Scotch-Irish were largely the ancestors of the Pres- 
 byterians of the present day, and before proceeding to give a 
 history of the churches of that denomination a brief account 
 will be given of the race and its peculiarities. And this is 
 the more appropriate as, beyond the fact that they came 
 from the north of Ireland, there is much ignorance with 
 regard to their history, which is yet one full of interest. 
 
 During the Irish rebellions in the reign of Elizabeth, the 
 province of Ulster, embracing the northern counties of Ire- 
 land, was reduced to the lowest extremity of poverty and 
 
 wretchedness, and its moral and religious state was scarcely 
 less deplorable than its civil. Soon after the accession of 
 James I., his quarrels with the Roman Catholics of that 
 province led to a conspiracy against the British authority. 
 O'Neill and O'Donnell, two Irish lords, who had been cre- 
 ated earls by the English government, — the former the Earl 
 of Tyrone, and the latter the Earl of Tyrconnel, — arranged 
 a plot against the government. Its detection led these ch ief 
 conspirators to fly the country, leaving their extensive es- 
 tates — about 500,000 acres — at the mercy of the king, who 
 only wanted a pretext for taking possession. A second in- 
 surrection soon gave occasion for another large forfeiture, and 
 nearly six entire counties in the province of Ulster were 
 confiscated and subjected to the disposal of the crown. 
 But it was a territory which showed the effects of a long 
 series of lawless disturbances. It was almost depopulated, 
 its resources wasted, and the cultivation of the soil, in a 
 great measure, abandoned. The state of society — such as 
 existed — was in keeping with the physical aspect of the 
 country. 
 
 It became the favorite project with the king to repeople 
 those counties with a Protestant population, who would be 
 disposed to the arts of peace and industry, the better to 
 preserve order, to establish more firmly the British rule, 
 and to introduce a higher state of cultivation into that por- 
 tion of his domains. To promote this object liberal offers 
 of land were made, and other inducements held out in Eng- 
 land and Scotland for colonists to occupy this wide and va- 
 cant territory. This was about the year 1610. The project 
 was eagerly embraced, companies and colonies were formed, 
 and individuals without organization were tempted to par- 
 take of the advantageous offers of the government. A 
 London company — among the first to enter upon this new 
 acquisition — established itself at Derry, and gave such 
 character to the place as to cause it to be known and called 
 the city of Londonderry. 
 
 The principal emigration, however, was from Scotland. 
 Its coast is within twenty miles of the county of Antrim, 
 in Ireland, and across this strait flowed from the northeast 
 a large population distinguished for thrift, industry, and 
 endurance, and bringing with them their Presbyterianism 
 and rigid adherence to the Westminster standards. They 
 settled principally in the counties of Down, Londonderry, 
 and Antrim, and have given a peculiar and elevated char- 
 acter to that portion of the Emerald Isle. 
 
 This was the first Protestant population that was intro- 
 duced into Ireland, and the Presbyterians of Scotland, who 
 thus furnished the largest element, have maintained their 
 ascendency to the present day against the persevering ef- 
 forts of the government church on the one hand and the 
 Romanists, by whom they were surrounded, on the other. 
 The first Presbyterian Church established in Ireland was 
 in the county of Antrim in 1613. 
 
 The province, in consequence of this influx of popula- 
 tion, greatly revived, and continued for some years to ad- 
 vance in prosperity. The towns were replenished with in- 
 habitants, the lands were cleared, and houses erected 
 throughout the country. 
 
 But it was a day in which the throne of Britain was 
 governed by bigotry and despotism. Persecutions of an 
 
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES. 
 
 241 
 
 oppressive nature began in Ulster in 1661, and every ex- 
 pedient short of utter extirpation was tried to break 
 down the attachment of the people to their Presbyterian 
 polity ; but, as is always the case, these persecutions only 
 attached the people the stronger to their faith. Many 
 ministers were deposed and forced to return to Scotland. 
 
 The tide, however, presently changed. Persecutions 
 ceased in Ireland, and the scene was transferred to Scotland. 
 The latter Stuarts, Charles II. and James II., blind to the 
 dictates of justice and humanity, pursued a system of 
 measures best calculated to wean from their support their 
 Presbyterian subjects, who were bound by national preju- 
 dice and had been most devoted to their kingly cause, and 
 to whose assistance Charles II. owed his restoration to the 
 throne. Sir James Grahame, better known as Claverhouse, 
 was sent to Scotland with his dragoons upon the mistaken 
 mission of compelling the Presbyterians to conform in their 
 religious worship to that of the establishment, and from 
 1670 until the accession of William and Mary, the Presby- 
 terians of Scotland worshiped in hidden places, and at the 
 peril of their lives. 
 
 Worn out with the unequal contest, these persistent 
 and enduring Presbyterians, having suffered to the extreme 
 of cruelty and oppression, abandoned the land of their birth 
 and sought an asylum among their countrymen who had 
 preceded them in the secure retreats of Ulster ; and thither 
 they escaped as best they could, some crossing the narrow 
 sea in open boats. They carried their household gods 
 with them, and their religious peculiarities became more 
 dear in their land of exile for the dangers and sorrows 
 through which they had borne them. 
 
 This is the race — composed of various tribes, flowing 
 from different parts of Scotland — which furnished the pop- 
 ulation in the north of Ireland familiarly known as the 
 Scotch-Irish. This term, Scotch-Irish, does not denote an 
 admixture of the Scotch and Irish races. The one did 
 not intermarry with the other. The Scotch were princi- 
 pally Saxon in blood and Presbyterian in religion ; the na- 
 tive Irish, Celtic in blood and Roman Catholic in religion ; 
 and these were elements which could not very readily coalesce. 
 Hence the races are as distinct in Ireland at the present 
 day, after the lapse of two centuries and a half, as when 
 the Scotch first took up their abode in that island. They 
 were called Scotch-Irish simply from the circumstance that 
 they were the descendants of Scots who had taken up 
 their residence in the north of Ireland. In language, habits, 
 tastes, education, history, religion, capacity, manner of life, 
 and general appearance they have always been distinct 
 from the Irish, and so distinct that a stranger traveling in 
 Ireland can pick out the Scotch communities with his eye. 
 
 It may be observed that the term "Scotch-Irish," although 
 expressive, is purely American. In Ireland it is not used. 
 There, in contradistinction to the native or Celtic Irish, 
 they are called Scotch. 
 
 These people, by their industry, frugality, and skill, 
 made the region into which they thus moved compara- 
 tively a rich and flourishing country. They improved ag- 
 riculture and introduced manufactures, and by the excel- 
 lence and high reputation of their productions, attracted 
 trade and coinmerce to their markets. 
 
 The government, however, soon began to recognize them 
 in the shape of taxes and embarrassing regulations upon 
 their industry and trade. These restrictions, together with 
 an extravagant advance in rents by landlords whose long 
 leases had now expired, occasioned much distress, and the 
 people were brought to a state of degrading subjection to 
 England, and many of them reduced to comparative 
 poverty. 
 
 Their patience was at length exhausted, and these ener- 
 getic and self-willed Scotch-Irish, animated by the same 
 spirit which subsequently moved the American mind in the 
 days of the Revolution, determined no longer to endure 
 these oppressive measures, and they sought by another 
 change of residence to find a freer field for the exercise of 
 their industry and skill, and for the enjoyment of their 
 religion. 
 
 Ireland was not the home of their ancestors, it was en- 
 deared to them by no traditions, and numbers of them de- 
 termined to quit it and seek in the American wilds a better 
 home than they had in the old world. 
 
 Accordingly, about the beginning of the eighteenth cen- 
 tury they commenced to emigrate to the American colonies 
 in large numbers. The spirit of emigration, fostered no doubt 
 by the glowing accounts sent home by their countrymen who 
 had preceded them, seized these people to such an extent that 
 it threatened almost a total depopulation. Such multitudes 
 of husbandmen, laborers, and manufacturers flocked over the 
 Atlantic that the landlords began to be alarmed, and to con- 
 cert ways and means for preventing the growing evil. 
 Scarce a ship sailed for the colonies that was not crowded 
 with men, women, and children. They came for a time 
 principally to Pennsylvania, although some of them settled 
 in New England, and others found their way to the Caro- 
 linas. It is stated by Proud, in his " History of Pennsyl- 
 vania," that by the year 1729, 6000 Scotch-Irish had come 
 to that colony, and that before the middle of the century 
 nearly 12,000 arrived annually for several years. In 
 September, 1736, alone, 1000 families sailed from Belfast 
 on account of the difficulty of renewing their leases. 
 
 They were Protestants, and generally Presbyterians ; few 
 or none of the Catholic Irish came until after the Revolu- 
 tion. The settlement of this latter class in this country is 
 comparatively of modern date. 
 
 The " Friends" of Pennsylvania extended a cordial wel- 
 come to the adherents of other doctrines than their own, 
 and so it came to pass that these immigrants turned their 
 steps toward the settlements upon the Delaware. 
 
 Extensive emigrations from the northern counties of 
 Ireland were principally made at two distinct periods of 
 time : the first, of which I have been speaking, from about 
 the year 1718 to the middle of the century; the second, 
 from about 1771 to 1773, although there was a gentle 
 current westward between these two eras. 
 
 The cause of this second extensive emigration was some- 
 what similar to that of the first. It is well known that a 
 greater portion of the lands in Ireland are owned by a com- 
 paratively small number of proprietors, who rent them to 
 the farming classes on long leases. In 1771 the leases on 
 an estate in the county of Antrim, the property of the 
 Marquis of Donegal, having expired, the rents were so 
 
248 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA; 
 
 largely advanced that many of the tenants could not com- 
 ply with the demands, and were deprived of the farms they 
 had occupied. This aroused a spirit of resentment to the 
 oppression of the large landed proprietors, and an imme- 
 diate and extensive emigration to America was the conse- 
 quence. From 1771 to 1773 there sailed from the ports 
 in the north of Ireland nearly 100 vessels, carrying as many 
 as 25,000 passengers, all Presbyterians. This was shortly 
 before the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, and these 
 people, leaving the Old World in such a temper, became 
 a powerful contribution to the cause of liberty and to the 
 separation of the colonies from the mother-country. 
 
 These Scotch-Irish emigrants landed principally at New 
 Castle and Philadelphia, and found their way northward 
 and westward into the eastern and middle counties of Penn- 
 sylvania. From thence one stream followed the great 
 Cumberland Valley into Virginia and North Carolina, and 
 from these colonies passed into Kentucky and Tennessee. 
 Another powerful body went into Western Pennsylvania, 
 and settling on the head-waters of the Ohio, became famous 
 both in civil and ecclesiastical history, and have given to 
 the region around Pittsburgh the name it so well deserves 
 of being the backbone of Presbyterianism. 
 
 The first settlement of the Scotch-Irish within the 
 present bounds of Chester County was made about the 
 year 1718. They gradually spread over the whole western 
 portion of the county, from Maryland and Delaware on the 
 south to the chain of hills known as the Welsh Mountain 
 on the north ; and the greater portion of the population of 
 this district of country at the present day are their de- 
 scendants. These early emigrants planted the Presby- 
 terian Churches at Upper Octorara, Fagg's Manor, Brandy- 
 wine Manor, New London, and Oxford, in this county ; 
 and these churches abide in strength to the present day. 
 
 This race, in energy, enterprise, intelligence, education, 
 patriotism, religious and moral character, the maintenance 
 of civil and religious liberty, and inflexible resistance to 
 all usurpation in church and State, were not surpassed by 
 any class of settlers in the American colonies. They were 
 a thinking people, strong-minded and capable. The hum- 
 blest of them could take up the great themes of govern- 
 ment and of religion and could talk intelligently about 
 them. 
 
 In the struggle for popular rights they were ever found 
 on the side of the people, and the maintenance of freedom 
 in religious worship was with them a cardinal principle. 
 
 Pennsylvania owes much of what she is to-day to the 
 fact that so many of these people settled within her bor- 
 ders. Probably not less than five millions of people in 
 America have the blood of these Scotch and Scotch-Irish 
 in their veins, and there is not one of them, man or woman, 
 that is not proud of it, or that would exchange it for any 
 other lineage. 
 
 " The first public voice in America for dissolving all con- 
 nection with Great Britain," says Bancroft, " came from 
 the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians." A large number of them 
 were signers of the Declaration of Independence, and 
 throughout the Revolution they were devoted to the cause 
 of the country. Such a thing as a Scotch-Irish Tory was 
 unheard of; the race never produced one. It was the 
 
 energy and devotion of this people that sustained the 
 army in the field in the many dark hours of that contest, 
 and which, under the guidance of Providence, carried this 
 country successfully through the struggle for freedom. 
 
 When the subject of the dissolution of all connection 
 between the colonies and the mother-country was before 
 the Continental Congress, it was John Witherspoon, a 
 Scotch Presbyterian clergyman, and a descendant of John 
 Knox, who is reported to have said, — 
 
 " That noble instrument on your table, which secures immortality 
 to its author, should be subscribed this very morning by every pen in 
 this house. He who will not respond to its accents, and strain every 
 nerve to carry into effect its provisions, is unworthy the name of a 
 freeman. Although these gray hairs must descend into the sepul- 
 chre, I would infinitely rather they would descend thither by the 
 hand of the public executioner than desert at this crisis the sacred 
 cause of my country '." 
 
 Words which were potent in securing the adoption of the 
 Declaration of Independence. 
 
 Many of the most eminent men in the nation are and 
 have been of this race. It has furnished five Presidents 
 of the United States, eight Governors of Pennsylvania, a 
 majority of the judges of this State, and a full proportion 
 of the legislators. State and National, and of those who 
 have occupied other high o£Scial positions. And in the 
 church, those of her blood may well be proud of the names 
 of those who have ministered at her altars and taught in 
 the colleges and seminaries of the land. 
 
 The race is also noted for its firmness, perseverance, and 
 undaunted energy in whatever it undertakes, and those 
 characteristics have aided in carrying it successively through 
 many a conflict. 
 
 Its character for firmness — perhaps it might be called 
 stubbornness — is somewhat facetiously but well illustrated 
 in the prayer of the Scotch elder, who besought the Lord 
 that he might be always right, adding, " For thou knowest. 
 Lord, that 1 am very hard to turn ;" or, as expressed in the 
 Scottish dialect, " Ye ken, Lord, that I am unco hard to 
 turn." This trait has held its own for centuries. They were 
 a people who wanted light on every subject, and informed 
 themselves and made up their minds, and after that it was 
 commonly about as easy to move the hills as to stir one of 
 them out of his opinions. They meant to be right, and 
 they meant to stick to it. Their tenacity of purpose was 
 remarkable. They came to their conclusions logically and 
 fairly, and had a mortal hatred of giving up. 
 
 Another characteristic of this people was their strong 
 individuality. They had opinions and convictions of their 
 own, and they had a way of holding them which was their 
 own. They took nothing second-hand. They were de- 
 cided, earnest, high-spirited, independent, and set in their 
 way, and not ashamed to declare just what they believed and 
 meant to do. They never kept any man in the dark as to 
 their political or religious convictions. The Scotch-Irish- 
 man must choose for himself. He never follows a leader 
 blindly, and in this respect diff'ers widely from his Celtic 
 brother of the same soil. His individual rigrhts must be 
 observed. In a regiment of a tliousand such men there 
 will be just one thousand men thinking, knowing, and 
 judging for themselves, and about as independent a body 
 as human history presents. 
 
PRESBXTERIAN CHURCHES. 
 
 249 
 
 ^ Another marked trait in their character was their face- 
 tiousness. Probably no people were so prone to look on 
 the humorous side of things, and this (rait is possessed in 
 a large degree by their descendants. 
 
 GREAT VALLEY AND CHARLESTOWN. 
 
 The oldest Presbyterian Church in Chester County is the 
 " Great Valley," in Tredyffrin township, where there was 
 a congregation as early as 1710, but which was not regu- 
 larly organized until 1714. That township having been 
 settled by the Welsh, this congregation was in its earlier 
 days largely Welsh in its composition, although there was 
 from the commencement a commingling of Scotch-Irish 
 and English with them. 
 
 It was first ministered to by Rev. Malachi Jones, who 
 preached to them until 1720, when the Rev. David Evans, 
 who had previously to the advent of Mr. Jones occasionally 
 ministered to them, became their pastor. In that year 
 (1720) a church building was erected which stood for over 
 seventy years. Mr. Evans was pastor about twenty years, 
 when, owing to troubles in the congregation, he resigned. 
 His education and attainments were of a high grade, but 
 he was an eccentric and high-spirited man, excitable, and 
 very vacillating in his course. 
 
 There is a tradition in the neighborhood that before 
 leaving, and stung by what had occurred, he announced he 
 would preach his farewell sermon. This drew a crowd, 
 expecting something sharp and spicy, and they were not 
 disappointed. In brevity the sermon took the palm from 
 Dean Swift's celebrated charity sermon. It was this : 
 " Goats I found you, and goats I leave you." The acerbity 
 which so uttered itself, however, soon passed away, for iu 
 two years he again addressed the " goats" as a church of 
 Christians. 
 
 The next pastor was Rev. John Rowland, who it seems 
 was somewhat irregularly installed, owing to the division 
 which then existed in the Presbyterian Church at large 
 into what were koown as " Old Side" and " New Side." 
 There was a strong opposition to Mr. Rowland, which in 
 1741 culminated in his being debarred from preaching in 
 the church by the "Old Side," who were in the majority in 
 the congregation. After his expulsion he preached for a 
 time to his adherents in barns and other places, until they 
 erected a church building for him in what is now Charles- 
 town village, the foundation of which was laid in 1743, on 
 land that was given by Job Harvey, a Friend. That was 
 the origin of the Charlestown Presbyterian Church. The 
 principal men concerned in the organization of this church 
 were David Humphries, David John, Grifiith Jones, Lewis 
 Martin, and Anthony Pritchard. 
 
 The next pastor of Great Valley was Rev. Samuel Evans, 
 a son of their former pastor, Rev. David Evans, who, had 
 left them so cavalierly. He was installed in 1742, and 
 served until 1747, and is spoken of as a man of de- 
 cided ability. After this the church was for several years 
 without a regular pastor, and dependent upon supplies. In 
 1753, Rev. John Kinkead appears to have been installed 
 and to have remained for a time. 
 
 In 1761, Rev. John Simonton was settled, and con- 
 tinued as. pastor until his death in 1791. He is said to 
 32" 
 
 have been a sound and judicious minister, but, being con- 
 stitutionally inclined to ease, he was neither animated in 
 the pulpit nor diligent in the discharge of parochial duty. 
 The leading members in 1761 were : 
 
 Isaac Davies, Thomas MoKean, Enoch Abraham, John Griffith, 
 Daniel Beaton, John Thompson, James Davies, David DavicB, Wil- 
 liam Hudson, John Christy, Daniel John, Isaac Abraham, Llewellyn 
 Davies, Thomas Waters, Thomas Harris, Hugh Reed, William Bell, 
 John Shaw, Hugh Frazer, Thomas Wilson, Robert Stevens, Erasmus 
 Lloyd, Jonathan Davies, and Joseph Davies. 
 
 The church was incorporated in 1788, the names of the 
 corporators being John Davies, John Christy, John Grif- 
 fiths, John Templeton, David Wilson, David Cloyd, John 
 Maxwell, Robert Todd, Thomas Harris, Matthew Neely, 
 James Davies, and Thomas R. Kennedy. During the 
 ministry of Mr. Simonton there were some differences in 
 the congregation growing out of the fact that members of 
 Scotch- Irish blood had become numerous, and in the dispu- 
 tations which arose with the old Welsh settlers there was 
 not always an agreement of sentiment. 
 
 Mr. Rowland, who, as has been seen, was instrumental in 
 the erection of the Charlestown Church in 1743, died in 
 1747. He was succeeded at Charlestown by the Rev. John 
 Campbell, who died in 1753. After his death the congre- 
 gation was dependent for a series of years upon supplies, 
 some of whom served them for a number of years, and 
 among whom were Rev. John Griffith, a Welshman, Rev. 
 Benjamin Chestnut, an Englishman, and Rev. John Car- 
 miohael, afterwards of Brandywine Manor Church. In 
 1774, Rev. Daniel McCalla was installed, and continued 
 until the breaking out of the Revolution, when he left and 
 became a chaplain in the army. 
 
 In 1791 the two churches of Great Valley and Charles- 
 town, after half a century's separation, united upon Rev. 
 John Gemmill as their pastor. In 1793 the Great Valley 
 congregation erected a new house of worship, which is 
 still in use. It has at' different times been enlarged and 
 improved. Mr. Gemmill was pastor until 1798. He was 
 a man of power, and of great popularity, and had a repu- 
 tation for eloquence which has survived him. 
 
 April 17,1799, Rev. William Latta became pastor of these 
 united churches, and so continued until his death, Feb. 19, 
 1847, a period of nearly forty-eight years. He was a fine 
 scholar, an earnest, effective, and instructive preacher, and 
 a public-spirited citizen. He was succeeded by Rev. Wil- 
 liam R. Bingham, who was pastor from Feb. 28, 1848, 
 until Jan. 3, 1859. The succeeding pastors have been Rev. 
 Robert M. Patterson, installed Aug. 25, 1859 ; Rev. Ed- 
 ward P. Heberton, from April 13, 1868, to Oct. 4, 1871, 
 and Rev. Samuel Fulton, who was installed Oct. 18, 1872. 
 
 The Charlestown Church separated from the Great Val- 
 ley on the resignation of Mr. Bingham, and in 1859 united 
 under one pastorate with- the church in Phoenixville. It 
 was subsequently united with East Whiteland during the 
 pastorate of Rev. John C. Clyde, and is now again con- 
 nected with Phoenixville. 
 
 In 1864 the congregation of Great Valley celebrated 
 their one hundred and fiftieth anniversary, on which occa- 
 sion Rev. Robert M. Patterson read a history of the 
 church. 
 
250 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 UPPER OCTORARA. 
 
 The Upper Octorara Church, in Sadsbury township, 
 one mile north of Parkesburg, was organized in 1720. 
 The prefix " Upper" was subsequently given to distinguish 
 it from Middle Octorara, in Lancaster County, and Lower 
 Octorara, now Lower West Nottingham. 
 
 Prior to 1724 it was supplied by Rev. David Evans and 
 Rev. David Magill. The first regular pastor was Rev. 
 Adam Boyd, a native of County Antnm, Ireland, who was 
 installed Oct. 13, 1724. Previous to this date a log church 
 building had been erected. Mr. Boyd was at that time 
 thirty-two years of age, and ten days after his ordination 
 was married to Jane, daughter of Rev. Thomas Craighead. 
 His original field of labor was quite extensive, and* em- 
 braced that now occupied by several congregations. 
 
 In 1741 the church was rent in twain by the" Old Side" 
 and "New Side" controversy, and a new church organized 
 by those of the " New Side," bearing the name of " The 
 Second Congregation of Upper Octorara," over which the 
 Rev. Andrew Sterling was pastor from 1747 to 17G5. 
 They worshiped in a church edifice which they erected on 
 the farm lately of Cyrus Cooper, now belonging to David 
 Parke, overlooking the Great Valley. During this divi- 
 sion Mr. Boyd continued his relations to the old church, 
 and also ministered to the " Old Side" portion of the Brandy- 
 wine Manor Church. In 1768 the divisions were healed, 
 and the two churches of Octorara became again one. 
 Mr. Boyd died Nov. 23, 1768, aged seventy-six years, 
 having been pastor for a period of forty-four years. The 
 stone covering his grave records that he was " eminent 
 through life for modest piety, diligence in his office, pru- 
 dence, equanimity, and peace," Early in his pastorate the 
 second church edifice, built of stone, was erected. He left 
 four sons and six daughters, and his descendants are now 
 numerous. One of his sons. Col. Andrew Boyd, was lieu- 
 tenant of the county of Chester during the Revolution. 
 
 In 1768, Rev. William Foster became pastor of the re- 
 
 nPPER OCTORARA PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, ERECTED 1709, TOliN 
 DOWN 1840. 
 
 united congregation. One of their first acts after the re- 
 union was the enlargement, in 1769, of the old church to 
 double its former capacity, making it substantially a new 
 building, and also the erection of a " session-" or " study- 
 house," as they were then called, which is still standing in 
 a corner of the present graveyard. The church edifice 
 
 which had been used by the '' New Side" was sold and 
 removed. An old graveyard still marks the spot where it 
 stood. 
 
 Mr. Foster was pastor until his death, Sept. 30, 1780, at 
 the age of forty-one years. He was evidently a man of 
 very superior mind, and was much esteemed by all who 
 knew him for his solid sense and unaffected piety. His wife 
 was a daughter of the celebrated Rev. Samuel Blair, of 
 Fagg's Manor, and he was a brother-in-law of Rev. John 
 Carmichael, of Brandywine Manor. Rev. Robert Smith, 
 D.D., of Pequea, the father of the celebrated Samuel Stan- 
 hope Smith and John Blair Smith, was an uncle of Mrs. Pos- 
 ter. During the Revolutionary war Mr. Foster was an ardent 
 patriot, and so obnoxious did he become to the British by 
 his zeal in the cause of the patriots that they planned an 
 expedition to capture him, but it was foiled through the 
 vigilance of his friends. Many of his descendants have 
 filled positions of prominence and usefulness both in church 
 and State, among them the late Hon. Henry D. Foster, of 
 Westmoreland Co., Pa. 
 
 Rev. Alexander Mitchell succeeded Mr. Foster in the 
 pastorate, and served from 1785 until 1796. He was a 
 scholar and a man of excellent mind, and social in his dis- 
 position, but as a preacher he was not popular. He died 
 Dec. 6, 1812, at the age of eighty-one years. 
 
 The following list gives the surnames of families con- 
 nected with the congregation at different times during the 
 last century. In this list of 82 surnames about 30 are 
 borne by members of the congregation at the present day : 
 
 Alison, Allen, Arthur, Boggs, Blelock, Bojd, Bojie, Bailey, Craw- 
 ford, Cowan, Clingan, Coehran, Copoland, Dickey, Davidson, Divan, 
 Dougherty, Filson, Fleming, Foster, Futhey, Forsyth, Fulton, Grier' 
 Gilfillan, Gardner, Good, Glendenning, Heslip, Hope, Hamill, Hen- 
 derson, Ilershberger, Irwin, Kerr, Kinkead, Kyle, King, Keys, Kil- 
 patrick, Liggett, Lookhart, Luekey, McAllister, McNeil, MoClure, 
 MoPherson, MoClellan, McCune, McKim, McWilllams, Mitchell, Mor- 
 rison, Moody, OBBcer, Parke, Pinkerton, Porter, Rowan, Richmond, 
 Ramsay, Robb, Ruth, Sharpe, Scott, Sloan, Sandford, Summeril, 
 Stewart, Smith, Stille, Thompson, Wilkin, Wiley, Wilson, Withrow, 
 Wentz, Wright, Wells, Wallace, Wigton, and Young. 
 
 After 1796 the congregation was without a regular 
 pastor until 1810, when Rev. James Latta was installed. 
 He remained in charge until 1850, a period of forty 
 years. The pre-sent church edifice was erected during his 
 pastorate, in 1840, and the graveyard enlarged, covering 
 the site of the former edifice. Mr. Latta died May 30, 
 1862, at the age of seventy-five years. The house in 
 which he resided had at the time of his death been the 
 residence of ministers of the gospel about one hundred 
 and twenty years. 
 
 The Rev. James Latta was a man of remarkable energy 
 and firmness in every good cause, and discharged with 
 i^ ability, high fidelity, and unceasing earnestness the duties 
 of the Christian ministry over fifty-two years. About the 
 year 1828 societies for the suppression of the vice of in- 
 temperance were formed. Mr. Latta, from the initiatory 
 movement, was an ardent friend and advocate of the cause, 
 and during the whole course of his ministry did all in his 
 power for its advancement. The community in which he 
 had his home bears upon every hand the clear and deep 
 traces of his life and character. None that ever crossed 
 his threshold can forget his cordial welcome, his graceful 
 
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES. 
 
 251 
 
 hospitality, or his genuine kindness, and there will long 
 linger pleasant memories of his warm and abiding friend°- 
 ship, and his ministries of sympathy. He was extensively 
 known, and so highly esteemed as a faithful Christian min- 
 ister that he became the centre of a very extended circle 
 of acquaintanceship. 
 
 Since 1850 the following clergymen have been pastors of 
 the church : Rev. James M. Crowell, from June 3, 1851 
 to April 14, 1857 ; Rev. Alexander Reed, from Dec. 8* 
 1857, to Oct. 1, 1864; Rev. John Jay Pomeroy, from 
 Nov. 14, 1865, to Feb. 9, 1875 ; Rev. William B. Reed, 
 from Nov. 3, 1875, to Oct. 2, 1878 ; and Rev. James A. 
 Marshall, the present pastor, since May 29, 1879. 
 
 The church has under its charge four church edifices,— 
 the main building on the old grounds, and buildings for 
 afternoon and evening services and Sunday-school purposes 
 at Sadsburyvilie, Highland, and Parkesburg. The present 
 membership of the church is about 350. Sept. 14, 1870, 
 it celebrated its sesqui-centennial anniversary, on which 
 occasion J. Smith Futhey delivered a historical discourse. 
 
 FAGG'S MANOR. 
 The region of country where this church is situated was 
 largely settled by Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, and from the 
 first the church has been a strong one. It dates from 1730 
 previous to which time those who organized it worshiped 
 at Upper Octorara and New London. The church edifice 
 is located in the northwest corner of what was called Sir 
 John Fagg's Manor, elsewhere referred to in this volume, 
 hence the name of the church. It was at first called 
 New Londonderry, from the township in which it is lo- 
 cated, but that name soon gave way to Fagg's Manor, by 
 which it has been known ever since. 
 
 The first pastor was Rev. Samuel Blair, who came from 
 Ireland in early youth, and was educated at the school of 
 Rev. William Tennent, at Neshaminy, Bucks Co., a school 
 which became widely known under the title of the " Log 
 College." He was pastor from 1740 until his death, June 
 5, 1751, at the age of thirty-nine years. All accounts speak 
 of him as a scholar and pulpit orator, and his fame has de- 
 scended to this day. He established a classical school at 
 Fagg's Manor, where many men who afterwards became 
 distinguished in life received their education. 
 
 Rev. John Blair, a brother, succeeded him as pastor in 
 1757. He continued the school which his brother had es- 
 tablished, and in both the church and school was eminent 
 and successful. In 1767 he became a professor in the Col- 
 lege of New Jersey, at Princeton, and removed thither. 
 
 Among those who were leading men in the church at 
 Fagg's Manor at this period were Job Ruston, James Coch- 
 ran, John Ramsay, John Love, John Smith, John Simp- 
 son, William Boyd, David Ramsay, Moses Ross, David 
 Simpson, David Fleming, Montgomery Kennedy, James 
 Gilleland, John Culbertson, John Caruthers, and Stephen 
 Cochran, Sr. 
 
 In 1775 the congregation erected a new church edifice, 
 which was their third building ; the second building had 
 been erected about 1742. 
 
 The church was without a regular pastor from the re- 
 moval of John Blair, in 1767, until Aug. 22, 1781, when 
 
 John Evans Finley was installed. He married a daughter 
 of Job Ruston, one of the leading members of the congre- 
 gation. Oct. 15, 1793, he resigned and removed to Ken- 
 tucky. 
 
 After Mr. Finley's removal there was a vacancy of sev- 
 eral years. Rev. Patrick Davidson took charge in Dec9m- 
 ber, 1797, but he remained only one year. The church 
 was then without a pastor until Sept. 9, 1809, when Rev. 
 Robert White was installed, and a new career of prosperity 
 was entered upon. His ministry continued until his death, 
 Sept. 20, 1835. Mr. White was a man of untiring zeal 
 and devotion, -and was eminently successful as a pastor. 
 His wife was a daughter of Rev. Nathan Grier, of Brandy- 
 wine Manor, under whom he had studied theology. Two 
 of his sons, Robert M. White and Nathan Grier White, 
 became clergymen. 
 
 Rev. Alfred Hamilton, D.D., succeeded Mr. White, and 
 was pastor from March, 1836, until May, 1859, when he 
 removed to Illinois. While at Fagg's Manor he maintained 
 an academy for young men, which he named " Blair Hall," 
 in honor of the brothers Samuel and John Blair. Dr. 
 Hamilton was a man of scholarly attainments and of ability 
 as a preacher, and was eminent for his social qualities and 
 amiable character. He was beloved by the children, and 
 was a welcome visitor in every house. He died in Chicago 
 in September, 1867. In 1846, during his pastorate at 
 Fagg's Manor, the present church edifice was erected. 
 
 The pastors of the church subsequent to Dr. Hamilton 
 have been Revs. Justus T- Umsted, from November, 1860, 
 to May, 1872, and Rev. William B. Noble, from October, 
 1872, to March, 1881. 
 
 The church has now over 400 members in full commu- 
 nion. On Sept. 16, 1880, it celebrated its one hundred 
 and fiftieth anniversary, when a history of the church was 
 read by the pastor. Rev. William B. Noble. 
 
 BOCK. 
 
 The Rock Presbyterian Church was organized in 1720. 
 The first house of worship was in Chester County, at what 
 is now known as the " Stone Graveyard," in Lewisville, Elk 
 township ; the second, erected by the " New Side," in 1741, 
 at what is called " Sharp's Graveyard," at Fair Hill, Cecil 
 Co., Md. ; and the third in the present location in Cecil 
 County, not far from the line of Chester County. The 
 church was at its organization called " Elk River," and bore 
 that and other names until about 1787, since when it has 
 been called the " Rock." The church having been origi- 
 nally located in Chester County, and since near the line, it 
 has always had many members in this county. The " Stone 
 Graveyard" contains a large number of graves. 
 
 NEW LONDON. 
 
 The New London Church was formally constituted on the 
 26th of March, 1728. It was composed of the northern 
 members of the Elk River congregation, now called the 
 " Rock," whose meeting-house then stood at what is now 
 known as the " Stone Graveyard," near Lewisville, in Elk 
 township. The separation actually took place in 1726, two 
 years earlier, when a place of worship was built and ar- 
 rangements made for preaching. There were difficulties 
 
252 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 attending the organization, upon which we have not space 
 to enter. 
 
 The first pastor was the Rev. Samuel Gelston, a native of 
 Ireland, who preached to the people for a time from Septem- 
 ber, 1728, and then removed to the Highlands of New York. 
 
 The second pastor was Rev. Francis Alison, who was in- 
 stalled about 1736 and remained fifteen years. In 1741 he 
 opened an academy, elsewhere referred to in this volume, 
 which he conducted until his removal to Philadelphia in 
 1752, to accept a professoi ship in the Philadelphia College, 
 now the University of Pennsylvania. The second church 
 edifice was built in his time, it is believed about the year 1744, 
 and, considering the sparseness of the population, its dimen- 
 sions — 63 by 38 feet — were remarkable, and it was probably 
 at that time the largest church in all the region. It had 
 arched doors and windows and leaden window-sash ; its 
 pulpit was, according to the custom of the time, in the side 
 of the house, and its pews were of various forms and pat- 
 terns and colors, according to the taste or the means of their 
 individual constructors. 
 
 After Mr. Alison's removal there was an interregnum, 
 which continued about twenty years. Several ineffectual 
 attempts were made to obtain a pastor, and finally the Rev. 
 James Wilson was installed, Oct. 15, 1771, and served 
 until Oct. 27, 1778, when he was released at his own 
 request. After his time the congregation were again de- 
 pendent upon supplies, either stated or occasional, for the 
 long period of thirty-one years. Among these stated sup- 
 plies were Rev. Samuel Barr, Rev. Francis Hindman, and 
 Rev. Francis Alison Latta, all of whom were called to the 
 pastorate but declined. Mr. Latta was a man of a fine and 
 well-cultivated mind, and during a large part of his life he 
 employed himself as a teacher. His last years were spent 
 at the Moscow Academy, in Sadsbury township, where he 
 died, April 21, 1834, at the age of sixty-seven years. 
 
 The next pastor was Rev. Robert Graham, who was 
 installed Dec. 13, 1809, and remained until his death, Nov. 
 5, 1835. Two of his sons, William Sloan Graham and 
 Walter Scott Graham, were teachers and successive princi- 
 pals of the New London Academy. None of the descend- 
 ants of Mr. Graham are now living. ' 
 
 The successor of Mr. Graham was the Rev. Robert 
 Patterson DuBois, who was installed Nov. 20, 1836. Mr. 
 DuBois is descended from a French Huguenot, who emi- 
 grated to America in 1660 for conscience' sake. His 
 father was the Rev. Uriah DuBois, the founder and first 
 pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Doylestown, Pa. He 
 graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in July, 1824, 
 and was for some years a teacher, and had charge of the 
 Chester County Academy, in East Whiteland township, 
 and then of the Doylestown Academy for several years. 
 He was licensed to preach in October, 1835. After a 
 pastorate of forty years, he resigned on Oct. 1, 1876, but 
 still resides at New London. 
 
 His successor was Rev. B. F. Myers, who was pastor 
 from April 24, 1877, to April 8, 1879. The present 
 pastor is the Rev. David R. Workman, who was installed 
 Oct. 23, 1879. 
 
 The present church building was erected in 1844, but 
 extensive repairs and alterations were made in 1858-59, 
 
 and again in 1869. The church has two outposts, erected 
 
 for occasional services and Sunday-school operations, one 
 
 at Auburn, built in 1836, and the other at Kimbleville,. 
 
 built in 1852. 
 
 DOE RUN. 
 
 About the year 1740, John Filson, William Hanna, 
 Francis Boggs, James Blelock, and others, residing in East 
 Fallowfield township and vicinity, erected a house of wor- 
 ship on the Strasburg road, in that township, and were 
 organized into a congregation under the name of the " Doe 
 Run Presbyterian Church." The building, which was of 
 logs, stood within the grounds of the graveyard as at 
 present inclosed. This was about the time of the division 
 of the Presbyterian Church into " Old Side" and " New 
 Side,'' and this organization belonged to the latter body. 
 They had supplies from the New Side Presbytery of New 
 Castle until about the year 1747, when the Rev. Andrew 
 Sterling became their pastor, in connection with the Second 
 Congregation of Upper Octorara, and continued in that re- 
 lation about eighteen years, when he resigned. He died in 
 August, 1765, shortly after his resignation. About the 
 year 1743 the celebrated George Whitefield, in the course 
 of his visitations in this county, preached at Doe Run, and 
 also at the New Side Church of Upper Octorara, and at 
 Fagg's Manor. 
 
 In 1768, Rev. William Foster became pastor of the 
 church, in connection with that of Upper Octorara, giving 
 Doe Run one-fourth of his time. In 1771 their second 
 church edifice was erected. It stood between the present 
 church and the graveyard, and was of hewn logs. 
 
 In 1785, Rev. Alexander Mitchel became pastor, and 
 divided his time between this church and Upper Octorara, 
 as Mr. Foster had done. His pastoral relation with the 
 latter church was dissolved in 1796, but he continued to 
 take charge of Doe Run until 1809, when the infirmities 
 of age prevented further service. 
 
 The church then had supplies until Sept. 29, 1813, 
 when Rev. Samuel Henderson became pastor, and served 
 until Aug. 9, 1814. Rev. Elkanah Kelsey Dare succeeded, 
 and served from May 13, 1817, until his death, Aug. 26, 
 1826, giving half his time, the other half being devoted 
 to Union Church, in Lancaster County.- The present house, 
 which is of stone, was erected in 1821. 
 
 The succeeding pastors have been Rev. Alexander G. 
 Morrison, from April 24, 1828, to Oct. 6, 1857, part of 
 the time in connection with Union Church, Lancaster 
 County, and part with Coatesville; Rev. John Wynne 
 Martin, D.D., from April 13, 1858, to Oct. 19, 1860 ; Rev. 
 John P. Clarke, from June, 1865, to April, 1868; Rev. 
 Thomas Thompson, M.D., from April 26, 1872, to June 
 22, 1876, and Rev. Robert E. Flickinger since June 5, 
 1879. 
 
 XINIONVILLB. 
 
 The Unionville Presbyterian Church was organized about 
 1829, and a church building erected, which has since then 
 been used for public worship. The congregation is small, 
 and at present without a pastor. 
 
 DOE RUN VALLEY. 
 The Doe Run Valley Presbyterian Church was incor- 
 porated Oct. 22, 1849, and a church building erected in 
 
PRESBYTEKIAN CHURCHES. 
 
 253 
 
 the village of Doe Run, which is used for public worship 
 in connection with the Doe Run Church. 
 
 BRANDYWINB MANOR. 
 
 This church, ecclesiastically known as Forks of Bran- 
 dywine, but called in common parlance Brandywine 
 Manor, constituted in early times a part of what is now 
 Upper Octorara. It was originally under the care of Rev. 
 Adam Boyd, but was organized as a separate congregation 
 in 1735, at which time a house of worship had been 
 erected. 
 
 The first pastor of the separate congregation was Rev. 
 Samuel Black, who was installed Nov. 10, 1736, and was 
 pastor until May, 1741. In the latter year occurred the 
 schism in the Presbyterian Church which divided it into 
 "Old Side" and "New Side," and this church became 
 divided, and a second house of worship was erected by 
 those of the " New Side." Rev. Adam Boyd ministered 
 to those of the " Old Side" from the separation until the 
 settlement of Rev. William Dean, which was about 1743. 
 Mr. Dean died July 9, 1748. 
 
 The churches were reunited in 1760, and called Rev. 
 John Carmichael to be their pastor. He was installed 
 April 21, 1761, and in the same year a new house of wor- 
 ship was erected. He was pastor until his death, Nov. 15, 
 1785. He was an eloquent man in his day, of ardent 
 feelings, and what he did he did with his might. 
 
 The patent for the church property from the proprieta- 
 ries was made to Matthew Robinson and John Smith the 
 younger, May 6, 1786, and they on the 18th of the same 
 month conveyed it to Rev. John Carmichael, John Cul- 
 bertson, James Moore, William Denny, Samuel McKinley, 
 and Francis Gardner, " in trust for a site for a house of 
 public worship, and for a burying-place for the congregation 
 of people called Presbyterians," etc. The church was incor- 
 porated Sept. 1, 1786. The first trustees under the char- 
 ter were Samuel Culbertson, John Culbertson, Nathaniel 
 Porter, Robert Smith, David Denny, Robert Lockhart, 
 James Dunwoody, James McClure, and William Ander- 
 son. 
 
 The successor of Mr. Carmichael was Rev. Nathan 
 Grier, who was pastor .from Aug. 22, 1787, until his death, 
 March 30, 1814.' (See biographical sketches of Mr. Car- 
 michael and Mr. Grier, in this volume.) He was succeeded 
 by his son, Rev. John Nathan Caldwell Grier, who was 
 pastor from Nov. 24, 1814, until April 14, 1869,— nearly 
 fifty-five years,— when, by reason of his age and infirmities, 
 he resigned. The pastorates of father and son together 
 extended over a period of eighty-two years. 
 
 The church building erected in 1761 was accidentally 
 burned, and was rebuilt in 1786, and roofed anew in 1827. 
 In 1839 the house, with the exception of the walls and 
 roof, was rebuilt and remodeled. 
 
 The church during this period gave of her strength to 
 new churches of like faith and order, and Honeybrook, 
 Coatesville, Fairview, and Downingtown were originally 
 largely composed of members who went out from her fold. 
 ■In 1835, after an extensive revival of religion, the number 
 of members was nearly 700. 
 
 Dr. J..N. C. Grier graduated at Dickinson College, Sept. 
 
 27, 1809. In college he had as a classmate James Bu- 
 chanan, afterwards President of the United States. He 
 was a man of great force of character, and this gave him A 
 very strong influence in the community, and secured him a 
 prominent and leading position among his brethren. In 
 1837, when the temperance reformation commenced its on- 
 ward movement. Dr. Grier espoused the cause, and brought 
 to its advocacy in his neighborhood all the courage, posi- 
 tiveness, and determination of his character, and naturally 
 lost for himself and congregation the support and friend- 
 ship of many who conscientiously held different opinions. 
 
 The pastors succeeding Rev. J. N. C. Grier have been 
 Rev. William W. Heberton, from Oct. 28, 1869, to April 
 8, 1873, and the present pastor, Rev. John McCoU, who 
 was installed July 24, 1873, but who had occupied the 
 pulpit from May 11th of that year. In 1875 the old 
 church building was torn down, and in that and the suc- 
 ceeding year a new one was erected, which is the finest 
 and most cogiplete and convenient church edifice of the 
 Presbyterian Church in the county. It is Gothic in all its 
 details, and has eight memorial windows. It was dedicated 
 Dec. 14, 1876. The building committee were William 
 Templeton, John Ralston, and Baxter B. McClure. The 
 location of Brandywine Manor is on very high ground, and 
 commands a view of the country for many miles around. 
 The graveyard, which had become well filled, has been 
 during the present year (1881) considerably enlarged. 
 
 A full and complete history of this church has been 
 written by Mr. James McClune, which it is proposed 
 shortly to publish, and to which the reader is referred for 
 fuller information. 
 
 OXFORD. 
 
 The early dwellers at Oxford seem for a time to have 
 worshiped in the churches of Elk River, New London, Not- 
 tingham, Fagg's Manor, or Upper Octorara, but as early as 
 1725 or 1730 they erected a house of worship for them- 
 selves on ground taken up for that purpose and still held 
 by the congregation. 
 
 In 1753 the church was organized, in connection with the 
 Associate Presbyterian Synod of Edinburgh, and was one 
 of the first churches' of that branch of Presbyterians in the 
 colonies. For a proper understanding of this history, it is 
 necessary at this point to look backward for a little and 
 glance at the causes which led to the introduction of a new 
 denomination into the colonies, and the organization of this 
 church in connection with that denomination. In the year 
 1733, Ebenezer Erskine, Alexander Moncrieff, William Wil- 
 son, and James Fisher protested against certain acts of the 
 General Assembly of Scotland, seceded from that body, and 
 formed, with their adherents, the Associate Presbytery of 
 Edinburgh. Their opinions gained favor with the people 
 both in Scotland and Ireland, so that in a short time one 
 Presbytery was " too strait" for them, and they formed the 
 Associate Synod of Edinburgh. In this country there 
 were some in full sympathy with this movement, and in 
 1750 a petition signed by a " respectable number from the 
 Province of Pennsylvania," asking for the " dispensation of 
 the gospel ordinances among them," was sent to the Synod 
 of Edinburgh. In answer to this petition, the Synod, in 
 1753, sent two ministers, — Rev. Alexander Gellatley and 
 
254 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 Rev. Andrew Arnot. The latter had a pastoral charge in 
 Midholm, Scotland, and returned thither after two years. 
 Mr. Grellatley remained in this country. These two mis- 
 sionaries proceeded without delay to the people who had 
 called for their aid. According to the authority committed 
 to them, they constituted themselves a Presbytery, under 
 the title of the " Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania," 
 subordinate to the Associate Synod of Edinburgh. The 
 principal settlements of the adherents to this body were 
 found at Octorara and Oxford. From the two churches 
 which were organized there Mr. Gellatley received a call 
 to become their pastor. He accepted, and made these 
 points the centre of his labors for about five years. He 
 then resigned the charge of the Oxford Church, and re- 
 mained at Octorara till the time of his death. He died in 
 1761, at Octorara, and was buried there in the churchyard 
 (now Middle Octorara Church, United Presbyterians). 
 
 The second house of worship at Oxford was probably 
 erected during the pastorate of Mr. Gellatley,; it was built 
 of hewn logs. We have no means of knowing the growth 
 or strength of the congregation during Mr. Gellatley's 
 ministry, but may infer that they increased in number 
 and financial ability from the fact that at the end of five 
 years they were able, in connection with Pencador, Del., 
 to assume the support of a pastor. In 1760 the following 
 persons constituted the session of the church : Samuel 
 Jackson, John Hawthorne, John Fulton, William Ramsey, 
 James Wherry, and William Ross. 
 
 Rev. Matthew Henderson, the next pastor, came from 
 Scotland in 1758. He settled at Oxford, preached also at 
 Pencador, and did missionary work at other points within 
 the compass of his ability. He remained in this field till 
 the summer of 1Y75, when he removed to the western 
 part of the State. 
 
 After the resignation of Mr. Henderson the congrega- 
 tion was supplied by Rev. John Smith. There was no 
 regular pastor till 1796, when Rev. Ebenezer Dickey was 
 ordained and installed in that office. Previous to this 
 event a union between the Associate Presbytery of Penn- 
 sylvania and the Reformed Presbytery (composed of Pres- 
 byterians usually styled Covenanters) was proposed, and in 
 1782 was finally consummated. By this union the Oxford 
 Church became a component part of the Associate Re- 
 formed Church, and remained in that connection for forty 
 years. In consequence of this change several members 
 withdrew from the church fellowship, and this agitation, to- 
 gether with that which pertained to the whole country after 
 the events of the Revolutionary war, brought a time of 
 trial and depression to the congregation. Of the particular 
 obstacles to progress and the efibrts to contend against 
 them we know little definitely, as the church records from 
 June, 1775, to May, 1839, are lost. Dr. Ebenezer 
 Dickey's pastorate extended over a period of thirty-five 
 years. He was an active and efficient pastor, an instructive 
 preacher, and a wise and good man. The church evidently 
 grew and prospered under his care. The third house of 
 worship built by the congregation was finished during the 
 early part of his ministry. In 1811 there were 72 families 
 in the congregation. The descendants of these compose 
 a large part of the present congregation, nearly all of the 
 
 old names having some representatives. During Dr. 
 Dickey's pastorate a union was ratified between part of 
 the Associate Reformed Synod and the General Assembly 
 of the Presbyterian Church, and the pastor and congrega- 
 tion of Oxford were brought under the care of the General 
 Assembly. This ecclesiastical connection remains until the 
 present time. A minority, however, withdrew, and formed 
 themselves into what is now the United Presbyterian Church 
 of Oxford. 
 
 Dr. Dickey was succeeded by his son. Rev. John Miller 
 Dickey, who entered the pastorate in May, 1832, and 
 remained in it till 1856. It is worthy of note that this 
 church was ministered to by these two men, father and son, 
 for nearly sixty years. The son was beloved of the people, 
 and seemed to be one of the prophets who had honor in 
 his own country. He was a man of earnest piety, intense 
 philanthropy, and lovely Christian spirit ; he gained a 
 strong hold upon the affections of the people, and received 
 great love and esteem as long as he lived. Shortly after 
 he became pastor the fourth church building was erected. 
 It was of brick, more commodious, and with better ap- 
 pointments than the former ones. The ruling elders at 
 the time of Mr. Dickey's installation were John Dickey, 
 Samuel Dickey, John Rudders, James Ramsey, Arthur 
 Andrews, James Wilson, Esq., and Robert Murdagh. In 
 1839, Samuel J. Dickey, Samuel Ross, Joseph Wiley, and 
 Ebenezer J. Dickey were added to the board of elders. 
 
 During Dr. John Miller Dickey's pastorate, extending 
 through a period of 24 years, there were added to the 
 church 410 persons. After his resignation he made his 
 home, for the most part, among the people of his former 
 charge. His death occurred in 1878. 
 
 After Dr. Dickey's resignation the congregation was 
 supplied for a short time by Rev. James D. Reardon. In 
 September, 1856, a call was extended to Rev. Caspar W. 
 Hodge ; he accepted, was duly installed, and remained till 
 the summer of 1860, when he accepted a professor's chair 
 in Princeton Theological Seminary. From November, 
 1860, until the summer of 1862, Rev. William R. Bing- 
 ham served as pastor. Rev. F. B. Hodge was ordained 
 and installed pastor in the spring of 1863. He remained 
 till the fall of 1868, when he resigned to take charge of 
 the church in Wilkesbarre. During his pastorate 175 
 persons were received into the church. In this period 
 a new church was erected upon the site of the old one. 
 The sum of $35,000 was expended upon this building. 
 The labors of James R. Ramsey, who was treasurer of the 
 board of trustees and an active member of the building 
 committee, are worthy of special notice. 
 
 In January, 1870, a little more than a year after the 
 removal of Mr. Hodge, the congregation extended a call 
 to Rev. Orr Lawson, then of Sunbury, Pa. This call was 
 accepted, and his labors began in March of the same year. 
 During the next year a fine bell was purchased and placed 
 in the belfry, and after a little time material improvements 
 were made in the basement of the church. The debt 
 resting upon the church was then, by earnest and persistent 
 effort, lifted. In 1871 the following ruling elders were 
 elected and ordained: Alexander McCormick, James R. 
 Crosby, John F. Dickey, and DeWitt C. Carhart. 
 
I I 
 I I 
 
 I' |l 
 
 I III 
 
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES. 
 
 255 
 
 During Mr. Lawson's ministry 365 persons have been 
 received into the church. The present membership is 
 about 450. This number represents a large proportion of 
 the population, and naturally gives to the church a con- 
 trolling influence in the community. Having the advan- 
 tage and the prestige of an old and established church, 
 this one has had much to do with moulding the opinions 
 and habits of the community. 
 
 NOTTINGHAM. 
 
 The Nottingham Presbyterian Church (formerly Upper 
 West Nottingham) dates from 1802. It was composed of 
 members of Lower West Nottingham Church, in Cecil Co., 
 Md., residing in Chester County, who, on the change of 
 location of that church, about 1800, rendering their at- 
 tendance there inconvenient, withdrew and organized the 
 "Upper West Nottingham" Church. A church building 
 was erected in 1802, which was enlarged in 1810. 
 
 Dr. Samuel Magraw, pastor of Lower West Nottingham, 
 was also pastor of this church until 1821. It was then 
 supplied until 1826, when it was connected with the church 
 in Oxford under one pastoral charge, and so continued 
 until the close of Mr. Bingham's pastorate. (See Oxford 
 Church.) 
 
 It then became a separate charge, and has had as regular 
 pastors Rev. William F. P. Noble, from November, 1862, 
 to July, 1863 ; Rev. Robert Gamble, from November, 1864, 
 to April, 1867, part of the time as a supply ; and Rev. S. M. 
 Pierce, from November, 1867, to November, 1868. From 
 then to Dec. 8, 1872, they had supplies. At the latter 
 date the present pastor. Rev. Lindley'C. Rutter, Jr., was 
 installed. 
 
 In 1878-79 a new church building was erected at Not- 
 tingham Station, and the old one is about to be torn down 
 and the ground included in a cemetery. The name of the 
 church has recently been changed to " Nottingham." 
 
 OXFORD UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 In the sketch of the Oxford Presbyterian Church it is 
 stated that that church, which was formerly in connection 
 with the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, came, 
 with its pastor, Rev. Ebenezer Dickey, into the Presbyterian 
 Church on the union of the Associate Reformed with the 
 Presbyterian body, in the year 1822. Some of the mem- 
 bers of the Oxford Church, however, refused to acquiesce 
 in the union, and organized a new Associate Reformed 
 church, to which the name of " East Nottingham" was 
 given. This church, in connection with Octorara Church, 
 in Lancaster County, of the same faith and order, called 
 Rev. William Easton to be their pastor, and he was installed 
 June 7, 1827. The East Nottingham congregation erected 
 a small brick church between Oxford and New London, 
 where the congregation worshiped until Dec. 14, 1851, 
 when a new building was erected in the borough of Oxford, 
 — that being deemed a better location, — part of the materials 
 of the old being used in its construction. On April 4, 
 1862, the house in Oxford was ready for occupancy, and 
 has since then been used by the congregation. Mr. Easton 
 continued in the pastorate until May 1, 1854, when he 
 resigned. On the removal of the church its name was 
 changed to Oxford. It is now, since the union between 
 
 the Associate Reformed and Reformed Presbyterian 
 Churches into a body called the United Presbyterian 
 Church, a member of that body. 
 
 Since Mr. Easton the successive pastors of the church 
 have been Revs. James H. Andrew, from Feb. 20, 1855 ; 
 E. T. Jeffers, from July 2, 1865 ; George A. B. Robinson, 
 from April 20, 1873 ; and Robert T. Wiley, from May 6, 
 1877. The church is now (1881) vacant. 
 
 WEST CHESTER. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of West Chester was 
 organized Jan. 11, 1834. Measures looking to that result 
 were commenced in April, 1831, when the Presbytery sent 
 Rev. William A. Stevens to cultivate the field. From the 
 year 1790 there had been preaching from time to time by 
 ministers of that faith, but there was no regular organiza- 
 tion. Mr. Stevens entered upon his labors, a congregation 
 was gathered, and a house of worship erected on the corner 
 of Miner and Darlington streets, the corner-stone of which 
 was laid on July 3, 1832, and which was formally opened 
 for public worship in January, 1834. 
 
 Mr. Stevens became the first pastor, but died Oct. 3, 
 1834. He possessed talents of a high order, and was very 
 popular. His life was blameless, courageous, and devoted 
 to his high calling, and his death was a great blow to the 
 infant church. 
 
 The next pastor was Rev. James J. Graff, who was 
 installed April 29, 1836. On the division of the Presby- 
 terian Church at large into the " Old School" and " New 
 School" bodies, this church became connected with the 
 latter, and so continued until the reunion in 1870. Mr. 
 Graff resigned in April, 1840. 
 
 The succeeding pastors have been Rev. John Crowell, from 
 June 5, 1840, to July 17, 1850 ; Rev. William E. Moore, 
 from Oct. 30, 1850, to April 9, 1872 ; and Rev. Benjamin 
 T. Jomes, from Jan. 15, 1873, to the present time. 
 
 In 1860-61 the church building was enlarged by the 
 addition of 25 feet, giving 40 additional pews, and at 
 the same time the whole was painted, frescoed, and refur- 
 nished. In 1871 the church was further improved and 
 granite steps laid in front; and in 1874 the position of the 
 pulpit was changed, the columns which stood on either side 
 of it taken out, the organ placed behind it, stained glass 
 put in the windows, and the entire church re-pewed. 
 
 July 23, 1876, the church celebrated its forty-third 
 anniversary, on which occasion Rev. William E. Moore, a 
 former pastor, then of Columbus, Ohio, read an elaborate 
 and interesting history of the church. 
 
 The church has outposts at Goshenville, in East Goshen 
 township, and Harmony Hill, in East Bradford township, 
 at both of which places neat and commodious houses of 
 worship have been erected. 
 
 The membership is now 455, ranking second of the 
 Presbyterian Churches of the county, Oxford being the 
 largest and Fagg's Manor the third. 
 
 DILWORTHTOWN. 
 
 This church was gathered through the efforts of the 
 Presbyterian Church in West Chester. A church building 
 was erected in 1877, and a church organized in April, 1878. 
 
256 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY", PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Rev. Hector Alexander McLean was pastor from Sept. 9, 
 1878, to Feb. 24, 1881, and Rev. Joel S. Gilfillan, his suc- 
 cessor, was chosen in April, 1881. 
 
 COATBSVILLB. 
 
 In the spring of 1831 an effort was made to erect a house 
 of worship in the village of Coatcsville. The school-house, 
 in which all denominations were accustomed to hold re- 
 ligious services, had become too small for the accommoda- 
 tion of the congregations that usually met for public wor- 
 ship, and no one sect felt itself strong enough to undertake 
 the erection of a suitable building exclusively for religious 
 purposes. A public meeting of the citizens of Coatesville 
 and vicinity who felt an interest in the enterprise was held 
 in the school-house, which then occupied the ground on 
 which the Baptist church now stands, and it was agreed that 
 a united effort be made to secure a lot, and to erect thereon 
 such a building as would meet the wants of the people for 
 public religious services. Ezekiel Rambo, Joseph Miller, 
 George P. Lauer, Solomon Lukens, and Joseph Gardner 
 were appointed a committee to solicit subscriptions for the 
 purpose above named. According to the terms of sub- 
 scription, the building to be erected was to be used in com- 
 mon by preachers in good standing belonging to the Pres- 
 byterian, Baptist, Friends, Episcopal, and Methodist de- 
 nominations. The ground on which the Presbyterian 
 church now stands was secured, and the first building 
 erected upon it was finished in the spring of 1832. The 
 property was deeded to Thomas H. Gardner, Jesse Coates, 
 M.D., and Benjamin L Miller, for the use and benefit of 
 the subscribers. 
 
 The subscribers, according to public notice, met on May 
 12, 1832, and adopted a constitution of twelve articles, 
 which speak well for their religious sentiments and ortho- 
 doxy. The " meeting-house," as it was called, was not to be 
 used by every one calling himself a minister, for Article 
 VIII. of the constitution says, — 
 
 " No stranger shall be allowed the use of the meeting-house un- 
 less one or more of the trustees shall have good testimony that he is 
 an authorized minister in good standing, belonging to one of the 
 above-named Christian denominations." 
 
 A number of the subscribers believed in a free gnspel, and 
 in their constitution ample provision was made for carry- 
 ing out practically their belief, as Article IX. says, — 
 
 "No minister shall receive a stated salary for preaching in this 
 meeting-house, nor shall any collections be taken up in it for any 
 purpose, except to defray the incidental expenses pertaining to the 
 house.'* 
 
 At a meeting of the subscribers, held Sept. 23, 1838, 
 the above clause was stricken from the constitution by a 
 majority of more than two-thirds. 
 
 The subscribers found their plan of a union meeting- 
 house to be impracticable, and concluded to dispose of the 
 property. An act of Assembly was passed June 23, 1842, 
 authorizing the trustees to sell it to the Presbyterians, pro- 
 vided they repaid, within one year from the passage of 
 the act, such of the original subscriptions as should be 
 called for within six months. This was done, and on Sept. 
 20, 1843, the property was conveyed to the Piesbyterian 
 Church of Coatesville. 
 
 The Presbyterian congregation in 1849 took down the 
 old building and erected another, 43 by 55 'feet. A bell 
 was placed thereon Oct. 24, 1856. In 1866-67 the bvdld- 
 ing was enlarged to its present size. Since then other im- 
 provements have been made at considerable expense. In 
 October, 1870, a dwelling-house. No. 223 Chestnut Street, 
 was purchased as a residence for the pastor. In 1877 a 
 neat stone chapel was erected by the congregation at Rock 
 Run for Sabbath-school and other religious purposes. At 
 the present time (1881) the church owes no debt, and 
 owns property worth $20,000. 
 
 The meeting-house was one of the preaching-places of 
 the Rev. Alexander G. Morrison, who was pastor of the 
 Doe Run and Union Churches. Through his labors the 
 Presbyterian cause advanced so that application was made 
 to the Presbytery of New Castle as early as Dec. 5, 1832, 
 for the organization of a Presbyterian Church in Coates- 
 ville. A committee was appointed, who met and organized 
 the church, Sept. 4, 1833. The church began its career 
 with 21 members. Last year (1880) it reported a member- 
 ship of 287. 
 
 The first pastor of the church was the Rev. Alexander 
 Gamble Morrison. He was born in Coleraine, Lancaster 
 Co., Sept. 13, 1798. Until he was about twenty-one years 
 of age he assisted his father in the work of a farmer and 
 miller. His studies preparatory to the ministry were com- 
 menced in the vicinity of his own home, and completed in 
 the Theological Seminary of Princeton, N. J. He was 
 licensed to preach April 5, 1826, by the Presbytery of New 
 Castle. April 24, 1828, he accepted a call from the Doe 
 Run Church, and was ordained and installed the pastor of 
 that congregation, and in November of the same year was 
 installed pastor of the Union Presbyterian Church of Lan- 
 caster County. These two churches are about eighteen 
 miles apart, and for about six years Mr. Morrison sustained 
 the relation of pastor to them both. Once at least in every 
 two weeks, and oftener as duty called, the long miles be- 
 tween these two points were regularly traveled twice over. 
 Through storm and sunshine, mud and dust, cold and heat, 
 rain, snow, and frost, he kept his appointments. Besides 
 preaching in these churches regularly, he also had stated 
 appointments in school-houses within the bounds of these 
 congregations. As a result of his labors the Coatesville 
 Church was gathered and organized. At a meeting of 
 Presbytery, held April 1, 1834, a call from the Coatesville 
 Church, asking for the ministerial services of Mr. Mor- 
 rison for one-half of his titne, was placed in his hands and 
 accepted by him. He then resigned the pastoral charge 
 of the Union Church, and was installed pastor of the 
 Coatesville Church, April 23, 1834. For twenty-three 
 years he continued to serve these two churches. On April 
 14, 1857, an application was made to Mr. Morrisouj 
 through the Presbytery, from the Coatesville Church for 
 his entire time. Presbytery granted the request at its next 
 meeting, in October following. The pastoral relation which 
 had existed between him and the Doe Run Church was 
 then dissolved, and he continued to be the pastor of Coates- 
 ville Church until his death. Under his ministry the con- 
 gregation increased in size, and in every way the church 
 prospered. When his health began to fail the congrega- 
 
PEESBYTERIAN CHUllCIIES. 
 
 257 
 
 tion, on June 19, 1867, voted him a rest of six months, 
 supplied the pulpit, and paid him his regular salary. Find- 
 ing that his usual health did not return to him, and not 
 wishing to stand in the way of the prosperity of the church, 
 he offered his resignation to the congregation, Sept. 28, 
 1867. But, to the great credit of the people, instead of 
 accepting his resignation, they unanimously decided to re- 
 quest him to continue to be their pastor, released from all 
 work, and agreed to get a younger man as an associate pas- 
 tor, and to pay Mr. Morrison a salary of $300 as long as 
 he lived. Mr. Morrison accepted the oiFer, and the congre- 
 gation fulfilled its promise to the letter. Thus he lived and 
 died among the people whom he had served as a minister 
 for nearly thirty-three years. His death took place Oct. 
 27, 1870. At his own request, he was buried in Fairview 
 Cemetery, and his was the first body laid in that silent city 
 of the dead. 
 
 Rev. James Roberts, the second pastor, was born in 
 Montrose, Scotland. He came to this country when a boy. 
 He graduated at Lafoyette College in the class of 1865, 
 and at Princeton Theological Seminary in May, 1868. He 
 was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of New Castle, 
 April, 1867. During the season of rest given to Mr. 
 Morrison he was invited, while yet in Princeton Seminary, 
 to supply the pulpit of the Coatesville Church. He ac- 
 cepted the invitation, and preached for the congregation for 
 the first time Oct. 6, 1867. He was called to the pastor- 
 ate of the church Jan. 15, 1868, and entered upon his 
 labors at the close of his seminary couise, May 9, 1868. 
 He was ordained and installed May 28, 1868. For twelve 
 years he has been stated clerk of the Presbytery, and is 
 now permanent clerk of the Synod of Philadelphia. During 
 his ministry the church has enjoyed a good degree of pros- 
 perity in all its departments of Christian work. He has 
 received into the church 397 members, baptized 113 
 children and 143 adults, and united in marriage 123 
 couples. Though by no means the oldest minister, he en- 
 joys the honor of being the oldest settled Presbyterian pas- 
 tor in the counties of Chester and Delaware. 
 
 HONBTBROOK. 
 
 The Honeybrook Presbyterian Church was formed by 
 members of Brandywine Manor. The latter congregation 
 having in 1835 become very large, it was resolved to erect 
 a new church in the village of Waynesburg, and thus 
 lessen the size of the mother-church, while accommodating 
 the community residing in and near the new location. A 
 church edifice was erected iu that year, and the congrega- 
 tion organized Nov. 28, 1835. 
 
 The first pastor was Rev. William JV. Latta, who, after 
 preaching there one year as stated supply, was installed 
 May 9, 1837. The church was incorporated by act of 
 Assembly, April 16, 1840. A new edifice, in a diiferont 
 location from the first, was erected in 1851. Mr. Latta 
 resigned in 1858 and removed to Philadelphia, where he 
 has since been engaged in teaching. He was succeeded by 
 Rev. John C. Thom, who was pastor from May 19, 1859, 
 to September, 1865, when he removed to St. Louis to take 
 charge of a church there, but he died Nov. 28, 1865, be- 
 fore the day fixed for his installation. Mr. Thom was a 
 33 
 
 man of intense earnestness and of sterling qualities, and 
 he was very popular with the people. His biography has 
 been published. 
 
 The succeeding pastors have been Rev. J. H. Young, 
 from 1866 to Feb. 7, 1869, — a more than oi-dinary ser- 
 monizer, proverbial for his readiness of speech, quick- 
 wittedness, promptness at retort, and keen satire ; Rev. 
 William A. Ferguson, from Oct. 29, 1869, to Oct. 3, 1871 ; 
 and Rov. W. W. Totheroh, from Oct. 31, 1872, to the 
 present time. 
 
 In 1874 the church edifice was greatly improved, 
 making it one of the most commodious churches in the 
 county. The present membership is 275. 
 
 FAIRVIEW (FORMERLY WEST NANTMBAL). 
 
 The West Nantraeal Presbyterian Church dates from 
 1839. Those constituting it had been members of the 
 Brandywine Manor Church, and many of them residing at 
 a distance from that church, it was deemed in that year a 
 fitting time to efi"ect a new organization. The first build- 
 ing was erected on land given by James Todd, and the 
 church was organized Jan. 1, 1840, by the New School 
 Presbylcry, called the Third Presbytery of Philadelphia, 
 with which it formed a connection. 
 
 Among those who were prominent at the inception of 
 the enterprise were John McClure, Joseph McClure, Wil- 
 liam E. Lewis, James Moore, Thomas Brown, James Todd, 
 Richard Walker, Daniel Henderson, Sr., Samuel and Wil- 
 liam Henderson. 
 
 The first pastor was Rev. Alexander Porter, who served 
 from May, 1840, to May, 1845. He was succeeded by 
 Rev. William H. McCarer, who was in charge until 1849. 
 During his pastorate a parsonage, with several acres of 
 ground, was purchased. 
 
 He was succeeded by Rev. Beriah B. Hotchkin, D.D., 
 whose pastorate extended from June, 1850, to October, 
 1858. Dr. Hotchkin was a man jrhose mild and winning 
 ways were well adapted to arouse and retain the affections 
 of the people. In literary labors he was abundant. lie 
 was for many years associate editor of the American Pres- 
 hyterian, a constant contributor to other journals, and the 
 influence he exerted with his pen was considerable. A col- 
 lection of hymns which he compiled for the use of the- 
 soldiers in the late war reached a circulation of more than 
 60.000 copies. On leaving West Nantmeal he became 
 pastor of the Marple Church, in Delaware County, and died 
 in October, 1878. 
 
 After an intermission of one year. Rev. David C. Meeker 
 became pastor, and sustained that relation from October, 
 1860, to October, 1868. He was followed by Rev. Ambrose 
 Nelson HoUifield, who was pastor from October, 1869, to 
 January, 1876. 
 
 In 1870 several acres of ground were purchased adjoin- 
 ing the church and laid out for a cemetery. The name of 
 the church was in the same year changed from West Nant- 
 meal to Fairview. It had been originally named after the 
 township in which it was located. West Nantmeal, but 
 that township had afterwards been divided, and the church 
 falling into the new division of Wallace, it was deemed best 
 to change its name, and that of Fairview, suggested by its 
 
258 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, TENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 location on high ground, commanding an extensive view of 
 rich and rolling country, was adopted. In 1861 the old 
 church edifice was torn down and the present beautiful and 
 commodious one erected. 
 
 The present pastor, Rev. William Boyd, Jr., was installed 
 
 in June, 1876. 
 
 EAST WHITELAND. 
 
 This church, at Frazer, was organized in 1833, and in- 
 corporated May 21, 1840. The leading men in the move- 
 ment were Dr. Stephen Harris, Thomas Hutchinson, Robert 
 Hutchinson, Joseph Smith, John Todd, and Josiah Harmar. 
 The church was in connection with the Third Presbytery 
 of Philadelphia until the Presbytery of Chester was consti- 
 tuted, in 1870. Its pastors have been Revs. D. H. Emer- 
 son, Mr. Barton, J. McKim Duncan, W. S. Drysdale, 
 George Foote, Mr. Jones, John McLeod, A. M. Stewart, 
 Thomas J. Aiken, John C. Clyde, from Oct. 2, 1872, to 
 June 24, 1879, and William C. Stull, installed Oct. 28, 
 1879. The first church building was erected about 1837, 
 and a few years thereafter a parsonage was also secured. 
 The second and present church edifice, which is a very 
 tasteful structure, was erected in 1877. 
 
 PIICENIXVILLB. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Phoenixville was or- 
 ganized in 1846. It has had as pastors Revs. John Thomas, 
 Joseph P. Jenuison, Joseph W. Porter, and George H. S. 
 Campbell, the latter from Nov. 14, 1876, to Nov. 17, 1880. 
 
 ATGLEN. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Penningtonville (now Atglen) 
 was gathered through the efforts of Rev. James Latta after 
 he ceased to be pastor of Upper Octorara, and over which 
 he was installed as pastor Nov. 11, 1852. He maintained 
 that relation until April 9, 1861, when, on account of in- 
 creasing years, it was dissolved. Mr. Latta died May 30, 
 1862. 
 
 The succeeding pastors have been Rev. J. William Edio, 
 from July 29, 1862, to Aug. 27, 1868; Rev. W. F. P. 
 Noble, from May 13, 1869, to April 10, 1872 ; Rev. Wil- 
 liam R. Halbert, from Oct. 30, 1872, to Sept. 22, 1878, 
 and Rev. Calvin D. Wilson, the present pastor, since May 
 11, 1880. 
 
 Mr. Edie died Sept. 10, 1874, at Ebensburg, and Mr. 
 Halbert May 8, 1881, at Carlisle, Pa. 
 
 DOWNINGTOWN. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Downingtown was 
 organized June 9, 1859, and was in connection with the 
 New School branch of the Presbyterian Church. In 1860 
 a house of worship was erected on Lancaster Avenue, west 
 of the bridge. Among those prominent in the movement 
 were John Baugh and Gustav Ueins. After a time dis- 
 sensions arose in the congregation, and it was dissolved and 
 the church edifice sold. 
 
 The Central Pennsylvania Church of Downingtown 
 was organized July 17, 1861, by the Presbytery of New 
 Castle, in connection with the Old School branch of the 
 church. 
 
 It was first ministered to by Rev. John L. Withrow, 
 
 now pastor of the Park Congregational Church, Boston, 
 who, while a student in Princeton Theological Seminary, 
 preached to this church in the summer of 1861. 
 
 The first regular pastor was Rev. Matthew Newkirk, Jr., 
 who was installed April 21, 1862, although he had been 
 preaching there from the preceding month of September. 
 He was released Dec. 8, 1868, to take charge of a church 
 in Philadelphia. During his pastorate the church edifice 
 was erected on Lancaster Avenue, in 1 863-64. 
 
 Rev. John Rea was pastor from May 6, 1869, to April 
 8, 1872, and was succeeded by the present pastor. Rev. 
 Francis J. Collier, who was installed Oct. 9, 1872. The 
 present membership is 155. 
 
 BEKWYN. 
 
 The Trinity Presbyterian Church of Reeseville (now 
 Berwyn) was incorporated April 29, 1862, and the church 
 edifice, a neat Gothic structure, was dedicated Dec. 30, 
 1862. The first trustees under the charter were Peter 
 Burns, Sr., Joseph C. Smith, Alexander Wilson, William 
 Clark, Peter Burns, Jr., Charles Thompson, Abel Reese, 
 P. Williams, Joseph Williams, Joseph Evans, John Gowdy, 
 Davis Taylor, John Lamey, Robert Neely, and Eber 
 Beaumont. 
 
 The pastors have been Revs. John McLeod, A. M. 
 Stewart, Thomas J. Aiken, Willard M. Rice, D.D., Dr. 
 Hartman. The present pastor is Rev. Algernon Marcellus, 
 who has been in charge since Oct. 17, 1879, and the ruling 
 elders are James T. Doran and Frank H. Stauffer. 
 
 KBNNET SQUARE. 
 
 The Presbyterian Cimrch of Kennet Square was organ- 
 ized Nov. 1, 1862, and Rev. John S. Gilmer became its 
 first pastor. He had been preaching there for five months 
 previously. He was installed May 15, 1863. He con- 
 tinued in that relation until April 9, 1872. His successor. 
 Rev. James Frazer, the present pastor, was ordained and 
 installed May 22, 1872. 
 
 AVONDALE, TOUGHKENAMON, AND LONDONGROVE. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Avondale was organized 
 Dec. 9, 1870. Rev. John S. Gilmor, of Kennet Square, 
 was stated supply until the spring of 1872, when Rev. 
 James Frazer was, May 22, 1872, installed as pastor, in 
 connection with the church in Kennet Square. This rela- 
 tion with Avondale was dissolved April 9, 1873, soon after 
 which Rev. William R. Bingham became stated supply, 
 and still sustains that relation. The church building was 
 dedicated Jan. 17, 1874. The present bench of elders is 
 composed of Dr. R. B. Ewing, Joseph T. Phillips, and 
 Ziba Lamborn. Membership, 141. 
 
 A Presbyterian chapel was erected in Toughkenamon in 
 1877, and a building at Londongrove, which belonged to 
 the ]<]piscopalians, was purchased and repaired and fitted 
 up as a Presbyterian chapel in 1878. 
 
 There is also a Presbyterian Church at Lincoln Univer- 
 sity, known as the Ashmun Church, which was organized 
 in 1867, and a church in Oxford, called the Second Pres- 
 byterian Church of Oxford, organized in 1874. 
 
BAPTIST CHURCHES. 
 
 259 
 
 BAPTIST CHUKCUES. 
 
 The first Baptist Church in Pennsylvania was established 
 at Cold Spring in lG8-t, with Rov. Thomas Duiigan, from 
 Rhode Island, as pastor, but it was dissolved in 1702. 
 
 Elias Keach, son of the noted Benjamin Keach, of 
 London, arrived in this country, " a very wild spark," 
 about the year 1686. On his lauding he dressed in black 
 and wore a band, in order to pass for a minister. The 
 project succeeded to his wishes, and many people resorted 
 to hear the young London divine. He performed well 
 enough till he had advanced pretty far in the sermon, then, 
 stopping short, looked like a man astonished. The audi- 
 ence concluded he had been seized with a sudden disorder, 
 but on being asked what was the matter he confessed the 
 imposture, with tears in his eyes and much trembling. 
 Great was his distress, and from this time he dated his con- 
 vereion. Hearing of a Baptist minister at Cold Spring, he 
 repaired to him to seek counsel and comfort, and by him 
 was baptized and ordained. In 1688 he organized the 
 Pennypaok or Lower Dublin Church, which still exists, the 
 oldest in the State. Mr. Keach returned to England in 
 1692. 
 
 The Baptist Churches of Chester County, with the dates 
 when they were constituted, and classified according to their 
 Associations, are as follows : 
 
 Pliilndelphia Aomciatinn.— Great Valley, 1711 ; Erandywine, 1715 ; 
 Hephzibah, 1310; Goshen, 1S27; Bethe-sda, 1827; Glen Run, 1832. 
 
 Central Union Asaociation.^Viaccnt, 1771; Beulah, 1823; Phoe- 
 nixvillc, 1830; Windsor, 1833; West Chester, 183-1; East Nantmeal, 
 1841; East Erandywine, 1843; Pughtown, 1866; Contesvillo, 1867. 
 
 JVort7» Philadelphia Association^^WUnstown, 1833; West Cain, 
 1842; Lawrenceville, 1858 ; Berean, 1878. 
 
 Other Chun-hes. — London Tract, 1780 ; Oxford, recognized May 12, 
 1881; Green Valley, a branch of Hephzibah. 
 
 Brief historical sketches of the above churches are here 
 given. 
 
 GREAT VALLEY. 
 
 About the years 1701 and 1702 several families from 
 Wales arrived and settled in the east end of the valley, one 
 of which was James Davis, a member of the Baptist 
 Church of Rydwilim, in Carmarthenshire. Near to him, in 
 Radnor, lived Richard Miles and wife, who had been bap- 
 tized by William Beckingham in Upper Providence. These 
 two families met together, and invited ministers from other 
 parts to preach at their houses, by whicii means several 
 were baptized, particularly William Thomas Hugh, Arthur 
 Edwards, William Davis, Margaret Davis, Joan Miles, Jane 
 Miles, Margaret Phillips, Margaret Evans. In 1710, Rev. 
 Hugh Davis, an ordained minister, William Rees, Alex- 
 ander Owen, John Evans, and JIargaret, his wife, arrived 
 and settled in the same neighborhood. Thus strengthened, 
 they began to think of forming themselves into a church. 
 Previous to this they were supplied by the minister of the 
 Welsh Tract (New Castle County) Church, of which they 
 were considered a branch. April 22, 1711, they were con- 
 stituted a church, and chose Hugh Davis to be their minis- 
 ter, and Alexander Owen and William Rees to be elders. 
 Owen also officiated as deacon till February, 1712, when 
 Griffith Jones arrived from Rydwilim, in Wales, and was 
 appointed to that station. They continued to meet, mostly 
 at the house of Richard Miles, in Radnor, until 1722, by 
 
 which time they had increased so that it became necessary 
 to have more room. In 1722 a log house was built in 
 TredyfFrin, 28 feet square, which in 1770 contained gal- 
 leries and a stove. The situation was pleasant, being on 
 rising ground by the highway, and near a small brook 
 called Mint yr Ewig. A part of the ground was given by 
 William George, and the rest, upon which the building 
 stood, was purchased by the church from David Jones. 
 
 Rev. Morgan Edwaid.-i, in his " Materials towards a His- 
 tory of the American Baptists," 1770, from which this is 
 largely taken, says that at that time a branch church was 
 located at Yellow Springs, where was a house 30 by 20 feet 
 on a lot of four acres, the gift of Mr. Cox ; also a school-house 
 and a stable. About ninety-two families belonged to the 
 two branches, of whom ninety-nine persons were baptized, 
 viz. : 
 
 John Davis, minister, James Dn,vi.«, elder, Samuel Jones and John 
 Williams, desicons, Samson Davis, David Thomas, Thomas Nicholas, 
 Joseph Nicholiis, George Gcorgo, Thomas Davis, Rev. Thomas Davis, 
 Edward Powell, Niith.an Powell, David Cornog, Abraham Cornog, 
 Thomas Cornog, Daniel Cornog, Evan Thomas, Griffith Thomas, Wil- 
 liam Griffiths, John Edwards, Lewis Morgan, Edward Jones, Isaac 
 Adams, Elijah Davis, Davitl Thomas, Owen Thomas, William Grono, 
 John Thomas, Thomas Morris, William Gordon, David Jenkins, 
 Philip Jenkins, Philip Lewis, Enoch Lewis, Joseph Philips, David 
 Philips, John Philips, .Tames John, William Wells, David Davis, 
 Sarah Evans, Mary Davis, Hannah Jones, Mary Williams, Catharine 
 Jones, Elizabeth Nicholas, Mary Nicholas, Hannah Davis, Mary 
 Evans, Ann Walters, Catharine 'George, Hannah George, Mary Davis, 
 Mary Pugh, Mary Davis, Mary Powel, Elizabeth Stevens, Margaret 
 James, Cathsirine Cornog, Jane Cornog, Mary Thomas, Elizabeth 
 Thomas, Sarah Cornog, Martha Lewis, Jane Davis, Sarah Mather, 
 
 Mary Davis, Margaret , Sarah Edwards, Martha Edwards, 
 
 Edith Adams, Alee Adams, Elizabeth Davis, Catharine Roberts, Let- 
 tice Thomas, Margaret Grono, Mary Lloyd, Lettice James, Lettice 
 Davis, Hannah Morr s, Sarah Gordon, Joan Davis, Margaret Jenkins, 
 Jane Jenkins, Ann Lewis, Elizabeth Martin, Mary Philips, Margaret 
 Philips, Mary Williams, Emma Vaughn, Margaret Smith, Hannah 
 Wells, Mary Davis, Elizabeth Davis, Elizabeth Jones, Catharine 
 Bartholomew. 
 
 The first minister. Rev. Hugh Davis, was born in 1665, 
 in Cardiganshire, baptized and ordained at Rydwilim. After 
 his arrival he served this church until his death, Oct. 13, 
 1753. 
 
 His successor, Rev. John Davis, was born Nov. 1, 1702, 
 in Llanfernach parish, county of Pembroke, and arrived in 
 America July 27, 1713; called to the ministry in 1722; 
 ordained Nov. 16, 1732 ; took part of the ministry with 
 Hugh Davis, and had sole care of the church after 1753 
 until 1775, yet continued pastor till his death in 1778. 
 He married Abigail Miles, by whom he had a son Samson, 
 who married into the same family. 
 
 Nov. 8, 1760, the heirs of Mary James, in accordance with 
 her verbal will, gave the church a folio copy of the Bible. 
 
 In 1775, Rev. David Jones moved into the neighborhood 
 and became assistant to Pastor Davis, but during the Revo- 
 lution he was absent most of the time as chaplain in the 
 army. The church suffered from the ravages of the British 
 army in 1777, as has been mentioned. 
 
 A number of gifts and legacies were bestowed upon this 
 church, of which Mr. Edwards mentions fifteen in 1770, as 
 follows : 
 
 William George, £160, one-third of which was appropriated to 
 Vincent Church; Thomas Rees, £50; John Philips, £50; Edward 
 
260 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Matthews, £16; Richard Owen, £5; "William Morgan, £4; Thomas 
 Jenkins, £20; Sarah Miles, £5; Griffith Jenkins, £5; Griffith Philips, 
 £5; John David Rees, £10; William Eees, £10; Hugh Wilson, 
 towards supporting the school-house, £60; Owen Philips, £20; Henry 
 Davis, !i plantation of fifty acres, with a good house and outhouses 
 thereon. 
 
 To the.so may bo added a legacy of £150 from Bebjamin 
 Bartholomew, of Chester, in 1784. 
 
 A history of the church was prepared in 1872 by Rev. 
 William M. Whitehead, from which we obtain further par- 
 ticulars. 
 
 In 1820 it was resolved " that in future the women 
 shall be entitled to a vote on all questions that may arise 
 in the church." In 1805 the new meeting-house, and in 
 1816 and 1823 the parsonage-house and barn, were re- 
 spectively built. Its pastors were accustomed to itinerate 
 through somewhat distant neighborhoods to gather together 
 God's people and preach to them and others the Word. 
 Rev. David Jones went for this and other purposes even to 
 Ohio, and Rev. Thomas Brown went on a missionary tour 
 into the centre of the State. In August, 1821, the pastor, 
 Rev. Thomas Roberts, with Isaac Cleaver, John Farrier, 
 Elizabeth Roberts, Elizabeth Jones, and Rachel Cleaver, 
 were dismissed to form a mission to the Cherokee Indians 
 in Tennessee. The next day (Sabbath) Evan Jones was 
 baptized, and also went with the mission. His son, Rev. 
 John B. Jones, born on the nyssion-field, became a trans- 
 lator and revisor of the Scriptures into the Cherokee lan- 
 guage. The planting of churches around them is another 
 evidence of their missionary character, of which the fol- 
 lowing is a list : 
 
 1. The Seventh-Day Baptist, at French Creek, 1726. 
 
 2. Vincent Baptist, Chester County, 1771. 
 
 3. Phoenixvillo Baptist, Chester County, 18.30. 
 
 4. Norristown Enptist, Montgomery County, 1832. 
 
 5. Weft Chester Baptist, Chester County, 1834. 
 
 6. Willistown Baptist, Chester County, 1833. 
 
 7. Radnor Baptist, Delaware County, 1841. 
 
 The first election of trustees under the charter occurred 
 in January, 1800, and the following named were chosen : 
 Daniel Cornog, Isaac Abraham, James Abraham, Jonathan 
 Philips, and Horatio Gr. Jones. Its members promptly 
 enrolled themselves among the patriots of the Revolution, 
 and in 1812 its venerable pastor, Rev. David Jones, girded 
 on his regimentals and went forth to hurl back the invad- 
 ing foe. Likewise in 1861 the church sent forth its 
 pastor, with most of its young men, to battle for the preser- 
 vation of the Union. 
 
 The following is a list of the pastors of Great Valley 
 Baptist Church: 
 
 1, Hugh Davis, 1711-53; 2, John Davis, 1732-78; 3, David Jones, 
 1776-76, 1792-1820; 4, .John Davis, 1775-76; 5, Thomas Jones, 1776 
 -83; 6, Nicholas Cox, 1783; 7, John Boggs, 1791-1801; 8, Jtnkin 
 David, 1795-98; 9, Thomas Roberts, 1814-21; 10, Thomas J. Kitts, 
 1822; 11, John S. Jtnkins, 1823-27; 12, Thomas Brown, 1828-31 ; 
 1.3, Leonard Fletcher, 1832-40; 14, Charles B. Keyes, 1841-45; 15^ 
 James F. Brown, 1846-54; 16, George Sprntt, 1854-58; 17, William 
 M. Whitehead, 1858-01; 18, James E. Wilson, 1863-65; 19, B. C. 
 Morse, 1867-70; 20, James H. Hyatt, 1870. 
 
 The licentiates of the church have been : 
 
 John Davis (licensed and afterwards ordained), Nov. 16 1732' 
 Richard Gardiner, April 24, 1824; Thomas B, Brown, April 2, 1832 • 
 
 Charles Barrie, March 23, 1839 ; William B. Bingham, John dinger, 
 Manassa McClees, E. D. Fendall, Thomas Kutchen, Nathan Stetson, 
 Thomas Keene, Jan. 5, 1835; David Phillips, Oct. 25, 1840. 
 
 The ruling elders and deacons of the church have been 
 as follows : 
 
 Ruling Elders.— A^r\\ 22, 1711, Alexander Owen, William Rees; 
 1724, John Davis; Oct. 23, 1760, James Davis; Jan. 22, 1803, Isaac 
 Abraham. 
 
 Deacons. — April 22, 1711, Alexander Owen; February, 1712, Grif- 
 fith John; 1735, Thomas John; Oct. 23, 1760, Samuel John; June 
 27, 1789, Enoch Jones, Jonathan Phillips, Isaac Abraham ; July 27, 
 1793, John Gwin ; August, 1820, John Pugh, Jr., John Basburn ; 
 Feb. 22, 1823, Edward Siter ; Nov. 23, 1832, Daniel Abraham, Phineas 
 Phillips, Samuel King, Samuel D. Phillips; March 27, 1841, John 
 Garl)er, Jonathan Jones, Henry Kaufman, Sr., Thomas Jones ; Jan. 
 14, 1847, Isaac Richards, Hiram Cleaver; Sept. 24, 1863, Charles 
 Beaver, S. P.Abraham; Dec. 24, 1863, Mordeeai D. Carnog; Aug. 
 19, 1869, Samuel Priest, Henry Kaufman, Jr. 
 
 BRANDYWmB. 
 
 The following is from an ancient manuscript book in the 
 possession of Robert Frame, Esq., of Birmingham, page 2: 
 
 " Whereas, that formerly a congregation of believers, baptized upon 
 profession of their faith in the county of Chester, in the province of 
 Pennsylvania, about the year 1692, among whom Thomas Martin ad- 
 ministered Baptism, likewise W™ Beekingham administered both 
 Baptism and the Lord's Supper, until about the year 1701, when sev- 
 eral occasions occurred, that our congregational estate was dissolved 
 ■ — that we could no longer bear up our Church polity : Being dispers'', 
 withoyt the face of a church for many years. In the year 1715 upon 
 the frequent coming of our beloved brother, Abel Morgan among us, 
 to preach upon week days — Upon proposal for our associating together 
 in church relation and Estate, it was concluded to have consultation 
 about it, and finding such as were baptiz* persons dispersed in the 
 parts adjacent, very inclinable thereunto— notice being given to all 
 such as were concern'' to meet at the house of John Powell of Provi- 
 dence in the above said county, having got to our assistance. Brother 
 Morgan of Philad'', Bro. James James, and bro : Jos Eaton, from the 
 Welsh-tract (New Castle, Del.), we proceeded in the manner following : 
 It being the 14tii day of the month vulgarly called June 1715, the 
 first part of the day was spent in fasting and prayer, to implore the 
 blessing and aid of God upon our proceedings: Having our satisfac- 
 tion in each other's grace, we further signified our resolution to join 
 together, to carry on the worship of God and the ordinances of the 
 gospel, according to the holy scriptures;— and to further the edifica- 
 tion of one another ; and to walk in the order of the gospel : Then 
 we did unanymously resign up our Souls to God, by a token of lifting 
 up our hand to be his people and servants; in the name of Jesus 
 Christ our Lord, and then to one another by the will of God : declaring 
 our uniting together in a church relation to each other to be governed 
 by the word of God, taking upon us the title of a Baptized Church of 
 Jeam Christ, holding and maintaining the same principles and prac- 
 tices as the other Baptized Churches in the provinces of Pennsylvania, 
 and New Jersey in America; whereupon we were owned as a'Sister 
 church to the aforesaid churches, being of the same faith and Gospel 
 order, by the above named Brethern." 
 
 The names of the persons engaged in this congregationM ' ; 
 settlement were as follows : '' ■' 
 
 ' Edmund Butcher 
 John Powell 
 Richard Buffington 
 John Beekingham 
 Joseph Powell 
 David Roberts 
 
 Elizabeth wife of John Powell 
 
 Margery Martin 
 
 Hannah wifeof John Beekingham 
 
 Hannah Hunter 
 
 Mary Robinett 
 
 Mary Powell 
 
 Jeremiah Collett he being Bap- Joan, wife of Jos. Powell." 
 tizod May 4"» 1715. 
 
 On the first page of the old book from which the above 
 was copied the entries of baptisms are commenced,- of 
 which the following arc specimens : 
 
/^ES OF T J CIBSON HicHi-ANp Tp CHESrEH Co P* 
 
 Si*-. 
 
 f>£S. AND Farm of THOS. M . MOORE Upper Un'CHLA\ Chester Co. Pa. 
 
BAPTIST CHURCHES. 
 
 2C1 
 
 This church is in Birmingham township, (now) Dela- 
 ware County, and outside of our present limits. 
 
 Morgan Edwards, writing in 1770, says the first organ- 
 ization was dissolved by reason of a difference about the 
 Sabbath, and such as preferred the first day of the week 
 subsequently formed the Brandywine Church. At first 
 they met in the house of John Powell, in Upper Provi- 
 dence, but in 1717 removed to Birmingham, and in 1741 
 it appeared necessary to have another meeting in Nowlin 
 township, where a house was erected in 1742 (1752?), on 
 land given by Jeffrey Bentley. In 1770 there were about 
 2G families in the two branches, of whom the following 
 pereons had been baptized : 
 
 .Jeffrey Bentley, deacon, John McKim, Samuel McKim, Samuel 
 Itichee, Samuel , John G.irvct, Robert Chalfunt, George Bent- 
 ley, James Shields, James Bird, William Collet, Elizabeth MeKim, 
 Jane Shields, Elizabeth Garret, Margaret Baldwin, Susanna Simmons, 
 Elizabeth Barnet, Ruth Frame, Margaret Collet, Hannah McKralien, 
 Mary Shields, Margaret Shields, Elizabeth Powell, Dorcas l)avis, 
 Martha Barnet, Sarah Piptr, Elizabeth Way, Elenor Bently, Mary 
 Evans, Esther Hopton. 
 
 Their first minister was Rev. William Butcher, born in 
 Birmingham, May 18, 1699, and baptized Aug. 11, 1717 ; 
 entered on the ministry in 1719, and continued till 1721, 
 when he removed to Cohansey, where ho died, and was 
 buried Dec. 12, 1724. He was a popular preacher, and 
 withal very tall and of a majestic presence, which procured 
 him the name of the " High Priest." 
 
 After his removal, Owen Thomas visited the church about 
 once a month till they obtained a minister of their own, 
 which was not till about forty years after. This was Rev. 
 Abel GrifiBths, born in Montgomery township, and county 
 (then) of Philadelphia, Dec. 23, 1723; baptized April 14, 
 1744; ordained in 1761, and settled at Brandywine April 
 12, 1761, where he continued six years, and then removed 
 to Salem, N. J. 
 
 The church in Birmingham was erected in 1718, on an 
 acre of land the gift of Edmund Butcher. 
 
 HEPIIZIBAII. 
 
 About 1720, Rev. Owen Thomas, who had come from 
 Wales and settled in Vincent in 1707, was the first Baptist 
 minister laboring regularly in Newlin township. He 
 preached at John Bentley's house, near where Ward's or 
 Harvey's mill now stands. 
 
 ■ Richard Buffington, of Bradford, in his will, dated Jan. 
 7, 1747-8, gave £5 to Owen Thomas, minister of the 
 Anahaptist Society, held at John Bentley's, in Newlin, and 
 to the society £20. The old graveyard connected with the 
 first church is on the farm of George Young, and near the 
 railroad. 
 
 After the death of John Bentley the meetings were 
 held at the house of his son, Jeffrey Bentley, who in 1752 
 gave a lot of ground and built a meeting-house, with a 
 small help from others, at which Rev. Owen Thomas first 
 preached in October, 1752. His ministry ceased, owing to 
 bodily infirmities, in 1759. Then came Rev. Abel Grif- 
 fith, who ministered until 1767, when he went on a mis- 
 sionary tour to New England. Jeffrey Bentley, on the 
 death of his father, was inade deacon. In 1775, Rev. 
 Griffith returned and resumed his pastorship, but resigned 
 in 1791 and removed to Kentucky. Under this good 
 man the church increased from 15 members to 49. In 
 1791, Rev. Joshua Vaughan became pastor, and con- 
 tinued until 1808. It wifs agreed in 1717, for the 
 better convenience of most of the members, to keep their 
 monthly meetings in Birmingham township, and they were 
 so continued until 1741, when they were alternately be- 
 tween Birmingham and Newlin townships; but in 1742 it 
 was decided to settle their monthly meetings at the latter 
 place. Under Mr. Vaughan's ministry a great revival took 
 place, and the membership was doubled. The old meeting- 
 house in Newlin had become too small, and being badly 
 located, a new location was chosen where the Hephzibah 
 church now stands. The building of the new house was 
 commenced by John Powell, who drew the first load of 
 stone Aug. 13, 1792. The corner-stones were laid by 
 Rev. Joshua Vaughan, who offered prayer and laid the 
 southwest corner, John Powell the northwest. Col. Jacob 
 Humphrey the southeast, and John Humphrey the north- 
 east, Aug. 29, 1792. On May 18, 1793, it was finished, 
 and Rev. David Jones preached the dedicatory sermon 
 therein from John iv. 24. The first burial in the Heph- 
 zibah burial-ground was Rachel Thomas, April 16,1793. 
 The location had been selected by a committee of James 
 Shields, Thomas Davis, John Powell, Joseph Powell, Jacob 
 Humphrey, John Humphrey, Jesse Bentley, and Robert 
 Chalfant. The trustees appointed to purchase the ground 
 of Mr. Wolverton were Thomas Davis, John Powell, Col. 
 Jacob Humphrey. The building committee were Thomas 
 Davis, John Powell, Joseph Powell, Jacob Humphrey, 
 John Humphrey, and Jesse Bentley, who agreed with 
 Jacob Thomas, mason, to build it 43 feet long, 33 feet 
 wide (stone), 16 J feet high ; partition wall for sleepers (?), 
 flues for stoves, paint the building, all complete, for £20 
 lawful money. The building committee likewise agreed 
 with Robert Hope and William McKin, carpenters, to build 
 the house, all complete, for £48 lawful money. This change 
 of location, being about three miles distant from the old 
 one, caused dissatisfaction among some of the prominent 
 members, who consequently never worshiped in the View 
 house, while others became indifferent, and the church or 
 branch languished for about ten years, or until 1804, when 
 a revival commenced, and continued till Rev. Mr. Vaughan's 
 death, Aug. 2, 1808, when the church numbered 140 mem- 
 bers. 
 
 After the death of Rev. Joshua Vaughan, Rev. Jethro 
 Johni?on supplied the church, preaching alternately one 
 Sabbath at Hephzibah, two Sabbaths at London Tract, and 
 one at Brandywine in each month. 
 
 On the fourth Lord's Day in March, 1810, Brandywine 
 
2G2 
 
 IIISTOUr OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Churcli granted to its members livinj; in or meeting for 
 divine worship in East Fallowfield township a letter of dis- 
 mission, in order that they might form a separate church. 
 On the 20th of May following the church of Heplizibah 
 was constituted by Revs. D.uiiel Dodge, Gideon Ferrcll, 
 and Jethro Johnson, the Council called for its constitution. 
 
 " The undersigned members were present at the constitution, and 
 gave their assent to the nbove articles" (of faith and covenant), May 
 20, 1810: Henry Bcnner, Elizabeth Bentley, Lydia lientley, Jiimes 
 Black, Robert Chalfant, Plicbe Chalfant, Jane Durham, .Tohn Faddi.^, 
 Christian Graybill, William Griffith, Margaret Griffith, Sarah Grubb, 
 llannali Humphrey, Mary Humpton, Richard Jones, Phebo Jordan, 
 William Keepers, James Lott, Sarah Lott, Hannah Love, M.argarct 
 McWilliams, Matson Marsh, Elizabeth Morris, Ann Morris, Haines 
 Parker, Elizabeth Peall, Benjamiji D. Perry, John D. Perry, Eliza- 
 beth Perry, Elizabeth Philips, John Powell, Rachel Powell, David 
 Powell, Sarah Powell, Mary Powell, John Quaintanee, Peter Rubin- 
 cam, Hannah Rubiucam, Elizabeth Shields, George Sinn, William 
 Stewait, Jean Stewart, Thomas Stroud, Ruth Strode, Andrew Thomas, 
 Abigail Warner, Rebecca Welsh, Sarah Welsh, Ann Welsh, Prudence 
 Wilkinson, Benjamin Williams, Ann Wilson, Thomas Young, Eliza- 
 beth Young, Marlha Young, Elenor Young. 
 
 The members whose names here follow are those that 
 were not present at the time the church was constituted, 
 but were received upon the same letter of dismission : 
 
 Christian Brockman, Rachel Davis, Mary Davis, Hannah Faddis, 
 John Gorrel, Ann German, Jacob Graybill, Anna Graybill, Mary 
 Jones, Lantulus Kirk, Rachel Kirk, John Matthias, Rebecca Mat- 
 thias, James MeCurdy, Martha McCurdy, Prudence Nichols, Stephen 
 Nelson, Lydia Nelson, Margaret Philips, John Pettit, Mary Peltit, 
 Hulda Rambo, Martha Rees, Andrew Sinn, Margaret Sinn, John 
 Steward, Sarah Stroud, Margaret Thomas, Elenor Williams. 
 
 The first business meeting of Hephzibah Church in the 
 capacity of a regular Baptist Church was on the Saturday 
 before the third Lord's Day in June, 1810. It was voted 
 to continue John Powell as deacon, as heretofore, also Wil- 
 liam Griffith as clerk. Rev. Jethro Johnson, who began 
 preaching in the fall of 1808, continued to preach alter- 
 nately, first and third Sabbaths at Hephzibah, second and 
 fourth at London Tract, Brandywine, and other places, till 
 1823, when about 20 members were dismissed to form 
 the Beulah Church, after which he preached alternately at 
 Hephzibah and Beulah until his death, July 15, 1838. 
 After his death the church called Rev. Silas C. James, an 
 Englishman, who was ordained pastor Deo. 3, 1838, and 
 remained to April 1, 1840. In June, 1840, Rev. John S. 
 Jenkins became the pastor, and continued until February, 
 1842, when 26 members were dismissed to form the 
 West Cain Church, after which he preached at both churches 
 till October, 1843, when he resigned at Hephzibah to de- 
 vote all his time to West Cain. Pequea Church, Lancaster 
 County, was constituted, six members being dismissed from 
 Hephzibah to help form it. From April, 1844, to April, 
 184G, Rev. D. A. Nichols supplied the pulpit. Rev. 
 George H. Mitchell was ordained April 8, 1846, and con- 
 tinued till September, 1852. During his stay the old 
 meeting-house at Hephzibah was taken down (1847) and 
 the present edifice built, which was finished for worship in 
 January, 1848. In March, 1853, Rev. Leonard Frescoln 
 began supplying the pulpit, and in January, 1855, was 
 called as pastor for his whole time, and continued until 
 April, 1857. 
 
 In May, 1857, Rev. David W. Hunter became pastor 
 
 continuing to June, 1872. During his pastorship the 
 Newlin or Green Valley church was built, and fully opened 
 for worship Oct. 9, 1870. The following proriiinent min- 
 isters are sons and grandsons of the constituted members 
 of the Hephzibah Church : 
 
 Rev. Robert F. Young, son of Thomas S. and Elizabeth R. Young, 
 born Sept. 4, 1810. Rev. George W. Young, son of Thomas S. and 
 Elvira Young; born Aug. 8, 1819, and died near Zanesville, Ohio, 
 Nov. 12, 1864. Robert C. Jefferis, son of David and Jane Jefferis, 
 and grandson of Robert and Phebe Chalfantj born Nov. 11, 1812, 
 and died, while preparing for the ministry, Dec. 27, 1840. Rev. 
 Thomas S. Griffith, son of William and Margaret Griffith; born 
 March 24, 1810, and died in May, 1846. Rev. David Jefferis, son of 
 David and Jane Jefferis, and grandson of Robert and Phebe Chal- 
 fant; born June, 1820, and died Nov. 8, 1860. The three last were 
 buried at Hephzib.ih. 
 
 GOSHEN. 
 
 The Goshen Baptist Church is situated in West Goshen 
 township, at the junction of the old Philadelphia and 
 Strasburg roads. For many years before the old church 
 building was erected the grounds were occupied by a frame 
 school-house, where a few Baptists living in the vicinity, 
 having no meeting nearer than Brandywine, near Chads' 
 Ford, on the south, and Great Valley Baptist Church 
 on the north, held meetings. About the year 1809 
 several religiously-inclined persons in the neighborhood, 
 feeling the need of having a place of worship, resolved to 
 purchase land and erect a house, in which any evangelical 
 minister who would do so should be privileged to preach 
 the gospel, with a proviso that whcH the Baptists should be 
 sufficiently strong to organize a church the property should 
 be transferred to them. The house was erected in the year 
 above named by subscriptions obtained in the vicinity.* 
 
 In the year 1827 the following-named persons, viz. : 
 Simeon Seigfried (a licentiate), William Work, Joseph 
 Jones, Ann Hickman, Abigail Stromberg, Ann Cable, 
 Mercy Seigfried, Mary MeCluskey, and Margaret Burns, 
 having been regularly dismissed from the Brandywine Bap- 
 tist Church, resolved to organize a church, to be styled the 
 Goshen Baptist Church. Jan. 20, 1827, the above-named 
 brethren and sisters met with a council in the meeting- 
 house, composed of Revs. Thomas B. Montayne, Charles 
 E. Moore, and Joseph H. Kenuard, who had been invited 
 by them to be present. After having duly considered and 
 approved the subject before them, the council, through 
 Rev. Thomas B. Montayne, extended the hand of fellow- 
 ship to the nine persons above named and constituted them 
 a regular Baptist Church. 
 
 Until August, 1827, they had no pastor, when Rev. Sim- 
 eon Seigfried was called and accepted. Previous to this 
 Revs. Charles E. Moore, Daniel E. Dodge, Joseph Kennard, 
 Peter Simonson, Elder Beckwith, and perhaps others, 
 preached for them. Feb. 20, 1830, Rev. Simeon Seigfried 
 
 * " The Baptist meeting-house in Goshen, near West Chester, being 
 now finished, will be opened for divine worship on Saturday and Sun- 
 day next. 
 
 " The services will be conducted by Rev Thomas Kitts and Rev. 
 Joseph H. Kennard, commencing on Saturday at half-past 2 o'clock, 
 P.M., and on Sunday at 11 a.ji. 
 
 "A meeting of the West Chester Baptist Mission Society will take 
 place at the above meeting-house on Saturday, at 2 o'clock in the 
 afternoon. 
 
 Deo. 12, 1826." — Amci-ican Hepublkan. 
 
BAPTIST CnURCriES. 
 
 263 
 
 resigned as pastor and was dismissed to Bothesda. During 
 1830 the church was supplied by Bevs. Bichard Gardner, 
 J. Perry Hall, and Joseph Walker. Jan. 14, 1832, Bev. 
 Bobert Compton was called and served two years. Sept. 
 29, 1833, Bev. Simeon Seigfried was received by letter, and 
 served the church as pastor from April, 1834, to July, 
 
 1835. Jan. 20, 1834, Bev. A. G. Compton was licensed 
 to preach. May 16, 1835, Thomas Hender.son and Biley 
 Hickman elected deacons. July 18, 1835, Bev. Bobert 
 Compton again became pastor for six montiis. July 10, 
 
 1836. Bev. Charles E. Moore called as pastor; continued 
 until September, 1838. Bev. Enos Barker served the 
 church from September, 1838, to 1839, when Bev. Cliarles 
 E. Moore served for the next six months. November, 
 1839, Bev. Bobert Compton was called as pastor, and served 
 until January, 1841, when he resi.;ncd. 18-12, Bev. 
 Thomas Griffith served as pastor ; 24 baptized. 1843-44, 
 Bev. Henry Essick served as pastor; 14 baptized. May 
 18, 1844, George W. Mitchell was licensed to preach the 
 gospel. 1844, Brother Phillips served as pastor during this 
 year. 1846, Geo. W. Mitchell called as pastor; served 
 two years. May 19, 1846, Elisha Speakman elected dea- 
 con, vice B. B. Hickman, resigned. Brother F. Ja.sinskcy 
 served as pastor from April 1, 1848, to Jan. 10, 1851. 
 Feb. 8, 1851, Bev. Bobert Compton again settled as pastor, 
 and served until 1856, when, worn out, he relinquished 
 preaching; 34 baptized during this part of his pastorate. 
 1857, Bev. John Beece chosen pastor and served throe 
 years. During the early part of 1860, Rev. William E. 
 AVatkinson preached on Sabbath afternoons. June 24, 
 1860, Bev. J. W. Warwick was called as pastor, and served 
 until April 1, 1861, when he tendered his resignation, 
 which was accepted. Nov. 17, 1860, Brother Joseph S. 
 Evans was licensed to preach, and on the 14th of Novem- 
 ber, 1861, was ordained to the ministry, in which he has 
 continued to serve the church up to this date, with the ex- 
 ception of about one year in all, in 18G2 and 1865, when 
 he was in the government service as chaplain and teacher. 
 
 In February, 1874, the church was considerably dam- 
 aged by fire, and it was decided to rebuild. This was done 
 at a cost of $3200, upon the same site, and was dedicated 
 Nov. 25, 1874, at which lime the history of the church 
 was read, as prepared by the pastor. 
 
 BETIIESDA. 
 
 Bethcsda Baptist Church is located in the extreme 
 northwestern part of Warwick township, about a half mile 
 i'rom the Berks County line. The church was organized 
 Dec. 8, 1827. It appears that the venerable Simeon Seig- 
 fried, Sr., lately deceased, assisted in the organization of 
 the church, and preached for them about seven years. The 
 following names are attached to the church covenant : 0th- 
 uiel Sands, John Sands, Elizabeth Lloyd, Ann Sands, Han- 
 nah D. Sands, Sarah Matthias, Rebecca Dougherty, Han- 
 nah Trego, Sarah Evans, Elizabeth Hill, Ann Oliver, and 
 Margaret Liggett. The deacons were Othniel Sands and 
 George Lloyd. All of the above named are now deceased. 
 The following-named persons have been pastors of the 
 church from the time of organization to the present, 
 namely : Elder Simeon Seigfried, John Booth, Andrew Col- 
 
 lins, Enoch M. Barker, Dieres A. Nichols, Leonard Fresh- 
 coin, William II. II. Marsh, John G. Perry, John Eberle, 
 and William Bari'ows, the present pastor. Others have as- 
 sisted at different times, viz : the venerable Elder Charles 
 Moore, of Vincent Church, John Tucker, and John Duer, 
 who are all well known in Chester County ; also Emerson 
 Andrews, the great evangelist, and C. K. Hendrickson. 
 The following named have filled the office of deacon : 
 
 Othniel Sands, Gcoi-ge Lloyd, Tsiiac Koplan, .Jacob ^Ilcrtenstine, 
 John II. Miller, David Lloyd, Josso IIoucli, and Daniel Sohliiif. 
 
 The following have acted as church clerks : 
 
 George Lloyd, Isaac Cophin, Thomiis Lloyd, Thomas 1'. Graham, 
 Edward Parleman, Enoch B. Lloyd, and Levi Shingle, the present 
 incumbent. 
 
 GLEN RDN.» 
 
 In the fall of 1831, Bev.' Enos M. Philips, now of Wis- 
 consin, was appointed missionary of the Pennsylvania Bap- 
 tist Missionary Society, his field being western Chester 
 County. The members of Hephzibah Baptist Church who 
 lived in the vicinity of Penningtonville (now Atglen), en- 
 couraged by the success of Mr. Philips among them, de- 
 termined to establish a separate church. In the autumn 
 of 1832 they built a stone meeting-house, about two miles 
 south of Penningtonville, and on Dec. 8, 1832, were con- 
 stituted a distinct church, known as the Glen Bun Baptist 
 Church, the name being taken .from that of a small creek 
 which had its source near the church edifice. The con- 
 stituent membership consisted of 9 members of the 
 Hephzibah Church. Immediately upon its organization 
 11 others, most of whom had been baptized by Mr. 
 Philips, were received into the church. George Philips 
 and Peter Stroud were elected deacons, and Nathaniel Davis 
 clerk. Dec. 9, 1832, the church building was dedicated. 
 Before the close of that month 40 more persons were bap- 
 tized by Bev. Mr. Philips and added to the church, which 
 numbered, therefore, at the end of its first year, 60 mem- 
 bers. Bev. Enos M. Philips supplied the pulpit regularly 
 until 1840, when the church numbered 115. In that year 
 Mr. Philips removed to Beading, Pa., and Bev. William 
 Steadman supplied the pulpit temporarily. In January, 
 
 1841, Bev. Bobert Compton, of Philadelphia, was called to 
 the pastorate, and accepted the call. He remained until 
 
 1842, when he resigned, and Rev. Enos M. Philips was 
 recalled, and returned to the pastorate. In 1843, 16 mem- 
 bers wore dismissed to form the Coleraine Baptist Church, in 
 Lancaster County. In 1846 a second church building was 
 erected in Parkesburg, which is now used by the Methodist 
 Church of that borough. Church services' were held in 
 both houses. In 1849, Rev. Enos M. Philips resigned, 
 and went to Wisconsin as a missionary of the Home Mis- 
 sionary Society. The same year Rev. Emerson Andrews, 
 a well-known evangelist, held a great meeting at Parkes- 
 burg, which resulted in the addition of 40 members to the 
 church. Rev. John Lawrence supplied the pulpit for the 
 greater part of this year. 
 
 In 1850, Rev. Allen J. Hires, pastor of the Vincent 
 Baptist Church, became the pastor of Glen Bun Church, 
 which this year had a membership of 170. The main- 
 
 » By Prof. G. M. Philips. 
 
264 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 tenancc of two places of worsliip being difficult and bur- 
 densome, 28 members were dismissed in 1853 to form a 
 new church at Parkesburg, the new organization occupying 
 the church's building there. Mr. Hires continued to sup- 
 ply the pulpits of both churches until 1855, when he re- 
 signed (he now lives in Baltimore, where he is a pastor). In 
 the same j'ear Rev. Joseph Curran was elected pastor, and 
 during the year the Parkesburg Church, which had not 
 flourished, disbanded, the greater part of its members com- 
 ing back to Glen Run, the meeting-house there reverting 
 to this organization, and Services in it being continued with 
 more or less regularity until its sale, eight years later. In 
 1856, Rev. Mr. Curran resigned, and removed to Sharps- 
 bui-g, Pa. He has been dead for a number of years. Revs. 
 John P. Walton, Benjamin H. Fish, and George H. Mitchell, 
 with others, acted as supplies for the next two years and a 
 half. In the winter of 1857-58 the meetings of the 
 church were held in the school-house in Penningtonville. 
 
 In 1858 the inconvenient situation of the church build- 
 ing became so seriously felt that the erection of the present 
 church edifice in Penningtonville was begun. The base- 
 ment was occupied early in 1850, where Rev. Leonard 
 Fletcher held a very successful scries of meetings. He 
 assumed the pastorate April 1st, but died August 16th fol- 
 lowing. While without a pastor the pulpit was filled by 
 Rev. William Jones. In November, 1860, Rev. William 
 T. Bunker was chosen pastor, and accepted the call. In 
 December the new church building was finished at a cost of 
 $0000, and was dedicated, Rev. J. Hyatt Smith preaching 
 the sermon upon that occasion. In 1862, Rev. Mr. Bun- 
 ker's resignation was accepted, and in the following year 
 Rev. A. H. Bliss settled as pastor. In the same year the 
 Parkesburg meeting-house was sold. In August, 1864, 
 Rev. Mr. Bliss resigned, and entered the Union army as a 
 private soldier. In 1865, Rev. Joseph Sharp entered upon 
 the pa.storate, and closed his successful pastorship in 1869. 
 In 1870, Rev. W. W. Dalbey, now of Philadelphia, was 
 called. In January of that year Nathaniel Davis, an old 
 and valued member, bought an acre of ground adjoining 
 the Presbyterian graveyard in Penningtonville, and gave it 
 to the church for a cemetery, which lot and one adjoinini' 
 the old church building are both now used as burial- 
 grounds. This year a frame chapel was built by the church 
 in Parkesburg, which is still used as an out-station, and in 
 which regular services have been held ever since. 
 
 In September, 1871, Rev. Mr. Dalbey resigned, and was 
 succeeded in 1872 by Rev. James Walden. He finished 
 a prosperous pastorate in March, 1877. In September of 
 same year Rev. T. S. Snow, of South Amboy, accepted the 
 call of the church, and is still its pastor. His pastorate 
 has been a successful one, and on Jan. 1, 1880, the church 
 numbered 258 members. The old church building, two miles 
 south of the one now used, is still owned by the church 
 and remains in nearly its original condition, being used for 
 Sunday-school and other purposes. 
 
 VINCENT. 
 This was first organized in 1737 as a branch of the 
 Great Valley Church, which built the meeting-house 
 ou a lot less than 200 yards from the present church 
 
 edifice. Rev. William Davis, an ordained minister from 
 Wales, who settled near Yellow Springs, with Rev. John 
 Davis, pastor of Great Valley, supplied Vincent with 
 preaching for some years. In 1748 the Vincent brethren 
 were granted by the Great Valley Church independent ac- 
 tion, as far as was necessary to the observance of the ordi- 
 nances and the discipline of their number. Rev. William 
 Davis was given a release of membership by letter, and 
 went to the church at Montgomery. May 27, 1750, was 
 received by the Vincent Church a letter of dismission from 
 the Welsh Tract of that able minister, Rev. Owen Thomas, 
 who settled in these parts, and preached here and. in other 
 places. In 1748, John Bowen was appointed to lead the 
 Psalms, with William Gros.son as a substitute. The fol- 
 lowing were the original members : 
 
 John Bowen and Jane, his wife; David Jenlting and Marthn, 
 his wife; John James and Lottice, his wife, and Eleanor, their 
 daughter; John Morgan and his wife Mary; John Pierce; Isaac 
 Adams; Elizabeth Rogers; Sarah Rees ; Francis Boulton ; Rees 
 Lewis and Sarah, his wife; Mary David (widow); Margaret Evans; 
 Lettiee Evans; John and James Fay; Elizabeth Rees; Mary Pugh; 
 AVilliam Gronow, — 25 in all. 
 
 Nov. 12, 1760, Rev. Owen Thomas died, and a marble 
 slab in the Vincent burial-ground contains this inscription : 
 
 " Here lies the body of the Rev. Mr. Owen Thomas, who departed 
 this life Nov. ]2th, 1760, in the sixty-ninth year of his age. 
 " In yonder house I spent my breath, 
 And now lie slumbering here in death; 
 Those lips shall wake, and then declare 
 Amen ! to truths they published there." 
 
 For the next ten years it was supplied more or less by 
 preaching from the pastors of Great Valley ; at other times 
 by Thomas Davis, and often by transient ministers. Desir- 
 ing to be constituted into a separate church, the Vincent 
 brethren appointed David and Owen Thomas, Joseph and 
 David Philips, messengers to request their dismission from 
 the Great Valley and constitution into a new church. On 
 Sept. 21, 1771, the prayer was granted, and the following 
 members dismissed by the Great Valley Church : 
 
 John Thomas, Lettiee James, David Jenkins, Martha Jenkins, 
 William (Jordon, Isabel (Jordon, Joseph Philips, Mary Philips, 
 Josiah Philips, David Philips, Mary Philip.=, John Philips, Mar- 
 garet Philips, Thomas Thomas, Elizabeth Thomas, Sarah Adams, 
 Mary Edwards, Sarah Edwards, Martha Edwards, Ann Frances, Re- 
 becca Rees, Mary Martin, Eleanor Mai-tin, S.arah Evans, Thomas 
 Morris, Hannah Morris, William Wells, Rebecca AVells, Hannah 
 Morgan, Edward Jones, Mary Lloyd, Elizabeth Martin, William 
 Gronow, Rebecca Cox, Emma Vaughn, Margaret Smith, Margaret 
 John, Letliee John, Eleanor Davis, Sarah Worthington, Hannah 
 Rateman, Elizabeth Thomas. Enoch Lewis, Catharine Lewis, Mary 
 Griffith, James Thomas, Owen Thomas, Ruth Thomas. 
 
 Oct. 12, 1771, Vincent Baptist Church was duly con- 
 stituted. April 6, 1791, it was incorporated by the Legis- 
 lature, with Evan Miles, James Thomas, Thomas Lloyd, 
 Josiah Philips, Jr., Evan Lewis, of the church, and James 
 John and Jesse John, of the congregation, with their suc- 
 cessors, appointed by the charter as trustees. The minutes 
 of the Philadelphia Baptist Association show that the 
 Vincent Church was received into that body in 1771, with 
 the name of John Blackwell as minister, and with 52 mem- 
 bers. The following shows the years it was represented in 
 the above Association, by what delegates, and number of 
 its membership : 
 
BAPTIST CHURCHES. 
 
 265 
 
 1773, David Thomas 57 
 
 1774, William Wells and David Philips..'..,,..'.".""" 57 
 
 1787, Not represented \[ ,35 
 
 1792, John Quein 24 
 
 1794, Thomas Flei-son; .....^............. 23 
 
 1796, Thomas Fleeson !!!!.."!!]!!!!!!!!. 19 
 
 1799, Josiah Philips, Eneas Miles, Thomas Lioy'd!.".. 30 
 
 In 1775, Daniel Evans, dying, left by his will two-thirds 
 of the income of a farm to help sustain the preaching of 
 this church, and some years after the Legislature author- 
 ized the sale of said farm, and two-thirds of its proceeds to 
 be put at interest, and the said interest to be applied to the 
 salary of its pastor. The amount realized to the church 
 was $4396.91, the interest of which is an annual income 
 towards the salary of its minister. The successors of Ilev. 
 John Blackwell were Eevs. Abel Griffith and Thomas 
 Fleeson, — three pastors in twenty-nine years, — up to 1800. 
 In 1804, Rev. Thomas Fleeson lost his eyesight, and the 
 venerable Brother Joshua Vaughan ministered for some 
 time. In 1810, Rev. H. G. Jones was supplying the pul- 
 pit, and in 1814, Rev. Daniel James became the officiating 
 minister, and during the year 26 persons were baptized. 
 In 1815, Nat Miles and Philip Souders were chosen dea- 
 cons. In April, 1818, Rev. Charles Moore was called, and 
 in 1819 the church sold him ten acres of its land. In 
 May, 1829, its first Sunday-school was opened, with Enos 
 Philips and Sarah Tustin as superintendents. In April of 
 same year Owen Philips was ordained deacon, and in De- 
 cember Enos M. Philips and John Tucker were licensed 
 to preach. In May, 1833, a missionary society was organ- 
 ized. From October, 1831, to August, 1833, occurred two 
 great revivals and protracted meetings (conducted by Revs. 
 J. H. Kennard, Levi Tucker, William T. Brantly, George 
 J. Miles, Michael Quinn, John Tucker, Thomas C. Teas- 
 dale, Simeon Seigfried, Leonard Fletcher, Josiah and Enos 
 M. Philips), by which 180 persons were added to the 
 church by baptism. In January, 1833, a tract society was 
 formed, and in May the church attached itself to the Cen- 
 tral Union Baptist Association. In February of this year 
 39 members were dismissed to form the Windsor Church, 
 and Josiah Philips, ordained in 1832, went with them as 
 their pastor. The stated clerks since 1833 have been S. 
 Shearer, Isaac Finch, S. D. Davis, J. H. Latshaw, Abel 
 Evans, and S. Bingaman, the latter since April, 1869. In 
 April, 1833, Samuel Shearer was licensed to preach and 
 chosen clerk. In 1840 a lot was purchased of Robert Orr, 
 and a house built thereon for the church sexton. Feb. 26, 
 1842, Rev. Charles Moore resigned the pastoral charge, 
 after his labors of twenty-two years and eight months, 
 during which 273 additions were made by baptism, 36 by 
 letter, 2 licensed to preach, and 1 ordained to the gospel 
 ministry. In February, 1843, Rev. J. V. Allison was 
 called and settled as the pastor, and continued until April, 
 1847. In August, 1847, Rev. A. J. Hires accepted the 
 pastorship, and remained until February, 1851, baptizing 
 -36 persons and receiving 11 by letter. On April 27, 1850, 
 Amos B. Still was licensed to preach. In May, 1851, 
 Rev. J. N. Tucker became the pastor, and continued to 
 April, 1853, baptizing 51 persons, and during his charge 
 the church building was enlarged at a cost of $2370.90. 
 In December, 1852, J. W. Griffith was licensed to preach, 
 34 
 
 and supplied the pulpit from July, 1853, to December, 
 1854, at which time Rev. A. J. Hay was installed. lie 
 remained until April, 1858. In May, 1859, Rev, George 
 Sleeper was called, and continued until his death, March 
 19, 1860. During his term 73 were added by baptism and 
 17 by letter, also was erected the parsonage, at a cost of 
 $1800, and the stone meeting-house, at an out-station 
 (Birchrunville), at a cost of $800, In May, 1862, Phebe 
 Christman died, leaving a bequest of $300, the interest of 
 which was to be paid towards the annual salary of the 
 pastor. In November, 1864, the following deacons were 
 ordained ; J. H. Latshaw, Edwin Frick, George B. Stitc- 
 ler, Levi Prizer, and J. B. Latshaw. In September 1860, 
 Rev. T. C. Gessford was chosen pastor, and so 'continued 
 until Feb. 25, 1869. In February, 1870, J. H, Sagebeer 
 conducted a scries of meetings with large accessions, and 
 in the following month he was called as pastor. In Jan- 
 uary, 1871, S. F. Forgues was licensed to preach. The 
 church is in a most flourishing state, its Sunday-schools in 
 good working order, and three out-stations are supplied 
 with preaching, in addition to the pastor's labors at Vin- 
 cent. The deed for the church lot is dated Aug. 23, 1797, 
 from the West New Jersey Society, Peter Hamond, and 
 others, by attorney Robert Morris, and its metes and bounds 
 are as follows : 
 
 Beginning in lino dividing Vincent and Pikeland, a corner of 
 David Zublin,thenceN. 51iW. 9.6;S. 68i,W. 64; S.13iB.26; S. 52 
 E. 8.4; N. 38} E. 66.5 to beginning, containing 7.79 acres. 
 
 BEULAH. 
 
 Beulah Baptist Church was constituted and recognized 
 as a regular Baptist Church June 3, 1823. The constitu- 
 ent members were dismissed from Hephzibah, viz. : 
 
 William McNeil, Joseph Rupert, Jonathan Gordon, Elizabeth 
 Gordon, Jacob Hopple, Margaret Hopple, Adam Ilufnal, Ellen Huf- 
 nal, Charlotte Hopple, Sarah Stone, Isaac Edwards, Sophia Edwards, 
 Christiana Achutf, John Achuif, John Elliot, Ann Edwards, Rachel 
 Jones, Elizabeth Robinson, and Catharine Miller. 
 
 Ministers present : Jethro Johnson, James Jones, Joseph 
 Mathias, Charles Moore, Samuel Smith, and Jesse Wal- 
 raven ; also Robert Graham, pastor of New London Pres- 
 byterian Church. The meeting-house was built in the year 
 1823. Jethro Johnson was pastor of the church, in con- 
 nection with Hephzibah, until his death, July 15, 1838. 
 He was succeeded by Enos Philips, Sept. 29, 1838. Robert 
 Compton succeeded the latter. May 22, 1841, and was pastor 
 until April 23, 1 842, when William Rudy became pastor, 
 and continued until March, 1845, when Robert Compton 
 again returned, and served the church till some time in 
 1849. William M. Whitehead was ordained, and became 
 pastor Oct. 17, 1850. He only remained about eighteen 
 months, and the church was supplied by different ministers 
 until 1854, when J. Perry Hall became pastor, and con- 
 tinued till 1859. During his pastorate the meeting-house 
 was repaired, the interior being entirely renewed. 
 
 Aug. 27, 1859, M. K. Williams was ordained, and served 
 as pastor until removed by death, Oct. 19, 1860. J. M. 
 Perry took charge of the church Jan. 1, 1861, and officiated 
 three years. J. D. R. Strayer succeeded him, Jan. 1, 1865, 
 and was pastor about eighteen months. It depended on 
 supplies for some time. Aug. 24, 1 867, J. M. Lyons be- 
 
266 
 
 HISTORY OF CnP:STJai COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 came pastor, and resigned January, 1871. James P. Hunter 
 was ordained as pastor June, 1871, and resigned March, 
 
 1873. J. M. Lyons returned, and took charge April 1, 
 
 1874, and remained until January, 1877. Samuel God- 
 shallwas elected pastor June 23, 1877, and remained about 
 nine months, when he was succeeded by W. R. McNeil. 
 We are indebted for information to Jacob Thomas, the clerk. 
 
 WINDSOR. 
 
 During the summer and fall of 1832 an extensive revival 
 of religion took place at Vincent Baptist Church, then 
 under the pastoral care of Rev. Charles Moore, by which 
 large additions were made to the church. Several of these 
 were frdta Uwchlan township, who, feeling the necessity of 
 a place for religious worship nearer homo, united, and in 
 conjunction with older members of Vincent Church, to the 
 number of 48, obtained letters of dismission for the purpose 
 of organizing a Baptist Church in Dwchlan. These brethren 
 and sisters met at the residence of Rev. Josiah Philips, one 
 of their number, on April 12, 1833, and organized Windsor 
 Baptist Church. On the following day Elder Leonard 
 Fletcher preached for the church, alter which a committee, 
 appointed the previous day, reported a constitution, articles 
 of faith, and a covenant, which were adopted, and remain 
 as then adopted, except a slight alteration in the covenant. 
 
 Thus organized, the church met for worship at the resi- 
 dence of Rev. Josiah Philips, who preached by request. 
 During the summer of 1833 a house of worship, 40 by 60 
 feet, one story high, was erected on one and a half acres of 
 land conveyed by Isaac Evans by deed of April 27, 1833. 
 Joseph Beidler and Moses Lewis were appointed trustees. 
 In the autumn a lease for a baptistery on land of Moses 
 Lewis was made for nine hundred and ninety-nine years, 
 and a dressing-house and pool erected. 
 
 May 12, 1833, Philip Souders, Elijah Davis, Aaron Al- 
 lison, and Thomas Severn were chosen deacons. A pro- 
 tracted meeting was held in September, by which 59 
 persons were added to the church. In the following year 
 23 were added in the same manner. In the fall of 1833, 
 Rev. Thomas C. Teasdale agreed to preach once a month 
 for $100 a year, and on Oct. 11, 1834, Rev. Enos M. 
 Philips made the same agreement. Nov. 7, 1834, Rev. 
 Josiah Philips was invited to preach twice a month, and 
 Rev. William Stedman once a month. Sept. 19, 1835 
 Rev. G. I. Miles, of West Chester, agreed to preach once a 
 month for one year. As Rev. Josiah Philips continued his 
 labors, it is probable there was preaching every Sabbath. 
 
 Jan. 7, 1837, Rev. T. S. Griffith was invited to preach 
 once a month, and in April, 1840, he commenced to give 
 the church his entire time. Prior to 1840 the church 
 seems to have been troubled by the preaching of Mormon 
 missionaries, who obtained a foothold a few miles north and 
 west of the meeting-house. 
 
 Josiah Philips was unanimously elected elder of the 
 chufch June 10, 1837, and on April 14, 1839, he agreed 
 to serve as pastor for one year, being the first pastor men- 
 tioned on the records.* April 11, 1846, he notified the 
 
 » In July nnd August, 1842, ,. jirotraoted meeling was held near 
 the residence of .lames Guie, by whieh forty-five additions were made 
 to the church, nearly all of whom were dismissed in the following 
 Tebruary to form East Brandywino Church. 
 
 church that he had joined the Church of Christ, and re- 
 quested- to have his name erased, which was done. Feb. 
 13, 1841, Morgan Philips, Balser Essick, Joseph Beidler, 
 and Abraham Wagcnseller were elected deacons, the first 
 of whom resigned in 1846. Henry Essick (baptized Oct. 
 1, 1833) was, after preaching a sermon before the church, 
 Feb. 9, 1839, licensed to preach, and soon after removed to 
 Newtown. Rev. T. S. GriflBth resigned his pastorate Jan. 
 1, 1845, and was succeeded by Rev. H. S. Haven, who 
 died December 28th of the same year. May 10, 1845, the 
 membership was 195. Rev. J. M. Richards was pastor 
 from July 18, 1846, to Oct, 1, 1850; Rev. J. S. Eisen- 
 brey from April, 1851, to March, 1852; Rev. Uriah Coff- 
 man from March, 1853, until near his death, in the follow- 
 ing year. Rev. Mr. Reese, of Montgomery County, preached 
 every fourth Sabbath for several months. Rev. J. W. Grif- 
 fith, a licentiate of Vincent, became pastor June, 1855, and 
 continued four years. Rev. Jacob Lawrence, of Pequea, 
 was pastor for four years from April, 1860, and was buried 
 at Windsor a few months after his retirement. Rov. E. V. 
 King, pastor of the East Brandywine Church, served both 
 churches for nine months, when he removed from the State. 
 Rev. John Owen began to supply the pulpit in June, 1865, 
 and became pastor in October, which position he held until 
 April, 1867. A union with East Nantmeal Baptist Church 
 was soon after made, with Rev. D. J. R. Strayer as pastor, 
 who entered upon his duties in April, 1868. 
 
 In September, 1869, the erection of a new house was 
 commenced, and the basement was ready for occupancy in 
 January following, but the building was not finished for 
 several months. A brief history of the church was pub- 
 lished in 1870, from which these facts are taken. 
 
 Rev. J. M. Guthrie, who has been pastor for some years, 
 has resigned and become pastor of the Berean Church of 
 West Chester in the present year. 
 
 FIRST BAPTIST, WEST CHESTER. 
 
 This church, whose present location is on the east side 
 of South High, between Barnard and Union Streets, was 
 ^organized in 1834. Its records show that, according to 
 appointment, a protracted meeting of the new association 
 of Baptists was held at the court-house Nov. 27, 1833, 
 and continued until December 20th. During this time the 
 congregations were unusually large, and the services solemn, 
 with great interest prevailing. Revs. Fletcher, Teasdale, 
 Miles, Hall, Bradley, and Nichols were in attendance, and 
 labored earnestly, with great power and effect. Many of 
 the lay members attended from the Great Valley, Wind- 
 sor, Goshen, Vincent, Brandywine, and other Baptist 
 Cliurches. Nineteen persons were baptized, and many 
 were awakened. Soon after this a meeting of Baptist 
 believers, under the pastoral care of Rev. Thomas C. 
 Teasdale, who was the first pastor, was held at the house of 
 Robert Ferguson, Dec. 23, 1833, to take into consideratiou 
 the expediency of constituting and duly organizing a Bap- 
 tist Church in West Chester. After some preliminary ex- 
 change of views, it was resolved that it was expedient to 
 constitute a Baptist Church at this place, and that the same 
 take place Jan. 23, 1834, and that U. V. Pcnnypacker be 
 elected to represent that body at that time. A committee 
 
BAPTIST CHURCHES. 
 
 267 
 
 was appointed to draft a covenant and articles of fiiiih, con- 
 sisting of Rev. T. C. Toasdale and Messrs. Stetson and 
 Pennypacker. Mr. Denny was selected as chorister. The 
 meetings thus inaugurated continued to be held regularly 
 until February 2d; the congregations were large, and a 
 deep interest manifested. On one occasion 60 persons 
 came out as subjects for prayer, and on the first Sabbath of 
 the same month 14 were baptized, including Judge Ninirod 
 Strickland, who became an earnest and active member. In 
 the afternoon of that day the regular communion services 
 were held, in which about 80 persons participated. Jan. 
 23, 1834, the " First Baptist Church of the Borough of 
 West Chester" had been duly constituted in the court- 
 house, with the following members : 
 
 Nathan Stetson, Robert Ferguson, Joseph Cave, U. V. Pennypacker, 
 Isaac J. RUor, Orpha Williamson, Jano M. Quiiintanoe, Elizabeth 
 Entriken, Eliza S. Gorman, Margarotta Timber, Rev. Thomas C. 
 Teasdale, Joseph Eavenson, John Keeoh, Samuel N. Potter, Ann Pot- 
 ter, Ann Hunter, Julia Ames, C. M. Bird, Eujihilmy Ann Sixcom, 
 Susan Chalfant, Emma Entriken, John White, Sarah Ann Davis, 
 Delia L. Teasdale, Ann Eavenson. 
 
 Of these twenty-five original members, the following 
 only survive : Nathan Stetson, Rev. Thomas C. Teasdale, 
 and Ann Eavenson, none of whom now live in West 
 Chester. The first officers were : Pastor, Rev. Thomas C. 
 Teasdale ; deacons, Samuel N. Potter, Robert Ferguson ; 
 clerk, U. V. Pennypacker. April 21, 1835, a committee 
 was appointed to purchase a lot on Church Street, between 
 Market and Miner, which they did of Owen Stover for 
 $400. This lot, 50 feet front, is now occupied by the resi- 
 dence of George Fitzsimmons. After April 1, 1835, they 
 were debarred the use of the court-house, and no regular 
 services were held until Jan. 1, 1836. Samuel Bard 
 built the new church edifice for $1665, and the cupola for 
 $100 ; the building was 41 by 50 feet. In 1842 the tower 
 and steeple were added at a cost of $575, including belfry, 
 the bell being the one now used by the Fame Fire Company. 
 The church was chartered in 1844 by the Legislature. In 
 February, 1855, the old church and lot were sold to George 
 Fitzsimmons for $1800. In May, 1854, the church com- 
 mittee had bought a lot 64 feet 9 inches front* on High 
 Street, and running bacb to the alley. Upon this the 
 present church edifice was erected, pursuant to a plan 
 furnislied by Robert Lowry, a carpenter residing in West 
 Chester, who undertook the building by contract. Ground 
 was first broken June 3, 1854, and on July 4th the corner- 
 stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The build- 
 ing was so far completed that season that on the first 
 Lord's Day in January, 1855, the lecture room was occu- 
 pied. The finishing of the remaining part of the house 
 was proceeded with as the funds of the church seemed 
 to justify. Aug. 28 and 29, 1857, every part being 
 finished, the house was formally dedicated, on which 
 days the church for the first time occupied the main audi- 
 ence-room. Rev. J. Wheaton Smith, of Philadelphia, 
 preached the opening sermon from Matthew xxvi. 8: ." To 
 what purpose is this waste." The dedication prayer was 
 offered by Rev. Levi Parmley, a former pastor, after which 
 
 » Of John Lent 55 feet and 9 inohes, at $15 per foot, ard of David 
 Meconkey 9 feet at $20 per foot. 
 
 the pastor, Rev. Robert Lowry, in form announced the 
 character of the house, and the purposes to which, it was 
 to be devoted. The church edifice is a brick structure, 
 81 by 41, and its lecture-room is above groutid 11 feet 
 clear. It cost, including lot, $10,811.67. Since then it 
 has been remodeled and refitted, with a fine addition made 
 to the rear of the building, and adjoining the lecture-room, 
 of 40 by 50 feet, which is used for Sunday-school pur- 
 poses by the infant schools. The pastors of the church 
 have been : 
 
 Rev. Thomas C. Teasdale, from Nov. 1, 1833, to Jan. 1, 183-t. 
 
 Rev. George J. Miles, from Jan. 1, 183-1, to April 22, 1838. 
 
 Rev. Lemuel Corell, from April 22, 1838, to Doe. 1, 1839. 
 
 Rev. n. R. Green, from Den. 10, 18-111, to Jan. 1, 1842. 
 
 Rev. Silas W. Palmer, from April 30, I8i2, to Jan. 1, 1844; would 
 not consent to be ordained. 
 
 Rev. E. Andrews, from June 20, 1844, to Nov. 2, 1844; resigned 
 on account of ill health. 
 
 Rev. Thomas S. Griffith, from Nov. 19, 1844, to April 1, 18-16. 
 
 Rev. William A. Roy, from Nov. 26, 1846, to Oct. 24, 1847. 
 
 Rev. Alfred S. Patton, from Feb. 7, 1848, to April 5, 1851. 
 
 Rev. Levi Parmley, from Nov, 1, 1851, to May 15, 1854. 
 
 Rev. Robert Lowry, from Oct. 18, 1854, to Sept. 1, 1858. 
 
 Rev. AVilliam E. Walkenson, from Deo. 30, 1858, to Jan. 3, 1862. 
 
 Rev. James Trickett, from Oct. 1, 1862, to March 31, 1872. 
 
 Rev. Alfred Harris, from Aug. 1, 1872, to 1880. 
 
 Rev. W. E. Cornwell, from 1880 to date. 
 
 The officers for 1881 are as follows: 
 
 Deacons. — R. J. Haldeman, Emmer G. Griffith, Thomas Townsend, 
 Charles Burns, Charles H. Campbell, Ephraim Eldridge. 
 
 Cleric. — Horace M. Philips. 
 
 Trtiatces, — Henry C. Baldwin, Johnson Baldwin, George McLear, 
 William Welsh, Charles Burns. 
 
 Ti-eaeurer. — Johnson Baldwin. 
 
 Superintendent of Sund'ai/school. — David E. Allen. 
 
 PHCENIXVILLE. 
 
 As early as 1820 there was occasional Baptist preaching 
 at this place, at private houses, school-houses, etc., the ven- 
 erable Charles Moore, of the Vincent Church, regularly 
 preaching one Sabbath in each month for some time. May 
 13, 1830, several persons met at the house of Hosea 
 Nichols and agreed to organize a church, which was ac- 
 complished on the 28th of the same month, with the fol- 
 lowing constituent members : John T. Taylor, Jonas Shutt, 
 George C.Nichols, Abigail Nichols, wife of Hosea Nichols, 
 Tracy .Harding, Ruth Baylits, and Susan Jones. They 
 elected John T. Taylor and Jonas Shutt deacons, and 
 George C. Nichols clerk. The public services were held 
 in the Methodist church the next day. The sermon was 
 preached by Rev. John S. Jenkins, and the charge de- 
 livered by Rev. Peter Powel. For more than two years 
 there was no regular pastor, but they were occasionally sup- 
 plied by Horatio Gates Jones, Sr., and others. In 1832 
 the members were reduced by removals to 3, when a pro. 
 tracted meeting was held, and 22 others were added. This 
 meeting was held in a frame " shanty" of unplaned boards. 
 The first pastor, Jonathan G. Collom, was ordained April, 
 1833, and continued till April 1, 1834. His successors 
 have been : 
 
 Rev. William Smith, April 1, 1834, to April 1, 1836. 
 Rev. Thomas Larcombe, April 1, 1836, to April, 1837. 
 Rev. Dyer A. Nichols, April 2, 1837, to April 1, 1843. 
 Rev. Andrew Collins, Oct. 1, 1843, to April 1, 1849. 
 Rev. William S. Hall, July 1, 1849, to Oct. 1, 1819. 
 
2G8 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Rev. John P. Hall, Oct. 1, 1850, to May 31, 1852. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Currin, Sept. 1, 1852, to Oct. 1, 1854. 
 
 Rev. William S. Hall, March 4, 1855, to Oct. 31, 1S56. 
 
 Rev. Joel E. Bradley, Nov. 1, 1857, to April 1, 1869. 
 
 Rev. I. D. King, Oct. 1, 1869, to Juno 1, 1872. 
 
 Rev. G. G. Craft, Feb. 1, 1873, to July, 1874. 
 
 Rev. William H. Stenger, Feb. 28, 1875, to the present. 
 
 The following have been deacons : 
 
 John T. Taylor, Jonas Shutt, George C. Nichols, Henry Place, 
 Enoch Jones, I, M. Davis, Joseph Rapp, Joseph Pennypacker, Thomas 
 D. Grover, Thomas W. Young, John Morgan, Peter Rankin, Eber 
 Eachus, Henry Dyer, Isaac Philips, John Richards, Joseph McAfee, 
 and Levi B. Kaler. 
 
 The first church was completed in October, 1833, at a 
 cost of about $1300, but in 1852, the membership having 
 increased to 333, the building was too small-, and prepara- 
 tions were made for a new one. This was dedicated in 
 July, 1854. In 1880 it was renovated inside and out, 
 and a gallery added, increasing the seating capacity about 
 200. 
 
 EAST NANTMEAL. 
 
 The East Nantmeal Baptist Church was organized at the 
 house of John Liggett, now occupied by his son, bearing 
 the same name, Nov. 5, 1841. Of the 26 constituent 
 members, 9 are still living, viz. : 
 
 Rev. Josiah Philips, now minister at Jenkintown; Jesse' E. 
 Philips, Lewis Philips, Prisoilla Griffith, Eliza Liggett (still mem- 
 bers of the church); Mrs. Margaret R. Sigman, now of Pottsville; 
 Mrs. George R. Stitcler, now of Vincent Baptist Church; Joshua 
 Burgoyne, a deacon of Pughtown Baptist Church ; and Mary Harple, 
 now a member of Radnor Baptist Church. 
 
 Two of the constituent members were from Bethesda, 
 15 from Vincent, and 9 from "Windsor. Those from 
 Windsor were chiefly new converts, the fruits of meetings 
 held at the Union and Hause's school-houses by Revs. 
 Andrew Collins and Thomas S. Grriffith, and had been re- 
 ceived into the Windsor Church. 
 
 The church had no house of worship for two years from 
 its organization, but met alternately at the above named 
 school-houses. 
 
 In November, 1843, the house recently taken down was 
 dedicated. The sermon was preached by Rev. Thomas S. 
 Griffith, pastor of the Windsor Church, from these words : 
 " This is none other but the house of God, and this is the 
 gate of heaven." 
 
 The cost of the old house in cash was something over 
 $800. Much of the material, hauling, and labor was 
 donated, as is usual in country places. 
 
 Very special tokens of the Divine presence were mani- 
 fested during the first three pastorates, namely. Revs. A. 
 Collins, D. A. Nichols, and John Duer. During the first 
 year (1851) of Mr. Duer's ministry 88 persons were added 
 to the church, and 45 the second year. 
 
 In January, 1856, 11 persons were dismissed to aid in 
 constituting the Pughtown Baptist Church. 
 
 During the years 1861 and 1862 quite a revival spirit 
 pervaded the church under the ministry of J. W. Griffith 
 and many were added to the church. 
 
 The two men chiefly instrumental in organizin"' this 
 church were Owen Philips and Rev. Andrew Collins. 
 The first deacons were Owen Philips and Caleb Liggett. 
 Napoleon B. Markley, John Liggett, Jesse E. Philips, 
 
 Samuel Ewing, Solomon Handwork, Jacob Starrett, Sam- 
 uel Gartley, and Lewis Philips have served the church in 
 this capacity ; the six last named are now acting officers of 
 the church. 
 
 It is remarkable that in the forty years of the existence 
 of the church it has had but three clerks, and those three 
 were brothers, namely, Josiah Philips, Jesse E. Philips, 
 and Lewis Philips. During the year 1880 the church 
 built a neat and substantial house of worship, worth about 
 $3500. The present pastor is Rev. William H. Ellis, a 
 native of Somerset Co., Pa. 
 
 EAST BRANDYWINE. 
 
 The church building was erected in 1842, and the 
 church constituted Feb. 21, 1843. The first pastor was 
 Thomas S. Griffith ; deacons, Joseph Guthrie, James Guie, 
 and Lewis Gray ; clerk, William D. McFarlan. The con- 
 stituent members were : 
 
 James Guie, Harriet A. Guie, Wm. D. McFarlan,' Matilda MeFarlan, 
 Joseph Guthrie, Margaret Guthrie, Susan A. Bioking, Margaret 
 Bicking, John S. Bicking, Esther E. Frame, Bennet Powell, Rebecca 
 Powell, Martha Webb, Esther Palmer, Edith Moore, Sarah Hanson, 
 Eliz. Rump, Sarah Eerlin, David Mendenhall, Wm. Russell, Rebecca 
 Russell, Samuel Aikens, Phebe Webb, Lewis Gray, Rachel Aikens, 
 Eliz. Smith, Martha J. Robinson, John Silvester, Jones Knight, Ra- 
 chel Southwood, Eliza Pennington, John I. Gray, Parke Ingram, 
 Wm. Moore, Emeline Ingram, David Shuler, John W. Moore, Lydia 
 Bond, Susanna Gray, Isaac Foreman, Eliz. Gray, Eliz. Baum, John 
 Knight, Eliza Knight, Mary Moore, Jacob Liggett, Hannah WLite, 
 Barbara Liggett, Mary Yourt, Sidney Ingram, Eliz. Scott, Eliz. Syl- 
 vester, Margaret MoCulloth. 
 
 The church building was burned March 9, 1856, and 
 rebuilt the same year. Incorporated Aug. 9, 1864. First 
 trustees, Joseph Guthrie, James Guie, and William D. 
 McFarlan ; after the death of Joseph Guthrie, William 
 Guthrie was elected to fill his place. William D. McFar- 
 lan clerk the whole term (with a short interval of a year 
 or two by Joel R. Dean), and is at present the clerk. 
 
 Succession of pastors : Thomas S. Griffith, H. S. Haven, 
 William J. Nice, John S. Christine, John M. Richards, 
 George H. Mitchell, Jesse B. Williams, B. H. Fish, George 
 H. Mitchell, S. Livermore, E. V. Ring, C. E. Young, T. 
 C. Guessford, "Maris Gibson, T. A. Lloyd, William Mar- 
 low, and James M.. Guthrie. The parsonage, purchased 
 March 22, 1870, is situated in Guthrieville. 
 
 PUGHTOWN. 
 A meeting having in view the organizing a new church 
 was held Dec. 22, 1855, Samuel Bartolett chairman, and 
 Charles M. Griffith secretary. Jan. 17, 1856, it was re- 
 solved to abstain from the use of intoxicating liquors for 
 sacramental purposes. Samuel Bartolett and David Philips 
 were elected deacons, and C. M. Griffith clerk. Jan. 19, 
 1856, a council of delegates from East Nantmeal, Vincent, 
 Windsor, Phoenixville, and Bethesda Churches convened 
 and organized an independent Baptist Church at Pughtown. 
 A sermon was preached from 1st Peter, xi. 9, by Elder W. 
 S. Hall. The church has been supplied by the following 
 persons ; 
 
 Elder Theophitus Jones, August, 1856, to April, 1859. 
 Elder John Perry, August, 1859, to'December, 1861. 
 Eider John Entriken, May, 1862, to June, 1863. 
 Elder J. G. Walker, January, 1865j to June, 1868. 
 
BAPTIST CHURCHES. 
 
 2G9 
 
 Elder E. P. Barker, October, 1868, to Februftry, 1869. 
 Elder S. Bolsey, July, 1S69, to October, 1869. 
 Elder William Barrows, June, 1870, to the preeent. 
 
 June 14, 1856, trustees elected, S. Bartolett, Robert 
 McNeeley, William Reajjan, J. Rooke, and David Pliiiips. 
 
 Present trustees, J. R. Nyumn, J. Bur>?oyne, Rutus 
 Styer, William Nyman, and R. McNeeley; treasurer, 
 Edwin- Morris ; clerk, Rufus Styer. 
 
 The constituent members were : 
 
 Samuel Bartolett, Catharine Bartolett, William MoFarlan, Ilcbcooa 
 MoFarlan, Francis Brownbaok.Priscilla Nyman, Edwin Morris, Jona- 
 than Kooke, David Philips, Joshua Burgoyno, Samuel Wol.lncr, John 
 Funk, Catharine Morris, Matilda Rooke, Tamson Philips, Margaret 
 Miller, Sarah Funk, Sarah Quest, Sarah Curell, Charles M. Griffith, 
 Melchi Guest, Martha E. Griffith, Elizabeth M. Guest, Robert Mc- 
 Neeley, Alice Ann McNeeley. 
 
 In 1876 there were 85 members. 
 
 COATESVILLE. 
 
 Several persons in and near Coatesville met together from 
 time to time at different places until Sept. 3, 1SG7, when 
 a Council convened, with Rev. James Trickctt, of West 
 Chester, as moderator, and D. W. Hunter, of llephzibah, 
 •as clerk, and was recognized as a regular Baptist Ciiurch. 
 From the school board they had, on April 3, 18G7, secured 
 a building, which was then fitted up as a place of worship. 
 In 1869 the most of the building was torn down and the 
 erection of the present edifice commenced, the basement of 
 which was opened for u.«e about Juu. 1, 1870, and the 
 upper room dedicated Nov. 10, 1870. 
 
 The constituent members were : 
 
 Emaline Chandler, Sarah Clark, Henry Clark, Mary B. Campbell, 
 Jane Clark, Thomas W. Ford, William G. Ford, Ellen Ford, Rufiis 
 D. Ford, Benjamin A. Ford, Margaret Ford, Moses Ford, William D. 
 Griffith, Emma E. Griffith, Mary Jane Ho^ikins, Alice Happersett, 
 Annie Jakewish, Hannah E. Keech, Robert Kirkpatrick, Annie E. 
 Kirkpatrick, Sarah E. Kauffman, William Moore, Mary J. Moore, 
 Amanda A. Moore, Mary A. Miller, Sallie C. Miller, Ann Mace, Abel 
 G. Powell, Sarah M. Powell, Maria P. Rowe, Hannah D. Rhoads, 
 Mary Rudolph, Malinda Reese, Jarvis Rudolph, Samuel Sharp, Anna 
 Stott, Rev. A. C. Wheat, P. P. Wheat, David Y. Wilkinson, Rebecca 
 Y. Wilkinson, Isaac Wilkinson, Sarah Williams, Sarah J. Woodward, 
 Ruth Ann Wagner, Emma Young, G. Frank Young, Jane Young, 
 Jane B. Young, Susan Zook. • 
 
 The pastors have been : A. C. Wheat, chosen Sept. 3, 
 1867, resigned Dec. 1, 1868; C. M. Deitz, chosen May 
 2, 1869, resigned April 1, 1876; E. Wildman, chosen 
 Dec. 1, 1877, till death, June 23, 1880 ; E. Edwards, 
 chosen Dec. 5, 1880, to the present. Deacons chosen (all 
 still in office) : William Moore, Sept. 3, 1867 ; Thomas W. 
 Ford, Jan. 11, 1868; Joel R. Dean, Oct. 9, 1869; John 
 W. Moore, March 11, 1871 ; Abel a. Powell, March 11, 
 1871. Clerk, A. G. Powell, from Sept. 3, 1867, to the 
 
 present. 
 
 WILLISTOWN. 
 
 A Baptist meeting-house, to take the place of the old 
 one which fronted west on the " Intersection road," was 
 built in 1875 at Malvern. The structure is 56 by 80 
 feet in plan, and accommodates a large, congregation. 
 The new parsonage, just south of the meeting-house, was 
 added in 1877. 
 
 This church was organized in 1833 as a branch from 
 the Great Valley; present membership, 319. 
 
 The following are the officers of the church at the present 
 time: Pastor, Rev. E. W. Bliss; deacons, Jesse Thomas, 
 Abner Cornog, William E. Compton, Joseph A. Malin, 
 Franklin Rogers ; trustees, Joseph A. Malin. Abner Cor- 
 nog, John T. Harrar, George T. Harlan, Gideon T. Ruth. 
 
 WEST CALN. 
 
 The following extracts from the minutes of Hephzibah 
 Church contain all the history we have of the establish- 
 ment of this church : 
 
 February, 1812. — " A letter from the following-named brethren and 
 si.^ters was read, wherein they request letters of dismission from our 
 body, in order to be constituted into an independent church of Jesus 
 Christ, to be located in the neighborhood of Wagontown : 
 
 "William Davis, Eldad Roberts, Adam Rees, Joseph Allison, John 
 L. Kurts, Benjamin Kurts, Frederic Jesinskey, Jesse Rhoads, George 
 Brookman, James Hall, Mary Doran, Susannah Wilson, Anna Hum- 
 sher, Margaret MoIIarg, Ann \V. Rees, Eliza Ligget, Jane Boyd, 
 Leah Done, Joanna Mason, Ellen Allison, Rebecca Boyd, Lydia Boyd, 
 Rebecca Roberts, Ellen Roberts, Sarah Carney, and Mary Darlington. 
 
 " Whereupon it was Jienrdved, that the request of the aforesaid 
 brethren and sisters be granted on condition of their paying all 
 arrearages due the Church." 
 
 May 16, 1842. — " Br. Jenkins wishing to devote some part of his 
 time in the service of the West Cain Church, i" was lieinlBed, that 
 his labours be dippensfd with one-fourth of his time for that pur- 
 pose; a corresponding reduction to be made in his salary." 
 
 The church is now without a pastor, and the membership 
 small in number. 
 
 LAWRENCEVILLE. 
 
 Rev. W. H. H. Marsh, a young man about nineteen 
 years of age, began a series of meetings in February, 1858, 
 in what was known as the old school-house, resulting in a 
 great revival. The school-house being too small, the Ger- 
 man Baptists allowed the use of their house, where, on 
 Wednesday, April 14, 1858, a Council convened by invita- 
 tion for the purpose of organizing a Baptist Church. This 
 Council organized by appointing Elder D. Jefferis moder- 
 ator, and David Philips clerk, when the names of delegates 
 were read from the following churches : Lower Providence, 
 Phoenixville, Balligomingo, Vincent, Windsor, Brandywine, 
 East Nautmeal, Pughtown, Bethesda, and Caernarvon. The 
 articles of faith and church covenant were read by Rev. W. 
 H. H. Marsh, after which they were recognized as a sepa- 
 rate. and independent Baptist Church. Up to this date the 
 number, including those baptized and admitted by letter, 
 amounted to 67, — 25 inales and 42 females. The church 
 at this time being without a house of worship, purchased 
 land' of Stover Whorman and Michael March, erecting a 
 house 40 by 50 feet, with audience-room and basement, 
 at a cost of $1700, and dedicated Dec. 12, 1858. The 
 following are the pastors since the organization : Rev. W. 
 H. H. Marsh, to Jan. 1, 1860 ; Rev. John M. Perry, from 
 Jan. 1, 1860, to September, 1861 ; Rev. A. B. Still, from 
 May 1, 1862, to Jan. 9, 1864; Rev. Robert Dunlap, the 
 years 1864 and 1865 ; 1866, no pastor; Rev. David Phil- 
 lips, from April 1, 1867, to April, 1869 ; Rev. A. H. Em- 
 mons, 1870 and 1871 ; and from this time until May 1, 
 1880, Rev. J. Wilson Griffith, of Birchrunville, supplied 
 the church, when Rev. C. W. 0. Nyce was called as pastor 
 of the church, filling the pulpit to the present. 
 
270 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 BEREA.X BAPrrST CHURCH OF WEST CHESTER. 
 Jan. 9, 1874, a number met at the house of James 
 Hoopes, and concluded to withdraw from the First Baptist 
 Church of West Chester and form a new churuh for ae- 
 complishin}; a new work, being led to this action on account 
 of differences of opinion arising in regird to doctrines, and 
 for other causes. The following persons signed their names 
 for the new organization : 
 
 'Payne Gould, R. Maria Frame, James J. Hoopes, George Fitzsim- 
 mons, J. W. Cooper, George A. Frame, James G. Thompson, Mary A. 
 Fendall, Muria Howarth, Mrs. R. G. StriekKind, Mary Hoopes, Mary 
 A. Frame, Sarah M. Fitzsimmons, Susan E. Acker, Elizabeth J. 
 Cooper, Sallie W. Clouser, Kate Gilespie, Mrs. George R. Guss, Mrs. 
 Ann Howarth, Mary M. Garrett, 
 
 Additional names soon after increased the number to 39. 
 The first prayer-meeting was held at the house of J. G. 
 Thompson. Feb. 10th, at the house of Payne Gould, it was 
 resolved to organize into "The Mount Olive Baptist Church 
 of West Chester," and the officers selected were: Deacons, R. 
 M. Frame, Payne Gould, J. J. Hoopes ; clerk, George Fitz- 
 simmons ; trustees, J. G. Thompson, George Fitzsimmons, 
 J. W. Cooper. April 2d the name was changed to " West 
 Chester Baptist Church," and again, on the 1 6th, to " Be- 
 rean Baptist Church of West Chester.'' Services were 
 regularly held at Cabinet Hall, and the first sermon preached 
 was by Rev. W. R. McNeil. 
 
 Oct. 14, 1874, Brother J. D. Acker donated a lot 80 by 
 30 feet on west side of Walnut, between Miner and Barnard 
 Streets, and Nov. 2, 1874, the corner-stone of the new church 
 structure was laid by Rev. Edwin McMinn, pastor in charge. 
 The building was completed and dedicated the following 
 year. 
 
 The pastors of the church have been as follows : 
 
 Rev. Edwin McMinn, chosen May 6, 1874; Rev. William R. Mc- 
 Neil, chosen Dec. 29, 1875; Rev. T. A. Lloyd, chosen Dec. 3, 1877; 
 Rev. JamoB M. Guthrie, chosen March 6, 1881. 
 
 The officers of the church for 1881 are: 
 
 Trustees, Eli Baldwin, Plummer Jefferis, H. J. Clousor; treasurer, 
 II. J. Clouser; clerk, Horace G. Branson; assistant clerk, William 
 Baldwin; superintendent of Sunday-school, Plummer Jefferis. 
 
 LONDON TRACT. 
 
 The history of the London Tract Church is involved in 
 that of the Welsh Tract until 1780, and we therefore give 
 the history of the latter up to 1770. In the spring of the 
 year 1701 several "Welsh Baptists in the counties of Car- 
 marthen and Pembroke decided to remove to America, and 
 as one of them was a minister, it was concluded to form 
 themselves at once into a church. Their names were Rev. 
 Thomas Griffiths, Griffith Nicholas, Evan Edmunds, John 
 Edwards, Elisha Thomas, Enoch Morgan, Richard Davis, 
 James Davis, Elizabeth Griffiths, Lucy Edmunds, Mary 
 Jones, Mary Thomas, Elizabeth Griffiths, Jennet Davis, 
 Margaret Mathias, Judith Morris. These sixteen, which 
 may be styje^ a church emigrant, met at Milford Haven in 
 June, 1701, and embarked in the ship " James and Mary," 
 and on the 8th of September landed at Philadelphia. They 
 settled at first about Pennypack, and remained a year and a 
 lialf, during which time 21 persons joined them. Findin"' 
 it inconvenient to remain there, they purchased land in New 
 Castle County, and gave it the name of Welsh Tract, to 
 
 which they removed in the spring of 1703 and built a 
 meeting-house. 
 
 They were the first to receive the " Century Confession," 
 to which 122 of them subscribed in the year 1716. Their 
 records were kept exact, but written in Welsh, until the 
 year 1732. At what time a branch was established in Lon- 
 don Britain is unknown to us, but it was as early as 1729. 
 Thomas Morris, of that township, in his will dated Nov. 
 26, 1731, gives to Owen Thomas and Richard Whining 
 " £2 for the use of the meeting-house that is in Indian 
 town in London Britian." Another branch of the church 
 was in Kent County, thirty-two miles distant. In 1770 
 there were about 100 families belonging to the church and 
 branches, of whom the following individuals had been bap- 
 tized and received into communion : 
 
 Isaiah Lewis and David Evans, deacons; .Thomas James, Esq., 
 Thomas McKim, Esq., John Evans, Esq., William Buckingham, Wil- 
 liam Buckingham, Jr., John Buckingham, John Bowen, Thomas 
 Davis, John Davis, Thomas Jones, Joseph Gardner, Abel Davis, 
 Daniel Davis, William Eynon, Joseph Price, Lewis German, Benja- 
 min Jones, Daniel Griffiths, David Hughs, Hugh Glasford, Isaac 
 Hughs, Jacob John, James Jones, William James, Jacob Lemmon, 
 Richard Lemmon, John Townscnd, James Williams, Edward Miles, 
 John Morgan, John MoCormick, Enoch Morgan, James Mundic, 
 Alexander McKim, Thomas Robison, Morris Thomas, Nicholas 
 Paine, Jane Buckingham, Jane Bowen, Anne Bush, Hannah Bon- 
 ham, Sarah Braken, Ruth Cloud, Hannah Connoly, Mary Cann, 
 Mary Clark, Mary Rogers, Margaret Morphy, Esther Rees, Hannah 
 Davis, Rachel Davis, Elenor Davis, Esther Davis, Mary Price, Han- 
 nah Eynon, Jane Evans, Mary Evans, Rachel Faris, Mary Evans, 
 Rachel Griffiths, Mary Griffiths, Abigail Giles, Elizabeth Prichard, 
 Margaret Williams, Hannah Duglas, Gwen Hughs, Phebe Hughs, 
 Hannah Hughs, Elizabeth John, Tamar James, Susannah Jones, 
 Hannah Jones, Joanna Jones, Jennet Jones, Mary Jury, Choice 
 (Joyce?) Townsend, Sarah Whitten, Catharine ATatson, Susannah 
 Watson, Mary Watson, Jane Williams, Deborah Whitten, Sarah 
 Jones, Elizabeth Lemmon, Mary Lewis, Sarah Miles, Sarah Miles, 
 Jr., Mary Morgan, Hannah MoCormick, Margaret Morgan, Mar- 
 garet Mundle, Rachel Morrison, Elizabeth Morgan, Agnes McKim, 
 Siirah Oborn, Catharine Rees, Mary Roberts, Elizabeth Robison, Mary 
 Rhodewell, Jane Rowland, Mary Thomas, Mary Thomas, Jr., Han- 
 nah Thomas, Elizabeth Singleton, Rev. Robert Lemmon. 
 
 The first minister was Rev. Thomas Griffiths, born in 
 1645, in Llanfernach parish, and county of Pembroke, who 
 accompanied tjie first congregation to this country. He 
 died and was buried at Pennypack, July 25, 1725. His 
 colleague and successor was Elisha Thomas, born 1674, in 
 Carmarthenshire, who arrived with the others in 1701. 
 He died Nov. 7, 1730, and was buried at Wesh Tract, 
 where a tombstone was erected to his memory. He left 
 two daughters, Rachel and Sarah, the first of whom married • 
 a Jones, and secondly Rev. David Davis. A daughter by 
 her first husband married Johns Evans, Esq., of London 
 Britain, and had children, — John, Rees, Mary, and Oswell. 
 
 The third minister was Enoch Morgan, also one of the 
 original congregation, born 1676, at AUtgoch, in the parish 
 of Llanwenog, in Cardiganshire. He died March 25, 1740, 
 and was buried at Welsh Tract. His colleague and suc- 
 cessor was Rev. Owen Thomas, born 1691, at Gwrgodllys, 
 in the parish of Cilmanllwyd, and county of Pembroke, 
 who arrived in America in 1707. He continued in care 
 of the church till May 27, 1748, when he removed to Vin- 
 cent township, and there died in 1760. His children were 
 Elizabeth, Morris, Rachel, Mary, David, Sarah, and Owen. 
 He left behind liim the following remarkable note : 
 
BAPTIST CHURCHES. 
 
 271 
 
 " I hiivo boon onllod upon three times to anoint the sick Willi oil 
 for reoovery. The effect was surprising in every cnse, but in none more 
 80 than in tbnt of our brother, Kyniillt Howell. He wiis so sore with 
 the bruises of the wagon when he was anointed that be could not 
 bear to be turned in bed otherwise than with the sheet. The next 
 day he was so well that he went to meeting." 
 
 The next minister, David Davis, was born in 1708, in 
 the parish of Whitchurch, and county of Pembroke, and 
 arrived in this country in 1710 and died Aug. 19, 1769. 
 By his wife llachel, daughter of Rev. Elisha Thomas, he 
 had children, — Rees, Jonathan, John, Susanna, Mary, and 
 Margaret, who, except John and Margaret, in 1770 were 
 married into the families of Miles, Bonhara, Bentley, and 
 Parr. John supplied the church for a time after his father's 
 death, but in 1770 was about to remove to Boston. 
 
 Cotemporary with Rev. David Davis was the Rev. Grif- 
 fith Jones, born Oct. 8, 1695, at AUfsawr, in the parish of 
 L1aiion,in Carmarthenshire, who came to America in 1749 
 and settled at Duck Creek. He died Dec. 4, 1754, and 
 was buried at Pencader. 
 
 A warrant was granted Oct. 15, 1701 , to William Davies, 
 David Evans, and company for 30,000 acres of land. This 
 was probably what was known as the Welsh Tract, in New 
 Castle County. The London Tract Church was so called 
 from being within the purchase of the London Company, 
 in Chester County. 
 
 It was not until Nov. 21 , 1780, that this was constituted 
 an independent congregation, when the following appear to 
 have been dismissed from the Welsh Tract : 
 
 William Buckingham, John Evans, John McCorniick, Jane Buck- 
 ingham, Kuth Cloud, Ann Baldwin, Mary Evans, Phebe Hughes, 
 Hannah MoCormick, Sarah Whitting, Kachel Morrison, Rachel Mor- 
 gan, Gweny Dunsmore, Deborah Whitting, Elizabeth Robeson, Sarah 
 Bracken, Jane Evans, Sarah Scott. 
 
 The land upon which the church stands belonged to the 
 Evans family, who were among the most prominent mem- 
 bers. The record-book for 1780 to 1830 was destroyed 
 by a domestic in the family of John W. Tawresey, who 
 used it to kindle the fire as occasion required. For this 
 reason little can be given of the history of the church 
 during this period. 
 
 Thomas Fleeson appears to have been appointed pastor 
 Nov. 22, 1780. In 1808, Jethro Johnson was pastor, and 
 by agreement with the other churches preached two Sab- 
 baths here, one at Brandy wine, and one at Hephzibah in 
 each month. Thomas Barton, who died March 23, 1870, 
 was pastor for fifty years. Rev. George W. Staton became 
 pastor March, 1873, and was succeeded by Joseph L. Sta- 
 ton, November, 1880, who officiates at present. 
 
 At some former period a neat stone building was erected 
 with the entrance facing the south. In 1863 the house 
 was remodeled, and the entrance placed at the east end. In 
 1879 the graveyard was enlarged by purchase of land from 
 Lewis Passmore. 
 
 The oldest stone records the death of John Boulton, 
 who died May 19, 1729, aged fifty-one years, but it is 
 lying flat, and probably, not upon the grave. Other dates 
 are as follows : 
 
 John Devonald, d. Mar. 8, 1735-6, aged 52; John Evans, Jr., 
 d. Apr. 14, 1738, aged 38: Lydia Evans, d. Aug. 6, 1745, aged 18; 
 Mary, wife of Evan Rice, and dau. of John Evans, Jr., d. Jan. 20, 
 
 1752, and their dau. Mary was buried with her mother, aged 18 days; 
 Evan Evans, born 1732, d. Oct. 22, 1794; his dau. Elizabeth, b. 
 April 18,1774, d. Apr. 5, 1794; John Williams, d. Oct. 10, 1746, aged 
 68. 
 
 GREEN VALLEY. 
 
 From the records of Hephzibah we obtain the following : 
 
 " Whereas a Number of our members Residing in Ncwlin and Parts 
 adjacent having Desired to have Candidates for Baptism E.\amined 
 amongst them and Baptized there, having Considered their Case have 
 agrce'd that as many of them as shall sign this pajier be Constituted 
 as a branch of this church, and to have full power to Examine, Bap- 
 tize, and Receive members amongst them and administer the ordi- 
 nance of the supper when opportunity may serve. Provided that they 
 Continue under the Laws of Christ and the discipline of his Church 
 according lo the Scriptures and s-till remain as members of this 
 Church till opportunity serves to Constitute them into a separate 
 Church. 
 
 " Done at our meeting of Business 
 on the 19th of June, 18.34, and signed 
 by order of the Church. 
 
 James Jefferis. 
 Moses Keech. 
 Job Keech. 
 Jethro J. Jefferis. 
 John Woodward. 
 Thos. Lilley. 
 Jeffries Keech. 
 Robert Keech. 
 Jane Keech. 
 Jane Keech. 
 Lydia H. Keech. 
 
 Wm. Griftith, Clerk. 
 Phelie Rodeback. 
 Sarah Rudolph. 
 Betsy Anne Wilkinson. 
 Lydia Ogden. 
 Elizabeth Jackson, 
 Mary C. Jefferis. 
 Hannah C. Jefferis. 
 Mary Lilley. 
 Mary Jefferis. 
 James J. Wilkinson. 
 Hester Jefferis. 
 
 Elizabeth Woodward." 
 
 July 14, 1866, J. G. Powell, Sr., John Y. Woodward, 
 and Job Keech were appointed a committee by the Hepzi- 
 bah Baptist Church, of which they were members, to visit 
 Newlin and see if a meeting-house was needed in that 
 township; they reported favorably. In August, 1867, a 
 " harvest home" was held in Daniel Pennock's woods, which 
 realized $320. June 15, 1867, J. G. Powell, Strode 
 Powell, William Entriken, J. N. Peirce, and Isaac Jefi'eris 
 were appointed trustees for Ncwlin property, and J. N. 
 Peirce, Isaac JefiFeris, and William M. Powell a building 
 committee. June 24, 1868, the meeting-house was located 
 by Deacon Powell, Moses Keech, D. W. Hunter, and J. 
 Stroud, and July 30th the masons began work, the corner- 
 stone having been laid by Isaac Jefi'eris in the northeast 
 corner. The basement was opened for worship Dec. 3, 
 1869, when the pastor, Rev. D. W. Hunter, preached from 
 Isaiah Ix. 13. Oct. 9, 1870, the main audience-room was 
 opened for worship. A revival followed, lasting several 
 weeks, and 33 persons were added by baptism. The house 
 was dedicated Sept. 9 and 10, 1871, with a sermon by Rev. 
 Simeon Scigfricd from Psalms exvi. 16, and one by Rev. 
 James Trickett from Exodus xx. 24. The cost of the 
 building was $2672.26. The subscribers were : 
 
 Isaac Jefferis $320.00 
 
 Joshua N. Peirce 300.00 
 
 Proceeds of sale West 
 
 Bradford church 308.00 
 
 Proceeds of " harvest 
 
 home," August, 1867. 320.00 
 
 Hugh E. Steele 300.00 
 
 David Jefferis 105.00 
 
 Wm. E. Entriken 100.00 
 
 John G. Powell, Sr 75.00 
 
 Moses Keech 50.00 
 
 Proceeds of *' harvest 
 
 home" in 1870 310.00 
 
 Joshua Stroud 25.00 
 
 James G. Young.. 25.00 
 
 Isaac Paulding 5.00 
 
 Robert Irwin 
 
 $1.00 
 
 Amanda Hawkins 
 
 5.00 
 
 Ezra Hall 
 
 50.00 
 
 David Pennock 
 
 26.00 
 
 Wm. M. Powell 
 
 26.00 
 
 John Y. Woodward 
 
 25.00 
 
 John G. Powell, Jr 
 
 25.00 
 
 Joshua B. Broomall 
 
 25.00 
 
 Job Keech 
 
 10.00 
 
 
 5.00 
 
 Lewis Sylvester 
 
 1.00 
 
 Strode Powell 
 
 5.00 
 
 
 2.00 
 
 William Hewlitts 
 
 2.60 
 
 Total subscriptions $2474.50 
 
272 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 The balance of the cost (1162) was paid by John G. 
 Powell, Sr., John G. Powell, Jr., Strode Powell, Joshua B. 
 Broomell, John T. Woodward, Robert Keech, William H. 
 Jordan, and William Rubincam, each paying 120.25. The 
 lot was purchased of Joshua N. Pierce for $100, which, 
 with the fencing, furniture, stones, etc., added to the con- 
 tract price, made the total cost of church edifice $3082.2(5. 
 
 OXFORD. 
 For two years past Rev. William R. McNeill, of Beulah, 
 has preached to a number of Baptists at this place, and on 
 the 12th of May, 1881, a council met and recognized them 
 as a church. No building is yet erected. 
 
 SEVENTH-DAY BAPTISTS OF NEWTOWN, NOTTINGHAM, 
 AND FRENCH CREEK. 
 
 Morgan Edwards gives the following account of this 
 body, first referring to the division in the Society of 
 Friends, caused by George Keith and his adherents, some 
 of whom became convinced of the doctrines of the Bap- 
 tists : 
 
 "The Society of Kcithians most forward ia these matters was that 
 kept at the house of Thomas Powell, in Upper Providence, which for- 
 wardness, it is said, was owing to one Abel Noble, who visited them, 
 and was a Seventh-Day Baptist minister when he arrived in this coun- 
 try. The time they began to put their designs in practice was June 
 2S, 1697, when the said Abel Noble baptized a public Friend (whose 
 name was Thomas Martin) in Ridley Creek. Afterwards Mr. Martin 
 baptized other Quakers, viz. : Thomas Powell, Evan Harry, Hugh 
 Harry, John Palmer, Judith Calvert, Alee Vestal, Thomas Budd, 
 Richard Dungworth, John Powell, David Thomas, John Hannum, 
 Margery Hannum, Margery Martin, Mary Palmer, Elizabeth Powell, 
 John Beckingham. To them joined one William Beckingham, who 
 broke off from the church of Cohansey. These 19 persons did, Octo- 
 ber 12, 1697, incorporate, and proceeded to choose a minister by lot. 
 Three were put in nomination, William Beckingham, Thomas Budd, 
 Thomas Martin ; the lot fell on the last, who the same day admin- 
 istered the Lord's Supper to them for the first time. From that day 
 forth other Keithian Quakers were baptized, — Ann Compton, Samuel 
 Miles, Hannah Brun.«den, William Thomas, Jane Phillips, Edward 
 Lane, Edward Edwards, James Plnmley, David Phillips, Elizabeth 
 Paviour, Mary Clark, Elizabeth Hall, Rees Price, etc., — some of whom 
 lived in other parts of the country j but in 1700 a difference arose 
 among them touching the Sabbath which broke up the society. Such- 
 as adhered to the observation of the Seventh day kept together at 
 Newtown, where some of their posterity are to this day. The rest lay 
 scattered in the neighborhood till Mr. Abel Morgan gathered together 
 15 of them and formed them into a society, now called the Church of 
 Brandywine." 
 
 The Keithian Baptists distinguished the days and months 
 by numerical names, and held to plainness of language and 
 dress ; not swearing nor fighting. 
 
 Abel Noble is claimed to have been the first Seventh- 
 Day Baptist in Pennsylvania, and to have arrived in 1684. 
 His name is among the forty-eight who signed the reasons 
 of the Keithian separation. That he signed this paper is 
 evidence that he had been a Friend, to which may be added 
 his marriage at Darby Meeting, in 1692, to Mary Garrett, 
 a member thereof. 
 
 Speaking of the Seventh-Day Baptists, Mr. Edwards 
 says,— 
 
 "The first society we shall mention is that at Newtown in Chester 
 county, about 24 miles W. b. S. from Philadelphia. The meeting Is 
 kept at the house of David Thomas. Three families belong to this 
 place, whereof the following persons are baptized : David Thomas, 
 John German, Hazael Thomas, Ruth Thomas, Prlscilla Wane, Eliza- 
 beth Wane [Wayne], Mary Gilky. This was their state in 1770. They 
 
 originated In 1700 in the manner described, but their ministers, mes- 
 sieurs Martin, Beckingham and Budd dying, and none rising in their, 
 stead, they are reduced to a small handful." 
 
 By deed of Jan. 30, 1717, Thomas Thomas, of New- 
 town, conveyed half an acre of land to Philip Rhytherach, 
 Henry Lewis, and David Thomas, all of Newtown, and 
 within this lot the Seventh- Day Baptists buried their dead. 
 The land had belonged to William Thomas, father of 
 Thomas Thomas. It is now owned by the Newtown Bap- 
 tist Church by purchase. The mother of Gen. Anthony 
 Wayne, who was perhaps a Thomas, mentions in her will 
 that four of her children had been buried here, and directs 
 tombstones to be placed at their graves. Joseph Lewis, 
 Jr., of Newtown, has kindly furnished information respect- 
 ing this graveyard, with the following dates from the tomb- 
 stones : 
 
 David Thomas, d. 9, 17, 1734, aged 64; David Thomas, son of Da- 
 vid and Jane, d. Apr. 14, 1789, in his 79th year; Ruth, wife of David 
 Thomas, d. Feb. 20, 1792, about the 60th year of her age; Margaret 
 Thomas, daughter of David and Sarah, d. March 9, 1811, aged 24; 
 David Thomas, d. Dee. 12, 1839, in 80th year; Jane Thomas, d. 7, 23, 
 1730, aged 66; Margaret Iddings, d. Nov. 21, 1755, aged 84; Prlscilla 
 Wayne, wife of Humphrey, d. June 11, 1781, aged 74; Elizabeth 
 Wayne, daughter of Humphrey and Prlscilla, d. Aug. 28, 1768, aged 
 13 yrs., 7 mos., 18 d. ; Margaret Wayne, d. Jan. 11, 1764, aged 16 ; 
 William Wayne, son of Humphrey, d. Apr. 25, 1752, aged 3 years, 7 
 mos., 6 d.; Elizabeth Wayne, relict of Isaac Wayne, Esq., d. May, 
 1793, aged 84 years. 
 
 Morgan Edwards, in his account of the Seventh-Day 
 Baptists, proceeds to say, — 
 
 " The third society of them is at Nottingham in Chester county. . . . 
 The meeting is kept sometimes at the house of Abigail Price in said 
 Nottingham, but chiefly at the house of Samuel Bond in Cecil county, 
 in the province of Maryland. The families to which Nottingham is 
 central are six, whereof 8 persons are baptized, viz.: Daniel Osborn, 
 Joseph Osborn, Samuel Bond, Richard Bond, Richard Clayton, Abi- 
 gail Price, Ann Bond, Mary Bond. Here a Yearly Meeting Is kept on 
 the last Sabbath in August. This was their state in 1770. They orig- 
 inated frcm the Eelthians at Upper Providence, but having no min- 
 ister among them, and lying wide one of another, they have not 
 increased. 
 
 " The other society of them is at French creek in East Nantmel 
 township, county of Chester. Here is a meeting house 30 feet by 22, 
 built in 1762, on a lot of one acre, the gift of David Rogers. The 
 families belonging to the place are six, whereof 10 persons are bap- 
 tized, — Philip Thomas, Gwen Grifiiths, David Rogers, Abel Griffiths, 
 James Roberts, William Griffiths, Daniel Grifiiths, Owen Hughs, Ed- 
 ward Hughs and Ann Hughs. They have no stated worship in this 
 house, though it be the only one belonging to the Sabbatarians. This 
 was their state in 1770. They originated in the year 1726, when the 
 following persons broke off from the Great Valley Church on account 
 of their change of sentiments concerning the Sabbath : Philip Davis, 
 Lewis Williams, Richard Edwards, Griffy Griffiths; and the next year 
 William James. These five with their families removed to French 
 creek in the fore said year. Philip Davis and Lewis Williams did 
 preach among them, and after them John Brayman, but for some 
 time past they have been as sheep without a shepherd." 
 
 This church was in what is now Warwick township, a 
 short distance east of Knauertown. The old frame build- 
 ing disappeared many years ago, but the graveyard remains, 
 in which sleep the families of Templin, Thomas, Damp- 
 man, Evans, Knauer, James, Harris, and others.* 
 
 * " The oldest tombstone which can be deciphered is that of Elizabeth 
 Thomas, who died on the 21st of May, 1744, in the eightieth year of 
 her age; next to it la that of her son, Philip Thomas, who died on 
 Sept. 12, 1773, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. Another old 
 tombstone marks the grave of Thomas Harris, who died Feb. 28, 1748, 
 
EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. 
 
 273 
 
 In 1794 a petition was presented to the Legislature by 
 the Seventh-Day Baptists, aslcing relief from the penalties 
 attached to a non-observance of the first day of the week 
 as the Sabbath. Another petition in their behalf was 
 signed by a number of other prominent citizens of this 
 county. 
 
 DUNKERS (TUNKERS), OR GERMAN BAPTISTS. 
 
 Previous to tlie year 1724 the few brethren (Dunkers) 
 who lived in Coventry were not joined together as a con- 
 gregation ; but in the summer of that year, with the assist- 
 ance of Bishop Peter Becker, of German town, they organ- 
 ized themselves into a church, in order to observe all the 
 ordinances of the Lord's house, and to walk together in 
 love. On the evening of Nov. 7, 1724, they celebrated 
 the " love feast" and the Lord's Supper for the first time, 
 with eight communicants. Their names were Daniel Eiker 
 and wife, Henry Landis and wife, Peter Hefley, Martin 
 Urner, Sr., Owen Longacre, and Andrew Sell. Of these, 
 Martin Urner served as an exhorter, and was their first 
 minister, and in 1729 he was formally ordained, by the 
 imposition of hands, to the office of bishop, in which 
 capacity he served the church until his death, in 1755. 
 
 Morgan Edwards names the first minister Peter Urner, 
 and says he was born in Alsace about 1695, and bred a 
 Presbyterian ; came to America in 1715, became a Baptist 
 in 1722, and was ordained by Rev. Alexander Mack in 
 1729. By his wife, Catharine Reist, he had children, — 
 Mary, Martin, and Jacob, who married into the Woolf, 
 Edis, and Light families. Assistant to Mr. Urner was one 
 Casper Ingles. The next minister was Martin Urner, 
 nephew of the first, born 1725, in New Hanover township, 
 ordained 1756, and took on him the care of the congrega- 
 tion. He married Barbara Sweitser, and had children, — 
 Mary, Joseph, Martin, and Elizabeth. His assistant (in 
 1770) was Peter Reinhart. 
 
 At this time they had no public place of worship, but 
 met in rotation at private houses. There were about 
 22 families, whereof 40 persons had been baptized, viz. : 
 
 Martin Urner (minister) and wife, Peter Reinhart (exhorter), Owen 
 Reinhart, Henry Dafiker and wife, Nieholas Harwick and wife, Abra- 
 ham Grub and wife, Christian Monsieur, Barbara Miller, Barbara 
 Welty, Frederick Reinhart and wife, Barbara Urner, Elizabeth Ingles, 
 Catharine Grumbacker, Catharine Boob, John Eiker, Jacob Pfauts 
 and wife, Abraham Boch, Andrew Woolf, Esther Switzer, Wendle 
 Danfelser, Henry Bear and wife, Jacob Sweitser and wife, Maud 
 Reinhart, Jacob Light and wife, Philip Waggoner and wife, Eliz. 
 Holdcrman, Anthony Bernhard and daughter, John Light and wife 
 
 George F. P. Wanger furnishes, in addition to the fore- 
 going, the following remarks : 
 
 " Among the noted ministers of this church were Rev. George Price 
 (the first bishop), Rev. John Baugh, and Rev. John Price, known to 
 all as 'Johnny Price, the boy preacher.' Under his supervision the 
 present church was built, and through his instrumentality a Sunday- 
 aged thirty-four years. Richard Templin, the ancestor of the family 
 of that name, is buried here. He died April 13, 1775, in the eighty- 
 seventh year of his age, and his wife, who sleeps beside him, died 
 April 6, 1775, in her seventy-eighth year. John Christopher Knauer, 
 the ancestor of the Knauer family, is also interred in the ancient cem- 
 etery. He was born in Coburg, Germany, in 1702, and died Aug. 12, 
 1769, aged sixty-six years, ten months, and twelve days." — Potteiown 
 Ledgrr, August, 1879. 
 
 3.1 
 
 school was organized about 110 years after the founding of the 
 church.'' 
 
 This is now known as " Price s meeting-house." 
 
 EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. 
 
 The churches of this denomination in Chester County 
 are St. John's, in West Cain ; St. Peter's, in East White- 
 land ; St. John's, in Penn ; St. Mary's, in Warwick ; St. 
 Andrew's, in West Vincent ; St. Peter's, at Phoenixville ; 
 St. Mark's, in Honeybrook ; St. Paul's, in West White- 
 land ; Trinity, at Coatesville ; St. James', Downingtown ; 
 Church of the Good Samaritan, Paoli ; and Church of the 
 Holy Trinity, in West Chester borough. 
 
 Sketches of most of the above are herewith given. 
 
 The Episcopal churches of St. Paul, at Chester, and St. 
 Martin, at Marcus Hook, are claimed to have been built in 
 1702. We have seen specifications for building St. John's, 
 in Concord, dated September, 1722. Henry Nayle, of 
 Thornbury, in his will, dated June 11, 1726, says, " I give 
 and bequeath the sum of five pounds towards y' finishing 
 the church now a buildin in Concord," to be paid to such 
 as shall be appointed to finish the same. 
 
 Jan. 24, 1765, all these churches petition the Assembly 
 for aid, the minister, wardens, and vestry of St. John's 
 representing that they " have at present a very small Place 
 of Worship, the same being a Frame Building, with Clap- 
 boards, erected about forty years ago ; which wants consid- 
 erable Enlargement by Reason of the great Number of ser- 
 vants and others of low Circumstances who frequent it.'' 
 The next day the House agreed that these three churches 
 might receive £300 out of the proceeds of a lottery de- 
 signed to aid the Episcopal Churches of Philadelphia and 
 other parts of the province. The act authorizing the lot- 
 tery was passed Feb. 15, 1765, but there was much delay 
 in disposing of the tickets, and the time of drawing was 
 postponed more than once. 
 
 ST. DAVID'S, RADNOR. 
 St. David's (commonly called Radnor) Episcopal church, 
 situated about a mile and a half southwest of Radnor 
 Station, Pennsylvania Railroad, at the junction of New- 
 town township, Delaware County, and Easttown township, 
 Chester County, was established by a colony of Welsh- 
 men, who emigrated from Radnorshire, Wales, about the 
 year 1685. Concerning the early history of this ven- 
 erable institution very little is definitely known. Tradition 
 speaks decidedly of a log church near the site of the present 
 edifice as early as the seventeenth century, which was finally 
 burnt. A more accurate authority, however, being letters 
 published in Dr. William S. Perry's work, entitled " His- 
 torical Collections of American Colonial Churches," shows 
 us that service was first held from the year 1700 to 1704, 
 by the Rev. Evan Evans (missionary at Christ Church, 
 Philadelphia), at the house of a William Davis ; and this 
 fact of services held here prior to the erection of the present 
 edifice is somewhat corroborated by the fact that in the old 
 church register are recorded births of children in the year 
 1706. Oldmixon, also, who wrote in 1708, mentions a 
 " congregatjpn of Church-of-England men" at Radnor; 
 while the ruins of an old log house on the property of 
 
274. 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Tfyon Lewis (formerly owned by William Davis), seeming 
 to mark the exact spot where the old church was established, 
 tends to reconcile tradition with history. 
 
 The Rev. Evan Evans, in a letter dated September, 1707, 
 states that he preached in Welsh at Radnor once a fortnight 
 for four years, and that among his numerous charges Mont- 
 gomery and Radnor, next to Philadelphia, received his most 
 special attention. The people at Radnor about this time 
 sent a request to the " Honorable Society for the Propaga- 
 tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts" that a minister might 
 be settled amongst them, which request was not granted for 
 nearly seven years, when, in the summer of 1714, Mr. John 
 Clubb, who had previously been a schoolmaster in Phila- 
 delphia, and had frequently preached here during several 
 years, was formally appointed as missionary to Oxford and 
 Radnor. In September, 1714, Mr. Clubb reported to the 
 
 ST DAVID S CHliBCH, BUILT 1715 
 
 honorable society that he had received subscriptions for 
 building a stone church, and that the people " obliged them- 
 selves to make it good." Immediately after these subscrip- 
 tions were raised, however, tradition tells us that sharp 
 debates were held whether the church should be erected on 
 its present site, or on a large lot of some 15 acres (known 
 as the " graveyard field"), situated near the junction of Su- 
 gartown and Reeseville roads. The present position being 
 decided upon, on account of its proximity to a good spring, 
 we are told by Acrelius that 
 
 "On the 9tli day of May, 1715, Pastor Sandel was invited to attend 
 the laying of the foundation of Radnor church, sixteen miles from 
 Philadelphia. First a service with preaching was held in a private 
 house, then they went in procession to the place where the church 
 was to be built, then a prayer was made, after which each one of the 
 clergymen laid a ftone aooording to the direction of the master 
 mason." 
 
 Mr. Clubb died in December, 1715, after which the 
 honorable society appointed Evan Evans as temporary mis- 
 sionary to Oxford and Radnor, in which station he labored 
 from the spring of 1716 until the summer of 1718. Rev. 
 John Humphrey, then missionary at Chester, supplied his 
 place until the appointment of Rev. Robert Weyman, who 
 commenced his duties in December, 1719. Mr. Weyman 
 also preached at Conestoga, Whitemarsh, Perkipmen, or 
 
 Evansburg, and in Chester Valley. At this latter place 
 the original log church was erected during his charge, about 
 the year 1728. 
 
 In 1719 we find the names of Mirick Davies and Evan 
 Hughes as wardens, but it was not till 1725 that a vestry 
 was appointed, as appears by the records : 
 
 Thursday, April 1, 1725. — "At a, meeting of the ministers and 
 members of the church of St. David's in Radnor, 'twas proposed the 
 new church wardens should be named for the ensuing year, and a. 
 vestry appointed, not exceeding twelve in number, to represent the 
 whole congregation for the greater ease of the people in carrying on 
 the affairs of the church." 
 
 Church wardens, Evan Hughes, Griffith Howell; vestrymen, Wil- 
 liam Davis, James Price, Thomas David, Joseph Coleman, William 
 Moore, John Hunter, Anthony Wayne, Thomas James, David Evans, 
 William Evans, Peter Elliot, John David. 
 
 Early in 1731, Mr. Weyman was removed to St. Mary's 
 Church, at Burlington, and no successor ap- 
 pointed for Radnor for nearly two years, 
 during which it appears by the old register 
 that a subscription was raised " for the use 
 of Mr. [Richard] Backhouse, who pretends 
 with God's assistance to preach here once a 
 month." In the spring of 1733, John Hughes 
 arrived, being sent out as missionary to Per- 
 kiomen and Radnor. At this time the ser- 
 vices were in Welsh, and we find letters from 
 Mr. Hughes to the honorable society entreat- 
 ing that Welsh books may be sent to him. In 
 1737 he was succeeded by the Rev. William 
 Currie, the last missionary minister at Radnor, 
 of whom there is further mention in the his- 
 tory of St. Peter's Church. 
 
 A school-house was built in the year 1749, 
 and also a " vestry-house" about the same 
 time ; the former stood on the knoll in front 
 of the church until within a few years. The position of 
 the latter building rests in doubt. " At a meeting held 
 Dec. 5, 1763, the vestry granted to Robert Jones the 
 privilege to build a pew on a piece of ground in St. David's 
 Church, adjoining Wayne and Hunter's pew ; he paying for 
 y° ground four pounds ten shillings,'' which money appears 
 not to have been paid, however, till Nov. 23, 1767. 
 
 At the outbreak of the Revolution, Mr. Currie declared 
 that, in accordance with his oath of office, he must continue 
 to use the liturgy in behalf of King George ; but as that 
 would be contrary to the wishes of his parishioners, he was 
 prevented from officiating, and finally, in May, 1770, re- 
 signed his charge. During the war the church was seldom 
 opened for service, and tradition asserts that it was fre- 
 quently used as a rendezvous by parties of soldiers. 
 
 In 1771 a subscription was started for the erection of 
 the present gallery, which was built under the supervision of 
 Gen. Wayne's father, then a warden of the church, and ex- 
 tended beyond its present limits, passing over the front door, 
 and joining unto the east wall. 
 
 In the niche in the north wall of the old church is placed 
 this simple inscription, " A.D. 1717." Tradition tells us 
 that from this niche a large stone had fallen out many years 
 before, bearing the date thereon of " 1717," and for this 
 reason the same dat« was placed on the new tablet. As 
 
EPISCOPAL CHUKCHES. 
 
 275 
 
 this date, however, flatly contradicts several official records, 
 we may justly conclude " 1715" to be the proper date and 
 the tradition incorrect. 
 
 In 1783, Mr. Currie again took charge of the church, the 
 ratification of the treaty between England and the United 
 States having absolved him from his oath of office. In 1788 
 he was succeeded by Kev. Slaytor Clay, the first American 
 minister, whose field of labor included also the Great Valley 
 Church, St. James', at Perkiomen, and the Swedes' Church, 
 near Norristown. For this reason he could not preach at 
 Kadnor oftener than two or three times each month. 
 
 Among other important events occurring during his 
 term, the church was incorporated in August, 1792, he 
 being the first rector of the incorporated body, and John 
 Jones and Thomas Read the first wardens. In 1818, Mr. 
 Clay's son, John C. Clay, officiated here about once a month ; 
 and in the same year the Eev. Samuel C. Brinkle settled 
 near Paoli, and at the request of the congregation preached 
 here every two weeks until Slaytor Clay's death, when he 
 succeeded him and preached every Sunday. To enable 
 him to do this, William Crosley, a wealthy member, sub- 
 scribed $20, and others, animated by this generous example, 
 also contributed, so that the rector's salary rose to nearly 
 $400. 
 
 The successors of Mr. Brinkle have been, 
 
 Eev. Simon Wilmer, from December, 1832, to July, 18.33; ReT. 
 William Henry Rees, from July, 1833, to September, 1838 ; Rev. Wil- 
 liam Peek, from October, 1838, to October, 1845; Rev. William W. 
 Spear, from January, 1846, to March, 1846; Rev. Breed Batchelor, 
 from March, 1846, to December, 1847; Rev. Thomas G. Allen, not 
 regularly appointed ; John A. Childs, from January, 1848, to August, 
 1850; Rev. Henry G. Brown, from 1851 to 1855; Rev. Richardson 
 Graham, from January, 1856, to January, 1861; Rev. Thomas G. 
 Clemson, from August, 1861, to June, 1866; Rev. AViliiam F. Halsey, 
 from Nov. 18, 1866, to the present. 
 
 The pastoral connection between this church and St. 
 Peter's, in the valley, was formally discontinued from April 
 4, 1836. The present parsonage was built in 1844. Va- 
 rious repairs and changes have been made to the old church, 
 but, owing to the fortunate opposition of some of the mem- 
 bers, the efforts of those who would have entirely modern- 
 ized its appearance have been frustrated. At this church 
 there was an old custom to sell land within the church 
 walls, on which the purchaser would " build y' pugh ;" and 
 thus persons could, with some appearance of justice, exclude 
 others from a pew, for which they not only paid a rent, 
 but which their ancestors had actually built or owned. 
 About 1830 a new vestry-room was built, and in 1871 the 
 present one was erected on and beyond the site of the 
 
 former house. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S, WEST CALN. 
 
 St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church, in the village 
 of Compassville, West Cain township, is one of the oldest 
 parishes in Pennsylvania. The first church, which was 
 built in 1729 by emigrants from Great Britain, was a 
 frame building, 22 by 20 feet, and stood on a plot of ground 
 containing one acre, it being within a few feet of the site 
 of the present church, which is the third one built by the 
 parish. Rev. Richard Backhouse, living at old Chester, 
 was the curate, and conducted services at St. John's on the 
 first Tuesday of each month for ten years, at the expi- 
 ration of which time, 1739, Rev. John Blackball became 
 
 the rector of the parish, and continued in that position for 
 three years, when he moved to Lancaster, and Rev. Mr. 
 Backhouse resumed the charge, and continued doing so 
 until his death, which occurred in 1750. For a year the 
 parish was without a rector, but lay services were held, and 
 the religious zeal was kept up. In 1751, Rev. George 
 Craig came over from England as a missionary, and he was 
 able to officiate at St. John's at least eight Sundays a year. 
 Notwithstanding the irregular supply of a clergyman, the 
 parish continued to grow, and waxed strong in members, so 
 that in 1753, twenty-four years after the parish was origi- 
 nated, a new and larger church was built, it being of stone, 
 and 22 by 48 feet in size, — more than double the size of 
 the first one. The parish was ten years in building this 
 church. In 1769, Rev. Mr. Craig was succeeded by Rev. 
 Thomas Barton, who was rector of this parish, as well as those 
 at Caernarvon and Lancaster, until 1776. At that time, 
 his health failing, he started home to England, but died on 
 the passage. His farewell sermon was listened to by a large 
 congregation, much affected at his leaving them. From 
 1776 until 1783 the pulpit was vacant, owing, no doubt, 
 to the general confusion incident to the Revolutionary war. 
 In 1784, Rev. J. Fred Illing, of the Lutheran Church, was 
 made pastor of St. John's, but in 1788 the Rev. Elisha 
 Riggs was installed as rector, and continued so until 1793, 
 when he was succeeded by Rev. Levi Heath. In 1799, 
 Rev. Joseph Clarkson took charge of the parish, and re- 
 mained there until his death, thirty-one years afterward. 
 In 1822 ho obtained an assistant, Rev. William Augustus 
 Muhlenberg, who, after two years' service, was succeeded by 
 Rev. Samuel Bowman, who remained until 1827. Rev. 
 John Baker Clemson then became assistant rector, and con- 
 tinued so until 1831. In that year Rev. Richard Umstead 
 Morgan succeeded Rev. Joseph Clarkson as rector, and had 
 charge of the parish for three years. In 1835, Rev. Ed- 
 ward Young Buchanan began his rectorship, which lasted 
 until 1845, when there was a vacancy for a year. In 1846, 
 Rev. Henry TuUidge assumed charge of the parish, and 
 remained for eight years. In 1854, Rev. E. P. Wright 
 became rector, and after two years was succeeded by Rev. 
 William G. Hawkins, who, after two years, was followed 
 by Rev. George G. Hepburn, who resigned in 1860. Rev. 
 Henry R. Smith then became rector, and remained for ten 
 years. He also held services at Intercourse, Parkesburg, 
 Churchtown, and Morgantown. During his rectorship St. 
 John's church was remodeled, and made a handsome, com- 
 fortable building. In 1872 he resigned his charge, and 
 in 1875 was drowned while bathing at Beach Haven, N.J. 
 For two years after his resignation St. John's had no regular 
 clergyman, when, in 1874, Rev. Thomas Mee became rector, 
 but left the next year. Rev. Henry TuUidge, who had 
 been rector from 1846 to 1854, was recalled, and still re- 
 mains in charge of this old and venerable parish, which, 
 during its existence of one hundred and fifty years, has had 
 twenty rectors. 
 
 The present church building is of stone, 40 by 55 feet, 
 and was erected in 1838. It is an imposing-looking struc- 
 ture from the outside, and the interior is very beautiful. 
 During the Revolutionary war a troop of English cavalry 
 occupied the old church building as a barracks. In the 
 
276 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 graveyard adjoining the church several hundred persons 
 have been buried, for, although the inclosure is quite a 
 large one, yet it is almost an impossibility at this date to 
 open a new grave without exhuming parts of human re- 
 mains. There are many quaint and curious headstones, 
 with skulls and cross-bones, and angels' heads and oldtime 
 epitaphs engraved thereon. 
 
 ST. PETER'S, GREAT VALLEY. 
 
 In the northeastern part of East Whiteland township, 
 near the line of TredyfFrin township, stands an ancient 
 church, known as " St. Peter's Episcopal Church, Great Val- 
 ley." In 1849, Rev. Thomas W. Winchester, the then 
 rector of the church, wrote a sketch of its history, which, 
 with some additions and alterations, bringing it down to the 
 present time, is here given. 
 
 The present church, it appears from the records of the 
 vestry, was erected in 1744, and the following note is en- 
 tered upon the first page of the vestry-book : 
 
 " 1744, Be it remembered that this year St. Peter's Church was built 
 under the care of Rich. Richison, Math. Davis, Jno. Cuthbert and 
 Morris Griffith." 
 
 The next entry is as follows : 
 
 "Memorand. that on the fifteenth day of April, A. D. 1747, was 
 held a vestry at St. Peter's Church, which was the first there ever 
 held, and the following persons were chosen vestrymen : Wm. Moore, 
 Morris Griffith, Rich. Richison, Matthew Davis, Jno. Cuthbert, Jas. 
 David, Jno. Hunter, Robt. Powel, Geo. Aston, Wm. Owen, Thos. Rob- 
 erts, Geo. James. Wardens, Edward Pearce, Jno. Evans." 
 
 On the site of the present building there once stood a 
 log church, but so little is transmitted to the present gen- 
 eration that no certain information respecting it can be fur- 
 nished. There appears, however, this record on the book 
 of the vestry: ''May 19, 1752. — The said vestry approve 
 of the disposal of the old log church.'' The lo^s were 
 sold to a member of the vestry, with which he erected a 
 dwelling-house for a son, who raised in the same a large 
 family of children. It is thought that the log building 
 must have been erected some forty or fifty years before the 
 present building was completed. 
 
 At a meeting of the vestry in September, 1748, a dis- 
 tribution of pews was made to sundry individuals and a 
 subscription made to finish the church. This subscription 
 amounted to about £140, the subscribers generally givin"- 
 £5 each. One subscriber to the amount of £5 was William 
 Currie, who held pew No. 7, and it is presumed that he 
 was at this time a lay reader to the congregation. 
 
 The following entry appears on the minutes of the vestry : 
 "St. Peter's Church, June 3d, 1750.— At a meeting of the vestry 
 then and there held it was ordered thut Rich. Richison aud Jno. 
 Potter should agree with some joiner to build a pulpit, u readin" 
 desk and a communion table, and to fioor and banister the same, and 
 accordingly they agreed with Jno. Wayne for £12 to do and complete 
 the same workmanlike." 
 
 On Dec. 4, 1770, the vestry agreed to erect galleries 
 along the west end and south side of the church. These 
 galleries were superintended and directed by Robert Powell 
 and Edward Pearce, the latter individual being also the 
 mechanic and builder of the same. 
 
 It appears that on Jan. 1, 1752, at a vestry meeting, the 
 minister of the congregation was present. This is the first 
 mention made of him, and the rector at that time was the 
 
 Rev. William Currie, who had officiated for some time 
 before this as lay reader. The probable time of his ordi- 
 nation was some time during the year 1751, he having 
 sailed to England for the purpose of receiving his ordina- 
 tion. 
 
 " Aug. 2, 1762. — At a vestry held this day it is ordered 
 that two stables should be built, 20 by 16, and two stoves 
 had to accommodate the congregation, the same to be had 
 and completed as soon as may be, the same being done 
 under the care and inspection of Edward Pearce, David 
 Jones, Richard Richison, and Robert Ralston, so appointed 
 by said vestry." These two stables were soon after erected 
 by Edward Pearce, and were of course intended to protect 
 the horses of the members of the church from the inclement 
 weather. These stables stood until the last ten or twenty 
 years, when, becoming old and dilapidated, they were taken 
 down and removed. 
 
 In 1771 a wall was built along the front or west side of 
 the graveyard by Edward Pearce, who seems to have com- 
 bined the two occupations of mason and carpenter, at least 
 as far as St. Peter's church is concerned. 
 
 On the 15th day of May, 1774, the following memoran- 
 dum is found entered on the vestry-book : 
 
 " At a meeting of the wardens and vestry of St. Peter's Church 
 held this day agreeable to the request of the committee of the difi'erent 
 Episcopal Churches in the city of Philadelphia, in order to delegate a 
 person out of our body to represent us at a general consultation held 
 in said city on the 24th instant, when John Francis was unanimously 
 chosen for the above purpose.'' 
 
 This meeting in Philadelphia, it is presumed, was called 
 for the purpose of organizing the Episcopal Church in 
 Pennsylvania, and also to adapt the church and its services 
 to the new state of aiFairs brought about by the Revolu- 
 tionary war. 
 
 The first title to the land on which the church stands 
 bears the date May 30, 1774, Math. Davis granting the 
 same to William Moore, Thomas James, Morris Griffith, 
 Richard Richison, and John Cuthbert, these persons hold- 
 ing the grounds for the use of the congregation. The price 
 or yearly rent of the ground is named in the deed at one 
 ear of Indian corn, to be paid annually whenever legally 
 demanded. 
 
 The church was incorporated by the Legislature March 
 4, 1786. The names of corporators were as follows : 
 Thomas Bull, Benjamin Thomas, Richard Richison, John 
 Rowland, John Francis, Cromwell Pearce, Thomas Wilson, 
 Joseph Rowland, Richard Robinson, Joseph Evans, and 
 Roger Little. 
 
 The Rev. William Currie, the first regular rector of St. 
 Peter's, served the church as such, in connection with the 
 Radnor and Perkiomen Churches, until independence was 
 declared. Feeling that ho could not violate his ordination 
 vows by refusing to pray for the king of England, he gave 
 up the charge of the churches, but occasionally preached 
 by request, and after Bishop White was elected chaplain 
 to Congress again officiated in the church, and at all times 
 performed the marriage service and administered the ordi- 
 nance of baptism.* 
 
 After the connection of Mr. Currie with the church had 
 
 * See also biogmphioal sketch. 
 
EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. 
 
 277 
 
 been broken, and also the infirmities of age coming upon 
 him, the congregation were for some time without a settled 
 pastor, its main dependence being placed upon occasional 
 visits from clergymen performing missionary duties through 
 the country. 
 
 In the year 1788 the Rev. Slator Clay, father of Jehu 
 C. Clay, D.D., of Philadelphia, took charge of the rector- 
 ship of St. Peter's ; he remained the rector of the church 
 until the day of his death, some time in September of the 
 year 1821. The character of this venerable man, which is 
 so familiar to many who are still living, will never be for- 
 gotten by the people of St. Peter's. 
 
 For about three years the church was without a settled 
 rector, and depended upon supplies. At the expiration of 
 this time the Rev. Samuel C. Brinkle was called to the 
 church, and he remained the rector for about nine or ton 
 years. His successors were the Rev. William H. Rees, 
 who officiated about six years ; Rev. Simon Wilmer, about 
 six months ; Mr. Rees again for a short time ; Rev. Wil- 
 liam Hilton, about four years ; Rev. William Peck, three 
 years; Rev. William H. Woodward, three years; Rev. 
 William L. Suddards, of Philadelphia, three months ; and 
 the late Rev. Thomas W. Winchester, who took charge of 
 the congregation in the latter part of September of the 
 year 1849. He was succeeded at his death, which occurred 
 in February, A.D. 1858, by the Rev. Samuel Hazlehurst. 
 Since Mr. Hazlehurst the rectors in charge have been Rev. 
 A. E. Tortat, Rev. W. R. Stockton, Rev. De Witt C. 
 Loup, and Rev. Thomas J. Taylor. 
 
 St. Peter's may truly be called the mother of churches. 
 St. Mary's Church, of which the Rev. Dr. Bull was so long 
 rector, may be said to be a branch from St. Peter's. The 
 members lived distant from the church, and as their own 
 neighborhoods felt the need of divine service, they came 
 together with their neighbors and erected church buildings. 
 This was the case with St. Andrew's, West Vincent. Some 
 of the steadiest members of old St. Peter's left it when this 
 new congregation was organized. So was it with St. Paul's, 
 West Whiteland, and St. Pet«r's, Phoenixville, and Trinity, 
 West Chester ; and, indeed, it is not to be doubted that 
 nearly every Episcopal church in Chester County has re- 
 ceived or drawn some nurture from this venerable congre- 
 gation, which has given until it is left impoverished for a 
 want of a sufficient number of people to fill its courts. 
 
 St. Peter's has been the recipient of several liberal be- 
 quests since its organization. Some of the money, unfor- 
 tunately, was not well secured, and thus a portion of it has 
 been lost from the pious uses which the donors intended. 
 
 The old church Bible, with the prayers of the Church of 
 England bound up with it, long in use at the church, is now 
 in a good state of preservation, though one hundred and 
 forty-three years old. It was published A.D. 1738. The 
 communion set presented by Queen Anne of England is 
 still in existence, but not now the property of the church. 
 
 We subjoin here extracts from Dr. Perry's " Historical 
 Collections of American Colonization Churches," in which 
 
 mention is made of this church. 
 
 " London, Aug. 3, 1728. 
 " To THE Ho.v. Sec. P. G. F. P. : 
 
 " The memorial of their lately arrived missionary from Penneylvania 
 In America. 
 
 "I must own to you that my labors beyond my lino and of travel- 
 ing from place to place, to keep the people steadfast in the faith, &o., 
 &o. ... to Perquiomine, which is 20 miles, and Whitemarsh, which 
 is 12 miles, and to Great Valley, which is 30 miles (from the place of 
 my habitation), where they have laid the foundation of a church just 
 before I left the country, and is about 8 miles distant from Radnor. 
 
 " Robert Weyjian." 
 
 Mr. Currie to the secretary of the Society for the Prop- 
 agation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts : 
 
 "Radnor, March 31, 1760. 
 " Rev. Sir. — I must beg leave to acquaint the Seoretiiry, that 
 although my hearers are many in number, especially at Radnor and 
 Great Valley, yet they are become so very careless and lukewarm, that 
 
 1 cannot get them to meet on an Easter Monday to choose a vestry, 
 &<>., &e. I am Rev. Sir, &,o. 
 
 "William Chrbie." 
 
 The oldest gravestone in St. Peter's churchyard bears 
 the date A.D. 1709. 
 
 The following dates have been taken from gravestones 
 in the burial-ground of St. Peter's Church : 
 
 James David, d. July 24, 1746, aged 73. 
 
 Roger Martin, d. July 1, 1770, aged 63 yrs. 9 mos. 
 
 Moses Griffith, d. Jan. 27, 1766, aged 79. 
 
 Cromwell Pearoe, d. Aug. 4, 1794, aged 62. 
 
 Sampson Davis, b. June 3, 1789 ; d. June 20, 1862. 
 
 John G. Bull, b. Apr. 26, 1772; d. Apr. 13, 1846. 
 
 Col. Cromwell Pearoe, b. Aug. 13, 1772; d. Apr. 2, 1852. 
 
 Ezekiel Bowen, d. Nov. 16, 1805, aged 72. 
 
 Richard Robinson, d. Feb. 16, 1811, aged 69. 
 
 Rev. John Gemmill, V.D.M., d. Dec. 14, 1814, aged 54. 
 
 John Ralston, d. Sept. 1, 1825, aged 81 yrs. 10 mos. and 27 days. 
 
 Nathan MacVengh, d. Oct. 18, 1842, aged 81 yrs. H mos. 12 d. 
 
 Rebecca, wife of Nathan MacVeagh, d. Jan. 5, 1833, aged 71 yrs. 
 
 2 mos. 26 d. 
 
 George Wersler, d. May 14, 1832, aged 81 years. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S (PENN TOWNSHIP). 
 
 The Protestant Episcopal church at Penn Station is the 
 fourth edifice which has been used as a place of worship by 
 the parish, which is known ecclesiastically as " St. John's 
 Church, New London Cross Roads." 
 
 The third building, now in a dilapidated condition, 
 stands in the old graveyard, one mile from the village of 
 New London. The second structure is in existence as a 
 dwelling-house, and removed from its original site. The 
 first, erected as long ago as 17 — , has disappeared entirely. 
 
 As far as can be ascertained from very meagre and much 
 torn papers, the pastors have been as follows : Revs. John 
 Gordon, 1744; Israel Acrelius; John Abram Lidenius, 
 1755; Elisha Rigg, 1791; George Handy, 1808; Jacob 
 M. Douglass, 1824 ; George Kirke, 1829. Rev. Kirke's 
 was a long pastorate of forty years. Since him the rec- 
 tors have been Rev. J. H. Mac EIrey, Rev. J. L. Hey- 
 singer, Rev. George Hall, Rev. Wm. Augustus White. 
 
 ST. PAUL'S (WEST WHITELAND). 
 The St. Paul's Episcopal Church, West Whiteland, was 
 organized Feb. 23, 1828, by the election of Cromwell 
 Pearoe and Jonathan Jones as wardens, and Joseph B. 
 Jacobs, Thomas H. Pearce, Dr. Andrew Wills, Robert 
 Ralston, William Tredenick, Thomas H. B. Jacobs, Em- 
 mor Elton, Isaac Pawling, Joshua Hunt, and James Ken- 
 ney as vestrymen. The church building was erected in the 
 same year (the corner-stone being laid May 1, 1828), and 
 consecrated May 28, 1829. 
 
278 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 The congregation was gathered through the efforts of 
 Rev. Samuel C. Brinckle, of St. David's Church, Radnor, 
 and he had as rectors or ministers in charge the following 
 clergymen: R. N. Morgan, from May 31, 1829, to Dec. 
 16, 1832; Cyrus H. Jacobs, from Deo. 16, 1832, to Jan. 
 1, 1836 ; William Hilton, from July 24, 1836, to July 26, 
 1841 ; William Henry Rees, from November, 1841, to 
 April 1, 1844; William H. Woodward, from Aug. 18, 
 1844, to Sept. 30, 1847; William L. Suddards, from Jan. 
 1, 1848, to May 1, 1848; H. Hastings Weld, during 
 the summer of 1848; Thomas W. Winchester, from Sept. 
 16, 1848, to Oct. 1, 1854; Thomas L. Green, from April 
 1, 1855, to Dec. 25, 1857 ; Samuel Hazlehurst, from Jan. 
 1, 1858, to April 1, 1864; Joseph W. Cook, from July 1, 
 1864, to Jan. 1, 1868 ; A. Emelius Tortat, from April 12, 
 1868, to Oct. 1, 1871; Robert F. Innes, from Dec. 18, 
 1872, to October, 1875 ; G. Livingston Bishop, from June 
 4, 1876, to Feb. 26, 1879 ; De Witt C. Loup, for a short 
 period, and Thomas J. Taylor, the present rector (1881). 
 
 During a part of this period the church was united with 
 St. Peter's, Great Valley, in one charge, and it is so united 
 at the present time. 
 
 HOLY TRINITY, WEST CHESTER. 
 
 The Church of the Holy Trinity was organized on the 
 23d day of November, 1835. The first vestrymen were 
 Cromwell Pearce, Lewis Brinton, John Solomon, George 
 W. Pearce, Anthony Bolmar, James A. Keech, John H. 
 Brinton, John Hunter. 
 
 The first meeting was held the next day after their elec- 
 tion, when they chose their first pastor, Rev. George W. 
 Cole. Mr. Cole's successors have been Revs. Edwin W. 
 Wiltbank, Richard Newton, Rt. Rev. G. T. Bedell, and 
 Revs. John B. Clemson, Lewis P. Balch, William Newton, 
 John Bolton. 
 
 The charter was obtained from the Supreme Court, bears 
 date the 28th day of April, 1838, and is signed by the 
 Hon. John B. Gibson, chief justice, and his associate 
 judges. 
 
 The first church edifice was erected on the north side of 
 Gay, east of New Street, in pursuance of a resolution of 
 the vestry, passed April 9, 1838. Previous to this date 
 there was no Episcopal edifice in West Chester, and those 
 who held to that faith had held services in the court-house. 
 It is said that the meeting which decided to build a church 
 was called by the Rev. Levi Bull. The first edifice is still 
 owned by the parish, and used as a chapel and Sunday- 
 school room. 
 
 Among the vestrymen of the church for many years was 
 Dr. William Darlington, the distinguished botanist, who 
 continued an active member to the period of his death. 
 
 In 1838 there were 18 communicants, and the Sunday- 
 school numbered 6 teachers and 32 scholars. The corner- 
 stone of the new edifice was laid July 3, 1868, by the Rev. 
 Henry J. Morton, assisted by the Rev. J. Bolton, rector, 
 and others. On the occasion an historical address was read 
 by Addison May, Esq. The officers of the church at that 
 time were : 
 
 Rector, Rev. John Bolton ; wardens, Lewis Brinton, James H. BuUj 
 vestrymen, Lewis Brinton, James H. Bull, Henry Buekwalter, John 
 
 T. Worthington, Wayne MaoVeagh, Eugene Panlin, William W. Jef- 
 feris, Cadwallader C. Sellers,. Charles S. Bradford, Jos. B. Dilling- 
 ham, Albert Entriken, Addison May ; treasurer of the church, Chas. 
 S. Bradford; secretary of the vestry, Addison May; building com- 
 mittee, Rev. John Bolton, Lewis Brinton, James H. Bull, Addison 
 May ; treasurer of the building committee, Addison May ; architect 
 and designer, Rev. John Bolton; contractor, Bently Worth; chief 
 mason, Strode Batton; sexton of the church, Jeremiah Caine. 
 
 In 1863 the present rector, Rev. John Bolton, was 
 called, and since his rectorship he has confirmed about 
 300 persons, and the total number of names appearing on 
 the church records of members is 430, a large number of 
 whom have removed to other parishes, principally Philadel- 
 phia. The present number of communicants is 160. The 
 Sunday-school numbers 135 scholars and 23 teachers. 
 
 The officers in 1881 are : 
 
 Rector, Rev. John Bolton; wardens, William W. Jefferis, Charles 
 S. Bradford; vestrymen, W. W. Jefferis, J. Hunter Worrall, George 
 M. Rupert, Dr; Wra. B. Brinton, George Achelis, Charles M. Grimm, 
 Dr. Joseph T. Rothrocls, Thomas H. White, Henry Norris, Charles S. 
 Bradford, Jr., Reuben Fithian, J. W. Nivin. 
 
 ST. PETER'S, PH{E]>fIXVILLE. 
 
 This church was organized in the summer of 1838, the 
 members holding services in the school-house near " the 
 KnoU." 
 
 The corner-stone of the present church edifice was laid 
 by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Onderdonk, D.D., on Easter Sun- 
 day (April 25th), 1840. The lot of ground was presented 
 by Messrs. Reeves, Buck & Co. The church, however, was 
 not finished until December, 1852, when it was consecrated 
 by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Alonzo Potter, D.D., LL.D. 
 Though small, yet it was over twelve years in being built. 
 
 The first clergyman sent as a missionary by " the Society 
 for the Advancement of Christianity in Pennsylvania" was 
 the Rev. Henry F. E. Whitesides, in the fall or winter of 
 1838. He resigned in the course of the year 1839. 
 
 In December, 1849, the Rev. Oliver A. Shaw took 
 charge of the church, in connection with St. Gabriel's, 
 Morlattin, Berks Co., and Christ Church, Pottstown. He 
 resigned in October, 1842. The Rev. Marmaduke Hirst 
 was the next rector, continuing in charge until the year 
 1845. The Rev. I. P. Nash followed, resigning his charge 
 in 1851, leaving only 18 communicants. The Rev. Samuel 
 Durburow was elected in September, 1851, and continued 
 in charge until the spring of 1855. In September the 
 Rev. George Alexander Crooke, D.D., DD.L., was elected 
 rector, continuing in charge about eight months. 
 
 The Rev. T. W. Winchester commenced his labors as 
 rector June 5, 1856, and continued in charge until Febru- 
 ary, 1858, about one year and eight months, when he died. 
 
 The present rector, the Rev. W. R. Stockton, was elected 
 Aug. 15, 1858; vestrymen (1881), William H. Reeves, 
 
 A. B. Emery, John Detwiler, Gen. B. F. Fisher, Harry 
 R. Griffen, James W. Pennypacker, S. R. McShea, Ellis 
 
 B. Reeves, William Quick. 
 
 Within the few last years the church has been greatly 
 improved and beautified, the walls having been frescoed in 
 oil colors, stained glass put in all the windows, a new and 
 large memorial window placed in rear of chancel, and the 
 church rendered very attractive in appearance. 
 
 The grounds have been graded, terraced, and planted 
 
METHODIST CHURCHES. 
 
 279 
 
 with shade-trees. A large and commodious rectory has 
 been built with all the modern conveniences. 
 
 The communicants now number 150, and every pew in 
 the church is rented. 
 
 A new and handsome organ was purchased April, 1879. 
 
 ST. JAMES', DOWNINGTOWN. 
 The records of this parish show that the services of 
 the Episcopal Church were held in Downingtown in 
 November, 1842, the Rev. G. T. Bedell (the present 
 Bishop of Ohio), then rector of the church of the Holy 
 Trinity, West Chester, oflSciating. The attendance was so 
 encouraging that he advised the formation of a parish, 
 and on November 6th, after divine service. Rev. Mr. Bedell 
 explained the customs and government of the Episcopal 
 Church, and at his suggestion a committee was appointed 
 to report the names of 12 gentlemen to act as vestrymen. 
 After a few moments' consultation, the following were 
 nominated and elected as vestrymen : 
 
 Messrs. John D. Steele, John F. Parke, J. B. Moorehead, Gideon 
 Taylor, Charles Pusey, Allen W. Wills, Dr. Andrew Wills, John Mc- 
 Kinley, J. Dutton Steele, Joshua Hunt, John Hunter (of West Ches- 
 ter), and Dr. J. Stuart Leech. 
 
 Services were held for some time at the house of Dr. 
 Andrew Wills, afterwards in the Masonic Hall, now St. 
 James' rectory. 
 
 June 20, 1843, the corner-stone of the present church 
 building was laid. It was finished, and consecrated by 
 Bishop H. W. Onderdonk October 26th of the same 
 year. The church was enlarged in 1864. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Bedell, of West Chester, was invited by the 
 vestry to take charge of the congregation, in connection 
 with his work at West Chester, which he declined. The 
 missionary society of St. James' Church, Philadelphia, 
 offered to contribute $400 for two years towards the sup- 
 port of a resident minister. The offer was accepted, and 
 as a mark of respect and gratitude to that society, it was 
 resolved to name this parish " St. James." 
 
 The Rev. William Augustus White, of Boston, was 
 called as the first rector. He entered upon his duties in 
 November, 1842, and resigned in 1845. The other rectors 
 have been : 
 
 The Rot. Samuel Hazlehurst, October, 1846, to May, 1847 ; Rev. H. 
 Hastings Weld, June, 1847, to July, 1854; Rev. Wm. P. Ray and 
 Rev. P. Browne Morrison, 1856 to 1858; Rev. John B. Henry, 1858 
 to 1863; Rev. Benj. A. Rogers, 1863 to 1866; Rev. Jesse Y. Burk, 
 1866 to 1870 ; Rev. Wm. White Montgomery, for about one year, and 
 was succeeded by Rev. Rob't F. Innes in July, 1871; he resigned, 
 October, 1880, and was succeeded by the present rector, the Rev. W. 
 G. Ware. 
 
 During the rectorship of Rev. Mr. Weld the building 
 known as Masonic Hall was purchased, and, with some 
 alterations, was converted into a rectory at a cost of $1600. 
 In 1864 the chapel was enlarged and beautified. During 
 the rectorship of Rev. Innes a parish building was erected 
 for Sunday-school and other purposes, and an addition 
 made to the rectory. There are connected with the church 
 two Sunday-schools, which are successful in their work. 
 The property of the church is valuable and in good repair. 
 
 CHURCH OF THE TRINITY, COATBSVILLE. 
 The services of the Protestant Episcopal Church seem 
 to have been celebrated for the first time in this town, 
 
 Sunday, Aug. 21, 1859, in a school-house which stood on 
 the site of the present Baptist church, the Rev. Mr. 
 Henry, of Downingtown, officiating. How often these 
 services were repeated is not known, but they do not ap- 
 pear to have been attended with any permanent results. 
 
 It was not till many years afterwards that the attempt 
 was renewed to introduce the worship of this church. In 
 the fall of the year 1868, a parish having been organized, 
 the Rev. George G. Field became the first resident pastor, 
 and still continues to be ; and regular services were com- 
 menced, the congregation worshiping in a public hall. 
 Horace A. Beale and Nathaniel P. Hobart were the first 
 wardens ; and of the vestry, Messrs. Benjamin Miller, 
 Charles Pennock, William Scott, John Speakman, John 
 Stone, Dr. James Scott, Reese Welsh. 
 
 In the summer of 1871, a lot of ground on the Main Street 
 having been given by Mr. Benjamin Miller, a small, inex- 
 pensive, but convenient frame chapel was finished and con- 
 secrated, to be replaced at some future time by a more 
 imposing and substantial structure. It was .speedily cleared 
 of debt, and the sittings were free. 
 
 The present vestry is composed of H. A. Beale, Newton 
 H. Stone, wardens ; W. Scott, Benjamin Miller, Jr., John 
 Speakman, George Henson, Amos Scott, William Pennock, 
 Dr. William R. Blakeslee. 
 
 ST. MARY'S, WARWICK. 
 St. Mary's Episcopal Church, in the village of St. 
 Mary's, Warwick township, was founded early in this 
 century by the Rev. Levi Bull, D.D., of which he was rec- 
 tor for more than forty years. He was the oldest Episcopal 
 minister in the diocese of Pennsylvania, and through almost 
 his entire ministry he was a resident of Chester County. 
 The house of worship was built in 1806, and rebuilt and 
 enlarged in 1843. The late John Starrett, of Warwick 
 township, Chester County (father of Mr. Thomas K. Star- 
 rett, proprietor of Warwick Furnace Farm), left by will 
 the sum of $1000 for the purpose of remodeling and re- 
 pairing St. Mary's church, and this sum was applied as 
 intended by the donor in the summer of 1880. It was 
 repainted, repaired inside, supplied with a slate roof, had a 
 large vestibule constructed, etc. This is a vast improve- 
 ment to the church edifice, both inside and out. 
 
 St. Mark's Episcopal Church, in Honeybrook township, 
 was organized in the year 1835. 
 
 METHODIST CHURCHES.* 
 Isaac Rollins was probably the first Methodist preacher 
 that the people of Chester County heard. He is first al- 
 luded to in the journal of Rev. Francis Asbury. The 
 first quarterly meeting after Asbury's appointment as assist- 
 ant by Mr. Wesley was held at Joseph Presbury's, Har- 
 ford Co., Md., Wednesday, Dec. 24, 1772. In answer to 
 the question, " How are the preachers stationed — Bro. K. 
 [King], Bro. W. [Webster], and I. R. [Isaac Rollins] — on 
 the other side of the bay?" (This, the Eastern Shore, 
 embracing the work in Kent and Cecil Counties, Md.) 
 While he was laboring on the Eastern Shore of Mary- 
 
 « By Rev. Geo. W. Lybrand. 
 
280 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 land, he went up into Chester County, Pa., where he broke 
 up some new ground. Methodism entered Chester County 
 at its south end, in Marlborough township, and traveled up 
 north through its centre, from which it radiated east and 
 west. Here Isaac Rollins was useful. He penetrated the 
 county to its centre early in 1773, and established several 
 preaching-places. 
 
 Shortly after Rollins had introduced Methodism into 
 the county, Rev. Francis Asbury paid his first visit. I 
 copy from his journal :* 
 
 "Monday, March 21, 1773. — Being a rainy day I set out from New- 
 port, New Castle county, Delaware, late for Marlborough ; there was, 
 notwithstanding, a large congregation waiting. Though unwell, I 
 gave them an exhortation at night, and I. R. [Isaac Rollins] preached. 
 He has been of some use to the people here. 
 
 *' Tuesday, 22. — My mind was serene, and I felt a nearness to God 
 —a determination to live to Him alone. Went to T. E.'s [Thomas 
 Ellis'] and felt much life while preaching to a large company there, 
 but was afflicted with a violent pain in the head. 
 
 "Wednesday, 23.^ — Many great people attended the preaching at 
 W.'s [Woodward's, on the Brandywine] and we had a comfortable 
 time. Rode thence to S. H.'s [Samuel Hooper's]. Many Quakers 
 were present, and it was a moving season. I then went about twenty 
 miles through wet weather and bad roads to Mr. T.'s [Tnssey's]. 
 This was in Delaware." 
 
 Rollins was thrown from a mettlesome horse, not far 
 from the Yellow Springs, Chester Co., Pa., and died on 
 the spot. This was in 1783. Near the Little Eagle, 
 Uwchlan township, Chester Co., Pa., is a fenceless lot, on 
 which are a few graves. Some ancient Methodists are 
 buried here, and here it is most likely a grave was made 
 for Isaac Rollins. (So says tradition.) On this lot stood 
 Benson's chapel. 
 
 In 1774 the name of the circuit was Chester. It em- 
 braced Chester County, which up to 1789 embraced Dela- 
 ware County. There were appointments for preaching in 
 Marlborough, at Thomas Ellis', at Woodward's, on the 
 Brandywine, west of West Chester, at Samuel Hooper's, 
 probably in Goshen, and in the course of the year in 
 Uwchlan and Coventry. 
 
 The preachers that followed Rollins and Asbury were 
 Daniel RuflF and William Watters. Tiiis was in 1774. 
 Watters, at the Conference of 1774, was appointed to Tren- 
 ton circuit, where he labored, with the exception of one 
 quarter, when he changed with Daniel Ruff and preached 
 in the Chester Circuit. While here he was useful in heal- 
 ing a division in the young society in Goshen, Chester Co. 
 Abraham Rollin, from Patapsco Neck, in Maryland, who 
 had a wish to be a traveling preacher, but, on account of his 
 extreme roughness and ranting, could not obtain the sanc- 
 tion of the Methodists, in the summer of this year came into 
 Chester Circuit, and having made a party in this society, 
 endeavored to settle himself upon them as their minister. 
 He had influenced some of the most wealthy of the society, 
 George Smith in particular. They were holding their 
 secret meetings to carry out their plans. Mrs. Smith had 
 
 had a dream, in which she saw Mr. Watters before her eyes, 
 
 beheld him as one sent to deliver them from imposition ; 
 and as soon as she saw him siie recognized him as the per- 
 son she had seen in her dream. The result was A. Rollin 
 
 * Asbury's Journal, vol, i. p. 45. 
 
 was dismissed, and Mr. Smith, his wife, and two daughters, 
 with the rest that had broken off from the Valley or Grove 
 society, returned to it. The pastors since have been : 
 
 1775, Richard Webster; 1776, no appointment; 1777, Robert Lind- 
 say; 1778, no appointment; 1779, Joseph Cromwell; 1780 (Chester in- 
 cluded in Philadelphia, the name of Chester does not appear), John 
 Cooper, George Mair; 1781 (the circuit, embracing all the work in 
 this section, is called Pennsylvania), William Glendenning, Samuel 
 Rowe, Isaac Rollins; 1782, William Glendenning, John Coleman; 
 1783 (Chester), Reuben Ellis, John Hagerty, Thomas Haskins ; 1784 
 (called Philadelphia), Le Roy Cole, Joseph Cromwell, Jeremiah 
 Lambert; 1785, Ira Ellis, James Thomas, l^homas Vasey (elder); 
 1786, Henry Ogburn, Peter Moriarty, Caleb Boyer (elder); 1787, 
 Samuel Dudley, William Thomas, Elders John Hagerty and William 
 Gill ; 1788 (this year the work was arranged into three appointments, 
 — Philadelphia, Chester, and Bristol), Philadelphia, Lemuel Green ; 
 Chester, Robert Cann, John Milburn ; Bristol, William Dougherty ; 
 Elder Richard Whatcoat. 1789 (Chester), William Dougherty, James 
 Campbell, Elders Henry Willis and Lemuel Green; 1790, Sylvester 
 Hutchinson, John Cooper, Elder Richard Whatcoat; 1791, John Mc- 
 Claskey, Isaac Robinson, Simon Miller, Elder Lemuel Green; 1792, 
 Joseph Lovell, Joseph Wainwright, Elder John McCIaskey ; 1793, 
 Robert Cloud, William Hunter; Wilmington, Evan Rogers (who after 
 si.x months is to change with Robert Cloud), Elder Freeborn Garrett- 
 son. 1794 (this year Chester Circuit was divided; the new circuit 
 called Lancaster, from Lancaster County, Pa. Chester members: 
 whites, 200; colored, 19; Lancaster; whites, 256; colored 4), preach- 
 ers: Chester, William Early, James Smith; Lancaster, Isaac Robin- 
 son, Elisba Pelham, Elder Valentine Cook. 
 
 My impression is that the Rev. Matthew Magce was also sent in 
 1794 to Chester. In the " Minutes'' of this year, among those ad- 
 mitted on trial, appears the name of Matthew McGee. His name does 
 not appear .among those stationed. As Bishop Asbury did not pub- 
 lish the Minutes to the fall, the inference is his death led him to leave 
 out his name. Asbury refers to him in his journal : " McGee died of 
 the malignant fever (the yellow fever)."f His remains are interred 
 in the burial-ground of the Grove Methodist Episcopal Church. The 
 following is the inscription on his tombstone : 
 
 " Rev. Matthew Magee, died Sept., 1794, in the 33d year of his age. 
 " Long did he walk in wisdom's shining ways, 
 A pattern of sweet Innocence and grace, 
 A faithful preacher of the holy word. 
 An humble follower of his gracious Lord." 
 
 1795 (Chester and Lancaster united), John Jarrell, Thomas F. Sar- 
 gent, John Robinson, Elder John Merrick; 1796 (Chester), Thomas 
 Bell, Samuel Welsh; 1797, Chester, William Colbert; Strasburg.} 
 William Penn Chandler; 1798 (Strasburg and Chester), William P. 
 Chandler, Daniel Higby; 1799 (Chester and Strasburg), William 
 Colbert, Edward Larking, Robert Bonham. 
 
 The " Minutes of the Conferences" have, in addition, James Her- 
 ron. Herron was not on the circuit; at the request of Joseph Jewell, 
 he accompanied him to the work in Canada, with the consent of 
 Bishop Asbury. My impression also is that Robert Bonham, who 
 was a supernumerary, was not on the circuit. He died in the month 
 of June, 1800, in Baltimore, Md. Thomas Ware was elder from 1796 
 to 1799. In 1797 the n.imo presiding elder occurred for the first time. 
 
 1800 (Strasburg and Chester), Sicphen Tlmmons, Richard Sneath, 
 Thomas Jones; 1800-1, Joseph Everett, presiding elder. 
 
 In 1801 the districts are named Chester and Strasburg, in the Phil- . 
 adelphia District ; preachers, William Hunter, Stephen Timmons, 
 Robert McCoy. 1802 (Strasburg and Chester), William Hunter, John 
 Bethel ; presiding elder, Thomas Ware. 1803 (Strasburg and Chester), 
 Anning Owen, William Brandon ; district called Chesapeake, Christo- 
 pher Spry, presiding elder. 1804 (Chester: the field the same; only 
 the name of Chester is given), William Hunter, Joseph Osburn, 
 Joseph Stephens; presiding elder, William Colbert. 1805, William 
 Hunter, David James, James Moore; 1806, John Walker, William 
 Early; 1807, Daniel Ireland, Peter Beaver. For 1805-7 the presid- 
 ing elder was Solomon Sharp. 1808, Asa Smith, John Bethel, Thomas 
 Miller; presiding elder, W. P. Chandler. 1809, John Walker, Thomas 
 
 tVol. ii. 331. 
 
 t The new name given to Lancaster Circuit In 1796; both of these 
 circuits were united this year. 
 
METHODIST CHURCHES. 
 
 281 
 
 Miller; 1810, Richard Snenth, John Fox; 1811, Riohwd Sncfith, 
 Jiunea Laws; 1812. Thomas Dunn, William S. Fisher. In 1809 the 
 district was culled Sohuylldll. For (809-12 William Hunter was pre- 
 siding elder. 181.3, William S. Fisher, John Fcrnon, Joseph Samson; 
 18H (Chester and Wilmington), George Sheets, Thomas Miller, 
 Samuel P. Levis (G-eorge Sheets and Thomas Miller to change once a 
 month). For 1813-U the presiding elder was Henry Boehm. 1815, 
 Asa Smith, Joseph Samson; ISIO, AVHliam Torbeit, Charles Heed. 
 
 In 1815 the presiding elder was Robert R. Roberts. 1816, R. R. 
 Roberts reappointed presiding older, but his ordination as bishop of 
 the M. E. Church, in May, 1818, made a vacancy, which was filled by 
 Daniel Hitt, one of the recent book agents. 
 
 1S17, William Hunter, William Torbort; 1818, John Goforth, Samuel 
 Budd (part of the year Samuel P. Levis, to relievo John Goforth); 
 1819, John Robertson, Phineas Price. For 1817-19 the presiding 
 elder was Daniel Hitt. 1820, William Leonard, Thomas Davis; 1821, 
 David Bartine, Thomas Davis ; 1822, Will|am Hunter, David Bartine, 
 JohnTalley; 1823, Thomas Miller, William Allen. For 1820-23 the 
 liresiding elder was James Bateman. 1824, Henry Boehm, John 
 Woolson; 1825, H. Boehm, Levin M. Prettyman; 1826, Jacob Gru- 
 ber, Samuel Grace, J Talley (sup.*) ; 1827, Jacob Gruber, William 
 Cooper. For 1824-27 the presiding elder was Joseph Lybrand. In 
 1825 the district was called Philadelphia. 1828, Thomas Miller, 
 Eliphalet Reed; 1829, Edward Page, Daniel Fidler, Robert Lutton 
 (sup.); 1830, Edward Page, Thomas MoCarroll, John Talley (sup.). 
 For 1828-30, AVilliam Thatcher was presiding elder. 1831, William 
 Ryder, Nathaniel Chew, John Talley (sup.); 1832, William Ryder, 
 James B. Ayars, John Talley (sup.). In 1831-32, M. Force was the 
 presiding elder. 1833, James B. Ayars, John Edwards, Robert E. 
 Morrison, John Talley (sup.). In 1833, District South Philadelphia, 
 the presiding elder was Lawrence McCombs. 
 
 In 1834, Chester Circuit underwent a change; a new circuit was 
 formed, called Radnor, which embraced, as a part of it, the appoint- 
 ments Grove, Downingtbwn, Salora,and Charlestown. 
 
 Radnor Circuit, 1834, David Best, Richard W. Thomas; 1835, R. 
 W.Thomas, John Perry; 1836, William Cooper, Jesse Ford. For 
 1834-36 the presiding elder was John Potts. 1837, W. Cooper, James 
 Hand; 1838, James B. Ayars, Charles W. Jackson ; 1839, J. B. Ayars, 
 Frederick Gram: 1840, Henry G. King, James Neill. Fgr 1837-40 
 the presiding elder was Solomon Higgins. 1841, H. G. King, Levin 
 M. Prettyman ; 1842, George Lacey, Christopher J. Crouch. 
 
 In 1843, Grove Circuit was formed from Radnor, which embraced 
 Grove, St. John's, Salem, and Charlestown. 
 
 Grove: 1843, Thomas Sumption, Thomas C. Murphey ; 1844, T. 
 Sumption, James R. Anderson. For 1841-44 the presiding elder was 
 James Smith. 1845, David Dailey, John W. Meeaskey ; 1846, David 
 Dailey, George W. Lybrand; 1847, the "Minutes" have it John Led- 
 num, one to be supplied. A change was made after Conference, and 
 Henry S. Atmore was brought from Chatham and placed in charge. 
 J.Addison Whitakerwas brought from Nottingham Circuit as junior 
 preacher, and William Major was sent to Nottingham under the pre- 
 siding elder. 
 
 The circuit on the Wilmington District, 1845-47, Daniel Lambdin 
 presiding elder; 1848, H. S. Atmore, local preachers assisting him; 
 1849, James Harmer, Stearns Patterson; 1850, James Harmer, Wil- 
 liam C. Robinson ;t 1851, Joseph H. Wythcs, John H. Boyd. For 
 1848-51, James Smith was presiding elder; 1852, J. H. Wylhes, 
 John J. Jones. 
 
 1853 (Grove Circuit reduced again; Salem, Charlestown, and Val- 
 ley Forge associated with Phceni-tville, Grove with Downingtown and 
 St. John's), Joshua H. Turner ; 1854, Joseph Carlisle. Reading Dis- 
 trict: 1852-54, John D. Curtis was presiding elder; 1865, J. Carlisle; 
 1856-57, Daniel L. Patterson; 1858, William H. Burrell. For 1855- 
 58 the presiding elder was James Cunningham. 1859 (Grove and 
 Downingtown), W. H. Burrell; 1860-61, John Shields; 1862, George 
 W. Lybrand. For 1859-62 the presiding elder was Thomas J. 
 Thompson; 1863-64, Vaughan Smith; 1865-66, Jerome Lindamuth. 
 For 1863-66 the presiding elder was William L. Gray. 
 
 In 1867, Grove separated from Downingtown. 1868, L. B. Hughes. 
 For 1867-68 the presiding elder was Joseph Castle. 1 869-70, Stephen 
 Townsend. 1869-70, South Philadelphia District, William L. Graypre- 
 
 * " Sup." stands for " supernumerary,'' — one who renders partial 
 service. 
 
 f Harmer died Sept. 8, 1850, and W. C. Robinson placed in charge. 
 
 36 
 
 siding elder. 1871-72, S.amuel G. Hare. For 1871-72, W. C. Rob- 
 inson was the presiding elder. 1873-75, John E. Kessler; 1876-78, 
 William II. Fries; 1879-80, John R. Bailey; 1881, William Rink. 
 1873, Chester District, William iVloCombs presiding older ; 1877-80, 
 Susquehanna District, George Cummins presiding elder; 1881, West 
 Fhiladelpiiia District, Jacob Dickerson presiding elder. 
 
 BENSON'S CHAPEL. 
 
 It is probable that Rev. Joseph Pilmore, one of Rev. 
 John Wesley's first missionaries to America, preached in 
 Uwchlan township in 1772. In 1774 the preachers made 
 an appointment in Uwchlan, where a society was raised up 
 near the Little P]agle tavern, where Benson's chapel was 
 built in 1781. There was a society at this place, for Ben- 
 jamin Abbott preached at Benson's in 1780. This meet- 
 ins; was the parent of Batten's or Hopewell Church. The 
 offspring lives, but the parent is no more. The lot on 
 which the church stood is still in possession of the Meth- 
 odists, on which are a few graves. Some ancient Metho- 
 dists are buried here, and here most likely a grave was 
 made for Isaac Rollins, the first Methodist preacher that 
 the people heard. 
 
 GROVE (WEST WHITELAND TOWNSHIP). 
 
 In 1774 a society was formed in Goshen. This was 
 afterwards called the Valley meeting, and now is known as 
 the Grove. This is the oldest society in Chester County, 
 having continued from its first formation, while several 
 that once were have ceased to exist. When this society 
 was formed, some of the land-holders of the region belonged 
 to it. This gave it permanency. Among the number was 
 Mr. George Hoffman, who, it is said, was the first Metho- 
 dist in Chester County. He joined under Richard Web- 
 ster, was a member of society fifty years, and died Dec. 
 30, 1829, aged ninety-six years. He was one of the 
 founders of the first meeting-house. Its size was 30 by 
 40 feet, with three doors, — north, south, and west front, 
 — an end gallery on the west, and a tub pulpit on the east. 
 The society for a few years worshiped in a school-house 
 which stood a little west of the present church. It was in 
 this school-house that the Rev. Benjamin Abbott preached 
 in 1780. This house, known as the " old stone chapel," 
 was built in 1783. Sept., 11, 1784, Mr. George Hoff'man 
 and Eve, his wife, executed a deed transferring one acre of 
 ground, on part of which the chapel had been already 
 built, to the Methodist society, for the consideration of 
 five shillings lawful money. February, 1813, a deed was 
 given by John Boyer and Elizabeth, his wife, conveying to 
 the trustees of the meeting-house 70 square perches of 
 land, designed to make it more convenient to gain access 
 to the meeting-house. In 1844, under the pastoral charge 
 of Revs. Thomas Sumption and James R. Anderson, the 
 present church was built. In 1851 one-half acre was 
 purchased and added to the graveyard, in 1866 two acres 
 more of Eli Pyle. April 27, 1868, church was legally in- 
 corporated. In 1868 the cemetery was laid off in lots. 
 It is one of the most beautiful of our cemeteries.J 
 
 SMITH-SHOP. 
 This was located a short distance from the Boot tavern. 
 It became a preaching-place in 1834. It was fixed up for 
 
 J In the cemetery of this churcb is buried Rev. Matthew Magee, 
 who died of yellow fever, September, 1794, aged thirty-three years. 
 
HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 meetings by John S. Inskip, — slab seats, tanned floor, but 
 powerful times. It belonged to his father, and it was some 
 time before his father would consent to have it fitted up 
 for meetings. It was not a separate charge, but connected 
 with the Grove. John S. Inskip was "admitted on trial" 
 in the Philadelphia Conference in 1836. He is still an 
 active worker in the ministry, preaching no longer at the 
 place. 
 
 WEST CHESTER. 
 
 First Methodist preaching in West Chester was by Rev. 
 William Hunter, February, 1810, in the old court-house. 
 (Hunter this year was presiding elder on the Schuylkill 
 District. He died in Coventry, Chester Co., Pa., Sept. 
 27, 1833.) First class formed in 1815 ; supplied with 
 preaching from Chester Circuit. First church built in 
 1816, on Gay Street east of Darlington. New church 
 erected in 1840-42, corner of Market and Darlington, pres- 
 ent site. This building was remodeled, etc., under the 
 pastorate of Rev. John B. McCullough, at an expense of 
 ?8000. 
 
 Preachers. — From 1810 to 1827, West Chester supplied with preach- 
 ing from Chester Circuit, with a few exceptions. 1823-24, West 
 Chester and Coventry, William Hunter (sup.). It would appear 
 from the stewards' book of Chester Circuit that they were still con- 
 nected with the circuit. The receipts for the year 1823, $32; for 
 1824, three quarters, S24.25. In J 827, West Chester was set apart 
 from the circuit, and was left to he supplied by the presiding 
 elder, Rev. Joseph Lybrand, who appointed Whitefield Hughes. In 
 1828 the first return of members, 95 whites; preacher appointed, 
 Baniel Parrish ; 1839, Jesse Thompson; 1830-31 (West Chester and 
 Marshallton), Levi Scott; 1832, Thomas Sovereign, Levi Scott (sup.) ; 
 1833, Josiah F. Canflcld; 1S34, James II. McFarland; 1835, Bar- 
 tholomew Weed; 1836-37, John Lednum; 1838, Dallas D. Lore; 
 1839-40, William Urie; 1841, Matthew Sorin ; 1842-43, John Nichol- 
 son. (This beloved pastor died during his pastorate, at the residence 
 of his father-in-law, Mr. John Wilmer, in Philadelphia, Oct. 11, 1843, 
 in the 37th year of his age. Rev. Thomas MuUer filled the vacancy.) 
 1844, Elijah Muller; 1846-46, David E. Gardner. (Again this church 
 is bereaved in the death of a pastor. This event occurred in West 
 Chester, November, 1846. David W. Kollock, a local elder from 
 Philadelphia, filled out the term of D. E. Gardner.) 1847-48, David 
 Shields; 1849-50, James L. Houston; 1851-52, Alfred Cookman; 
 1853-54, Charles Karsner; 1855-66, Peter J. Cox; 1867-58, Michael 
 D. Kurtz; 1859^60, James M. MeCarter ; 1861-62, James R. Ander- 
 son; 1863-65, Curtis F. Turner; 1866-68, John B. McCullough; 
 1869-71, William Major; 1872-74, AVesIey C. Best; 1875-76, George 
 Cummins; 1877-79, Sylvester N. Chew; 1880-81, Robert J. Carson. 
 
 PHOENIXVILLE. 
 
 Methodism was introduced into this town by Rev. Samuel 
 P. Levis, a local preacher, in 1826. (Levis was a traveling 
 preacher from 1811 to 1818. In the latter year he located.) 
 The first class, of 12, was formed in 1826, only one 
 member of which (Mrs. Nickles, now in her eighty-second 
 year) remains. The first congregations met to hear preach- 
 ing in a paint-shop, which still stands, and is the property 
 of the Phoeiiixville Iron Company. The first church was 
 built in 1828, and the present one in 1854, during the 
 pastorate of the late Rev. C. J. Crouch. 
 
 Preaehers, — ^From the information gathered, we place the appoint- 
 ment with Lancaster Circuit in 1 828 : Samuel Grace, David Best, John 
 Lednum; 1829 (a new circuit, called Reading), David Beat, Manlove 
 Hazel, Joseph Carey (sup.); 1830 (Waynesburg), John Lednum, 
 Daniel Fidler, Joseph Carey (sup.); 1831-32, George Woolley, Jacob 
 Gruber; 1833 (in Chester Circuit), James B. Ayrcs, John Edwards, 
 Robert E. Morrison, John Talley (sup.); 1834 (in Radnor Circuit), 
 
 David Best, Richard W. Thomas; 1835, R. W. Thomas, John Perry ; 
 1836, W. Cooper, JesseFord; 1837, W. Cooper, James Hand; 1838, 
 Phcenixville to be supplied (members reported at the Conference of 
 1839, 123 whites); 1839-40, David Shields; 1841, William W. McMi- 
 chael ; 1842-43,' Thomas S. Johnson ; 1844, IsaaeR. Merrill; 1845, Jo- 
 seph H. Wythes ; 1846-47, Nicholas Ridgeley ; 1 848-49, Henry E. Cal- 
 loway; 1850, James y.Ashton; 1851-52, Stearns Patterson; 1863 (Sa- 
 lem, Charlestown, and Valley Forge associated with Phcenixville and 
 made a circuit), Christopher J. Crouch, John F.Meredith; 1854, C.J. 
 Crouch, one to be supplied; 1856» Samuel R. • Gillingham, Wesley 
 Reynolds; 1856, S. R. Gillingham, Charles W. Ayars; 1857, John 
 Shields, Horace A. Cleveland; 1858, John Shield, George D. Miles; 
 1859-60 (Phcenixville a station), Allen John; 1861-62, William Ma- 
 jor; 1863-64, Jeremiah Pastorfield; 1866, Allen John; 1866-67, 
 James Flannery ; 1868-70, George Heacock; 1871-73, Henry R. Cal- 
 loway; 1874-76, John Dyson; 1877-78, Henry B. Gilroy; 1879-81, 
 Goldsmith D. Carrow. 
 
 ANDERSON'S, NEAR VALLEY FORGE. 
 In 1780, Rev. George Mair, who was the junior preacher 
 on the Philadelphia Circuit (John Cooper being the senior 
 preacher), received Mr. Isaac Anderson and his companion, 
 Mrs. Mary Laue Anderson, into the Methodist society, and 
 there was preaching in their house, and sometimes in their 
 school-house. A society was raised up which at one time 
 numbered 40 members; but as no chapel was built in this 
 neighborhood, in the change of times this society, which 
 was near the Valley Forge, was dissolved. In the treas- 
 urer's book for Chester and Strasburg Circuits for 1802, 
 under date of August 7th, the names of the classes are 
 reported with collections. Among these Anderson's returns 
 $2. In the steward's book for Chester Circuit, June 22, 
 1805, the class is still in existence. The latest return from 
 the class of money was Nov. 26, 1824. As soon as a class 
 was organized at Daniel McCurdy's, in the valley, the class 
 at Anderson's was discontinued; this was in 1825. Bishop 
 Asbury visited the home of Isaac Anderson in 1812. I 
 give the record of the visit made : 
 
 "Sabbath, April, 1812, I preached at old Isaac Anderson's. Our 
 friend has been in fellowship with us thirty-two years, and has been 
 honored by missions from his county and district to the Legislature 
 and to Congress. His family of children are pleasing. Twice only 
 have I ever visited this neighborhood."* 
 
 Rev. Plenry Boehm, his traveling companion, refers to 
 this visit : 
 
 " The next Sabbath Mr. Asbury preached near Valley Forge, at Isaac 
 Anderson's, Esq. He had been a Methodist for over thirty years; 
 was several times a member of the State Legislature, and was honored 
 with a seat in Congress," 
 
 Rev. William Cooper, who traveled Chester Circuit from 
 the spring of 1827 till the spring of 1828, refers to this 
 locality. Rev. Jacob Gruber was the preacher in charge : 
 
 "Wo preached at Pennypaeker's school-house, near Valley Forge; 
 put up with Matthias Pennypaoker; his wife was Rev. James Rush 
 Anderson's aunt. Her father and mother, Isaac and Mary Lane An- 
 derson, were both living. The old gentleman told me he was post-" 
 boy for Gen. Washington when encamped at Valley Forge." 
 
 Isaac Anderson was a local preacher among the Metho- 
 dists. Mrs. Mary L. Anderson sojourned with the Metho- 
 dists as a very consistent Christian for sixty-seven years, 
 and died at the house of her son, Joseph Everett Ander- 
 son, in her eighty-fifth year. Her grandson, the Rev. 
 James Rush Anderson, M.D., deceased, was an honored 
 
 ■ Journal, vol. iii. 326. 
 
'!;,33 
 
METHODIST CHURCHES. 
 
 283 
 
 member of the Philadelphia Conferepce. He died in 
 Manayuuk, Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 8, 1863.* 
 
 LAUREL (WEST BRADFORD TOWNSHIP). 
 The first Methodist ia this locality was William Ball, at 
 whoso house a class met before the erection of the church. 
 My impression is he had been a Methodist in Ireland, if 
 not a local preacher. He was a member of the Valley M. 
 E. Church (now called the Grove) prior to moving in this 
 locality. The class-book of the class led by Daniel Mere- 
 dith had this record in the neat penmanship of lluv. \V. 
 P. Chandler: " 1797, William Ball, local preacher," also in 
 1798. In that class-book his name is recorded in 1797, — 
 " William Ball, Margaret Ball." Opposite these names, in 
 the early part of 1798, " moved." Kocord of 1798, one of 
 the trustees of the Valley M. E. Church. It is probable at 
 this time he moved to the neighborhood of Laurel. The 
 stewards' book for Chester Circuit for 1805, under the date 
 of June 22, 1805, credits class at Ball's, money received, 
 81.82. Meetings for prayer were also held at the house of 
 Mr. Mills, father of John and Sarah Mills (afterwaids 
 Burton, wife of Joseph Burton), before the house was built. 
 Mr. Mills was an Episcopalian, but in the absence of a regu- 
 lar house of worship opened his own doors for religious 
 service. The first definite knowledge we have concerning 
 the itinerants' labors here is that Richard Sneath preached 
 in Hugh Birney's, now Thomas Rice's, barn, on the prop- 
 erty adjoining the church. The general minutes supply 
 the date thereof Father Sneath was on Chester Circuit 
 first in 1800, with Stephen Timmons and Thomas Jones as 
 colleagues. His next appointment to this circuit was in 
 1810-11. The year 1810 he had John Fox for his col- 
 league, and in 1811 James Laws. This was about the time 
 when the services were held, as above mentioned. Meet- 
 ings were also held in the house occupied by William Birney, 
 now owned by Mr. James H. Steen, and also in the house 
 of a man named Brown, now occupied by Mrs. Alban Wil- 
 liams. In the year 1811 the ground was surveyed, the 
 draught bearing date Nov. 9, 1811. The deed is dated April 
 10, 1812, and was made between Hugh and Elizabeth Bir- 
 ney of the one part, and Thomas Batten, William Birney, . 
 William Haines, William McCarroll, and Alexander Evans 
 of the other part, trustees; for the sum of $1 was convoyed 
 58 perches of ground, for the use of the M. E. Church. 
 The church was built, doubtless, the following year. Moses 
 Keech, who furnished the lime, puts it in 1813. The ap- 
 pointment was called Highberney at first. In the record- 
 ing steward's book of Chester Circuit, under the date of 
 June 4, 181-i, a return of quarterage, 14.75. June 8, 
 1815, in the same book, called Laurel, the same appoint- 
 ment. John McCarroll, father of Rev. Thomas McCarroll, 
 was the first class-leader at Laurel after the society had 
 been revived. 
 
 ROMANSVILLE (WEST BRADFORD TOWNSHIP). 
 It would appear that the first ground owned by the 
 Methodists in Chester County for religious uses was in 
 this locality. In the year 1811 the graveyard at Romans- 
 
 » I acUnowledgo my indebtedness in the preparation of this article 
 to " Rise of Methodism," by Lednum. 
 
 ville was convoyed to the M. E. Church, for the especial 
 use thereof. The following from the deed will suffice to 
 explain : 
 
 "This Indenture, made March 9, 1811, between Richard Webster, 
 minister of the Gospel, of Harford Co., Maryland, of the one part, and 
 Isaac James, William Hainea, William Birney, and Hugh Birnoy, of 
 Pennsylvania, and Samuel Wood, of Delaware, of the other part. 
 Whereas Robert Thornton, deceased, in his lifetime conveyed a piece of 
 ground situated in West Bradford township, Chester County, Pa., unto 
 Richard Web.'tcr, Isaac Rawling [Rollin], and John King, ministers 
 of the Gospel, all of the State of Maryland, in behalf of the people 
 called Methodists, said Indenture bearing date March 12, 1773. Novt 
 this Indenture witnesseth that Richard Webster, in consideration of the 
 sum of 20 cents, in hand paid, have given, granted, etc., and by these 
 presents doth give, grant, etc., unto the above-named trustees, and 
 their successors, for the uses and purposes of the M. E. Church, the 
 above-mentioned lot of ground." 
 
 One provision of the deed has not been carried out, 
 namely, the erection of a suitable place for the worship of 
 Almighty Grod. This conveyance was given before the meet- 
 ing of the first Annual Conference of Methodist preachers ; 
 this was not till July 14, 1773. The ministers of the gospel 
 to whom the conveyance was made — llichard Webster, Isaac 
 Rawling (Rollins), and John King, have each of them a 
 history. It is probable that Isaac Rollins was the first Meth- 
 odist preacher in Chester County, followed by Richard Web- 
 ster. Rollins penetrated the county to its centre early in 
 1773, and established several preaching-places. But it would 
 appear that possibly John King preceded them. About 
 the year 1822 Laurel was a tolerably strong appointment. 
 In this year Ruth Boyes (then Connor) joined the church 
 at Laurel. This was followed by the conversion of her 
 father, Solomon Connor. The conversion of Solomon 
 Connor was brought about through the conversion of his 
 daughters, Ruth and Orpha. Solomon Connor died Aug. 
 21, 1854, and sleeps in the Methodist graveyard at Ro- 
 mansville. The leading members of the church from the 
 beginning have been the Birneys, Browns, John and Sarah 
 Mills (Burton), Mary Carney, Mary Rice, and her daugh- 
 ter Cai-harine, Thomas McCarroll, his father, mother, and 
 two sisters, Isaac Soott, John Quimby, the Taylor, Connor, 
 and McCorkle families, descendants of which are still among 
 us in the persons of Hayes, George W., and Hannah Con- 
 nor, the third generation of Methodists in succession. The 
 society has undergone many changes. At one period it was 
 seriously weakened by the removal of the leader, with two- 
 thirds of the class, to the West, and never regained its 
 strength. A preacher of great note went out from this 
 society. Rev. Thomas McCarroll, the fruit of the ministry 
 of Rev. Alban Hookc. He was " admitted on trial" in 
 the Philadelphia Conference in 1829, and died May 9, 1860, 
 in Newark, N. J. In February, 1826, Bishop George 
 visited the neighborhood of Laurel. He and Rev. Joseph 
 Lybrand, then presiding elder of the Philadelphia District, 
 were on their way to the last quarterly meeting for the year 
 on Chester Circuit, to be held at the Bethel appointment, 
 in New Castle Co., Del. They came to Solotnon Conner's 
 and put up, intending to remain during the night. Word 
 was at once sent to the neighbors that the bishop would 
 preach at Laurel in the evening. A good congregation 
 gathered to hear and see a live bishop. Both of these 
 honored ministers died years ago: Rev. Bishop Enoch 
 
28-t 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 George, at Staunton, Va., Aug. 23, 1828. Rev. Joseph 
 Lybrand died in Philadelphia, Pa., April 24, 1844. In 
 1850 the membership at Laurel was reduced to nine per- 
 sona. The pastors were Revs. Henry Sanderson and Jo- 
 seph S. Cook. 
 
 During the two years of Rev. T. S. Cook's pastorate 20 
 joined the church. In 1868, Rev. John C. Gregg en- 
 larged and improved the church at a cost of $500. An 
 additional piece of ground, containing 12f square perches, 
 was secured, and a deed made March 22, 1871, between 
 James H. Steen- and his wife Elizabeth, of the one part, 
 and W. E. Myers, Aquilla Thomas, John Lilley, John W. 
 Wilson, Hayes Connor, Moses Woodward; and George W. 
 Kennedy, trustees, for the use and benefit of the church. 
 
 Pastors. — For the list of the preachers from 1799 till 1833, see his- 
 tory of the Grove M. E. Church. In \he year 1833 a new circuit was 
 formed, called Soudcrsburg, which embraced Laurel, having Thomas 
 Miller and William Ryder as circuit preachers; 18.S4, John Lednum, 
 Kobert E. Morrison, Thomas Sumption part of the year; 1835, J. 
 Leduum, John Edwards; 1836, J. Edwards, John A. Watson ; 1837, 
 Robert Anderson, Dallas D. Lore; 1838, Enos R. Williams, John A. 
 Boyle; 1839, E. R. Williams, Amos Griner, D. Best (sup.); 1840, 
 Brandywine Circuit formed, and Laurel in it, having David E. Gar- 
 diiicr and Charles Wilson as pastors. Pastors from 1841 till 1859, 
 see history of M.arshallton M. B. Church ; 1859, with Kennet Square; 
 1S60, with Guthrieville Circuit, Thomas Newman; 1861, T. Newman, 
 who left his work, whereupon Bishop Scott appointed John A. Watson 
 to talie his place; 1862-63, Nehemiah W. Bennum; 1864, John C. 
 Gregg; 1865, James Carroll ; 1866, Alfred A. Fisher. In 1867, Lau- 
 rel and Marshallton were joined under the pastorate of J. Pastorfield, 
 but Laurel was left idle that year; 1868, joined with Guthrieville 
 Circuit, John C. Gregg; 1869, Wilmcr Coffman ; 1870, W. Coffman, 
 George A. Wolfe; 1871, this year Laurel and Washington a separate 
 charge, J. W. Knapp ; in 1872, Laurel, with Marshallton and Wash- 
 ington, Frederick Illman ; 1873, F. Illman ; 1874-75, Thomas Mont- 
 gomery; 1876-77, John O'Neill; 1878-79, William W. Wisegarver; 
 1880-81, John T. Gray. 
 
 In the preparation of this sketch, indebted to Rev. W. 
 W. Wisegarver. 
 
 SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 In 1798, Revs. William Penn Chandler and- Daniel 
 Higby visited Springfield, and preached in the houses now 
 occupied by Robert Sheeler and Jacob Clingman, Spring- 
 field at this time forming part of Strasburg and Chester 
 Circuit. Three years were spent in preaching and exhort- 
 ing sinners to repent, but no society was formed until the 
 year 1801, when Elijah Bull was appointed to take charge 
 of the class, under the pastoral charge of Rev. William 
 Hunter. The regular preaching services were held in the 
 above dwelling-houses alternately until 1816, when the first 
 M. E. church was built, under the pastoral charge of Revs. 
 David Best and Thomas Miller, then on Lancaster Circuit. 
 It was located in Springfield, West Nantmeal township, 
 and cost $800. In the year 1868 the present building was 
 erected, under the pastoral charge of Revs. Joseph S. Lame 
 and John Dyson, Joseph S. Lame preacher in charge for 
 1867, till the spring of 1868, and John Dyson till the 
 spring of 1869. It was built on the same street as the 
 old one, just opposite ; cost, $10,000. The parsonage was 
 built in 1879; valued at $1450. The name of the cir- 
 cuit in which Springfield is embraced has been changed six 
 times, as follows : 
 
 Strasburg and Chester Circuit, Chester Circuit, Lancaster Circuit, 
 Reading Circuit, Waynesburg Circuit, Springfleld Circuit. 
 
 There is a cemetery connected with the church. The 
 following itinerant ministers are buried in it: 
 
 Rev. William Hunter, who died in Coventry, ChesterCo., Pa., Sept. 
 27, 1833, aged 79 years; Rev. William Hunter Bull, who died in 
 Springfield, Chester Co., Pa., July 19, 1836, aged 29 years. 
 
 Also in the same cemetery the remains of Rev. George 
 Hunter. 
 
 The following have entered the itinerant ministry from 
 Springfield: Samuel W. Kurtz, John Dyson, Levi B. 
 Hughes, Jacob S. Hughes, Coleman Hoffman, Isaac G. 
 Fosnocht, John W. Wright, Jacob Slichter, E. L. Hughes, 
 of the United Brethren Church. Springfield has had the 
 following local preachers from their midst : 
 
 Jacob Jameson, Jonathan Bull, Alexander McGowen, George 
 Hunter, W. H. Bull, Samuel Jones, Christian Arnold, L. B. Smith, 
 John Smith, Caleb L. Hughes. 
 
 The following have been the pastors from the begin- 
 ning: 
 
 Straabm-g and Chester Circuit.— 1198, William P. Chandler, Daniel 
 Higby ; 1799, William Colbert, Edward Larkins, James Herron, Robert 
 Bonham (sup.). (Herron, though appointed, was not on the cir- 
 cuit; at the request of Joseph Jewell, he accompanied him to the 
 work in Canada, with the consent of Bishop Asbury. My imiiression 
 also that Robert Bonham, who was a supernumerary, was not on the 
 circuit. He died in the month of June, 1800, in Baltimore, Md.) 
 1800, Stephen Timmons, Richard Sneath, Thomas Jones; 1801, Wil- 
 liam Hunter, S. Timmons, Robert McCoy ; 1802, W. Hunter, John 
 Bethel; 1803, Anning Owen, William Brandon ; 1804, AVilliam Hunter, 
 Joseph Oiburn, Joseph Stephens; 1805, W. Hunter, David James, 
 James Moore; 1806, John Walker, AVilliam Early; 1S07, Daniel Ire- 
 land, Peter Beaver; 1808, Asa Smith, John Bethel, Thomas Miller. 
 (The "Minutes" have William Finney as the third preacher. He failed 
 to come, and Thomas Miller sent as a su)iply by the presiding elder.) 
 1809 (Lancaster), James Smith, Thomas Burch ; 1810 (Chester), Rich- 
 ard Sneath, John Fox ; 1811, R. Sneath, James Laws; 1812 (Lancas- 
 ter), William Toibert, John Fernon ;*' 1813, R. Sneath, W. Torbort, 
 and Joseph Samson. ("Minutes" have it Thomas Evcrsvrd, sup., 
 instead of Samson.) 1814, Asa Smith, James Mitchell, J. Samson; 
 1815, Thomas Miller, Phinchas Price; 1816, David Best, Thomas 
 Miller; 1817, Robert Burch, John Woolson ; 1818, R. Burch, Phinehas 
 Price, W. Hunter (sup.) ; 1819, William Leonard, John Talley, 
 W. Hunter (sup.) ; 1820, W. Hunter (sup.), John Woolson, AVil- 
 liam Ross; 1821, J. Woolson, Henry G. King; 1822, Henry Boehm, 
 Joseph Holdick; 1823, H. Bochm, Wesley W. Wallace; 1824, Jacob 
 Gruber, Thomas Miller, James Moore; 1825, Thomas Neal, George 
 Wiltshire. (Springfield and. Reading, William Hunter (sup.). 1826, 
 Thomas Neal, Pharaoh A. Ogden. (Springfield, William Hunter 
 (sup). 1827, Samuel Grace, George G. Cookman ; 1828, S, Grace, 
 David Best, John Lednum; 1829 (Reading Circuit), David Best, 
 Manlovo Hazel, Joseph Carey (sup.) ; 1 830 (Waynesburg Circuit), John 
 Lednum, Do.niel Fidler, Joseph Carey (sup.) ; 1831-32, George Wool- 
 ley, Jacob Gruber; 1833, David Best, Richard AV. Thomas; 1834, 
 Thomas Miller, John Spear; 1835, William Torbert, Allen Jonn, D. 
 Be»t (sup.), John S. Inskip; 1836 (Springfield), William Torbert, A. 
 John, D. Best (sup.); 1837, John Edwards, Henry Sutton, D. Best 
 (sup.); 1838, J. Edwards, H.Sutton, D. Best (sup.), John A. Watson; 
 1 839-40, Jonas Bissey, Thomas Sumption ; 1 841 , James Hand, William 
 L.Gray; 1842, James B. Ayars, Arthur W. Milby; 1843, J. B. Ayars, 
 Peter J. Cox; 1844, James Hand, George D. Bowen, J. A. Watson 
 (sup.); 1845, Richard M. Grcenbank, Samuel Pancoast; 1846, R.M. 
 Grcenbnnk, Henry B. Mauger; 1847, John Edwards, John Wal..ih ; 
 1848, John Edwards, Samuel R. Gillingham; 1849-50, Enos R. Wil- 
 liams, John Cummins; 1851, Eliphalet Reed, Piter Hallowoll, John 
 Dyson (under presiding elder) ; 1852, Joseph Carlisle, Abraham Freed, 
 John T. Gracey, E. Reed (sup.) ; 1853, A. Freed, Joseph Dare (under 
 the presiding elder) ; 1854, Joshua H. Turner, Henry H. Bodine ; 1855, 
 J. H. Turner, Jerome Lindatnuth; 1856, Lewis C. Pcttit, William T. 
 
 »The "Minutes" have Lancaster and Lancastertown, James Saun- 
 ders, James Mitchell, William Torbert; private record as I have 
 given it. 
 
METHODIST CHURCHES. 
 
 285 
 
 Mngeo; 1857, L. C. Pottit, William Smith; 1858, Elij:ih Miller, Wil- 
 liam J. O'Neill (under the presiding elder) ; 1859, John Shields, John 
 E. Elliott; 1860-61, A'alcniino. Gniy; 1882, John A. Watson; 1863, 
 William M.Ridgwny; 1864, W. M. Kidgwny, James F. McClelland ; 
 1SB5, Charles J. Little, T. E. Stevens (under the presiding elder) ; 1866, 
 Joseph S. Lane, John T. Swindells (under the presiding elder) ; 1867, 
 Joseph S. Lane, Thomas C. Pearson ; 1868, John Dyson, John W. 
 Knapp; 1869-70, John Dyson, William K. MaoNeal (the latter under 
 the presiding elder); 1871-73, Benjamin T. String; 1874-75, Adam 
 L. Wilson; 1876, A. L. AVilson, James I. Boswell ; 1877-78, Samuel 
 Howell; 1879-81, Maris Graves. 
 
 The presiding ciders from 1798 to 1881 have been : 
 
 Thomas Ware, Joseph Everett, Thomas Ware, Christopher Spry, 
 William Colbert, Solomon Sharp, William P. Chandler, William Hun- 
 ter, Hinry Boehm, Robert R. Roberts, Daniel Ilitt, Jaiucs J3ateman, 
 Joseph Lybrand, William Thaeher, Manning l''oree, Lawrence Mc- 
 Combs, John Potts, Solomon Iliggins, James Smith, Levi Scott, Igra- 
 tius T. Cooper, Thomas J. Thompson, John D. Curtis, James Cun- 
 ningham, T. J. Thompson, William L. Gray, Joseph Castle, William 
 II. Elliott, William McCombs, Curtis F. Turner, George Cummins, 
 Jacob Dickerson. 
 
 HOPEWELL 
 
 was originally known as Batten's meeting-house. From 
 reliable data, a society in this locality prior to 1805. The 
 second building occupied as a church was erected about 
 1823. In 1827, Rev. WiJliam Cooper traveled Chester 
 Circuit ; he writes, — 
 
 " The church was new ; superseded another, which was a log church ; 
 Daniel Myers, local preacher; James Parker, e.xhorter.'' 
 
 In the records in 1828 appears the name of the church 
 as Hopewell. The third church was built in 1842, during 
 the pastorate of Ilevs. Allen John and Georj;e S. Quigley, 
 who traveled Brandywine Circuit, of which Hopewell was 
 an appointment. The present edifice was built in 1867, 
 llev. John C. Gregg being the pastor at the time. A 
 burial-ground is connected with the church. The pastors 
 from 1805 to 1881 as follows: From 1805 to 1829, see 
 history of Grove M. E. Church ; 1829 till 1840, an ap- 
 pointment on Waynesburg and Springfield Circuits, see 
 history of Waynesburg M. E. Church ; 1840 till 1857, 
 see history of Coatesville M. E. Church ; 1857 till 1880, 
 see history of Hibernia M. E. Church ; 1881, a charge by 
 itself, John W. Geiger. 
 
 COATESVILLE. 
 
 In the winter of 1817 preaching was introduced into 
 Coatesville by Rev. A. Hooke. Meeting was held in the 
 school-house ; opposition to its introduction. The class 
 having been organized and meeting in the school-house, 
 they received word " that a secret society could not meet 
 ill it." This was in the winter of 1818. 
 
 In the recording steward's book of Chester Circuit, under 
 date of June 6, 1819, there is a record of $3.30 having 
 been received from Coatesville. From the same record, it 
 appears that money was received from Coatesville at each 
 quarterly meeting until the one held in June, 1821, when 
 " Coatesville" is crossed out, and " Washington" entered 
 in its place. It is probable a society formed at Washing- 
 ton, and there being no place of meeting in Coatesville, the 
 society or class which had met here was merged into Wash- 
 ington. During the year 1824, Revs. Jacob Gruber and 
 Thomas Miller traveled Lancaster Circuit, and preached at 
 the house of Obadiah Robinson, on the farm of the late 
 Joseph Long, adjoining the borough on the northwest, and 
 
 here a class of eight persons was formed, with 0. Rubin- 
 son as leader, which position he filled acceptably for a num- 
 ber of years. 0. Robinson afterwards moved to the old 
 stone house on Mount Airy farm, north of Kenworthy's 
 factory, and here for several years prayer and class-meet- 
 ings were held, a part of the time 0. Robinson and wife 
 being the only members in the neighborhood.* During the 
 summer of 1830 a camp-meeting was held at Friendship, 
 in Highland towiLship, and a number of residents of what 
 is now known as Rock Run were converted, and afterwards 
 joined the church. During the following autumn or win- 
 ter an old school-house with a clay floor, since converted 
 into a dwelling-house, and still s^tanding between the road 
 and Greenwood's race, below the heart of the dam, was se- 
 cured, and preaching services were lield every alternate 
 Saturday night, and here the class met. The society in- 
 creased in numbers, and meetings were occasionally held in 
 what was then known as the Union meeting-house, now 
 occupied as the Presbyterian church. During the year 
 1839, the school-house becoming too small, the building 
 which had been used as a blacksmith-shop, and afterwards 
 converted into a dwelling-house, was secured. This build- 
 ing was popularly known as the " turtle-shell," and was 
 occupied as a church until May, 1845, when the fir&t 
 Methodist church within the present limits of Coatesville 
 borough was dedicated to the worship of God by Rev. Wil- 
 liam Urie. The church stood on the lot at the northeast 
 corner of Main and Church Streets, the lots for the church 
 and burying-ground being donated by James Yearsley, a 
 minister of the Society of Friends. In 1856 a new church 
 was built. 
 
 Preachers. — I have no reliable data who were the preach- 
 ers prior to 1840. Assuming this to be one of the ap- 
 pointments on Brandywine Circuit, the following are the 
 preachers from 1840 to 1856: 
 
 1840, David E. Gardner, Charles Wilson; 1841, Henry Sutton, 
 Wesley Henderson; 1842, Allen John, George S. Quigley; 1843, A. 
 John, Henry S. Atmore; 1844, James Harmer, George W. Lybrand; 
 1845, J. Harmer, Stearns Patterson; 1846, John Bayne, William 
 Robb; 1847, John Bayne, Jacob Dickerson; 1848, Joseph Carlisle; 
 1849, Joseph Carlisle, Joseph S. Cook; 1850, Henry Sanderson, 
 Joseph S. Cook; 1851, H. Sanderson, T. B. Miller; 1852, John 
 Shields, Abel Howard; 1853, J. Shields, James N. King; 1854, Georgo 
 AV. Lybrand, E. S. AVells (six months), Edward T. Kenney (six 
 months); 1855, G. W. Lybrand, E. T. Kenney; 1856, T. S. Thomas, 
 A. M AViggins; 1857, Coatesville made a station. The pastors from 
 1857 till 1881 as follows: 1857, T. S.Thomas; 1858-69, AVilliam J. 
 Paxson; 1860-61, AVilliam Rink; 1862, Isaac R. Merrill; lS6;^-64, 
 Sylvester N. Chew; 1865, AVilmer Coffman ; 1866-68, William S. 
 Pugh ; 1869, Wesley C. Johnson ; 1870-72, John B. Kessler ; 1 87:^-75, 
 Silas B. Best; 1876, Reuben Owen; 1877-79, Charles C. McLean; 
 1880-81, Samuel W. Gehrett. 
 
 ANDREWS'. 
 
 It seems probable that Methodism was introduced into 
 that locality by the Revs. Thomas Miller and Eliphalet 
 Reed. In 1828, T. Miller and E. Reed traveled Chester 
 Circuit ; meetings held at first at Henry Andrews' house, 
 afterwards in a school-house near Andrews'. Prior to this 
 Rev. Joseph Holdich, who traveled Lancaster Circuit in 
 
 * From the spring of 1827 till the spring of 1828 Chester Circuit 
 was traveled by Rev. William Cooper as junior preacher. He preached 
 in the village of Coatesville, in a school-house; put up with Adiey 
 McGill, nephew of Adlcy McGill, father-in-law of Rev. A. Hooke. 
 
286 
 
 HISTORY" OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 1822, and Rev. Thomas McCanoU, who entered the Phila- 
 delphia Conference in 1829, preached in the house of Jacob 
 Gibson, before Miller and Reed came into this field of labor. 
 Andrews, prior to or about the time of the preaching of 
 Miller and Reed, was converted, his house made u preaching- 
 place, and a class formed. In 1831 the meeting-house was 
 built. A lot of one acre was given by Henry Andrews on 
 one corner of his farm to build the church on, for which 
 no deed was given until July 20, 1833. The church was 
 sold in 1856 to James Smith, and made into a dwelling- 
 house. The graveyard was reserved, and is still used as a 
 burying-pUice. The pastors from 1831 till 1856 are as 
 follows : 
 
 1831 (Strasburg and Columbia Circuit), Thomas Miller, Eliphalet 
 Reed, E. W. Thomns; 1832. T. Miller, E. Reed, John Edwards, Rob- 
 ert E. Slorrison (five months) ; 1833 (Soudereburg Circuit), T. Miller, 
 AV. Ryderj 1834, John Lednum, R. E. Morrison, Thomas Sumption 
 (part of the year); 1835, John Lednum, John Edwards; 1836, John 
 Edwards, John A.Watson; 1837, Robert Anderson, Dallas D. Lore; 
 1838, Enos R. Williams, John A. Boyle; 1839, E. R.Williams, Amos 
 Griner; 1840, Samuel Grace, Thomas S. Johnson; 1841, S. Grace, 
 John D. Long, D. Best (sup.); 1842, Gasway Oram, John C- Owens; 
 18)3, G. Oram, G. D. Carrow ; 1844, William K. Goentner, David 
 Titus; 1845, W. K. Goentner, Henry Sanderson; 1846, Allen John, 
 John A. Whitiiker; 1847, Allen John; 1848, James Harmer, Allen 
 John (sup.); 1849, John Baync, Geo. W. Brindlo; 1860, J. Bayne, 
 John Thompson ; 1851, William L. Gray, John J. Jones ; 1352, Sam- 
 uel G. Hare, Francis B. Harvey; 1853, J. G. Hare, John O'Neill; 
 1854, Thomas Newman, James L. Killgore; 1855, Thomas Newman, 
 Abel Howard; 1856, John B. Dennison. 
 
 ELK RIDGE (EAST NOTTINGHAM TOWNSHIP). 
 
 Methodism was introduced into the locality in 1825, and 
 in that year a class-meeting was held in the house of Abra- 
 ham Buckalew. The church was finished in 1832. Its 
 cost was $1300. A graveyard attached to the church. 
 
 Preachers. — 1830 (connected with Port Deposit Circuit), George 
 Woolley, William Bloomer; 1831, Thomas McCarroU, Robert E. 
 Kemp; 1832, Thomas MoCarroll, J. B. Hagany; 1833, Jacob Gruber, 
 John Spear; 1834, Levi Storks, lidward Kennard. John Goforth was 
 supernumerary on the circuit from 1830-34, George Woolley for 1833. 
 1836 ('With Northeast Circuit), P. E. Coombe, C. J. Crouch, G. Woolley 
 (sup.); 1836 (wilh West Nottingham), W. Ryder, C. J. Crouch; 
 ■ 1837-38 (Nottingham), Samuel Grace, John S. Inakip ; 1839, W. 
 Torbert, M. D. Kurtz; 1840, W. Torbert, Charles Sohook. Geo. Wool- 
 ley (sup.) on the circuit from 1836 to 1840. 1841, William C. Thomas, 
 H. S. Atmore; 1842, Edward Kennard, James M. McCarter; 1843, 
 George Barton, D. L. Patterson. Thomas Miller (sup.) for 1842-43. 
 1844, G. Barton, Abraham Freed; 1846, Eliphalet Reed, Henry B. 
 Mauger; 1846, Leeds K. Berridge, Thomas Miller; 1847, John D. 
 Long, J. A. Whitaker. Whitaker changed to the Grove Circuit, and 
 William Major sent by the presiding elder to fill his place. 1848, C. 
 Shock, W. Robb; 1849, C. Schock ; 1850, Jonas Bissey ; 1851 (0.v- 
 ford Circuit), Jonas Bissey, John Thompson. The death of J. Bissey 
 led to John Thompson being placed in charge, and F. B. Harvey to 
 assist. 1852, John F. Boone, Reuben Owen; 1863, John Cummics, 
 A. Howard; 1864, John Cummins, John Dyson ; 1855, John Edwards ; 
 1856, T. B. Miller, E. T. Kenney; 1857, T. B. Miller, U. H. 
 Bodine; 1858, John B. Dennison, John France. "Minutes" 
 have John France. After Conference, France was sent to Brandy- 
 wine village; N. B. Durell supplied his place. 1859, J. B. Den- 
 nison, T. F. Plummer; 1860-61 (New London and Elk Ridge), 
 John France; 1862, Henry S. Thompson; 1863, C. J. Crouch; 1864, 
 G. L. SehaJFer; 1866, II. H. Bodine; 1866-67, W. P. Howell; 1868 
 (Oxford made a separate charge, and the remaining appointments 
 added to New London and Elk Ridge, making a circuit), II. B. Mau- 
 ger, Levi B. HoETman; 1869-70, John C. Gregg, J. C.Wood; 1871, 
 John Shields, Robert C. Wood, F. B. Harvey. A change was made : 
 R. C. Wood sent to Kennct Square, and Thomas M. Jackson changed 
 from Sate Harbor to New London. 1872, J. Shields, F. B. Uarvey, 
 
 A. H. Maryott; 1873, John Shields; 1874-75, George W. Ly brand ; 
 1876-77, Thomas Montgomery; 1878-79, Matthias Barnhill; 188.0-81, 
 Alden AV. Quimby. 
 
 FLINT HILL (FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP). 
 
 The first church was built prior to 1829. The early 
 class-meetings were held in Daugherty's paper-mill, and the 
 first class-leader was Joseph Jones. The church was de- 
 stroyed by fire in 1850, and was rebuilt in 1861, at a cost 
 of about $2000. A graveyard attached. Since 1869 it 
 lias formed part of New London Circuit. For pastors see 
 history of New London M. E. Church. 
 
 MAUSHALLTON (WEST BRADFORD TOWNSHIP). 
 Rev. Alban Hooke, a local preacher, belonging to the 
 society then called Batten's, now Hopewell, was the first 
 Methodist preacher in this locality. He had three appoint- 
 ments in this neighborhood, viz. : Moses P. Hiddleson's 
 barn, in a pine grove on Isaac Carpenter's property, and in 
 a chestnut grove on the bank immediately west of Maris 
 Woodward's dwelling. Subsequently two other local 
 preachers associated with him in this work, — the Revs. 
 Adley Magill and John Miles. The first preaching-place 
 in Maishallton was an old wheelwright-shop on Dr. Parish's 
 lot, and there the first class was formed (as near as can be 
 gathered) in 1828. Report says that both local and itin- 
 erant ministers preached occasionally in Joseph Burton's 
 house. Also the Rev. William Hodgson preached occasion- 
 ally in the dwelling-house of Daniel Davis, located near the' 
 Bradford Friends' meeting-house. The church was built 
 in 1829. There is a graveyard attached to the church. 
 Preachers : the supply came from West Chester. In 1827 
 West Chester became a separate charge, taken from Chester 
 Circuit. 1830, appears in the appointments West Chester 
 and Marshallton. This arrangement continued till 1841. 
 For list of pastors see history of West Chester. In 1841 
 united with Brandywine Circuit. 
 
 Pastors. — 1841, Henry Sutton, Wesley Henderson; 1842, Allen 
 John, George S. Quigley ; 1843, A. John, H. S. Atmore; 1844, James 
 Harmer, George W. Lybrand; 1845, J. Harmer, Stearns Patterson; 
 1846, John Bayne, William Robb; 1847, John Bayne, Jacob Dicker- 
 son; 1848, Joseph Carlisle; 1849, Joseph Carlisle, Joseph S. Cook; 
 1850, Henry Sanderson, Joseph S. Cook; 1861, Henry Sanderson, 
 T. B. Miller; 1852, John Shields, Abel Howard; 1853, J. Shields, 
 James N. King; 1854, 6. W. Lybrand, E. S. Wells (si.t months), E. 
 T. Kenney (six months); 1865, G. W. Lybrand, Edward T. Kenney; 
 1856, T. Snowdon Thomas, Alexander M. Wiggins; 1867, John Cum- 
 mins, John France; 1868, John Edwards, J. 0. Sypherd; 1859, was 
 made a station; 1869-60, Joseph Smith; 1861, Marshallton, Union- 
 ville, Laurel, and Washington, Joseph Cook; 1882-63, with Unionville 
 and Kennet Square, S. W. Kurtz; 1864, William H. Fries; 1866, 
 Alfred A. Fisher; 1866, John Edwards; 1867-69, a station (the last 
 year Hamorton with it), Jeremiah Pasterfield; 1870-71, Marshallton 
 and Hamorton, Edward Townsend; 1872-73, Marshallton Circuit, 
 including also Washington and Laurel, Frederick Illman; 1874-75, 
 Thomas Montgomery; 1876-77, JohnO'Ncil: 1878-79, William W. 
 Wisegarver; 1880-81, John T. Gray. 
 
 WAYNESBURG (HONEYBROOK TOWNSHIP). 
 The church, finely located, valued at $12,000 ; a par- 
 sonage, valued at $3850 ; a graveyard connected with the 
 church. The first class consisted of ten members. The 
 old church was built in 1824, during the pastorate of Revs. 
 Jacob Gruber, Thomas Miller, and James Moore, the 
 preachers on the Lancaster Circuit, which reached. from 
 
iitfVKa'j;i,'ej:a;^.!ij< 
 
RBSZDENCB OF REV. SAMUBI. DICKEY, OXFORD. 
 
METHODIST CHURCHES. 
 
 ;]87 
 
 Lancaster on the west, and extended to Plioenixville on the 
 east, and included Readinjr. A church was built at Cam- 
 bridge, perhaps prior to the one at Wajnesburj;. The 
 old church was superseded by the present church in 1843. 
 Rev. Matthew Sorin preached the dedication sermon.* 
 
 The preachers since 1830 have been : 
 
 • 18.31-32, George Woolley, Jacob Grubor ; 183.3, David Best, Riobard 
 W.Thomas; 1834, Thomas Miller, John S[iear; 1835, William Tor- 
 bert, Allen John, D. Best (sup.) ; 1830 (name of the circuit changed 
 to Springfield), W. Torbert, A. John, D. Best (sup.) ; 1837, John Ed- 
 wards, Henry Sutton, D. Best (sup.) ; 183,*,. John Edwards, Henry 
 Sutton, John A. Watson, D. Be.=t, (sup ) ; 1839-40, Jonas Bisscy, 
 Thomas Sumption ; 1841, James Hand, William L.Gray; 1S42, James 
 B. Ayars, Arthur W. Milby; 1843, James B. Ayars, Peter J. Cu.\ : 
 1844, James Hand, Gcorgo D. Bovvcii, J. A. Watson, su|i. ; 1845, 
 Elchard M. Grecnbank, Simuel Pancoast; 1846,11. iM. Greenbank, 
 Henry B. Mauger; 1847, John Edwards, John Walsh; 1848, J. Ed- 
 wards, Samuel R. GiUingham; 1849-50, Enos R. Williams, John 
 Cummins; 1851, Eliphalet Reed, Peter llallowell; 1852, Joseph Car- 
 lisle, Abraham K. Freed, John T. Gracey, E. Itecd (sup.); 1853 (the 
 circuit divided, and ])aTt called Wnyiiesburg), Joseph Carlisle, A. 
 Longacre; 1S54, S. G. Hare, one to be supplied; 1855, Samuel G. 
 H.are, Nehemiah W. Bennum ; 185(i, William II. Burrcll, Levi B. 
 Hughes; ,1857, W. H. Burrell, one to bo supplied; 1858, John P. 
 Meredith, Charles W. Ayars; 1859, John F. Meredith; 1860-61, John 
 J. Jones; 1862-63, James Y. Asbton ; 1864, E. I. D. Pc|ipur; 1865, 
 John Allen; 1866, George Cummins; 1867-69, Samuel \V. Kurtz; 
 1870, John J, Pcarce; 1871-72, Andrew Gather; 1873-74, Jacob M. 
 Hinson; 1S75-77, George Ilcacook; 1878-80, George AV. F. Graff; 
 ISSl, Henry R. Calloway. 
 
 VALLEY FORGE. 
 
 In 1831 the itinerant preachers made their appearance 
 in Valley Forge. Brothers Gruber and Woolley preached 
 occasionally in an old red-colored frame school-house which 
 stood on the west bank of the creek, and close to the gun- 
 factory. It bore the significant cognomen of " synagogue," 
 perhaps bestowed in derision of the Methodists. 
 
 The church building was begun about the year 1833. 
 When it was almost finished it was struck by a fierce wind, 
 which carried ofi" the roof, compelling the faithful few to 
 hold their meetings in the basement, and it was not until 
 the year 1837 that the present structure was really com- 
 pleted. Brother Quay, who had been a member of the 
 Salem Church, in the valley, was the first class-leader we 
 know of in Valley Forge ; this was about the year 1833. 
 He was succeeded by Brother N. Jones, who is still asso- 
 ciated with the class as assistant leader. Among its firsc 
 members were Brothers Moon and Stanley, both local 
 preachers; also William and John Montgomery, James 
 Cane, and John McCollom ; these, with their friends, all 
 came from Ireland, and the society was in a very prosperous 
 condition. There were also Mrs. Bond, Nathan Jones, 
 Thomas and Hannah Ogden, with Mrs. Miller. The sur- 
 vivors are Nathan Jones, Hannah Ogden, and Mrs. Miller. 
 The history of the society from its commencement until 
 now has been varied. It has had its triumphs and defeats, 
 though never driven off the field. Mrs. Hannah Ogden 
 informed me that when Phoenixville was in charge of Rev. 
 David Shields, over forty years ago, they had very lively 
 meetings in Valley Forge, which resulted in a glorious re- 
 
 » Rev. M. Sorin, D.D., died in Pueblo, Col., Aug. 11, 1879, aged 
 seventy-seven years, eleven months, and four days. His remains are 
 interred in Mount Moriah Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 vival. At that time Rev. David Shields, or one of his 
 two brothers, John or Richard, local preachers, were quite 
 regular in their attendance here as preachers. Rev. 
 George Haycock is the last Conference preacher stationed 
 at Phoenixville who came to the Valley Forge ; this was 
 just before the Rev. C. I. Thompson took charge of it. 
 However, it was well supplied with local preachers. Of 
 those brethren, who stood deservedly high in the estima- 
 tion of the people, we would make honorable mention of 
 Brothers Montgomery and Reigner, both of whom have 
 gone to their rest. Six years ago Rev. Robert A. Mc- 
 Ilwain was iippointcd to assist Rev. Charles I. Thomp- 
 son as junior preacher; one year after, Rev. L. Taylor 
 Dugaii ; then Rev. Joseph H. Boyd, who stayed two years ; 
 Rev. William Powick, one year ; and then Rev. John Bell, 
 now in his second year. 
 
 At the beginning this church was an appointment on 
 the old Waynesburg Circuit. Then it was that Revs. 
 Jacob Gruber and George Woolley made their semi-monthly 
 visits. In 1833 with Chester Circuit; in 1834 with Rad- 
 nor Circuit. In 1843 it became a part of the old Grove 
 Circuit; in 1853 with the Phoeiiixville Circuit; in 1859 
 made a separate charge, and Valley Forge formed an 
 adjunct to it. 
 
 Pu8(o)-«.— 1831-32 (Waynesburg Circuit), George Woolley, Jacob 
 Gruber; from 1833-59, see history of Grove and Salem M. E. Churches; 
 from 1859-71, see history of Phoenixville M. E. Church; from 1871, 
 a separate charge. For supply see this hi^tory. 
 
 For this sketch I am indebted to Rev. John Bell, the 
 present pastor (1881). 
 
 GOOD-WILL. 
 
 The church has always been so called, and is said to de- 
 rive its name from the Good Will school-house, on the 
 same ground. The school-house was built through the 
 goodwill of the people ; each person contributed something 
 towards its erection. Others say that Thomas Millard, the 
 man who donated the ground, had a dream, and in it heard 
 the passage, " On earth peace, gnod-will towards men."f 
 
 The church is situated on the Good-Will road, in West 
 Nantmeal township. Methodism was introduced into this 
 locality some time previous to 1832. It is uncertain 
 whether the first class was held at Samuel Packingham's 
 residence or the Good-Will school-house. I believe they 
 went from the school-house to the church, and that the 
 residence was the first place. The church was built in 
 1832, and cost about §1600. Remodeled in 1877, it is now 
 valued at 13000. There is a burying-ground attached to 
 the church. Rev. George Woolley was here at the time of 
 organization. This would fix the date in 1831 or 1832, 
 when George Woolley and Jacob Gruber traveled Waynes- 
 burg Circuit. 
 
 The pastors from that date till 1881: See history of Waynesburg 
 M. E. Church from' 1831-53; from 1853-71 (with Springfield Cir- 
 cuit), see history of Springfield M. B. Church; 1871-77 (associated 
 with Springton (or Glen Moore) ; 1871-72, William K. Macneal; 1873 
 -75, Maris Graves; 1876, David M. Gordon; 1877, William W. Wise- 
 garver; in 1878, a charge by itself; 1878-80, George Mack; 1881, 
 William Redheffer. 
 
 f Rev. Thomas Millard was " admitted on trial" in the Philadel- 
 phia Conference in 1829. He located in 1837. 
 
288. 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 SALEM. 
 We date this society from 1833. The leading man was 
 John SloaT), at whose house was preaching till the church 
 wa.s built. The stewards' book of Chester Circuit reports 
 the first money received for the support of ministers, under 
 the date of Aug. 8, 1833, S6. A new church was built 
 in 1874, dedicated May 1, 1875; cost, $6000. A grave- 
 yard is connected with the church. 
 
 Lift of Pantors, — 183.3 (on Chester Circuit), James B. Ayars, Robert 
 E. Morrison, John Edwfirds, John Talley (sup). In 1834 ii new 
 circuit was formed, eailed Radnor, whieh emhriieed Salem. In 1834, 
 David Best, Richard W. Thomas; 1835, R. W. Thomas, John Perry: 
 1836, William Cooper, Jesse Ford; 1837, W, Cooper, James Hand; 
 1838, James B. Ayars, Charles W. Jackson; 1S39, J. B. Ayars, Fred- 
 eriolc Gram; 184D, Henry 6. King, James Neill ; 1841, H. Q. King, 
 Levin M. Prettyman; 1842, George Laeey, Christopher J. Crouch. 
 In 1843 Grove Circuit was formed from Radnor, Salem in the formor. 
 In 1843, Thomas Sumption, Thomas C. Murphey j 1844, T. Sumption, 
 James R. Anderson; 1845, David Dailey, John W. Mecaskey ; 1846, 
 D. Dailey, George W. Lybrand. In 1847 the annual " Minutes" have 
 John Lednum, one to be supplied. 
 
 A charge was made in June, after Conference, and Henry S. At- 
 more was changed from Chatham to Salem, with T. Addison Whita- 
 ker as junior preacher. 
 
 In 1848, II. S. Atmore associated with him the local preachers and 
 cxhorters; 1849, James Harmer, Stearns Patterson; 1850, James 
 Harmer, William C. Robinson, the latter appointed by the presiding 
 elder. Harmer died Sept. 8, 1850, and W. C. Robin.«on was placed 
 in charge, assisted by the local preachers and exhorters. In 1851, 
 Joseph H. Wythes, John H. Boyd; 1852, J. H. Wylhes, John J. 
 Jones; 1853 (Salem associated with Phoenixville, etc., called Phoenix- 
 ville), Christopher J. Crouch, John F. Meredith; 1854, C. J. Crouch; 
 1855, Samuel R. Giljinghnm, Wesley Reynolds; 1856, S. R. Gilling- 
 ham, Charles W. Ayars; 1857, John Shields, Horace A. Cleveland; 
 1858, John Shields, George D. Mills; 1859-60 (eailed Salem, associ- 
 ated with Charlestown, etc.), Lewis C. Pettit; 1861-62, John O'Neill; 
 1863-64, James Hand; 1865, John Edwards; 1866-67, William Ham- 
 mond; 1868-69, Thomas Sumption; 1870-71, Daniel L. Patterson; 
 1872-73, William T. Miigee; 1874-76 (Chester Valley Mission), Ravel 
 Smith ; 1877, Samuel W. Smith (Andrew Cather filled out unexpired 
 year of S. W. Smith); 1878 (Salem), William H. Aspril; 1879-80, 
 Ejihraim Potts; 1881, Andrew J. Amthon. 
 
 DOWNINGTOWN. 
 In 1824 there was preaching at the house of William 
 Wiggins, who was the first member of the church in- the 
 place. Part of the time, -prior to tlie building of the 
 church, they worshiped in the wheelwright-shop which 
 stands below the toll-gate, and was owned by John Garey. 
 Sheplierd Ayres sometimes had the class to meet at his 
 house at the toll-gate, below the town. The first class- 
 lea ler was S. Ayres. In 1833 the first M. E. church was 
 built on the lot purchased of Thomas Webster. It was of 
 stone, built by contract with Richard Webster ; size, 32 by 
 40 feet; cost, $648. The first board of trustees were 
 Shepherd Ayres, Isaac Pauling, Benjamin McDaniel, Wm. 
 Few, Jr., Wm. Wiggins, Wm. Lent, and Jacob Zook. Nov. 
 1 7, 1833, it was dedicated by Revs. James B. Ayars and Rob- 
 ert E. Morrison. They were the preachers on the circuit 
 (Chester), of which Downingtown was one of the appoint- 
 ments. There were at that time 25 members. June 28, 
 1835, the first Sabbath-school was organized, with S. 
 Ayres as superintendent, and most of the time he was the 
 only teacher. In May, 1860, the board of trustees resolved 
 to build a new church, the old one having become too 
 small. They sold the old lot, and purchased another on 
 the opposite side of the street. The church was finished 
 
 and dedicated in 1868. In its early history, Isaac Pauling, 
 a very acceptable local preacher, and S. Ayers helped to lay 
 the foundation of Methodism in Downingtown. The 
 chitrge was first connected with Chester Circuit, afterwards 
 with Radnor, Brandywine, and Grove Circuits, after which 
 it became a station. 
 
 The pastors from 1824, as follows : From 1824 till 1840, see history, 
 of Grove M. E. Church: from 1840 till 1853 (a part of Brandywine 
 Circuit), see history of Coatesville M. E. Church; 1853 till 1867, see 
 history of Grove M. E. Church; from 1867 till 1881, a separate 
 charge. Pastors : 1867-69, David W. Gordon; 1870-71, William W. 
 McMichael ; 1872-74, Geo. T. Hurloek ; 1875-77, Geo. S. Broadbent; 
 1878-80, John Stringer; 1881, Geo. G. Rakestraw. 
 
 SADSBURYVILLE— VILLAGE OP SADSBURY. 
 In 1833 or 1834 the church was built. A committee 
 to estimate the expense of " building a meeting-house" was 
 appointed by the Quarterly Meeting Conference, held at 
 Columbia, Lancaster Co., Pa., Nov. 24, 1832. Committee, 
 Charles Saxton, John Adams, and Richard Nichols. It 
 was connected with Strasburg and Columbia Circuit. 
 
 Preachers.— \ii2, Thomas Miller, Eliphalet Reed, John Edwards; 
 1833 (Soudersburg Circuit), Thomas A. Miller, William Ryder; 1834, 
 John Lednum, Robert E. Morrison, Thomas Sumption (part of the 
 year); 1835, J. Lednum, John Edwards; 1836, J. Edwards, John 
 Augustus Watson; 1837, Robert Anderson, Dallas D. Lore; 1838, 
 Bnos R.Williams; 1839, E. R. William.', D. Best (sup.) ; 1840, Samuel 
 Grace, Thomas S. Johnson, David Best (sup.) ; 1841, Samuel Grace, 
 John D. Long, D. Best (sup.) ; 1842, Gasway Oram, John C. Owens ; 
 1843, G. Oram, G. D. Carrow; 1844, William K. Goentner, David 
 Titus; 1845, W. K. Goentner, Henry Sanderson; 1846, Allen John, 
 J. Addison Whitaker; 1847, Allen John ; 1848, James Harmer, Allen 
 John (sup.); 1849 (Cochranville Circuit), JohnBayne; 1850, John 
 Bayne, John Thompson ; 1851, William L. Gray, John J, Jones ; 1852, 
 Samuel G. Hare, Francis B. Harvey; 1853, S. G. Hare, John O'Neill ; 
 1854 (with Brandywine Circuit), Geo. W. Lybrand, E. S. Wells (six 
 months), Edward T. Kenney (six months) ; 1855, G. W. Lybrand, E, 
 T. Kenney ; 1856, T. Snowden Thomas, A. M. Wiggins ; from 1857 to 
 1880, connected with Coatesville station. (For pastors see history of 
 Coatesville M. E. Church.) 1881, with Hibeinia and Thorndale, 
 Stephen 0. Garrison. 
 
 UJSriONVILLE (BAST MARLBOROUGH TOWNSHIP). 
 As early as 1774 a place for preaching was at Thomas 
 Preston's, in or near Unionville ; after some years this 
 ceased, but in later years it was revived, and a church built 
 at Unionville.* Rev. Alban Hooke was the father of 
 Methodism through all this neighborhood. He resided for 
 several years in Loni^ongrove township ; while a resident 
 in that locality he had preaching, as well as a class, at his 
 
 * From Rev. A. Hooko, deceased, I gathered that preaching by the 
 Methodists was introduced into this neighborhood by Thomas Rankin, 
 one of Mr. Wesley's early preachers, who came to this country June 1, 
 1773, and returned to England in 1778, arriving at the Cove of Cork, 
 Ireland, on the 15th of April. The place of meeting was Thomas 
 Preston's, a shoemaker, who lived on the farm owned in 1822 by John 
 Edwards, located three miles southwest of Unionville. In 1826 tho 
 walls of the basement of the tenant-house were still standing. This 
 was the house in which Preston lived. He is buried in the Episcopal 
 Church graveyard, near the Friends' meeting-house, in West Marl- 
 borough township. Rev. William Colbert preached there in 1797, 
 when he traveled Chester Circuit. In 1822 preaching was resumed 
 at Pyle's school-house, one mile west of Unionville. In 1826 the 
 preaching moved to Unionville. In 1839, when the Rev. E. R. Wil- 
 liams was on tho Soudersburg Circuit, the church was built. A 
 singular fact that A. Hooke, after they had resumed preaching, met 
 with Joseph Preston, son of Thomas Preston. He was a member of 
 the Protestant Episcopal Church. Since 1822 Methodism has had .an 
 existence in Unionville. 
 
METHODIST CHURCHES. 
 
 289 
 
 house. In 1827, Rev. William Cooper preached and led a 
 class at his residence, being one of the appointments on 
 Chester Circuit. 
 
 The recording steward's book of Chester Circuit, under 
 the date of Feb. 28, 1819, reports $1.75 as received from 
 the class led by him. Living within three or four miles of 
 Unionville, he visited it and preached, forming also a class, 
 which became the nucleus of a church. As near as I can 
 ascertain, the class or society was organized in 1835. The 
 appointment was embraced in the Soudersburg Circuit. 
 The first class was formed by Rev. Alban Hooke, of which he 
 was temporary leader, then Lewis Taylor as regular leader. 
 Among the first members were Lewis Taylor and wife, 
 Ann Harvey, Mifilm, Elihu, and Elizabeth Bayley, George 
 Hall, Emeline Allen, Ann Clayton, Rebecca Emmett. The 
 class was formed in the old tavern, in an upper room. The 
 old tavern is still standing, and was built by George Jack- 
 son, one of the first settlers. Rev. John Lednum, who 
 traveled here 1835-36, had quite a revival, and preached 
 in the summer-time in Preston's woods, between the State 
 and Doe Run roads. Rev. John Edwards, stationed here 
 in 1835, at that time held occasionally class- and prayer- 
 meetings in the house of Lewis Taylor. After the academy 
 was built they rented the old log school-house (still stand- 
 ing), and meetings were held there until they removed 
 to the new church. The ground for the site of the church 
 was bought of Hays Jackson for $40. Mifflin Bayley 
 gave $30 ; George Hall and Ann Harvey $5 each. The 
 church, built by subscription, was commenced in 1839, and 
 completed in 1840. William Gause, the contractor, re- 
 ceived $500 ; the membership helped to get out the lum- 
 ber ; George Hall gave the glass, and did the painting 
 and glazing. . The Bible used in the church was presented 
 by Rev. Enos R. Williams. In 1841, during the pastorate 
 of Revs. Henry Sutton and Wesley Henderson, a revival 
 took place which added many valuable members, several of 
 whom are still living. 
 
 Paalora. — -From 18.35 to 1840, an appointment on Soudersburg Cir- 
 cuit; 1835, John Lednum, John Edwards ; 1836, John Edwards, John 
 A.Watson; 1837, Robert Anderson, Dallas D. Lore; 1838, Enos R. 
 Williams, John A. Bojle; 1839, E. R. Williams, Amos Griner, D. Best 
 (sup.); 1840 (Brandywine Circuit), David E. Gardner. For pastors 
 from 1840 to 1858, see history of Marshallton M. E. Church. 1859 
 (Kennet Square), Lewis Chambers; 1860, no record; 1861 (Marshall- 
 ton and Unionville), Joseph Cook; 1862-63 (with Marshallton and 
 Kennet Square), Samuel W. Kurtz; 1864, William H. Fries; 1865, 
 Alfred A. Ksher; 1866, John Edwards; 1867 (Kennet Square and 
 Unionville), John Edwards; 1868, no record; 1869-70 (with Chatham 
 and Kennet Square), Francis B. Harvey, William W. Barlow; 1871 
 (with Kennet Square), Robert C. Wood; 1872, George Alcorn; 1873, 
 A. L. Hood; 1874, B. C. Yerkes; 1875, Edward I. MeKeever; 1876- 
 77, Elim Kirk; 1878, W. K. Galloway; 1879, W. F. Sheppard; 1880, 
 S. T. Horner. The last few years only preaching occasionally, and 
 supplied from 'Kennet Square Circuit. 
 
 At present the church is closed, there being no society 
 remaining. 
 
 HIBERNIA. 
 
 A church was built at this appointment in the year 
 1840 or 1841, Rev. Alban Hooke the leading man in 
 the enterprise. 
 
 Paatora. — From 1840 to 1857, see history of Coatesville M. E. 
 Church; from 1857 to 1860, part of Brandywine Circuit; 1857, John 
 Cummins, John France; 1858, John Edwards; 1859, John B. Quigg; 
 
 37 
 
 1860-61 (Guthrieville Circuit), Thomas Newman; 1862-63, Nehemiah 
 W. Bennum; 1864, John C.Gregg; 1865, James Carroll; 1866, Alfred 
 
 A. Fisher; 1867-68, John C. Gregg; 1869, Wilmer CoSfman ; 1870, 
 W. Coffman, George A. Wolfe ; 1871, W. Coffman ; 1872-74, Wesley C. 
 Johnson; 1875, Edwiird Townsend; 1876-77, Henry F. Isett; 1878- 
 80, Israel M. Gable; 1881 (Hibernia and Thorndale), Stephen 0. 
 Garrison. 
 
 CHARLESTOAVN. 
 
 Methodism was introduced into Charlestown (known as 
 Hard Scrabble at that time) by Rev. David Best, about 
 1830. The first members were 
 
 William Umblebce, local preacher and first class-leader, Mary Um- 
 blebee, Mary Williams and two daughters, Miiry and Rachel, Daniel 
 and Margaret Coffman, Silas Gordon and wife, Joseph and Elizabeth 
 Snyder, Sarah Black, Eliza, Isabella, and Mary Snyder, Eliza Fun- 
 derwhite, John and Anna Pundcrwhite, Joseph and Elizabeth Devo, 
 Samuel and Rosanna Coffman, John W. McCurdy and Magdalene 
 his wife, David B. Patrick. 
 
 The class met and preaching held in William Umblebee's 
 house, in Charlestown. The church was built in 1840. It 
 cost $1200. It has a graveyard connected with it. Two 
 ministers have gone forth from this church, the Rev. Wil- 
 liam Major and Rev. Wilmer Cofi'man. 
 
 For pastors see history of the Grove M. E. Church from 1830 to 
 1852; from 1853 to 1858, see history of Phoenixville, etc.; from 1859 
 to 1873, with Salem; 1859-60, Lewis C. Pettit; 1861-62, John O'Neill; 
 1863-64, James Hand; 1865, John Edwards; 1866-67, William Ham- 
 mond; 1868-69, Thomas Sumption; 1870-71, Daniel L. Patterson; 
 1872-73, William T. Magee; 1874 (a station, called Charlestown), W. 
 T. Magee; 1876, George A. Wolfe; 1876-77, John D. Fox ; 1878, John 
 O'Neill; 1879-80, Richard Kaines; 1881, Frederick M. Brady, 
 
 TEMPLE (NORTH COVENTRY TOWNSHIP). 
 In 1840, Rev. James Harmer, preacher in charge of 
 Pottstown Circuit, organized a class. Rev. Daniel Crocket 
 was the leader, and preaching was at his house as oppor- 
 tunity afibrded. In 1843 the interest had so grown that, 
 with some work, a plank and slab house (commonly called 
 the slab shanty) was built on the present site of the Temple 
 M. E. Church, by Rev. James Flannery, preacher in charge. 
 This was in 1842. After that it became a regular appoint- 
 ment on the Pottstown Circuit. In 1844, Revs. Peter J. 
 Cox and David R. Thomas, the pastors, succeeded in building 
 a stone church 30 by 40 feet, calling it the Temple. In 
 1859 the Birdsboro' Circuit was formed, and included Tem- 
 ple ; it remained in that connection till 1859. 
 
 Pastors. — 1840-41, James Harmer; 1842, James Flannery, Henry 
 
 B. Manger; 1843, J. Flannery, D. Titus; 1844, Peter J. Cox, David 
 R. Thomas. For list from 1844 to 1859, see history of Bethel M. E. 
 Church. 1859, on the Birdsboro' Circuit, John O'Neill, Sylvester N. 
 Chew; 1860, John O'Neill, Silas B. Best; 1861, Jerome Lindemuth, 
 Samuel T. Kemble; 1862, J. Lindemuth; 1863, Valentine Gray, 
 Samuel Lucas; 1864, V. Gray; 1865-66, Thomas Sumption, George 
 S. Conoway; 1867, T. Sumption, John T. Swindells; 1868, William M. 
 Dalrymple, Thomas C. Pearson; 1869, John Shields. In 1870 Temple 
 became a separate charge; associated with Douglassville, in Berks 
 Co., John A. Cooper as pastor; he was returned in 1871. 1872, John 
 Edwards; 187.3-74, Joseph J. Sleeper. During 1874 the "Temple 
 ohuroh" was rebuilt — size, 37 by 65 feet, with end gallery and two 
 class-rooms— at a cost of $2300. Dedicated Oct. 11, 1874. Revs. T. A. 
 Fernley and Peter J. Cox conducted the dedication services. 1876- 
 77, Hiram U. Sebring; 1878-80, George W. Lybrand; 1881, J. Barn- 
 ford. 
 
 There is a graveyard connected with the church. 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 The society worshiped originally in the Washington 
 school-liouse, an old building, located in the woods south- 
 
290 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTEE COUJ^TY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 east of tlie position of the present church building, where 
 the first class was organized. As early as 1819 a Methodist 
 meeting was held there, at which Rev. Alban Hooke 
 preached.* In the recording steward's book of Chester 
 Circuit we find, under the date of June 9, 18:il, a record 
 of money received for the support of the ministers, — $6.80. 
 From this gather a society then in existence. The present 
 church building was erected in 1841, during the pastorate 
 of Revs. Henry Sutton and Wesley Henderson, at a cost of 
 $400. It was repaired during the pastorate of Rev. John 
 C. Gregg, in 1867 or 1868. 
 
 List of Pastors. — From 1821 to 1832 (with Chester Circuit), see his- 
 tory of Grove M. E. Church; 1832 (with Strasburg and Columbia 
 Circuits), Thomas Miller, Eliphalet Beed, John Edwards, Bobert B. 
 Morrison (for four months.ind four weeks); 1833 (Soudersburg Circuit), 
 Thomas Miller, William Ryder; 1834, John Lednum, Bobert B. Mor- 
 rison, Thom.is Sumption (part of the year); 1835, J. Lednum, John 
 Edwards; 1836, J. Edwards, John A. Watson; 1837, Robert Ander- 
 son, Dallas D. Lore; 1838, Enos R. Williams, John A. Boyle; 1839, 
 E. R. Williams, Amos Griner; 1840, Brandy wine Circuit; from 1841) 
 to 1881, see history of Laurel M. E. Church. 
 
 BETHEL (SOUTH COVENTRY TOWNSHIP) 
 
 was erected in the year 1844, and was connected with the 
 Pottstown Circuit, Rev. Peter J. Cox pastor. Methodist 
 services had been held in a school-house in the neighborhood 
 several years prior to this time, and when the church was 
 dedicated the society numbered about 20 persons. The 
 ground on which the churcli stands was given by Edward 
 Brownback, Sr. 
 
 Among the first members were Edward Brownback, Jr., 
 Henry Prizer, John Peterman, Mark Delwa, Samuel Davis. 
 At the Conference of 1875 Bethel was associated with 
 Temple and St. James' (Cedarville) Churches, and made a 
 separate charge. 
 
 Pastors in connection with Pottstown Circuit: 1844, Peter J. Cox, 
 David R. Thomas; 1845, P. J. Co-'C, John Shields, John A. Watson, 
 (sup.); 1846, John. W.Arthur; 1847, J. W. Arthur, William Bishop, J. 
 A.Watson (sup.), W. Bishop did not fill the appointment ; 1848, John 
 C. Thomas, John A. Watson (sup.) ; 1849, John C. Thomas, James E. 
 Meredith, J. A. Watson (sup.) ; 1850, George B. Crooks, J. A. Watson 
 (sup.); 1851, Allen John, Joshua H. Turner; 1852, James Hand, Levi 
 B. BeoUley ; 1853, J. Hand, William E. Manlove; 1854, Abraham 
 Freed, John F. Meredith; 1855, A. Freed, Noble Frame; J866, John 
 Edwards; 1857, J. Edwards, William T. Magee; 1858, Daniel L. 
 Patterson, Lewis C. Pettit; 1859, Daniel L. Patterson, John Brand- 
 reth, John A. Watson (sup.) ; 1860, John B. Dennison, Isaac Mast, 
 J. A. Waston (sup.); 1861, J. B. Dennison, J.A.Watson; 1862, Val- 
 entine Gray, Lorenzo D. McCIintock; 1863, Joseph Aspril, D. W. 
 Gordon; 1864, Samuel G. Hare, Samuel H. Reisner; 1865, S. G. 
 Hare; 1866, John Allen, Adam L. Wilson; 1867 (Coventry ville), John 
 
 * The society dates from 1819. This is the origin, as given by Rev. 
 A. Hooke, deceased: "Feb. 26, 1819, A. Hooke leaves General Steel's 
 to attend quarterly meeting at Mount Hope M. E. Church (Delaware 
 Co., Pa.). The snow-drifts resisted his course, and compelled him to 
 turn back. He remained all night with a Mr. Kenneday, near Doe 
 Run, from whom he had borrowed a horse. In the course of conver- 
 sation he asked if there was an opening for preaching in the neigh- 
 borhood. He received the answer that Jacob Myers was building a 
 school-house on his land, and he thought this could be obtained. Ap- 
 plication was made, and the school-house called Washington was 
 granted. The owner of the land, Jacob Myers, and his wife Mary, 
 were members of the Lutheran Church. The class was moved from 
 Coatesville to the Washington school-house in 1819. In less than 
 eighteen months the class numbered 75 ; among the fruits of the meet- 
 ing, Myers and wife and several of the family. At this point a church 
 was built afterwards. They worshiped in the school-house till the 
 church was built." 
 
 Allen; 1868-69 (Springville and Bethel), J. P. Miller; 1870-71, 
 Richard Turner; 1872-73, John H. Wood ; 1872 (New Bethel a sta- 
 tion), John Raymond; 1875-77, Hiram U. Sebring ; 1878-80, Geo. 
 W. Lybrand; 1881, J. Bamford. 
 
 A graveyard is connected with the church. 
 
 SPRING CITY (BAST VINCENT TOWNSHIP). 
 
 Rev. Peter J. Cox was one of the first Methodist preachers 
 in this locality, — probable date, 1844 or 1845. The first 
 meetings were held in what was known as the " Lyceum 
 Building," on the Main Street. The first church was built 
 as a union church in 1846, and bought by the Methodists 
 in 1848. It cost $1120. The present church was com- 
 menced and basement completed in 1872, during the pastor- 
 ate of Rev. John H. Wood. Main audience-room com- 
 pleted during the pastorate of Rev. Joseph B. Grafi', in 
 1880. Cost $8000. 
 
 Pastors. — They were supplied with preaching from Pottstown Cir- 
 cuit : 1844, Peter J. Cox, David R. Thomas; 1845, P.J. Cox, John 
 Shields; 1846-47, J. W. Arthur; 1848, John C. Thomas; 1849, 
 John C. Thomas, James E. Meredith ; 1850, George R. Crooks (John 
 A. Watson, sup. during 1845-50); 1851, Allen John, Joshua H. 
 Turner; 1852, James Hand, Levi B. Beckley; 1853, James Hand, 
 William E. Manlove; 1854, Abraham Freed, John F. Meredith; 
 1855, A. Freed, Noble Frame; 1856, John Edwards. Connected 
 with Evansburg Mission in 1867, Joseph Dare. 1858 (with Perkiomen 
 Circuit), William T. Magee ; 1859-60, John L. Taft (sup.), Jacob Slich- 
 ter; 1861, William M. Ridgway ; 1862, W. M.Ridgway, D. W. Gor- 
 don; 1863, Reuben Owen; 1864, R.Owen, Henry P. Isett; 1866- 
 66, James Hand ; 1867, Edward Townsend, Thomas B. Neely ; 1868- 
 69 (Springville, now called Spring City, associated with Bethel), Jacob 
 P. Miller; 1870-71, Richard Turner; 1872-73, John H. Wood; 1874, 
 a separate charge; 1875-76, Eli Pickersgill ; 1877-78, David H. 
 Shields; 1879-81, Joseph B. Graff. 
 
 GLEN MOORE (WALLACE TOWNSHIP). 
 
 Methodism was introduced into the neighborhood by 
 James Parker, of Hopewell M. E. Church ; the year is not 
 known. Meetings were held in the West Nantmeal Semi- 
 nary, near Wallace inii, some three miles east of Glen 
 Moore. In 1831 a class was formed in James Parker's 
 house, near Glen Moore Station. Revs. George WooUey 
 and Jacob Gruber were regular circuit preachers in the 
 neighborhood, and preached here Tuesday evenings. In 
 the year 1844 a church was built near the Brandywine 
 Creek, one-quarter of a mile south of the Springton Forge, 
 in West Nantmeal (now Wallace) township. It was called 
 Springton M. E. Church. Dr. John B. Chri.sman, propri- 
 etor of the Springton Forge, was a leading spirit in its 
 erection. At the time he was a member of the Coventry- 
 ville M. E. Church The cost of the edifice was $1100. 
 In 1873 a new church was built at a cost of $10,500. The 
 society, when organized, was embraced in the Waynesburg 
 Circuit, called, in 1836, Springfield. 
 
 For a list of pastors from 1831 to 1871, see history of Springfield 
 Church; 1871-72 (Good-Will and Springton), William K. Maeneal; 
 1873-75, Maris Graves; 1876, David M. Gordon; 1877, William W. 
 Wisegarver; 1878-80, Robert A. Mollwain ; 1881, George Gaul. 
 
 LANDENBURG (NEW GARDEN TOWNSHIP). 
 
 Methodism was introduced into the village of Landen- 
 burg by Peter Hart, the first class-leader, who held class- 
 meetings in his own house. The church was built in 
 1848, at a cost of $800. For pastors since 1869, see Elk 
 Ridge history. 
 
METB0DI8T CHURCHES. 
 
 291 
 
 NEW LONDON. 
 The first class-leader was William Rudolph. The first 
 preaching was in the New London Academy. The church 
 was built in 1850. It is owned by the Odd-Fellows, and 
 is leased to the society at New London for ninety-nine 
 years. Sabbath, Aug. 17, 1851, Rev. Jonas Bissey was 
 killed by lightning in the church, and was buried in the 
 graveyard attached to the church. For pastors see history 
 of Elk Ridge Church. 
 
 PENNINGTONVILLE. 
 Prayer- and class-meetings were held in the houses of 
 Charles Reese and Bennet Chalfant prior to 1845. Rev. 
 Henry Sanderson preached the first sermon by a Methodist 
 preacher on a Sabbath evening in 1845, in the shop of 
 Charles Reese. After this the Independence Hall was 
 rented, and the society had regular preaching every two 
 weeks. In 1851, Revs. W. L. Gray and John J. Jones 
 pastors, the building of a church was resolved on, but it 
 was not till 1853 the building was commenced. The trus- 
 tees were Charles Reese, Jesse J. Morgan, Bennet Chalfant, 
 James Collins, and Edward Lammy. S. G. Hare and John 
 O'Neil were the pastors at the time the cornerstone was 
 laid. Rev. Anthony Atwood presiding elder, and Rev. 
 W. L. Gray officiating. The basement was finished, and 
 used for worship in the spring of 1854. The upper room 
 was completed, and dedicated June 3 and 4, 1860. The 
 whole cost of the building was 84000, and the amount 
 needed ($1000) to pay the entire debt was realized. In 
 the cemetery lies the dust of Rev. John Hersey. The list 
 of preachers from 1845 to 1881 is as follows : 
 
 1845, William K. Goentner, Henry Sanderson ; 1846, Allen John, J. 
 Addison Whitaker; 1847, Allen John; 1848, James Harmer, Allen 
 John, sup. (Cochranville Circuit); 1849, John Bayne, George W. Brin- 
 dle; 1850, John Bayne, John Thompson; 1851, William L. Gray, John 
 J. Jones ; 1852, Samuel G. Hare, Erancis B. Harvey ; 185.S, S. G. Hare, 
 John O'Neill; 1854, Thomas Newman, James L. Killgore; 1865, 
 Thomas Newman, Abel Howard; 1856, John B. Dennison, John Her- 
 sey; 1857, John B. Dennison, John E. Kessler; 1858, John Cummins; 
 1859, John Cummins, Nathan B. Durrell; 1860, William H. Burrell; 
 1861, W. H. Burrell ; 1862, Joseph Dare, Robert W. Jones ; 1863, Henry 
 B. Mauger, R. W. Jones; 1864, H. B. Mauger, Wilmer Coffman ; 1865, 
 Valentine Gray, Wesley C. Johnson; 1866, Valentine Gray, Levi B. 
 Hoffman ; 1867, Samuel Panooast, John D. Rigg; 1868, S. Panooast, 
 Thomas Morris ; 1869, Joseph Aspril, John W. Wright ; 1870, Joseph 
 Aspnl, William Downey; 1871 (Peuningtonville), Joseph Aspril ; 
 1872, William W. MoMichael; 1873, Isaac R. Merrill; 1874-75, 
 Ephraim Potts, Francis B. Harvey ; 1876 (Atglen), Israel M. Gable, 
 Francis B. Harvey; 1877, I. M. Gable; 1878, William P. Howell; 
 1879, David H. Shields; 1880-81, Hiram TJ. Sebring. 
 
 OXFORD. 
 
 Methodism was first introduced here by Rev. Henry 
 Boehm, about 1828, while traveling Strasburg Circuit. 
 First gathered for worship at the homes of William Fitz- 
 gerald and Thomas Gypsum. The latter owned a farm 
 adjoining the Oxford fair-ground, now owned by Rev. 
 Samuel Dickey. The first class-leader was James Thomas, 
 father of Rev. Samuel W. Thomas. The church edifice 
 was built in 1851, and dedicated by Revs. Francis Hodg- 
 son and Andrew Manship. From 1828 to 1851 services 
 had been conducted in Hopewell mill (Hopewell Borough), 
 owned by Col. David Duckey, and occupied by John Sump- 
 tion, the father of the late Rev. Thomas Sumption, and at 
 
 private houses in the neighborhood. The opposition to 
 Methodism was so strong in Oxford that none would sell 
 ground for church purposes ; this difficulty was surmounted 
 by a stranger purchasing the ground on which the present 
 edifice now stands. The parsonage was built in Oxford in 
 1877 or 1878. 
 
 List of Pastors. — 1828 (Strasburg Circuit), George Wooley, John 
 Nicholson; 1829, G. Wooloy, Thomas McCarroll; 1830 (Port Deposit 
 Circuit), George Wooley, William Bloomer, John Goforth (sup.) ; 1831 
 (Cecil Circuit), William Torbert, James Niools, Caleb Morris (sup.); 
 1832, W. Torbert, William Spry, Caleb Morris (sup.); 1833, E. Reed, 
 George M. Yard, C. Morris (sup.). It would seem transferrred to 
 Port Deposit Circuit, Jacob Gruber, John Speor. 1834, Levi 
 Storks, Edward Kennard, John A. Roach, John Goforth (sup.) ; 1835 
 (Northeast Circuit), Pennell Coombe, C. J. Crouch; 1836 (West Not- 
 ingham), William Ryder, C. J. Crouch ; 1837-38 (Nottingham), Samuel 
 Grace, John S. Inskip ; 1839, W. Torbert, M. D. Kurtz; 1840, W. Tor- 
 bert, Charles Sohock. George Wooley sup. for 1833, and from 1S35 to 
 1840. 1841, William C. Thomas, Henry S. Almore; 1842, Edward Ken- 
 nard, James McCarter; 1843, George Barton, D. L, Patterson. Thomas 
 Miller (sup.), 1842-43. 1844, G. Barton, A. Freed; 1845, Eliphalet 
 Reed, H. B. Mauger; 1846, Leeds K. Benidge, Thomas Miller; 1847, 
 John D. Long, J. Addison Whitaker. He was removed to the Grove 
 Circuit in June, and William Major sent by the presiding elder. 
 1848, Charles Schock, William Robb ; 1849, C. Schock; 1850, Jonas 
 Bissey; 1851 (Oxford Circuit), J. Bissey, John Thompson; 1852, 
 John F. Boone, Reuben Owen; 1853, John Cummins, Abel Howard; 
 1854, J. Cummins, John Dyson; 1866, John Edwards; 1856, Thomas 
 
 B. Miller, E. T. Kenney; 1857, T. B. Miller, Henry H. Bodine; 1858, 
 John B. Dennison, Nathan B. Durell; 1859, J. Dennison, Thomas 
 F. Plummer; 1860, Joseph Carlile; 1861, James Hand; 1863-64, 
 Thomas Sumption; 1866-66, Francis B. Harvey; 1867, Henry B. 
 Mauger, William M. Gilbert; 1868 (this year Oxford was made a 
 station), John Stringer; 1869-70, A. M. Wiggins; 1871-72, Levi B. 
 Hoffman; 187.3, Samuel G. Hare; 1874-75, Benjamin T. Strong; 
 1876-77, George A. Wolfe; 1878, Matthew Sorin; 1879-80, James 
 
 C. Wood; 1881, Richard Kaincs. 
 
 In 1874 the church was repaired, — the old, high pulpit 
 removed, walls and ceiling papered and painted, etc. 
 
 KBNNET SQUARE. 
 It appears as a mission in 1853. In 1854 returns 18 
 members, 45 probationers. 
 
 List of Pastors. — 1854 (Mount Salem and Kennet Squarj Mission), 
 Thomas W. Simpers, William M. Dalrymple; 1855-66 (Kennet Square 
 Mission), Francis B. Harvey; 1857-58, John Dyson; 1859, L. Cham- 
 bers; 1860, Joseph Cook; 1861 (with Marshallton and Unionville), 
 Joseph Cook; 1862-63 (Marshallton and Kennet Square), Samuel 
 W. Kurtz; 1864, William H. Fries; 1365, Alfred A. Fisher; 1866, 
 John Edwards; 1867 (Kennet Square and Unionville), John Ed- 
 wards ; 1868 (Kennet Square), 1869-70 (Chatham and Kennet 
 Square), Francis B. Harvey, Willi.am W. Barlow; 1871 (Kennet 
 Square), Robert C. Wood; 1872, George Alcorn; 1873, A. L. Hood; 
 1874, Elwood C. Yerkes; 1876, Edward J. McKeever; 1876-78, 
 Elim Kirk; 1879, William F. Sheppard; 1880, S. T. Horner; 1881, 
 Henry R. Robinson. 
 
 SAINT JAMES" (CEDARVILLE, NORTH COVENTRY TOWN- 
 SHIP). 
 
 During the pastorate of Rev. John A. Cooper in 1871, 
 a class was organized at Cedarville, with A. B. Strunk as 
 leader. In 1872, John Edwards was pastor, and in 1873- 
 74, Joseph J. Sleeper. During the latter's pastorate a 
 plan for a church was adopted ; the size, 37 by 60 feet, 
 two stories, with recess. Mr. George Wanger gave the 
 site, a half-acre of ground. June 27, 1874, the basement 
 was dedicated. Revs. Thomas A. Fernley and Joseph Bar- 
 ker taking part. J. J. Sleeper was reappointed in 1874. 
 In 1875-77, Hiram W. Sebring was pastor; during his 
 
292 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 term the main audience-room of this church was finished 
 
 and dedicated. 1878-80, George W. Lybrand, and 1881, 
 
 J. Bamford, pastors. 
 
 PARKESCURG. 
 
 The first Methodist preaching was in 1872, by Rev. Wil- 
 liam Downey. It was in connection with Cochranville and 
 Friendship. He preached here two years, onco in four 
 weeks, in the Baptist and Presbyterian churches. 1874, 
 Rev. Ephraim Potts had charge, in connection with Atglen 
 or Peoningtonville Circuit. This year the old Episcopal 
 church was rented, a protracted meeting held, just about 
 the time of going to Conference, and quite a revival was 
 the result. The first society was organized in the spring 
 of 1876. In 1878, William P. Howell had a large revival. 
 In 1879 the old Episcopal church was purchased for $1200. 
 The membership is now 100, with a fine Sabbath-school. 
 
 Paetors. — 1872 (Cochranville and Friendship), AV. Downey; 1873 
 (Georgetown and Friendship), W.Downey; 1874-76 (Pennington- 
 ville), Ephraim Potts, F. B. Harvey j 1876-77 (Atglen), Israel M. 
 Gable; 1878, William P. Howell; 1879, David H. Shields; 1880-81, 
 Hiram U. Sebring. 
 
 HAMORTON. 
 
 In 1872 a lot was donated at Hamorton on which to 
 erect a church, on which in 1873 was built a neat frame 
 church, at a cost of $3000. It was built largely through 
 the energy of Rev. A. L. Hood, the pastor at that time. 
 For list of pastors see history of Kennet Square Church. 
 In 1869 (Marshallton and Hamorton), Jeremiah Pastor- 
 field ; 1 870, Edward Townsend. 
 
 THORNDALE. 
 
 During the pastoral term of Rev. George S. Broadbent, 
 of Downingtown, from 1875 to 1877, occasional service for 
 preaching was held, and continued during the pastoral term 
 of Rev. John Stringer, from 1878 to 1880. During the 
 last year of his service as pastor of the Downingtown 
 Church a neat chapel was built, dedicated, and paid for. 
 It is now (1881) associated with Hibernia and Sadsbury- 
 ville as a charge, under the pastorate of Rev. Stephen 0. 
 Garrison. 
 
 AVONDALE. 
 
 The origin was during the autumn of 1868. There 
 was a meeting held at the house of J. B. Steward on the 
 night of October 28th. This meeting was composed of 
 seven persons. Here the meetings were continued till the 
 spring of 1869, when a class was formed consisting of 
 seven persons, Reuben Johnson leader. The first Sab- 
 bath-school was organized May 23, 1869, James Andrews 
 superintendent. It was held in the railroad station. June 
 7, 1869, the public services, together with the Sabbath- 
 school, were moved to the hall of Tiba Lamborn, in order 
 to accommodate the increased attendance. The third Sun- 
 day in October the meetings were moved to the basement 
 of J. B. Steward's house. In 1869 there were 20 mem- 
 bers. In the spring of 1870 the place of worship was 
 changed to a room over the store. In 1870 a two-story 
 building was erected for church purposes at a cost of 
 fl400.90. In November of this year an extra meeting 
 was held, which resulted in the conversion of 42 souls. 
 The first building was partly destroyed by fire in 1880 ; 
 no insurance. They now have a neat church, dedicated 
 February, 1881, worth 12000. 
 
 Rev. J. B. Steward served as pastor from May, 1866, to March, 
 1873; in 1874, John D. Fox; 1876, from March to July, T. L. 
 Nelson; July, 1875, to March, 1875, W. B. Chalfant; March, 1876, 
 to October, 1876, S. H. Evans; from October, 1876, to March, 1877, 
 William H. Aspril; 1877, to the spring of 1878, L. T. Dugan; 1878, 
 Reuben Johnson ; 1879-80, James Sampson ; 1881, John W. Ru- 
 dolph. 
 
 UNION AND OCTORARA. 
 
 Union M. E. Church is located in West Nottingham 
 township. A graveyard is attached to the church. The 
 Octorara M. E. Church is located iu West Nottingham 
 township. 
 
 MOUNT ROCKEY. 
 
 This church is located in Elk township. Attached to 
 the church is a burial-ground. 
 
 LUTHERAN CHURCHES. 
 
 ZTON.« 
 The early records of this church are lost. The German 
 Lutherans and Reformed Calvinists jointly obtained the 
 ground, containing about 10 acres; and, a house being 
 erected, each society had their minister, the Rev. Henry 
 Muhlenberg, Sr., of Philadelphia, being the first Lutheran 
 preacher. About 1770, the subject of erecting a new 
 house being agitated, the members could not all agree. 
 Those who afterwards erected St. Peter's wished it nearer 
 French Creek, or rather on their side ; but the Vincent 
 members would not yield, and, retaining their position, 
 satisfied the others for their share. The Reformed mem- 
 bers also proceeded to the erection of a separate church. 
 The present building was then erected, of red sandstone, 
 fronting on the Schuylkill road, about two miles from the 
 French Creek bridge and half a mile from the General 
 Pike, where this road and Branson's road fork. The 
 front is of hewn stone. The building is in sight of the 
 Reading Railroad, below and nearly opposite Spring City, 
 and the site commands a view over a large part of Mont- 
 gomery and Berks Counties. The following names are cut 
 in stone over the front door : 
 
 Rev. L. Fooht (he wrote his name Voigt), C. Shoener, H. Herpel, J. 
 Essig, R. Essig, Peter Miller, Shuman, Henry Christman, 1774. 
 
 Some of those buried in the graveyard, as appears by 
 the inscriptions, were : 
 
 Ludwig Voigt, born in Mansfield, Germany, 1731 ; interred 1800, 
 aged sixty-nine years and thirteen days. It was computed there were 
 not less than 3000 people at his funeral. 
 
 John Hause, died 1835, aged seventy-three years. His father, John 
 Hause, is buried at Rhode's graveyard. 
 
 Benjamin Royer, died 1823, aged fifty-four. 
 
 Andrew Ortlip, died 1819, aged eighty-nine. 
 
 Jacob Finkbine, born 1754, died 1822. 
 
 Nicholas Snider, born 1741, died 1822. 
 
 Henry Hause, son of John, died 1825, aged fifty-six. 
 
 Peter Miller, son of Peter, died 182,5, aged forty-two. He was the 
 organist. 
 
 Peter Miller, Sr., born 1734, died 1803. 
 
 John Maurer, born 1746, died 1800. 
 
 John Shuman, born 1767, died 1822. 
 
 Henry Miller, son of Peter, born 1773, died 1839. 
 
 Clements Rentgen, born 1754, died 1833. 
 
 David Royer, died 1832, aged sixty. 
 
 Henry Maurer, born 1739, died 1800. 
 
 Henry Sheeder, father of the writer, born 1745, died 1807. 
 
 * From statements of Frederick Sheeder, 1846. 
 
1 
 
 2 
 
 ^ 
 
ifSSF-iSSC-i^ffii^ 
 
 
 
 fl/fj^. c?.- JAMES COWAN Valuy Tp. Che^tih Cc Pa 
 
 R£^ OF JAMES B.PYLE, East Fallowfi ELD Tp. Chester Co. Pa. 
 
LUTHERAN CHURCHES. 
 
 293 
 
 Jacob Hailman, born 1780, died 1811. 
 
 Stepben (or Stevanua) HailinaD, the father, born 1744, died 1821. 
 He was a vestryman in Voigt's time, 
 Henry Christman, born 1744, died 1823. 
 George Emricb, born 1754, died 1820. 
 Zacharias Ziegler, born 1713, died 1800, aged eighty-seven. 
 John Baker, born 1762, died 1833, aged seventy. 
 John Miller, born 1762, died 1825, aged sixty-three. 
 Abraham Knerr, died 1836, aged sixty-five. 
 Matthias Wartman, died 1801, aged fifty-seven. 
 Jacob Mayer, born 1749, died 1824. 
 John Walter, born 1733, died 1813, aged seventy-nine. 
 William Walter, Sr., born 1744, died 1818, aged fifty-three. 
 
 Zion church is in Pikeland, but the line of the property 
 joins the Vincent line. The building was commenced in 
 1771, and finished in 1774, and was used as a hospital 
 ■when Washington's forces were at Chester Springs. The 
 church was incorporated Sept. 30, 1789, under the name 
 of "The German Lutheran congregation worshiping at the 
 church called Zion, in Pikeland township," etc. 
 
 This and St. Peter's jointly purchased a place for the 
 minister to reside at in their midst, and in 1787 bought 
 for a parsonage 50 acres from John Hause, a mile above 
 Zion church, for £215 5s., which was paid by the elders 
 and wardens of both congregations, namely, Peter Miller, 
 John Walter, Peter Shuman, on the side of Zion, and 
 George Emry, Zacarias Rice, and (Jacob?) Danfelzer, of 
 St. Peter's. The Chrismans, Hauses, and Millers were 
 formerly the leading members of Zion. " Of this one place 
 of worship at Zion there been till within two years six 
 churches erected." 
 
 Ludwig Voigt was the regular preacher from some time 
 before Zion and St. Peter's were erected until his death. 
 After his decease, Rev. Revenach " made but a short stay, 
 and was discharged on account of his lady in 1805. Did not 
 get to live in the parsonage that was rented on account, as 
 the Pikeland congregation had taken Henry Geisenheiner, 
 of whom the Vincent congregation had a dislike." A 
 short time after. Rev. Frederick Jasinsky became the ac- 
 ceptable and beloved and united preacher at both churches. 
 He was buried at St. Peter's at his request. He occupied 
 the parsonage during life, and in that time a new stone 
 house and a barn were erected by the two congregations. 
 Succeeding him were Rev. Frederick Geisenheiner, senior 
 and junior, and Rev. Jacob Wampole. In the time of the 
 Geisenheiners, English preaching in the afternoon in both 
 churches was admitted. In 1836, Frederick Ruthrauff 
 became the preacher, and had possession of the parsonage ; 
 but in 1842 he was dismissed by the Vincent Consistory 
 and ordered to leave the parsonage, upon which he moved 
 near to Lionville and retained St. Peter's and Lionville 
 congregations, and St. Matthew's, on the Conestoga pike, 
 "anew church a mile above that at formerly Lud wig's 
 Tavern." This was built two or three years before. 
 After Ruthrauff left, Rev. Joseph Miller, from the Trappe, 
 served the church until Rev. Mr. Weldon became the regu- 
 lar preacher at Zion and St. Paul's,— German in the fore- 
 noon and English in the afternoon. He purchased the 
 parsonage from the two congregations. 
 
 ST. PETER'S. 
 About the year 1770 the congregation of Zion Church, 
 being about to erect a new building, were divided in opinion 
 
 as to the location, and this resulted in the erection of two. 
 Michael Koenig, by deed of May 16, 1771, conveyed to 
 Peter Hartman, George Emrey, Conrad Miller, and Adam 
 Moses between one and two acres of land for the use of a 
 church and burying-ground, as also a right of way two 
 yards in width to a spring on the other side of the road 
 (called then Griffith Evans' road), and ,a square perch at 
 the spring, with liberty to build a house over it, etc. This 
 land was then subject to a mortgage which covered the 
 whole township, but on Aug. 9, 1791, Samuel Hoare, by 
 his attorneys, Benjamin Chew, Alexander Wilcocks, and 
 Benjamin Chew, Jr., gave the church a release in consider- 
 ation of five shillings. 
 
 It was at the house of Michael Koenig that the Rev. 
 Henry Muhlenberg, the pioneer of Lutheranism in this 
 country, preached before any church had been erected in 
 this part. David King, his great-grandson, now owns and 
 lives on the same land, which has never been out of the 
 family. The following subscription-paper, of which the 
 original was in German, has been furnished, with other 
 matter, by John King, Esq., a great-grandson of Michael, 
 and is of interest as showing who were then citizens and 
 active members of the church in those parts. Pikeland, it 
 may be remarked, was then generally called Pikestown : 
 
 " We the Undersigned subscribers do promise for ourselves our heirs, 
 Executors or Administrators . . . to pay or Cause to be paid unto 
 Michael King, George Emrey, Peter Hartman, & Conrad Miller, or to 
 either of them or their Successors or their order the Several sura of 
 Money herein Annexed to our names severally and not to pay one for 
 Another towards paying for a piece of Land in Pikeland Township, 
 Chester County & towards Brrecting or Building A Lutheran Church 
 on Said Land one half of Said money to be paid the Twenty-seventh 
 day of November next ensuing the date hereof and the other half of 
 said money on the Twenty -seventh day of November Annoque Dom- 
 meny 1772. 
 
 " But if there will Default be made in payment of the said money 
 as above said at the time Above Limited for the payment thereof we 
 do hereby severally Acknowledge judgment for said Debt &, to Au- 
 thorize & empower any of his Magesties Justices of the Peace in his 
 Magesties Domminians to Grant Execution Against us severally for 
 said Debt & Cost of Suit. Witness our hands In May Anno Dom- 
 
 meny 1771. 
 
 £ <. d. 
 
 " Michael Koenig (Michael King) 5 
 
 Peter Hartman 5 
 
 George Emrioh (George Emrey) 5 
 
 Everadt Miller (Conrad Miller) 5 
 
 Adam Moszes (Adam Moses) 5 
 
 Johannes Klinger (John dinger) 5 
 
 Zacharias Kcisz (Zachariah Eioe) 5 
 
 Conradt Seiner (Conrad Seiner) 5 
 
 Jacob Dannfeltzer (Jacob Danfield) 5 
 
 Baltaser Ludwig 4 
 
 Johannes Hartman (John Hartman) 4 
 
 Vallentine Orner (Valentine Orner) 4 
 
 George Diry (George Deery) 4 
 
 Vallentine Ludwig (Valentine Ludwick) 3 
 
 Stofltel Schmit (Christopher Smith) 3 
 
 Jacob Moszes (Jacob Moses) 3 
 
 Vallentine Kusz (Valentine Fuss) 2 10 
 
 Jacob Schlier (Jacob Sloyer) 2 10 
 
 Lorenz Hibel (Lawrence Hippie) 2 10 
 
 Vallentine Heim (Valentine Himes) 2 10 
 
 Andony Britscher (Anthony Britscher) 2 5 
 
 Jacob Hartman 2 
 
 Vallentin Sohmid (Valentino Smith) 2 
 
 Nicklasz Fusz (Nicholas Fuss). 
 
 Henrich Schraok (Henry Schrack) 1 10 
 
 Henrich Kner (Henry Knerr) 1 10 
 
 Felix Christman 1 10 
 
 Samuel Bucher 10 
 
 Henrich Schleier (Henry Sloyer) 1 10 
 
 Henrich Hibel (Henry Hippie) 1 
 
 Johannes Hoenge (John Hoenge) 10 
 
 George Christman 10 
 
 Lenhart Sohtnit (Leonhart Smith), 10 
 
294 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 £ a. i. 
 
 Adam Zivermer 10 
 
 Samuel Kanete (Samuel Kennedy) 10 
 
 Lenhert Gergenherzer 1 15 
 
 Robert Ralston 16 
 
 Conrath Soberer (Conrad Sherer) 15 
 
 Johannes Lubacb (John Laubaugh) 15 
 
 Johannes Faedeyer (John Fadeyer) 15 
 
 Paul Bener 14 
 
 Jacob Losch , 10 
 
 Henrich Clebenstein (Henry Clevenstine) 10 
 
 Jacob Nibel (Jacob Nipple). 
 
 Frederick Hibel (Fredericis Hippie) 10 
 
 Peter Hencken (I think it is Peter Rentgen)... 10 
 
 Johannes Mertz (John March) 10 
 
 Henrich Moszes (Henry Moses) 10 
 
 David Sohinken 10 
 
 Matheis Waly (Matthew Wally) 10 
 
 Peter Moszes (Peter Moses) 10 
 
 Jacob Gindei 7 6 
 
 Casper Fidin '. 7 6 
 
 Johannes Schmid (John Smith) 5 
 
 Heinrioh Miller (Henry Miller) 5 
 
 Jacob FIsas 5 
 
 George Frederich Gebs 5 
 
 David Dames 7 4 
 
 James Scbaun 5 
 
 Frederick and George Walig (Frederick and 
 
 George Wally) 7 6 
 
 Johannes Goeftz (John Goetz) 
 
 Jacob Helwig 5 
 
 Henrich Heneken (Perhaps Henry Rentgen)... 3 9 
 
 Johannes Krosz (John Krosz) 5 
 
 Henrich Kros (Henry Kros) 2 6 
 
 Johannes Maetscher (John Maetscher) 2 10 
 
 Jacob Bridou 2 
 
 Nichlaus Lahman (Nicholas Labman) 2 6 
 
 Christian Henrich (Christian Henry) 4 6 
 
 Moriz Ludwig (Morris Ludwick) 2 
 
 Henrich Germer (Henry Germer) 3 
 
 Peter Schuman 15 
 
 Johannes Ewig (John Ewig) 5 
 
 Johannes Arendurez (John Arendurez) 5 
 
 Johannes Sumens (John Sumens) 5 
 
 Wilhelm Kauen (William Kamen) 2 
 
 Michael Stadelman 5 
 
 Adam Falk 7 6 
 
 Adam Miller 3 
 
 Wilhelm Vifan (William Vifan) 17 6 
 
 Johannes Mackferling (John McFarland) 5 
 
 Borrkhut Baegtel (Borrkhart Bechtel) 7 6 
 
 Adam Baegtel (Adam Bechtel) 5 
 
 Frederick Scheimer (Frederick Shimer) 10 
 
 Samuel Herrve 7 6 
 
 George Ewig 2 
 
 Peter Goring 2 
 
 Peter Dumler (Peter Timbler) 10 
 
 KarlStiehl .' 10 
 
 Herrmann Buerbauer (Harman Beerbower) 2 
 
 Johannes Adler (John Adler) 2 6 
 
 Christian Reistz ( Christian Rice) 10 
 
 Jones Haeok (Jones Heck) 5 C 
 
 The church was finished and consecrated November, 
 1772. Ludwig Voigt, the pastor of this and Zion Church, 
 invited Rev. Henry Muhlenberg to ofiSciate on the occasion, 
 which he did, bringing his wife and the Swedish pastor of 
 Wiccacoa, Rev. Andrew Goeransson, with him from Phil- 
 adelphia. Mr. Muhlenberg preached in German in the 
 forenoon from Gen. xxviii. 20-22, and in the afternoon 
 Mr. Goeransson spoke in English to a great throng. Ser- 
 vices commenced on Sunday, the 8th, arid lasted three days, 
 closing with the 10th, during which the Swedish minister 
 spoke in English and Mr. Muhlenberg in German. The 
 latter was much beloved by the people, at whose solicita- 
 tion he remained, visiting in the neighborhood a few days. 
 In going from house to house the people followed with 
 increasing numbers, until, coming at night to the old head- 
 quarters, as the doctor styled Michael Koenig's house, they 
 would hold religious exercises until late at night. 
 
 , Dec. 21, 1772, Jacob DanfoLser, Adam Moses, Michael 
 Koenig, and Conrad Sellner were elected trustees, Henry 
 Knerr, George Emrioh, Zacharias Rice, and Peter Hart- 
 
 man deacons, and Valentine Foos and Baltazar Ludwig 
 wardens, who were installed March 4, 1773. Henry 
 Muhlenberg, Jr., gave the charge on that occasion. The 
 church was incorporated Sept. 29, 1789, under the name 
 of " The German Lutheran Congregation worshiping at 
 the church called St. Peter's, in Pikeland township," etc. 
 The officers named in the charter were the then minister, 
 Ludwig Voigt ; trustees, Jacob Dannefelser, George Derie, 
 Zachariah Reis ; elders, Valentine Orner, John King, 
 Valentine Fuss, Charles Stell, Jacob Ludwig, and Conrad 
 Henry ; deacons, Michael Hallman, Frederick Strauch, 
 and Lawrence King. 
 
 The first building was of logs, on the same plan as 
 Brownback's (Reformed) church, mentioned elsewhere. 
 The two congregations of St. Peter's and Zion employed 
 the same pastors, who lived in a parsonage purchased jointly 
 by them until about 1840. The old building, like all other 
 meeting-houses in that part of the county, was used for a 
 hospital during the Revolution. 
 
 The following are some of the names found upon the 
 tombstones at this place : 
 
 John Hartman, died 1773. Peter Hartman (son of John), born 
 1740, died 1810. Valentine Orner, born 1743, died 1818. Conrad 
 Miller, died 1774. Valentine Foos, born 1744, died 1815. Conrad 
 Seiner, born 1722, died 1777. George Emrioh, born 1730, died 1800. 
 His wife died 1828, aged 90 years. 
 
 The late Gen. Hartman was the son of George, and 
 grandson of Peter, and an active member of the church, 
 being the treasurer for the greater part of his life; In this 
 he was succeeded by Isaac Tustin, whose useful life was 
 terminated by the disastrous railroad accident on the Pick- 
 ering Valley Railroad, Oct. 4, 1877. John King is the 
 present treasurer. 
 
 The old log church had be'en used nearly 40 years, when, 
 in 1811, it was decided to build a new one, and at the 
 same time an agreement was entered into with the German 
 Reformed congregation by which the latter became part 
 owners of the ground, and the new church was erected by 
 them jointly. The corner-stone was laid Aug. 13, 1811. 
 The building committee were John Emrig, Michael 
 Schlonecker, and George Hartman, Lutherans ; and Henry 
 Labach, John George Schneider, and John Schneider, 
 Reformed. The trustees were Valentine Orner, Michael 
 Schlonecker, and John Emrig. The officers composing 
 the Council of the Lutheran congregation were Adam 
 Moses, John Koenig, Benjamin Schoneman, Michael 
 Binder, George Diery, and Frederick Strauch, elders; 
 Jacob Binder, Philip Gaugler, and John Schreiber, dea- 
 cons. The church was completed at a cost of $2836.45J, 
 and consecrated, under the name of St. Peter's, Oct. 4, 
 1812. It had a fine pipe-organ in it, and on alternate 
 Sabbaths was occupied by the Lutheran and Reformed 
 congregations; but on Jan. 20, 1835, the structure, with 
 all its contents, was destroyed by an incendiary hand. 
 April 24, 1835, the corner-stone of a new edifice was laid, 
 and on the 12th of the following April was consecrated. 
 This building, with a gallery on three sides, and capable 
 of seating 500 persons, is still in use by the two congre- 
 gations and in good repair. The number of communicants 
 has varied during this time from 16 to 160. The two 
 
LUTHERAN CHURCHES. 
 
 295 
 
 societies maintain a harmonious feeling among them, and 
 no trouble has arisen from their joint tenantoy. 
 
 During the pastorate of Frederick Ruthrauff the an- 
 glicizing influence was strong, and the preaching, which 
 since 1815 had been partly in English, was now entirely 
 in that language. The church united with the newly- 
 formed East Pennsylvania Synod, which held its first 
 meeting here, and in which the English language prevailed. 
 Owing to this and some other innovations, a few of the 
 members who were dissatisfied withdrew and built another 
 church at the opposite end of the cemetery. The two 
 congregations are now nearly equal in point of numbers. 
 
 About the time the first church was erected a substan- 
 tial stone school-house was built near by, and was standing 
 until recently, when it was removed to enlarge the ceme- 
 tery. A Sabbath-school was organized Sept. 28, 1828, 
 under the superintendence of John Erwin, and held in the 
 school-house for several years, after which it was removed 
 to the church, and so continues. 
 
 The present trustees are Harman Pennypacker, George 
 ShofiFner, and John King ; elders, Joseph J. Tustin, Dan- 
 iel McClure, Devault Beaver, Samuel Holman, Martin 
 ShofiFner, and John Fry ; deacons, Aaron King, George 
 Washington Hartman, and Isaac N. ShofiFner. 
 
 The first preaching of which we have any historical ac- 
 count was done by Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg. 
 But the succession of regular pastors is as follows : 
 
 Revs. Ludwig Voigt, J. F. Weinland, Frederick Plitt, J. Rowenaueh; 
 Frederick W. Jasinsky, 1811-15; F. W. Goisenheiner, Sr., 1816- 
 19; F. W. Goisenheiner, Jr., 1819-26- Jacob Wampole, 1827-36; 
 Frederick Ruthrauff, 1836-43; John McCron, 1843-47; Daniel Mil- 
 ler, 1847-49 ; Peter Raby, 1849-58; Samuel Aughey, 1858-69 ; Cor- 
 nelius Reimcnsnyder, 1859-63 ; N. H. Cornell, 1863-74; S. S. Palmer, 
 1874-76; J. F. Hartman, 1876-80; J. R. Dimm, 1880 to the present. 
 
 To the last' named gentleman we are indebted for much 
 of the data since the year 1811. 
 
 ST. PETER'S. 
 
 This church, located in Pikeland township, was founded 
 by members of St. Peter's, whose history has just been 
 narrated. The old church, about the year 1840, intro- 
 duced " new measures," which called forth opposition on 
 the part of a number of the old members, about twelve or 
 thirteen of whom withdrew and built a house of worship 
 for themselves. 
 
 May 18, 1843, the corner-stone was laid with the usual 
 solemnity by the pastor. Rev. C. F. Welden, aided by the 
 Rev. J. Miller, D.D., of Reading, Rev. H. S. Miller, of 
 the Trappe, and Rev. Jesse Knipe, of the Reformed 
 Church. The services on the occasion were in the Ger- 
 man and English languages. The following declaration, 
 signed by the pastor and vestry of the church, was read 
 and deposited in the corner-stone : 
 
 " May the grace of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the love of God 
 our Heavenly Father, and the fellowship of the Holy Ghost be with us 
 and with all forever. Amen. In the name of the Holy Trinity we 
 herewith lay the corner-stone of this Evangelical Lutheran Church, 
 styled St. Peter's Church, in the township of Pikeland, county of 
 Chester, State of Pennsylvania, to be used by us and our posterity 
 for tne public worship of Almighty God, the Father, Son, and Holy 
 Ghost, for the preaching and hearing of the gospel, and for the ad- 
 ministration of the Holy Sacraments in the New Testament of our 
 Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ'. And whereas wo were formerly 
 
 members of the congregation now holding possession of the United 
 Lutheran and German Reformed Church in this place, we deem it 
 necessary herewith, and we do from our hearts most solemnly declare 
 that in erecting this new house of worship on this ground we are 
 actuated by no unholy motives of enmity, of malice, or of opposition 
 to the neighboring church, but having been deprived of our rights 
 and privileges of membership by the pastor and vestry thereof be- 
 cause we adhered conscientiously to the doctrines of the Evangelical 
 Lutheran Church, as wo had been taught them by our fathers and 
 former pastors, and neither could nor would sanction the changes and 
 practice the strange forms and measures introduced of late years. 
 We therefore consider ourselves to be truly the German Lutheran 
 congregation of St. Peter's Church, according to the spirit and intent 
 of our forefathers, and as such entitled to the privileges of a congre- 
 gation and a house of worship ; and as all offers for an amicable ad- 
 justment of differences made by us have been refused by the pastor 
 and vestry now holding possession of the church, and being desirous 
 of avoiding litigation and strife, we have resolved under the provi- 
 dence of God to build for us and our descendants a church in which 
 we may worship God according to the form of doctrine handed down 
 by our fathers, to the intent that as we realized the saving and con- 
 soling influences of the forms and doctrines, so are we desirous to 
 maintain and perpetuate them, that our descendants after us and to 
 all time to come may find hope and consolation, peace and joy, even 
 as we have found in the Gospel of the grace of God. Also, in making 
 choice of this location we are influenced by considerations and feel- 
 ing which we avow without fear or shame. In yon adjoining grave- 
 yard are deposited the ashes of our fathers, and many friends and dear 
 kindred, whose memory is yet fondly cherished in our hearts, and, 
 having once finished our earthly pilgrimage, we wish to mingle our 
 ashes in earth as near as may be with theirs, that it may add to our 
 joyful surprise In the glorious day of the resurrection to realize and 
 rejoice with them that ' Death is swallowed up in vic'ory.' 
 
 "Having thus truly stated our principles and motives, we solemnly 
 enjoin and make it incumbent on you, our successors, forever here- 
 after to maintain the doctrines and usages of the Evangelical Lu- 
 theran Church as set forth in the Augsburg Confession of Faith, to 
 preserve pure doctrine and undefiled religion against all influences 
 and changes of the times and manners of the world; and so long as 
 the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Pennsylvania shall continue in 
 its adherence to the Augsburg Confession, and remain an independent 
 body, as now constituted, that you with your pastors be, and ever re- 
 main, in connection therewith. Given under our hands this eighteenth 
 day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred 
 and forty-three." 
 
 Oct. 4, 1843, the church edifice being completed was 
 consecrated to the worship of Almighty God. The form 
 of consecration in the liturgy of the Synod of Pennsylvania 
 was read by the pastor. Rev. C. F. Welden ; Rev. Conrad 
 Miller, of Montgomery Co., Pa., preached in the German, 
 and in the afternoon Rev. S. A. Mealy, of Philadelphia, in 
 the English, language. On the following day, October 
 5th, Rev. C. R. Demme, D.D., ofiSciated in the German, 
 and Rev. H. S. Miller in the English, language. 
 
 The following have been the pastors since the division : 
 
 Revs. C. F. Welden, 1842-50; J. C. Miller, 1850-54; William Wea- 
 ver, 1855-64; H. S. Miller, 1864-74; B. C. Snyder, June 1, 1875, to 
 the present.* 
 
 CENTENNIAL LUTHERAN CHURCH, AT KIMBERTON. 
 This church was organized by members of St. Peter's 
 in 1876, under the pastoral care of Rev. J. F. Hartman. 
 Its first ofiBcers were J. R. Holman, Isaac K. Root, Jacob 
 Beaver, P. R. Raby, Thomas Wadsworth, Benjamin 
 March, David P. Thomas, George H. Detterline, Christian 
 Bush. The pastors thus far have been Rev. J. F. Hart- 
 man, from 1876 to 1880, and Rev. J. R. Dimm, from 
 
 ''' To whom we are indebted for the information in this sketch. 
 
296 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 1880 to the present time. The numher of communicants 
 at this time (1881) is about 50. 
 
 ST. PAUL'S. 
 
 St. Paul's, at Lionville, in Uwchlan township, was organ- 
 ized about the year 1839. Twenty-eight years ago, when 
 Rev. Peter Raby was pastor, the present church was built 
 and dedicated. In January last (1881) the same church 
 was again dedicated, after being remodeled and refitted in 
 a handsome manner at a cost of $1500. The dedicatory 
 sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Conard, of Philadelphia, 
 editor of the Lutheran Observer, from Eph. ii. 4-6. 
 
 ST. MATTHEW'S. 
 
 This church, which was established in 1833, is located 
 in West Vincent township. In 1878 the corner-stone of 
 the present edifice was laid ; it was completed in 1879, and 
 dedicated with appropriate ceremonies on May 1st. It is 
 situated about one-eighth of a mile north of the old build- 
 ing. It is of Gothic architecture, will seat 600 people, and 
 cost about $13,000. The Sunday-school was organized 
 April 27th, with Holland Brownback as its superintend- 
 ent. Pastor, Rev. Mr. Cook. The church is free from debt. 
 
 Another church of this denomination is known as the 
 " Central Lutheran Church," at Phoenixville, organized in 
 1876, of which Rev. S. S. Palmer was, and Rev. WiUiam 
 M. Baum, Jr., is now, the pastor. 
 
 The new Lutheran church at Spring City was dedicated 
 June 27, 1880. 
 
 GERMAN REFORMED CHURCHES. 
 
 BROWNBACK'S. 
 
 This church, located in East Coventry, and known lat- 
 terly as the " First Reformed Church of Coventry," has 
 a venerable history. The earliest record bears date of 
 1743, and is herewith given. It was translated for us 
 by Samuel W. Pennypacker, Esq., from the German 
 Buedingische Sammlung, a Moravian publication of 1744, 
 printed at Budingen. The Rev. Lisehy, referred to in 
 the following "call," was a very noted preacher in the early 
 time, and published considerable controversial literature ; 
 he is mentioned in Harbaugh's " Fathers of the Reformed 
 Church." The document, io English, is as follows : 
 
 " Call of the elders of the Reformed Church to Brother .lacob 
 Lisehy to be their preacher : 
 
 " Since at our desire and request the Rev. Mr. Jacob Lisehy 
 preached a sermon as a Reformed preacher in our neighborhood and 
 we found that the doctrine of his sermon coincided entirely with his 
 declaration sent to us and we feel in our hearts and believe that his 
 views are sincere, and find that it is very important and necessary for 
 us to have such a preacher to look after our welfare and that of our 
 children, we hereby request and call him the said Mr. Jacob Lisehy 
 to be the regular minister and preacher in our Community to admin- 
 ister to us and our families the teaching of Jesus Christ and the Holy 
 Sacrament. We have therefore very willingly and from our hearts 
 hereto signed our names ; 
 
 "Philipp Breitenstein. Conrad Walther. 
 
 Johannes Sehoder. Heinrioh Moeller. 
 
 Johannes frey. Melchior Koch. 
 
 Nicolaus Coerper. Samuel Esch. 
 
 Christian Strohm. Adam Schoett. 
 
 Velten Scheidecker. Heinrich Baehr. 
 
 Conrad Reffior. Gerhardt Brambach. 
 
 Johannes Paul. Heinrich Boehnor. 
 
 Johannes Carl. 
 Johannes Hubel. 
 Conrad Seibert. 
 Friedrich Funck. 
 Jacob Freymann. 
 Johannes Clauer. 
 Albertus Bhrenwein. 
 Wilhelm Adam. 
 Rudolph B^eher. 
 
 Heinrioh Freys. 
 Friedrich Moeller. 
 Adam Stein. 
 Lorentz Puffenbach. 
 Michael Isony. 
 Simeon Schueck. 
 Jacob Carl. 
 Johannes Neydick. 
 Casper Buechner. 
 " Coventry Township, April 10, 1743."« 
 
 The church was organized by the signing of the dis- 
 cipline, in Philadelphia, May 19, 1743, which remained in 
 force until June 11, 1837. It provided for "four elders, 
 nominated by the minister and elected by a majority of 
 votes, who are of respectable standing and among the 
 whole congregation of good report," defined their duties, 
 etc. It was signed by the following persons, who may 
 therefore be considered as the first male members of the 
 church : 
 
 "Philip Breitenstein, Eld. ; Henry Styer, Elder; John Shonholtz, 
 Eld. ; Nicholas Karper, Eld. ; John Shoder, John Fry, Christian 
 Strohm, Valentine Scheidecker, Conrad Ression, Michael Thang, 
 Simeon Shnnk, Jacob Carl, John Neiler (Neydiok ?), Casper Beener 
 (Buechner?), Conrad Walter, Henry Miller, Wilhelm Adams, Ger- 
 heardt Brownback (Bramback?), Henry Boener, John Carl, John 
 Hubel, Conrad Seibert, Adam Stein, Henry Boehr, Frederick Funck, 
 Jacob Freymann, John Paul, Henry Freys, Malechia Eosh (Melchior 
 Koch ?), Sam'l Ash (Esoh ?), John Clauer, Albert Ehrewein, Frederick 
 Miller, Lorentz Puifenback." 
 
 The first log church here was built about 1750 or 1755. 
 Frederick Sheeder writes, 1846, that he was in it in the 
 winter of 1793 and 1794. It was of hewn logs, one 
 and a half story, with gallery, broken roof, two four-light 
 windows at each gable end, and two of the same size in 
 the roof at each side, to light the gallery and pulpit. 
 The lower story had twelve-light windows. The grave- 
 yard, then small, was fenced close at the church with 
 pales, and the rest with post and rail. The Rev. Minicus 
 was the first preacher ; after him the Rev. J. Philip Ley- 
 dick, and in 1784 the Rev. Frederick Dalliker. In 1800 
 this present edifice was erected outside the graveyard, to 
 enlarge the same, and J. Longecker gave the congregation 
 more ground, and they surrounded all in one graveyard, 
 and the churchyard was impaled. After this new church 
 was built, and at the consecration, the Rev. Frederick 
 Harmon came to officiate till 1821. Rev. John C. Guldin, 
 son-in-law of the former, was the next. After him several 
 have preached, but of short duration, the last being Rev. 
 Folk. There is a school-house here, and school kept. 
 Some of the names and dates upon the gravestones are as 
 follows : 
 
 John Young, b. 1744, d. 1780, aged 37 years; George Young, son 
 of John, b. 1773, d. 1821; Nicholas Keller, b. 1759, d. 1822; Philip 
 Miller, b. 1760, d. 1809 ; Frederick Prizer, b. 1768, d. 1823 ; William 
 Shuler, b. 1773, d. 1835; Henry Hoock, b. 1760, d. 1835; Henry 
 Brumback, son of Garret, b. 1733, d. 1804 (he was born in this 
 country); Jacob Mason, b. 1712, d. 1776; Frederick Bingaman, son 
 
 " Appended to the above, in the work referred to, is the following 
 sentence, explanatory of the location of the applicants,— i.e., Coventry 
 township : 
 
 "It lies on the Schuylkill, thirty-six miles from Philadelphia, 
 where as yet no Brother has been." 
 
 The word brother evidently means "minister," or one of their 
 brethren, and the above indicates that hitherto none such had been 
 located at that point. 
 
GERMAN REFORMED CHURCHES. 
 
 297 
 
 of Frederick and grandson of Garret Brownbnck, b. 1756, d. 1832; 
 Peter Cline, b. 1755, d. 1824 ; Theodore Miller, b. 1758, d. 1838; Peter 
 Ferlig, b. 1765, d. 1842 ; Sebastian Root (a member of Zion Church), 
 b. 1761, d. 1843 (be was born near Pottsgrove) ; John Fertig, b. 1736 
 d. 1833 (came to America, 1754); Jacob Fertig, b. 1778, d. 1823; 
 John Hiestcr, a son of Gen. Hiester, b. 1774, d. 1822; Henry Titlow, 
 b. 1719, d. 1793; John TiHow, b. 1757, d. 1827, a son of Henryi 
 Henry Brumback, b. 1791, d, 1829 (?), aged 36 years; Sebastian 
 Kelley, b. 1734, d. 1777; Peter Brumback, grandson of Garret, and 
 an officer in the Western expedition, b. 1764, d. 1834 ; William Posey, 
 
 son-in-law of Garret Brumback, d , aged 62 years; Peter Paul, 
 
 b. 1742, d. 1802 ; Christian Benner, d. 1767. 
 
 The oldest and first interred here have no gravestones. 
 Sebastian Root, above mentioned, was the son of Sebastian 
 Root, who came to this country and picked berries on the 
 ground where the first market-house in Philadelphia was 
 afterwards erected. He afterwards settled in the neighbor- 
 hood of Pottsgrove. 
 
 From the present pastor, Rev. George Sorber, some ad- 
 ditional facts are obtained. After the close of the pastorate 
 of John C. Guldin, the church was served by Revs. Mr. 
 Honger, Andrew Young, J. S. Foulk, L. D. Leberman, 
 and David Heifelfinger. In 1855, Rev. William Sorber, 
 then laboring in North Carolina, accepted a call, and en- 
 tered upon his duties June 24th. At the time of his 
 death, Dec. 7, 1878, the congregation had increased to up- 
 wards of 200 in regular communion. He was succeeded 
 by his only son, the present pastor. The house erected in 
 1800 was rebuilt in 1850, and again in 1879. It is now 
 of Gothic style, very modestly finished without and within, 
 having a seating capacity for about 400. There is also 
 adjoining a handsome parsonage, making altogether one of 
 the finest church properties in the northern part of the 
 county. 
 
 The old record of baptisms is preserved, but, being writ- 
 ten in German, is a sealed book to most of the present con- 
 gregation. 
 
 EAST VINCENT. 
 
 The early records of this church, which style it the 
 "Reformed Congregation of Vincent. Township," show 
 that the old log (the first) church was built and conse- 
 crated in May, 1758, by the Rev. Philip Leidick and ves- 
 try, Sebastian Wagner, Sr., Simon Shunk, John Shoenholz, 
 Thomas Schnider, and Lorentz Hippie. There is also a 
 baptismal record, kept by this church from 1758 to 1833. 
 Between those dates 735 persons were baptized, and from 
 1799 to 1833 the confirmations of 290 persons are given. 
 In 1784, Rev. Frederic Dalliker became the pastor ; Fred- 
 erick Harman oflSciated from 1799 until 1831 ; John C. 
 Guldin, 1821-40 ; pastors between 1840 and 1848, Revs. 
 Young, Honger, John R. Hooken, and Hoffman, all short 
 pastorates; Albert Shenkel, twenty-one years, 1848-69 ; S. 
 Maxwell Roland, 1869 to Feb. 14, 1881 ; Rev. Mr. Epert, 
 the present pastor, since the first Sunday in May, 1881. 
 
 In 1812 (November 1st) the congregation met in their 
 school-house, and elected as a building committee John 
 Laubach, Casper Schneider, and Henry Hippie, for the 
 proposed new church edifice. Three years after the laying 
 of the corner-stone a burglary and sacrilege was commit- 
 ted : the corner where the box was deposited was cut out 
 and robbed of its contents. The stones of this edifice were 
 red, yellow, and white freestone. 
 38 
 
 Henry Hofi'man was leader of the choir of this church 
 for forty years. He was possessed of a good memory, and 
 related (before his death) many facts connected with the 
 history of this church. He recollected a Rev. N. Bumb 
 as pastor after Leidich (Leidy) and before Dalliker. 
 
 In the old graveyard attached to this church are buried 
 nearly all of the early members of the church, several gen- 
 erations of the settlers of that vicinity. Of the many hun- 
 dred of interments therein, that of Benjamin Boyer (born 
 1727, died 1780) is said to be the first. Other early 
 burials are indicated by the dates on the headstones, viz. : 
 
 Peter Defrahn, born 1733, died 1782, aged 49; Thomas Snider, 
 born 1716, died 1782, aged 66 ; George Yeager, born 1718, died 1790, 
 aged 72; John Olwine, born 1734, died 1791, aged 57; Peter Yeager, 
 born 1765, died 1811, aged 46; Peter Shunk (uncle of Governor), 
 born 1756, died 1814, aged 58 ; Henry Hippie, born 1759, died 1843, 
 aged 84; John Hoffman, born 1745, died 1815, aged 70; Michael 
 Saiffer, born 1724, died 1802, aged 78; John Labach, born 1728, died 
 1808, aged 80. 
 
 About the year 1828 there was a division in this con- 
 gregation on doctrinal points of church discipline, which 
 breach widened in the ensuing years, until about 1847-48 
 one party withdrew and organized a new congregation, and 
 built the St. Vincent church. This quarrel is now almost 
 forgotten, and the day is not far distant, perhaps, when 
 both congregations will worship in the same house again. 
 
 The following list of early members of this congregatipn 
 was copied from the archives of this church in 1846 : 
 
 John Shaenholz, Michael Deny, Simon Schunk, Sebastian Wagner, 
 Thomas Schnider, John Schnider, Peter Steger, Jacob Callman, John 
 Hippel, Sebastian Wagner, Jacob Hellwig, Michael Sifert, Lorence 
 Kyle, John Labach, Simon Schunk, George Yeager, Paul Benner, 
 Adam Gondel, John Imhoflf, Jacob Miller, John Hoffman, Philip 
 Stine, George Harts, John Kline, Christian Stahl, Jacob Conrad, 
 Henry Carl, John Keeley, Henry Brenholz, Valentine Schmit, Jacob 
 Guender, George Christmun, Casper Beerbauer, Nicholas Grund, John 
 John, John March, Anthony Acker, Henry Bluit, Frederic Barnholz, 
 Leonard Baenbil, John Heek, John Kline, Philip Steffan, Conrad 
 Sheerer, John Shenfelter, William Shott, Philip Wiant, John Gross, 
 Jacob Hellwing, Jacob Stiekel, William Claus, William Thomas, John 
 Martz, Jacob Ellis, Peter Defrehn, Frederic Henken, Jacob Hell, 
 Jacob Hauenstine, John Geitling, Philip Sellers, James Marry, Henry 
 Schmid, Christian Ehmig, Jacob Nailer, Philip Seeler, John Brahl- 
 man, Sebasiian Maurer, John Deetz. 
 
 ST. VINCENT. 
 
 St Vincent Reformed Church, in East Vincent town- 
 ship, was organized about 1848, as before stated in the 
 sketch of the "Reformed Congregation of Vincent." The 
 church edifice was built in the year 1852, and dedicated in 
 November of the same year. The situation is one of great 
 natural beauty, the view being quite extended. The build- 
 ing is 42 by 60 feet, two stories high, and cost $1999.86. 
 
 The following pastors have been in charge of the con- 
 gregation : 
 
 Rev. B. W. Reinoke, in 1853-54 ; Rev. George D. Wolfe, 1854-56 ; 
 Rev. Henry Weisler, 1857-58; Rev. Jesse B. Knipe was chosen pas- 
 tor in April, 1859, and continues to preach every Sunday, though now 
 in his seventy-seventh year. 
 
 The first consistory were as follows : 
 
 Elders, John Laney, Henry Munshower, Daniel Hippie, John 
 Yeager, Jesse Yeager, William Yeager ; deacons, Amos Keiter, Sam- 
 uel Ash, Christian Wagoner ; trustees, John Ash, Peter Yeager, and 
 Henry Munshower. At the organization there were about 85 members. 
 
 The present consistory is composed of: 
 
298 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Elders, Jesse Ash, James Rambo, Jacob Rixstine, John Kolb, John 
 Horner, and Oliver Laney ; dcaonns, A. Yeager, Jacob Wentsel, and 
 Charles Reif ; trustees, John Yeager, Sr., Ab'm Laney, George Yeager, 
 and John Yeager, Jr. 
 
 In connection with the church is a cemetery, containing 
 about 7 acres, laid out in lots, and which the congregation 
 take much pride in beautifying. The congregation now 
 numbers about 215 members. 
 
 ST. PETER'S. 
 
 This church is located in West Pikeland township. In 
 the year 1811 the German Reformed congregation, which 
 had been formed some time prior, and had been worshiping 
 up to this time in private dwellings, bought of the German 
 Lutheran congregation worshiping at Pikeland a half in- 
 terest in their church property.* From that time on to 
 the present they have enjoyed the use of this property in 
 common with that body. 
 
 From the time of organization until 1830 the congrega- 
 tion was served by the following pastors : Rev. Frederick 
 A. Herman, Jr., D.D., Rev. Jacob W. Deohant, and Rev. 
 Casper Wach. The dates of their pastorates are not known, 
 and there may have been other ministers prior J,o 1830, 
 but these three are the only ones of whom we have any 
 knowledge. 
 
 Sept. 30, 1830, Rev. Jesse B. Knipe was ordained pas- 
 tor of the Pikeland charge. He continued to serve St. 
 Peter's until Jan. 1, 1881, a period of more than fifty 
 years, when he tendered his resignation. This was ac- 
 cepted ; but Father Knipe still preaches for the congrega- 
 tion, as they have not yet called another pastor. An ex- 
 tended history of this congregation is not here given, as its 
 general history is nearly identical with that of the St. 
 Peter's Lutheran congregation, worshiping in the same 
 
 church. 
 
 ST. MATTHEW'S. 
 
 The St. Matthew's Reformed congregation of West Vin- 
 cent was organized in the autumn of 1833. They, in con- 
 nection with the Lutheran congregation of same township, 
 built during the summer of 1833 a very respectable church 
 edifice, which was dedicated on Dec. 23d of that year. 
 The two congregations continued to worship in the same 
 building on alternate Sabbaths until the spring of 1879, 
 when the Reformed congregation purchased the interests of 
 the Lutherans in the buildings and cemetery. 
 
 * The "articles of agreement" were made and signed Aug. 6, 1811, 
 " between the reverend Frederic W. Jasinski, present minister of the 
 German Lutheran church called St. Peter's, in the township of Pike- 
 land, . . . John Emery, Benj. Sheneman, Michael Slonaker, Michael 
 Painter, Frederick Strough, George Hartman, and Adam Moses, eld- 
 ers J George Deiry, Jr., Jacob Painter, and John King, deacons ; being 
 the present members of the Corporation of said church, ... of the 
 one part, and Conrad Kealy, trustee; George Snyder, Henry Laubach, 
 and John Boyer, elders; John Snyder and Henry Slawyer, deacons, 
 being the present officers of the Reformed German or Presbyterian 
 Congregation worshiping in said church by permission of the congre- 
 gation, of the other part." In consideration of the payment of £5 
 "unto the parties of the first part," they bargained and sold unto the 
 parties of the second part " one undivided moiety or half-part" of the 
 lot on which "St. Peter's is erected," and of the "school-house and 
 burying-grouiid that is erected, thereon," and to have use of the church 
 every other Sunday " for publick worship ;'' and the parties of the 
 second part to be at one-half the expense of the church " which the 
 parties of the first part are now erecting ... on said lot," and " be 
 at one-half of all future expense." 
 
 The Reformed congregation organized and adopted a 
 constitution, March 18, 1834. The vestry at that time 
 was as follows: Elders, Henry Keeley, Jacob Hoffman, 
 George Sloyer, and William Parker ; deacons, Jacob Kulp, 
 John Shimer, George Keeley, John Hippie ; trustees, Wil- 
 liam Parker, Joseph Kulp. Thirty-two persons were pres- 
 ent at the first communion service held in the church, May 
 25, 1834, Rev. John C. Guldin pastor. The congrega- 
 tion has never been large, and now numbers 87 members. 
 Present officers: Elders, William Brownback, Samuel 
 Kimes, John Hippie, William Ludwick ; deacons, Samuel 
 B. Stauffer, Jesse Sturgis, Isaac N. Smith, Cyrus Swine- 
 hart ; trustees, John B. Caldwell, Abraham Fetters. Dur- 
 ing the summer of 1880 the congregation erected a hand- 
 some church building, 65 by 42 feet, two stories high, have 
 graded the grounds, and enlarged the cemetery. The 
 building is in the Gothic style, and cost $7000. Rev. Levi 
 D. Stambaugh is now pastor. 
 
 ST. PAUL'S. 
 St. Paul's Reformed Church, in Uwchlan township, was 
 built in 1838, and a congregation organized the same year. 
 The Lutheran congregation assisted in erecting the build- 
 ing, and the two congregations worshiped in it on alternate 
 Sundays until 1851, when the Reformed congregation pur- 
 chased the interests of the Lutherans in the same. Rev. 
 Jesse B. Knipe was the pastor from time of organization 
 until Jan. 1, 1881, when he resigned Rev. A. K. 
 Thompson is now pastor. Present officers : Elders, Bohlen 
 Peterman, Isaiah F. Snyder, John Fetters, and George W. 
 Stine; deacons, James Marshall, John Davis, George 
 Thompson, Daniel B. Lacy, and Frederick Rhodewalt; 
 trustees, John Fetters and J. Elwood Stiteler. The mem- 
 bership now numbers 80. 
 
 SECOND REFORMED. 
 
 The " Second Reformed Church of Coventry'' (Brown- 
 back's being now known as the First Reformed Church of 
 Coventry) was built in 1837, under the pastorate of Rev. 
 J. C. Guldin, then pastor of Brownback's, and has since 
 been supplied by the ministers of the last-named church. 
 There were but 25 members at the time of the organiza- 
 tion ; the membership now is 125. The church commonly 
 goes by the name of " Shenkle's," as there was a burying- 
 ground there long before the church was erected which 
 bore that name. 
 
 NORTH PHOSNIXVILLE. 
 
 The German Reformed congregation built and for a 
 number of years worshiped in a church here; but, they 
 have since become scattered, and the building has been 
 converted into a dwelling. 
 
 THE MENNONITE CHURCH. 
 
 This is one of the early churches of Chester County. 
 Between the years 1725f and 1785 three Mennonite 
 churches had been built on the Schuylkill, as appears from 
 the name-lists of the Mennonite preachers, published at 
 
 t Morgan Edwards, who is very specific, and who wrote in 1770, 
 says that in 1724 there were five Mennonite Churches in the province : 
 Germantown, Skippack, Conestoga, Great Swamp, and Manatawny. 
 Germantown church was built in 1708, and Skippack, 1720-25. 
 
THE MENNONITE CHURCH.— DISCIPLES' CHURCH. 
 
 299 
 
 Amsterdam in the last-named year. These must have 
 been in Chester County, as the Montgomery County. 
 churches are included in other districts. Probably the 
 most ancient of these is the one on the Schuylkill road, in 
 East Coventry township, about three miles from Pottstown. 
 The date 1728 on the wall shows that the structure is 
 152 years old. The building is one story high and is very 
 small. It is accessible from the road by a drive, on each 
 side of which is situated the graveyard. The part on the 
 south side of the drive has been laid out but a few years 
 ago, but the part on the north side contains graves nearly 
 150 years old.* 
 
 The first Mennonite church in the vicinity of Phoenix- 
 ville, was located on the ridge, near the residence of the 
 Heckel family. The date of its erection is unknown. S. 
 W. Pennypacker, Esq., of Philadelphia, says there was 
 another "in the valley, where Israel Beitler used to 
 preach." 
 
 1794 they erected a meeting-house at the southwest corner 
 of Main and Church Streets, in Phcenixville, which is the 
 oldest place of worship now standing in the township."]" The 
 first preacher was Matthias Pennypacker, who for five 
 years previous had charge of the congregation at Buck- 
 waiter's school-house. Upon his death he was succeeded 
 respectively by John Buckwalter, Daniel Showalter, George 
 Hellerman, Jacob Halderman, Jesse Beitler, Joseph Hal- 
 derman, John Showalter, and Israel Beitler, all preachers 
 of the old style, who would, it may be, excite mirth amid 
 a modern congregation, because the quaintness of their dic- 
 tion, the peculiarities of their dress, and sanctity of their 
 lives were alike in contrast with the customs and require- 
 ments of the faster generations of to-day. This sect, 
 driven from the homes of their ancestry by a religious 
 persecution that could not tolerate their virtues, and once 
 so numerous among the German inhabitants of this State, is 
 gradually becoming extinct. Its membership at Phcenixville 
 
 MENNONITE MEETING-HOUSE. 
 
 In 1772 was erected the Mennonite meeting-house in 
 Phcenixville. It was located on Main Street, near Nutt's 
 road, and since has been known successively as Buckwal- 
 ter's and Morgan's school-houses. It was designed by its 
 founders both as a church and school building, and was long 
 used for such ptirposes. Among the original settlers of 
 Phcenixville, the Buckwalters were all of this faith. In 
 
 * " In taking a stroll among those old tombstones we noticed some in- 
 scriptions of long ago. On a plain sandstone, on which the lettering 
 is nearly obliterated by the workings of time, we notice the following : 
 'S. A. B., died 1752." On the other stones in the same lot were the 
 insoriptions, 'L. B. B., d. 1753;' 'S. A. B., d. 1756;' 'D. B., d. 
 1760.' In another part of the yard was a stone with the following : 
 'J. S., d. 1735.' The latter is the oldest stone that could be found, 
 but there are many sunken grares without any marks at all, and there 
 is no doubt but that the graveyard was laid out the time the church 
 was built, and is therefore a great curiosity in this vicinity. The yard 
 lies unattended to, and is covered with running briers, very few persons 
 heing interred there at the present time." — Pottaioion Ledger, August, 
 1880. 
 
 has dwindled down to a few persons, and the probabilities 
 are that ere long the whole of its history will be written on 
 the tombstones that fill its yard. Recently an attempt 
 has been made to revive the society, under the direction of 
 the Revs. Henry A. Hunsicker and J. T. Preston, which 
 it is to be hoped will be successful. J 
 
 The Mennonite preachers in this section in 1785 (as 
 given in the Amsterdam " name-lists," before referred to) 
 were Martin Bechtel, David and Johannes Longenecker, and 
 Joseph Showalter. 
 
 DISCIPLES' CHURCH. 
 The Campbellite society (they call themselves '' Disciples 
 of Christ") originated in this county in the year 1839, at 
 which date one of their ministers, named George Austin, 
 
 f Since the publication of the "Annals of Phcenixville and Vicin- 
 ity" this building has been torn down. 
 
 J Samuel W. Pennypaoker's "Annals of Phcenixville and Vicinity," 
 1872. 
 
300 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 came from Baltimore, Md., and began preaching in a barn. 
 Services were held, converts made, and the new sect so in- 
 creased in numbers that in the year 1841 they resolved to 
 erect a meeting-house. In that year they built a small stone 
 edifice at Chestnut Grove, in Penn township, about a mile 
 and a half from the village of New London. That house 
 was taken down in 1880, and was commenced the erection 
 of a larger (a frame) structure, which is inclosed, but re- 
 mains unfinished. 
 
 They have had but two pastors, Mr. Edward Orvis and 
 Mr. Somers, who each remained but a few years, tlie first 
 about 1852, and the last left in the spring of 1880. The 
 rest of the time the worship was conducted by some of 
 their own members, with occasionally a preacher coming 
 from Baltimore and preaching daily for a week or two. At 
 such times some converts would generally be made, which 
 kept up their membership, which is said to number 60 at the 
 present time. The present officers are Thomas Slack, J. 
 W. Hammond, John Miller, and Isaac Vandegrif. 
 
 "CHRISTIAN" CHURCH. 
 
 About 1845 to 1850, Elder Frederick Plummer, a minis- 
 ter of the denomination calling themselves " Christians," 
 came into this county, and preached in a grove near Kim- 
 bleville. He continued to hold services and made converts 
 to his faith, who erected a brick church edifice about two 
 miles southwest of Kimbleville, in Franklin township, 
 which they called Mount Olivet, and where a church of that 
 persuasion was organized. Elder Charles H. Plummer, a 
 nephew of Frederick Plummer, was pastor for a few years, 
 and was succeeded by Elder William H. Pittman. A Mr. 
 Parvin also preached there for a time. About 1878 and 
 1879, Rev. David Somers, of the Church of the Disci- 
 ples, in Penn township, preached there and superintended 
 a Sunday-schooL The church is now unoccupied for re- 
 ligious purposes. The membership is not numerous. 
 
 The United Brethren erected a church in Phoenixville, 
 on Gay Street, in 1871, having previously held their ser- 
 vices in the Mennonite meeting-house. 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
 
 The first mission of this church within the limits of 
 Chester County must have been established between the 
 years 1730 (when a mission was set up at the residence of 
 Thomas Wilcox, at Ivy Mills) and 1757, at which latter 
 date it appears* there were in Chester County, under care 
 of Robert Harding, 18 men and 22 women ; under care of 
 Theodore Schneider (of Germans ?), 13 men and 9 women ; 
 of Irish, 9 men and 6 women ; under care of Ferdinand 
 Farmer, of Irish, 23 men and 17 women ; of Germans, 3 
 men. Robert Harding was a priest residing in Philadel- 
 phia, but the location of the others is not stated. 
 
 Their growth at first was very slow, owing to a spirit of 
 antagonism to this church, not only manifested during the 
 proprietary days,f but even beyond the close of the eight- 
 
 * From a return of the number of " Roman Catholics in Pennsyl- 
 vania, 1767 (that ie, of all such as receive the Sacraments, beginning 
 from twelve years of age, or thereabouts)." — ArchiveB, iii. 144. 
 
 f It is seen in the form of qualification for members of Assembly in 
 early times, and in the proprietary instructions to the colonial gover- 
 
 eenth century. Hence the congregations were small and 
 scattered, and so continued for many years ; but foreign 
 emigration has increased their, numbers until the Roman 
 Catholic Church has becpme one of the strong religious 
 bodies of the county. 
 
 About the year 1793, at the west end of Gay Street, in 
 West Chester, a little Catholic chapel stood, — ^a small affair 
 indeed, but it was attended with as much reverence by 
 the small number of Catholics as a larger one and more 
 grand in construction would merit. This was at that time 
 called " Christ's Church," and in it the holy sacrifice of 
 the Mass was offered up occasionally, when the people 
 would gather from the surrounding country, and when a 
 priest would come out from Philadelphia (there being no 
 resident pastor until about the year 1840). 
 
 But poor inducement was offered the early Catholic set- 
 tlers of this county to assist and attend to their religious 
 duties. 
 
 At this time missionaries went about the country offer- 
 ing up Mass and practicing other services of the church at 
 every gathered group of the faithful, — in farm-houses and 
 other available places. The following is a correct copy of a 
 missionary's memorandum : 
 
 " 1840. 
 
 " Masses annually given at Mr. Arthur O'Neil's, 1 1th of March, 13th 
 of May, 12th of August, 28th of October. 
 
 " Masses at Mr. Philip Dougherty's and Mr. Maguire's, 10th of June. 
 Mass, confessions, and sermons at Mr, Maguire's, 
 
 " 1 4th of May, Mass, confessions, and sermons at Mr. Philip Dough- 
 erty's." 
 
 The name of the missionary was not attached to the 
 paper, but is supposed to have been a Jesuit from St. Jo- 
 seph's, Philadelphia, These services were no doubt well 
 attended, for it has been shown that the spirit of Chris- 
 tiaftity burned as ardently in the breasts of the faithful in 
 those days as at the present. 
 
 In the year 1840 or '41, Bishop Kendrick, who was then 
 Bishop of Philadelphia, detailed the Rev. P. D. Donahoe 
 to the growing parish of West Chester. 
 
 Passing over the zealous labors of Father Donahoe and 
 his large number of successors as Christian guardians of 
 St. Agnes', West Chester, we come to the 20th of June, 
 1851, when the Rev. John Francis Prendergast, better 
 known by the parishioners as " Father John," entered upon 
 his field of religious duty as spiritual director of the con- 
 gregation. He came to West Chester the day after he was 
 ordained a priest by Bishop Kendrick, and for a period of 
 twenty years he la,bored zealously in the congregation. 
 
 Attached to West Chester at this time were the parishes 
 
 nors in 1738, and reiterated in 1763 and 1766, one of the twenty-six 
 articles being as follows : 
 
 "6th. Whereas the said province and counties were happily at 
 first settled and afterwards subsisted without any oonsidorable mix- 
 ture of Papists, it is with concern we now hear that of late times 
 several Papists have resorted thither. Now as their Political Princi- 
 ples (which they ever inculcate as Religious Principles) tend to the 
 breach of publiuk Faith, are destructive to morality and totally sub- 
 vert every civil and Religious Right of a free People, We recommend 
 it to you to prevent as much as in you lies the coming in or settling 
 of Papists within your Government and that you do not extend any 
 Privileges to them nor admit any of them into any office, post or Em- 
 ployment whatsoever within your Government." 
 
I \ ' 'l 111, 1, 
 
 ll I 
 
 y^ 
 
 I I' 
 
 I 111, III, 
 'i" 
 
 I 
 
 I ,iil 
 
 
 
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.— THE BATTLE-AXES. 
 
 301 
 
 of Parkesburg, Downingtown, Doe Run, one in Lancaster 
 County, and Ivy Mills, Delaware County. Mass was cele- 
 brated in St. Agnes' church only once or twice a month, as 
 the other Sundays were occupied at the other places. After 
 a stay here of a few months, Father John commenced the 
 erection of a new church at Downingtown, and St. Joseph's 
 was dedicated in about a year's time after he entered the 
 priesthood. 
 
 In the month of August, 1852, the corner-stone of St. 
 Agnes' church was laid. In June, 1853, it was dedicated 
 to its patroness, the Rev. Dr. Moriarity, O.S.A , offici- 
 ating. The first hi^h mass was sung in May, 1 853, and 
 in 1857 the St. Mary Sodality was organized. The Revs. 
 John P. Prendergast and John Wall both were buried in 
 St. Agnes' cemetery, the latter having died after a short 
 pastorate in the parish. Father Sheridan, who died recently 
 in Philadelphia, was pastor of this church in 184-3. 
 
 The church of the Sacred Heart, at Oxford, was erected 
 in 1880, and dedicated on September 5th by the Most 
 Rev. Archbishop Wood. The church is of brick, 70 by 
 36 feet in size, with a slate roof, and will accommodate 400 
 persons. Rev. J. F. Kelly is the pastor, who also attends 
 the mission at Kennet Square, where is a small frame 
 church, known as St. Patrick's, dedicated in 1872. 
 
 St. Mary's church, at Phoenixville, was built in 1841, 
 prior to which services were held for a time in the Tunnel 
 Hill school-house, under the care of Rev. P. D. Donohue. 
 The late Father O'Parrell had charge of this congregation 
 for many years, and his death was greatly lamented. He 
 was succeeded in 1868 by Father Scanlio, who enlarged 
 and beautified the church, making it into the shape of a 
 cross. Father Martin succeeded Father Soanlin as pastor, 
 assisted by Rev. Father Lynch, formerly of West Chester 
 parish. The first church building was small, only 30 by 
 45 feet ; the present structure is one of the finest of the 
 denomination in the county. 
 
 The present parish of St. Cecilia, together with the at- 
 tached missions of Doe Run and Parkesburg, cover all 
 that portion of the county lying between Thorndale and 
 Lancaster County, running south to a line two or three 
 miles below Doe Run village and north to the border of the 
 county. 
 
 Of the present church building in Coatesville the corner- 
 stone was laid on Sunday, Dec. 11, 1870, during the pas- 
 torate of Rev. Charles McFadden. It was blessed and 
 opened for services by Most. Rev. James F. Wood, D.D., 
 archbishop of the diocese of Philadelphia, on Sunday, 
 Nov. 22, 1874. Previous to this services were held in a 
 hall in Midway. 
 
 The old parish, of which Coatesville was only a mission, 
 was the parish of Our Lady of Seven Dolors, Parkesburg. 
 Here it was the priest resided, and attended the missions 
 round from Dry Wells and McCall's Ferry, in Lancaster 
 County, to Coatesvjlle, Doe Run, West Grove, Oxford, and 
 the .country round down to the Maryland border. 
 
 The church in Parkesburg was built in 1854 or 1855, 
 on a plot of ground northwest of Parkesburg, given to 
 the parish by the McFillin family. 
 
 Before that time there had been a small church at Doe 
 Run, built about 1835, since torn down, and replaced by a 
 
 new one in 1865. There was never any resident priest at 
 Doe Run. It was attended from West Chester till the 
 church in Parkesburg was built, after that from Parkes- 
 burg. Subsequent to this, at what date we cannot state, 
 but within the last eight or nine years, West Grove, Ox- 
 ford, and all that lower portion of the county were cut away. 
 
 Rev. Doyle was the first priest resident at Parkes- 
 burg. He came about 1855 or 1856. From that time 
 forward for several years Coatesville was attended once 
 every fuw weeks from Parkesburg ; but, the town grow- 
 ing in importance, and the number of Catholics increasing 
 even beyond the number in the parish proper, provision 
 had to be made for them, and preparations were made to 
 build a church, of which the corner-stone was laid in 1870. 
 About the same time the seat of the parish was changed 
 from Parkesburg to Coatesville, and Coatesville became 
 the parish proper, Parkesburg the mission. Previous to 
 this, in 1867, when the diocese of Harrisburg was erected, 
 all that portion of the parish lying in Lancaster County 
 was cut oiF. The new church of St. Cecilia, at Coatesville, 
 was formally opened and blessed Nov. 22, 1874, under the 
 pastorate of Rev. L. McCabe. 
 
 The name of the church at Parkesburg is " Our Lady 
 of the Seven Dolors," and of that at Doe Run " St. 
 Malachi," formerly "St. Catharine." 
 
 There are in Coatesville and surroundings about 90 
 Catholic families, in Parkesburg and vicinity about 45, 
 and on Doe Run 30. 
 
 Although it is not very long since this wide district was 
 attended by priests from Ivy Mills, in Delaware County, 
 yet now there exist in this county about a dozen churches 
 of this faith, each with a spiritual director, and in a flour- 
 ishing condition. Besides those previously referred to, may 
 be named the brick church at West Grove, called the 
 Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, of which the 
 corner-stone was .laid Sept. 14, 1873, and dedicated June 
 18, 1876. 
 
 THE BATTLE-AXES. 
 
 There existed in Chester County in 1840, and perhaps 
 a few years earlier, a most strange sect, bearing the equally 
 strange title of " Battle-Axes." They had a number of 
 followers in the northern part of the county in 1840, at 
 which time they seem first to have attracted attention. In 
 1844 a number of them were arrested ; some of whom were 
 tried and convicted, the others being subsequently dis- 
 charged. William Stubblebine seems to have died in this 
 faith, and in the case (Snyder vs. Stubblebine) regarding 
 the validity of his will there is a mention of this sect. Its 
 principles were essentially those known as " free love," the 
 leading ideas being that all connection between husband 
 and wife was severed, and to possess all things in common, 
 in the fullest sense of the words. The leader of the society 
 here was Theophilus R. Gates, then a resident of Phila- 
 ■ delphia,* and the chief female votary one Hannah Wil- 
 liamson, a single woman.f It is unnecessary to add that 
 this peculiar sect has now no existence here. 
 
 * In 1837 several numbers of a pamphlet entitled " Battle-Aze apd 
 Weapons of War," and devoted to the new faith, were printed, being 
 edited by T. E. Gates, 290 North Third Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 ■)- West Chester Local Newn, Feb. 12, 1874. 
 
EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 
 
 SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. 
 
 The Society of Friends were the pioneers in educational 
 matters in Chester County. In noticing the primary in- 
 stitution of schools, therefore, the labors of the society in 
 that direction merit the first notice. 
 
 The Yearly Meeting of the society, from time to time, 
 gave much earnest and practical advice iu relation to the 
 settlement of schools, and in 1778 advised that in the 
 compass of each Monthly Meeting ground should be pro- 
 vided sufficient for a garden, orchard, grass for cow, etc., 
 and a suitable house and stable be erected, as an encourage- 
 ment to and making provision for the accommodation of a 
 teacher of staid character and proper qualifications; and 
 it was also recommended that funds should be collected for 
 the establishment and support of schools. In accordance 
 with these advices, very many of the meetings provided 
 such property,* and created ample funds to aid in the sup- 
 port of schools, which several of them still successfully 
 employ in that way. To show the working of this system 
 a single example, that of the school at Marlborough, 
 will suffice. The grounds there consist of two acres, with 
 suitable buildings ; and a resident teacher of excellent 
 qualifications, employed in 1830, continued in charge of 
 the school until 1851, a period of twenty-one years.f 
 
 These Friends' schools were numerous in those portions 
 of the county where that society formed the bulk of the 
 population, and imparted a solid education to all the youth 
 of their respective neighborhoods, keeping pace, in the 
 studies taught, with those usually pursued in ordinary 
 academical institutions. 
 
 Among the most noted of these early schools estab- 
 lished by the Society of Friends was the one at Birming- 
 ham Meeting-house, about 1753, on the site of the battle of 
 Brandywine. This school was for many years under the 
 charge of John Forsythe, one of the best teachers that 
 Chester County has been favored with. Many of those 
 who were introduced by him to the fields of literature and 
 science became conspicuous in after-life, notably among 
 them the late Dr. William Darlington, the celebrated 
 botanist, whose fame is world-wide. 
 
 The western and northwestern portions of the county 
 
 * So early as 1787 Kennet Monthly Meeting prepared a series of 
 nine rules for the use of its Preparative Meetings in raising a fand 
 for the promotion of schools therein. The fifth rule provides, "The 
 trustees shall, as soon as they see occasion, apply the interest arising 
 from this fund to schooling the children of such poor people, whether 
 Friends or others, as live within the verge of the Monthly Meeting, — 
 Provided, that such children comply with the rules of the school." 
 This plan of procedure, somewhat modified, was adopted by the 
 Marlborough Preparative Meeting, 3d of 8th month, 1803. 
 
 f The- school property of the Preparative Meeting, inoluding the 
 fitntf, may now hp wor^h -some three thousand dollars. 
 
 302 
 
 were very largely peopled by the race known as the Scotch- 
 Irish. These were a class of settlers very remarkable for 
 intellectual activity, ever prompt to encoUTage improve- 
 ments, and especially to promote the establishment of edu- 
 cational institutions for the better instruction of youth, and 
 many of them came ready and fitted to engage in the work. 
 The Irish schoolmaster, as he was termed, was generally a 
 man who ruled with a sternness in marked contrast with 
 the milder methods of the present day, but who imparted 
 a thorough knowledge of the branches then . taught. In 
 the section of the county inhabited by these people and 
 their descendants the school-houses were adequate to the 
 requirements of the people, and the schools were well sup- 
 ported. 
 
 It is doubtless to the fact that Chester County was 
 so fortunate in the character of her early settlers, and 
 that education was so universal among all classes from the 
 earliest settlement of the province, that she owes the pre- 
 eminence whicli her people have attained for intelligence 
 and general culture. 
 
 The early school-houses were either log or stone, some- 
 times built in an octagonal form, and called eight-square 
 school-houses. The desks were placed around against the 
 walls, and the pupils occupying them sat facing the win- 
 dows. Benches without backs, for the smaller children, 
 occupied the middle of the room. A desk for the teacher, 
 a huge stove in the centre of the room, a bucket, and what 
 was called the " pass" — a small paddle, with the words " in" 
 and "out" written on its opposite sides — constituted the 
 furniture of the building. These structures have long 
 since disappeared, and Chester County is now well supplied 
 with school-houses of a superior character, both in their 
 architecture, internal arrangement, and furniture. 
 
 Fogg's Manor Classical School. — Chester County has 
 possessed from quite early times numerous and well-con- 
 ducted academical institutions. The earliest of which we 
 have an account was the classical school at Fagg's Manor, 
 established about the year 1739 by the celebrated Rev. 
 Samuel Blair, and conducted by him until his death in 
 1751. His brother, the Rev. John Blair, succeeded him, 
 and had charge until 1767, when he was elected to a pro- 
 fessorship in the College of New Jersey and removed to 
 Princeton. This school was prolific in valuable men, and 
 there came forth from it many pupils who subsequently 
 became distinguished scholars and Christian ministers, 
 among whom may be named Samuel Davies, D.D., called 
 in his day the " prince of preachers," and who was one 
 of the presidents of the College of New Jersey; John 
 Rogers, D.D., for a long time an eminent minister in New 
 York ; Robert Smith, D.D., a noted teacher ; John Mc- 
 Millan, D.D., the founder of Jefferson College ; and the 
 
m 
 
 
 i^^fe^intf J!£siyi^^^^^at^.!jt.,.j;.& > 
 
 
 LINCOLN UNIVERSITY, LOWER OXFORD , 
 
 CtjeSTBR CO fA 
 
 I 
 
 WEiSTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL , CHESTER CO. PA . 
 
SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. 
 
 303 
 
 Revs. Alexander Cumming, James Finley, Hugh Henry, 
 Samuel Blair, D.D., John WoodhuU, D.D., Hugh Mc- 
 Aden, James F. Armstrong, James Dunlap, and Nathaniel 
 Irwin. Another pupil was James Ross, one of the first 
 professors of Dickinson College, a noted teacher of the 
 classics, and author of Latin and Greek grammars, etc. 
 
 New London Academy. — Rev. Francis Alison opened 
 an academy at New London in 1743, which became a 
 justly celebrated institution, and furnished both Church 
 and State many men of mark. Among those who were 
 educated there were Charles Thomson, secretary of the 
 Continental Congress ; Dr. John Ewing, provost of the 
 University of Pennsylvania ; Dr. David Ramsay, the his- 
 torian; Dr. Hugh Williamson, Rev. James Latta, D.D., 
 Rev. Matthew Wilson, D.D., and three signers of tha De- 
 claration of Independence, — Thomas McKean, George 
 Reed, and James Smith. 
 
 In 1752; Dr. Alison removed to Philadelphia, and was 
 succeeded by Alexander McDowell, by whom the academy 
 was removed to Newark, Del., where it became the basis 
 on which was founded the Delaware College. 
 
 The present New London Academy was organized in 
 1828, and became the successor, in name and locality, of 
 the old school of Dr. Alison. It has, with one or two 
 brief intervals, always been in a highly prosperous con- 
 dition, and many hundreds of pupils, some of whom have 
 become eminent, have received their education there. 
 Since 1828 it has had as principals, among others, James 
 Magraw, T. Marshall Boggs, William S. Graham, W. 
 S. F. Graham, William F. Wyers, George Duffield, and 
 Edward D. Porter. The highest number of pupils at any 
 one time has been eighty-five. 
 
 The Notlingham Academy. — This institution was estab- 
 lished in 174-4 by Samuel Finley, D.D. It was conducted 
 with admirable wisdom and success, and acquired a higher 
 reputation than any other in the middle cofonies, so that 
 students from a distance were attracted to it. Some of the 
 ablest and best men in the country laid the foundation of 
 their eminence and usefulness here, among whom may be 
 mentioned Dr. Benjamin Rush and his brother. Judge 
 Jacob Rush, Governor Martin, of North Carolina, Gov- 
 ernor McWhorter, of New Jersey, Governor Henry, of 
 Maryland, Bbenezer Hazard, Col. John Bayard, Wm. M. 
 Tennant, D.D., Rev. Joseph Smith, and James Waddell, 
 D.D., the blind preacher, whose eloquence is eulogized by 
 William Wirt in his " British Spy." 
 
 Dr. Finley was a man of fine parts, extensive attainments, 
 and, according to Dr. Rush, " one of the wisest and best of 
 men," and there were no better classical scholars formed 
 anywhere than in his school. It was broken up by the 
 removal of Dr. Finley to assume the presidency of Prince- 
 ton College, in 1761 ; but it has had a worthy successqr in 
 the West Nottingham Academy, in Maryland, which w^s 
 instituted through the agency of Rev. Dr. James Magraw 
 in 1812, and which has always enjoyed a large patronage, 
 and continues to flourish at the present time. 
 
 George Churchman, Jr., appears to have opened a board- 
 ing-school in Nottingham as early as 1764. His circular, 
 dated. 1st month 16th, gives the terms "at the rate of £18 per 
 annum, and so for a quarter, half year, or more." 
 
 The Brandyxjoine Academy., near the Manor meeting- 
 house, now in West Brandywine township, was opened in 
 the year 1793 for instruction in the classics and higher 
 branches of science. It was a necessary adjunct of a 
 theological school conducted at the same place by Rev. 
 Nathan Grier. The academy was at different periods 
 under the direction of Rev. M. McPherson, Matthew G. 
 Wallace, John Ralston, John F. Grier, and Rev. John W. 
 Grier, and closed about 1816. Many who became eminent 
 in professional life were educated here, and its pupils have 
 exerted a widespread and beneficial influence. 
 
 Rev. Nathan Grier, pastor of the Brandywine Manor 
 Presbyterian Church, took under his care theological stu- 
 dents. Between 1792 and his death, in 1814, he trained 
 twenty young men for the ministry, among them Rev. 
 David McConoughey, at one time president of Washington 
 College, Pennsylvania, and Rev. John H. Grier, Levi Bull, 
 and John N. C. Grier. 
 
 Upper Octorara Classical School. — In 1779, Rev. Wil- 
 liam Foster opened a classical school at Upper Octorara, 
 which was in operation about four years, and was closed in 
 consequence of his death. Rev. Dr. Nathaniel W. Sample 
 was one of his students. 
 
 The Friends Boarding- Schools. — About the year 1790, 
 the propriety of establishing a boarding-school by the So- 
 ciety of Friends for the education of their youth of both 
 sexes began to arrest attention. The subject was intro- 
 duced into the Yearly Meeting, and in 1794 it became so 
 far matured that funds were provided by voluntary contri- 
 butions, and a committee appointed to seek a proper loca- 
 tion for the proposed institution. The farm of James 
 Gibbons, in Westtown township, Chester Co., containing 
 six hundred acres, was purchased, and the erection of the 
 necessary building completed in 1799. The institution 
 was called " The Westtown Boarding-School," and went 
 into operation in the 5th month, 1799, with three teachers, 
 one of them John Forsythe, the popular teacher of the 
 Birmingham school. During the first year it had on its 
 rolls about two hundred pupils of both sexes ; and it has 
 been in successful operation ever since. 
 
 This school is under the superintendence of a committee 
 appointed at stated periods by the Philadelphia Yearly 
 Meeting of the society. There are important sub-com- 
 mittees specially intrusted with certain duties, the principal 
 of which are the " instruction," " farm," " admission," and 
 "household." The immediate charge is intrusted to a 
 superintendent, who has the general care of the institution, 
 attends to the supplies and disbursements, but has no direct 
 oversight of the literary departments. There are also ofl5- 
 cers called the governor and governess, who have special 
 charge over the pupils, in the intervals of school hours. 
 
 This institution is now under the exclusive control of the 
 branch known as " Orthodox Friends," and none but the 
 children of members of that society are admitted to the 
 privileges of the school. Since its organization in 1799 
 there have been in attendance as scholars, four thousand 
 seven hundred boys and five thousand eight hundred, girls. 
 The present annual average is about two hundred pupils, 
 under the care of thirteen instructors. There have been over 
 two hundred teachers, among them the well-known names 
 
304 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 of John Forsythe, Enoch Lewis, Emmor Kimber, John 
 Comly, Eli Hilles, John Gummere, David Whitall, Samuel 
 R. Gummere, and Samuel Alsop, father and son. 
 
 Since the erection of the original buildings various addi- 
 tions and improvements have been made from time to time, 
 until they have become quite extensive, and are admirably 
 adapted to their purpose. The main building is one hun- 
 dred and seventy feet in length and four stories above the 
 basement. An additional building, sixty-eight by fifty-four 
 feet, was erected in 1869. The farm of six hundred acres, 
 with the exception of thirty-five acres surrounding the 
 school buildings, is in the care of a farmer appointed by 
 the committee. The profits inure to the use of the school. 
 In addition to farm buildings there is a grist-mill on the 
 premises. As the original cost of the establishment and 
 of all improvements since made have always been defrayed 
 by gratuitous contributions, and no accumulation of prop- 
 erty from tuition fees is intended, the prices charged the 
 scholars have always been very low, simply sufficient, with 
 the income of the institution, to defray the necessary ex- 
 penses. It has been as low as sixty dollars per annum. 
 The present price is seventy-five dollars per session. Many 
 of the pupils are boarded and educated free of cost, from 
 the income of a fund which has been specially provided for 
 that purpose. 
 
 This seminary has largely contributed to the diffusion of 
 knowledge and the improvement of other schools, especially 
 among Friends. The numerous private seminaries con- 
 ducted by members of that society, with which our coun- 
 try abounds, may be nearly all traced, directly or indirectly, 
 to this institution. 
 
 About 1790, George Churchman, a prominent member 
 of the Society of Friends, founded a boarding-school in 
 East Nottingham for the advanced education of young 
 women, with a view to their qualification as teachers. 
 Suitable buildings were erected, and the school conducted 
 for a few terms, but it was overshadowed by the Westtown 
 Boarding-School, and finally closed. The place was long 
 known as the " Institution." 
 
 The New Garden Boarding-School for Boys was 
 established by Enoch Lewis in 1808, and continued in 
 active operation until 1824. It was designed principally 
 for the instruction of pupils in mathematics, science, and 
 natural philosophy. The reputation of Mr. Lewis (who 
 was a member of the Society of Friends, and had been the 
 teacher of mathematics in the Friends' school in Philadel- 
 phia from 1796 to 1799, and in the Westtown Boarding- 
 School from its opening in 1799 until 1808) soon filled, 
 and kept full, this school. He was an enthusiast in his 
 sphere, and his teaching was thorough. His school was 
 the principal one in the State in which at that day math- 
 ematics were taught on proper principles, and its influence, 
 therefore, was far-reaching. Among others educated here 
 were Joshua Hoopes, Joseph C. Strode, Jonathan Gause, 
 John Bullock, and Eli and Samuel Hilles, all successful 
 teachers. 
 
 The Chester County Academy. — This school was incor- 
 porated in 1811, and a Legislative appropriation of two 
 thousand dollars made for its benefit. Buildings were 
 erected in 1812 upon the site selected in East Whiteland 
 
 township, on the line of the leading thoroughfare between 
 Philadelphia and the West, — the Philadelphia and Lan- 
 caster turnpike. The school went into operation in 1813, 
 under the care of Samuel Turney, a graduate of Yale. 
 One of the early teachers was Joseph J. Lewis (son of 
 Enoch), who had charge of the mathematical department. 
 Mr. Turney was a very successful teacher, and while he 
 continued in charge of the academy its reputation stood 
 very high ; but after he withdrew it languished, and, after 
 alternate seasons of prosperity and adversity, it finally went 
 down, the property being conveyed in 186& by the trustees 
 to the school district of East Whiteland. It is now used 
 for common-school purposes. Among the teachers of this 
 academy were Rev. John W. Grier, Joseph Mason, Robert 
 P. SuBois, Samuel Durborrow, and Rev. Wm. Hilton. 
 
 The West Chester Academy, an institution in which 
 many of Chester County's most worthy citizens have been 
 educated, was opened in 1813. The expense of erecting 
 the necessary buildings was contributed by voluntary 
 subscription. The first teachers were Dr. John Gemmil 
 and Jonathan Gause, who had charge, respectively, of the 
 classical and mathematical departments. Dr. Gemmil died 
 in 1814. In a short time thereafter Mr. Gause became 
 the sole principal, and, except for a brief period, remained 
 in charge until 1829, a period of sixteen years, when he 
 resigned to open a private institution. During the period 
 of Mr. Gause's incumbency the academy flourished, and 
 became quite celebrated in Eastern Pennsylvania. Many 
 men who afterwards became prominent in life were edu- 
 cated there. Among them Nimrod Strickland, Joseph 
 Hemphill, John Hickman, Washington Townsend, Dr. 
 Wilmer Worthington, William W. Jefferies, James B. 
 Everhart, and Dr. GeOrge Smith, author of the '! History 
 of Delaware County." 
 
 THE WEST CHESTER ACADEMY. 
 
 From 1829 to 1834 the academy was in charge of dif- 
 ferent principals. In the latter year Anthony Bolmar, a 
 native of France, took charge of it, and remained until 
 1840. During this period it was more prosperous than it 
 had ever been before, and was crowded with pupils. Mr. 
 Bolmar was succeeded by James Crowell, who had charge 
 until 1854. William F. Wyers was principal from 1854 
 to 1866. During this period the schools increased to such 
 an extent that additional buildings became requisite. Messrs. 
 
SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. 
 
 305 
 
 J. Hunter Worrall and Eugene Paulin succeeded Mr. Wyers 
 in 1866, and conducted the academy until 1869, when it 
 was finally closed as a distinct school, and merged in the 
 State Normal School. Mr. Worrall then started, in Cabi- 
 net Hull, a " Mathematical and Classical Institute for Boys,'' 
 which is still continued. 
 
 Jonathan Gaitses Schools. — In 1829, Jonathan Gause, 
 having relinquished the charge of the West Chester Acad- 
 emy, opened an institution which he called " The West 
 Chester Boarding-School for Young Men and Boys," which 
 he conducted until 1832, when he relinquished it to Chey- 
 ney Hannum, and removed to his farm in West Bradford 
 township, where he opened the " Greenwood Dell Board- 
 ing-School." This school became very popular, and was 
 continued until 1839, when he accepted the principalship 
 of Unionville Academy. He conducted this institution 
 until 1847, when he reopened his Greenwood Dell school, 
 and was its principal until 1865, when he retired from the 
 active duties of life, having been a teacher more than fifty- 
 seven years. 
 
 Other Boardiiig-Sclwols. — " The Downingtown Board- 
 ing-School for Boys" was commenced by Joshua Hoopes, 
 in 1817, and continued until 1834, when he removed to 
 West Chester, and opened an academy there, under the 
 title of " Iloopes' Boarding-School for Boys," which he 
 successfully conducted until 1862, when, by reason of ad- 
 vancing years, he closed his school. 
 
 Edward Sparks was the founder of " The East Bradford 
 Boarding-School for Boys" in 1816. Two years later 
 Joseph C. Strode became its principal, and so remained, 
 with brief intervals, until 1846. His brother-in-law, Lewis 
 Levis, was his successor, and conducted it until 1857, when 
 it was closed. Mr. Levis then became a teacher in the 
 school of Anthony Bolmar. 
 
 Jonathan Gause, Joshua Hoopes, and Joseph C. Strode 
 formed a noble triumvirate, through whose labors the minds 
 ■of a large number of the youth of Chester County, in their 
 day, were imbued with a love of scholastic lore. 
 
 "The Uwchlan Female Seminary" was conducted by 
 William and Sarah Trimble from 1825 to 1835, and had a 
 large attendance. 
 
 Mrs. Phelps' Young Ladies' Boarding-School, Bolmar s 
 School, etc. — In 1837-38 a joint-stock company erected a 
 palatial edifice in West Chester for a young ladies' board- 
 ing-school, which flourished signally as such under the 
 charge of the accomplished Mrs. Almira H. Lincoln 
 Phelps, well known as the author of a work on botany. 
 The company, however, failed, and the property, coming 
 under the sheriff's hammer, was purchased, in 1840, by 
 Anthony Bolmar, — or, as his name was written in full, 
 Jean Claude Antoine Brunin de Bolmar, — who had then 
 had charge of the West Chester Academy for the preceding 
 six years^ Mr. Bolmar converted it into a boarding school 
 for young men and boys, and conducted it as such until 
 1860. This school speedily became one of the most popu- 
 lar and flourishing institutions in our country. It acquired 
 a world-wide celebrity, and attracted numerous pupils from 
 distant places, especially from the Southern States and the 
 West Indies. The energetic principal was regarded as the 
 Napoleon of teachers. This school was noted for its re- 
 39 
 
 markably systematic and exact discipline ; indeed, it was 
 semi-military in its methodical strictness. No boy could 
 ever boast that he had outwitted " Bolly,'' as he was famil- 
 iarly called by his pupils. Mr. Bolmar was the author of 
 several educational works for the instruction of pupils in 
 the French language. 
 
 After the death of Sir. Bolmar the property was occu- 
 pied by the Pennsylvania Military Academy from 1862 
 to 1865, under the presidency of Col. Theodore Hyatt, 
 when it was removed to Chester. This school was large 
 and prosperous, the cadets in attendance always numbering 
 one hundred and twenty. 
 
 The property was then purchased by William F. Wyers, 
 and a school reopened by him in 1866, under the title of 
 " Wyers' Scientific and Classical Institute for Boys," and 
 conducted by him until his death, in 1871. Mr. Wyers 
 was an earnest and able supporter of the cause of education. 
 He was one of the most thorough classical teachers in Penn- 
 sylvania, and for twenty-nine years he faithfully devoted 
 himself to the arduous duties of his profession. It has 
 been said by New England men that no teacher south of 
 New Haven sent scholars to enter college better prepared 
 than were those who had been trained by Mr. Wyers. In 
 his career as teacher he had over two thousand students 
 under his charge. 
 
 Mr. Wyers was succeeded by Robert M. McClellan, who 
 conducted the school for two years, when the property was 
 purchased for the Catholic Convent of the Immaculate 
 Heart, and a school established, entitled " Villa Maria," 
 which is conducted under the direction of the Sisters, 
 and is now in active operation. 
 
 The Kimhevton Boarding-School. — The French Creek 
 Boarding-School for Girls was instituted by Emmor Kim- 
 ber, in 1817. The name was afterwards changed to Kim- 
 berton Boarding School, upon the establishment of a post- 
 office of that name in the village which had grown up around 
 the school. 
 
 This school was taught by Mr. Kimber and his accom- 
 plished daughters, and was conducted on principles some- 
 what difl'erent from those of most seminaries, there being 
 no code of penal laws or rules in force. The plan of gov- 
 ernment was based upon the Golden Rule,—" Whatsoever 
 ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to 
 tjiem," — and as Mr. Kimber and his daughters had the 
 faculty of governing without any visible exercise of author- 
 ity, the school stood very high, was prosperous, and had 
 many scholars from other States and the West Indies. 
 After a useful career of about thirty-three years the school 
 was closed about 1850, upon the death of Mr. Kimber. A 
 school is now conducted at this place by the Rev. J. R. 
 
 Dimm. 
 
 The Brandywine Boarding-School, established in West 
 Brandywine township, and conducted by George Pierce, was 
 opened in 1816 and closed in 1823. Many of its pupils 
 afterwards became leading men in the county and elsewhere. 
 Tlie Moscow Academy — Mantua Female Seminary. — 
 Moscow Academy, a classical and literary institution, 
 was established by Rev. Francis Alison Latta, in Sadsbury 
 township, in 1826, and flourished with varying saccess, 
 I under different teachers, until 1840. Mr. Latta was a 
 
306 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 superior classical and Hebrew scholar, a poet of no mean 
 order, and an excellent instructor. 
 
 Mantua Female Seminary, in some sense a companion 
 scliool to the Moscow Academy, and located a short dis- 
 tance from it, was opened under the auspices of the Rev. 
 James Latta in 1830. It enjoyed for several years a very 
 successful career. 
 
 Tlie Unioiwille Academy. — This school was founded, in 
 1834, by the liberality of the citizens of the neij^hborhood, 
 who gave the land and erected the buildings. It has long 
 been one of the most successful and noted of the many pri- 
 vate schools of the county. Its principals have been Milton 
 White, Gaylord L. More, Cheyney Hannum, James Fling, 
 Jonathan Gause, Milton Durnall, Henry S. Kent, Jacob W. 
 Harvey, and A. A. Meader. 
 
 Jordan Bank Academy, a school for young men, in 
 East Nottingham township, was conducted by Evan Pugh 
 from 1847 to 1853. In the latter year he went to Europe, 
 was graduated at the University of Heidelberg, honored 
 with the degree of " Doctor of Physical Science," and re- 
 turned home in 1859, assuming at once the presidency of 
 the Agricultural College of Pennsylvania. 
 
 OTHEE SELECT SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. 
 
 Howard Academy, at Rockville, in Honeybrook township, 
 was opened in 1848, and was in successful operation, under 
 the principalship of Professor James McClune, LL.D., 
 recently a professor in the High School at Philadelphia, 
 Rev. S. Ogden and A. Kirkland, and others, until 1862. 
 Many who became successful as teachers, and many who 
 entered the learned professions, received their preparatory 
 training at this school. 
 
 Prospect Hill Boarding-School, in East Bradford, by 
 Benjamin Price, continued about five years, ending, per- 
 haps, in 1847. 
 
 Price's Boarding-School for Girls, in W6st Chester, was 
 established by Philip and Rachel Price in 1830 and con- 
 ducted under the superintcndency of their daughter, Mrs. 
 Hannah P. Davis, from that date until 1852, when it was 
 purchased by Miss P. C. Evans and sisters. This institu- 
 tion was a signal success, and during this period about 
 twelve hundred girls were educated there. Hannah P. 
 Davis was recognized by the entire community as one of 
 the loveliest examples of a true Quaker lady and Christian 
 woman that ever adorned and blessed the ancient county 
 of Chester. 
 
 Miss P. C. Evans and sisters establLshed the West Chester 
 Female Seminary in 1848, and in 1852 it became the suc- 
 cessor of the school of Hannah P. Davis, and was conducted 
 in the same building until 1872, when it was removed to 
 other buildings, and is still in operation. 
 
 In 1872, Robert M. McClclian purchased the large 
 buildings of P. C. Evans and sisters (formerly Price's 
 school), and there established McClelUin's Institute for 
 Boys, which is now vacated. 
 
 In 1839, Mary B. Thomas and sisters established in 
 Downingtown a boarding-school for girls, which has been in 
 constant operation ever since. 
 
 From 18G0 to his death, in 1865, Carl Heins "had in 
 Downingtown a boarding-school for boys. 
 
 In 1871, F. Donleavy Long opened in Downingtown the 
 Chester Valley Academy for Boys, which he still success- 
 fully conducts. 
 
 In 1872-73 the Downingtown Academy for Boys was 
 conducted by Alexander Moore. 
 
 Moses Coates had a school for boarders, in Coatesville, 
 from 1834 to 1838. A select school was conducted from 
 1841 for some years under the auspices of Francis Parke 
 and Benjamin I. Miller. 
 
 The Coatesville Academy was in operation from 1853 
 until 1 868, under the care of different principals. 
 
 Ercildoun Seminary was founded by Smedley Darlington 
 in 1851, and was conducted as aboys' school for three years, 
 and since then as a school for young ladies. Smedley Dar- 
 lington was succeeded in 1861 by his brother, Richard 
 Darlington, Jr., who has had charge ever since. The large 
 school buildings were nearly demolished by a tornado in 
 July, 1877. The school was then removed to West 
 Chester, and is now known as the Darlington Seminary, — 
 a most excellent and flourishing institution, and well 
 worthy of the extensive patronage it enjoys. 
 
 The Eaton Institute for Girls, in Kennet Square, was 
 started by Samuel Martin in 1843, and is now under the 
 charge of Evan T. Swayne. It has always been a flourish- 
 ing and successful seminary, and hundreds of the quiet and 
 staid matrons of Chester County have been educated there. 
 
 Chatham Academy, by Moses Coates, was opened in 
 the autumn of 1842, and continued at least two years. 
 
 Joseph B. Phillips had a noted school at Kennet Square 
 for many years, and had among his pupils Bayard Taylor, 
 Dr. Howard Pugh, Dr. Elisha Gatchell, and Dr. John 
 B. Piiillips. 
 
 Kennet Square Academy and Seminary for Boys and 
 Girls was for some years under the charge of S. C. Short- 
 lidge. It was later conducted by Rev. A. S. Vaughau, 
 under the name of Hofwyl Academy. 
 
 Dr. Franklin Taylor opened Kennet Academy, a new in- 
 stitution, in 1875, which was conducted by him for some 
 years. He was long a successful educator in the county, 
 and is now a professor in the Philadelphia High School. 
 
 In 1852, Dr. Franklin Taylor, Dr. Elwood Harvey, and 
 Professor Fordyce A. Allen opened a normal school in 
 West Chester, of which Professor Allen soon thereafter 
 became the sole proprietor. In 1860 he opened a female 
 institute in connection therewith. These schools were 
 continued until 1864. 
 
 "The Young Ladies' Select School," in West Chester, 
 was opened in 1860, under the charge of the Misses Lam- 
 born and Miss Worrall, and continued until 1867, when 
 Dr. Franklin Taylor took' charge of it, and continued it 
 under the name of " Young Ladies' Academy" until 1870, 
 with an average attendance of seventy-five pupils. 
 
 The Oxford Female Seminary was established about 
 1835, under the supervision of Rev. J. M. Dickey and 
 others, and has been in successful operation ever since. It 
 has always had a large number of students from Delaware 
 and Maryland. 
 
 Hopewell Academy was under the proprietorship of 
 Thompson Hudson from 1834 to 1841, and under that of 
 Jessy C. Dickey and others to about the year 1861. 
 
SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. 
 
 307 
 
 " Blair Hall" was established by Rev. Alfred Hamilton 
 in 1847, at Fapjg's Manor, — the site of the old celebrated 
 school of the Blairs, and named in honor of them, — and 
 was in operation about eight years. 
 
 The Parkesburg Academy has been conducted since 1857, 
 under the successive charge of Professor W. W. Woodruff, 
 Rev. Dr. David X. Junkin, J. Morgan Rawlins, Rev. J. 
 L. Landis, William .W. Rupert, and Milton R. Alexander. 
 A female school was also in operation in Parkesburg from 
 1853 for some years, under the charge of Miss Hannah 
 Cooper, and afterwards of the Misses Kelley and Johnson. 
 
 Londongrove Boarding-School for Young Men and Boys 
 was established in 1849 by Benjamin Swayne, and suc- 
 cessfully conducted until about 1860. 
 
 Rebecca B. Pugh's Boarding- and Day-School for Chil- 
 dren was opened in Londongrove in 1848, removed to 
 West Chester in 1854, and conducted to 1874, when it was 
 relinquished on account of the ill health of the principal. 
 
 Thomas M. Harvey's School for Young Men, in Penn 
 township, was in operation from 1840 to 1855, and sent 
 into the world many well-educated men, among them Dr. 
 Isaac I. Hayes, the celebrated explorer in the Polar 
 regions. 
 
 Harmony Hill Boarding-School for Girls, near Falrville, 
 conducted by Thomas Berry, a valued member of the 
 Society of Friends, flourished for some years prior to 
 1835. 
 
 Fairville Institute, for both sexes, was established by 
 Jesse D. Sharpless in 1854, and was in successful operation 
 until 1868. As many as 90 students were sometimes 
 in attendance. 
 
 Jesse E. Phillips conducted, in East Nantmeal township, 
 Fremont Academy from 1847 to 1858. and David Phillips 
 and J. C. Guilden successively, at Pughtown, the Oakdale 
 Academy from 1855 to 1875, both for boys. Ivy Insti- 
 tute for Girls, under the charge of Jesse Hawley and his 
 daughters, was located at Pughtown from 1856 to 1870, 
 and since then at Phoenixville. The Groveraont School, 
 at Phoenixville, was in charge of Rev. J. E. Bradley from 
 1856 to 1866. The Ridge Road Academy was in opera- 
 tion in 1852 and 1853, and the Springville Academy, for 
 both sexes, from 1868 to 1872. Johnson's School, for both 
 sexes, at Guthrieville, from 1870 to the present time. 
 Academies have been in operation in Waynesburg at dif- 
 ferent times since the year 1845, where Abel Marple was 
 the first principal. Malvern Boarding-School, for both 
 sexes, under Jane M. Eldridge, has been in operation 
 since 1860. West Grove Boarding-School for Girls, with 
 Thomas Gonard and Thomas P. Conard successively as 
 principals, from 1853 to 1869. Ezra Gray had a board- 
 ing-school in Upper Oxford from 1861 for some years, and 
 Henry S. Kent in Penn township, near Jennerville, from 
 1860 to 1863; Toughkenamon Boarding-School, of Hannah 
 M. Cope, since 1867 ; Edgefield Institute, in Upper Uwch- 
 lan, by Abraham Fetters, since 1867; Friends' High 
 School, in West Chester, since 1835. Cheyney Hannum 
 had a school in West Chester from 1832 to 1838; Mrs. 
 Sarah Fales, from 1838 to 1842; Miss Sarah Edmunds, 
 from 1842 to 1850; J. W. Pinkerton, for girls, and 
 Thomas B. Jacobs, for boys, for many years; James 
 
 M. Hughes, for girls, from 1854 to 1858 ; Mrs. Paulln, a 
 select school for girls. 
 
 Edward E. Orvis opened a female seminary in New 
 London, called the New London Female Seminary, May 
 16, 1853, which was conducted by him some two or three 
 years. 
 
 J. Williams Thorne commenced the first session of his 
 boarding-school in Sadsbury township, Chester County, four 
 miles north of Parkesbarg, in the summer of 1856. He 
 taught the Latin and Fi-eneh languages, and lectured on 
 English classics, history, and astronomy. With the ex- 
 ception of three years, the school was vacated in summer. 
 It was discontinued in 1866. 
 
 Lincoln University, an institution for the education of 
 young men of color, was incorporated by the Legislature in 
 1854, under the title of Ashmun Institute. In 1866 the 
 name was changed to Lincoln University, and its sphere of 
 usefulness enlarged. The buildings are situated on a tract 
 of eighty acres in Lower Oxford township, on the lino of 
 the Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad, and near 
 the borough of Oxford, and occupy a commanding position 
 upon one of the highest hills in that undulating district. 
 There are four university buildings and four professors' 
 houses. The institution is completely equipped with a 
 corps of fifteen professors and teachers, who are zealous 
 and earnest in the work. Students are fitted in the pre- 
 paratory department, and in college pursue the regular 
 course of four years ; and on graduating receive the degree 
 of Bachelor of Arts. Full instruction is also given in the 
 law, medical, and theological departments, and the regular 
 degrees conferred. The university is doing a noble work 
 in sending out educated colored men fitted to instruct and 
 elevate their race. Rev. I. N. Rendall, D.D., is its presi- 
 dent. 
 
 Soldiers' Orphans' School. — This school was established 
 at Chester Springs in 1868. The " Springs" was once a 
 noted watering-place, but is not now kept as such, and the 
 ample buildings are in the occupancy of the school. It 
 has always had a full attendance, and is regarded as one of 
 the best schools of its character in the State. About six 
 hundred soldiers' orphans have enjoyed its benefits. 
 
 The Chester County Cabinet of Natural Science. — In 
 1826 a society was organized in West Chester, and incor- 
 porated under the above title. Its object was to promote 
 a knowledge of natural history, and specially of the indige- 
 nous products of the county. Its members showed com- 
 mendable zeal, with gratifying results ; a fine museum of 
 specimens was gathered, a large three-story hall erected, in 
 which their collections were placed ; winter courses of lec- 
 tures were delivered, and a taste created for the natural 
 sciences, which led to the formation of private collections, 
 and the preparation and publication of several invaluable 
 works by Drs. Darlington and Hartman, and others. 
 
 State Normal School. — In 1869 the valuable properties 
 of the West Chester Academy and of the Chester County 
 Cabinet of Natural Science were sold, and the proceeds 
 made the basis of a fund for the erection of buildings for, 
 the State Normal School of the First District, composed of 
 the counties of Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Bucks. 
 
 This school is located in West Chester. It was opened 
 
308 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 in 1871, and, under the charge of Professor George L. 
 Maris and a corps of eflBcieut teachers, is doing a noble 
 work. 
 
 The building is a massive structure, constructed of the 
 beautiful serpentine stone so abundant in this region. The 
 grounds contain ten acres, well laid out and ornamented. 
 The school has as many students as can be accommodated. 
 The valuable collections and library of the Cabinet of Nat- 
 ural Science have been placed in the building, in rooms 
 set apart for that purpose. 
 
 The number of schools in the county of a higher grade 
 than the common schools is at the present time about thirty. 
 
 Common Schools. — Some of the first schools were kept 
 in the session-houses of the churches. At a later period 
 houses were built for the purpose more conveniently situ- 
 ated and somewhat better furnished. No females were em- 
 ployed, and down to about forty years ago it was considered 
 rather a disgrace than otherwise for females to teach, and 
 the cognomen of schoolmistress was more avoided than 
 sought by young ladies. Then the teacher was paid by the 
 parents and guardians of those attending the school, and 
 schools were conducted upon the subscription plan. The 
 few appended receipts are given as an illustration of this 
 early custom : 
 
 "IgiiDny of X>" 1735 
 "Reoed of Richard Buffington Junior 18« ^ Halt, 4» 6* by Stock- 
 ings, 17' 6* In money — In all forty Shillings; Being In full for a 
 yeare Scholeing. I say Reced ^ 
 
 " me Jon. Morse," 
 
 " These May Certifie Whome it may Consern the Barrer John 
 Young in the year one Thousand seven Hundred and forty-seven 
 Subscribed With severnll others of the Inhabitants of the Township 
 of West Bradford and East Cain, Thirty Shillings Towards Hiring a 
 School Master Named David Robinson. 
 
 " Roger Hunt, 
 
 " Robert Wilson." 
 
 "Ree'i' of John Young one pound Ten Shillings being his sub- 
 scription for one years schooling ending the first Day of September 
 last past. 
 
 "by me this ]6lh of November, 1748. 
 
 "Joseph Wray." 
 
 The earliest schools in Chester County, as before stated, 
 were those of the Friends. The following instances are 
 cited : an acre of ground in Willistown was purchased by 
 several Friends for school purposes, 4, 12, 1753. 
 
 At Quarterly Mtg. 5, 13, 1754: "According to the advice of a 
 minute of the Last Yearly Meeting concerning the settling schools in 
 the Country it is agreed for the encouragement thereof that the sev- 
 eral and respective Clarks of the Monthly Meetings belonging to this 
 Quarterly Meeting do inquire into and bring a true and perfect ac- 
 count of all Legacies donation or other Estate which have been here- 
 tofore given to their respective meetings and of the uses to which the 
 moneys arising therefrom arc apply'd and bring the account thereof 
 to our next meeting." 
 
 The Bradford, New Garden, and Kennet Monthly Meet- 
 ings jointly set up a school prior to 1781. Likewise Go- 
 shen, Bradford, and Birmingham meetings jointly purchased 
 four acres of ground in East Bradford, one-half mile west 
 of West Chester, where the old roofless walls still stand to 
 mark the spot whereon the then " new school-house'' was 
 erected in 1771). 
 
 Another old school-house was one which stood on the 
 northwest corner of the property belonging to the Brandy- 
 wine Manor Presbyterian Church. It was about 28 by 18 
 
 feet, and had two doors in the front, which was towards the 
 south. It was divided by a swinging partition. One divi- 
 sion was used for a classical school, and the other was occu- 
 pied by the common school. It stood within about three 
 hundred yards of where three townships, constituting the 
 Eighth Election District, then joined, and the elections were 
 held therein from 1798 to 1814. This stone school-house 
 was the first one built of that mateiial in that part of 
 Chester County. All the first school-houses, like the first 
 buildings generally, were constructed of logs, mostly un- 
 hewn. 
 
 The following table shows the number of children in each 
 township, between the ages of five and twelve years, whose 
 parents were unable to school them, and who were entitled 
 to free education in accordance with the provisions of the 
 act of April 4, 1809, which required assessors to make a 
 return of all such, the same to be placed on the township 
 transcripts; after revision, the lists were returned to the, 
 assessors, whose duty it was to notify the parents of said 
 children to what (the mo.st convenient) schools they should 
 be sent. The table also shows the year when each town- 
 ship commenced to report poor children, and the jear it 
 ceased to make said returns, which is the date of their ac- 
 ceptance of the provisions of the free school law. 
 
 Townships. 
 
 Brandy wine 
 
 East Bradford 
 
 West Bradford 
 
 London Britain 
 
 East Coin 
 
 Charlestown 
 
 Coventry 
 
 Londonderry 
 
 West Chester 
 
 EastFallowfield 
 
 Goshen (East and West).. 
 
 Londongrove 
 
 New Garden ; 
 
 Honey brook 
 
 Newlin 
 
 East Marlborough 
 
 East Nottingham 
 
 Upper O.xford 
 
 Lower Oxford 
 
 Peniisbury 
 
 Sadsbury 
 
 Easttown 
 
 Westtown 
 
 East Whiteland 
 
 West Whiteland 
 
 Birmingham 
 
 West Marlborough 
 
 Thorn bury 
 
 Tredyfifrin 
 
 Uwchlan 
 
 Willistown 
 
 West Cain 
 
 New London 
 
 East Nantraeal 
 
 West Nantmeal .^. 
 
 West Nottingham 
 
 AVest Fallowfield 
 
 Kennet 
 
 Penn 
 
 Schuylkill 
 
 East Vincent 
 
 West Vincent 
 
 EastPikeland 
 
 West Pikeland 
 
 1810 
 
 Total,, 
 
 1811 
 
 1812 
 
 1813 
 
 |l8U 
 I 1812 
 
 3 
 15 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 39 
 5 
 
 15 
 3 
 5 
 
 12 
 5 
 
 16 
 3 
 7 
 
 21 
 1 
 3 
 4 
 
 11 
 6 
 
 20 
 i 
 3 
 3 
 
 10 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 12 
 7 
 2 
 3 
 
 304 
 
 1841 
 1843 
 1837 
 1840 
 1836 
 1841 
 1840 
 1841 
 1838 
 1837 
 1839 
 1839 
 1839 
 18.38 
 1841 
 1838 
 1839 
 1841 
 1841 
 1841 
 1841 
 
 1843 
 1838 
 1841 
 1841 
 1838 
 1840 
 1840 
 1839 
 18.^8 
 1837 
 1841 
 1SS9 
 1837 
 1838 
 1838 
 1841 
 1841 
 1836 
 1840 
 1838 
 1841 
 1841 
 
 
 i2i 
 
 111 
 
 79 
 37 
 22 
 68 
 48 
 92 
 26 
 
 115 
 63 
 
 101 
 21 
 87 
 80 
 37 
 50 
 
 108 
 74 
 51 
 51 
 
 110 
 48 
 31 
 30 
 43 
 16 
 69 
 9 
 87 
 45 
 49 
 71 
 84 
 
 126 
 51 
 31 
 76 
 45 
 45 
 43 
 36 
 22 
 
 45 
 
 2553 
 
PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 
 
 309 
 
 Algebra was first taug;ht in a common school in Honey- 
 brook township in 1822 ; surveying; and mensuration, by a 
 self-tau{;ht instructor, a little later.* 
 
 The high school at Penningtonville was started in the 
 spring of 1863 by William E. Buck, of New Hampshire. 
 The school was opened in the basement of the Presbyte- 
 rian church, but was soon moved into a building fitted up 
 for its special use, and now the public school building of the 
 borough of Atglen. In this day school the higher branches 
 were thoroughly and successfully taught for some years. 
 In the year 1867, Mr. Buck returned to the East, and was 
 succeeded by John McClellan, but the school was soon 
 closed.f 
 
 The common schools number about three hundred and 
 fifty, many of which are equal in every respect, in the 
 branches taught and in their general efficiency, to the 
 higher academies and seminaries. 
 
 When the question of accepting the common school 
 system was submitted to the delegates representing the 
 school districts of the county, in 1834 and 1835, a con.sidor- 
 able majority voted not to accept. In 1 83C, however, quite 
 a change had taken place in public opinion, and of the I'urty- 
 five districts represented, the delegates of thirty-eight 
 voted in its favor, and soon thereafter the sj'stem became 
 general. 
 
 When the office of county superintendent was established 
 it encountered two classes of opponents among the school 
 directors, one composed of those who thought themselves 
 fully competent to examine the teachers, and direct the 
 schools without extraneous aid, and who were jealous of the 
 new officer; and the other, of those who thought the office 
 useless, and that the money paid to the officer would be 
 better expended by adding it to the school fund. The op- 
 position, however, gradually subsided, through the judicious 
 conduct of the incumbents of the office and the manifest 
 advantages as exhibited in the practical workings of the 
 system. 
 
 The first county superintendent, Robert A. Futhey, met 
 with the opposition referred to. He cultivated the new 
 and untried field with commendable prudence and judg- 
 ment, surmounted all difficulties, organized and conducted 
 the first teachers' institutes, and left the ground well pre- 
 pared for his successor. Dr. Franklin Taylor, the next super- 
 intendent, devoted much attention to the teachers' institutes, 
 holding some twenty-five local institutes in different parts 
 of the county, bringing the teachers and people together to 
 discuss educational questions, and did a good work in pop- 
 ularizing the public school interest. His successor, W. W. 
 Woodruff, who held the office nine years, raised the stand- 
 ard by more thorough examinations, made a more complete 
 organization of the annual teachers' institute and rendered it 
 efficient, held some sixteen institutes in various parts of the 
 county, and did much, by thorough visitation and personal 
 intercourse with teachers, to wake them up and stimulate 
 them to the active and intelligent performance of their duties. 
 
 * Professor MoClune's reininiaoenoes. 
 
 ■f The first school at Penningtonvill 'was established in 1858, in a 
 house erected for the purpose by John M. Philips. Miss Annie Ash 
 (afterwards Mrs. Page) was the first teacher. It was maintained for 
 ten or twelve years, and until a graded public school was started in 
 the village. 
 
 George L. Maris, the next incumbent, did much to intro- 
 duce, and have established, graded and high schools. He 
 also organized conventions of school directors for consulta- 
 tion — an entirely new feature in the school work, there 
 being nothing like it in the State at the time. Hiram F. 
 Pierce succeeded Mr. Blaris, and held the office until his 
 death, in 1876. The present superintendent is Jacob W. 
 Harvey, who has been eminently successful. 
 
 In 1855 an act of Assembly was passed establishing a 
 teachers' institute in Chester County, requiring one to bo 
 held each year at the county-seat, and appropriating from 
 the county treasury annually two hundred dollars for that 
 purpose. This was a step in advance of any other county, 
 and has rendered the institutes more efficient than they 
 otherwise would have been. 
 
 PUBLIC LIBUARIES. 
 
 Public libraries have existed in various parts of the county 
 from an early period. 
 
 The Birmingham Library was established the 17th of 
 1st month, 1795. The first directors were Caspar Wistar, 
 Philip Price, Isaac G. Gilpin, Edward Darlington, Richard 
 Strode, Amos Brinton, Titus Taylor, and Abr. Darlington, 
 Jr., treasurer. The names signed to the " rules" — addi- 
 tional to those above given — are John Townsend, Edward 
 Darlington, Jesse Mercer, Joshua Sharpless, William Brin- 
 ton, James Painter, Joseph Hemphill, John Porsythe, 
 Thomas H. Brinton, Abel Otley, Jonathan Thatcher, Wil- 
 liam Thatcher, Jr., Jacob Yearsley, Joseph Way, William 
 Bennett, James Gibbons, Samuel Painter, Jr., Ennion 
 Cook. 
 
 Abraham Darlington was the first librarian. In 1805 
 new rules were adopted, and the membership fee fixed at 
 twelve dollars; in 1809 it was reduced to six dollars. The 
 library was first kept at the residence of Abraham Dar- 
 lington, then removed to Ennion Cook's in 1807, where it 
 was located until 1850, when a house was built for its ac- 
 commodation on the property of Jesse Seal. Alban Seal 
 is librarian at this date, vice David Garrett, who succeeded 
 Ennion Cook, as owner of farm and librarian, 1841. The 
 price of shares is ten dollars each, and an annual fee of one 
 dollar. There are between two and three thousand volumes 
 now in the library. 
 
 The New London Library Company was organized in 
 1806, the" Article of Agreement" bearing date of Novem- 
 ber 26th. It was incorporated Jan. 11, 1810. The orig- 
 inal members included the following (first) officers : James 
 Fulton, Esq., President; Walter Finney, Esq., Thomas 
 Wilkinson, James Hutcheson, Jr., John Menough, Robert 
 M. Waugh, and Dr. Levi Roberts, Directors. Others who 
 signed the " Articles and Conditions," Oct. 21, 1809, are 
 Fulton Hutcheson, Joseph and James Strawbridge, Joshua 
 McCracken, Mark and Ezra Fell, John M. and William 
 Carlile, John McKissick, George and Alexander Correy, 
 John Chandler, Jesse and Everard Conard, Jr., John Ross, 
 Moses Quimby, Benjamin Kelley, George Roberts, John 
 W. and Ann Cunningham, Thomas Henderson, David 
 Mackey, John Reed, John Gamble, John Fulton, Jr., 
 James Boyd, Joseph Wilkinson, Robert Kennedy, John 
 Doiat, John Fulton, John Dance, John Finney. 
 
310 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Rev. R. P. Du Bois writes that in 1836 there were prob- 
 ably twelve hundred volumes in this library, which about 
 1845 were sold at auction, and he attributes the decline in 
 such institutions to the multiplication of newspapers. 
 
 Uiiionville Library. — The original subscription paper of 
 this library is so unique, that we give it a place in these 
 annals : 
 
 " To oil to ichome this may come be/ore, Greetiuff. — That we the un- 
 derwriters have it in contemplation for the luiprovement of young 
 minds and a fireside enjoyment to those of information and all who 
 have a love for the acquirement of usefull knowledge, to erect a Li- 
 brary by subscription. We do herein solicit and pray all those who 
 have rising families or a disposition to be acquainted with religious 
 and moral History to aid and assist in the stimulation of this invalu- 
 able intention which no doubt will feed the mind with food of In- 
 struction and animate the senses, from trifling amusements to matter 
 of more sublimity and lasting enjoyments. 
 
 *' We please ourselves with the Idea that it will lead youth out of 
 rusticity to refineness of manners and cloath their address with case 
 and gentleness in assemblies of superiority, and inculcate in them a 
 degree of decent pride that will surmount the rude and unpolished 
 habits they are so subject to imbibe, without the cultivation of which, 
 of itself, is in a desending situation and wants good nursing to bring 
 it from thence to suavity of manners and good degree of Latitude for 
 Phylosophysing with rationality on the operations of nature and her 
 wisdom like ways. It likewise will add energy to our states, harmon- 
 ize our rude passions, and promote Innocent and social loquacity in 
 arguments of weight and Importance teach men to be good Husbands 
 and fathers, women to be good wives and mothers, which will pave 
 the way to delectable tranquility and outvie all terestial things and 
 calmn our mindes into peace and quiet. We do therefore consent 
 each and every of us to subscribe the sum of five dollars for the aug- 
 mentation of the Library, which we promise to pay when a sufficient 
 sum shall bo accumulated to establish a decent collection of Books, 
 the which when accomplished will be advertised for a meeting to 
 chuse representatives, &c. 
 
 " Shares 
 "Thomas Griffith. 
 Garnett Jackson. 
 Robert Bufdngton. 
 Charles Wilson, Jr. 
 Jesse Buffingtoo. 
 Nathan Hayes, Jr. 
 Henry Marsh. 
 Joshua Harlan. 
 David Taylor. 
 Isaac Baily, Jr. 
 Jacob Pyle. 
 George Jackson. 
 Levi Baily, 
 William Whiting. 
 Caleb Woodward. 
 Caleb Chalt'ant, Jr. 
 Thomas Webb. 
 John Smith. 
 Abishai Clark. 
 William Tagart, .Ir. 
 Parker Wickersham. 
 William Stuart. 
 Robert Wilson. 
 Joseph Pcircc, Jr. 
 William F. Mitchel. 
 Thomas Baker. 
 Andrew Hamilton. 
 
 [each person one]. 
 
 George McFarlan. 
 Joseph Pyle. 
 Jeremiah Baily. 
 William Tagart. 
 Philip Ward. 
 John IVIills. 
 Joseph Pusey. 
 Mordeoai Hall. 
 Isaac Commons. 
 Ezekiel Rubencam. 
 Job Hayes. 
 Isaac Swayne. 
 James M. Gibbons. 
 John J. Windle. 
 Caleb Pusey, Jr. 
 Amos Greenfield. 
 John Erwin. 
 Nathan Swayne. 
 Thomas Worth, Sr. 
 Benjamin Parker. 
 Riciiard Baker. 
 Waters Dewees. 
 Plummer Edwards. 
 Isaac Pyle. 
 David Peirce. 
 Moses Pennock. 
 Thomas Peiree." 
 
 There is no date to this paper, but it doubtless belonged 
 to the first decade of this century. The library was sold 
 out several years ago. 
 
 The Farmers' Library of Londongrove was organized 
 in 1805 and chartered .Ian. 27, 1812. The articles of as- 
 sociation were signed 7, 21, 1810, by Enoch Lewis, Joseph 
 
 Sharp, Samuel Morris, Evan Morris, Lea Pusey, James 
 Kelton, John Jackson, Joel Jackson, Israel Jackson, Isaiah 
 Jackson, William Jackson, James Monaghan, Thomas Pen- 
 nock, Hannah Pennock, Mary Ann Pennock, Aaron Mar- 
 tin, Barak Michener, Ezra Michener, Samuel Smith, Thomas 
 Penington, Jesse GoodJ Isaac Hoopes, Jr., John Hoopes, 
 Joseph Way, Isaac Pyle, Benjamin Webb, Joseph Michener, 
 James Dixon. Of these only Dr. Ezra Michener survives. 
 The first officers, elected Nov. 11, 1805, appear to have 
 been Joseph Sharp, President; John Jackson, Secretary ; 
 Samuel Morris, Treasurer ; Thomas Pennock, Evan Morris, 
 Israel Jackson, and James Monaghan (with the foregoing), 
 Trustees. At the same meeting it was 
 
 " Hesolved, That the books be deposited, and the library kept at 
 the house of John Jackson the ensuing year. 
 
 *' Ri-Bolvedy That each and every member shall pay the sum of 25 
 cents at the end of every three months, or SI. 00 per year, to be added 
 to the stock for the support and enlargement of said library." 
 
 The first purchase (11, 3, 1805) was fifty volumes, at a 
 cost of eighty-nine dollars and thirty-nine cents. In 1820 
 the library was removed to Lea Pusey's, but afterwards re- 
 turned to Jackson's. This library grew to a considerable 
 size (over one thousand volumes), but after three-fourths 
 of a century of usefulness, was sold at auction on the 14th 
 of 6th month, 1880. At the time of its dissolution Re- 
 becca Jackson was librarian. 
 
 The Windsor Public Library is of quite recent forma- 
 tion, — in 1866, — established with funds derived from an 
 entertainment given by the pupils of the Windsor public 
 school, and fostered by subsequent donations, etc. The 
 library, which now contains about four hundred volumes, 
 is owned and controlled by the " Windsor Library and 
 Literary Association," which meets monthly. 
 
 A library was established at Ercildoun some fifty years 
 ago, and kept at the house of Gideon Peirce. 
 
 Among the libraries now in efficient operation are the 
 West Chester Library, Chester County Law and Miscel- 
 laneous Library, and libraries at Coatesville, Downingtown, 
 Keunet Square, Oxford, Phoenixville, Spring City, Union- 
 ville, and Windsor. 
 
 Lyceums and kindred societies, for the discussion of ques- 
 tions of public interest, are numerous and well conducted.* 
 
 Chester County has taken a prominent part in the Uni- 
 versity at Lewisburg, Pa. Since that institution was 
 founded eighty-six students have attended from this county, 
 forty-seven males and thirty-nine females. Sixteen youn" 
 men from the college and fourteen young women from 
 the University Female Institute have been graduated. 
 Three of the young men took the first honors in their 
 classes, and three others the second honors. A number of 
 the Baptist pastors of the county were there educated, and 
 
 » In an old pamphlet copy of " Proceedings of the Chester County 
 Education Convention, preparatory to organizing throughout the 
 county Township Lyceums, held at West Chester, Sept. 12, 1835," we 
 learn that the convention not only proposed that a county lyeeum be 
 formed, but provided a constitution for and organized the society by 
 the election of the following ofiicers : Dr. Wm. Darlington, President ■ 
 Dr. Ezra Michener, Joshua IIt)opes, Wm. Jackson, Vice-Presidents; 
 David Townsend, Treasurer; Joseph C. Strode, Recording Secretary; 
 John Ruttor, Corresponding Secretary ; Dr. Jesse W. Cook, Washing- 
 ton Townsend, Alex. Marshall, Cheyney Hannum, and Henry S. 
 Evans, Curators. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 311 
 
 at the present time four natives of Chester are members of 
 the faculty, — Eev. Francis AV. Tustin, A.M., Pli.D., Vice- 
 President and Professor of Greeli ; George G. Groff, M.S., 
 M.D., Professor of Natural Sciences; Jonathan Jones, 
 A.M., Principal of the University Female Institute; and 
 George M. Phillips, A.M., Professor of Mathematics and 
 Natural Philosophy. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Chester County is noted not only for her educational in- 
 stitutions, but for the number of authors which she has 
 furnished. The intellectual character of the people is 
 shown in the fact that more than four hundred and fifty 
 bound volumes, on a great variety of subjects, written by 
 persons of Chester County birth or residence, have issued 
 from the press. The following is a list of authors and 
 their works, with the period of pubfication. This chiefly 
 contains the productions which assumed the form of books, 
 and does not embrace a mass of literature issued in the 
 shape of pamphlets. It will be seen that while some of 
 the works have had but an evanescent and local popularity, 
 a very full proportion possess a permanent value, and have 
 taken a place among standard American productions. The 
 list contains works on history, biography, travels, science, 
 mathematics, medicine, law, poetry, and religious and gen- 
 eral literature, among them seven grammars, five arithme- 
 tics, three geographies, three algebras, a Latin dictionary, 
 and treatises on surveying, trigonometry, mensuration, and 
 geography : 
 
 Caleb Pusey. 
 
 1. A Seriens and Sea-sonaWe WARNING unto all People occasionoti by two most 
 
 Dangerous Epistles to a late Book of John Falldoe's subscribed by Riuliard 
 Baxter, Tho. Mauton, TUo. Jaeontb, Jolin Yates, A Palmer, & others. By 
 C. P. 4to. London. Pjinted in the Year 1675. 3 sheets.* 
 
 2. A Modest Account from PENNSYLVANIA of TUB PRINCIPAL DIFFER- 
 
 ENCES in Point of Docti iue, between George Keiih, and those of the People 
 called QUAKERS, from whom he Separated ; shewing his great Declension, 
 and Inconsistency wilh himself therein. Recommended to the Serious Con- 
 sideration of those who are turned aside, and joyned in his SCHISM. Lon- 
 don. Printed and sold by T. Sowle, in White-Hart-Court in Gracious- 
 Street. 8vo. 1696. i\4, sheets. 
 
 3. Satan's Harbinger Eucountered, his false News of a Trumpet Detected, his 
 
 crooked ways in the wiidernt'sso laid open to the view of the Impartial and 
 Judicious Being. Something by way of Answer to DANIEL LEEDS his 
 book, cntituled, News of a I'RUMPET SOUNDING IN THE WILDER- 
 NESSE, &c. Wherein is shewn how in several respects lie hath grievously 
 wronged and abused divers eminent, worthy and painfull Laboui'ers in the 
 work of the Gospel, in many places by false citations out of their books and 
 in many other places by perverting their sayiuKS and cxpretsinns, besides 
 his otherwise basely reflecting upon several antient Friends by uame. By 
 C. P. Printed at Philadelphi.a, by Beynier Jansen. 4to. 1700. 16 sheets. 
 
 4. flanirfie'ds, Justly Rebuked for abusing WILLIAM PENN, and his FOLY 
 
 and FALS-HOODS Contained in his two Printed Ohalenges to CALEB 
 PUSEY, made Manifest; with some remarks also by way of Rebuke on the 
 AitUior of the Boolt called, Niws of a Strum-pel [should be Trumpet]. Printed 
 at Philadelphia, by Beynier Jansen. 4to. 1702. 4 sheets. 
 
 5. Proleut Ecdesiaatieus, or GEORGE KEITH varied in Fundamentalls : acknowl- 
 
 edged by himself to be such, and Prov'd an Apostate, from his own DefaiUmn, 
 Arnumenls and Heasoiis. Contrary to his often repeated false pretentions, 
 whereby he hath Laboured to deceive tho People; telling them ho is not 
 varied from any Fundamental Principle, nor any Principle of the Christian 
 Faith, ever since he first came among the Quakei-s. With remarks on 
 DANIEL LEEDS' abusive Almanachtor the year 170a, by way of Pmiicript. 
 Piinted at Philadelphia, by Reynicr Jacson. 4to. About 1703 or 1704. 13 
 sheets. 
 
 6. George Keith once more brought to the Test, and proved a PREVARICATOR, 
 
 Containing something of an Amiver to his Book called THE SPIRIT OF 
 RAILING SHIMEI, &c. And shewing that George KeUh in his attempting, 
 to prove the Spirit of Bailing Shimei, &c., to be entered into Caleb Pmey ; 
 hath there by more manifested, that not only the Spiit of Mailing, and Envy; 
 but also of Confusion, about Doctrines and Principles of Eeligion is entered 
 into himself. Piinted at Philadelphia, by Reinier Jansen. 4to. 4}^ sheets. 
 
 * Addressed to tho people called "Anthony Palmer's Cburob." 
 
 7. The Bomb Search'd and found tt^fd with False Ingredients; being a Just Con- 
 
 futation of an abusi\o Piiijtcd Iliiif-slieel, cuUci a BOMB, originally pub- 
 lished against the QUAKEltS, by FRANCIS BUGG. But espoused and 
 exposed, and in Print offeied to be proved by JOHN TALBOT. To which is 
 added, fir»( .• a large /lij;)CHdij;, treating of the Real Differences that are in 
 divers respects between the Quakers and their Oppoeers, and the Qualcers 
 Doctrines, Practice, and Deportment, in those Points, Justified from Scripture 
 and the antient' Protestants. Secondly : divers Testimonies added of those 
 called I'a/Aerfl of the Church to the Light of Christ, Inspiralion ; the Spirits 
 'Peaching ; Silent )Vaiting, tfcc. Thirdly divers of D, L.'s abuses to the Quakers ; 
 being herein more fully manifested than hath hitherto been published. 
 Printed at Philadelphia, by Reynier Jansen. 4to. 1705. 93^ sheets. 
 
 8. Some rcmai-ks upon a late pamphlet, signed part by John Talbot, and part by 
 
 Daniel Leeds, called tho Great Mystery of Fox-craft. Piinted at Philadel- 
 phia, by Reynier Jansen, about 1705 or 1700. 5 sheets. 
 
 Elizabeth Webb. 
 
 1. In 1710, Elizabeth Webb paid a religious visit to England, and 
 became acquainted with AVilliam Anthony Boehin, with whom she had 
 religious conversation, which led her to write him a letter, giving an 
 account of her conversion and call to the ministry. This letter, with 
 his answer, has been often printed and e.vtensively circulated. Printed, 
 Philadelphia, 1781 ; Warrington, England, 1802; in Friends' Library, 
 etc. 
 
 2. She also prepared "Notes on the Book of Revelation," which 
 were completed and ready for piiblica.tion at her death, which occurred 
 in 1726. Of this, the original and a copy made by Thomas Chalkley 
 are now extant. The work was never printed. [See The Friend, vol. 
 xxi.\., page 77, etc.] 
 
 Elizabeth Webb was the wife of Richard Webb, who settled in Bir- 
 mingham in 1703, and mother of William Webb, member of Assembly 
 for Chester County, and others. 
 
 John Peirce. 
 
 Some of the Dying Words and Last Expressions of John Peirce, son of George 
 and Anne Pierce, of Thornbury, in the County of Chester and Province of 
 Pennsylvania. Printed by Andrew Bradford in 1720. Small 12nio. 
 
 Fhebe Speakmaii. 
 
 Some Account of the Life and Travels of Phebe Speaknian. Printed in Com- 
 ley's Miscellany, vol. vi. page 193, etc. 
 
 She was the daughter of John and Ann Schofield; was born in 
 Bucks County, in 1739 j married, first, Nathan Yarnall, second, Mi- 
 cajah Spoakman, and died in 1828, at the age of ninety years, and 
 was buried at Uwchlan, Chester County. 
 
 Rev. David Evans. 
 
 Law and Gospel; or, Man Wholly Ruined by the Law and Recovered by tho 
 
 Gospel; being the substance of several Sermons preached at Tredyflfiin, in 
 
 1734, from Galatians, ill. 10, and Romans, i. 16, by Kev. David Evans, A.M., 
 
 V.D.M. 
 
 This book was published in 1746. Its author, David Evans, was 
 
 pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Tredyifrin township known as 
 
 the " Great Valley Church." 
 
 Kev. Samuel Blair. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Blair resided in Londonderry township, Chester 
 County, and was the pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Fagg's 
 Manor. In his lifetime he published three volumes of a religious 
 character. After his death these were gathered together, and, witli a 
 collection of his sermons, and a sermon preached at his funeral by 
 Kev. Samuel Finley, of Nottingham, were published in one volume by 
 William Bradford, Philadelphia, in 1752. 8vo, pp. 386. These 
 several works were ; I. Sermons by Samuel Blair, preached at I'agg's 
 Manor, pp. 200 ; II. A work in relation to a controversy in the Synod 
 of Philadelphia, pp. 30; III. A treatise on the doctrine of predesti- 
 nation, pp. 100; IV. A narrative of revivals of religion at Fagg's 
 Manor, then called New Londonderry, pp. 28 ; V. The last advice of 
 Mr. Blair to his people; VI. Sermon by Rev. Samuel Finley. See 
 biographical sketch of Mr. Blair. 
 
 Rev. John Blair. 
 
 Rev. John Blair succeeded his brother as pastor of Fagg's Manor 
 Presbyterian Church. He was the author of three works : I. Ani- 
 madversions, a. religious controversial work, published in 1766; II. 
 The Synod of New York and Philadelphia Vindicated; III. A treatise 
 on regeneration, published in 1770. 
 
 Elizabeth Ashbridge. 
 
 Some Account of the Early Part of the Life of Elizabeth Ashbridge, who de- 
 parted this life in Tiuth's service, the ICtli of 5th Month, 1755. Written by 
 herself. Editions, 1774, 18UC, 1807, 1820, 1840 (in Friends' Library), 1846. 
 
312 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 See also The Friend, vol. xxxi. p. 212; records of Goshen Monthly 
 Meeti ng, etc. 
 
 Benjamin Mason. 
 
 Light Kisiiig out of Obscurity ; or, a Reply to Francis Herr's Tainphlet, intitled 
 A Slioft Explication of the Written Word uf Gud ; likewise uf the Cliristiun 
 Baptism, and the Peaceable Kingdom of Christ against the Peuple called 
 Quakers. By Benjamin Mason. Philadelphia, 1790. 
 
 Susanna Lightfoot; 
 
 Memorial of Susanna Lightfoot. Published in 1844. 
 
 She was born in Ireland, 1st month 10, 1720, and died at Uwchlan, 
 Chester County, 5th month 8, 1781,- was a minister among Friends 
 about forty years. 
 
 Hugh Judge. 
 
 Memoirs and Journal of Hugh Judge. Published in 1841. 
 
 He died at Kennet Square, 12th month 21, 1834, aged about eighty- 
 five years. 
 
 John Churchman. 
 
 An Account of the Gospel Labours and Christian Experiences of a Faithful 
 Minister of Christ, John Churuhnian, late of Nottingham, in Peuna., 
 dec'd. To which is added a short memorial of the life and dt:ath of a fel- 
 low-laborer in the Church, otir valuable friend, Joseph White, late of Bucks 
 County. Philadelphia, 1770. Pp.256. Keprinted, London, 1780, 1781 ; Dub- 
 lin, 1781; Philadelphia, 1818. 
 
 Some extracts from his "journal," and letters to different persons, 
 were published in Friends' Library, The Irish Friend, Comii/'s Mis- 
 cellany, etc. 
 
 John Churchman. 
 (Grandson of the preceding John Churchman.) 
 
 1. Map of the Peninsula between the Bays of Delaware and Chesapeake, in- 
 
 cluding the State of Delawai'e, and the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Vir- 
 ginia. 1778. 
 
 2. The Magnetic Atlas or Variation Chart of the whole Terraqueous Globe; 
 
 comprising a system of the Variation and dip of the Needle, by which, the 
 ObseiTatioua being truly made, the Longitude may be ascertained. (With 
 three plates). London: printed for the author. Large quarto. 1794. 
 
 This chart was first published in 1790, in the United States, in the 
 form of a map of the world, accompanied with a book of explana- 
 tions, under the title of "A Variation Chart, or Magnetic Atlas, and- 
 a Stereographic Projection of the Spheres, or a Plane of the First 
 Magnetic Meridian." It was inscribed to George Washington, Presi- 
 dent of the United States. This chart was about twenty-seven by 
 twenty-five inches, on strong canvas, and mounted on oak rollers, 
 and is now very rarely to be met with. The author subsequently went 
 to England, where his perfected "Magnetic Atlas" was published, as 
 above mentioned, in 1794. See biographical sketch. 
 
 John Bartram. 
 
 1. Observations on the Inhabitants, Climate, Soil, Rivers, Productions, Animals, 
 
 and other Matters worthy of notice, made in bis travels from Pennsylvania 
 to Onondaga, Oswego, and the Lake Ontario, in Canada, by John Bartram. 
 Loudon, 1751. 8vo, pp. 94. 
 
 2. Description of East Florida; with a Journal kept by John Bartram, Botanist 
 
 to his Majesty for the Kloridas, upon a journey from St. Augustine up the 
 River St. John, with explanatory Botanical notes. Illustrated with an 
 accurate map ot East Florida, and plans of St. Augustine and of tho bay of 
 Kspiritu Santo. London, 1766. 8vo, pp. IbO. Third edition, much en- 
 larged, published in London, 1769. Quai'to. 
 
 John Bartram also contributed several valuable papers to the 
 American Philosophical Society, which were published in their " Trans- 
 actions" in the years 1740, 1744, 1750, 1762, and 1763. He was born 
 March 23, 1699, and died Sept. 22, 1777. 
 
 William Bartram. 
 
 Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, 
 and the country of the Cherokees and Choctaws ; containing an account of 
 the soil aud productions of these regions, together with observations on the 
 Manners of the Indians. With plates. 8vo, pp. 622. Philadelphia, 17U1; 
 the same, London, 1702, and again in 1794. This work was also translated 
 into Fieuch, and published in Paiis, in two volumes, in 1801. 
 
 He also published "An Account of John Bartram," "On the Site 
 of Bristol," and other papers, and also prepared the most complete 
 table of American ornithology before the appearance of the work of 
 Alexander Wilson. 
 
 "William Bartram was the son of John Bartram j was born Feb. 9, 
 1739, and died July 22, 1823. 
 
 John Millis. 
 The Citizen and Countryman's Experienced Farrier. By J. Markham, George 
 JefFeries, and Discreet Indians. Wilmington. lie-Printed and sold by Jamea 
 Adams, at his Printing-Office, 17(54. 8vo, pp. 364. 
 
 The basis of this volume was an English book by J. Markham. 
 John Millis, a farrier, residing in Chester County, with a view of com- 
 piling a work on the subject which should be useful in this country, 
 gathered a large number of proved receipts from George Jefferies, of 
 Bradfoi'd township, a noted farrier, and others, and included the whole, 
 with his own experience, in this publication. The following certificate, 
 signed by well-known names of that day, is printed in the volume: 
 " We whose names are hereunto annexed have, by an appointed meet- 
 ing, at tho house of John Baldwin, in Kennet township, Chester 
 County, revised and examined the copy and manuscripts of the * Citi- 
 zen and Countryman's Experienced Farrier,' now intended for the 
 press, by John Millis, and are of opinion that it will be of great ser- 
 vice to the publick in general. Third month 22d, 1763.'^ This cer- 
 tificate is signed by William Pennock, Humphry Marshall, Samuel 
 Sellers, and George Gilpin. The volume appears to be a full and com- 
 plete treatise on the diseases of horses and cattle, and their treatment 
 as then understood and practiced. 
 
 Humphry Marshall. 
 
 1. Arbustum Amerieanum. The American Grove, or an Alpliabetical Catalogue 
 
 of Forest Trees aud Shrujjs, natives of the American United States, arranged 
 according to the LinnaBan system, containing the particular distinguishing 
 charactei's of each Genus, with plain, simple, and familiar descriptions of 
 the manner of growth, appearance, etc., of their several species and varie- 
 ties. Also, some hints of their uses in medicine, dyes, and domestic econ- 
 omy. Compiled from actual knowledge and observation, and the assistance 
 of botanical authors. By Humphry Marshall. Philadelphia: printed by 
 Joseph Cruikshank, in Market Street, between Second and Thiid Streets, 
 1785. 8vo, pp. 174. 
 
 2. Observations on Botany as applicable to Bural Economics, tending to show 
 
 the utility of Botanical Knowledge in relation to Agriculture, aud the feed- 
 ing of Cattle, etc. Prepared for the Philadelphia Society for Promoting 
 Agriculture, by Humphry Marshall, 1786. 
 See biographical sketch of Humphry Marshall for further notice 
 of these works. 
 
 Rev. David Jones. 
 
 1. Peter Edwards' Candid Eeasons Examined aud Answered. By David Jones, 
 
 A.M., Pastor of the Baptist Church at the Great "Valley, Chester County. 
 Philadelphia: printed for the author by Dennis Heartt, 1811. 
 
 2. Review of John Campbell's Sermon, preached at Stonemouth Meeting-IIouse, 
 
 Oct. 28, 1810, containing his opinion on the subject and mode o^Baptisni, 
 etc., in a letter submitted for that gentleman's consideration. By David 
 Jones, Pastor of the Baptist Church at the Great Valley, Chester County. 
 Philadelphia: printed for the author by Dennis Heartt, 1811. 
 
 These two works were subsequently published in one volume, Svo, 
 
 pp. 201. 
 
 James Ross, A.M., LL.D. 
 
 1. Latin Grammar. 8vo, pp. 184. 
 
 The first edition was published in Chambersburg in 1798 ; the second 
 in Lancaster in 1802 j and subsequent editions in Philadelphia. It 
 had reached the fifth edition in 1818, and the ninth in 1829. It was 
 subsequently revised and enlarged by Prof. N. C. Brooks. 
 
 2. Greek Griimmar. Firet edition, 1813 ; second edition, 1817. 
 
 This work was wholly in Greek and Latin, not a word of English 
 being used in the book. 
 
 3. Erasmi Colloquia Selectse; The Select Colloquies of Erasmus, with an English 
 
 Translation. 1818. 12nio, pp. 172. 
 
 4. Corderii Colloquioium Ceuturia Selecta; or, A Select Century of the Collo- 
 
 quies of Corderius, with an English Translation. First edition, 1810; fifth 
 edition, 1818. 12mo, pp. 156. 
 
 5. Selecta e Profauis Scriptoribus Historia;. 1819. 12mo, pp. 300. 
 
 6. Esop's Fables— Latin and English. 
 
 7. Ciceronis Epistolse. 
 
 Mr. Ross also wrote and published a number of Latin poems, and 
 translated the Presbyterian Shorter Catechism into Latin. See bio- 
 graphical sketch. 
 
 John Comly. 
 
 English Grammar made Easy to tho Teacher and Pupil. Originally compiled 
 for the use of Westtown Boarding-School, Chester County, Pa. ISluo, 
 pp. 216. 
 
 John Comly was, from 1800 to 1802, a teacher in the "Westtown 
 Friends' Boarding-School, and while there prepared his "English 
 Grammar," the first edition of which wn^s published in 1803. It has 
 passed through numerous editions, and has been extensively used in 
 schools and academies. His other well-known books were written 
 after he left the Westtown school. 
 
 Thomas Rustou, M.D. 
 
 I. An Essay on Inoculation for the Small-pox, wherein the nature of the Disease 
 is explained, and the various Methods of preparation that have been Prac- 
 
BIBLTOGRAPHr. 
 
 313 
 
 ticed in America are critically examined. First edition, London, 1767 ; 
 Becond edition, greatly enlarged, 1768. 8vo, pp. 174. 
 2. A Collection of Facts intersperaed with observations on the Nature, Cause, 
 and Cure of the Yellow Fever, in a series of Letters addressed to tlje inhab- 
 itants of the United States. Philadelphia, 1801. 8va, pp. 65. 
 
 The author of these volumes was a celebrated physician in his day. 
 He was born at Fagg'a Manor, Chester County, and was a son of Job 
 Kuston, long a prominent citizen of the county, and a member of the 
 Fagg*s Manor Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Hugh Williamson, M.D., LL.D. 
 
 1. Discourse on the Benefits of Civil History, before the New York Historical 
 
 Society. New York, 1810. 
 
 2. Observations on the Climate in different parts of America, compared with the 
 
 climate in corresponding parts of the other Continent. To which is added 
 remarks on the different Complexions of the Humiin Race ; with some 
 account of the Aborigines of America. With diagrams. New York, 1811. 
 8vo, pp. 207. 
 
 3. History of North Carolina, by Hugh Williamson, M.D., LL.D., Member of the 
 
 Holland Society of Science, of the Society of Arts and Sciences of Utrecht, 
 of the American Philosophical Society, etc. Philadelphia; published by 
 Thomas Dobson, at the Stone House, No. 41 South Second Street, 1812. 8vo. 
 2 vols. With maps. Pp. 290, 288. 
 
 4. An Essay on Comets. Printed in the first volume of the " Trausactions of 
 
 the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York." 
 
 He was also the author of several valuable papers on medical, phil- 
 osophical, scientific, and literary subjects, published in the American 
 Medical and Philosophical Register, the Medical Repository, and other 
 journals. He was a native of West Nottingham township, Chester 
 Co., Pa. See biographical sketch. 
 
 Thomas Carrington. 
 
 A Christian Exhortation to the People, dated the 9th of 3d mouth, 1778. Re- 
 printed three times, 12mo, 8vo, and 16mo : the last in 1803. 
 
 The author was a member of Londongrove Friends' Meeting. 
 
 Samuel Emlen, M.D. 
 
 A valuable paper on yellow fever, the fruit of his observations — 
 made as a member and secretary of the Board of Health — when the 
 yellow fever prevailed along the water-margin of Philadelphia in 18 19. 
 See biographical sketch. 
 
 John Gummere. 
 
 A Treatise on Surveying, containing the Theory and Practice ; to which is pre- 
 fixed a Pereplcuous System of Plane Trigouometry. The whole clearly 
 demonstrated and illustrated by a large number of appropriate examples. 
 Particularly adapted to the use of Schools. By John Gummere. First 
 edition. Published by Kimber & Richardson, Philadelphia, 1814. 8vo. 
 pp. 358. 
 This well-known treatise on surveying was prepared by the author, 
 John Gummere, and the first edition was published while he was a 
 teacher in the Westtown Boarding-School, in Chester County. It has 
 passed through many editions, and is still extensively used in schools. 
 
 A new edition, revised and improved by Isaac Sharpless, has re- 
 cently been published. 
 
 Francis Glass, A.M. 
 
 Georgii Washington!!, Americse Septentrioualis Civitatum Fsederatarum Prsesi- 
 dis primi. Vita, Francisco Gla^s, A.M., Literis Latinis conscripta. 
 This work was a life of Washington in Latin prose, by Francis 
 Glass. Mr. Glass was one of the first teachers in the West Chester 
 Academy, and the above work was prepared while he was a teacher 
 there, about the year 1814. He subsequently removed to Ohio and 
 died there. A revised edition of the work was published by Harper 
 & Brothers in 1835. It generally met the approval of scholars, and 
 has been used as a text-book by teachers. Mr. Glass was a man of 
 erudition, and a thorough classical scholar. He devoted his life to 
 teaching. 
 
 Joseph Sharpless. 
 Family Record; containing the Settlement and Genealogy to the present time, 
 of the Sharpies Family in North' America. With an Appendix containing 
 Memorials of the Dying Sayings, etc., of several deceased Members of the 
 Family, not before published. By Joseph Sharpless. Philadelphia : pub- 
 lished and sold by the author. No. 30 Arch Street ; sold also by Kimber & 
 Sharpless, No. 93 Market Street, 1816. 12mo, pp. 132. 
 This is an early work on family genealogy, it having had but few 
 predecessors in this country, and, considering the time of its compi- 
 lation, it is a very creditable performance. It is hoped some one pr 
 more of the now extensive family of Sharpies, or Sharpless (the name 
 being now spelled both ways, although the ficst is the original mode), 
 
 40 
 
 will undertake the task of bringing the genealogy down to the present 
 time. 
 
 William Baldwin, IH.D. 
 
 Notices of East Florida and the Sea-Coast of the State of Georgia, in'a seiies of 
 letters to a friend in Pennsylvania. By William Baldwin, M.D. With an 
 Appendix containing a Register of the Weather, and a Calendai-iam Florls, 
 kept at St. Marys. 
 
 This was the title of a volume in the course of preparation by Dr. 
 Baldwin, but the completion of which was prevented by his death in 
 1819. Some portions of it have been preserved in the " Kcliquice 
 BaldwiniansB" of Dr. Williiim Darlington. Dr. Darlington was the 
 ''friend in Pennsylvania" 'to whom the letters were addressed. Dr. 
 Baldwin was an eminent scientist, and published some valuable papers 
 in Silliman'a Journal and in the "Transactions of the American 
 Philosophical Society.*' He was a native of Newlin township. See 
 biographical sketch. 
 
 John Creswell. 
 Essays and Letters on the World, or the Modern Observator on "Various Subjects. 
 
 By a Citizen of Chester County. Priuted for the author, 18:iO. 12iuo, 
 
 pp. 153. 
 
 This is iir collection of papers on various subjects, written in the 
 form of letters, under the assumed signatures of John Bolday, Willy 
 Markly, Oonway Garden, J. Ingham, and B. Onghill. The author, 
 John Creswell, was an eccentric bachelor, and resided in Londonderry 
 township, about one-half mile north of Fagg's Manor Presbyterian 
 church, on the road leading to Cochranville. His parents were Charles 
 and Isabella (Walker) Creswell. He died in 1843, at the age of about 
 sixty-five years. 
 
 Anonymous Songs. 
 
 Songs and other Jollificition Ditties, collected chiefly from the columns of the 
 
 American Republican. West Chester : priuted at the ofdce of the Repubtican, 
 
 1824. Pp. 31. 
 
 This was a collection of songs appropriate to the times, written by 
 
 citizens of Chester County, and printed from time to time in the 
 
 American Republican and other prints, and collected and published in 
 
 a volume in 1824. 
 
 Hezekiah Niles. 
 
 1. Principles and Acts of the Revolution in America. Dedicated to the "young 
 
 men of the United States.*' By Hezekiah Niles. 
 This work was first published in Baltimore in 1822, and republished 
 in New York by A. S. Barnes <t Co. in 1876. Royal 8vo, pp. 500. It 
 contains speeches, orations, and proceedings, with sketches and remarks 
 on men and things belonging to the Kevolutionary period of the United 
 States, and is a very interesting and valuable contribution to the 
 political history of the country. 
 
 2. Aides' Weekltj Begi^ster. 
 
 This was a weekly octavo journal, each number containing sixteen 
 pages, founded by Hezekiah Niles in 1811, and edited and published 
 by him in Baltimore until 1836. It was continued by his son, William 
 Ogden Niles, and others, until 1849. Fifty volumes were edited by 
 Hezekiah Niles, and twenty-six by his son. The volumes of this 
 journal contain an inexhaustible supply of valuable material for our 
 national history, consisting of political, historical, geographical, sta- 
 tistical, and biographical documents, essays, and facts, together with 
 notices of the arts and manufactures, and a record of the events of the 
 times, and it has always been held in high estimation. 
 
 Hezekiah Niles was born in East Bradford township, Chester County, 
 on the farm now owned by John James, near Jefferis' Ford, on Oct. 10, 
 1777, and died in Wilmington, Del., April 2, 1839. 
 
 Samuel Jackson, M.D. 
 
 Dr. Samuel Jackson was a son of Isaac Jackson, of New Garden 
 township, Chester County, where he was born, Aug. 3, 1788. After 
 graduating as M.D. at the University of Pennsylvania, he settled at 
 Northumberland, where he resided until beyond middle life, in the 
 enjoyment of a large medical practice. He then removed to Phila- 
 delphia, and engaged in the practice of his profession there, and was 
 designated as Dr. Jackson, " formerly of Northumberland," probably 
 to distinguish him from Prof. Samuel Jackson, of the Medical Depart- 
 ment of the University of Pennsylvania, as they bore the same name, 
 were nearly the same age, and both eminent in their profession. He 
 wrote a work entitled " Nature Improved, or a New Method of Teach- 
 ing Languages, Exemplified by its Application to Latin, Greek, and 
 French," which was published in Philadelphia, by Robert H. Small, 
 in 1827. 12mOj pp. 166. He was also the author of numerous vaUi- 
 
314 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTP:R COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 able medical and literary papers and addresses, which were published 
 from time to time, among them extended memoirs of Dr. Benjamin 
 Rush and Dr. Isaac Pari-ish. Dr. Jackson was an elegant scholar, a 
 forcible writer, and profoundly learned in his profession. He died 
 Dee. 17, 1869. One of his sons — Francis Aristides Jaekson — has been 
 for many years Professor of Latin in the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 John .Tones. 
 The Power of Deception Unveiled, and The M.m of Sin Revealed; in An Anal- 
 ysis of the Book of Revelations, to which is prefixed An Essay on the Sys- 
 tem of Man. By John Jones. Philadelphia: published by R. H. Small, 
 1829. Qnarto, pp. 35U. 
 
 The author of this work was a native of Chester County. It was 
 his wish that it should be published soon after his death, which oc- 
 curred in 1800, but it did not appear until 1829, when it was pub- 
 lished through the instrumentality of his friend, Joseph Churchman, 
 of Frankford, Pa. It contains a biographical sketch of the author, 
 by Joseph Churohm.an ; .an introductory address by the author; an 
 essay on the system of man, being a theological dissertation, com- 
 posed of several sections; and the Analysis of the Revelations, in 
 twelve parts. The last is a lengthy discourse, explanatory of the alle- 
 gorical or figurative parts of the Book of Revelation, and in it is 
 manifested the great originality and reasoning powers of the author. 
 He was noted as ■■•. powerful, as well as eloquent, preacher among 
 Friends. 
 
 Thomas L. Smith, M.D. 
 Chronicles of Turkey town; or, the Works of Jeremy Pufei-3. Containing the 
 history of a Dreadful Catastrophe, the Amours of Dr. Post and Mrs. Peweetle, 
 and the History of a Tatterdenudioii. By Thomas L. Smith, M.D. Phila- 
 delphia: R. H. Small, 166 Cliestuut Street, 1829. 12mo, pp. 238. 
 
 Dr. Smith, when this book was written, resided in Easttown town- 
 ship, Chester County, and was eng.aged in the practice of medicine. 
 He subsequently removed to New Albany, Ind., and became a member 
 of the bar, and, eventually, one of the judges of the Supreme Court 
 of Indiana. He was also for some years one of the editors and pro- 
 prietors of the Louiiville Democrat, and had many a tilt with the 
 witty George D. Prentice, who then edited the Louiaville Journal. 
 
 Titus Bennett. 
 
 A New System of Practical Arithmetic, particularly calculated for the use of 
 Schools in the United States; containing a large proportion of examples in 
 Federal Money, in each rule throughout the work. Compiled by Titus 
 Bennett. To which is annexed a Coui-se of Book-Kcoping by Single Entry. 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Eight large editions of this arithmetic were published prior to the 
 year 1824. In that year it was revised, and a new edition, called the 
 " Revised Impression," was issued by Bennett & Walton, publishers, 
 in Philadelphia. The sixteenth edition of this revised impression 
 was issued in 1829. The book was very popular, and was for many 
 years extensively used in the schools. " Dilworth's Assistant," as it 
 was called, was also in use at the same time. In Chester County 
 these were generally superseded by Pike's, Rose's, and other arith- 
 metics, over forty years ago. The older persons now living will 
 remember having in their school-days "ciphered" in Bennett and 
 Dilworth. Titus Bennett was a native of Birmingham township, 
 Chester County. 
 
 Cheyney Hannum and John Rutter. 
 
 Chester County Almanac for the year 1833; contaiuiug the usual ABtronomlcal 
 Calculations, and a variety of entertaiuing Statistical Matter. Calculated 
 by Hannum and Euttor. Printed by Denny & Whitehead, West Chester, Pa. 
 12mo, pp. 32. 
 
 Probably few of the people of Chester County know that an almanac 
 was at one time published within her borders wholly the work of her 
 citizens. This almanac for 1833 was calculated by Cheyney Hannum 
 and John Rutter, then engaged in teaching, and printed by John T. 
 Denny and William AV'bitehead, at that time editors and proprietors of 
 the National Republican Advocate, a weekly newspaper, published at 
 West Chester. In addition to the usual astronomical tables, it contains 
 forms and directions for transacting business at the Bank of Chester 
 County, directors and officers of the bank, chronological list of officers 
 of the United States government since the Revolution, Dr. IlorsheH's 
 weather table, times of holding court, etc. It presented a very cred- 
 itable appearance, and was fully equal to the other almanacs of that 
 day. 
 
 Alexander Maitlaud. 
 
 The Political Instructor and Guide to Knowledge; being a Compendium of Po- 
 litical Infurmation. Designed for the use of Schools. By Alexander Mait- 
 
 laud, Esq., of the County of Chester. Philadelphia: printed by William 
 
 Brown for the author, 183a. 12mo, pp. 355. 
 The compiler of this volume was a resident of Brandywine town- 
 ship. It contains a large a.mount of information of a political char- 
 acter, suitable, at the time of its publication, for the instruction of 
 the people. The writer of this can attest its value from having studied 
 it while a youth, and finding it what it purported to be, "a political 
 instructor and guide to knowledge." It contains also a collection of 
 forms frequently needed by the people in the transaction of their 
 business. The work was published by subscription. A list of the 
 subscribers' names, numbering about one thousand, was a.ppended to 
 the volume; of these, about three-fourths were of Chester County. 
 
 Joshua Jones. 
 
 English Grammar, in two parts. The First, A brief analysis of Iho English 
 Language. The Second, A practical system of Etymology and Syntax, with 
 exercises in Parsing and Corrections. By Joshua Jones, Great Valley, West 
 Chester, Pa. Priutcd by Simeon Siegfried, 1833. 12mo, pp. 366. 
 
 Jesse Conard. 
 
 1. Stephen Moroland. A Novel. In two volumes. By Jesse Conard. Phila- 
 
 del)>hia : Key & Biddle, 23 Minor Street, 1834. 12mo, pp. 247, 253. 
 
 2. The Secrets of Mount Echo. An American Romance. By Jesse Conard. 
 
 Cincinnati : Robinson & Jones, 1848. 8vo, pp. 122. 
 
 The author of these volumes was a member of the Chester County 
 bar, and the scenes of the novels are laid in Chester County. 
 
 Enoch Lewis. 
 
 1. A Revised Edition of Simpson's Trigonometry. Published 1810. 
 
 2. A Revised Edition of Bunnycastle's Algebra. 1811. 
 
 3. A Treatise on Arithmetic. First published in 1810.- 12mo. 
 
 4. The Practical Analyst; or, A Treatise on Algebra, containing the most use- 
 
 ful parts of that Science. Illusti'ated by a copious collection of examples. 
 Designed for the use of Schools. Philadelphia: Kimber & Sharpless, 1826. 
 12mo, pp. 166. 
 6. A Familiar Introduction to English Grammar, on the Inductive System. 
 18:)6. 12nio. 
 
 6. A Treatise on Plane and Spherical Trigonometry ; including the construction 
 
 of the Auxiliary Tables, a Concise Tract on the Conic Sections, and the 
 Piinciples of Spherical Projection. 1844. 8vo, pp. 228. 
 
 The foregoing works passed through several editions, and were exten- 
 sively used in schools. The author was a thorough mathematician 
 and grammarian. 
 
 7. A View of the Militia System of Pennsylvania. 1822. 
 
 8. A View of the Present State of the African Slave Trade. 1824. Pp. 120. 
 
 9. Vindication of the Society of Friends, being a reply to a review in the fifth 
 
 volume of the " Eiblican Eepertor y" of Dr. Samuel U, Cox's work, entitled 
 *' Quakerism not Christianity." 1834. 8vo, pp. 73. 
 
 10. A work on Domestic Slavery. 1837. Pp. 120. 
 
 11. The African Observer. A Monthly Journal, containing Essays and Docu- 
 ments illustrative of the General Character and Moral and Political Efiects 
 of Negro Slavery. Edited by Enoch Lewis. One volume. 1828. 8vo, 
 pp. 384. 
 
 12. A Dissertation on Oaths. 1838. 12nio, pp. 100. 
 
 13. Observations on Legal and Judicial Oaths. 1846. 
 
 14. Essay on Baptism, showing that the Baptism of the Spirit, and not with 
 water, is the True Christian Baptism. 1839. 12mo, pp. 63. 
 
 15. Life of William Penn, in a series of Essays published in Tlie Friend, 1844 
 and 1845. 
 
 10. Friends' Review. A Religious, Literary, and Miscellaneons Journal. Ed- 
 ited by Enoch Lewis, in nine volumes, 1847 to 1866. Royal octavo, each 
 volume pp. 832. 
 
 See biographical sketch of Enoch Lewis. 
 
 Joseph J. Lewis. 
 
 Letters on the History of Chester County,— twenty-seven numbers,— published 
 in the Village Record, West Chester, Pa., from January to August, 18J4. 
 
 Anthony Bolmar. 
 
 1. A Collection of One Hundred Fables, with two Keys, one for the literal and 
 
 free translation, and the other for the pronunciation of the French text 
 Philadelphia. 12mo. 
 
 2. Les Adventures do T61§maque, par Tension, with a key for the Hteral and 
 
 free translation of the first eight books ; intended as a sequel to the Fables. 
 Philadelphia. 12mo. 
 
 3. A Collection of Colloquial Phrases, on every Topic necessary to maintain Con- 
 
 versation ; arranged under dilferent heads; with remarks on the Peculiar 
 Pronunciatiou and use of various words. The whole so disposed as consid- 
 erably to facilitate the acquisition of a correct 'pronunciation of the French 
 Philadelphia, 1830. lOmo. A new edition, revised and corrected, 185o! 
 16mo, pp. 208. Published by Lee & Blanchard. 
 
 4. A Complete Treatise on the Genders of French Nouns. 12mo pp 14 
 
 6. A Book of the French Verbs, both regular and irregular; with' numerous 
 notes and directions. Original edition, 1831 ; new edition, 1860. I'Jmo pp 
 173. Lee & Blanchard, Philadelphia. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 315 
 
 6. A Theoretical and Practical Grammar of the French Language. By M. de 
 
 Levlzac. "With nuraerous corrections, improvemonts, and additions, by A. 
 Bulmar, Principal of the West Chester Academy, and author of several 
 works to facilitate the acquirement of the French Language. First edition, 
 1834 ; fifth edition, corrected by the author, 1838. Philadelphia': E. L. 
 Carey & A. Hart. 12mo, pp. 467. 
 
 7. Key to the Exercises of the preceding Grammar. 
 
 8. The Institutes of Morality, for the instruction of Youth, with numerous 
 
 Scriptural references, by Questions and Answers. Translated by Eli K. 
 Price and A. Bolmar, 
 
 Anthony Bolmar, the author and translator of the foregoing works, 
 was for many years principal of the old West Chester Academy, and 
 subsequently of " Bolmar's School for Boys," in West Chester. Ho 
 educated many thousand boys, and his pupils wcro from almost every 
 section of the country, and from the West Indies and South America. 
 See biographical sketch. 
 
 Charles Miner. 
 
 1. Essays from the desk of Poor Robert the Scribe, containing LesHons in Man- 
 ners, Morals, and Domestic Economy. Oiiginally published in the Gleaner. 
 Duylestown : printed by Asher Miner, July, 1816. 12mo, pp. 120. 
 The author of these essays was Charles Miner, for many years editor, 
 and one of the proprietoi-s, of the Village Record, of West Chester, 
 and at one time a member of Congress from Chester County. One of 
 the essays in this volume, entitled "Who'll turn Grindstone?" con- 
 tains the original of the expression, " Ho has an axe to grind," an 
 e.vprossion which is world-wide, but of the origin of which very few 
 have any knowledge. The essay represents a boy persuaded by flat- 
 tering words to turn grindstone for a man who wished to grind an 
 axe, and who, when it was done, was sent off without praise or reward, 
 with a reprimand for playing truant, The writer of the essay moral- 
 izes upon incidents in real life, and closes each thought with the 
 expression, "Thinks I to myself, he has an axe to -grind." 
 1 . History of Wyoming, in a Series of Letters, from Charles Minor, to his son 
 William Penn Miner, Esq.. with an Appendix, containing The Hazleton 
 Travellers; or, numerous Pereonal and Family Sketches of the ancient Suf- 
 ferers, together with various incidental and illustrative matter, by Charles 
 Miner, including a description of the Monument, and a Ballad on the ter- 
 rible Massacre of 1778, written immediately after the event. Philadelphia, 
 1845. 8vo, pp. 504, with maps and other illustrations. 
 
 This is the standard history of the far-famed Wyoming Valley, and 
 leaves but little to be gleaned by the future historian in that field. 
 
 William Darling^ton, lU.D. 
 
 1. Flomla Ce^trica: An Essay towards a Catalogue of the Phseoogamous Plants, 
 
 native and naturalized, growing in the vicinity of the Borough of West 
 Chester, in Chester Co., Pa. : with brief notices of their properties, and uses, 
 in medicine, rural economy, and the arts. To which is subjoined an Appen- 
 dix of the Useful Cultivated Plants of the same district. By William Dar- 
 lington, M.D. West Chester, Pa : printed for the author, by Simeon Sieg- 
 fried, 1826. Large octavo, pp. 152, illustrated. 
 
 2. Flora Cestricar An attempt to enumerate and describe the flowering and 
 
 filicoid Plants of Chester County, in the State of Pennsylvania. By William 
 Darlington, M.D., President of the Chester County Cabinet of Natural Sci- 
 ence, Member of (he American Philosophical Society, Correspondent of the 
 Academy of Natural Sciences, at Philadelphia, and of the Lyceum of Nat- 
 ural History, at New York, etc. West Chester, Pa. : printed for the author, 
 by Simeon Siegfried, 1837. 12mo, pp. 640, with a map of Chester County. 
 This was a new or second edition of the "Florula Cestrica," much 
 enlarged and greatly improved, and extending over the county. The 
 arrangement is on what is known as the Linngean system. 
 
 3. Flora Cestrica: An Herborizing Companion for the Young Botanists of Ches- 
 
 ter County, Stale of Pennsylvania, By William Darlington, M.D., LL.D. 
 " Ore trahit quodonnqne potest, atque addit acervo."— Hoeatius. 
 " From giant Oaks, that wave their branches dark, 
 To the dwarf Moss that clings upon their bark." — Darwin. 
 Third edition. Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1853. 12mo, pp. 498, 
 with a map of Chester County. 
 This edition is revised and reconstructed throughout, according to 
 the natural method, which seems to be the system most generally 
 adopted by scientific botanists of the present day. The author has 
 added five valuable and instructive discourses on the subject of botany. 
 The first edition is dedicated to the Rev. Lewis D. V. Schweinitz, of 
 Bethlehem, Pa., and the second and third editions to the *' cultivators 
 of botanical science in the county of Chester." 
 
 4. BeliquiEB Baldwinianse: Selections from the correspondence of the late Wil- 
 liam Baldwin, M.D., Surgeon in the U. S. Navy, with occasional notes, and 
 a short biographical memoir. Compiled by William Darlington, M.D. 
 Philadelphia: Kimber & Sharpies, 1843. 12mo, pp. 347, with portrait of 
 Dr. Bald'wiu. 
 
 Dr. Baldwin was a devoted student of botany, and possessed an 
 extensive knowledge of the science. He maintained a correspondence 
 with the eminent and accomplished botanists, Dr. Henry Muhlenberg, 
 of Lancaster, and Dr. William Darlington, of West Chester, and with 
 other scientists, large selections from which are here given. The 
 volume is enriched with a memoir of Dr. Baldwin and valuable anno- 
 tations. See biographical sketch of Dr. Baldwin. 
 
 5. Essay on the Development and Modifications of the External Organs of 
 
 Plants. By William Darlington, M.D. West Chester, Pa., 1839. 8vo, 
 pp. 38. 
 
 6. Agricultural Botany. An Enumeration and Description of Useful Plants and 
 
 Weeds which merit the notice or require the attention of American Agri- 
 culturists. By William Darlington, M.D. Philadelphia: J. W. Moore, 
 1847. 8vo, pp 270. The work is dedicated "to the young farmera of the 
 United States." 
 
 7. Aniericiin Weeds and Useful Plants, being a second and illustrated edition 
 
 of Agricultural Botany. By William Darlington, M.D. Kovised, with 
 additions, by George Thurbor, Professor of Botany, etc., in the New York 
 College of Pharmacy. New York : Orange Judd & Co., 1859. 8vo, pp. 400. 
 
 This volume, as stated on the title-poge, is a new edition of the 
 "Agricultural Botany," much enlarged and profusely illustrated. 
 
 8. Memorials of John Bartram and Humphry Marshall, with notices of their 
 
 botanical contemporaries. By William Darlington, M.D., LL.D., etc. With 
 illustrations. Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1849. Royal octavo, 
 pp. 585. 
 
 This volume contains biographical sketches of John Bartram and 
 Humphry Marshall, with such of their correspondence as could be 
 obtained at the date of the publication. 
 
 9. Sesqiii-Centeunial gathering of the Clan Darlington, containing the proceed- 
 
 ings of a meeting of the Darlington family at the old ancestral mansion near 
 West Chester, and a genealogical account of the descendants of Abraham 
 Darlington, the emigrant ancestor, 1853. 
 
 10. NotiB Cestriensos: Notices of Chester County Men and Events. 
 
 This was a series of biographical and historical papers, published in 
 the Village Record, at West Chester, Pa., in the years 1860-62, run- 
 ning through about one hundred numbers. They were the joint pro- 
 duction of Dr. Darlington and J. Smith Futhey, about two-thirds of 
 the numbers being written by the former, and one-third by the latter. 
 
 In addition to -the foregoing works. Dr. Darlington wrote a "His- 
 torical Sketch of the Origin and Progress of the Borough of West 
 Chester, Pa.," and an account of the famous "Mason and Dixon's 
 Line," for the "West Chester Directory," which was published by 
 Wood <fc James in 1857. They occupy sixty pages of that work. 
 He also wrote a number of papers and delivered addresses, principally 
 relating to agriculture and horticulture, which have from time to time 
 appeared in pamphlet form. 
 
 Ezra Michener, M.D. 
 
 1. A Retro.'spect of Early Quakerism, being extracts from the Kecords of Phila- 
 
 delphia Yearly Meeting and the Meetings composing it. To which is pre- 
 fixed an account of their first establishment. By Ezra Michener. Phila- 
 delphia: published by T. EUwood Zell, 1860. Large octavo, pp.434, illus- 
 trated. 
 This work gives an account of the settlement of the meetings of 
 the Society of Friends within the bounds of Philadelphia Yearly 
 Meeting; and the principles of Friends are illustrated by extracts 
 from the records of the Yearly and other meetings. Those who are 
 desirous of obtaining a knowledge of those principles can very readily 
 do so by an attentive perusal of this volume. 
 
 2. A Brief Exposition of the Testimony to Peace, as exemplified by the life and 
 
 precepts of Jesus Christ and the early Christians, and held by the Religions 
 Society of Friends. Compiled for the reader, by Ezra Michener, 1862. 
 12mo, pp. 34. 
 
 3. Christian Casket, or the Pearl of Great Price. 1869. 12mo, pp. 45. 
 
 This is the " Sermon on the Mount," combined from Matthew 
 and Luke, with a few notes. 
 
 4. Manual of Weeds, or The Weed Exterminator. 1872. Large 12mo, pp. 148. 
 
 William D. Hartman, M.D., and Ezra Michener, M.D. 
 
 Conchologia Cestrica. The Molluscous Animals and their Shells, of Chrater 
 County, Pa. By William D. Hartman, M.D., and Ezra Michener, M.D. 
 With numerous illustrations. " An undevout philosopher is mad." Phila- 
 delphia: Claxton, Eemsen & Haffelfinger, 1874. 8vo, pp. 104. 
 This is an elaborate treatise on the conchology of Chester County. 
 The authors have for many years made the science a study, and the 
 result of their investigations in that direction, so far as relates to 
 Chester County, is embodied in this volume. It is illustrated with 
 207 wood-cut figures of objects described in the work. 
 
316 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing work, Dr. Hartman has puhlished the 
 following papers: 
 
 1. On the Operciila of the Family Strepomatldse, in the American Jovamal of 
 
 Conchohgy. 
 
 2. A Bibliographical Catalogue of the Genus Partula Fernissac, with observa- 
 
 tious on the specicB, in the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 
 
 3. On the Duplicates of the Genus Partula Ferrussac, contained in the Museum 
 
 of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 4. Catalogue of the Genus Partula Ferrussac. Printed for the author, by F. S. 
 
 Hickman, West Chester, 18S1. 
 
 Jesse Kersey. 
 
 1. Lectures on Agiiculture, delivered before the Downingtown Society for the 
 
 acquisition and promotion of Natural Knowledge. By Jesse Kersey, West 
 Chester, Penn ; printed by Simeon Siegfried, 1828. 8vo, pp. 80. 
 
 2. A Treatise on the Fundamental Doctrines of the Christian Keligion, in which 
 
 are illustrtited the profession, ministry, worehip, and faiih of the Society of 
 Friends. By Jesse Kersey. Philadelphia, 1815. 8vo, pp. 142. 
 
 Various editions of this work have been published, one of them at 
 Concord, N. H., in 1818, and one by Joseph Painter, at West Chester, 
 Pa., in 1842. 
 
 3. A Narrative of the Life, Travels, and Gospel Laboi-s of Jesse Kersey, late of 
 
 Chester County, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: T. EUwood Chapman, 1851. 
 
 12mo, pp. 28S. 
 This last volume, in addition to a sketch of his life, embraces his 
 journal, and a number of essays and letters. 
 
 Thomas Woodward, 
 
 The Columbian Plutarch; or, An Exemplification of eevoral distinguished 
 Ameiican characters. By Thomas Woodward. Philadelphia: piloted for 
 the author, 1819. 12mo, pp. 312. 
 
 This work contains twenty-eight well-written biographical sketches 
 of persons connected with American history. The author resided in 
 "West Whiteland township, near the Boot tavei-n, and at the time the 
 book was written was a school-teacher. 
 
 Robert Bailey. 
 
 Life and Adventures of Kobert Bailey, from his infancy to December, 1821, in- 
 terspersed with anecdotes and religious and moral admonitions, written by 
 himself. Published in 1822. 
 
 The author was a native of Chester Co., Pa., a son of Mnj. William 
 Bailey, who fell in the battle of the Cowpens, in South Carolina, during 
 the Revolutionary war. He did not lead an upright life, and spent 
 Kiany years in jail, where this work was written. It is very scarce, 
 but the world is not the loser by reason thereof, 
 
 Jason M. Mahan. 
 
 The Private Instructor; or. Mathematics Simplified: comprising everything 
 necessary in arithmetic, book-keeping, conveyancing, mensuration, and 
 gauging to form and complete the man of business. The whole upon an 
 improved plan. Not only adapted to private instruction, but also to the use 
 of schools. By Jason H. lUahan, Mathematician, New Italy, Chester County, 
 Pennsylvania. Harrisburg, 1836. 12mo, pp. 304. 
 
 The compiler of this book, at the time of its publication, resided in 
 Sadsbury township, Chester County, and was a teacher in the public 
 schools of that township. It is a very useful book for persons engaged 
 in the ordinary occupations of life, containing as it does what is 
 stated on the title-page. 
 
 William Gibbons, M.D. 
 
 1. Tmth Vindicated. A series of letters in defenseof the doctrines of the Society 
 
 of Friends, originally written over the signature of " Vindex." Published 
 in Philadelphia in 1823. 8vo, pp. 158. 
 
 2. Exposition of Modern Scepticism. Originally published in Wilmington, Del., 
 
 1832. 8vo, pp. 50. 
 
 Dr. Gibbons also wrote an essay on the subject of "Slavery," issued 
 by the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of Friends about 1840 ; and an 
 essay on the "Culture of Silk," founded on experiments of his own, 
 an industry in which he took much interest. He also prepared and 
 read several essays on literary and scientific subjects before the Dela- 
 ware Academy of Science. (See sketch of the author.) 
 
 Rev, George I. Miles. 
 
 A Glance at the Baptists. By George I, Miles, Pastor of the Baptist Church, 
 West Chester, Pa. Printed by Heury S, Evans, West Chester, 1836. 18mo, 
 pp. 264. 
 
 This work is a condensed history of the Baptists in all the centuries 
 covered by ecclesiastical history, as relates to the denomination, and 
 is an abridgment of Benedict's "History of the Baptists,'' a highly- 
 esteemed work. 
 
 Jane Bettle. 
 
 Extracts from the Memorandums of Jane Bettle, with a short memoir respecting 
 
 her. Philadelphia: printed by Joseph and William Kite, 1843. 12mo, pp. 
 
 116. 
 
 Jane Bettle was a daughter of Thomas and Jane Temple, of Penns- 
 
 bury township, Chester County, and the wife of Samuel Bettle, of 
 
 Philadelphia, to whom she was married in 1802. She died April 13, 
 
 1840, in the sixty -seventh year of her age. This volume contains a 
 
 biographical sketch, the memorial of the Monthly Meeting of Friends 
 
 with which she was connected, and memorandums, in the nature of a 
 
 diary, made by her during the eight years preceding her death. 
 
 Halliday JacUson. 
 
 Civilization of the Indian Natives; or, A Brief View of the friendly conduct of 
 William Penn towards them in the early settlement of Pennsylvania; the 
 subsequent care of the Society of Friends in endeavoring to promote peace 
 and friendship with them by pacific measures; and A Concise Narrative of 
 the Proceedings of the Yearly Meeting of Friends, of Pennsylvania, New 
 Jersey, and parts adjacent, since the year 1795, in promoting their improve- 
 ment and gradual civilizatiuu. By Halliday Jackson. Philadelphia, 1830. 
 Large octavo, pp. 120. 
 
 Theophilus F. KIoz, M.D. 
 
 The Family Physician, a work on domestic medicine. Published in 1837. 
 
 The author was a Grerman botanic physician, residing and practic- 
 ing his profession in West Chester at the time the above work was 
 prepared and published. 
 
 Dr. William Johnston. 
 
 The Good Samaritan ; or, Sick Man's Friend : containing the Botanic Medical 
 Practice necessary for the removal of all curable forms of disease, in strict 
 accordance with the soundest' principles of philosophy and common sense; 
 intended as a Pocket Companion for Thomsoiiians, and all others who would 
 wish to prevent or cure their own diseases. By Dr. William Johnston, of 
 Chester County, Pa. " Nothing extenuate, nor aught set down in malite." 
 Philadelphia, 1841. 18mo, pp. 288. 
 The author of this work resided in East Marlborough township, 
 
 Chester County. 
 
 Gen. Josiah Harlan. 
 
 1. A Memoir of India and Avghanistann, with observations on the present state 
 
 and future prospects of those countries, with portrait of Dost Mahomed, 
 and maps. By Gen. Josiah Harlan, late Counselor of State, Aide-de-camp, 
 and General of the Staff to Dost Mahomed, Ameer of Cabul. Philadelphia, 
 1842. 8vo,pp.216. 
 
 2. Personal Narrative of General Harlan^s eighteen years^ residence in Asia, 
 
 comprising an account of the manners and customs of the Oriental nations 
 with whom the author has had official and familiar intercourse. 
 
 The last-mentioned work is still in manuscript. 
 
 Henry H. Tan Amringe. 
 
 The Seals Opened ; or, A Voice to the Jews. " And at midnight there was a cry 
 made, Behold, the Bridegroom cometh ; go ye out to meet him." — Matt. 
 XXV. 6. By Henry H. Van Amringe, Esq. Philadelphia: printed by T. K. 
 & P. G. Collins, 1840. 12mo, pp. 365. 
 
 Mr. Van Amringe was a native of Upper Oxford township, Chester 
 County. He was for many years a prominent member of the bar of 
 Chester County, and was deputy attorney-general for the county during 
 the administration of Governor Shulze. He became a zealous student 
 of the Scriptures, and this volume is an exposition of his religious 
 views. 
 
 Henry B, Pearson. 
 
 The Little Oratiir for Boys and Girls, in progressive lessons. Founded on Nature 
 as investigated hy Dr. James Bush iu bis '* Philosophy of the Human Voice." 
 To which are added American Pieces, Original and Selected. By a Teacher 
 of reading at the West Chester Academy {A. Bolmar's), West Chester, Penn. 
 Printed for the author, by Henry S. Evans, 1837. 12mo, pp. 108. 
 
 This work, as the title indicates, was written for the use of schools. 
 The author, Henry B. Pearson, was a teacher in the old West Chester 
 Academy, on Gay Street, at that time under the charge of Anthony 
 Bolmar. He subsequently removed to Philadelphia, and became a 
 member of the bar. In 1840 he published a work on the Constitution 
 of the United States, in the form of dialogues, for the use of schools. 
 
 Morris Mattson, lU.B. 
 
 1. The Patriot. A Story of the Bevolution. 
 
 This was u, serial story, published in the Literary Casket, a news- 
 paper published at the Yellow (now Chester) Springs in the year 1829. 
 
 2. Hours of Devotion. Translated from the German by Morris Mattson. The 
 
 second edition was published in Philadelphia,by James Kay, Jr., & Brother, 
 1835. 12mo, pp. 251. 
 
 The work was non-sec!arian in its character, and was very popular. 
 
/3, 
 
 (L^y 
 
 a.-r-t 
 
 r>C ^o 
 
BIBLlOaRAPHY. 
 
 317 
 
 3. Paul Ulric; or, the Adventures of an Entliusiafit. By Morris MattBon. New 
 
 York : Harper & Brothers, 1835. 12mo, pp. 216, 227. 
 
 This work contains the following dedication : 
 
 " To the Honorable Lewis MoLane : Dear Sir,— Luring your residence in Lon- 
 don as Minister near the Court of St. James, I Toceived much kindness and 
 attention at your liands,— 1 was a wanderer in a strange land, and you were 
 to me as a father. Permit nie, therefore, to inscribe these -volumes with 
 your name, as a slight testimonial of my respect and esteem. Very truly, 
 the Author. Fliiladelphia, April, 1835." 
 
 4. The American Vegetable Practice ; or, A New and Improved Guide to Health. 
 
 Designed for the use of Families. In six parts. By Morris Mattson, M.D. 
 
 This worlc passed through two editions. The second was published 
 in Boston in 1845, two volumes in one. 8vo, pp. 730. One of its 
 prominent features is the description of our indigenous medicinal 
 plants, which have since become popular in all medical ranks. Many 
 of the plants are illustrated with colored lithographs, and this work 
 has the credit of being the first one in the United States ever published 
 with colored lithography. 
 
 Dr. Mattson has, in addition to the foregoing, published a large 
 number of smaller medical works, including numerous pamphlets, 
 many of them intended to explain the uses of domestic and surgical 
 instruments invented by bim. 
 
 Dr. Mattson was born in East Goshen township, iind received his 
 early education at the old school-house near Goshen Friends' Meeting. 
 He resided for a number of years in West Chester, and for a time was 
 editor and proprietor of the Literary Gasket, which he purchased and 
 removed from the Yellow Springs to "West Chester. He is now and 
 has been for some years a resident of the city of New York. 
 
 Bayard Taylor. 
 
 The following is a complete list of the published works of this 
 author : 
 
 Ximena ; or, the Battle of the Sierra Morena, and other poems. Philadelphia, 
 1844. 
 
 Views Afoot; or, Europe Seen with Knapsack and StaflT, with a Preface by 
 N. P. Willis. New York, 1846 ; last edition, 1869. London, 1849. Ten years 
 after its publication this work had reached its twentieth American edition. 
 
 Rhymes of Travel, and California Ballads. New York, 1848. Second edition, 
 1849. 
 
 Eldorado; or, Adventures in the Path of Empire, comprising a voyage to 
 California via Panama, etc. New York, 1850. London, 1850. Eighteenth 
 American edition. New York,T862; new edition, 1869. Allibone notices 
 that of this work 10,000 copies of the first edition were sold in twelve days, 
 and in England 30,000 copies, of various forms and editions, were sold within 
 a few years. 
 
 The American Legend. A poem, delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa 
 Society of Harvard University in 1850. 1850. 
 
 Book of Romances, Lyrics, and Songs. Boston, 1851. 
 
 A Journey to Central Africa; or. Life and Landscape from Egypt to the 
 Negro Kingdom of the White Nile. New York, 1854. London, 1864. 
 Eleventh American edition. New York, 1862; new edition, 1869. Was 
 translated into German, and published at Leipsic. 
 
 The Lands of the Saracens; or. Pictures of Palestine, Asia Minor, Sicily, and 
 Spain. 1854. London, 1855. Twentieth American edition. New York, 1862; 
 new edition, 1869. 
 
 A Visit to India, China, and Japan in the Year 1853. New York, 1856. Lon- 
 don, 1855. Sixteenth American edition. New York, 1862; new edition, 
 1869. Nob. 7, 8, and 9 contain the results of the author's travels in 1851-53. 
 
 . Poems of the Orient. Boston, 1855. Fifth edition before 1861 ; new edition, 
 1862. 
 
 . Poems and Ballads. New York, 1854. Contains portrait of the author by 
 Thomas Buchanan Read. 
 
 , Poems of Home and Travel. Boston, 1865 ; 1862. 
 
 . Northern Travel: Summer and Winter Pictures: Sweden, Denmark, and 
 Lapland. London, 1857. New York, 1858; 1869. London, 1869. These 
 were letters originally contributed to Tlie Tnbme. Tlie title-pages of the 
 London and New York editions differ. Translated into German and 
 Swedish. 
 
 , Travels in Greece and Russia, with an Excursion to Crete, 1869. London, 
 1859. New York, 18C9. The portion relating to Greece alone was trans- 
 lated into German by Mrs. Taylor, and published at Leipsic. 
 
 , At Home and Abroad. A Skefch-Book of Life, Scenery, and Men. New 
 
 ■ York, 1869; 1869. Second series, 1862. London, 1862. 
 
 . The Poet's Journal. Boston and London, 1862. Characterized as " a poeti- 
 cal domestic autobiography." 
 
 Hannah Thurston. A Story of American Life. New York, 1863. Four- 
 teenth thousand, 1864. London, 1863: 1864. In Russian, St. Petersburg, 
 1864. In German, translated by the author's wile, Mrs. Marie Taylor, 
 daughter of Professor Hansen, the eminent astronomer, Hamburg. 1864. 
 
 John Godfrey's Fortunes. Related by himself. A story of American life. 
 New York, 1864. Ninth thousand, 1865. London, 1864. In German, 1865. 
 Translated by Mrs. Taylor. 
 
 19. TheStory of Kennett. A Tale of American Life. New York, 1866. London, 
 1866. Translated into German by Mrs. Taylor, and published at Gotha. 
 
 20. The Picture of St. .lohn. A Poem. Boston, 1866. 
 
 21. Colorado. A Summer Trip. New York, 1867. London, 1867. 
 
 22. Frithiof's Saga; from the Swedish of Esais Tegn er. Bishop of Wexio. By 
 the Rev. W. L. Blakely. Edited by Bayard Taylor. New York, 1867. 
 
 23. The Golden Wedding ; Joseph Taylor, Rebecca W. Taylor, October 15, 1868. 
 Privately printed ; 200 copies. Philadelphia, 1868. Contains a short ad- 
 dress by Mr. Taylor, and a masque composed for the occasion ; also a poem 
 by Mr. Stoddard, and another by Mr. Boker. 
 
 24. By-Ways of Europe, 1869. London, 1869. 
 
 26. Auerbach's Villa on the Rhine. Author's edition, with a Biographical 
 Sketch by Bayard Taylor, and portrait. New York, 1869. 
 
 26. The Ballad of Abraham Lincoln. With illustrations by Sol Bytinge, Jr. 
 Boston, 1869. 
 
 27. Illustrated Library of Travel, Exploration, and Adventure. Edited by Mr. 
 Taylor. New York, 1872-74. 
 
 28. Goethe's " Faust," Parts I. and II. Translated into English verse, with a 
 reproduction of the original metres. Boston, 1870-71. Acknowledged by 
 competent critics to be the best English translation, and to rank with the 
 best works of the class in the language. 
 
 29. Joseph and His Friend. New York, 1870. Translated into German, and 
 published at Berlin. 
 
 30. The Masque of the Gods. Boston, 1872. 
 
 31. Beauty and the Beast, and Tales of Home. New York, 1872. 
 
 32. Lars. A Pastoral of Norway. 1873. 
 
 33. Egypt and Iceland in the Year 1874, with an Account of a Visit to Fayoum. 
 New York, 1874. 
 
 34. The Prophet. A Tragedy. Boston, 1874. 
 
 35. School History of Gei-niany. New York, 1874. Translated into German by 
 Mrs. Taylor. Stuttgart, 1875. 
 
 36. Home Pastorals, Ballads, and Lyrics. Boston, 1875. 
 
 37. The National Ode. Read at PliilaUelphia, July 4, 1876. Heliotype fac-aitriUe 
 of the author's MS. Boston, 1876. 
 
 38. Buys of Other Countries. Stories for American Boys. New York, 1876. 
 Translated into German by Mrs. Taylor. Stuttgart, 1879. This was Mr. 
 Taylor's only book for young people, and contained his last work in prose. 
 
 39. The Echo Club, and other Literary Diversions. Boston, 1876. 
 
 40. Bismarck : his Authentic Biography. By George Hezekiel. Historical In- 
 troduction by Bayard Taylor. New York, 1878. 
 
 41. Prince Deukalion. Boston, 1878. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, he edited the following volumes : 
 
 1. Hand-book of Literature and the Fine Arts. Edited with George Ripley, 1852. 
 
 2. Cyclopedia of Modern Travel. Cincinnati, 1856. 
 
 And of the " Illustrated Library of Travel and Adventure," pub- 
 lished by Scribncrs in 1S72, he edited the following volumes: 
 
 3. Japan in our Day. 
 
 4. Travels in Arabia. 
 
 5. Travels in South Africa. 
 
 He was also the editor of 
 
 6. Picturesque Europe. Published by Appletons in three large quarto volumes, 
 
 1875-78. Pp. 488, 460, 491. 
 
 He also contributed 
 
 1. Notes on Loo-Choo and Japan in the Narrative of Perry's Expedition. 
 
 2. Notes to Voices of the Press. New York, 1860. 
 
 3. Introduction to B. H. Stoddard's Life, Travels, and Books of Alexander vou 
 
 Humboldt. New York, 185U. 
 
 He was also a constant writer for the magazines and reviews, and 
 of his contributions to these, the Atlantic Monthly received forty- 
 seven; Harper's Monthly Matiazlne, eight; North American Review, 
 three; and Seribner's Monthly, four. 
 
 Uniform editions of his books of travel have been published by G. 
 P. Putnam, in live volumes, 1855; in six volumes, 1858; in eight 
 volumes, 1859; in two editions, the " Caxton'' and the "Household,'' 
 each in ten volumes, in 1862 and in 1869. A collected edition of the 
 poems was issued by Fields, Osgood & Co., Boston, 1866, and of the 
 novels by Putnam & Son, New York, 1871. Other editions of his 
 works have been and are being issued, one of them called the " Ken- 
 nett" edition. 
 
 At the time of his death he was collecting materials for a combined 
 biography of Goethe and Schiller. 
 
 Since the death of Mr. Taylor a work has been issued from the 
 press, edited from his unpublished manuscripts by his widow, Mrs. 
 Marie Taylor, entitled "Studies in German Literature," by Bayard 
 Taylor, with an introduction by the Hon. George H. Boker. The ma- 
 terial of this volume consists of twelve lectures, originally prepared 
 for Cornell University. Mrs. Taylor is also editing for publication 
 another volume from his unpublished manuscripts, and a biography 
 of Mr. Taylor is also in the course of preparation. 
 
318 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Rachel Hunt. 
 
 Autumnal Fruits and Flowers. Being the Effusions of a reflecting mind in the 
 decline of life. By Rachel Hunt. Philadelphia, 1843. 12mo, pp. 168. 
 
 This work was designed to preserve in ". permanent form some of 
 the narratives and poetic productions of the author, and was printed 
 for the use of her children and relatives. Its contents are imbued 
 with a spirit of devotional piety. The author was a native of AVest- 
 town township^ Chester County. 
 
 Noble Heath. 
 
 A Treatise on Arithmetic; through which tho entire science can be most expe- 
 ditiously and perfectly learned without the aid of a teacher. Designed for 
 the use of schools and private students. By Noble Heath. "Deo generique 
 humano." Philadelphia: T. EUwood Chapman, 1855. 12mo, pp. 455. 
 
 This is a very full and complete treatise on the subject of arithmetic, 
 much more so than any work which had preceded it, and it is ques- 
 tionable whether any which have succeeded it are superior to it or as 
 good. 
 
 Barclay Fennock. 
 
 The Religion of the Northmen. By Rudolph Keyser, Professor of History in 
 the University of Norway. Translated by Barclay Pennock, Kennett Square, 
 and published in New York, 1854. 12mo, pp. 348. 
 
 See biographical sketch of Barclay Pennock. 
 Benjamin Naylor. 
 
 1. Naylor's System of Teaching Geography, adapted to Pelton's Outline Maps; 
 
 containing full and complete answers to all questions embraced in the work, 
 comprising much valuable, interesting, and descriptive matter not found in 
 any other school geography. By Benjamin Naylor. Philadelphia; T. Ell- 
 wood Cliapman, 1850. 8vo, pp. 144. 
 
 2. The Speedy Calculator, a System of Arithmetic designed to abridge the labor 
 
 of the learner and expand his intellectual faculties. By Benjamin Naylor. 
 12mo, 1849. 
 
 Rev. John Crowell. 
 Republics Established and Thrones Overturned by the Bible. By John Crowell, 
 Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, West Chester, Pa. Philadelphia: 
 John T. Lange, 24 South Second Street, 1849. 12mo, pp. 202. 
 
 Rev. James May, D.D. 
 
 Life and Letters of Rev. James May, D.D. By Rev. Alexander Shiras, A.M. 
 Philadelphia: Protestant Episcopal Book Society, 1224 Chestnut Street, with 
 portrait. 12mo, pp. 186, 
 
 Mr. May was a native of Chester County. 
 
 William Sloan Graham. 
 
 Remains of William Sloan Graham. Published by J. W. Moore. Philadelphia, 
 1849. 
 
 Mr. Graham was u, native of New London township, and at one 
 time principal of the New London Academy. This volume, besides 
 his writings, contains a memoir, written by his wife, of his religious 
 and literary life. The work is edited by Prof. George Allen. 
 
 George !Lippard. 
 
 * George Lippard was born near the Yellow (now Chester) Springs, 
 April 10, 1824, and died in Philadelphia about 1S54. He was the 
 author of a large number of tales and historical romances, of which 
 the following is a list of those published in book form: 
 The Ladye Annabel ; Herbert Tracy ; The Quaker City, in two parts ; Washing- 
 ton and his Generals; Paul Ardenheim; Memoirs of a Preacher ; Adonai, 
 the Pilgrim of Eternity ; Adrian, the Neophyte; Jesus and the Poor; The 
 Empire City ; The Nazurine; Blanche of Brandywine; Legends of Mexico; 
 The Rose of Wissahickon ; Bel of Prairie Eden ; Legends of the American 
 Revolution ; Slave-Catching in the Quaker City ; The Entranced ; M3'6teries 
 and Wisoiies of Philadelphia; New York, its Upper Ten and Lower 
 Million. 
 
 The greater part of these were published in Philadelphia, some of 
 them in New York. They appeared at different periods from 1842 to 
 1854. In addition to these, he was the author of numerous essays of 
 a historical and philosophical character, stories, sketches, etc., which 
 have never appeared in book form. His life and some of his writings 
 were also published in Philadelphia in 1855 in an octavo volume. 
 
 Professor Fordyce A. Allen. 
 
 . Professor Allen conducted a normal school and seminary in West 
 Chester from 1852 to 1864. During this period he devised and partly 
 prepared for the press a series of school geographies. They have been 
 published under the titles respectively of "Oral Geography," "Pri- 
 mary Geography," and "Comprehensive Geography." The first was 
 published by Cla.\ton, Remsen & Haffelfingerj and the other two by 
 J. B. Lippincott & Co., of Philadelphia. 
 
 Isaac P. Trimble, M.D. 
 
 Dr. Trimble was born in AVest Bradford township in 1804, and now 
 resides in the city of New York. He is noted for his love of fruit- 
 culture, and is the author of a work entitled "Insects Injurious to 
 Fruit and Fruit-Trees." • 
 
 Thomas Baldwin. 
 
 1. A Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer. Published by Lindsay & Blakiston, 
 
 Philadelphia, 1845. 8vo, pp. 550. 
 
 This was the joint work of Thomas Baldwin and his cousin, Dr. 
 Joseph Thomas, with some contributions from others, and appeared 
 under the name of "Thomas Baldwin, assisted by several other gen- 
 tlemen." Dr. Joseph Thomas was tho author of the system of pro- 
 nouncing geographical names contained in this volume, at its first 
 publication a department of literature but little cultivated, 
 
 2. A New and Complete Gazetteer of the United States. By Thomas Baldwin 
 
 and Joseph Thomas, M.D. Published by Lippincott, Grambo & Co., Phila- 
 delphia, 1854. Svo, pp. 1364. 
 
 3. A Complete Pronouncing Gazetteer, or Geographical Dictionary of th^ World. 
 
 By Joseph Thomas, M.D., and Thomas Baldwin, assisted by several other 
 Gentlemen, containing a notice and the pronunciation of nearly one hun- 
 dred thousand places. Published by Lippiucott & Co., Philadelphia, 1855. 
 Royal octavo, pp. 2174. 
 This work has'passed through several editions, and has been further 
 
 enlarged and improved, and is, in respect of completeness, accuracy, 
 
 and variety and extent of geographical informatioii, without an equal 
 
 in the English language. 
 
 Thomas Baldwin is a native of Chester County, and was born in 
 
 Downingtown, Aug. 9, 1807. He now resi4es in Philadelphia, and 
 
 was for many years engaged in school-teacjiing. 
 
 A Memoir. 
 
 Memoir and Letters of Gulielma M. Hoopes. Philadelphin, 1862. 12mo, pp. 
 114, with portrait. 
 
 The subject of this volume was the wife of Edward Hoopes, and a 
 daughter of David Townsend, fo^-merly cashier of the Bank of Chester 
 County. The book was printe^l for private circulation only, and is an 
 aifectionate tribute to the memory of a cultured and lovely Christian 
 woman. 
 
 Rev. William Newton. 
 
 Lectures on the First Two Viaions of the Book of Daniel. By William Ne\vton, 
 Kector of the Church pf the Holy Trinity, West Chester, Pennsylvania. 
 Philadelphia: William S. & Alfred Martien, 1859. 12mo, pp. 250. 
 
 These lectures are twelve in number, and were delivered to the 
 people of his charge, in West Chester, before their publication. 
 
 Morris Cope. 
 
 Some Authentic Extracts, with a few deductions and observations in relation to 
 the state of the Society of Friends. By Morris Cope. West Chester: E. F. 
 James, Printer, 1858. Svo, pp. 31. 
 
 William Whitehead. 
 
 1. Directory of the Borough of Chester for the years 1859-60, with a concise 
 
 history of the Borough from its first settlement to the present time, etc. By 
 William Whitehead, of West Chester. 1859. 12mo, pp. 108. 
 
 2. Directory of the Boroughs of Norristown and Bridgeport for the years 1860- 
 
 61, with a concise history of the Boroughs from their first settlement to the 
 pr^esent time, etc. By William Whitehead, 1860, 12mo, pp. 285. 
 
 3. Etuile, and Other Persona. By William Whitehead. 
 
 "If from society we learn to live, 
 *Tis solitudo should teach us how to die: 
 It hath no flatterers." — Btros. 
 
 Published for the author, by George F. Worrall, West Chester, Pa., 1872. 
 Svo, pp. 152. 
 
 Edmund C. Evans, M.D. 
 
 1. General Notions of Chemistry. By J. Folouze and E. Fromy. Translated 
 
 from the French by Ednmnd C. Evans, M.D. Philadelphia: Lippincott 
 Grambo & Co., 1854. Svo, pp. 439. 
 
 This work, the translator says, is intended for persons who, unac- 
 customed to scientific studies, wish to acquire a general knowledge of 
 chemistry and its principal applications. 
 
 2. Rural Economiet; devoted to Agriculture, Horticulture, and Rural Affaire. 
 
 Edmund C. Evans, Editor and Proprietor, West Chester. Chester County Pa 
 1SGI-U2. Pp.392. One volume, ocbivo. 
 
 Medical Society. 
 
 Transactions of the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania at its Annual 
 Session lield in West Chester, Pa., May, 1857. Svo, pp. 218. 
 In addition to the regular proceedings of the society, this volume 
 contains an interesting and instructive article on the " Topography 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 319 
 
 and Geology of Chester County," with a mop of the county exhibit- 
 ing its geological features, meteorological observations made at West 
 Chester for each day of the year 1866, and a plate showing the de- 
 termination of the latitude and longitude of West Chester. 
 
 Samuel Alsopr. 
 
 A Treatise on Surveying, in which the Theory and Practice are fully explained, 
 preceded by a short Treatise on Logarithm!!, and also a Compeadious System, 
 of Plane Trigonometry. The whole illustrated by numerous examples. By 
 Samuel Alsop, author of a " Treatise on Algebra." Philadelphia ; E. 0. & J. 
 Biddle & Co. 1857. 
 
 The author was a teacher. in the Westtown Boarding-School from 
 1853 to 1860, and this work was prepared and published while he was 
 thus engaged. It has passed through several editions. 
 
 Thomas Buchanan Read. 
 
 1. Poems. Boston, 1847. 12nio. 
 
 2. Lays and Ballads. Philadelphia, 1848. 12mo. 
 
 3. The Female Poets of America, with Portraits, Biographical Notices, and 
 Specimens of their writings. 1848. 8vo. Seventh edition, 1857. 8vo,pp.482. 
 
 4. The Pilgrims of the Greot St. Bernard. A Prose Eomance. Published in the 
 successive numbers of a magazine, 
 
 6. Poems. Illustrated by Keuney Meadows. Published in London, 1852. 8vo, 
 pp. 27S. A choice edition. 
 
 This volume was warmly commended by the English periodicals. 
 
 6. Poems. A new and enlarged edition. Published in Philadelphia, 1853. 8vo. 
 1864. 8vo, illustrated. 
 
 7. The New Pastoral. A Poem, 1866. 12mo. 1856. 12mo, pp. 250. 
 
 This is an elaborate composition. It consists of a series of thirty- 
 seven sketches of rural and domestic life, mostly of primitive sim- 
 plicity, and so truthful as to be not less valuable as history than at- 
 tractive as poetry. His life in Chester County in his earlier years 
 has evidently furnished some of the incidents of this poem. 
 
 8. The House by the Sea. A Poem. Philadelphia, 186C. 12mo, pp. 152. 
 
 9. Sylvia, or The Lost Shepherd : ao Eclogue, and other Poems. 1857. 12mo, 
 pp. 158, 
 
 Among the minor poems in this volume are " The Stayed Curse," 
 "The Blessed Dead," "Hero and Leander," "The Chamois-Hunter," 
 and "Twenty-one." 
 
 10. Rural Poems, London, 1857. 8vo, 
 
 11. Complete Poetical Works (including Sylvia, The House by the Sea, The New 
 Pastoral, etc,). Newly Revised, with Additions, Boston,-1860, 2vol8,, 16mo. 
 
 12. The Wagoner of the Allegheuies. A Poem of the Days of Seventy-Six. 
 Philadelphia, 1862, 12mo. 1868, 16mo, 
 
 13. A Summer Story, Sheridan's Ride, and other Poems, chiefly of the War, 1865. 
 8vo, pp. 154, Containing thirty-five poems, 
 
 14. Poems. Now and Enlarged Edition. 1865, 2 vols,, 16mo, 
 
 15. Good Samaritans, A Poem, Cincinnati, Small quarto, pp. 20. 
 
 Thomas Buchanan Bead was a true poet. He had a great command 
 of language, a vivid fancy, and a musical ear, and his poems have 
 the ring of sterling metal, and bear the superscription of genius. 
 
 Chester County may well be proud that she has given birth to Bay- 
 ard Taylor and Thomas Buchanan Bead. It needs no herald to pro- 
 claim their merits to the world. 
 
 Issacher Price. 
 
 School-Day Rhymes. By Issacher Price. Philadelphia, 1856, 12mo, pp, 125, 
 
 The volume is dedicated by the author to his " much-loved and ven- 
 erable friend and tutor, Jonathan Gause," Mr. Price resided in the 
 Great Valley. 
 
 Evan Pngh. 
 
 1. Miscellaneous Chemical Analyses. Inaugural Dissertation. Giittingen, 1856. 
 
 2. On the Sources of the Nitrogen of Vegetation, with special reference to the 
 
 question whether plants assimilate free or uncombiued Nitrogen. Phila- 
 delphia. Trans. II., 1861. 4to, pp, 150. 
 
 3. A Report upon a Plan for the Organization of Colleges for Agriculture and 
 
 the Mechanic Arts, with especial reference to the organization of the Agri- 
 cultural College of Pennsylvania, By Dr. E, Pugh, President of the Faculty. 
 1864. 8vo, pp, 35. 
 
 See biographical sketch of the author. 
 
 Benjamin and Jane Price. 
 
 The Golden Wedding of Benjamin and Jane Price, with Brief Family Record. 
 " Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing be lost." Philadel- 
 phia : J. B. Lippincott & Co,, 18G7, 12mo, pp, 48. 
 This volume contains an account of the golden wedding of Benja- 
 min and Jane Price, at the residence of their son. Dr. Jacob Price, in 
 West Chester, on June 12, 1867, with the addresses delivered and 
 poems read on the occasion ; also an account of their ancestry, and of 
 
 the descendants of Philip and Eachel Price, the parents of Benjamin 
 Price, and of Jacob and Mary Paxson, the parents of Jane Price. 
 
 Eli K. Price. 
 
 1, Memoir of Philip and Rachel Price. " Honour thy Father and thy Mother." 
 
 Philadelphia : printed for Eli K. Price and Philip M. Price, 1862, 12mo, pp, 
 192. 
 
 See biographical sketch. 
 
 2, Memorial of Our Daughter, for her child. Printed for Eli K. Price, 1862. 
 
 12mo, pp, 220. 
 
 This is a memorial of Bcbecca Embree Withers, daughter of Eli K, 
 and Anna E. Price, and wife of Hanson L. Withers, who was born 
 March 10, 1829, and died Jan. 17, 1861. Her child, Anna Eebecca, 
 for whom the memorial was written, was born Dec, 10, 1860. 
 
 3, Discourse on the Family as an Element of Government, Read before the 
 
 American Philosophical Society, January, 1864, Philadelphia, 1864. 12mo, 
 pp. 50, 
 
 4, Centennial Meeting of the Desceudants of Philip and Rachel Price. Phila- 
 
 delphia, 1864. 12mo, pp. 86. 
 
 5, Discourse on the Trial by Jury, Read before the American Philosophical 
 
 Society, May 1, 1863, Philadelphia, 1863. 12mo, pp, 24. 
 
 The last three papers are bound together in one volume. The cen- 
 tennial meeting of the descendants of Philip and Rachel Price was 
 held at the old homestead, in East Bradford, Chester County, oil July 2, 
 1864. A very full and interesting account of the family was read at 
 the meeting by Eli K. Price, Esq,, which is given in this volume, to- 
 gether with a list of the descendants, 
 
 6, Of the Limitations of Actions and Liens against Real Estate in Pennsylvania. 
 
 By Eli K, Price, Philadelphia. Kay & Brother, Law Booksellers, Publish- 
 era, etc. 1857. 8vo, pp. 392. 
 
 7, The Act for the Sale of Real Estate, By Eli K, Price, Philadelphia: Kay 
 
 & Brother, Law I'ublishers, etc, 187i, 8vo, pp, 194, 
 
 8, The History of the Consolidation of the City uf Philadelphia, By Eli K. 
 
 Price. Philadelphia : J. B, Lippincott & Co., 1873, 12uio, pp, 140. 
 
 Mr. Price is also the author of a number of essays and papers, 
 among thorn the following, read before the American Philosophical 
 Society, viz. : " Some Phases of Modern Philosophy," read Jan. 5, 
 1872; " Another Phase of Modern Philosophy'," read March 1, 1872 j 
 "The Glacial Epochs," read in March and April, 1876; and "Sylva- 
 culture," read in November and December, 1877. He also edited 
 the "Diary of John Pemberton" for the years 1877 and 1878 for the 
 Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia. 
 
 Kev. William E. Moore. 
 
 Digest of the Acts and Deliverances of the General Assembly of the Presbyte- 
 rian Church in the Uuited States of America, compiled by the order and 
 authority of the General Assembly, By Rev. William E. Moore. Philadel- 
 phia: Presbyterian Publication Committee, 1861. 8vo, pp. 634. 
 At the time of the preparation of this volume Rev. William E. 
 
 Moore was pastor of the Presbyterian Church of West Chester, Pa. 
 
 Mrs. Harriet F, Moore. 
 
 Loving Jesus Early, A Trae Life, " He will gather the lambs in His arms, and 
 carry them iu His bosom," Philadelphia: Presbyterian Publication Com- 
 mittee, 1808, 18mo, pp, 164. 
 
 The autlior is the wife of Rev. William E. Moore, formerly pastor 
 of the Presbyterian Church of West Chester, Pa,, and this volume is 
 a memoir of their daughter Sarah, who died at an early age. 
 
 James P. Wickersham, IiL.D. 
 
 1. School Economy, A Treatise on the Preparation, Organization, Employment, 
 
 Government, and Authorities of Schools, 1864, 12mo, pp, 381, 
 
 This work has been translated into the Spanish, French, and Jap- 
 anese languages. 
 
 2. Methods of Instruction. That part of the Philosophy of Education which 
 
 Treats of the Nature of the Several Brauchcs of Knowledge and the Methods 
 of Teaching them according to that Nature. 1865. 12nio, pp, 496. 
 
 3. The Common School Laws of Pennsylvania, and Decisions of the Superin- 
 
 tendent, with Explanations, Forms, etc. Revised and Arranged by James 
 P. Wickersham, Superiutondent of Public lustruction, Harrisburg, 1879. 
 18mo, pp. 307. 
 In addition to the foregoing works. Prof, Wickersham has prepared 
 and published iifteen volumes of " Pennsylvania School Reports," oc- 
 tavo, averaging about 340 pages each; also ton volumes " Pennsyl- 
 vania Orphans' School Reports," octavo, averaging about 112 pages 
 each. He has also written a large number of articles for magazines, 
 and many miscellaneous reports, lectures, essays, etc., mostly on edu- 
 cational subjects. He has been editor of the Pennsyhania School 
 Jmirnal from 1870 to the present time, now over ten years. 
 
320 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY", PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Edward H. Williamson. 
 
 1. The Scout. A Tale of the Revolution. 
 
 This tale was published serially in The Saturday Evening Post, 
 Philadelphia, in the year 1859. The scene is laid in Chester County, 
 chiefly in the neighborhood and east of Osborne's Hill and Chads' 
 Ford. 
 
 2. The Quaker Partisans. A Story of the Kevolution. By the author of "The 
 
 Scout," with illustrationB. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1869. 12mo, 
 pp. 291. 
 
 A second edition of this tale was published in the year 1876, under 
 the title of "Clayton's Rangers, or the Quaker Partisans." The 
 scene is laid in Chester County, along the Brandywine, principally in 
 the neighborhood of the old Taylor house and of Deborah's Rocks, 
 in East Bradford township. 
 
 It is a historical fact that in the early part of the war of independ- 
 ence members of the Society of Friends in Philadelphia, still claim- 
 ing to be "Friends," withdrew from the society and formed them- 
 selves into It separate body, under the title of the " Free Quakers." 
 They were in favor of the prosecution of the war, and in various 
 ways assisted in the great struggle. This story purports to relate the 
 doings of a company of cavalry known as the "Rangers," composed 
 of young men of the new society. 
 
 3. Philip Morton ; or, Adventures on the Pennsylvania Frontier. 
 
 This tale was published serially in The Saturday Evening Post in 
 the year 1866. The scene of the story is in and around the present site 
 of Harrisburg, having for its centre the old Harris block-house. 
 
 4. The Book of Deeds, containing "forms of deeds for each State and Territory, 
 
 with full acknowledgments fur husband and wife. By Edward H. William- 
 son, Conveyancer, 1877. 8vo, pp. 84. 
 
 5. The List of Notaries, contaiuing, in tabular form, the names of all the No- 
 
 taries Public in Philadelphia since 1871, with dates of commission. By Ed- 
 ward H. Williamson, 1879. 
 
 J. Gilbert Young, M.D. 
 
 Becords of the Toungs, comprising, in addition to much general information 
 respecting them, a particular and extended account of the posterity of 
 Niniau Young, an early resident of East Fallowfield township, Chester 
 County, Pa. Compiled from the best published and other sources, by J. 
 Gilbert Young, M.D. In two parts. Philadelphia: William S. Young, 34 
 North Sixth Street, 1869. 8vo, pp. 114. 
 
 Hon, James B. Everhart. 
 
 1. Miscellanies. By James B. Everhart. " Fruetra laborat, qui omnibus placere 
 
 studvt." West Chester: Edward F. James, 1862. 8vo, pp. 300. Steel en- 
 graving. 
 
 2. Poems. By James B. Everhart, author of a volume of Miscellanies. 
 
 " r,fuge: sedpoleras itUior esse domV* — Martial, Ep. 4. 
 Philadelphia; J. 3. Lippincott & Co., 1868. 8vo, pp. 144. Frontispiece on 
 steel, 
 
 3. The Fox Chase. By James Bowen Everhart, author of " Miscellanies and 
 
 Poems." Philadelphia: Porter & Coates, 1874. 12mo, pp. 36. Illustrated. 
 
 Dr. John W. Cooper. 
 
 Game Fowls; their Origin and History, with a description of the Breeds, Strains, 
 
 and Crosses; the American and Engliah modes of Feeding, Training, and 
 
 Healing; How to Breed and Gross, improving quality and preserving 
 
 feather; together with a description and tieatmont of all diseases incident 
 
 to Game Fuwis. By J. W. Cooper, M.D. West Chester, Pa., 1869. 8vo, p"p. 
 
 304. Illustrated. 
 
 Dr. John W. Cooper is a physician residing in West Chester. About 
 
 1859 he published a small work on the subject of which the above is 
 
 ji. new and enlarged edition, with illustrations. lie is thoroughly 
 
 qualified by experience for the task of preparing such a work, and 
 
 the knowledge and experience of Europe and America on the subject 
 
 are here given. 
 
 Daniel G. Brinton, M.D. 
 
 1. The Floridian Peninsula; its Literary History, Inilian Tribes, and Antiquities. 
 
 By Daniel G. Brinton, A.B. Philadelphia : published by Joseph Sabin, 1859. 
 Post 8vo, pp. 202. 
 
 This is a learned work on an interesting portion of American his- 
 tory and archaeology. There are numerous foot-notes, showing that 
 the author has thoroughly investigated the subject. 
 
 2. The Shawnees and their Migrations ; The Mound-Builders of the Mississippi 
 
 Valley; and Early Spanish Mining in Northern Georgia. Papers published 
 in the Sietorical Magazine for 18G6. 
 
 3. The Myths of the New World ; A Treatise on the Symbolism and Mythology 
 
 of the Bed Races of Ameiica. By Daniel G. Biinton, A.M., M.D., Member 
 of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, etc. New York : Leypoldt & Holt, 
 1868. Svo, pp. 307. 
 
 This is a work of rare interest to every one interested in ethnologi- 
 cal inquiries, and commends itself to the thoughtful of every class. 
 It has received the indorsement of learned critics, both at home and 
 abroad. The foot-notes are extensive and valuable. 
 
 4. A Guide-Book of Florida and the South, for Tourists, Invalids, and Emigrants, 
 
 with a map of the St. John River. By Daniel G. Brinton, A.M., M.D. 
 Philadelphia: George Maclean, 719 Sansom Street. Jacksonville, Florida : 
 Columbus Drew, 1869. 
 
 5. The National Legend of the Chahta-Mnskokee Tribes. By D. G. Brinton, 
 
 M.D. Morrisiania, N. Y., 1870. Octavo, pp. 13. 
 
 6. The Phonetic Alphabet of Yucatan. Siatorical Magazine for 1870. 
 
 7. Grammar of* the Choctaw Language. By the Rev. Cyrus Byington. Edited 
 
 from the original MSS. in the Library of the American Philosophical So- 
 ciety, by D. G. Brinton, M.D. Philadelphia, 1870. Octavo, pp. 56. 
 
 8. The Arawack Language of Guiana in its Linguistic and Ethnological Rela- 
 
 tions. Transactions of American Philosophical Society, 1871. 
 .9. Contributions to a Grammar of the Chahta-Muskokee Dialects. Proceedings 
 of American Philosophical Society, 1872. 
 
 10. The Religious Sentiment ; its Simrce and Aim. A Contribution to the Science 
 and Philosophy of Religion. By Daniel G. Brinton, A.M., M.D. New York : 
 Henry Holt A Co., 1876. 8vo, pp. 284. 
 
 11. The Brinton Family, 1878. Quarto, pp. 60, A limited number of copies 
 printed. 
 
 This is an interesting historical and genealogical record of the Brin- 
 ton family, and contains a sketch of its history in England, from the 
 origin of the name, about a.d. 1100, until the emigration of the first 
 settler to this country, 1684, a collection of all the information pre- 
 served about the first colonist, William Brinton, and his immediate 
 family, and u, genealogy of his descendants to and including the 
 seventh generation, with brief biographical notes. 
 
 Br. Brinton is also one of the authors of the Eclectic series of 
 geographies, published in Cincinnati, and has edited Naphey's " Ther- 
 apeutics" and various other medical works. 
 
 He is also editor of the Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Re- 
 porter, a weekly journal, and of the Compendium of Medical Science, 
 published half-yearly, and in his editorial position he has contributed 
 much to medical periodical literature. 
 
 In addition to his individual productions, Dr. Brinton published, in 
 connection with Dr. George H. Napheys, a work entitled "The Laws 
 of Health in Relation to the Human Form." By D. G. Brinton, M.D., 
 and George H. Napheys, M.D. Springfield, Mass. : W. J. Holland, 
 1870. 12mo, pp. 346. 
 
 This is a work on personal beauty and the means of preserving it, 
 written from the physician's point of view. 
 
 Nelson P. Boyer. 
 
 1. The Poultry Breeder's Manual. 1869. Svo, pp. 32. 
 
 2. The Hog Breeder's Manual. 18G9. 8vo, pp. 32. 
 
 3. The Sheep and Goat Breeder's Manual. 1869. Svo, pp. 32. 
 
 4. The Dairyman's Manual. 1869. Svo, pp. 40. 
 
 These manuals, giving information on the subjects of which they 
 treat, were published at Parkesburg, Chester County, where Mr. 
 Boyer was engaged in the raising and selling of stock of various kinds. 
 
 Gen. George A. McCall. 
 
 Lettera from the Frontier. Written during a period of thirty years' service in 
 the army of the United States. By Maj.-Gen. George A. McCall, late Com- 
 mander of the Pennsylvania Resen^e Corps. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott 
 & Co., 1868. Oc-tavo, pp. 539. 
 
 Gen. McCall was for many years a citizen of Chester County, and re- 
 sided in West Goshen township, about one mile from West Chester. 
 He was a graduate of West Point, and an officer in the regular army, 
 and these letters were written from the different posts where be was 
 stationed and from other points, and cover a period of thirty-one years 
 extending from 1822 to 1853. The letters are one hundred and five in 
 number, some of them of considerable length, as the size of the volume 
 will indicate, and convey a large amount of valuable information, 
 written in a pleasant and scholarly style. 
 
 Uev. Robert P. Du Bois. 
 
 A Record of the Families of Rohert Patterson (the Elder), Emigrant from Ire- 
 land to America, 1774; Thoma.^ Ewing, from Ireland, 1718 ; and Louis Du 
 Bols from France, 1660 ; connected hy the marriage of Uriah Du Bois with 
 Martha Patterson, 1798. 
 This is a series of three family records, the Patterson, the Ewing, 
 and the Du Bois, only the last two of which can claim authorship in 
 this county. The first— the record of the Patterson family— was writ- 
 ten by William Ewing Du Bois, of Philadelphia ; the others wer« 
 written as follows : 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 321 
 
 1. Kecord of tho Family of Thomas Ewing, who omigmteil from Ireland in 1718. 
 
 ISiIirion of 150 copies; priiiloil fnr the use of tho family connections only. 
 1858. 8vo, pp. 38. Written by Rev. Kobort Pattei-sou Du Bola, of New Lon- 
 don, Chester Cnunty. 
 
 2. Record of the Family of Louis Du Boia, who emigrated from Franco in IfiGO. 
 
 Edition of 15') copies ; printed fur tho u^o of the family connections only. 
 18G0. 8vo, pp. 76. 
 
 This is the joint production of Rev. Uobert P. Du Boia, of New Lon- 
 don, and William E. Du Bois, of Philadelphia. 
 
 These works are admirably adapted for what they are intended to 
 be, — repositories of facts that will interest members of the family. 
 The fullness of the biographical details, however, renders them quite 
 interesting to the general reader as well as to relatives. 
 
 Airs. M. J. Guthrie. 
 
 The Silver Lining; or Fair-Hopo Prospect. By Mrs. M. J. Guthrio, of Norwood, 
 Chester County. Philadolpbia, 1872. 12mo, pp. 203. 
 
 Howard VV. Gilbert. 
 
 Aldornere; A Pennsylvania Idyll. "Writteu by Howard W. Gilbert, and illus- 
 trated with nine original Etchings by Lloyd Mifflin, Jr. Philadclijhia: 
 John Peningtou & Son, 1872. Bvo, pp. 27. 
 
 The book is inscribed to Sydney Howard Gay. 
 
 Ann S. Paschall. 
 
 1. The Home Circle. By Ann S. Puschull. Friends' Book Association, 700 Arch 
 
 Street, Pliiludelphia, 1875, 12uio, pp. 200, with illustrations. 
 
 This is an interesting narrative, the first part of which was pub- 
 lished some thirty years previously, under the title of the ** Friend's 
 Pamily," in a 12mo volume of 92 pages. 
 
 2. Scripture Lessons for the Little Ones. " Suffer little children to come to mo, 
 
 and forbid them not, fur of such is the kingdum of Heaven." Friouds' 
 Publication Association, 1867. 18mo, pp. 132. 
 
 This book was written for the use of one of the classes in the West 
 Chester First-Day School of Friends. 
 
 Mrs. Isabella P. Huston. 
 
 Antumn Leaves. By Isabella P. Huston. Philadelphia: printed by Sherman 
 & Co., 1873. Small 8vo, pp. 181, with iliustratiuns. 
 
 This volume contains .about sixty well-written poems, chiefly on 
 subjects connected with home, and also some biographical and family 
 sketches, and was printed for the friends of the author. 
 
 Susan Lukens. 
 
 Gleanings at Seventy-Five. By Susan Lukens, of Ercildoun, Chester County. 
 Philadelphia: Porter & Cuates, 1873. 12mo, pp. 216. 
 
 This volume contains many interesting articles, both in prose and 
 poetry, written by the author at various periods during her life, and 
 collected by her, at the request of friends, for publication when she 
 had reached the age of seventy-five years. One of her poems, "The 
 Painter of Seville," is a very tine production. 
 
 Stephen F. Sharpies, S.B. 
 
 1. Chemical Tables. By Stephen P. Sharpies. Published by Sever & Francis, 
 
 Cambildge, Mass , 1866. 12mo, pp. 192. 
 
 This is the most valuable work of the kind extant, and of great 
 service to the student of chemistry. The author, a native of West 
 Chester, was graduated from the Lawrence Scientific School of Har- 
 vard University in 1866, and presented this work as his graduating 
 thesis. 
 
 2. Adulteration of Food. An article contributed to " Buck's Treatise on Hygiene 
 
 and Public Health," Published in 1879. The article contains 60 pages, 
 large 8vo. 
 
 Mr. Sharpies has also written a number of valuable papers, which 
 have been published in the American Journal of Science, American 
 Ckemistf and other scientific journals. He has held'suceessively the 
 positions of instructor in the Lehigh "University, at Bethlehem, Pa., 
 assistant to the professor of chemistry in the Lawrence Scientific 
 School of Harvard University, assistant editor of the Journal of 
 Chemistry, State assayer of Massachusetts, and is now one of the 
 special experts on the United States census, and is in business on his 
 own account as an analytical and consulting chemist in Boston. 
 
 John Edwards Leonard. 
 
 1. Early Poems. By J. Edwards Leonard, LL.D. New Orleans, 1871. Small 
 quarto, pp. 80. 
 
 This volume contains thirty-one poems, pure in conception and 
 graceful in expression, embracing translations from the French and 
 German, 
 
 41 
 
 2. Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States in Louisi- 
 ana Cases, with an appendix, containingashort treatise on the jurisilictiun 
 and practice of the Fuderal courts. Compiled and published in 1870. 
 
 Lewis Woodward, M.D. 
 
 Genealogy of tho Woodward Family, of Chester County, Pa., with an appendix, 
 giving a brief account of the Woodwards of some other portions of the 
 United States. Compiled by Lewia Woodward, M.D. Wilmington, Del., 
 1869. 8vo, pp. 115. 
 
 Isaac I. Hayes, M.D. 
 
 1. An Arctic Boat Journey in tho Autumn of 18S4. By Isaac I. Hayes, M.D., 
 
 Surgeon of the Second Griunell Expedition. Philadelphia: Lippincutt & 
 Co., 1800. 12mo, pp. 375. 
 
 A second edition, enlarged and illustrated, was published by Fields 
 & Osgood in 1869. 12mo, pp. 387. 
 
 Br. Hayes was a member of the Arctic exploring expedition com- 
 manded by Dr. Elisha K. Kane, which left New York in May, 1853, 
 and returned in October, ISoo, In the autumn of 1854 eight of the 
 members of the expedition — oflioers and men — made an attempt in 
 an open boat to reach Upernavik, in North Greenland, the nearest 
 outpost of civilization, but returned to the vessel, after an absence of 
 four months, without accomplishing their purpose. This volume gives 
 a graphic description of this laudable but perilous enterprise. It is 
 dedicated to the companions who shared with the author the fortunes 
 which it records. 
 
 2. The Open Polar Spa. A Narrative of a Voyage of Discovery towards tho 
 
 North Pole in the Schooner *' United States." By Dr. Isaac I. Hayes. New 
 York: Hurd & Houghton, 18G7. Largo octavo, pp. 454, with a portrait of 
 the author and numerous muj^s and illustrations. 
 
 An exploring expedition under command of Dr. Isaac I. Hayes left 
 this country in July, 1860, and returned in October, 1861. It reached 
 a point nearer the pole than any similar undertaking has done, either 
 before or since. This volume records its fortunes, and is dedicated to 
 William Parker Foulke. 
 
 3. The Land of Desolation : Being a Personal Narrative of Observations and 
 
 Adventure in Greenland. By Isaac I. Hayes, M.D. Illustrated. New York: 
 Harper & Brothers, 1872. 12mo, pp. 358. 
 
 This volume records a visit to Greenland, made in the summer of 
 1869, with a number of friends, in the steam yacht of William Brad- 
 ford, whose pictures of Arctic scenery have received deserved com- 
 mendation. Their range of the Greenland coast was more than one 
 thousand miles. 
 
 4. Cast Away in the Cold. An Old Man's Story of a Young Man's Adventures, as 
 
 related by Captain John Hardy, Mariner. By Dr. Isaac I. Hayes. Boston: 
 James B. Osgood & Co., 1875. 8vo, pp. 263. Illustrated. 
 
 This is a book for young persons. Much valuable information is 
 given in the form of a narrative of his adventures by an old mariner 
 to a group of listening children. 
 
 In addition to these works. Dr. Hayes has written a number of 
 valuable papers, which have been published at different times. 
 
 J. Smith Futhey. 
 
 1. History of the Upper Oclorara Presbyterian Church, Chester Co., Pa. 1870. 
 
 8vo, pp. 184. 
 
 2. History of Educational Institutions of Chester County. 1877. 8vo, pp. 17. 
 
 Being report for the county, publieihed iu the Report of the Superintendent 
 of Public Instruction for 1877. 
 
 3. Historical Address on One Hundredth Anniversary of the Paoli Massacre, 
 
 giving au account of the operations of the armies of the Revolution — 
 British and American — on the soil of Chester County. 1877. 8vo, pp. 54, 
 with map. 
 
 J. Smith Futhey and Gilbert Cope. 
 
 1. History of Chester County, in Dr. William H. Egle's * ' History of Pennsylvania." 
 
 1876. Large octavo, occupying 30 pages of tliat work. Illustrated with 
 seven engravings. 
 
 2. History of Chester County, 1881. Quarto. Published by L. H. Everts, 
 
 Philadelphia. Illustrated. 
 
 Gilbert Cope. 
 
 1. A Kecord of the Cope Family, as established in America by Oliver Cope, who 
 
 came from England to Pennsylvania about the year 1682, with the resi- 
 dences, dates of births, deaths, and niamages of his descendants as far as 
 ascertained. By Gilbert Cope. Philadelphia, 1801. 8vo, pp. 251. 
 
 2. Genealogy of the Button Family of Pennsylvania. Preceded by a history of 
 
 the family in England, from the lime of William the Conqueror to the year 
 1GU9 ; with an appendix containing a short account of the Duttons of Con- 
 necticut. Compiled by Gilbert Cope. West Chester, Pa., 1871. 8vo, pp. 
 112. Illustrated. 
 
322 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 3. The Browns of Nottingham, hoing an account of the emigrant settlers of that 
 name in the Nottingham settlement, aad the genealogy of some of their 
 descendants. 1864. 8vo, pp. 24. 
 
 Mr. Cope also furnished valuable material for the " Kirk," " "Wood- 
 ward," " Jackson," and " Palmer and Trimble" genea-logies, and also 
 prepared, in manuscript, an abstract of Erionds* records in Chester 
 County, and in York and Adams Counties, of births, deaths, and mar- 
 riages. These abstracts are contained in two folio and six quarto 
 volumes in the library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Cyrus Sterne. 
 
 Sterne and McFarlar, of Chester County, Pa., and Now Castle, Delaware. By 
 Cyrus Sterne. Wilmington, Del. 
 
 This is a historic genealogy of the families of Sterne and McFarlan, 
 now in course of preparation. 
 
 LeAvis Palmer. 
 
 A Genealogical Record of the Descendants of John and Mary Palmer, of Con- 
 cord, Chester (now Delaware) Co., Pa. ; especially through their son, John 
 Palmer, Jr., and sons-in-law, AVjlliam and James Trimble, with notes of 
 ancestry or information of many of the families with whom they interniar- 
 ried. By Lewis Palmer. Illustrated with views, Portraits, and Autographs. 
 Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1873. 8vo, pp. 474. 
 
 This is a very complete and valuable genealogical work. Its author 
 resides in Delaware County, but the volume contains the genealogical 
 records of a great number of Chester County families. 
 
 Mrs. Sara Louisa Oberholtzer, 
 
 Yiolet Lee, and other Poems. By Mrs. S. L. Oberholtzer. Philadelphia : J. B. 
 Lippincott & Co., 1873. 12mo, pp. 143. 
 
 The author, a, daughter of the late Paxson Vickers, resides near 
 Cambria Station, Chester County. The poems in the volume are 
 seventy-two in number, and evince poetic talent of no ordinary de- 
 gree. Since their publication she has written additional poems of 
 great merit, among them the beautiful and appropriate dirge sung at 
 the burial of Bayard Taylor in Longwood Cemetery. 
 
 Capt. William Hemphill Bell. 
 
 The Quiddities of an Alaskan Trip. By W. H, Bell, Captain C.S., U.S.A. Port- 
 land, Oregon, 1873. Pp. 70. 
 
 Capt. Bell is a son of Hon. Thomas S. Bell, formerly president 
 judge of the courts of Chester County, and also a judge of the Su- 
 preme Court. He is a graduate of West Point, and an officer in the 
 United States army. In 1873 he was stationed in Alaska, and this 
 volume is a humorous pictorial representation of his experience on his 
 trip to his post. It contains sixty-one plates, from drawings made 
 by himself, which show that he holds the pencil of a skillful atid ac- 
 comjDlished artist. 
 
 Kirk Family. 
 
 Historic Genealogy of the Kirk Family, as established by Roger Kirk, who 
 settled in Nottingham, Chester County, Province of Pennsylvania, about the 
 year 1714. Containing impartial biographical sketches of his descendants, 
 so far as ascertained; also a record of two hundred and nine of the de- 
 scendants of Alphonsus Kirk, who migrated from Lurgan, North Ireland, 
 and settled in the county of New Castle, Delaware. By Charles H. Stubbs, 
 M.D., Corresponding Member of the Maryland Academy of Science, etc. 
 Lancaster, Pa., 1872. 8vo, pp. 252. 
 
 This volume contains the names of nearly twenty-five hundred of 
 the descendants of Roger Kirk, and of two hundred and nine of the 
 descendants of Alphonsus Kirk. It has been very carefully prepared, 
 and is a valuable contribution to Pennsylvania historic-genealogical 
 literature. 
 
 Watson W. DcAvees. 
 
 A Brief History of Westtown Boarding School, with a general Catalogue of 
 Officei-s, Students, etc. Compiled chiefly from minutes of Committee in 
 charge, and the Records preserved at the Institution. By Watson W. De- 
 wees. 1872. 8vo, pp. 342. 
 
 Westtown Boarding-School is an institution for the education of the 
 children of members of the Society of Friends. ^ It was organized in 
 1799, and up to the date of the publication of this volume 4195 boys 
 and 5370 girls had received their education there. This history and 
 record is interesting and valuable, not only to those who have been 
 teachers and scholars, and to members of the society, but to all who 
 talie an interest in historical inquiries and the cause of education. 
 
 Rebecca Conard. 
 
 Poems. By a Friend. West Chester, Pa.: F. S. llickman, Printer and Pub- 
 lisher, 1875. 12mo, pp. 130. 
 
 These poems are one hundred and one in number, and are of various 
 length, from two to twenty stanzas. The author resided in West 
 Chester, and was a sister of the late Jesse Conard, Esq. She died in 
 1875, and the volume was published after her decease. 
 
 Abram D. Harlan. 
 
 Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention, 1872 and 1873; its members and of- 
 ficers, and the result of their labors. By A. D. Harlan, Second Assistant 
 Clerk of the Convention. 1873. 12mo, pp. 176. 
 This volume contains a history of the convention, together witli 
 biographical sketches of all the members and officers, and the results 
 of their labors. 
 
 Mary Ann Moore, 
 Musings of a Blind and Partially Deaf Girl. By Mary Ann Moore. Philadel- 
 phia: J. B. Lippincott & Co,, 1873. 12mo, pp. 144. 
 This volume contains seventy poems and fourteen articles in prose. 
 
 Howard Fainter. 
 
 Vienna International Exhibition, 1873. Report on the Metallurgy of Lead, Sil- 
 ver, Copper, and Zinc. By Howard Painter, Honoiary Conmiissioneruf the 
 United States. Washington : Government Priutiug-OflBce, 1875. Royal 
 octavo, pp. 237, with plates and illustrations. 
 This is a learned and valuable report, the work of one well quali- 
 fied for the task. Mr. Painter was a native of West Chester, Pa., the 
 son of Samuel and Ann V. Painter, and by profession a mining engi- 
 neer. He died in 1876, at San Francisco, Cal., at the age of twenty- 
 four years. 
 
 Frank H. Stauffer. 
 Toward Sunset, and Other Poems. " Mere amber beads at random strung " By 
 Frank H. Stauffer, Author of " Dorian tlie Scout," " Nameless Nan," *' Mis- 
 sionai-y Madge," "Fanchet the Fawn," " Sacrificing Iier Fortune," etc., etc. 
 Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1876. 12nio, pp. 123. 
 
 John Vanderslice. 
 
 Sketches of Travel Through Many Lands and Over Many Seas. By John Van- 
 derslice. Piinted by J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia, 1876. 8vo, pp. 
 324. 
 The author of this volume resides in Phoenixville, and has traveled 
 extensively both in Europe and America. At the age of seventy-four 
 years he made a tour around the world which occupied seven months. 
 This book describes his various travels. 
 
 Levi K. Brown. 
 
 An Account of the Meetings of the Society of Friends within the limits of Bal- 
 timore Yearly Meeting, time of holding the same, and means of access 
 thereto. Illustrated by a Map showing the location of the different meet- 
 ings. By Levi K. Brown, 1875. ICmo, pp. 04. 
 
 Mr. Brown was for many years a resident of Chester County, and 
 the territory embraced within the limits of Baltimore Yearly Meeting 
 includes a portion of Chester County. 
 
 John Luther Ringwalt. 
 
 1. American Encyclopaedia of Printing. Edited by J. Luther Bingwalt. Phila- 
 
 delphia, 1S71. Svo. Numerous illustrations. 
 
 2. The Diiler Family. By J. Luther Riugwalt. 1877. Quarto, pp. 56. 
 
 Mr. llingwalt, the author of these volumes, is a son of the late Col. 
 Samuel Riugwalt, of Downingtown. '*The Diiler Family" is a very 
 full and interesting historic-genealogical account of the descendants 
 of Caspar Diiler, who emigrated to this country about the year 1729 
 and settled in Lancaster Co., Pa. The family is now quite extensive, 
 and many of its members have filled eminent positions both in church 
 and State. The Riugwalt family of Chester County are descended 
 from Caspar Diiler. 
 
 Maj. Isaiah Price. 
 
 Histoiy of the Ninety-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry 
 during the War of the Rebellion, 1861-65, with biographical sketches of its 
 field- and staff-officers, and a complete record of each officer and enlisted man . 
 Prepared at the request of the Regiment by Isaiah Price, D.D.S., Mjyor 
 Niuety-seventh Peuna. Vols., and Brevet Colonel U. S. Vols. Illustrated 
 with steel portrait, engravings, and wood-cuts. Philadelphia; published by 
 the author for the subscribers, 1875. Royal Svo, pp. 610. 
 ■This volume is without doubt by far the most complete regimental 
 history ever prepared and published. The text contains a fullness of 
 detail which leaves nothing more to be said of the operations of the 
 regiment or of the personnel of its members. The work contains seven 
 steel portraits and sixty-three wood-cuts. Of the companies com- 
 posing the regiment, seven were recruited in Chester County and 
 three in Delaware County. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 323 
 
 Jane W. Bruner. 
 
 Free Prisoners. A story of Calift)niia life. By Jane W. Bruner. 12mo, pp. 258. 
 Philadelphia: Claxton, Itenisen & IlafiTelfiiiger, 1877. 
 
 The author is a native of Chester County, and the volume is dedi- 
 cated to her friends in Downingtown. 
 
 Thomas Maxwell Potts. 
 
 1. A Shoi-t Biographical Sketch of Major James Potts, born 1752, dierl 1822. To 
 
 which is appended copies of tlie most important papers relating to him, and 
 two ancestral chaits. By Thomas Maxwell Potts, Cauoueburg, Pa. Printed 
 privately by the author, 1877. 12mo, pp. 85. 
 
 This is an interesting biographical and genealogical work. The sub- 
 ject of it, Maj. James Potts, was «, citizen of West Fallowfield (now 
 Highland) township, Chester County. He was in the battles of 
 Brandywine and Germantown, and in other engagements. 
 
 2. Bi-Centenary Memorial of Jeremiah Carter, wlio canio to the Province of 
 
 Pennsylvania in 1G82, containing a Historic Geuoalugy of his Descendants 
 down to the present time. By Thomas Maxwell Potts. 
 
 This work is (1881) in course of preparation, and will contain a, 
 very full pedigree of the descendants of one of the earliest English 
 pioneers of Pennsylvania, with interesting incidents and biographical 
 sketches. The volume will contain not less than 350 or 400 pages. 
 
 Samuel W. Fennypacker. 
 
 1, Annals of Phcenixville and its Vicinity, from the settlement to the year 1871, 
 
 giving the origin and growth of the Borough, with information concerning 
 the adjiu:eut townships of Chester and Montgomery Counties uud the Valley 
 of the Schuylkill. By Samuel Whitaker Pennypacker, Esq., Member of 
 the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Member of the Academy of Natural 
 Sciences of Philadelphia, and former President of the Law Academy of Phil- 
 adelphia. 1872. Large 8vo, pp. 295, with maps and illustrations. 
 
 2. The Pennypacker Reunion, October 4, IS77. "Call to remembrance what 
 
 acts our fathers did in their time."— Maccabees ii. 5. 8vo, pp. 51. Illus- 
 trated. 
 This is an interesting account of the reunion of the descendants of 
 Heinrich and Eve Pannebeeker, at Schwenksville, Pa., with the ad- 
 dresses delivered on the occasion, and a historical sketch of the 
 family by Samuel W. Pennypacker, Esq. 
 
 3, Abraham and Dirck Op Den Graeff. Published in the Ptnn MonOdij, of Phila- 
 
 delphia, September, 1875. 8vo, pp. 14. 
 
 4. The Settlement of Germantown, and tlie causes which led to it. Bead before 
 
 the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, October 20, 1879, and published in 
 the Pennsylvania Magazine for 1880. 8vo, pp. 4L. 
 
 Philips Family. 
 
 Philips Family : iReunion and Names of Descendants. 1877, 12mo, pp. 62. 
 
 This volume contains an interesting account of the proceedings of a 
 reunion of the Philips family, descendants of Joseph Philips, who 
 came from Wales in 1755 and settled in Chester County, held at the 
 Vincent Baptist church on May 30, 1877 j and also a history of the 
 family, and names of the descendants of the original settler, from 1755 
 to 1877. The living descendants are estimated to number about seven- 
 teen hundred. 
 
 Richard Darlington, Jr. 
 A Full Description of the Great Tornado in Chester County, Pa. By Richard 
 
 Darlington, Jr., Principal of the Ercildoun Seminai-y, West Chester, Pa. 
 
 1877. 8vo, pp. 28. 
 
 This account was supplemented by Dr. Ezra Michener, in a pamphlet 
 entitled "The Great Tornado. A Review, Critical and Suggestive, 
 with Notes and References." By Ezra Michener, M.D. 1877. 8vo, 
 pp. 22. 
 
 Jackson Family. 
 Jackson Family. Proceedings of the Sesqui-Ceutcnnial Gathering of the de- 
 scendants of Isaac and Ann Jackson, at Harmony Grove, Chester Co., Pa., 
 Eighth Mouth Twenty-fifth, 1875. Together with the Family Genealogy, 
 Philadelphia: published by the Committee for the Famil}', 1878. Royal 
 octavo, pp. 371, illustrated. 
 
 This work is an elaborate historic-genealogical account of the de- 
 scendants of Isaac and Ann Jackson, who settled in Londongrove 
 township, Chester County, in the year 1725. The account of the pro- 
 ceedings at the sesqui-centennial gathering occupies sixty-eight pages, 
 and contains a number of addresses and letters and much interesting 
 information concerning the family. The genealogy occupies the re- 
 mainder of the volume, over three hundred pages, and was compiled by 
 Halliday Jackson, of West Goshen township, Chester County. The 
 work is most thoroughly done, and the compiler deserves credit for the 
 industry and skill he has displayed in its preparation. The arrange-' 
 ment is very complete, and a full and well-arranged index completes 
 the work. It contains an account of over three thousand of the family. 
 
 Charlton T. Lewis. 
 
 John Albert Bongel's Gnomon of the New Testnment, Pointing out, from the 
 Natural Force of the Words, the Simplicity, Depth, Harmony, Jind Saving 
 Power of its Divine Thoughts. A new translation, by Charlton T. Lewis, 
 M.A., and Marvin R. Vincent, Professor in Troy University. Philadelphia 
 and New York, 18U0. Two vols. Koyal octavo, pp. 926, 980. 
 
 This book has been pirated in England, and republished with the 
 names of two English clergymen on the title-page instead of Messrs. 
 Lewis and Vincent. It appears there in three volumes octavo, and 
 has passed through several editions, 
 
 2. A History of Germany from the Earliest Times. Founded on Dr. David MUl- 
 
 ler's " History of the German People." By Charlton T. Lewis. New York : 
 Harper & Brother, PubliBhers, 1874. 8vo, pp. 799. Illustrated. 
 
 3. Harper's Latin Dictionary. A New Latin Dictionary, founded on the Trans- 
 
 lation of Freund's Lntiii-German Lexicon. Edited byE. A. Andrews, LL.D. 
 HeviBod, Enlarged, and in great part Rewritten by Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D., 
 and Charles Short, LL.D., Professor of Latin in Columbia College, Now 
 York. Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1879. Qnai-to, pp. 2019. 
 
 The whole of this dictionary was revised and rewritten by Charlton 
 T. Lewis, except the first 216 pages, embracing the letter A, which 
 was the work of Professor Short. 
 
 Mr. Lewis is a son of Hon. Joseph J. Lewis, of West Chester, Pa. 
 
 Mrs. Mary D. R. Boyd. 
 
 This author resides in Sadsbury township. The following books, 
 written by her, were designed for the use of Sunday-schools, and are 
 highly esteemed. Those numbered from one to twenty-six, inclusive, 
 and also the thirtieth and thirty-second, were published by the Board 
 of Publication of the Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, the twenty- 
 seventh, twenty-eighth, and twenty-ninth by J, P. Skelly & Co., Phila- 
 delphia, and the thirty-first by the American Tract Society, New 
 York. The years of publication are given with the titles : 
 
 1. Annie Lee, 1857; 2. Blind Ruth, 1857; 3. Hazleglen, 1857; 4. Christmas Eve, 
 1857; 5. Seventy Times Seven, 1857 ; 6. Charlie, 1857; 7. Little Bob True, 
 1858; 8. Kind "Words, 1859; 9. Who is My Neighbor? 1859; 10. "Words of 
 "Wisdom, 1800; 11. Johnny Wiight, the Boy Who Did Eight, 1861; 12. 
 Homes of the "West, 1864; 13. The Five Gifts and Harry's Honest Pennies, 
 18G4; 14. Country Sights and Sounds for Little Eyes and Ears, 1864; 15. 
 Autumn Days, a Sequel to Country Sights and Sounds, 1864; 16. Bertie and 
 His Bfst Things, 1865; a Beiies entitled Grandmamma's Pockets, seven in 
 number, the initial letter of each title forming the word pockets, viz. : Per- 
 severing Dick, Our Little Fruit-Gatherers, Caring for God's Sparrows, Kitty's 
 Knitting-Needles, Every Little Helps, The Will and The Way, and Seaside 
 Rambles, 1866; 24. Tim, the Coliier-Boy, 1869; 25. I Have and Had I, 
 18G9; 26. Sweet Herbs, 1869; 27. Stoppiiig-Stones Over the Brook, 1869; 28. 
 Barby's Shuttle, and What it "Wrought, 1869; 29. The Three Rules: The 
 Iron Rule, The Rule of Self, and The Golden Rule, 1870; 30. Wat Adams, 
 or the Young Machinist and His Old Proverbs, 1876 ; 31. Grace Ashleigh's 
 Life- Work, 1877 ; 32. A Good Name a Goodly Heritage, 1879. 
 
 Fannie H. Bent. 
 
 This author is a native of Highland township, and is a daughter of 
 David J. Bent, who was at one time a member of the Legislature of 
 Pennsylvania from Chester County. She holds the pen of a ready and 
 practiced writer, and her books, chiefly designed for the use of Sun- 
 day-schools, have had a wide circulation. They arc twelve in num- 
 ber, and were published as follows : 
 
 By the Presbyterian Board of Publication : Sunbeam, and Other Stories, 1863; 
 
 School-Diiys of Jennie Giuhani, 1863; Harold, 1866; Mabel Clarke, 1SG8 ; 
 
 Ontof the Dark, 1872; Now and Then, 1879; Five Women of England, 
 
 1881. 
 By the American Sunday-School Union: Talks About Adam and His Family, 
 
 1866; Trials and Triumphs, 1865; Guy Dennis, 1870; Locust Grove Stories, 
 
 1870. 
 By Garrigues & Brother: Uncle Sydney's Captain, 1875. 
 
 John R. Sweeney. 
 
 John R. Sweeney, a native of West Chester, is a noted and reputable 
 composer of music, and has published a number of books of sacred 
 music, some of thorn in connection with others, of which the follow- 
 ing are the titles : 
 
 1. Songs of the Night. 1872. Pp. 24. 
 
 2. Goodly Pearls. 1875. Pp. 160. 
 
 3. The Gems of Praise. 1876. Pp. 176. 
 
 4. The Royal Fountain.. 1877. Pp. 25. 
 
 5. The Garner. 1878. Pp. 120. 
 
 6. Joy to The "World. 1879. Pp. 205. 
 
 7. The Quiver. 1880. Pp. 126. 
 
 8. The Royal Fountain, No. 2. 1880. Pp. 32. 
 
 9. Songs of Cheer. 1880. Pp. 15. 
 
 10. The Wells of Salvation. 1881. Pp. 160. 
 
 11. The Church Choir, a Book of Anthems. 1881. Pp. 280. 
 
324 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTEE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANEA. 
 
 Six of these works were prepiircd by Mr. Sweeney alone, and iive 
 in connection with other persons. M.r. Sweeney has been for many 
 years professor of music in the Pennsylvania Military Academy, at 
 Chester, Pa. 
 
 William Entriken Baily. 
 
 Modern Rhymes. By William Entriken Baily. Philadelpliiai printed by J. B. 
 Lippincott & Co., 1879. 12mo, pp. 104. 
 This volume contains twenty poems. They are meritorious produc- 
 tions, and show that the author, a young man, is endowed with the 
 true poetic faculty. 
 
 Isaac D. Johnson, M.D. 
 
 1. Tliorapeutic Key; or, Praclical Guide fur the IXomceopatliic Treatment of 
 
 Disease. Now York aud Philadelphia : Boericke & Tafel, 1879. 18mo, pp. 
 
 347. 
 This is designed as a work of ready reference for physicians of the 
 homoeopathic school, or, as its title indicates, is a practical guide in the 
 treatment of disease. It was first published in 1871, and contained 
 187 pages ; since then it has passed through ten editions, has been en- 
 larged from time to time, and now contains 347 pages. The last edition 
 contains v.iluable practical hints on diagnostics, a feature not in the 
 previous editions. The work is popular with physicians of the homoeo- 
 pathic school, for whom it was especially written. 
 
 2. A Guide to Ilomoeopathic Practice. Designed for the use of Families and 
 
 Private Individuals. Now York and Philadelphia ; Boericke & Tafel, 18SU. 
 
 8vo, pp. 494. 
 Tills work is written in a comprehensive manner, and by the aid of 
 it the intelligent layman can prescribe successfully for many of the 
 ordinary ailments of life. The work is highly commended by the pro- 
 fession, and has met a ready sale both in this country and in Europe. 
 
 Moses JHendenhall Aug£. 
 
 1. Lives of the Eminent Bead and Biographical Notices of Prominent Living 
 
 Citizens of Montgomery County, Pa. By M. AugS. Published by the 
 Author, Norristown, Pa.. 1879. 8vo, pp. 508. 
 
 2. Five Essays or Lectures on Some of the Great Questions of the Bay, with 
 
 sketch of the author and his ancestors. By M. Auge, Norristown, 1879. 
 8vo, pp. 56. 
 
 Joseph T. Rothrock, M.D. 
 
 1. Sketch of the Flora of Alaska. Published in the report of the Smithsonian 
 
 Institution for 1867. Pp. 30. 
 
 2. Botany. Being the sixth volume of the United States Geographical Surveys 
 
 west of the One Hundredth Meridian, Lieut. George M. Wheeler, U. S. En- 
 gineers, in charge, 1878. Quarto, pp. 404, with thirty plates and a frontis- 
 piece. This volume contains (described or enumerated) 1G57 species of our 
 far Western and SouthweBtern ])lants, representing 037 genera and 104 
 orders, besides 52 pages of physical geography and economic bot.any. 
 
 3. Catalogue of Trees and Shrubs Native of and Introduced in the Horticultural 
 
 Gardens adjacent to Horticultural Uall, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. 
 1880. 8vo, pp. 99. 
 
 This volume gives also a short statement of the character and uses 
 of the trees and shrubs in the park. 
 
 4. Medical Botany of North America. 
 
 This work is (1881) in preparation, and will form an octavo volume 
 of ])robably six hundred pages. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing works. Dr. Rothrock has published 
 about six hundred pages in various medical, popular, and scientific 
 periodicals of the country. 
 
 John Rutter. 
 
 The Culture and Diseases of the Peach. A complete treatise for the use of 
 Peach Growers and Gardeners of Pennsylvania, and all districts afFoctod by 
 the " yellows" and other diseases of the tree. By John Butter, West Ches- 
 ter, Pa., ex-President of the Chester County Horticultural Society, and Hon- 
 oraiy Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit-Crowers' Society. 1880. 8vo, pp. 
 100. 
 This is the work of one thoroughly qualified by experience for the 
 ta.sk, and fruit-growers will do well to give heed to his advice and in- 
 structions. 
 
 Willis P. Hazard. 
 
 Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania in the Olden Time ; or, Memoirs, 
 Anecdotes, and Incidents of Philadelphia and its Itihabilants from the <lays 
 of the Founders. By Willis P. Hazard. Philadelphia: J. M. Stoddart & Oo. 
 1879. Royal octavo, pp. 524. Profusely illustrated. 
 
 This forms the third volume of the work known as Watson's " An- 
 nals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania." Watson's ** Annals" was 
 published some years since in two volumes, and a new edition being 
 called for, the publishers requested Mr. Hazard " to prepare an ad- 
 
 ditional volume of similar character, which, in the light of later re- 
 search, would eliminate certain facts, and by additions bring some 
 portions down to a recent period; also make necessary corrections of 
 various things that cither escaped Mr. Watson's notice, or which docu- 
 ments that were not then accessible have since proved to have been 
 dilTerent." This third volume was accordingly prepared by Mr. Haz- 
 ard, with a single index to the whole three volumes. The work is a 
 valuable addition to Watson's " Annals," and contains a large amount 
 of very interesting historical matter not contained in the original 
 work. Mr. Hazard resides in Bast Bradford township, Chester County. 
 
 John Russell Young. 
 
 Around the World with General Grant. A narrative of the visit of General U. S. 
 Grant, ex-President of the United States, to various countries in Europe, 
 Asia, and Africa, in 1877, 1878, 1879. By John Kusscll Young. Published 
 by the American News Company, New York. Two volumes. Royal octavo, 
 pp. 1300, with eight hundred illustrations. 
 
 Isaac Sharpless. 
 
 1. The Elements of Plane and Solid Geometry, with chapters on Mensuration 
 
 and Modern Geometry. By Isaac Sharpless, Professor of Mathematics in 
 Haverfurd College, Pa. Philadelphia : Porter & Coates, 1879. Svo, pp. 200. 
 
 2. The Eltmeuts of Geometry and Trigononjetry, and a Treatise on Mensura- 
 
 tion, with Logarithmic Tables. By Isaac Sharpless. 8vo, pp. 380. 
 
 3. A New Edition of John Gnmmerc's Surveying, Revised and Corrected, with 
 
 Additional Matter. By Isaac Sharpless. 
 This is the most thorough and practical treatise on the subject pub- 
 lished. 
 
 Thomas K. Brown. 
 Elementary Algebra. By Thomas K. Brown, of Westtown Boarding School. 
 Philadelphia : Porter & Coates, 1879. Pp. 244. 
 
 George L. Maris, A.M. 
 
 The Normal English Grammar. A manual of analysis and parsing, for the use 
 
 of schools and teachers. By George L. Maris, A.M., Principal of the West 
 
 Chester State Normal School. West Chester, Pa., 1880. Square ISnio, pp. 
 
 112. 
 
 The author, in the preface, states that the work was prepared by him 
 
 to meet the wants of his classes, and that the method adopted is one 
 
 that he has used for several years to the entire satisfaction of his 
 
 normal classes. 
 
 Prof. George G. Groff, M.D. 
 
 1. The Commou Minerals, Ores, and Rocks of Chester County, Pa. Cliart. Ar- 
 
 ranged for use in the schools of Chester County. 
 
 2. The Common Minerals and Ores of the States of Pennsylvania, New York, 
 
 Delaware, and Maryland. Chart. 
 
 3. The Chemical Elements. Chart. 
 
 4. Geological Chart. 
 
 6. Plant Description. 
 
 0. Elements of Animal Physiology. 
 
 7. Elements of Mineralogy. 
 
 8. Elements of Agricultural Chemistry. 
 
 9. A Manual of Accidents and Emergencies. 
 
 Professor Groff is a native of Tredyffrin township, Chester County ; 
 was for some j'ears natural science professor in the West Chester State 
 Normal School, and is now (1881) a professor in the university at 
 Lewisburg, Pa. 
 
 Edwin A. Barber. 
 
 Mr. Barber has in course of preparation for early publication, a 
 work to be entitled " Antiquity of the Tobacco-Pipe," a subject to 
 which he has devoted much attention. Tho volume will be an octavo, 
 illustrated, and contain from 250 to 300 pages. 
 
 Mr. Barber has published several valuable papers, .among them the 
 following; "Comparative Vocabulary of the Utah (Indian) Dialects," 
 1877; "Les Anciens Pueblos," published in French, 1877; and "Com- 
 parison of Pueblo Pottery with Egyptian and Grecian Ceramics," 
 1878. 
 
 Tho author is a son of William E. Barber, Esq., a member of the 
 bar of Chester County. 
 
 Esther J. Trimble. 
 
 1. A Chart of General Literature, from the eailiest times, embracing a conijilete 
 
 outline of English Literature, with tho prominent writers of other nations ; 
 also a chart of Ancient Literature. By E. J, Trimble, Instructor of Litera- 
 ture in Swarthmore College. Philadelphia: J. M. Stoddart & Co., 1875. 
 This chart is an outline history of universal literature. It presents 
 at a glance the prominent facts in the history of literature throuo-liout 
 all ages, showing the difi'ercnt periods of intellectual development in 
 different countries, the origin, growth, and decline of the various 
 forms of literature, the prominent contemporary writers of all nations, 
 
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. 
 
 325 
 
 with other facts incident to the subject of literature. All writers are 
 o'assed upon the chart under seven heads, namely, poets, dramatists, 
 novelists, philosophers, theologians, historians, and essayists. A brief 
 biographical record gives the names of nearly fourteen hundred per- 
 sons more or less distinguished in literature, with dates of birth and 
 death, nature of their wi'itings, and the nationality of each. 
 
 The chart is published in two forms; it is mounted like a map, to 
 be used on the wall, and it is also prepared in book form for desk or 
 reference use. In the latter shape it is a folio, fifteen by twenty- 
 one inches, pp. 62. 
 2. A nietory of English Literature. 
 
 This work is in course of preparation, and it is contemplated to 
 publish it during the present year {1881), It will form an octavo 
 volume of about 400 pages. Each chapter will be devoted to a period 
 of English literature, prefaced with a brief liistory of the times, and 
 the whole will constitute a connected history of the development of 
 English literature. Specimens from the best authors will be given, 
 and biographical sketches of all the important lives. 
 
 Miss Trimble is now (1881) professor of English Literature in the 
 Normal School at West Chester, Pa. 
 
 John M. Jenkins. 
 
 Trials and Triumphs of a Traveling Typo, Truthfully Told. 
 
 This is an autobiographical work, by John M. Jenkins, of the office 
 of the Weekly Times, Coatesville, which is now (1881) in press, 
 
 William T. Haines, £sq. 
 
 Townsliip and Local Laws of the Slnte of Poniisylvania, compiled from the 
 Acts of Assembly liy William T. Hniues, a member of the West Chester 
 Bar. West Chester, Pa.: Edward F. James, Priuter and Publisher, IbGO. 
 8vo, pp. 418. 
 
 This volume contains all the township and local laws in force at the 
 time of its publication, with a large collection of valuable legal forms. 
 
 Francis C. Hooton, Esq. 
 
 1. The General and Special Pennsylvania Road Laws. By F. C. Ilooton, a 
 
 member of the West Chester Bar. West Chester: American Republican, 
 Book, Card, and Joli Priuter, 1869. Fvo, pp. 46. 
 
 2. The Supervisor's Guide: A manual of the lload Laws of Pennsylvania, with 
 
 the deciuions thereon. By F. C. Hooton, of the West Chester Bar. Phila- 
 delphia: Kay & Brother, Law Publishers, etc., 1872. 8vo, pp. 120. 
 
 This is a second and thoroughly revised edition of the above work, 
 and is admirably adapted to instruct supervisors and other township 
 officers in their duties. 
 
 John J. Finkerton, £sq. 
 
 A Practical Guide to Administrators, Guardians, and Assignees, containing full 
 and complete insti-uctions for the settlement of estates, together witli all 
 the necessary forms, explanations, and directions. By John J. Pinkerton, 
 Cuunsellor-at-Law. West Chester, Pa. : E. B. Moore, 1S70. 8vo, pp. 115. 
 
 Hon. P. Frazer Smith. 
 
 1. Forms of Procedure in the Courts of Pennsylvania. A complete and reliable 
 
 cnllection of Forms of Procedure in the Courts of Quarter Sessions, Orphans' 
 Court, Register's Court, before the Register, In the Conitof Conmion Pleas, 
 etc. By P. Frazer Sniilli, Counsellor-at-Law, etc. Pliiladelphia: H. P. & 
 R. H. Small, Law Booksellers and Publishei-s, 1802. Large Svo, pp. 748. 
 
 A new edition of this work was published in 1872, under the title 
 of "A Complete Collection of Forms of Procedure in the Several 
 Courts of Pennsylvania." By P. Frazer Smith, Counsellor-at-Law, 
 State Reporter, etc. Second edition. Philadelphia: Kay & Brother, 
 Law Booksellers, Publishers, etc., 1872. Svo, pp. 791. 
 
 2. Pennsylvania State Reports, comprising ca«es adjudged in the Supreme 
 
 Court of Pennsylvania from 18G5 to 1876. By P. Frazer Saiith, State Re- 
 poiler. Thirty -two volumes, Svo, each containing about 57G pages. 
 
 Frederick S. Dickson, Esq. 
 
 1. An Analysis of Blackstone's Commentaries. By Frederick S. Dickson, of 
 
 West Cliester, Pa. Philadelphia: Roes Welsh, Law Bookseller, Publisher, 
 and Importer, 1872. Quarto, pp. 98. 
 
 2. An Analysis of Kent's Commentaries. By Frederick S. Dickson. Fhihtdel- 
 
 phia : Recs Welsh, Publisher, 1875. Quarto, pp. 428. 
 
 These volumes are designed for the use of students of the commen- 
 taries of Sir William Blackstone and of Chancellor Kent, and will be 
 found of great service, not only to the law student, but to the prac- 
 ticing lawyer. 
 
 James Monaghan, Esq. 
 Chester County Reports, being reports of cases decided in the several courts of 
 Chester Connty, etc. Vol. I. iu preparation. 
 
 Directories. 
 
 1. Directory of the Borough tpf West Chester for 1857. Wood & James, Pub- 
 
 lishei's. West Chester, 1867. Svo, pp. IGO. 
 This work, besides being u, complete directory of West Chester at 
 that time, contains also a history of the town, and of Mason and 
 Dixon's line, both written by Dr. William Darlington. 
 
 2. Directory of Chester County for 1870-71, containing the names, business, and 
 
 address of the merchants, manufacturers, and prufei^sional men thnnigbuut 
 tlie county, prominent farmers, sketches of the principal towns and villages, 
 etc. Compiled by Samuel Alexander. Published by Andrew Boyd, 1871. 
 Large Svo, pp. 232. 
 
 3. Directory of West Cliester for 1879-80. Compiled by S. Fred. Boyd. James 
 
 & Webb, Publishers and Printers, AVilmington, Delaware. 8vo, pp. 125. 
 
 JUaps. 
 
 Map of Cheftor Connty, ccmstrncted hy vii-tue of an Act of the Legiplature of 
 Pennsylvania. By James liindman. 1822 and 1830. Scale, two aud one- 
 half miles to an incli. 
 James Hindman, who constructed this map, was a surveyor of re- 
 pute, residing in the western part of the county. It was first pub- 
 lished in 1822, by James Mclish, of Philadelphiji, and again in 1830, 
 by II. S. Tanner. It gives the various townships as they then existed, 
 the ronds and places of note in the county, with tolerable accuracy. 
 A statistical table is also given, containing the geological formation 
 of the county, a list of the townships, their length and breadth, area, 
 face of country, character of soil, population, post-oflfices, and their 
 distances from AVest Chester, and other matter of interest. 
 
 This map is now very scarce, a copy of it being seldom met with. 
 Map of Chester County. From Original SuiTeys. By Samuel M. Painter and 
 John S. Bowen, Pmjected and drawn by John S. Bowen, West Chester, 
 1847. Scale, one inch to the mile. 
 
 This map was a decided improvement on that of Mr. Hindman, and 
 was made with great accux*acy, and on a much larger scale. A statis- 
 tical table gives a list of the post-offices, townships, number of acres 
 in each township, and population according to the census of 1840. 
 
 In 1856 the copyright was transferred by Messrs. Painter and Bowen 
 to T. J. Kennedy, who made some corrections and additions and pub- 
 lished a new edition, embellished around the border with views of the 
 public buildings of the county, and of some private residences. 
 Map of the Vicinity of Philadelphia. From actual surveys. By D. J. Lake and 
 S. N. Reel's. 181)0. Scale, one inch to the mile. 
 
 This map includes Chester County, and gives the names of all the 
 land-owners in the county. On the margin are plans of the boroughs, 
 and of a number of the pl-incipal villages. 
 
 Map of the Borough of West Chester, Pa. Surveyed and drawn by Martin aud 
 Kennedy. Scale, two hundred feet to the iuch. 
 
 The names of all the owners of property are given. 1860. 
 Bird's-Eye View of West Chester, Pa. 1874. 
 
 This map is eighteen by twenty-five inches. 
 Map of the Borough of West Chester, Pa. By J. D. Scott. 1877. 
 Map of New Castle County, Delaware. From oilginal surveys. By Samuel M. 
 Rea and Jacob Price. Published by Sutton & Wistar. Philadelphia, 1849. 
 
 This map gives the Hundreds in the county, the number of acres 
 and number of miles of roads in each Hundred, names of property- 
 owners, boundaries of school districts, and plan of the city of Wil- 
 mington. 
 
 Atlaa of Chester County, Pennsylvania. From actual surveys. By H. F. Bridgens, 
 A. B. Witmer, and others. Published by A. R. Witmer, Safe HarlH)r, Lan- 
 caster Co., Pa. 1873, Folio, pp. 57. 
 
 This atlas contains a, general map of the whole county, and also 
 separate maps of the several boroughs, townships, and villages in the 
 county, on a large scale, noting the names of the owners of proper- 
 ties. It also contains tables of the population of the several boroughs 
 and townships according to the census of 1870, a distance table show- 
 ing the distances between important places throughout the county, 
 list of post-offices, and a business directory of each borough and town- 
 ship. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. 
 
 The earliest effort to furnish the people of Chester 
 County with periodical literature was made in the year 
 1797. In January of that year Philip Derrick and Nathan 
 H. Sharpies established a monthly magazine, entitled the 
 Literary Museum or Monthly Magazine^ which was printed 
 by them in a frame printing-office on the west side of 
 
326 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 South High Street, West Chester, nearly opposite the 
 present residence of John E. Leonard. Each number 
 contained fifty-six octavo pages of excellent reading matter, 
 and was sold at twenty-five cents. It was, however, in 
 advance of the times, and the publication was suspended at 
 the end of the first volume, embracing the six monthly 
 numbers from January to June, 1797. Some of the num- 
 bers were illustrated with copper-plate engravings. Copies 
 of the volume are now very rare. The intellectual activity 
 of the people of Chester County at that early day — now 
 eighty-four years ago — is shown in the fact that such a 
 magazine was projected and for a time sustained. 
 
 The first attempt to establish a weekly newspaper in the 
 county was made near the close of the last century by three 
 young printers, — Jones, HofF, and Derrick. The paper 
 was called the West Chester Gazette. It was, however, 
 premature, and after a few numbers were published it was 
 suspended. It is doubtful whether a single specimen of 
 the Gazette is yet extant. 
 
 Philip Derrick, who was connected with the foregoing 
 periodicals, was the father-in-law of the late Hon. Town- 
 send Haines and William H. Price, and the father of Wil- 
 liam S. Derrick and Alexander H. Derrick, for many years 
 connected with the State Department at Washington. 
 
 In August, 1808, some nine or ten years after the fail- 
 ure of the West Chester Gazette, a weekly paper was com- 
 menced in Downingtown by Charles Mowry, entitled the 
 Temperate Znne. Downingtown was probably selected as 
 the place of publication because it was a village of some 
 note, and was located on the Philadelphia and Lancaster 
 turnpike-road, then a thoroughfare extensively traveled, 
 and running through the heart of the county. It was 
 published under this title for one year, and the name then 
 changed to that of the Downingtown American Repuhlican. 
 As the Temperate Zone it was neutral in politics, but 
 under its new title it became Democratic-Republican. The 
 names Democrat and Republican in those days were con- 
 vertible terms, and were both used, that of Republican 
 being oftener used than Democrat to designate the party 
 or its members in opposition to the Federal party. In the 
 issue of the paper of Aug. 3, 1813, the word Downingtown 
 was dropped from the title, and it was called the American 
 Republican, although still published in Downingtown. 
 Charles Mowry continued to publish it until Nov. 28, 
 1820, when he sold out to William Schuhz and William 
 J. Marshall. They commenced a new series of the paper, 
 and took the firm-name of Schultz & Marshall. This firm 
 was in existence but about one month, when the interest of 
 Schultz reverted to Mowry, and he and Marshall published 
 it from January to June, 1821, under the firm of William 
 J. Marshall & Co. At the latter date Samuel Johnson 
 purchased from Mowry the half-interest held by him, and 
 he and Marshall became- the publishers, under the name of 
 Blarshall & Johnson. Marshall was a practical printer, 
 having learned his trade with Mowry, and Johnson had 
 been a school-teacher. 
 
 AVhen William Findlay was a candidate for Governor 
 of Pennsylvania for a second term, charges were brought 
 against him by the opposite party of malfeasance in the 
 office of State treasurer, which he had held before he was 
 
 elected Grovernor. Mr. Mowry was not a polished, but was 
 a vigorous writer, and sustained the Governor against the 
 charges with such force and ingenuity that he was consid- 
 ered the ablest Democratic-Republican editor in the State, 
 and the leaders of the party insisted on his leaving Down- 
 ingtown to take charge of a party paper at Harrisburg. 
 He acceded to their request and removed to Harrisburg, 
 and became editor of the Pennsylvania Intelligencpr. 
 
 April 9, 1822, the American Republican was removed 
 to West Chester, the publishers stating, in their announce- 
 ment of the fact, that it was done because of the better 
 opportunity aiForded them of seeing their patrons, and on 
 account of the more frequent intercourse of the people with 
 the county-seat, and the greater facilities for obtaining 
 advertising and job work, and not on account of any ob- 
 jection to Downington, to whose citizens they render thanks 
 for kindness shown them. On May 29, 1822, William J. 
 Marshall sold his interest to Samuel Johnson, who became 
 sole proprietor. 
 
 On Nov. 17, 1824, Simeon Siegfried purchased tlie 
 paper from Samuel Johnson, and was its sole publisher 
 until May 12, 1829, when he sold a half-interest to Edgar 
 S. Price, and it was published by Siegfried & Price until 
 Aug. 18th of the same year, when Siegfried sold the other 
 halfinterest to Robert B. Dodson, Esq. From that 
 period until July 11, 1832, it was published by Dodson & 
 Price. Dodson then sold his interest to Edgar S. Price, 
 who was sole publisher until Jan. 29, 1833. 
 
 A paper called the Chester County Democrat, to which 
 reference will be hereafter madq, was in existence at this 
 date, published by George Fisher. A controversy had ex- 
 isted in the Democratic party for some time, the views of 
 one wing of which were represented by the American Re- 
 puhlican, and the other by the Chester County Democrat. 
 The warring factions came at length, in some measure, to 
 see eye to eye, and they united their forces. The two papers 
 were consolidated, under the title of the Am&rican Repub- 
 lican and Chester County Democrat, and their publishers 
 became joint proprietors of the united paper, under the 
 firm of Fisher & Price. This union took place Jan. 
 29, 1833. The motto at the head of the paper was, " In 
 union there is strength." On March 31, 1835, George 
 Fisher sold his interest to Caleb H. Kinnard, who had 
 theretofore been connected with the American Spectator, 
 at Downingtown, and the publishers took the name of 
 Price & Kinnard. On May 7, 1839, Caleb H. Kinnard 
 sold his interest to Nimrod Strickland, who took his place 
 in the firm, and it became Price & Strickland. This con- 
 tinued until March 24, 1846, when the interest of Edgar 
 S. Price was purchased by Henry Bosee, and the firm be- 
 came Strickland & Bosee. Mr. Bosee had been the editor 
 of the Delaware Gazette. Strickland & Bosee were the 
 publishers until Oct. 11, 1853, when they sold the paper 
 to George W. Poarce. Mr. Poarce published it from that 
 time until his death, ApriJ 14, 1864. The paper was pub- 
 lished in the interest of his estate until November, 1864, 
 when it was purchased by Caleb H. Kinnard, who had 
 from 1835 to 1839 been a part owner of it. In 1863, Mr. 
 Pearce purchased from Samuel R. Downing the Chester 
 County Times, and merged it in the Republican. 
 
'iW'i''*«s'!")#!s^';i!S'y'' 
 
 
 ^■*fe!ir,y> ^ ^. ^*- * 
 
 /i'£>j. 0/^ JOHN E. PARKE Oowningtown Pa. 
 
 
 irr-i»?r 
 
 -'"y 'If.'fe^^'-^.Jafe^'.Wif- 
 
 ' O/,0 MANSION 
 
 PRopeRrv OF JAMES C.ROBERTS East Bran dywia/e Tr Chester Co . Pa . 
 
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. 
 
 327 
 
 While Mr. Pearce conducted the paper, the Democratic 
 party, whose organ it had always been, became divided in 
 sentiment. He followed the fortunes of those known as 
 the Douglas Democrats, and as a consequence lost a con- 
 siderable number of his subscribers. The paper eventu- 
 ally became Republican in its political sentiments, and has 
 so continued. Mr. Kinnard published it from November, 
 1864, until January, 1866, when he sold it to Maj. Ed- 
 ward B. Moore. Maj. Moore was proprietor until June 
 1, 1878, when he disposed of it to Walter E. Hall. Since 
 April 1, 1881, Robert P. Sharpies has been part proprie- 
 tor, and it is now published by the firm of Walter E. Hall 
 &Co. 
 
 The Americaii Republican was a weekly paper until 
 July 29, 1876, when it became a semi-weekly, under the 
 proprietorship of Edward B. Moore. This method of pub- 
 lication continued until July 1, 1878, when it again became 
 a weekly, and at the same time the tlien publisher (Walter 
 E. Hall) commenced the issue of the paper as a daily, as 
 well as a weekly, which is still continued. The daily was 
 an afternoon paper until Nov. 1, 1878, since when it has 
 been a morning paper. 
 
 The Republican, after its removal from Downingtown to 
 West Chester, was published for many years in a building 
 which stood on the north side of Gay Street, • between 
 Church and Darlington, about where Thomas Travilla's 
 store now is ; next on the south side of Market Street, 
 east of the Mansion House ; then on the east side of 
 Church Street, between Gay and Market, a short distance 
 north of the present office of the Village Record ; then on 
 the east side of North High Street, near Chestnut, and ad- 
 joining the agricultural warehouse ; then, in 1860, again in 
 an office on Market Street, east of the Mansion House, 
 now occupied by the Messrs. Hickman, bankers ; and then, 
 on the purchase of the Chester County Times, in 1863, it 
 was removed to the office occupied by that paper, on Mar- 
 ket Street, over the present law-office of William E. Bar- 
 ber, and after its purchase by Maj. Moore it was removed 
 to its present location, on Market Street, opposite the south- 
 west corner of the court-house yard. 
 
 The next paper established in the county was the Ches- 
 ter and Delaware Federalist, by Dennis Whelen. It was 
 published in the borough of West Chester, and the first 
 number was issued June 8, 1809. Its publication was ap- 
 parently suggested by the circumstance of the Temperate 
 Zone having been started the previous year in Downing- 
 town by Charles Mowry. The Federalist was, as its name 
 indicates, a party newspaper, and was conducted in the in- 
 terest of the Federal party. The printed page was in size 
 ten by sixteen inches. It was the establishment of this 
 paper as a political organ which induced Charles Mowry to 
 convert his neutral paper, the Temperate Zone, into a party 
 paper, and to make it the organ of the opposite party, 
 which he did Aug. 1, 1809, under the title of the Ameri- 
 can Republican, as already stated. The Chester and Del- 
 aware Federalist was conducted by Dennis Whelen until 
 Aug. 6, 1817, when he sold the paper to Charles Miner. 
 Mr. Miner conducted it under the same title until Jan. 1, 
 1818, when he changed the name to the Village Record, 
 adding the former name of Chester and Delaware Feder- 
 
 alist as a sub-title. He also enlarged the size of the printed 
 page to twelve by eighteen inches. In 1824, Charles Mi- 
 ner had as a partner, for a time, John S. Bryan, a son-in- 
 law of William Wollerton, and the paper was conducted 
 by Miner & Bryan. In 1825, Asher Miner, a brother of 
 Charles Miner, removed to West Chester, and from July 
 of that year he was associated with his brother in the 
 ownership and management of the paper. 
 
 Asher Miner was a native of Connecticut, where he was 
 born March 3, 1778, and whence he emigrated to the 
 Wyoming Valley in 1800. He published a paper in 
 Wilkcsbarre for a time, in connection with his brother 
 Charles, and in 1804 removed to Doylestown, and estab- 
 lished there the Pennsylvania Correspondent, of which he 
 remained in pharge twenty-one years. He sold the paper 
 in 1825 and came to West Chester. lie was a practical 
 printer, and devoted all his time to the practical working 
 of the Village Record office, while Charles was chief 
 editor, and infused into the columns of the paper a great 
 amount of vigor and energy. Charles Miner was a man 
 of scholarly tastes and a polished writer, and the paper 
 under his editorship acquired a high character, and did 
 much to pro7uote intelligence among the people. In 1830 
 the size of the page was enlarged to fourteen by nineteen 
 inches, and at the same time the sub-title of Chester and 
 Delaware Federalist was dropped, and that of And General 
 Advertiser substituted. Asher and Charles Miner con- 
 ducted the paper until April 1, 1834, when they disposed 
 of it to Henry S. Evans and returned to Wilkesbarre, 
 where they spent the remainder of their days, Asher dying 
 in 1841 and Charles in 1865. 
 
 It may not be inappropriate here to refer to the way in 
 which the newspapers of the county were delivered to their 
 subscribers in early days. Post-offices and mail-agents 
 through the county were few and far between. An ap- 
 prentice of the printing-office was mounted on a horse, and 
 under him a pair of leather bags that would hold a quan- 
 tity of newspapers in each end, and a tin horn fastened 
 to his neck by a tape-string. . Thus equipped, he started 
 on a familiar loute of two days' travel through the coun- 
 try. Whenever he came to a house, store, or blacksmith- 
 shop where a package of papers was to be left, he put the 
 horn to his lips and blew a blast which brought some one 
 to the door to receive the package, or it might be a single 
 paper. He was often met at the door by a kind lady with 
 smiles, a piece of pie, or some apples and a drink of cider ; 
 in addition to these chances of good luck, he had regular 
 places for dinner and staying over-night, where himself and 
 horse were well taken care of at the expense of the pro- 
 prietor. At the same time one or more other boys, simi- 
 larly equipped, traveled other routes. In many instances, 
 where the houses of the subscribers were back from the 
 public road, they erected boxes at the roadside, in which 
 the papers were placed by the riders. In process of time 
 post-offices were established by the government along these 
 routes, and the proprietors of the several newspapers were 
 the contractors for carrying the mails ; these were farmed 
 out among themselves in due proportion. 
 
 Henry S. Evans conducted the Village Record from 
 1834 until his death, Feb. 9, 1872. In this period it was 
 
32S 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTy, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 enlarged severul times, the first soon after its purchase, and 
 it continued, under his management, to be the most influ- 
 ential paper in the county. 
 
 In 1854 he purchased from John S. Bowon the Register 
 and Examiner, which he, in connection with James M. 
 Meredith, had conducted for some years, and united it with 
 the Village Record, publishing the paper from that time 
 semi-weekly, under the title of the Village Record and 
 Register and Examiner, the latter as a sub-title. 
 
 On the death of Mr. Evans he was succeeded by his 
 sons. Barton D. and Willie D. Evans, who have from that 
 time conducted the paper. Since Aug. 8, 1878, in addi- 
 tion to their weekly issues, they have published a daily 
 edition. 
 
 The Village Record, in its political character, was the 
 organ of the old Federal party during its existence. On 
 the downfall of that party and the organization on its ruins 
 of the party known as the National Republican it advo- 
 cated its principles, and also those of its successor, the 
 Whig party. Since the latter has ceased to have a name 
 it has advocated the principles of the present Republican 
 party. 
 
 The Village Record and its predecessor, the Chester 
 and Delaware Federalist, were first published in an ofiice 
 situated where Thomas G. Peirce's drug- and hardware- 
 store now stands, on High Street, two doors north of the 
 Bank of Chester County. The next location of the Record 
 was on the north side of Gay Street, a short distance west 
 of Church, on the property now owned by Malin Hoopes, 
 whence it was removed to its present location, on Church 
 Street, between Gay and Market. 
 
 The office of the Village Record has been noted for the 
 number of its graduates who became known in after-life, 
 and who have filled positions of prominence and useful- 
 ness. A few of them will be mentioned. 
 
 Among its earlier graduates was Henry S. Evans, who 
 became its proprietor in 1834:, and in whose family it still 
 continues. Elisha B. Jackson and James Kelley in 1827 
 became proprietors of the Bucks County lutelligencer, and 
 so continued for several years. They were among the first 
 to inaugurate the stirring appeals to voters on the eve of 
 elections, now so common with newspapers. They were 
 enterprising men, and the paper prospered under their 
 management. Caleb H. Kinuard was editor and proprietor 
 of several newspapers mentioned in this sketch. William 
 Butler became a prominent member of the bar, was presi- 
 dent judge of the Fifteenth Judicial District of Pennsyl- 
 vania from 1861 to 1879, and since then has been judge 
 of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern 
 District of Pennsylvania. Edward M. Paxson was for sev- 
 eral years a judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Phil- 
 adelphia, and is now a judge of the Supreme Court of 
 Pennsylvania. Of Bayard Taylor, traveler, poet, novel- 
 ist, it is enough to mention his name. Charles Cook, at 
 one time editor and proprietor of a paper in Danville, Pa., 
 and Frederick E. Foster, who was connected with Bayard 
 Taylor in establishing and conducting the Fhcenixville 
 Pioneer, were also graduates. 
 
 Enos L. Prizer entered the office at the age of fifteen 
 years, and at the expiration of his apprenticeship he re- 
 
 mained for several years as foreman, reporter, and sub- 
 editor. In connection with Henry T. Darlington, who had 
 entered the Record office in 1849, and there learned the 
 printing business, he purchased the Backs County Intelli- 
 gencer, and they conducted it together from 1855 until the 
 death of Mr. Prizer, in 1864, when Mr. Darlington became 
 sole proprietor, and conducted it until his death, in 1878. 
 Mr. Prizer was of a restless and nervous temperament, pos- 
 sessing activity, energy, and industry. These qualities, 
 with more than ordinary abilities, made him a successful 
 journalist. Personally he was social and genial, and had 
 many warm friends. He was a son of Frederick Prizer, 
 who resided in the northern part of Chester County. Henry 
 T. Darlington was a nephew of Dr. William Darlington, 
 and was a man of education and business enterprise. 
 
 Columbus P. Evans, a brother of Henry S. Evans, after 
 learning his trade, served as a captain in the Mexican war, 
 and was subsequently one of the editors of the Wilmington 
 Republican. Maj. William B. Darlington, a son of Dr. 
 William Darlington, was in the war of the Rebellion, and 
 there lost a leg in the Wilderness. He was subsequently 
 postmaster at West Chester for several years. Henry W. 
 Carruthers, after completing his apprenticeship, became a 
 member of the bar, and subsequently died from exposure 
 in the service during the war with the South. 
 
 Among others is Enos L. Christman, at one time foreman 
 in the Record office, now editor and proprietor of the 
 Washington (Pa.) Reporter; George Stout, at one time a 
 partner of Mr. Christman ; George W. Vernon, of the 
 Wilmington Republican; Henry L. Brinton, of the 0.15- 
 ford Press; William H. Whitehead, of the Bhomington 
 (111.) Pantagrajph ; James P. Taylor, of the Montrose 
 Independent Republican; William Baker, now deputy 
 sheriff of Chester County ; William H. Dock, present fore- 
 man in the Village Record office, with which he has been 
 connected about thirty years; and Walter E. Hall, now 
 proprietor of the American Republican. 
 
 In 1833, Henry S. Evans and William Jenkins com- 
 menced the publication of a paper in Waynesburg (now 
 Honeybrook), Chester County, called the Waynesburg 
 Press and Chester, Berks, and Lancaster Advertiser, the 
 first number of which was issued Sept. 25, 1833. After 
 conducting it for six months, Mr. Evans purchased the 
 Village Record, of West Chester, of which he took charge 
 in April, 1834. The management of the Press then de- 
 volved upon Mr. Jenkins, who conducted it for the firm 
 until May 28, 1834, when Mr. Evans sold his interest to 
 Caleb H. Kinnard. Mr. Kinnard and Mr. Jenkins then 
 discontinued the publication of the Press in Waynes- 
 burg, and removed the printing-press and materials to 
 Downingtown, and there, on June 10, 1834, established 
 the American Spectator and People's Friend. This was 
 published until April 1, 1835, when it was purchased by 
 Henry S. Evans, and managed by him in the Village 
 Record. Caleb H. Kinnard then purchased the interest 
 of George Fisher in the American Republican, as has 
 been stated. 
 
 In the year 1814, Nathan Blackman, Jr., a native of 
 New England, established in the village of Edenton (or, as 
 it was then spelled, Edentowu), in Upper Oxford township, 
 
MT&ir g. m 
 
 i:y! hy :<njmx s«-s.:: nm-aty Sfux 
 
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. 
 
 329 
 
 a weekly paper, called the Eden Star, the initial number 
 of which was issued March 28, 1814. At that time the 
 village of Edentown consisted of a public-house, store- 
 house, and a building in which the paper was printed. 
 The village was owned and the tavern and store kept by 
 John Downing. The name of Edentown, it is supposed, 
 was conferred at the time the paper was established, by 
 reason of that event, as the local habitation of a newspaper 
 must needs have a name. 
 
 The paper was published at Edentown about two years, 
 when the building in which it was printed was accidentally 
 burned, and, there being no other suitable place there, the 
 office was removed to Russellville, about one mile distant, 
 and the publication continued there, under the title of the 
 American Star, for some time longer ; but, the business not 
 being sufficiently remunerative, it was discontinued, and 
 the publisher removed to the West. 
 
 The paper was Democratic in politics, and during the 
 war waging with Great Britain, in the earlier period of its 
 career, it advocated the measures of the administration of 
 President Madison with vigor and ability. It was in the 
 usual folio form, the pages being nine and a half by sixteen 
 inches in size, and having each four columns. It had at 
 its head a representation of a printing-press, and under- 
 neath it the words " sains popiili," and this motto : " An 
 enlightened and virtuous country must be a free country.'' 
 The Independent JbijniaZwas established in Downingtown 
 by Dr. George A. Fairlamb and George Plitt, and the first 
 -number was issued Aug. 29, 1827. It was a Jackson 
 paper, and from its first issue advocated his election to the 
 Presidency. Many of its patrons and supporters, how- 
 ever, had been members of the old Federal party, and the 
 American Repuhlican, which had always been theretofore 
 the recognized organ of the Democratic party, taunted it 
 as not being precisely the " Simon pure." It maintained 
 its position, however, and was, in addition to being a Jack- 
 son paper, also the organ of that portion of the party which 
 eventually succeeded in nominating George Wolf for the 
 governorship of Pennsylvania over Gen. Isaac D. Barnard. 
 Gen. Barnard was a citizen of Chester County, and a mem- 
 ber of the bar, and his nomination was warmly advocated 
 by his friends. It was, however, opposed by a portion of 
 the party, and a very bitter, and to some extent personal, 
 contest ensued, the nomination of Barnard being advocated 
 by the American Repuhlican, and that of Wolf by the 
 Independent Journal. Two sets of delegates were sent to 
 the State convention from Chester County, one in favor of 
 each of those candidates. After a heated contest, those in 
 favor of Wolf were admitted as members of the conven- 
 tion, and this determined the nomination in favor of Wolf. 
 Had the Barnard delegates been admitted, he would have 
 been nominated by one majority, and have been the Gov- 
 ernor of the State, instead of Wolf. 
 
 Dr. Fairlamb, one of the proprietors of the Independent 
 Journal, died April 10, 1829. It was then conducted by 
 George Plitt alone until April 13, 1830, when he sold out 
 to George Fisher and George W. Crabb. The latter had 
 been for some time previously associated with Mr. Plitt in 
 ihe editorship. Messrs. Fisher & Crabb discontinued the 
 Independent Journal, and established in its stead the 
 42 
 
 Chester County Democrat, the first number of which was 
 issued April 20, 1830. In 1831, Fisher purchased the 
 interest of Crabb, and continued the publication of the 
 Democrat until 1832, when he removed it to West Chester, 
 and it was soon thereafter united with the American lie- 
 piihlican. This union took place Jan. 29, 1833, and has 
 been referred to in the notice of the American Repuhlican. 
 When Fisher & Crabb started the Chester County Demo- 
 crat, Dr. John D. Perkins was publishing in Coatesville 
 the Anti-Masonic Examiner. He noticed the advent of 
 the new paper in rhyme, which is here given as a sample of 
 newspaper poetry in Chester County fifty years ago : 
 
 " A ' Fisher' and a ' Crab,' forsooth, 
 Puff'd up with self-conceit, 
 Resolved in Co. to publish what 
 Is called a weekly sheet. 
 
 " They took a press in Downingtown, 
 Which locally is flat, 
 From whence they issue for their friends 
 The miscalled Democrat. 
 
 " The name's assumed too late, I fear, 
 For 'tis as plain as day 
 Democracy has changed 
 To Anti-Masonry. 
 
 " Let Masons and their'servile Jacks 
 Cry out persecution j 
 And lot their ' Fisher' and their ' Crab' 
 Laud the institution. 
 
 " We'll show them in October next 
 Of our free wills a sample, 
 And at the ballot-boxes 
 
 Dethrone the hand-maid's Temple.'' 
 
 In March, 1829, Alexander Marshall and Nathan Sieg- 
 fried commenced the publication at the Yellow (now Ches- 
 ter) Springs of a paper entitled the Literary Caslcet and 
 General Intelligencer. Mr. Siegfried was a practical 
 printer, and Mr. Marshall assumed the editorship. After 
 a few months Mr. Siegfried retired, and Mr. Marshall be- 
 came sole proprietor. The printing-office was in the hos- 
 pital building, erected during the Revolutionary war, and 
 familiarly known as the Washington House. The paper 
 was purely literary in its character, entirely eschewing 
 politics, and was the vehicle through which the lucubra- 
 tions of many of the young aspirants to literary fame in 
 Chester County first saw the light. 
 
 At the end of the first year, in February, 1830, the 
 paper was sold to Morris Mattson and Cheyney Hannum, 
 and by them removed to West Chester. Mr. Mattson soon 
 sold his interest to James A. Hemphill, Esq., and it was 
 conducted by Hannum & Hemphill until the fall of 1830, 
 when it was merged into the National Repuhlican Advo- 
 cate and Literary Gazette, a new weekly paper established 
 by them at West Chester in advocacy of the principles of 
 the National Republican party, then the party opposed to 
 the Democratic party, the first number of which was issued 
 Nov. 30, 1830. Mr. Hannum was a teacher, and Mr. 
 Hemphill was a rising young lawyer of the Chester County 
 
 bar. 
 
 Messrs. Hannum & Hemphill conducted the Advocate 
 until April 3, 1832, when Mr. Hemphill sold out his 
 interest to John Hickman and William Whitehead, and 
 
330 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 the names then nailed to the mast-head as publishers were 
 Hannum, Hickman & Co. This arrangement continued 
 but a few months, as on July 31, 1832, John T. Denny 
 and William Whitehead became editors and proprietors. 
 On June 18, 1833, Mr. Denny retired, and was succeeded 
 by John Bicking, and the paper was conducted by Bicking 
 & Whitehead until April 8, 1834, when it was sold by 
 them to a company of gentlemen in the interest of the 
 Whig party, then just coming into notice. The Advocate 
 had strongly urged the elevation of Henry Clay to the 
 Presidency. 
 
 The National Eepuhlican Advocate was discontinued, 
 and a newspaper called the Whig was started, the first num- 
 ber bearing date the 15th of April, 1834, and having at its 
 head as the editor and proprietor Simeon Siegfried, who 
 had formerly been one of the proprietors of the American 
 Republican. While Mr. Siegfried was the publisher and 
 the ostensible editor, the political matter was largely, if not 
 wholly, furnished by others, notably by Dr. William Dar- 
 lington, William H. Dillingham, Townsend Haines, and 
 William Williamson. It was proposed at first to call the 
 paper the Independent Democrat, but that was changed 
 for the Whig, it being thought that this name, which was 
 associated with the patriotic memories of the Revolution, 
 would be popular and draw supporters. Its motto was, 
 " True to the principles of '76." Mr. Siegfried, the pub- 
 lisher of the new venture, had always theretofore been a 
 Democrat, and had supported Gen. Jackson for the Presi- 
 dency ; but he was not satisfied with the course of the 
 President in making war upon the Bank of the United 
 States, and was willing to publish a journal which was an- 
 tagonistic to him. Mr. Siegfried published the Whig in 
 West Chester until May, 1835. 
 
 The ofiGice of the Literary Casket in West Chester was 
 on the east side of Church Street, three doors north of 
 Market Street, and immediately south of the present drug- 
 store of Joseph S. Evans. Its successor, the National Re- 
 publican Advocate, was for a time published in the same 
 place, and then removed to the basement of the row of of- 
 fices east of the Mansion House, then called the Chester 
 County Hotel, on Market Street, under the late ofiice of 
 John H. Brinton, Esq. The Whig was also published in 
 the latter place, and the sign " Whig office" can still be 
 read on the lintel over the door leading to the basement. 
 
 In 1835 the Democratic party had become divided on 
 the subject of the nomination for Governor of Pennsylvania. 
 One wing of the party had nominated Henry A. Muhlen- 
 berg, and the other George Wolf, who had then been Gov- 
 ernor six years, and both were in the field as candidates for 
 the suffrages of the people. The American Republican was 
 in the interest of Muhlenberg, and its editors supported its 
 claims. The Wolf wing of the party desiring an organ in 
 Chester County, they arranged with Mr. Siegfried that he 
 should discontinue the Whig and establish a paper which 
 should advocate the claims of Wolf. The Whig was not 
 self supporting, there being two other papers of the same 
 party or combination of parties in the county, — the Village 
 Record and Register and Examiner, — and Mr. Siegfried 
 readily consented to do so, as he was really in principle a 
 Democrat. 
 
 Mr. Siegfried, in pursuance of this arrangement, discon- 
 tinued the Whig and removed his establishment to Down- 
 ingtown, and there, in May, 1835, started the RepMican 
 Standard and Democratic Journal in the interest of Wolf. 
 It was published in the firm-name of George W. Mason & 
 Co., Mr. Siegfried being the other member of the firm, and 
 was edited by Nimrod Strickland (among others) ; but the 
 names of the editors were not announced, — simply that of 
 the publishers. It was very ably edited, but after the elec- 
 tion, which, owing to the division in the Democratic ranks, 
 resulted in the election of Joseph Ritner, the publication 
 of the paper ceased. George W. Mason, one of the pub- 
 lishers, then removed to Elmira, N. Y., and became con- 
 nected with the Elmira Gazette, which he published with 
 success for several years. 
 
 Each wing of the party during the contest which com- 
 menced with the strife between the friends of Barnard 
 and of Wolf, and which continued with more or less acri- 
 mony until after the election of Ritner, called itself the 
 Democratic party. Those who were represented by the 
 American Republican, however, always spoke of the other 
 wing as " Protestants," from their publishing a " protesta- 
 tion" against the proceedings of a county meeting naming 
 Barnard as a candidate, and electing delegates in his favor 
 to the State convention. The other side represented that 
 the meeting was not called at the usual time and manner, 
 and that it did not truly represent the party. The result 
 was the calling of another meeting, and the naming of 
 delegates in favor of Wolf, who were^dmitted to seats in- 
 the State convention, as has been already mentioned. The 
 next year after the election of Ritner the divisions in the 
 party were healed in the election of Van Buren to the 
 Presidency. 
 
 In September, 1831, Simeon Siegfried commenced the 
 publication in West Chester of the Temperance Advocate. 
 This paper he conducted in West Chester until May, 1835, 
 when he removed it to Downingtown, and continued its 
 publication there until September, 1835, when it was 
 merged into a paper published in Philadelphia, called the 
 Philanthropist. 
 
 Mr. Siegfried, who, it will be seen, was thus at different 
 periods connected with the publication of the American 
 Republican, Temperance Advocate, Whig, and Republican 
 Standard, was a native of Bucks Co., Pa., where he was 
 born Sept. 23, 1797. He learned the printing business 
 with Asher Miner, in the office of the Correspondent, at 
 Doylestown, and, after conducting papers at different points 
 for limited periods, he came to West Chester in 1824 and 
 purchased the American Republican. He was ordained as 
 a Baptist minister on April 14, 1827, and was pastor of 
 the Goshen Baptist Church, in Chester County, for several 
 years, finally ceasing to be pastor there in July, 1835. 
 After he ceased to publish the Republican Standard he 
 removed to Philadelphia, and fVom there, in 1839, to West- 
 ern Pennsylvania, where, and in Western Virginia and 
 Ohio, he was at difi^erent periods connected with papers in 
 the interests of religion and temperance, and was also en- 
 gaged in ministerial labors. In 1872 he returned to 
 Chester County, and resided here until October, 1873, 
 when he returned to Ohio, and, afler being pastor of a 
 
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. 
 
 331 
 
 church there for a time, removed to Evansville, Ind., where 
 he died Nov. 10, 1879, at the age of eighty-two years. His 
 son. Rev. Simeon Siegfried, Jr., died a short time before 
 him. His grandson. Rev. T. J. Siegfried, is now (1881) 
 pastor of a Baptist Church in Conshohocken, Pa. 
 
 Nathan Siegfried, who was connected with Alexander 
 Marshall in the publication of the Literary Casket at the 
 Yellow Springs in 1829, was a younger brother of Simeon 
 Siegfried. He afterwards was employed in the office of 
 the Saturday Evening Post, of Philadelphia, and subse- 
 quently became a Baptist clergyman. He is now deceased. 
 
 On March 1, 1836, William Jenkins, who had been asso- 
 ciated with Henry S. Evans in the publication of the 
 Wayneshurg Press, and with Caleb H. Kinnard in the 
 publication of the American Spectator, in Downingtown, 
 commenced in Coatesville the publication of the General 
 Advertiser and Journal of the Times. It was published 
 by him about two years, when he failed and the publication 
 of the paper ceased. The press and printing materials were 
 purchased by John S. Bowen and Benjamin I. Miller, who 
 in May, 1838, started a newspaper in the interests of that part 
 of the Whig party which advocated a distinct organization. 
 This new venture was called the Coatesville Star, and was 
 edited by John S. Bowen. George Shidell, the foreman in 
 the office, became after a time the owner and publisher. 
 After being conducted in Coatesville about one year, it was 
 removed to West Chester, and the name changed to that of 
 the American Star, and soon thereafter, in June, 1839, 
 Townsend Haines, Esq., became the editor and proprietor. 
 It was printed in an office which stood on the site now oc- 
 cupied by the First National Bank of West Chester, on 
 High Street. The party of which it was the oi-gan advo- 
 cated the formation of an independent county ticket, and 
 the purpose was accomplished. In the autumn of 1839 
 two tickets were placed in the field, one by those calling 
 themselves the distinctive Whig party, and the other by 
 a union of Whigs and Anti-Masons. The ticket of the 
 distinctive Whigs was formed on a Monday, and that of 
 the Whigs and Anti-Masons combined on a Tuesday. The 
 people, ever fruitful in giving distinctive names, soon 
 dubbed the first the " Monday" Whig ticket, and the other 
 the " Tuesday" Whig ticket. As a consequence of this 
 division of forces the entire Democratic county ticket was 
 elected. The next year the Presidential campaign united 
 the warring factions and consolidated those opposed to the 
 re-election of Van Burcn and in favor of the election of 
 Harrison into one party, and the term Anti-Mason was 
 dropped, and the party became known simply as the Whig 
 party. The term " Monday Whig" was long used in speak- 
 ing of the divisions of those days, and is yet occasionally 
 heard in the conversations of our older citizens on past 
 political events. 
 
 The publication of the American Star was continued 
 until Aug. 23, 18-11, when the establishment was sold 
 by Townsend Haines to Asher M. Wright and Alfred 
 J. Creyon. These gentlemen discontinued the publi- 
 cation of the American Star, and established a new 
 paper, called the Independent Journal and Working- 
 man's Advocate, the first number of which they issued 
 Aug. 31, 1841. The first name. Independent Journal, 
 
 having beeu the title of the paper formerly published in 
 Downingtown by Fairlamb & Plitt, this was called a new 
 series. The Journal was neutral in politics. The publish- 
 ers, however, soon found that in that character it could not 
 be made successful, and on Oct. 4, 1842, they discontinued 
 it and established the Jeffersonian in the interests of the 
 Democratic party. 
 
 On Sept. 5, 1843, John Hodgson commenced the publi- 
 cation of the West Chester Herald. It was published, 
 however, but one month, and on Oct. 3, 1843, was united 
 with the Jeffersonian. The latter paper had at that time 
 been suspended five months, but was resuscitated, and on 
 the union with the Herald the publication was resumed, 
 under the title of the Jeffersonian and Democratic Her- 
 ald, — the latter name as a sub-title, — and published by 
 John Hodgson and Asher M. Wright. Mr. Wright's con- 
 nection with the paper ceased in February, 1845, and John 
 Hodgson was sole proprietor from that time until 1866, 
 when he was succeeded by his son, William H. Hodgson, 
 who is still at the helm. The Jeffersonian through all the 
 vicissitudes of parties has been a Democratic paper. 
 
 On Nov. 19, 1872, Mr. Hodgson commenced the publi- 
 cation of the Daily Local News, the first daily paper es- 
 tablished in West Chester, which is still published. It is 
 neutral in politics, and is edited by Wilmer W. Thomson. 
 
 The Jeffersonian was published for several years in the 
 basement of the building east of the Mansion House, on 
 Market Street, where its predecessor, the Independent 
 Journal, has also had its home. It was removed from there 
 to its present location, on the west side of High Street, 
 south of Market, about the year 1860. 
 
 The year 1829 saw the rise of two weekly papers in the 
 interest of the Anti-Masonic party, then becoming a power 
 in the county. The first was called the Anti-Masonic Regis- 
 ter, and was established by Joseph Painter in West Chester 
 on the 1st of October, 1829. The second was called the 
 Anti-Masonic Examiner, and was started in Coatesville by 
 Dr. John D. Perkins very shortly thereafter. There was 
 not room, however, for both these papers to receive a living 
 support, and in September, 1831, Joseph Painter purchased 
 the Examiner from Dr. Perkins and united it with his 
 own, giving it the title of the Anti-Masonic Register and 
 Chester County Examdner. The Anti-Masonic party cul- 
 minated in the election of Joseph Ritner to be Governor of 
 Pennsylvania, and soon after the close of his administra- 
 tion the name ceased to be used as that of a distinct politi- 
 cal party, and its fortunes were united with the Whig 
 party. 
 
 Mr. Painter, in January, 1836, dropped the distinctive 
 title from his paper, and thereafter called it the Register 
 and Examiner. He continued to publish it until Jan. 1, 
 1851, when he sold it to John S. Bowen and James M. 
 Meredith, both of whom were members of the Chester 
 County bar. They greatly enlarged and improved it, and 
 sought to make it a successful paper, but, it not proving a 
 remunerative investment, it was in 1854 sold to Henry S. 
 Evans. He continued the publication of it for a short time 
 as the Register and Examiner, in the name of William 
 Baker & Co., but it soon became absorbed into the Village 
 Record, which from that time became semi-weekly, under 
 
332 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 the name of the Village Record and Register and Exam- 
 iner. The title of Register and Examiner was, however, 
 soon dropped. 
 
 Bowen & Meredith also published the Pennsylvania 
 Farm Journal. Prior to the sale of the Register and 
 Examiner to Henry S. Evans, they had dissolved partner- 
 ship, Mr. Bowen becoming sole proprietor of the Register 
 and Examiner, and Mr. Meredith of the Pennsylvania 
 Farm Journal. The latter periodical was subsequently 
 removed by Mr. Meredith to Philadelphia, and its publica- 
 tion continued there. 
 
 The office of the Register and Examiner was first at the 
 southeast corner of New and Market Streets, where it re- 
 mained about a year. It was removed from there to a 
 frame building on the south side of Market Street, east of 
 the Mansion House. After a time this building was re- 
 moved to the north side of Market Street, a short distance 
 west of Ghiirch, and continued to be occupied by the print- 
 ing-office until it was torn down and another building 
 erected on its site. The office was then removed to the 
 south side of Market Street, between Church and Darling- 
 ton, and thence to the south side of Market, between 
 Church and High, where it remained until the paper was 
 sold to H. S. Evans and united with the Village Record. 
 
 Henry Bosee, on his retirement from the American Re- 
 puldican, in 1853, projected the Independent Herald, the 
 publication of which he commenced on Jan. 1, 1854, in 
 West Chester. He published it one year, and then sold 
 it to Lewis Marshall, who conducted it from Jan. 1, 1855, 
 until May 1, 1856, with William Whitehead as associate 
 editor one year of that time. William L. and Edwin F. 
 James then became proprietors, and published it from May 
 1, 1856, to Feb. 6, 1857, under the name of the Independ- 
 ent Herald and Free American, when they disposed of it 
 to Samuel R. Downing and John J. Pinkerton. These 
 gentlemen conducted it under the same name until April 
 25, 1857, when they changed it to the Chester County 
 Times. On March 20, 1858, Mr. Pinkerton retired, and 
 Mr. Downing became sole editor and proprietor. On Aug. 
 1, 1858, E. W. Capron became editor, Mr. Downing re- 
 maining the proprietor. The paper was a weekly from its 
 commencement until July 9, 1861, when it became semi- 
 weekly, under the title of the Chester County Semi- 
 Weekly Times. On Jan. 1, 1863, the Times was sold by 
 Mr. Downing to George W. Pearce, and consolidated by 
 him with the American Republican, which he was then 
 publishing. 
 
 The Herald was started in the building which had been 
 occupied by the Register and Examiner, on the south side 
 of Market Street, between Church and Darlington. It 
 was after a time removed to the room over the present 
 office of William E. Barber, where it and its successor, the 
 Chester County Times, remained until the latter was sold 
 to the Republican. 
 
 In December, 1836, Jason M. Mahan, who resided in 
 Sadsbury township, and was engaged in the silk- culture, 
 then becoming quite popular, projected the Silk-Grower^s 
 Instructor and, Farmer s Friend. It was an octavo pam- 
 phlet of sixteen pages, and was issued monthly ; but instruc- 
 tion in silk-growing did not seem to be sufficiently in de- 
 
 mand to warrant its publication, and only a few numbers 
 were printed. 
 
 About 1836, when the controversy between the Coloni- 
 zationists and Abolitionists was engaging the attention of 
 the people, a paper called the Colonization Herald was 
 started in Coatesville, but only a few numbers were issued. 
 The publisher was a gentleman by the name of Walton. 
 
 In 1839 a temperance paper called The Bee was pub- 
 lished in West Chester, under the editorial supervision of 
 Cyrus P. Painter and others. It was printed at the office 
 of the Register and. Examiner, and ran about six months. 
 
 About 1847, Caleb N. Thornbury commenced the pub- 
 lication in West Chester of a paper devoted to the temper- 
 ance cause, called the Crystal Fountain, which was pub- 
 lished about one year. 
 
 On tlie 6th of October, 1846, Samuel Moses and John 
 Lewis commenced the publication of the Phoenix Gazette, 
 the earliest attempt at journalism in Phoenixville. It was 
 a weekly sheet, and in its local and editorial columns dis- 
 played both zeal and ability. After an experience of two 
 months in journalistic management, Moses sold his interest 
 to Benjamin P. Davis and withdrew. 
 
 About this time Bayard Taylor and Frederick E. Fos- 
 ter, the former of whom had recently returned from his 
 first trip to Europe, had made arrangements to issue a 
 weekly newspaper in Chester County, which they contem- 
 plated establishing in West Chester. Through the repre- 
 sentations of friends they were induced to change its loca- 
 tion to Phoenixville, in the belief that they would find 
 greater mail facilities and equal opportunities for obtaining 
 a circulation. They purchased the Gazette, and issued, 
 Dec. 29, 1846, the first number of the Phoenixville Pio- 
 neer, a journal of decided literary ability, but the pecuniary 
 success of which did not equal the anticipations of its edi- 
 tors. Taylor left it Jan. 4, 1848, and became an assistant 
 editor of the Mew York Tribune, and Foster, in conjunc- 
 tion with S. L. Hughes, continued its publication until 
 Feb. 21, 1849, which was the date of the last number. 
 
 After the publication of the Pioneer had ceased, the 
 Phoenix Ledger and the Iron Man had each a short and 
 uneventful existence during the years 1849 and 1850. 
 The Ledger was published by Messrs. Hughes & Greene; 
 and with the Iron Man, A. J. H. Duganne, a poet of con- 
 siderable reputation, was associated. 
 
 On the 4th of April, 1857, John Royer and his son, 
 John H. Royer, issued the first number of the Weeldy 
 Phoenix, which name was subsequently changed to the 
 Phoenix, and then to the Independent Phoenix. In 1871 
 the paper passed into the hands of Vosburg N. Shaffer, 
 who changed the name to that of the Phcenixvilh Inde- 
 pendent. Mr. Shaffer, in addition to the weekly edition, 
 publishes also a daily, called the Daily Independent. 
 
 In 1860, Col. J. H. Puleston started the Pennsylvania 
 Guardian ; but in 1861 , having been appointed by Governor 
 A. G. Curtin, State agent for Pennsylvania at Washington, 
 he abandoned the effort and removed to that city. He now 
 resides in England, and is a member of Parliament. 
 
 The next journalistic attempt in Phoenixville was 
 made by Wilmer W. Thomson. His first publication was 
 Everybody's Business, an advertising sheet circulated free 
 
NEWSPAPEKS AND PEKIODICALS. 
 
 333 
 
 of charge. The first number was issued Oct. 17, 1868, 
 and the paper was published weekly for a period of three 
 months. He then, on Jan. 23, 1869, established the 
 Legal Tender, which was, until Aug. 21, 1869, an adver- 
 tising sheet. It then became a regular subscription heb- 
 domadal, and was published by Price & Thomson about 
 seven months, when its publication ceased. Mr. Thomson 
 soon thereafter became editor of the West Chester Daily 
 Local News, and still continues at his post. He is a gen- 
 tleman whose talent in the use of both pen and pencil has 
 won for him deserved reputation. 
 
 In 1870 the Phaenixville Repiiblican was projected by 
 John Pawling, but only one number of the paper was 
 issued. 
 
 In January, 1871, David Euen and Hadloy Lamborn 
 established the Messenger. In February, 1873, they dis- 
 posed of it to John 0. K. Eobarts, by whom it has since 
 been published. It is now called the Phoenixmlle Messen- 
 ger, and is a well-edited weekly sheet of large size. 
 
 The Phoenix Journal is a weekly paper, published by 
 Frank M. Yeager. It dates from April, 1873. 
 
 Henry L. Brinton was the pioneer printer in Oxford, 
 and commenced business there in 1861. He established 
 the Oxford Press, the initial number of which was issued 
 Feb. 14, 1866. On Jan. 1, 1870, he sold a half-interest 
 in the paper to George D. Hayes, and it was conducted by 
 Brinton & Hayes until 1871, when he sold his other half- 
 interest to E. Howard Rollins, and the firm became George 
 D. Hayes & Co. Sept. 1, 1875, Rollins sold his half-inter- 
 est to John I. Moore and R. Frank Cochran, the firm- 
 name remaining unchanged, and they in turn, in March, 
 1876, sold it to Henry L. Brinton, the original proprietor, 
 and the paper has since that time been conducted by Hayes 
 & Brinton as editors and proprietors. It is independent 
 in politics, of high moral tone, and is well sustained. 
 
 The Farmers' Club, a monthly journal, devoted to the 
 interests of agriculture, was published by Franklin P. Le- 
 fevre, in Oxford, from October, 1871, for about three 
 years. 
 
 The Oxford Repuhlican yias, published by George C. 
 Stroman & Co. from March 28, 1874, to July 25, 1874. 
 It was issued weekly. 
 
 The Oxford News had a very brief existence. It ap- 
 peared and vanished 
 
 "Like the lightaing, that doth cease to be 
 Ere one can say it lightens !" 
 
 Kennet Square, although quite a village in the days of 
 the Revolution, and situated in the midst of an intelligent 
 community, was without a newspaper until 1855. On the 
 21st of July of that year B. F. Coles issued the first num- 
 ber of the Kennet Square Free Press, a five-column folio, 
 nineteen by twenty-six inches. The printing materials had 
 been procured the previous winter in Media, and conveyed 
 to Kennet Square on a sled, and a jobbing-office had been 
 conducted for some months previous to the publication of 
 the paper. The prospectus announced that the Free Press 
 would be devoted to literature and local news, and the 
 initial number contained a poem by Bayard Taylor and 
 sketches of Scandinavia, with translations from Hans Chris- 
 
 tian Andersen, by Barclay Pennock. The paper was edited 
 by Dr. Franklin Taylor, who, with Barclay Pennock, ac- 
 companied Bayard Taylor on his first visit to Europe, — the 
 visit so graphically described in " Views Afoot ; or, Europe 
 seen with Knapsack and Staff." The paper was, for the 
 times, well printed and conducted with rare ability. On 
 the 16th of October, 1855, D. J. Godshalk became asso- 
 ciated with Coles in its publication. After a time the 
 publication of the paper ceased. 
 
 On Jan. 14, 1871, the first number of the Weekly Leader 
 was issued at Kennet Square by H. M. Worth & Co. as 
 publishers, and Swithin C. Shortlidge as editor. It was a 
 seven-column folio, twenty-three by thirty-six inches, and 
 soon attained a considerable circulation. In July, 1872, it 
 was increased to a nine-column folio, and was published 
 semi-weekly by the " Leader Association," a Saturday 
 edition being issued at Kennet Square, und.er the title of 
 the Kennet Leader, and a Wednesday edition at Oxford, 
 called the Oxford Leader, the first number of which was 
 issued March 20, 1872. The journal was devoted mainly 
 to local news, and was Republican in politics until the Presi- 
 dential campaign of 1872, when it advocated the election 
 of Horace Greeley. The editorial management of the paper 
 was above that usually attained by local journals, and it 
 enjoyed a deserved popularity until the business depression 
 of 1872-73 began to be felt in all departments of trade, 
 when, the Leader Association becoming financially involved, 
 the publication of the paper was suspended, in February, 
 1873. The effects of the two offices were sold in March 
 of the same year, and were purchased by Joseph Short- 
 lidge. 
 
 In April, 1873, the Kennet Leader was resuscitated by 
 William W. Polk, an attachi of the office, then under age, 
 and conducted by him until July of the same year, when, 
 finding the business was not remunerative, he abandoned iti 
 
 Kennet Square was then without a journal until Janu- 
 ary, 1877, when Theodore D. Hadley and J. Frank Hel- 
 ton commenced the publication of the Kennet News and 
 Advertiser, a six-column folio, seventeen by thirty-two 
 inches. The paper was neutral in politics and devoted to 
 local and general news, and soon attained a good circulation. 
 On the 1st of July of the same year Mr. Holton withdrew, 
 and Mr. Hadley assumed the entire control, enlarged the 
 paper to a seven-column folio, twenty-four by thirty-eight 
 inches, and still conducts it. 
 
 On the 4th of August, 1877, the first number of the 
 Kennet Advance, a weekly paper, was issued by William 
 W. Polk and William H. Phillips, with Mr. Polk as editor. 
 It was a seven -column folio, twenty-four by thirty-eight 
 inches. Republican in politics, and especially devoted to the 
 collation of home news. On the 1st of June, 1878, Mr. 
 Polk purchased the interest of Mr. Phillips, and soon 
 thereafter enlarged the paper to an eight-column folio, 
 twenty-six by forty inches. It is still edited and published 
 by him. 
 
 Dr. Edmund C. Evans edited and published the Rural 
 Economist in West Chester for one year, — from April, 
 1861, to April 1, 1862. It was a monthly of thirty-two 
 pages, and was devoted to agriculture, horticulture, and 
 rural affairs. 
 
334 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 The American Stock Journal, a thirty-two-page octavo 
 monthly, was founded by Nelson P. Boyer & Co. at Gum 
 Tree village, iq Highland township, in September, 1864. 
 In 1868 the office of publication was removed to Parkes- 
 burg, where they continued to publish it until about June, 
 1871, after which it was published at the same place by 
 the American Stock Journal Company, Robert A. Young 
 manager, until January, 1875, when the office was pur- 
 chased by Potts Brothers. The Journal was suspended by 
 the purchasers until October, 1875, when it was revived by 
 them and published until December, 1878, and then dis- 
 continued. 
 
 The Parkeshurg Herald was established by Robert A. 
 Young in January, 1874, and published by him one year, 
 when it was purchased by A. H. Potts & Co., and the 
 name changed to that of the Chester County Times, under 
 which title they have published it weekly to the present 
 time. The Herald was a four-page, five-column weekly. 
 The Times is now a four-page, eight-column weekly. 
 
 The Ray was founded by Rev. J. L. Landis in August, 
 1877, and has been published monthly at Parkesburg since 
 that time. 
 
 The Farmers^ Magazine, a monthly farm and poultry 
 journal of sixteen pages, is published at Parkesburg by 
 Potts Brothers. It dates from March, 1880. 
 
 The Parkeshurg Trade Journal is a four-page monthly, 
 published by H. M. Bowman. It was commenced in 1880. 
 
 The Chester County Times Printing and Publishing 
 House of A. H. Potts & Co., at Parkesburg, is extensively 
 engaged in printing papers and journals which are pub- 
 lished at various other points. 
 
 The Chester Valley Union, a large, non-partisan weekly, 
 published in Coatesville, was established in June, 1863. It 
 is edited by William J. Kauffman and Joseph C. KauflF- 
 man, and published by the former. 
 
 The Chester County Farmer, a monthly agricultural 
 journal, was established at Coatesville in 1879 by Joseph 
 C. Kauffman. 
 
 The Weekly Times is published in Coatesville. It -was 
 started by William R. Ash, Esq., in 1879, and after being 
 conducted by him one year, it was disposed of to the pres- 
 ent proprietor, C. P. Jenkins. 
 
 A paper called the Coatesville Times had been published 
 previously for about two years. 
 
 The American Stock Journal, formerly published at 
 Parkesburg, is now (1880) published at Coatesville by 
 N. P. Boyer & Co. 
 
 In August, 1866, Joshua Kames, at the head of a com- 
 bination known as the '' Journal Company," commenced in 
 Downingtown the publication of the Chester County Jour- 
 nal, with Joseph Pepper as manager. On Aug. 29, 1868, 
 Mr. Pepper became its proprietor. It was subsequently 
 owned for a short time by Potter & Cordery, and was after- 
 wards managed for a period by W. H. Hineline, and he 
 was succeeded by William 8. Kames. It was a large and 
 enterprising paper and well edited, but becoming unprofit- 
 able, the publication ceased in 1873. 
 
 The Downingtown Independent was established Sept. 25, 
 1873, by Potter & Cordery. It was a neat and spirited 
 sheet and promised success, but, the senior partner dying, 
 
 Cordery sold the paper to Professor F. Dunleavy Long, and 
 he again to a Mr. Cochran, who in turn sold to Harry L. 
 Skeen in November, 1874. In January, 1875, the name 
 was changed to the Chester County Archive, an odd but very 
 suggestive title. Mr. Skeen still continues at the helm. 
 
 The Commercial Advertiser was a four-page monthly of 
 eight columns each, published in West Chester by James 
 P. Taylor and F. S- Hickman from August, 1867, to Au- 
 gust, 1868, — one year. 
 
 The Spring City Sun, a weekly paper, was established 
 in 1872, by John H. Royer, the present editor and pro- 
 prietor. Mr. Royer was formerly connected with the In- 
 dependent Phoenix, of Phoenixville. 
 
 The Green Tree and Malvern Item is published weekly 
 at the Green Tree Station, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, in 
 Willistown township, by Herbert L. Gill, by whom it was 
 established Nov. 30, 1878. Mr. Gill is a son of ex-Sheriff 
 Davis Gill. 
 
 In the autumn of 1876, William Nesbit commenced the 
 publication at Kimbleville of a paper called the Item, 
 which ran about two years. He then started there the 
 Register, which was for a time a semi-monthly, and then 
 became a weekly. Its publication ceased some time in 
 1879, and the publisher removed to Philadelphia, and soon 
 thereafter died. 
 
 The Honeybrook Graphic, a weekly paper, was estab- 
 lished at Honeybrook (formerly Waynesburg), Feb. 15, 
 
 1879, by J. Henry Long, and conducted by him until 
 August 8th of the same year, when he disposed of it to 
 Jesse I. Dauman, who has since then been editor and 
 proprietor. Mr. Dauman has had a job printing-office at 
 Honeybrook since April, 1869. 
 
 The Chester County Democrat is published in West 
 Chester. The first number was issued Sept. 11, 1879. It 
 was published by J. Henry Long and George R. Guss, under 
 the firm-name of J. Henry Long & Co., until Septeijiber, 
 
 1880, when Mr. Guss purchased the interest of Mr. Long, 
 and has since been the sole proprietor. It is, as its name in- 
 dicates, an organ of the Democratic party. It is the second 
 paper bearing that name that has been published in Chester 
 County. The first has been already referred to as having 
 been commenced in Downingtown in 1830, and united with 
 the American Republican in 1833. 
 
 Ulie Day Spring, a weekly paper, devoted to temper- 
 ance, literature, and general news, was commenced at New 
 London in March, 1853, by Edward E. Orvis. Soon 
 afterwards John Larkin became associated with Mr. Orvis 
 in the printing business and as one of the editors, and the 
 paper was published by them until Oct. 29, 1853, when it 
 was sold to Pearsol & Geist, of the Saturday Express, a 
 temperance paper published at Lancaster. 
 
 Mr. Orvis also conducted at New London the Christian 
 Union and Religious Review, a monthly periodical of 
 thirty-two pages, in pamphlet form, devoted to the 
 interests of the religious denomination called by themselves 
 the Disciples, more familiarly known as the Campbellites, 
 from Alexander Campbell, who was a leading minister 
 among them. Mr. Orvis was a minister of that denomina- 
 tion, and had charge of a church near New London. This 
 perodical was published from about 1853 to 1856. 
 

 (.'!i 
 
 
 mm If 
 
 V :, 
 
 
 
AGRICULTURAL. 
 
 335 
 
 Mr. Larkin, in December, 1855, purchased the printing- 
 press and materials formerly owned by Bayard Taylor and 
 Frederick E. Foster, with which the Fhcenixville Pioneer 
 had been printed, and after carrying on a job-office in 
 Phoenixville until April, 1856, removed it to East Brandy- 
 wine township, where he conducted a job-office until May, 
 1870. 
 
 The Medical Reporter was a quarterly journal, published 
 under the direction of the Chester and Delaware County 
 Medical Societies, and was printed at West Chester by 
 Henry S. Evans. The publication commenced in July, 
 1853, and continued for three years. It was an octavo, 
 each number having thirty-two pages, and contained matters 
 of interest to the medical profession ; the numbers for the 
 three years forming a convenient-sized volume for binding, a 
 title-page and general index were given in the last number. 
 
 The want of a magazine for children and young folks 
 among members of the Society of Friends being exten- 
 sively felt, a proposition was made in the society to Mrs. 
 Esther K. Smedley, wife of Dr. R. C. Smedley, of West 
 Chester, in the spring of 1866, to edit and publish such a 
 periodical. The project met with such immediate and 
 hearty approval that she consented to do so, and the publi- 
 lication of the Children's Friend, a monthly juvenile 
 magazine, was commenced in May of that year. It was 
 an illustrated octavo of twenty-four pages, which was after- 
 wards twice increased in size and the number of pages. In 
 1867 the editor was assisted by Lydia H. Hall. In 1872, 
 owing to failing health, Mrs. Smedley parted with the 
 magazine to her sister, Mrs. Anna F. Bradley, of Coates- 
 ville, who continued its publication until November, 1875, 
 when it was disposed of to Mary Y. Hough, of Philadel- 
 phia, by whom it has since been edited. 
 
 Scattered Seeds is an illustrated monthly of sixteen 
 pages, small quarto, edited by Lydia H. Hall, of West 
 
 Chester. It is designed for the use of children, and is 
 mainly circulated in schools, and is very popular, as is 
 shown by its circulation, which is now about five thousand 
 seven hundred copies. Although edited by a Friend, and 
 circulating largely in Friends' schools, it is strictly non- 
 sectarian in its contents, and may be made a welcome visitor 
 in all families. 
 
 The Christian 'Sunbeam was a monthly religions paper, 
 under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Its publication commenced in March, 1878, and ended in 
 March, 1880. It was edited by Rev. S. N. Chew, pastor 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church of West Chester, and 
 printed by F. S. Hickman. 
 
 Our Monthly is a Presbyterian journal, edited by Rev. 
 Benjamin T. Jones, pastor of the Presbyterian Church of 
 West Chester, and published by F. 8. Hickman. It is 
 designed to convey religious instruction to the people, and 
 has been published since July, 1879. 
 
 The Student is a monthly journal devoted to the inter- 
 ests of education in the Society of Friends. It is an 
 octavo of twenty-four pages, and is edited by Isaac Sharp- 
 less, profe.ssor in Haverford College, and Watson W. 
 Dewees, a teacher in the Westtown Friends' Boarding- 
 School. Its publication dates from September, 1880. 
 
 The Chester County Reporter is a weekly legal journal 
 of twelve pages, largo octavo, edited by James Monaghan, 
 Esq., of the West Chester bar. It contains the proceed- 
 ings and decisions of the courts of Chester County, and 
 legal notices, and is devoted to the interests of the bar and 
 of the business public. The first number was issued April 
 6, 1880. 
 
 The Brandy-wine Review, a monthly advertising sheet, 
 is edited by George B. Eager, and published by McLaughlin 
 & Zook, at Coatesville. The first number was issued in 
 June, 1881. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL. 
 
 Chester is essentially an agricultural county, and must 
 have been so recognized at an early day, as a plow was the 
 leading device of its first official seal in 1683.* We may 
 suppose that at the advent of Europeans in this country, 
 the surface was generally covered with forests, the Indians 
 having a few patches here and there upon which they raised 
 the corn which bears their name. Timber being abundant, 
 and but little in demand compared with the present, the 
 early settlers probably killed the trees by girdling with an 
 axe, and planted the intervening spaces, leaving the tree to 
 decay, and burning the branches as they fell. In an obituary 
 
 * This seal, of which a representation is given on page 26, was 
 used for more than one hundred years. The present seal differs from 
 it widely. 
 
 of Mary Newlin, of Concord, who died in 1790, in her one 
 hundred and second year, it is stated that she was born in 
 Thornbury township, and " remembered when her father 
 and others deaded the timber and burned the leaves, and 
 hoed in their wheat by hand, there being few horses and 
 scarce a plow in the settlement ; that the natives were very 
 kind to them, supplying them with bear's meat, venison, 
 wild fowl, and eggs in plenty, and thought the white people 
 conferred an obligation on them by receiving it." The pro- 
 cess of " clearing" and bringing the land into subjection 
 must have been necessarily very slow. The number of 
 acres of sowed land in 1784 is shown in the following 
 table, the townships named being selected from different 
 parts of the county as representatives of the whole : 
 
336 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY", PENNSYLVANIA; 
 
 Birmingham 
 
 East Bradl'ord 
 
 East Cain 
 
 Concord 
 
 Upper Darby 
 
 Haverford 
 
 Londongrove 
 
 EastNantmeal.... 
 East Nottingham 
 
 Pikeland 
 
 Badnor 
 
 Sadsbury , 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Thornbury 
 
 East Whiteland... 
 West Whiteland.. 
 
 69 
 74 
 
 132 
 62 
 60 
 49 
 77 
 83 
 
 109 
 82 
 79 
 63 
 36 
 52 
 42 
 40 
 
 6,898 
 
 9,440 
 
 19,195 
 
 7,452 
 
 6,395 
 
 5,664 
 
 9,606 
 
 16,539 
 
 13,784 
 
 10,283 
 
 7,138 
 
 11,971 
 
 4,086 
 
 7,129 
 
 6,724 
 
 6,170 
 
 Sowed. 
 
 620 
 761 
 1342 
 508 
 437 
 491 
 860 
 "932 
 652 
 830 
 570 
 456 
 301 
 586 
 504 
 532 
 
 Acres 
 ID farm. 
 
 117 
 128 
 146 
 120 
 106 
 113 
 125 
 199 
 126 
 125 
 90 
 190 
 113 
 137 
 136 
 154 
 
 Per cent, 
 sowed. 
 
 .09 
 .08 
 .07 
 .07 
 .07 
 .09 
 .09 
 .06 
 .06 
 .08 
 .08 
 .04 
 .07 
 .08 
 .09 
 .08 
 
 At the present time the proportion of wood and other 
 unimproved land probably varies from 5 to 15 per cent., 
 and that of sowed land is about double what it was in 1784, 
 or from 8 to 18 per cent., while the average size of farms 
 is considerably less. 
 
 Indian corn was found under cultivation by the Indians, 
 and has continued to be one of our most important cereals.* 
 Wheat was introduced by the first settlers, while barley, oats, 
 and rye were early cultivated. The Mediterranean wheat 
 was introduced about the year 1838. Barley continued 
 to be cultivated for a long time ; it was principally used in 
 the making of malt, and mostly sold to the Philadelphia 
 brewers. About 1822 the farmers of Chester and Dela- 
 ware Counties, under the impression that the brewers were 
 combined to keep the price of barley at a low figure, organ- 
 ized the " Farmers' Brewery Company," and erected a 
 brewery at Tenth and Filbert Streets, Philadelphia. But 
 this venture was not successful, and after a few years the 
 building was sold at a considerable loss to the stockholders. 
 The raising of barley gradually declined in this county, 
 and after 1840 comparatively little was grown. 
 
 In the earlier days rye seems to have succeeded better 
 than wheat on poor ground, and was frequently used in 
 making bread. Col. William Gibbons, writing of his farm 
 in West Nantmeal, 1779, says, — 
 
 " I do not expect my wheat yielded well, but hope I have a con- 
 siderable quantity of rye, which is good enough for me, and I suppose 
 for any man that sets a right value on his liberty, if the fortune of 
 war gives that turn to our affairs. Sooner would 1 eat rye-bread to 
 my dying day than meanly surrender my liberty and sell posterity. " 
 
 Buckwheat and flax were also generally raised in the 
 county during the last century. But little of either is 
 now grown. Clover was early introduced, it is thought 
 from Lancaster County, as that section seems to have been 
 the source of seed supplied to this county.-j- Notwiih- 
 
 * Several varieties, under the general name of "sweet corn," have 
 been generally raised, and have become increasingly popular as an 
 article of food within the last thirty years. 
 
 f John Taylor, of Thornbury, in writing to a person at Lancaster, 
 1754, says, — 
 
 " Desire James Webb to send me down to James Way's or Downing's mill as 
 mucli red clover -seed as will sow ten acres of land for pasture. I am told it 
 takes two quarts to an acre. If he cannot Bend it down, I must send up on pur- 
 pose for it." 
 
 The following letter, addressed to James Marshall, a brother of 
 Humphry Marshall, of West Bradford, is further evidence on this 
 point : 
 
 standing this early introduction, the practice of sowing 
 clover had not become universal sixty years ago. Forty 
 years since clover-mills were numerous in Chester County, 
 but the greater part of the seed now sown is brought from 
 the West. 
 
 Silk-culture was introduced in Pennsylvania as early as 
 1734, and probably into this county soon after, as we find 
 that in 1771 the quantity of cocoons taken to a public 
 filature established in Philadelphia was a trifle over 1754 
 pounds, of which Chester County produced 335 pounds. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Gazette of Oct. 3, 1771, says, "Jane 
 Davis, of Chester County, claims the prize offered for rais- 
 ing silkworm cocoons." In 1836 the " Chester County 
 Silk Company'' was incorporated, amd organized with a 
 capital of $50,000, and a fair amount of stock was sub- 
 scribed for at once. Some sixteen acres were purchased of 
 what was then known as the " Matlack Estate," in West 
 Chester, now a portion of Hoopes, Brother & Thomas' 
 nurseries, near the Catholic convent. A large cocoonery was 
 erected on or near the site of the residence of Mr. George 
 Thomas, near the railroad. The company during that 
 spring set out a plantation of some four to five acres of 
 white Italian mulberry-trees, presented by the Hon. Charles 
 Miner, editor of the Village Record, and who was then, or 
 shortly before had been, a representative in Congress from 
 Chester County. About this time, or a little before, the 
 new Chinese mulberry (^Morus multicaulus) was introduced 
 from China, which at once sprung into popularity to such 
 an extent that its culture became a speculating, mania. 
 Millions of dollars were invested in it during the winter of 
 1837 and spring of 1838, and such was the increased pro- 
 duct in the fall (as every bud produced a large, salable tree 
 in a season's growth) that the supply greatly exceeded the 
 demand, so that a corresponding reaction came on, and a 
 panic of losses and disasters followed, carrying in its train 
 a loss of confidence in the enterprise, and with that the 
 closing up of hundreds of companies that had been organ- 
 ized as the Chester County Company, fully intending to 
 test the enterprise with the Italian trees. The company 
 continued to operate during the three years named, and in 
 the fall or winter of 1839 disposed of the property and closed 
 up its affairs, leaving the subject in doubt as to whether at 
 that time silk-culture could have been made a profitable 
 branch of productive interest for Chester County.J 
 
 " Respected flfr*. — I herewith send thee one Bushel of Cloverseed, and four 
 Houles of tobacco, as thou will see by the Inclosed account. I Expect I must 
 give the wagoner £1 6d. for Cariage to the signe of ye Ship [Downingtown]. 
 The price of the Clover seed will Not be less than three pounds, it being very 
 scarce to be had. Pleas to take Care of ye Bag, it being None of mine. 
 " Conclude thy 
 
 " LiNOASTEB, 3^ mo. Ist, 1764. ffi-4 James Webb. 
 
 " P. S. I should have sent it sooner but for Want of oppertunaty." 
 
 X June 12, 1838, the West Chester Silk Company had a sale of 
 handkerchiefs manufactured from their own silk. There were thirty- 
 iive, which sold at from $1.75 to $3, and aggregated the sum of $71.05. 
 One of these silk handkerchiefs, together with an interesting col- 
 lection (now relics) of the eulturo of the company named, a box 
 
 containing specimens of silk through all its stages of culture and 
 manufacture, from the cocoon up to sewing-silk, — from the crop of 
 1837, was on exhibition at the State Fair held in Philadelphia in 1880. 
 These specimens, which have been carefully preserved for the past 
 forty-three years, are highly interesting mementoes of the enterprise 
 and skill of the citizens of Chester County in this department of in- 
 dustry at that early day. 
 
AGRICULTURAL. 
 
 337 
 
 Although goats arc said to have been the first domestic 
 animals introduced into the colonies, about 1634,* it is be- 
 lieved the horse was the first in our county to receive 
 special care in breeding. Samuel Holman, of Chester 
 Springs, by his importation of Norman horses in 1851, 
 and John J. Parker, of West Goshen, by his introduction 
 of the Percheron stock in 1869, deserve uioution. Little 
 was done towards improving the breeds of cattle until tlie 
 beginning of the present century. About 1818 some grade 
 Durhams were brought into East Bradford from Kentucky, 
 and after this Joseph Kersey, of Dowuingtown, owned a 
 half-blood bull, " Oakes," which he sold in 1824 to 
 Thomas S. Woodward and others. Joseph Cope, of East 
 Bradford, procured in England in 1839 a cow, " Donna 
 Maria,'' and a yearling calf, " Yorkshireman," from Thomas 
 Bates, of Kirkleavington. From this importation some of 
 the herd-book animals of this county are descended. The 
 Ilolstein cattle were introduced soon after the Durhams, 
 but have not been so popular as the latter. The Spanish 
 merino sheep were introduced here soon after 1810.")" After 
 some time the Saxons found their way to this county, and 
 at a later date the French merinoes, etc. 
 
 By fortunate crossing of blood and careful management 
 this county has produced a breed of hogs, known far and 
 wide as " Chester Whites," which for good qualities rival 
 those of any other variety. 
 
 In the early settlenient of this country, when fences were 
 scarce, and only the cultivated ground was inclosed, all 
 kinds of stock were allowed to run at large, and the farmers 
 identified their own by branding with a hot iron, and by 
 clipping the ears in a certain manner. These peculiar 
 marks were entered upon the court records, and are fre- 
 quently mentioned in the proceedings in Common Pleas. 
 Thus in 1684 it is recorded that "George Maris' cattle- 
 marks, a slitt in the tip of the near year ; his brand marke, 
 G. M." In 1703, " Thomas Woodward's Eare marke is a 
 slit on the top, and a half-penny cut out of the fore side of 
 the near Eare ; his brand is T on ye near shoulder, and W 
 on the near butock." 
 
 One of the county ofiScers of that day was the ranger, J 
 whose duty it was to see that the stock at large were prop- 
 erly marked, and to take up strays. A result of this sys- 
 tem was that, with scanty forage at times, the animals be- 
 came stunted, and by promiscuous interbreeding the stock 
 degenerated in quality. To remedy in part these evils a 
 law was enacted in 1724, by which it was provided that no 
 stallions under a certain age and size should be allowed to 
 run at large, and that the ranger or other interested persons 
 might take proper measures to abate the disadvantages at 
 the owner's cost. Bells were attached to cows that they 
 might more readily be found at milking-time. 
 
 * Hazard's Annals, 50. 
 
 ■j" John D. Steele, Jesse Evans, of Downingtown, and Ziba Viokers, 
 of East Cain, were possessed of Spanish merinoes in 1811. 
 
 J " Notice is hereby given that William Hartley, of Charlestown, 
 Chief Hanger for Chester County, hath now in his hands the follow- 
 ing strays:" being 21 horses & mares, and 3 cows and heifers, 
 
 Apr. 19, 1744. 
 
 William Hartley, ranger of Chester County, advertises 35 horses 
 and mares, 27 of them branded. Apply at his " house in Charles 
 Town in said County." June 28, 1744. 
 
 43 
 
 The number of farms in Chester County in 1784 was 
 3558; the number of horses, 8020; cattle, 10,107; and 
 sheep, 11,896. 
 
 Philadelphia was early, as now, the principal market for 
 the dairy products of Chester County. In the early days 
 butter, eggs, and poultry were taken thither from this 
 county, often by women, on horseback, with butter-pails 
 suspended at the horse's sides. Peddlers also, with horses 
 and carts, gathered up the surplus provisions of those who 
 did not wish to attend market in person. As the demand 
 increased farmers from the eastern townships drove their 
 wagons to the city loaded with produce for the weekly 
 markets. James McClune says that before the opening of 
 the Lancaster turnpike the inhabitants of West Nantmeal, 
 Iloneybrook, and portions of Wallace used the Boot road 
 as the nearest route to market ; ,and that " at an early day 
 the marketing was carried in panniers, arranged for the 
 purpose on each side of the saddle. The farmers forty 
 years ago, and later, seldom went to market more than once 
 a year, with some pork, poultiy, butter, eggs, etc." Now 
 the railroads carry thousands of tons annually tc feed the 
 teeming population of that city, and rapid transit has de- 
 veloped dairy-farming into a prominent interest. A daily 
 supply of many thousand quarts of milk is shipped to 
 Philadelphia from the different railroad stations within the 
 county, while butter-factories, or " creameries," have been 
 established in dififerent parts of the county. 
 
 Gigantic strides of improvement have taken place in 
 agriculture during the past century, not only in the system 
 of rotation of crops, but in the mechanical appliances by 
 which the operations are performed. The plow, although 
 of great antiquity, was a most rude affair even so recently 
 as seventy years ago. Pearson Embree, of West Chester, 
 has one which is said to have been made near East Marl- 
 borough about ninety years ago. It is about ten feet in 
 length, and the heavy but shallow wooden mould-board, near 
 three feet long, is shod with sheet-iron. Such as this were 
 in use in the early part of this century, but some of the 
 mould-boards were without any protecting iron. The beam 
 being low, there was much trouble from choking with grass, 
 stubble, or manure, and it was often a boy's unpleasant 
 duty to walk by the side of the plow to dislodge the accu- 
 mulating rubbish. In 1814, John and Joshua Butler, of 
 Brandywiue township, obtained a patent for a bar-share 
 plow, and soon after 1820 cast-iron mould-boards were used. 
 Thomas Peacock, of Willistown, 1820, was a maker of 
 plows ; but the most popular furrow-turner was the Wiley 
 plow, generally supposed to have been invented by Bernard 
 Wiley, of Kennet Square,§ about the year 1830. 
 
 The first hoe-harrow or cultivator in the neighborhood 
 
 ^ The Kennet Adoanee (June, 1880) says, "James Wiley, an older 
 brother of Bernard, left his father's farm, in Kennet township, and went 
 to Peekskill, N. Y., where he operated a foundry. An apprentice of 
 his, named Harvey Conkling, invented a plow, but, lucking the means 
 to push his claim, James Wiley took out letters paten*, in his own 
 name, and at once began their manufacture. He did so for several 
 years, and at his death left his business to Bernard Wiley and Harvey 
 Conkling as equal partners. Bernard later sold his interest, removed 
 to Kennet, and set up in the same business. Previous to this, how- 
 ever, llirain Hall, of Kennet, manufactured a very similar plow, pur- 
 chasing his castings through Bernard." 
 
338 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 is said to have been used on the farm of Jonathan Gheen, 
 in Goshen township. It was stolen from the field one 
 night and found the next summer in Valley Forge dam. 
 In 1801, Samuel Taylor, of East Bradford, completed a 
 straw-cutting machine, with knives and a feeding-roller, 
 " which," says his diary, " several persons came to see at 
 work."* Moses Pennock, of East Marlborough, and his 
 sons, Samuel and Morton, since of Kennet Square, have 
 been among the most enterprising inventors and manufac- 
 turers of agricultural machinery. In 1841 they obtained 
 a patent for a grain-drill, the first in the country, and subse- 
 quently improved it considerably. Generally in the attempt 
 to adapt hand-machines to horse-power, the primitive form 
 is, to a great extent, retained, and this is said to have been 
 the case with horse-rakes. A wheel-rake, with wooden 
 teeth, was not successful, but one like a big comb, ten feet 
 in length, with fifteen or eighteen teeth, twenty inches long, 
 and resting flat on the ground, was the first in general use. 
 Nathan H. Sharpless, of West Chester, made the first he 
 saw from the description given by a traveling " Yankee." 
 Moses Pennock, with the assistance of his neighbor, Samuel 
 Peirce, added teeth to the other side of the head, and con- 
 trived a plan to empty the rake when desired, by revolving 
 motion. Patents were obtained on this instrument in 1 822, 
 1824, 1825, and 1827. These have been driven out of 
 use by the steel-toothed wheel-rake within the last twenty-five 
 years."}" The first mowing-machine of which we have knowl- 
 edge has been facetiously styled the Arm-strong, and con- 
 sisted of a thin blade, a little over three feet long, attached 
 nearly at right angles to the end of a crooked pole somewhat 
 longer. By a sweeping motion from right to left, the mower 
 cut the grass, and left it in a swath covering less than half the 
 ground. All the able-bodied men on the farm would mow 
 at once, each one falling a little behind his neighbor on the 
 left, and cutting over a space from five to six feet in width. 
 At each crossing of the field, and sometimes oftener, a 
 pause was made to whet the scythe with a stone about ten 
 inches long, carried for that purpose. Upon a keen edge de- 
 pended the ease of the work, which at best was very laborious. 
 The first noticeable innovation upon the old-fashioned scythe 
 was in 1822, when Jeremiah Baily, of East Marlborough, 
 obtained a patent for a machine to mow by horse-power. 
 Ezra Cope, of East Bradford, and his nephew, the late 
 Thomas Hoopes, improved this machine by making the 
 gearing more simple, and obtained a patent therefor, May 
 18, 1825. Fifty or more of these machines were made 
 and used for several years with tolerable success. The 
 Allen machine, made by Caleb Peirce and his partners, 
 Lee and Thompson, at Ercildoun, in East Fallowfield, was 
 introduced in 1854. The Pennock mowing-machine ap- 
 peared about this time. E. T. Cope & Son, of East Brad- 
 ford, built a large number of the " Buckeye'' for some 
 years. Several persons in Chester County have displayed 
 much ingenuity in inventing these machines or improve- 
 ments thereon, but, so far as known, none of these inven- 
 tions are now in use. 
 
 » He also fixed a flax-brake, to go by water-power, which was set in 
 motion 1, 16, 1801. 
 
 t Patent, Jan. 8, 1858, to Randall Pratt for a sleel tooth-ralie. Re- 
 issue extended, 1870, for seven jears. 
 
 Grain-cradles were introduced in the early part of this 
 century,J but the farmers were slow to abandon the use of 
 the sickle, which had been so long and so universally em- 
 ployed, and in the use of which not only farm-hands but 
 tradesmen and women also took part. Joseph Smith, of 
 Newlin township, and later James Embree, of Marshallton, 
 manufactured cradles. The latter invented a machine for 
 turning scythe-poles, patented in 1844; and his son, \^ il- 
 liam G., still continues to make cradles and scythe-poles, 
 but the demand is small to what it once was. 
 
 One hundred years ago the flail was the champion thresh- 
 ing-machine. Other means were also employed : horses 
 were driven around the barn-floor to tramp out the grain, 
 and Richard Barnard, of Newlin, in his diary, 1774 to 
 1792, frequently mentions treading wheat as the work of 
 the day. In 1770 mention is made§ of " An act to invest 
 John Clayton with an exclusive privilege and benefit of 
 making and selling a machine for threshing of wheat, on a 
 model by him invented." Moses Pennock obtained in 
 1827 a patent for a vibrating threshing-machine. Other 
 machines came in later, and for a hw years past steam- 
 power has been successfully used. 
 
 In the inventory of the estate of Matthew Hall, of Mar- 
 pie, 1766, a " Fann for cleaning corn" was set down at 
 3s. 6d In 1773, George Ashbridge, of Goshen, had "A 
 Dutch Fan," valued at £1 10s.|l Some old people can 
 remember when a sheet, held by two persons, was used to 
 create a breeze, before which the grain was allowed to fall 
 in a light shower. 
 
 It is likely our farmers soon learned the necessity of re- 
 storing to the soil the refuse vegetable matter which had 
 grown thereon, in order to keep up its fertility, but at what 
 time lime was first used we are not informed. James 
 McClune says the first lime-kiln was built by Matthias 
 Shoener, of Honeybrook, in 1806. It was said, fifty years 
 ago, that with the introduction of plaster of Paris^ the use 
 of lime declined very much for many years, and it is per- 
 haps on this account that elderly people now speak of 
 liming as a custom that has come up within their recol- 
 lection. The large deposits of limestone in the Great Valley 
 and at other points in our county furnish a convenient sup- 
 ply. Forty years ago it was common for farmers to buy 
 the stone at the quarry and haul it near their homes to 
 be burned, but, with the general tendency of all industries 
 to become specialized, the quarry-owner now burns and 
 
 X Samuel Taylor says in his diary, 7, 7, 1800, " Father went to 
 Dennis Whealin's store & Bought an English Cradling Scythe." 
 Samuel Hunt, of East Cain, under date of 7, 24, 1775, says, "Leathe 
 Ingrum began to Cradle Oats at 1«. 6rf. pr acre & 1 Pint of Rum a 
 Day." 
 
 § Colonial Records, ix. 698. 
 
 II Benjamin Hawley, in his diary, 8, 16, 1770, no doubt refers to 
 such a fan when he says : " Winnowed Phebe's (Taylor) flax seed 
 . . , and carried Isaac Yearsley's fan home." 
 
 If Richard Barnard, of Newlin, under date of 1st mo. 4, 1790, maltes 
 a brief note of his son Richard bringing home from Wilmington 
 " 1500 of plaster paris; cost £2 5. 0." Samuel Taylor's diary, 5, 14, 
 1801, says, "My brother went with the team for a ton of plaster." 
 From a pamphlet published in 1797 by Richard Peters, it appears 
 that John Hannum had used it since about the year 1784, and Philip 
 Price, Jr., from about the year 1786 (on two different farms), while 
 Judge Peters himself had used it about twenty-five years (since 1771), 
 being among the first to use it in the State. 
 
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AGRICULTURAL. 
 
 339 
 
 delivers the lime in the farmer's field, miles away. The 
 ruins of old lime-kilns may be seen in many places by the 
 roadside, remote from any quarry. 
 
 Dr. A. L. Elwyn is said to have been the first to use 
 guano on his farm in East Bradford. It was quite exten- 
 sively used from about 1840 to 1860, when it was super- 
 seded by bone-dust, and later by phosphates. Plaster of 
 Paris has been but little used during the past twenty 
 years. 
 
 Irrigation is older than history, and our ancestors availed 
 themselves of its benefits as soon as the county was settled. 
 Near the river there were marshes which produced a large 
 supply of hay and pasture, the assessment of Tinicum, in 
 1784, showing 1579 acres of marsh to 533 of upland, and 
 a larger ratio of cattle than any other township. Irrigation 
 is, or has been, a more important feature in the history of 
 our county than many suppose. Such canals as were made 
 by the Hindoos, and other eastern nations, were not found 
 here, but where a man could convey the water from a stream 
 on his farm, so as to water any considerable part thereof, he 
 did so. The right to take water from the lands of others 
 was often the subject of leases for ninety-nine or some other 
 term of years. Sometimes the right to use the water was 
 limited to certain days in each week, and, as with every 
 other species of property, disputes and litigation frequently 
 arose. A farmer, dividing his land between his sons, was 
 careful to give each a portion of meadow, and hence resulted 
 great irregularity in the shape of farms. Sometimes the 
 meadow was separate from the rest of the farm. 
 
 Formerly the term meadow denoted, equally, mowing 
 ground and ground capable of irrigation, they being practi- 
 cally the same. Since the introduction of artificial grasses, 
 and the mowing of upland, the term has, in many parts of 
 our country, clung to the operation, but we believe, in this 
 county, meadow nearly always means low ground. 
 
 Under the old system of farming, the same fields were 
 plowed year after year, until they became impoverished, and 
 the farmer was forced to break up new ground. After the 
 crops of grain, nothing was better to bring the land to pas- 
 turage again than clover and timothy. At length it was 
 found that good hay could thus be made on upland, though 
 not quite in such abundance as on watered land ; yet the 
 trouble of attending to the ditches was a drawback to the 
 latter, and the custom fell into disuse. The only example 
 of watered meadow that we have known for many years, is 
 that of Thomas B. Darlington, in East Bradford. So lately 
 as fifty years ago, advertisements of land fur sale seldom 
 failed to set forth its advantages in the possession of a good 
 proportioji of meadow. 
 
 The following extract from the correspondence of Thomas 
 Cheyney, Esq., of Thornbury, in 1796, to relatives in Eng- 
 land, will best illustrate the methods of farming at that 
 time: 
 
 " Our land is iqostly good, but we have dropt our old method of 
 farming. We used to break up our fields in May, cross or stir them 
 in August, and sow them with wheat and rye in September. This 
 was done once in three or four years in rotation ; in the intermediate 
 spaces between they were pastured. The land would produce from 
 twelve to twenty bushels per acre. This way was followed until the 
 land run out, as we call it. We planted corn, sowed barley, oats, and 
 flax, likewise buckwheat, in small portions of land allotted for that 
 
 purpose, which took the grentest part of our dung to manure it; our 
 meadows got some, and we had very little left for our winter grain. 
 We followed this old way until wo could scarcely raise our bread and 
 seed. But there is as much superstition in husbandry as there is in 
 Politicks or Religion, therefore those that broke off from the old 
 rule were laughed at by those who were bigoted in the old way. 
 
 "I shall now give you some account of the success in the new 
 method of fanning. In March and April wo plow our land where 
 wo had our Indian corn the year before, draw our dung and spread 
 it, and sow our barley, oats, and flax, then break up our tough land, 
 and from the lOth to the 20th of May is about the proper season for 
 planting Indian corn>. We then break up a piece of our tough ground 
 for buckwheat, sow it about the middle of July on the tough furrow, 
 and harrow it well. Our barley will be ripe about the 20th of July, 
 flax a little sooner, oats a little later. We commonly dung for the 
 last-mentioned spring grain. We plow this again in August, and sow 
 our wheat and rye in September ; the two first weeks are counted the 
 best. In the month of March following we sow red clover-seed, from 
 thrvo quarts to the gallon per acre. About the middle of April we sow 
 about one bushel of the plaster of paris to the acre. Some do not sow 
 their plaster until the next spring, after their wheat crop comes oif. 
 Those who intend mowing their clover ground have a heavy roller, 
 made of a log of wood, with a pair of shafts, heavy enough for three 
 or four horses to draw. This levels the ground fit for mowing, which 
 seldom fails to yield less [sic] than two tons of hay to the acre. 
 
 "Those that are got into this way of farming find they can keep a 
 much larger stock of creatures to a much greater advantage, make a 
 much larger quantity of dung, and two horses will plow the land that 
 used to require the strength of four, the ground being so much looser 
 and mellower, and the land produces three or four times as much as 
 it did in the old way. I have not above 100 acres of plow-land, and 
 about 20 acres of meadow, chiefly watered by artificial ditches, drawn 
 by the level of the water along hillsides, which we turn in streams, 
 and spread by cutting small ditches over the land below, which pro- 
 duces excellent grass. 
 
 "I find by this way of working there is no danger of wearing out 
 the land, which many foolishly imagined. I find I cannot work it 
 enough ; the more it is worked in !■■ right manner, the better it will 
 produce. Our new mode of farming is in a state of infancy. New 
 improvements are making every year, and greater exertions in indus- 
 try can hardly be made than are here. This occasions want of barn 
 room, and many have built, and many are building, barns on new 
 constructions. Some take the side of a hill; they dig a large cellar, • 
 — one side comes out level with the ground, — some 50, some 60 feet, 
 and some more in length, and from 40 to 50 in breadth, the first 
 story to put their dung in, the second for stabling of horses, cattle, 
 etc. Above this they build a barn about 20 or 22 feet high to the 
 square over the whole, for storing up their hay and grain. They 
 have strong floors under the stables, with racks and mangers in each 
 stable, and a trap-door tinder the manger which they raise and shovel 
 the dung, which falls below. These barns they build with stone and 
 lime, and they that have tried it say the dung rotted under cover is 
 much better. 
 
 " We feed many cattle and sheep. We raise horses. A good work- 
 horse will sell for £40 or £50. We have very good orchards, make 
 cider in great plenty, and almost all sorts of fruit of dilferent kinds." 
 
 Thomas Cheyney, writing in July, 1796, mentions the 
 bountiful harvest, and adds, — 
 
 "Every one that is able to do anything are as busy as nailers. I 
 know many men that are worth thousands of pounds that will mow, 
 make hay, reap, and draw hay and grain into their barns ns steady 
 as hirelings; and those that are able, if they do not work, are looked 
 upon with kind of contempt. Here in the country they are slighted, 
 and are not company for anybody." 
 
 It would be interesting to trace the changes in the con- 
 dition of the agricultural community as regards the com- 
 forts and luxuries of home-life, but we get few glimpses 
 into the past beyond our memories. As all performed 
 labor, the master and his servants or slaves were thus, to 
 some extent, placed on an equality, and generally ate at the 
 same table. Stoves are comparatively modern, and the 
 
340 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 cookinp; was fonnerly done over or in front of the open 
 fire. The old houses contain huge fireplaces, especially 
 in the kitchens, where back-logs of such size were burned 
 as required a horse to draw them in, and a seat in the 
 chimney-corner by the fire was a favorite position. Salt- 
 pork and beef, with rye-bread, potatoes, cabbage, and hominy, 
 formed a large proportion of the daily fare, with a frequent 
 supper of mush and milk. Tea and coffee were luxuries 
 to be enjoyed only occasionally, and butter was not eaten 
 with meat. Clothing was largely of home manufacture 
 from the flax, hemp, and wool grown on the farm.* To 
 learn to spin was au essential in a girl's education, and the 
 thread so produced was readily woven into various fabrics 
 by the neighboring weaver. Considerable spinning was 
 done as late as 1825, but it may now be styled one of the 
 lost arts. John Sugar, of West Bradford, was a maker of 
 spinning-wheels, some of which may be found in the garrets 
 of old farm-houses. Under-clothing, as now known, was 
 seldom worn. Linsey-woolsey was in common use ; indigo 
 and white-walnut bark were used for dyeing garments, and 
 fulling-mills, now entirely disused, were scattered here and 
 there over the county. 
 
 Leading a rugged and laborious life, the people had less 
 opportunity for intellectual and assthetic culture than in the 
 present age, and their pleasures consisted more largely in 
 the gratification of animal passions or appetites. The 
 drinking of beer and distilled liquors was common among 
 all classes, and they figure alike in the expenditures for the 
 entertainment of justices holding court, at funerals, and at 
 vendues. Carts and wagons were used for hauling grain, 
 etc., but riding for pleasure was on horseback. In 1786 
 the whole number of carriages (mostly " chairs") within the 
 present limits of our county did not exceed twenty-five. 
 
 The weeping-willow and Lombardy poplar were, perhaps, 
 the earliest ornamental trees to adorn the farmer's home, 
 and the latter, once so common, is now seldom seen but in 
 decay. Except in the grounds of our early botanists, these 
 were probably about the only kinds planted prior to this 
 century. Pines and sugar-maples followed, but the plant- 
 ing of trees simply for ornament is almost limited to the 
 last fifty years. 
 
 Professor James McClune contributes the following con- 
 cerning agriculture in the northwest portion of the county : 
 
 "Timber.- — Whrti the country was first settled the forests were far 
 from dense, the Indinns having kept the timber from growing by 
 lire on tlio high ground for greater facility in pursuing the deer, 
 and in the low grounds and valleys to enable them to hunt the buf-* 
 falo. The tradition is that a wagon could be driven anywhere with- 
 out difficulty through the standing timber. I have counted the an- 
 nual 'ring-growths' of a number of large oak-trees when felled, and 
 t could find none that exceeded one hundred and fifty. After the In- 
 dians had retired the growth of timber was rnpid, and about the 
 period of the Revolutionary war the forests were dense. Of late years 
 the amount of timber-land has been greatly reduced. There is ndt 
 more than one-third of the woodland in this part of Chester County 
 that existed forty years ago. The clearing away of the forests has 
 been followed by the usual consequences,— a failure of springs, diminu- 
 tion of water in the streams, more frequent and destructive storms, 
 and occasional blight of the cereal grains. Reforesting must ere lung 
 be resorted to. 
 
 * Until the close of the last century oil-cloth cloaks and covers for 
 hats supplied the place of umbrellas. 
 
 " Fruits, Verjetables, and Grasses. — Orchards were planted exten- 
 sively Ht an early period, and apples especially were abundant. Peach- 
 trees also flourished and produced a large amount of fruit. Distiller- 
 ies were erected in jnany places, by which apples were converted into 
 whisky, and peaches into what was called peaeh-brandy, the favorite 
 di'ink of the numerous anti-temperance men of that day. But the 
 peach has almost entirely disappeared, and apple-trees are much It-ss 
 productive, while the plum and red cherry, formerly loaded every 
 year with fruit, are no longer seen. The principal garden vegetable 
 which has been introduced is the tomato. It was first planted for 
 show rather than use, but about 1837 began to be used as an article of 
 food. It was then far from palatable, and has been greatly improved 
 by cultivation. Turnips ajid root-crops in general, except potatoes, 
 were little attended to by the early settlers, carrots and rutabagas not 
 at all. About twenty years ago there was somewhat of a furor in re- 
 gard to sorghum. Several farmers planted patches of it, and a few 
 mills were erected for the crushing of the plant and the manufacture 
 of sugar and molasses, but, owing either to the cost or the article ob- 
 tained being of an inferior quality, the raising and manufacture were 
 discontinued in two or three years. 
 
 " Clover was introduced in 1793 or 1794. The seed first sown, in 
 Iloneybrook township, was brought from Lancaster County, and cost 
 twenty dollars per bushel. Owing to the great dryness of the season 
 and the ravages of the grasshoppers in the fall of 1838, clover-seed 
 was also I^wenty dollars per bushel in the spring of 1839- Millet-grass 
 and Hungarian have been tried sometimes by farmers, but the cultiva- 
 tion of them has always been soon discontinued. The seed of the millet 
 was occasionally ground and made into cakes, in the same manner as 
 buckwheat, but they were far fiom palatable, and the hay or straw 
 of it made but poor food for stock. Hungarian grass, though culti- 
 vated in the Western States, has found little favor either as subsist- 
 ence for cattle or when sown to be turned down with the plow as a 
 fertilizer. 
 
 " Crops, Elc. — Rye and corn were the principal crops, though some 
 flax was generally cultivated. The corn was planted in rows, which 
 ran in one direction, usually north and south, and about six feet apart. 
 It was * topped and bladed,* and rye was sown between the rows. 
 After the corn was husked the stalks were cut and removed. Even 
 fifty years ago but little wheat was grown, and coffee made of rye 
 was in common use. Buckwheat, which generally produced well, 
 was raised in small quantities. Farmers depended for subsistence 
 for their stock in winter on the blades of corn for Iheir horses, and 
 the hay obtained from their watered meadows for their cattle and 
 sheep. Alter the introduction of clover and timothy, and the neces- 
 sity which arose of preparing the higher ground for the use of the 
 scythe, the old method of planting and sowing was abandoned, the 
 corn being cut ofi' and entirely removed before the sowing of tbe 
 winter grain. When oats were introduced I have not been able to 
 learn. This grain, however, was raised in but small quantities until 
 after the completion of the Horseshoe Pike, when the largo number 
 of teams passing along that road with goods for the West made a 
 market for this grain at the taverns along that highway. It is only 
 within the last fifty years that the present rotation of crops — corn, 
 oats, wheat, and grass — has been followed. 
 
 " Farming Implements.— 1h& grain until about 1810 was cut almost 
 entirely by the sickle. Grain-cradles were then introduced, which 
 only within the last ton years have, to a great extent, been super- 
 seded by (he reaping-machines. The plows first used were composed, 
 with the excepiion of the coulter and share, of wood. The first plow 
 with an iron mould-board was used in Iloneybrook in 1826, the first 
 plow entirely of iron about 1834. Hay was generally gathered by 
 first being thrown with a fork into windrows, and then the remainder 
 collected by a hand-rake. This was succeeded by the man-rake, a rake 
 of larger size, drawn after the person using it. A rake drawn by a horse, 
 and which had to be lifted wherever a windrow was formed, was the 
 next in use. To this succeeded the revolving rake, and this has given 
 wiiy, within the last fifteen years, to the ono now generally employed, 
 with a seat for the driver, a lever, and strong wire teeth. Threshing- 
 machines were introduced about forty years ago,' but they did not 
 come into anything like general use until ten years later. Grain- 
 drills were little used twenty years ago. Mowing-machines date 
 within thirty years. One of the first reaping-machines, large and 
 cumbersome, was used by James Moore, near Glenmore, twenty-five 
 years ago; but it (as well as all the machines for that purpose) for 
 several years failed to give satisfaction." 
 
AGRICULTUllAL. 
 
 341 
 
 AGKICUIiTURAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 The first agricultural society is supposed to have been 
 the one organized in 1820. A preliminary meeting was 
 held January 1st. A month or so later a constitution was 
 adopted. At a meeting held June 10th (Dr. William 
 Darlington being chairman, and Isaac Sharpless secretary), 
 committees were appointed on the following suVijects : 
 
 1. On farm buildings, fi'nees, and implements of husbandry. 2. 
 On the veterinary art. 3. On natural history, particularly mineralogy 
 and entomology. 4. On political economy. 5. On domestic nniuials. 
 6. On grasses, grains, and roots. 7. On manures. 8. On I'ruit- and 
 forest-trees. 9. On irrigation and draining. 10. On horticulture. 
 
 The members were desired to try experiments, keep ac- 
 curate accounts, and report matters of interest to the ap- 
 propriate committees for the benefit of the society. The 
 Plough Boy (Albany, N. Y.), commenting on the above, 
 says, — 
 
 " We cannot pass over in silence the proceedings of the Agricul- 
 tural Society of Chester Co., Pa., in our columns of this day. The 
 topics therein recommended to the consideration of agricultural so- 
 cieties are of the highest importance to our public and private pros- 
 perity, and we cannot hut hope that the board of agriculture of this 
 State may in due season, in connection with the county societies, 
 adopt simihir regulations. We recommend this document to the 
 earnest attention of our agricultural readers." 
 
 Dr. Darlington has said that when the first agricultural 
 society was formed in the county Philip Price was unani- 
 mously chosen president, but the doctor himself was doubt- 
 li'ss one of the leading spirits of the organization. Isaac 
 Sharpfess was the secretary, and David Townsend treasurer 
 of the society. 
 
 Perhaps the first exhibition held within the county was 
 that of the State Agricultural Society, at Paoli, Oct. 22, 
 23, 24, 1823, that being the first by the State Society; 
 and the second was held at Chester, Oct. 14 and 15, 1824. 
 
 In 1838 an agricultural society for Chester and Dela- 
 ware Counties was organized, the call for a preliminary 
 meeting being signed by M. Pennypacker, John Worth, 
 Jr., Isaac Trimble, Townsend Lamborn, and forty-four 
 others. This society held exhibitions for several years, one 
 being at West Chester in 1845. 
 
 About this time the Chester County Horticultural Soci- 
 ety was organized, and after a few exhibitions in the court- 
 house and elsewhere a hall was built, in 1848, for the an- 
 nual display of fruit, flowers, and vegetables, which con- 
 tinued to be made for seven or eight years. The hall, now 
 somewhat enlarged, is used for the accommodation of 
 teachers' institutes, lectures, and other entertainments. 
 
 The present County Agricultural Society held its first ex- 
 hibition Sept. 16 and 17, 1853, on a lot bounded by Wal- 
 nut, Washington, Matlack, and Biddle Streets, in the bor- 
 ough of West Chester. About 1856 a permanent location 
 was efiected on the southern limits of the borough, where 
 the society has a valuable property. 
 
 About 1870 the Oxford Agricultural Society began to 
 hold annual fairs at that 'borough, almost rivaling the 
 county institution in the display and attendance, and con- 
 tinuing to the present time. 
 
 In the beginning of September, 1879, a fair was held at 
 Market Hall, in Coatesville, under the auspices of the 
 
 Brandywine Farmers' Club, and was successful in arousing 
 considerable local interest. 
 
 Of the early agricultural journals circulating among our 
 farmers, we may mention the Plo^gh-Boy^ Albany, N. Y. ; 
 The American Farmer, a weekly paper, by John S. 
 Skinner, Baltimore, 1819 ; The Genesee Farmer, Ameri- 
 can Agriculturist, The Cultivator and Go^mtry Gentleman, 
 the latter two being quite popular, and the la.st probably 
 the best agricultural periodical in the United States. The 
 Farm Journal (monthly) was established at Lancaster, Pa., 
 beginning with the year 1851, A. M. Spangler editor. 
 Afterwards it was purchased by Paschall Morris and J. 
 Lacey Darlington, and removed to West Chester, with the 
 latter gentleman as nominal editor, but almost the entire 
 management was by P. Morris. Early in 1855 the jour- 
 nal was removed to Philadelphia. Dr. Edmund C. Evans 
 established the Rural Economist at West Chester about 
 1861, and it was issued for one year. 
 
 In 1868 the State Agricultural College purchased from 
 Thomas M. Harvey a farm of 100 acres, in London- 
 grove township, which is known as the '' Eastern Ex- 
 perimental Farm," the object being to test such crops, 
 manures, implements, and methods of farming as might be 
 thought worthy of trial. Thomas M. Harvey remained on 
 the property for some years as superintendent, after which he 
 was succeeded by John I. Carter, and he in turn by Warren 
 J. Shelmire, who has lately retired. 
 
 The Experimental Farm Club, composed of the enter- 
 prising farmers of the neighboring townships, meets at this 
 place on stated occasions to discuss all matters of interest 
 to agriculturists. Their proceedings, together with the re- 
 ports of the superintendent, being duly published by the 
 press of the county, are read with interest by many others. 
 
 The Chads' Ford Farmers' Club is another association 
 which brings the highest intelligence to bear upon the sub- 
 ject of farming. It meets at the houses of its members. 
 
 The benefits derived from these meetings of farmers' clubs 
 and granges are not limited by the mere information dis- 
 seminated, but include also those arising from social inter- 
 course. The farmer stands at a disadvantage with regard 
 to his brother in the city, mainly on account of his isola- 
 tion. In cities men are brought more in contact with their 
 fellows, and in the resulting conflict of ideas the thinking 
 powers are quickened, and the intellectual life stimulated. 
 Then let the farmers, their wives, and children meet together 
 more frequently. Let them study to adorn their homes, 
 and lighten the severer labors, and instead of indulgence in 
 temporary yet expensive pleasures, or the gratification of 
 the lower appetites, let them seek more intellectual enjoy- 
 ments, and the country will become such a paradise that the 
 weary, pent-up dweller in towns shall long for a home 
 therein. 
 
 A mention of the Several granges of the Patrons of Hus- 
 bandry will be found in another portion of this work, under 
 the head of " Societies." 
 
 NUESEBIES. 
 
 In September, 1836, Jason M. Mahan, of Sadsbury 
 township, was the proprietor of a nursery, in which he 
 claimed to have over 2,000,000 trees and plants, including 
 
342 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 53 varieties of peaches. He was also much interested 
 in the subject of silk culture, and issued a prospectus for 
 a sixteeu-page, octavo monthly, called The Silk Growers 
 Instructor, having had several years' experience in the cul- 
 ture of the mulberry and silk-worm, llis place he called 
 New Italy. 
 
 About the year 1846, John R utter, Esq., established a 
 nursery at West Chester, which flourished for several 
 years. 
 
 THE MOREIS NURSERIES. 
 
 The " Morris Nurseries" of George Achelis were founded 
 about thirty-two years ago by Paschall Morris, who is 
 well known as the founder of the Practical Farmer, an 
 agricultural paper published in Philadelphia. The nurseries 
 were sold by him to Messrs. J. L. Darlington & Co., and 
 were named, in honor of the founder, " Morris Nurseries," 
 which name they bear up to the present time. 
 
 In 1866 the firm changed to Otto & Achelis, and in 
 1875 the latter purchased the interest of Mr. Otto, thereby 
 being the sole proprietor of the concern, which is now 
 doing an extensive business, shipping trees to all parts of 
 the Union. 
 
 CHERRY HILL NURSERIES. 
 
 These nurseries were established in the year 1853, and 
 have steadily increased in eJctent until at the present time 
 they occupy about 300 acres of land. The green-house de- 
 partment consists of 26,000 square feet of glass, and em- 
 braces not only the ordinary bedding plants in general use, 
 but the rare and costly species from tropical countries in 
 every portion of the globe. In the nurseries proper the 
 section devoted to fruit-trees takes precedence for extent. 
 Here may be seen hundreds of thousands of apples, pears, 
 cherries, plums, peaches, apricots, nectarines, quinces, etc., 
 as well as an immense assortment of the smaller fruits. In 
 the ornamental section is the splendid collection of shade- 
 trees, flowering shrubs and vines, etc., for which these nur- 
 series have been justly famous for many years, embracing 
 kinds that were formerly only imported from Europe, but 
 which are now grown here by the thousands to supply their 
 exhaustive trade. 
 
 The business relations of this firm extend over the 
 entire Union and Canada, in addition to large exportatious 
 to Europe, which necessitates a large corps of trained em- 
 ployees in the preparation of their goods for market. Their 
 system of delivering small plants by mail has of late years 
 grown into a prominent feature at Cherry Hill, so that a 
 considerable force of men and boys are kept constantly em- 
 ployed in preparing the mail orders alone. Altogether this is 
 one of the largest commercial establishments at the borough 
 of West Chester. Since the accompanying sketch of the 
 ofiice, grounds, and green-houses was prepared an elegant 
 new structure has been erected for office purposes. The 
 firm is composed of Josiah and Abner Hoopes and Greorge 
 B. Thomas, trading as Hoopes, Brothers & Thomas. 
 
 THE DINGEB & CONARD COMPANY, ROSE-GROWERS. 
 The establishment of the Dingee & Conard Company, 
 widely known as the most extensive growers of roses in the 
 United States, is located at West Grove, on the Philadel- 
 phia and Baltimore Central Railroad. This large establish- 
 ment has quite an interesting history; like most other im- 
 portant industries, it has grown up gradually, and is the 
 result of many years' patient labor. About the year 1865 
 the nursery firm of Dingee & Conard began the propaga- 
 tion and culture of roses as a special branch of their nur- 
 sery business. At that time the demand for roses was 
 limited to supplying nurserymen and florists with a few 
 plants for retailing. For many years rose-growing proved 
 a slow and unprofitable business ; the art of propagation 
 was imperfectly understood, prices were low, and the de- 
 mand small. Having started the business of rose-growing, 
 however, the firm were not disposed to give it up, but fol- 
 lowed steadily on, gradually learning better methods, accu- 
 mulating suitable facilities for the work and a valuable 
 stock of the best varieties of roses. When at last they 
 had learned, by long experience and at large expense, how 
 to grow roses, they were still confronted with the difficulty 
 of selling them in quantity to make the business remuner- 
 ative. What follows can perhaps best be told in their own 
 language : 
 
 " While casting about for some avenue of sale, we became impressed 
 with the belief that there were plenty of people to buy roses if they 
 could he assured of getting reliable plants at a fair price, delivered 
 safely and cheaply. We therefore tried advertising roses extensively 
 in the newspapers, and sending the plants by mail. This did not 
 prove immediately successful j new difficulties constantly arof e, and 
 were only overcome by persistent effort and long experience. Though 
 finding ourselves in a new and untried path, where every detail had 
 to be learned, and in many instances new methods invented, we 
 Isept pressing on, constantly aiming to furnish a good article and 
 please our customers, whose orders were now coming in considerable 
 numbers from all parts of the country. After years of study and 
 experiment we learned how to produce hardy, vigorous plants of the 
 choicest varieties, specially adapted for safe transportation, and cer- 
 tain to bloom quickly when planted out. These gave immense satis- 
 faction, and our prompt and liberal dealing gained friends for us 
 everywhere, so that our utmost exertions were required to keep up 
 with the increasing demand. The old firm of Dingee & Conard was 
 merged into the Dingee & Conard Company, ohjirtered by the State 
 in 1871, shortly after which we discontinued our general nursery 
 business so that we could give exclusive attention to roses. We are 
 probably the only establishment in the United States who make a 
 special business of growing roses. We have upwards of fifty large 
 rose-houses, and employ all the year round a heavy force of skilled 
 operatives in the various departments. The business is still growing, 
 and its demands necessitate carrying a stock entirely unequaled in 
 extent and variety in this country, and it is confidently believed that 
 we now annually produce and distribute more roses than any other 
 establishment in the world. We advertise largely in the leadi'ng 
 newspapers, and di.-tribute every year to the individual addresses of 
 our customers nearly ten tons of our 'New Guide to Rose Culture,' 
 a finely-illustrated book of seventy pages. Our roses are favorably 
 known all over the United States and Canada, and are blooming in 
 nearly every hamlet between the Atlantic and the Pacific." 
 
 The officers and active membera of the company are 
 Charles Dingee, Alfred F. Conard, and Antoine Wintzer. 
 
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MILLS, IRON MANUFACTURE, ETC. 
 
 The first mill erected in Pennsylvania was built in 
 1643 or 1644, on Cobb's Creek, immediately above the 
 bridge near the Blue Bell tavern. 
 
 In the year 1683 the noted " Chester Mills" were erected 
 on Chester Creek, a little above the site of the present man- 
 ufacturing village of Upland. Richard Townscnd, who 
 came over with William Penn, in a letter written in 1727, 
 says,— . 
 
 " After some time I set up a mill on Chester Creek, which T brought 
 ready framed from London, which served for grinding corn and saw- 
 ing of boards, and was of great use to us." 
 
 Richard Townsend was, however, only ouc of ten part- 
 ners interested in this mill. 
 
 The location of the mill-dam referred to in the following 
 minute is uncertain ; but, judging from the residence of 
 the persons mentioned, it was probably on the Brandywine, 
 near the Hue of New Castle County. It is from the re- 
 cords of Chester Quarterly Meeting, held 6, 7, 1C99 : 
 
 " New-wark Monthly Meeting being called they present a matter 
 of differance between Guinelius Empson of y<^ one party & George 
 llarlin & Robert Wsiye of the other party, about y^ throwing 
 downe of some old ruins of a mill dam, which differance was debated 
 in this meeting and y' said partys mutually reffering the deterujina- 
 tion thereof to the meeting, which is y' Cornelius shall pay y<^ Gouit 
 Charges on George Harlin's account and two thirds of y« Charges on 
 Kob^. Waye's account, and that George llarlin & Kobert Waye shall 
 acknowledg that they were to forward in doeing what they did with- 
 out y« said Cornelius' Leave, and that j^ b* Cornelius shall acknowl- 
 edg to this meeting his forwardness in prosecuting of them by Law 
 without the consent of frii'nds. 
 
 " The said partys haveing heard the above sence of the meeting 
 they joyntly acknowledg their satisfaction." 
 
 Some of the earliest mills within the present limits of 
 our county, with the dates when first mentioned, were 
 these: Francis Chads', in Birmingham, 1710; Thomas 
 Jerman's, in Tredyffrin, 1710 ; John Miller's, at Avondale, 
 1714; Thomas Moore's, Downingtown, 1716; Gayen 
 Stevenson's, in Kennet, February, 1715-6 ; Goshen Mill 
 of George Ashbridge and others, 1717 ; Ellis Lewis', in 
 Kennet, 1717 ; James Huston's, Birmingham, 1719 ; Abiah 
 Taylor's, in Bradford, in 1719 ; Thomas Miller's, Coventry, 
 1719; John Jones,. Sadsbury, 1721; Carter, Scott, and 
 Willis, East Bradford (now Strode's mill), 1721 ; Joseph 
 Taylor (now Darlington's mill, in Pocopson), 1724. 
 
 Abraham Emmit had a mill in New London in 1724, on 
 Big Elk Creek, and Henry Hollingsworth had one on Little 
 Elk at the same time. William Pusey built one in Ldn- 
 dongrove about 1730, and the property is still in the 
 family. John Allen and Shadrach Scarlet built another, 
 below Pusey's, about the same year. John Jones, of Sads- 
 bury, sold a "gryst" mill in lt22 to Thomas Moore, of 
 Cain, being the same which he had bought from James 
 Hamor. Thomas Moore assigned it to his brother, John 
 
 in the same year. William Dickie owned a mill on Buck 
 Run, in Sadsbury, soon after this. Nathan Evans took up 
 land in Nantnical in 1718, "where he intends to build a 
 mill." Richard Thomas, Samuel Phipps, William Wil- 
 liams, and Magdalen Howell were the owners of " Vale 
 Royal" mill in Whiteland, which was built on Richard 
 Thomas' land perhaps by 1730. It is now Trimble's mill. 
 Benjamin Johnson erected a '' water corn mill," as they 
 were mostly styled, near the present Embreeville between 
 1745 and 1750. 
 
 Joseph Taylor devised in 1744 some land to his daughter, 
 Sarah Jones, upon which her husband and sons built a 
 mill where now is Sagcr's mill, on Brandywine. The first 
 mill on the west branch of Brandywine, in West Nantmeal, 
 was built about 1740, a little above the Beaver Dam, where 
 one of the stones could be seen some years ago. After 
 Mackelduff's mill (now in West Brandywine) was erected, 
 in 17(52, the last mentioned was permitted to go to decay, 
 the fall of water being insufficient. Lewis' mill was built 
 in 1762 by Mordecai Picrsol, and Ackland's about 1770. 
 Moore's mill, at Glen Moore, was started in 1706, and 
 White's mill, near Cupola Station, in 1811. In early times 
 long races were made, rather than dams, being perhaps less 
 expensive and not so liable to damage by freshets. 
 
 James Hance built a mill in West Whiteland in 1817, 
 and is said to have hauled the timber for the most impor- 
 tant parts from his native place at the forks of Brandywine. 
 George Hoopes purchased the mill in 1831, and it is now 
 owned by his son, Robert F. Hoopes. It has two run of 
 burrs. An old saw-mill stood there before 1817. 
 
 Thomas Arnold, Anthony Arnold, and Samuel Scott 
 erected a fulling-mill in West Bradford about 1730. John 
 Evans, of London Britain, devised fulling- and grist-mills 
 in 1738. Fulling-mills were numerous fifty years ago, but 
 are now generally idle. On Beaver Creek and on White 
 Clay Creek, in New Garden, large woolen manufactories 
 have been established in recent times. 
 
 EAKLY lEON MANUFACTURE. 
 
 This industry, which has grown to such vast proportions 
 and great importance in these days, began in Pennsylvania 
 in a very small way about the year 1716. This was at 
 Pool forge, on the Manafawny, perhaps three miles above 
 Pottstown, where Thomas Butter established the business. 
 The evidence in this case is contained in a letter written by 
 Jonathan Dickinson, in 1717, in which he says, — 
 
 " This last summer one Thomas Eutter, a smith, who lived not far 
 from Gerinantown, hath removed farther up in the country, to the 
 Manatawny, and of his own strength has set up on making iron. 
 Such it proves to be, as is highly set by by all smiths here, who say 
 that the best Swede's iron doth not e.Kcecd it; and wo have heard of 
 others that are going on with the iron works." 
 
 343 
 
344 
 
 IIISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 The next place of manufacture was on French Creek, in 
 Chester County, but there seems to be some uncertainty 
 and obscurity about the time. Samuel Nutt, who came 
 from Coventry, in Warwickshire, England, in 1714, was 
 styled " of Birmingham" in 1718, but prior to this, on the 
 28th of October, 1717, he had obtained a survey for 250 
 acres of land in what is now Warwick township. This in- 
 cluded an iron mine, and was patented to Nutt Aug. 20, 
 1718. The warrant for taking it up called for 400 acres, 
 and was dated Sept. 18, 1717. Another warrant, dated 
 Oct. 2, 1718, called for 800 acres near the branches of 
 French Creek, and in pursuance thereof a tract of 300 
 acres was laid out in Coventry, Oct. 21, 1720. A tract of 
 650 acres on French Creek, including the subsequent site 
 of Warwick Furnace, was surveyed to him May 2, 1719, 
 and 150 acres more Oct. 21, 1720. On May 23, 1721, 
 lie purchased from James Pugh 300 acres on French Creek, 
 in Coventry. 
 
 Prior to July, 1720, a forge had been set up on this 
 
 creek, as will appear by the following letter : 
 
 " Philadelphia, July 2"^ 1720. 
 " My Good friend 
 
 " I was In hopes I should have seen thee at the Forge before this 
 time but suppose some other Important affairs Presented it — how- 
 ever since I had not that happiness; I make bold to. Trouble thee 
 with a ffew Lines; to acquaint that Wee proceed on; In our Inten- 
 tions of puling up another fforge this (fall upon the ffrench Creek a 
 Little above James Peughs upper Line and shall Dam up above the 
 iforks of the North A South Branches ; so that we shall be under an 
 absolute nessessity of taking up all that Tr.iet as lyes betwixt the said 
 James Peughs line & Phillip Eodgers upon the North branch & ail- 
 though I do not think the Land is luviteing to any other body to 
 medio with it — yet if any one should attempt to do so; I desire thee 
 t > Interpose thy good offices In our favour & in doing so thou will 
 In o Perticuler manner obleige thy ffr to servo thee at all times 
 
 "Sam . NiiTT 
 
 "I Intend to take a turn Down Into Chester County In a Little 
 time & to pay thee a, visit. In the mean time pray give my Ke- 
 speots to thy wife & family and accept of the same Thy Self . . . vale 
 
 [Addressed] 
 
 "To Doctor Isaac Taylor at his House In Thornbury in Chester 
 County*' 
 
 What Other person or persons were intended by the pro- 
 noun " we" does not appear, but it has been suggested that 
 Samuel Savage, whose wife was the daughter of Thomas 
 llutter, and subsequently the wife of Samuel Nutt, had be- 
 come interested in the iron business on French Creek. His 
 will, dated Sept. 25, 1719, styles hini of " Mahanatania," 
 in the county of Philadelphia. The will was proved July 
 19, 17-0, but his death may have occurred soon after the 
 will was written. It is scarcely probable that Samuel Nutt 
 had married the widow before the date of his letter written 
 as above. 
 
 As Natt had taken up the mine tract in 1717, he is 
 doubtless one of the " others" referred to by Jonathan 
 Dickinson in that year as going on with iron-works. We 
 have not met with any evidence that the second forge was 
 erected as proposed in 1720. In 1719, Samuel Nutt is as- 
 sessed in " Skoolkill" district as a non-resident. In 1722 
 " The forge" is assessed in Nantmeal, but in 1724 it is in 
 Coventry, the lines being at first uncertain. 
 
 From this time until 1736 we have little information 
 about matters at the iron-works. A return of a road laid 
 out in 1725, from Moore Hall towards Philadelphia, men- 
 
 tions " the path leading to the forge ;" and on Feb. 24, 1 726 
 -7, a road was laid out from " the Iron Works on St. Vin- 
 cent Kiver in the township of Coventry Leading to Uwch- 
 lan meeting house." This began at the forge, and at the 
 distance of four miles passed over " Mount Austria" This 
 was called Nutt's road at a later date, but it was not /he 
 Nutt's road from the iron-works to Philadelphia. Thomas- 
 Moore was appointed one of the jurors, but removed to 
 Naaraan's Creek before the road was laid out, and Thomas 
 Green was appointed in his place at the special request of 
 Nutt, who wrote to the court from Philadelphia. 
 
 James Steel wrote from Philadelphia, 1, 6, 1732-3, to 
 John Taylor, the surveyor : 
 
 "Our ffr'i Sam' Nutt having paid a Good sum of money to me for 
 the Prop'"' use hath requested a further addition to his Lands to ac- 
 commodate his Iron AVorki*, which the Proprietary was pleased to 
 Grant him. I doe therefore request thee to make such surveys for 
 him as may answer his purpose." 
 
 Nutt appears to have received a warrant Oct. 20, 1733, 
 by whicli a survey was made of 705 acres, connecting his 
 former tract of 650 acres on the creek with the mine tract. 
 
 Mrs. James, in her memorial of the Potts family, gives 
 the language of an agreement, dated March 15, 1736, be- 
 tween Samuel Nutt and William Branson of the first part 
 and John Potts of the second part, in which the latter 
 agrees to carry on a furnace called "Redding," recently, 
 built near Coventry, for the former, who were styled "joint 
 owners." 
 
 The partnership of Nutt and Branson dates back to 
 March 29, 1728, when they offer a reward of 40s. for Eich- 
 ard Snaggs, who had deserted from their works on French 
 Creek. On Feb. 24, 1729-30, Samuel Nutt at the works, 
 and William "Branson in Philadelphia, offer 40s. for the re- 
 turn of John Bartam, a tailor, or Nathaniel Ford, who ran 
 away from the iron-works at French Creek. 
 
 On Jan. 25, 1736-7, a petition was read in Council 
 from inhabitants of Lancaster County asking for a road to 
 Coventry Iron-Works, 
 
 " One Branch of which Koad to goe to the new Furnace, called 
 Kedding's Furnace now erecting on the said Creek." 
 
 The business relations of Nutt and Branson were not enr 
 tirely satisfactory, and each partner made preparations to 
 erect a new furnace of his own. The death of Nutt about 
 the close of the year 1737 did not prevent the execution 
 of his design. He devised to his wife Anna 120 acres ou 
 the north side of the south branch of French Creek wherer 
 on to build a furnace, and later writings show that she, in 
 conjunction with her daughter Rebecca, wife of Samuel 
 Nutt, Jr., built a furnace, known afterwards by the name 
 of " Warwick." 
 
 Samuel Nutt's will was dated Sept. 25, 1737, and proved 
 March 9th, following, wherein he devised to his wife, Anna 
 Nutt, 
 
 " One half of all my Right to the Furnace and Forgge, togenther 
 with all Buildings thereunto belonging ; secondly, the halfe of all 
 my Right to the Lands whereon they stand or are Appropriate there- 
 unto, viz: The halfe my shear of a hundred acres whereon the fforggo 
 standeth and the halfe of the Land whereon the Furnace standeth, and 
 to her heirs forever." 
 
 This was, doubtless, Reading Furnace, in which he had 
 an interest. The inventory of his estate, taken in May, 
 
MILLS, IRON MANUFACTURE, ETC. 
 
 345 
 
 17"i8, is divided into two parts, tlio first bcinp; tlint which 
 he lield in company with William Branson, and amounting 
 to tlie sum of £2912, which was to be divided equally be- 
 tween them. His private estate amounted in addition to 
 about £5444,, which was a pretty good sum for that day. 
 Some of the items from the first part are here given : 
 
 £ ». d. 
 A King Round the shaft at tho old Furnace 
 
 and an old Broken liiiinmer, 10 cwt 1 5 
 
 100 Load of colli at the ffurnace 100 
 
 24 tonn pigg iron 130 
 
 10 husksi, woight onii tonn 5 10 
 
 THO loads of coal at the fforgge 7S0 
 
 2 Negroes at £50 each 100 
 
 250 acres of land with the fforgc, dwelling 
 
 and sundry out bouses erected thereon 1500 
 
 From inventory of private estate : 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 One ton of sow mettle at new ffurnnoe 5 10 
 
 18 stove plates, 10 owt 8 16 
 
 The mine tract containeing 250 acres of land. 1500 
 650 acres hind in Nantmill on which the 
 new fl'urnace is building, with sundry out 
 
 houses 525 
 
 287 acres land in Coventry being the land on 
 
 which Samuel Nutts house stands 300 
 
 A negro boy named Cudjo 30 
 
 A negro boy named George 15 
 
 2 hhds Rum 26 1 3 
 
 78 ells of Ozenbrigs 7 70 
 
 The partnership with Branson was continued by Nutt's 
 widow and nephew, as appears by the inventory of the 
 hitter's estate, taken in February, 1739-40. By this time 
 the forge property had increased iu value to £2000, and 
 in the separate estate of Anna Nutt and Samuel Nutt, Jr., 
 the 650 acres " whereon Warwick Furnace is Built," were 
 set down at the same amount. The partnership probably 
 ceased soon after this, and the Warwick and Reading estates 
 were carried on independently of each other. 
 
 At August court, 1741, suit was brought against William 
 Branson, " late of Reading in the County of Chester, Iron- 
 Master," in the name of Anna Nutt, Robert Grace, and 
 Samuel Savage, charging him with taking iron ore from 
 their property. At the same term William Branson brouglit 
 suit against Anna Nutt, Robert Grace, Gent., and Rebecca 
 his wife, — 
 
 "Of n plea that they render unto him their reasonable aceompt 
 for the time in which they were Bayliffs to him the said William 
 Branson in the County af*, &c. 
 
 " And thereupon the said William Branson, by John Kinsey his 
 attorney, saith That Whereas the said Anna Nutt and Rebecca (now 
 the wife of the said Robert Grace), whilst she was Sole, were Bay- 
 liffs to him the said William Branson, of the moiety of Five mes- 
 suages, Two Hundred and Fifty acres of Land and of the moiety of 
 one Iron Work called a Forge, Three Coal-Houses with the appurte- 
 nances, all situate in Coventry in the County aforesaid, and ajso of 
 the moiety of an Iron mine and six acres of Land situate in the same 
 County, with the appurtenances, from the first day of December In 
 the year one thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight to the first Day 
 of May in the year one thousand seven hundred and forty, ... an d 
 during that time had and Received of him the said William eighty 
 one Tonus Fourteen hundred, a Quarter of a hundred and fifteen 
 pounds weight of Pigg-Iron att the Forge af* to tnanufacfure into 
 Barr-Iron and their Reasonable account of the same Pigg-Iron and 
 other the premises to him to render when they be thereunto required." 
 
 A further quantity of over 94 tons of pig-iron had been 
 received by them since the marriage of Robert Grace and 
 Rebecca Nutt, for all which they refused to account. They, 
 by Tench Francis, their attorney, make the defense that 
 they never were the bailiffs of William Branson, but the 
 further proceedings have not been traced. 
 41 
 
 Warwick Furnace was built on tho land devised to Anna 
 Nutt by her husband for that purpose, which, however, was 
 but a small part of his land, there being over 1000 acres 
 in three contiguous tracts. The property remained in the 
 possession of the descendants of Anna Nutt, by the name 
 of Potts, though in 1771 Thomas Rutter purchased a half- 
 interest therein from Samuel Potts. 
 
 It is said the first " Reading Furnace" was at or near 
 Coventry Forge. A second furnace was erected in what is 
 now Warwick township, one and a half miles above War- 
 wick Furnace, by William Branson. Tradition says that 
 Reading was started first, but that Warwick melted the 
 first ore. The name of Thomas Green* is found mentioned 
 in connection with projected iron-works in Chester County 
 as early as 1724, and Branson appears to have been a rela- 
 tive. 
 
 He was the son of a shoemaker, Nathaniel Branson, who 
 resided in the parish of Soning, in Berkshire, England, a 
 purchaser of 1250 acres of land from William Penn, 
 though he never came to reside in this country. By deed 
 of Aug. 28, 1707, he conveyed this land to his sou Wil- 
 liam, who came to Pennsylvania in the early part of the 
 next year, a passenger on the "Golden Lion," and. obtained 
 two separate warrants for the locating of the land, which 
 was laid out in one tract in Cain township. It is now the 
 central part of the combined townships jjf East and West 
 Brandywine. In 1709, William Branson resided in Phila- 
 delphia, on the east side of Second Street, and was then 
 and at other times styled a joiner. In 1720 he was a 
 " shop-keeper," and in 1726 termed a merchant. 
 
 He obtained a warrant July 12, 1733, for 2000 acres 
 " on French creek near the Iron works," and on Nov. 29, 
 1736, another for 1500 acres " in Nantmel, near French 
 creek." Feb. 16, 1740-1, the surveyor-general gave a 
 list of surveys for William Branson, of which draughts 
 were in the office. These were 13 in number, varying 
 from 754 acres in the largest tract to 95 J in the smallest, 
 and aggregating 2519 acres, of which all but two tracts of 
 
 ■» " Philada., 28th, 6mo., 1724. 
 " Loving Friend 1 
 
 Isaac Taylor : J 
 
 " I writ to thee a few days ago and therefore need say the less now. 
 The bearers hereof, Brother [Thomas?] Shute Ac, are in search alter 
 a fit place to erect an Iron work, and are informed of that place of 
 Green's on Brandywine Creek. I have treated with them about thy- 
 self and I holding at least a quarter part of it between us, which if 
 thou thinkest of please to give them tho best Instructions thou canst, 
 how to secure the land, for I have told them it cannot be well had 
 without thy assistance. 
 
 "J. Logan is upon recovery after a, dangerous illness, and I hope 
 will be soon abroad. I wish thee thy health and in much haste 
 remain, Thy real loving ffriend. 
 
 " JameSteel." 
 
 " Philada. 24"' X"' 1724. 
 " Loving Friend i 
 Isaac Taylor : ) 
 
 " I received thy letter and also my instrument by thy son Philip. 
 The affair with Thomas Green is settled ; he was up with us this week 
 and we have agreed with him to go on with an Iron work. I pro- 
 posed to have thee for a partner but he and brother Shute assured me 
 that thou hadst utterly declined it. . . . 
 
 " JameSteel." 
 
 What became of this project is unknown. The proposed site w.is 
 probably near wtiat ^s nfiw powlin's " Mary Ann Forge." 
 
346 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 200 and 150 acres were in right of the two warrants above 
 mentioned. He also says, — 
 
 " Draughts of 4 other Tracts, viz : one of 64S, one of 340, one of 
 225, and another of 200 acres were pent to me by John Taylor, but the 
 waters not being shewed in those Draughts, at W. Branson's request 
 I sent *em back to J. T., but he returned them back again without 
 any amendment; and W. Branson being very desirous to have the 
 waters shewed in the Draughts, received them from me (as I believe), 
 to get that done, since which time I have not seen them," 
 
 A memorandum on the same paper says that further 
 surveys of 183 and 714 acres were returned on the above 
 warrants. It is not stated upon what warrants the missing 
 surveys were made, but without them we have 3416 J acres, 
 or nearly all that the two call for. 
 
 Some of the surveys were adjoining Nutt's land, and J. 
 Steel, writing to John Taylor, Nov. 26, 1735, says, — 
 
 " I have not seen Samuel Nutt since I received thy letter which in- 
 forms me of his returns being sent up. I hope Wm. Branson's are 
 also sent that thereby the long depending affair between them may be 
 at length settled." 
 
 William Branson's first wife was Mary, daughter of 
 Robert Tate, of Philadelphia, and to her death he refers, 
 1727, in a letter to his cousin, Thomas Green. In 1731 a 
 wife Elizabeth joins him in a deed for some land in Cain, and 
 in 1738 we find him again taking a partner in the person 
 of Sarah, a daughter of Joseph Wilcox, of Philadelphia. 
 She had been twice a widow under the names of Bryant 
 and Warren. The first wife was doubtless the mother of 
 his children. These were Rebecca, who married Samuel 
 riower ; Mary, who married Bernhard Van Leer; Hannah, 
 who married Richard Hockley ; and Elizabeth, who married 
 Lynford Lardner. In 1744, William Branson, by three 
 separate deeds, vested in each of his three daughters, Re- 
 becca, Mary, and Hannah (with their husbands), one-fourth 
 part of all and singular the messuages, plantations, lands, 
 tenements, forges, furnaces, iron and other mines and min- 
 erals,, and hereditaments of the said William Branson 
 within the several counties of Lancaster (now Berks) and 
 Chester, and of all the servants, negroes, household goods, 
 cattle, utensils, implements, live and dead stock, etc., there- 
 unto belonging. A similar conveyance of the remaining 
 fourth part of the estate was made in 1750 to Lynford 
 Lardner and wife, but by these conveyances only a life 
 estate was vested in his daughters and sons-in-law, after 
 whose deaths it was to become the inheritance of their 
 children. 
 
 William Branson died in 1760, having survived all of 
 his children except Elizabeth. His grandchildren, who 
 inherited the property, were fifteen in number. Rebecca 
 Flower left three children, — Mary, married to Garardus 
 Clarkson ; Hannah, to Thomas Assheton ; and Samuel, who 
 was a physician. Mary Van Leer's children were William, 
 George, Branson, Benjamin, and Samuel. Hannah Hock- 
 ley left two, — William Branson and Mary, who married 
 John Wilcocks. The Lardners were John, Frances, Han- 
 nah, William, and James. The interests of all these heirs 
 were purchased by Rutter & Potts, of the Warwick Fur- 
 nace, by several conveyances in the years 1778 to 1783 
 the shares of William and James Lardner being the last 
 obtained. 
 
 Acrelius, a careful historian, in the " History of New Swe- 
 den," 1759, writes thus of iron-works in Chester County : 
 
 " Friend's [French] Creek, in Chester Coui.ty, near the Schuylkill. 
 The mine is rich and abundant, from ten to twelve feet deep, com- 
 mencing on the surface. Its discoverer is Mr. Nutt, who afterwards 
 took Mr. Branz [Branson] info partnership. They bolh went to 
 England, brought workmen back with them and continued together. 
 Each has his own furnace — Branz at Reading, Nutt in Warwick. 
 Each also has his own Forges — Branz in Windsor. Nutt supplies four 
 forges besides his own in Chester County. 
 
 " Sarum belongs to Taylor's heirs ; has three stacks, and is in full 
 blast. 
 
 " Crum Creek belongs to Peter Dicks ; has two stacks, is worked 
 sluggishly, and has ruined Crosby's family. 
 
 " Two others are in the Great Valley. 
 
 " At French Creek, or Branz's works, there is a steel-furnace, built 
 with a draught-hole, and called an ' air-oven.* In this iron bars are 
 set at the distance of an inch apart. Between them are scattered 
 horn, coal-dust, ashes, etc. _ The iron bars are thus covered with blis- 
 ters, and this is called 'blister-steel.' It serves as the best steel to 
 put upon edge-tools. These steel-works are now said to be out of 
 operation." 
 
 The location of the works in the Great VaHey is uncer- 
 tain, but it may have been in- the neighborhood of Valley 
 Forge. Sept. 26, 1751, Stephen Evans and Joseph Williams 
 advertise for sale a two-thirds interest in 375 acres near the 
 mouth of Valley Creek, with a forge and saw-'Oiill thereon. 
 
 The works of Peter Dicks, mentioned by Acrelius, were 
 established as early as 1742, by John Crosby and Peter 
 Dicks, whose dam on Crum Creek overflowed Thomas 
 Dell's land, and caused the latter to complain to Chester 
 Montlily Meeting, 8th month 25th of that year. 
 
 In the petition of William Trego, of Goshen, 1739, for 
 license to keep a public-house, he represents that he is on 
 the great road from the north branches of Brandywine to 
 Chester, Concord, and Birmingham, which road is much 
 more used than in the previous year, " by reason of the 
 Great Quantities of fSower and Pigg mettle carried down 
 the s* road." What became of this pig-metal is not clear, 
 but if not used on the river it was probably exported from 
 Chester. 
 
 John Taylor, who established Sarum Forge, on Chester 
 Creek, at the present Glen Mills, had a store, and seems to 
 have been using iron in 1742, as appeals by the following 
 order : 
 
 " Son Isaac : Let sister Mary [Brogdon] have goods to the value 
 of three pounds, five shillings, being for half «■ Tun of Pig Iron, & 
 charge it to account. jjjo Taylor. 
 
 "July 22d, 1742." 
 
 We find Taylor, on Jan. 18, 1745, making an agreement 
 with Thomas Wills, forgcman and finer, who was to work 
 in the forge two years, making anconies, at 22«. 6d. per ton. 
 June 10, 1746, Rees Jones agrees to coal for John Taylor 
 200 cords of wood in Middletown, at lis. 8d. per 100 
 bushels, " half money, half goods, as customary." In 
 1751, Taylor sent an invoice of bar-iron to Mr. Plumsted, 
 of Philadelphia, for shipment to Boston, and asked for the 
 returns to be made in oil, loaf-sugar, and rum. 
 
 The policy of England towards her colonies was adverse 
 to the exportation of American products, and a duty was 
 imposed on iron taken to England. Thomas Penn, writin"', 
 Aug. 19, 1743, to Richard Hockley, mentions his en- 
 deavors to have the duty taken oS, and adds, — 
 
MILLS, IRON MANUFACTURE, ETC. 
 
 317 
 
 " I am told that it is a mute point whether the duty could be re- 
 covered upon Bar Iron if it was disputed, and intend to have somo 
 opinion upon it : if that should bo the case it might be worth Mr. 
 Branson's or somo of the Iron ma-sters' wliile, together, to send over a 
 few Tons and order their Correspondents to try, it. I should be very 
 ready to bear a part of the Expense." 
 
 When at length this duty was partly taken off, a more 
 unjust measure took its place, and an act of Parliament was 
 passed which provided " That from and after the li4th day 
 of June, 1750, no mill or other engine for slitting or roll- 
 ing of iron, or any plating-forge to work with a tilt-ham- 
 mer, or any furnace for making steel, shall be erected, or 
 after such erection continued, in any of His Majesty's colo- 
 nies in America, . . . and further that every such mill, 
 engine, forge, or furnace so erected or continued, contrary 
 to the directions of this act, shall be deemed a common 
 nuisance, to be abated," etc. And the Lieutenant Governor, 
 on the 16th day of August, 1750, issued his proclamation 
 to the sheriffs of the several counties, commanding them to 
 furnish lists of such establishments or owners thereof as 
 came within the provisions of the law. 
 
 John Owen, the sheriff of Chester County, reported 
 that there was but one mill or engine for slitting and rolling 
 iron within the county, which was situated in Thornbury 
 township, and erected in 1746 by John Taylor, and that 
 there was no " Plateing fforge to work with a Tilt Hammer, 
 nor any ffurnace for making of Steel" in the said county. 
 July 1, 1750, Thomas Penu writes to Richard Hockley : 
 
 " You will before this time be informed of our success in getting 
 the Duty taken off Pig Iron from the Plantations to any part in Great 
 Britain, and of Bjir Iron to the Port of London or any of the King's 
 Yards. There never was a stronger opposition to any common busi- 
 ness that was oarryed, I believe, in Parliament and tho' we could not 
 get all we wanted, I hope what we have got will be of great advan- 
 tage to America in time. I enclose you the Act you will find there 
 must not be any more Steel Furnices or Slitting Mills erected. I 
 think Mr. Branson has one of the first which you will take care to 
 keep upp and in time it may be of great advantage to you." 
 
 Some extracts from a statement prepared by John Tay- 
 lor, May, 1754, in regard to one of his workmen, will give 
 some insight of the iron manufacture at tliat day : 
 
 "By Article of the 25th of June, 1748, said Csesar Andrew did 
 agree to work with me as a Hammer man for three years at 15«. per 
 Tun, unless he could improve himself so as to become u, compleat 
 Hammer-man, and then he was to receive half the customary wages, 
 being then 17/6d. per Tun : But in consideration that he released his 
 claim to all arrearages of standing wages and on the 2d of February, 
 1750, agreed not to charge anything for cutting of Hammers & anvils 
 for the future I allowed him 20*. per Tun to y= e.\piration of the 
 three years, and then he agreed with me to work on y" same terms for 
 one year more but upon an agreement he afterward made with his 
 partner, Rich* Helton, I paid him 17/6 only for the last 36 Tun, 17 
 bund* & two quarters of Iron he drawed and he then absconded, not 
 having settled aoco" with me. Caesar neglected my business, de- 
 stroyed my hammers & geers and wasted my anconies & coals so that 
 upon a moderate computation I am damaged by his ill conduct above 
 £100. The anconies he wasted or converted to his own use are 
 charged at £28 per Tun, when I sold y« Iron to y« Best customers at 
 £30 per Tun, as appears in Book I, page 208 & 166. The anconies 
 are drawn out for 35/ per Tun and five shillings per tun is allowed 
 fur coals. Bach Tun, finers' weight is 22 hundred, which will yield 
 20 hundred bar Iron, and what more the Hammer-man useth, he 
 always pays for, and this is y' rule amongst all Iron masters who 
 understand their business. 
 
 " Cajsar will say we want water at y* forge &, he cannot be fully 
 Employed but must go to other work. This is not so for the works 
 being rebuilt go ivith less water than ever." 
 
 Reading Furnace, in East Nantmeal, now Warwick, 
 after its purchase by Rutter & Potts, was allowed to fall 
 into disuse, and it is likely the object was principally to get 
 possession of the lands belonging thereto. In 1788, Capt. 
 Samuel Van Leer, a grandson of William Branson, was as- 
 sessed with a forge, which it is said he built on the site of 
 the old furnace. Isaac W. Van Leer, a grandson of 
 Samuel, says of it, — 
 
 " The forge was carried on successfully for many years by Capt. 
 Van Leer & Sons, but, like most sublunary things, it had its decline 
 and fall. William, the second son, who had chief management, died 
 at tho early age of thirty-two. The dam-breast broke, and was never 
 rebuilt; the monotone of the over-falling water and the 'go-penny- 
 compound' of the old hammer (which we children used to think it 
 spoke as plainly as the whippoorwill repeats its name) are silenced 
 forever." 
 
 In 1786, Jesse Potts is assessed in Coventry with a steel 
 furnace, but in 1787, Ellis Jones & Co. appear to bo the 
 operators, and these, in 1788, give way to North & Evans. 
 In West Nantmeal, David Moore had a forge in 1786, and 
 in 1788, James Moore appears to have the same, with 564 
 acres of land. 
 
 Vincent Forge is frequently mentioned in the records of 
 the last century, particularly in the shape of advertise- 
 ments in the Philadelphia Weekly Mercury, in a man- 
 ner to show that it often clianged ownerships.* John 
 Young, of Vincent, forge-master, made his will March 2, 
 1781. He devised his forge to his son John, at age of 
 twenty-one. Possibly his wife, Susanna, held it in trust 
 meanwhile, as it is assessed to her in 1785-87. In 1788, 
 James Templin appears to have had the forge,— perhaps 
 on lease. 
 
 " Rebecca Furnace," which drew its supply of ore from 
 " Jones' mines," was built by Mordecai Peirsol about the 
 year 1764.t In 1793 it was owned by Jacob Vinance, 
 Thomas Rutter, Sarah May, and Samuel Potts. It was 
 discontinued in 1794, on account of the inability to obtain 
 wood for charcoal, the farmers refusing to sell it. "I 
 have seen," says Prof McClune, "stoves purporting to 
 have been cast at Rebecca Furnace which bore the date of 
 1768, but the late Dr. Happersett informed me that they 
 were cast for Peirsol at Warwick Furnace." 
 
 Old historic Warwick Furnace is now no more, having 
 been out of use and dismantled for several years, and 
 upon its site (where cannon used in the Revolution and a 
 
 ■» The following arc some of the advertisements referred to, in a 
 condensed form : 
 
 Oct. 29, 1767.— John Davis warns persons from buying Vincent 
 Forge, advertised by sheriff for sale as the property of George and 
 Myrick Davis, as he bought it of the last sheriff and paid all the pur- 
 chase money. 
 
 March 10, 1768.— John Davis offers at public sale 200 acres m \ in- 
 cent, good forge, three fires, two hammers; also between 200 and 300 
 acres of timber land. 
 
 March 9, 1769.— John Evans and John Davis offer to sell at public 
 sale a forge for making bar-iron-3 fires, 2 hammers-known by the 
 name of French Creek; stick of coals, etc.; 206 acres of land-30 
 acres of rye in the ground in Vincent. 
 
 Nov. 23, 1791.— Thomas Bull and Henry Christman, guardians, offer 
 to let for 'two years Vincent Forge, 4 fires, 2 hammers, 300 acres, 
 grist- and saw-mill, on French Creek. 
 
 Feb. 26, 1800.— John Young advertises Vincent Forge. 
 
 t In 1788 he was assessed with a furnace, grist- anl saw-mills, and 
 180 acres of land. 
 
348 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 bell which did duty in the days of '76 were cast)* the 
 peaceful occupation of butter- and cheese-making is now 
 carried on, a creamery being tlicre erected the present 
 year (1881). 
 
 " Isabella Furnace" was established by David Potts about 
 1830. 
 
 VALLEY FORGE. 
 
 Valley Forge was built on the western side of Valley 
 Creek, in Chester County. The original site was about 
 five-eighths of a mile from the mouth of the crock. It 
 was owned and operated by members of the Potts family 
 fiom the spring of 1757 until its destruction by the Brit- 
 ish, about two months before the American army encamped 
 there, in 1777. From 1771, Col. William Dewces, son of 
 Sheriff William Dewees, of Philadelphia, was associated 
 with the Pottses, and in 1773 appears to have bought an 
 interest. The iron used at this forge was hauled by teams 
 I'rom Warwick Furnace. After the close of the war, an- 
 other forge was erected about three-fourths of a mile far- 
 ther down the stream, on the Montgomery County side, 
 on ground now covered by part of the cotton and woolen 
 factory, and a new dam was built, raising the water partly 
 over the site of the old Mount Joy Forge. (This second 
 forge was in ruins in 1816.) About the same time a slit- 
 ting-mill was erected on the Chester County side, most 
 probably being constructed out of one of the buildings 
 used by the artisans for the army. The forge and slitting- 
 mill were built by Isaac Potts and his brother David. 
 
 In 1786 they were operated under the firm-name of 
 Isaac Potts & Co., the company consisting of David 
 (Isaac's brother) and his son James. The property sub- 
 sequently passed through the hands of Joseph Potts, 
 Ralph Peacock, Rebecca Robbins, and Jacob Vogdes, 
 until, in 1814, the latter, who had not operated the works, 
 sold them to John Rogers and Joshua Malin. Malin, who 
 was a cousin of Rogers, was the manager. He rebuilt the 
 rolling- and slitting-mill, making it about 30 feet wide 
 by 80 feet long. There was a " tilt-mill" in one end, and 
 between the main building and the dam a small foundry, 
 the cupola of which was blown by a water-blast. He also 
 commenced a three-story stone building on the present 
 cotton-factory. This was intended for the manufacture of 
 hardware. In 1816, Malin became involved, and John 
 Rogers was by suit proven to be his partner and compelled 
 to pay his debts. April 1st of that year Rogers bought 
 Malin's half-interest in the property, and in the fall of the 
 year James Wood went there as a partner of John Rogers 
 and manager of the works. Isaac Smedley was also a 
 member of the firm. Wood completed the mill, which 
 was intended by Malin for a hardware-factory, and made it 
 into a saw-factory principally, though shovels, spades, files, 
 etc., were also made. He also operated the rolling-mill, 
 
 -■ Along with the old cannon oast by "Warwick," on exhibition at 
 the Centennial E.xposition in Philadelphia in 1876, wns a bell, oiist iit 
 the fame furnace in 1757 by the ancient firm ot' I'otts A Rutter. It 
 was used to call the men to work from the date of its manufacture 
 until May 15, 1874, when it was sent to Col. J. M. Feger, of Phila- 
 delphia, by Thomas W. Potts, Jr., of Warwick. While Washington 
 was at Valley Forge this bell was rung to assemble the citizens in 
 order to bury the cannon, that they might not fall into the enemy's 
 hands. 
 
 made boiler-plate and sheet- and band-iron. Part of this 
 was slit for the nail-mill at Phoenixville, where as yet they 
 had no such facilities. (Lewis Wernwag operated the nail- 
 mill at Phoenixville at the time.) Malin had made nails 
 by hand in a frame building nearer the road. The iron 
 used by Wood in the rolling mill was obtained from Laurel 
 Forge, Coventry Forge, and Springton Forge. 
 
 About 1818, John Rogers sent John Parkins and his son, 
 John, Jr., to Wood to see if they could successfully make cast 
 steel, to be used in their saws. These men had during 1812 
 made an attempt to make cast steel in New York City, but 
 failed. A furnace was built in the back end of the rolling- 
 mill, but did not prove large enough ; then a large stack 
 was erected between the rolling-mill and the smith-shop 
 (part of the smith-shop is still standing and used as a 
 stable), and six furnaces were built around it. Here cast 
 steel of good quality for use in saws was made. Sixty 
 barrels of clay for crucibles were brought from Perth Ani- 
 boy. Early in 1821, Brooke Evans, of SheflSeld, England, 
 went to Valley Forge, having leased the property from 
 Rogers. He converted the saw-factory and rolling-mill, 
 then being vacated by James Wood, into gun-factories. 
 He raised the roof of the rolling-mill and added two 
 stories to it. (He made at Valley Forge 20,000 muskets.) 
 This building was subsequently destroyed by a freshet, and 
 no traces of it remain. The building on the Montgomery 
 County side, after being vacated as a gun-factory, was en- 
 larged and converted into a cotton and woolen factory .f 
 
 Mary Ann Forge, on the north branch of the Brandywine, 
 two miles north of Downingtown, was built in 1785, and 
 Springton Forge, on the same stream, five miles north of 
 Mary Ann Forge, was built in 1766. Springton is still 
 active.J Hibernia Forge, on West Brandywine Creek, four 
 miles north of Coatesville, was built in 1793, and a small 
 rolling-mill was added in 1837 ; they were abandoned and 
 dismantled in 1880. Rokeby Rolling-Mill, on Buck Run, 
 four miles south of Coatesville, was built in 1795, and 
 Brandywine Rolling-Mill, at Coatesville, was built in 1810. 
 Sadsbury Forges, on Octorara Creek, near Christiana, were 
 built in 1800 and 1802. One of these continued in oper- 
 ation until December, 1880, when it was burned down. 
 Ringwood Forge, on Octorara Creek, also near Christiana, 
 was built in 1810, was in operation in 1856, and has since 
 been abandoned. Pine Grove Forge, sixteen miles south of 
 Penningtonville, on Octorara Creek, in the same county, 
 was built about 1800; a small rolling-mill was added in 
 1844, on the Chester County side of the creek. These 
 enterprises have been abandoned. Pleasant Garden Forge, 
 five miles southeast of Oxford, and two miles southwest of 
 New London, was built in 1806, and abandoned about 
 1848. A small rolling-mill was built in 1845, which is 
 also abandoned. 
 
 GERMAN STEEL, Etc. 
 
 Frederick Sheeder, who was born at Saarbriicken, Ger- 
 many, in a history of Vincent township, gives an interesting 
 
 t For this sketch, written by Joseph B. Thropp, we are indebted to 
 a " History of Iron-making in Pennsylvania," by James M. Swank, 
 secretary of the American Iron and Steel Association. 
 
 X "This is the only forgo ever built in West Nantmeal, and is the 
 oldest now in operation in the county." — Pin/. McCl.ine. 
 
COATESVILLE IKON-WOEKS. 
 DR. CHARLES HUSTON, PROPRIETOR. 
 
MILLS, IKON MANUFACTURE, ETC. 
 
 349 
 
 sketch of some attempts to manufacture iron and steel in 
 that neighborhood, from whiuh wc condense the following : 
 
 In the spring of 1793 luy father, with his family and seven fam- 
 ilies more, left for America on account of the then French Revolu- 
 tion. Father, Henry Shceder, and Clemens Uentgcn, ptecl factors, 
 bad received letters two years before that time, and one shortly be- 
 fore they left, from the Messrs. Polts and Ilcbart, of Potlsgrove, in 
 which they promised to erect a for;;e for them to make Gorman steel 
 in this country. They never would have left Europe but for those 
 flattering letters. Hillarius Baker, then mayor of the city, a Gor- 
 man, and brother-in-law of Mr. Hobart, used to write the letters for 
 them. We arrived at Philadelphia iu October of the first sickness. 
 In two weeks wagons were sent by Messrs. Potts and Ilobart to take 
 us to Vinfeent township, where they were then erecting works. First 
 a slitting-mill, which was under roof when we arrived, and as father 
 had intended me to be his journeyman to make steel (though I had 
 learned the tailor trade before loiiving Europe), wc all worked, help- 
 ing to make the dam and to erect the stabling and forge to make 
 steel. The proprietors came over almost every Saturday to see how 
 we were coming on, there being from 35 to 40 hands at work. 
 Kearly every time they came after the foundations for the steel- 
 works were staked oif, father and Rent^en cautioned them not to 
 allow the millwright to go on as he had been, for it would never do to 
 make steel in such a thing as this seemed to be. None of our folks 
 could talk to the Poltses, as they did not speak German, hut Mr. Ilo- 
 bart did, and his answer was to be satisfied, that they had a wise and 
 ingenious millwright, and he would make all right. ** Yes,'' was the 
 reply of father and Eentgen. " He will empty your purse for you, 
 and then you will see." They told him the millwright had never 
 seen a German steel-factory, and could not be expected to erect one. 
 AVhen at last the work was pronounced to be finished, the proprie- 
 tors had notice to be present and see it go into operation. Father 
 objected to drawing the gate, and they asked his reasons, and he 
 quickly replied that even if the machinery for conveying the air to 
 the furnace would answer, none of the rest would. The millwright 
 had his horse saddled, and when father was prevailed on to draw the 
 gate, off he went like wind, and I never heard that they saw him 
 again. In less than no time the gentlemen were convinced of their 
 error. They altered the works so as to make some tons of raw steel. 
 I went to Philadelphia to work at my trade, and father and Rentgen 
 left soon alter. If it was not for posterity to know where, and that 
 German steel had been manufactured in this country and in this 
 township, I should not have mentioned it. It was not brought to 
 perfection, however, at Potts' works, which were chnnged to make or 
 forge iron, which business was carried on some fifteen years, when 
 Clement Rentgen purchased them, but they lay idle ever since. 
 Father was induced by Jacob Lesher, of Pottstown, to go to liim, and 
 works were erected for making steel at a place called Long Swamp, 
 in Berks County, now Trctlcr's Iron-Works. Father made steel at 
 that place for six or nine months, but the stream was too light, and 
 he quit it, after which Lesher turned it into an iron forge, which 
 takes but about half as much water. Mr. Eckerd, above Reading, 
 turned his forge into a fteel forge, and bought of Lesher the tackling, 
 and father went there and worked for some time. 
 
 In the mean time Clement Rentgen went to Christopher Knauer, on 
 French Creek, in Nantmeal township, and Knauer erected a tilt for 
 hiin, where he made shovels, spades, and hoes, lie also invented the 
 making of round bar iron, and obtained « patent thereon. Being 
 unable to supply the demand with one tilt, he in the year 1804, or 
 thereabouts, purchased a site of Samuel Hirsh where the Royal Spring 
 Run empties into French Creek, and erected a tilt there, to which he 
 moved as soon as a house was finished for his family. He left Peter 
 Grand at the one he moved from to carry on the business in Rentgcn's 
 name, paying him $30 for every ton he could make. Rentgen had all 
 the trouble of providing the bar-iron and disposing of the product, 
 besides being responsible to Knauer for the rent, for all which he had 
 $5 per Ion for all that Grand made. Peter Grand was an apprentice 
 to Rentgen in Germany, and worked three years as journeyman with 
 him before coming to America. Rentgen brought him here to be his 
 journeyman, but as the business did not prosper at first Grund learned 
 the blacksmith trade, and followed that until he took charge of the 
 tilt-mill. Mr. Knauer persuaded Grund to sell the iron himself in 
 Philadelphia, and put the $5 in his own pocket; so he Hentto the 
 city and let the works stand while he was absent, and when ho came 
 
 back he had to go from forge to forge to get bar-iron. Rentgen tried 
 to prevail on Knauer and Grund to desist from this course, anil at 
 last had a notice served on (hem by the United States marshal. The 
 matter came to trial, and Grund testified that Rentgen was not the 
 inventor of making round iron, for he had learned his trade with 
 him, and so Rentgen lost the suit, and his patent was void. 
 
 Now it WHS a fact that Grund learned his trade with Rentgen. hut 
 that was refining steel, and in the time Rentgen worked at Knaucr's 
 ho refined for the Poltses that raw steel that fiither maile at Vincent 
 works. Peter Grund came to Rentgen, which is quite bright (o my 
 recollection, and neither of them had ever seen or heard of any round 
 iron being made such as that by a blacksmith, but I often had heard 
 Rentgen relate thiit he had a brother many years in advance of him 
 who was the inventor of wire-drawin.'. 
 
 After all this Rentgen invented the rolling of round iron, of which 
 word flew to England, and the market was soon overstocked, since 
 which Rentgen's works are idle. He then invented the making of 
 cannon- and grape-shot as smooth as ever a small shot was made. He 
 sent two boxes to Washington for inspection, and the War Depart- 
 ment approved of them, but he got no further encouragement. 
 
 A Mr. Voigt, or Vooht, then head of the United States Mint.'at 
 Philadelphia, pronounced the steel that was made here better than 
 any that had come from Europe. They then used none but German 
 steel for the dies for coining. 
 
 In Swank's history of iron manufacture, already referred 
 to, it is stated that Kentgen obtained a patent Nov. 17, 1796, 
 for forging bolts or round iron; and on June 27, 1810, 
 another patent for rolling iron in round shapes, " proving 
 that Cort's rolls had not then been introduced into the 
 United States." His various enterprises were known as 
 the " Pikeland Works" from being situated in that township. 
 
 TUB FIRST ROLLING-MILL, 
 not only in Chester County, but in the State and nation, is 
 thus described (2, 15, 1881), by A. F. Huston, of Coates- 
 ville : 
 
 "My great-grandfather, Isaac Pennock, moved into Bast Fallow- 
 field township, to a place now called Rokcby, about 1793, and estab- 
 lished a mill for rolling sheet- and strip-iron. Its name was ' Federal 
 Slitting-Mill,' and run by water-power,— Buck Run. This was the 
 first rolling-mill in America, so far as I have been able to learn. 
 
 " The strips were slit up (hence the name sliuing-mill) info rods for 
 making nails. All nnils were then forged out of rods by hand on the 
 anvil. There were no boiler-plates made or needed at that time. I 
 have an old ledger of the siitting-mill, bearing the date of 1798, which 
 was probably about the date of the first work done at the mill.* Re- 
 becca, daughter of Isaac Pennock, married Dr. Charles Lukens, the 
 latter going into partnership with his father-in-law. But in 1816 the 
 doctor and his wife moved to Coatesville, where he operated the mill 
 called Brandywine (now Lukens). It was the first, .ind for many 
 years the only, mill at that place. It was there the 
 
 FIEST BOILER-PLATE MADEIN PENNSYLVANIA 
 was manufactured. It is jirobably, too, the first in America. So Dr. 
 Charles Lukens (my grandfather) was the pioneer in this branch of 
 the iron manufacture. 
 
 " At the death of Dr. Lukens, i^ 1825, the business was carried on 
 by his wife, Rebecca W. Lukens, who greatly increased it, and con- 
 ducted it successfully for many years. As a tribute to her memory 
 the" name of the works was, after her death, changed to ' Lukens 
 Rolling-Mill.' It has been operated continuously in the family from 
 1816 to the present day." 
 
 " Lukens Rolling-Mills," (formerly Brandywine) were es- 
 tablished in 1810. Dr. Charles Lukens operated them from 
 1816 until his death (1825), and afterwards his widow for 
 many years. Its present owners and managers are Charles, 
 A. F,, and C. L. Huston, and Charles Penrose, under the 
 firm-name of Huston, Penrose & Co. This mill has four 
 
 ® The " Federal Slittiiig-Mill" has long since been abandoned for 
 manufacturing iron, and apaper-mill now occupies its site. 
 
350 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 heating- and three puddling-furnaces. About 100 men are 
 employed. 
 
 THE PHCENIX IRON-WORKS. 
 
 Iron-works were started at this place in the latter part of 
 the last century for the manufacture of nails, and were con- 
 tinued without much success until 1828, when the works 
 were bought at sheriif 's sale, as the property of Jonas 
 Thompson, by Reeves & VVhitaker, the partners then being 
 Benjamin and David Reeves and James and Joseph Whit- 
 aker. They materially increased and improved the works, 
 building a new and improved rolling-mill, and putting in 
 improved self-heading nail machinery, much more than 
 quadrupling the product. They also built a charcoal blast- 
 furnace, which they ran for several years, until the acces- 
 sible wood was exhausted. In 1845 they began the erec- 
 tion of two anthracite blast-furnaces, and in 1846 the erec- 
 tion of a rolling-mill for the manufacture of railroad iron. 
 This rolling-mill was at that time equal, if not superior, 
 to any rolling-mill in this country, and was also equal in 
 quality, if not in capacity, to any at that time existing in 
 England. Since then another and larger blast-furnace has 
 been added, the mills have been materially enlarged, the 
 machine-shop increased in capacity, so that the progress 
 has been not only onward in quantity, but upward in 
 quality. 
 
 Rails continued a large part of the product of the 
 wrought iron of these works up to the close of the war, 
 since which very few rails have been made, attention hav- 
 ing been mainly directed to higher and finer qualities of 
 iron. 
 
 The manufacture of nails was continued at these works 
 until 1848, when the nail-mill was burned. The business 
 of nail-making was then transferred to other works owned 
 by the same firm at Bridgeton, Cumberland Co., N. J. 
 
 The owners of the works have been since 1828 suc- 
 cessively Reeves & Whitaker, Reeves, Buck & Co., and 
 the Phoenix Iron Company, the Messrs. Reeves being for 
 the entire time by far the largest owners. 
 
 When fully at work there are about 1500 men employed, 
 nearly 100,000 tons of coal consumed, about 60,000 tons 
 of ore required for the blast-furnaces, which have a capacity 
 to produce about 30,000 tons of pig-iron, which is about 
 what the mill requires to be converted into wrought iron. 
 The annual value of sales is about $3,000,000. 
 
 The wages alone paid out to the workmen in busy times 
 is nearly $70,000 per month, and the freight paid on the 
 raw material coming is over $30,000 per month. 
 
 The new mill is a fire-proof building, being an iron 
 frame, sided with iron and roofed with slate. It is the 
 largest single mill in this country. 
 
 This company, of which John GrifiFen is the general 
 superintendent, manufactures all the higher qualities of 
 wrought iron, such as are used by architects, engineers, 
 fancy iron-workers, iron-bridge builders, etc., including iron 
 beams and joists used in buildings and the ribs and decks 
 of iron ships. At these works have been rolled most of the 
 iron used for ribs and decks of all the iron ships built on 
 the Delaware, included among which are the iron steamers 
 running in the interest of the Pennsylvania Railroad to 
 Liverpool, as also those built at Chester for the Pacific 
 
 Mail Steamship Company, two of which were of 5000 tons 
 burden, — next to the " Great Eastern" the two largest mer- 
 chant steamships afloat. 
 
 These works made large quantities of wrought-iron guns 
 (which, by the by, was an invention of one of its em- 
 ployees), which were used during the war of the Rebellion. 
 
 THE THORNDALE IRON-AVORKS. 
 
 The first erection of works was in 1847, when J. & J. 
 Forsythe & Sons built the mill and 16 dwelling-houses. 
 In a few years the propei-ty was sold, the works being pur- 
 chased by Horace A. Beale (Parkesburg), who sold about 
 1861 to J. B. Moorhead, of Philadelphia, from whom 
 they passed into the hands of William L. Bailey in the 
 autumn of 1868, who ran the works for nearly eight years, 
 in connection with J. B. Hayes, under the firm-name of 
 William L. Bailey & Co. They are now owned by a stock 
 company, Charles L. Bailey, of Harrisburg, being president ; 
 Abraham S. Patterson, of same place, vice-president; and 
 William L. Bailey, treasurer. They manufacture plate-iron 
 of the various descriptions used in locomotives, boilers, 
 tanks, bridges, and ships, producing in 1880 an aggre- 
 gate of 0,495,777 pounds of finished iron. They employ 
 between 80 and 90 men. 
 
 OTHER IRON-WORKS. 
 
 The iron-manufacturing establishments in the county at 
 the present time, beside those just previously mentioned, 
 are as follows : 
 
 The Valley Iron-Works, operated by C. E. Pennock & Co., 
 is located at Rock Run, about one mile north of Coatesville. 
 The mill contains six puddling- and four heating-furnaces, 
 manufactures principally plate-iron, and employs the ser- 
 vices of some 200 hands. 
 
 The Viaduct Mill is situated in the northern part of the 
 borough of Coatesville, on the banks of the Brandywine. 
 It is said to have been established by the Yearsleys. It 
 was formerly the property (or under the management) of 
 Steele & Worth, but is now controlled by a stock company, 
 called the Coatesville Iron Company. In this mill there are 
 five puddling- and five heating-furnaces; all of them are not 
 in operation at this time. The number of men required to 
 work this mill is about 150. They manufacture pipe and 
 plate-iron. 
 
 The Laurel Iron- Works, operated by W. P. Worth & 
 Co., and the works at Parkesburg (H. A. Beale & Co.), 
 both make skelp and flue-iron. 
 
 There is a forge on the Octorara, operated by Charles 
 Goodman ; one on French Creek, by Esther Kauff"man ; 
 and one on the east branch of the Brandywine, by John 
 Cornog. 
 
 We regret that want of time prevents a complete eluci- 
 dation of the history of iron manufacture and other in- 
 dustries in this county. Several paper-mills were estab- 
 lished prior to this century, and the business has grown to 
 one of considerable magnitude. 
 
 CLOCK-MAKERS. 
 
 The old long eight-day clocks of our grandfathers were 
 formerly made by several persons in this county. The 
 
Res of R.J. GRIER, East Nottingham Chester Co. Pa. 
 
 . ...-.■i„. '-■ ■ ■ 
 
 M^ JORDAN POTTERY Oxford. Chester CoPa^R.J. GRIER, Phoprieto/j. 
 
INTERNAL IMPEOVEMENTS. 
 
 351 
 
 evidence seems to indicate that the brass works were ob- 
 tained from England and fitted together here, the cases 
 being generally made on the spot. 
 
 The Cbandlees of Nottingham wore the first workmen in 
 that line of whom we have any account. Benjamin Chand- 
 lee was the pioneer, and removed fi-om that neighborhood 
 in 1741. His son, of the same name, manufactured at the 
 '• Brick Meeting" not only clocks, but compasses and a 
 general line of mathematical instruments. He died in 
 1794. Ellis Chandlee, son of the latter, was perhaps the 
 most ingenious of his line, and clocks of his make are yet 
 to be found. 
 
 Isaac Thomas, of Willistown, grandfather of the late 
 Dr. Isaac Thomas, was a cabinet-maker, and made clocks 
 during several years of the last century. His residence 
 was on the Boot road, near Cruiu Creek. Caleb Uibberd, 
 of the same township, a mile east of Sugartown, was a 
 maker of clocks in the early part of" this century. Isaac 
 Jackson, of New Garden, grandfather of Joseph J. Lewis, 
 was quite ingenious, and worked in the finer metals. He 
 is classed among the clock-makers. Benjamin Garrett, a 
 
 cabinet-maker of Goshen, began to make clocks about 1800. 
 The castings were imported, and filed and fitted by his 
 workmen, he making only the cases. The surrounding 
 townships were pretty well supplied with his clocks, which 
 he continued to make for fifteen or twenty years. His 
 rcKidence was about three hundred yards east of Goshen 
 Meeting. Joseph Cave, a clock- and watch-maker of West 
 Chester, made clocks from about 1824 to 1834, Thomas 
 Ogdeii making the cases for him. Abraham Corl, of East 
 Nantmeal, carried on the business about 1820. George 
 Baldwin, of Sadsburyville, and D. M. Anderson, of 
 Waynesburg, were also clock -makers about fifty years ago.. 
 George Jackson, of Unionville, is said to have obtained 
 both works and cases from the Old World, and fitted them 
 together here. 
 
 The most of these makers had their names placed on the 
 faces of their clocks, but omitted the dates, which would 
 now add to their value. The Yankee clocks being intro- 
 duced abouc 1835, few of the others were made after that 
 date. Those which now remain are becoming much sought 
 after as relics and specimens of antique furniture. 
 
 INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 EOADS, TURNPIKES, BRIDUES, PERKIES, CA- 
 NALS, RAILROADS. 
 
 The earliest highways were the Indian trails. The gov- 
 ernment took early action for the establishment of roads. 
 In 1678 the court at Upland 
 
 " ordered that every person should within the space of two months, 
 as far as his land reaches, malje good and passable ways from neigh- 
 bor to neighbour, w'th bridges where itt needs, To the End that 
 ncigbours on occasion may come together,— those neglecting to forfeit 
 25 guilders." 
 
 The manner of making these roads is not prescribed in 
 this order, but a few months later the court at New Castle 
 made the following order ; 
 
 " The highways to be cleared as followeth, viz : the way to bee made 
 cleare of standing and lying trees, at least ten feet broad ; all stumps 
 and Shrubs to be close cutt by ye ground, The trees markt' yearly on 
 both sydes— sufficient hridges to be made and kept ouer all marshy, 
 -swampy and difficult dirty places, and what ever else shall bee 
 thought more necessary about yo Highwayea afores'd." 
 
 The earliest appointment of supervisors or overseers of 
 roads was made Oct. 13, 1680. The following is the entry 
 of their appointment in the Upland court records '. 
 
 " Whereas, the Court finds itt necessary that some fitt persons bee 
 appointed as overseers of ye highways and roads; and as overseers 
 and viewers of all fences throughout this county ; It was therefore Re- 
 solved, and Mr. John Cock k Lasse Dalboe were this day appointed 
 k sworn overseers & viewers of ye bighwayes and roads & fences 
 •within this county for one year, or til others be appointed in their sd 
 places." 
 
 The court, under Penn's government, continued to ap- 
 point supervisors and fence-viewers for the different pre- 
 
 cincts or townships as occasion required until the year 
 1692, when it was 
 
 " ordered, that every respective township within this county for the 
 future, from time to time, shall within themselves appoint supervisors 
 and fence viewers, and mtike returns of the same to the County Court 
 from time to time." 
 
 In the early days of the province public roads were laid 
 out by the grand jury, one-third of their number being 
 competent for that purpose. The following returns will 
 show the manner in which that duty was performed : 
 
 " October 25th— 1687. Laid out a highway from Birmingham to 
 Concord, being a thirty foot way, by virtue of an order of Court bear- 
 ing date the 4th day of October 1687— laid out by us, Walter Marten, 
 John Mendenhall, John Kingsman, William Cloud and Richard 
 Thatcher, being one-third part of the present Grand Jury of the County 
 of Chester, viz: Beginning at a wi;iteoak standing on asmall branch 
 at William Branton's, marked with five notches, thence along a line 
 of marked trees between Alice Brunson and land late Edward Turner 
 to Concord Corner Tree, thence down Concord lyne between the said 
 Alice Brunson and Philip Roman to a white oalt, marked with five 
 notches— then cross e the corner of the said Philip Roman's land — then 
 erosse William Hitchcock's land— then crosse land that was William 
 Biase's — thence crosse John Mendenhall's land then crosse land that . 
 was Peter Louder's— thence crosse part of John Symoock's land to 
 the foote bridge of Thomas Moore— then crosse part of Thomas 
 Moore's land to a white oak marked with five notches. 
 
 " Upon the 9th day of the 12th month 1687, By virtue of an or- 
 der from the last County Court given to us whose names are hereunto 
 subscribed, being the Grand Jury, lor to lay out a highway that should 
 serve for Kentown, Marple, Springfield and the inhabitants that way, 
 to the landing place att Amos Land, .did upon the day above written, 
 Begin at a Road way on the land of George Maris, which road goeth 
 from Chester through Marple to Newtown, soc from that road through 
 Bartholomew Coppock's land near his house, his house being on the 
 
352 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 left hand, soe on through Robert Taylor's land, straight on through 
 more of George Maris his land, soe bearing on a little on the right 
 hiind through George Simcoek's land, so on through Jacob Simcock's 
 Innd, li-aving his plantation on the left hand, so on straight forward 
 to liind joining to Amos Land, so into the Kings road that coine^ 
 from Darby, marking the trees as we came, so on to the landing place 
 by the main creeks side, beyond Morton Mortenson's house." 
 
 Signed by the same members of the grand jury who 
 laid out the last-mentioned road. 
 
 On the 3d of 12th month, 1684, Thomas Nossiter was 
 presented by ihe grand jury "for falling of marked trees 
 and blocking up the highway laid out by them by a former 
 order of this court." 
 
 At a court held in September, 1686, it is entered on the 
 records that, — 
 
 "The inhabitants of Bethell and Concord presented a paper to this 
 Court, signifying their good liking of the road lately laid out by the 
 Grand Jury to Chichester." 
 
 In 1688 the inhabitants of Upper and Nether Provi- 
 dence presented the inhabitants of Ridley for not cutting 
 and mending the road from Chester to those townships : 
 
 " In 1699, the court orders that two supervisors, to wit, Thomas Fox 
 of Darby, and Matthias Morton for Ridlye [Ridley] to make good 
 that new road, from Walter Faucett's fence to Darby, sixty feet wide." 
 
 The grand jury continued to lay out roads and highways 
 until the year 1699, when, the duty having probably be- 
 come somewhat onerous, the practice was changed, and 
 thereafter they were laid out by six persons appointed by 
 the court upon each application. The first appointment of 
 a jury to lay out a road was made by the court on the 12th 
 of December, 1699. The following is the minute of the 
 appointment: 
 
 " There was a petition exhibited by Ralph Fishborne to the Court, 
 ■with many hands of the inhabitnnts of this county, for a convenient 
 road way from the west side of Chester Creek, where the ferry is 
 to be kept, for to lead to the King's road; and the Court ordered Al- 
 bert Hendrixson, John Childe, James Hendrixson, James Lownes, 
 John Hoskins and Henry Worley, for to go and liiy out the said road 
 way in the most convenient place they can for the convcniency of the 
 inhabitants." 
 
 The first report of a jury of view, specially appointed by 
 the court, laying out a new road, was made in December, 
 1700. The form of return was substantially that thereto- 
 fore used by the grand jury. The jury who made this 
 return were John Worrell, Randall Malin, William Ed- 
 wards, George Smedley, Robert Peniiell, and Daniel 
 Hoopes. These surnames abound in Chester County at 
 the present day and sound very familiar. 
 
 lu 1702 the court 
 
 " ordered that all the cart roads laid out by order of Court, and al- ■ 
 lowed, shall be fifty feet broad, as the two roads laid out from Upper 
 and Nether Providence to Darby and Caleb's mill and all others." 
 
 The " Caleb's mill" here referred to was doubtless the 
 mill of Caleb Pusey on Chester Creek. 
 
 In 1703, upon the petition of Humphrey Ellis, Daniel 
 Lewis, and fifty-eight others, " the principal inhabitants of 
 y' Welsh Tract," to the Council, Samuel Richardson, David 
 Lloyd, Rowland Ellis, William Howell, William Jenkins, 
 and Richard Thomas were appointed to view certain roads 
 that had been laid out, and " to lay out and survey one 
 direct road of fifty foot in breadth, as convenient in all 
 respects as may be, both to y° inhabitants and settlers of y° 
 
 interjacent lands & travellers. Leading from Willm. Powell's 
 ferry, on Schuylkill & passing Haverford meeting House to 
 y" principal part of Goshen Township, and thence continued 
 in a dii'ect course to y^ upper settlements on Brandywine." 
 Return of a road laid out 22d of 12th month, 1704-5 : 
 
 *' Beginning at a walnut tree by the fork of Brandywine, in Alice 
 Vcstall's land, then throw s* Vestall's land into John Martin's land, 
 then throw y° s'' Martin's land into Richard Buffington's land and by 
 his hous into Robert JefTris land and so along y« uld rond_ throw a 
 kinsmans of William Hudson's and throw y" s'' Hudson's land into 
 yc land of Richard Web, and by 3'® s^ Web's hous to a popler free 
 standing in y« s* Web's field, and throw y^ tA field to a Division fence 
 in Daniel Davises field and so throw ^^ h^ field to a marked tree stand- 
 ing in y« s'l Davis' Land; thence into y^ land of William Radley, then 
 crossing y*^ s** land and John Bennett's land into Hugh Harry's land 
 in his cleared field, crossing s"* field by a perticon fence to William 
 Brainton's fence, so down by j" s^ fence to a poplar, marked ; so 
 crossing y® b<i Brainton's plantation into y^ line between Jonathan 
 Thatcher and John Brunsons so along y" s* line, heading a small 
 spring which crosseth y« s* line, so along y= t* line again to y" road 
 from Henry Pierce's so down y® s** road to Burmingham road then 
 along Concord line into Robert Pile's land so crossing y® s** Roberts 
 land to a hickory tree standing in y° line between y"^ s^ Pile's land 
 and Nethaniel Newlin's land, then crossing y^s"^ Ncwlin's land by a 
 line of marked trees into James Chiver's land to a white oak marki d 
 with five notches standing by y® road from George Harlan's to Nnmans 
 creek mill before mentioned. (Signed by) Francis Chadsey, John 
 Yearsley, George Harland, Abiah Taylor, Samuel Hollingsworth, 
 Henry Pierce." 
 
 The first report of a jury assessing road damages was 
 made to the court on the 28th of November, 1707. The 
 following is a copy of the report, and of the action of the 
 court thereon : 
 
 "In pursuance of an order of Court to us, dated the 26th day of 
 August, 1707, to adjudge the value of so much of Joseph Richards 
 manured land as is laid out for a road leading from Chester to Aston 
 — having viewed the said road, do judge the said land contained in 
 the said road to five pounds. Witness our hands ye 26th day of 
 November, 1707. Thos. Martin, Daniel Williamson, Randall Malin, 
 Joseph Baker, Thomas Powell, Randall Vernon. Allowed by the 
 Court, and ordered to be entered on record, and the Court orders the 
 Treasurer to pay the said Joseph Richards the said five pounds." 
 
 9, 27, 1716 — Petition from Cain for a road from the 
 west side of William Fleming's land to Cain mill, and 
 thence to William Brinton's, in Birmingham. James Gib- 
 bons, Richard Woodward, John Yearsley, Richard Thomas, 
 Thomas James, and David Davis appointed to view. 
 
 August, 1717. — Road from Ellis Lewis' mill southeast 
 to county line laid out. 
 
 August 14, 1717.— Road laid out from land of Griffith 
 Owen, on King's road, from Goshen to Edgemont and Ches- 
 ter, S. 60 E. 80 ; east a little south, through Owen and 
 George Ashbridge, 440 perches to mill ; thence through 
 Ashbridge, William Hudson (in Willistown), Thomas 
 Garret (deceased), east and east by north, 352 to road lead- 
 ing from mill to Chester, and across to corner of Thomas 
 Garrett's land and Samuel Lewis' land, 60 perches E. } N., 
 between. Lewis and Thomas James, and through James 
 and Thomas Mary (deceased) 220 ; east somewhat soutli- 
 .erly to road from Chester to Valley, 100 perches to end 
 of road formerly laid out from Newtown to Philadelphia. 
 
 6, 22, 1717. — Road laid out from Joseph Pennock to west 
 end of Marlborough Street, and along same 1120 perches, 
 and then N. 52 E. along Thomas Wickersham's and Moses 
 Keys' land 132 perches to road running from Henry Hayes' 
 to Brandywine Creek. 
 
RESIDENCE OF HORACE A. BEALE, FARKESBURG. 
 
 PAKKESBUKG IKON-WOEKS, PARKESBUEG, 
 HORACE A. BEALE, PROPRIETOR, 
 
Kreotecl in 1806. 
 
 "IVY COTTAGE." 
 SUMMER RESIDENCE OF MRS. SARAH R, BULL, WEST WHITBLAND. 
 
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 353 
 
 12, 11, 1717-18.— Road laid out from John Menden- 
 hiiU's, ill the vullcy, to forks of Brandywine, by way of 
 Edward Clayton, George Carter, Abraham Marshall, Thos. 
 Buffington, William Buffiugtoii, William Baldwin, Jacob 
 Taylor, etc. 
 
 A road was laid out in 1719 from Goshen to Philadel- 
 phia, commencing " at the intersection of the Goshen mill 
 road with the Providence road." This road passed by 
 what was formerly known as the " Old Square," in New- 
 town township, and a short distance beyond that point it 
 entered " the Great road leading to Philadelphia." 
 
 Juno 17, 1736. — Return of a road laid out from the 
 river Susquehanna, near the house of John Harris, in 
 Pextan township, and falling into Conestoga old road near 
 Edward Kinnison's in Whiteland, laid out by Edward 
 Nicholas, James Eldridge, Rice Price, James Armstrong, 
 Richard Buffington, Hans Graff, John Davies, John 
 Poster, Samuel Osborne, John Frederick, and John Men- 
 denhall. This road passed near Uwchlan meeting-house, 
 and was about 68i miles in length. Confirmed March 24, 
 1736-37. 
 
 May 27, 1718. — A petition of several of the inhabitants 
 of and near Conestoga, setting forth the great necessity of 
 a road to be laid out from Conestoga to Thomas Moore's 
 and Brandywine, was read in the Provincial Council, and 
 the board appointed Isaac Taylor, John Taylor, John Cart- 
 ledge, Ezekiel Ilarland, Thomas Moore, Joseph Cloud, and 
 William Marsh to lay out said road. 
 
 In S. W. Pennypacker's " Phoenixville and Vicinity" is 
 the following account of early roads : 
 
 " An early road entered the township at the French Creek bridge, 
 and pursued a. eoutheasterly course until it reached the trail.* It 
 remained the only thoroughfare in that direction until a jury in 17.35 
 opened a road on a line between the properties of Coates and Starr. 
 From the active participation of Samuel Nutt in obtaining and locat- 
 ing this road, it received, and has since borne, his name. 
 
 "The road leading from the village of Churlettown to the Fountain 
 inn and Starr's Ford was opened in August, 1731, and at one time 
 was called the 'Egypt road,' because it connected two settlements, 
 one in Chester County and the other in Philadelphia County, re- 
 spectively honored with the suggestive names of Upper and Lower 
 Egypt. 
 
 "The White Horse road, southward from the Long Ford, in the 
 direction of Cedar Hollow, was laid out in the early days of the set- 
 tlement, to accommodate the residents of the valley on their way to 
 the Schuylkill fisheries. 
 
 " The road leading northward from Phoenixville to the Black Rock 
 bridge was opened about the year 1730." 
 
 Pursuant to an act of Assembly for repairing highways, 
 John Morton, John Hannum, Jonas Preston, Joseph Pen- 
 nock, Jr., John GrifiSth, and Thomas Pirn met, Feb. 25, 
 1762, and divided the county into 51 districts, — that is, 
 each township to be one district as they now stand bounded 
 on record. 
 
 In the following, taken from the Jeffersonian, Ziba 
 Darlington, Esq., not only corrects some popular delusions 
 
 » The trail referred to extended from the Indian village, near the 
 mouth of Pickering Creek, via. the Corner Stores, the Morris Estate, 
 and the Yellow Springs, to a large and permanent settlement called 
 Indiantown. In the other direction it passed over Green Hill, and 
 reached the Schuylkill at the old fording-place, near Pcrkiomen 
 Junction. From there a trail followed the stream to Valley Forge, 
 and continued to Philadelphia. 
 
 45 
 
 in regard to the Street road, but furnishes some valuable 
 historical landmarks : 
 
 "William Penn laid out a public road in Marlborough township, 
 Chester County, and named it ' Marlborough Street.' It ran nearly, if 
 not quite, straight its whole distance, it stretch of some five miles, 
 beginning in the Pennsbury line, east of the present Red Lion tav- 
 ern, and ending at Marlborough Friends' meoting-house premises. 
 
 "The highway from the end of Market Street, Philadelphia, was 
 laid out in sections as settlements extended wcstwardly in the colony. 
 It was not known as the Street road. Long after these old colonial 
 times and mnys, in 1815, the Legislature of Pennsylvania authorized 
 a State road to be laid out from Market Street bridge, Philadelphia, 
 to McCall's Ferry, on the Susquehanna River. Governor Snyder 
 appointed John Thompson, of Delaware County, Edward Darling- 
 ton, of Chester County, and Samuel Ankrim, of Lancaster County, 
 the commissioners for such purpose. They, with their corps of target- 
 bearer, chain-carriers, axe-men, and assistants, began the work at 
 Market Street bridge, but made no change in the existing road thence 
 to Marlborough Friends' meeting-house. From thence to McCall's 
 Ferry the road laid out was pretty much a new one. Burr, a noted 
 bridge-builder, had got the heavy timbers for the bridge at McCall's 
 Ferry ready, and during the winter of 1815 moved them on the ice to 
 their position. The floor was not laid when the commissioners arrived 
 there, and the target-bearer recollects walking out on the timbers 
 over the Susquehanna River. The commissioners would have cut off 
 an angle in the road at the Marlborough meeting premises had it not 
 been for an old burial-ground; so the right angle turn there yet 
 remains. 
 
 " From Market Street bridge to McCall's Ferry the people along 
 the route flocked to welcome the commissioners and their assistants. 
 They invited them home, and would hear of no pay. The White 
 Horse tavern was opened in 1815, and its owner was alike kind and 
 generous. The party made his house their headquarters for two or 
 three days. 
 
 " The Street road is a name now applied to the highway from Mar- 
 ket Street bridge to McCall's Ferry, and got it from the old 'Marl- 
 borough Street' of Penn." 
 
 The above survey was made in 1815, John Thompson 
 acting as surveyor, and Ziba Darlington, of Chester County, 
 then a young man of twenty-seven years, as target-bearer. 
 Other early public roads will be briefly referred to : 
 At a very early period a public road, familiarly known 
 as the " Old Lancaster" or " Provincial" road, was laid out 
 from Philadelphia to Lancaster. It passed (in Chester 
 County) the present Eagle Station on the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad, Paoli, Admiral Warren, White Horse, Moore's 
 Mill (Downingtown), Ship (now Dr. Eshleman's), Cain 
 Friends' Meeting, Wagon (now Wagontown), and Mariner's 
 Compass. A part of the bed of this road is occupied by 
 the Lancaster turnpike, but the greater portion of it is 
 still used as an ordinary public road. The " Swede's Ford 
 Road" ran from a fording over the Schuylkill just Below 
 Norristown westward, and joined the Old Lancaster road 
 in East Whiteland township, near the present residence of 
 Joseph A Malin. The road known as the " Boot road" 
 ran from the ferry, at Philadelphia, by way of the " Boot 
 tavern," in Goshen, to Moore's mill (Downingtown). 
 The Great Chester road, running north from Chester, in- 
 tersected this road at the " Boot," and is said to have been 
 laid on an old Indian trail. A road ran from ISIoore's 
 mill westward, being a continuation of the Boot road, 
 crossing the west branch of Brandywine near Coatesville, 
 and Buck Run at Pomeroy, and leaving the valley at the 
 farm late of Cyrus Cooper, and running north of the val- 
 ley t?the " Gap." The " Strasburg road" was laid out at 
 different times, and, as at present used, in its entirety, it 
 
854 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 dates from 1794. It existed, however, as a highway, vary- 
 ing from its present course in places, long before that 
 year. Part of the original road is what is now known as 
 the " Goshen Street," forming the northern line of the 
 borough of West Chester, uniting in its westward course 
 with the present Strasburg road at the foot of the Black 
 Horse Hill, in East Bradford, and passing eastwardly by 
 the residence of William P. Marshall and Fern Hill Station 
 on the old West Chester Railroad. That portion of this 
 road between High Street, West Chester, and its western 
 junction with the Strasburg road has been closed. The 
 j'oad from Wilmington to Reading, passing througli West 
 Chester, has existed from a very early period. A road 
 ran from Downingtown, by way of Waynesburg, to the 
 Conestoga settlements. The " Horseshoe turnpike" runs 
 on the line of this last-mentioned road, and in places occu- 
 pies its bed. The road liom Philadelphia, by way of Con- 
 cord, Chads' Ford, Hamorton, Kennet Square, and New 
 London, to Baltimore is an early road, and was long a lead- 
 ing stage-route between Philadelphia and the South. A 
 road led from Wilmington, by way of Hamorton, Unionville, 
 Doe Run, Ercildoun, Humphreyville, and Sadsburyville, to 
 the Pequea Valley. Another road intersected this at 
 Humphreyville, and led past Upper Octorara church and the 
 old Black Horse tavern northward. The " Gap and Newport 
 road" led from the " Gap," in Lancaster County, to New- 
 port, in the State of Delaware, and was long a leading road 
 from Lancaster to Wilmington. Parts of this old road are 
 still in use. A road ran from West Chester in a southwest 
 direction, crossing the Brandywine at Jefferis' Ford, known 
 as the " Oil-Mill road," from an oil-mill which stood on 
 the farm now of Edwin James. This road was superseded 
 by a State road, laid out in 1830 from New Hope, on the 
 Delaware River, through Doylestown, Norristown, West 
 Chester, Unionville, White Horse, and Oxford, to the 
 Maryland line, in a direction towards Baltimore. The 
 " Limestone road," in the western part of the county, was 
 an old Indian trail, and is believed never to have been laid 
 out. In 1809 a road was authorized by act of Assembly 
 from John G. Parke's (now Parkesburg) to McCall's Ferry 
 on the Susquehanna. This road runs along the " Great 
 Valley," and is known as the Valley or McCall's Ferry 
 road. 
 
 The foregoing are some of the early leading public roads, 
 many of which are still in use. There are others, to which 
 reference would be made, but want of space forbids. 
 
 The days of staging and post-chaises is brought to mind 
 by the following of the date of April 18, 1776 : 
 
 "The New Holland and Ephrata Post will set off, beginning Apr 
 24, Inst, from the house of Joseph Vandegriff, Cross Keys, ,Sd & 
 Chestnut St Phila. every AVcdnesday morning at 10 o'clock and de- 
 liver Newspapers and Letters on that day 
 
 "At the Gulph Tavern, at the sign of the King of Prussia, at the 
 Valley Forge, at the Bull Tavern, at Mr Jonathan Coates's in Charles- 
 town Township, at Mr George Christman's in Pikeland, at Mr Hubert 
 Ralston's and at Mr. David Thomas's in Vincent Township. Letters 
 delivered for 4 Pence each, — small errands performed for six pence 
 each J horses taken up and down." 
 
 THE FIRST TUENPIKE IN AMERICA 
 was built through Chester County. The " PliiladclphTa and 
 Lancaster Turnpike Road Company" was chartered April 
 
 9, 1792. The road was immediately commenced,, and was 
 completed in 1794, at a cost of $465,000, or about $7516 
 per mile. It was formed of three highways between the 
 terminal points, the King's highway, of Lancaster County, 
 being extended thirty-two miles to join the two lower sec- 
 tions, which were previously laid out. It was opened to . 
 travel in 1795, and at once became a leading thoroughfare 
 between Philadelphia and the West. The travel and trans- 
 portation of merchandise upon it for many years was enor- 
 mous. It was lined with public-houses, averaging, in some 
 parts of its course through Chester County, one for every 
 mile. At night the yards of these taverns would be filled 
 with teams, the horses standing on each side of the tongue, 
 on which a trough was placed. The teamsters carried their 
 beds with them, and a't night spread them on the bar-room 
 floors, or in rooms appropriated for that purpose. Some of 
 these public-houses were known as stage-taverns, and others 
 as wagon-taverns, the stage-taverns being generally some- 
 what more pretentious than the others. It may be observed 
 of these public-houses that they were, as a rule, remarkably 
 well kept, and had a good class of landlords, generally the 
 owners. 
 
 When the Pennsylvania Railroad went into operation it 
 took the travel and transportation of merchandise from the 
 turnpike, and as a consequence the income from tolls fell off 
 rapidly, and the glory of the numerous hostelries waned 
 year after year, until now the traveler, on some portions of 
 the road, passes over many weary miles without seeing a 
 sign inviting him to rest. 
 
 Other early turnpikes were the " Downingtown, Ephrata 
 and Harrisbnrg,'' popularly known as the " Horseshoe 
 pike" (chartered March 24, 1803), the "Gap and New- 
 port," taking largely the place of the old " Gap and New- 
 port road" (incorporated April 7, 1807), and the "Little 
 Conestoga'' (chartered March 16, 1809), running from the 
 Philadelphia and Lancaster turnpike, near the Warren 
 tavern, to a point in Berks County where the Reading 
 road intersected the Morgantowo road. 
 
 The " Philadelphia, Brandywine and New London Turn- 
 pike Company" was chartered March 24, 1808, but was 
 never built. In 1811 a survey was made for a turnpike 
 from the Philadelphia and Lancaster turnpike, at or near 
 the twenty-sixth milestone, through West Chester, to Wil- 
 mington, and laws were obtained in Pennsylvania and Del- 
 aware authorizing the work ; but the Delaware people re- 
 fused to make common stock of the entire road, and the 
 Pennsylvanians abandoned the project. The Delawareans 
 then constructed the turnpike from Wilmington to the 
 State line, a distance of about six miles, in the direction of 
 West Chester. The "West Chester and Wilmington 
 Plank-Road Company" was organized in 1854, and a plank- 
 road constructed from West Chester to Dilworthtown. In 
 1858 it was changed from a plank-road to a macadamized 
 road. 
 
 BRIDGES. 
 On the 2d of 12th month, 1685, it was 
 
 "ordered, that upon the return of the Grand Jury, AlbertuB Hen- 
 rickson supervisor of the highways belonging to Chester, do forth- 
 with erect a home bridge in such place as the Grand Jury have already 
 laid it out." 
 
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 355 
 
 It was further 
 
 "ordered, thnt upon the same return, Bartholomew Coppock super- 
 visor of the Highways for Croomo (Crum) Creek, do forthwith erect 
 a bridge in the Kings' road over said Croome Creek.*' 
 
 In 1686 " the township of Chester was presented for 
 not findinj; and making a foot-brid<;e over the Mill Creek, 
 in the King's highway, hard by William Wooduianson's." 
 
 In the next year 
 
 "the Grand Inquest presented the want of three convenient horse 
 bridges on the King's High road : — One over Chester Creek — one 
 over Ridley Creek — ^and ono over Croome Creek. 
 
 "Ordered, that forthwith bridges be erected over Ridley Creeke 
 and Croomo Creeke, and a horse bridge over Chester Creek, near 
 Chester Mill, upon the lower side of the dam." 
 
 Previous to the year 1707 all bridges were erected and 
 maintained at the expense of the townships. In that year 
 the court made the following order, directing that certain 
 bridges' should be a charge upon the county. This is the 
 first instance on the records of a county bridge : 
 
 " Feb. 25, 1707, upon the petition of the inhabitants of the town 
 and county of Chester, and consented to and agreed to be allowed by 
 the Grand Inquest of this county, representing that the bridge at 
 Chester over the creek, and one bridge built over Ridley creek, and 
 also a bridge to be built at Crum creek, at the Rock in the Queen's 
 road, and that all roads leading to and from the same, shnll be erected, 
 repaired and maintained at the Publick charge of the county of 
 Chester, and it is by the Court considered, that the same shall be and 
 remain upon the county's charge for ever hereafter." 
 
 A chain-bridge across the Schuylkill, at Pawling, about 
 four hundred yards below the site of an old ford, was built 
 by an incorporated company in the last century, and was 
 constantly used until 1819 ; in the winter of 1820-21 the 
 centre of it gave way. It was replaced by an arched bridge 
 with stone abutments, but it was subsequently destroyed by 
 a severe storm, and was succeeded by the present structure. 
 
 We give herewith an account of the present existing 
 bridges of the county, many of which were built before the 
 Revolutionary war. Owing to the meagre minutes kept by 
 the commissioners up to half a century ago, it is impossi- 
 ble in some cases to give the date of construction. The 
 following are those whose date of erection is unknown : 
 
 Meconkey'a, formerly Jefferis', crosses the east branch of the Brandy- 
 wine, in East Bradford township, on the State road from West Chester 
 to Unionville. 
 
 WuHh'a, crosses the Ootorara, in Lower Oxford township, on road 
 from Mount Vernon to Union Meeting-house. 
 
 Old Lancaster Road, over the west branch of Brandywine, on the 
 line of West Brandywine and West Cain townships, near the Brandy- 
 wine inn ; rebuilt some years ago. 
 
 Kirk's, over the Octorara Creek, in West Nottingham, on road 
 leading from Kirk's mill to 0.\ford. 
 
 Mllford, crosses east branch of Brandywine at Milford, in Upper 
 Uwchlan township. 
 
 Ckeste,- Springs, crosses Pickering Creek, in West Pikeland town- 
 ship ; was rebuilt in 1861. 
 
 Paghtown, crosses French Creek at Pughtown, in South Coventry 
 township ; a stone-arch bridge. 
 
 Embreemlle (formerly Hoopes'), in Newlin township, over the west 
 branch of the Brandywine. 
 
 Baldwin's, a flood-bridge across Valley Creek, at Baldwin's factory, 
 on road from Downingtown to the Grove. 
 
 Hatfield's, an old covered bridge over the west branch of the 
 Brandywine, at Hatfield's rolling-mill, on road from Brandywine 
 Manor to Wagontown. ' 
 
 Valley Forge (stone bridge), crosses Valley Creek at Valley Forge, 
 on line of Montgomery County. A portion, washed away by freahet 
 in 1865, was rebuilt; wooden superstructure. 
 
 Taylor's Jliin (stone), on Strasburg road, in East Bradford town- 
 ship, near Black Horse inn. Probiibly built about same time as Cope's 
 bridge, a mile to the westward. 
 
 Jiapp's, spans Pickering Creek, in East Whiteland, on road leading 
 from Corner Stores to Valley Store. 
 
 Pocopsoii, across creek of same name, in Pennshury township, near 
 Denton's factory. 
 
 Steelmlle, over the Octorara, near Stoeleville, on line of Lancaster 
 County ; covered bridge. 
 
 Chads' Ford, crosses the Brandywine at Chads' Ford. 
 Moorehall (stone), over the Pickering Creek, at the breast of Mooro- 
 holl dam, on the road from Phosnixville to Valley Forge. 
 
 Ptniileinton's, crosses west branch of Red Clay Creek, in Kennct 
 township, on State rond, near Plankinton's ; renewed in 1867. 
 
 Stone, or Milter's, crosses east branch of White Cluy Creek, in Lon- 
 dongrove township, on road from Gap and Newport turnpike to Avon- 
 dale. 
 
 liichardsoWs, spans Big Elk Creek, on road from Lowisville to New 
 London. 
 
 John Nevin's, over west branch of White Clay Creek, on road from 
 Kimbleville toNevin's quarries, in London Britain township. 
 
 Pennoek's Ford, a flood-bridge over the middle branch of White 
 Clay Creek, in Franklin township, on road from Avondale to Elk ; 
 rebuilt in 1860. 
 
 Tower's Ford, crosses the Schuylkill Canal at Michael Tower's house, 
 in East Vincent township. 
 
 Milltowii (stone), over Chester Creek, in East Goshen township, 
 on the West Chester road ; built about beginning of the present cen- 
 tury. 
 
 Bull Road, a covered structure over French Creek, in Schuylkill 
 township, on Bull Road. 
 
 Mount Rodnj, over Little Elk Creek, in Elk township, on road from 
 Mount Rocky to New London. 
 
 Garrett's Paper-Mill, over Ridley Creek, in Willistown township, 
 on road from West Chester to Sugartown. 
 
 In the following list of existing bridges in Chester 
 County, the date of erection, cost of construction, and 
 location arc given : 
 
 J)owmiig's,'bam in 1741, over Downing's mill-race (now Downing- 
 town), where the Provincial road crossed the race, in East Cain town- 
 ship j cost £:15. 
 
 Crum Creek, in Willistown township, and repaired in 1769 for £55. 
 
 Another Crum Creek bridge was built in Willistown township in 
 1771; cost £245. 
 
 ■ French Greek (Anthony Wayne, Robert Pennell, and Joshua Evans, 
 i„ committee in 1770 to view this proposed bridge, reiiorted in favor 
 of a stone structure of two arches), erected in 1771, in Charlostown 
 township; cost £660 ; repaired in 1796. 
 
 Brandywine, built in 1772, over the west branch of the Brandywine, 
 near the sign of the "Wagon;" cost £250. 
 
 Marshall's, built in 1795, over the west branch of the Brandywine, 
 on the road leading from Marshallton to the State road. 
 
 Keener's, in 1796, at James Keener's mill, in West Cain. 
 
 Pickering, in Charlestown township, was repaired in 1796. 
 
 Stephenson's, supposed to have been built about 1800, crosses Trout 
 Bun, on road from Valley Forge to King of Prussia, in Tredyffrin 
 
 township. 
 
 Elk, built in 1802, over Big Elk Creek, in New London township, 
 on the Nottingham road ; cost $650. 
 
 Pigeon Creek (stone), built in 1803, in East Coventry township, on 
 road from Reading to Philadelphia. 
 
 Cope's (long stone bridge of three arches), built about 1 807, at cost 
 of $26,597. It crosses the east branch of the Brandywine, on the 
 Strasburg road, in East Bradford township. 
 
 Kelly's Mill, built in 1813, over Elk Creek, near Benjamin Kelly's 
 
 mill. 
 
 Charlestown, built in 1814, over Pickering Creek, at Charlestown 
 
 village, near the " Bull Inn ;" cost $5000. 
 
 Andrems' (stone), erected in 1814, over Ootorara Creek, in Upper 
 Oxford township, on Lancaster and Newport road ; four arches, and 
 439 feet in length. 
 
 Garrett's (stone), built in 1818, on West Chester and Philadelphia 
 road, iu Willistown township. 
 
356 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUxXTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Knauertomn (Hone), in 1819, over French Creek, on Phoenixville 
 and Morgantown road ; 432 feet long. 
 
 Moorettumi (suppofed built in 1819), over east bninch of the Bran- 
 dywine, near Moorestown Station, in Wallace township. 
 
 Mortonville (stone), erected about 1826, over the west branch of 
 the Brandywine, in East Fallowiield township. 
 
 M'Cleniich art's, built about 1829, over Big Ells Creek, in Upper Ox- 
 ford township, on road from Jennerville to Kussellville, 
 
 Ghns/man's, erected in 1834, over French Creek, at Christman's 
 mill, in East Vincent township; cost $1828. 
 
 Seed'n, in 1834, over west branch of Brandywine, on road from 
 West Chester to Unionville; 270 feet long ; cost .$5000. 
 
 Wilson's, \r\ 1835, crosses French Creek, in East Vincent township, on 
 road leading from Pughtown to Kimberton. 
 
 Beaver Greek, about 1835, near Edge's mill, in Cain township, on 
 road leading from Edge's mill to Ilarritburg turnpike; cost $1600. 
 Ilatjiehrs Upper, built about the year 1837, 
 
 Ciimitryville, in 1837, crosses French Creek at Coventryville, in 
 South Coventry township; cost $1050. 
 
 Dorian's, in 1842, over the east branch of the Brandywine, on the 
 line between East Brandywine and Uwchlan township; cost $1245. 
 
 Richnrdson's, in 1843, over Big Elk Creek, on line of New London 
 township. 
 
 Street Hood, in 1845, crosses west branch of Chester Creek, on Street 
 road, on line of Westtown township. 
 
 Pine Grove Jlolliii(/-Mill, in 1846, over Octorara Creek, on road 
 from Philadelphia to Baltimore, on line of Lancaster County ; cost 
 $3450. 
 
 Phoeni'xville, in 1S47, over French Creek at Main Street, in Phoenix- 
 ville; stone, 362 feet long. 
 
 Cornofi's, built in 1849, in Wallace township, over east branch 
 of Brandywine, on road from Cornog's Station to Buttertown; cost 
 $1473.50. 
 
 Lee's (formerly Carter's Ford bridge), built in 1849, crosses the Oc- 
 torara Creek, in West Nottingham township, on road leading from 
 New Texas to Rising Sun, Md., on line of Lancaster County; cost 
 $1793. 
 
 Vandever's Mill, in 1849, crosses Buck Run Creek at Vandever'a 
 mill, in Bast Fallowtield township. 
 
 Elidnle, in 1850, over the east branch of Big Elk Creek, near 
 Wilson's mill, in East Nottingham township, on road Jeading from 
 Oxford to New London, on line of New Li.ndon township. 
 
 Jiach Run, in 1850, crosses French Creek at the mouth of Birch 
 Run, in East Vincent township, on line of West Vincent township ; 
 cost, $1564. 
 
 Sngnr's, in 1850, spans the cast branch of the Brandywine at the 
 old ford of that name, on the road between Downingtown and West 
 Chester; cost $2080. 
 
 Hutcliiuson's, in 1850, crosses the west branch of Big Elk Creek, 
 in East Nottingham township, near Hutchinson's paper-jnill, on the 
 road leading from Hilaman's inn to Elk Bale. 
 
 Bell's Fnrd, or Hodgson's Ford bridge, in 1850, crosses the Octorara 
 Creek, in Upper Oxford township, on road leading from Philadelphia 
 to MoCall's Ferry, on line of Lancaster County; rebuilt by Robert 
 Russell in 1861 for $1739. 
 
 Lawreiicevilte, in 1851, over the canal at Lawrenceville, in East 
 Coventry township ; cost $1234.^' 
 
 Sharpless, in 1851, spans White Clay Creek near Yeatman's mill, 
 in London Britain township, on road leading from Kimbleville to 
 Wilmington. 
 
 Taylor's, built in 1852, spans the east branch of Red Clay Creek 
 near Taylor's mill, in Kennet township, leading from Kennet borough 
 to Wilmington. 
 
 Pennypaclrer'a, in 1852, crosses Stony Run near Nathan Pcnnypaok- 
 er's, in East Pikeland township, on road leading from Springville to 
 Phoenixville. 
 
 Honpes', in 1852, at Hoopes' Ford, on the line between East Cain 
 and West Bradford. 
 
 Osmond's, crosses White Clay Creek near Osmond's factory, in Lon- 
 don Britain township, on the road leading from Yealman's mill to D. 
 B. Kevin's quarries. The old bridge having been washed away, the 
 present one was erected on the site in 1852. 
 
 » In 1874, being pronounced unsafe. King Iron Bridge Company 
 built a new one at a cost of $3300. 
 
 Harvey's, in 1853, over the west branch of the Brandywine at Har- 
 vey's Ford, on road leading from Doe Run to Romansville, in Newlin 
 township ; contract price $1390. 
 
 Mode's, in 1853, over the west branch of the Brandywine, near 
 Mode's mills, in East Fallowfield township, on the road leading from 
 McWilliamstown to the Lancaster turnpike; cost $1040. 
 
 Pickering Creek, in 1853, crosses said stream near Samuel Davis', In 
 CharleStown township, on the State road from West Chester to Phoe- 
 nixville ; contract price $1339. 
 
 Mac/,-ey's Milt, in 1853, spans the Big Elk at Maekey's mill, in 
 Franklin township, on the road leading from Lewisville to Strick- 
 ersville. 
 
 Gliarlestnwn, built in 1853, over Pickering Creek, on road from 
 Charlestown to Phoenixville; blown down Nov. 6, 1880. In 1881 an 
 iron one was built for $2200. 
 
 Heed's, built in 1854, over Indian Run, in Wallace township, on road 
 from Moorestown to Springton Forge. 
 
 Waterloo Mills, built in 1854, in Easttown township, over Darby 
 Creek; rebuilt in 1869. 
 
 Ei-inton's, in 1,854, over the Brandywine, on the road leading from 
 Kennet Square to West Chester; cost $3060. 
 
 Ueiff's, in 1855, crosses the Schuylkill Canal opposite Reiff's Ford 
 bridge, in East Vincent township; cost $1900. 
 
 McDonald's, in 1855, over Big Elk, in East Nottingham township, 
 near Charles K. MoDon Id's saw-mill, on the road leading from Ox- 
 ford to New London ; contract price, $1028. 
 
 Tnstin's, in 1855, crosses Pickering Creek near Joseph Tustiu'e", in 
 West Pikeland- township, on road leading from Chester Springs to 
 Pikeland church; cost $1604. 
 
 Nirin's, in 1855, over east branch of White Clay Creek, in London 
 Britain township, on road leading from Kimbleville to Wilmington. 
 Wivkershams, in 1855, over the west branch of White Clay Creek, 
 near Wickersham's mill, in Londongrove township, on road leading 
 from New London to New G-arden. 
 
 McDowell's, in 1855, crosses Big Elk Creek at McDowell's mill, in 
 Upper Oxford township, on road leading from Penn Station to Ox- 
 ford, on line of Penn township. 
 
 Soger's (formerly called " Wistar's"), over the Brandywine, is the 
 site of an old bridge built many years ago, and replaced by the pres- 
 ent structure in 1856 ; it is on the road from We.-^t Chester to Parker- 
 ville; rebuilding cost S1900. 
 
 Kennedy's, in 1866, over French Creek, near A. Kennedy's, in Eapt 
 Vincent township, on road leading from Ridge road to Kimberton; 
 cost $2149. 
 
 Pyle's Ford, in 1856, crosses the Brandywine, in Pennsbury town- 
 ship, on road leading from Pyle's mill to Chads' Ford, on line be- 
 tween Chester and Delaware Counties; cost $13,600. It has a span 
 of 320 feet. 
 
 Dmton's, in 1857, crosses the west branch of Brandywine at Hus- 
 ton's rolling-mill, in Valley township. 
 
 Scans' in 1857, crosses Muddy Run, in Upper Oxford township, on 
 road leading from Lancaster to Newport, near what is known as 
 Evans' mill; contract price $1461. A stone-arch bridge was built 
 over the race at west end of the bridge in 1870. 
 
 Painter's, in 1857, 'at the ford of the same name over Brandywine, 
 on the line of Birmingham and Pocopson townships; cost $4250. 
 
 Valley Forge Dam, in 1857, crosses East Valley Creek at the head 
 of Valley Forgo dam, on road leading from Swede's Ford road to 
 Valley Forge, in Tredyffrin township. In 1865 it was washed away 
 by a freshet, and the present bridge built for $1179. 
 
 Milford, in 1857, crosses March Creek, in Upper Uwchlan township, 
 on road. from Eagle to Brooklyn Station ; contract price, $2050. 
 
 Aslibridgeroad, built in 1858, in Willistown township, over Ridley 
 Creek, on line of Delaware County. 
 
 Uoheiis' Ford, built in 1858 over Crum Creek, in Willistown town- 
 ship, on road from White Horse to Entriken's mill. In 1859 a new 
 superstructure, by Mosely Iron Company, was put up at cost of $977.50. 
 Marshall's, ia 1858, over Red Clay Creek, near Marshall's mill, in 
 Kennet township, on road leading from New Garden to Wilmington. 
 Rebuilt in 1861; cost $1097. 
 
 Grosstown Ford, spans the canal, in North Coventry township, at 
 Grosstown Ford ; cost $1008. 
 
 Davix', in 1869, crosses a branch of East Valley Creek, near William 
 W. Davis', in Tredyffiin township, on road leading to and not far 
 from Worrall's mill. 
 
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 357 
 
 Hkhman^s Fovd, in 1859, oropses Chefter Creek, on road leading 
 from Chcyney's shops to Dilworthtiiwn, in Tliornbury township. 
 Jordan, in 1869, crosses Jordan Creek near Sidwell'a Ford. 
 Slubhe', in 1860, crosses Northeast Crook at Stubbs' mill, in Bast 
 Nottingham town-ihip, on road from Nottingham Station to Hilaman's 
 inn; an iron bridge; contract price $800. 
 
 McGiearij'a mill, in 1860, over Irwin's Run, near MoCrenry's mill, in 
 Lower Oxford township, on road leading from Hayesville to Twad- 
 dle's inn; an iron structure; price $800. 
 
 iS*«io'«, in 1862, over the east branch of the Brandy wine, at the 
 point formerly known as Biinton's Ford, on tlie road from West Ches- 
 ter to TInionville; cost $2130. 
 
 Moiiut Ventmi, in 1865, over Octorara at Burton's Ford, in Lower 
 Oxford township, on road leading from Oxford to Lancaster, on line 
 of Lancaster County ; contract price $2650. 
 
 Dennif'Sf in 1866, spans Marsh Creek, in Upper Uwchlan townsiiip. 
 
 Siiydcr'Sf in 1866, crosses French Creek, in East Pikeland township, 
 on road leading from Kiraberton to Ridge road ; cost $3595,50. 
 
 Twaddle's, in 18G6, over Allen's Run, on the road leading from 
 Twaddle's inn to Pine Grove Rolling-mill, in Lower Oxford township. 
 
 Baitram'a, built in 1866, over Crum Creek, in Willistown township, 
 on road from White Horse to Newtown Square; cost $1133. 
 
 Sinclair's, in 1867, at Sinclair's Ford on Red Clay Creek, in Kennet 
 township, on road leading from New Garden to Kennet Square. 
 
 Cupola Station, in 1867, crosses the east branch of the Brimdywine 
 near Cupola Station, on the township line road between Honeybrook 
 and West Nantmeal townships; wrought-iron bridge, made by the 
 Phoenix Iron Company. 
 
 Woirnll's Mill, in 1867, over East Valley Creek, in Tredyffrin town- 
 ship ; cost $1361. 
 
 Doioliit's Ford, in 1867, crosses the east branch of Brandywine at 
 Dowlin's Forge, in Uwchlan township, on line of East Brandywine 
 township. 
 
 SiraioliriHge'a, in 1868, crosses Big Elk Creek at Strawbridge's Ford, 
 in Upper Oxford township, on road leading from Jennervillo to Oxfcd. 
 
 Mmiey's Ford, in 1868, crosses the west branch of Elk Creek at 
 Massey's Ford, in Lower Oxford township, on road leading from Oxford 
 to Avondale. 
 
 Hock, over the west branch of the Brandywine, in Newlin town- 
 ship, at a point known as the Rock, on the road leading from Mar- 
 shallton to Unionville; an iron structure; length, 185 feet; cost 
 $7017.50. 
 
 Parker's, in 1869, over the west branch of Bran lywine, at Parker's 
 Ford bridge, in West Brandywine township, on the road from Wagon- 
 town to Compassville. 
 
 Ketmtt Boromjh, in 1869, spans Red Clay Creek, in Kennet bor- 
 ough, on State road leading from Philadelphia to Baltimore; iron 
 bridge; cost $1432.15. 
 
 Gibson's Ford, in 1870, at Gibson's Ford, on the east branch of 
 the Brandywine. 
 
 Phceuixville, in 1870 ; iron, by the Phoenixville Iron Company ; cost 
 $7023. 
 
 Young's Ford, built in 1870, crosses the west branch of the Bran- 
 dywine, on the road leading from Coatesville to McWilliamstown ; 
 wrought-iron arch bridge; cost $5151. 
 
 North Bend, in 1870, crosses west branch of Brandywine above 
 Coa'esville; wrought-iron bridge; length, 178 feet; cost $10,646. 
 
 Mokelnj, a covered bridge over Buck Run, from Ercildoun to Doe 
 Run, on line of West Marlborough township. In 1874, being con-^ 
 sidered unsafe, a new iron one, called Broomell's Paper-Mill bridge, 
 was built; cost $1997. 
 
 Litjiietfs Mill, built in 1876, over west branch of Brandywine, on 
 line of West Cain and West Brandywine townships; cost $2546. 
 
 Coatesville, built in 1877, on Main Street; cost $3569. 
 
 Satjer's Mill, built in 1877, over east branch of Big Elk Creek, in 
 Lower Oxford township; an iron bridge; cost $1495. 
 
 Ackland's Mill, built in 1877, in Wallace township ; cost $2555.04. 
 
 Saylor's Mill, built in 1879, over Pigeon Creek, in East Coventry 
 township. In 1880, injured by a flood, and rebuilt at a cost of $1222. 
 
 Bnck Bun, built in 1880, over Buck Run, in Newlin township ; cost 
 $1814. 
 
 £:ik Creek, built in 1880, at Rudolph & Arthur's paper-mill, on line 
 of New London and Elk townships ; cost $2334. 
 
 Mercer's Ford, built in 1880, over Octorara Creek, on line of Lan- 
 caster County; cost $1700. 
 
 PERETES. 
 The crossing of the Brandywine Creelt at Chads' Ford 
 was frequently interrupted by high water and iee, and the 
 settlements had become so numerous west of that stream 
 that the establishment of a ferry became necessary. Ac- 
 cordingly, in the year 1737, John Chads, who owned land 
 and kept a tavern there, entered into an agreement with the 
 county commissioners, by which, with moneys loaned him 
 by the county, he procured the necessary boats and took 
 charge of the ferry. He soon after applied to the court 
 to fix rates of ferriage. His application was as follows: 
 
 "To the Honourable the Justices of the Court of Quarter Sessions 
 held and kept at Chester for the County of Chester the 30th day of 
 August, 1737. The Petition of John Chads of Brumingham Town- 
 ship in the s*^ County Humbly Shewcth. 
 
 '* That your Petiiioncr with your Concurrence and by order of the 
 Commissioners and As.-essorS of the said County (who thought it 
 necessary that a iferry t'hould be Erected :ind Established over Brandy- 
 wine Creek on the Road from Philadelphia to Nottingham) has pro- 
 vided a good and Sufficient tferry Boat for the Accomodation of Travel- 
 lers and others passing and Repassing that way. And has agreed with 
 the said Comissioners and Assessors to keep the said Boat in repair 
 and such good & Sufficient hands to Attend the same as shall from 
 time to time be needfull for the Carriage of all persons Cattle, Ilorsts 
 and Goods which on the Road aforesaid are to be Carried Over the 
 said Creek And also to take such Rates and prices for ferriage as 
 your Honours shall from time to time in Court Limitt & appoint. 
 
 "And fTorasmuch as your Petitioner has since he Erected the said 
 Boat Carryed Sundry Travellers & others over the said Creek and for 
 want of a settled Table of ffecs has been Obliged to take such sums 
 for his ffare as they were pleased to bestow upon him, which many 
 Times fell short of a reasonable fierriage. 
 
 " Therefore he Humbly prnys that you be pleased to settle and ap- 
 point what ffees he shall take and Receive for the Carrying of Passen- 
 gers, Carriages, Cattle, Horses, Hogs and Sheep over the said Creek 
 at the place afores"!. And your petitioner fiom the Experience ho 
 has already had of the over flowing of the s"^ Creek and of the fferry- 
 ing people over the same has put down in the annexed Schedule the 
 rates and Prices he Conceives may be reasonably allowed him For 
 fferriage — which he most humbly offers to your prudent Considera- 
 tion. 
 
 "John Chads." 
 
 " We whose names are Subscribed do Certify the Justices within 
 mentioned that we having seen the within Petitioners fferry Boat are 
 of Opinion that the same will answer the Good end thereby designed 
 and that from our Particular knowledge of the said Creek and of the 
 Overflowing a;nd Rapidity of the same We Conceive that the Severall 
 Rates or prices put down in the Schedule hereunto annexed for {ferri- 
 age over the Creek afs'i are Reasonable and nearly in proportion to 
 the ffare of the fferrys already Established in this Province. Where- 
 fore we desire that you may approve of and Confirm the same." 
 
 The court granted the prayer of the petitioner, and in a 
 document dated Aug. 30, 1737 (which is on file in the 
 office of the clerk of Quarter Sessions, at West Chester), 
 we find the rates established were : 
 
 Every horse and Rider, four pence. 
 
 Every single person on foot, three pence, if more, twp pence 
 
 each. 
 Every ox, cow or heifer, four pence each. 
 'For Every sheep, one penny. 
 
 Every Hog, three half pence. 
 
 Every Coach,' waggon or Cart, one shilling and six pence. 
 Every empty waggon or Cart nine pence. 
 Every steed four pence. 
 'To the aforesaid rates, the justices have subscribed their names. 
 " Richard Hayes, Abraham Bmmit, 
 
 John Crosby, Caleb Cowpland, 
 
 Henry Hayes, Blisha Gatchell, 
 
 Samuel Hollingsvvorth, Joseph Brinton, 
 
 " John Parry." 
 
358 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 In the minutes of the commissioners we find : 
 
 Jim. 2, 1740-1. — "It being Represented (o the Commissioners and 
 Assessors of Chester County that Forasmuch as the Ferry erected 
 over Brandywine Creek on the road Crom Concord to Maryland had 
 been of Considerable service to the Publick answerable to the good 
 end thereby Designed, But it appearing that the want of Wharffs 
 when the creek overflows its Banks renders Peoples landing very 
 difficult, And as Causways and Landing places had been heretofore 
 made and maintained at the Charge of the Publick It is therefore 
 Humbly conceived that the said Commissioners and Assessors would 
 bo pleased to Remove that Difficulty by Causing ye necessary wharfs 
 to be made for that purpose, 
 
 "The Commissioners and As.'cssors upon viewing Brandywine 
 Creek at the said Ferry hath Requested John Taylor & Edward Brin- 
 ton to take the premises into Consideration and Exhibit to them a 
 scheme for erecting the said Wharfs or Causways which they Judge 
 will best Accomodate Travellers and be of least Charge to the 
 County.'' 
 
 Mr. Chads maintained this ferry for several years, cer- 
 tainly after 1743, in which year (having been deprived of 
 his license to keep a public-house) he petitioned to be re- 
 leased " from the care and management of said boat and 
 appurtenances, and some other person appointed to act 
 therein in his stead." The court did not grant his request, 
 but two years later gave him the coveted tavern license. 
 He died in 1760, and possibly kept the ferry until that 
 time. The last mention of the ferry is in the minutes of 
 the county commissioners in 1772, when 
 
 " the consideration of rebuilding the flat for carrying persons over 
 the Brandywine coming before the board, they agree that it should be 
 done with all convenient speed, and appoint John Webster and Thomas 
 Taylor to procure the same as soon as they can, at the most reasonable 
 terms." 
 
 When the ferry ceased to be used is not known. 
 
 " People who approached Phoenixville from the north," 
 says S, W. Pennypacker, " prior to 1859, were brought 
 across the Schuylkill at Buckwalter's Ferry, where two 
 men pulled a low flat-boat backward and forward by means 
 of ropes stretched from shore to shore, but this slow and 
 tedious contrivance was that year superseded by the Black 
 Rock bridge." 
 
 NAVIGATION ON THE SCHUYLKILL. 
 
 The Schuylkill was noted, in the days of the early settle- 
 ment, for its extensive shad-fisheries, and the inhabitants 
 along its banks were engaged almost en masse in fishing. Fish- 
 ing-dams and " racks" were erected from shore to shore, 
 without regard to the obstruction of navigation ; and notwith- 
 standing a bill was passed in 172-t for " demolishing and 
 removing fishing-dams, wears, and kedles set across the river 
 Schuylkill," and a similar act in 1730, the enactments were 
 evaded. The archives of 1732 contain many depositions, 
 from among which the following are taken : 
 
 " Marcus Huling Saith That as he was going down the Schuyl- 
 kill with a Canoe Loaded with wheat, that striking on a fish dam, 
 she took in a great deal of water into ye wheat, by means whereof 
 his wheat was much damnified; . . . and that at another he Hi-n7ce 
 fast on a fish dam, and should have lost his whole Load of wheat if he 
 had not leaped into ye river." 
 
 " George Boone, John Boone, Joseph Boone, James Boone, Samuel 
 Boone Say, That they have been sundry times fast on ye ffish Dams 
 and Rack Dams, and to preserve the Loads of wheat have been forced 
 several times to leap into ye River, and have very narrowly Escaped 
 with their lives & Loads." 
 
 But the fishermen of Long Ford would not yield up the 
 privileges they had enjoyed for years without a struggle. 
 Their adversaries up the river, in 1738, organized a force of 
 volunteers and a fleet of canoes, under command of the mus- 
 cular Timothy Miller. On April •20th they proceeded to 
 Long Ford, where they tore up the racks and set them 
 adrift down stream. Fishermen who caught some of the 
 loosened racks and tried to carry them away were assailed, 
 and the racks taken from them and broken and cut into 
 pieces. The fishermen rallied witli reinforced numbers, and 
 in canoes made an attack upon Miller's squadron ; after a 
 desperate contest they disabled Miller and all his crew, cap- 
 turing the boat. Miller, with his thumb broken and com- 
 panions overboard, ordered a retreat, which soon became a 
 rout. They fled down the Schuylkill, and to escape their 
 pursuers entered the shallow Perkiomen, where their boats 
 got aground, the crews being compelled to seek the forests 
 for safety. The fishermen destroyed their boats and con- 
 tents, and thus ended " the only naval engagement ever, 
 fought upon the Schuylkill." 
 
 Most of the participants in this affair were Chester County 
 men. It caused considerable agitation in the colony, and 
 resulted in the termination of rack-fishing. Thenceforward 
 the boatmen had free course over the waters of the Schuyl- 
 kill, and its navigation soon assumed large proportions, in- 
 creasing from a few small canoes to a veritable fleet of boats, 
 capable of carrying each five hundred bushels of wheat. 
 In 1761 the Assembly appointed a board of commissioners 
 from among the residents along its banks for " clearing, 
 scouring," and making the river navigable for boats, flats, 
 rafts, canoes, etc. They made dams at various places to 
 deepen the water and increase the volume of the current. 
 Many of these " commissioners' dams" can still be seen, 
 among others that at Jacob's Ford, where the Phoenixville 
 bridge now stands. This system of improvement, though 
 simple, was not finished until about 1793. After 181G 
 the Schuylkill Navigation Company, being permitted by 
 their charter to enter the river, removed many obstruc- 
 tions, and much improved the channel for navigation. 
 
 CANALS. 
 
 The making of the Philadelphia and Lancaster turnpike 
 seems to have inspired the people along the Brandywiiie 
 with the idea that an easier and cheaper mode of transpor- 
 tation for their produce, and for that brought along the 
 road, to tidewater would be found in a canal-and-lock 
 navigation by that stream. Accordingly an act was passed 
 in 1793, concurrent with one passed by the Legislature of 
 Delaware, authorizing a company to be incorporated, with 
 authority to make this improvement. The navigation was 
 to extend up each branch of the Brandywine to the point 
 where it is intersected by the Lancaster turnpike road. 
 It is believed that no part of this improvement was ever 
 made. 
 
 An act " to authorize the Governor to incorporate a 
 Company to make a Lock Navigation on the River Schuyl- 
 kill" was passed by the Legislature, and approved March 
 8, 1815. Under its provisions the " Schuylkill Navigation 
 Company'' was formed. The canal was fully opened in the 
 year 1825, and its completion was hailed as the dawn of a 
 
MOUN~ AlPY 
 
 Res. of SAMUEL GREENWOOD Near CoAresv/uE. Chester Co.Pa. 
 
 GREENWOOD MILLS, Shawlano Funnel MANUfACTOR\ near COATesviUF-ChPiTEF^ LO.Pa. 
 
DOR LANS MILLS Waynesbuhc Branch PRR Sa6t Bk*h'^y^i'^£ 
 
 Pes. OF D. EATON SCOTT Highland Tp Chester Co. Pa 
 
INTERNAL IMPROVEMKNTS. 
 
 359 
 
 new era in the development of the resources of this section. 
 Much as it has since been left in the background by steam 
 as a motor on land and water, at that time it was a gij^antic 
 stride in advance of the &low, tedious, and inconvenient 
 modes of transportation then in vogue, of teaming over 
 rough and muddy roads, or poling flat-boats through a 
 rocky and crooked river. " During the progress of the 
 work a fatal fever, engendered by damming up the stream 
 and spreading its water over the lowlands, made terrific 
 ravages amongthe inhabitants adjacent. . . . It is estimated 
 that one-sixth of the people living within three or four 
 miles perished." 
 
 The Chester County Canal, running from the Black 
 Rock dam to Phoenixville, was made by the Schuylkill 
 Navigation Company in 1828, in consequence of an agree- 
 ment with George Thompson, who desired the water-power 
 for use in his uail-works. 
 
 In 1847 a steamboat made daily trips upon the canal 
 between Phoenixville and Norristown. It was called the 
 " General Taylor."- It ran but a short time, its use as a 
 connecting link in the passenger travel to Piiiladelphia 
 being superseded by the locomotive. 
 
 EAILEOADS. 
 WEST CHESTER RAILROAD. 
 In the summer of 1830 the subject of railroads excited 
 considerable attention throughout the country, which West 
 Chester shared \yith the rest. The Pennsylvania Railioad 
 being in process of construction, it was thought (fesirable 
 to connect the borough with that line, and thus secure a 
 route to Philadelphia. The engineer of this work, John 
 AVilson, was consulted, and on Dec. 10, 1830, a meeting 
 was called at the " Turk's Head," at which Judge Darling- 
 ton presided, and P. Frazer Smith, Esq., acted as secretary. 
 A committee was appointed to examine a route, and a 
 favorable report was made at another meeting on December 
 24th. A bill was passed, Feb. 18, 1831, for the incor- 
 poration of a company, and in March subscription-books 
 were opened.with such success that twice the desired capital 
 was offered. A charter was issued March 28th, and an 
 election of directors followed, at which Dr. William Dar- 
 lington, Ziba Pyle, Esq., William Williamson, Esq., Joseph 
 Hemphill, Esq., Jonathan Jones, Elihu Chauncey, Esq., 
 and Samuel C. Jefferis were chosen. At a subsequent 
 meeting Dr. Dailington was elected president, William 
 Williamson secretary, and Thomas Williamson treasurer. 
 John P. Baily was appointed resident engineer in May, 
 under the supervision of Mr. Wilson. 
 
 On the 5th of August, 1832, the first car was sent 
 through from "West Chester to the " Intersection," but the 
 formal opening was delayed till September 13th. The 
 Pennsylvania Railroad not being finished east of that point, 
 no communication was had with Philadelphia until October 
 18th, when cars were run to the head of the " Inclined 
 Plane," four miles from the city proper, whence passengers 
 were conveyed by stage. On Christmas Day, 1833, the 
 bridge over the Schuylkill being finished, the route was 
 now complete, and a number of prominent citizens of the 
 State made an excursion to West Chester from the depot on 
 Broad Street, and returned the same day. In April, 1833, 
 
 an act was passed to increase the stock of the West Chester 
 road, and to build a branch from the neighborhood of Kirk- 
 land to the Pennsylvania Railroad, at some point east of the 
 Brandywine. This work was completed Nov. 15, 1834, 
 being only about three-quarters of a mile long. Its chief 
 use was to transport marble from Thomas' quarries, in 
 Whiteland, to build the Bank of Chester County, and that 
 being accomplished, it was found so unprofitable that it was 
 abandoned a year or two after. The road-bed can still be 
 traced. It is claimed for the road from West Chester to the 
 Intersection (now Malvern) that it was the first completed in 
 the State. It was about nine miles in length, and cost near 
 $80,000, The fifth annual report, of Jan. 1 8, 1836, showed 
 a total bu.«iness of $7381.68. Horses were the motive-power 
 for several years, and the track was made of yellow-pine 
 string pieces, plated with flat iron bars. Steam-power, fur- 
 nished by the State, was introduced in 1845, and the heavy 
 locomotives soon necesshated a more substantial track. 
 Jluch might be written of the difiiculties with which the 
 company had to contend, how the stock became almost worth- 
 less, and complete failure threatened the enterprise. With a 
 change of management, the use of steam, and a better 
 roadway, success came slowly but surely. In 1 850 entrance 
 to the city was gained by way of Market Street bridge, 
 thus avoiding the old Inclined Plane, and soon after this 
 the Philadelphia depot was. changed iiom Broad and Race 
 Streets to Market Street. The company ran their cars 
 from West Chester to the city, paying tolls to the State for 
 the use of the main line. Wliile the latter belonged to the 
 State it was the tool of corrupt politicians, who managed 
 it for the interest of party, and it failed to pay expenses. 
 The West Chester Company was subjected to unjust and 
 oppressive regulations, for which there seemed no redress, 
 and which doubtless caused the formation of a company for 
 the construction of an independent line by way of Media. 
 After the latter was completed, in 1858, the old branch was 
 leased and operated for some years by the Pennsylvania 
 Company, which had bought the State works. It was next 
 purchased by the rival companyjand held until 1879, when 
 the Penn,sylvania Company bought it for about $135,000, 
 and proceeded to put it in first-class order, building a new 
 depot, straightening the track, and making the connection 
 with the main line at a nearer point. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. 
 
 The main line of the. Pennsylvania Railroad, extending 
 from Philadelphia 353 miles westward to Pittsburgh, grew 
 out of the system of public improvements inaugurated by 
 the State in 1826, in which year an act was passed pro- 
 viding for a canal, to be styled " The Pennsylvania Canal," 
 to be constructed at the expense of the State. It was to 
 be built from the river Swatara, at or near Middletown, 
 where the Union Canal commenced, to the mouth of the 
 Juniata, and from Pittsburgh to the mouth of the Kiski- 
 minetas and the Allegheny River. The design appears to 
 have been to make both the Juniata and Kiskiminetas 
 Rivers navigable by slack-water, and to use the Union 
 Canal as the eastern end of the line, connecting it with 
 Philadelphia. In 1827 the Legislature authorized the 
 canal commissioners to make examinations through the 
 
360 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 counties of Chester and Lancaster for a railroad to connect 
 with the canal. In 1828 those commissioners were directed 
 to locate and put under contract a railroad from Philadel- 
 phia through Chester County, via Lancaster, to Columbia, 
 and complete the same within two years if practicable. 
 Tliey were also, by the same act, required to examine a 
 route for a railroad from Huntingdon to Johnstown, over 
 the Allegheny Mountains 
 
 In 1833 the canal commissioners completed the Columbia 
 Kailroad with a double track, and the Portage with a single 
 track, and finished the main line of the canal. In la'Si 
 the entire line between Pittsburgh and Philadelphia was 
 opdned to trade and travel. The first train of cars from 
 Columbia to Philadelphia passed over the Columbia Kail- 
 road on Wednesday, the last day of February, 1834. The 
 following account of the opening of the railroad is taken 
 fiom the Whiff, a newspaper published in West Chester, 
 of the date of March 6, 1834: 
 
 " One track of this important State improvement being completed, 
 'arrangements were made by Mr. S. R, Slaymaker, of Lancaster, for 
 passing a train of cars from that city to Philadeipbia on Wednesday. 
 The members of the Legislature from the city of Philadelphia and the 
 ,c,uuntics adjacent to the line of the road, with others, arrived at Co- 
 lumbia on Tuesday evening, by the canal-packet from Harrisburg, 
 and were immediately conveyed to Lancaster in a train drnwn by the 
 locorautive * Black Hawkj* the engine performed the trip in fifty-five 
 minutes. 
 
 '* On Wednesday morning a train of cars was again attached, and 
 left North Queen Street at eight o'clock, arrived at the Gap at ten, 
 passed with ease the works there constructed, and arrived at the head 
 of the Inclined Plane, near the Schuylkill, at half-past four in the 
 afternoon, having made the trip in eight hours and a half, all stop- 
 pages for taking in water, receiving and discharging passengers, and 
 incidental delays included. If it be borne in mind that the engine is 
 one of very limited power, that the number of passengers was large, 
 •the weight of cars and baggage very considerable, and that the pas- 
 sage was made under the disadvantages inseparable from first at- 
 tempts, all will concur in awarding to the engineer and those in 
 charge of the locomotive and train of cars great praise for their skill 
 in effecting so successful and gratifying an issue of the undertaking, 
 
 " The passengers were under special obligations to Mr. S. R. Slay- 
 maker fur his assiduous attention to their comfort on the route, and 
 liis politeness in furnishing them with refreshments at Coatesville, at 
 which point, also, many of them enjoyed the hospitality of Mr. Miller, 
 whose house was, in the most friendly manner, opened for their accom- 
 modation. 
 
 " Throughout the whole line the progress of the train was hailed 
 with hearty acclamations by crowds of persons collected to witness 
 the novel spectacle. An immense concourse of c.tizens was also as- 
 sembled at the head of the Inclined Plane to greet its arrival at that 
 point. The locomotive was there detached, the cars passed down with- 
 out obstruction or serious difficulty, and were thence conveyed to 
 Broad Street and other points in the city." 
 
 The first locomotive put on the road was built in Eng- 
 land, and named the " Black Hawk," after the celebrated 
 Indian chief In 1832 there was but one locomotive, in 
 183.5 but three, but in 1837 there were forty, the motive- 
 power of horses being then discarded. At first there was 
 .considerable opposition to the employment of locomotives 
 by persons using the road or residing near it. Tiiey feared 
 that the engines would destroy the value of their horses, 
 and that sparks from them would set fire to their houses 
 and barns. April 13, 1846, the Pennsylvania Railroad 
 Company was incorporated by the Legislature with fran- 
 chises and authority to construct a railroad from Harris- 
 burg to Pittsburgh, which wtis completed, and on Dec. 10, 
 
 1852, cars ran through from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia. 
 Aug. 1, 1857, the Pennsylvania Railroad Company became 
 the owner of the Columbia Railroad. 
 
 John J. Parker, iu some reminiscences published in the 
 Bnil^ Local News of May 24, 1879, says, — 
 
 "During the time the State controlled the Columbia Railroad (now 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad), canal commissioners, three in number, 
 furnished the motive-power, while any individual or firm was privi- 
 legeil to put on passenger or other ears by paying to the State the 
 following tqlls, viz. -. Road toll on oar, road toll on person or freight 
 carried, motive-power on car, motive-power on person or freight 
 carried; so that the more passengers carried in the car the better it 
 was for the company owning the car. Bingham & Dock, Miller A Co., 
 and Peters, Calder & Co. were the princi])al companies engaged in 
 the passenger traffic, and great competition was at times carried on. 
 The early recollections of the writer recall the only three passenger- 
 trains running on the Columbia Railroad, namely, the *fast line,' as 
 it was called, going west every morning ,' the * slow line,' going west 
 in the afternoon, followed by the 'night line' in the evening. Your 
 readers will remember, if they have been at ony of the stations on the 
 arrival of one of these trains, the conductors of some three or four 
 different companies soliciting passengers to take their paiticular car. 
 Very little eoal was used on the locomotives, wood being the principal 
 fuel. In 1850, after the completion of the branch to West Philadel- 
 phia, avoiding the Inclined Plane, the West Chester passengers were 
 conveyed by this route to Philadelphia. The first train of cars with 
 passengers crossed Alarket Street bridge Oct. 14, 1850, with Philip P. 
 Sharpless, of West Chester, then superintendent of the * old road,* 
 in charge. 
 
 " The first telegraphic connection between Philadelphia and Parkes- 
 burg was made on April 24, 1850. In 1851, Joseph Jackson ran a 
 market-car from Parkeaburg, together with William T. Fielis, Abram 
 Turner, and Uriah Rupert, father of John A. Rupert. Sept. 3, 1851, 
 Joseph Jackson was badly hurt by being crushed between the cars in 
 a collision near the Green Tree, in Willistown township, when the 
 market-tiain was run into and several cars wrecked. Then living at 
 Parkesburg, I was summoned to take charge of his market-car, and 
 accordingly became a marketman,- going to the city twice a week, to 
 one of the produce and commission warehouses on Broad Street near 
 Race, where all the market-cars then went and disposed of their 
 produce to customers, wholesale or otherwise. The market-train 
 then consisted exclusively of individual ears. The writer would drop 
 his car down to William Chandler's, now Pomeroy, take on marketing,^ 
 then a little father down stop at Joseph Morris's gate or crossing, and 
 one or two other places, each time taking up his brake, until the car 
 had reached Midway, then the station for Coatesville. Soon after the 
 market-train would come along, and, the car being attached, we would 
 proceed to Philadelphia. This was at a time when scarcely one train 
 passed to one hundred that now pa,«s over this part of the road, and 
 when locomotives were but comparably good-sized cooking-stoves to 
 those now in use. I remember some of their names, such as the 
 'William Penn,' 'Jesse Miller,' 'Bald Eagle,' 'Governor Snyder,' 
 'Butler,' 'Telegraph,' etc." 
 
 THE PHILADELPHIA AND READING RAILROAD. 
 
 The agitation in the Schuylkill Valley, of which this road 
 was the outgrowth, commenced about the time the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad was projected. At that time a railroad 
 was proposed from Sunbury to Philadelphia, and with an 
 idea that the line between the latter city and Reading 
 might be made a portion of the route of the contemplated 
 road, a meeting was called at the " Bull tavern," Jan. 3, 
 1831, to adopt measures to insure its location on the west 
 side of the Schuylkill. Notice having been given in all the 
 newspapers of Chester County, the meeting was largely at- 
 tended by its leading citizens. They appointed a committee 
 to engage engineers to make a survey of the route, com- 
 mittee on correspondence and finance, issued an address 
 "To the Friends of the Railroad, from Philadelphia to 
 
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 561 
 
 Head'iDg, proposed to be located on the west side of the 
 River Schuylkill," andcontioued to hold adjourned sessions 
 during the summer of 1831. 
 
 " The bill by which the Philadelphia and Reading Rail- 
 road Company was incorporated was originally presented 
 in the House of Representatives by Elijah F. Pennypackcr, 
 daring the session of 1832-33. 
 
 " Perhaps the most difficult and expensive portion of the 
 road in its construction was that through Schuylkill town- 
 ship, which required bridges over the Valley, Pickering, and 
 French Creeks, and the Schuylkill River, and also a tunnel 
 through solid rock 1932 feet long, and originally 19 feet in 
 width and 17 in height." The tunnel was commenced in De- 
 cember, 1835, and finished in September, 1837. The road 
 was opened for business Jan. 10, 1842. 
 
 THE PERKIOMEN RAILROAD, 
 
 connecting the Reading Railroad with the East Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad, forms a junction with the Reading at Pawl- 
 ing, in Schuylkill township, Chester County. 
 
 CHESTER VALLEY RAILROAD. 
 
 The Norristown and Valley Railroad Company was in- 
 corporated by act of April 15, 1835, to construct a rail- 
 road from some point on the Philadelphia and Columbia 
 Road, east of Brandywine Creek, to a point on the Phila- 
 delphia, Germantown and Norristown Road near Norris- 
 town ; but, after expending over $850,000, were unable to 
 complete the road within the time prescribed. 
 
 The Chester Valley Railroad Company was incorporated 
 by act of April 22, 1850, reviving the former charter. 
 This road is 22 miles in length from Bridgeport to Down- 
 ingtown, and is operated by the Philadelpha and Reading 
 Company. 
 
 The Cedar Hollow Lime Company have a railroad con- 
 necting their quarries with this road, in Tredyfi"rin town- 
 ship. 
 
 WEST CHESTER AND PHILADELPHIA RAILROAD- 
 This road, via Media, sometimes called the " direct" 
 road, was incorporated April 11, 1848, but it was not until 
 Nov. 11, 1858, about noon, that the first train reached 
 West Chester over this route. It had been completed to 
 Media several years previously, and a portion of the track 
 near West Chester wais at one time laid, and afterwards 
 taken up to extend the other end of the line. " Crossing 
 the valleys of several streams, it was a very expensive road 
 to build, and during its financial struggles the value of the 
 stock was for a time almost nominal. It has recently passed 
 into the possession of the Philadelphia, Wilmington arid 
 Baltimore Company, and still later into that of the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad. , 
 
 THE PHILADELPHIA AND BALTIMORE CENTRAL RAIL- 
 ROAD COMPANY 
 
 was incorporated March 17, 1853. The company was 
 authorized, April 6, 1854, to form a union with a cor- 
 poration chartered by the State of Maryland ; so com- 
 menced to forin a combination line. 
 
 Capital stock subscribed...' $225,000.00 
 
 Capital stocli paid ia. 220,606.11 
 
 46 
 
 Funded Debt. 
 
 1st Penna. mortgage, 7 per cent., due Jan. 1, 1879 $1,800,000.00 
 
 " in Md. " " " " Oct. 1, 1879 300,000.00 
 
 2d Pa. and Md. mortgage, due Jan. 1, 1900 400,000.00 
 
 Total amount $2,500,000.00 
 
 1879, Oct. 31, cost of entire road 1,864,756.21 
 
 *' average per mile 40,538.18 
 
 " equipment per mile 4,558.26 
 
 Total cost of road and equipment per mile 46,186.45 
 
 The length of the main line from West Chester Junc- 
 tion to junction near Port Deposit, with the Columbia 
 and Port Deposit Railroad, is 46 miles, 361 being in 
 Pennsylvania, From West Chester Junction to Lamokin 
 is 7 miles. It is laid on stone ballast 52 miles; the 
 balance is on dirt, which is being replaced by stone. The 
 length of the main line and its branches in use is 46J 
 miles. The number of wooden bridges is 28, iron 3, trestle 
 5, and on Oct. 31, 1879, 10 locomotives were in use. The 
 road was opened to Oxford in 1859, to Rising Sun, Md., 
 1865, and to River Junction in 1869, having been brought 
 into use to Chads' Ford (soon after to Avondale) previously 
 as the improvement progressed. Resting on a community 
 chiefly agricultural for the supply of capital, without any 
 strong claim for aid from the city, this enterprise had for 
 years the experience common in railroad building about the 
 same period, which resulted in the sacrifice of cash raised 
 by sale of stock, and swelling the nominal amount of the 
 cost by carrying forward the work mainly on a credit basis, 
 payments being made in stock, bonds, and time-notes of the 
 company. On the whole, this departure from cash con- 
 tracts and rfites doubtless added one-third, if not one-half, 
 to the nominally high cost of the completed road. Beyond 
 this, it encumbered the directors with heavy indorsements 
 to prevent the work from stopping, and hastened a volun- 
 tary sale or lease to the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Bal- 
 timore Company, to escape ultimate failure and the financial 
 ruin of self-sacrificing men, who for years had, as indorsers, 
 commanded the means to keep the work moving forward. 
 
 In view of the circumstances under which this public 
 improvement was secured, it seems but just to mention some 
 few names of worthy citizens who were steadfast workers 
 during the protracted struggle, extending from about 1853 
 to 1869 : John Miller Dickey, with Samuel, Dr. E. V., 
 Samuel J., and Ebenezer Dickey, Dr. Franklin Taylor (em- 
 ployed as the early and bold advocate of the enterprise ; 
 afterwards, for a period, its president), John M. Kelton, 
 Esq., James R. Ramsey, Mark A. Hodgson, Isaac Wat- 
 kins, John Richards, Samuel Martin, James A. Straw- 
 bridge, Job H. Jackson, Daniel Stubbs, Milton Conard, 
 David Woelpper, and others ; each, during its construction, 
 served a time in the board of directors, sharing the labors 
 and attendant responsibilities manfully. We also deem it 
 due here to state that in the capacity of engineers, super- 
 vising and prompting the carrying forward the construc- 
 tion of the road, filling the office of secretary of the board, 
 and performing services as financial agents, honorable men- 
 tion is cheerfully accorded to the two brothers (both early 
 deceased), Robert and George Hodgson, sons of Mark A. 
 Hodgson. 
 
 EAST BRANDYWINE AND WATNESBURG RAILROAD. 
 
 This road, incorporated in 1854, originally extended 
 from Downingtown to Waynesburg (now Honeybrook), a 
 
362 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 distance of 18 miles. It has been leased by the Penn- 
 sylvania Eailroad since 1861, and has recently been com- 
 pleted to New Holland, Lancaster County. 
 
 THE WILMINGTON AND NORTHERN RAILROAD. 
 
 On April 20, 1864, the Berks and Chester Railroad was 
 incorporated, and on March 16, 1866, authorized to connect 
 with the Delaware and Pennsylvania State Line Jlailroad. 
 This union was effected, and the consolidated roads, extend- 
 ing from Birdsboro' to Wilmington, were given the name 
 of the Wilmington and Reading Railroad. 
 
 This road was placed in the hands of trustees (A. Gib- 
 bons. George Brooke, and George Richardson), for its mort- 
 gage bonds. May 8, 1875, by order of the court, and by 
 them operated, and sold Oct. 2, 1876. Jan. 1, 1877, it 
 was handed over to the purchasers, who were a committee 
 acting for those bondholders who joined for the purpose of 
 reorganizing it under the present title of " Wilmington 
 and Northern Railroad Company." 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA AND DELAWARE RAILROAD. 
 
 This was incorporated March 24, 1868, under the name 
 of the Doe Run and White Clay Creek Railroad, to extend 
 from the Pennsylvania Railroad at Pomeroy to the Dela- 
 ware State line, and there connect with another road run- 
 ning to Delaware City. The name was subsequently 
 changed to the present title, and in 1873 the road was 
 leased by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, by which it 
 is now operated. It connects with the Baltimore Central 
 Railroad at Avondale, with the Wilmington and Western 
 at Landenberg, and with the Philadelphia, Wilmington 
 
 and Baltimore Railroad near Newark, a!nd extends from 
 Pomeroy to Delaware City. 
 
 WILMINGTON AND WESTERN RAILROAD. 
 This road, from Wilmington to Landenberg, passes for 
 between two and three miles of its length through this 
 county, and was opened Oct. 19, 1872. 
 
 PICKERING VALLEY RAILROAD, 
 extending from Phcenixvillc to Byers' Station, in Upper 
 Uwchlan, is 11.3 miles in length, and was constructed 
 about the year 1871. It is operated by the Philadelphia 
 and Reading Company. 
 
 THE OXFORD AND PEACH BOTTOM RAILROAD, 
 a narrow-gauge road, has been in operation several years, 
 and forms a " feeder" to the Philadelphia and Baltimore 
 Central Railroad. 
 
 THE FRENCH CREEK RAILROAD, 
 a branch of the Wilmington and Northern Railroad, was 
 opened in March, 1880. 
 
 THE PHILADELPHIA AND CHESTER COUNTY RAILROAD 
 
 was chartered a few years ago, and some progress made in 
 its construction. Grading was to some extent done in the 
 neighborhood of Goshenville, when work was suspended, 
 and a more southern route is now looked upon favorably. 
 
 In 1832 a petition was sent from Dowuingtown for an 
 act to incorporate the Wilmington and Downingtown Rail- 
 road Company. George Fisher and Charles Downing were 
 among the active movers in it. 
 
 -«-►■ 
 
 CIYIL AND JUDICIAL LISTS. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE COLONIES ON THE DELA- 
 WAKE, 1614-81.* 
 
 GOVERNORS OF NEW NETHERLANDS AND OF THE 
 DUTCH ON THE DELAWARE. 
 The names of vice-directorB appear in italic) ; those of directors- 
 general in Roman. 
 
 Capt. GoTTielu Jacobsen Mey^ Adrian Jorwz Tienpontf 161^23, 
 WaUam Van HuUl, 1623-24. ' 
 Peter Minuit, 1624-32. 
 Giles Osset, CummisBary, 1630-32. 
 Wouter Van Twiller, April, 1C33, to March 28, 1638. 
 AreiU Conaen, 1633-35. 
 
 Jan JaDsen Van Ilpendam, Commissary, 1636-38. 
 Sir William Keift, March 28, 1638, to May 27, 1647. 
 Jan Jamen 7an Ilpendam, 1638 to Oct. 12, 1645. 
 Axdreat Hndde, Oct. 12, 1648, to Aug. 15, 1648. 
 Alexander Beyer, Acting Commissary, Aug. 15, 1648-49, 
 
 * •* This list of oihcers of the colony and province is probably not complete, yet, 
 for its preserration, as also reference, we present the imperfect record as it is. 
 The dates are given as we have found tbem on various commission-books. These 
 are those of appointment, assuming of office, or of commission, and in most in- 
 stances extremely difficult to determine which. As to the orthography, we have 
 been guided mostly by the records, save where the spelling could be othenvise 
 properly authenticated." — Editors of 2d Archivet^ ix. 604. 
 
 Peter Stuyvesant, May 17, 1647, to May 31, 1654. 
 Gerrit Bricker, Commissary, 1649-54. 
 
 [Captured by the Swedes, May 31, 1654.] 
 
 GOVERNORS OF NEW SWEDEN AND OF THE SWEDES 
 
 ON THE DELAWARE. 
 Peter Minuit, April 28, 1638, to Jan. 30, 1640. 
 Jott de Bogardt, Acting Governor, Jan. 30, 1C40, to Oct. 16, 1640. 
 Peter Hollandare, Oct. 15, 1640, to Feb. 15, 1643. 
 John Printz, Feb. 15, 1643, to Nov. 1, 1663. 
 Hendrick Huygen, Commissary, 1646. 
 
 John Papegoya, Acting Governor, November, 1653, to May 27, 1664. 
 John Claudius Ryaingh, May 27, 1664, to May 31, 1664. 
 
 DIRECTOR OF THE ENGLISH OR NEW HAVEN COLONY 
 
 ON SOUTH RIVER. 
 Thomas LambertoD, 1641-63. 
 
 [Colony expelled by the Dutch and Swedes, 1653.] 
 
 DOMINION OF THE SWEDES. 
 John Claudius Eysingh, Governor, May 31, 1064, to Sept. 25, 1656 
 Hendrick Van Elswyck, Factor and Secretary, May 31, 1664, to S^pt. 25, 1665. 
 [Captured by the Dutch, Sept. 25, 1655.] 
 
r-vifealffey-Ssi^ 
 
 
 . ri-ATE /i£s OF UOSEPH M. MACHBLDUFF] '-■ r"^- 
 
 
CIVIL AND JUDICIAL LISTS. 
 
 363 
 
 DOMUJION OF THE DUTCH. 
 
 Peter Stuyveaant, Director-General, Sept. 26, 1655, to Oct. 1, 1664. 
 John Paul Jacqnet, Vice-Dirootor, Nov. 29, 1655, to Deo. 19, 1656. 
 Capt. Deryck Smidt, Commisa^vy, October, 1655, to Nut. 29, 1655. 
 Andreas Hudde, CommiEsary, Xlec. 3, 1055, to Sept. 23, 1659. 
 Cornelius Van Buy ven, Commi^ary, Sept, 23, 1659. 
 
 [The colony dirided into ^^at of the city and company, 1956.] 
 
 Colony of the Citv.— Jacob Ali-i«Vs,* Deo. 19, 1656, to Dec. SO, 1059 ; Alexander 
 
 D'Hinayoesa, Dec. 3U, 1659, to Pec. 22, 1663. 
 CoLONT OP TUB CoHPANT. — Gerrit [GoeranJ Van Dyck, schoutrfiscal, January, 
 
 1657, to Oct. 28, 1658 ; William Beeknian, Vicc-Governor, Oct. 28, 1658, to 
 
 Dec. 22, 1663 ;t Alexander D'HIpayossa, Vice-Director, Dec. 22, 1663, to Oct. 
 
 1, 1664. 
 
 [Captured by tbe English, 1664.] 
 
 DOMINION OF TE()P DUKE OF YORK. 
 
 Col. Richard Nioolls, Governor, Sept. 8, 1664, to May, 1667. 
 Sir Robert Carr, Deputy Governor, Oct 1, 1664, to Nov. 3, 1667. 
 Cui.Tnincia Lovelace, Governor, May, 18Q7, to July 30, 1673. 
 Capt. John Carr, Deputy Governor, 1668, \o July 30, 1673. 
 
 [Recaptured by the Dutch, July 30, 1673.] 
 
 DOMINION OF THE DUTCH. 
 Anthony Colve, Governor-General, Aug. 12, 1673, to Nov. 10,1674. 
 Peter Alricks, Deputy Governor, Sept. 19, 1678, to Nov. 10, 1674. 
 [Retaken by the English, Nov. 10, 1674.] 
 
 DOMINION OF THE ENGLISH. 
 
 Sir Bdmnnd Andros, Governor, Nov. 10, 1674, to Jan. 16, 1681. 
 Capt. Matthias NicoUs, Deputy Governor, Nov. \Q, 1074-75. 
 Capt. gdmund Cantwell, Deputy Governor, 1675-1(6. 
 Capt. John Collier, Deputy Governor, 1676-77. 
 Capt Christopher Billop, Deputy Governor, 1677-8p. 
 Capt Anthony Brockholls, Governor, Jan. 16, 1681, to June 21, 1681. 
 [Colonial government ceases by virtue of provincial charter of March 
 4, 16S1.] 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE DUTCH ON TpE DELAWARE. 
 Council : 1658, Alexander D'Hinayossa, Abraham Rjnvelt ;t Oct 28, 1658, Ger- 
 rit Van Sweringen ; 1660, Cornells Van Gezel ;g J»n. 25, 1660, John Prato. 
 Commander on the Whorekill : January, 1660, Peter Alricks. Schepeus : 
 1669, John Williamson, John Prato, Hendrick Kipp : March, 1660, Jacobus 
 Backer. Sheriffs or Schouts : May 20, 1657, Gregorii^s Van Dyck ; 1660, Ger- 
 rit Van Sweringen. Overseers of Fences : Nov. 4, J056, Harmau Janben, 
 John Eckhart Inspectors of Tobacco : Dec. 12, 1656, Meenes Andriessen, 
 William Maunts. Magistrates for the South Riv^r: 1657, Oloff Stille, 
 Mathys Hanson, Peter Rambo, Peter Cock. Officers oyer the Swedes : 1658, 
 Swen Schute (captain), Andries Dalbo (lieutenant) ; 1669, Jacob Swensen 
 (pnsign), Martin Krygier (captain). Commissioners to Maryland ; Sept 23, 
 1659, Augustine Herman, Resolved Waldron. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE COLONY OF THE CITY. 
 Assistant Commissaries : June 26, 1660, Hendrick Kipp, Jacob Crabbe, Jaes 
 Jonsten. Collector of Tolls: Sept 9, 1663, Peter Cock. Surveyor : Feb. 20, 
 1661, William Rosenberry. Surgeon : April, 1660, Williams. Secreta- 
 ries : Dec. 30, 1659, to August, 1660, Gerrit Van Gezel ; John Prato, assistant ; 
 Gerrit Van Sweringen, assistant. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE COLONY OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 AlBlstant Commissary : Peter Rambo, resigned March, 1661. Surgeon : Peter 
 
 Tyneman, April, 1660. Sheriff: Gerritt Van Dyck, removed May, 1661. 
 
 OFFICERS FOR UPLAND AND DEPENDENCIES, 
 gurveyora: 1676, Walter Wharton ; Dec. 16, 1679, Richard Noble. Clerks of 
 Upland Court; 1674, William Tom; 1676, Ephraim Herman. Collector of 
 Quit-Rent: Aug. 23, 1677, Ephraim Herman. Sheriff: November, 1676, 
 Edmund Cantwell. Under Sheriffs : November, 1676, Jurien Hartzwelder ; 
 Sept 11, 1677, Michael Yzard; 1679, William Warner. Constables: 1676, 
 Albert Hendricks; Sept. 11, 1677, William Orian; June 18,1678, Andries 
 Homman; 1680, William Coyles, " at ye faals." 
 
 OFFICERS UNDER THE DUKE OF YORK. 
 Commissioners : May 6, 1664, Sir Robert Carr, Knt, George Carteret, Samuel 
 Maverick, Esq. Counselors: May, 1667, John Carr, Hans Block, Israel 
 Helm, Peter Kambo, Peter Cook, Peter Alricks. Indian Trader: Nov. 1, 
 167U, Peter Gronendyke (at the Whorekill). Surveyor-General West Side 
 of Delaware: June 27, 1671, Walter Wharton. Commander in Delaware 
 Bay and River: Sept 23, 1676, John Collier. Commissioners to Appraise 
 the Island of Tlnicum : March 2, 1673, Peter Alricks, Edmund Cantwell, 
 William Tom, Walter Wharton. 
 
 * Died Dec. 30, 1659. 
 
 t Colonies of the city and company united, Dec. 22, 1663. 
 
 i Pied Oct .28, 1658. J Removed. 
 
 OFFICEES OF THE PKOVINCE OF PENNSYL- 
 VANIA, 1681-1776. 
 
 GOVERNORS OF THE PROVINCE. 
 WiLMAM Penn, Peopeietart, 1681-93. — ^William Markham, Dep. Gov., April 20, 
 1681, to October, 1682; William Penn, Proprietary and Gov., Oct 27, 1682, 
 to Sept 18, 1684; The Council (Thomas Lloyd, President), .Sept 18, 1684, to 
 Feb. 9, 1688; 1. Thomas Lloyd.l 2. Robert Turner,|| 3. Arthur Cook,|| 
 4. John Slmcock,! 6. John Bckley,|| Feb. 9, 1688, to Dec. 18, 1688; Capt 
 John Blackwell, Pep. Gov., Dec. 18, 1688, to Jan. 2, 1690; The Council 
 (Thomas Lloyd, President), Jan. 2, 1690, to March, 1691 ; Thomas Lloyd, 
 Deii. Gov. of Province, March, 1691, to April 26, 1693 ; William Markham, 
 Pep. Gov. of Lower Counties. 
 
 CaowN or England, 1093 to Nov. 24, 1094.— Boninmin Fletcher, Gov. of New 
 York, Gov., April 26, 1693, to March 26, 1695; William Markham, Lieut- 
 Gov., April 26, 1693, to March 26, 1695^ 
 
 William Penn, PnopaiETAKY, Nov. 24, 1694, to Jnly .30, 1718.— William Mark- 
 ham, Gov., March 26, 1695, to Sept 3, 1698; Samuel Carpenter, John Good- 
 sun, Deputies, Nov. 24, 1694, to Sept 3, 1898 ; William Markham, Lient- 
 Gov., Sept. 3, 1698, to Dec. 21, 1699; William Penn, Proprietary and Gov., 
 Dec. 21, 1699, to Oct 27, 1701; Andrew Hamilton, Dep. Gov., Oct 27, 1701, 
 to April 20, 1703 ; The Council (Edward Shippen, President), April 20, 1703, 
 to Feb. 3, 1704 ; John Evans, Dep. Gov., Feb. 3, 1704, to Feb. 1, 1700 ; Charles 
 Gookin, Dep. Gov., Feb. 1, 1709, to May 31, 1717; Sir William Keith, Dep. 
 Gov., May 31, 1717, to July 30, 1718. 
 
 John Penn, Richard Penk, and Thomas Penn, Proprietaries, 1718-46.— Sir 
 William Keith, Dep. Gov., July 30, 1718, to June 2i, 1726; Patrick Gordon, 
 Dep. Gov., June 22, 1726, to Aug. 4, 1736; The Council (James Logan, 
 President), Aug. 4, 1736, to June 1, 1738 ; George Thomas, Dep. Gov., June 
 1, 1738, to May, 1746. 
 
 BiCHAKU Pens and Thosias Penn, Proprietaries, 1746-.71.— George Thomas, Dep. 
 Gov., May, 1746, to May 29, 1747 ; The Council (Anthony Palmer, President), 
 May 29, 1747, to Nov. 23, 1748; James Hamilton, Dep. Gov., Nov. 23, 1748, 
 to Oct 3, 1764; Robert Hunter Morris, Dep. Gov., Oct 3, 1754, to Aug. 25, 
 1756; William Denny, Dep. Gov., Aug. 25, 1766, to Nov. 17, 1769; James 
 Hamlltim, Dep. Gov., Nov. 17, 1759, to Oct 31, 1763; John Penn (son of 
 Richard Penn), Dep. Gov., Oct 31, 1763, to May 4, 1771. 
 
 Thomas Penn and John Penn (son of Richard), Proprietaries, 1771-76.— The 
 Council (James Hamilton, President), May 4, 1771, to Oct 16, 1771 ; Richard 
 Penn (son of Richard Penn), Lieut-Gov., Oct 16, 1771, to July 19, 1773 ; 
 The Council (James Hamilton, President), July 19, 1773, to Aug. 30, 1773 ; 
 John Penn, Gov., Aug. 30, 1773, to Sept. 28, 1776. 
 
 [August 30, 1773, John Penn, who was confirmed Lieutenant-Gov- 
 ernor by the king, June 30, was awarded the title of Governor 
 by the Provincial Council.] 
 
 PROPRIETARY SECRETARIES. 
 1683, Philip T. Lehnman ; May 28, 1685, William Markham ; Oct. 27, 1701. James 
 Logan (nice Robinson); June 6, 1747, Richard Peters (vice Logan, deceased); 
 Jan. 2, 1762, Joseph Shippen, Jr. (yke Petera, resigned). 
 
 RECEIVERS-GENERAL FOR PROPRIETARIES. 
 
 Sept 25, 1689, John Blackwell: July 15, 1690, Samuel Jennings; Nov. 1, 1690, 
 Benjamin Chambers, Deputy; June 1, 1093, Robert Turner; Oct 29, 1701, 
 James Logan; Jan. 30, 1714, James Steel; March 30, 1718, James Steel, 
 Deputy; Dec. 16, 1782, James Steel; Aug. 8, 1741, Lynford Lardner; March 
 28, 1753, Richard Hockley; Jan. 1, 1769, Edmund Physlck. 
 
 REGISTERS-GENERAL. 
 
 May 5, 1686, Christopher Taylor (deceased April, 1686), Robert Turner, William 
 Frampton, William Southerby, acting; Sept 18, 1686, James Claypoole, Sr. 
 (deceased June, 1687) ; June 18, 1687, John Eckley (declined) ; Jnly 28, 1687, 
 Thomas Ellis ; July 25, 1689, John Blackwell; March 4, 1690, Robert Tur- 
 ner; Jan. 1, 1693, John Moore; March 29, 1703, William Markham ;iy 1712, 
 Benjamin Hayne; 1713-16, Peter Evans; May 14, 1724, Thomas Graeme; 
 Feb. 19, 173J, Peter Evans ; June 19, 1745, William Plumsted ; Aug. 15, 1765, 
 Benjamin Chew. 
 
 MASTERS OF ROLLS. 
 
 Oct 27, 1683, Thomas Lloyd; 1685, Patrick Robinson, Deputy; 1690, William 
 Markham; Feb. 6, 1700, Thomas Story; July 11, 1702, Griffith Owen., 
 Deputy; April 3, 1706, Morris Lisle, Peputy; 1712, Charles Brockdon, 
 Peputy ; 1722, Charies Brockden ; June 12, 1727, Andrew Hamilton ; Juno 
 20, 1736, Thomas Hopkinson; Aug. 7, 1741, William AUen; Oct 2, 1760, 
 Tench Francis; Aug. 29, 1755, Benjamin Chew; Sept. 28, 1767, William 
 Parr ; June 26, 1774, Andrew Allen. 
 
 SECRETARIES OF THE LAND-OFFICE. 
 April 2, 1733, James Steel, John Georges; Nov. 24, 1748, Richard Peters ; Not. 
 1, 1760, William Peters ; Jan. 1, 1769, James Tilghman. 
 
 II Five commissioners appointed by Wm. Penn. 
 
 If Bpnjamin Hayne, William Watson, and Thomas Hayward lately executed 
 the ofBce. 
 
364 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 JUSTICES. 
 
 1657.— MagiBtratea for the South Biver: Oloff Stille, Mathys Haiison, Peter 
 Bambo, Peter Cock. 
 
 NoTember, 1674.— Justices for Upland : Peter Cock, Peter Kambo, Israel Helm, 
 Lace Andries, Oelle Sweuson. 
 
 Oct. 3, 1676.— Peter Cock, Peter Bambo, Israel Helm, Lace Andries, Oelle Swen- 
 son. Otto Ernest Cock. 
 
 May 28, 1680.— Commissioned by Sir Edmund Androa: Otto Ernest Cock, Israel 
 Helm, Lasse Cock, Henry James, Georjxe Browne. 
 
 1681.— Commissioned by Governor Markham: William Clayton, 'William War- 
 ner, Hubert Wade, William Byles, Robert Lucas, Hendrias Bankaon, Thomas 
 Fairman, James Sandelands, Swen Swenson, Aiidriea Baukson, Otto Ernest 
 Cock, Lassey Cock. 
 
 1682.— Commissioned by Penn : John Simcock, Thomas Braasey, William Clay- 
 ton, Eobert Wade, John Bezer, ptto Ernest Cock, Kalph Withers. 
 
 1684. — Christopher Taylor, William Wood, Kobert Wade, John Blunaton, Nicho- 
 las ^ewlin, Qeorge Maris, Jamee Saunderlaine, John Harding, Thomas Usher. 
 
 April 6, 1685.— John Simcock, William Wood, Nicholas Newlin, Eobert Wade, 
 George Maris, Thomas Usher, Bobert Piles, John Blunston. 
 
 1686. — Bartholomew Coppock, Samuel Levis, Francie Harrison. 
 
 1687. — John Bristow, Edward Bezer. 
 
 " Jan. 25, 1688-9, Governor Blackwell issued a new commission to 
 the Justices and Sheriffs of the several counties. Those of Chester 
 county continued to act under their old commissions, which coming 
 to the ears of bis Excellency as he passed through Chester, he availed 
 himself of the opportunity afforded by the next meeting of Council 
 to reprimand John Simcock, John Bristow and Bartholomew Coppock, 
 jr., who were Justices of the Court as well as Members of Council. 
 After debating the matter ' it was thought advisable, and agreed that 
 a General Sessions should be called.' specially for the purpose of 
 making proclamation of the new Commissions of the Justices of 
 Chester County. This took place on the 19th of the 1st mo. (March), 
 16S9, when the Commissions constituting Jobn Simcock, John Bris- 
 tow, Bartholomew Coppock, jr., John Blunston, George Maris, Francis 
 Harrison and Nicholas Newlin, Justices, and Joshua Fearn, Sheriff, 
 were read and published in due form." 
 
 At a court held 4, 3, 1689, "William Howell's Comission for y« 
 Peace was read and Published dated y« 2i)'^ day of 3^2* moneth 
 1688-9, and did afterward subscribe to y^ solemne Declaration pre- 
 pared by y'' 57 Chapter of y^ great law of this Province." (Perhajjs 
 should be 12th month.) 
 
 Jan. 2, 1689-90.— John Bristow, John Bevan, John Blunaton, Nicholas Newlin, 
 Francis Harrison, Samuel Levis, James Sandelands, William Howell, Joshua 
 Fearne. 
 
 t, 6, 1690.- John Simcock. 
 
 10, 8, 1691.— Present at Court : William Jeukin. 
 
 May 13, 1693. — George Foreman, Jeremiah Collet, Thomas Smith, Thomas 
 Withers. 
 
 "John Simcoeke, John Bristow, George Merriss (Maris) & W"° Jen- 
 kins, former Justices of the peace in the Countie of Chester did give 
 a dilatorie answer to his E.\cell. proposall to have them continued in 
 that office.'' Jonathan Hayes, Kobert Pile, and Randall Vernon 
 refused the office. This was probably from dissatisfaction with the 
 change of government. Jonathan Hayes served, however, in court 
 this year. Peter Baynton sat as president of court June 13th, and 
 after. 
 
 Sept. 1 1 , 1094.— At Court : Jasper Teates. 
 
 J698.— Caleb Pusey, Philip Roman. 
 
 1700.— Ralph Fishbourne. 
 
 Sept. 25, 1703. — Commiaaioned: John Guest, Jasper Yeates, Caleb Pusey, Philip 
 Roman, Jonathan Hayea, Kalph FiahboMrne, Jeremiah CoUett, Walter Mar- 
 ten, Nathaniel Newlin. 
 
 1704. — Commiasioned by Governor Evana before May 30 : Jasper Yeates, Caleb 
 Pusey, Jeremiah Cullett, Philip Roman, Jonathan Hayes. 
 
 1709. — Thomas Powell, Nicholas Pyle, Henry Pierce. 
 
 Nov. 24, 1711. — Jasper Yeates, Bobert Pyle, Caleb Pusey, Nicholas Pile, Jona- 
 than Hayes, William Pavia, Henry Nayle, Richard Webb. 
 
 Oct. 16, 1712. — "Will"' Davis, a Justice of peace in Chester County, 
 for his indiscreet proceedings in marrying of W" Havard & Eliz: the 
 daughter of Capt. Roche, is oidered to be left out of Common." 
 
 May 13, 1713.— Caleb Pusey, Nicholas Pile, William Davis, Henry Nayle, Richard 
 Webb, Nicholas Fairlamb, John Blunston, Jr., Thomas Edwards. 
 
 May 30 and June 11, 1715. — Caleb Pusey, Nicholas Pyle, Richard Webb, Henry 
 Pierce, Henry Nayle, Nicholas Fairlamb, John Blunaton, Jr., Richard 
 Hayes. 
 
 Aug. 26, 1717.— Jasper Yeates, Caleb Pusey, Richard Webb, Henry Nayle, Rich- 
 ard Hayea, Henry Pieice, John Wright, John Wood, David Harry, John 
 WoiTall, Joseph Cueliourn, Henry Hayea, Joseph Pennock. 
 
 July 4, 1718.— John Wright (to be next to Jasper Yeates), Nathaniel Newlin, 
 
 Andrew Job, Elisha Gatcbell, John Cartledge, Francia Worley. 
 Aug. 19, 1718..— Same recommiasioned, with Andrew Hamilton. 
 
 Oct. 17, 1718. — "The Governor laid before the board a Representa- 
 tion or Greivanoe signed by sei^eral of the justices for the County of 
 Chester, on account of the leaving out a certain clause in the last 
 Commissions and the putting the Attorney Generals in the Commission. 
 It was thought better to renew the commissions -with the addition of 
 the clause, and the Attorney Generall might, if the Governor saw fit, 
 bave a special commission and be left out of common." 
 
 Nov. 24, 1718.— Jasper Yeates, John Wiight, Caleb Pusey, Richard Webb, Henry 
 Nayle, Richard Hayes, Henry Pierce, Nathaniel Newland, John Wood, Jo- 
 seph Coebourn, Henry Hayes, James Gibbons, Andrew Job, Eliaha Gatchell, 
 John Cartledge, Francis Worley. 
 
 Nov. 24, 1719.— Isaac Taylor. 
 
 May 22, 1722.— Johu Wright, Caleb Puaey, Henry Nayle, Richard Hayes, Henry 
 Pierce, Nathaniel Newland, John Wood, Joseph Coebourn, Henry Hayea, 
 Jamea Gibbona, Andrew Job, Elisha Gatchell, Francis Worley, Isaac Taylor, 
 Jamea Mitchell. 
 
 Nov. 22. — Same reappointed (except Andrew Job), and James Smith, Thomas 
 Reid. 
 
 Feb. 18, 1723.— John Wright, Caleb Pusey, Henry Nayle, Richard Hayea, Henry 
 Pierce, Nathaniel Newlin, John Wood, Henry Hayes, James Gibbons, Eli- 
 sha Gatchell, Francis Worley, Isaac Taylor, James Mitchell, John Crosby, 
 Thomas Reid, Abraham Emmit, Jr., James Boddy. 
 
 1724.— John Wood, Samuel Nutt, John Crosby, Abraham Emmit, Jr., Thomas 
 Reid, George Aston, Tobias Hendricks, Andrew Cornish, Mercer Brown, 
 Evan Lewis, William Pyle. 
 
 May 12, 1725.— John Wright, Henry Nayle, Henry Pierce, Nathaniel Newlin, 
 John Wood, Henry Hayes, Isaac Taylor,Samuel Nutt, John Crosby, Thomas 
 Reid, George Aston, .Tames Roddy, Tobias Hendricks, George Stewart, An- 
 drew Corniah, Mercer Brown. 
 
 Aug. 25, 1726. — John Wright, Richard Hayea, Henry Pierce, Nathaniel Newlin, 
 John Wood, Henry Hayea, laaac Taylor, Elisha Gatchell, Samuel Nutt, John 
 Crosby, Abraham Emmit, Jr., Thomas Reid, George Aston, Tobias Hen- 
 dricks, Andrew Cornish, Mercer Brown, Evan Lewis, William Pyle. 
 
 Oct. 10, 1727. — James James. 
 
 Aug. 25, 1729. — jRichard Hayes, John Wood, Henry Hayes, Elisha Gatchell, 
 Samuel Nutt, John Crosby, Abm. Emmit, Jr., George Aston, Mercer Brvwn, 
 Evan Lewis, William Pyle, James James, John Parry, James Gibbona. 
 
 Feb. 19, 1729-30.—" The Governor further acquainted the Board 
 that it was necessary a new Commission of the Peace for Chester 
 <^ounty should be issued, for that divers of those who are named in 
 the last having declined to act, there is a great Want of Magistrates 
 in some places of the County which should be imm6diately supplied 
 by others, & that be had some very good Reasons for leaving out 
 one, viz. : George Asheton, who had acted but too much; that he had 
 advised with divers good Men of that County who had recommended 
 a List, & It was Resolved to Commissionate those following, viz. : 
 Richard Hayes, Henry Pierce, Henry Hayes, Elisha Gatohel, John 
 Crosby, Abraham Emmit, Jun', Mercer Brown, James James, John 
 Parry, James Gibbons, Joseph Pennock, Samuel Hollingswortb, Jo- 
 seph Brinton, Nicholas Pyle, and the Chief Burgess of the Burrongh 
 of Bristol for the time being, of which the five last were now added." 
 
 Aug. 20, 17.11. — " The Governor further represented that by several 
 Petitions from the Inhabitants of the back parts of Chester County, 
 now laid before the Board, it appears there is great Want of a Mag- 
 istrate there ; And his Honour proposing that one John Karnaughan 
 being in those parts, of whom he said he had received a favourable 
 Character, should be assigned a Justice of the Peace. The Board 
 agreed thereto & Ordered that he be Commissionated accordingly." 
 
 Dec. 1, 1733. — All acting justices to be recommissioned, and Caleb 
 Cowpland (?). 
 
 Dec. 28, 1733. — Complaints having been made (by Robert Boyd 
 and others) of John Carnahan, the Governor ordered liis name left 
 out of the commission " this day issued for the County of Chester."'* 
 
 May 25, 1734. — Joseph Haiues. 
 
 Dec. 2, 1737. — Johu Evans. 
 
 Nov. 22, 1738.— Caleb Cowpland, Joseph Haines, John Evans, Richard Hayes, 
 Henry Pierce, Henry Hayes, Elisha Gatchell, John Crosby, Caleb Oowplandi 
 Abraham Emmit, James James, John Parry, Joseph Pennock, Samuel 
 Hollingswortb, Joseph Brinton, Joseph Haines, William Pim, Joseph Bon- 
 sall, the chief burgess of the town for the time being, Joseph Parker. 
 
 April 4, 1741.— "The Governor informed the Board that for some 
 time past he bad thought it requisite to Issue new General Commis- 
 sions of the Peace, (or that by the Death of some and the Misbehav- 
 iour of Others it was now become highly necessary to supply and 
 
 * See also 2d Archives, vii. 164-57. 
 
CIVIL AND JUDICIAL LISTS. 
 
 365 
 
 rectify the Magistraoy of the Province, and more especially as he had 
 lately received a Letter from Mr. John Penn, whereby it appeared he 
 had received Information that the Court at Chester had set aside a 
 man from the Jury for declining to talte the affirmation, and insisting 
 to be qualified as a Juror by Oath; and in which Letter Mr. Penn 
 had strongly recommended to the Governor to appoint a Majority of 
 such Magistrates in every County as would not scruple to take or at 
 least to Administer an Oath, that equal and impartial Justice might 
 •be done to all men ; That he had consider'd and inform'd himself, the 
 best he could, of the most proper Persons to be Justices of the Peace 
 for the several Counties, and proposed the following Gentlemen, viz. : 
 
 "For Chester County." 
 Henry Kerce, Henry Hayes, Xlislm Gatchell, John Crosby, Caleb Cowpland, 
 William Hoore, Abraham Emmit, Joseph Pennock, Joseph Brinton, William 
 Pim, Joseph Bonsall, Joseph Parker, William Webb, John Mather, Ralph 
 Pjle, John Taylor, Job Rueton, Charles Grant, the chief burgess of Chester 
 for the time being. 
 
 " And no Objection being made to any of these Gentlemen 
 " Ordered, That Blank Commissions be prepared by the Secretary 
 "in order to be filled up." 
 
 Dec. 17, 1745.— John Crosby, Elieha Gatchell, Caleb Cowpland, William Moore, 
 Abraham Eminit, Joseph Pennock, Joseph Brinton, William Pim, Joseph 
 Bonsall, William Webb, John Mather, Job Bqston, Charles Grant, Samuel 
 Flower, Thomas Cummings, John Parry, Andrew McDowell, the chief bur- 
 gess of Chester for the time being, Joseph Parker (separate Com.). 
 
 April 22, 1749. — "The Governor observ'd to the Board that the 
 Commissions of the Peace being only of force by virtue of his Procla- 
 mation, <i: as it was usual for Governors to renew them at or soon 
 after their Accession to the Government, he proposed to issue new 
 Commissions, & deslr'd the favour of the Board to recommend proper 
 Persons to- be Magistrates for the several Counties, & particularly 
 at this time for the County of Lancaster, that Court sitting next 
 Week,'' Ac. 
 
 May 19, 1749. — "The Council resum'd the Consideration of the 
 new Commissions. of the Peace, & agreed to appoint the following 
 Persons Justices for Chester County, viz :" 
 
 Caleb Cowpland, Elisha Gatchell, William Moore, Joseph Pennock, Joseph 
 Brinton, William Pim, Joseph Bonsall, John Mather, Charles Grant, Samuel 
 Flower, Thomas Cummings, Thomas Worth, Aaron Ashbridge, John 
 Churchman, John Miller, Bichard Bichison, Isaac Davis, John Scott, Wil- 
 liam Bead, the chief burgess of Chester for the time being. 
 
 Aug. 21, 1761. — "Some more Justices being wanted for the County 
 of Chester, Joshua Pusey and Samuel Lightfoot were recommended 
 to the Governor as Persons well qualified for that Office and two Sepa- 
 rate Commissions .of the Peace were ordered to be made for them 
 accordingly." 
 
 May 25, 1752.— William Moore, Elisha Gatchell, Joseph Bonsall, John Mather, 
 Charles Grant, Samuel Flower, Thomas Cummings, Thomas Worth, Aaron 
 Ashbridge, John Churchman, John Miller, Isaac Davis, John Scott, Joshua 
 Pusey, Samuel Lightfoot, Edward Brinton, Mordecai Moure, Mordecai 
 James, the chief burgess of Chester for the time being. 
 
 Feb. 22, 1757. — " The Council resumed the Consideration of a new 
 Commission of the Peace for the County of Chester, and the follow- 
 ing Persons being unanimously recommended, their Names were In- 
 serted in the Commission, which passed the Seals, and was sent down 
 to Chester, this being the first day of the Court, viz. : all the Mem- 
 bers of Council, 
 
 " William Moore, John Mather, Samuel Flower, Thomas Worth, Aaron Ash- 
 bridge, John Miller, Isaac Davis, John Scott, Samuel Lightfoot, Edward 
 Brinton, Mordecai Moore, the chief burgess of Chester, Alexander Johnston, 
 John Morton, John Culbertson, William Cllngan, John Paschall, William 
 Parker, Timothy Kirk." 
 
 Feb. 23, 1761.— Thomas Worth, Samuel Flower, John Miller, Isaac Davis, Ed- 
 ward Brinton, the chief burgess of Chester, Alexander Johnston, John Mor- 
 ton, John Culbertson, William Clingan, .William Parker, Timothy Kirk, 
 John Baonum, John Price, Soger Hunt, John Fairlamb, George Currie, 
 Henry Hale Graham. 
 
 The Governor issued supersedeas to Samuel Lightfoot, Edward 
 Brinton, Thomas Worth and John Morton, to forbear the exercise of 
 the Office of Judge of the Common Pleas for the said County of Ches- 
 ter, under the late Act entituled "A Supplement to the Act Entituled 
 ' An Act for establishing Courts of Judicature in the province,' " 
 which had been repealed by his late Majesty. 
 
 These persons were appointed Oct. 20, 1759, under the act of Sept. 
 29, 1759. 
 
 Nov. 19, 1764.— Members of Council, William Moore, Thomas Worth, Samuel 
 Flower, John Miller, Isaac Davis, Edward Brinton, Alexander Johnston, 
 John Culbertson, William Clingan, William Parker, John Hannum, John 
 Price, John Fairlamb, Henry Hale Graham, William Boyd, Bichard Riley, 
 James Hunter, James Evans. 
 
 William Swafier was a justice of the Common Pleas prior to 1770. 
 
 May 23, 1770.— Members ot Council, William Moore, Thomas Worth, John Mor- 
 ton, Isaac Davis, Alexander Johnston, William Clingan, William Parker, 
 John Hannum, John Price, Henry Hale Graham, Richard Biley, Charles 
 Cruikshauks, Richard Baker, James Gibbons, James Moore, William Swaffer, 
 Evan Evans, Thomas Hockley, Joseph Pyle, Thomas Temple, Warwick 
 Miller. 
 
 At Court, May, 1771, and after. — Joshua Cowpland. 
 
 At Court, May 28, 1776.— Nicholas Fairlamb. 
 
 Appointed by Convention of July 15, 177B.— Alexander Johnston, William 
 Clingan, Evan Evans, Richard Baker, John Sellers, Nicholas Fairlamb, John 
 Jones, John Wilson, William Heslit, Israel Whelen, William Denny, Sam- 
 uel Bond, Robert Mendenhall. 
 
 Whether these presumed to act as justices at home is unknown, hut 
 no courts were held between May 28, 1776., and Aug. 26, 1777. 
 
 April 4, 1777. — "A General Commission of the Peace for tho 
 County of Chester was issued this day, dated the 31st March, 1777, 
 and the Dedimus Potestatem for the same County was also made out, 
 dated April 10th, 1777." The justices were: 
 
 Isaac Davis, Evan Evans, James Moore, Benjamin Bartholomew, John Mackey, 
 William Gibbons, Josiiua Evans, Isaac Pearson, Daniel Grijhth, Patterson 
 Bell, John Hannum, Robert Smith, Philip Scott, Thomas Taylor, Thomas 
 Cheyuey. 
 
 After this the justices appear to have been elective, but were 
 especially commissioned to hold courts. 
 
 July 25, 1777. — " The, Council took into Consideration the returns 
 of Justices elect from several Counties, & thereupon were commis- 
 sioned accordingly." 
 
 "Agreed . . . That Thomas Levis, Tho' Boyd, Rob' Ralston, John 
 Hart, and Rich* Reiley, be appointed Justices of the Peace for the 
 County of Chester." 
 
 Aug. 22, 1777. — " Caleb Davis, Esqr., appeared in Council, & took 
 the affirmation required by the Constitution of this State to Qualify 
 him to act as one of the Justices of the Court of Common Pleas for 
 the County of Chester." 
 
 This was by virtue of his office of Prothonotary, and a resolution of 
 Council of June 11, 1777, that prothonotaries should fit as judges of 
 the Common Pleas. 
 
 July 30, 1778. — "The Council taking into Consideration the neces- 
 sity of appointing a Justice of the Peace in the neighbourhood of 
 Vincent Township, in the County of Chester, 
 
 " Ordered, That William Evans be appointed one of the Justices of 
 the Peace for the County of Chester, &, Commissioned accordingly." 
 
 About this time the county seems to have been divided into districts 
 for the election of justices. 
 
 April 27, 1779. — " A return of an Election for chusing Justices of 
 the Peace for the District of West Fallowfield, Sadsbury & West Cain 
 in the County of Chester, was read ; by which it appears that William 
 Clingan, Esq'r, & Joseph Parke, were chosen; thereupon, 
 
 "Oi dered, That Will'm Clingan, Esq'r, be appointed A Commissioned 
 to be a Justice of the Peace for the County of ■Chester." 
 
 The following letter will explain itself: 
 
 " Chester County, 28th May, 1779. 
 " Dear Sik,-^I received a letter from the Honourable George Bryan, Esq., Yice- 
 Fresident of the Supremo Executive Council of this Common Wealth requesting 
 me to Transmit an Account To you of the Justices in this County &c. The fok. 
 lowing therefore is a list of the names of all the persons mentioned In the 
 several Commissions of the peace Issued since tho Revolution with such distinc- 
 tion as his Honour requested to be mode, viz. : 
 
 " First. Isaac Davis, Sworn into Office & since Deceased. 
 2nd. Evan Evans, Sworn. 
 3d. James Moore, Ditto. 
 4th. Benjamin Bartholomew, Ditto. 
 
 5. John Mackey, a Member of Council. 
 
 6. William Gibbons, not Qualified & out of County. 
 
 7. Joshua Evans, refused to Qualify. 
 Ij. Isaac Pearson, Ditto. 
 
 9. Dan Griffith, Sworn. 
 
 10. Patterson Bell, Ditto. 
 
 11. John Hannum, Affirmed. 
 
 12. Robert Smith, Ditto. 
 
 13. Phillip Scot, Sworn. 
 
 14. Thomas Taylor, Affirmed. 
 
366 
 
 HISTORY^ OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 16. Thomaii Chej-ney, Ditto. 
 
 16. Thomas Levis, Ditto. 
 
 17. Thomas Boyd, Sworn into Office & since Deceased. 
 18.. Robert Aalston, refused to Qualify. 
 
 19. John Hart, never Qualified & out of County. 
 
 20. Richard Reyley, refused to Qualify. 
 
 21. William Evans, Sworn. 
 
 22. 'William Clingan, Ditto. 
 
 " Elections Lave been held in every District but there is no Justices in the 
 three following Districts, To wit, iirst, Chester, Upper and Lower Chichester, 
 Aston, Bethel, & Middletown ; 2^, Darby, Radnor, & Haverford ; 3*, Newtown, 
 
 East Town, Willistown, & Goshen. 
 
 " I am. Dear Sir, 
 
 " Your most ob* Serv', 
 
 "Caleb Davis. 
 
 (Directed) 
 " Timothy Matlack, Esq., Seoret'y of Council, Philadelphia."* 
 June 4, 1779. — Alexander Johnston, New London. 
 Sept. 15, 1779.— David Maokey, ujce Johnson, declined. 
 March 21, 1780. — John Pearson, Darby. 
 
 Evan Evans and David McKinney resigned Nov. 3, 1780, on account 
 of being elected to the Assembly, according to the Colonial Records, 
 but the name of McKinney (Mackey ?) does not appear in Assembly. 
 Nov. 18, 1780. — William Clingan, appointed presiding justice of the courts. 
 Nov. 17, 1781. — James Moore's resignation received, he having been elected to 
 
 Assembly. 
 Dec. 7, 1781.— William Haslet. 
 
 March 8, 1782.— Capt. Joseph Luckey, Maj. Isaac Taylor. 
 March 9, 1782.— David Mackey. 
 
 June 26, 1782. — John Beaton, Common Pleas and Orphans* Court. 
 Nov. 6, 1782. — James Moore, resigned Oct. .31, 1785 ; elected to Assembly. 
 July 31, 1783. — John Bartholomew. 
 June 5, 1784. — George Pierce, Aston ; Dan Griffith, East Nantmeal, Common' 
 
 Pleas, June 25. 
 Sept. 24, 1784. — Thomas Levis ; also Common Pleas. 
 Oct. 1, 1784.— John Ralston. 
 Oct. 9, 1784.— Thomas Cheyney, Thornbury. 
 Oct. 13, 1784. — Same commissioned j ustice of Common Pleas. 
 Jan. 21, 1785. — Philip Scott, Court of Common Pleas. 
 Oct. 31, 1785. — James Moore, Common Pleas. 
 June 16, 1786. — Persifor Frazer, Court of Common Pleas. 
 June 22, 1786. — " William Clingan was also appointed a Justice of the Peace 
 
 for the district of West Cain, Sadsbury and West Fallowfield townships, 
 
 and Justice of the Court of Common Pleas of the county aforesaid, upon a 
 
 return made agreeable to law." 
 " Note. — That Mr. Clingan preside in the Courtof Common Pleas, the Court of 
 Quarter Sessions, and Orphans' Court of the said county." 
 Oct. 9, 1786. — Adam Giiibb and Richard Hill Moriis commissioned justices of 
 
 the Peace and of Common Pleas. 
 Dec. 22, 1787.— John Pearson, Common Pleas. 
 Sept. 16, 1788. — " Charles Dilworth and John Hannum, Esquires, were appointed 
 
 and commissionated Justices of the Peace and of the Court of Common 
 
 Pleas, in and for the county of Chester, upon a return made according to 
 
 law, for the district of the town of West Chester." 
 Feb. 16, 1789. — William Haslet, Common Pleas. 
 April 11, 1789.— John Worth, Common Fleas. 
 June 5, 1789. — David Mackey, Common Pleas. 
 June 16, 1789.— Walter Finney, 
 Oct. 28, 1789.— Robert Cooper, Common Pleas. 
 Aug. 28, 1790. — John Bartholomew, Common Pleas. 
 
 In colonial days, when a general commission was issued for justices, 
 the first named was understood as the presiding judge of Quarter Ses- 
 sions, Common Pleas,- and Orphans' Court, and on the records the 
 
 OLD judges' bench. 
 
 names are mostly given in the same order as in the commission. Their 
 attendance varied at different times, and sessions of Orphans' Court 
 were often held at private houses or taverns, in different parts of the 
 county. In 1772 the number of justices at Quarter Sessions was six 
 
 ■" Archives, vii. 444. 
 
 in February, twelve in May, fifteen in August, and six in November. 
 The " bench" on some occasions would certainly need to be a long 
 one, but there were probably three or more of them. One, which has 
 survived to the present day, now finds a resting-place in the commis- 
 sioners' office, and is one of the few relics which have been preserved 
 of the old court-house. Doubtless upon it have sat John Morton and 
 many others whom posterity will delight to honor. After the consti- 
 tution of 1790 went into efiTect, it would seat all the judges, and per- 
 haps this is why it alone was preserved. A picture of it is here given. 
 The justices sat upon the bench for the last time in August, 1791. 
 
 From 1791 to 1339 justices of the peace were appointed by the 
 Governor for the different districts in the county, and held the office 
 during life or good behavior, if still residing within the district. 
 
 The following are the dates of commissions during the period: 
 
 Philip Scott, Aug. 26, 1791, Oxford, E. and W. Nottingham ; sworn Sept. 1, 1791. 
 
 John Ralston, Aug. 26, 1791, "Vincent, Pikeland, and Coventry; sworn Sept. 1, 
 1791. 
 
 Thomafi' Cheyney, Aug. 26, 1791, Birmingham, Thornbury, and Westtown ; af- 
 firmed Sept. 21, 1791. 
 
 Ezekiel Leonard, Aug. 26, 1791, East Fallowfield, East and West Bradford, New- 
 lin, and Pennsbury; affirmed Sept. 1, 1791. 
 
 Aaron Musgrave, Aug. 26, 1791, Eaattown, Willistown, and Goshen ; affirmed 
 Sept. 1, 1791. 
 
 Robert Smith, Aug. 26, 1791, Oxford, E. and W. Nottingham ; aff. Sept. 2, 1791. 
 
 Joseph Parke, Aug. 26, 1791, West Fallowfield, Sadsbury, and West Cain ; sworn 
 Sept. 2, 1791. 
 
 Stephen Moylan, Aug. 26, 1791, Eaattown, Willistown. and Goshen ; sworn Sept. 
 11, 1791. 
 
 Richard Humpton, Aug. 26, 1791, East Fallowfield, East and West Bradford, 
 Newlin, and Pennsbury ; sworn Sept. 19, 1791, 
 
 Samuel Cunningham, Aug. 26, 1791, West Nantmeal, East Cain, Honeybrook, 
 and Brandy wine ; sworn Sept. 28, 1791. 
 
 Robert Cooper, Aug. 26, 1791, Kennet, East and West Marlborough ; affirmed 
 Sept. 12, 1791. 
 
 Dennis Wheelen, Aug 26, 1791, Uwchlan and E. Nantmeal ; atT. Sept. 31, 1791. 
 
 James Hannum, Aug. 26, 1791, East and West Marlborough and £ennet ; af- 
 firmed Sept. 31, 1791. 
 
 Jonathan Pugh, Aug. 26, 1791, "Vincent, Pikeland, and Coventry ; affirmed 
 Nov. 4, 1791. 
 
 William Worthington, Jr., July 3, 1792, Easltown, Willistown, and Goshen ; 
 affirmed Aug. 2, 1792. 
 
 William Clingan, Sept 4, 1792, West Fallowfield, Sadsbury, and West Cain ; 
 sworn Sept. 3, 1792. 
 
 Robert Smith, Dec. 21, 1792, Uwchlan and E. Nantmeal ; sworn Jan. 3, 1793. 
 
 Isaac Taylor, April 10, 1793, East Fallowfield, East and West Bradford, Newlin, 
 and Pennsbury ; affirmed April 15, 1793. 
 
 Thomas Henderson, Jan. 25, 1793, Londonderry and New London ; sworn May 
 22, 1793. 
 
 Thos. Downing, Dec. 29, 1792, Uwchlan and East Nantmeal ; aff. May 24, 1793. 
 
 John Longetreth, June 10, 1793, Tredyffrin, Charlestown, East and West White- 
 land; affirmed Sept. 21, 1793. 
 
 Benjamin Brown, Jan. 17, 1794, London Britain, Newgarden, and Londongrove ; 
 affirmed Jan. 22, 1794. 
 
 John Hannum; Feb. 4, 1794, Goshen, Willistown, aud Easttown ; affirmed Feb. 8, 
 1794. " 
 
 Caleb Way, Feb. 6, 1794, West Fallowfield, Sadsbury, and West Cain; affirmed 
 Aug. 20, 1794. 
 
 John Graves, April 18, 1795, Easttown, Willistown, and Goshen ; sworn April 
 20, 1795. 
 
 Joseph Millard, March 27, 1795, East Cain, West Nantmeal, Honeybrook, and 
 Braudywine ; affirmed May 19, 1795. 
 
 Moses Marshall, April 6, 1796, East Fallowfield, East and West Bradford, New- 
 lin, and Pennsbury ; affirmed April 14, 1796. 
 
 Charles Willing, April 2, 1796, Easttown, Willistown, and Goshen; affirmed 
 May 9, 1796. 
 
 Thos. Church, Aug. 2, 1796, Coventry and E. Nautmeal ; sworn Aug. 3, 1796. 
 
 Jacob Lautls, Aug. 18, 1796, Coventry, Birmingham, Vincent, aud Pikeland ; 
 affirmed Aug. 29, 1796. 
 
 James M. Gibbons, Aug. 29, 1797, East Fallowfield, East and West Bradford, 
 Newlin, and Pennsbury; affirmed Sept 2, 1797. 
 
 Hazael Thomas, March 28, 1798, Vincent, Pikeland, Coventry ; aff. May 21, 1798. 
 
 Matthew Stanley, May 7,1798, Braudywine, Honeybrook, East Cain, and West 
 Nantmeal ; sworn June 19, 1798. 
 
 Samuel Sinclair, Deo. 11, 1798, Kennet, East and West Marlborough; affirmed 
 Dec. 26, 1798. 
 
 David Jones, Dec. 11, 1798, Honeybrook, West Nantmeal,' East Cain, and Brandy- 
 wine ; sworn Dec. 14, 1798. 
 
 Jesse Roberts, Jan. 18, 1799, Coventry, Vincent, Pikeland ; aff. Jan. 28, 1799. 
 
 Robert Miller, Feb. 8, 1799, East Cain, West Nantmeal, Houeybr^k, and 
 Braudywine ; affirmed Feb. 18, 1799. 
 
 John Smith, Feb. 26, 1799, W. Fallowfield, Sadsbury, W. Cain ; sworn Match 6 
 1799. ' 
 
 Edward Hicks, Jan. 25, 1799, Willistown, Goshen, and Easton; aff. March 15 
 1799. ' 
 
CIVIL AND JUDICIAL LISTS. 
 
 367 
 
 Nathan Scofleld, April 5, 1799, E. and W. Bradford, E. Fallowflold, Newlin, and 
 
 PennBbury ; affirmed April 22, 1799. 
 James Battin, May 3, 1799, Brandywine, W. Nantmeal, E. Cain, Honoybrook; 
 
 afflrme<> May 14, 1799. 
 Isaac Anderson, Sei.t. 27, 1799, Cbarlostown ; affirmed (for. 13, 1799. 
 Isaac Haines, Doc. 3, 1799, Goshen, Easton, and Willistown ; aff. Deo. II, 1799. 
 William Davis, Dec. 3, 1799, TredyMn, Charlestown, B. and W. Whitelandj aff. 
 
 Dec. 18, 1799. 
 James McClellan, Dec. S, 1799, W. Cain, Sadsbury, and W. Fallowfleld ; sworn 
 
 Dec. 24, 1799. 
 Enoch Yarnall, Dec. 3, 1799, Willistown, Eaattown, and Goshen ; affirmed Dec. 
 
 84, 1799. 
 Bees John, Doc. 3, 1799, Pikeland, Vincent, Coventry ; affirmed Dec. 30, 1799. 
 Francis lee. May 20, 1800, Tredyffrin, Charlestown, E. and W. Whitelandj 
 
 sworn lUay 22, 1800. 
 Charles Kenny, May 21, 1800, Birmingham, Thornbury, and Westtown ; sworn 
 
 June 14, ISOO. 
 Jesse Laverty, M»y 21, 1800, E. Fallowfield, B. and W. Bradford, Newlin, and 
 
 Pennsbury ; sworn July 5, 1800. 
 Whitehead Weatherby, May 21, 1800, Willistown, Easttown, and Goshen ; sworn 
 
 Aug. 1, 1800. 
 John Whitting, July 23, 1800, London Britain, New Garden, and Londongrove; 
 
 sworn Aug. 22, 1800. 
 Daniel Evans, Aug. 10, 1800, Ilwchlan and B. Nantmeal ; affirmed August 28th. 
 James Smithy Sept. 25, 1800, E. and W. Marlborough and Kennet; afT. Oct. IS, 
 
 1800. 
 Samuel Townsend, Oct. 1, 1801, Tincent, Pikeland, and Coventry ; aff. Jan. 1, 
 
 1802. 
 Thomas Bodley, April 2, 1802, Tredyffrin, Charlestown, B. and W. Whiteland; 
 
 affirmed May 6, 1802. 
 Charles Kenny, July 29, 1802, Willistown, Easton, Goshen (recorded Aug. 6th). 
 John Crosby, Jan. 8, 1803, Londonderry and New London ; sworn March 25, 
 
 1803. 
 
 An act of Assembly of April 4, 1803, for dividing counties into 
 districts for justices of the peace, directed that Chester County should 
 be divided into 16 districts^ which was afterwards done in this manner : 
 
 Dist. 
 
 1. West Chester, Goshen, West Whiteland. 
 
 2. East and West Bradford. 
 
 3. Westtown, Pennsbury, Thornbury, and Birmingham. 
 
 4. Kennet and East Marlborough. 
 
 6. East Fallowfield, West Marlborough, Newlin. 
 
 6. New Garden, Londongrove. 
 
 7 London Britain, New London, Londonderry. 
 
 8. Ea^ and West Nottingham and Lower Oxford. 
 
 9. Upper Oxford, West Fallowfield, and Sadsbury. 
 
 10. East Cain, West Cain. 
 
 11. Uwchlan, Brandywine. 
 
 12. Honeybrook atld West Nantmeal. 
 
 13. Coventry and East Nantmeal. 
 
 14. Vincent and Pikeland. 
 
 15. Charlestown, TredyffrJn. 
 
 16. East Wbiteland, Willistown, and Easttown. 
 
 COMMISSIONS BY DISTBICTS. 
 Dist. 
 
 12. Alexander Lockhart, Jan. 2, 1804 ; sworn Feb. 10, 18W. 
 
 10. Hugh Thompson, Jan. 2, 1804 ; sworn I^ebruary lOtb. 
 .7. William Price, Jan. 2, 1804 ; sworn May 2ad. 
 
 13. George Evans, Jan. 2, 1804 ; sworn May 30th, 
 
 12. George Evans, Feb. 26, 1805. 
 
 13. John Heister, Jr„ April 1, 1805 ; sworn April 20th. 
 
 8. William Thompson, M.D., Jan. 9, 1806 ; sworn January 24tb. 
 13. Thomas Church, Jan. 29, 1806 ; sworn February 3d. 
 
 2. Joshua Gibbons, Jan. 1, 1806; affirmed March 19, 180C. 
 13. Michael Lynch, April 1, 1806; sworn April 8th. 
 
 9. Thomas Love, April 1, 1806: sworn April 30th. 
 
 7. John Finney, Feb. 1, 1806 ; sworn May 20th. 
 
 3. Abraham Darlingtou, April 1, 1806; affirmed July 16, 1806. 
 9. Joseph Cloud, Jan. 1, 1807 ; affirmed January 20th (or 26th). 
 
 8. John McCnlloch, April 22, 1807 ; sworn May 21st. 
 
 3. Peter Harvey, Sept. 17, 1807; affirmed October 16th. 
 
 11. Methuselah Davis, Jan. 7, 1808; sworn Feb. 2, 1808. 
 
 4. James Wollaston, Nov. 8, 1808 ; affirmed December 16th. 
 13. Thomas Leighton, Nov. 8, 1808 (recorded Jan. 17, 1809). 
 
 12. William Mendenhall (no day), 1809; affirmed (recorded Feb. 21, 1809). 
 
 13. Jonathan Wynn, Feb. 10, 1809; affirmed March 21st. 
 1. Henry Fleming, April 18, 1809 ; affirmed May 3d. 
 
 4. John Craig* (the elder), April 18, 1809 ; affirmed May 12th. 
 
 5. Daniel Kent,* Feb. 19, 1810 ; affirmed March 13th. 
 
 10. Alexander Maitland, June 8, 1810; sworn July 10, 1810. 
 8, Thomas Hope, Aug. 24, 1810; affirmed September 13th. 
 7. J9hn Eeed, Jan. 5, 1811 ; sworn February Istl 
 
 11. James McFarlan,* March 23, 1811 ; affirmed May 2d. 
 
 * Still in office. May 23, 1837. 
 
 Dist. 
 
 6. Jacob Jones, Feb. 24, 1812 ; affirmed February 28. 
 
 8. James Wilson,* February 26, 1812 ; sworn March 14th. 
 
 7. Kobert M. Waugh,* March 16, 1812; sworn March 24th. 
 1. William Everhart,* March 30, 1812; affirmed April 3d. 
 
 9. David Crosby, July 6, 1812; sworn August 14th. 
 
 1. William Newlin,* March 12, 1813; affirmed March 29th. 
 16. William Brown, Oct. 1, 1813 ; affirmed November 1st. 
 
 2. Townsend Lamborn,* Nov. 11, 1813; affirmed Dec. 10, 1813. 
 16. Abram Phillips,* Feb. 14, 1814; affirmed February 25th. 
 12. Eichard Walker,* June 1, 1814; sworn June 24th. 
 
 12. Benjamin Talbot,* Feb. 8, 1816 ; affirmed February 23d. 
 
 6. Joseph Baker, Feb. 16, 1816 ; affirmed February 26th. 
 11. Samuel Culbertson,* March 7, 1815; sworn May 1st. 
 16. Daniel Abrahams, April 27, 1815 ; affirmed May 24th. 
 16. Joseph Pearce, Sept. 7, 1815; sworn November 7th. 
 10. Charles Mowry, April 17, 1816 ; sworn April 27th. 
 
 9. Samuel Wilson, April 12, 1816; sworn May 7th. 
 4. Joshua Taylor, May 14, 1816; affirmed July 4th. 
 
 7. John Finney, Jr., May 24, 1816; sworn July 8th. 
 
 13. Evan Evans,* Nov. 26, 1816 ; affirmed December 10th. 
 
 14. Nathaniel Brooke, Nov. 16, 1816 ; sworn December 17th, 
 13. Hugh Strickland, Nov. 26, 1816 ; sworn December 18th. 
 
 15. John Morgan, May 23, 1817 ; sworn June 14th. 
 
 13. Edward Anderson, June 19, 1817 ; sworn August4th. 
 
 16. Benjamin Wetherby,* Aug. 30, 1817; sworn October 6th. 
 
 13. Jonathan Hudson,* March 7, 1818 ; affirmed April 7th. 
 
 15. .loshua Jones,* May 25, 1818; affirmed July 11, 1818. 
 
 8. William McCuUough,* Jnly 7, 1818 ; sworn July 28, 1818. 
 
 14. John Beerbower,* Sept. 6, 1818 ; sworn September 2l8t. 
 
 14. George Neiler, Oct. 2, 1818 ; sworn October 20th. 
 
 16. John Hoskins, Sept. 28, 1818 ; affirmed October 22d. 
 16. Thomas Jones,* March 27, 1819 ; sworn April 9th. 
 
 8. James Hutchinson,* March 22, 1819; sworn April 10th. 
 
 10. James Wilson Brown, Jan. 16, 1820 ; sworn January 28th. 
 
 9. David Trueman, .Aug. 28, 1820 ; affirmed September 15th. 
 
 11. Josiah Philips, Oct. 14, 1820; affirmed October SIst. 
 
 4. Bobert Buffiiigton, Dec. 14,1820; affirmed January 11th, James McClellan, 
 
 Deo. 3, 1799. W. Fallowfield, Sadsbury, and W.Cain. Supersedeas March 
 8, 1821 (by an address from both houses of the General Assembly). 
 9. Joel C. Baily, March 28, 1821 ; affirmed April 16th. 
 
 5. James Walton, March 28, 1821 ; affirmed April 20th. 
 
 2. Abraham Baily, March 27, 1821 ; affirmed April 20th. 
 10. Samuel Miller,* March 27, 1821 ; affirmed May 2d. 
 
 12. Jesse James,* June 1, 1821 ; affirmed August 22d. 
 
 6. John W. Thomas,* Oct. 19, 1821 ; affirmed October 30th. 
 
 12. Jonathan Jones,* March 26, 1822 ; sworn Apiil 19th. 
 
 8. Elisha Haines, March 23, 1822 ; affirmed April 29th. 
 
 3. Walker Tarnall, March 23, 1822; affirmed May 6. 
 
 6. John Kelton,* March 26, 1822; sworn May 9th. 
 
 10. John Baldwin,* March 31, 1823 ; affirmed April 23d. 
 
 9. William H. Van Amringe,* March 24, 1823; sworn*June 17th. 
 
 15. Wesley Anderson, Sept. 22, 1823; affirmed October 9th. 
 1. Jesse McCall,* Dec. 4, 1823 ; affirmed December 16th. 
 
 16. Walter Kerr, Dec. 4, 1823 ; sworn December 29th. 
 16. Thomas Davis, Dec. 12,1823; sworn Jan. 6,1824. 
 
 9. James Monaghan,* Dec. 4, 1823 ; sworn Jan. 8, 1824. 
 
 11. Ezekiel Evans, Jr.,* Dec. 4, 1823; affirmed Jan. 12, 1824. 
 14. Major McVeagh, Dec. 4, 1823 ; sworn January 27th, 1824. 
 
 8. Amos Bye,* Dec. 4, 1823 ; affirmed Feb. 2, 1824. 
 
 13. Matthew Davis,* Dec. 12, 1823; sworn Feb. 3, 1824. James Wollaston, Nov. 
 
 8,1808. Supersedeas March 25, 1824 (recommended by both houses of 
 General Assembly). 
 16. James Dilworth, May 5, 1824 ; affirmed May 26th. 
 
 14. Alexander Marshall,* June 4, 1824; sworn June 16th. 
 
 4. Jacob Lamborn,* July 11, 1825 ; affirmed July 23d. 
 
 7. Davis Whitting,* Sept. 12, 1826 ; affirmed September 28th. 
 
 13. .Tohn Bingaman, Sept. 12, 1825 ; sworn October 3d. 
 
 14. John Ghrisman, Nov. 16, 1825 ; sworn Dec. 6, 1826. 
 
 15. Daniel McCurdy,* March 14, 1826 ; affirmed April 1st. 
 
 1. George Meredith,* May 5, 1826; affirmed May 20th. 
 
 16. Joseph Mason,* May 5, 1826 ; sworn May 26th. 
 
 13. George Lloyd,* March 6, 1827 ; aHirmed March 27, 1827. 
 13. John Davis.* March 6, 1827 ; sworn April 30th. 
 
 9. James Haslett,* Aug. 3, 1827 ; affirmed September Ist. 
 9. John Gillies,* Aug. 3, 1827; sworn September 12th. 
 
 3. John Crosgrove,* Ang. 3, 1827; affirmed September 10th. 
 16. Elijah Lewis,* Aug. 3, 1827 ; affirmed September 5th. 
 
 12. Bobert Morton,* Nov. 6, 1827; affirmed December 11th. 
 
 2. John Worth,* March 11, 1828; affirmed May 12th. 
 9. George W. Parke,* April 3, 1828 ; sworn June 9th. 
 
 4. James McFadgen,* May 12, 1828 ; affirmed May 2Uth. 
 
 1. James M. Gibbons,* Feb. 6, 1829; affirmed February 12th. 
 
 5. Joel J. Baily,* March 28, 1829 ; affirmed April 8th. 
 
 10. Christopher Wigton,* March 28, 1829; affirmed May 20th. 
 12. James Wilson Brown,* May 29, 1829; affirmed July 6th. 
 
 11. John Templeton,* May 29, 1829 ; affirmed August 5th. 
 
368 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Hist. 
 
 15. Peter Suplee * July 2, 1829 ; affirmed August 6th. 
 
 11. John M. Mullin* Nov. 10, 1829; afflrmed December 5th. 
 
 15. John Beaver • Nov. 4, 1829 ; sworn December 14th. 
 
 2. Thomas Clayton,* Nov. 23, 1829 ; eworn December Ist. 
 
 12. William Allen,* Nov. 23, 1829 ; sworn December 14th. 
 7. William Michener, March 3. 1830 ; afflrmed March 16th. 
 
 3. Abner Miller,* March 3, 1830 ; afflrmed March 18th. 
 
 3. Thomas Bennett,* April 6, 1830; afflrmed April 13th. 
 1. George Boyer, April 17, 1830; sworn April 24th. 
 
 14. Sampson Davis,* Aug. 5, 1330; sworn September 14th. 
 
 16. David C. Lee,* Feb. 23, 1831 ; sworn March 29th. 
 9. .lohn Warner,* Api-jl 18, 1831 ; afflrmed May 9th. 
 
 10. Thomas S. Valentine,* Feb. 17, 1832; afflrmed April 9th. 
 
 10. Joseph Hughes,* March 26, 1832 ; afflrmed May 1st. 
 
 11. Jonathan Worrall,* May 17, 1832 ; afflrmed July 30. 
 4 John Taggart,* June 20, 1832; afflrmed Aug. 6th. 
 
 7. Joseph Jefferis,* Dec. 3, 1832 ; afRrmed Jan. 24, 1833. 
 
 1. John T. Denny,* Feb. 9, 1833; afflrmed February 20th. 
 
 8. Jesse Goulson,* Feb. 9, 1833 ; afflrmed March 13th. 
 
 5. Kobert Wilson,* March 12, 1833; affirmed March 23d. 
 16. Thomas E. Trimble,* April 29, 1833 ; afflrmed May 6th. 
 
 2. Matthias Fennypacker,* Deo. 17, 1833 ; afflrmed Jan. 25, 1831. 
 16. Abraham Olwine,* Jan. 14, 1834; sworn February 6th. 
 
 13. Samuel Willauer,* March 7, 1834; afflrmed March 26th. 
 
 12. Beynard Way,* April 9, 1834; affirmed April 24th. 
 
 14. Edward S. Davis,* May 27, 1834; afflrmed August 5th. 
 
 9. Andrew McNeil,* May 27, 1834 ; affirmed June 13th. 
 1. Jacob Boyer,* June 6, 1835 ; afflrmed June 20th. 
 
 11. Isaac Finch,* Oct. 26, 1835 ; afflrmed November 6th. 
 
 14. George Strickland, Nov. 14, 1835 ; sworn December 14th. 
 
 15. Major McVeagh, Nov. 18, 1835 ; sworn Jan. 7, 1836. 
 
 9. Rudolph Huzzard,* Dec. 9, 1835; affirmed December 18th. 
 
 13. John Stem,* March 31, 1836; afflrmed April 11th. 
 
 4. Samuel Jacobs,.* March 30, 1836 ; affirmed May 2d, 
 
 15. Edward Garrigues, Jr., July 3, 1837 ; affirmed July 7th. 
 
 16. Nathan T. Hunt, Dec. 12, 1837 ; affirmed December 18th. 
 1. Henry Fleming, Dec. 23, 1837; affirmed December 26th. 
 
 5. Enoch Harlan, Jan. 11, 1838; afflrmed February 14th. 
 7. Mark A. Hodgsonj Feb. 9, 1838 ; sworn February 20th. 
 
 15. Ja«ob Sogers, March 7, 1838 ; affiimed February 20th (recorded March 20th). 
 
 14. Samuel Jones, Aug. 24, 1838 ; afflrmed September 2lBt. 
 9. Arthur Andrews, Aug. 24, 1838 ; sworn October 6th. 
 
 12. David H. Hackett, March 9, 1839; afflrmed March 25th. 
 
 Under the constitution of 1838 justices of the peace became elec- 
 tive in each township. 
 
 PRESIDENT JUDGES. 
 
 The constitution of 1790 provided that, until otherwise directed by 
 law, the State shtyuld be divided into circuits or districts, includin°' 
 not less than three nor more than six counties ; that a president judge 
 should be appointed by the Governor in each district, and that asso- 
 ciate judges should be appointed in each county, not fewer than three 
 nor more than four. 
 
 In the division of the States into districts, the First District was 
 composed of the counties of Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, and 
 Delaware, and the Second District of the counties of Chester, Lan- 
 caster, York, and Dauphin. 
 
 The first president judge of the Second District was William Au- 
 gustus Atlce, who was appointed by Governor Mifliin, and presided 
 over the courts of Chester County from November, 1791, to August, 
 1793. He resided at Lancaster. 
 
 He was succeeded by John Joseph Henry, also appointed by Gov- 
 ernor Mifflin, who presided from February, 1794, to May, 1800, both 
 terms inclusive. 
 
 John D. Coxe, appointed by Governor McKean, succeeded in May, 
 1800, and presided to the end of May term, 1805, though from May, 
 1803, to 180o he was often absent, and the courts were held by the 
 associates. 
 
 William Tilghman presided at August term, 1805, and February 
 term, 1806. 
 
 By an act of Assembly passed Feb. 24, 1806, the State was redis- 
 tricted. Philadelphia was constituted the First District, and the 
 counties of Chester, Delaware. Montgomery, and Bucks the Seventh 
 District. Soon after the passage of this act Bird Wilson was ap- 
 pointed by Governor MoKean president judge of the Seventh Dis- 
 trict, and presided from February, 1806, to November, 1817, when 
 he laid aside the ermine and became a clergyman of the Episcopal 
 Church. Judge Wilson was a man of talent, learning, and remark- 
 able milJness of manner and amiability of character, united with in- 
 
 flexible firmness and decision. He was distinguished for the sound- 
 ness of his decisions, and it is said that only one was ever reversed in 
 a superior court. He was held in high respect and esteem for his vir- 
 tues as a man, and his integrity, uprightness, and ability aS a presiding 
 oflicer in the judiciary department. He is still remembered by many 
 of the older citizens of Chester County. In 1813 he edited an edition 
 of Bacon's "Abridgment of the Law," a standard English worlt. 
 When he presided over the courts of this county he resided at Nor- 
 ristown. 
 
 After he left the bench he was pastor of the Episcopal Church in 
 Norristown until 1821, when he was appointed a professor in the The- 
 ological Seminary of the Episcopal Church, in the city of New York, 
 In this position he continued until June 25, 1850, a period of twenty- 
 nine years, when he resigned. As a token of respect, the trustees of 
 the seminary appointed him Emeritus Professor 'in his department. 
 He died in New York, April 14, 1859, at the age of eighty-two years. 
 
 John Ross was appointed by Governor Findley in 1818. He pre- 
 sided over the courts of the four counties composing the district from 
 February, 1818, to May, 1821. The district was then divided, and a 
 new district formed^ called the Fifteenth Judicial District, composed 
 of the counties of Chester and Delaware. Judge Ross remained the 
 president judge of the Seventh District, composed, after the division, 
 of the counties of Bucks and Montgomery, and ceased to act in 
 Chester and Delaware Counties. He resided, while presiding over the 
 courts of this county, at Easton. 
 
 Isaac Darlington was appointed by Governor Heister, president 
 judge of the new judicial district, composed of Chester and Delaware 
 Counties, May 22, 1821, and held the office until his death, April 27, 
 1839. 
 
 Judge Darlington was a man of remarkably strong intellect, and 
 of excellent attainments in the law. He was eminently prompt and 
 sagacious in perceiving the strong points of the causes before him, 
 and his adjudications were ever highly respected by the supreme 
 tribunal of the State. With the people, his opinions were treated 
 with profound respect, and so implicit was their confidence in his 
 judgment that it was enough that Judge Darlington decided a matter : 
 they never dissented from or doubted the correctness of the decision. 
 
 On the death of Judge" Darlington, Governor Porter appointed 
 Thomas S. Bell his successor. He was commissioned May 16, 1839, 
 and presided over the courts of the district from that time until his 
 appointment by Governor Shunk to a seat on the bench of the Su- 
 preme Court, Nov. 18, 1846. 
 
 The vacancy created by the translation of Judge Bell to the bench 
 of the Supreme Court was filled by Governor Shunk by the appointment 
 of John M. Forster, of Harrisburg. Judge Forster presided from De- 
 cember, 1846, until March, 1847, about three months, when his nomi- 
 nation was rejected by the Senate. He was a very courteous gentle- 
 man, hut did not seem suited to the wants of so important a district. 
 When his nomination was first made to the Senate it was confirmed, 
 but afterwards reconsidered and rejected. 
 
 On the rejection of Judge Forster, James Nill, of Chambersburg, 
 was appointed, and presided over the courts from March 23, 1847, 
 until March 18, 1848, when his nomination was also rejected by the 
 Senate. 
 
 Judge Nill possessed a fair knowledge of the law, and was especi- 
 ally well read in Pennsylvania decisions, and much interest and a 
 good deal of feeling were excited when his nomination was before 
 the Senate. The bar was divided, some maintaining that he was not 
 suited in all respects to fill the position satisfactorily, and that a 
 more acceptable nomination should be made; and others that he 
 would in time make a good judge, and that those who were against 
 his confirmation were captious and hard to please. Those opposed 
 to him, however, succeeded in procuring his rejection by a tie vote in 
 the Senate. 
 
 Governor Shunk then, at the solicitation of members of the bar of 
 the district, appointed his son-in-law, Henry Chapman, of Doyles- 
 town, who wos forthwith unanimously confirmed by the Senate. Judge 
 Chapman presided over the courts of the district with great accept- 
 ance, and to the entire satisfaction of the bar and the people, until 
 the expiration of his term of office under the provisions of the amend- 
 ments to the constitution, which made the office elective. His presi- 
 dency extended from March 18, 1848, to Dec. 2, 1851. He was solicited 
 by members of both political parties to become a candidate for the 
 oflice under the elective system, with the assurance that it was not 
 hkely any candidate would be placed in the field against him ; but he 
 
CIVIL AND JUDICIAL LISTS. 
 
 369 
 
 declined; it not being convenient for him to reside in the district, 
 agreeably to the requirements of the amended constitution. 
 
 Townsend Haines was elected president judge nt the general elec- 
 tion in October, 1851, — the opposing candidate being Hon. Thomas 
 S. Bell,— commissioned by Governor Johnston, Nov. 6, 1851, and pre- 
 sided during the constitutional term of ten years, from the first Mon- 
 day of December, 1851, to the first Monday of December, 1861. 
 
 He was succeeded by William Butler, who was elected at the gen- 
 eral election, Oct. 8, 1861 , the opposing candidate being Joseph Herap- 
 hill. Judge Butler was commissioned by Governor Curtin, Nov. 20, 
 1861, entered upon his duties Dec. 2, 1861, and in 1871 was re-elected 
 for another term. He continued to preside with marlted ability and 
 dispatch over the increasing business of the courts until Feb. 24, 1879, 
 when, owing to his appointment as United States district judge for 
 the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, he resigned his former position. 
 
 J. Smith Futbey was appointed by Governor Hoyt, Feb. 27, 1879, to 
 act until the first Monday in January, 1880, and in November, 1879, 
 was elected by the people for a full term, there being no opposing can- 
 didate. 
 
 ASSOCIATE JUDGES. 
 
 The constitution of 1790 provided that the Governor should appoint 
 associate judges in the various counties, not less than three nor 
 more than four in each, to hold their offices during good behavior. 
 
 The first associate judges in Chester County were Joseph Shippen, 
 of Westtown; Walter Finney, of New London; aud James Moore, 
 of West Nantmeal. They were appointed by Governor Mifflin, Aug. 
 17, 1791. Benjamin Jacobs, of West Whiteland, was appointed July 
 3, 1792, thus filling up the full number allowed to each county. 
 
 Judge Shippen owned and probably resided at first on the farm now 
 of Francis J. Darlington, in Westtown. He also owned and in 1794 
 was living on the farm now of George Khoads, in the same township. 
 He belonged to a prominent Philadelphia family, and did not remain 
 in our county. He held the judgeship until Dec. 28, 1792, when he 
 resigned, and on Jan. 5, 1793, Samuel Evans was appointed first asso- 
 ciate judge in his stead. Samuel Evans only held the ofiice until 
 June 29, 1793, when he resigned, having removed to Lancaster 
 County. He was succeeded by James Boyd, of (now) Penn township, 
 who was appointed by Governor Mifflin on Nov. 1, 1793, to tai^e 
 rank according to the date of his commission. These four — Finney, 
 Moore, Jacobs, and Boyd — were associates together until 1802, when 
 Judge Moore died, and John Kalston, of Vincent, was appointed, 
 April 7, 1802, by Governor McKean in his stead. On the Slst of 
 March, 1803, the commission of Judge Jacobs was vacated, and on the 
 same day Governor McEean filled the vacancy thus created by the 
 appointment of John Davis, of TredyflFrin. 
 
 Judge Jacobs was a well-educated man, had studied law, and was 
 a practical surveyor and conveyancer. He was a son of John Jacobs, 
 who was long a leading man in the county, and who was elected some 
 fifteen years in succession (from 1762 to 1776) a member of Assembly, 
 and was during one session Speaker of that body. 
 
 Judges Finney, Boyd, Ralston, and Davis were associates together 
 until the death of Judge Finney, in September, 1820. 
 
 The Legislature in 1803 passed an act providing that when a va- 
 cancy should thereafter happen in any county, by the death, resigna- 
 tion, or removal from office of any associate judge, that the Governor 
 should not supply the same until the number of associates should be 
 thereby reduce! to less than three, and that then he should commis- 
 sion so many as would complete that number in each county and no 
 more. The object of the law was to reduce the number of associates 
 in each county to three. In 1806 an act was passed reducing the 
 number, in a similar manner, to two. Accordingly, on the death of 
 Judge Finney, in 1820, no appointment was made to fill the vacancy. 
 
 Judge Boyd died Aug. 10, 1821, thus reducing the number to two. 
 Judges Ralston and Davis. 
 
 Judge Ralston died Sept. 1, 1825, in the eighty-first year of his age, 
 and Cromwell Pearcc, of East Whiteland, was appointed by Governor 
 Shulze, by commission dated Sept. 5, 1825, to succeed him. Judge 
 Davis died in 1827, and Governor Shulze appointed Jesse Sharp, of 
 New Garden, in his place. His commission is dated Jan. 26, 1827. 
 
 It will be observed that Judge Finney occupied the bench twenty- 
 nine years; Boyd, twenty-eight years; Ralston, twenty-three years; 
 and Davis, twenty-four years. They all attained to a good old age, 
 and during the latter years of their lives some of them were not able 
 to render miich service, 
 
 47 
 
 Judges Pearce and Sharp were associates together until the resigna- 
 tion ot Judge Pearce, in 1839, on account of defective hearing, when 
 Governor Porter appointed Thomas Jones, of East Whiteland, for the 
 term of five years, under the provisions of the amended constitution 
 of 1838. 
 
 Judge Sharp's term expired, under the provisions of the amended 
 constitution, on Feb. 27, 1841, when he was reappointed by Governor 
 Porter for the constitutional term of five years. On the expiration of 
 this term, in February, 1846, he was reappointed for another term by 
 Governor Shunk. He resigned in December, 1847, on account of the 
 infirmities of increasing years, having occupied the bench a period of 
 nearly twenty-one years. 
 
 Judge Sharp was a man of excellent character, and during the long 
 period of his services was a general favorite with the members of the bar, 
 and enjoyed the respect and confidence* of the citizens of the couny 
 generally. At a meeting of the members of the bar, held Dec. 17, 
 1847, on the occasion of his resignation, the following paper was 
 adopted : 
 
 " The membei-s of the bar of Chester County having learned that the Hon. 
 Jesse Sharp, for twenty years an associate judge of the courts of said county, 
 has resigned his commission and is about to retire from the bench, tliey deem it 
 due, as well to him as to their feelings, to offer some testimonials of their regard 
 for his services, and their sentiments of esteem fur himself; therefore, 
 
 " Remlved, That during the long period of his public services Judge Sharp 
 has performed his ofBcial duties with integrity and impartiality, and with a due 
 regard to the public interests, while on all occasions be has manifested courtesy 
 and kindness to the members of the bar. 
 
 " Reaolved, That in parting; with a long-tried, faithful, and meritorious officer 
 they would do injustice to their feelings were they to withhold the expression 
 of their gratitude for bis services, regret at his retirement, and their kind 
 wishes for his future health and happiness." 
 
 On the resignation of Judge Sharp, Nimrod Strickland, of West 
 Chester, was appointed by Governor Shunk to succeed him, by com- 
 mission dated Jan. 31, 1848. 
 
 Judge Jones' term of five years expired Feb. 19, 1844, when he was 
 reappointed by Governor Porter. At the expiration of his second 
 term, in February, 1849, he retired from the bench, and Governor 
 Johnston appointed Samuel Shafer, of South Coventry, to succeed 
 him. 
 
 Judges Strickland and Shafer occupied the bench until the expira- 
 tion of their term of office, on the 1st of December, 1851, under the 
 provisions of the amendments to the constitution, making the office 
 elective. 
 
 At the general election* in 1851 Samuel Shafer and Joseph Hodgson 
 were elected for five years, commissioned by Governor Johnston, 
 and took their seats on the first Monday of December following. The 
 opposing candidate to Joseph Hodgson was Judge Strickland. Judge 
 Shafer received the united votes of both political parties, no candi- 
 date being run in opposition to him, — an evidence of his extreme 
 popularity both in his private and official capacity, a. compliment 
 very rarely bestowed, and as deserved as it was generous. He held 
 the office until his death, April 26, 1856, at the age of sixty-six years 
 and one month. 
 
 Robert Parke, of Sadsbury township, was commissioned by Gover- 
 nor Pollock, May 9, 1856, for the remainder of the term for which 
 Judge Shafer had been elected. 
 
 Judge Hodgson was a resident of Penn township, and a grandson 
 of Judge Boyd, already noticed. At the expiration of his official 
 term of five years he declined a re-election. 
 
 At the general election in 1856 Nimrod Strickland and William 
 Wollerton were elected, and commissioned by Governor Pollock for 
 the term of five years from the first Monday of December following, 
 when the terms of Judges Hodgson and Parke expired. The oppo- 
 sing candidates were Robert Parke and John P. Baily. 
 
 Judge Strickland was elected canal commissioner in October, 1857, 
 and on assuming the duties of that office, in January, 1858, resigned 
 the judgeship, when Governor Packer, by commission dated Jan. 21, 
 1858, appointed John P. Baily, Esq., of West Chester, a member of 
 the bar, to fill the vacancy until the first Monday of December then 
 next. 
 
 In October, 1858, Robert Parke was elected in opposition to Judge 
 Baily, commissioned by Governor Packer, and took his seat again 
 on the bench Dec. 6, 1858. 
 
 In October, 1861, John P. Baily was elected to succeed Judge Wol- 
 lerton, who declined a re-election, and commissioned by Governor 
 Curtin for the term of five years from the first Monday of December. 
 
370 
 
 IIISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Andrew Buchanan ran in opposition to him. In 1866 he was re- 
 elected over Cheyney Nielda for another term of five years. 
 
 In 1863, Benjamin J. Passmore, of West Chester, formerly of East 
 Nottingham, was elected to succeed Judge Parke, over Hibberd Evan?, 
 of Willistown, and commissioned by Governor Curtin for the term 
 of five years from the first Monday in December; was re-elected in 
 1868 over Eber W. Sharp, of New Garden, and commissioned for 
 another term of five years by Governor Gcar.v, and elected for a third 
 term in 1873, over Lewis Baker, of Londonderry, and commissioned 
 by Governor Hartranft. He died March 4, 1875, having served one 
 year and three months of his third term. 
 
 In 1871, Joel Ilawley, of Uwchlan, was elected to succeed Judge 
 Baily, over John Ralston, of Iloneybrook, and commissioned by Gov- 
 ernor Geary, and held the office until the expiration of his term of 
 five years, on Dec. 4, 1876. 
 
 On the death of Judge Passmore no successor was elected, the new 
 eonslitution having abolished the office on the death, resignation, or 
 expiration of term of any of the incumbent.-J, and Judge Hawley was 
 the only associate from the death of Judge Passmore until the expi- 
 ration of his own term of office. 
 
 Judges Hodgson, Parke, Wollerton, and Ilawley are still living.- 
 
 In the early days of the judges they were always escorted from 
 their lodgings to the court-bouse and back again, at each session of 
 court, by two tipstaves, one going before and the other behind, carry- 
 ing their insignia of office, the long pole ; the one in advance, if the 
 passage was obstructed, calling, in a. loud voice, " Clear the way for 
 the Honorable Court!" This practice, derived from England, was 
 abandoned in the early, part of the present century as not suited to 
 the genius of our people. 
 
 The following persons have been criers of the courts. The list 
 probably embraces nearly all who have acted in that capacity since the 
 courts have been held in West Chester: 
 
 1, John Taylor; 2, Tliomas Evans; 3, Cyrus Carpenter; 4, Job Wickersham; 
 5, George Callanan; 6, Gustavua Macartney; 7, Benjamin S. Bates; 8, 
 George Ehreuzeller; 9, James Sweney. 
 
 For many years the tipstaves were detailed by the judges at each 
 term of court from the constables of the county, taking them in ro- 
 tation until all had served. Those selected were permitted to substi- 
 tute persons acceptable to the court in their stead, if they did not wish 
 to serve themselves. A? a general rule, the constables whose duty 
 it was to serve substituted persons residing in West Chester, who 
 eagerly sought the position. Sometimes persons desirous of acting 
 as substitutes would ascertain from the clerk of courts the names of 
 constables whose turn it was to act, and meet them on the morning 
 of court before they reached the town, for the purpose of securing 
 appointments. About 1845 this system of selecting tipstaves was 
 abolished, and since then they have been annually appointed by the 
 court. 
 
 PKOVINCIAL COURT. 
 
 Prior to 1790 the Court of Oyer and Terminer, for the trial of the 
 higher crimes and appeal, was held by the justices of the Provincial 
 or Supreme Court, who made a circuit of the counties at stated times. 
 With few exceptions the records of this court have not been met with, 
 but from the colonial records some information has been gleaned. 
 
 A sitting of this court was held at Chester, 8th mo. 3, 1698, before 
 Joseph Growdon and Cornelius Empson, to hear an appeal in a suit 
 between Thomas Thomas and Morgan James. Another session was 
 held Oct. 2, 1705, before John Guest and Jasper Yeates, when the 
 Governor's commission to John Guest, Joseph Growdon, Jasper Yeates, 
 Samuel Finney, and William Trent, or any two of them, was read. 
 David Lloyd, attorney for the defendant on that occasion, showed the 
 justice's commission to be defective, and they could do nothing. 
 
 The following appear to have been the judges of this court: 
 
 May 29, 1G84.— Nicholas More, William Welch,* William Wood, Robert Turner, 
 
 John Eckle} . 
 Sept. 14, 1685. — James Harriaon, James Claypoole, Arthur Cook. These declined 
 
 to serve, and the Council heard the appeals. 
 March 31, 1686.— Arthur Cook, William Clark, John Cann. 
 Sept. 26, 1680. — Arthur Cook, John Simcock, James Harriaon. 
 April 2, 1G87. — Same recunimissioned. 
 
 April 2, 1690.— Arthur Cook, William Clark, Joseph Growdou. 
 Sept. 5, 1690.— Arthur Cook, John Simcock, Joseph Growdon, Peter Alnchs, 
 
 Thomas Wynne. 
 
 * William Welch died before 7, 10, 1684, and William Clark was appointed iu 
 his room. I 
 
 Nov. 21, 1690.— John Simcock, William Clark, Arthur Cook, Griffith Jones, Ed- 
 ward Blake. 
 
 May 29, 1693.— Andkew Kobebon, C.J., William Salway, John Cann, Edward 
 Blake. 
 
 Aug. 10, 1694. — Anthony Morris (vice Cann, deceased), 
 
 Oct. 3, 1698 (in office). — Joseph Growdon, Cornelius Empson. 
 
 April 18, 1699.— Edward Shippen, Cornelius Empson, and William Biles held 
 court at Chester. 
 
 Aug. 20, 1701.— John Guest, William Clark, Joseph Growdon (declined), Ed- 
 ward Shippen, Robeit French (declined?), Caleb Pusey, Thomas Masters. 
 
 1702.— John Guest, William Clark, Edward Shippen, Thomas Masters, Samuel 
 Finney. 
 
 1703. — William Claek, Edward Shippen, Thomas Masters, Samuel Finney. 
 
 April 10, 1704.— William Clark, John Guest, Jasper Yeates, Samuel Fiuney, 
 Mniliam Trent. 
 
 1705.— John Guest, Joseph Growdon, Jasper Yeates, Samuel Finney, W^illiam 
 Trent, 
 
 April 17, 1706. — Roger Mompesson, Joseph Growdon, Jasper Yeates, Samuel 
 Finney, Williaoi Trent. 
 
 Nov. 20, 1707.— Joseph Growdon, C.J. 
 
 Dec. 2, 1707. — Jasper Yeates. 
 
 April 8, 1708.— Samuel Finney. 
 
 March 16, 1711.— Joseph Gkowdon, Samuel Finney, Richard Hill, Jonathan 
 Dickinsuu. 
 
 June 10, 1715. — Joseph Growdon, William Trent, Jonathan Dickinson, George 
 Roche.f 
 
 Feb. 16, 1717.— David Llotd, Jasper Yeates, Richard Hill, William Trent. 
 
 Sept. 23, 1717. — David Lloyd, Jasper Yeates, Richard Hill, Jonathan Dickinson. 
 
 Feb. 15, 1718.— David Llotd, Jasper Yeates, Richard Hill, William Trent. 
 
 June 2, 1722.— David Lloyd, Richard Hill, Robert Assheton. 
 
 Sept. 20, 1726. — David Lloyd, Richard Hill, Jeremiah Langhorne. 
 
 April 9, 1731.— Isaac Nokbis, Jeremiah Langhorne, Dr. Thomas Graeme, 
 
 Aug. 20, 1731.— James Logan, in place of Isaac Norris, declined. 
 
 April 9, 1733. — James Logan, Jeremiah Langhorne, Thomas Graeme. 
 
 Aug. 13, 1739,— Jeremiah Langhorne, Thomas Graeme, Thomas Griffitts. 
 
 April 5, 1743.— John Kinsey, Thomas Graeme, William Till. 
 
 Sept, 20, 1750. — William Allen, Lawrence Growdon, Caleb Cowplaud. 
 
 April 8, 1758. — William Allen, Lawrence Growdon, William Coleman. 
 
 April 8, 1760. — Same recommissioned. 
 
 March 20, 1761.— Same recommissioned. 
 
 March 21, 1764.— Alexander Stedman, in stead of Lawrence Growdon. 
 
 Sept. 14, 1767. — William Alll-n, William Coleman, John Lawrence, Thomas 
 Willing. 
 
 April 29, 1774.— Benjamin Chew, John Lawrence, Thomas Willing, John 
 Morton. 
 
 July 28, 1777. — Thomas McKean. 
 
 Aug. 17, 1777. — William Augustus Atlee, John Evans. 
 
 April 3, 1780.— George Brj-an. 
 
 Feb. 26, 1784.— Jacob Busli. 
 
 Jan. 31, 1791.— Edward Shippen. 
 
 March 21, 1791.— Jasper Yeates. 
 
 Dec. 18, 1799.— Edward Shippen, 
 
 Of the foregoing chief justices, Simcock and Lloyd were citizens 
 and McKean a native of this county. Among the puisne or associate 
 judges, Simcock, Pusey, and Cowpland were citizens and John Mor- 
 ton and John Evans born in the county. 
 
 " Chester, May 31, 1750. 
 
 "Sir,— Please to pay to James Mather the sum of seven Pounds seventeen 
 
 shillings and Five Pence in full of his Account of Expeuces of the Judges, the 
 
 Attorney General, Clerk of the Crown and a servant, during the Court of Oyer 
 
 & Terminer and General Goal Delivery held at Chester the 2S*»i 2d^ and 30*^ of 
 
 this Instant, 
 
 „„ , „ *'Tho: Graeme. 
 
 " To the Treasurer of 
 
 the County of Chester." 
 
 May 26, 1752.— A similar order was given by Will : Allen Law*" 
 Growdon and Caleb Cowpland. 
 
 Nov. 29, 1752.— The bill was for £6 7s. 3d. At this term James 
 Rice, alias Dillon, was tried for murder, and the bill of costs in his 
 case amounted to £8 Os. 9rf., including £1 16**., the attorney-general's 
 fee. In Thomas Kelly's case the costs amounted to £6. 
 
 COMFORT BILLS PAID BY THE COUNTY FOR THE EN- 
 TERTAINMENT OP COURTS AND OTHER PUBLIC FUNC- 
 TIONARIES. 
 
 In 1745 the following bill was allowed and paid by the proper au- 
 thorities : 
 For commissioners, assessors, justices, and grand jury : 
 
 £ s.d. 
 
 Wine 2 8 
 
 l'»nch 3 
 
 More wine 5 4 
 
 Puoch 3 
 
 £ 8.d. 
 
 Nimbo 2 8 
 
 One 6oZe broke 2 
 
 Total 18 
 
 t Roche being absent from the country, Robert Assheton was appointed in his 
 stead, June 12, 1716. 
 
CIVIL AND JUDICIAL LISTS. 
 
 371 
 
 . The following is a bill of "Justices Expenses at the Court of 
 and Terminer, November 1752" : 
 
 Oler 
 
 £ a.d. 
 
 Punch 1 6 
 
 Sling 6 
 
 Three dinners 4 6 
 
 8 half peck of oats 4 
 
 Bowll of punch 16 
 
 Bowll of punch 16 
 
 Oats 6 
 
 Bowll of punch 16 
 
 Bowll of punclu 16 
 
 Wloe 2 6 
 
 Suppers 6 
 
 Punch 10 
 
 Liquor 6 
 
 8 half peck oats 4 
 
 Bittere 3 
 
 CordittU 10 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Punch 3 
 
 Punch 3 
 
 Wine & bitters. , 16 
 
 8 breakfasts 80 
 
 Quart wine & bitters 3 
 
 Punch 3 
 
 7 dinnei-s 10 6 
 
 Puuoh 3 
 
 8 half peck of oats 4 
 
 6Snppei-B 60 
 
 Corcliall 10 
 
 To wine 10 
 
 Two nights hay for 8 horsoa... 16 
 
 leading 
 was his 
 £ 1. d. 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 6 
 
 1 6 
 
 3 
 
 1 6 
 
 1 6 
 1 6 
 7 6 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 1 6 
 
 6 
 1 6 
 4 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 3 
 1 
 
 tavern at Chester, the county- 
 bill against the judges, etc. : 
 £ 
 
 To 3 breakfasts 
 
 Ye mens breakfast 
 
 Quart beer for ye men 
 
 Bowlepunch 
 
 Bowie punch fur ye men.. 
 
 6 dinners & clubs 
 
 Quart punch 
 
 Ye mens dinners, bowle 
 
 punch, quart beer 
 
 Tea 
 
 Bowie punch for men 
 
 Bowie puucli, 2 quarts beer 
 
 & 1st Wine 
 
 6 suppers &. clubs 1 
 
 Ye mens suppers & bowle 
 
 punch 
 
 4 lireakfasts 
 
 ye mens breakfiists 
 
 56 quarts oats & hay 
 
 scat 
 
 «. d. 
 
 3 
 
 1 6 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 1 6 
 18 
 
 1 6 
 
 6 
 1 6 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 5 6 
 
 4 
 1 6 
 
 15 
 
 James Mather kept the 
 in 1755, and the following 
 
 To Quart Wine 
 
 Bowlepunch 
 
 First wine 
 
 Bowlepunch 
 
 Quart Wine 
 
 Bowlepunch 
 
 Bowie punch for three 
 
 men 
 
 Bowlepunch 
 
 11 Dinneis 
 
 6 quarts beer cider 
 
 Bottle claret 
 
 5 mens diuners 
 
 Bowie punch 
 
 Punch for Constables 
 
 First Wine 
 
 Tea 
 
 2 quarts cider 
 
 1 bottle claret 
 
 1 Quart Wine 
 
 1 Bowie punch 
 
 6 suppers & clubs 
 
 Ye mens buppers & bowle 
 
 punch 
 
 " Pay to James Mather the sum of ten pounds two shillings and 
 two pence for the entertainment of the Judge & Clerk of the Crown 
 at a Court of Oyer & Terminer held at Chester for the County of 
 Chester the 26th day of August, after laying the within account be- 
 fore the Commissioners of the County for their Allowance. 
 
 '■27th August 1755. 
 
 " Will Allen 
 " Lawe Growdon 
 " Caleb Cowpland 
 
 "To THE High Sheriff of the 
 CoDNTY OF Chester." 
 
 ATTOKNEYS-GENERAL FOR THE PROVINCE 
 
 AND DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. 
 From the establishment of the colonial government, in 168.3, to the 
 year 1793, a period of one hundred and ten years, the criminal busi- 
 ness of Chester County was conducted on the part of the prosecutions 
 by the attorney-general in person. In the latter year the first deputy 
 attorney-general was appointed, and from thence to the year 1850 the 
 pleas of the Commonwealth were prosecuted by deputies appointed 
 by the attorneys-general, with the exception of a brief period, which 
 will be noticed hereafter. In 1850 an act of Assembly was passed 
 creating the office of district attorney, and since then officers elected 
 in pursuance of the provisions of this act have conducted the prose- 
 cutions. 
 
 The attorneys-general of the province prior to 1790 were commis- 
 sioned as follows : 
 
 Oct. 25, 1683, John White ; Jan. 16, 1685, Samuel Hersent (commission revoked) ; 
 Nov. 17, 1685, John White (special) ; April 24, 1686, David Lloyd ; May 19, 
 1698, John Moore; 1700, William Assheton; 1701, Par. Parmyter; April 5, 
 1705, George Lowther; June 24, 1708, Thomas Clarke;* 1710, Robert Quarry; 
 March 6, 1717, Henry Wilson ; Sept. 24, 1717-24, Andrew Hamilton; Sept. 
 26, 1726-38, Joseph Growdon, Jr. (died 1738) ; July 6,1738-41, John Kinsey; 
 1741-54, Tench Francis; 1764-69, Benjamin Chew; Nov. 4, 1769-[1776], An- 
 drew Allen; July 28, 1777, Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant; Aug. 31, 1777, 
 John Morris, 2>ro (em.; Aug. 21, 1778, Joseph Beed ; Nov. 23, 1780, William 
 Bradford, Jr. 
 Andrew Hamilton, appointed in 1717, was one of the most extra- 
 ordinary men who lived during the early provincial history of Penn- 
 sylvania. He was probably the greatest lawyer of his time in this 
 country, and a man of irrepressible energy and character. Besides 
 
 * At a court of Quarter Sessions held May 25, 1708, " Thomas Clark appeared 
 in open court and was qualified attorney-general for the county of Chester, 
 according to law." 
 
 being attorney-general, he became president of the Executive Coun- 
 cil, Speaker of the House of Assembly, and filled several other 
 stations with integrity and ability. "Bush Hill," where he resided, 
 he received, with other lands, for his services to the Penn family. 
 His son, James Hamilton, was repeatedly Governor of Pennsylvania 
 between the years 1748 and 1771. 
 
 Joseph Growdon, Jr., attorney-general from 1726 to 1738, was 
 also a ju Ige of the Supreme Court from 1705 to 1715, and chief justice 
 from 1715 to 1718, and was a man of some legal and literary distinction. 
 He involved himself in a conflict with the provincial government by 
 publishing comments upon the character of William Penn. The 
 Growdons came to the province at a very early date, and for nearly 
 a century seem to have been connected in different ways with its 
 courts and bar. William Rawlo is said to have been a descendant. 
 
 John Kinsey, attorney-general from 1738 to 1741, became chief 
 justice in 1743, prior to which he had been in extensive practice. He 
 was undoubtedly an educated lawyer, as well as a man of fine natural 
 parts. 
 
 Tench Francis, attorney-general from 1741 to 1755, was one of the 
 most eminent lawyers of the province. He was a relative of Sir 
 Philip Francis, the reputed author of the celebrated "Letters of Ju- 
 nius," and was the maternal grandfather of Chief .Justice William 
 Tilghman. 
 
 Benjamin Chew, the ninth attorney-general, received his profes- 
 sional education at the Temple, in London. He was attorney-general 
 from 1755 to 1769, and was president judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas of Philadelphia. In 1774 he was appointed chief justice of 
 Pennsylvania, but, being opposed to the Revolution, he retired from 
 the bench in 1776, the last chief justice of the crown. In 1790 he 
 became president of the High Court of Errors and Appeals of Penn- 
 sylvania, and continued in that relation until the abolition of that 
 court, in 1806. He was for a long time at the head of his profession, 
 and died in 1810, at the age of eighty-seven years. 
 
 Andrew Allen was the last attorney-general under the king. He 
 had also been a member of Congress, and of the Committee of Safety. 
 On the breaking out of the Revolution— to which he was opposed — 
 he put himself under the protection of Gen. Howe, at Trenton. He 
 was faithful to his master, and his estates were confiscated by the new 
 government, to whose sovereignty he refused to submit. He went to 
 England, where he died in 1825, at the age of eighty-five years. He is 
 said to have been a very accomplished man. He was a grandson of 
 Andrew Hamilton, already noticed. 
 
 In 1777 the bills of indictment on file in the clerk's office are signed 
 by "John Morris, Jr.," as attorney for the Commonwealth. 
 
 From 1778 to 1793 the attorneys-general who signed the bills of 
 indictment were Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant, from 1778 to 1780; 
 William Bradford, Jr., from 1780 to 1791; and Jared Ingersoll, from 
 August, 1791, to February, 1793. 
 
 At May sessions, 1793, the first deputy attorney-general officiated 
 in our courts. The following is a list of the deputies of the attorneys- 
 general from the latter year to the year 1850, with the names of the 
 attorneys-general by whom they were respectively appointed : 
 
 Robert Frazer, from May, 1793, to February, 1800 ; appointed by 
 Jared Ingersoll. 
 
 John Sergeant, from May, 1800, to May, 1803 ; appointed by Joseph 
 B. McKean. 
 
 Thomas Sergeant, at August sessions, 1803; appointed by the same 
 attorn ey-general. 
 
 William Hemphill, from November, 1803, to November, 1808; ap- 
 pointed by the same attorney-general. 
 
 John Duer, Jr., from February, 1809, to April, 1816; appointed 
 successively by Walter Franklin, Richard Rush, and Jared Ingersoll. 
 Robert Frazer, at July and November sessions, 1816 ; appointed by 
 Jared Ingersoll. 
 
 Isaac D. Barnard, from January, 1817, to November, 1820; ap- 
 pointed successively by Amos Ellmaker and Thomas Sergeant. 
 
 Isaac Darlington, at January and April sessions, 1821 ; appointed 
 by Thomas Elder. While holding the office of deputy attorney-gen- 
 eral, Mr. Darlington was appointed president judge of the new judicial 
 district, composed of the counties of Chester and Delaware, and was 
 succeeded by 
 
 William H. Dillingham, from July, 1821, to November, 1823; ap- 
 pointed by Thomas Elder. 
 
 Thomas S. Bell, from January, 1824, to May, 1828; appointed by 
 Frederick Smith. 
 
372 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Henry H. Van Amringe, fropi August, 1828, to August, 1829; ap- 
 pointed by Amos Ellmaker. 
 
 Philip S. Marklcy was attorney-general of the State from August, 
 1829, to February, 1830. He appointed no deputy in Chester County, 
 but prosecuted the pleas of the Commonwealth here in person. He 
 resided at Norristown. 
 
 Henry H. Van Amringe, from May, 1830, to February, 1835; ap- 
 pointed successively by Samuel Douglass, Ellis Lewis, and George 
 Mifflin Dallas 
 
 Joseph J. Lewis, at May, August, and NoTember sessions, 1835; 
 appointed by George M. Dallas. 
 
 William Darlington, during the years 1836, 1837, and 1838; ap- 
 pointed successively by James Todd and William B. Heed. 
 
 Joseph Hemphill, from 1839 to 1844, both inclusive, six years; ap- 
 pointed by Ovid F. Johnston. 
 
 John Hickman, during the year 1845, and January and April ses- 
 sions, 1846; appointed by John K, Kane. 
 
 Joseph J. Lewis, at July and October sessions, 1846 ; appointed by 
 John M. Read. 
 
 John Hickman, at January sessions, 1847; appointed by Benjamin 
 Champneys. Mr. Hickman resigned. 
 
 John H. Brinton, from April, 1847, to July, 1848; appointed by 
 Mr. Champneys. 
 
 Washington Townsend, at October sessions, 1 848, appointed by James 
 Cooper ; and at January session, 1 849, appointed by Cornelius Darragh. 
 
 J. Smith Futhey, from April sessions, 1849, to November sessions, 
 1850, both inclusive; appointed by Cornelius Darragh. Mr. Futhey 
 was the last of the deputies of the attorneys-general who prosecuted 
 in this county. 
 
 These deputies held their office at the pleasure of the attorney-gen- 
 eral, and a new appointment had therefore to be made on the acces- 
 sion of each attorney-general, cither of the old deputy or a new one. 
 
 In 1850 an act of Assembly was passed creating the office of dis- 
 trict attorney, and making the officer elective by the people. The 
 following are the members of the bar who have filled this office : 
 
 Paschall Woodward, from November, 1850, to September, 1853, 
 when he resigned and removed to the West. 
 
 J. Smith Futhey, at October sessions, 1853, — the remaining session 
 of Mr. Woodward's term ; appointed by the Court. 
 
 J. Smith Futhey, by election, from November, 1853, to Nov., 1856. 
 
 William Butler, from November, 1866, to November, 1859. 
 
 Wayne McVeagh, from November, 1859, to November, 1862. 
 
 Henry M. Mclntire, elected in. October, 1862; died in January, 
 1863, from wounds received in the service. 
 
 James J. Creigh, appointed his successor by the court in January, 
 1863, to hold until the next election. 
 
 James J. Creigh, by election, from November, 1863, to Nov., 1866. 
 
 Francis C. Hooton, from November, 1866, to November, 1869. 
 
 George F. Smith, from November, 1869, to November, 1872. 
 
 Abraham Wanger, from November, 1872, to January, 1876. 
 
 James H. Bull, from January, 1876, to January, 1879. 
 
 Thomas W. Pierce, from January, 1879, to the present. 
 
 COUNTY OFFICERS. 
 
 While Pennsylvania was a province the various offices now usually 
 known as the county offices — prothonotary, register of wills, recorder 
 of deeds, clerk of the Orphans' Court, clerk of the Court of Quarter 
 Sessions, and clerk of the Court of Oyer and Terminer— were filled by 
 appointments made by the proprietary government. Under the con- 
 stitution of 1776 the incumbents received their appointments from 
 the Supreme Executive Council and General Assembly, and under the 
 constitution of 1790 from the Governor. They became elective by 
 virtue of the provisions of the constitution of 1838. 
 
 From 1777 to 1821 the offices of prothonotary and clerk of the 
 Orphans' Court, and of the Courts of Quarter Sessions and Oyer and 
 Terminer, were filled by the same persons, by virtue of distinct com- 
 missions. From 1821 to 1824 one person held the offices of prothono- 
 tary and clerk of the Court of Oyer and Terminer, and one person the 
 offices of clerk of the Orphans' Court and of the Court of Quarter 
 Sessions. From 1777 to 1824 the offices of register of wills and re- 
 corder of deeds were held by the same persons. 
 
 From 1824 to 1836 the same persons held the offices of prothonotary 
 and clerk of the Courts of Quarter Sessions and Oyer and Terminer. 
 From 1824 to 1828 the offices of clerk of the Orphans' Court and regis- 
 ter of wills were united in the same person. From 1828 to 1836 the 
 
 office of clerk of the Orphans' Court was not connected with any other 
 office, but held by a separate officer. 
 
 From 1824 to the present time the office of recorder of deeds has 
 been held separate from the other offices, and since 1828 the office of 
 register of wills has been held in like manner. 
 
 From 1836 to the present time the office of prothonotary has been 
 held distinct from the others, and the offices of clerk of the Orphans' 
 Court and of the Courts of Quarter Sessions and Oyer and Terminer 
 have been filled by the same officer. 
 
 PROTHONOTARY. 
 Prior to 1777 this office was generally, if not always, filled by the 
 elerk of Quarter Sessions, Orphans' Court, etc. In the 2d Archives, 
 ix., 674-75, we find that Robert Asshcton was commissioned prothono- 
 tary in 1712 ; Joseph Parker, as clerk of peace and prothonotary, Feb. 
 16, 1733-34; and Henry Hale Graham, as prothonotary, clerk of 
 courts, and recorder, in 1770. Since 1777 the office has been held by 
 Benjamin Jacobs, appointed March 22, 1777, and April 4, 1777. 
 Caleb Davis (vice Benjamin Jacobs, declined), appointed June 20, 1777. 
 William Gibbons, appointed by Governor Mifflin in 1791. 
 Daniel Hiester, appointed by Governor McKean, Jan. 6, 1800. ' 
 Jesse John, appointed by Governor Snyder, Feb. 1, 1809. 
 John G, Wersler, appointed by Governor Findlay, March 25, 1818. 
 Thomas Davis, appointed by Governor Hiester, Feb. 29, 1821. 
 William Williamson, appointed by Governor Shulze, Jan. 17, 1824. 
 David Townsend, appointed by Gov. Shulze, Aug. 3, 1827. 
 Dr. William Darlington, appointed by Governor Sbulze, Aug. 17, 1827. 
 John W. Cunningham, appointed by Governor Wolf, Feb. 15, 1830. 
 Benjamin I. Miller, appointed by Governor Bitncr, Jan. 26, 1836. 
 Samuel FiiiUerton, appointed by Governor Porter, Feb. 2, 1839 ; elected under 
 
 constitution of 1838, and recommissioned Nov. 14, 1839. 
 Abner M. Chamberlain, uomniissioued Nov. 12, 1842. 
 James Dfivis, commissioned Nov. 17, 1845. 
 Samuel B. Thomas, commissioned Nov. 25, 1848. 
 William WoUerton, commissioned Nov. 22, 1851. 
 James Bayard Jefferis, comnnssioned Nov. 10, 1854. 
 Jacob Gilbough, commissioned Nov. 10, 1857. 
 Emmor B. Lamborn, commissioned Nov. 19, I860. 
 Franklin Haines, commissioned Nov. 16, 1863. 
 Alfred Rupert, commissioned Nov. 16, 1866. 
 Seneca G. Willauer, commissioned Nov. 20, 1869. 
 John A. Rupert, commissioned Nov. 19, 1872. . 
 Hannum Baldwin, commissioned Dec. 28, 1875. 
 James Lynch, commissioned Dec. 28, 1878. 
 
 It will be observed that David Townsend was appointed prothono- 
 tary and clerk of the Courts of Quarter Sessions and Oyer and Ter- 
 miner on Aug. 3, 1827, and that Dr. William Darlington was com- 
 missioned his successor on Aug. 17, 1827, only two weeks thereafter. 
 The explanation is that William Williamson, who had been prothono- 
 tary and clerk from January, 1824, resigned, and David Townsend, 
 who was then cashier of the B.ink of Chester County, deeming the 
 salary which he received inadequate, accepted an appointment as the 
 successor of William Williamson, and resigned as cashier. The direc- 
 tors of the bank, however, finding they could not well dispense with 
 his services, induced him to give up those offices, and to remain as 
 cashier, with increased compensation, and Dr. Darlington was ap- 
 pointed prothonotary and clerk of courts in his stead. 
 
 It will also be observed that Daniel Hiester was prothonotary from 
 1800 to 1809, under Governor McKean, and register and recorder 
 from 1821 to 1824, under Governor Hiester. This latter appointment 
 he received in consequence of his relationship to the Governor. 
 
 REGISTERS OF WILLS. 
 
 Prior to 1714 all Chester County wills were taken to the register- 
 general in Philadelphia and filed there. An act passed in 1712 di- 
 rected the appointment of deputies in the difi'erent counties ; but even 
 after such appointment many wills, and especially from the north- 
 eastern parts of the county, were taken to Philadelphia up to near 
 the time of the Revolution. The first will on record here is that of 
 Edward Beeson, of Nottingham, proven March 9, 1713-4. 
 
 In the absence of any record of commissions before the Revolution, 
 the dates of service of the deputy registers for Chester County are 
 taken from the administration books, as follows : 
 
 John Simoock, from 1714 to May, 1716. 
 
 Joseph Parker, from Aug. 14, 1716, to Jan. 12, 1769. 
 
 Henry Hals Graham, from March 5, 1759, to Feb. 13, 1777. 
 
 The following are the dates of commissions from 1777 to 1878. Caleb 
 Davis acted as deputy for Thomas Taylor from March 27 to June 9, 1778. 
 
''»at.v.:j>., -■ .-'A. . 
 
CIVIL AND JUDICIAL LISTS. 
 
 373 
 
 March 26, 1777, Thomas Taylor. 
 April 6, 1782, John Beaton. 
 April ^, 1786, Poraifor Trazer. 
 April 7, 1792, Stephen Moylan. 
 Dec. 13, 1793, John Hannum. 
 Dec. 6, 1798, Richard M. Hannum. 
 Jan. 6, 18U0, John Christie. 
 Feh. 22, 1804, James Bones. 
 Jan. 12, 1806, John Smith. 
 Jan. 12, 1809, Charles Kenny. 
 March 26, 1818, Jesse Sharp. 
 Feh. 28, 1821, Daniel Hiester. 
 Jan. 17, 1824, Joseph Pearce. 
 April 23, 1828, Eber Worthington. 
 Feb. 16, 1830, Kobert Ralston. 
 April 29, 1833, Nimrod Strickland. 
 
 Jan. 26, 1836, 
 Feb. 2, 1839, 
 Nov. 12, 1842, 
 Nov. 17, 1845, 
 Nov. 26, 1848, 
 Nov. 22, 1861, 
 Nov. 10, 1864, 
 Nov. 10, 1857, 
 Nov. 19, 1860, 
 Nov. 17, 1863, 
 Nov. 14, 1866, 
 Nov. 20, 1869, 
 Nov. 19, 1872, 
 Dec. 28, 1876, 
 Deo. 30, 1878, 
 
 James Walker. 
 Jesse Conlson.* 
 George W. Parke. 
 Henry Buckwalter. 
 William Baker. 
 Alexander Leslie. 
 Hickman James. 
 Amariah Strickland. 
 Dr. Charles L. Seal. 
 George 0. M. Eicholtz. 
 Hampton S. Thomas. 
 Levi G. McCauley. 
 Lewis H, Evans. 
 George H. Paxton. 
 William S. Underwood. 
 
 RECORDERS OF DEEDS. 
 
 At a court held Aug. 22, 1683, "John Bezer offered two Deeds to 
 bee Recorded, one from Jn** Harding t& another from Will"" Hewes, 
 but y' Records of Land being not there it was deferred." 
 
 The first deed recorded in Chester County appears to h.ave been the 
 grant from Urin Keen, for a lot on which Chester meeting-house was 
 built, dated 1st month 1st, 1688, and Inrooled the 10th day of the 
 same month. The next was from Charles Pickering to David Loyd, 
 for 197 acres at Chester, Inrooled 4th month 3d, 1688. 
 
 At the top of the second page of Book A ig a deed from Governor 
 Markham to Peter Eriokson, dated the last day of November, 1681, 
 which is indorsed : " Inrooled the 30"" day of the fourth month, 1688, 
 per me, John Bristow, Deputy Mr. Roots for the County of Chester." 
 
 But few documents were put on record prior to the 1st of 5th month 
 (July), 1688, after which the recorder seems to have been pretty busy 
 for a time. 
 
 RECORDERS (OR DEPUTY MASTERS OF THE ROLLS). 
 John Bristow, in office 1, 10, 1688. 
 Joshua ffearne, 1, 25, 1691. 
 Robert Eyre (?), 1, 26, 1693. 
 John Childe, 11, 3, 1695. 
 Henry Holliugsworth, 10, 10, 1700. 
 Peter Evans, commission from Thomas Story, 2, 17, 1706. 
 JohnSimcock, " " " 11,28,1707. 
 
 Feb. 24, 1707-8, " John Simcock's Commission for holding the office 
 of Inrollment was publickly read in open Court." 
 
 An act papsed in the session of 1714^15 makes the prothonotary or 
 county clerk of Chester County to be recorder of deeds until removed 
 by the justices of the Quarter Sessions, bond to be £200. 
 
 John Simcock was acting in 1714, and probably continued to be 
 recorder until 1716, when perhaps George Teates succeeded him, as he 
 was clerk of courts in 1717. Richard Marsden was clerk or deputy 
 1719-23, but was employed about the ofiice as early as 1716. Joseph 
 Parker became clerk in 1724, and continued in office till about the 
 time of his death, in 1766, though Henry Hale Graham was associ- 
 ated with him for some years previously. Uuder Joseph Parker, 
 Robert Parke was a clerk for some time, and his record of deeds from 
 May, 1731, to January, 1736, is about the neatest specimen of writing 
 in the office. Henry Hale Graham wrote a peculiarly bold and even 
 hand, which is well known to those who frequent the county offices. 
 He held the office until 1777, since which time the following persons 
 have been recorders, and the dates of their commissions are given : 
 
 March 25, 1777, Thomas Taylor. 
 April 6, 1782, John Beaton. 
 April 8, 1786, Persifor Frazer. 
 April 7, 1792, Stephen Moylan. 
 Dec. 13, 1793, John Hannum. 
 Dec. 6, 1798, Richard M. Hannnm. 
 Jan. 6, 1800, John Christie. 
 Feb. 22, 1804, James Bones. 
 Jan. 12, 1806, John Smith. 
 Jan. 12, 1809, Charles Kenny. 
 March 26, 1818, Jesse Sharp 
 Feb. 28,1821. Daniel Hiester. 
 Jan. 17, 1834, Stephen Marshall. 
 Feb. 15, 1830, Nimrod Strickland. 
 April 29, 1833, Robert Ealston. 
 Jan. 26, 1836, Edward Bartholomew. 
 
 Feb. 2, 1839, George Hartman.f 
 Nov. 12, 1842, Abner Williams. 
 Nov. 17, 1846, William McCullough. 
 Nov. 25, 1848, Edward H. Hibbard. 
 Nov. 22, 1861, Thomas Walter. 
 Nov. 10, 1854, Robert F. Hoopes. 
 Nov. 10, 1867, Thomas S. Taylor. 
 Nov. 19, 1860, Jonas G. Bossert. 
 Nov. 17, 1863, David Andrews. 
 Nov. 14, 1866, Dilwyn Parker. 
 Nov. 20, 1869, John A. Groff. 
 Nov. 19, 1872, C. Burleigh Hambleton- 
 Dec. 22, 1S75, Edwin Bateman.]: 
 Dec. 18, 1877, Franklin P. Ash. 
 Dec. 13, 1880, Harry Sloyer. 
 
 • * Elected under constitution of 1838, and rcoommisaioned Nov. 14, 1839. 
 
 t Elected under the constitution of 1838, and recommissioned Nov. 14, 1839. 
 
 t Mr. Bateman died Ang. 28, 1876, and the office was filled by his deputy, 
 Sbarplesa M. Paxson, till January, 1878. 
 
 In 1830, Governor Wolf appointed Nimrod Strickland recorder of 
 deeds, and Robert Ralston register of wills. In 1833, on his re-elec- 
 tion as Governor, he reversed the order, and appointed Mr. Strickland 
 register of wills and Mr. Ralston recorder of deeds. This was prob- 
 ably done to equalize the offices in value to the incumbents, that of 
 register being most valuable, and Mr. Strickland having been an ap- 
 plicant for it in the first instance. 
 
 Richard M. Hannum, who succeeded John Hannum as register and 
 recorder in 1798, was his son, and was appointed on the death of his 
 father. 
 
 Previous to the coming of William Penn, and for more than twenty 
 years after, deeds were acknowledged in "open court," and a minute 
 made thereof by the clerk, both on the deed and on the court record. 
 In 1705 an act was passed for the acknowledgment of deeds before a 
 justice of the court in presence of the recorder. 
 
 CLERK OF COURTS. 
 At the first sitting of the Upland court of which we have any 
 
 record, held Nov. 14, 1676, "The Cc' ordered that M'. William Tom, 
 
 the former Clarke, should deliver unto the p'sent Clarke, Eph : Her- 
 man, the Records and other publicq bookes and wrytings belonging 
 
 to this Court." 
 
 Since the date of the charter for Pennsylvania, March 4, 1681, the 
 
 following have been clerks of courts : 
 
 Thomas Revell, Sept. 13, 1681, to Ang. 22, 1683. 
 
 Robert Eyre, Oct. 17, 1683, to December, 1689. 
 
 Joshua Fearne, September, 1690, to April 18, 1693. 
 
 John Childe, June 13, 1693, to March, 1699-1700. 
 
 Henry HoUingaworth, June 11, 1700, to Feb. 22, 1708-9. 
 
 John Simcock, May 24, 1709, to 1716(7). 
 
 Richard Marsden, deputy, 1713 to November, 1716 (7). 
 
 George Yeates, clerk, 1717. 
 
 Richard Marsden, clerk or deputy, 1719 to 172,'i. 
 
 Josiph Parker, 1724 to 1766 (7). 
 
 Henry Hale Graham, 1766 to 1777. 
 
 From this time we have the dates of commission of those holding 
 
 the office, viz. : 
 
 Caleb Davis (clerk of all the courts), July 1, 1777. 
 
 William Gibbons (clerk of all the courts), 1791. 
 
 Daniel Hiester (clerk of all the courts), Jan. 6, 1800. 
 
 Jesse John (clerk of all the courts), Feb. 1, 1809. 
 
 John G. Wersler (clerk of all the courts), March 25, 1818. 
 
 Thomas Davis (clerk of Oyer and Terminer), Feb. 28, 1821. 
 
 Henry Fleming (clerk of Orphans' Court and Quarter Sessions), Feb. 28, 1821. 
 
 William Williamson (Quarter Sessions and Oyer and Terminer), Jan. 17, 1824. 
 
 Joseph Pearce (Orphans' Court), Jan. 17, 1824. 
 
 Joseph Pearce (Orphans' Court), Dec. 21, 1826. 
 
 David Townsend (Quarter Sessions and Oyer and Terminer), Aug. 3, 1827. 
 
 Dr. Wm. Darlington (Quarter Sessions and Oyer and Terminer), Aug. 17, 1827. 
 
 Simeon Siegfried (Orphans' Court), April 23, 1828. 
 
 John W. Cuningham (Quarter Sessions and Oyer and Terminer), Feb. 15, 1830. 
 
 George Fisher (Oi-phans' Court), Feb. 16, 1830. 
 
 John W. Cuningham (Quarter Sessions and Oyer and Terminer), April 29,1833. 
 
 George Fisher (Orphans' Court), April 29, 1833. 
 
 P. Eraser Smith (Orphans' Court), May 2, 1835. 
 
 Horatio G. Worrall (cl'erk of all the courts), Jan. 26, 1836. 
 
 James M. Kinnard (clerk of all the courts), Feb. 2, 1839. 
 
 James M. Kinnard (eilected), recommissioned Nov. 14, 1839. 
 
 Cheyney Nields, commissioned Nov. 12, 1842. 
 
 Alexander Marshall, commissioned Nov. 17. 1845. 
 
 Thomas P. Williams, commissioned Nov. 25, 1848. 
 
 James Sweney, commissioned Nov. 22, 1851. 
 
 Thomas W. Parker, commissioned Nov. 10, 1864. 
 
 Addis M. Ayars, commissioned Nov. 10, 1867. 
 
 Thomas P. Evans, commissioned Nov. 19, 1860. 
 
 Thomas H. Windle, commissioned Nov. 17, 1863. 
 
 James E. McFarlan, commissioned Nov. 16, 1866. 
 
 William H. Guie, commisfcioned Nov. 20, 1869. 
 
 James H. Wynn, commissioned Nov. 19, 1872; died Oct. 31, 1874. William W. 
 Scott appointed, Feb. 17, 1876i by Governor Hartranft to fill vacancy. 
 
 William W. Scott, elected in November, 1876, for the regular term, and com- 
 missioned Dec. 22, 1875. . . 
 
 Pierce Hoopes, Jr., commissioned Dec. 30, 1878. » 
 
 SHERIFFS. 
 During the jurisdiction of the Dutch on the Delaware, an officer 
 called a schout performed duties somewhat similar to those of sheriff, 
 and the office was continued for some time under the English. Thus, 
 on Feb. 28, 1669, a commission was granted by Governor Lovelace to 
 Hermans Fr^derickson to be schout at the Hoare-Kill, and although, 
 at a council held at Fort James (New York) May 17, 1672, it was 
 
374 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 agreed upon for " the office of Schout to be Converted into a Sherriff 
 for the Corporation and River, and that he be annually Chosen," yet 
 we find the following : 
 
 " Upon the return of a double number from the Inhabitants at the "Whorekill 
 in Delaware Bay for Schout & Cdmissary, I do approve of Hermans Freder- 
 ick Wiltbank to.be Schout, & of Ottho "Wolgast, William Claessen & Isaac Savo 
 to be CSniisaarys for y space of one year ensuing, after vf^ time they are to 
 make a new return. 
 
 " Given under my hand at Fort James in New Tork August y* first 1672." 
 
 " Francis Lovelace, Esq' &c. 
 
 " "Whereas Capt. Edmond Cantwell is one of the two persons whose names are 
 returned unto me, out of woii to make choice of one to be High Sheriflf in Dela- 
 ware River, having conceived a good Opinion of the Fitness and Capacity of the 
 s^ Edmond Cantwell to offlciate in that Imployment; I have therefore Nomi- 
 nated and Appointed, and by these presents do hereby Nominate and Appoint 
 him the said Edmond Cantwell in the place of Schout to be High Sheriff in 
 New Castle and Delaware River, for the Year ensuing of the w'=i» all persons 
 concerned are to take Cognizance, and to give him that respect and obedience 
 as is due to his Ofiice : And the &^ High Sheriff is to Enjoy in his s<^ Imploymen*^ 
 all the Perquisite & Priviledges of a Schout: In all other Matters he is to be 
 regulated by the Laws of this Governm* & such Orders and Direcdns as from 
 time to time he shall receive from me. 
 
 " Given under my Hand and Seal at Fort James in New Tork the 2"* day of 
 August in the 24^1^ Year of his Majesties Reign, Annoq D6mi 1672." 
 
 William Tom had been commissioned receiver of quit-rents on Bel- 
 aware River Aug. 10, 1669, but, having since resigned, Capt. Cant- 
 well was authorized Aug. 7, 1672, to receive the arrears of rents, for 
 which purpose he was to have an " Authentick List out of the ree- 
 ords." In 167.S the Dutch resumed control, and Peter Alriohs was ap- 
 pointed schout, but this lasted little more than a year, and the Eng- 
 lish were again the rulers. Capt. Cantwell was sheriff from 1676 until 
 the arrival of Gov. Markham, in 1681, when John Test succeeded him, 
 and served as sheriff of Upland till the arrival of Penn. Upon the 
 division of the province into three counties, his residence falling into 
 Philadelphia County, he was continued in that office there, and 
 Thomas Usher appointed the first sheriff of the new county of Ches- 
 ter. 
 
 Under the " Charter of Privileges," granted by Penn in 1701, the 
 inhabitants of each county were authorized to choose two persons to 
 present to the proprietary for the office of sheriff, one of whom 
 should be commissioned by him to serve for three years. The sheriffs 
 were appointed under this charter until the adoption of the constitu- 
 tion of 1776. That constitution provided that two persons should be 
 elected annually in each county, one of whom should be commis- 
 sioned by the president of the State. The constitution of 1790 con- 
 tained a similar provision, except that the term of service was three 
 years, and the commission was issued by the Governor. The amended 
 constitution of 1838 provided that but one person should be elected. 
 
 The following is a siimple minute of Provincial Council, Oct. i, 
 1736, in regard to elections; 
 
 " For the County of Chester, John Owen & Denjamin Davis being returned 
 for Sherifs, and John Wharton & Robert Parke for Coroner, John Owen is 
 appointed Sherif, and John Wharton Coroner." 
 
 The following is a list, believed to approximate very nearly to com- 
 pleteness, of those who have filled the office from the year 1676 to the 
 present time, a period of over two hundred years. From 1786, when 
 West Chester became the seat of justice of the county, the residences 
 of the sheriffs at the time of their election are given: 
 
 Capt. Edmund Cantwell, 1676-81. 
 John Test, Sept. 1681-82. 
 Thomas Usher, Nov. (?) 1682-83. 
 Thomas Withers, Dec. 1683-84. 
 Jeremy Collett, Jan. 1684-88. 
 Ihos. Usher, June, 1686, April, 1687. 
 Joshua Fearne, June, 1 687, June, 1689. 
 George Foreman, Aug. 1689, March, 
 
 1691-2. 
 Caleb Pusey, June, 1692, April, 1G93. 
 Joseph Wood, April 28, 1693-97. 
 Andrew Job, Dec. 1697-1701. 
 John Hoskius, June, 1701-8. 
 John Simoock, 1708. 
 John Hoskins, 1700. 
 Henry Worley, 1715. 
 Nicholas Fairlamb, Oct. 3, 1717-19. 
 John Crosby, Oct. 4, 1720. 
 John Taylor, Oct. 4, 1721-28. 
 John Owen, Oct. 4, 1729-31. 
 
 Jolm Parry, Oct. 3, 173^-34. 
 John Owen, Oct. 3, 1735-37. 
 John Parry, Oct. 4, 1738-39. 
 Benjamin Davis, Oct. 3, 1740-42. 
 John Owen, Oct. 4, 1743-45. 
 Benjamin Davis, Oct. 4, 1746-48. 
 John Owen, Oct. 8,1749-51. 
 Isaac Pearson, Oct, 4, 1762-54, 
 John Fairlamb, Oct. 4, 1756-58. 
 Benjamin Davis, Oct. 4, 1759-61. 
 John Fairlamb, Oct. 4, 1762-63. 
 Philip Ford, Oct. 4, 1764-66. 
 John Morton {vice Ford, dec'd) Oct, 28, 
 
 1766-68. 
 Jesse Maris, Oct. 5, 1769-71. 
 Henry Hayes, Oct. 6, 1772-73. 
 Nathaniel Vernon, Oct. 6, 1774-75. 
 Robert Smith, March 29, 1777. 
 Charles Dilworth, Oct. 17, 1778. 
 Robert Smith, Nov. 21, 1778. 
 
 David Mackey, Oct. 16, 1779. 
 John Gardner, Oct. 19, 1780. 
 William Gibbons, Birmingham, Oct. 
 
 20, 1783. 
 Ezekiel Leonard, West Bradford, Oct. 
 
 13, 1786. 
 Charles Dilworth, Birmingham, Oct. 
 
 17, 1789. 
 Col. Joseph McClellan, West Chester, 
 
 Oct. 13, 1792. 
 Ezekiel Leonard, West Bradford, Oct. 
 
 17, 1795. 
 William Worthington, West Goshen, 
 
 Oct. 13, 1798. 
 James Bones, West Chester, April 17, 
 
 1801. 
 James Kelton, Londongrove, Oct. 21, 
 
 1801. 
 Jesse John, Vincent, Oct. 16, 1804, 
 Titus Taylor, Westtown, Oct. 22, 1807. 
 George Hartman, West Pikeland, Oct. 
 
 25, 1810, 
 Jesse Good, Londonderry', Oct. 22, 1813. 
 Cromwell Pearce, East Whiteland, 
 
 Oct. 19, 1816, 
 Samson Babb, West Chester, Oct. 21, 
 
 1819, 
 Jesse Sharp, New Garden, Oct, 15, 
 
 1822, 
 Jonathan Jones, Willistown, Oct, 29, 
 
 1825. 
 Oliver Alison, Londongrove, Oct. 30, 
 
 1828. 
 Peter Osborne, Pennsbury, Oct. 28, 
 
 1831. 
 
 Robert Irwin, West Fallowfleld, Oct. 
 
 25,1834. 
 Joseph Taylor, East Marlborough, Oct. 
 
 24, 1837. 
 Willi.im Rogers, East Vincent, Nov. 
 
 9, 1840. 
 Nathan Frame, West Chester, Nov. 1, 
 
 1843, 
 Clinton Frame, West Chester (appt'd 
 
 13th), March 20, 1844, 
 James Bayard Wood, Londongrove, 
 
 Nov. 7, 1844. 
 Brinton Darlington, Pennsbury, Oct. 
 
 21, 1847, 
 Davis Bishop, WillistoM'n, Oct 30, 
 
 1850, 
 Lewis Heifelfinger,.West Vincent, Nov. 
 
 4, 1853, 
 David McNutt, NewUn, Oct. 29, 1856. 
 Jacob Heffelfinger, West Vincent, Nov. 
 
 8, 1859. 
 Rees Welsh, Honeybrook, Nov, 7, 
 
 1862. 
 Pusey J. Nichols, Oxford, Nov. 3, 1865. 
 De Witt Clinton Lewis, West Chester, 
 
 Nov. 2, 1868. 
 Davis Gill, Willistown, Nov. 1, 1871. 
 William B. Morrison, West Brandy- 
 wine, Jan. 2, 1875. 
 James E. McFarlan, West Chester, 
 
 Dec. 31, 1877. 
 George R. Hoopes, West Chester, Dec. 
 13, 1880. 
 
 It will have been observed that from the early organization of the 
 province to the year 18:18 the voters were directed to choose two per- 
 sons for the office, although only one of them could be commissioned. 
 The idea originated with the proprietary, and was designed to give 
 him a choice in making the appointment. The ordinary course was 
 for each elector to vote for one candidate; the two highest thus voted 
 for were returned to the Governor, and he usually oommissioned the 
 one having the greatest number of votes. 
 
 In 1807, however, at a time of high party 'excitement. Governor 
 MoKean exercised his right to select either of these returned, and 
 commissioned the one having the lowest vote. George Hartman and 
 Titus Taylor were returned, and Titus Taylor, the lowest in vote, being 
 in political sympathy with the Governor, received the commission. 
 In order to prevent a repetition, and to compel the Governor to com- 
 mission a member of the dominant party, the course was thereafter 
 adopted of each elector voting for two candidates. Those returned 
 being by this course usually both of the political party in the ma- 
 jority, the Governor bad no motive to select the one rather than the 
 other, and the highest in vote was always thereafter commissioned. 
 The people of this county whose memories extend back to the adop- 
 tion of the constitution of 1838 will remember that the tickets they 
 voted for sheriff always contained the names of two persons. 
 
 William Gibbons was sheriff when the oounty-seat was removed to 
 West Chester, in 1786. Charles Dilworth was the last sheriff elected 
 previous to the division of the county, and Joseph McCIellan the first 
 after the county was reduced to its present limits, in 1789. Ezekiel 
 Leonard was twice elected, — once, in 1786, by the old county, and 
 again, in 1795, after the division of the county.' Of those who have 
 filled the ofiice since 178.S, two were simply appointed to fill vacan- 
 cies,— James Bones, appointed in 1801, to fill the unexpired term of 
 William Worthington, who resigned in April, 1801, in consequence, 
 it is said, of some difficulties with the commissioners ; and Clinton 
 Frame, who was appointed in March, 1844, in place of his father, 
 Nathan Frame, who had been elected in 1843, and died after filling 
 the office about four months. 
 
 Since the year 1777 (and probiibly generally before that period) all 
 the sherifi-3 have been natives of the county except three,— James 
 Bones, who emigrated from Ireland ; William Worthington, who came 
 from Bucks County; and James Bayard Wood, who was born in the 
 State of Delaware. 
 
 In 1781, John Gardner was unanimously elected sheriff, not a soli- 
 tary vote being cast for any other person. 
 
 The practice of advertising by candidates for the office was intro- 
 duced into Chester County, so far as can be ascertained, about th« 
 
CIVIL AND JUDICIAL LISTS. 
 
 375 
 
 year 1Y70. The following, tuken from Dr. Smith's " History of Dela- 
 ware County," is a specimen advertisement of that date : 
 
 " To the FreelioldATS and oOtars, electors of the Borough and County of Chester. 
 
 " Gentlemen, — When I reflect on the honour done, and confidence placed in 
 me, by the freemen of tliis county for a number of yours post, it affords me a 
 matter of joy, and emboldens me at this time to offer myself as a candidate for 
 the sheriff's office, for which purpose I humbly request your votes and interest 
 at the ensuing election, which kindness, gentlemen, shall be greatfully acknowl- 
 edged and kept io remembrance by yonr assured friend. 
 
 "RinnAKD Bakee." 
 
 The " humble request," however, did not induce a majority of the 
 electors to cast their votes for the candidate, as Jesse Maris, who did 
 not advertise at all, was elected. 
 
 This was the only office in former days for which candidates sought 
 the suffrages of the people. 
 
 The practice of electioneering, now so universal, was never resorted 
 toby candidates in the olden time. It has, in a great measure, grown 
 up within the last thirty years. 
 
 CORONERS. 
 
 At a court held 6, 5, 1684, the sheriff and clerk complain of the 
 non-payment of their fees, and it was ordered that execution be 
 granted to levy the same. 8, f, 1684, " James Keneln, Coroner, made 
 returne of an Execution granted against John Johnson att this Cort, 
 held the 5th day of the 6th month, 1684, att the Complaint of Thomas 
 Wither, Shreife." 
 
 At a court held at Chester "y" 1st 3d day in the 1st weeke of j« 
 7th mo"" 1685," "Vpon y? Petition of James Kenela, Ciowner, it 
 was ordered that forthwith Execution be granted against Henry 
 Renolds for j» Crowner's fees, Charge of Inques*. and taking up j" 
 dead Body of y' said Renold's maide, with all other Charges what- 
 soever, thereunto belonging.'* 
 
 8, 6, 1685. — "Jeremy CoUett made returne of an Execution granted 
 y® last Court against Henry Renolds for Crowner's fees and Consta- 
 ples Charges, Ac, dated y« 4"', 7"* moneth 1685, which he levied on 
 an Oxe, Apraised at 4^ : 10^." 
 
 "Henry Renolds came into Couit and made full satisfaction for the 
 said Oxe, "Whereupon the Court Ordered him his Oxe againe." 
 
 Jacob Simcock, coroner, made return of several inquests to the 
 court held 8, 4, 1698. Joseph Holt and Isaac Warner were drowned 
 in the river near Tinicum, by the upsetting of the boat by wind; the 
 inquest being held 8, 3, 1698. Sarah, child of W™. Vestal, was 
 drowned 3, 3, 1696, in Birmingham, in a small pond of water. Joane, 
 daughter of Edward Pritchet, was drowned at Ridley Creek 3, 2, 1696. 
 Nathaniel Duckett came to his end 2, 1, 1697, in one of the fitts that 
 he was formerly subject to. Alexander Fulton, of the ship " Charles," 
 of London, was drowned by falling out of a cannow on the 27th of 
 September, 1697. Robert Stevenson was drowned by a sudden gust 
 upsetting his boat 7, 23, 1698. John Barnskill, going from Chester 
 to Philadelphia in a ferry-boat, it was upset by a sudden gust of wind 
 and he was drowned, 7, 23, 1698. 
 
 ^ On the 12»'> of 1" mo"'', 1700, Jacob Simcock reported the deaths of 
 Alexander Minrow, Ann Cruett, Samuel Sallaway, and Sarah Baker. 
 Respecting the last, "wee can find noe other but that it pleased 
 Almighty God to visit her with death by the force of Thunder." 
 
 Comparatively few of the coroners' returns are to be found. At a 
 court held 6, 26, 1707, Henry Hollingsworth, coroner, was ordered to 
 take with him twelve men and inquire into the death of a certain child 
 which was brought dead to John Rentrow's house (now Londongrove). 
 
 The following have been coroners of this county, and the dates of 
 commission are given from 1717 to 1838 : 
 
 James Kennerly, in ofBce 1684. 
 Jacob Simcock, in office 1696. 
 Henry Hollingsworth, in oiHce 1707. 
 Henry Worley, in office 1710. 
 Jonas Sandelands, Oct. 3, 1717-20. 
 Kobert Barber, Oct. 4, 17-21. 
 John Mendenhall, Oct. 4, 1726-27. 
 Kobert Parke, Oct. 3, 1728. 
 Abraham Darlington, Oct. 4, 1729. 
 John Wharton, Oct. 3, 1730-31. 
 Anthony Shaw, Oct. 3, 1732-33. 
 John Wharton, Oct. 4, 1734-36. 
 Stephen Hoskins, Oct. 4, 1737. 
 Aubrey Bevan, Oct. 4, 1738-42. 
 Thomas Morgan, Oct. 4, 174:J-45. 
 Isaac Lea, Oct. 4, 1746-50. 
 
 Joshua Thomson, Oct. 3, 1761. 
 John Kerlin, Oct. 4, 1752. 
 Joshua Thomson, Oct. 3, 1753-60. 
 Philip Ford (vice Thomsou, deceased). 
 
 May 22, 1761-62. 
 Davis Bevan, Oct. 4, 1763-64. 
 Abel Janney, Oct. 4, 1765. 
 John Trapnall (him Janney, resigned), 
 
 May 27, 1766. 
 Joseph Gibbons, Jr., Oct. 4, 1768-70. 
 John Crosby, Jr., Oct. 5, 1771-72. 
 John Bryan, Oct. 4, 1773-76. 
 David Denny, Nov. 21, 1778. 
 Allen Cuningham, Oct. 19, 1780. 
 Benjamin Eue, Oct. 12, 1782. 
 John Harper, Oct. 20, 1783. 
 
 Isaac Thomas, Oct. 14, 1786. 
 John Harper, Oct. 13, 1786. 
 John Underwood, Oct. 15, 1787. 
 Nathan Scholfleld, Oct. 17, 1789. 
 James Bones, Dec. 19, 1794. 
 Joshua Weaver, July 16, 1798. 
 Jacob Bighter, Nov. 4, 1800. 
 Kobert Miller, Oct. 27, 1803. 
 Ephraim BuSBngton, Oct. 31, 1805. 
 Jacob Bighter, Dec. 8, 1808. 
 Joseph Pearce, Dec. 2, 1811. 
 Jesse McCall, Dec. 15, 1814. 
 Joel 0. Bailey, Oct. 23, 1817. 
 Emmor Bradley, Nov. 9, 1820. 
 Same, Nov. 25, 1823. 
 Anthony W. Olwine, 1826. 
 Davis Brooke, Nov. 6, 1829. 
 
 Benjamin J. PasBmore, Nov. 3, 1832. 
 
 Thomas Ervin, Nov. 6, 1836. 
 
 William Taggart, Oct 30, 1838. 
 
 Hezekiah Jackson, 1841. 
 
 Daniel Nields, 1844. 
 
 Thomas Walker, 1847. 
 
 David Williams, I860.. 
 
 Hashabiah Clemens, 1863. 
 
 Bobcrt McNeely, 1866. 
 
 Benj. Franklin Smith, 1859. 
 
 Joseph W, Barnard (appointed), 1862. 
 
 Same (elected), 1863. 
 
 Same, 1866. 
 
 William H. Turner, 1869. 
 
 Joseph B. Smith, 1872. 
 
 William Y. Eambo, 1875. 
 
 Barclay Lear, 1878. 
 
 As with the sheriff, so with regard to the coroner in early times, 
 — two being elected and the Governor making choice between them. 
 
 Maj. John Harper was coroner when the county-seat was removed 
 from Chester to West Chester, in 1786. He was a Revolutionary 
 officer who had then recently commenced keeping a tavern in Ches- 
 ter, and of course was opposed to the removal. Tradition says he 
 bad command of the belligerent forces which in 1785 came to West 
 Chester — then known as " The Turk" — to demolish the unfinished 
 county buildings. He afterwards came to reside in AVest Chester, 
 and was for some time landlord of the famous Turk's Head tavern. 
 
 Nathan Scholfleld was the last coroner elected in Chester County 
 previous to the division, and also the first elected after the county 
 was reduced to its present limits. 
 
 In 1862, William Ferry was elected to the office, but did not take 
 out his commission, and Joseph W. Barnard, Esq., was appointed to 
 fill the vacancy until the next election. Mr. Barnard was subse- 
 quently elected for two successive terms of three ye rs, and thus 
 held the office altogether a period of seven years. 
 
 Before the incumbency of Mr. Barnard inquisitions were usually 
 held by justices of the peace when the office of the coroner was more 
 than ten miles distant from where the death occurred. He procured 
 the passage of an act of Assembly authorizing the appointment of 
 deputies at suitable points in the county, and restricting the perform- 
 ance of the duties of the office to the coroner and his deputies thus 
 appointed, unless the death occurs more than ten miles from the resi- 
 dence of the coroner or any of his deputies. Mr. Barnard adopted 
 suitable rules and regulations, and since then the duties of the office 
 have been much more satisfactorily performed than heretofore. 
 
 COMMISSIONERS. 
 The office of county commissioner was created not long prior to 
 1720, their duties having been at first performed by the justices and 
 grand jury, and afterwards by the grand jury and assessors. It is in- 
 ferred that at first four commissioners were elected, to serve one year. 
 In Assembly, 11, 19, 1721-2, when a supplementary tax-bill was 
 under consideration, it was 
 
 " ordered, that an amendment be m^^de, for the three eldest Commissionera In 
 Philadelphia County, the two eldest or first named Commissioners in Chester 
 County, and the first named Commissioner in Bucks County, be discharged of 
 that office on the 30th Day of September next ; and that then, the First of October 
 following, one Commissioner be elected iu the Kooni of them in each County 
 yearly, to take Place after the two other then remaining." 
 
 A petition from Chester County was read, 12, 28, 1721-2, "pray- 
 ing the County Levy Act may be repealed, or that three Commis- 
 sioners may be elected yearly." The next day (March 1st) petitions 
 from the other counties were read, as also the bill for the third time, 
 " and the Question was put, that the said Amendment, for displacing some Com- 
 niissloners, and electing others in their Stead, shall stand as now inserted in the 
 Bill 1 Passed in the Negative. Then the Question was put, that the Commis- 
 sioners, for the future, shall be three in Number, and yearly elected on the first 
 Day of October ? Passed in the affirmative." 
 
 This act was finally passed May 12, 1722, with the further amend- 
 ment that one commissioner should be elected annually. 
 
 The following document will show the manner of certifying the 
 result of elections in those days to the justices at the Quarter Ses- 
 sions ; 
 
 " This Indentuee made the first day of October Ano. Dom., 1722, Between 
 John Taylor, Sheriff of the County of Chester, in the Province of Pensilvania, 
 of the one part Aud William Brinton, Richard Woodward, Philip Taylor, Sam- 
 uel Painter, Jun', Joseph Brinton aud Rich* Joues. freeholders and Inhabitants 
 of the County af, of the other part, WITNESSETH, That by vertue and In pursu- 
 
376 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ance of a Law or Act of Assembly of this Province Intituled a supplementary 
 Act to the Act for the more EfTectual Raising of County rates & Levies, The 
 free men and Inhabitants of the Burrough of Chester & County of Chester 
 af*, on the first day of October af**, met Together at the Court-house in the 
 Burrough of Chester aP, And then and there by a free Poll Did Choose 
 Bobert Pyle to be a Commissioner in the Boom and stead of the two Commis- 
 sioners who are Removed by the s^ Act. In Witness whereof, as well the s* 
 Sheriff, as the at* William Brinton, Richard Woodward, Philip Taylor, Sami 
 Painter, -Jun', Joseph Brinton and Eich* Jones, have Interchangeably set their 
 hands and Seals hereunto the day and year fii-st above Written. 
 
 " John Taylor, Sh : [seal.] 
 "Samuel Painter, Juner. [seal.] William Bbinton. [seal.] 
 
 "Joseph Brinton. [seal.] Rich. Woodwaed. [seal.] 
 
 " Rich* Jones. [seal.] Philip Taylor. [seal.] " 
 
 By an act passed March 20, 1724, it was prescribed that the newly- 
 elected commissioner and the assessors should take the following 
 qualification : 
 
 " Thou Shalt well and truly cause the County Debts to he speedily adjusted 
 and the Rates and Sums of Money by virtue of this Act imposed, to be duly 
 and equally assessed and laid according to the best of thy Skill and Knowledge ; 
 and herein thou shalt spare no person for Favour nor Affection, nor grieve any for 
 Hatred or Ill-will." . 
 
 Qualifications of this form, signed by the ofQcers, are on file for 
 1727, 1729, and at later dates. By this last act the commissioners 
 were to issue precepts to the constables, requiring them to make re- 
 turn to the assessors of the names and estates uf the inhabitants, and 
 the assessors were to lay the rates thereon. 
 
 The following is a list of commissioners since 1721, with the dates 
 of their appointment or election : 
 
 1721, David Lloyd, John Wood, Nathaniel Newlin, Henry Miller (in oflBce) ; 
 1722, Robert Pyle; 1723, Nathaniel Newlin; 1724, Samuel HoUingsworth; 
 1725, Robert Pyle ; 1726, Isaac Taylor ; 1727, William Webb ; 1728, Henry 
 Miller, Evan Lewis, elected by commissioners and assessors in August, vice 
 Isaac Taylor, dec'd; 1729, Samuel Nutt; 1730, Evan Lewis; 1731, Jacob 
 Howell ; 1732, Samuel Lewis ; 1V33, George Aston ; 1734, John Davis ; 1735, 
 Richard Jones ; 1736, Samuel Lightfoot ; 1737, John Parry, Jr. ; 1738, Wil- 
 liam Jefferis ; 1739, John Davis; 1740, John Parry, Jr. ; 1741, John Tarnall ; 
 1742, John Davis; 1713, Jacob Howell; 1744, Joseph Mendenhall; 1745, 
 John Davis ; 1746, Thomas Pennell ; 1747, Joshua Thompson ; 1748, Isaac 
 Davis; 1749, Thomas Pennell; 1750, Edward BiintOD, Samuel Bunting, vice 
 Thomas Pennell, deceased; 1751, William Lewis; 1752, John Fairlamb; 
 1753, Robert Millet; 1754, Thomas Pearson; 1755, Joseph Ashbridge; 
 1756, Joseph Davis; 1757, Joseph James; 1758, John Hannum; 1759, 
 Jonas Preston; 1760, Joseph Pennock ; 1761, John Griffith; 1762, Lewis 
 Davis; 1763, John Price; 1764, Benjamin Bartholomew; 1765, Richard 
 Baker; 1766, John Davis; 17G7, Robert Pennell; 1768, John Webster; 
 1769, John Evans ; 1770, Jesse Bonsall ; 1771, Robert Mendenhall ; 1772, 
 John Fleming; 1773, Thomas Levis; 1774, Thomas Taylor; 1775, Wil- 
 liam Evans; 1776, Sketchley Morton; 1777, David Cloyd; 1778, Andrew 
 Boyd; 1779, Benjamin Brannan; 1780, John Bartholomew; 1781, Joseph 
 Strawbridge; 1782, Caleb James; 1783, John Davis; 1784, Joseph McClel- 
 lan; 1785, Caleb James; 1786, Caleb North; 1787, John Worth; 1788, Jo- 
 seph Gibbons; 1789, James Moore; 1790, Elijah McClenachan; 1791, John 
 Mecham ; 1792, William Trimble, Jr. ; 1793, Samuel Cochran ; 1794, George 
 Davis; 1795, George Miller; 1796, James Keltun; 1797, William Rogers; 
 1798, Evan Evans; 1799, John Menough ; 1800, Titus Taylor; 1801. John 
 Rinebart; 1802, John Ramsey; 1803, Thomas Taylor; 1804, James Lock- 
 hart; 1805, John G. Parke; 1806, Joshua Gibbons; 1807, David Denny; 
 1808, Jesse Good ; 1S09, William Evans ; 1810, David Wilson ; 18U, James 
 Ramsey; 1812, Eber Worthington ; 1813, David Townsend; 1814, Alexan- 
 der Chandler ; 1815, Jesse Meriier ; 1816, Samuel Baldwin ; 1817, Maris Tay- 
 lor; 1818, Joshua Weaver; 1819, Benjamin Thomas; 1820, Jesse Pugh; 
 1821, Isaac Trimble ; 1822, James Davis; 1823, Abisha Clark; 1824, Ezra 
 Cope; 1825, Joseph Hughes ; 1826, Benjamin Parker ; 1827, Isaac Thomas ; 
 1828,Melchi Happersett; 1829, James Alexander; 1830, George Gregg (died 
 in January, 1833) ; 1831, Evan Evans ; 1832, Joseph Wood ; 1833, Walker Yar- 
 iiall (Eber Worthington appointed, vice Gregg, dec'd) ; 1834, John Malin ; 
 1835, Alexander Correy ; 1836, Elijah Lewis (J. W. Passmore, two years, vice 
 Tarnall); 1837, John Beidler; 1838, John W. Passmore; 1839, Hibbard 
 Evans; 1840, John Templeton; 1841, Hatton Mercer; 1842, John Worth; 
 1843, Mordeuai Lee ; 1844, Enos Pennock ; 1845, Smith Sharpless ; 184G, 
 David Byerly; 1847, Daniel Thompson; 1848, John Hannum; 1849, Rees 
 Welsh; 1850, Joel Thompson; 1851, Thomas Vandever; 1852, Jacob Kulp; 
 1853, Newton I.Nichols; 1854, Albert Way; 1855, William G. Martland; 
 1856, Joseph Russell ; 18i)7, Titus W. Glieeu ; 1858, Bunjaniin llai ttiiuii ; 1859, 
 Caleb Windle ; 1860, Thomas Bateman ; 1861, Joseph G. King ; 1862, Andrew 
 Mitchell (died May 12, 1865); 1863, Lorenzo Beck; 1864, Levi H. Grouse; 
 1865, Thomas M. Charlton (by appointment of September 13, 1865, to fill 
 vacancy by Mitchell's death xintil his successor was elected) ; 1865, Thomas 
 M. Charlton (elected fur three years) ; 1866, Joseph F. Hill ; 1867, Joseph 
 Doan ; 1868, Washingtou Ilaggerty ; 1869, C. Marshall Ingram ; 1870, Nathan 
 G.Grimm; 1871, Alfred Wood; 1872, Matthew Barker; 1873, John Irey; 
 1874, David Ramsey; 1875, David Ramsey, John Irey, John McWiUiams; 
 1878, Jacob M. Zook, William M, Elliott, Edwin Otley. 
 
 Up to 1855 the newly-elected commissioner took his seat with the 
 board immediately after the election; from that time to the constitu- 
 tion of 1873 he went into office the last Monday in January succeed- 
 ing his election; since then, on the first Monday of January. Under 
 the present constitution, which, so far as relates to county commis- 
 sioners, went into eflfect in 1875, a full board is elected every three 
 years, and each elector being allowed to vote for but two persons, this 
 secures representation of the political party in the minority. 
 
 COUNTY ASSESSORS. 
 
 By act of Assembly passed in 1696 it was provided that at the time 
 of election of members of Assembly six persons should be chosen for 
 assessors in each county. Some opposition was manifested to this 
 law, as will appear by the following presentment of the grand jury : 
 
 " Wee of the Grand Inquest doe desier that wee may have this Grivence reme- 
 died, is that the six Asseaseors That was appointed to Asseas the County may be 
 laid aside And that the Grand Jury, which are the body of the Coiioty may have 
 the order of such things as formerly. Wee are credably informed that the 
 Grand Inquest att Philadelphia have Petitioned against the same things and 
 the Governour and Court have Granted their desier And we Presume we have 
 the same Priviledge; not that wee doe any way mistrust the majestrates in 
 Place, but knowing how subject Goverments are to Chainge doe desier that wee 
 may not be made a pray uppon If unresonable men come in place. 
 
 "Ye 9th of the fii-st month, 1698. 
 
 "George Fea&cEj /orerrum" 
 
 What reception this met with from the justices to whom it was 
 presented is not recorded. At u. special session held 4, 26, 1700, at 
 Henry Hollingsworth's bouse, it was 
 
 " Agreed that the Justices with four or more of the substantial free houldera 
 and the Treasurer meet at the house of Henry HoUingsworth the 30th of the 
 5th month next, and Henry HoUingsworth is ordered to give notice thereof to 
 Walter Marten to bring in his duplicates and warrants with him." 
 
 The persons nominated for assessors by the justices were John 
 Hood, Nathaniel Lamplew, Joseph Baker, and Nathaniel Newland. 
 The justices and assessors accordingly met, as appointed, and ordered 
 that forthwith warrants be issued to the constables that they bring 
 in certificates in writing of the names of every person residing within 
 their presincts and of the substance or valew of every of their estates, 
 etc. 
 
 At Quarter Sessions, 6, 25, 1702, the grand jury and assessors re- 
 port that the treasurer is not ready to present his accounts. 
 
 Aug. 29, 1704, the sheriff is ordered to "Sumons all y® assessors to 
 meet y^ Justices at Chester on y® 25th day of next month, whose 
 names are as followeth: 
 
 " Bartholomew Coppock, 
 Daniel Wiliamson, 
 Thomas Powell, 
 
 Thomas Worth, 
 John Worrall, 
 Francis Chadsey." 
 
 At Quarter Sessions, Sept. 23, 1704, the justices and grand jury, 
 
 *' having calculated ye county's debts do order that there shall forthwith a Levey 
 be raised of all y« Inhabitants of ye s* County at y" rate of one peny half peny 
 ^ pound, and four shillings ^ head on all free men that are 16 years old and 
 upwards and have not charges to mentain." 
 
 The assessors are frequently referred to about this time, without 
 giving their names; but it appears that the grand jury still claimed 
 a joint labor in laying the taxes. Whether the office was abolished 
 by special act or by the constitution of 1790 has not been ascertained. 
 The earliest return of the election of assessors remaining on file is for 
 1720, and simply contains their names "Given und^ oi^ hands and 
 seales" of six lawful freeholders. Afterwards the returns are iden- 
 tical with those for commissioners, as shown elsewhere. 
 
 At the end of the tax-rate for 1725 is this statement: 
 
 " This Book, Containing U Assessm^ In which we whose names are hereunto 
 subscribed, the Assessors for the .County of Chester, have laid the Rates of four 
 pence per pound upou Land and stock & Twelve shilling a head upon freemen, 
 the sixth day of January Anno Dam. 1724r-5." 
 
 August, 1743, the grand jury having examined the accounts, find 
 that the assessors received four shillings per day for their services, 
 which is thought to exceed the allowance by act of Assembly, 
 
 The following is perhaps as complete a list of the assessors as can 
 be gleaned from the records : 
 
 1700.-^ohn Hood, Nathaniel Lamplew, Joseph Baker, Nathaniel Newland 
 1708.-Juhu Bezer, Lewis Lewis, John Bennit, Adam Roads, John Worrall. 
 
 Robert Wharton. 
 I710.-Aarou James. Richard Webb, David Harry, John Blunaton, Jr., Johu 
 
 Bezer, Joseph Cobourn. 
 
CIVIL AND JUDICIAL LISTS. 
 
 377 
 
 1720.— Robert Carter, Edmund Cartlidge, Thoraaa Edwards, Joseph Jervis, 
 
 Joseph Harvey, Samuel Hollinpsworth. 
 1721-22.— John Musgrove, Thonms Edwards, Samuel Hollinga worth, Joseph 
 
 Harvey, Philip Taylor, William Welb. 
 1723.— Kecord wanting. 
 1724.— Ja: Mitchell, Tho. Edwards, Richd Parker, Mesor Brown, John Bozor, 
 
 W°». Levis. 
 1725.— James Mitchell, Tho. Edwards, Saml Lewis, Jama Lindley, Richfl Evan- 
 sou, Uob* Burbor. 
 1726.— James Mitchell, Thoa. Edwai-ds, Sami. Lewis, Caleb Copeland, Joseph 
 
 Briuton. 
 1727.— William Poschall, Stephen Evans, Saml Lewis, Caleb Copeland, Joseph 
 
 Briuton, Bavid Jones. 
 1728.— Jeremiah Starr, Steplien Evans, Sam>. Lewis, John Button, Joseph 
 
 Brinton, David Jones. 
 1721).— William Paschall, John Davis, William Lewis, Jeremiah Starr, Joseph 
 
 Briuton, John Button. 
 1730.— John Davis, W™ Paschall, James StaiT, Charles Crosley, Philip Taylor, 
 
 Jeremiah Starr. 
 1731.— John Davis, W" Paschall, Thomas Marshall, Charles Crosley, Thomas 
 
 Green, Jeremiah Starr. 
 1732.— John Parry, Benj" fired, Edward Briuton, Charles Crosley, James J of- 
 
 feris, J(ehua Thomson. 
 1733.— James Jefferis, Benj* Fredd, John Parry, Edward Briuton, William Jef- 
 
 feris, Joshua Thomson. , 
 1734-35.— John Parry, Benja fi'red, Edward Brinton, W™ Jefferis, James Jofferis, 
 
 Jos : Hayes. 
 1736.— Joseph Hayes, James Jefferis, John Parry, Edward Brinton, Joshua 
 
 Tliomson. 
 1737.— David Stephens, James Jefferis, William Jefferis, Edward Brinton, Joshua 
 
 Thomson, Beujamiu Fredd. 
 1738. — David Stephens, James Jefferis, William Jefferis, John Allen, Daniel 
 
 Walker, John Yaruall. 
 1739.— John Allen, John Yarnall, Daniel Walker, Thomas Morgan, James Jef- 
 feris, David Steplieus. 
 1740. — John Allen, Daniel Walker, Tho; Morgan, John Yarnall, James Jefferis, 
 
 Robert Miller. 
 1741.— John Allen, Daniel Walker, Robert Miller, Thomas Morgan, Joshua 
 
 Thomsuu, Joseph Gibbons. 
 1742.— Daniel Walker, Joseph Gibbons, John Allen, Robert Miller, Thomas 
 
 Morgan, Joshua Thomson. 
 1743.- Thomas Hughes, Aubrey Robert, Joshua Pusoy, Joseph Mendenball, 
 
 Samuel Bunting, Thomas Pennell. 
 1744.— Thomas Peuneli, Samuel Buuting, Thomas Hughes, Isaac Davis, Joshua 
 
 Pusey, Joseph Gilpin. 
 1745.— Thomas Pennell, Isaac Davis, John Churchman, Thomas Parke, Aaron 
 
 Ashbridge. 
 1746. — Record wanting. 
 1747.— Ehsha Gatchell, Jur., Tho^ Parke, Isaac Davis, Aaron Ashbridge, Isa: 
 
 Pearson, John Jackson. 
 1748. — Record wanting. 
 1749. — Elisha Gatchell, Junr., John Pusey, Jo^ Bartholomew, Jn" Fairlamb, 
 
 Pbiueas Lewis, Tho^ Pearson. 
 1750. — Randal Maliu, Ja^ Miller, Jeremiah Brown, junr., Jn^ Fairlamb, 
 
 Phineas Lewis, Tho^ Pearson. 
 1751. — Thomas Pearson, Fhlueas Lewis, Randal Malin, James Miller, Jeremiah 
 
 Brown, John Fairlamb. 
 1752. — Thomas Pearson, Fhlueas Lewis, Randal Malin, James Miller, Jeremiah 
 
 Brown, Joseph Ashbridge. 
 1753. — Jere: Brown, Jr., Joseph Ashbridge, James Miller, Phineas Lewis, Ran- 
 dal Malin, William Parker. 
 1754.— Jofl Ashbridge, William Parker, Jno Meredith, Timotiiy Kirk, Sam^ 
 
 Miller, Thos Pirn. 
 1755.— Timothy Kirk, John Meredith, Thomas Pim, William Parker, Robert 
 
 Pennell, Samuel Miller. 
 1756.— John Griffith, Rob*. Pennell, Thomas Hope, Timothy Kirk, W"" Bu- 
 chanan, W"^ Kerr. 
 1757-59. — Thomas Harlan, John Griffith, William Allen, Lewis Davis, Davis 
 
 Humphreys, Nathaniel White. 
 1760.— Thomas Harlan, John Griihth, William Allen, Jesse Maris, Davis Hum- 
 phreys, Nathaniel White. 
 1761.— Thomas Harlan, Humphry Marshall, William Allen, Jesse Maris, 
 
 Thomas Evans, Mercer Brown. 
 1762-63.— Elisha Hughes, William Moore, Richard Baker, Jesse Maris, Thomas 
 
 Evans, James Marshall. 
 1764.— William Allen, Rich* Biley, John Davis, Rich* Baker, William Moore. 
 1765. — Michael Cypher, John Webster, John Davis, Joshua Evans, William 
 
 Moore, Caleb Pusey. 
 1 7G6.— John Webster, Michael Cypher, Jas. Gibbons, Caleb Parry, Joshua Evans. 
 1767.— John Webster, Michael Cypher, James Gibbons, John Fleming, Jesse 
 
 Bunsall, 
 1768.— Joshua Evans, Michael Cypher, Thomas Taylor, John Fleming, Jesse 
 
 Bonsall, Levis Pennock. 
 1769. — Anthony Wayne, Michael Cypher, Thomas Taylor, John Fleming, Jesse 
 
 Bonsall, Samuel Miller. 
 1770.— Anthony Wayne, Michael Cypher, Thomas Taylor, John Fleming, 
 Thomas Levis, Samuel Miller. 
 
 48 
 
 1771.— Anthony Wayne, Jonathan Coates, John Crawford, John Fleming, 
 
 Thomas Levis, Samuel Miller. 
 1772.— John Crawford, Thomas Levis, William Evans, Jacob Beery, Thomas 
 
 Tucker, Joshua Pusey. 
 1773.— John Crawford, William Montgomery, William Evans, Jacob Beery, 
 
 ThonuiB Tucker, Caleb Davis, 
 1774.— William Evans, William Montgomery, Caleb Davis, John Jones, Rich* 
 
 Thomas, David Cloyd. 
 1775-76.— Nicholas Fairlamb, William Montgomery, Caleb Davis, John Jones, 
 
 Riclid Thomas, David Cloyd. 
 1777.— Mark Wlloox, Andrew Boyd, Sr., John Ralston, Andrew Boyd, Jr., Ben- 
 jamin Brannan, David Cloyd. 
 1778.— Samuel Denny, Andrew Boyd, Sr., John Ralston, Andrew Boyd, Jr., 
 
 Harvoy Lewis, John Bartholomew. 
 1779. — Gideon Irwin, William Henry, James Ilannum, Thomas Haslip, Harvey 
 
 Lewis, Juhn Bartholomew. 
 1780.— Giilcon Irwin, Joseph Strawbridge, John Lindsey, Joseph McCall, Samuel 
 
 Denny, John Bartholomew. 
 1781.— Gideon Irwin, Joseph Strawbridge, John Lindsey, Joseph McCall, James 
 
 Ilannum. 
 
 COUNTY TREASURERS. 
 
 Bee. 14, 1697, the accounts of Walter Marten, county treasurer, 
 being made up in open court, showed that he had received £82 Is., 
 and disl^rsed £77 17ff. dd., leaving a balance of £4 3a. 7rf. In Sep- 
 tember, 1698, his accounts stood thus: Received £106 138. 6rf. ; dis- 
 bursed £104 3fi.; balance, £2 10a. 5d. 
 
 Dec. 13,1698. — "The Grand Jury Presents the necessity of a book for the 
 Treasurer to keep the Countyes accounts in, that tliey may be seen from time to 
 time." 
 
 The first petition for this office which has been observed was from 
 John Taylor, of Thornbury, formerly sheriff for several years, and it 
 is as follows : 
 
 " to the commiss" and assessors of the countt of chester. 
 "Gentlemen: 
 "Whereas I am informed that the ^sent Treasurer of this County (accord- 
 ' ing to his own proposal or agreement with your Predecessoi-s) is to relinquish 
 his office of Treasurer, aud you are to appoint some other person to act in bis 
 stead for the Ensuing Year. 
 
 " Therefore, in consideration of the former Regards that the ffreemen of this 
 County have sliewen unto me, I am willing to do the Business of the County in 
 that OfQco for the small allowance of two and a half '^ cent. 
 
 " I am, Gent"., your Assured ffrd, 
 
 "Jno. Taylob. 
 " Chestek, Qbr 29^1', 1737." 
 
 John Taylor presented another petition, Feb. 28, 1737-8, inti- 
 mating that some have doubted his honesty in making the former 
 offer, and 
 
 " that unless the money was put into my hands without security being taken for 
 the same (let my design be ever bo bad), 1 could not enhance my estate there- 
 with on the terms proposed," 
 
 which security he is ready to give. Another petition from him is 
 dated 9^^ 29^\ 1738. Again, Jan. 4, 1739-40, he says,— 
 
 " It is obvious that the terms on which I sundry times proposed to sci"ve as 
 Treasurer of this Couuty, must be more to oblige some of my ffrieuds than from 
 any private motive or consideration whatsoever." 
 
 Not discouraged with his want of success, he came forward a year 
 later with another petition, with these arguments : 
 
 *' It being notorious some years ago that most of those who had any Concern 
 in Publick Business in this County were forming of schemes and accounts, 
 which if conceded to would have sunk the Industrious and Laborious part of 
 the good People of this County in a debt which. Considering that their Land is 
 upon the declining hand not yielding any thing near so plentiful harvests as it 
 has heretofore done, in a debt which many of them could not have well dis- 
 charged. Therefore, in regard to the repeated favors which the freemen of this 
 County have shewn to me, I Considered myself obliged to such an acknowledg- 
 ment to them as to be always ready to serve them, and thereupon I proposed 
 expedients, which, being carried into E.\ecution, diverted some of these projected 
 schemes, and is obvious to have saved the Publick several Hundred Pounds," etc. 
 
 He now offered to perform the duties of treasurer without bringing 
 any charge against the county. 
 
 Joseph Brinton and Joshua Thomson also offered to serve gratis in 
 this year (1741). The commissioners appointed Joshua Thomson, bul 
 Joseph Brinton, the late treasurer, complaining that he still had un- 
 settled business in the office, Thomson relinquished the office in his 
 favor. 
 
 The petition of Humphry Marshall to the commissioners and as- 
 sessors, 1, 9, 1761, sheweth 
 
378 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 " That the Pnviledge of any office held in this Government which is Proiit- 
 able and advantageous to Particuhirs yoiir Petitioner conceives, ouglit, in Jus- 
 tice, to Circulate and be of General advantage to Divers persons in the same, 
 supposing them to be Capatile and Equally Qualified for such offices of profit; 
 and as your petitioner conceives that the Profit arising to the Treasurer of the 
 King's Tax in this County is Something Considerable, and that piofit having 
 been Enjoyed for a considerable time by one individual, That your petitioner 
 being willing to servo the County iu that Station," etc. 
 
 John Griffith, with an envious eye, refers to Humphry Marshall's 
 petition 
 
 ''for being Provincial Treasurer, and in asmuch that he hath no great Charge 
 of Children, &c., and may Ilor'd up all ho Can gather to bo a great Mountain of 
 Bichcs, That office may also Contribute something towards the 6*1 Great End," 
 
 and hopes they will consider his Own case. 
 
 Owing to the unfortunate want of care in the preservation of many 
 of the commissioners' minutes and papers, it seems impossible to 
 make out a complete list of the county treasurers. From some data 
 it would seem that about the time of the Revolution there were two 
 treasurers in the same year. About 1790 the custom arose of appoint- 
 ing the retiring commissioner to the office, and this was continued 
 until the constitution of 1838, after which the office was elective. 
 
 TREASURERS. 
 1606, Jeremiah Collett; 1097-1702, Walter Marten; 1704, Caleb Pusey ; 170G-9, 
 Walter Marten; 1720-23, Henry Pierce; 1724-26, Philip Taylor; 1740-46, 
 Joseph Brintou; 1750-00, Robert Miller; 1701-04, Humphry Marshall; 
 1765, Jesse Maris, Jr. ; 1700-09, Lewis Davis ; 1770-70, James Gibbons ; 1770- 
 72 (?), Richard Thomas ; 1776, Philip Taylor; 1776-77, John Brinton ; 1778, 
 Thomas Levis; 1779, William Evans; 1780, Persifor Frazer (March 22d); 
 1781, David Clciyd; 1782-84, no record; 1785, Andrew Boyd and David 
 Cloyd; 1786-87, William Evans; 1788, Andiew Boyd; 1786-90, William 
 Ilaslett ; 1791-92, John Hannum (August 29th) ; 1793, Elijah MoClenachan ; 
 1794, John Mechem; 1796, William Trimble; 1790, Samuel Cochran ; 1797, 
 George Davis; 1798, Robert Miller; 1799-1800, James Kclton ; 1801, Evan 
 Evans ; 1802, John Menongh ; 1803, Titus Taylor ; 1804^6, William Worth- 
 iogton; 1806, John Einehart; 1807, James Lockart ; 1808, John G.Parke; 
 1809, Joshua Gibbons ; 1810, David Denny ; 1811, Jesse Good ; 1812, William 
 Evans; 1813, David Wilson ; 1814, James Ramsey; 1815, Eber Worthing- 
 ton ; 1810, David Townsend ; 1817, Alexander Chandler; 1818, Jesse Mercer; 
 1819, Samuel Baldwin; 1820, Maris Taylor; 1821, Joshua Weaver; 1822, 
 Benjamin Thomas ; 1823, Jesse Pugh ; 1824, Robert Miller; 1826 (term now 
 began in January), James Davis ; 1827, Abisha Clark ; 1828, Ezra Cope ; 
 1829, Joseph Hughes; 1830, Benjamin Parker; 1831, Isaac Thomas; 1832, 
 Melchi Happersett; 1833, James Alexander; 1834, Abraham Darlington, 
 Jr.; 1836, Joseph B. Jacobs; 1837, William Enibree; 1840, Samuel M. 
 Painter; 1842, S. C. Jeffeiis; 1843, Samuel M. Painter (appointed vice 
 JelTerie, deceased); 1844, Morgan Eoese; 1840, James M. Hughes; 1848, 
 Samuel Davis ; 1860, George W. Pearce ; 1862, Henry Beidler ; 1854, Samuel 
 Wickorshani; 1860, Townsend Walter ; 1868, Charles Fairlamb; 1800, Joseph 
 1. TuBtin; 1802, Reuben Bernard; 1804, C. 11. Kinnard; 1800, John T. 
 Potts; 1808, Philip Price; 1870, Bdwiji Baker; 1872, Fiank Shellady; 1874, 
 Jesse E. Phillips; 1875, John G. Moses; 1878, John H. Buck waiter. 
 
 MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY. 
 
 The frame of government prepared by Penn before leaving England 
 provided for the election of an Assembly of not less than 200 nor more 
 than 500 persons, who were to meet yearly on the 20th of the second 
 month (April). 
 
 Soon after the arrival of William Penn in the province he issued 
 writs of election to the sheriffs of the several counties for the election 
 of members of Assembly. The first Assembly convened at Chester, 
 Dec. 4, 1682. There is no list of the members extant, so far as is 
 Itnown, and the names of all the members from this county cannot 
 therefore be given. The names of four of them appear incidentally 
 in the minutes. This is the only meeting of the Assembly ever held 
 within the limits of Chester County. 
 
 The next Assembly convened at Philadelphia, March 12, 1683, and 
 consisted of nine members from each county. 
 
 In the writ calling for this Assembly, Penn directed the election of 
 12 as members of Council, " and that thou there declare to the said 
 freemen that they may all personally appear at an assembly at the 
 place aforesaid, according to the eontenta of my charter of liberties." 
 
 Each county, however, sent 12 persons, and requested that they 
 might answer, — three for Council and nine for Assembly. A new 
 frame of government was prepared, according to which the Assembly 
 should consist of not less than 36 persons, 6 from each county, nor 
 more than 200, and to meet on the 10th of the 3d month (May) annu- 
 ally. The time of meeling was changed in after-years. 
 
 From 1683 to 1703 the number of members from this county varied 
 from 3 to 6; from 1703 until the adoption of the constitution of 1776 
 the number was generally 8. That constitution provided that for the 
 years 1776, 1777, and 1778 the number of members from each county 
 should be 6, and thereafter, as directed by the Assembly, according to 
 population. In 1779 the number, in accordance with this provision, 
 was increased to 8, and so remained until 1786, when it was again re- 
 duced to 6. In 1789, on the erection of Delaware County, Chester 
 County was given 4 members, and Delaware 2 members. 
 
 The constitution of 1790 provided for an enumeration of the taxa- 
 ble inhabitants within three years after the first meeting of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly, and an apportionment of the members of the two 
 houses created by that constitution among the counties according to 
 the number of taxables, and n similar enumeration and apportion- 
 ment was directed to be made every seven years thereafter. It further 
 provided that until such apportionment could be made, each county 
 should be entitled to the number of members it then had by existing 
 laws. 
 
 The number of members from this county accordingly continued to 
 be 4 until the year 1795, when, at the first apportionment under 
 the new constitution, the number was increased to 5. It so continued 
 until 1822, when it was again reduced to 4. In 1843 the number waB 
 reduced to 3, and at the apportionment in 1871 to 2. In 1874 the 
 number was increased to 4. 
 
 The qualification of a member of Assembly in early times is here 
 given : 
 
 " Wee whose names are hereunto Subscribed, Elected Representatives by y» 
 freemen of y« Respective Counties in this Province of Pennsylvania & y City 
 of Philadelphia in pursuance of y« Proprietaries Charter to serve in Assembly 
 Doe Each of us for himself solemnly promise & Declare that we will be true & 
 faithfull to Queen Anne of England &c. And we doe solemnly Promise & De- 
 clare that wo doe from our hearts abhorr Detest & Renounce as Impious & he- 
 ritical that Damnable Doctrine & Position that Princes Excommunicated or 
 Deprived by yc Pope or any other Authority of y" see of Rome May be Deposed 
 or Murthered by their subjects or any other whatsoever And we Doe Declare 
 that no fforreign Prince, Person, Prelate, State or Potentate hath or ought to 
 have any Power Jurisdiction Superiority Pre-eminence or Authority Ecclesiasti- 
 cal or Spiritual within y Realm of England and Dominions thereunto belong- 
 ing. 
 
 " And we and Each of us doe Solemnly & Sincerely profess Tcstifie & Declare 
 that we doe believe that in yo Sacrament of y Lods supper there is not any 
 Transubstantiation of ye Elements of Bread & Wine into y Body & Blood of 
 Christ at or after y Consecration thereof by any Person whatsoever & that the 
 Invocation or adoration of y Virgin Mary or any other saint & y sacrifice of 
 y« Mass as they are now used in y Church of Rome are Superstitious & Idola- 
 trous. 
 
 "And we and Each of us for himself Doe solemnly Profess, Testifie & Declare 
 that we doe make this Declaration and Every Part thereof in y Plain & Ordi- 
 nary Sense of y Words Head unto Us as they are Commonly understood by 
 English Protestants without any Evasion, Equivocation or mental Reservation 
 whatsoever and without any Dispensation already granted for this Purpose by 
 y« Pope or any other authority or Person whatsoever or without any hope of any 
 such Dispensation from any person or authority whatsoever or without tliinking 
 that we are or can be acquitted before God or Man or absolved of this Declara- 
 tion or any part thereof Altho' y Pope or any other Person or Persons or Power 
 Whatsoever should Dispense w ith or annul y« same or Declare that it was Null 
 & Void from y begiuing. 
 
 " And we the said Subscribing Representatives & Each of us for himself Doe 
 Solemnly & Siucerely profess Faith iu God y» fl^ather and in Jesus Christ his 
 Eternal Sou the true God & in y» holy Spirit one God Bk-ssed forevermoro And 
 we doe acknowledge y holy Scriptures to be Given by Divine Inspiration. 
 
 Rowland Ellis 
 " Nicholas Pyle W» Biles Nicholas Walln 
 
 John Bennett Jos: Gi-owdon Sami Richardson 
 
 Andrew Job Tobias Dymocke Isaac Norris 
 
 David Lewis Richard Hough Da^ Lloyd 
 
 Nathaniel Newlliii William Paxson Antl.o: Morris 
 Joseph Baker Jer: Langhorne Samuel Cart 
 
 Robert Carter Joshua Hoopes Griftith Jones 
 
 Tho ; Stevenson Joseph Willcox 
 Cha; Read 
 
 Jos: Wood 
 
 "Subscribed after the 
 Rasure of the three last 
 Lines at the Council Board 
 the 16'1> of the S't mo"' 1703 
 
 " jAMiis Logan, 4 
 Jer Langhorne iett» ' 
 Jos. Growdon 1 ,g 
 Rowia Ellis > 
 
 '}' 
 
 Match 12,1082-3.-John U:>stiugs, Robert Wade, George Wood, John Blunston, 
 
CIVIL AND JUDICIAL LISTS. 
 
 379 
 
 . Dennis Rochford, Thumiia Braasoy, John Bozer, Jolin llanling, Juseph 
 
 Fliiiipa, 
 May 10, 1684. — Josliua Hastinps, Robert Wado, John Blunston, Goorgo Maris, 
 
 Thonuia Usher, Ilonry Maddock, 
 May 11, 16K5.— John Blunston, George Maris, Jolin Harding, Thomns Ushor, 
 
 Ifmncla Stanflidd, Jnsiah Fearn. 
 May 10, 1686. — Rtibert Wade, John Blnnaton, George Maris, Bartholomew Cop- 
 pock, Samuel Lewis, Caloh Pnso.v. 
 May 10, 1687. — John Btunston, George Maris, Bartholomew Coppock, Caleb 
 
 Pnsoy, Edward Bezer, Randall Yernon. 
 May 10, l(i88. — John Blunston, James Sandolands, George Maria, Robert Pyle, 
 
 Edward Carter, Thomas Coeburn. 
 May 10, 1689. — James Sandelands, Samuel Levis, John Bartram, Robert Pyle, 
 
 Michael Blunston, Jonathan Hayes. 
 May 10, 1600.— John Briatow, William Jonkin, Robert Pyle, Joalma Fearne, 
 
 George Maris, Caleb Puaey. 
 Record for 1691 wanting. 
 May 10, 1692— Pliilip Roman, George Maria, Bartholomew Coppock, Robert 
 
 Pyle, Caleb Puse.v, Thomas Witliers. 
 May 16, 1693. — John Siracock, George Maria, David Lloyd. 
 April 10, 1694.— David Lloyd, Caleb Pusey, Samuul Levis. 
 Sept. 9, 1695.— John Blunston, Bartholomew Coppock, William Jenkin, Robert 
 
 Pyle, Walter Forest (Faucet?), Philip Roman. 
 Oct. 26, 1696.— John Simcock (Speaker), John Blunston, Caleb Pusey. 
 May 10, 1697. — John Blunston (Speaker), Bartholomew Coppock, Thomas Worth, 
 
 Jonathan Hayea. 
 May 10, 1698.— Caleb Pnaey, Samuel Levis, Nathaniel Newlin, Robert Carter. 
 May 10, 1099.— John Blunston (Speaker), Robert Pyle, John Worrilow, Robert 
 
 Carter. 
 May 10, 1700.-^olin Blunston (Speaker), Robert Pyle, Richard Ormea, John 
 
 Hiiod, Samuel Levis, Henry Lewis. 
 Oct. 14, 1700.— Joseph Baker, Sanmel Levis, Nathaniel Newlin, Nicholas Pile. 
 Sept. 15, 1701.— John Blunston, Robert Pyle, Nathaniel Newlin, Andrew Job. 
 1702.— Record wanting. 
 
 Oct. 15, 1703.— Nicholas Pyle, John Bennett, Andrew Job, David Lewis, Na- 
 thaniel Newlin, Joseph Baker, Robert Carter, Joseph Wood. 
 Oct. 14 1704.— Nicholas Pyle, John Bennett, Nicholas Fairlamb, Josepii Coe- 
 
 bourn, John Hood, Richard Hayes, Josepli Wood, Isaac Taylor. 
 Oct. 15, 1705.— Robert Pyle, Richard Webb, Caleb Pusey, Nicholas Fairlamb, 
 
 John Bennett, Isaac Taylor, Nathaniel Newlin, Joseph Coeburn. 
 Oct. 14, 1706.— Samuel Levis, Richard Hayes, Francis Chadds, Joseph Baker, 
 
 Evan Lewis, John Hood, George Pearce, William Garrett. 
 Oct. 14, 1707.— Francis Chads, William Smith, Samuel Levis, Richard Hayes, 
 
 John Hood, William Ganett, John Bethell, Evan Lewis. 
 Oct. 14, 1708.— Daniel Williamson, Samuel Levis, Henry Lewis, Richard Hayes, 
 
 John Hood, Thomas Pearson, William Bartrani, Daniel Hoopes. 
 Oct. 14, 1709.— Samuel Levis, John Maris, John Hood, Henry Lewis, Daniel 
 
 Williamson, Daniel Hoopes, Richard Hayes, William Smith. 
 Oct. 14, 1710.— Nicholas Pyle, Joseph Baker, William Lewis, John Wood, Na- 
 thaniel Newlin, Epliraim Jackson, Caleb Pusey, Isaac Taylor. 
 Oct. 15, 1711.— Francis Yaruall, John Bezer, Caleb Pusey, Nicholas Pyle, Na- 
 thaniel Newlin, Joseph Baker, Nicholas Fairlamb, David Llewelin. 
 Oct. 14, 1712.— Caleb Pusey, David Lloyd, William Davis, Nicholas Fairlamb, 
 
 John Wood, George Harlan, Isaac Taylor, John Maris. 
 Oct. 14, 1713.— David Lloyd, William Davis, Joseph Baker, Nathauiel Newlin, 
 
 Nldiolas Fairlamb, Richard Hayes, William Brinton, John Blunston, Jr. 
 Oct. 14, 1714.— David Lloyd (Speaker), Nathaniel Newlin, Nicholaa Pyle, Evan 
 Lewis, John Miller,* Benjamin Mendcnhall, Samuel Garrett, Richard 
 Maris. 
 Oct. 14, 1715.— David Lloyd, Samuel Garrett, Henry Lewis, Henry Hayes, Wil- 
 liam Pyle, Edward Bezer, Philip Taylor, David Lewis. 
 Oct. 15, 1716.— David Lloyd, John Blunston, Jr.,t Henry Hayes, Joseph Pen- 
 nock, David Harry, John Maris, Johu Worrall, Henry Oborn. 
 Oct. 14, 1717.— David Lloyd, Nathaniel Newlin, Richard Hayes, Samuel Garrett, 
 
 James Gibbons, John Wood, George Maria, Henry Miller. 
 Oct. 14, 1718.- David Lloyd, Richard Hayes, Nathaniel Newlin, John Wright, 
 
 James Gibbons, Henry Lewis, William Lewis, Henry Oboru. 
 Oct. 14, 1719.— Isaac Taylor, Joseph Pennock, Moses Key, John Bezer, Nathaniel 
 
 Newlin, Johu Maris, James Gibbons, Evan Lewis. 
 Oct. 14, 1720.— Joseph Pennock, Samuel Levis, Jr., Isaac Taylor, Israel Taylor, 
 
 John Maris, Ralph Pyle, Daniel Williamson, David Lewis. 
 Oct. 14, I721.-Samuel Levis, Jr., William Pyle, Daniel Williamson, Isaac Tay- 
 lor, David Lewis, Henry Oborn, Nathaniel Newlin, Israel Taylor. 
 Oct. 16, 1722.— Samuel Levis, Jr., Joseph Pennock, David Lewis, William Pyle, 
 
 Daniel Williamson, Israel Taylor, Nathaniel Newlin, Isaac Taylor. 
 Oct. 14, 1723.— Thomas Chandler, Samuel Levis, Jr., Samuel Nutt, John Crosby, 
 
 Moses Key, William Webb, Joseph Pennock, David Lloyd (Speaker). 
 Oct. 14, 1724.— Moses Key, Joseph Pennock, William Webb, William Pyle, 
 
 Thomas Chandler, Elisha Gatchell, Johu Parry, John Crosby. 
 Oct. 14, 1725.-Thomas Chandler, David Lloyd (Speaker), William Webb, John 
 
 * John Miller died before the Assembly mot, and Gayen Miller, elected in his 
 room, took his aeat 11,11, 1714-15. 
 
 t John Blunston, Jr., died 8, 3, 1716, and a writ for electing one in his room 
 was issued 8, 16, 1716, but no return made np to 11, 1, 1716-17. William Pyle 
 served thirteen days, doubtless as his successor. 
 
 Wright, Samuel Hollingswortli, William Pusey, George Ashton, William 
 Poschall. 
 Oct. 14, 17;i6. — David Lloyd (Speaker), Samuel Nutt, Saninel Hollingswortli, John 
 Wright, Richard Hayes, Joseph Pennock, Thomas Chandler, William Pusey. 
 Oct. 14, 1727. — John Parry, Samuel Hollingsworth, Duvid Lloyd (Speaker), 
 Tliomas Clnindler, John Carter, Daniel Williamson,]; Simon Meredith, Wil- 
 liam Webb. 
 Oct. 14, 1728.— Thomas Chandler, David Lloyd (Speaker), Samuel Hollingswortli, 
 
 John Pany, William Webb, Philip Taylor, John Carter, Henry Hayes. 
 Oct. 14, 1729.— Caleb Cowpland, Richard Hayes, Joseph Brinton, Thomas Chand- 
 
 \or, William Webb, Samuel Gilpin, Janu^s James, Joseph Pennock. 
 Oct. 14, 17:10.— Henry Pierce, John Taylor, Samuel Lewis, John Parry, Thomaa 
 
 Chandler, Sanmel Gilpin, Milliam Webb, Henry Hayes. 
 Oct. 14, 1731.— Joseph Harvey, John Parry, Samuel Lewis, Caleb Cowpland, John 
 
 Taylor, Joseph Brinton, Henry Pierce, Evan Lewis. 
 Oct. 14, 1732.— Caleb Cowpland, Joseph Harvey, Joseph Bri nton, Thomas Thomas, 
 
 AVillinm Webb, Joseph Pennock, John Davis, William Hewos. 
 Oct. 15, 173'J.— Caleb Cowpland, Joseph Harvey, Joseph Brinton, John Davis, 
 
 Tliomas Thomas, Joseph Pennock, John Owen, William Moore. 
 Oct. 14, 17:14. — Josepli Harvey, Joseph Brinton, Caleb Cowpland, John Evans, 
 
 William Webb, William Moore, John Owen, Joseph Pennock. 
 Oct. 14, 1735,— Joseph Harvey, William Moore, Joseph Pennock, Caleb Cowp- 
 land, John Evans, John Parry, Joseph Brinton, Thomas Cumminga. 
 Oct. 14, 1736— Joseph Harvey. Thomas Cnmniings, John Evans, Caleb Cowp- 
 land, William Webb, William Moore, Thomas Chandler, John Parry. 
 Oct. 14, 17:i7.— Tliomas Chandler, Joseph Harvey, John Evana, Thomas Cnm- 
 
 miiigs, William Moore, James Gibbons, William Hughes, Richard Hayes. 
 Oct. 14, 1738.— William Moore, James Gibbons, Thomas Chandler, Joseph Har- 
 vey, .Tolin Owen, Thomas Tatnall, William Hughes, Jeremiah Starr. 
 Oct. 15, 1739.— James Gibbons, Thomas Chandler, Joseph Harvey, William 
 
 Hughes, Jeremiah Starr, William Moore, Sanuiel Levis, John Owen. 
 Oct. 14, 1740.— Thomas Chandler, Joseph Harvey, James Gibbons, William 
 
 Hughes, Samuel Levis, Johu Owen, Jeremiah Starr, Thomas Tatnall. 
 Oct. 14, 1741.— Joseph Harvey, Tliomaa Chandler, James Gibbons, John Owen, 
 
 Thomas Tatnall, Samuel Levis, William Hughes, Jeremiah Starr. 
 Oct. 14, 1742. — James Gibbons, John Owen, Samuel Levis, Jeremiah Starr, 
 
 Thomas Chandler, Joseph Harvey, William Hughes, Thomas Tatnall. 
 Oct. 14, 1743.— Jeremiah Starr, James Gibbons, Thomas Chandler, Joseph Har- 
 vey, Samuel Levis, Joseph Pennock, George Ashbridge, Jr., Francis Yaruall. 
 Oct. 16, 1744.— George Ashbridge, Francis Yaruall, Joseph Pennock, Samuel 
 Levis, James Gibbons, Joseph Harvey, Thomas Cummings, Thomas Chand- 
 ler. 
 Oct. 14, 1746.— Joseph Pennock, Thomas Cummings, George Ashbridge, Francis 
 
 Yarnall, Joseph Harvey, Samuel Levis, Robert Lewis, Thomas Chandler. 
 Oct. 14, 1746.— Francis Yarnall, George Ashbridge, Robert Lewis, Thomas 
 
 Worth, Samuel Levis, Peter Dicks, Thomas Chandler, John Owen. 
 Oct. 14, 1747.— Samuel Levis, Francis Yarnall, George Ashbridge, Thomaa 
 
 Worth, Peter Dicks, John Owen, John Davis, Thomas Chandler. 
 Oct. 14, 1748.— Thomas Worth, George Ashbridge, Francis Yarnall, John Davis, 
 
 John Owen, Joaeph Jamea, Thomas Chandler, Joseph Gibbons. 
 Oct. 14, 1749.— Joseph Gibbons, George Ashbridge, Henry Hockley, Thomas 
 Chandler, Nathauiel Grubb, Nathaniel Pennock, Roger Hunt, Thomas 
 Cummings. 
 Oct. 16, 1760.— Joseph Gibbons, George Ashbridge, Thomas Cummings, Henry 
 Hockley, Thomas Chandler, Natlianiel Grubb, Nathauiel Pennock, Peter 
 Dicks. 
 Oct. 14, 1751.— Joseph Gibbons, Thomas Cummings, George Ashbridge, Nathaniel 
 Grubb, Peter Dicks, Nathaniel Pennock, Henry Hockley, Thomas Chandler. 
 Oct. 14, 1752.— Joseph Gibbons, Thomas Cummings, Nathaniel Pennock, Peter 
 Dicks, George Ashbridge, Nathauiel Grubb, William Peters, Jacob Howell. 
 Oct. 16, 1763.— Thomas Cummings, Nathaniel Pennock, George Ashbridge, 
 Joseph Gibbons, Nathaniel Grubb, Peter Dicks, William Peters, Joseph 
 James. 
 Oct. 14, 1764.— George Ashbridge, Joseph Gibbons, Peter Dicka, Thomas Cum- 
 mings, Nathaniel Pennock, Nathaniel Grubb, Joaeph James, William Petere. 
 Oct. 14, 1765.- Thomas Cumminga, George Ashbridge, Nathaniel Pennock, Jo- 
 seph James, Joseph Gibbons, Nathaniel Grubb, William Peters,§ Peter 
 Dicka. 
 Oct. 14, 1756.— Joaeph Gibbons, Peter Dicks,|| John Morton, Roger Hunt, George 
 
 Ashbridge, Hugh Trimble, Nathaniel Pennock,|| Nathaniel Grubb. 
 Oct. 14, 1767.— Joaeph Gibbona, Geoige Ashbridge, John Morton, Roger Hunt, 
 
 Isaac Wayne, Nathaniel Grubb, Hugh Trimble, Joshua Ash. 
 Oct. 14, 17.58.— Joseph Gibbons', John Morton, George Ashbridge, Roger Hunt, 
 
 Hugh Trimble, Joshua Ash, Nathaniel Grubb, Isaac Wayne. 
 Oct. 16, 1769.— John Morton, George Ashbridge, Joshua Ash, Joseph Gibbona, 
 
 Hugh Trimble, Roger Hunt, Peter Dicks, Isaac Wayne. 
 Oct. 14, 1760.— George Ashbridge, John Morton, Roger Hunt, Joshua Ash, Jo- 
 seph Gibbons, Nathaniel Pennock, Isaac Wayne, William Boyd. 
 
 t Daniel Williamson died prior to March 8, 1727-28, and Philip Taylor, as suc- 
 cessor, took his seat May 14, 1728. 
 
 g William Peters resigned June 4, 1766, and John Morton, elected as liia suc- 
 cessor, took his seat June 29tii. 
 
 II Peter Dicks and Nathaniel Pennock resigned Oct. 16, 1756, and Isaac IS ayiie 
 and Ralph Pyle were elected to succeed them in the same month. Wayne took 
 his seat Nov. 2, and I'ylo Nov. 23, 1756. 
 
380 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Oct. 14, 1761.— JoBcph GibboDB, George Aslibridge, Natlianiel Pennock, Joshua 
 Ash, Jolin Morton, Issiac Wayne, Isaac Peareoii, Roger Hunt. 
 
 Oct. 14, 1762.— Natlianiel Penuock, George Ashbiidge, Joshna Ash, Isaac Pear- 
 son, John Morton, Isaac Wayne, Josejih Gibbons, John Jacobs. 
 
 Oct. 14, 1763. — George Ashbridgo, Joshua Ash, Isaac Pearson, John Morton, Na- 
 thaniel Pennock, John Jacobs, Isaac Wayne, Charles Humphreys. 
 
 Oct. 15, 17C4.— George Ashbridge, John Morton, Nathaniel Pennock, Joshua 
 Aah, Isaac Pearson, Charles Humphreys, John Jacobs, John Fairlamh, 
 
 Oct. 14, 1765.— John Morton, Gt-orge Ashbridge, John Jacobs, Nathaniel Pen- 
 nock, John Fairlanib,* Charles Humphreys, Isaac Peai-son. Joshua Ash. 
 
 Oct. 14, 1766.— John Morton,! George Ashbiidge, Nathaniel Pennock, Johji Ja- 
 cobs, Chark'S Humphreys, Isaac Pearson, Joshua Ash, John Miiishall. 
 
 Oct. 14, 1767.— Isaac Peaison, Charles Humphreys, George Ashbi'idge, John Min- 
 shall, Jonas Preston, John Jacobs, John Sellers, Nathaniel Pennock. 
 
 1768. — John Jacobs, Nathaniel Pennock, George Ashbridge, Charles Humphreys, 
 John Sellers, John Minshall, Isaac Peai-son, John Crosby. 
 
 1760. — George Ashbridge, Charles Humphreys, Isaac Pearson, John Sellers, John 
 Jacobs, John Minshall, John Crosby, John Morton. 
 
 1770. — Chailes Humphreys, Isaac Pierson, John Minshall, John Morton, John 
 Jacobs, John Crosby. George Ashbridge, John Sellers. 
 
 1771. — John Morton, Charles Humphreys, Isaac Pearson, John Jacobs, John Sel- 
 lers, John Minshall, George Ashbi'idge, John Crosby. 
 
 1772. — Charles Humphreys, Isaac Pearson, John Morton, John Jacobs, John 
 Minshall, James Hockley, George Ashbridge, Benjamin Battholomew. 
 
 1773. — Isaac Pierson, Benjamin Bartholomew, Jolin Jacobs, Charles Humphreys, 
 John Morton, James Gibbs, John Minshall, Joseph Pennock. 
 
 1774. — Benjamin Bartholomew, John Jacobs, Joseph Pennock, James Gibbons, 
 Isaac Pearson, Charles Humphreys, John Morton, Anthony Wayne. 
 
 1775. — John Morton (Speaker), Benjamin Bartholomew, James Gibbons, Isaac 
 Pearson, John Jacobs, Cbarlos Humphreys, Joseph Pennock, Joseph Pyle. 
 
 1776.t — John Jacobs, Caleb Davis, Joseph Gardner, John Fulton, Samuel Cun- 
 ningham, John Sellers. 
 
 1777.— Joseph Gardner, John Fulton, Samuel Cnnningham, John Culbertson, 
 Lewis Gronow, Stephen Cochran. 
 
 1778.— Joseph Gardner, Juhn Fulton, John Culbertson, Stephen Cochran, John 
 Fleming, Patrick Anderson. 
 
 1779.— John Fnlton, David Thomas, Henry Hayes, James Boyd, Patrick Anderson, 
 Joseph Park, William Harris, Skotcbley Murton. 
 
 1780. — David Thomas, Henry Hayi*s, Joseph Park, William Harris, James Boyd, 
 Patrick Anderson, John Culbertson, Evan Evans. 
 
 1781. — John Culbertson, Evan Evans, James Moore, Pei-sifor Frazer, Thomas 
 MafFat, Patrick Anderson, John Hannum, John Lindsay. 
 
 1782.— Persifor Frazer, James Boyd, Evan Evans, Thomas Strawbridge, Benjamin 
 Brannan, David Thomas, John Lindsay, Thomas MafFat. 
 
 1783. — David Thomas, Evan Evans, John Hannum, Joseph Park, Richard Will- 
 ing, Thomas Potts, Thomas Bull, Edward Jones. 
 
 1784. — Richard Willing, Anthony Wayne, Edward Jones, Robert Ralston, James 
 Moore, Thomas Potts, Persifor Frazer, Joseph Strawbridge, Charles Hum- 
 phreys. 
 
 1785. — Anthony Wayne, Robert Ralston, James Moore, Thomas Bull, John Han- 
 num, Robert Smith (Oxford), Samuel Evans, Jonathan Morris. 
 
 1786.— Robert Ralston, Richard Willing, James Moore, Samuel Evans, Richard 
 Thomas, Townseud Whelen. 
 
 1787. — Same members re-elected. 
 
 1788. — Richard Thomas, James Moore, Mark Wilcox, John McDowell, Caleb 
 James, Richard Downing. Jr. 
 
 1789.— Richard Thomas (2927 votes), John McDowell (2306), Jaleb James (2773), 
 Richard Downing, Jr. (2682). 
 
 This completes the list of members of Assembly until the adoptioa 
 of the constitution of 1790. Up to this period the Assembly had 
 consisted of but one house. The new constitution provided that the 
 legislative power should thereafter be vested in a General Assembly, 
 consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives, and that these 
 bodies should be composed of such numbers as the General Assembly 
 should determine at each septennial apportionment, the number of 
 senators not to be less than one-fourth nor more than one-third of 
 the number of representatives. 
 
 The first House of Representatives under this constitution was com- 
 posed of 72 members. In 1794 the number was increased to 80, in 
 1801 to 86, in 1808 to 95, in 1815 to 97, and in 1822 to 100. An 
 amendment to the constitution, adopted in 1857, provided that there- 
 after the House should consist of 100 members. 
 
 * John Fairlanib died prior to Fob. 8, 176G, and John Minshall, his successor, 
 took his seat May 6, 1766. 
 
 f Jonas Preston, elected March 23, 1767, in room of John Morton, who had 
 accepted the ofiice of sheriff. 
 
 X A marked change is apparent in the character of tlu' members of the Assem- 
 bly from this county on the breaking out of the Revolutionary war. Up to that 
 period they were largely of the Society of Friends. During the war, and for 
 several years thereafter, scarcely the name of a Friend appeal's in the list, their 
 places being iilled chiefly by pereons of Scotch-Irish and Welsh extraction. The 
 membere of tliat society being conscieutiously opposed to war, doubtless largely 
 withdrew froa» political affaiis. 
 
 Under the constitution of 1873 the number is increased to 200, and 
 the members are elected for two years. 
 1790.— Richard Downing (1103 votes), Caleb James (953), John McDowell (917), 
 
 James Boyd (SoO). 
 1791.— Richard Downing (2032), Caleb James (1941), James Boyd (1630), Samuel 
 
 Evans (876). 
 1792— Dennis Whelen (2883), Charles Dilworth (2362), John Hannum (1864), 
 
 Samuel Sharp (1713). 
 1793. — Dennis Whelen, Thomas Bull, John Ross, Joseph Pierce. 
 1794.- Thomas Bull, John Ross, Robert Frazer, Roger Kirk. 
 1795.— Thomas Bull, Robert Frazer, Roger Kirk, Joseph Pierce, Abiah Taylor. 
 1796.— Thomas Bull, Robert Frazer, Roger Kirk, Abiah Taylor, James Han- 
 num. 
 1797._LThomas Bull, Roger Kirk, Abiah Taylor, James Hannum, Joseph Hemp- 
 hill. 
 1798.— Same members re-elected. 
 1799. — Same memliers re-elected. 
 
 ISOO. — Thomas Bull, Roger Kirk, Abiah Taylor, Isaac Wayne. 
 1801.— Thomas Bull, John McDowell, Abiah Taylor,g Isaac Wayne, William Gib- 
 bons. 
 1802. — Joseph Park, James Fulton, Edward Darlington, Thomas Taylor, Methu- 
 selah Davis. 
 1803. — James Fulton, Edward Darlington, Methuselah Davis, John Boyd, Heze- 
 
 kiah Davis. 
 1804. — Same members re-elected. 
 1805.— John Boyd, Methuselah Davis, James Keltou, Francis Gardner, John G. 
 
 Bull. 
 1806. — Same members re-elected. 
 1807. — Joseph Park, James Kelton, William Worthington, Isaac Darlington, 
 
 George Evans, 
 1808.— James Kelton, John G. Bull, Isaac Darlington, George Evans, Abraham 
 
 Daily. 
 1809. — James Steele, John W, Cunningham, John Ramsay, Jacob Clemmons, 
 
 Roger Davis. 
 1810.— James Steele, John W. Cunningham, John Bamsay, Jacob Clemmons, 
 
 William Harris. 
 1811. — Edward Darlington, Jacob Clemmons, William Hams, John Reed, James 
 
 Brooke. 
 1812. — John G, Bull, Abraham Baily, John Menough, Nathan Pennypacker, Lea 
 
 Pnsey. 
 1813. — Edward Darlington, John Harris, John Reed, James Brooke, James 
 
 Hindman. 
 1814. — Nathan Pennypacker, John Menough, Lea Pusey, Jacob Humphrey, 
 
 James Roberts. 
 1815. — John Menough, Jacob Humphrey, James Roberts, Joseph Sharp, Juhn 
 
 Jones. II 
 1816.— Jolm Menough, Thomas Ashbridge, Evan Evans, Joseph Sliarp, Samuel 
 
 Cochran. 
 1817. — Same members re-elected. 
 1818.- Thomas Ashbridge, Wallace Boyd, John G. Parke, Joseph Sharp, Joshna 
 
 Hunt. 
 1819.— James Kelton, Thomas Ashbridge, Joshua Hunt, Abraham Baily, 
 
 Thomas Baird. 
 1820.— James Kelton, Joshua Hunt, Thomas Baird, Stephen Webb, Joshua 
 
 Evans. 
 1821.— Wallace Boyd, Timothy Kirk, Jonathan Jones, Elijah Lewis, Stephen 
 
 Webb. 
 1822.— Wallace Boyd, Timothy Kirk, Elijah Lewis, Jonathan Jones. 
 1823.— Elijah Lewis, Joshua Hunt, Davis Potts, Jr., John Chandler. 
 1824.— Joshua Hunt, David Potts, Jr., John Chandler, William Thompson. 
 1825. — Same menlbers re-elected. 
 1826.— William Thompson, Townsend Haines, Robert Miller, Matthias Pennj'- 
 
 packer. 
 1827. — Same members re-elected. 
 
 1828.— Robert Miller, John Morgan, Isaac Trimble. Dr. Samuel McCleane. 
 1829.— Joshua McMinn, Jesse James, Jesse Pugh, Gen. Matthew Stanley. 
 1830.— Thomas Ashbridge, Matthias Pennypacker, Arthur Andrews, Dr. Beiy'a- 
 
 min Griffith. 
 1831.— Thomaa Ashbridge, Aithur Andrews, Dr. Beiyamin Griffith, Elijah F. 
 
 Pennypacker, 
 1832.— Same members re-elected. 
 1833.— Oliver Alison, Dr. Samuel McCleane, Dr. Wilmer Worthington, Dr. 
 
 Thomas L. Smith. 
 1834— Elyah F. Pennypacker, Charles Brooke, John Hutchinson, John Parker. 
 1835. — Same members re-elecled. 
 1836.— John Paiker, Abraham R. Mcllvaine, Maurice Richardson, Isaac Down- 
 
 iug. 
 1837.— Abraham R. Mcllvaine, Maurice Richardson, William H. Dillingham, 
 
 Benjamin J. Passmore. 
 1838.-Mauric6 Richardson, Richard M, Barnard, William K. Correy, Beynard 
 
 Way. 
 1839.-^08eph Baily, Joshua Hartshorne, John Morgan, Joel Swayne. 
 
 § Abiah Taylor died Doc. 3, 1801, and Isaac Anderson was elected iu his stead, 
 and took his seat Dec. 29, 1801. 
 !| Johu Jones died, and Isaac Darlington was elected, Feb. 27, 1816 to fill the 
 
 vacancy. ' 
 
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 - ■f-^^J-f^^^^W^.l^j^.^- 
 
 
 Rfs of ROB'^ F chrism an, Schuylk/llTp. Chester Co Pa. 
 
 I* ^.^:-,ft ^^X^ti^^ 
 
 /fES. OF SUSAN W, LARGE, Sadsbury Tp. Chester Co. Pa. 
 
CIVIL AND JUDICIAL LISTS. 
 
 381 
 
 1840.— Jolin D. Steele, Kobert Futhey, 'Williain K. Cuvrey, Dr. John B. Chiis- 
 
 man. 
 184t.— William K. Correy, Eobeit Fiithey, Emmov Elton, Hubert Laverty. 
 1842. — Enimor Elton, Kubert Parke, Jusse C. Dickoy, John Beidler. 
 1843.— Robert Parke, Jesse C. Diukey, Joseph Whitaker. 
 1844.— Robert Parke, Jesse C. Dickey, William Price. 
 1845.— William Price, Philip D. Thomas, Geo. Ladley. 
 1846-47.— George Ladley, Henry S. Evans, Thomas K. Bnll. 
 1848.— Henry S. Evans, Thomas K. Bull, David J. Bent. 
 18i9.— David J. Bent, John S. Bowon, John Acker. 
 1850.— David J. Bent, John S. Buwen, James M. Dorian. 
 1851. — John Acker, William Chandler, Jesse James, 
 1852. — William Chandler, Jesse James, Dr. Joseph Hickman, 
 1853.— Robert B. Monagttan, Henry T. Evans, William Wheeler. 
 1854.— Dr. Matthias J. Penuypacker, Mark A. Hodgson, William R. Downing. 
 
 1855. — Andrew Buchanan, Joseph' Dowdall, Robuit Irvin. 
 
 1856. — Dr. Ebenezer V. Dickey, James Penrose, Paxson Vickera. 
 
 1857. — John Hodgson, Ebei W. Sharpe, Morton Garrett. 
 
 1858-59-60.— Isaac Acker, William T. Sliafer, Caleb Pierce. 
 
 1861-62-63.— P. Erazor Smith, William Windle, ilobert L. McCli-llan. 
 
 1864-65-66.— William B. Waddell, Katliau J. Sharplcss, Dr. Nathan A, Penny- 
 packer, 
 
 18G7, — John Hickman, James M. Phillips, Dr. Steiihen M, Meredith. 
 
 1868, — James M. Phillips, Dr. Stephen M, Meredith, Archimedes Robb, 
 
 1869, — James G. Roberts, Joseph C.'Kcech, Abel Dailingtou. 
 
 1870. — Joseph C. Keech, Levi Prizer, Sanmel H. Hoopes. 
 
 1871. — Joseph C Keech, Levi Piizer. 
 
 1872-73.— Levi Prizer, Dr. E, W, Daily. 
 
 1874.- E. W. Bally, Peter G. Carey, John P. Edge, George F. Smith. 
 
 1876,— Samuel Butler, William T, Fulton, Jesse Mathick, John P. Edge. 
 
 1878— Samuel Butler, William T, Fulton, Jesse Miitlack, John A, iteyuolds. 
 
 1880.— John A, Reynolds, Theodore K. Stubbs, John T. Potts, William Wayne. 
 
 It vpill be noted that the years given in the foregoing lists are those 
 in which the members were elected. 
 
 The member who served the longest term was George Ashbridge, who 
 tilled the office from 1743 to 1772, inclusive, a period of thirt3- con- 
 secutive years. John Morton wa.s a member seventeen years. lie 
 also subsequently represented the county in the Continental Congress, 
 and was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. 
 Joseph Gibbons and Nathaniel Pennock each were members sixteen 
 years ; David Lloyd and John Blunston — both of whom were Speakers 
 of the Assembly — were each members eleven years, and Caleb Pusey 
 and Nathaniel Grubb each ten years. These all were members prior to 
 the adoption of the constitution of 1790. Since then the members 
 who have serVed the longest periods were Thomas Bull, who iilled the 
 office from 1793 to 1801, Inclusive, nine years, and Roger Kirk, from 
 1794 to 1800, inclusive, seven years. 
 
 . Since 1790 no member from Chester County, so far as we are 
 aware, has filled the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 This has been doubtless owing, in some measure, to the proverbial 
 modesty of our people, who are not wont to unduly magnify their 
 own importance, or to push their way into positions of proihinence. 
 It has certainly not been owing to any lack of members qualified for 
 the office, as a glance at the foregoing lists will show that this county 
 has frequently been represented by men who would have graced any 
 position which they might have been selected to occupy. 
 
 It will be observed that during the same period — from 1790 to the 
 present time— but nine lawyers have been elected from this county to 
 the House of Representatives. These, with their terms of service, 
 were Robert Frazer, three years ; Joseph Hemphill (afterwards Judge 
 Hemphill), three years; Isaac Darlington, three years; Townsend 
 Haints, two years ; William H. Dillingham, one year ; John S. Bowen, 
 two years; Robert E. Monaghan, one year; P. Frazer Smith, three 
 years; William B. Waddell, three years; and John Hickman, one 
 year. It cannot be claimed that the members of the bar have had 
 representative honors unduly conferred upon them. 
 
 Of those who were members prior to 1841, forty years ago, but 
 three are now living, — Elijah F. Pennypaoker, Joshua Hartshorno, 
 and Joseph Baily. 
 
 COUNCILORS, 1681-1789. 
 
 Governor Markbam, upon his arrival at the Delaware, July 1, 1681, 
 proceeded to call a Council, consisting of nine persons, who met and 
 were qualified on the 3d of August. 
 
 According to the first "frame of government," prepared by Wil- 
 liam Penn, and signed May 5, 1682, it was to consist of a Governor, 
 Provincial Council, and General Assembly. It was directed that on the 
 20th of the 12th month in that year the freemen should elect seventy- 
 two persons as councilors, — one-third for three years, one-tbird for 
 
 two years, and one-third for one year next ensuing, — and that on the 
 20th of 12th month yearly thereafter twenty-four persons should be 
 so chosen. 
 
 Writs wore issued by Penn in the 11th month (January), 1682, for 
 the election of twelve persons in each of the six counties on the 20th 
 of the next month, who were to meet in Council on the 10th of March. 
 On the latter date the Council met, and the sherifl's made return of the 
 writs, together with petitions frtim the inhabitants, of which Thomas 
 Usher presented the following from Chester County : 
 
 " To William Peun, proprietary and governor of the province of Pennsyl- 
 vania and teri'itoi'ies thereoi': 
 
 " The petiliun of the freeholders of the County of Chester respectfully showetli 
 That in obedience to the writ sent to our shei-iff wo have chosen twelve persona 
 for our delegates to serve in the pruvincuil council, but considering thjit the 
 nnmliei-a of the (icople are yet small, and that we have few fit or acquainted 
 with such public Im.Hincss, and also that we are unable to support the charge of 
 greater elections and Assemblies, after our humble acknowledgment of the 
 favor intended us therein, we take leave humbly to request that three of the 
 twelve we have chosen may serve as provincial councilors, and the other nine 
 for the Assembly, which provincial cuuiicilors are Jolm Symcoek, for three 
 years, Ralph Withers, for two years, and Williain Clayton, for one year, leaving 
 it to thee to increase the number, as occasion shall serve hereafter,"* 
 
 This arrangement was a.greed to, and by a new frame of govern^ 
 ment the number of councilors was reduced to three from each 
 county. This number was subject to future changes by the Governor, 
 Council, and Assembly, but was never to exceed the limitations of the 
 charter. 
 
 In 1693 the government of tlie province being placed by the crown 
 under the care of Governor Fletcher, of New York, the latter chose 
 his own Council of twelve persons, who served for that and the follow- 
 ing year. In 1695, under Governor Markbam, the former plan of 
 election was resumed, and of those ciiosen this year a committee was 
 selected to prepare a new frame of government, as the old was not 
 sfl.tisfactory to the people. Nothing was accomplished at once in that 
 direction, and the next year the Governor, instead of ordering an 
 election, selecte$l liis own Council. A frame of government was now 
 completed, under which councilors were elected for one year only, 
 two from each county. In 1700 three members were again elected, 
 but their service was short, as the old charter was surrendered in the 
 3d month (May), and a new one granted, under which councilors 
 ceased to be elective, being appointed by the proprietary or his lieu- 
 tenant. At a council, 7, 17, 1701, — 
 
 " Capt. Sam' fflnney being Called to the Board by the Gov to aBsist in Council, 
 was admitted and took and subscribed the fidlowing attestation," etc.: 
 
 April 21, 1702,—" The Govenior Informed the Board That he had been given 
 to understand that the Propry, before his departure, had proposed and Intended 
 John ifinney, eldest son of Capt. Sam" flinney, now Resident of the County of 
 Chester, to be admitted a member of Council of this Government npon which it 
 was proposed to the Council and thereupon Order'd that the s^ John fliuney 
 should he fforthwitli admitted, and accordingly 
 
 "The said John fflnney was admitted and took the several Oaths Injnined to 
 be taken by officers in Government, and the attestation of a member of Council, 
 and thereupon took a Chair at the Board," 
 
 Prom this time until the Revolution but few councilors were from 
 Chester County. The report of Governor Gordon to the Lords of 
 Trade and Plantations in 1731 says, — 
 
 " There is a Council, not limited to any number, consisting of about twelve, 
 .... wth whom the Governor advises in all matters Laid before him by the 
 House, or of any impoifcmce." 
 
 The Revolutionary convention of January, 1 776, appointed a " Coun- 
 cil of Safety," and the convention of 1776,t usurping the whole gov- 
 ernment, appointed a Council of Safety, and formed a constitution 
 which went into immediate effect without a vote of the people. The 
 legislative power was now vested in a General Assembly of one House, 
 elected annually, and the supreme executive power in a Council of 
 
 * Hazard's Annals, p. 603, 
 
 t The names of the members of the convention from Chester County were 
 Benjamin Bartholomew, John Jacobs, Tiiomas Strawbridge, Robert Smith, 
 Samuel Cunningham, John Hart, John Mackey, and John Fleming, This con- 
 vention had its origin in an assembly called the " Provincial Conference," which 
 was convened in pureuance of a rcsolulion of Congress reconnuending a change 
 in the form of State governments. It met at Philadelphia on the 18th of June. 
 The members fnnn Chester County were Col. Kicluird Thonme, Miij, William 
 Evans, Col. Thomas Hockley, Maj. Caleb Davis, Blisha Price, Esq,, Mr, Samuel 
 Fairlamb, Col, William Montgomery, Col. Hugh Lloyd, Kicliard Kiley, Esq:, 
 Col. Evan Evims, Col. Lewis Greno, Maj, Sketchley Morton, and Capt, Thomas 
 Levis. 
 
382 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 twelve persons, elected in classes for a term of three years, with a 
 president elected annually by a joint ballot of the Assembly and 
 Council. This constitution continued in force till 1790. 
 
 The minutes and proceedings of the Council under the proprietary 
 government, of the Council of Safety, and of the Supreme Executive 
 Council, covering the period from 1683 to the year 1790, were pub- 
 lished by the Sta.te several years since in sixteen volumes, which con- 
 tain a vast amount of historical matter. 
 
 The following is believed to be a pretty complete list of the mem- 
 bers of Council from Chester County : 
 
 1G81. — Robert Wade, James Sandelands, William Woodmansey, Chester; Wil- 
 liam Clayton, Chichester. 
 
 1683.— William Claytun, for one year; Ealph Withers, for two years (died 1683 
 -84), Chichester (?) ; John Simcock, for three yeara, Ridley. 
 
 1684. — William Clayton, for one year (died 1689) ; William Wood,* vice Withers, 
 Dai-by(died 1685) ; Christopher Taylor, probably elected from Bucks County, 
 now residing at Tinicum, 
 
 1685. — Nicholas Newlin, Concord. 
 
 1686. — John Simcock, re-elected; Francis Harrison, vice Wood (?), Chichester. 
 
 1687.— John Bristow, Chester. 
 
 1688.— Bartholomew Coppock, Springfield (died 1720). 
 
 1689. — John Simcock, re-elected. 
 
 1090. — John Bliinstou, declined, Darby ; William Howell, vice Blunstou (also do- 
 sired to be excused), Haverford. 
 
 1691. — John Bristuw, probably re-elected, 
 
 1692. — Samuel Levis, Springfield ; John Simcock. 
 
 1693-94. — George Foreman, Chichester. 
 
 1695.— George Maris, for one year, Springfield; Caleb Pusey, for two yqars; 
 David Lloyd, for three years, Chester; John Simcock also signs the qualifi- 
 cation September 10th of this year. 
 
 1G96. — Jasper Yatea, only member from county, Chester. 
 
 1697. — John Simcock and Caleb Pusey. 
 
 1098 — John Simcock and David Lloyd. 
 
 1699.— Caleb Pusey and David Lloyd. 
 
 1700 —David Lloyd, elected for three yeara; Caleb Pusey, for two years; John 
 Simcock, for one year. 
 
 AFTER SnRRBNDEE OF CHARTER. 
 1700.— Caleb Pusey, continued till 1715. 
 1702. — John Finney. 
 
 COMMITTEE OF SAFETY. 
 1775, June 30th.— Anthony Wayne, Benjamin Bartholomew, Francis Johnston, 
 
 Richard Riley. 
 1775, Ootobor.-^Same, with Nicholas Fairlamb added. 
 1776.— Council of Safety, Benjamin Bartholomew. 
 
 SUPREME EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. 
 1777.— John Evans (March 4th). 
 1777. — John Mackey, Esq. (November 2lBt). 
 1779.— Dr. Joseph Gardner. 
 1782.— Dr. John McDowell. 
 1785.— Evan Evans, Esq. 
 1788.— Col. Richard Willing, of Haverford. 
 
 For some reason— perhaps owing to the division of our county, 
 which left it without representation— an election was held in 17S9, and 
 Dr. Thomas Euston elected by 1586 votes. His claim to a seat in 
 Council was rejected, Oct. 29, 1789. 
 
 CONGRESS. 
 The first American Congress convened in the city of New York on 
 the first Tuesday of October, 1765, and was composed of delegates from 
 nine of the colonies. It originated in a call issued by the Legislature 
 of Massachusetts, inviting all the colonies to send delegates to a con- 
 gress, to consider the oppressive measures enacted by the British Par- 
 liament. This Congress drew up a declaration of rights, a memorial 
 to Parliament, and a petition to the king, in which they claimed the 
 
 * The following is a copy of the return made by the shorifl- of the election 
 hold by him for Chester County iu 1684, with the omission of the recital of his 
 warrant, etc, ; 
 
 " I have accordingly made my Summons of the freeholders who hath made 
 Choise of those persons following for the service afores'i by which I thus make 
 ■my return 
 
 for the provencial Concel 
 William wade [Wood] in y room of Ralph withers 
 William Claiton for one year 
 for Assembly John Blunston georg maries Joshua Hasting, Robert wade 
 Henry matukes Thomas usher 
 
 "I Heare Declare that they was Lafully Chosen and may freely Appear to 
 make up an Assembly according to Charter in witness whereunto I sett my hand 
 and scale the 10" 3"« 1684. 
 
 "Th. Witueks." 
 
 right of being taxed only by their own representatives. The colonial 
 Assemblies approved the proceedings of the Congress, and thus, for the 
 first time in their history, a federal union was formed among the 
 American colonies. 
 
 Chester County had the honor of having a representative in this 
 first Congress in the person of John Morton, who resided in that part 
 of the county now constituting Delaware County. 
 
 The next Congress of the colonies, composed of delegates elected by 
 the Assemblies and in conventions, assembled in Carpenters' Hall, in 
 Philadelphia, on the 5th of September, 1774. The whole number of 
 deputies was fifty-five, representing all the colonies except Georgia; 
 of these, eight were from Pennsylvania, two of whom, John Morton 
 and Charles Humphreys, resided in Chester County. 
 
 This Congress — usually known in history as the " First Continental 
 Congress," although in reality the Second Congress of the colonies — 
 was perhaps never excelled by any collection of men for talents, firm- 
 ness, and judgment. They were possessed of the purest minds and 
 the most disinterested patriotism. The cause of the selection of such 
 suitable men was to be found in the then purity of the elections, the 
 absence of any selfish and private aims, and the patriotism of the peo- 
 ple. Instinctively the people had turned to their best men for coun- 
 sel and action in the trying situation in which they were placed by 
 the action of the mother-country. They sat with closed doors, and 
 continued in session about eight weeks. 
 
 The next Continental Congress, usually known as the Second, con- 
 vened on the 10th of May, 1775. It had been hoped and believed that 
 there would be no necessity for the assembling of this body; that the 
 representations made to the home government would induce them to 
 reconsider their action and bring the desired relief. In this, however, 
 they were mistaken ; the Parliament persisted in the insane attempt 
 to force their obnoxious measures upon the people, and there appeared 
 to be no remedy but a resort to arms. 
 
 John Morton and Charles Humphreys, who, as already Observed, 
 had been members of the First Congress, were members of this Second 
 Congress, and were also members of the Congress of 1776. When the 
 vote was taken on the Declaration of Independence, on July 4, 1776, 
 John Morton voted for the Declaration and Charles Humphreys 
 against it. 
 
 From 1777 to 1779 tlliester County was represented in Congress by 
 William Clingan, of West Cain township. He was a member at the 
 time of the adoption of the Articles of Confederation, under which the 
 country was governed from 1778 to 1789. 
 
 Dr. Joseph Gardner, of Chester County, was a member of the Con- 
 tinental Congress in 1784 and 1785. He resided near Sadsburyville, 
 and practiced his profession. He was an active man among the Rev- 
 olutionary patriots of the county, was three years a member of the 
 Assembly, and was chosen councilor in 1779. His descendants rank 
 among the most respectable and worthy citizens of our ancient county. 
 Prior to and under the Articles of Confederation the members of 
 Congress were chosen annually by the Legislatures of the several 
 States. 
 
 Under the Constitution of the United States, adopted in 1788, mem- 
 bers of the House of Representatives are chosen every second year by 
 the people, in such manner as the Legislatures of the several States 
 shall from time to time determine, the number of members to which 
 each State is entitled being fixed every ten years by act of Congress. 
 
 The election for delegates to the First Congress was by general ticket, 
 the following being the candidates and number of votes received by 
 each in Chester County : 
 
 Heniy Wynkoop 904 
 
 Thomas Hartley go3 
 
 Frederick A. Muhlenberg 90I 
 
 Thomas Fitzsimmous 900 
 
 John Allison ggg 
 
 Thomas Scott 895 
 
 George Clymer. 890 
 
 Stephen Chambers 890 
 
 Peter Muhlenberg 211 
 
 Daniel Heister ii09 
 
 William Pinley 205 
 
 Charles Pettit 204 
 
 William Montgomery 199 
 
 Robert Whitehill 199 
 
 William Irwin 198 
 
 Blair McCIenegan 198 
 
 By act of March 16, 1791, the State was divided into eight districts 
 for the election of representatives in Congress; of which Chester and 
 Montgomery Counties formed the Third District, the judges to meet at 
 the house of Casper Fahnestock, in East Whiteland. Under this act 
 an election was held in October, and Israel Jacobs, of Montgomery 
 County, chosen, his opponent being ,Iohn Hannum. 
 
 An act was passed April 7, 1792, providing for election again by 
 general ticket, but on April 22, 1794, another act divided the State 
 into twelve districts, of which Chester and Delaware Counties formed 
 the Third. This division continued until 1802. In that year, and 
 
CIVIL AND JUDICIAL LISTS. 
 
 383 
 
 every tenth year therenftor, the State lias boon distriotod according to 
 the number of moinbors to which it was entitled under the decennial 
 enumerations of the inhabitants of the United States. 
 
 These districts, so far as they included Chester County, have been 
 as follows ; 
 
 1788. — Election by general ticket. 
 
 1791. — Chester and Montgomery, Second District, one member. 
 
 1792.— Election by general ticket. 
 
 1794. — Cheater and Delaware, Third District, one member. 
 
 1802. — Chester, Berks, and Lancaster, Third District, three mombere. 
 
 1812. — Chester and Montgomery, Second District, two mcmbei's. 
 
 1822. — Chester, Delaware, and Lancaster, Fourth District, tlireo nieinhors. 
 
 1832.— Checiter, Delaware, and Lancaster, Fourth District, three members. 
 
 1842. — Chester, Seventh District, one member. 
 
 1852. — Chester and Delaware, Sixth District, one member. 
 
 1862. — Chester and Dela\Yare, Seventh District, one member. 
 
 1872. — The same. 
 
 In 1792 the following were the candidates on the genornl ticket and 
 the votes received by them in this county : 
 
 Frederick A. Muhlenberg. 2034 
 
 William Irvine 2011 
 
 Daniel Heister 2(J09 
 
 William Kindley 2003 
 
 Ji.hn Wilkes Kittera 1990 
 
 Thomas Hai;tley 1973 
 
 Thomas Fitzsimmous 1813 
 
 Heni7 'Wyiikoop 1801 
 
 Thunina Scott 1787 
 
 Samuel Sitgreaves 1721 
 
 James Armstrong 1654 
 
 William liiughani 1285 
 
 Peter Muhlenberg 950 
 
 Ismel Jacobs 729 
 
 Jonathan D. Sergeant 097 
 
 Charles Thomson 519 
 
 Andrew Gregg 321 
 
 William Montgomery 2ti2 
 
 John Smilie 2()1 
 
 John Barclay 104 
 
 The first member of Congress from Chester County under the con- 
 stitution of 1788 was Richard Thomas, of West Whiteland township, 
 lie was elected to the Fourth Congress in October, 1794, and served 
 until the end of the Sixth Congress, on March 4, 1801. 
 
 The followihg is a list of the members from Chester County, with 
 the years in which they were elected, the number of the Congress, and 
 their term of service : 
 
 1794.— IV., Kichard Thomas, West Whiteland. 
 
 1796.— V. 
 
 1798.— VI. " " " 
 
 1800.— VIL, Joseph Hemphill, West Chester. 
 
 1802. — VIII., Isaac Anderson, Charlcstowu (uow Schuylkill). 
 
 1804.— IX. " " " " 
 
 1800.— X., John Heister, Coventry. 
 
 1808.— XI., Daniel Heister, West Chester. 
 
 1810.— XII., Dr. Roger Davis, Charlestowu. 
 
 1812.— XIII. " 
 
 1814.— XIV., Dr. Wm. Darliugton, West Chester. 
 
 1816.— XV., Isaac Darlington, West Chester. 
 
 1818.— XVI., Dr. Wm. Darlington, West Chester. 
 
 1820.-XVII. " " " " 
 
 1822.— XVIII., Col. Isaac Wayne, Easttown. 
 
 1824.— XIX., Charles Miner, West Chester. 
 
 1826.— XX. " " " " 
 
 1828.— XXI., Joshua Evans, Trcdyffrin. 
 
 1830.— XXII. ' 
 
 1830.— XXII., David Potts, Jr., East Nautraeal (now Warwick). 
 
 1832.— XXIII. " " " " " 
 
 1834.— XXIV. " " " " " 
 
 1830.— XXV. " " " " " 
 
 1838.— XXVI., Francis James, West Chester. 
 
 1840.— XXVII. " " " " 
 
 1843.- XXVIIL, Abraham B. McIIvaine, West Nantmoal (now Wallace). 
 
 1844.— XXIX. " " " 
 
 1846.— XXX. " " " " " " 
 
 1848.— XXXI., Jesse 0. Dickey, New London. 
 
 I860.— XXXII., Dr. John A. Morrison, West Fallowfleld. 
 
 1852.— XXXIII., William Everhart, W^est Chester. 
 
 1854.- XXXIV., John Hickman, West Chester. 
 
 1856.— XXXV. " " 
 
 1858.— XXXVI. " " " " 
 
 18U0.— xxxvn. " « " " 
 
 1862.— XXXVIII., John M. Broomall, Delaware County. 
 1864.— XXXIX. " " " " 
 
 1866.— XL. " " " " 
 
 1868.— XLI., Washington Towuscnd, West Chester. 
 1870.— XLIL " " " " 
 
 1872.— XLIIL " " " " 
 
 1874.— XLIV. " " " " 
 
 1876.— XliV., William Ward, Chester. 
 1878.— XLVI. " " " 
 
 1880.— XLVII. " " " 
 
 It will be observed that Chester County had two members in the 
 Twenty-second Congress, elected in 1830, — Joshua Evans and David 
 Potts, Jr. This was occasioned by the defeat of the candidates nomi- 
 
 nated in Delaware County, in the triple district, whereby a candidate 
 of each political party was elected from Chester County. 
 
 It will also be noted that the iirst election of Abraham R. McII- 
 vaine was in 1843 instead of 1842, the regular year for the election. 
 This was owing to the fact that the Legislature failed to pass an ap- 
 portionment bill in 1842, and no election was held until the ne.tt year. 
 
 MEMBERS OP THE SENATE. 
 
 The Constitution of 1790 provided that the Legislative power of the 
 Commonwealth should be vested in a General Assembly, consisting of 
 a Senate and House of Uopresentatives, the number of senators not to 
 be less than one-fourth nor more than one-third of the number of 
 representatives. 
 
 The Senate on its organization was composed of 18 members. In 
 1801 the number was increased to 25, in 1808 to 31, and in 1822 lo 
 33, of which latter number it consisted until 1874, when it was again 
 increased to 50. 
 
 In the first division of the State into districts for the election of 
 senators, Chester County was constituted a district, and was allotted 
 one member. In the apportionment made in 1808, Chester and Del- 
 aware Counties were united in one district and allotted two members. 
 These counties continued to form one district with two members until 
 1836, when Montgomery County was added, and the three counties 
 allowed throe members. In 1843 Chester and Delaware were again 
 constituted one district, but with only one member. In 1864 Mont- 
 gomery County was again added, and the three counties allowed two 
 members. In 1871 Chester and Delaware were again constituted a 
 district, with one member. 
 
 It will thus be seen that this senatorial district was composed of 
 Chester County alone from 1790 to 1808; of Chester and Delaware 
 from 1808 to 1836; of Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery from 1836 
 to 1843 ; of Chester and Delaware from 1843 to 1864; of Chester, Del- 
 aware, and Montgomery from 1864 to 1871 ; and again of Chester and 
 Delaware from 1871 to 1874, since which Chester County alone forms 
 a district. 
 
 The term of service under the constitution of 1790 was lour years, 
 under the constitution adopted in 1838 three years, and by that of 
 1873 four years. 
 
 The following is a list of those who have represented this district in 
 the Senate, with the years in which they were elected and the num- 
 ber of years they served ; 
 
 FROM CHESTER COUNTY. 
 
 1790. 
 1704. 
 1797. 
 1798. 
 1802. 
 1806. 
 1810. 
 
 1811. 
 
 1814. 
 1818. 
 1820. 
 1822. 
 1820. 
 1830. 
 1834. 
 
 Richard Thomas, f<jur years. 
 Dunuis Whel^n, three years. 
 Joseph McClellan, one year. 
 Dennis Whelen, four yeara. 
 John Heister, four years. 
 Isaac Wayne, four years. 
 Isaac Wayne (re-elected), one 
 
 year. 
 John Gemmill (in place of Isaac 
 
 Waj ne, resigned), three years. 
 Abraham Baily, four years. 
 Samuel Cochian, four years 
 Isaac D. Barnard, four yeai-s. 
 James Kelton, four years. 
 Joshua Hunt, four yeare. 
 William Jackson, four yeare. 
 Francis James, four yeare. 
 
 1838. 
 1842. 
 1845. 
 
 1851. 
 1857. 
 1863. 
 
 1866. 
 
 1872. 
 
 1874. 
 1876, 
 1880. 
 
 Nathaniel Brooke, four years. 
 
 Joseph Baily, three years. 
 William Williamson, three 
 years. 
 
 Henry S. Evans, three years. 
 
 Thomas S. Bell, three years. 
 
 Dr. Wilmer Worthington, three 
 yeare. 
 
 Dr. Wilmer Worthington (re- 
 elected), three yeare. 
 
 Henry S. Evans, until his death, 
 February, 1872. 
 
 William B. Waddell (at special 
 election), for balance of term. 
 
 Robert L. McClellan, two years. 
 
 James B. Everhart, four years. 
 
 James B. Everhart, re-elected. 
 
 FROM DELAWARE COUNTY WHILE FORMING A DISTRICT WITH 
 CHESTER, OR WITH CHESTER AND MONTG0.MERY. 
 
 1808. Jonas Preston, four years. 
 1812. John Newhold, four years. 
 1816. Maakel Bwing, four yeare. 
 1824. John Kerlin, four years. 
 1828. John Kerlin (re-elected), four 
 
 yeai-s. 
 1832. Dr. George Smith, four years. 
 
 1836. Henry Myers, four yeare. 
 1839. Dr. John T. Huddleson, three 
 
 years. 
 1848. H. Jones Brooke, three years. 
 1854. James J. Lewis, three years. 
 18G0. Jacob S. Serrill, three yeare. 
 1809. H. Jones Brooke, three years. 
 
 FROM MONTGOMERY COUNTY, WHILE FORMING A DISTRICT WITH 
 CHESTER AND DELAWARE. 
 
 1839. John B. Sterigere, one year. i 1867. Charles H. Stinson, three years. 
 
 1840. Abraham Brower, three years. 1873. Thomas V. Cooper, three yeare. 
 1864. Horace Royer, three yeare. I 
 
 While Chester and Delaware formed a district, from 1808 to 1836, 
 with two members, each county furnished a member, except that in 
 1820, when it was the turn of Delaware County to have the candidate. 
 
384 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Isaac D. Barnard, of Chester County^ was elected, and rhus this county 
 had two meiAbers for four years. 
 
 When Chester, Delaware, and Alontgomery were united in a district, 
 in 1836, Dr. James Paul represented Montgomery County, having 
 been elected in 1835. At the expiration of his term, in 1839, John 
 B. Sterigere was elected by the new district. The constitution of 
 1838, which fixed the term of the senators thereafter elected at three 
 years, provided that the senators elected in 1839 should be divided by 
 the Senate, at the first session after the election, into three classes, 
 their terms of service to expire respectively at the end of one, two, 
 and three years. Under the allotment made in pursuance of this pro- 
 vision, Mr. Sterigere served but one year, and at the election in 1840 
 Abraham Brower was chosen his successor. 
 
 From 1843 to 1864, while Chester and Delaware Counties consti- 
 tuted a district with oqe member, the two counties alternately fur- 
 nished the member. 
 
 Of the senators in the foregoing list from Chester County, Isaac D. 
 Barnard, Francis James, William AVilliamson, Thomas S. Bell, William 
 B. Waddell, and James B. Everhart were members of the bar. Wil- 
 liam Williamson and Dr. Wilmer Worthington were Speakers of the 
 Senate. 
 
 The present constitution provided that one-half the members 
 elected in 1874 should serve two years and the other half for four, and 
 it fell to the lot of this county to begin with the short term. 
 
 In 17^0 the vote for Kichard Thomas was 644, and for his oppo- 
 nent, Thomas Ross, 44)7. 
 
 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS. 
 
 As all are aware, the people do not vote directly for President and 
 Vice-President of the United States, but for electors, each State being 
 authorized by the Constitution of the United States to appoint in 
 such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct a number of elec- 
 tors equal to the number of senators and representatives the State 
 may be entitled to in Congress. 
 
 The electors meet in their respective States, and vote directly for 
 President and Vice-President, and the persons having the highest 
 number of electoral votes — if such number be a majority of the whole 
 — are declared elected. In the event of a failure to elect by this mode, 
 the election of the President devolves upon the House of Representa- 
 tives, and the Vice-President upon the Senate, who conduct the elec- 
 tion in the manner directed by the Constitution. 
 
 The electors may be either selected by the Legislatures or elected 
 by the people. In Penn8ylva,nia the electors who voted for Gen. 
 AVashington on his first election were appointed by the Legislature j 
 since then, by act of Assembly, they have always been elected by 
 the people. 
 
 The following is a complete list of those who have filled the office of 
 Presidential electors from Chester County, with two from Delaware 
 County, representing the congressional district: 
 
 1792, Washington's second election, Thomas Bull. 
 1796, Adams' election, Jiimes Boyd. 
 1804, JeflForson's second election, James Boyd. 
 1808, Madison's first election, George Haitman. 
 1812, Madison's second election, James Fulton. 
 1816, Monroe's fiist election, Isaac Audei-aon, 
 1820, Monroe's second election, 'WjlUam Cliugan. 
 1824, J. Q. Adams' election, Cromwell Pearce. 
 1828, Jackson's first election, John W. Cuuiuglmm. 
 1832, Jackson's second election, Oliver Alison. 
 1836, Van Bureu's election, Oliver Alison. 
 1840, Harrison's election, A. R. Mcllvuine. 
 1844, Polk's election, Jesse Sharp. 
 1848, Taylor's election, John D. Steele. 
 1852, Pierce's election, N. Strickland. 
 1856, Buchanan's election, John H. Brinton. 
 18G0, Lincoln's first election, J. M. Broomall. 
 1864, Lincoln's second election, Eobert Parke. 
 1868, Grant's first election, Francis 0. Hooton. 
 1872, Grant's second election, John M. Broomall. 
 1876, Hayes' election, Joseph W. Barnard. 
 1880, Garfield's election, David F. Houston. 
 
 No electors are given for 1789 and 1800, owing to the fact that in 
 those years none of the electors resided in Chester County. 
 
 The above-named electors did not always vote for the successful can- 
 didate. In 1796, when John Adams was elected, Jeff'erson received 
 all the votes of the Electoral College of Pennsylvania except one, 
 which was cast for Adams. In 1824 the whole electoral vote of the 
 
 State was east for Jackson, although John Quincy Adams was elected 
 by the House of Rej)resentative8, on whom the election devolved, in 
 consequence of neither candidate having received a majority of the 
 whole number of electoral votes. 
 
 With these exceptions, Pennsylvania has always voted for the suc- 
 cessful candidate, so that it has come to be a common saying in Presi- 
 dential contests, " As goes Pennsylvania so goes the Union," 
 
 ATTORNEYS. 
 
 In the early days of the province attorneys do not seem to have 
 been generally employed in the Common Pleas, the parties interested 
 being allowed to make their representations in person or by a friend. 
 Of those who do appear on the records prior to 1750, few if any re- 
 sided within the county. In the Upland court, June, 1677, it was 
 ordered, 
 
 " Tliat all declarations must bee Entered att Least the day before the Co'*^ as 
 when the Clarke is t** attend att Upplands. 
 
 *' Tliat no p'son bee admitted to plead for any other p^son as an attorney In 
 Cort wthout he first have his admittance of the Co'* or have a warrant of attor- 
 ney for his 80 doeing from his Clyant." 
 
 Subsequently, however, there was entered on the record the follow- 
 ing order of the Governor and Council, dated at " Forte James y« 19'** 
 of May, 1677": 
 
 "Resolved, and ordered tliat pleading attorneys bee no Longer allowed to prac- 
 tize in y« governmn* but for yo depending Causes." 
 
 In the petition of Francis Daniel Pastorius, read in Council March 
 3, 1708-9, relating to a suit of ejectment brought against the Frank- 
 ford Company in the court of Philadelphia County, he complains that 
 his antagonist had "fee'd or retain'd the four known lawyers of this 
 Province," and that himself was poor and unable to fetch lawyers 
 from New York or remoter places. In another representation Pasto- 
 rius says that when the case came up in court all the lawyers had been 
 feed except Thomas Clark, " who, rising as if he would speak some- 
 thing to the matter, was taken by the sleeve and whispered in the ear 
 [by David Lloyd], 'Be quiet; you shall have forty shillings;' " or, 
 as John Jawert states it, " Thorn, hold thy tongue ; th^u shalt have 
 forty shillings." 
 
 In former times attorneys presented their petitions for admission, 
 some of which are on file, and the following is a specimen : 
 
 " To the Worshipfull, the Justices of the County Court of Comon Pleas at 
 Chester. 
 " The humble Petition of John Boss, Gent, sheweth — 
 
 "That Your Petit' has serT'd as an apprentice to an attorney at Law in this 
 province of Pennsylvania for the space of Five Years last past. 
 " Therefore Your Petif prays to be admitted as an attorney of this Court. 
 "And he shall ever pray, &c. 
 
 " John Koss. 
 " Chester, Aug' 27^11, 1735." 
 
 Many persons not "learned in the law" appeared in behalf of and 
 as attorneys for others, but the following lawyers are known to have 
 practiced, or to have been admitted, as early as the dates given : 
 
 1683.— John White, Abraham Man. 
 
 1698. — John Moore, David Loyd. 
 
 1726.— Kalph Assheton, John Kiusey, Peter Evans, Francis Sherrard, Joseph 
 
 Growdon, Jr. 
 1730.— Alexander Keith (admitted February 23d). 
 1734.— WiUiam Rawle. 
 1735.— John Rosm (admitted August 27th), James Hamilton, John Robinson, 
 
 Thomas Hopkinson. 
 1736.— Alexander Piercey (admitted December lat), James Keating, Andrew 
 
 Hamilton. 
 1738.— William Assheton (admitted November 28th). 
 1739.— William Peters. 
 1740.— John Webb. 
 
 1741.— Tenoh Francis, Edmund Acworth (admitted February 23d), Neil Harris. 
 1742.— Robert Hartshorno, Richard Peters, John Mather^ James Read (admitted 
 
 September Ist). 
 1743.— John Moland, Townsend White. 
 1744.— David Etiwards. 
 1745, — Benjamin Price. 
 1747. — John Lawrence. 
 1748.— Edward Shippen, Jr. 
 1749.— Joseph Galloway, John Evans. 
 
 There may have been others, whose names a patient search among 
 the records would reveal. Many of the above were noted attorneys, 
 and rose to prominent positions in the province. 
 
CIVIL AND JUDICIAL LISTS. 
 
 385 
 
 "Suuday last Messrs. Francis Sherrard and AloxaDder Piercey, Attorney^ at 
 Law, both of tliia city, were drowned in attempting to ford Brandywine 
 Creek."* 
 
 The following list embraces all the members of the bar of Chester 
 County admitted between the years 1750 and 1800. Many of them 
 resided in Philadelphia and other counties, and occasionally practiced 
 here. In the last century a good deal of tho law business of this 
 county was transacted by lawyers residing in Philadelphia. After 
 the declaration of independence, in 1776, those who had been already 
 admitted to the bar and desired to continue in practice wero required 
 to tate the test oath. None could practice but those who supported 
 the new order of things growing out of the Revolution, hence several 
 of the names in this list are repeated. 
 
 ADMITTED BEFORE JULY 4, 1776. 
 
 February, 1752, David Fiuney. 
 May, 1753, Thomas Otway. 
 August, 1753, John Price. 
 
 " " William Morris, Jr. 
 November, 1754, Benjamin Chew. 
 February, 1755, Samuel Jobnson. 
 May, " Thomas McKean. 
 
 August, " David Henderson. 
 November^ " William Whitebred. 
 November, 175G, George Ross. 
 
 « *• John ArmoDd. 
 
 August, 1760, John Morris. 
 February, 1763, Nicholas Walo. 
 August, " James Tilgbman. 
 February, 17C4, Hugh Hughes. 
 May, " John Currie. 
 
 « " Elisha Price. 
 
 November, " Lindsay Coates. 
 February, 1765, Andrew Allen. 
 May, " Alexander Porter. 
 
 « « Nicholas Vandyke. 
 
 « " Alexander Wilcocks. 
 
 August, " Joshua Teatcs. 
 '' " Stephen Porter. 
 
 " " Richard Peters, Jr. 
 
 f " James Biddle. 
 
 " " James Allen. 
 
 " " Henry Elwes. 
 
 " " James Loyre. 
 
 August, 1766, Isaac Hunt 
 
 " « David Thompson. 
 
 August, 1766, James Vandyke. 
 November, 1767, William Hicks. 
 " " James Wilson. 
 
 February, 1769, Jacob Rush. 
 August, " Miers Fisher. 
 " " Daniel Clymer. 
 
 " " John Rnley. 
 
 November, " Stephen Watts. 
 May, 1770, Abel Evans. 
 August, 1770, Thomas Good. 
 " " James Lukens- 
 
 August, 1771, Joseph Read. 
 " " George Noarth, 
 
 " " Jacob Bankson. 
 
 " " Francis Johnson. 
 
 " " Aslieton Humphreys. 
 
 Februai7, 1772, Richard Tilghman. 
 August, *^ John Lawrence. 
 
 " " Peter Zachary Lloyd. 
 
 February, 1773,^ Christian Hook. 
 May, " William L. Blair. 
 
 " " Fhineas Bond. 
 
 August, " John Stedman. 
 
 " " John McPherson. 
 
 November, " William Lewis. 
 May, 1774, Edward Tilghman. 
 November, 1774, Gunniug Bedford. 
 February, 1775, Andrew Robeson. 
 May, " John Vannost. 
 
 February, "-776, William Prince Gibbs. 
 May, 1776, Collinson Read. 
 
 ADMITTED AFTER JULY 4, 1776. 
 
 August, 1777, John Morris. 
 « " Andrew Rob^on. 
 " " William Lewis. 
 « « William L. Blair. 
 " " John Kaley. 
 August, 1778, George Ross. 
 
 " " Jonathan D. Sergeant. 
 " " Jacob Rush. 
 " " Elisha Price. 
 " " Alexander Wilcocks. 
 " " Gunning Bedford. 
 ** " John Pancoast. 
 February, 1779, Edward Burd. 
 " " Francis Johnston. 
 
 Henry Osborne. 
 George Campbell. 
 Jacob Bankson. 
 Jared Ingersoll. 
 " " William Bradford, Jr. 
 
 November. 1780, Moses Levy. 
 February, iVsi, Nicholas Vandyke 
 
 " " John Coxe. 
 
 August, " William Moore Smith. 
 
 " " John Lawrence. 
 
 November, " Nathaniel Potts. 
 February, 1782, Joseph Reed. 
 May, " John F. Mifflin. 
 
 August, " Daniel Clymer. 
 
 " " John Vining. 
 
 May, 1783, John Wilkes Kittera. 
 November, 1783, Ueory H. Graham. 
 
 " " William Rawle. 
 
 November, 1784, William Ewing. 
 May, 1785, Peter Zachary Lloyd. 
 '* " Jacob E. Howell. 
 
 May, 
 August, 
 
 u 
 
 November, 
 
 May, 1786, Thomas Rosa. 
 " " James Hanna. 
 August, 1785, Joseph B. MuKean. 
 November, 1785, John Todd. 
 May, 1786, Robert Hodson. 
 " " Charles Smith. 
 " " John Young. 
 August, 1786, Benjamin Chew, Jr. 
 " '* B. B. Morgan, Jr. 
 
 " " Richard Wharton. 
 
 " " Thomas Memminger. 
 
 February, 1787, David Smith. 
 " " James Wade. 
 
 " " John Joseph Henry. 
 
 " " William B. Atlee. 
 
 August, " W. Montgomery. 
 " " Sampson Levy. 
 
 " " James Hopkins. 
 
 " " Samuel Roberts. 
 
 November, " Saibuel Bayard. 
 " " Matthias Baldwin. 
 
 " " James A. Bayard. 
 
 February, 1788, Thomaa Armstrong. 
 
 May, 
 August, 
 
 November, 
 
 Peter S. Duponceau. 
 Jasper Yeates. 
 Peter Hoofnagle. 
 Joseph Hubley. 
 Willliam Graham. 
 
 February, 1789, John Hallo well. 
 
 May, 
 
 August, 
 
 Joseph Thomas, 
 Robert Porter. 
 Charles Healty. 
 Anthony Morris. 
 John Craig Wells. 
 John Cadwallader. 
 
 November, 1793, John Shippen, 
 " " Henry Kelmuth. 
 
 " " A. W. Foster. 
 
 February, 1794, Jacob Richards. 
 
 May, 
 
 " Joseph B. Hopkiiison 
 
 November 
 
 " William Martin. 
 
 Fobraaiy, 1795, J. Harvey Huret. 
 
 May, 
 
 " James Hunter, Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 " James Milner. 
 
 August, 
 
 " James Lattimer, Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 " John Cloyd. 
 
 " 
 
 " Joseph Keid. 
 
 " 
 
 " Isaac Wayne, 
 
 February, 
 
 1797, W. Lee Hannum. 
 
 November 
 
 1798, C. Chaunc y, Jr. 
 
 May, 1799 
 
 Jonathan T. Haight. 
 
 " " 
 
 John Taylor. 
 
 " " 
 
 William Hemphill. 
 
 August, 1789, John Moore. 
 February, 1790, Thomas B. Dick. 
 
 " " Abraham Chapmau. 
 
 May, " John Thompson. 
 
 August, " Marks John Biddle. 
 
 '', " David Moore. 
 
 November, " Isaac Telfuir. 
 May, 1791, Robert Henry Durkin. 
 August, 1791, Seth Chapman, 
 February, 1792, Miles Merion. 
 August, " Robert Frazer. 
 November, " John Price. 
 August, 1793, Thomas W. Tallman. 
 
 " " John H. Brinton. 
 
 " *' Evan Rico Evans. 
 
 " " Joseph Hemphill. 
 
 " " Michael Kepple. 
 
 This list embraces the names of many who rose to distinction. 
 Benjamin Chew became attorney-general of the province in 1755 ; 
 was president judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia; 
 afterwards chief justice of tlie Provincial Supreme Court from 1774 
 to 1776, and from 1790 to 1806 president of the High Court of Errors 
 and Appeals. This last court was abolished in the latter year on the 
 reorganization of the judiciary department. 
 
 Thomas McKean, a native of Chester County, was one of the 
 signei-s of the Declaration of Independence; became chief justice of 
 the Supreme Court, and afterwards Governor of the State. James 
 Wilson — great as a lawyer, but greater as an orator — was a justice of 
 the Supreme Court of the United States. He was the father of Hon. 
 Bird Wilson, at one time president judge of the courts of Chester 
 County. Jacob Kush (a brother of Dr. Benjamin Rush) was president 
 judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia, and also of the 
 Supreme Court, and of the Court of Errors and Appeals. John Law- 
 rence and John Coxe were judges of the Court of Common Pleas of 
 Philadelphia. Moses Levy was president of the District Court of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant (father of John Sergeant) was a 
 member of the Provincial Congress, and from 1777 to 1780 attorney- 
 general of the State. William Bradford succeeded Jonathan D. Ser- 
 geant as attorney-general in 1780, and was one of the judges of the 
 Supreme Court of the State from 1791 to 1794. In the latter year he 
 became attorney-general of the United States by appointment from 
 President Washington. Bradford County was named for him, in 
 recognition of his services to the State in the settlement of the con- 
 troversy with Connecticut with reference to the Wyoming lands. 
 
 Jared IngersoUwas twice attorney-general of Pennsylvania, and at 
 the time of his death was president judge of the District Court of 
 Philadelphia. Joseph B. McKean, a son of Governor McKean, suc- 
 ceeded Jared Ingersoll as attorney-general. He was also president 
 judge of the District Court of Philadelphia. 
 
 Jasper Yeates became one of the judges of the Supreme Court of 
 the State, and Seth Chapman of the judicial district composed of 
 Northumberland and other counties. 
 
 There are many other names in the foregoing list of lawyers who 
 never filled office but were eminent in professional life. Such names 
 as William Lewis, Robert Frazer, Peter S. Duponceau, Charles Chaun- 
 cey, William Hemphill, Thomas Ross, and William Rawle are familiar 
 to the profession; others, less known to fame, the dockets of our 
 courts show to have been actively engaged in their profession. 
 
 The. following is a list of members of the bar of Chester County 
 admitted during the present century. The records of the admission 
 of attorneys from 1800 to about 1818 appears to be somewhat Imper- 
 fect, and there may be some omissions. Many of the names in this 
 list are those of attorneys residing in other counties, who never 
 practiced here to any extent : 
 
 * Perm. GazeUe, from Jan. 27 to Feb. 3, 1736-37 ; No, 426. 
 
 49 
 
 About 1800, Jonathan W. Condy. 
 
 May 19, 1800, John Sergeant. 
 
 Aug. 20, 1800, T. Barton Zantzinger. 
 
 " " William Dewees. 
 
 Nov. 3, 1801, Isaac Darlington. 
 Aug, 15, 1803, James D, Bernard. 
 
 " " Thomas Sergeant. 
 
 About 1803, Samuel Jacobs. 
 
 " '* John Ewing Porter. 
 About 1804, John puer. 
 About 1806, John Edwards, 
 
 " " Charles W. Humphrey, 
 
 Nov, 14, 1807, Reuben Eachus, 
 About 1808, Ziba Pyle, 
 Aug, 1, 1809, Jefferis Moore, 
 Oct. 31, 1809, Matthias Morris. 
 Nov, 3, 1809, Dauiel Addis. 
 Jan. 31, 1810, Blathwaite J. Shober. 
 About 1810, Archibald T. Dick. 
 July 31, 1811, Philip S. Markley. 
 Nov. 4, 1811, Michael W. Ash. 
 Nov. 4, 1813, Benjamin Tilghman. 
 
 " " Thomas Breintuall. 
 
 Jan. 31, 1814, James Madison Porter. 
 
386 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Jan. 31, 1814, William B. Smith. 
 Aug. 2, 1814, Clemeut B. Buckley. 
 
 " '* Henry Shippen. 
 
 " " John Kerlin. 
 
 Oct. 31, 1814, Benjamin Evans. 
 Not. 1, 1816, George B. Porter. 
 About 1816, Samuel Edwards. 
 April 29, 1816, George C. Willing. 
 May 7, 1816, William H. Dillingham. 
 
 " " Isaac D. Bernard. 
 Aug. 2, 1816, Thomas Kittera. 
 November, 1816, Thomas A. Maybin. 
 Feb. 3, 1818, Townsend Haines. 
 Aug. 2, 1819, Jesee Conard. 
 July 31, 1820, William Williamson. 
 Jan. 31, 1821, William S. Haines. 
 " " David Paul Brown. 
 May 1, 1821, Thomas S. Bell. 
 
 " " Edward Darlington. 
 About 1821, Henry H. Van Amringe. 
 Aug. 9, 1821, John Treedley. 
 
 " " Samuel Parke. 
 July 31, 1822, Abraham Marshall. 
 Aug. 3, 1824, Daniel Buckwalter. 
 Not. 1, 1824, John D. Pettit. 
 Jan. 31, 1825, Matthias Pennypacker. 
 May 2, 1826, Francis James. 
 
 " " Joseph J. Lewis. 
 
 " " Lewis G. Pearce. 
 Aug. 1, 1825, Owen Stover. 
 Jan. 31, 1826, Benj. Bartholomew. 
 " " William Darlington. 
 May 1, 1826, James M. Kinnard. 
 
 " " Davis H. Hoopes. 
 July 30, 1827, John K. Zeilin. 
 Aug. 2, 1827, Levi B. Smith. 
 May 5, 1828, William McK. Ball. 
 June 9, 1828, John H. Bradley. 
 Aug. 4, 1828, Robert B. Dodson. 
 Nov. 4, 1828, James A. Hemphill. 
 Dec. 9, 1828, James S. Tongue. 
 Feb. 13, 1829, Mark Denny. 
 Aug. 3, 1829, Joseph Hemphill. 
 Nov. 2, 1829, Kichard Bailey. 
 Not. .3, 1829, P. Frazer Smith. 
 March 9, 1830, Lea Bennett. 
 Not. 2, 1830, John Eutter. 
 Nov. 1, 1831, Volney Lee Maxwell. 
 Dec. 13, 1831, Uriah V. Pennypacker. 
 Oct. 6, 1832, John H. Brinton. 
 
 April 9, 1833, John Hickman. 
 Aug. 4, 1834, Horatio 6. Worrall. 
 Sept. 15, 1835, Addison May. 
 March 16, 1836, William Wheeler. 
 May 11, 1839, Ferdinand E. Hayes. 
 Feb. 4, 1840, William Penn Miner. 
 Sept. 15, 1840, James H. Bull. 
 Not. 3, 1840, B. Franklin Pyle. 
 March 15, 1842, John S. Bowen. 
 Aug. 2, 1842, George W. Pearce. 
 Not. 8, 1842, George W. Miles. 
 Nov. 10, 1842, Matthew A. Stanley. 
 Feb. 7, 1843, J. Smith Futhey. 
 March 16, 1843, James Davis. 
 May 13, 1843, Joseph B. Townsend. 
 June 12, 1843, William M. Bull. 
 Nov. 7, 1843, Howard Darlington. 
 Feb. 20, 1844, John M. Broomall. 
 March 12, 1844, Isaac D. Pyle. 
 May 7, 1844, Washington Townsend. 
 May 8, 1844, John P. Baily. 
 
 " " Edward H. Williamson. 
 June 11, 1844, Samuel B. Thomas. 
 Aug. 5, 1844, Thomas H. Speakman. 
 Feb. 4, 1845, James B. Everhart. 
 June 10, 1845, Joseph P. Wilson. 
 
 " " James A. Gilmore. 
 
 July 29, 1845, William G. Smith. 
 Nov. 4, 1845, William Parker Foulke. 
 Dec. 8, 1845, William Butler. 
 Jan. 30, 1846, William B. Barber. 
 April 30, 1846, William Nicholson. 
 May 6, 1846, Thomas P. Potts. 
 April 28, 1846, W. Boss Cunningham. 
 July 27, 1846, Henry C. Townsend. 
 Aug. 6, 1847, James P. Fleming. 
 Nov. 4, 1847, Paschall Woodward. 
 April 20, 1848, Robert B. Monaghan. 
 June 12, 1848, Joseph R. Morris. 
 June 14, 1848, Samuel Rush. 
 Aug. 7, 1848, Robert Frazer. 
 Sept. 13, 1848, James M. Meredith. 
 Dec. 12, 1848, James L. Jones. 
 April 30, 1849, Ezra Levis. 
 June 29, 1849, Edward Shippen. 
 Sept. 10, 1849, Jesee Landis. 
 Nov. 12, 1849, John F. Roberts. 
 
 " " Charles H. Garber. 
 Jan. 31, 1850, Franklin Pennington. 
 Oct. 30, 1860, Clinton Auge. 
 
 Dec. 8, 1851, Francis Darlington. 
 " " A. Herr Smith. 
 
 March 8, 1852, William Bell Waddell. 
 
 June 14, 1852, William L. Marshall. 
 
 Sept. 13, 1852, Jesse Bishop. 
 
 Sept. 15, 1862, Levi Eimes. 
 
 Jan. 31, 1853, Edward J. Lewis. 
 
 Feb. 1, 1863, Charles D. Manley. 
 
 July 1, 1853, William H. Darlington. 
 
 April 25, 1854, B. Markley Boyer. 
 
 Oct. 30, 1854, James Merrill Linn. 
 
 Feb. 2, 1865, W. Arthur Jackson. 
 
 April 28, 1866, Wayne MacVeagh. 
 
 March 9, 1857, James J. Creigh. 
 
 April 27, 1857, Egbert K. Nichols. 
 
 July 28, 1857, George W. Conarroe. 
 
 Aug. 10, 1867, Samuel M. Du Bois. 
 
 Oct. 30, 1857, Francis C. Hooton. 
 
 Jan. 8, 1868, George M. Roberts. 
 
 March 11, 1858, Cheyney W. Nields. 
 
 Sept. 15, 1868, Henry M. Mclntire. 
 
 April 4, 1869, Thomas S. Bell, Jr. 
 
 Oct. 20, 1859, George M. Rupert. 
 
 Jan. 30, 1860, William T. Haines. 
 " " Henry W. Carruthers. 
 
 Feb. 1, 1860, John J. Pinkerton. 
 
 April 30, 1860, W. M. Hinkson. 
 
 June 12, 1860, Gardner Furness. 
 " " George W. Wollaston. 
 " " J. C. Price. 
 
 May 13, 1861, William T. Fulton. 
 Sept. 13, 1861, Robert Ingram. 
 
 " " John M. Arundel. 
 
 Oct. 28, 1861, A. Lewis Smith. 
 June 9, 1862, Jonathan Wright. 
 Aug. 11, 1862, Oliver Sidwell. 
 Aug. 18, 1862, Henry C. Bergstresser. 
 Jan. 26, 1863, John J. Pyle. 
 March 16, 1863, Abraham Wanger. 
 Aug. 10, 1863, Elbridge Meconkey. 
 Dec. 15, 1863, DaTid Ruth. 
 Feb. 8, 1864, J. Alexander Simpson. 
 June 3, 1864, Rees DaTis. 
 Oct. 31, 1864, Joseph Hemphill, Jr. 
 
 " " George F. Smith. 
 Not. 19, 1864, William M. Hayes. 
 Dec. 12, 1864, John A. McCaughey. 
 Aug. 15, 1866, Joseph Beale. 
 Aug. 26, 1865, William J. Gibson. 
 
 Oct. 30, 1865, William H. Whitehead. 
 
 Not. 2, 1866, James Allen Morris. 
 
 Jan. 29, 1866, Augustus J. Feather. 
 
 Feb. 12, 1866, George B. Darlington. 
 " " Wm. B. Broomall. 
 
 June 11, 1866, Nimrod Strickland, Jr. 
 
 Aug. 14, 1866, Alfred P. Eeid. 
 
 Dec. 10, 1866, Robert T. ComweU. 
 
 Jan. 28, 1867, Alfred L. Carey. 
 
 May 13, 1867, William T. McPhail. 
 
 Aug. 13, 1867, Joseph W. Barnard. 
 
 Oct. 27, 1868, Stephen J. Towson. 
 
 Aug. 9, 1869, S. W. Pennypacker. 
 " " C. H. Pennypacker. 
 
 Feb. ID, 1870, Joseph F. Perdue. 
 
 Aug. 28, 1870, D. Smith Talbot. 
 
 Feb. 14, 1871, Abner Pyle. 
 
 March 13, 1871, Thomas W. Pierce. 
 
 April 24, 1871, Samuel D. Ramsey. 
 
 Sept. 11, 1871, William S. Windle. 
 
 March 11, 1872, Andrew C. Fulton. 
 
 May 6, 1872, William B. Keid. 
 
 Sept. 9, 1872, Henry H. Gilkyson. 
 
 Oct. 28, 1872, Charles Wesley Talbot. 
 " " Francis Windle. 
 
 Dec. 31, 1872, B. F. McAtee. 
 
 March 12, 1873, George L. Maris. 
 
 July 3, 1873, Robert J. Monaghan. 
 " " Isaac Newton Wynn, 
 Aug. 11, 1873, Frederick S. Dickson. 
 Dec. 9, 1873, John B. Kinnard. 
 June 15, 1874, William E. Dingee. 
 Oct. 16, 1874, Curtis H. Hannum. 
 Feb. 1, 1875, Theodore K. Stubbs. 
 Aug. 9, 1875, Thomas B. Taylor. 
 Feb. 7, 1876, Ezra ETans. 
 June 6, 1876, John A. Groff. 
 Dec. 12, 1876, William T. Barber. 
 Jan. 29, 1877, Thomas S. Butler. 
 June 18, 1877, Archibald D. Thomas. 
 
 " " H. T. Fairlamb. 
 
 Jan. 28, 1878, John Jay Gheen. 
 March 12, 1878, J. Newton Huston. 
 Nov. 4, 1878, Edward D. Bingham. 
 March 11, 1879, James Monaghan. 
 Dec. 22, 1879, William N. Needles, Jr. 
 March 29, 1880, Samuel H. Holding. 
 June 18, 1880, George B. Johnson. 
 Dec. 15, 1880, Wilmer W. McElree. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 NATIONAL BANK OP CHESTER COUNTY. 
 
 At the session of the Legislature of Pennsylvania of 
 1813-14 an act was passed authorizing the establishment 
 of forty-one new banks in the State, including one for 
 Chester County. 
 
 The commissioners for taking the stock, named in the 
 act, for the « Bank of Chester" were Dr. William Darling- 
 ton, John W. Cunningham, Jesse John, James Kelton, 
 Joseph Taylor, Henry Chrisman, Matthew Stanley, and 
 Joshua Evans, Jr. Henry Chrisman declined to serve, and 
 the court appointed Joseph Pearce in his stead. Books 
 for the subscription of stock were opened June 8, 1814 at 
 West Chester, Downingtown, Paoli, New London, and 
 Cochranyille, some of the commissioners attending at 
 
 each place. The necessary amount of capital, 4500 shares 
 at $50 each, was promptly taken. The charter was ob- 
 tained Aug. 2j 1814, and a meeting of the stockholders 
 held at the court-house on Sept. 8, 1814, when the following 
 persons were chosen as the first board of directors : Jesse 
 Mercer, Jesse John, Joseph Taylor, Charles Rogers, Daniel 
 Hiester, Joseph McClellan, James Kelton, Dr. William 
 Darlington, John W. Townsend, Jesse Good, Isaac Dar- 
 lington, Joshua Weaver, and James Jefferis. On the next 
 day the board organized, and appointed Joseph McClellan 
 president and Daniel Hiester cashier of the bank. The rooms 
 over the county offices, at the northwest corner of High 
 and Market Streets, were obtained and fitted up for banking 
 purposes, and on Nov. 11, 1814, the bank opened for the 
 transaction of business. The second board of directors was 
 
BANKS. 
 
 387 
 
 elected Nov. 21, 1814, and consisted of Joaepli McClellan, 
 Jesse Mercer, Jesse John, Dr. William Darlington, Charles 
 Rogers, David Dickey, Isaac Darlington, Jesse Good, 
 Thomas Hoopes, Joseph Taylor, John W. Townsend, 
 Thomas Worth, and David Townsend. 
 
 At that time West Chester was a town of limited pro- 
 portions and but little known, and the directors thought it 
 better to state on the face of the circulating notes that the 
 bank was " between Philadelphia and Lancaster,'' printing 
 these names in large type, so that holders might know, with- 
 out special inquiry, in what part of the State the institution 
 was located. West Chester has grown in size and import- 
 ance since then, and the modern " Cestrians" consider it of 
 advantage to Philadelphia that it is in proximity to West 
 Chester. 
 
 The following is the form of note first issued : 
 
 THE BANK OF CHESTER COUNTY, 
 
 BETWEEN PHILADELPHIA AND LANCASTER, 
 
 Promises to pay to bearer on demand 
 FIVE DOLLARS. 
 
 West Chester, Penna. 
 Baniel Hiester, 
 
 Caahier, 
 
 TO 
 
 < 
 
 Joseph McClellan, 
 
 Preaident. 
 
 The vignette represented the old academy building on 
 Gay Street. 
 
 The bank in its early days, during a suspension of specie 
 payments, also issued notes of the denominations of five, 
 ten, twenty-five, and fifty cents, in the following form : 
 
 
 10 TEN CENTS. 10 
 
 
 
 This note for 
 
 
 H 
 
 TEN CENTS 
 
 Will be received on deposit, or in payment of debts, 
 at the 
 
 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 H 
 
 BANK OF CHESTER COUNTY. 
 
 ^. 
 
 H 
 
 West Chester, Pa., August 21,. 1815. 
 For the Cashier, 
 
 Joshua Gibbons. 
 
 
 These small notes were in size about two and a half by 
 four inches. 
 
 In January, 1818, the directors resolved to erect a bank- 
 ing-house on a lot of ground immediately north of the 
 present bank building on High Street, which they con- 
 tracted to purchase from William Townsend, but the pro- 
 ject was not carried out. In March of the same year they 
 purchased from Nathan H. Sharpies the building wherein 
 the cashier now resides, which was fitted up for a banking- 
 house, and also for the residence of the cashier, and the 
 bank was removed there in the autumn of that year. 
 
 This building, from the rapid advance of the business 
 of the bank, becoming in a few years too contracted, the 
 directors purchased the property belonging to the estate of 
 William Hemphill, deceased, adjoining their banking-house 
 on the north, and in the summer of 1835 commenced the 
 erection of the present substantial and commodious bank- 
 
 ing-house, which was completed in March, 1837. The 
 edifice has a noble Doric portico of Chester County mar- 
 ble, procured at the quarries of John R. Thomas, now 
 Dr. George Thomas, in the Chester Valley, near Oakland. 
 The architect was Thomas U. Walter, of Philadelphia. 
 The entire cost of the building was about $30,000, and 
 was entirely paid for from the profits of the institution. 
 The business of the bank was transferred thereto in May, 
 1837, since which time the former banking-house has been 
 used as the residence of the cashier. The committee of 
 the directors under whose supervision the new building 
 was erected were Nathan H. Sharpies, John James, Walker 
 Yarnall, William Williamson, and John W. Townsend. 
 
 The capital stock of the bank had been increased from 
 time to time until it amounted to $360,000, which was 
 divided into 9000 shares of the par value of |40. In con- 
 sequence of unprofitable investments and losses sustained 
 by the bank it became desirable to reduce the capital 
 stock, and on May 30, 1843, in pursuance of the provi- 
 sions of an act of Assembly authorizing it, the capital was 
 reduced to $225,000, and the par value of the shares to 
 $25. The bank had made large loans to the Union Canal 
 Company, the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company, 
 and the Susquehanna and Tide-water Canal Company, and 
 these institutions failing to pay their indebtedness, the re- 
 duction of the stock became desirable, and was accordingly 
 made, as above stated. The bank, however, subsequently 
 realized considerable on these investments, which were di- 
 vided among the stockholders. 
 
 On Dec. 23, 1847, Dr. Darlington, the president, while 
 in the railroad depot in Philadelphia, on his way home 
 after making the exchanges of the bank, was robbed of his 
 trunk, containing $51,000 of the circulating notes of the 
 bank. A reward of $5000 was at once offered. The rob- 
 bers were subsequently arrested and convicted, and the 
 greater portion of the stolen money recovered. 
 
 In 1874 the interior of the bank was entirely remodeled 
 and made more convenient, and new vaults erected, and 
 fire- and burglar-proof safes placed therein, the whole at a 
 cost of $10,000. 
 
 The period for which the bank was originally chartered 
 in 1814 was eleven years. The charter was renewed and 
 extended by acts of Assembly in 1825 for twelve years, in 
 1837 for fifteen years, and in 1852 for the same period. 
 Before the expiration of the last charter it was surrendered 
 to the State, and the bank organized, under the laws of the 
 United States, as " The National Bank of Chester County." 
 The date of the new organization was Oct. 25, 1864, and 
 the first board of directors under it were 
 
 John Marshall, Thomas S. Cox/William Darlington, Brinton Darling- 
 ton, Joseph Dowdall, Marshall B. Hickman, Walter Hibbard, 
 Samuel H. Hoopes, Eusebius H. Townsend, Dr. Isaac Thomas, 
 Dr. George Thomas, Philip P. Sharpies, and William B. Waddell. 
 
 The following persons have filled the office of president 
 
 of the bank : 
 
 Col. Joseph McClellan, from Sept. 9, 1814, to Nov. 25, 1816, and 
 again from Nov. 24, 1817, to Nov. 22, 1819; James M. Gibbons, 
 from Nov. 25, 1816, to Nov. 24, 1817 ; Richard Thomas, Jr., from 
 Nov. 22, 1819, until his death, in February, 1830; Dr. William 
 Darlington, from Feb. 23, 1830, until his death, April 23, 1863 ; 
 John Marshall, from May 1, 1863, until his death, June 22, 1873; 
 
388 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Walter Hibbard, from June 27, 1873, until his death, July 31', 
 1879; and Washington Townsend, from Aug. 5, 1879, until the 
 present time. 
 
 In 1863 a bust of Dr. Darlington was executed in mar- 
 ble by William Marshall Swayne, late a book-keeper in the 
 bank, and an artist of rare taste and skill, and placed in an 
 appropriate position in the bank. 
 
 The following persons have been cashiers in the bank : 
 
 Daniel Hiester, from Sept. 9, 1814, to Oct. 1, 1817; David Townsend, 
 from Oct. 1, 1817, to April 10, 1849; Washington Townsend, 
 from April 10, 1849, to Oct. 30, 1857; and William W. Jefferis, 
 from the latter date until the present time. 
 
 On the resignations respectively of David Townsend and 
 Washington Townsend, appropriate testimonials were pre- 
 sented to them by the bank for their faithful and val- 
 uable services. 
 
 The present board of directors are 
 
 Washington Townsend, Lorenzo Beck, Joseph Dowdall, Thomas S. 
 Cox, William B. Waddell, Eusebius H. Townsend, Samuel H. 
 Hoopes, Marshall B. Hickman, Charles Fairlamb, Edwin James, 
 Henry P. Sharpies, J. Preston Thomas, and Samuel K. Chambers. 
 
 It is worthy of note that Dr. William Darlington, who 
 was president of the bank over thirty-three years, and David 
 Townsend, who was cashier thirty-two years, were men of 
 extensive scientific attainments, especially in the field of 
 botany, and that William W. Jefieris, who has been cashier 
 since 1857, has devoted his leisure to the study of miner- 
 alogy, and has one of the finest and most extensive and 
 valuable collection of minerals to be found in the country. 
 
 NATIONAL BANK OP CHESTER VALLEY. 
 
 The Bank of Chester Valley, located at Coatesville, was 
 incorporated by act of Assembly of April 27, 1857, and 
 went into operation in the autumn of that year, with Abra- 
 ham Gibbons as president, and Francis F. Davis as cashier, 
 and the following board of directors : Abraham Gibbons, 
 Nathan Rambo, Enoch S. MoCaughey, William Dripps, 
 Henry G. Thomas, Caleb Pierce, Lewis Maxton, Hugh E. 
 Steele, Isaac Hayes, Charles Downing, John W. Wagoner, 
 Samuel Slokom, and James King Grier. 
 
 On Nov. 17, 1864, the bank became a national institu- 
 tion, under the title of " The National Bank of Chester 
 Valley," with Abraham Gibbons, Samuel Slokom, James 
 Penrose, Hugh W. Robinson, Alexander Moore, Jr., 
 Joseph Davis, Levis Pennock, Jr., James King Grier, and 
 Dr. Charles Huston as the first board of directors. 
 
 The capital was originally $150,000, which was in- 
 creased in 1865 to $200,000. The president and cashier 
 who organized the bank in 1857 are still at their posts. 
 
 NATIONAL BANK OF OXFORD. 
 
 The Octorara Bank, at Oxford, was chartered by the 
 Legislature in 1857, and organized in July, 1858, with a 
 capital of $100,000, and with the following board of direc-. 
 tors : Samuel Dickey, John M. Kelton, J. P. Harlan, Dr. 
 D. W. Hutchison, J. C. Taylor, G. W. Lefevre, A. F. Eves, 
 David Hayes, and Daniel Stubbs. 
 
 On Feb. 19, 1865, the State charter was surrendered, 
 and the bank organized as a national institution, under the 
 
 name of " The National Bank of Oxford," and with the 
 following directors : Samuel Dickey, John M. Kelton, J. 
 C. Taylor, R. H. Kirk, A. F. Eves, Alexander Turner, D. 
 W. Hutchison, Newton I. Nichols, P. W. Housekeeper, 
 James R. Ramsey, James A. Strawbridge, William K. 
 Bingham, and Daniel Stubbs. The capital was inisreased 
 to $125,000. 
 
 Dr. Ebenezcr V. Dickey was the first president- of the 
 Octorara Bank. He died soon after his election, and was 
 succeeded by Samuel Dickey, the present incumbent. Dr; 
 James H. Cuningham was the cashier of the Octorara 
 Bank, and of the National Bank of Oxford, until May 5] 
 1866. He was succeeded by John Janvier, who held the 
 position until his death in July, 1878, when J. E. Ramsey; 
 the present cashier, was appointed. 
 
 NATIONAL BANK OF PH(ENIXVILLE. 
 
 The act to incorporate the Bank of Phoenixville became 
 a law Oct. 9, 1857, and banking operations were commenced 
 March 3, 1859, with the following board of directors : Sam- 
 uel Buckwalter, John Morgan, Nathan T. McVeagh, Wil- 
 liam M. Stephens, Nicholas Bean, Isaac Chrisman, Daniel 
 Bucher, Joseph J. Tustin, William W. Taylor, Daniel Lat- 
 shaw, Levi B. Kaler, N. M. Ellis, and Benjamin Prizer. 
 
 On Dec. 30, 1864, it organized as " The National Bank 
 of Phoenixville," with the following directors : Samuel 
 Buckwalter, John Morgan, Samuel Kreamer, Samuel Moses, 
 Jacob B. Landis, Henry Fink, Casper S. Francis, Joel 
 Fink, Levi Prizer, and C. B. Heebner. 
 
 Jacob B. Morgan has been cashier of the institution 
 since its organization. The first president was Samuel 
 Buckwalter, who held the position until his death. His 
 successor was Henry Loucks, who was elected March 18, 
 1869, and still holds the oflSce. 
 
 The original capital was $100,000, but it has been in- 
 creased from time to time, and is now $200,000. The 
 bank, at its organization, occupied a dwelling-house, but a 
 commodious banking-house has since been erected, with all 
 the modern appliances to secure the safety of the funds 
 intrusted to its care and management. 
 
 The present directors are 
 
 Henry Loucks, Levi B. Kaler, Samuel Kreamer, Alexander Kennedy, 
 Joseph Fitzwater, Reuben Winter, Peter G. Carey, John King, 
 and D. Hearn Casselberry. 
 
 DOWNINGTOWN NATIONAL BANK. 
 The Downingtown Bank was organized, under the bank- 
 ing laws of Pennsylvania, Sept. 3, 1860, and went into 
 operation May 16, 1861, with a capital of $50,000, which, 
 in 1863 was increased to $100,000. On Dec. 30, 1864, 
 it became a national bank, under the title of " The Down- 
 ingtown National Bank of Pennsylvania." It has had five 
 presidents. Charles Downing, from Nov. 23, 1860, until 
 his death. May 3, 1863 ; David Shelmire, from June 1, 
 1863, to Nov. 9, 1863 ; William Trimble, from Nov. 23, 
 1863, to his death, Dec. 18, 1863; William Edge, from 
 Dec. 28, 1863, to May 29, 1865 ; and Jacob Edge, from 
 the latter date to the present time. Mordecai T. Ruth was 
 the first cashier, and he was succeeded, Dee. 1, 1863, by 
 Joseph R. Downing, the present incumbent. 
 
BANKS. 
 
 389 
 
 The first board of directors, at its organization in 1860, 
 were Charles Downing, Abram V. Ashbridge, John P. 
 Baugh, Jonathan C. Baldwin, Dr. John K. Eshlenaan, Wil- 
 Ham Rogers, David Shelmire, Samuel Ringwalt, Allen W. 
 Wills, Jacob Edge, and Richard D. Wells. At its organi- 
 zation as a national bank in 1864 the directors were 
 
 William Edge, Jona. C. Baldwin, Saml. Eingwalt, Peter Datnpman, 
 David Shelmire, Dr. John P. Edge, Leonard F. Roberts, William 
 Bogers, Jacob Edge, Samuel P. Miller, and Jonathan P. Butler. 
 
 The present board (1881) are 
 
 Caleb Baldwin, Peter Dampman, Joseph E. Downing, Jacob Edge, 
 William Edge, Eber Garrett, Samuel N. McClure, William Pen- 
 rose Moore, and William T. Smedley. 
 
 FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF WEST CHESTER. 
 
 The First National Bank of West Chester was organized 
 in DecembeT, 1863, and commenced the transaction of busi- 
 ness Jan. 2, 1864, with a capital of $100,000, which in 
 the same year was increased to $200,000. The first di- 
 rectors were George Brinton, William Wollerton, David 
 Woelpper, Joseph Hemphill, Wellington Hickman, Wil- 
 liam Chalfant, Andrew Mitchell,- Robert Parke, and J. 
 Smith Fttthey. 
 
 The business of the bank was for a time transacted in 
 the house belonging to David Meconkey, immediately north 
 of the Bank of Chester County, but in the same year a lot 
 was purchased from James D. McClellan, on High Street, 
 and a banking-house erected thereon, into which the bank 
 was removed March 15, 1865. 
 
 George Brinton was the first president, and held the 
 position until Jan. 15, 1869, when he declined a further 
 election, and was succeeded by William Wollerton. The 
 cashiers have been as follows : William S. Kirk, from the 
 organization until April 16, 1867; James G. McCoUin, 
 from April 16, 1867, until Feb. 14, 1868; Thomas W. 
 MarshaU, from Feb. 14, 1868, until Dec. 17, 18!?2 ; and 
 Enos E. Thatcher, from the latter date to the present time. 
 
 The present directors are 
 
 William Wollerton, Wellington Hickman, William Chalfant, Edwin 
 Brosius, Bennetts. Walton, Evan T. Pennock, George W. Jacobs, 
 Caleb Windle, Henry Buekwalter, Septimus E, Nevin, and John 
 J. Pinkerton. 
 
 FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HONEYBROOK. 
 
 The First National Bank of Downingtown was organized 
 in March, 1864, and went into liquidation in February, 
 1868. Its circulation was redeemed in full. 
 
 The First National Bank of Honeybrook organized Jan. 
 1, 1868, with the following board of directors : Joshua 
 Kames, E. D. White, R. W. Morton, Thomas Millard, 
 William Corbit, Joseph C. Davis, Samuel Lemmon, James 
 C. Roberts, and Thomas S. Ingram, and with Joshua 
 Kames as president, Richard D. Wells cashier, and John 
 E. Finger clerk. It opened for business at Honeybrook, 
 Feb. 8, 1868. On April 9, 1868, Joshua Kames and 
 Richard D. Wells resigned as president and cashier respec- 
 tively, and E. D. White became president, R. W. Morton 
 cashier, and John E. Finger assistant cashier. On Jan. 
 
 11, 1877, Samuel Lemmon became president. The capital 
 is $100,000. The present board of directors are 
 
 Samuel Lemmon, Joseph C. Davis, Thomas Millard, Jacob Hertzler, 
 Jacob Kurtz, Jacob Wanner, Jr., John S. Gait, Thomas S. In- 
 gram, and R. W. Morton. 
 
 PARKBSBURG NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 The Parkesburg Bank, a private banking institution, 
 doing business under the firm-name of Parke, Smith & Co., 
 went into operation April 14, 1869, with a capital of 
 $50,000, and a board of directors composed of Robert 
 Parke, Robert Baldwin, Robert Fairlamb, John N. Chal- 
 fant, John A. Parke, and Ezekiel R. Young, and with 
 Robert Parke as president, and Samuel R. Parke as ca.shier. 
 On April 22, 1873, Robert Parke resigned the presidency, 
 and Samuel R. Parke became president, and Robert Agnew 
 Futhey cashier. On March 30, 1880, the institution be- 
 came a national bank, under the name of " The Parkes- 
 burg National Bank," with the same president and cashier, 
 and the following directors : 
 
 Samuel R. Parke, Robert Parke, Robert Baldwin, Robert Fairlamb, 
 John A. Morrison, M.D., John Y. Latta, and James B. Ken- 
 nedy. 
 
 THE OXFORD BANKING COMPANY 
 was incorporated March 11, 1872. The president is James 
 Wood, and the cashier, David M. Taylor. This institution 
 is about to become a national bank. 
 
 THE NATIONAL BANK OF SPRING CITY 
 was organized July 23, 1872, with the following directors: 
 Casper S. Francis, Charles Peters, Benjamin Prizer, Jacob 
 Christman, John Staufi'er, Benjamin Bambo, A. D. Hun- 
 sicker, John N. Miller, and Charles Tyson. Casper S. 
 Francis has been president and John T. Eaches cashier of 
 the bank since its organization. The original capital was 
 $100,000, which in 1873 was increased to $150,000. The 
 present board of directors is composed of 
 
 Casper S. Francis, Charles Peters, Benjamin Prizer, Jacob Christ- 
 man, A. D. Hunsicker, A. P. Fritz, Charles Frick, Henry Funk, 
 and Daniel Latshaw. 
 
 THE BANK OF BRANDYWINE 
 was a State bank, incorporated March 15, 1871. Its busi- 
 ness was conducted in the building at the southwest corner 
 of High and Market Streets, West Chester. It failed Dec. 
 22, 1875, and made an assignment for the benefit of cred- 
 itors to William W. Jefferis, by whom its affairs were set- 
 tled. 
 
 THE FARMERS' AND MECHANICS' NATIONAL BANK OP 
 PHCENIXVILLE 
 
 was incorporated Feb. 5, 1872, with a capital of $50,000, 
 which in 1873 and 1874 was increased to $150,000. 
 
 The first president was Elias Oberholtzer, who died Dec. 
 17, 1876. He was succeeded by John Kennedy, who died 
 Sept. 4, 1877. Aaron, H. Stover has held the office since 
 the death of Mr. Kennedy. The first cashier was J. New- 
 ton Evans, who held the position until July 1, 1875, when 
 he was succeeded by the present incumbent, J. Theodore 
 F. Hunter. 
 
390 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 The first directors were Elias Oberholtzer, Nathan A. 
 Pennypacker, Newton Evans, Aaron H. Stover, A. Crater, 
 J. Gable, A. Tyson, J. D. Wismer, A. Thomas, and M. C. 
 Pennypacker. The present directors are 
 
 Aaron H. Stover, M. B. Hunsberger, Abel Thomas, John Grifath, 
 John Oberholtzer, John Detwiler, W. A. Schultz, L. B. Filman, 
 and John B. Koborts. 
 
 THE NATIONAL BANK OF KBNNET SQUARE 
 was authorized to commence the business of banking by 
 certificate dated May 16, 1881. The president is John 
 Marshall ; cashier, D. Duer Philips, and the board of 
 directors is composed of 
 
 John Marshall, Thomas Marshall, George B. Sharpe, J. Mitchell 
 Baker, Ellwood Michener, Thomas J. Webb, Ezra L. Bailj, and 
 William Press. 
 
 CUKRENCY. 
 Owing to the diverse nationalities of the early settlers 
 of Pennsylvania, a varied monetary medium existed for 
 many years after William Penn's arrival. Styvers, guild- 
 ers, pistoles, moidores, pieces of eight, and many other 
 
 TtH Skill hgf 
 
 lie ftiT»ii«eB,15iIf c\Teii. ^hillij,^ 
 current .Mtjney ol Am^ka, «cooj6ing 
 to the Aft of Pdrliamenr^ maSe in 
 the Sr'xrKYrtrof the tite Qa[«ii Anne, 
 for AfcerriSniDg the Sates of forciga 
 Coite in theTlamarioflS, doe from, the 
 Provinee of PemfylvjafM, to -the Pol- 
 ftffot thereoi, nhallbeia Yabstqual 
 to Money, aad fhali be accepredaccordra|ly'byi{iePio»i[i. 
 
 ciil Treariirer, CoinnyT«a- 
 (urcrs ind theTrufiee5.iof the 
 General loan-Office of the 
 PfovifTceof Peim'js'vaniOf in 
 aliPublick P^jments, andfor 
 ^^^^^^^^^f^-^^^^ anv Pond atanyTiraeiilany 
 A^^^^^^^i/i ^^^^T^ °( the laid Treitudes and 
 
 Diced \\\ PbUaielphiii''}\t 
 Second Day of April, ill the 
 Yearof Our Lord, OneThoii' 
 find fcven Hundred and 
 Tweniy Three, My Order 
 ot the Governor and Geae- 
 raf'Aifanblv. 
 
 (2k^/^p7y^c 
 
 A SPECIMEN OP THE PIKST ISSUE OP PAPER MONEY IN PENN- 
 SYLVANIA, APRIL 2, 1723. 
 
 terms are met with in early records. Wampum or beads 
 made from shells were used as currency in dealing with 
 the Indians, but with all there was such a scarcity that in 
 
 T^n Shm»^ 
 
 1683 it was enacted that all merchantable wheat, rye, 
 Indian corn, barley, oats, pork, beef, and tobacco should 
 pass as money at market price. 
 
 The first issue of paper money by the provinee of Pegn- 
 sylvania was made by act of Assembly of March 2, 1722-3, 
 when the sum of £15,000 in " bills of credit" was author- 
 ized to be struck off, and Charles Read, Benjamin Vining, 
 Francis Rawle, and Anthony Morris, or the major part 
 of them, were appointed to sign the bills. Two pieces 
 of this money were discovered a few years ago among the 
 old records of our County Court by one of the editors, and 
 a. facsimile of one of them is here shown. It is needless 
 to inform collectors that such pieces are exceedingly 
 rare. 
 
 The act providing for the issue of this paper money 
 established what was styled " The General Loan-Office," 
 with trustees, whose business it was to loan the bills of 
 credit on real estate or other security, and keep accurate 
 accounts thereof. The first trustees were Samuel Carpenter, 
 Jeremiah Langhorne, William Fishbourn, Philip Taylor, 
 and Nathaniel Newlin, of whom Taylor and Newlin were 
 of Chester County. 
 
 On Dec. 12, 1723, a further issue of £30,000 was 
 authorized, and between that time and the Revolution 
 more than twenty similar acts were passed. During the 
 French and Indian war, 1756-60, when large amounts of 
 money were needed at once, it was raised in this way, there 
 being three issues of £100,000 each, and others of smaller 
 amounts.* 
 
 With the increase in volume of the currency there was 
 a corresponding depreciation in value. Elizabeth Webb, of 
 Birmingham, writing from Newport, R. I. (6, 2-t, 1724), 
 to Joseph Brinton, of Thornbury, says, — 
 
 " Our paper money will not do [here], and if thou get some changed 
 it should be for whole pieces of gold, for that which is eutt will not 
 pass but at £6 an ounce, but the Pistole goes for £1 8». fid., and a 
 Moidore at £2 4s., and a half Pistole for 14»." 
 
 A large number of farms in this county were at different 
 times mortgaged to the Loan-Office. The following were the 
 persons who represented the county in the board of trustees, 
 with the date of appointment : 
 
 1723, Philip Taylor, Nathaniel Newlin; 1729, Richard Hayes; 17.S8, 
 Caleb Cowpland; 1745, Thomas Chandler; 1758, Nathaniel Grubb ; 
 1762, Francis Yarnall ; 1764, John Morton ; 1769, Isaac Pearson ; 
 1771, Charles Humphreys and Isaac Pearson; 1773, Humphry 
 Marshall. 
 
 Each of the colonies issued its paper money, which cir- 
 culated to some extent in those adjoining. Under the 
 general depression of finances at the close of the Revolu- 
 tion, much of this money had sunk in value until it was 
 practically worthless. Many of the holders laid it away 
 with a faint hope that it might some day be redeemed, but 
 in this they were disappointed. Within the past twenty- 
 five or thirty years a great deal of it has been destroyed, 
 until now the little that remains is being eagerly sou<Tht 
 after by collectors of such relics, and high prices are paid 
 
 * Persons desirous of investigating this subject are referred to an 
 essay on " Pennsylvania Finances," by Benjamin M. Nead, Esq., of 
 Harrisburg, recently published. 
 
INSURANCE COMPANIES. 
 
 391 
 
 for scarce specimens. There seems to be a large proportion 
 of Maryland money in this county. 
 
 W^tCvl 
 
 No 
 
 •/i 
 
 ^c^ 
 
 -jc-^ A 
 
 g^ 
 
 Thirty Dollars. 
 
 THE Bearer is en 
 titled to receive Thirty 
 Sfianljh milled D O I. 
 vL ARS, or an equal 
 \Sum in Gold or Silver, 
 according to a Refo 
 llution of CONGRESS 
 'of the 14th jTanuary, 
 
 1779' 
 
 LO Dollars. 
 
 ^///^ 
 
 ^M^ 
 
 SPECIMEN OF CONTINENTAL MONET. 
 
 There was a variety in the style of notes, and the speci- 
 men shown on the preceding page differed considerably 
 from subsequent issues. The term " Continental money" 
 is familiar to most persons, but it is customary to confound 
 it with colonial currency. The Continental money, of which 
 a specimen is above given, was the money of the United 
 States, and, like the other, suffered from depreciation until 
 it was almost worthless. 
 
 INSURANCE COMPANIES. 
 THE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHESTER 
 
 COUNTY 
 was chartered by act of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, 
 April 21, 1840. The managers named in the act to organ- 
 ize the company are Richard Barnard, Thomas W.'Boyd, 
 Enoch Harlan, John P. Phipps, John A. Love, Hayes 
 Clark, Andrew Mitchell, George Fleming, John D. Steele, 
 Amos Eredd, Joseph M. Thompson, Henry Long, and 
 Joshua Jackson. They proceeded on May 16, 1840, to or- 
 ganize the company by the election of Joseph M. Thompson 
 as president, Enoch Harlan as secretary, and Amos Eredd as 
 treasurer. The company soon after commenced to issue 
 policies, which were to run five years, and to be assessed to 
 meet losses occurring. 
 
 On the expiration of the first or five-year policies, the 
 success of the company being assured, perpetual policies 
 were substituted for first or five-year ones, and have been 
 continued since, subject to assessment, as aforesaid, and also 
 to any proper modification of amounts of insurance or rate 
 to be charged for the same. The office of the company 
 was established at Doe Run, which was by the by-laws to 
 be the centre of a circle of thirty miles' radius, within which 
 property would be insured, excepting all incorporated towns 
 outside of Chester County. 
 
 The membership steadily increased (each insurer being 
 a member) until it reached in 1870 9000, with over 
 630,000,000 of insurance. In 1861 the office was removed 
 from Doe Run and established at Coatesville, where a 
 building had been erected for its accommodation.* 
 
 * Owing to the early location of the office at Doe Run, the com- 
 pany was for many years popularly known as the Doe Run Company. 
 
 The active men of the company were among its first 
 managers, and residing near Doe Run. The presidents 
 have been Joseph M. Thompson, Morris Cope, Solomon 
 Lukens, Charles Downing, Smedley Darlington, Jacob 
 Edge, William W. Eachus, Archimedes Robb, Levis 
 Pennock, and Abraham Gibbons. Enoch Harlan was 
 secretary for twenty-three years, and was succeeded by 
 Caleb H. Bradley. The present secretary is Isaac Spack- 
 man, appointed in 1880. 
 
 To furnish insurance at the lowest possible cost has 
 been the aim of the company, and its success in that 
 direction is perhaps without a parallel in the history of 
 fire insurance. That it has been a benefit to the com- 
 munity is shown by its having paid near $1,000,000 
 to its members who have had property destroyed by 
 fire. 
 
 The insurance has mainly been confined to the county 
 of Chester ; a few members, however, are accepted from 
 the bordering counties. Shrinkage in value of property 
 for a few years past has caused a reduction in the ag- 
 gregate of insurance, which does not now exceed $25,000,- 
 000, the membership being about 8500. 
 
 THE PENN MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF 
 CHESTER^ COUNTY 
 
 was incorporated Aug. 14, 1867. The office of the com- 
 pany is located at West Chester. The first policy was is- 
 sued Jan. 1, 1868. Its territory is restricted by charter 
 within a radius of forty miles from West Chester, and its 
 principal field of operations is the county of Chester. The 
 company has grown steadily and rapidly from its organiza- 
 tion to the present time, The amount of insurance in force 
 therein at the end of the year 1880 was about $7,000,000. 
 
 The first board of directors was composed of William P. 
 Townsend, William Darlington, Washington Townsend, 
 Elijah F. Pennypacker, Isaac Hayes, William Windle, 
 Levi H. Crouse, John D. Worth, R. Haines Passmore, 
 Jonathan Roberts, Pennock E. Marshall, and George C. M. 
 Eicholtz. This board organized by electing the following 
 officers, viz. : William P. Townsend, President; Elijah F. 
 Pennypacker, Vice-President; Enoch Harlan, Secretary 
 and Treasurer. Mr. Townsend served as president until 
 January, 1870, when he declined re-election. William 
 Windle was thereupon elected to that office, and continued 
 therein until January, 1877, when he also declined re-elec- 
 tion. J. Smith Futhey, Esq., was then chosen president, 
 and served in that capacity until after his appointment as 
 president judge of the Fifteenth Judicial District, in 
 February, 1879. He was succeeded by Elijah F. Penny- 
 packer, who is still president of the company. 
 
 Enoch Harlan continued to be secretary and treasurer 
 until his death, in the summer of 1872. He was followed 
 by his son, Thos. W. Harlan, who resigned in July, 1873, 
 and was succeeded by George M. Rupert, Esq., who still 
 holds the position. 
 
 The present board of directors, elected in January, 1881, 
 is as follows, viz. : Elijah F. Pennypacker, William Win- 
 dle, Thomas Millard, William Welch, Marshall H. Mat- 
 lack, Isaac A. Cleaver, Charles M. Griffith, Davis W. En- 
 trikin, Edwin James, John P. Ingram, Isaac S. Cochran, 
 and John D. McHenry. 
 
392 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 THE PHCENIXVILLE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM- 
 PANY 
 
 was incorporated Nov. 8, 1875, and has its office in Phoe- 
 nixville. The president is W. W. Waitneight, and the 
 secretary, George M. Bishop. 
 
 THE NEW LONDON MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM- 
 PANY 
 
 was organized in 1880, and on Jan. 3, 1881, an election 
 was held at New London, by which the following were 
 chosen directors for the ensuing year, viz. : Jesse Spencer, 
 S. W. Dougherty, J. B. Mackey, George B. Titus, William 
 H. Way, Job S. Pugh, Darlington Cope, Lewis Passmore, 
 and Thomas Mercer. The new board organized by the se-- 
 lection of Thomas Mercer, President ; David Mercer, Sec- 
 retary ; and Lewis Passmore, Treasurer. 
 
 UNION LIVE STOCK INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 This company held its annual meeting at Kennet Square, 
 in December, J 880. From the treasurer's report it appears 
 that there is an insurance upon horses of $57,677, and 
 upon cows, $16,238. To be paid out on account of the 
 loss of cattle is the sum of $374.25, and upon horses 
 $168.75. In the previous year the losses on horses were 
 $1079.25, and on cattle, $447.84. The officers are : presi- 
 dent, Thomas Sharpless ; secretary, W. W. Parker; cor- 
 responding secretary and treasurer, James G. Parker. 
 
 THE MUTUAL LIVE STOCK INSURANCE COMPANY OP 
 CHESTER COUNTY 
 
 was incorporated May 1, 1866, and transacted business 
 until the year 1874, when it ceased operations. Enoch 
 Harlan was secretary from its organization until his death, 
 May 27, 1872, and was succeeded by his son, Thomas W. ■ 
 Harlan. 
 
 THE WESTERN MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY 
 was incorporated April 17, 1841. It effected insurances 
 on buildings in the western and southwestern sections of 
 the county, but soon suspended. 
 
 THE UNION MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY 
 
 is the oldest fire insurance company in the county. It was 
 incorporated July 11,1842, but has been in operation since 
 about 1838, and therefore antedates the Mutual Fire In- 
 surance Company of Chester County about two years. Its 
 field embraces seven townships — Pennsbury, Kennet, New 
 Garden, Londongrove, East Marlborough, Newlin, and 
 Pocopson — and the borough of Kennet Square. It is 
 purely mutual, keeping no funds on hand, and making as- 
 sessments on the members as losses occur. It has always 
 been well and successfully managed. Its officers are Wil- 
 liam Pyle, President, and Mark J. Cox, Secretary, and it 
 has a board of managers. 
 
 THE OXFORD FIRE AND LIFE INSURANCE, ANNUITY, 
 AND TRUST COMPANY 
 
 was incorporated April 10, 1867, and was in operation for 
 some years as a fire insurance company, but has ceased to 
 do business. 
 
 SPRING CITY STOVE-WORKS. 
 
 As far back as 1850 stoves were made at Springville, 
 now Spring City, by James Rogers, who had a small foun- 
 dry, in which he was engaged in making a few old-fashioned 
 nine-plate wood-stoves, making a cast about once a week, 
 and employing one, two, and sometimes three hands ; this 
 foundry was destroyed by fire in 1856 or 1857, and it was 
 thought for a time the manufacturing of stoves in Spring- 
 
 ^,KNT7 R2^CE|^^0VC T^^g^ 
 
 ^Ir^- 
 
 AT Spring City/w Rovers FoRD.Pyv 
 
 THE COVENTRY MUTUAL LIVE STOCK INSURANCE COM- 
 PANY 
 was incorporated Feb. 9, 1861, and has since been in suc- 
 cessful operation. 
 
 THE CHESTER COUNTY INSURANCE COMPANY 
 
 was incorporated April 1, 1836, and did business for some 
 years, but finally suspended about 1842j^It was located in 
 West Chester. ^ 
 
 ville would be entirely abandoned. It was not until the 
 spring of 1859 that it was revived, when Samuel Smith, a 
 practical foundryman from the East, who was visiting some 
 friends at Springville, proposed to put his experience against 
 capital and start a stove-works. This proposal resulted in 
 Casper Francis (now president of the National Bank of 
 Spring City) and David G. Wells forming a partnership 
 with Mr. Smith, under the firm-name of Smith, Francis & 
 
CHESTER COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY". 
 
 393 
 
 Wells, for the purpose of manufacturing stoves. Suitable 
 buildings were erected, and the firm took possession in the 
 spring of 1860, under a lease of ten years. They employed 
 some six moulders at the start, making as their leading 
 goods the famous " Combination Cook-Stove," which has 
 continued to be a great favorite with the trade to the 
 present time, with a sale of over 40,000. 
 
 During the early part of their history these stove-works 
 experienced many changes of ownership. The firm of 
 Smith, Francis & Wells was changed in 1862 to Smith & 
 Wells; by the admission of Joseph Johnson, in 1865, to 
 Smith, Wells & Co. ; in 1867, by the purchase of D. G. 
 Wells' interest by E. S. Shantz, to Smith, Johnson & Co. ; 
 and in 1869 to Shantz & Johnson ; and by the purchase of 
 Joseph Johnson's interest, in 1870, by Oliver B. Keeley, 
 to Shantz & Keeley. Thus the close of the ten years' lease 
 found these stove-works in the hands of two young men 
 just past their majority, and employing 20 moulders, or in 
 all about 40 men. The firm was continued, and with in- 
 creased business. In September, 1880, the senior partner, 
 E. S. Shantz, died with consumption (which had taken all 
 his family to an early grave), the firm was dissolved, and 
 the business was carried on by the remaining partner, Oliver 
 B. Keeley. The business begun by them in 1870 with 
 40 men has grown in 1881 to one employing over 225 men, 
 and turning out 25,000 stoves, heaters, and ranges an- 
 nually,* supplying the trade from Maine to Texas, and not 
 a few crossing the water to foreign countries. 
 
 CHESTEK COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY.f 
 The Chester County Medical Society was founded in 
 1828. On the 5th of February in that year a number of 
 the physicians of the county met in West Chester, at the 
 house of Ann Mason. Dr. Isaac Thomas was called to the 
 chair, and Dr. Wilmer Worthington chosen secretary. A 
 committee composed of Drs. Samuel McCleane, Jacob 
 Sharpless, Isaac L. Coffman, Bartholomew Fussell, and 
 Isaac Pennington presented resolutions setting forth the need 
 for the proposed organization. The following were named 
 as a committee to prepare a constitution and by-laws : Drs. 
 William Darlington, treorge A. Fairlamb, William Harris, 
 Samuel McCleane, Ezra Michener, Joseph Grifi&th, and 
 John Kennedy. In addition to those above named, Drs. 
 Charles W. Parish and John B. Brinton are known to 
 have participated in the organization of the society. 
 
 On the 2d of the following June a second meeting 
 was held. Dr. George A. Fairlamb presided, Drs. Thomas 
 Seal and Samuel McCleane acted as secretaries. The com- 
 mittee on the subject reported a constitution and by-laws, 
 introduced by this preamble : " A number of the physicians 
 of Chester County, convinced of the importance of associ- 
 ated efforts in promoting every species of improvement, and 
 being desirous to advance the best interest of the sciences 
 to which they are devoted, have agreed to form themselves 
 into an association." The constitution established the ofEces 
 of president, two vice-presidents, recording and corres- 
 
 » On July 6, 1881, after the above article was written, a disastrous 
 firo oeourrod at Spring City, in which these works were almost wholly 
 destroyed. 
 
 t By Edward Jackson, M.D., West Chester. 
 
 50 
 
 ponding secretaries, and treasurer, each with the duties com- 
 monly allotted to it. The ofiicors were elected yearly, the 
 meetings came quarterly. 
 
 The by-laws declared it " the duty of members to report 
 to the society all remarkable cases of disease within their 
 cognizance." They also directed that at each June meet- 
 insi an orator should be elected to deliver a suitable address 
 one year later. 
 
 Permanent organization was completed by electing Dr. 
 William Darlington the first president, Drs. George A. 
 Fairlamb and William Harris vice-presidents, John Ken- 
 nedy and Wilmer Worthington secretaries, Thomas Seal 
 treasurer, and Samuel McCleane orator. 
 
 The constitution and by-laws, with the proceedings of 
 these two meetings, were, by direction of the society, pub- 
 lished in the county papers. The effort did not, however, 
 attract many more to it, for in the next three years the only 
 new members were Drs. Enoch P. Hoopes and Gideon G. 
 Palmer, and the average attendance during this time was 
 but six members present at each meeting. The lack of 
 interest on the part of the mass of medical practitioners 
 led, in June, 1831, to a suspension of the meetings. At 
 that time the society adjourned indefinitely, to meet at the 
 call of the president, or any three members. This suspen- 
 sion was not to be wondered at when it was remembered 
 that this was the only medical society in Pennsylvania draw- 
 ing its members from country practice, and that more than 
 fifteen years elapsed before similar organizations were at- 
 tempted in any of the adjoining counties. 
 
 Durin"- 1828 the place of meeting continued to be the 
 house of Ann Mason, but after that it was changed to the 
 hall of the Chester County Cabinet of Natural Sciences, 
 where the society continued to meet during the next thirty 
 years. The exercises of these early meetings were mainly 
 medical papers and discussions. At one resolutions were 
 adopted pledging the members " to use every endeavor to 
 overcome the existing prejudices against post-mortem ex- 
 aminations, and to embrace every opportunity for making 
 such an acquaintance with morbid anatomy." At another 
 " the preliminary education and mental qualifications of 
 medical pupils" was discussed. During this period an at- 
 tempt was made to establish a library, and the society sub- 
 scribed for one copy of the Medical Recorder (later the 
 American Journal of Medical Sciences). The subscrip- 
 tion to the Recorder ceased in 1831, and although addi- 
 tions have from time to time been made to the library, it 
 has never become very valuable or important to the society. 
 From 1831 no meetings were held until, in response to 
 the call of the president, six members and thirteen other 
 physicians ready to join the society met in the hall of the 
 Chester County Cabinet of Natural Sciences, on the 8th of 
 June, 1847, and effected a reorganization. At the meet- 
 ing in December following the society adopted the code of 
 medical ethics which had received the sanction of the 
 American Medical Association at its first annual meeting 
 in May of that year; also a fee-bill, which, it was hoped, 
 would " be found to approach as near as may be to the views 
 and practices of the physicians of the county, and furnish 
 no just ground for,cpmplaint to patients." 
 
 At this same meeting resolutions were introduced by Dr. 
 
394 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Worthington and adopted by the society looking to the 
 formation of a State medical society, and directing the 
 corresponding secretary to invite the co-operation of the 
 diflFerent medical schools and associations in the State. The 
 result of this call was the formation of the Medical Society 
 of the State of Pennsylvania, which held its first meeting 
 at Lancaster in April, 1848. From that time until the 
 present the county society has regularly sent its delegates 
 to both the State society and the national association. 
 In 1849 the stated meetings of the society were made semi- 
 annual, and the plan adopted of holding an " adjourned" 
 about a month after each " stated" meeting, and in some 
 other part of the county. This was continued until 1854, 
 when the stated meetings were made quarterly and the 
 others discontinued. During this time such adjourned meet- 
 ings were held at Chatham, Coatesville, Downingtown, Ken- 
 net Square, New London Cross-Roads, Paoli, and Phoenix- 
 ville. In 1850 there were over 40 members, after the with- 
 drawal of soaJB from Delaware County on the formation of its 
 medical society in May of that year. In 1852, Drs. Wil- 
 liam Darlington, Charles W. Parish, and Wilmer Worth- 
 ington were appointed to prepare and report biographies of 
 deceased physicians of the county. This duty they from 
 time to time performed until near the death of Dr. Worth- 
 ington, among the biographies so prepared being those 
 of both Drs. Darlington and Parish. These biographies 
 were published, when written, in the Medical Reporter, 
 and the transactions of the State society. It was in the 
 fall of this year the movement was started which resulted 
 in the publication of the Medical Reporter, " a quarterly 
 journal, published under the direction of the Chester and 
 Delaware County Medical Societies," the first number of 
 which appeared in July, 1853. This journal was in charge 
 of five editors, three — Drs. W. Worthington, Isaac Thomas, 
 and Jacob Price — from Chester and two — Drs. J. T. Hud- 
 dleson and George Martin — from Delaware County. This 
 journal continued to be published for three years. Its con- 
 tents were the proceedings of the two county societies, and 
 of the State and national associations, addresses delivered 
 and papers read before the county societies, reports of cases 
 observed by their members, biographies of deceased mem- 
 bers, quotations, items, and short editorial comments on 
 matters of interest to the profession. Before the time of 
 the Medical Reporter, the constitution, by-laws, code of 
 ethics, and fee-bill had been printed in pamphlet form in 
 1848, and again in 1852, also the address of the retiring 
 president. Dr. William Darlington, in 1852. 
 
 All publications authorized by the society and not men- 
 tioned above have been made through the transactions of 
 the State Medical Society. 
 
 Among the papers so published those of most general 
 interest are an account of the topography and geology of 
 the county, illustrated by a map and diagrams, in the trans- 
 actions for 1857, and the meteorological records in 1857, 
 '58, and '67. 
 
 In 1857 the annual meeting of the State Medical So- 
 ciety was held at the court-house at West Chester. At the 
 close of its session the delegates present were escorted 
 along the Brandywine Creek, and over the scene of the 
 Revolutionary battle, and afterwards entertained at the 
 
 Cabinet Hall by the county society. From 1860 there is 
 not much to record of the Chester County Medical Society. 
 The civil war drew from it some of the most active mem- 
 bers, and engrossed the interest of all. 
 
 This interest found very practical expression at the meet- 
 ing of April, 1861, in a unanimous resolution ofiFering 
 medical attendance without charge to the families of United 
 States volunteers so long as they should remain in the 
 field. After the close of the war the society remained for 
 some time in a depressed condition. In 1869 the member- 
 ship was but 13. The next year a reorganization was at- 
 tempted. The immediate result was not very marked, but 
 from that time both membership and interest steadily in- 
 creased. In 1880 the membership numbered 30. After 
 1858 the stated meetings were held semi-annually in vari- 
 ous rooms in West Chester, sometimes the ofl5ce of some 
 member, until 1871, since which time they have been held 
 in the lecture-room of the Presbyterian church. Within 
 the last year meetings have been held at Coatesville and 
 Oxford, and the times of meeting changed to the second 
 Wednesdays of February, April, June, August, October, 
 and December. 
 
 The great mass of the proceedings of the society has 
 been of a strictly professional character, yet many subjects 
 of more general interest have claimed its attention, nota- 
 bly the enforcement of public sanitary measures, vaccina- 
 tion, etc., the registration of births and deaths, the regis- 
 tration of practitioners of medicine and their alleged quali- 
 fications, the establishment of a State board of health, 
 the raising of the standard of medical education, which 
 have all received due consideration and vigorous support. 
 
 As a specimen of a physician's bill in the past century 
 we present the following : 
 
 " Chester Co. to Dr. Branson Van Leer, Br. 
 
 1769. £ *. d. 
 
 Jan. 25. Bleeding Ann Gregory 2 6 
 
 " " A vomit .". 1 G 
 
 " 26. Pleuritic Drops 4 2 
 
 " " Six Pectoral I'owders 3 U 
 
 " " A Cordial .Tulep 4, 6 
 
 " 27. Ditto 4 6 
 
 " " Si. -c Pectoral Powders 3 
 
 " " A Pectoral Linctus 3 
 
 " " Pleuritic Drops 4 2 
 
 " 28. Six Pectoral Powders 3 
 
 " " 2 Blistering Plaisters 5 
 
 " " Plaister 16 
 
 " 29. Six Pleuritic Drops 3 
 
 " " A Purging Bolus 16 
 
 " A Cordial Julep 4 6 
 
 " 30. Purging Ingredients 2 
 
 " " Plaister 16 
 
 " " Six Pectoral Powders 3 
 
 " 31. A Cordial Julep 4 6 
 
 Feb. 1. Six Pectoral Powders 3 
 
 " " Pleuritic Drops 4 
 
 " " A Pectoral Linctus 3 
 
 " " A Cordial Julep 3 
 
 " 2. Six Pectoral Powders 3 
 
 " " A Cordial Julep 4 6 
 
 " 4. A Febrifuge .Julep 4 6 
 
 " " A Pectoral Linctus 3 
 
 " " PIai.^ter 16 
 
 " 5. Purging Bolus o 1 6 
 
 " " A Pectoral Linctus 3 
 
 " 8. Ditto 3 
 
 " " A Cordial Julep 4 6 
 
 " 10. A Pectoral Linctus 3 
 
 £5 8 6 
 
 History fails to disclose whether the aforesaid Ann, with 
 all these juleps, cordials, pectorals, boluses, etc., survived or 
 not. 
 
THE MASONIC ORDER. 
 
 305 
 
 THE MASONIC OEDER. 
 
 The following is a list of Masonic lodges chartered in 
 Clioster County. Those marked * are now at work under 
 the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania : 
 
 No. 11. Newtown, Bucks County.— Granted Aug. 17, 1708; surren- 
 dered Dec. 24, 1781. New wnvrant granted to brnncli of No. — , and 
 held at a place called the Half-way House, Londongrovo township, in 
 Chester County, on Feb. 16, 1782 ; surrendered, and renewed March 7, 
 1791. 
 
 No. 50. Sign of the " White Horse," East Whitcland, Chester Co.— 
 Granted Deo. 6, 1790 ; moved to the borough of West Chester Jan. 5, 
 1807 ; warrant resigned June IS, 1838. 
 
 No. 75.» Pughtown, Coventry township (now Phoeni.\ville), Chester 
 Co.— Granted March 5, 1798. 
 
 No. SO. Unity Lodge, to be held at the United States Arras inn, in 
 Sffidsbury township, Chester Co.— Granted June 3, 1799 ; Sept. 1, 1800, 
 moved to sign of the "Rising Sun," Salisbury township, Lancaster 
 Co.; April 7, 1801, moved to sign of the "Plough," Sadsbury town- 
 ship, Chester Co. Vacated Oct. 3, 1808, for unmasonic conduct. 
 
 No. 132. Brandywine Lodge, at the sign of the "Olive Branch," on 
 the Downingtown and Harrisburg turnpike-road, in the county of 
 Chester. — Granted Sept. 2, 1811; removed to West Nantmeal town- 
 ship, 1822 ; removed to Uoneybrook township. 
 
 No. U2. Village Lodge, Sadsbury, Chester Co.— Granted Nov. 20, 
 1815. 
 
 No. 162. Fidelity Lodge, New London Cross-Roads, New London 
 township, Chester Co. — December, 1818. 
 
 No. 174. Downingtown Lodge, Downingtown, Chester Co. — May 1, 
 1820. 
 
 No. 183'. Farmers' Lodge, at "General Jackson" inn, TredyfFrin 
 township, Chester Co., Sept. 12, 1822. 
 
 No. 309.* Williamson Lodge, Downingtown, Chester Co. — Consti- 
 tuted Nov. 27, 1857. 
 
 No. 322.» West Chester Lodge, West Chester, Chester Co.— March 
 1, 1868. 
 
 No. 340.® Thomson Lodge, Garrett's Sideling, Chester Co.— June 
 4, 1860. Now at Green Tree, on Pennsylvania Railroad, in Chester 
 County. 
 
 No. 343.® Skerrett Lodge, Cochranville, Chester Co.— June 16, 1862. 
 
 No. 353.* Oxford Lodge, Oxford, Chester Co.— Dec. 27, 1864. 
 
 No. 383.* Goddard Lodge, Coatesville, Chester Co.— March 5, 18B7. 
 
 No. 405.® Howell Lodge, Waynesburg (now Brookville), Chester 
 Co.— Dec. 27, 1867. 
 
 No. 446.* Mount Pickering Lodge, Upper Uwchlan, Chester Co. — 
 Jui!e .3, 1869. 
 
 No. 475.* Eonnct Lodge, Kennet Square, Chester Co. — June 1, 
 1870. 
 
 No. 545.* New London Lodge, New London, Chester Co. — March 
 1, 1876. 
 
 No. 553.* Spring City Lodge, Spring City, Chester Co.— Dec. 27, 
 1877. 
 
 We give a brief history of some of the lodges mentioned 
 in the foregoing list. 
 
 LODGE No. 50. 
 
 Being unable to find any of the papers or books of this 
 lodge, with the exception of two ledgers and a book of its 
 minutes from Aug. 12, 1826, to July 11, 1835, its histdVy 
 must necessarily be incomplete ; but from its returns made 
 to the Grand Lodge, the minute-book aboye referred to, 
 and other reliable sources, we have gathered information 
 which, we trust, will interest the reader, be he Mason or not. 
 
 This was the first Masonic lodge originally chartered 
 in Chester County. (See Nos. 11 and 50 in "List of 
 Lodges.") At a Quarterly Communication of the Grand 
 Lodge, held at Philadelphia, Dec. 6, 1Y90, a petition was 
 read from a number of brethren. Master Masons, praying 
 for a warrant to hold a lodge at the sign of the " White 
 Horse," in East Whitcland, in the county of Chester, or at 
 
 any other place within five miles of it. The prayer was 
 granted, and the Grand Secretary directed to make out 
 a warrant in the name of Bro. John Smith, Master ; John 
 Bartholomew, Senior Warden ; and John Christie, Junior 
 Warden, of No. 50. Jan. 5, 1807, permission was sought 
 and obtained of the Grand Lodge to remove said lodge to 
 the boiough of West Chester. 
 
 The following lists show the names and time of service 
 of the Masters, and the names of the members : 
 
 John Smith, Deo. 1790, to June, 1800; John G. Bull, June, 1800, to 
 Deo. 1801; MarmaduUo Pearcc, Dec. 1801, to Dec. 1802; John 
 Rowland, Dec. 1802, to Juno, 1803; Cromwell Pcarce, June, 
 1803, to Dec. 1803; John G. Bull, Dec. 1803, to Dec. 1804; John 
 Lindsay, Dec. 1804, to Dec. 1805; Joseph Pearce, Deo. 1805, to 
 June, 1806; Isaac Darlington, June, 1806, to Dee. 1806; John 
 B. Porter, Dec. 1800, to June, 1807 ; Samuel Osborne, June, 1807, 
 to Deo. 1807; Ephraim Buffington, Dec. 1807, to June, 1808; 
 John Duer, Jr., June, 1808, to Doc. 1808 ; Isaac Darlington, Dec. 
 1808, to Dec. 1810 ; Caleb Bradley, Deo. 1810, to Deo. 1811 ; Isaac 
 Darlington, Dec. 1811, to Dec. 1812; Isaac Tussey, Jr., Dec. 
 1812, to Dee. 1813; William Darlington, Dec. 1813, to Dec. 1815; 
 Samson Babb, Dec. 1817, to Dec. 1818; Joel C. Bailey, Dec. 1818, 
 to Dec. 1819; Thomas Darlington, Deo. 1819, to Dec. 1820; John 
 Hall, Dee. 1820, to Dec. 1821; John Jeffeiis, Dec. 1821, to Dec. 
 1822; Horatio T. Jefferis, Dec. 1822, to Dec. 1823; S. C. Jefferis, 
 Dec. 1823, to Dec. 1824; Samson Babb, Dec. 1825, to Dec. 1827; 
 Jesse Conard, Dec. 1827, to Doc. 1829 ; Samson Babb, Dec. 1829, 
 to Dec. 1831 ; George AV. Hall, Dec. 1831, to Dec. 1832; Wilmer 
 Worthington, Dec. 1832, to Dec. 1834; James B. Jefferis, Dec. 
 1834. 
 
 Liat of Members.^' — John Bartholomew, John Christie, Thomas Cum- 
 mins, John Davis, John Davis (2d), Persifor Frazer, Ezekiel How- 
 ell, Joseph McClellan, Cromwell Pearce, Arthur Rice, Thomas 
 Ross, John Smith, David S. Andrews, James Adie, Jacob D. At- 
 kinson, William Atkins, Robert Allison, Richard Budder, James 
 Bones, Stephen Bowers, James D. Bernard, Joshua Baldwin, El- 
 hana W. Benner, Jeremiah Baily, W. H. Brown, Nathan H. 
 Baker, W. W. Baker, Gilpin Bennet, Joseph Brinton, John Bat- 
 tin, Richard Barnard, Levi Baldwin, Samuel Bellarjeau, Marshall 
 Battin, John Burns, Daniel Buckwalter, Nathan S. Burnett, John 
 H. Coates, Daniel Crouse, John D. Curran, Richard Cox, Joshua 
 H. Cox, Whitson Cooper, David Carr, Emmor Carter, Jos. Carter, 
 David Chandler, Chas. Dilworth, Samuel Davis, John Dowling, 
 Wm. Davis, William Davis (2d), Samuel Downing, David Dickey, 
 William H. Dillingham, Joseph Dowdiill, Plum'. Edwards, Jesse 
 Evans, Robert Frazer, Henry Fleming, Jos. F. Flemings G. A. 
 Fairlamb, Jonathan Gause, Jacob Humphreys, Joseph Hemphill, 
 Washington Hannum, Wills Hemphill, Daniel Heistcr, George 
 Hartman, James Hollis, William Harris, Nathiin Hayes, Samuel 
 Hall (or Hale), Townsend H.aines, Jabez Iloopes, Benjamin Hick- 
 man, Caleb Harlan, Elisha Ingram, Lewis Iddings, Joseph Jack- 
 son, Joseph Jones, Thomas H. B. Jacobs, Levi .Jackson, Abijah 
 Jackson, Hiram Jones, Philip John, Benjamin Jefferis, John 
 Keylor, Thomas Lindsey, J. M. Lewis, Daniel Masey, Jno. Mc- 
 Farland, David Moody, Abner Miller, Vincent C. Marshall, Moses 
 McCloskey, Major MacVengh, Jesse K. Marshall, George Mills, 
 Samuel Mullen, Rufus T. Martin, John Morris, Joseph Marshall, 
 Abraham Marshall, Jr., Charles Miner, Jesse McCall, David 
 Marshall, Jacob Minster, William MoWilliams, Eli McElhaney, 
 Jacob Neiler, Thomas Nields, George Norman, Joseph Osborne, 
 Anthony W. Olwine, Evan.Pugh, Edward Pearce, Evan Phillips, 
 Ziba Pyle, Lea Pusey, Charles W. Parish, Cromwell Pearce, Jr., 
 Thos. Parke, John Quinn, J. H. Quinn, Jesse Roberts, Rich. Robin- 
 son, John Robinson, Jacob Righter, John Ross, John Smith, John 
 Shippen, Conrad Sherer, Edward Siter, Thomas Seal, Thomas 
 Sweeney, Caleb Strode, Olof Stromberg, Abel Thomas, Thomas 
 Taylor, John Taylor, John Trimble, Nathan W. Townsend, John 
 Taylor, Jr., Isaac Trimble, Oreb Taylor, Isaac Taylor, Maris Tay- 
 loi-, Isaac Tussey, William Taylor, Joseph Vernon, Dennis 
 Whelcn, Charles Willing, John Worthington, William Worthing- 
 
 * The first twelve flames pf this list were the charter members. 
 
396 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTEE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ton, Emmor T. Weaver, William Williamson, Jos. Wilkinson, 
 Thomas Wise, Job Wickersham, Taylor Wintcrbottom, David 
 Yearsley. 
 
 The lodge met for many years (perhaps always after 
 1807) in a room over the prothonotary's office, in a building 
 erected in 1791, on the southeast corner of the present 
 court-house yard, and removed in 1847. Aug. 12, 1826, 
 is the first meeting of which there is any minute. At that 
 date a resolution was passed to purchase the lot of Jesse 
 Conard, on the corner of High and South Streets, for $700, 
 the said Jesse Conard to subscribe $50 towards the build- 
 ing of a hall. Jan. 13, 1827, a deed of trust for the lot 
 was made to Isaac Trimble, Thomas Darlington, and Horatio 
 T. Jefferis, trustees, etc., and plans prepared for a hall, but 
 they did not erect it, and in the spring of 1829 the lot was 
 sold by direction of the lodge, probably owing to the fast- 
 decreasing membership and consequently depleted treasury. 
 In January, 1835, the treasurer was directed to dispose of 
 the railroad stock belonging to the lodge, which he did ; 
 and in May he was directed to pay to the treasurer of tha 
 Chester County Cabinet of Natural Sciences the sum of 
 $200, to be applied towards the purchase of a set of chem- 
 ical and philosophical apparatus. Sept. 20, 1835, the 
 lodge suspended for two years, and June 18, 1838, surren- 
 dered its charter to the Grand Lodge. Its return to the 
 grand body in 1835 showed 14 members, all in good stand- 
 ing, viz. : 
 
 T. H. B. Jacobs, West Whiteland; J. B. Jefferis, Thornbury; Isaac 
 Trimble, Samson Babb, John Battin, Joseph Dowdall, West Brad- 
 ford; John Hall, H. T. Jefferis, Thomas Sweeney, Jesse Conard, 
 AVilmer Worthington, M.D., West Chester; Abijah Jackson, 
 Kennct; Geo. W. Hall, East Goshen; and Isaac Tussey, resi- 
 dence not given. 
 
 The life of Lodge No. 50 was well spent, and the good 
 done will long outlive its remembrance. A perusal of the 
 names of its members will be interesting to many of our 
 older citizens, as it will bring to mind many prominent 
 characters of their acquaintance a half-century ago. For 
 the history of Masonry up to this point we are indebted to 
 C. H. Hannum, Esq. 
 
 PHCENIX LODGE, No. 75. 
 
 This lodge was instituted in 1798. The warrant was 
 made out March 5th, in the name of John Church, Mas- 
 ter ; John Worthington, Senior Warden ; and Jesse Rob- 
 erts, Junior Warden. March 12th the first officers were 
 installed, being those named in the warrant and Issaoher 
 Pugh, Treasurer, and John Smith, Secretary. The lodge- 
 room was situated over Samuel Townsend's store, in Pugh- 
 town, and its owner, S. Townsend, was the first Mason 
 made in the lodge, the early meetings of which were regu- 
 lar, interesting, and well attended. It continued to work 
 in harmony and increase of membership until 1811, when 
 the approaching conflict of arms absorbed much of the in- 
 terest of the community, and the meetings became less fre- 
 quent, and a general apathy prevailed in the lodge. In 
 November, 1814, the place of meeting was changed from 
 Pughtown to the " General Pike Hotel," in Charlestown 
 township, one mile west of Phoenixville, at which place the 
 first officers installed were the following : Lewis Wernwag, 
 
 W. M. ; Lewis Townsend, S. W. ; Hugh Strickland, J. W. ; 
 John Morgan, Treas. ; Charles Mowrey, Sec. 
 
 The lodge increased in numbers and efficiency until 1832. 
 April 30, 1836, the lodge resolved to surrender its charter. 
 The warrants, books, papers, etc., of the lodge remained in 
 possession of the Grand Lodge until Feb. 1, 1847. In 
 January, 1847, Major MacVeagh, George C.Nichols, John 
 Vanderslice, and others sent a petition to the R. W. G. M., 
 praying to have the warrant restored. February 1st the 
 lodge was opened, in Major MacVeagh's hotel, "mine host" 
 Mr. MacVeagh being installed Worshipful Master. Phoenix 
 Lodge again set to work, and entered upon a long career 
 of usefulness in the community. In the winter of 1866- 
 67 were inaugurated efforts to form a Masonic association 
 and to build a hall. The hall was completed, the lodge- 
 room elaborately furnished, and dedicated Nov. 1, 1869. 
 
 From March 12, 1798, to Dec. 27, 1880, there joined 
 this lodge 50 by card and 431 by initiation, — total, 481. 
 During the same time the lodge lost in membership, by 
 withdrawal, etc., 166, and by death 163, leaving at the 
 last-named date 152 members in good standing. 
 
 The names of the successive Masters, with the dates of 
 the commencement of their terms of office, are as follows : 
 
 Capt. Thos. Church, March 12, 179S; John Worthington, July 21, 
 1798; Jesse Roberts, Dec. 16, 1798; Capt. Thos. Church, June 
 15, 1799; Samuel Townsend, July 19, 1800; Hugh Strickland, 
 May 15, 1802; Patrick MoCandridge, Dec. 18, 1802; Emmor 
 Bradley, June 18, 1803; George Hoffman, Sept. 17. 180.S; Rob- 
 ert Britt, Deo. 17, 1803; Caleb Townsend, June 6, 1804; George 
 Strickland, Deo. 15, 1804 ; Thomas Evans, June 15, 1805 ; Caleb 
 Jones, June 21, 1806; Lewis Wernwag, Deo. 14, 1814; Nathan 
 H. Smith, June 8, 1816; John Morgan, Nov. 30, 1816; Joseph 
 P. Shannon, Dec. 20, 18!7.» 
 
 Samuel P. Norton, 1818; Maj. MacVeagh, 1819; Matthias Penny- 
 packer, 1820; Saml. P. Norton, 1821; Jonathan Thomas, 1824; 
 John Morgan, 1825; Ellis Lewis, 1826; Samuel Shearer, 1827 ; 
 »Isaao Z. Coffman, 1828; James White, 1829; Isaac Z. Coffman, 
 1830; Maj. MacVeagh, 1847; Geo. C. Nichols, 1848; Samuel A. 
 Whitnker, 1849; Nathan T. MacVeagh, 1850; John J. Rush, 
 1851; »John Vanderslice, 1852; » George Walters, 1853; »J<)hn 
 R. Dobson, 1854 ; Samuel Hunsicker, 1855 ; » Nathan B. Broom- 
 all, 1856; » John D. Jenkins, 1857; Lavington Quick, 1858; 
 » Addison S. Vanderslice, 1859; »Erucst Knapp, 1860; » Levi 
 B. Kaler, 1861; « Levi Oberholtzer, 1862; » Isaac Clegg, 1863; 
 Geo. W. Fronefield, 1864; * John E. Caswell, 1865; * Joseph Dob- 
 son, 1866; » James Brownback [Jan.], 1868; » Samuel Diomer, 
 1868; » Joseph Morgan, Jr., 1869; » Reuben Franklin, 1870; 
 » Robert Macadam, 1871; *William H. Clegg, 1872; »Vosburg 
 N. Shaffer, 1873; » Jeremiah Binder, 1874; « Wm. Marshall, 
 1875; »John S. Shearer, 1876; » Peter G. Carey, 1878; »John 
 Robb, 1879; -»Charles Uollman, 1880. 
 
 Of the 59 Masters above given, 26 (those marked by an 
 asterisk) are living. The principal officers of the lodge at 
 the present time, elected Dec. 28, 1880, are : 
 
 Charles Hollman, Master; Reinhard S. Keelor, Senior Warden ; Sam- 
 uel R. March, Junior Warden ; John Vanderslice, Treasurer ; 
 Joseph Dobson, Secretary. 
 
 To the last-named gentleman we are indebted for the 
 facts contained in this sketch of Lod^e No. 75. 
 
 * Semi-annual elections prevailed in the early days, but after 1816 
 they were holden annually, which custom continues. As they have 
 been held, with one exception, in the month of December, we omit 
 from this point onward naming the month, simply giving the year. 
 
THE MASONIC ORDER. 
 
 397 
 
 WILLIAMSON LODGE, No. 309. 
 
 In 1820 a. lod<re of the order of Ancient York Masons 
 was instituted in Downingtown, and under its ownership 
 was built the substantial house now the rectory of St. 
 James' Church. Here the mysterious rites were performed 
 for some years, but under the overwhelming anti-Masonic 
 excitement of 1827-30 the society ceased to exist, and the 
 property, though known afterwards for many years as 
 " Masonic Hall," had passed into other hands and uses. 
 
 Nov. 27, 1857, " Williamson Lodge, No. 3C'9, A. Y. M.," 
 was instituted. The charter members were Horace A. 
 Beale, Rev. P. Brown Morrison, R. D. Wells, Dr. W. D. 
 Downing, Samuel Black, J. Bruuer Evans, Isaac McClurc, 
 Jesse C. Jones. 
 
 There have been admitted into membership since organi- 
 zation 184, of which number there have withdrawn or de- 
 ceased 94, leaving a present membership (1876) of 98. 
 
 The Masonic Hall, opposite the Pennsylvania Railroad 
 depot, was built 1869-70, and dedicated June 24, 1870. 
 
 WEST CHESTER LODGE, No. 322. 
 
 This was the first lodge chartered in the jurisdiction of 
 Lodge No. 50, after the dissolution of the last-named body. 
 Its charter — made out in the names of John P. Jcfferis, W. 
 M. ; Abraham Baily, S. W. ; and Joseph Dowdall, J. 
 W. — bears date of March 1, 1858. Its charter members 
 were those already named, with Thomas H. B. Jacobs, 
 Amos Speakman, Benjamin Hickman, Alexander Holton, 
 and Isaac Trimble. Of these. Brothers Dowdall, Jacobs, 
 Hickman, and Trimble were members of No. 50. The 
 Past Masters of this lodge are shown in the following list, 
 the dates being that of their election as Master : 
 
 John P. JefFeris, July 20, 1858, ro elected Nov. 29, 1858; John J. 
 Pinkerton, 1859; James Givin, 1860; AVilliam D. Hartman, 
 1861; Joseph S. Evans, 1862-64; Walter Hibbard, Jr., 1865; 
 William T. Haines, 1866 ; Nimrod Strickland, Jr., 1867 ; Charles 
 Fairlamb, 1868; Charles P. Hewes, 1869 ; D. Todd Jones, 1870; 
 William M. Hayes, 1871; George F. Smith, 1872; William B. 
 Brinton, 1873; William H.Morgan, 1874; Frank Graff, 1875; 
 William W. Heed, 1876; Norris T. Smith, 1877; Henry C. Bald- 
 win, 1878; A. M. Kinnard, 1879; James H. Naylor, 1880. 
 
 The principal officers for the current year, elected Dec. 
 13, 1880, are 
 
 James H. Naylor, W. M. ; Abraham Wanger, S. W. ; Alexander A. 
 Parker, J. W.; Paul F. Whitehead, Treas.; Jacob H. Darling- 
 ton, Sec; Henry C. Baldwin, Charles Fairlamb, R. J. Monaghan, 
 Trustees. 
 
 The lodge first met in the third story of David Fuld's 
 building, on Gay Street, between High and Church, but 
 early in 1860 removed to new quarters on Church Street, 
 over the Record office. In 1868 they took possession of 
 their present apartments over the post-office. The regalias 
 of the late Judge Isaac Darlington, Thomas Sweeney, and 
 Olof Stromberg, members of No. 50, and that of Gen. I. 
 D. Barnard, were some time since presented to Lodge No. 
 322, and framed. Beyond the relationship existing be- 
 tween No. 322 and No. 50 (despite a lapse of twenty years), 
 her past life contains but few incidents of historical impor- 
 tance. The lodge is in a flourishing condition, and among 
 her 89 members we find enrolled many of our influential 
 citizens. 
 
 THOMSON LODGE, No. 340. 
 This lodge was constituted June 4, 1860. The charter 
 members were 
 
 Frank llieaer, M.D., William H. Gunlde, M.D., Archimedes Robh, 
 Francis S. Fiss, Elijjih G. Hippie, Josse M. Hippie, and Richard 
 R. Darlington. The officers appointed and installed at the or- 
 ganization wore Frank lUeser, M.D., W. M.; William H. Gun- 
 kle, M.D., S. W. ; Archimedes Robb, J. W. 
 
 The lodge was organized at Garrett's Siding, now Frazer 
 Station, in East Whiteland township, in a hall the property 
 of Francis S. Fiss. 
 
 Fob. 12, 1877, the lodge purchased of the administrator 
 of the estate of John D. Phillips a property on the Lan- 
 caster pike, in Willistown township, near Green Tree, for 
 the sum of $4000. The building was altered and remod- 
 eled at an expense of $1800, which new hall was dedicated 
 with appropriate ceremonies by the R. W. and the G. 
 officers, Oct. 17, 1877, Robert Clark, Esq., Grand 
 Master. 
 
 The lodge at this date (A. L. 5881) has 112 members. 
 The present officers are Barclay Lear, W. M. ; Robert B. 
 Carey, M.D., S. W. ; Thomas Buwker, J. W. ; Norris 
 Hibberd, Treas. ; J. Frank Gunkle, Sec. The Past Masters 
 of the lodge are as follows : 
 
 Frank Rieser, M.D., William II. Gunkle, M.D. (deceased), Ai-obimedea 
 Robb (deceased), Francis S. Fiss, G. Washington Gunkle, I. Hes- 
 ton Todd, J. Morton Davis, John Kimes, J. Frank Gunkle, Em- 
 mor G. Griffith, John G. Thomas, M.D., Joseph F. Hill, Phinoas 
 Garrett, H. Morgan Ruth, John R. Hoskins, M.D., George R. 
 Hoopes, Samuel Fetters, Michael M. Gunkle, Marshall H. Mat- 
 lack, Charles G. Webb. 
 
 SKERRETT LODGE, No. 343. 
 
 This lodge is located in Cochranville, and meets in the 
 Cochranville Hall, on Tuesday evening on or before each full 
 moon. It was constituted by the Grand Master, Dr. David 
 C. Skerrett, and the other grand officers in their several 
 stations and places, July 10, 1862, in Masonic Hall, Phila- 
 delphia, by virtue of a warrant granted by the Grand Lodge 
 of Pennsylvania, June 16, 1862. The petitioners for the 
 warrant were Robert L. McClellan, John Gilfillan, John C. 
 Morgan, Joseph Jcfferis, John Henniss, William A. Patrick, 
 Amos Speakman, Dr. James P. Andrews, Henry M. Raw- 
 lins, and Maris T. Jefferis. Upon its constitution the fol- 
 lowing persons were installed as its first officers : Robert L. 
 McClellan, W. M. ; John Gilfillan, S. W. ; John C. Mor- 
 gan, J. W. ; John Henniss, Treas. ; and Joseph Jefferis, 
 Sec. Its officers for 1881 are John R. Watkins, W. M. ; 
 George Y. Wilson, S.W.; John D. Andrews, J. W- ; David 
 H. Cochran, Treas. ; and Dr. Robei t L. McClellan, Sec. 
 Its Past Masters are 
 
 Dr. Robert L. McClellan, John Gilfillan, Samuel H. Dillin, Joseph 
 Jefferis, Rev. J. T. Umstead, Dr. William C. Morrison, Frederick 
 S. Albright, David Y. Wilson, Robert H. Henniss, Dr. J. Willis 
 Houston, J. Agnew Irwin, Lewis M. Reynolds, Jesse C. Dickey, 
 G. M. D. Hunter, Tho. P. Hambleton, John Hershberger, and 
 Charles H. Hartshorne. 
 
 The lodge has 111 members. Since its organization it 
 has dispensed a considerable amount in charity, and now 
 has $3000 invested and in its treasury. 
 
 KENNET LODGE, No. 476. 
 
 Kennet Lodge was constituted July 7, 1870, under a 
 warrant issued June 1, 1870. Number of charter mem- 
 
398 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 bers, 17 ; number of present members, 84. The Past Mas- 
 ters of the lodge are 
 
 Samuel Hershberger (deceased), from constitution to January, 1872; 
 J. Kilgore, 1872; George B. Sharp, 1873; J. M. Phillips, 1874; 
 Jesse Hurford (deceased), 1875; Joseph H. Baily, 1876; Chalkley 
 v. Steward (deceased), 1877; Thompson Kiohards, 1878; George 
 W. Miller, 1879 ; David B. Pyle, 1880.' 
 
 The present officers are Nathan M. Garrett, W. M. ; 
 James G. Parker, S. W. ; Francis Windle, J. W. ; William 
 H. Miles, Treas. ; Thomas T. Worrall, Sec.; J. Milton 
 Smith, J. M. Phillips, Thompson Richards, Trustees. 
 
 The lodge meets in the upper story of the Boiough Hall, 
 Kennet Square, Thursday evenings on or before the full 
 moon of each month. 
 
 INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD-FELLOWS. 
 WEST CHESTER LODGE, No. 42, 
 was opened by Grand Master Skinner. The charter was 
 dated Sept. 26, 1831. The lodge on the 28th March, 
 1832, purchased from Samson Babb a lot on Church Street, 
 between Market and Gay, and erected thereon a building 
 now occupied by the Village Record office, Kervey's drug- 
 store, and Hill's jewelry-store. The building committee 
 were Abraham Marshall, Robert Ferguson, John T. Haines, 
 Lewis W. Williams, and William Adle. The enterprise 
 was not prosperous, and the property was sold by the sheriff 
 in 1834, and soon thereafter the lodge dissolved. 
 
 A few years later the order began to revive in Chester 
 County, and during subsequent years a number of lodges 
 were instituted. Of these twenty-one still survive, and are 
 mostly in a prosperous condition. The following is a brief 
 mention of the several existant organizations : 
 
 STAR OP HOPE LODGE, No. 199, 
 
 meets in Coatesville ; was instituted Nov. 11, 1846, in the 
 " Peggy Bann" tavern, in the village of Youngsburg. The 
 first officers were John Turner, Noble Grand; William 
 Rudolph, Vice Grand; Thomas Martin, Sec; James 
 Jackson, Asst. Sec. ; John Marsh, Treas. At the 
 meeting of institution 14 persons joined the lodge, and 
 since then over 500 have been added to the list of members. 
 Among those who have taken an active part in the affairs 
 of the lodge are Thomas Martin, John Marsh, Richard 
 Hampton, Dr. R. L. McClellan, J. D. Vallentine, J. B. 
 Smithson, John A. Maitland, Samuel Greenwood, M. C. 
 Walker, Robert Fairlamb, John Dyson, William J. Kauff- 
 man, and Hugh Kenworthy. The lodge has a present 
 membership of 102, and $5500 invested. The present 
 officers are E. Plumer Gilfillan, N. G. ; Benjamin F. Yeo- 
 man, V. G. ; John T. Gay, Sec; Thomas Peace, Asst. 
 Sec ; Hugh Kenworthy, Treas. ; Samuel Greenwood, Rep. 
 to Grand Lodge. 
 
 PHOENIX LODGE, No. 212, 
 
 meets at Phoenixville ; charter granted Dec. 21, 1846, and 
 lodge instituted Jan. 27, 1847, with following officers: 
 Nathan B. Broomall, N. G. ; Samuel Kreamer, V. G. ; 
 Aquilla Robinson, See. ; and Nathan T. MacVeagh, Treas. 
 Has a membership of 145, and $5300 invested. The 
 present officers are James Murray, N. G. ; William Boyd, 
 V. G. ; Samuel Elder, A. S. ; John R. Dobson, Sec ; D. 
 
 W. Brown, Treas. ; and John W. Batt, Rep. to Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 PAOLI LODGE, No. 290, 
 
 located at Howeltown, Chester Valley, meets over Beitler's 
 store. Has a membership of 70, and an invested fund of 
 $1850, The present officers arc John F. Roberts, N. G. ; 
 C. Elwood Gill, V. G. ; Sylvester Tyson, A. S. ; Eugene 
 Rapp, Sec. ; George Jacobs, Jr., Treas. ; and Edward Pa- 
 vitt, Rep. to Grand Lodge. 
 
 POCAHONTAS LODGE, No. 316, 
 located at West Chester, was instituted June 19, 1848, 
 with the following officers : Dr. Ellwood P. Worrall, N. G. ; 
 Henry P. McClellan, V. G. ; John Hodgson, Sec. ; Freder- 
 ick Walters, A. S. ; and George F. Worrall, Treas. In 
 1871 the lodge purchased Cabinet Hall, on Church Street, 
 and remodeled the building, in the third story of which 
 the lodge meets weekly on Thursday evenings. April 21, 
 1872, the lodge-room was dedicated by the Grand Lodge 
 officers. Since its organization 425 persons have joined 
 the lodge, which has a present membership of 129. The 
 officers of the lodge now are James Stark, N. G. ; Henry 
 C. Reagan, V. G. ; William W. Heed, Sec. ; Horace G. 
 Branson, A. S. ; and A. Wanger, Treas. and Rep. to 
 Grand Lodge. 
 
 FAIEVIEW LODGE, No. 324, 
 is located at Oxford; was instituted July 31, 1848, at 
 Mount Vernon. The first officers were Thomas S. 
 Dickey, N. G. ; John McClurg, V. G.; Milton Wicker- 
 sham, Sec. ; George G. Wilson, A. S. ; and Samuel N. 
 Turner, Treas. Has a membership of 54. The present 
 officers are James W. Brown, N. G. ; William K. Rum- 
 sey, V. G. ; John M. Moore, Sec. ; Charles Pickering, 
 Treas. ; and D. L. McDonald, Rep. to Grand Lodge. 
 
 BANNER LODGE, No. 359, 
 meets in New London village ; was instituted April 1 6, 
 1849. The first officers were Joshua S. Gatchell, N. G. ; 
 Horatio A. Pesson, V. G. ; William C. Henderson, Sec. ; 
 Wallace A. Null, A. S. ; David R. Thomas, Treas. The 
 lodge erected a story over the Methodist church in the vil- 
 lage of New London, and under a lease are the owners of 
 that part of the building. Has a present membership of 
 164, and $2000 invested as a relief fund. The present 
 officers are William V. Walker, N. G. ; Amos G. Scott, 
 V. G. ; William W. Miller, Sec. ; Asa S. White, A. Sec ; 
 Amos Williamson, Treas. ; and Thomas N. Lissett, Rep. 
 to Grand Lodge. 
 
 PUGHTOWN LODGE, No. 363, 
 is located in the village of Pughtown ; was instituted May 
 28, 1849. The first officers were David Gow, N. G. ; 
 George Rea, V. G. ; George W. Brown, Sec; John 
 Reagan, A. S. ; Henry Diffendarfer, Treas. The charter 
 members were David Gow, George Rea, John Reagan, 
 Henry Diffendarfer, Isaiah Guest, David Stubblebine, and 
 Jacob Bertolett. 
 
 The present membership is 59 ; funds invested, $800. 
 The present officers arc Herman B. Hughes, N. G. ; Samuel 
 B. Small, V. G. ; William H. Murray, Sec. ; Isaiah Guest, 
 Tieas. ; and Morgan Thomas, Rep. to Grand Lodge. 
 
INDEPENDENT OEDER OF ODD-FELLOWS. 
 
 399 
 
 OCTOKAEA LODGE, No. 370, 
 is located in the borough of Atglen. It was instituted 
 Aug. 20, 1849. The first officers wore James Reese, N. G. ; 
 William Welch, V. Gr. ; John Morgan, Sec. ; Robert A. 
 Johnson, A. S. ; and Charles S. Valentine, Treas. 
 
 The present membership is 77 ; has invested $6400. 
 The present officers are J. P. Knight, N. G. ; B. F. John- 
 son, V. G. ; Charles llecse, Sec. ; George Ferree, A. S. ; 
 
 I. T. Wilde, Treas. ; and A. F. Wilkinson, Rep. to Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 There also meets in the Odd-Fellows' lodge-room at 
 Atglen '' William Pitt Encampment, No. 104," which was 
 instituted Jan. 13, 1851. The first officers were Caleb 
 
 II. Kinnard, C. P. ; A. M. Rambo, H. P. ; Joshua L. 
 Pjle, S. W. ; Joseph Arthurs, J. W. ; Marshall Altemus, 
 Sec. ; G. Y. Wilson, Treas. ; David Bechtel, Guard. 
 
 CHATHAM LODGE, No. 384, 
 
 located in Chatham village, was instituted Jan. 21, 1850. 
 The first officers were George L. Collins, N. G. ; George 
 Y. Wilson, V. G.; Marshall Altemus, Sec. ; David Bech- 
 tel, Asst. Sec. ; George W. lliff, Treas. Has a present 
 membership of 40, and an invested fund of $3300. The 
 present officers are C. C. Speakman, N. G. ; H. W. Kin- 
 sey, V. G. ; Saml. W. Speakman, Sec. ; Jesse K. Reynolds, 
 Asst. Sec. ; and J. C. Pontzler, Treas. and Rep. to Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 BEANDYWINE LODGE, No. 388, 
 
 is located at Downingtown. The present officers are James 
 McClintock, N. G. ; John W. Daller, V. G. ; William 
 McClintock, Sec. ; Samuel Black, Treas. ; and J. T. Car- 
 penter, Rep. to Grand Lodge. 
 
 This lodge has a present membership of 80, and funds 
 invested to the amount of $2500. 
 
 PATTEESON LODGE, No. 394, 
 is located in the village of Sadsburyville ; it was insti- 
 tuted Feb. 9, 1850. There were 20 charter members, of 
 whom 4 still hold membership in the lodge. The present 
 membership is 50 ; has invested $1200. The present offi- 
 cers are James A. Orr, N. G. ; John Root, V. G. ; Wilson 
 E. Toland, Sec. ; William Armstrong, A. S. ; Eli Toland, 
 Treas. ; and William Armstrong, Rep. 
 
 EASTEEN STAE LODGE, No. 402, 
 located in the village of Unionville, was instituted May 7, 
 1850. The first officers were William S. Collier, N. G. ; 
 Dr. Charles L. Seal, V. G. ; James Smith, Sec. ; C. Mar- 
 shall Ingram, Asst. Sec. ; and Richard A. Marshall, Treas. 
 The lodge has a present membership of 85, and funds in- 
 vested for relief of its members, |2500. . The present 
 officers are William Wickersham, N. G. ; Thomas C. 
 Gawthrop, V. G. ; George W. Love, Sec. ; I. Milton 
 Smith, Asst. Sec. ; James Smith, Treas. ; and William 
 Wickersham, Rep. to Grand Lodge. 
 
 SOCIAL FEIENDS' LODGE, No. 404, 
 located in the village of Honeybrook, was instituted April 
 9, 1850. First officers : William Wilson, N. G. ; William 
 J. Gault, V. G. ; Albert Evans, Sec. ; Ezra Coates, Asst. 
 Sec. ; Madison Irwin, Treas. Has a present membership 
 
 of 75, and fund invested, $2500. The present officers are 
 James McElhaney, N. G. ; Ezra Coates, Sec. ; William 
 Lewis, Asst. Sec. ; and John Keppel, Treas. 
 
 IVANIIOB LODGE, No. 432, 
 located in the village of Sugartown, was instituted June 7, 
 1851, with the following officers: Nathan Garrett, N. G. ; 
 Archimedes Robb, V. G. ; Sharple.ss Worrall, Sec. ; Davis 
 B. Cochran, Asst. Sec. ; George Kirk, Treas. Has a present 
 membership of 67, and an invested fund of $3000. The 
 officers now are I. E. Dutton, N. G. ; Matthew Rambo, 
 V. G. ; K. W. Rogers, Sec. ; John G. Steele, Asst. Sec. ; 
 Sharpless AVorrall, Treas. 
 
 HEBEON LODGE, No. 437, 
 is located in Cochranville, and meets every Saturday even- 
 ing in the Cochranville Hall. It was constituted July 8, 
 1851. The petitioners for the charter were William 
 Rhoades, Henry Burt, John Henniss, Joseph Gilmer, Past 
 Grand Robert L. McClellan, Samuel Freeland, David F. 
 Welch, Past Grand Andrew J. Gibson, James M. Reece, Wil- 
 liam Welch, James B. Gibson, David Bicking, Edward Bick- 
 ing, John Allen, John Gilfillan, George W. Ilifi', James A. 
 Kendall, Jeremiah Walton, Past Grand H. A. Hesson, B- 
 W. Horton, William H. McBride, John B. Snead, and 
 William Stone. June 10, 1851, the charter was granted. 
 The following were the first officers, viz. : Henry Burt, N. 
 G. ; John Gilfillan, V. G. ; Joseph Gilmar, Sec. ; P. G. 
 Robert L. McClellan, Asst; Sec. ; and H. A. Hesson, 
 Treas. The present officers are Edwin D. Robinson, N. G. ; 
 Benjamin H. Holton, V. G. ; Thomas Martin, Sec. ; John 
 S. Pennock, Asst. Sec. ; and Robert L. McClellan, Treas. 
 It reports 87 members, and $7584.48 as invested and in 
 its treasury. 
 
 PILGEIM'S LODGE, No. 455, 
 located in the village of Lionville, was instituted Sept. 11, 
 1851, with the following officers : Thomas L. Savin, N. G. ; 
 Jacob Acker, V. G. ; Charles F. Brown, Sec. ; George C. 
 Stiteler, Asst. Sec. ; Oliver D. Brownback, Treas. It has 
 a present membership of 72, and fund invested, $5000. 
 The present officers are H. S. Lightfoot, N. G. ; Daniel 
 Keeley, V. G. ; Joseph J. Morris, Sec. ; John W. Tem- 
 ple, Treas. 
 
 VALLEY FOEGE LODGE, No. 469, 
 
 located in the village of Valley Forge, was instituted May 
 13, 1875, with the following officers : M. W. Thomas, N. G. ; 
 J. Walker Williams, V. G. ; Isaac W. Smith, Sec. ; Jones 
 V. Bean, Asst. Sec. ; B. Frank Williams, Treas. It has a 
 present membership of 39, and funds invested of $500. 
 The present officers are Alexander Laughlin, N. G. ; John 
 L. Hartenstine, V. G. ; J. C. Raudenbush, Asst. Sec. ; B. 
 R. Thomas, Sec. ; J. W. Smith, Treas. ; and Isaac J. 
 Nichols, Rep. to Grand Lodge. 
 
 ACADEMY LODGE, No. 502, 
 located at Frazer, was instituted on Feb. 20, 1854, by D. D. 
 G. M. Dr. William D. Hartman, with the following officers: 
 Crumwell Pearee, N. G. ; Francis S. Fiss, V. G. ; Joseph 
 H. Black, Sec. ; Jesse M. Hippel, Asst. Sec. ; and John 
 Pearee, Treas. The present membership is 47, and funds 
 invested, $2000. The present officers are J. B. Wolf, N. G. ; 
 
400 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Hugh Dean, V. G. ; W. C. Thompson, Sec; Edward 
 Hoppy, Asst. Sec. ; Francis S. Fiss, Treas. 
 
 VINCENT LODGE, No. 762, 
 located in the village of Spring City, was instituted April 
 21, 1871, with the following oflScers : A. Taney, N. G. ; 
 Lewis Roberts, V. G. ; and John E. Lewis, Sec. The 
 present officers are William Seaser, N. G. ; John Gilbert, 
 V. G. ; F. William Goshow, Sec; E. B. Emery, Asst. 
 Sec. ; Samuel Dismer, Treas. ; and H. S. Stoll, Eep. to 
 Grand Lodge. Present membership, 32. 
 
 MIZPAH LODGE, No. 764, 
 located in the village of Glenmore, was instituted May 1, 
 1871, with the following officers: Samuel Evans, N. G. ; 
 Joseph E. Grubb, V. G. ; William H. H. Yocum, Sec. ; 
 James L. Johnson, Asst. Sec. ; John Wilson, Treas. It 
 has a present membership of 32. The present officers are 
 William Yost, N. G. ; Daniel G. Hughes, V. G. ; George 
 W. Crow, Sec. ; Cyrus F. Krauser, M.D., Asst. Sec. ; 
 Samuel Evans, Treas. 
 
 UPPER BIRMINGHAM LODGE, No. 940, 
 located at Dilworthtown, has a present membership of 58, 
 and funds invested to the amount of $800. The present 
 officers are Joseph P. Paddis, N. G. ; David Johnson, 
 V. G. ; Alfred Mancil, Sec ; Joseph E. Barnett, A. S. ; 
 William Barnett, Treas. ; and James A. Kirkpatrick, Rep. 
 to Grand Lodge. 
 
 PATRONS OP HUSBANDEY. 
 PIONEER GRANGE, No. 9. 
 The first grange organized in Chester County was " Pio- 
 neer Grange, No. 9," at West Grove, July 30, 1873. It 
 was the ninth in order of establishment in the State. The 
 charter contains the following names as applicants : 
 
 John I. Carter, Bllwood Conard, Westfield E. Jackson, William Pyle, 
 Joseph G. Moore, Thomas Gawthrop, Caleb C. Hood, T. Ellwood 
 Hood, Marcellils Cook, Theodore Whitson, Lewis Baker, Jesse 
 Haines, Mifflin Brosius, Francis M. Pyle, Carrie R. Carter, Eliza 
 Whitson, Sarah Moore, Esther Cook, Mary E. Hood. 
 
 About fifty persons have been enrolled in this grange, 
 including some of the most prominent citizens in the com- 
 munity. John I. Carter, Westfield E. Jackson, Marcellus 
 Cook, and Jesse Haines have served as its Masters and Past 
 Masters. 
 
 Since the above was organized about twenty-three subor- 
 dinate and one Pomona or district grange have been insti- 
 tuted in the county. Following is an account of those that 
 still exist as reported, all of which arc holding interesting 
 meetings, and some adding to their membership : 
 
 KENNET, No. 19, 
 
 was organized Sept. 11, 1873, with the following charter 
 members : 
 
 Solomon Mercer, Marshall Hannum, Thomas S. Marshall, Mark J. 
 Cox, Isaac P. McEarlan, Thompson Richards, Edward Walter, 
 Sara Walter, Joseph S. Qnarll, Wilmer Plankerton, Isaac Weth- 
 erill, Rachel Wetherill, William W. Parker, John Richards, Rob- 
 ert L. Walter, William H. Walter, Cyrus Jackson, Annie Jackson, 
 and Ellen R. Pyle. 
 
 Officers. — Master, Charles C. Well ; Overseer, Enos P. 
 Barnard; Lecturer, Augustus Brosius; Steward, E. Sum- 
 
 ner Pyle; Assistant Steward, Joseph J. Kester; Chaplain, 
 Ellen R. Pyle ; Treasurer, William Agnew ; Secretary, 
 Addie Way; G. K., J. Walter Parker; Ceres, Mabel P. 
 Way ; Pomona, Lizzie P. Webb ; Flora, Rebecca Parker, 
 and L. A. S., Maggie Steele. 
 
 Past Masters, William W. Parker, Edward Walter, 
 Isaac Wetherill, Cyrus Jackson, and Edward T. Harlan. 
 
 Number of members, 53. 
 
 SCHUYLKILL, No. 23, 
 was organized Sept. 15, 1873, with the following charter 
 members : 
 
 Peter Acker, Mattie Acker, John H. Loucks, Emma B. Louoks, Felix 
 F. Highlcy, Susan K. Highley, William H. John, Kate John, 
 Anthony P. llighter, Lindley D. Righter, Emeline Righter, Jef- 
 fery John, Mary J. John, Elijah Steward, Thomas Lukens, E. W. 
 Anderson, M. J. Pennypacker, Daniel H. Johnston, Edwin M. 
 Suplee, Elizabeth B. Supleo, William Stephens, Mary J. Stephens, 
 Thomas P. Walker, William Zimmerman, and Elizabeth Zimmer- 
 man. 
 
 Officers. — Master, E. W. Anderson ; Overseer, L. D. 
 Righter ; Lecturer, Rachel White ; Steward, Henry A. 
 Groff; Assistant Steward, E. E. Vanderslice ; Chaplain, 
 Emma B. Loucks ; Treasurer, A. P. Righter ; Secretary, 
 William C. Dyer ; G. K., C. Steward ; Ceres, Lizzie K. 
 Dyer ; Pomona, Mary J. Roberts ; Flora, Lide A. Steward, 
 and L. A. S., Mary J. Stephens. 
 
 Past Masters, John H. Loucks, William Zimmerman, 
 William Stephens, and B. F. Fisher. 
 
 Number of members, 52. 
 
 UPPER UWCIILAN, No. 53, 
 was organized Dec. 20, 1873. The names of the charter 
 members are 
 
 John Strickland, Robert Rooke, John Griffith, D. B. Evans, Daniel 
 Uenrich, William Mosteller, Isaac Smith, J. W. Moore, T. Ell- 
 wood Moore, A. J. Anderson, Frank Shaffer, A. M. F. Stitelor, 
 Clara V. Keeley, Mary R. Keeley, Clara V. MoWilliams, Lida M. 
 Evans, Sue H. Moore, and Elizabeth Milligan. 
 
 Officers. — Master, Charles C. Moore; Overseer, J. B. 
 Caldwell; Lecturer, A. Fetters; Steward, J. W. Moore; 
 Assistant Steward, F. J. Mnore; Chaplain, Alex. Carr ; 
 Treasurer, T. E. Moore ; Secretary, A. M. F. Stiteler ; G. 
 K., Leonard K. Moore. 
 
 Past Masters, J. B. Evans and J. B. Caldwell. 
 
 Number of members, 35. 
 
 BRANDYWINE, No. 60, 
 was organized Dec. 30, 1873. Its charter members are as 
 
 follows : 
 
 Townsend Walter, Mary A. Walter, Jesse J. Hickman, Isaac S. Coch- 
 ran, Frank Graff, Lavinia Graff, Sharpless A. Walter, Samuel M. 
 Walter, Mary A. Walter, Samuel C. Darlington, Wellington Hick- 
 man, Caleb M. Walter, Charles T. Walter, Oliver J. Strode, Jane 
 Strode, Samuel P. Baily, Benjamin Sharpless, B. Frank Cheevers, 
 Maggie Cheevers, and William Gibbons. 
 
 Oncers.— Master, William H. Dallet ; Overseer, John 
 C. Heed ; Lecturer, Ellen R. Walter ; Steward, Sharpless 
 A. Walter ; Assistant Steward, Abram S. Williams ; Chap- 
 lain, Emma H. Townsend; Treasurer, Edward Walter; 
 Secretary, Joseph G. Williams ; G. K., Henry Townsend ; 
 Ceres, Anna M. Dallett; Pomona, Sallie A. Williams; 
 Flora, Ellen Gibbons ; L. A. S., Lizzie Lynch. 
 
PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. 
 
 401 
 
 Past Masters, Townsend Walter, Henry Townsend, and 
 Joseph G. Williams. 
 
 Number of members, 65. 
 
 LONDONGKOVE, No. 63, 
 was organized Jan. 1, 1874, -with the following charter 
 members : 
 
 Warren K. Sheluiire, William Smitli, William II. Shelmiro, Reuben 
 II. Stubbs, Simeon G. Taggiirt, David 1'. Chambers, Sarah Shel- 
 mire, Lydia M. Staokhous, Emma L. Chandler, Elizabeth B. Edge, 
 Jushua Thompson, James W. Moore, William J. Pusoy, Lydia 
 Chambers, Maria Good, William Swayrie, Eli Thompson, Harvey 
 Staokhous, I. Frank Chandler, Thomas J. Edge, Robert Lewis, 
 Alice Staokhous, Hannah Stubbs, Mary A. Thompson, M. Bell 
 Baily, Samuel Baily, Elisha S. Baily, Annie L. Thompson, 
 Palmer Good, and John P. Sharploss. 
 
 Ojfficers. — Master, William Swayne; Secretary, James 
 W. Moore. 
 
 Past Masters, William Swayne, Marshall P. Yeatman, 
 and I. Frank Chandler. 
 
 Number of members, 24. 
 
 OXFORD, No. 67, 
 was organized Jan. 2, 1 874. Its charter members are 
 
 Joseph Smith, Agnes Smith, E. D. Murdagh, Mary J. Murdagh, J. 
 M. Cresson Dickey, George D. Hayes, Robert Russell, Susanna 
 Russell, J. Barclay Smith, Sue Smith, John R. Watkins, Lizzie 
 T. Watkins, John Russell, Joseph T. Reynolds, Pusey Coates, 
 Addie B. Coates, Alex. H. Ingram, Annie Ingram, James R. 
 Smith, J. G. B. Reburn, J. Ramsey Hayes, Edwin Armstrong, 
 Maggie Armstrong, John Wiley, Matilda B. Wiley, John E. 
 Brown, and Joseph Wiley. 
 
 Officers. — Master, E. D. Murdagh ; Overseer, M. J. 
 Wilson ; Lecturer, J. D. Andrews ; Steward, R. A. Bur- 
 nett ; Assistant Steward, James A. Crowl ; Chaplain, Jo- 
 seph Smith; Treasurer, John Wiley; Secretary, H. A. 
 Russell ; G. K., Joseph T. Reynolds ; Ceres, M. J. Mur- 
 dagh ; Pomona, Agnes Smith ; Flora, E. T. Crosby. 
 
 Past Masters, Joseph T. Reynolds, Edwin Armstrong, 
 Henry A. Russell, John Wiley, and James R. Crosby. 
 
 Number of members, 27. 
 
 CHESTER VALLEY, No. 77, 
 was organized Jan. 14. 1874, with the following-named 
 charter members : 
 
 G. W. Gnnklc, Devault Beaver, Christian Lapp, Robert Hughes, 
 Thomas Davis, Jacob L. Acker, Samuel H. Esler, Davis Lapp, 
 Charles A. Holland, John T. Harrar, George M. Kcnnard, Lewis 
 K. Gunkle, Mary B. Fetters, Elma E. Lapp, Annie G. Kennard, 
 Mary A. Hughes, Elizabeth Harrar, Louisa W. Gunkle, Sarah 
 M. Lapp, and Susan Acker. 
 
 Oj^cej-s.— Master, E. A. Holland ; Overseer, M. O'Donel ; 
 Lecturer, Mary B. Fetters ; Steward, W. M. Barker ; As- 
 sistant Steward, T. Davis; Chaplain, J. A. Fetters; Treas- 
 urer, Davis Lapp ; Secretary, Robert Hughes ; G. K., Wil- 
 liam Sullivan ; Ceres, Elma E. Lapp ; Pomona, Mary A. 
 Fetters; Flora, Ella M. Holland; L. A. S., Margaret C. 
 Gunkle. 
 
 Past Masters, G. W. Gunkle, Christian Lapp, S. Fetters, 
 Thomas Davis, S. H. Esler, William Sullivan, and Devault 
 Beaver. 
 
 Number of members, 41 . 
 
 RUSSBLLVILLE, No. 91, 
 was organized Jan. 31, 1874. Of this grange the follow- 
 ing are the charter members : 
 51 
 
 Samuel H. Brooniell, Mary E. Broomcll, W. Taylor Bicking, Kate 
 Bicking, Samuel B. Criswell, John Edwards, Ella Edwards, Jacob 
 Fox, Albert Hamill, Salone Ilamill, Sarah Kent, Samuel Lewis, 
 William MoConnell, Joseph Murdah, Joseph II. Miller, Marshall 
 Oitlip, Lydia Ortlip, Hugh Ross, George E. Ross, Hcnfy Rake- 
 straw, Jennie Rakestraw, Jackson Woodward, Henry C. Wood- 
 ward, Alban Walton, and Emma Walton. 
 
 Officers. — Master, William C. Wilson ; Secretary, Pusey 
 Coates. 
 
 Past Masters, Joseph H. Miller, William Wood, William 
 C. Wilson, J. Comly Brosius, and Samuel Coates. 
 
 Number of members, 66. 
 
 WILLISTOWN, No. 114, 
 
 was organized Feb. 17, 1874, with the following charter 
 members : 
 
 Amos Garrett, Anna M. Garrett, .Joshua L. Garrett, Caroline H. Gar- 
 rett, William Evans, Lydia T. Evans, Granville Williams, Lizzie 
 S. Williams, Jesse B. Davis, Lydia A. Davis, S. Ellwood Yarnall, 
 Elizabeth S. Yarnall, Benjamin Steward, l.ydia Steward, Robert 
 Maris, Margaret Maris, Joseph G. Bennett, and William Cox. 
 
 Officers. — Master, Jesse B. Davis ; Secretary, Anna M. 
 Garrett. 
 
 Past Masters, Amos Garrett, Granville Williams, and 
 Joshua L. Garrett. 
 
 Number of members, 71. 
 
 GOSHEN, No. 121, 
 was organized Feb. 21, 1874. Its Past Masters are S. R. 
 Downing, William Priest, and Charles W. Roberts. The 
 present oflScers are 
 
 Master, Henry H. Hoopcs; Overseer, 0. H. Smedley; Lecturer, Phebe 
 J. Singles; Steward, Jesse Williams; Assistant Steward, William 
 H. Pratt ; Chaplain, C. G. Singles ; Treasurer, John M. Pratt ; Sec- 
 retary, John M. Hicks; Gate-keeper, Matlaok Garret; Cere.«, Mary 
 Esler; Pomona, Mary K. Smedley ; Flora, Susan Williams; Lady 
 Assistant Steward, Anna M. Garrett. 
 
 Members on the roll, 39. 
 
 NEW LONDON, No. 123, 
 was organized Feb. 23, 1874. Charter members : 
 
 Jesse C. Dickey, Elijah Thompson, J. H. Hutchinson, G. Duffield 
 Armstrong, Taylor P. Brown, James W. Way, Robert H. Hodg- 
 son, James Miohener, James Pyott, Davis Spencer, Augustus 
 Yarnall, Levin S. Jennis, Joel P. Conard, William W. -Power, 
 Joseph M. Fulton, Samuel L. Martindale, William D. Eves, 
 William S. Gibson, James F. Montgomery, William Gawthrop, 
 Caleb S. James, Elizabeth Dickey, Hannah Thompson, Nancy D. 
 Hutchinson, Alice H. Brown, Emma B. Way, Maggie Hodgson, 
 Rachel Miohener, Mercy Pyott, Sarah Spencer, Mary J. Jennis, 
 Emarene Power, Mary B. Martindale, Elizabeth Gibson, Sarah 
 B. Gawthrop, Emily P. James. 
 
 The Past Masters have been R. H. Hodgson, James W. 
 Way, Samuel L. Martindale, T. B. Brown, and Augustus 
 Yarnall. 
 
 The following are the present oflBcers: Master, B. F. 
 Myers ; Overseer, Elijah Thompson ; Lecturer, Jennie 
 Huey ; Steward, Henry D. Strawbridge ; Assistant Steward, 
 George Smith ; Treasurer, Taylor P. Brown ; Secretary, 
 Augustus Yarnall ; Chaplain, Maggie Hodgson ; Gate- 
 keeper, James Eves ; Ceres, Ella Brown ; Pomona, Anna 
 Hodgson ; Flora, Sister Myers ; Lady Assistant Steward, 
 Allie Brown. 
 
 Present number of members, 43. 
 
402 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 LINCOLN, No. 130, 
 was organized Feb. 24, 1874. Its charter members are 
 
 Joseph H. Kent, F. Diirlington, Henry Cope, Josiah Cope, Joho Pontz- 
 ler, William Stinson, William F. Fillis, Williiim H. Way, G. W. 
 Floyd, Elizabeth Davis, Sarah Nice, John S. D.anoe, Joel Dance, 
 James Davis, Isaac B. Davis, John L. Nice, Edwin Bushong, 
 James D. Kussell, Joseph D. Hodgson, Sarah M. Way, A. P. 
 Fillis, and Emma Bushong. 
 
 The principal present officers are as follows : Master, 
 William H. Way ; Overseer, John R. Strickland ; Treas- 
 urer, William Stinson ; Secretary, Mary J. Darlington. 
 The Past Masters are Joseph H. Kent and Joseph Gal- 
 lagher. Number of members, 26. 
 
 FRANKLIN, No. 141, 
 
 was organized March 2, 1874, with the following charter 
 members : 
 
 Thomas Mercer, Maggie Mercer, Joseph G. West, Ella M. West, Wil- 
 liam S. Huston, S. J. Huston, Cornelius C. Hallowcl), Annie P. 
 Hallowell, Darlington Cope, A. D. Cope, George Wood, Jesse 
 Spencer, Margaretta Spencer, William S. Kennady, J. E. Ken- 
 nady. Smith P. Gillingham, Maggie P. Gillingham, H. C. Green- 
 field, Maggie P. Greenfield, William A. Hall, Lizzie P. Hall, An- 
 drew J. Mearns, W. D. Armstrong Mackey, Samuel Kimble, Sr., 
 Thomas Whann, Jr., Kiohard Wigfall, Crosby Pyle, James 
 Brown, Samuel Cann, and Joseph Good. 
 
 Present Officers. — Master, James K. Taylor ; Overseer, 
 William Springer; Lecturer, Margaret A. Mercer; Stew- 
 ard, William Springer ; Assistant Steward, Alfred Sharp- 
 less ; Chaplain, Jesse Spencer ; Treasurer, Thomas Mercer ; 
 Secretary, Septimus E. Nivin ; Gate-keeper, Thomas B. 
 Hoopes ; Ceres, Minnie L. Spencer ; Pomona, M. E. 
 Mercer ; Flora, M. B. Conard ; Lady Asst. Steward, D. J. 
 Springer. The Past Masters are J. G. West, S. E. Nivin, 
 Thomas Mercer, Thomas B. Hoopes. Number of mem- 
 bers, 23. 
 
 LEWISVILLE, No. 180, 
 
 was organized March 28, 1874. The charter members are 
 
 Charles Ramsey, John Tweed, Jr., John M. Pitt, George J. Mackey, 
 Chandler Taylor, John B. Mackey, John W. Dougherty, John 
 Kerr, David Mackey, William Wright, Samuel Hall, Philip 
 Dougherty, David Pitt, S. AV. Morrison, Thomas Stern, Arthur 
 E. Pitt, Annie Ramsey, Emily J. Pitt, Jane Mackey, Margaret 
 y. Kerr, Fannie Taylor, Lydia Pitt, Harriet Dougherty, Mary 
 J. Mackey, Mary Dougherty, Lottie P. Mackey, Mary E. Stern, 
 and Sarah A. Pitt. 
 
 The principal officers at present (1881) are : Master, 
 J. W. Dougherty ; Overseer, J. B. Mackey ; Treasurer, 
 A. E. Pitt ; Secretary, William Wright. The Past Mas- 
 ters arc J. W. Dougherty, S. W. Morrison, and J. B. 
 Mackey. Number of members, 18. 
 
 EAST LYNN, No. 271, 
 was organized May 27, 1874. Its first or charter mem- 
 bers were 
 
 James Smith, John F. Alexander, John M. Windle, Goodwin Chal- 
 fant, Joshua Wickersham, Joshua Pugh, William McFarlan, John 
 Swayne, Job Hayes, Charles H. Swayne, Levi Conner, William 
 Webb, Joshua Pierce, Maris C. McFarlan, William P. Swayne, 
 Gideon Wickersham, Stephen H. Jackson, Joseph W. Passmore 
 D. Todd Jones, Rebecca J. Windle, Ida Chalfiint, Amy Wicker- 
 sham, Elizabeth McFarlan, Sarah S. Hayea, Mary E. Swayne, 
 Phojbe Webb, Elizabeth Pierce, Mary H. McFarlan, Josephine 
 B. Swayne, and Elizabeth Jones. 
 
 The present officers are: Master, Goodwin Chalfant ; 
 Overseer, Stephen H. Jackson ; Lecturer, John Swayne ; 
 Steward, John M. Pierce; Assistant Steward, Edwin 
 Palmer ; Chaplain, Joshua Wickersham ; Treasurer, Gideon 
 Wickersham ; Secretary, Baker M. Gray ; G. K., Nathan 
 H. Pierce ; Ceres, Jane Lamborn ; Pomona, Mary McFar- 
 lan ; Flora, Rebecca H. Gray ; L. A. S., Laura G. Pierce. 
 
 Past Masters are James Smith, John T. Alexander, 
 William P. Swayne, Baker M. Gray, Jesse Taylor, and 
 Nathan H. Pierce. Number of members, 39. 
 
 POMONA, No. 3, DISTRICT GRANGE, 
 
 was organized June 3, 1875, with the following charter 
 
 members : 
 
 Samuel R. Downing, Mary E. Downing, William W. Parker, Anna M. 
 Parker, S. L. Martindale, M. E. Martindale, Townsend Walter, 
 Mary A. Walter, Septimus E. Nivin, Warren R. Shelmire, Joseph 
 H. Kent, Henry Townsend, Emma H. Townsend, Ellis P.Wood, 
 John Ellis, Amos Garrett, Anna M. Garrett, Christian Lapp, and 
 Elma E. Lapp. 
 
 Present Officers. — Master, Septimus JE. Nivin ; Over- 
 seer, Isaac Wetherill ; Lecturer, M. J. Pennypacker ; 
 Steward, John Kaye ; Assistant Steward, Harman C. Bond ; 
 Chaplain, Elma E. Lapp ; Treasurer, Townsend Waiter ; 
 Secretary, Ellen R. Pyle ; Gate-keeper, William H. Dal- 
 lett ; Ceres, Anna M. Garrett ; Pomona, M. A. Peters ; 
 Flora, Mary E. Downing. 
 
 Past Masters, William W. Parker and Samuel R. Down- 
 ing. Number of members, 390. 
 
 PIONEEE TiCMPEEANCE SOCIETY. 
 The following letter from Dr. Ezra Michener, of New 
 Garden township, gives an account of the organization and 
 operations of what is believed to have been the first tem- 
 perance society in Chester County. 
 
 "THE GUARDIAN SOCIETY FOR PREVENTING DRUNK- 
 ENNESS. 
 
 " The history of Chester County would not be complete without a 
 brief notice of this first temperance society and first total abstinence 
 pledge. On looking round I find myself the only surviving active 
 member of the association. After its disbandment its records were 
 handed over to Dr. H. Gibbons, late of Wilmington, Del., who was 
 then publishing the Temjjcyaiice Advocate, and are not now accessible 
 to the writer. Those who have files of that paper will find copious 
 extracts from its proceedings. It is not now necessary, nor am I able 
 to furnish more than a few reminiscences of its labors. 
 
 " The first promoters of the society were Israel and William Jack- 
 son, Mahlon and Amos Preston, Joseph Wilson and myself; but 
 many and even distant friends of the temperance cause soon came to 
 the rescue. Among them I may mention Robert White, pastor of 
 Fagg's Manor, and Robert Graham, pastor of New London Church, 
 with a number of their peoples. 
 
 " The 'Guardian Society of Londongrove' was organized, I think, 
 in the year 1820, and continued its labors for several years. 
 
 " The more immediate purpose of the society was the prevention of 
 the nier/nl sale of liquors at vendues and on every public occasion, 
 which had become an intolerable evil; but the subject of general tem- 
 perance was not lost sight of. 
 
 " Among other measures, the society published a pamphlet of twenty 
 pages of extracts from an 'Expose of the Causes of Intemperate 
 Drinking,' by Judge Hirttell, late of New York, for gratuitous dis- 
 tribution. 
 
 "Wo had, of course, to encounter violent opposition, — often from 
 those who ought to have known and done better; indeed, it some- 
 times threatened mob violence. On one occasion, at a public sale, 
 one of our magistrates undertook to sustain the notorious Jane Crof son 
 after the committee had forbidden her to sell liquor, and only forbore 
 
HOESE COMPANIES.— FRIENDS' ASYLUM.— PAUPERISM. 
 
 403 
 
 when threatened with an arrept. Even the late Joseph Walter, of 
 Kennet, a noted auctioneer, had been so long acoustomod to making 
 sales to excited and drunken buyers as to fear that we would mate- 
 rially injure his business by stopping the sale of liquors. A few 
 trials, however, convinced him to the contrary, and ever ofler, when 
 he contracted for a sale, he cordially advised the advertiser to append 
 a notice that no liquor would be permitted to bo sold at the sale. 
 
 " An incident which occurred in the early period of the society pos- 
 sesses so much historical interest that I will give it more in detail. 
 Israel Jackson, Robert Graham, and the writer were appointed a busi- 
 ness committee. Buring one of our deliberations it Avas proposed 
 that if we expected to promote habits of temperance in others it was 
 necessary that we should first become temperate ourselves; we must 
 first wash our own hands, cleanse our sideboards and cupboards, and 
 resolve neither to drink intoxicating liquors ourselves or give them to 
 others to drink. This simple and obvious proposition was expected to 
 obtain the entire assent of the committee, but Robert Graham said 
 that while he could cordially pledge himself not to use the article, he 
 could not under the circumstances promise not to give it to others. 
 As the pastor of his church -he had numerous calls from his parish- 
 ioners, and it had become an immemorial usage to give them liquor 
 as a token of hospitality and esteem. If he should decline to do so 
 his motive would be misconstrued : he would be considered penurious, 
 stingy, offense would be taken, and he would lose his influence and 
 capacity for doing good to his people. This too common but fallacious 
 excuse brought the too hasty reply that we have come to a sad state 
 if a pastor must first make his people drunkards in order to save 
 their souls. But Robert Graham was ever true to his instincts. He 
 was a noble and excellent man, justly esteemed by all who knew him. 
 It must be remembered that this event occurred some si.xty years ago. 
 The subject was then new, unheard, and almost unthought of. It 
 only required a little time for reflection to bring him up to the true 
 temperance standard; yet how many ministers and high professors 
 are still standing where he stood more than half a century ago ! 
 
 "The Guardian Society was certainly the /r«« temperance organi- 
 zation ever formed in Pennsylvania, and probably in the United 
 States ; and I h.ave no doubt that the same is true of the projected 
 total abstinence pledye, 
 
 " A kindred and co-operative society was formed soon after at 
 Darby, Delaware Co., in which the late and well-remembered Halli- 
 day Jackson and Edward Garrigues were conspicuous workers. 
 
 " EZKA MiCHENEB." 
 
 HOESE COMPANIES. 
 Among the institutions of the county are a large number 
 of horse companies, as they are usually called, voluntary 
 associations, many of them chartered, for the detection of 
 horse-thieves and other offenders against the laws. Some 
 of them have been in existence for a considerable number 
 of years, and have rendered good service. 
 
 PEIENDS' ASYLUM. 
 
 This institution, for the benefit of the insane, located at 
 Frankford, Pa., was projected in the year 1813 by a num- 
 ber of Friends, principally of the city of Philadelphia. 
 
 At a meeting of the contributors, held in Philadelphia, 
 6th month, 1813, a constitution was adopted, from which 
 we quote the following : 
 
 "Article II.— Any Monthly Meeting belonging to the Yearly 
 Meeting of Friends held in Phil" contributing two hundred dollars, 
 and every individual subscribing ten dollars per annum, or fifty dol- 
 lars at one time, and being and continueing members of the Religious 
 Society of Friends, shall be considered members of this Association : 
 and a Monthly Meeting so Contributing shall have the right to appoint 
 an agent, who may appear and act at the Meetings of the Association 
 on their behalf." 
 
 The following data, taken from the report of the com- 
 mittee for collections, and from the treasurer's account for 
 the years 1813-14, will show the part taken by Friends in 
 this county in the affair : 
 
 Monthly 
 Meetings. 
 
 Agents. 
 
 Collective 
 
 Coutribu- 
 
 tiuus. 
 
 Indi- 
 viilual 
 Coiitrl- 
 butious. 
 
 Dona- 
 tiuxis. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Goshon 
 
 Jonas Preston.... 
 Thos. Viokers.... 
 
 Edw. Temple 
 
 Jos. Pennook.... 
 
 Enoch Lewis 
 
 Wm. F. Miller ... 
 
 Isaiah Kirk 
 
 Isaac l*ennock.... 
 Francis Wisely... 
 Edw. Garrigues.. 
 W. Trimble, Jr.* 
 
 $219.50 
 222.00 
 319.75 
 466.50 
 200.00 
 238.00 
 200.00 
 264.36 
 245.75 
 224.00 
 
 $400 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 '"so 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 400 
 
 $141 
 
 '"eo 
 
 43 
 
 $760.50 
 
 Bradford 
 
 272.00 
 
 
 419.75 
 
 Londongrove... 
 
 Now Garden 
 
 Sadsliury 
 
 TJwchlnn 
 
 566.50 
 200.00 
 288.00 
 300.00 
 
 Fallowfield 
 
 Chester 
 
 264.36 
 606.75 
 
 Darby 
 
 667.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Additional sums were received in the succeeding years. 
 Birmingham Monthly Meeting (established 1815) contrib- 
 uted $280, and was represented by Benjamin Sharpless as 
 an-ent in 1823. For this data we are indebted to John C. 
 Hall, the resident physician and superintendent of the 
 institution. 
 
 PAUPEKISM. 
 
 The care of the poor received attention at an early date 
 in our history, and overseers were appointed in each town- 
 ship, who had power to levy a tax upon the inhabitants for 
 their support. These overseers were two in number, and 
 were appointed annually on the 25th of March. There 
 were often disputes as to the legal residence of the persons 
 needing relief, and to define what constituted a residence 
 an act was passed May 31, 1718, which, among other things, 
 contained the following curious clauses : 
 
 " That every such Person as from the Twenty Fourth Day of June, 
 in this present Year One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighteen, 
 shall be upon the Collection, and Receive Relief of any County, City 
 Or Place, and the Wife and Children of any such Person cohabiting 
 in the same House (such Child only excepted as shall be by the Over- 
 seers of the Poor permitted to live at Home, in order to have the Care 
 of, and attend any impotent and helpless Parent) shall, upon the 
 Shoulder of the right Sleeve of the upper Garment of every such 
 Person, in an open and visible manner, wear such Badge or Mark as 
 is hereinafter mentioned and expressed. That is to say, a large Roman 
 (P) together with the first Letter of the Name of the County, City or 
 Place whereof such Person is an Inhabitant, cut either in red or blue 
 Cloth, as by the Overseers of the Poor it shall be directed or ap- 
 pointed. 
 
 " And if any such poor Person shall at any Time neglect or refuse 
 to wear such Badge or Mark as aforesaid, and in manner aforesaid, 
 it shall and may be lawful for any Justice of the Peace of the County, 
 City or Place where any such Oflenee shall be committed, upon Com- 
 plaint to him for that Purpose made, to punish every such Offender 
 for every such Offence, either by ordering of his or her Relief, or 
 usual Allowance on the Collection, to be abridged, suspended or with- 
 drawn; or otherwise by committing such Off'cnder to the House of 
 Correction there to be whipped and kept at hard Labour for any 
 Number of Days not exceeding Twenty-one, as to the said Justice 
 should seem meet." 
 
 The frequent disputes between the different townships 
 as to which was entitled to support certain paupers, and 
 the inconvenience of maintaining them in private families, 
 at length led to the establishment of an institution sup- 
 ported°by the whole county. Among the papers of our 
 court are filed numerous depositions of paupers, recounting 
 the various places at which they had lived, which were 
 taken to show their legal residence. 
 
 On the 27th of February, 1798, was passed " An Act to 
 
 * No amount given. 
 
404 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 provide for the erection of Houses for the employment and 
 support of the Poor in the Counties of Chester and Lan- 
 caster," and providing for the election of six directors, two 
 of whom should be retired annually, to be succeeded by 
 others. The commissioners appointed by this act to carry 
 it into execution in this county were Joshua Ashbridge, 
 Edward Darlington, Moses Marshall, Robert Miller, John 
 Davis, John Rinehart, James M. Gibbons, Samuel Carter, 
 and James Johnson. Edward Darlington was a prominent 
 and tflfieient member of this commission, and it is said that 
 on coming to the present site he put down his foot em- 
 phatically, and declared it to be the most suitable place 
 they could find. Prior to this, however, an election was 
 held, in October, 1798, by which six directors were elected 
 by the following votes : 
 
 Edward Darlington, .3971 ; Ephraim AVilson, 2901 ; Jo.»eph Cope, 
 2747; David Denny, 2617; William Trimble, 2490 ; Artliur Andrews, 
 2380. 
 
 These met at the court-house, November 5th, and by 
 lot divided into three classes, the first to serve one year, the 
 second two years, etc. On the next day they accompanied 
 the commissioners to several places, but came to no conclu- 
 sion. On the 21st, the commissioners having viewed 
 Stephen Harlan's place, in West Bradford, and five of them 
 having agreed upon it, Edward Darlington and Joseph 
 Cope were authorized to purchase it. The deed was dated 
 Dec. 10, 1798, and the price £3000 ; but Deborah Har- 
 lan, wife of Stephen, did not sign until March 1, 1799, 
 which she did upon receiving $30. The farm contained 
 325i acres, with an allowance of six per cent, for roads, as 
 was then usual, 20J acres of which lay in the township of 
 Newlin. The land is of good quality naturally, and its situa- 
 tion in the basin of the west branch of the Brandywine is 
 one of the most beautiful in the county. 
 
 Some estimates and plans were made and examined, but 
 nothing more done until March 2, 1799, when the direc- 
 tors visited the poor-house at Wilmington to get some 
 measurements. Joshua Weaver, who had been appointed 
 clerk to the board February 20th, prepared specifications. 
 The building was let to William Hawley, March 11th, at 
 $5925, and the contract signed on the 19th. Joseph Copeand 
 Ephraim Wilson were directed to lay out the site and have 
 charge till May court. December 17th it Was agreed to sell 
 a tan-yard and some land at the northwest part of the pro- 
 perty. This was offered at public sale Feb. 19, 1800, but 
 not sold. 
 
 March 3d, it was agreed that Cope, Wilson, and John 
 Marshall (a new director) should have care of di.«posing of 
 the farm for another year, agreeing with a superintendent, 
 etc. On the 18th they agreed with John Gibbons to super- 
 intend the poor for one year, to have $200, and be found in 
 board and washing, and to have a horse kept on the place ; 
 also with Caleb Townsend, to work the farm, board the 
 superintendent, with some privileges, for |380. 
 
 October 18th, at Isaac Webb"s ; present, Denny, Trimble, 
 Andrews, and Marshall ; 
 
 "and agreed to take in the Poor into the Poor House tlio ]2tb and 
 tliirteentli days of next montli, A sent notices as many as was conve- 
 nient to tlio different overseers to bring them in." 
 
 11,12, 1800, met at the poor-house, pursuant to adjourn- 
 ment ; present, Joseph Cope, David Denny, John Mar- 
 shall, Arthur Andrews, and Nathaniel Walker, and re- 
 ceived the poor from nineteen townships. N. Walker 
 went home in the evening. The other four remained the 
 next day, and received the poor from most of the other 
 townships ; also laid ofi^ a graveyard next to Joel Harlan's 
 line. 
 
 11, 19, met at West Chester, and agreed that three di- 
 rectors should meet at the poor-house once a month, — three 
 one month and the others the next, — to begin on the 
 " first Second-day" in next month. The numbers brought 
 in from the difierent townships were as follows : 
 
 Birmingham, 2; East Bradford, 2; West Bradford, 5; Brandy- 
 wine, 1 ; East Cain, 2 ;■ West Cain, 1 ; Coventry, 1 ; Charlestown, 1 ; 
 Easttown, 2; East Fallowfield, 1; West Fallowfield, 5; Goshen and 
 West Chester, 8 ; Honeybrook, 3 ; Kennet, 3 ; Londongrove, 3: Lon- 
 donderry, 5 ; East Marlborough, 7 ; West Marlborough, 4 ; Newlin, 
 1 ; New London, 2 ; New Garden, 6; East Nantmeal, 3 ; West Nant- 
 meal, 1 ; West Nottingham, 2 ; U. Uxford, 1 ; Pikeland, ] ; Sads- 
 bury, 2; Trcdyffrin, 3; Thornbury, 2; Uwchlan, 5; Vincent, 6; West- 
 town, 1; Willistown, 1; East Whiteland, 1. 
 
 The whole number was 94, of whom 1 was one hundred 
 and three, 1 ninety-eight, and 16 from eighty to eighty- 
 nine years of age. 
 
 In 1801 the tan-yard and 451 acres were sold to Joshua 
 Smith. 6, 1, 1801, Jacob Miller, a pauper, informs he has 
 a pension of £15 per annum; was in Fifth Regiment, John 
 Christie and Caleb North captains ; in 1779 entered In- 
 valid Regiment, Capt. John McGowan. William Hemp- 
 hill attended 5, 3, 1802, and was paid $80 for legal advice 
 for one year. 8, 2, 1802, Dr. Jacob Ehrenzeller attended 
 with his accounts, and recommended Dr. James Gibbons as 
 his successor. It is agreed to build a barn, the present one 
 not being large enough. Next day Moses Hickman's barn 
 viewed, but too small. Joseph Cope and Joshua Weaver 
 to prepare a plan. 9, 6, a plan produced for barn 100 by 
 40 feet. David Haines, carpenter, and Nathaniel Hoskins, 
 mason, attended to give information. 10, 4, Joseph Cope 
 and David Denny appointed to procure stuff and agree 
 with workmen to build a barn. In 1805, Francis Gard- 
 ner, Thomas Bodley, and Samuel Futhey were appointed 
 visitors by the court. In 1808, Joshua Weaver was di- 
 rected to procure a seal for the institution. The pay of 
 directors appears to be $20 per annum, and $1.50 per 
 day, with expenses, for extra services. In 1811 a hospital 
 was built, James Henderson, of Goshen, carpenter, Wil- 
 liam Quay, mason, and James Pyle, plasterer. In 1812 
 the treasurer is discontinued, and orders hereafter to be 
 drawn on the county treasurer. Joshua Weaver appointed 
 assistant steward. From this time the county treasurer 
 generally attended the meetings of the board until about 
 twenty years ago. Physicians were employed by the year, 
 as also legal counsel, at various sums for salary. In 1827, 
 Joshua Weaver died, having been clerk for twenty-nine 
 years. In 18(i8 it was concluded to divide the duties of a 
 steward and appoint a resident physician, to take charge 
 of the paupers and all parts of the ground and buildings 
 occupied by them. This arrangement lasted but one year, 
 but no regular minutes were kept from that time until 
 1879. The meetings of the board of directors arc now 
 
PAUPERISM. 
 
 405 
 
 semi-monthly, instead of moutlily, as they had been up to 
 18G8. 
 
 Among those brought to the institution when it was 
 first opened were Bryan McGittigan, aged eighty-six years, 
 and Samuel Thomas, aged eight months, both from East 
 Cain. The last named was found by the side of the turn- 
 pike, soon after birth, in March, 1800, and was given the 
 name of Samuel Thomas, but was better known through- 
 out the neighborhood in after-years as Sam Turnpike. 
 After more than fourscore years he again finds refu"e in 
 the home of his infancy. 
 
 From the historical notes of Joseph J. Lewis, Esq., pre- 
 pared in 1824, the following table of statistics is taken : 
 
 Years. 
 
 1799... 
 
 1800... 
 
 1801... 
 
 1802... 
 
 1803... 
 
 1804... 
 
 1805... 
 
 1806... 
 
 1807... 
 
 1808... 
 
 1809... 
 
 1810... 
 
 1811... 
 
 1812... 
 
 1813... 
 
 1814... 
 
 1815... 
 
 1816... 
 
 J8I7... 
 
 1818... 
 
 1819... 
 
 1820... 
 
 1821... 
 
 1822... 
 
 1823... 
 
 Males. FemaU-8. Total. 
 
 39 
 
 36 
 
 75 
 
 52 
 
 37 
 
 89 
 
 56 
 
 37 
 
 93 
 
 53 
 
 47 
 
 100 
 
 52 
 
 59 
 
 111 
 
 60 
 
 54 
 
 114 
 
 66 
 
 50 
 
 116 
 
 62 
 
 50 
 
 112 
 
 77 
 
 58 
 
 135 
 
 66 
 
 57 
 
 128 
 
 77 
 
 73 
 
 150 
 
 96 
 
 98 
 
 194 
 
 94 
 
 98 
 
 192 
 
 103 
 
 83 
 
 186 
 
 112 
 
 107 
 
 219 
 
 120 
 
 103 
 
 223 
 
 120 
 
 89 
 
 209 
 
 143 
 
 137 
 
 280 
 
 163 
 
 138 
 
 301 
 
 Expenditures. 
 $6853.32 
 
 9240.00 
 
 6984.31 
 
 4187.34 
 
 492.3.90 
 
 5760.32 
 
 3913.04 
 
 1306.62 
 
 4634.45 
 
 6152.44 
 
 5924 29 
 
 0776.70 
 
 5395.34 
 
 5666.18 
 
 6913.68 
 
 5062.49 
 
 5344.42 
 
 7400.72 
 
 8flo6..S4 
 
 8174.07 
 
 7603.82 
 
 8120.64 
 
 6364.74 
 
 7175.68 
 
 9414.60 
 
 The first house erected was of brick, about 40 by 100 
 feet in size, and stood until 1855, when it was succeeded 
 by the present structure. 
 
 The first steward was unmarried at the time he was ap- 
 pointed, and .his salary was less than in after-years, being 
 for the year 1806 $400. The stewards and matrons, with 
 their salaries, have been as follows : 
 
 1800.- 
 1807.- 
 1813.- 
 1815.- 
 1823.- 
 1830.- 
 1837.- 
 1841.- 
 1848- 
 1852.- 
 1863.- 
 1864.- 
 1866.- 
 1868.- 
 1868.- 
 1869.- 
 
 -John Gibbons (nnd wife, Sarab, later). 
 
 -Warwick Martin and wife, Ruth $400 
 
 -William Strickland and wife 300 
 
 -Ebenezer Speukman and wife, Lydia 300 
 
 -Gibbons Gray and wife, Martiia 365 
 
 -William Michener and wife, Kachel .' 350 
 
 -William H. Taylor and wife. Sarah 400 
 
 -Walker Yarnail and wife, Elizabeth 400 
 
 -Joseph Thompson and wife, Elizabeth S 400 
 
 -Thomas Baker and wife, Ann 
 
 -Wellington C. James and wife, Louisa D.. 
 
 -Abner Baldwin and wife, Phebc 
 
 -Joshua Wickersham and wife. Amy 
 
 -Joseph B. Clark and wife 
 
 ■Dr. William AV. Townscnd and wife.. 
 
 400 
 500 
 500 
 500 
 500 
 700 
 -Hayes Conner and wife, Elizabeth B 700 
 
 The following is a list of the directors, with the dates of 
 their election : 
 
 1798, Edward Darlington (one year), Ephraim Wilson (one year) Wil- 
 liam Trimble (two years), Arthur Andrews (two years), Joseph 
 Coope [now Cope] (three years), David Denny (three years); 1799, 
 Jno. Marshall, Ephraim Wilson; 1800, Arlhur Andrews, Nathaniel 
 Walker; 1801, Jcseph Coope, David Denny; 1802, Samuel String- 
 fellow, John Q. Parke; 1803, James John, Arthur Andrews; 1804, 
 Robert Lamborn, Philip Fisher; 1805, Joseph Pa.NSon, Jr., Samuel 
 Jones; 1806, Randal Malin, James Hayes; 1807, Jas. Smith, Isaac 
 Bmnett; 1808, Jos. Paxon, Jr., Samuel Jones; 1809, Joshua Tay- 
 lor, Jacob Neilor; 1810, Nathan Hayes, Amos Darlington; 1811, 
 Hugh Strickland; 1812, Richard Baker (died 4th month 14,1814), 
 Amos Darlington (appointed till election); 181.", Matthew Wil- 
 
 son; 1814, Joshua Peirce (u/ce Baker, dec'd), John Buffington; 
 1815, Joshua Peirce (of Pcnnsbury); 1816, John Marshall (of 
 Goshen); 1817, William Bennett; 1818, John Valentine; 1819, 
 Thomas Hickman, Jr.; 1820, David Hayes; 1821, John Hoopes, 
 Jr.; 1822, John Jiiuies; 1823, George Gregg; 1824, Jonathan 
 Worrall; 1825, William H. Taylor; 1826, John P. Hoopes; 1827, 
 Thomas Marshall; 1828, William H.Taylor; 1829, Philip Um- 
 sted; 1830, James AValker; 1831, Alexander Curry; 1832, Wil- 
 liam Tenipleton; 1833, Isaac Evans; 1834, Nathaniel P. Crosby; 
 1835, James Davis; 1836, James Powell; 1837, Abraham Ross; 
 1838, Nathan Dorian ; 1839, James. B. McFarlan ; 1840, Eminor 
 Seeds; 1841, Joseph Thompfon ; 1842, George B. Matlack; 1843, 
 Jacob Kulp; 1844, James Hayes; 1845, Job Hayes, Jr.; 1846, 
 Benjamin Haitman ; 1847, James Fleming; 1848, Jesse J.tmes ; 
 1849, John Zook ; 1850, Matthew S. Hamill; 1851, Marshall B. 
 Hickman; 1852, William Windle; 1853, Enoch Harlan; 1854, 
 Marshall B. Hickman; 1856, Cakb Harlan; 1856, John M. Kcl- 
 ton; 1857, John Davis; 1868, J.acob Edge; 1869, John M. Kel- 
 ton; 1860, Isaac Lewis; 1861, Caleb E. Chambers; 1862, John 
 M. Kelton; 1863, Levi Prizer; 186J, Samuel Wickersham (died 
 in his third year, Charles W. Roberts appointed July 16, 1867); 
 1865, Robert L. Walter; 1866, Samuel Butler; 1867, Charles W. 
 Roberts; 1868, Ilalliday Hoopes; 1869, Samuel Butler; 1870, 
 William H. Dallett; 1871, Bennett S. Walton; 1872, James Mc- 
 Farlan; 1873, William H. Dalktt; 1874, Bennett S. Walton; 
 1875, Thomas Millard ; 1876, William H. Dallett; 1877, Benni tt 
 S.Walton; 1878, Caleb Baldwin ; 1879, Thomas Millard; 1880, 
 Edwin James* (one year, vice Baldwin, resigned), Milton Conard 
 (three years). 
 
 The newly-elected directors took their seats in the board 
 at its first meeting after the election in October until 1854, 
 after which they went into oflice in February. 
 
 We will here give some extracts from an editorial in the 
 Daily Local News, of May, 1873 : 
 
 " The present board of directors are William H. Dallett, Bennet S. 
 Walton, and James B. McFarland, Esqs., with Hayes Conner, Esq., 
 as steward, and his estimable wife, Mrs. Elizabeth B. Conner, as 
 matron, and Dr. Hopkins, of Marsballton, as attending physician. 
 The main building is of brick, three stories high, about 140 feet long 
 and 54 feet deep, with two wings extending in the rear 57 feet by 40 
 feet wide. The different floors are divided into 63 rooms, large and 
 small, according to the purposes to which they are devoted, and a 
 deep, perfectly dry cellar runs under the whole. The wings are heated 
 by two large furnaces located in the cellar, the heat being admitted to 
 the various rooms by improved registers, which can be opened or closed 
 without entering the rooms. The water supply is one of the finest 
 features of the institution. It comes by a natural fall from a spring 
 located in the small hills back of the house, and delivers itself through 
 pipes at convenient points in every story. In the immediate vicinity 
 of the main building are smaller ones for the accommodation of the 
 colored men and women, and a large laundry and drying-bouse, where, 
 with the excellent arrangements provided, the largest washings can 
 be dried by steam in two or three hours. There is also a carpcnter- 
 and shoemaker shop, slaughter-house, wagon-house, with a large coru- 
 crib capacity, nnd a barn, which is an immense double-floor and 
 double-decker affair, whose dimensions have outgrown the recollec- 
 tion of the statisticians of the institution, as additions have been built 
 to it half a dozen times in the last fifty years, and it is now probably 
 the largest building of the kind in the county. 
 
 "We were shown over the building and introduced to all the points 
 of interest by the obliging steward. The first department visited was 
 that occupied by insane males. Of these the great majority are not 
 dangerous or troublesome, and are allowed to go at liberty during the 
 day, but there are a few who have to be kept in their cells, and one 
 was so violent that he had to be chained to the floor, while another 
 poor fellow kept up an unceasing meaningless dance in his bare feet 
 around his cell, accompanying it by a wordless song, interspersed by 
 unearthly yells, in which latter amusement he was ably assisted by 
 his neighbor of the chain. 
 
 " The hospitals are fine, large, well-lighted and ventilated rooms, 
 
 « Edwin James had served from March, 1880, by appointment, in 
 place of Caleb Baldwin, resigned. 
 
406 
 
 IIISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 whore the sick of the institution receive prompt care and cnreful 
 nursing. There are two, one for the men and another for the 
 women. There is also a large and comfortable two-story hospital fqr 
 contagious diseases, erected on the hill some distance back of the main 
 buildings. 
 
 " There is a school kept up for the benefit of the children of the 
 institution, which for the last five years has flourished under the able 
 manngenicnt of Miss R. E. Kinsey. Here wo found about twenty 
 bright, intelligent-looking children, from four to nine years old^ who 
 seemed very quiet and attentive. These scholars never get any older 
 here, for about this time they are adopted out, and leave the poor- 
 house to make their way in the world for good or ill. Miss Kinsey is 
 a patient, careful teacher in a particularly thankless situation, and is 
 deserving of sympathy in her effoits to impart to those forlorn little 
 waifs knowledge that may be useful in enabling them to avoid the 
 home of their youth. 
 
 " The insane and idiotic females have a department in the west wing. 
 Most of these are quiet and harmless. One is chained occasionally, 
 to keep her from running away, while another has a penchant for 
 beating the children, and has to be watched. One poor creature stood 
 outside in the yard, with one hand raised, as if to catch a fly, staring 
 at the black wall within a foot of her nose, and never spoke or moved 
 a muscle for hours. 
 
 " The care of the insane is the most arduous duty connected with 
 the institution. Many of them are utterly helpless, without any in- 
 stinct of order or cleanliness, and have to bo waited on like children, 
 yet their cells and garments are kept clean and fresh, and they are 
 made in all things as comfortable as their situations will admit. 
 
 " In the sewing-room we found a number of women making up 
 clothing for the inmates, directed by an employed seamstress. In the 
 tailor-shops some men were at work on clothing for the male inmates, 
 and the shoemaker-shop keeps up the supply of foot-coverino's. One 
 room is set apart for the use of the physician, and is supplied with a 
 plentiful stock of drugs and medicines. Another room is filled with 
 the stock of dry goods required, and yet another by stores of grocer- 
 ies and other articles necessary to domestic economy. 
 
 " The main kitchen is supplied with a large range and coffee-boiler, 
 capable of turning out cooked provisions for the family of from two to 
 three hundred that come daily to the long tables in the dining-rooms. 
 There are smaller kitchens where the cooking is done for the hospitals 
 and the children, which latter have a dining-room to themselves. In 
 the cellar is a bake-house, with an oven of large capacity that turns 
 out bread and pies by wholesale. We examined the bread and found 
 it of the best quality,— as good as comes upon any table in the land. 
 An employed baker has charge of this department, and everything is 
 clean and neat about it. 
 
 " In difi'erent parts of the building are sitting-rooms, where the in- 
 mates can assemble for each other's society. That belonging to the 
 men is called ' Congress Hall,' and is doubtless the scene of grave 
 debates and the adjustment of knotty issues. It has the advan- 
 tage of better order than some other legislative halls, and does less 
 harm. 
 
 " The whole building and its surroundings is, if possible, clean tn a 
 fault. The floors are scrubbed until they are as white as the deck of 
 a man-of-war, and there is ... prevalent sense of fresh whitewash 
 everywhere. 
 
 " The farm, which is also superintended by Mr. Conner, is in a very 
 productive state, and yields a large percentage of the most import- 
 ant provisions for the house. This year there are about 35 acres in 
 wheat, 20 acres in oats, and a proportionate amount in corn; H acres 
 in potatoes, and i acres devoted to difTerent kinds of garden truck. 
 There is also a very fine giirden attached to the house, which is kept 
 up in beautiful style, and promises ample store of strawberries, peas, 
 Siilad, onions, and other choice lu.'juries. The stock consists of 6 
 horses, 4 yoke of oxen, 21 cows, 17 feeding steers, and 60 hogs. 
 
 " The work is done by the able-bodied inmates, assisted by three 
 hired men in summer and two in winter. On the property is a quarry 
 of limestone, where the men are employed in winter as much as pos- 
 sible, and get out large quantities of stone ready for burning in the 
 spring. This year the quarry and kiln is run on shares by Geo. W. 
 Conner, Esq., who expects to turn out about 40,000 bushels of lime 
 which is worth from 13 to 20 cents per bushel at the kiln. 
 
 " The whole number receiving support during the first quarter, 
 1873, was 366, of whom IJ6 were white male adults, 22 colored male 
 adults, 106 white female adults, 19 colored female adults, and 64 chil- 
 
 dren. Of the above number 19 are insane, 21 idiotic, 3 blind, and 1 
 deaf and dumb. The average number supported during first quarter 
 was 316.1. 
 
 "The oldest inmate of the almshouse is Ann Miles, who is now in 
 her eightieth year, and appears quite hearty. She was born in Down- 
 ingtown, and is the daughter of James and Ruth Place, who for fifteen 
 years lived in the teniint-house of Thomas Parker. She was m.irried 
 to Abram Miles, who, after some five or six years of married life, de- 
 serted her, and she became an inmate of the poor-house in 1815, under 
 the stewardship of Ebenezer Speakman, and has remained, with the 
 exception of short intervals, ever since. 
 
 ** In connection with what we have already said, we want to call 
 attention to a matter that should elicit the help of every citizen of the 
 county, and that is the need of a library at the poor-house. Some time 
 ago, through the exertions of a few philanthropic individuals, a few 
 books were collected, forming the nucleus of a library in the school- 
 room, and it is now very desirable to increase the collection so that it 
 may be useful to the whole institution." 
 
 CKIME AND PUNISHMENT. 
 
 The degree and kind of punishment inflicted upon crimi- 
 nals have varied very much at difi'erent periods. In very 
 eariy times the infliction of fines for ordinary ofi"enses was 
 generally resorted to. From 1714 to 1759 most of the 
 sentences embraced whipping as the chief or only item of 
 punishment for such ofibnses, and usually consisted of 
 " twenty-one lashes on the bare back well laid on." In some 
 instances the number of stripes was a few more or less. 
 Standing in the pillory was rarely adopted as a punishment 
 during this period, and imprisonment not at all. The 
 wearing of the Roman T ceased about the year 1720. 
 
 In 1715 occurred the murder of Jonathan Hayes, of 
 Chester County, by Hugh Pugh, millwright, and Lazarus 
 Thomas, laborer, also of the same county, who were imme- 
 diately apprehended and committed to the county jail. They 
 were not tried, however, until near the beginning of the 
 year 1718, when the Supreme Court was so constituted as 
 to hold a Court of Oyer and Terminer at Chester for their 
 trial. They were found guilty and sentenced to be executed. 
 May 8, 1718, the condemned petitioned the Governor for u 
 reprieve until the pleasure of His Majesty the King could 
 be known. They asserted three legal defects in their con- 
 viction : 1st, that all of the seventeen of the grand inquest 
 who found the bill of indictment, and eight of the petit 
 jury who found them guilty, were Quakers, and were only 
 qualified by an afiirmation ; 2d, that the act for the proper 
 qualification of judges, jury, and witnesses was passed after 
 the murder was supposed to have been committed ; and, 3d, 
 because said act was contrary to the laws and statutes of 
 Great Britain. The Governor, who had attended the trial 
 and was satisfied of its fairness, was so fully convinced of 
 their guilt that he rejected the petition, and in so doin"' was 
 sustained by a majority of his Council.* They were or- 
 dered to be executed on the 9th of May, 1718, as appears 
 from the following : 
 
 «■ " It appears from the discussion in Council that the condemned 
 'had for several years appeared at the head of a lawless Gano- of 
 Loose fellows, common disturbers of the public peace.' The crime 
 had been committed three years before the trial, during part of which 
 time the accused, being out on bail, behaved in the worst possible 
 manner. The appeal made to the Crown in this ease is perhaps the 
 only instance on record where any exception has been taken, by n 
 defendant tried for murder, to the presence of (Juakers on the jury." 
 — Di: Smith. 
 
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT. 
 
 407 
 
 "Chester ««. 
 
 . " To the Sheri/nfthe OouttUj of Cheater 
 [seal.] "Whereas Hugh Pugh & Liizarus Thomas have this Day 
 [seal.] before us at a Court of Oyer & Terminer & Goal Delivery 
 [seal.] held for the t* County been Convicted of the murder of One 
 [seal.] Jonathan Hayes & have received Sentance to be Hanged by 
 the neck untill they be Dead 
 "These are therefore in his majesties name by virtue of the Power 
 to us Granted by the Governours Comission Comand you that upon 
 Fryday the Ninth Day of May next betwixt the hours of Eight &, 
 Twelve in the forenoon of the same Day you Cause the s^ Sentance 
 to be put in Bxecuc&n, ffor which this shall be your Warrant. Given 
 under our Hands 4 Seals at Chester afores,* the Seventeeth day of 
 April In tho ffourth year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George 
 King of Great Britain Ac Annoq. Dom. 1718 
 
 " Da* Lloyd 
 "Jaspkh Ykates 
 "EicnAiiD Hill 
 " Will*" Trent" 
 
 Aug. 3, 1722, the Provincial Council had under consid- 
 eration the caee of AVilliani Hill, Maiy Woolvin, and Wil- 
 liam Battin, prisoners in Chester County jail, under sentence 
 of death ; and it was the advice of all the members present, 
 to which the Governor was pleased to agree, tiiat tlie said 
 William Hill and Mary Woolvin be reprieved for the space 
 of twelve months, in case no orders shall come from the 
 crown for the execution before the expiration of the said 
 term ; that the said William Battin, being convicted of 
 divers horrid complicated crimes, be executed and hung in 
 irons in the most public place at such time as the Governor 
 shall appoint, and that the warrant for the execution be 
 issued before the Governor set out for Albany. 
 
 Sept. 1, 1724, a bill of costs in the cases of Edward 
 Murphey and Elizabeth Murphey (£2 6s. &d. each), signed 
 by Robert Assheton, was allowed by the commissioners and 
 assessors. These were said to be capital cases. 
 
 In April, 1728, John Winter and Walter Winter killed 
 an Indian and two squaws in the upper part of Chester 
 County. Samuel Nutt, the iron-master, apprised the Gov- 
 ernor of the afiFair in the following letter : 
 
 "AlALANTOS, May llth, 1728. 
 
 " May it please the Governour : 
 
 "Just now I R"* the Disagreeable news, that one Walter Winter k 
 John Winter &o have Murdered one Indian Man & two Indian 
 Women without any Cause given by the e,^ Indians &, that the said 
 Winters have brought 2 girls (one of which is Cripled) to Geo. Boon's 
 to receive some Reward. I Desire the Governour may sec after it 
 before he goes Down; for most Certainly such actions will Create the 
 greatest antipathy betwixt the Severall nations of Indians & the 
 Christians. 
 
 "The bearer, John Petty, has heard the full Relation of this 
 matter; to whom I shall Refer the Governour for a more full account 
 & Remain the Governour's most hearty friend and Servant to Com- 
 mand. 
 
 "Sam" Nutt." 
 
 Warrants were issued for their arrest, and they were soon 
 after captured, and placed for security in the jail at Chester. 
 " They could give no better reason for their barbarity than 
 that there were reports of Indian depredations in the coun- 
 try, and they felt they were justifiable in killing any of the 
 natives with whom they might meet." In Pennsylvania 
 Archives, i. 218, may be found the statement of Walter 
 Winter, of Cucussea, county of Chester, in which he admits 
 of shooting the Indian man, and says, — 
 
 " John Winter at the same lime shott one of the Indian Women, 
 and then run up and knocked another Indian Woman's Brains out, 
 
 } 
 
 that two Indian girls run away. . . . That this Examinant with 
 Walter Winter and John Herbert took the Corpses of the two Indian 
 AVomen & hauled them out of the Road & covered them with some 
 leaves." ' 
 
 The Indian who was killed was an old man, called Toka 
 Collie, who was friendly to the colonists. The following 
 record of the trial is from the docket of the Supreme Court, 
 in the prothonotary's office at Media : 
 
 " Chester as. 
 
 "At a Court of Oyer & Terminer & Gaol Delivery held at Ches- 
 ter for 3« Counly of Chester the 19* day of June 1728. 
 "Before David Lt.ovD, 
 
 RicHD. Hill, J- Esqrs 
 
 Jeremiah Langhorne, 
 
 Dom. Rex. ■, Who were Indicted for murdering an Indian 
 
 a I Woman for which they weie arraigned, and 
 
 Jno. Winter A ( pleaded not (/iiilti/, and for their tryal put them- 
 
 Walter Winter J selves upon God & y" country, and the Petty Jury 
 
 being called, and appeared, to wit, Henry Hays, George Ashbridge, 
 
 William Home, Peter AVorrall, George Wood, Rich's Jones, Abraham 
 
 Lewis, Benjamin Clift, John Davis, Tho. Vernon, John Tomkins &, 
 
 Evan Howell, [who] upon their respective oath and affirmacon, do say 
 
 that the af* John Winter and Walter Winter are Guilty of y'' murder 
 
 af and must be hanged by the necks until they and each of them bo 
 
 dead." 
 
 Governor Gordon issued a warrant June 26, 1728, for 
 their execution, " for the murder of an Indian woman called 
 Quilee, otherwise Hannah: tho execution to take place 
 Wednesday, 3d of July." Morgan Herbert, who was con- 
 victed at the same time as an accessory to the crime, was 
 recommended by the Provincial Council (August 6th) to 
 the Governor, Patrick Gordon, for a reprieve; he was so 
 reprieved, and finally pardoned and released by the crown. 
 
 Eleanor Davis and John Thomas were barbarously mur- 
 dered, and Rachel James dangerously wounded, on Satur- 
 day, Aug. 1, 1752, at the dwelling-house of the first named, 
 in Tredyffrin, by three men who attempted to rob the 
 house, and for whose apprehension the Assembly offered 
 £150, and friends of the deceased £40. The murderers 
 were Bryan Doran, James Rice alias Dillon, and Thomas 
 Kelley. Rice and Kelley were soon after arrested, and tried 
 November 27th of that year, the latter pleading guilty. 
 They were convicted and sentenced to be hung. Rice was 
 executed Dec. 9, 1752, and Kelley one week later (the 
 16th), he having been respited in order to identify Bryan 
 Doran, who had been arrested in Maryland, but who proved 
 to be another person of the same name.* 
 
 Among other high crimes committed in Chester County 
 prior to the year 1789 may be named: 
 
 » J'enniyhaniu Gazette, Colonial Records, etc. Thomas Kelley, in 
 his confession, Oct. 4, 1 762, said, " That Bryan Doran told him there 
 was an old man, an old woman, and a young woman lived altogether 
 where he had been and drank good Cyder; that the old woman had a 
 great deal of money, he believed three or four hundred pounds, in the 
 ho'tse." Doran went to the house and asked for lodging, and at bed- 
 time stepped outside and coughed once as a signal that only the usual 
 inmates were in the house. The others, who had blacked their faces 
 with black earth, then went in with him, and Dillon, drawing his 
 hanger, said he was going to England and wanted some money, but 
 receivin" no answer, began to strike and stab, in which the others 
 joined with sticks. The inmates escaped at the doors, but were fol- 
 lowed and knocked down ; but (he old lady continuing to scream, the 
 robbers became alarmed and left without plundering the house. Steal- 
 in"' two horses they rode to the Lancaster pike, and kept it to the 
 White Horse. — {This partly frovi the examination nf Jumee Rice, Oat. 
 20, 1762.) 
 
408 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 1760, John Lewis, found guilty of the murder of his 
 wife, and sentenced to be hung. 
 
 1762, Abraham Johnson, slave of Humphry Marshall, 
 for murder of a negro man named Glascow, the slave of 
 Alexander Boyd. " Adjudged not guilty of murder but 
 of homicide se de/endo ; discharged paying costs and to 
 stand committed until paid." 
 
 1764, Phebe, slave of Joseph Richardson, convicted of 
 burglariously entering the house of Thomas Barnard and 
 stealing divers goods. Sentenced to be hung.* 
 
 1764, Jane Ewing, for murder of her bastard male child, 
 April 3, 1763, received sentence of death. " It being re- 
 ported to the Governor by the Justices of the Supreme 
 Court that she discovered on her trial no kind of remorse," 
 etc., and that her case was attended with aggravated cir- 
 cumstances, the Council advised the Governor to issue a 
 warrant for her execution on Saturday, Jan. 19, 1765. 
 
 1768, John Dowdle and Thomas Vaughan, for the mur- 
 der of Thomas Sharp, on March 31, 1768, in Chester 
 County, were hanged in the county jail, Sept. 17, 1768. 
 
 1770, Matthew McMahon was convicted June 11th of 
 felony and murder, committed on James McClester, laborer, 
 of Middletown township. He was ordered to be executed 
 June 30, 1770. 
 
 1770, Martin, slave of Thomas Smith, for an attempt at 
 rape on Anne Torton, was sentenced to 39 lashes, to be 
 branded with " 11" on his forehead, and be exported out of 
 the province within six months ; to be imprisoned till ex- 
 portation at master's charge and cost of prosecution. 
 
 1772, Dick, the slave of a mulatto, Dinah Jones, for an 
 attempt at rape on Margaret Keepers, was sentenced in 
 similar penalties as the last-named offender. 
 
 March 23, 1772, Patrick Kennedy, Thomas Fryer, Neal 
 McCarihor, and James Dever were respectively convicted 
 of a rape committed Nov. 30, 1771, on Jane Walker, in 
 Thornbury township, and each sentenced to death. Patrick 
 Kennedy was ordered to be executed May 2, 1772, but the 
 others were reprieved. 
 
 Late in the same year Henry Phillips, laborer, was con- 
 victed of the murder of Richard Kelley, and was ordered 
 to be executed December 26th. 
 
 Aug. 23, 1773, John Jones, found guilty of felony and 
 burglary, was sentenced to death, but the Governor subse- 
 quently commuted it to transportation, on condition of his 
 " never returning into the Province.'' 
 
 In the summer of 1775, James Willis was convicted of 
 felony and murder, committed on Daniel Culin. Ordered 
 to be hung Saturday, Sept. 30, 1775. 
 
 Sept. 10, 1775, John Faughnor, " late of Chester County, 
 peddler," was robbed and inhumanly murdered on the high- 
 
 * She was valued at £55, which amount Mr. Kichardson received 
 from the provincial treasurer. This was in accordance with the act 
 of March 6, 1725-6, which provided that negroes guilty of capital 
 crimes should be valued, and the valuation paid to the owner, who 
 otherwise might be induced to conceal the crime to save his property. 
 
 By an act passed in 1705 the trial of negroes guilty of capital 
 crimes was before a special tribunal, composed of two justices specially 
 commissioned for the purpose and six of the most substantial free- 
 holders of the neighborhood. This continued until 1770, or later, as in 
 that year (January 22d) William Parker and Kichard Riley, and (De- 
 cember 24th) John Morton and William Parker were commissioned for 
 the trial of negroes. 
 
 way near the Red Lion, in Uwohlan township. October 
 5th the Governor offered a reward of £50 for the appre- 
 hension, and commitment to some jail in the province, of 
 Fleming Elliott, charged with being the murderer. 
 
 In 1778, Benjamin Hammon was barbarously murdered 
 in Chester County. Henry Skyles was charged with the 
 crime, and Thomas Boyd, James Wilson, John Hastings, 
 and Charles Caldwell, all of Lancaster County, with being 
 accessories. March 24th, Thomas Wharton, Jr., president 
 of the commonwealth, by advice of the Supreme Executive 
 Council, offered a reward of £200 each for their apprehen- 
 sion and delivery to justice. 
 
 James Fitzpatrick, the notorious outlaw, was convicted 
 of burglary and larceny, for which he was executed Sept. 
 26, 1778. 
 
 In the fall of 1779, Jesse Jordan, of Chester County, 
 who a few weeks previous had commenced an action in law 
 against Gen. Benedict Arnold in the Philadelphia courts, 
 was murdered in Chester County. 
 
 In May, 1780, William Boyd, while in the discharge of 
 his duties as a tax-collector in Chester County, was mur- 
 dered by John and Robert Smith, also of the same county. 
 May 13th the president of the commonwealth (Joseph 
 Reed) offered a reward of $20,000 for their apprehension. 
 They were captured by David Furman, sheriff of Mon- 
 mouth Co., N. J., while en route to join the British army. 
 They were tried in Chester County June 26th, and exe- 
 cuted July 1st. 
 
 Oct. 26, 1784, the Supreme Executive Council ordered 
 a warrant to be issued to the sheriff of Chester County to 
 execute the sentence of the court on Tuesday, Nov. 2, 
 
 1784, upon Joseph Chalk, John McDonnell, and John 
 Varnuni, alias Benson, convicted in Chester County of 
 burglary. 
 
 Upon a similar warrant of the Council, dated Dec. 6, 
 
 1785, Elizabeth Wilson, convicted of murdering two female 
 bastard children, was ordered to be executed Jan. 3, 1786. 
 
 The execution of Robert Wilson (under sentence of 
 death in the Chester County jail for burglary) was deferred 
 by order of the Supreme Executive Council from Jan. 21 
 to Feb. 11, 1786; but February 7th the Council ordered 
 that he be pardoned, on condition, that " he transport him- 
 self beyond the seas, not to return to the United States.""}" 
 
 On June 5, 1786, the Supreme Executive Council or- 
 dered that John McDonough and Richard Shirtliffe, con- 
 victed severally of rape in Chester County, be executed on 
 Saturday, June 17, 1786, for which executions warrants 
 were issued to the sheriff of Chester County. But it was 
 further ordered that a reprieve be granted to Richard 
 Shirtliffe until the further order of the Council, which the 
 sheriff was directed not to make known to him until he 
 had been taken under the gallows. 
 
 Since Chester County has been reduced to its present 
 limits there have been eight executions therein ; of these, 
 three were of white persons and five of colored, one of the 
 latter a woman. Two were executed in public, and six 
 semi-privately in the prison-yard. 
 
 The following is a list of the persons thus executed : 
 
 t The name is given in the colonial records as Wilson and as Elli- 
 ott. One of the names may have been an ali'ta. 
 
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT. 
 
 409 
 
 1. Hannah Miller, commonly known as Black Hannah, 
 was tried at May Session, 1805, before Hon. John D. 
 Coxa, president judge, and his associates, Walter Finney, 
 James Boyd, John Ralston, and John Davis, for the mur- 
 der of her infant child. The jury impaneled were Rob- 
 ert BuflSngton, Thomas Downing, Joseph Pearce, William 
 Sharpless, John Holmes, Philip Housekeeper, John Down- 
 ing, Abraham Wills, Isaac Haines, Jonathan Richards, 
 John Fleming, Jr., and Samuel Geer. She was sentenced 
 June 1, 1805, and executed in public on Thursday, Aug. 
 1, 1805, under the direction of Jesse John, sheriff. The 
 place of execution was on the spot where the stone house 
 now stands, at the forks of the Philadelphia and State 
 roads, a short distance east of West Chester, on what has 
 since been known as " Gallows Hill." The case of the 
 commonwealth was conducted by William Hemphill, Esq., 
 the deputy attorney-general. 
 
 2. Edward Williams (colored), was tried at November 
 Sessions, 1830, for the murder of his wife, Sarah Williams, 
 before Hon. Isaac Darlington, president, and associate 
 judges Cromwell Pearce and Jesse Sharpe. The jury be- 
 fore whom the case was tried were John James, Caleb B. 
 Cope, Thomas Spackman, Titus Chamberlain, David Gatoh- 
 ell, Solomon Conard, John Hickman, Thomas Lamborn, 
 Joshua Ladley, James Williamson, George Garrett, and 
 Richard Barnard. He was sentenced Nov. 15, 1830, and 
 executed in public on Friday, Dec. 31, 1830, under the 
 direction of Oliver Allison, sheriff, the place of execution 
 being a small hollow about three hundred yards northeast 
 of the place where Hannah Miller had been executed. 
 
 The trial was conducted by Henry H. Van Amringe, 
 Esq., on the part of the commonwealth, and by William 
 H. Dillingham and Townsend Haines, Esqrs., on the part 
 of the prisoner, they having been assigned to that duty by 
 the court. 
 
 3. Charles Bowman (colored) was tried at August Ses- 
 sions, 1834, before Hon. Isaac Darlington, president, and 
 associate judges Cromwell Pearce and Jesse Sharpe, for 
 the murder of Jonathan McEuen, a blind fiddler. He was 
 indicted with Patience McEuen, the wife of the murdered 
 man, but the defendants, by permission of the court, were 
 tried separately. Bowman was sentenced Aug. 25, 1834, 
 and executed by Robert Irwin, sheriff, in the old prison- 
 yard, then embraced within the limits of the present court- 
 house yard, on Friday, Nov. 21, 1834. 
 
 The plea of the commonwealth was conducted by H. H. 
 Van Amringe, Esq., and the prisoner was defended by 
 Townsend Haines and Thomas S. Bell, Esqrs. The jury 
 were Daniel Baugh, Abraham Vernon, William Cooper, 
 Thomas S. Woodward, Pennock Passmore, Richard Pell, 
 Isaac Miller, William Taggart, John Zook, James Miles, 
 Jonathan Paxson, and David Walton. 
 
 Patience McEuen was afterwards tried and acquitted. 
 
 4. Jabez Boyd (white) was tried at July Sessions, 1845, 
 before Hon. Thomas S. Bell, president, and associatp judges 
 Jesse Sharp and Thomas Jones, for the murder of Wesley 
 Patton, a youth of about fourteen years of age.. John 
 Hickman, Esq., was then deputy attorney-general for the 
 county and conducted the prosecution, and the prisoner 
 was defended by Joseph J. Lewis and Joseph Hemphill, 
 
 52 
 
 Esqrs. The jury were Samuel S. Entriken, Thomas 
 Mackey, John Phillips, George Ubill, Samuel Beaver, Jr., 
 Jonathan Booth, Michael Myers, Henry Detwiler. William 
 Pusey, James Plumley, William Cochran, and James Jones. 
 He was sentenced Aug. 8, 1845, and executed by Sheriff 
 J. B. Wood, in the present prison-yard, on Friday, Nov. 
 21st of the same year. 
 
 5. George Pharoah (white), a youth of about nineteen 
 years of age, and nephew of Jabez Boyd, was tried at Jan- 
 uary Sessions, 1851, before Hon. Henry Chapman and as- 
 sociates, Nimrod Strickland and Samuel Shafer, for the 
 murder of Rachel Sharpless, a school-teacher, at Rocky Hill, 
 in East Goshen township. The prosecution was conducted 
 by District Attorney Paschall Woodward, Esq., and the de- 
 fense by William Butler and Joseph J. Lewis, Esqrs. The 
 jury were George P. McFarlan, John Ewing, Joseph B. 
 Pennypacker, Samuel Pennington, Thomas Humes, Thomas 
 Elwell, Addis M. Ayars, Jacob Chrisman, Walker Yarnall, 
 Reuben Chalfant, John Vanderslice, and Levis H. James. 
 
 The defendant was sentenced Feb. 12, 1851, and executed 
 by Davis Bishop, sheriff, Friday, Aug. 29th of the same 
 year. 
 
 6. Lewis Green (colored), indicted with his brother, 
 Richard Green, was tried at August Sessions, 1861, before 
 Hon. Townsend Haines, president, and associate judges 
 William WoUerton and Robert Parke, for the murder of 
 Jacob Marks, or March, a peddler, generally known as 
 " Dutch Jake," near Mortonville. 
 
 Wayne Mac Veagh, Esq., district attorney, prosecuted the 
 case, and the defense was conducted by John J. Pinkerton 
 and William Darlington, Esqrs. He was sentenced Nov. 
 1, 1861, and executed by Sheriff Jacob Heffelfinger, 
 on Friday, March 7, 1862. The jury impaneled in the 
 case were Joseph Pennock, Samuel Troth, Cadwalader Sup- 
 plee, Pennock Palmer, Isaac Pawling, John M. Zook, Ben- 
 jamin Orin, William P. Osborne, Brinton Jones, Pennock 
 Marshall, Joseph Sheeder, and Edward Hicks. 
 
 The trial of Richard Green was postponed by the court 
 on account of his ill health, and he died in prison before 
 the time fixed for his trial. 
 
 7. George Grant (colored) was tried at October Sessions, 
 1871, before Hon. William Butler, president, and Benja- 
 min J. Passmore, associate judge, for the murder of Mrs. 
 Amanda Spence, also colored, in West Chester. The prose- 
 cution was conducted by George F. Smith, Esq., district 
 attorney, and the prisoner was defended by Nimrod Strick- 
 land and William B. Waddell, Esqrs. The jury selected 
 to try the case were Robert S. Scott, John Y. Latta, John 
 Gilfillan, Charles W. Chambers, Pennock E. Marshall, Jo- 
 seph H. Pyle, John R. Hayes, Richard W. Schrack, Wil- 
 liam P. Marshall, Amos Snyder, Frederick Guss, and Wil- 
 liam S. Harlan. He was convicted Nov. 4, 1871, and 
 sentenced Jan. 31, 1872, after argument on a motion for a 
 new trial, which was not granted. The case was taken to 
 the Supreme Court on behalf of the defendant, where, after 
 a hearing, the sentence was affirmed. The death-warrant 
 was issued by the Governor Sept. 13, 1872, and he was 
 executed, under the supervision of Sheriff Davis Gill, on 
 Wednesday, Nov. 13, 1872. 
 
 8. William Eachus Udderzook was tried at October Ses- 
 
410 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 sions, 1873, before Hon. William Butler, president, and 
 his associates, Benjamin J. Passmore and Joel Hawley, for 
 the murder of Winfield Scott Goss. The murder was 
 committed on the 1st day of July, 1873, in West Fallow- 
 field township, at a point near the Gap and Newport turn- 
 pike, between Cochranville and Atglen, known as Baer's 
 woods. 
 
 Udderzook and his victim, Goss, were brothers in-law, 
 they having married sisters. TJiey entered into a conspir- 
 acy to defraud certain life insurance companies, and for that 
 purpose Goss obtained insurances on his life in several com- 
 panies in favor of his wife, aggregating $25,000. A dead 
 body was then secretly introduced by the conspirators into 
 a frame shop in which Goss worked by himself near Balti- 
 more, and the building fired and burned to the ground. 
 Goss then disappeared, and it was given out that he was 
 last seen in the building, and search being made among the 
 ruins, the body of a man was found, which was pronounced 
 by Udderzook to be that of the missing man, and it was 
 interred as such. 
 
 Udderzook then made the preliminary proofs as to its 
 identity in order to obtain the insurance for the wife, but 
 payment was refused by the companies, they not being sat- 
 isfied that the body found Was that of Goss. Suit was 
 then brought against one of them, in the prosecution of 
 which Udderzook was active. While the litigation was 
 pending, the insurance companies instituted inquiries with 
 such success that they discovered that a man believed to 
 be Goss had been hiding, under the assumed name of A. 
 C. Wilson, at different places in Delaware and Montgom- 
 ery Counties, Pa., and Newark, N. J., and they endeav- 
 ored to efiect his arrest. It was found impossible to keep 
 Goss much longer concealed, and Udderzook, fearing for 
 his own safety in the event of the arrest of Goss, and to 
 prevent the discovery of the fraud, determined to take the 
 life of his companion in crime. He accordingly decoyed 
 him to Jennerville, in Chester County, and there took him 
 in a carriage at nightfall, ostensibly to go to Atglen, on 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad, and while passing Baer's woods, 
 about two miles south of the latter place, killed him by 
 stabbing, and buried the body in the woods, near to the 
 highway. Ten days later the body was discovered, and sus- 
 picion lighting upon Udderzook as being the murderer, he 
 was arrested and tried as above stated. 
 
 The prosecution was conducted by Abraham Wanger, 
 district attorney, and William M. Hayes, Esqs., and the 
 prisoner was defended by Joseph F. Perdue, Wayne 
 MacVeagh, and Milton Whitney, Esqs., the last named of 
 Baltimore. The jury were John W. Morton, Edward S. 
 Wilson, Isaac Kolb, Daniel B. Latshaw, John L. Hood, 
 Joseph Glisson, W. Worthington Entriken, M. Shaner 
 Chrisman, George A. Mercer, Robert L. Hayes, George 
 P. Caley, and Arnold M. Nichols. He was convicted 
 Nov. 9, 1873, and sentenced Dec. 13, 1873. The case 
 was carried to the Supreme Court, where the sentence was 
 affirmed, and he was executed by Davis Gill, sherifl", on 
 Thursday, Nov. 12, 1874. 
 
 A report of the case will be found in P. F. Smith's Re- 
 ports, vol. xxvi., page 340. 
 
 In the cases of Hannah Miller and Edward Williams, 
 
 the office of executioner was performed by persons specially 
 employed by the sherifl" for that purpose, who were dis- 
 guised, so that it might not be known who they were. In 
 the cases of all the others the law was executed by the 
 sherifl' or his regularly constituted deputies in person. 
 
 The following items, taken from the records, illustrative 
 of the manner of caring for prisoners, the rate of turnkey's 
 fees, and other customs of the early times, may be interest- 
 ing to many : 
 
 " Chester County Dr. 
 
 To Nathan Worley, 
 For maintaining Joseph Bivan from the 13th day of October, 1736, 
 to the 2d day of July, 1737. 
 
 £ a. A. 
 
 To Turn Kee fees every capital crime 10 
 
 To King's allowance 260 days @ 2o!. per day 2 3 4 
 
 To fireing and cloathing for him all winter 2 3 4 
 
 To taking 4 pair of Irons off him when he was Exe- 
 cuted 6 
 
 To a shirt and a pair of Trowcers for him when Ex- 
 ecuted — -for lie was naked 10 
 
 5 12 8" 
 
 6mo. 26, 1747. — William Hay charged 9s. for a double 
 whipping of Patrick Collins, and (at the November 
 term of court) 4s. Qd. for a whipping of John Malone in 
 the goal. In 1750 the whipping of Elinor Simms was 
 charged at the same rate. At the February term of court, 
 1750, Isaac Lea was allowed 2s. for new cording the county 
 whips. Sept. 3, 1746, the county was " Dr. to Richard 
 Weaver, for repairing the Pillory, to 18 foot and 10 inches 
 of board. Is. Id. ; To 1 J pound nails Is. 6d. ; To work and 
 diet 5s. 6d." The same person billed (1746) the " digging 
 a grave for Wm. Watson 6s. ;" and John Caldwell received 
 12s. for his coffin. Aug. 26, 1747, brings in a bill for 
 " erecting a new pillory and stocks in Chester, £4 6s. 2d. ; to 
 iron work for the stocks 15s. 6d. ; to changing bars in the 
 prison-yard and materials for same 16s. Id." 
 
 As before stated, James Rice and Thomas Kelley were 
 hung for murder in 1752. Isaac Pearson, for getting 
 Rice from Philadelphia to the Chester gaol, was allowed, 
 to wit : 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 To expenses 17 8 
 
 " three assistants 15 
 
 '■' horse hire for prisoner 2 6 
 
 " five ferriages 18 
 
 " care, attendance, &o 10 
 
 Total 2 6 10 
 
 The cost of Rice's execution was : 
 
 £ «. 
 
 To cash paid the executioner 5 
 
 " erecting gallows, making coffin, digging grave, 
 cash for a cart, assistance about the funeral, &a. 20 
 
 Total 6 ~o 
 
 As the costs in Kelley's case were the same, the above 
 may be taken as the established fees at that period. 
 
 8mo. 26, 1753.— Isaac Pidgeon, a prisoner for debt, 
 I)i/ed and £1 was allowed for liquors and candles to two 
 men who took turns by night to attend him in his last sick- 
 ness. Jn a bill allowed, 12mo., 1753, to William White- 
 side, was the item, " to making a brand to burn y° boy in 
 y" hand. Is.," being the boy in jail for burning a barn. 
 Y= 11th of 8th mo., 1769, Nehemiah Davis was allowed 7s. 
 for a Cat Whip for the work-house. Sept. 17, 1768, 
 Timothy Keough received of SheriflF John Morton' £8 for 
 
"MEADOW BEOOK." 
 HESIDENCB OF SARAH P. PENNOCK, "WEST MARLBOROUGH. 
 
 "PINE HALL." 
 RESIDENCE OF JOSEPH PENNOCK, WEST MARLBOROUGH. 
 
HOUSE OF CORRECTION.— OLD JAIL AND COUNTY PRISON. 
 
 411 
 
 executing John Dowdle and Thomas Vaughn (for the 
 murder of Thomas Sharp), arid John Caldwell £2 5s. for 
 their two coffins. 
 
 In September, 1786, Predy Kimber, who aspired to be 
 the firxt court crier at the Turk's Head, or West Chester, 
 sent his petition " to the Honorable the Justices of the 
 Courts of General Quarter Sessions and Common Pleas of 
 the County of Chester" for appointment to the office. 
 Notwithstanding his fitness for the position was certified by 
 over one hundred of the best names of the county, his 
 application was " rejected." 
 
 Nathan Worley, who is elsewhere mentioned, seems to 
 have been almost entirely occupied in labors connected with 
 the courts, or in the care of malefactors, and we find him 
 even making staves for the use of the constables of the 
 county. 
 
 " Chester CouDty to Nathan Worley B' May 1745. 
 
 £ ». 
 To malieing fifty Constables Staves @ U. ^ peace 2 10 
 " primeing them ready for painting y" Kings 
 
 Coat of Arms 1 5 
 
 " painting the Kings Coat of Arms On s'' Staves 
 
 3». 6rf. ^ 8 15 
 
 12 
 Errors Excepted 
 
 ^ Nathan Worley." 
 
 HOUSE OP COKKECTION AND WORK-HOUSE. 
 
 The house of correction, or work-house, of Chester County 
 was erected pursuant to an act of the Provincial Assembly, 
 passed Feb. 22, 1717, one section of which provided that 
 the establishment for the use of Chester County should be 
 built within • the space of three years after March 25, 
 1721-2, which was probably done. 
 
 Nathan Worley was appointed keeper of the house of 
 correction, or work-house, by the court, with the consent of 
 the commissioners and assessors of the county, " for the 
 term of one year, if he behave himself well, which s* time 
 is to commence on the 25* day of March next [1731], and 
 that the burgesses of said borough [Chester] shall from 
 time to time give such directions therein as they may 
 adjudge proper." He continued to act until 1738, when 
 Thomas Griffing was appointed his successor. Very gen- 
 eral repairs of the work-house must have occurred upon his 
 advent, judging from the following bill, allowed him Aug. 
 26, 1738 : 
 
 £ s. d. 
 To my trouble and hiring hands to clean out the 
 
 work-house 10 
 
 " cash paid Nathan Worley for 2 malls 2 
 
 " " " carpenter for mending y" petitions 2 
 
 " " " Martin Rartin 16 
 
 " " « Kobt. Wade for 4 blocks @ 2« 8 
 
 " fixing large room upstairs ; 2 6 
 
 " padlock for lower work room 18 
 
 " fees for Nicholas Crosswell being committed 
 in the work-house by Justice Cowpland & set 
 at liberty y« 3d day was a Vagabond 2 10 
 
 2 6 
 
 At the ensuing November term of the court there was 
 a struggle for the keepership, Nathan Worley "having 
 now returned to keep the common Gaol," being one of the 
 contestants ; his petition was indorsed " not allowed," and 
 that of Richard Weaver " allowed." The petition of David 
 Skinner was referred to the Quarter Sessions in 1763, but 
 being "not allowed," William Owen was appointed "to 
 enter 5th April." He either did not enter upon his duties 
 
 or remained but a short time, as the application of John 
 Whitehead, 31st May, 1763, recites that "your petitioner is 
 informed that the Work House or House of Correction is 
 at present vacant and without a Keeper.'' He was ap- 
 pointed. In 1766, Joseph Rnbinet applied for the post, 
 but whether he was allowed or not we do not know, nor 
 who the late incumbent may have been when, in the spring 
 of 1769, Thomas Pedrick, Jr., petitioned for appointment. 
 He states in his application " That the workhouse of the s" 
 County has for this some time been vacant. That the per- 
 son las.t appointed . . . having absconded from his resi- 
 dence therein. That the s" workhouse has for a considerable 
 time past been very ill kept (as is very well known to your 
 Honours), who for that reason thought proper to discharge 
 a former work house keeper from his trust," etc. Evidently 
 this arm of the civil service in Chester County was not very 
 well managed. 
 
 Joseph Robiuet served as deputy keeper in the years 
 1735 and 1736, under Nathan Worley. 
 
 OLD JAIL AND COUNTY PRISON. 
 
 The first jail at West Chester was located in the rear of 
 the court-house, and completed in 178G. It was in use 
 until the new (the present) structure was built. 
 
 Alexander Marshall, one of our oldest citizens, writes 
 thus in reference to this building : 
 
 " There are many reminiscences clustered around the old jail that 
 may be interesting to some of your readers, — when the sheriff, in ad- 
 dition to the duties pertaining to that office, was warder, jailer, and 
 tavern-keeper. The bar-room was located between the office and 
 debtor's apartment. In those days it was a crime to be poor, and if 
 a man had no goods for the constable to levy on and sell, he (the con- 
 stable] was commanded to seize on the body and deliver him to the 
 county jail, there to be kept until set free by due course of law. His 
 wife and children were deprived not only of his society but of his 
 earnings likewise. This relic of barbarism has been wiped out for- 
 ever I trust. 
 
 "At one end of the bar-room was an iron-grated door that opened 
 into the debtors' apartment, through the lattice-work of which many 
 a glass of whisky was handed in and drunk by the inmates, purchased 
 by their more fortunate friends. Tobacco was handed in in the same 
 way. 
 
 "The sheriff was a licensed tavern-keeper, and it was a popular 
 place for jurors to board during court. I remember that when a boy 
 of eight or nine years old, my father had to attend court as a juror. 
 I went with him some fourteen miles on a separate horse to lead 
 back the horse on which he rode. We fed the horses at the Green Tree 
 tavern, which was small in proportion to what it is now. My father 
 boarded with the sheriff as the most honorable hotel in the place, and 
 I was shown around the town to see the sights before court called. 
 
 "I remember an instance reported in the newspapers a few years 
 later. Some one who had imbibed a little too freely made some re- 
 mark in the sheriff's office that insulted the dignity of that officer. 
 The sheriff knocked him down, and the matter was brought into 
 court, the sheriff found guilty and sentenced, in addition to a fine 
 and cost, to close confinement in his office for thirty days. 
 
 " The law was subsenuently altered to prevent sheriffs and justices 
 of the peace from keeping tavern." 
 
 The county prison — the new structure — dates from 1838. 
 April 28th of that year the county commissioners — Alex- 
 ander Correy, Elijah Lewis, and John Beitler — let the 
 building of the new county prison to William Ingram 
 and Chalkley Jefferis for the sum of $35,949, to be erected 
 upon the lot at the northeast corner of Market and New 
 Streets, in the borough of West Chester, according to a 
 plan for solitary confinement and labor of convicts fur- 
 
412 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 nished by the architect, Thomas U. Walter. The original 
 cost was as follows : 
 
 1838.— Lot and deed $1,410.00 
 
 1838-40.— Pd. Ingram & Jefferis for building 35,949.00 
 
 1840. — Thos. Dolby, et al., digging wells, pumps, etc 162.82 
 
 1840.— Thos. V. Walter, architect 1,600.00 
 
 $39,021,82 
 
 The additions, alterations, and repairs since then have 
 been as follows : 
 
 1854 $209.07 
 
 1855 617.73 
 
 1866 1,331.20 
 
 1857 172.U 
 
 1858 463.85 
 
 1869 159.76 
 
 1800 641.28 
 
 1861 275.37 
 
 1862 61.50 
 
 1863 65.08 
 
 1864 528.88 
 
 1865 33.65 
 
 1866 1,029.61 
 
 1867 128.34 
 
 1868 $671.67 
 
 1869 297.66 
 
 ]870» 4,148.72 
 
 1871t 12,588.54 
 
 1872 1,414.94 
 
 1873 842.30 
 
 1874 2,096.46 
 
 1875 1,935.86 
 
 1876 3,366.24 
 
 1877 856.25 
 
 1878 1,610.68 
 
 1879 643.23 
 
 1880 470.16 
 
 The keepers of this prison have been Robert Irwin, 
 18.S9-53; Christian Peterman, 1853-54; Benjamin P. 
 Haines, 1854-74; Washington Hagerty, 1874 to the 
 present. 
 
 NATUEALIZATION. 
 
 The naturalization of such of the early settlers of the 
 American colonics as were emigrants from any country 
 except Grreat Britain and its dependencies, was accomplished 
 by special legislation of the colonial Assembly up to about 
 the year 1740, from which time it was done by the Su- 
 preme Court. (See Pennsylvania Archives, 2d series, ii.) 
 The following are the names of some, mostly of this 
 county, who were naturalized from 1709 to 1771 : 
 
 . Sept. 28, 1709. — Rienier Van der Sluys and Adrian, his son. 
 
 March 5, 1726-26.— Bernhard Vanleer. 
 
 1730. — Christian Mary, Casper Aclier, Johannes Eoth, Jacob Aclter. 
 
 1738. — George Donat, Garret Brownbaok. 
 
 September, 1740. — John George Vanleer; John Bartholomew, John 
 George Hoffman, Jacob Hoffman, Philadelphia County. 
 
 April, 1741. — Conrad Niedermardt. 
 
 April, 1743. — Mathias Ringer, George Shultz, Philadelphia County ; 
 Sebastian Wagoner, Christian Brower, Johannes Brewer, Nicholas 
 Haldeman, Jacob Bussart, Peter Ash, Jacob Engars, Johannes 
 Engars, Jost Engar, Jacob Bach, Johannes Steiner, George 
 Reezer, Andreas Hoffman, Johannes Shinholser. 
 
 April, 1744. — Nicholas Carver. 
 
 April 11, 1749. — Daniel Hister, Philadelphia County. 
 
 April 12, 1760. — John Stoner, Peter' Engle, Christian Perry, Andrew 
 Heit, Roderick Smilh, Henry Bear. 
 
 Sept. 25, 1761. — George Larow. 
 
 April 1 0, 1767. — Jacob Ehrenzeller. 
 
 April 10, 1760. — George Hartman. 
 
 April, 1761. — Michael Deny, Michael Sifert. 
 
 September, 1761. — George Adam Heilman, John Gruber. 
 
 Sept. 24, 1762.— John Melford, Caspar Melford. 
 
 April 11, 1763. — George Martin, Charlestown ; Jacob Longenacre, 
 Susannah Longenacre, Coventry. 
 
 Sept. 24, 1763.— Peter Peohin, Haverford. 
 
 September, 1764. — Christopher Knower, Burkhard Becktel, East 
 Nantmel; Godfried Towenhower, Coventry. 
 
 April 10, 1765. — Adam Richards, East Cain. 
 
 Sept. 24, 1766.— John Carr, Whiteland; Philip Super, Haverford. 
 
 * This includes an item of $2470.50 for a lot purchased of Joseph 
 P. Wilson for $4770, part of which was sold in 1871 to M. B. Hick- 
 man & Co. for $2300, leaving the real addition as above given, 
 $2470.50. 
 
 f The prison enlarged by an addition this year. 
 
 1767. — John Paul, Vincent; Henry Shenckell, Coventry; Jacob 
 Schuster, Nantmel ; Henry Shaver, Charlestown. 
 
 September, 1768. — ^Jaeob Stork, Ridley. 
 
 Sept. 24, 1770. — Wendel Dantfeltzer, Peter Wenger, Nantmel; George 
 Grauss, Coventry. 
 
 Sept. 24, 1771.— Christopher Ricks, East Cain. 
 
 WITCHCRAFT IN CHESTEE COUNTY. 
 Superstition in the early days seems not to have been 
 confined to Salem, whose witches so much exercised the 
 Puritans of New England. The imaginary crime of witch- 
 craft at that time ranked among the most heinous, and 
 hence was only tried by the superior courts. The parties 
 concerned in the celebrated witch trial, which occurred 
 before the proprietary, William Penn, and his Council, at 
 Philadelphia, Feb. 27, 1684, resided near the mouth of 
 Crum Creek, were in good circumstances, and, for aught 
 that is known to the contrary, were quite as respectable as 
 their accusers. The following is the record of the trial, 
 copied from the published minutes of the Council : 
 
 " Margaret Matson's Indictm' was read, and she pleads not Guilty, 
 and will be tryed by the Country. 
 
 " Lasse Cock attested Interpriter between the Prop™ and the Pris- 
 oner at the Barr. 
 
 "The Petty Jury Impanneled; their names are as followed: — Jno 
 Hasting, foreman, Albertus Hendrickson, Robt. Piles, Robt, Wade, 
 Nath. Evans, Edwd. Carter, W"". Hewes, Jer: Collet, Jno. Kinsman, 
 Jno. Gibbons, Walter Martin, Edw*. Bezar. 
 
 "Henry Drystreet, attested, saith he was tould 20 years ago, that 
 the Prisoner at the Barr was a Witch, and that several cows were be- 
 witcht by her ; also that James Saunderling's mother tould him that 
 she bewitcht her cow, but afterwards said it was a mistake, and that 
 her cow should doe well againe, for it was not her cow but another 
 Persons that should dye. 
 
 " Charles Ashcom, attested, saith that Anthony's Wife being asked 
 why she sould her cattle ; was because her mother had Bewitcht them, 
 having taken the Witchcraft of Hcndrick's Cattle, and put it on their 
 oxen ; she myght keep but noe other Cattle, and also that one night 
 the Daughter of y® Prisoner called him up hastely, and when he came 
 she sayed there was a great Light but just before, and an old woman 
 with a knife in her hand at y® Bedd's feet, and therefore she oryed 
 out and desired Jno. Symcock to take away his Calves, or Else she 
 would send them to Hell. 
 
 "James Claypool attested interpritor betwixt the Prop' and the 
 Prisoner. 
 
 " The aflBdavid of Jno. Vanculin read, Charles Ashcom being a 
 witness to it. 
 
 " Annakey Coolin, attested, saith her husband tooke the Heart of a 
 Calf that Dyed, as they thought, by Witohtcraft, and Boyld it, where- 
 upon the Prisoner at y^ Barr came in and asked them what they were 
 doing; they said boyling of flesh; she said they had better they had 
 Boyled the Bones, with several other unseemly Expressions. 
 
 "Margaret Mattson saith that she values not Drystreet's evidence- 
 but if Sanderlin's mother had come, she would have answered her ■ 
 also denyeth Charles Ashcoms attestation at her soul, and saith, 
 where is my daughter; let her come and say so. 
 
 "Annakey Cooling's attestation about the Gees, saying she was 
 never out of her Conoo, and also that she never said any such things 
 concerning the calve's heart. 
 
 "Jno. Cock attested, sayth he knows nothing of the matter. 
 
 " Tho : Baldings attestation was read, and Tho : Bracy attested, 
 saith it is a true copy. 
 
 "The prisoner denyeth all things, and saith that y® Witnesses 
 speake only by hear say. 
 
 " After w"'' y« ovf gave the Jury their Charge concerning y= Pris- 
 oner at y® Barr. 
 
 " The Jury went forth, and upon their Keturne Brought her in 
 Guilty of haveing the Comon fame of a Witch, but not Guilty in 
 manner and forme as Shee Stands Indicted. 
 
 "Neels Matson and Antho. Neelson enters into Recognizance of 
 fifty pounds a piece for the good behaviour of Margaret Matson for 
 six months." 
 
WITCHCEAFT IN CHESTER COUNTY. 
 
 413 
 
 The Proprietary's charge has not been preserved, but it 
 may be presumed that it was upon his suggestions that the 
 jury based their very righteous, but rather ridiculous, verdict. 
 
 A few years later the Friends of Concord Monthly 
 Meeting became greatly concerned about some young per- 
 sons of Chichester township, who were engaged in the 
 study of astrology and other arts, which they regarded as 
 very dangerous. Their serious gravity in treating the 
 matter, and their persistency in attempts to convince the 
 offenders that it was evil, — " a reproach of truth and the 
 great hurt of themselves," — is quite remarkable. We extract 
 from the records of Concord Monthly Meeting, commencing 
 with the date of 9, 11, 1695: 
 
 " Some friends hnveing a concern upon them Concerning some 
 young men w"'' came amongst friends to their meetings and following 
 some arts which friends thought not fit for such as profest truth to 
 follow, viz., astroligy and other arts; wliareupon it was stated to this 
 meeting Concerning Astroligy and other sciences, as Geomancy and 
 Chiromancy and Necromancy <fce. It was debated and the sense of 
 this meeting is that the study of these sciences brings a vaile over the 
 understanding and a death upon the Life. 
 
 " And in the sense of the same, friends orders y' Philip Roman Be 
 spol^en too to know whether he have dealt orderly w"" his two sons 
 concerning the same Arts ; And that his two sons be spoke to to come 
 to J' next monthly meeting; 
 
 " friends orders John Kingsman And William Hughes to speak to 
 Philip Roman & his two sones to Appare at y" next monthly meeting." 
 10, 9, 1695. — " Philip Roman and his Brother Robert Roman friends 
 children was spoak to about those Arts and Sciences abovesaid they 
 seemed to disowne w' is Mentioned except Astroligy; much was said 
 unto them But it was not Received :— at Last they proposed to the 
 meeting if they thought well of it to Confer w"" Nioolus Ncwlin and 
 Jacob Chandler and if they could convince them y' it was Evill they 
 would Leave it. This meeting receives their offer and concludes that 
 Nioolus Newlin and Jacob Chandler Confer with them betwixt this 
 and next Monthly Meeting and Make report thereof." 
 
 11 13, 1695. "Nioolus Newlin and Jacob Chandler reports to this 
 
 meeting y' that they have Confered with Phillip Roman Jr. and Rob- 
 ert Roman according to their proposal!. Many Arguments on both 
 sides at Length Phillip concluded with us y« he did not know that he 
 should use y' art of Astroligy Againe for he had Denied severell y' 
 came to him to be resolved of their Question already— Robert prom- 
 ised the same but with this reserve unless it was to Doe some great 
 good by it from w""" beliefe of some great good maybe Done by it wee 
 could not remove him." 
 
 1, 9, 1695-6.— William Hughes (Hewes) and Jacob 
 Chandler are ordered to confer with them again " to en- 
 deavour in the wisdom of god to bring them to a sense of 
 their condition and to give forth a paper to condemn their 
 practys therein." Philip Roman, Sr., presented an acknowl- 
 edgment, condemning his sons' behavior and his own for 
 taking their parts at first. 
 
 3, 11, 1696.— Philip Roman, Jr., made an acknowledg- 
 ment, but Robert was disowned. 
 
 The subject of these dark practices was also brought 
 before the Chester Quarterly Meeting, which body appears 
 to have taken a rather rational view of the subject for the 
 times. The following is an extract from the preamble of 
 a long testimony published by that meeting early in the year 
 1696: 
 
 " Whereas the meeting being acquainted, that some persons under 
 the profession of truth, and belonging to this meeting, who professing 
 the art of Astrology, have undertaken thereby to answer questions, 
 and give Astrological Judgments concerning persons and things, 
 tending to the dishonor of God, and the reproach of Truth and the 
 great hurt of themselves and those who come to inquire of them ; and 
 Whereae, it is also reported that some professing truth among us 
 
 seems too much inclined to use and practice Rahdomaney, or consult- 
 ing with a Btaff, and such like things, all which have brought a 
 weighty exercise and concern upon this meeting, as well because of 
 the reproach, that is already brought upon the truth hereby, as also 
 to prevent, as much as in us lies, its being further reproached by any 
 among us that may attempt to follow the like practices for time to 
 come, &c." 
 
 But this business did not end with the meeting. An 
 offense so serious as the practice of " Geomancy" could 
 not escape the vigilance of the grand jury, particularly as 
 the foreman lived in the same neighborhood with the par- 
 ties. In bringing the matter to the notice of the court, 
 they say : 
 
 " We the grand Inquest by the King's authority, presents Robert 
 Roman of Chichester for practicing Geomancy according to hidden, 
 and divining by a stick. Walter Mahten, 
 
 " Foreman." 
 
 With the view of effectually eradicating the evil, it be- 
 came necessary to destroy the implements of mischief by 
 another presentment, which is thus recorded : 
 
 " We the Grand Inquest by the Kings authority presents the fol- 
 lowing books : Hidons Temple of Wisdom, which teaches Geomancy, 
 and Scots discovery of Witchcraft, and Cornelias Agrippas teach 
 Necromancy. Walter Maetin, Foreman." 
 
 Upon which " the Court orders as many of said Books 
 as can be found be brought to the next court." 
 
 The following minute records the closing scene of this 
 ludicrous judicial procedure: 
 
 "Robert Roman was called to answer the presentment of the 
 Grand Jury the last Court; he appeared and submitted himself to 
 the Bench. The order of the Court is that he shall pay five pounds 
 for a fine and all charges, and never practice the arts, but behave 
 himself well for the future, and he promised to do so, whereupon he 
 is discharged for this time." 
 
 Some sixty years later, as we find at Goshen Monthly 
 Meeting (12, 17, 1759), that Uwchlan Preparative Meet- 
 in" brought a complaint against Robert Jones (who be- 
 longed to Pikeland meeting) for joining others "in forcing 
 a poor woman from her habitation (under a pretence of 
 her bewitching a certain child), whereby she has suffered 
 damage." To the credit of the meeting be it said, however, 
 it sided with the woman by condemning her oppressors, 
 and (3, 7, 1760) the first-named meeting disowned Robert 
 Jones. Perhaps this has some connection with the .follow- 
 ing circumstance : 
 
 More than one hundred years ago there lived in a log 
 cabin on the barrens, a few miles from where West Chester 
 now stands, an inoffensive old woman, named Molly Otley, 
 who was superstitiously characterized as a witch. A 
 daughter of Joshua Ashbridge, who had become demented, 
 acted strangely, uttering at the same time unintelligible 
 sounds, which were construed into " molotly, molotly." 
 This was conclusive evidence that she was bewitched, and 
 by Moll Otley. So one Seventh-day the populace assembled 
 for her trial,— not a judicial one, but A to Judge Lynch,— 
 and it is said the whole country-side were there, " gentle, 
 simple, learned, and ignorant," all carried away by the then 
 popular belief in witchcraft. James Gibbons* (then living 
 on what has since been known as the " Westtow'n School 
 
 ■»• From whose grandson. Gibbons Parry, of Florida, Ohio, we have 
 this recital. In Joseph Townsend's early history of West Chester he 
 mentions Mary Otley as being noted for enchantment. 
 
414 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Farm'') was deputed to bring the old woman. During 
 his absence some were to draw her image on a board, and 
 fire at it with pieces of silver (for lead would not hurt a 
 witch) ; wherever the image was hit there the witch would 
 be wounded. Mr. Gribbons was charged to notice if she 
 manifested any pain or uneasiness by the way. After riding 
 some distance she complained and said she would rather 
 walk, and did so the rest of the way. Arriving at the door 
 of the house (over which a horseshoe had been nailed, the 
 floor newly scrubbed, and salt sprinkled on the threshold), 
 Molly turned around to clean her shoes, when the cry 
 went forth, "She's a witch, and can't pass over the salt 
 until she performs some conjuration." They then took 
 her to the mill, put her in one scale and a Bible in the 
 other, for it was held that a Holy Bible would always out- 
 weigh a witch. She remarked, " Children, I'll outweigh 
 that book," and she did. She was next examined by a 
 jury of matrons to see if her body bore any marks from the 
 silver pieces fired at her image; but none were found. The 
 next ordeal proposed was to throw her into the mill-dam, 
 believing that if she was a witch she would swim out 
 quickly ; otherwise, sink. Mr. Gibbons and others pre- 
 vailed with the crowd to desist from this undertaking. But 
 the final act in this farce, which had already well-nigh 
 proved a tragedy, was yet to come. In accordance with a 
 current superstition (that if the bewitched could draw 
 blood on the witch above the breath, — i.e., above the 
 nostrils, — and the witch would pray for the recovery of the 
 " possessed," they would recover), she was carried to Ash- 
 bridge's, into the presence of the child, in whose hand the 
 father put a penknife ; but Molly said, "Joshua, I will not 
 let thy crazy child cut me ; take it and cut me thyself" 
 But as the blood must be drawn by the bewitched, and 
 none other, Molly was held while the child scratched her 
 face with her finger-nails until it bled profusely. Then she 
 was compelled to pray, which she did in these words : /' 
 my God ! have mercy on this child, and restore her to 
 health !" " No ! not th^ God, for he is the devil, but to 
 my God and the child's God." Finally satisfied, they re- 
 leased her ; she departed, and the crowd dispersed, no 
 doubt confident in the belief that they had to do with as 
 veritable a witch as that of Endor, whom the Bible says 
 Saul consulted. 
 
 A curious and superstitious custom formerly prevailed in 
 the matter of exorcising rats. It was believed that if the 
 person troubled by these pests would serve a notice upon 
 them (perhaps after a certain form) and command them 
 to depart, defining their course and where they were to 
 go, they would leave the premises. A relic of this old 
 notion was recently found in an ancient dwelling of Chester 
 County among other antiquated papers. It read as follows : 
 
 " Rixts, I command you forthwith to depart my houses, barns and 
 promises & Go to Richard Joneses a Course Lyeing Between west and 
 southwest where you will be accommodated well & not Return to this 
 premises on pain of Death & this shall be your sutficient pass 
 
 "GiBEON Williamson. 
 
 ••Aprill2ilS05." 
 
 CHESTER COUNTY MILITARY FIFTY YEARS 
 AGO. 
 
 The Republican Artillerists was organized about the year 
 1816, composed of gentlemen of leading families from 
 
 difibrent parts of Chester County. For several years during 
 the early part of the organization Dr. William Darlington 
 was the commander. In 1825, Thomas Evans, M.D., was 
 captain, and so continued until his death, in October, 1828. 
 The company met in West Chester, generally on 4th of 
 July and Washington's birthday, for parade ; they were 
 armed with long swords, and had a six-pounder brass piece, 
 " Diana," which produced loud reports during the drinking 
 of their toasts after dinner. Dr. Darlington and Major 
 Barnard occupying opposite ends of the table. It was 
 through the exertions, prompted by patriotism, of the mem- 
 bers of this company, in 1817, that the bones of the Amer- 
 ican soldiers who were massacred in cold blood on the night 
 of Sept. 20, 1777, were collected and deposited in one 
 grave, and a respectable monument, inclosed by a stone 
 wall, erected. 
 
 In the fall of the year 1824, Governor Shulze visited 
 Philadelphia, and was met at Chester by the Republican 
 Artillerists mounted, and escorted to West Chester. The 
 Governor, instead of being entertained at the " Turk's 
 Head," kept by Eber Worthington, a member of the com- 
 pany and a stanch Democrat, was taken to the " Cross 
 Keys," the proprietor of which, Davis Beaumont, belonged 
 to the Federal party. This gave offense to the members of 
 the company generally, one of whom expressed himself 
 openly in strong language, declaring that he would never 
 again meet the company, and he kept his word. 
 
 Governor Shulze was a large and fine-looking German, 
 unused to show and parade, and being doubtless anxious to 
 return to his quiet home, he left by private conveyance the 
 next morning. In June, 1827, the National Light In- 
 fantry, of Philadelphia, came to West Chester, and en- 
 camped in a grove at " The Travelers' Rest," kept by Imla 
 J. Bennett, and remained one week. On the 4th of July 
 they paraded with the Artillerists. 
 
 In 1829 the Artillerists were disbanded, and in a short 
 time thereafter was reorganized, a different style of uniform 
 adopted, and armed with flint-lock muskets. Few of the 
 old members, however, joined the new organization. The 
 ofiBcers were Dr. Wilmer Worthington, captain ; Joseph 
 Hemphill, first lieutenant; J. Lacey Darlington, second lieu- 
 tenant. This organization existed about three years. 
 
 The " Wayne Guards," commanded by Captain Henry 
 Fleming, the members residing in or near West Chester, 
 included farmers, mechanics, lawyers, etc. The late Judge 
 Haines, then a young man, Jesse Conard, and Daniel Buck- 
 waiter, Esqs., were members. Capt. Fleming, who had 
 served in the war of 1812, displayed all the requirements 
 of a finished soldier and gentleman, a strict disciplinarian, 
 and one well posted in military tactics as practiced at that 
 time. An old colored man, called Tom Bugg, said to have 
 been a body-servant to Gen. Wayne, used to afford much 
 amusement for the boys by marching in the rear of the 
 company clad in flashy uniform, and 'carrying a long sword, 
 with which he sometimes charged on the youngsters, causing 
 them to scatter in every direction. After the resignation 
 of Capt. Fleming, Daniel Buckwalter, Esq., was elected 
 captain. This company was disbanded in 1826. 
 
 A small company, called " Junior Artillerists," from the 
 northern part of the county, commanded by Joseph Pearoe, 
 
WEST POINT GKADUATES.— PUBLIC-HOUSES. 
 
 415 
 
 a resident of West Chester, paraded in the borough several 
 times between the years 1823 and 1826 ; they were armed 
 with muskets, and had a small brass field-piece, " Minerva." 
 
 A rifle company called " Harmony Rangers" was organ- 
 ized in 1826, in the neighborhood of Dilworthtown, com- 
 manded by William Shields. This organization continued 
 three or four years. 
 
 In different parts of the county military companies ex- 
 isted ; " Honeybrook Infantry," " Brandywine Light In- 
 fantry," " Washington Guards," " Union Pencibles," 
 " Chester County Blues," commanded by Capt. John Sha- 
 fer, and " Union Troop," of Chester and Delaware Counties, 
 were among the number. 
 
 The largest number of military that ever visited West 
 Chester at one time was at the reception of Lafayette, 
 July 26, 1825. Not only all the military of Chester 
 County, but a large number from the adjoining counties, 
 turned out. 
 
 In 1830 the " National Blues" were organized, and 
 elected the following officers : Captain, William Apple ; 
 First Lieutenant, Peter Osborne ; Second Lieutenant, David 
 B. Reed ; First Sergeant, Angus McKay ; Second Sergeant, 
 Edward Maginnis ; Third Sergeant, John McGinley. Capt. 
 Apple was an able officer and an efficient teacher, and his 
 company made rapid progress in the manual of infantry 
 tactics, and it had the reputation of being the best-drilled 
 company in Chester County. In its ranks were to be found 
 some of the best material of West Chester and vicinity, 
 including farmers, mechanics, merchants, physicians, and 
 lawyers. 
 
 The late Dr. Jacob Ehrenzeller manifested much interest 
 in the welfare of this company, and it gave him much 
 pleasure to have the company halt in front of his residence 
 and listen to his kind words of encouragement. Few men 
 possessed a more ardent patriotism than Dr. Ehrenzeller, 
 and during the latter part of his life he delighted to talk 
 of the Revolution and those who conducted that struggle 
 to its glorious termination, and expressed strong feelings of 
 condemnation towards those of our countrymen who had 
 opposed our fathers in their efforts for independence. The 
 doctor died of apoplexy, July 18, 1838, in the eighty-first 
 year of his age, and was buried with military honors in 
 Grove burying-ground, in West Whiteland. 
 
 The company retained its organization until 1836, when 
 an attempt was made to divide the company, which caused 
 its dissolution. Subsequently, and prior to the Rebellion, 
 several other military companies were formed and flourished 
 in different parts of the county, — one of them commanded 
 successively by the late Robert Irwin and Henry S. Evans, — 
 but space will not permit us to speak of them. 
 
 WEST POINT GKADUATES. 
 The following is a list of graduates of the United States 
 Military Academy at West Point from the counties of 
 Chester and Delaware since the establishment of the 
 Academy : 
 
 Franois Lee, Chester, Delaware Co, Pa., admitted Sept. 2, 1818; 
 aeeond lieutenant. Seventh Infantry, July 1, 1822. 
 
 Andrew Kinnard, Cochranville Post-office, Chester Co., Pa., ad- 
 mitted June 24, 1819 ; brevet second lieutenant, First Artillery, July 
 1, 1823. 
 
 Thomas H. Pearce, East Whiteland, Chester Co., Pa., admitted 
 July 1, 1822; brevet second lieutenant. First Infantry, July 1, 1826. 
 
 AVilliam II. Price, Chester, Delaware Co., Pa., admitted July 1, 
 1830; brevet second lieutenant. First Infantry, July 1, 1834. 
 
 Israel Vogdes, Paoli, Chester Co., Pa., admitted July 1, 1833; 
 second lieutenant. First Artillery, July 1, 1837. 
 
 Snmuel B. Hayman, Paoli, Chester Co., Pa., admitted July 1, 1838; 
 brevet second lieutennnt, First Infantry, July ], 1842. 
 
 John Or. Parke, Coatesville, Chester Co., Pa., admitted July 1, 1845; 
 brevet second lieutenant. Topographical Engineers, July 1, 1849. 
 
 Augustus H. Plummer, Doe Run, Chester Co., Pa., admitted July 
 1, 1849; brevet second lieutenant. Sixth Infantry, July 1, 1853. 
 
 William II. Bell, West Chester, Chester Co., Pa., admitted July 1, 
 1853; brevet second lieutenant. Third Infantry, July 1, 1858. 
 
 David P. Heap, Chester, Delaware Co., Pa., admitted July 1, 1860 ; 
 first lieutenant, Corps of Engineers, June 13, 1864. 
 
 Thomas J. March, Lawrenceville, Chester Co., Pa., admitted July 
 1, 1864; second lieutenant. Seventh Cavalry, June 15, 1868. 
 
 Emerson Grifiith, Pughtown, Chester Co., Pa., admitted July 1, 
 1868; second lieutenant, Thirteenth Infantry, June 14, 1872. 
 
 William Herbert Baldwin, son of John R. Baldwin, West Bradford 
 township, appointed candidate U.S.A., Aug. 7, 1873, by Secretary of 
 War upon recommendation of Hon. W. Townsend; admitted U.S.A. 
 Sept. 1, 1873; graduated from West Point June 14, 1877; appointed 
 additional second lieutenant. Fifth U. S. Cavalry, June 14,1877; pro- 
 moted second lieutenant. Seventh U. S. Cavalry, Sept. 30, 1877 ; par- 
 ticipated in campaign against hostile Cheyenne Indians in October 
 and November, 1878; present at surrender of hostile Cheyennes in 
 Nebraska, Oct. 23, 1878 ; appointed regimental quartermaster Seventh 
 U. S. Cavalry on April 9, 1880. 
 
 A son of Dr. A. K. Gaston is in the class for this year (1881). 
 
 PUBLIC-HOUSES. 
 
 The earliest notice we have of the licensing of public- 
 houses was in 1671, when the settlements on the Delaware 
 were under the government of the Duke of York, prior to 
 Penn's purchase. In that year an order was made by the 
 Governor and Council that no persons were to be permitted 
 to distill liquor without license, and that the victualers and 
 tapsters should be ascertained, and three only to be allowed 
 in New Castle, and "some few up the river." In 1675 
 there was an entire prohibition of the sale "of strong 
 drinke or liquors to the Indians by retayle, or a less quan- 
 tity than two gallons att a tyme, under the penalty of five 
 pounds;" and a prohibition against distilling grain by any 
 of the inhabitants under a like penalty. 
 
 From the establishment of the government under Penn 
 to about the close of the last century licenses to keep public- 
 houses were granted by the Governor upon the recommen- 
 dation of the courts, since then they have been granted 
 directly by the courts. The licensing by the Governor 
 was a matter of form, as the applications were made to the 
 courts, and those recommended wore always licensed as a 
 matter of course. The contest for license was then, as 
 since, before the courts. 
 
 The number of public-houses was much greater in early 
 days in proportion to the population than at pi'eseut. 
 Strong liquors were in universal use, and as there was but 
 comparatively little traveling,, the inns were chiefly sup- 
 ported by the community around them. Drinking was not 
 only indulged in freely at the public-houses, but the bottle 
 was handed around at vendues and funerals among all 
 classes of the population. At funerals the custom was to 
 carry around cakes and liquor, of which all, young and old, 
 generally partook. Sometimes some thirsty soul would 
 take his position where he would be served among the first. 
 
416 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 and then would be found on the outskirts, where those 
 serving were about concluding their round. New England 
 and Jamaica rum early found their way into the settle- 
 ments, and were favorite beverages, and when the orchards 
 came into bearing, cider was added as a common drink. 
 At the taverns, it was not usual to set the bottle before the 
 guest and allow him to help himself as at present, but small 
 glasses called "jiggers" were filled by the landlord, and if 
 the guest desired more he paid for a second drink. 
 
 When the members of the Society of Friends became 
 sensible of the growing evils from rum-drinking, which they 
 did at an early period, they endeavored to put a stop to it 
 as far as possible, and they were the pioneers of temperance 
 reform in the province and State. From the earliest set- 
 tlement they discouraged the sale of rum to Indians, and 
 the meeting dealt with those who offended. 
 
 The following minute of Chester Monthly Meeting, held 
 12, 22, 1724-5, will show the attitude of Friends on the 
 subject at that time : 
 
 ''At our Quarterly Meeting it was desired y* friends talie care at 
 Burialls not to mal^e great provision as to provide strong Liquors & 
 hand it about but lett Every one talie y' is free to take it as thiey have 
 oeation & not more then will doe them Good." 
 
 As early as 1738 the Yearly Meeting adopted this minute : 
 
 " It ia recommended to such of the members of Monthly Meetings 
 as are magistrates that they use their endeavours to lesson the num- 
 ber of persons recommended to keeppubliek houses, and that Friends 
 be careful not to sign petitions to recommend any hut such as are 
 proper persons and where there is a real necessity." 
 
 In the meeting records we find repeated instances where 
 the early Friends bore testimony against the use of strong 
 drink in families and elsewhere, and parents in particular 
 were cautioned against giving it to their children. Friends 
 for a long time have watched with care over the morals of 
 their society in this regard, and are probably the most tem- 
 perate religious body in the country. Inquiry is regularly 
 made in the Monthly Meetings whether the members use 
 intoxicating drinks themselves or give them to those in 
 their employ. 
 
 The early petitions to the court for license usually set 
 out the necessity for the house, its distance from other 
 houses, and the good character of the applicant, very much 
 as at the present day, except that, as a set form was not 
 used for that purpose, they varied much in the manner in 
 which they were framed, and were sometimes curious speci- 
 mens in a literary point of view. The " schoolmaster'' 
 does not seem always to have been at home. 
 
 While licenses were somewhat freely granted, they were 
 frequently refused, when the necessity for the house was 
 not apparent or the applicant was not deemed a proper per- 
 son. There were two kinds of licenses : one granting the 
 privilege to vend all kinds of liquors, known in common 
 parlance as " full licenses," and the other to sell only" beer 
 and cider." Sometimes the " full license" was refused and 
 the other allowed instead. 
 
 A few of these early applications will be referred to in 
 order to show their general character. 
 
 Among the earliest licenses granted within the present 
 limits of the county was that of Thomas Moore, as early as 
 1717, at what is now Downingtown. His petition states 
 that he is living 20 miles back, near no public-house of en- 
 
 tertainment, and he " wishes to sell strong liquor." He 
 was licensed " to keep a common ale house in the house 
 where he lives." In 1720 he petitioned for a renewal of 
 his license " to sell all kinds of liquors," which was granted. 
 In 1719, Joseph Cloud, of Cain, was licensed " to sell all kinds 
 of liquors, and to keep a public Inn in the house where he 
 dwells." The location of this house is not certainly known, 
 but is supposed to have been north of the valley. In 1717, 
 Edward Thomas was licensed to keep a house of entertain- 
 ment, and sell beer and cider, near St. David's church, Rad- 
 nor. He states in his petition as a reason for his applica- 
 tion that he " is obliged to entertain many people that come 
 to worship at the said church." James Thomas, of White- 
 land, received a license in 1721 " for the keeping of a house 
 of entertainment, and for selling of wine, brandy, rum and 
 other strong lyquors." In 1722, John Bentley says in his 
 petition to the court that 
 
 " having taken a house in the township of Birmingham and intend- 
 ing with your Honours permission to sett up an Ordinary for the vend- 
 ing of beer and syder for the succour and support of travailers^ bis 
 house being on the great road leading to Nottingham and Maryland, 
 and he being likewise very much induced thereunto by severall of the 
 neighbours importunity." 
 
 We probably have in this the original of the modern 
 politician's application for office, " at the solicitation of nu- 
 merous friends." In the same year Edward Kennison was 
 licensed to keep what has now long been known as the " White 
 House," in Whiteland. This was probably the first licensing 
 of that house. William Barnes was licensed in Kennet in 
 1724, and Griffith Jones in Willistown the same year. In 
 1725 the license bonds contained this clause, " nor shall 
 make use of molasses in brewing of beer or ale." In 1726, 
 George Aston applies for license in Cain, setting forth that 
 he is " living on the great road leading from Philadelphia to 
 Concstogoe in the township of Calne, is greatly opprest by 
 travellers," and wants to keep a public-house. In 1727, 
 Alexander Eason, of Willistown, says that he " dwelleth 
 by the King's Highway leading from Philadelphia to Con- 
 estogoe, where travellers have frequent occasion for suitable 
 entertainment." In 1727-8, James Pugh was granted 
 license in Uwchlan on the following petition : 
 
 " The petition of us who are inhabitants on the north east branch 
 of Conestogo and on ye head of French Creek, that whereas several of 
 us subscribers having our residence fifty miles and upwards distant 
 from Chester and no house of publick entertainment erected in all y' 
 space or distance," 
 
 and recommend James Pugh,- of Uwchlan, who dwells 
 about midway from Chester to Conestoga. In 1728, 
 Thomas George is granted license at the house now long 
 known as the " Anvil," on a petition stating that he 
 
 " hath been at a groat deal of trouble and charge in building and in 
 providing plenty of hay, corn and about forty acres of good cleared 
 pasturage and several other things necessary for a public house, — that 
 it is in the forks of two great roads, one towards Marlborough and 
 the other towards New London, and there being no house this side of 
 Brandywine within several miles of the said place." 
 
 In 1729, Lazarus Finney was licensed to keep a public- 
 house at New London. His petition sets forth 
 
 " That your petitioner living on ye great road leading from Sus- 
 quehanna to Philadelphia and ye road from Conestogoe to New Cas- 
 tle, in the township of New London, where there is a great resort of 
 travellers, who frequently travel along ye said road and are often 
 
PUBLIC-HOUSES. 
 
 417 
 
 burthensome to your petitioner and several of ye neighbours for en- 
 tertainment, for want of a house of entertainment on ye aforesaid 
 roads." 
 
 In 1731, John Bentley sets out in a petition that he had 
 formerly petitioned for license for selling strong lickcrs by 
 small measure, and hath hitherto been disappointed, and now 
 asks for license to sell " bear and sider by ye quart." In 
 1733, Evan Lewis, of West Cain, " an ancient man and al- 
 most past his labour, living on the King's road lately laid from 
 Philadelphia to Lancaster," was licensed to " keep public 
 house and sell beer and syder.'' In the same year James 
 Arbuckle petitions for license, " .upon the main road now 
 leading from Conestogo to White Clay creek, to sell rum, 
 beer and sider, to answer every man's condition as his need 
 requires it." In 1735, Robert Richardson desires license 
 in TredyfFrin, and sets out that he " is incapable by reason 
 of lameness in his arms, and has to support two ancient 
 helpless women, his mother and mother in law, besides 
 wife and children." 
 
 In 173G, Garret Brumbough (Brownback) is licensed. 
 He sets out in his petition that he " is frequently oppressed 
 with travellers whom he is obliged to entertain ;" that he is 
 "living in the township of Coventry on the great road 
 which leads from Philadelphia to the Iron Works, and from 
 thence to Conestogoe, and there being no publick house 
 within twenty miles below or thirty miles above the s" peti- 
 tioner's house; he the said petitioner living above four 
 miles from the Iron Works." In the same year John Chads 
 was licensed at Chads' Ford. His petition states that he 
 has undertaken to keep a ferry, and wishes to keep a public- 
 house, etc. In 1737, James Logan petitions for license in 
 Londonderry, stating that he "hath lately purchased a 
 plantation in Londonderry where there is need of a public 
 house, by reason of three grate rodes meeting at your pe- 
 titioners house and there being no publick house for five 
 or six miles ; one road from Conestoga to Christina Bridge, 
 another from Buckleys mill to the Landing and the Lime- 
 stone road that leads to Nottingham." In 1738, William 
 Boyd obtained license in Sadsbury. Francis Swain, in 
 1739, petitioned for license in West Cain, stating that carts 
 and wagons frequently travel the road, and Dutch and 
 others make it their stage at his house. 
 
 John Harris, of Willistown, obtained license in 1740, at 
 the sign of the "Harrow." William Hartley, of Charles- 
 town, in the same year, says that his house is " continually 
 infested with travellers who call for and demand necessaries 
 and that he has been at great charges in supplying them 
 with bedding and their horses with proper provender with- 
 out any payment," and he asks for license " to retail liquor 
 in said house." John Vaughan was allowed a license at 
 what is now Lionville in 1740, which is the first mention 
 . we have of a tavern at that point. There was a remon- 
 strance against granting this license from Friends meeting, 
 setting forth : 
 
 " That it being but a few perches from our meeting house, where 
 persons intoxicated with strong liquor may come and be very annoy- 
 ous and troublesome, where also our youth may be induced by ill eom- 
 piiny to that which may be very corrupt and injurious to them ; we 
 also humbly conceive that there is or can be no necessity of a tavern 
 at the above mentioned place on the account of travellers, whilst there 
 being houses of the kind on that road at a very oouvenient distance, 
 viz. James Trego's and William Hall's." 
 
 53 
 
 Prior to 1741 many of the tavern licenses appear to have 
 been renewed without a formal petition when the fame 
 person continued at the same place without any change. 
 
 John Frew, in 1741, petitions for license at New Lon- 
 don, setting forth that 
 
 " Whereas in times past there was a tavern allowed to Lazarus 
 Finney, deceased, in y» township aS<^ a place known by y" name of y" 
 Cross Eoads, tor the support and comfort of travellers, being groat 
 in number thnt passeth that way." 
 
 John Gibb in his petition presented the same year, for 
 license in the same township, proposes " to sell ye gill of 
 rum for threepence, and ye mug of Eg punch for sixpence." 
 
 Joseph Hawley, in his petition for license at Newtown, 
 in the same year, says that 
 
 " Having for these fourteen years last past behaved himself as an 
 honest, civill and quiet neighbour in his said imploy, forbidding 
 gaming or drunkenness or suffer mens servants or others to sitt tip- 
 ling in his house and he and his wife being each of them between 
 sixty and seventy years of age, . . . and hope you will not allow 
 Francis Elliot, a young man (that hath a good trade, being a wheel- 
 wright, house carpenter and joyner, having a wife and one child, and 
 hath two or three apprentices, and one journeyman) to obtain your 
 grant for keeping of a publick house in Newtown aforesaid to the 
 great hurt and damnge of your petitioner in his old age." 
 
 This petition was accompanied by one from the inhab- 
 itants of the township, uniting with him " lest Hawley and 
 wife become a publick charge." These judgments seem to 
 have been influenced by their pecuniary interests. 
 
 William McKean (the father of Governor McKeau) 
 petitioned for "full licence" in Londongrove in 1741, 
 which was not granted, but he was allowed to sell " beer 
 and syder." He was soon afterwards, and in the same 
 year, granted a full license. This is the first mention we 
 have of a licensed house at Half- Way House (now Chat- 
 ham). The house licensed is now the residence of John 
 I. Carter. 
 
 In 1743, William McKean again applied for license, and 
 a petition was presented against his application, representing 
 that he " hath in and for some time past kept or permitted 
 a very ill conduct and practice in and about his aforesaid 
 house in permitting or suffering people to swear, curs, fight 
 and to be drunk.'' He was allowed a license, this indorse- 
 ment being made on the petition against him : 
 
 " The petitioners pass by ye offences against ye sd McKean, he 
 promising to behave better for time to eome." 
 
 In the year 1741, Thomas McKean, a brother of Wil- 
 liam McKean, was licensed to keep an inn in Tredyffrin. 
 Mary Moore, in the same year, set forth that she was the 
 widow of William Moore, of Willistown,- and " having 
 lived several years at a noted stage commonly called the 
 Harrow, where her husband followed the trade of a hatter, 
 but received a wound in the leg had it cut off at the thigh 
 and died," and she desired license "to sell beer and sider, 
 to maintain her family." The application was rejected. 
 
 William Boyd, of Sadsbury, in 1742, says he " had 
 licence to sell rum, beer, and syder the last year," and he 
 now wishes license for the ensuing year to sell " beer and 
 syder." He seems voluntarily to have given up the privi- 
 lege of selling rum,— a rare virtue, we imagine, in those 
 d^ys, and not much practiced in the present. 
 
 John Chads, who kept the ferry and public-house at 
 
-118 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Chads' Ford, had his license taken from him, but at the 
 urgent request of the people of the vicinage it was, in 1742, 
 restored, the petitioners setting forth that 
 
 "being sensible that we may be liable to great disappointinents, as 
 well as on account of entertainment, as also ye attendance of ye 
 boat over ye said creek, wch has been greatly serviceable to strangers 
 unacquainted with y'' said creek." 
 
 The ferry referred to was that over the Brandywine at 
 Chads' Ford, maintained by John Chads, in connection 
 with his public-house. The first application for license at 
 what is now Avondale was made in 1742 by William Reed, 
 but it was not successful. License was granted to James 
 Way at the sign of the " Wagon" (now Wagontown), in 
 West Cain township, in 1742. This is the first notice of a 
 license at that place. 
 
 A public-house at the Yellow Springs was first licensed 
 in 1750. Robert Pritchard, the applicant, in his petition 
 represented 
 
 "That your Petitioner is in Possession of a Farm in the Township 
 of Pikeland in the said County on which is that Medicinal Water 
 Called the Yellow Spring unto which there is Frequently a Great 
 Concourse of People on account of Health and also many others 
 Travailing about their Occasions on a Publick Koad Laid out and 
 opened Near the same & also another Koad is ordered to be Laid from 
 Uwchlan which may Cross the above said Road near said Spring j 
 All which occurrences Render it Necessary to Procure Accomodations 
 for such as have occasion to come to the said Place. And as your 
 Petitioner hath already been at a Considerable Charge in Building & 
 Improveing and is yet willing further to Build and Improve In order 
 to serve the People Your Petitioner Therefore Humbly Prays that 
 your Honours may be Pleased to Grant him a Recomendation In 
 order to obtain License to keep a House of Entertainment at ye said 
 Place." 
 
 In 1769, Stephen Anderson petitioned for license at 
 Chatham, setting out that he 
 
 " now resides at a place called Chatham in London Grove Township 
 where an Inn has been kept for upwards of twenty years; That he 
 hath lately taken the said Inn from Thomas McKean Esquire, with 
 two hundred and thirty acres of land belonging to the same whereon 
 are valuable Buildings, a good Orchard and every convenience neces- 
 sary for the good Entertainment of Travellers, Ac, five public Roads 
 meet at the said Inn. There is another small Public House on one 
 of the roads within less than half a mile and not business enough for 
 two, Ac. 
 
 " Allowed at y*^ old house." 
 
 License was granted to Joshua Evans, in Tredyffrin, in 
 1769. This is the first notice of that afterwards famous 
 hostelry known far and wide as the " Paoli," whereat was 
 always good cheer for man and beast. 
 
 In 1758 there were 34 licenses granted in what is now 
 Chester County. The names of those licensed and the 
 townships in which their houses were situated are here 
 given : 
 
 Birmingham. — William Jones. 
 East Gain, — Thomas Parke, Lydia Morgan. 
 West Cain. — Joseph Bishop. 
 Coventi-y. — John Swanner. 
 Cltarlestown.- — William Graham. 
 East FaUotDjield. — William IlamiltoD. 
 West Falhicfield. — James Cochran. 
 Gonlien. — Jonathan Davis. 
 Kemiet. — .lohn Baldwin. 
 LondMifffove. — Andrew Caldwell. 
 London Britain. — Joshua McDowell. 
 New Garden. — Nathaniel Ring. 
 West Marlborouyh. — James Parry, Thomas Buffington. 
 
 West Nantmeal, — Joseph Gibson. 
 
 New London. — William McDowell, Elizabeth Fury. 
 
 East Noitinyham. — -John Slator, Moses Latham, Elisha Hughes. 
 
 West Nottingham — William Cummings. 
 
 Oxford. — John Hayes, Francis Motherall, Alexander SimralJ. 
 
 Pikeland. — Adam Ramsower. 
 
 Tredyffrin. — Joseph Mitchell. 
 
 Uwchlan, — Joseph Wilkinson, Jonathan Vaughan. 
 
 Vincent. — Benjamin Brownbaek, George David. 
 
 Whileland. — George Aston, John Neely, Thomas Hubbard. 
 
 The number of taverns continued to increase with the 
 population and business of the county, until in 1830 there 
 were 146 licensed houses. This is probably the greatest 
 number that were ever licensed in any one year. On the 
 completion of the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad and 
 the consequent decrease of business on the Lancaster turn- 
 pike and other roads, the number of houses for a time 
 rapidly decreased. 
 
 The following is a list of those licensed in 1 830, and is 
 here given as showing the names of those who kept the 
 public-houses at that date, now half a century ago : 
 
 Birmingham. — Cbeyney Weston. 
 
 Brandywine, — Grabill Diller, James Huskins, John Kerlin, Robert 
 Worrall. Henry Widener, John Gray. 
 East Bradford, — Benjamin Kerns, 
 
 West Bradford, — Lydia Martin, Isaac Carpenter, Joseph Worth, 
 Joseph Baldwin 
 
 East Cain. — Jacob E. Parke, Isaac Downing, Benjamin I. Miller, 
 Richard Millesun, Jonathan Diller, George P. Lauer. 
 
 West Cain. — John Marsh, Joseph Hughs, William G. Jacobs, James 
 L. Neiler. 
 
 Coventry. — Garrett Hoopes, Jona Y. Missimer, J. B. Willauer, 
 Abraham Shantz, John Young, Jr. 
 
 Charlestown. — Jonathan Ra,nd, Enoch Wells, Samuel Guss. 
 Easttown. — John Daiie, Alex. E. Finley, Thomas' Temple, Jacob 
 dinger. 
 
 East Fallowjield. — John Filson, Robert Young. 
 West Falloiifietd. — George Philips, Samuel Futhey, Levi McCor- 
 mick, Matthew B. Cochran, William Baker, John J. Monaghan. 
 
 East Goshen, — Isaiah Matlack, Jona. W. Hoffman, Joseph Philips, 
 Henry H. Home. 
 
 New Garden. — Sidney IVfeirsh, Jacob Taylor. 
 
 Huneybrook. — Oliver B. Harper, Jacob Weiler, John Levengood, 
 Peter H. Poland, David Buchanan, William Owen. 
 Kennet, — Harlan Gause, J.acob Hopple, David Martin. 
 New Loudon, — Jane Mackey, James A. Alexander, Abigail H. 
 Cuningham. 
 London Britain, — Jacob Dehavcn, 
 Londongrove, — Joseph Wood, Wm. Harris. 
 Londonderry, — Jacob Reese. 
 
 East Marlborough, — Benjamin Worth, Emmor Worth, Thomas Pres- 
 ton, John Entriken. 
 
 West Marlborouyh. — Hayes Clark. 
 
 East Noltinyhum, — William Barrett, Jacob Hilaman, Timothy Kirk 
 William Donnelly, Wm. Rutherford. 
 West NoHinyham, — Joseph Kirk. 
 
 West Nanlmeal, — Joseph F. Grior, James Bones, Abigail Beard 
 and Maria Morris. 
 
 East Nantmeal. — Sarah W. Clingan, William Strickland. 
 LoiDcr Oxford. — John Twaddell, David Hayes, Jr. 
 Vp2>er Oj/oi-d.— Robert Andrews, Benjamin Hickman, William 
 Crosby. 
 I'enn. — William Walters. 
 
 /•//ce/aiirf.— Margaret Holman, Anthony W. Olwino, Samuel Shearer, 
 William AVagonseller. 
 
 Pennsbnry. — Joseph Lancaster. 
 
 (SarfsJitr^.— Samuel Jackson, John Kendig, Joseph Thornbury, 
 Samuel Wentz, Andrew Bear, Nathan Frame, James Dickinson, 
 Nicholas Boyer, Samuel A. Whitehill. 
 
 Schmjlkill,— Joseph E. Anderson, Saml. H. Bennett, John Work- 
 izer, Abriiham Olwinc, Samuel D. Moore. 
 
' *>« 
 
 
 ... : x^^v-:,-"- .^?^jflSg^&»fe3„'fa5&s^ 
 
 ftES. OF REUBEN BVLEP West Nantmbal Tp Chester Co. Pa. 
 
 "ELMWOOD" 
 
 /fes. Of JAMES BUTLER West Nantmbau Tp Chester Co. Pa. 
 
PUBLIC-HOUSES. 
 
 419 
 
 Tredi/ffrin—WiWiAm Strickland, Joshua Evans, Henry Boll, Wil- 
 liam Lewis, Jesse Moore, nnj Abraham Beidler. 
 
 Uicchlnii. — John Gordon, Jesse B. Strickland, Isaac Evans. 
 
 F/iiceni.— Jacob Ludwiok, Frederick Sheedor, Conrad Bode, AVil- 
 liam Rogers, Job Fudge, Henry Ortlip, AVilliam Whitby, C. Shanor. 
 
 East VKii'fei/Dirf,— Jane Pearoe, John Snyder, Charles Fahnestock, 
 Henry Souders. 
 
 West Wkiiel'iHtl.— Joseph Hoover, Joshua Darlington, Joseph Hall, 
 John West, Levi Evans. 
 
 iy(7/i"s(ot™.— George Davis, Thomas Tucker, Samuel Chccver, Henry 
 Ooffman, Isaac Bond, Samuel Dick. 
 
 West/mm. — Thomas Darlington. 
 
 West Chester. — Daniel Buckwalter, Samson Babb, Davis Beaumont, 
 Richard Evans, John Babb, Peter Osborne, Ann Mason, Imla J. 
 Bennett. 
 
 Our early inn-keepers, in giving names to their houses, 
 adopted those to wliich they were accustomed in tlie old 
 (fountry. Daring the war of the Revolution, and for some 
 time afterwards, the names of the patriot generals who had 
 figured prominently in that contest became favorite appella- 
 tions, and many of the old tiine-honored names gave place 
 to them. In these latter days the names given to new 
 houses are not so euphonious as those given by our fathers. 
 Time has not made any improvement in this respect. With 
 tAie decrease in the number of public-houses many of the 
 old names have disappeared, and are being rapidly forgot- 
 ten. In order to preserve them from oblivion, reference 
 will be made to some of those which were borne by well- 
 known hostelries in former days. 
 
 On the " Old Lancaster road" there were the Buck, Plow, 
 Admiral Vernon (afterwards the Warren), White Horse, 
 Ship (now Dr. Eshleman's, west of Downingtown), Wagon 
 (now Wagontown), and Mariner's Compass (now Compass- 
 ville). 
 
 On the Paxtang road, leading frtim Downingtown towards 
 the settlements at and near Harrisburg, or its successor, the 
 Horseshoe pike, were the Buck, Cross Keys (changed to 
 Washington), Olive Branch, Spread Eagle (Rockville), 
 Leopard; Bull's Head (afterwards General Wayne), Black 
 Horse, Rising Sun, Red Lion. From 1792 to 1800 there 
 was a tavern kept in the house where Gen. Matthew Stanley 
 long resided. The " Brick" was opened in 1807, and was 
 the first brick buildin<^ erected in that section of the county. 
 On the Lancaster turnpike were (among others) the 
 Spread Eagle, Spring House, Bear, Paoli, Green Tree, 
 Warren, General Wayne, Steamboat, Sheaf of Wheat, Ship, 
 General Washington, Swan, Prussian Eagle, Midway, States' 
 Arms, Rainbow, Washington, Black Horse, Cross Keys. 
 The " Ship" was originally west of Downingtown, at a point 
 where the old Lancaster road and the more modern Lan- 
 caster turnpike occupied the same ground. The sign, after 
 this house ceased to be kept as a tavern, was taken to the 
 new house of the same name on the turnpike in West 
 Whiteland. The " Ship" tavern was one of the oldest 
 as well as most noted public-houses in the county, being 
 much frequented by persons on public business. During 
 the Revolution the host remained loyal to the crown, and 
 on one occasion some Continentals, not liking the usage 
 they had received of him, deliberately shot thirteen bullets 
 through the eflfigy of the ship, and the old sign carried the 
 marks as long as it swung at the old stand or at the new 
 one in West Whiteland. 
 
 The Downing hotel, or " stage-office," the name it was 
 
 generally known' by, was at the east end of the village of 
 Downingtown, and for many years a. noted stopping-place. 
 Its swinging sign bore the efiigy of Washington and a 
 civilian standing side by side. Here Presidents, gover- 
 nors, supreme judges, and all kinds of dignitaries ate and 
 slept. It was kept by Hunt. Downing until 1816, by Wil- 
 liam Frame and Jesse Evans until 1827, and by Isaac 
 Downing until 1836. 
 
 On the Strasburg road there were the Sheaf of Wheat, 
 Black Horse, Centre House (Marshallton), General Wayne, 
 Golden Eagle (Worth's), White Horse (Young's), Dravo 
 (Humphreyville), Fountain Inn (Parkesburg), Swan. 
 
 About the beginning of the present century there was a 
 house, known as the " Peggy Baun Inn," at the foot of the 
 hill on the Strasburg road as you leave Youngsburg, in Bast 
 Fallowfield township, going east. It is still standing in a 
 somewhat dilapidated condition, but not used as a public- 
 house. According to tradition, the origin of the name of 
 this house was on this wise : A son of Erin opened for the 
 mutual benefit of the public and himself this wayside inn. 
 When the sign came to be painted, which, by the way, was 
 a most important part of the 'tavern in those days, the pro- 
 prietor had the artist portray the imaginary lineaments of 
 the former's sweetheart, Peggy Bann, whom he had left 
 in Ireland. Afterwards the name of the house was changed 
 to that of the " Three Stripes," and the new sign painted over 
 the other. It was remarked by the residents of the neigh- 
 borhood for many years subsequently that no matter how 
 well the sign was kept painted the lineaments of Peggy 
 would still peep through the stripes. It was kept for some 
 years by James and Robert Young ; but the latter erected 
 a new public-house a short distance west of it prior to 
 1820, and the old house was no longer used as a place 
 whereat to cheer man and beast. 
 
 Among other public-houses were the Anvil, Unicorn, 
 and Plow, in Kennet; Hammer and Trowel, in New Gar- 
 den ; Half- Way House (now Chatham) and White Horse, 
 in Londongrove ; Stage and Leopard, in Kasttown ; Buck, 
 in Coventry ; Lamb, in Wallace ; Gum Tree, Sorrel Horse 
 (formerly Spinning-Wheel), and Mason's Arms, in West 
 Fallowfield ; General Greene, Boot, and Three Tun?, in East 
 Goshen; Cross Keys and Fox Chase and Drove, in East 
 Marlborough ; Globe, in West Nottingham ; Rising Sun, 
 Washington, and Yellow Springs, in West Pikeland ; Bull, 
 Fountain Inn, Valley Forge, General Pike, and General La- 
 fayette, in Schuylkill ; Red Lion and Eagle, in Uwuhlan; 
 Seven Stars, Captain Lawrence, and I'oplar Tree, in Vincent ; 
 Indian King and Grove, in West Whiteland; Dolphin 
 (now Dilworthstown) in Birmingham ; White Horse and 
 William Penn, in Willistown ; and Eel's Foot, in East 
 Bradford, near Jefferis' Ford. In West Chester were the 
 Turk's Head, Washington, Cross Keys (afterwards White 
 Hall), Black Bear, Green Tree, Eagle, and Traveler's Rest 
 (afterwards the Star). The present Mansion House was 
 originally called the Chester County Hotel. The name 
 was not improved by the change. 
 
 In 1830 the population of the county was 50,910, and 
 the number of licensed houses was 146. In 1880 the pop- 
 ulation was 83,302, and the number of licenses granted to 
 hotels was 58, and to eating-houses 23. 
 
420 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES OP OHESTEE COUNTY. 
 
 The early settlers, in giving names to localities, very 
 generally adopted those with which they were familiar in 
 the Old World. This served to remind them of home, and 
 their adoption was natural. As a result, almost the entire 
 geography of the county is English. When William Penn 
 landed at Upland he asked his friend Pearson, " What wilt 
 thou that I should call this place?" Pearson replied, 
 " Chester, in remembrance of the city from whence I came." 
 The name Upland should have been retained, but the home- 
 feeling prevailed, and the name " Chester" — now so dear 
 to the heart of every one who can claim our ancient baili- 
 wick as his birthplace — was adopted. 
 
 No one seems to have thought of retaining the names 
 given by the Indians as a rule, and hence the map of Ches- 
 ter County contains very few aboriginal names. The list 
 appears to comprise but three names, — Octorara, the mean- 
 ing of which is unknown ; Pocopson, which signifies brawl- 
 ing or rapid stream ; and Toughkenamon, signifying Fire- 
 Brand Hill. Of the streams, the Indian names borne by 
 many of them, besides the Octorara and Pocopson, are 
 given on ancient maps ; thus- the Christina was called Min- 
 quas ; the Elk, Sickpeekon ; White Clay Creek, Swapeck- 
 sisko ; Red Clay Creek, Hwiskakimensi ; Chester Creek, 
 Mecoponacka ; Darby Creek, Mohorhootink ; and the 
 French Creek, Sankanac. Of Crura, Ridley, and Picker- 
 ing we have not the Indian names. 
 
 The Indian name of the Brandywine below the forks is 
 not certainly known. It is spoken of by tradition as both 
 Suspecough and Wawassan. One of the branches of it was 
 called by the Indians Chichokatas, as is shown in a deed 
 from James Harlan to James Gibbons, dated 4th month 7, 
 1731, for 500 acres of land, described as " lying and being 
 upon a branch of Brandywine called Chichokatas," on 
 which he (Harlan) then lived, in or near Nantmeal. On 
 old maps the Brandywine is called Fish Kihl (Swedish) 
 and Branwin's Creek. The Brandywine has been gener- 
 ally supposed to have derived its name in consequence of 
 the reported loss of a Dutch vessel on its loWer waters laden 
 with brandy, — in the Dutch language, brand-wijn, — and 
 historians have generally, if not universally, given this ver- 
 sion. This, however, is shown by recent investigation to 
 be a mistake. It most probably derived its name from one 
 Andrew Braindwine, who at an early day owned lands near 
 its mouth. It was very common in the olden time in the 
 lower counties, as they were called (now the State of Dela- 
 ware), to name streams after the dwellers upon their banks. 
 This creek is shown by the old records to have been known 
 as the Fishkill until the grant of land to Andrew Braind- 
 wine in 1670, immediately after which it is referred to on 
 the records as Braindwine's kill, or creek, and the name 
 was eventually corrupted into its present form of Brandy- 
 wine. 
 
 THE INDIANS. 
 
 The Indian tribes inhabiting what is now Chester County 
 were, when the country was first settled, known collec- 
 tively as the Lenni Lenape, but were generally called by 
 the settlers the Delawares. They lived in small tribes, 
 generally occupying the tributaries of the Delaware, and 
 each tribe was frequently known to the settlers by the 
 
 name of the stream it occupied. The tribe which occu- 
 pied the region drained by the Brandywine was known as 
 the Nanticoke. 
 
 These tribes had each their own sachem or king. The 
 name Lenni Lsnape signifies " original people," a race un- 
 mixed and unchanged. The word Lenape is properly pro- 
 nounced in three syllables, Len-a-pe. When the name of 
 " Delawares" was first applied to them, they thought it was 
 given in derision ; but were reconciled to it on being told 
 that it was the name of a great white chief. Lord De la 
 Warr. As they were fond of being named after distin- 
 guished men, they were rather pleased, considering it as a 
 compliment. 
 
 They were more thickly settled in some portions of the 
 county than others. Along the Great Valley, and in the 
 region of Pequea, Lancaster Co., they were numerous ; 
 in other parts of the county they were more evenly distrib- 
 uted, except west of White* Clay Creek, where they are 
 said to have been rather sparse. Their wigwams were 
 generally clustered five or six in a place, on the south sides 
 of the hills, and near springs of water. Some of these clus- 
 ters were of considerable size, and known as Indian towas 
 or villages. There were a considerable number of these in 
 the county; one of them stood on the farm late of John 
 R. Kinsey, deceased, in Upper Oxford township, and an- 
 other in London Britain township, near the Baptist 
 church. Their usual employments were hunting, fishing, 
 manufacturing baskets, and cultivating small patches of 
 Indian corn. They had paths leading from point to point, 
 some of which afterwards became public roads for the set- 
 tlers. One of these paths, extensively traversed, led from 
 Pequea, where they had a large settlement, to the head- 
 waters of the Chesapeake Bay. It ran on the ridge divid- 
 ing the waters which flow into the Delaware from those 
 which flow into the Susquehanna, and in its whole course 
 did not cross a single stream of water. The path is now 
 what is known as the Limestone road, running from the 
 Pequea Valley through the townships of Sadsbury, High- 
 land, West Fallowfield, Upper and Lower Oxford, and 
 East Nottingham, and into Cecil County, Md. There is no 
 record in the county offices of this road, and it is supposed 
 never to have been laid out by authority of law, but to 
 exist by prescription. It has been called the Limestone 
 road for a long period of time, and is mentioned in the 
 public records by that name as an existing public road as 
 early as the year 1731. It passed by a fine spring a mile 
 east of the village of Rising Sun, in Maryland, which was 
 used as a camping-ground in their journey. Here William 
 Brown felled the first tree in settling Nottingham. 
 
 They had also a village or town, consisting of about 
 thirty wigwams, near two fine springs at what is called In- 
 diantown, in Wallace township. They had abandoned to 
 some extent nomadic habits, raised some corn and tobacco, 
 and planted fruit-trees. Their principal subsistence, how- 
 ever, was obtained by hunting and the catching of fish, 
 which were abundant in the Indian Run and the Brandy- 
 wine. When Daniel and Alexander Henderson purchased 
 the land, in 1733, on which the town and burial-ground of 
 the natives were placed, they promised them that the latter 
 should never be disturbed. This promise was faithfully 
 
THE INDIANS. 
 
 421 
 
 kept by them and their children. It ia now part of a cul- 
 tivated field. This graveyard occupied a little more than a 
 quarter of an acre, and contained about one hundred 
 graves. These Indians removed shortly after Braddock's 
 defeat, when the feeling against the natives was bitter, to 
 what is now Crawford or Mercer County, in this State. 
 
 About the year 1697 — fifteen years after the arrival of 
 William Penn — a tribe of the Shawnese, or Shawaneso, 
 came from the southward, and desired leave of the Cones- 
 togoe Indians, and of Governor Markham, to settle on 
 Pequea Creek, which was granted, the Conestogoe Indians 
 becoming security for their good behavior. These Shaw- 
 nese, or Shawanese, Indians extended their settlements 
 within the present limits of Chester County. They had a 
 large town about where the village of Doe Hun now stands, 
 where seems to have been the council-house of the nation ; 
 and they also settled in considerable numbers in the neigh- 
 borhood of Steeleville, on the Octorara Creek. 
 
 The Indian chiefs frequently visited Philadelphia, on 
 which occasions they were always entertained, presents made 
 to them, and they were provided for during their stay, and 
 on their journey home. 
 
 They generally brought presents with them, consisting 
 chiefly of skins and furs ; in return for which the authori- 
 ties gave them goods suitable for their use. The following 
 account from the colonial records of such an exchange made 
 with Shekokonickan, a chief of the Indians on Brandywine, 
 and others on a visit to Philadelphia, will serve as a speci- 
 men : 
 
 "The Treasurer and Secretary were ordered to take an account of 
 the real Talue of their present.', and to provide some English goods 
 exceeding that value, by about one-fourth or a third part at most, 
 and then the Council adjourned to the afternoon," " Post Merediem. 
 The skins delivered by ihe Indians in the morning, having been num- 
 bered and weighed as ordered, they were found to be thirty-eight 
 summer deer skins, one good buck in the hair, two bear skins — total 
 value, eight pounds, six shillings. What is prepared and now de- 
 livered them in exchange, are eight Stroud-water coats of the best 
 sort, ten pounds of lead, six pairs stockings, one dozen tobacco boxes, 
 one dozen tobacco tongs, twelve pounds tobacco, three dozen pipes, 
 and one red Stroud to the Queen — total value, ten pounds and twelve 
 shillings." 
 
 A tribe of Indians, known as the Okehockings, were 
 originally seated near Ridley and Crura Creeks, within the 
 present limits of Delaware County. About 1701 they were 
 removed, by direction of William Penn, to another tract 
 higher up on Ridley Creek, which had been granted to 
 Griffith Jones, but given up by him. 
 
 The following entry occurs on the minutes of the com- 
 missioners of property, under date of the 7th and 8th of 
 10th month (December), 1702, viz. : 
 
 "TheOcltanickon or Crum Creek Indians, having removed from 
 their old habitations before the Proprietarys departure, by his order 
 seated by Caleb Pusey, Nicholas Pyle, Nathaniel Newlin, and Jos 
 Baker, on the tract in Chester County formerly laid oat to GHffy Jones 
 but now vacant. 
 
 "But the said Indians expressing great uneasiness at the uncer- 
 tainty of their settlements, pressed, and several times urged the neigh- 
 boring Friends, that they might be confirmed in some particular place 
 under certain metes and bounds, that they might no more be like 
 dogs, as they expressed themselves." 
 
 The following warrant of survey was accordingly issued 
 to the surveyor of Chester County : 
 
 " By the Commissiosers or Property." 
 
 {-■I 
 
 " VK/;ftreo«, Pokias, Sepopawny, Muttagooppaandothers, of ye nation 
 called Okehocking Indians in Chester county, with their families, upon 
 their removal from their lute settlements near Ridley and Crum 
 Creeks, have by the Proprietor's order and appointment, been seated 
 on another certain tract in ye said county, and on the said Ridley 
 creek, neare ye head thereof, formerly surveyed to Griffith Jones, but 
 by him lift and acquitted, and now belonging to ye Proprietary; in 
 which place the said Indians request we would grant them a certain 
 settlement, under sure metes and bounds, to them and their posterity, 
 in pursuance of the Proprietors engagement in that case, made before 
 his departure, who granted them, as 'tis credibly affirmed to us, five 
 hundred acres in ye said place. These, thenfore, are in pursuance of 
 the said grant, to authorize and require thee to survey and lay out to 
 the said Pokhais, Se])opawney, Muttagonppa and others of ye said 
 nation, called ye Okekocking Indians, who were lately seated lower on 
 ye said creeks, and their relations, and to no other whatsoever, the full 
 quantity of five hundred acres of land in one square tract, in such 
 place within the aforesaid tract, as the said Indians shall desire; 
 which said five hundred acres, we do hereby grant to the said Pokhais, 
 Sepopawncy, Muttagooppa, and others of the said nation called tlie 
 Okekocking Indians, who were lately seated as aforesaid, and to 
 their relations, and to no other whatsoever; to take and to hold, to 
 them, the said Indians for settlempnt, and to their posterity of the 
 same nation of Indians (and no other) forever; Provided, always, 
 that the said Indian?, nor any of them, shall not give, grant, or at- 
 tempt to sell, or anyway dispose of any of the said five hundred acres 
 of land hereby granted, to any person whatsoever; but at such time 
 as the said Indians shall quit or leave the said place, it shall be sur- 
 rendered to ye Proprietary without any further claim of the said In- 
 dians, or any person whatsoever, by or under them their title or pro- 
 curements ; and make returns into the General-Surveyor's office. 
 Given under our hands, and the seal of the Province, at Philadelphia, 
 the 15th of ye 10th mo., 1702. 
 " To Isaac Taylor, ^ 
 
 " Surveyor of the Co. of Chester. 
 
 " Edward Shippen, 
 " Griffith Owen, 
 " Thos. Story, 
 " Jas. Logan." 
 
 In pursuance of this warrant a tract of 500 acres was 
 surveyed for their use in the southern part of the township 
 of Willistown, on the east side of Ridley Creek. The 
 Indians occupied it for a number of years, how long has 
 notbeen ascertained, but they had all left it and removed 
 beyond the limits of the county some time previous to the 
 year 1737. According to the terms of the grant the lands, 
 on the Indians quitting them, returned to the proprietary. 
 
 On the 1st of August, 1737, the proprietary issued a 
 warrant for the whole 500 acres to Amos Yarnall and Mor- 
 decai Yarnall. These purchasers made a division of the 
 tract, Amos Yarnall taking 196 acres and allowance of the 
 eastern and southern part, and Mordecai Yarnall the re- 
 mainder, about 276 acres and allowance. The surveys were 
 returned to the secretary's office, and patents granted to 
 them for their respective portions by Thomas Penn, on the 
 29th of January, 1738. 
 
 Drafts were made of the division between Amos and 
 Mordecai Yarnall. The draft of Amos Yarnall's portion 
 has upon it this indorsement : 
 
 "A draft of Amos Yarnall's part of a tract of land situate in Willis- 
 town, in the county of Chester reserved by the late Commissioners of 
 Property, for the use of certain Indian natives and their children so 
 long as they should continue to dwell on the same : but they having now 
 long since left and entirely deserted it, the whole tract was, by war- 
 rant from the Proprietaries, dated the Gr.-t day of August, in the year 
 
422 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 1737, granted to Amos and Mordecai Yarnall, who having divided the 
 same betwixt thera , a return of this tract in pursuance of the warrant 
 aforesaid, was made into the Secretaries office, on the 24th day of Jan- 
 uary, in the year 1738, in order that the same may be confirmed by 
 
 Patent to the said Amos Yarnail. 
 
 "Benj. Easteurn, 
 
 " Stirveyor- General." 
 
 The draft of Mordecai Yarnall's portion contains a sim- 
 ilar indorsement. 
 
 On the drafts of surrounding grants this tract is called 
 " The Indians' Lands." As already observed, it was situated 
 in the southern part of Willistown township. It is difficult 
 to describe its exact location so as to be intelligible to the 
 reader. A reference, however, to the map of Chester 
 County, with the following explanation, may serve to give 
 an idea of its boundaries. 
 
 The northwest corner was in or near Ridley Creek, be- 
 tween the paper-mills of John B. Duckett and of Casper 
 S. and Harvey S. Garrett, and near the Garrett homestead ; 
 the west line ran in a southeast course, crossing and recross- 
 ing the creek, and passing near Albin Garrett's saw-mill ; 
 the southwest corner was a little south of the West Chester 
 and Philadelphia road ; the northeast corner was about one- 
 third of a mile south of Willistown Friends' meeting-house, 
 and the southeast corner about half a mile north of the 
 William Penn tavern, and near the road leading from the 
 William Penn to Willistown Friends' meeting-house. 
 
 A point on the property of Albin Garrett, known as the 
 " Indian orchard," no doubt marks the spot where the 
 Indians had their wigwams or cabins. It is about one 
 acre in extent, and entirely free of timber, although nearly 
 surrounded by woods. It was doubtless cleared by the 
 Indians. 
 
 The Indians, after the sale of their lands, continued to 
 occupy them until needed by the settlers, and gradually 
 abandoned them as the whites advanced and took possession. 
 Considerable numbers, however, remained in the county, 
 inhabiting the woods and unoccupied places, until the 
 breaking out of the French and English war, in 1755, 
 about which time they generally removed beyond the limits 
 of the county, and took up their abode in the valleys of 
 the Wyoming and Wyalusing, on the Susquehanna. At 
 the making of the treaty of St. Mary's, in 1820, there 
 were present some chiefs of the Nanticokes, one of whom, 
 who had withstood the storms of ninety winters, told the 
 commissioners that he and his people had once roamed 
 through their own domains along the Brandywine. 
 
 After the death of William Penn the Indians never 
 found in any who filled his station that steadfast friend 
 which he had always proved, yet the protection of the law 
 was generally enjoyed by them, and the whites who pre- 
 sumed to injure them were punished. 
 
 The Indians heretofore spoken of were those known as 
 the Lenni Lenapes, or Delawares, the occupiers of the 
 soil at and after the settlement by the white races. Besides 
 these there was another confederation of Indian tribes, 
 known originally as the Five Nations, whose domain ex- 
 tended from the borders of Vermont to Lake Erie, and 
 from Lake Ontario to the head-waters of the Alleghany, 
 Susquehanna, and Delaware Rivers. These Five Nations 
 called themselves the Aquanuschioni, or united people ; by 
 
 the Lenni Lenapes they were called the Mengwe, or Mingoes, 
 and by the French, the Iroquois. The nations composing 
 this confederation were the Onondagas, Cayugas, Oneidas, 
 Senecas, and Mohawks. In the year 1712 the Tuscaroras, 
 being expelled from North Carolina, were adopted as a sixth 
 nation, and thenceforward the confederation was known as 
 the Six Nations. 
 
 They were distinguished for their height, strength, and 
 symmetry of person ; were brave, but ferocious and cruel 
 when excited in savage warfare. In eloquence, in dignity, 
 and in profound policy, their speakers might well bear com- 
 parison with the statesmen of civilized assemblies. 
 
 The Five Nations had at some period in the past con- 
 quered the Lenni Lenapes, reduced them to a state of vas- 
 salage, and exacted from them an acknowledgment of fealty, 
 which excluded them from engaging in war, and they occu- 
 pied their former hunting-grounds by permission from their 
 conquerors. They were in this condition when the shores 
 of the Delaware were first visited by Europeans. 
 
 The Lenni Lenapes alleged that by treatiy and voluntary 
 consent they had agreed to act as mediators and peace- 
 makers among the great nations, and to that end they had 
 consented to lay aside the implements of war, and to hold 
 and keep bright the chain of peace. 
 
 The Five Nations, on the other hand, alleged that the 
 Lenni Lenapes had been conquered by their arms, and were 
 compelled to this humiliating position as the only means of 
 averting impending destruction. 
 
 The Lenni Lenapes, although the permanent occupiers 
 of the soil on the shores of the Delaware and its tributa- 
 ries, were frequently subjected to the intrusion of parties 
 of the Five Nations, who occupied portions of the Lenapc 
 country as their occasions required. The Minquas, whose 
 name was borne by the Christina River, were among the 
 warlike tribes that most frequently visited the Delaware 
 for trade. These Indians, as a tribe, belonged to the Five 
 Nations. They resided npon the Conestoga, but their 
 visits to the Delaware for purposes of trade or to fish were 
 frequent. 
 
 It will thus bo seen that the early settlers on the Dela- 
 ware had two classes of Indians very different in character 
 to deal with, the one a constant inhabitant of the country, 
 whose presence was familiar to them and caused no uneasi- 
 ness, the other an occasional visitor, whose stay among 
 them, when the object of it was not well understood, ex- 
 cited apprehensions for their safety. 
 
 This peculiar relation between the Lenni Lenapes that 
 occupied the soil and the Five Nations, who claimed juris- 
 diction over it, tended greatly to embarrass and complicate 
 the negotiations of the proprietary government for the pur- 
 chase of lands. 
 
 The Indians with whom the treaty was made under the 
 elm-tree at Shackamaxon, soon after the arrival of William 
 Penn, were the Lenni Lenapes. In 1701, Penn also met in 
 council the chiefs of the Five Nations, with those from the 
 Susquehanna and the Potomac and the Shawanese chiefs, 
 and formed a treaty of peace with them. Regulations 
 were also adopted to govern their trade, and former pur- 
 chases of land were confirmed. Treaties were subsequently 
 frequently made with them. 
 
SLAVERY. 
 
 423 
 
 At a treaty held at Pliiladelphia in July, 1742, Cana- 
 patcgo, a chief of the Onondagas, tlius reprimanded and 
 taunted the Delawares, who were present, for continuing on 
 lands they had sold : 
 
 " We conquered you j we made woinen of you ; you know you are 
 tcomen and can no more sell land than looineu." 
 
 In the course of time the Delawares were enabled to 
 throw off the galling yoke impose^ on them by their con- 
 querors, and at a treaty made in 1756 Teedyuscung, their 
 chief, extorted from the chiefs of the Six Nations an ac- 
 knowledgment of their independence. 
 
 The last of the Lcnni Lenapes resident in Chester 
 County was " Indian Hannah," as she was usually called. 
 The circumstance of her being for many years the sole sur- 
 vivor of her people (in this section of country) entitles 
 her to a notice which the merit of her character alone 
 would not have procured. She was one of a family that 
 called themselves Freeman, and inhabited for a number of 
 years one of a small cluster of wigwams near the Anvil 
 tavern, in Kennet township. After the death of her rela- 
 tives she went and dwelt in a log house near the present 
 Northbrook Station on the Wilmington and Reading Rail- 
 road, on the lands of Humphry Marshall, or, as she con- 
 sidered it, on her own land, it being on the one- mile reser- 
 vation on the Brandywine. During the summer she 
 traveled much through different parts of the county, visit- 
 ing those who would receive her with kindness, and selling 
 her baskets. As she grew old she quitted her wigwam and 
 dwelt in friendly families. At length she became a public 
 charge on the township, and on the opening of the Chester 
 County poor-house, in November, 1800, she was taken to 
 that institution, the only pauper from Newlin township. 
 She died March 20, 1802, at the age of seventy-one years. 
 
 SLAVEKT. 
 
 Slavery existed in Pennsylvania from a very early period, 
 and appears to have been first introduced by the Dutch 
 and Swedes, prior to the granting, of the province to Wil- 
 liam Penn. As early, however, as 1712 an effort was made 
 to restrain its increase by the passing of an act by the col- 
 onial Assembly to prevent the further importation of negroes 
 into the province. This law, however, from commercial 
 considerations, and regardless of the dictates of humanity 
 or the best interests of the province, was subsequently re- 
 pealed by the home government, which had a veto upon the 
 acts of the colonial Assembly. Some years subsequently 
 another act was passed, imposing a prohibitory duty on 
 their introduction, but this also was repealed by the Crown. 
 England at that time pursued the traffic in negroes with 
 eager avarice. Those imported into Pennsylvania were 
 chiefly from the West Indies, as it was found that in trans- 
 porting negroes from Africa directly to the more northern 
 provinces, their health suffered more than when gradually 
 acclimated by being taken first to the West Indies and 
 thence farther north. The price of an imported negro 
 man about the middle of the last century was £40, Penn- 
 sylvania currency, and from that upwards to £100. 
 
 The Society of Friends took early action against the in- 
 stitution of _slavery.* In 1696 the members were advised 
 
 * In 1888 the Germantown, Pa., Friends protested against slavery, 
 and gave their reasons for being "against the traffick of men-body." 
 
 by the Yearly Meeting " not to encourage the bringing in 
 any more negroes,'' and it also gave wholesome advice in 
 respect to their moral training. In 1711 the Quarterly 
 Meeting of Chester declared " their dissatisfaction with 
 Friends buying and encouraging the bringing in of negroes," 
 and in 1715 " that Friends should not be concerned here- 
 after in the importation thereof, nor buy any." In 1730 
 the same meeting adopted a minute that cautioned Friends 
 " against purchasing imported negroes, it being disagreeable 
 to the sense of the meeting, and that such as are likely to 
 be found in the practice be cautioned how they offend 
 therein," and in 1761 a member was dealt with for having 
 bought and sold a negro ; but, having made the proper 
 acknowledgment, was not disowned. The subject, from 
 this time onwards, appears to have frequently engaged the 
 attention of the society, and constant and successful efforts 
 were made to induce members to liberate them or to agree 
 to do so at a certain age, although the simple holding of 
 slaves was not considered a sufficient cause for djsownment 
 until 1777. 
 
 In 1780, the force of public opinion against the institu- 
 tion — chiefly brought about by the action of the Society of 
 Friends — was such, that on the 1st of March of that year 
 an act of Assembly was passed for its gradual abolition. 
 This law provided for the registration in the ofiice of the 
 clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions of each county, prior 
 to the 1st day of November of that year, of all persons 
 held as slaves for life, or until the age of thirty-one years, 
 in accordance with existing laws, and declared that all such 
 should continue to be slaves; but that all persons boru 
 after that date should be free, except the children born of 
 such registered slaves, who should be servants until they 
 attained the age of twenty- eight years. A subsequent law 
 provided for the registration of all children born of slaves 
 within six months after their birth, and only the children 
 thus\ registered continued to be servants until the age of 
 twenty-eight years. 
 
 In accordance with these laws, a careful registry was 
 made in the office of the clerk of the Court of Quarter 
 Sessions in Chester County, in a book provided for that 
 purpose, of the name, age, sex, and time of service of each 
 person held as a slave, and also of the name of the owner 
 and the township where he or she resided. In order to 
 show the manner in which this registry was made, the fol- 
 lowing entries taken therefrom are given : 
 
 life. 
 
 life. 
 
 ' Thomas Potts, of Coventry township, returns : 
 
 ' 1. A negro man named Cudge, aged fifty-eight years, a slave for 
 
 ' 2. A negro man named Ben, aged twenty-four years, a slave for 
 
 I. 
 
 '3. A negro boy named Peter, aged seventeen years, a slave for 
 
 life. 
 
 " 4. A negro child named George, aged nine months, a slave for life. 
 " 5. A negro woman named Moll, aged thirty-four years, a slave 
 
 for life. 
 
 " 6. A negro woman named Sail, aged nineteen years, a slave for 
 
 life. 
 
 " Evans Evans, of London Britain township, returns : 
 
 But neither the Monthly Meeting at Dublin, the Quarterly Meeting 
 at Philadelphia, nor the Yearly Meeting at Burlington (to whom in 
 succession the matter was referred that year), came to any determi- 
 na.tion in the ease. 
 
424 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 " 1. A negro woman named Rnohel, aged thirty-eight years, a slave 
 fur life. 
 
 " 2. A mulatto boy named Csesar, aged sixteen years, a slave for 
 life. 
 
 " 3. A negro girl named Sue, aged thirteen years, a slave for life. 
 
 "4. A negro boy named Samp, aged nine years, a slave for life. 
 
 " 5. A negro boy named Frank, aged seven years, a slave for life. 
 
 " 6. A mulatto female child named Sal, aged four years, a slave for 
 life. 
 
 " Abel Hodgson, of East Nottingham, returns : 
 
 " 1. An Indian servant man till he attains the age of thirty-one 
 , years, named Jam, aged twenty-eight years. 
 
 "2. An Indiun girl named Sarah, aged twenty-four years, a slave 
 for life. 
 
 " 3. A negro man named Cassar, nged twenty-five years, a slave for 
 life. 
 
 " Samuel Futhey, of West Fallowfield township, returns : 
 
 "1. A mulatto woman named Jince, aged twenty years, a slave 
 for life. 
 
 "2. A mulatto girl named Dinah, aged one year and nine months, 
 a slave for life. 
 
 " 3. A mulatto girl named Sail, a slave until she attains the ago of 
 thirty-one years." 
 
 We have made au analysis of this registry and deduced 
 therefrom the following facts : The total number of slaves 
 registered was 495, of whom 472 were slaves for life, 
 and 23 until the age of thirty-one years. Of the whole 
 number, 410 were negroes, 83 mulattoes, and 2 were regis- 
 tered as Indians. Of those held for life, 243 were males 
 and 229 females ; and of those held for years, 13 were males 
 and 10 females. Of the whole number, 207 were over the 
 age of eighteen years, and 288 were under that age. The 
 oldest male slave registered was George, aged seventy-five 
 years, belonging to William Moore, of Charlestown (now 
 Schuylkill) township, and the oldest female slave was 
 Nanny, aged seventy-eight years, belonging to John Evans, 
 of London Britain. The youngest registered was Tom, 
 aged one month, belonging to John Bowen, of Goshen. 
 Thirteen were of the age of sixty years and upwards, and 
 9 were under one year of age. The greatest number held 
 by one person was by William Moore, who returned 10 
 slaves for life. Each slave was registered as having but 
 one name, except eleven who were honored with surnames. 
 
 As at that time Chester County included the present 
 Delaware County, this registry embraces the slaves in the 
 entire territory. There were 205 slave-holders who made 
 returns, of whom 140 resided within the present limits of 
 Chester County, and returned 335 out of a total of 495 
 slaves. 
 
 It is not to be supposed that no greater number of slaves 
 than those registered was held in the county. The mem- 
 bers of the Society of Friends had a short time before gen- 
 erally liberated all their slaves, and some other persons not 
 members had followed their example. It also appears that 
 but few of those advanced in years were returned, and 
 doubtless others, intended soon to be emancipated, were 
 omitted from the registry. 
 
 It is not known when slavery ceased to exist in Chester 
 County by the death of the last slave, but it must have 
 been many years since, as none were slaves for life who 
 were born after March 1, 1780. 
 
 In addition to the registry of those who were slaves for 
 life, a record was also made, from time to time, of the chil- 
 dren of such slaves born after the passage of the act, and 
 
 who by its provisions were servants until the age of twenty- 
 eight years. The number of these was 85, of whom 47 
 were males and 38 females. The last return made was by 
 Rev. Levi Bull, of East Nantmeal (afterwards Warwick), 
 who returned his negro boy, Andrew, born Dec. 23, 1820. 
 
 In inventories of the estate of deceased persons, made 
 while slavery was in existence in Chester County, we fre- 
 quently find slaves appraised as chattels, in accordance with 
 their value in the market, and they were also the subjects 
 of bequests in wills. 
 
 In 1780, in the townships of Birmingham, East Brad- 
 ford, West Bradford, East Marlborough, Newlin, Penns- 
 bury, and Vincent, there were no slaves, or at least none 
 were returned for registration. 
 
 The following table gives the names of the townships as 
 they then existed in the present county of Chester, with 
 the names of those who returned slaves for registry, and the 
 number returned by each : 
 
 Birmiugliam. — No returns. 
 
 East Bradford.- — No returns. 
 
 West Bradford. — No returns. 
 
 Coventry. — Thomas Potts returned si.ic, and Rebecca Grace three 
 slaves. 
 
 Chftrleaiown, — Benjamin Thomas, one; Patrick Anderson, one; 
 Llewellyn Davis, oncj William Bodley, two; AVilliam Moore, 
 Esq., ten; Alexander McCalla, one; George Mcllhenny, two; 
 Anthony Pritchard, four; John Humphrey, one; and Ellas 
 Brown, one. 
 
 East Cain. — William Allison, three; David Gill, one. 
 
 West Cain. — Herman Skiles, one; Gilbert Gibbs, two; Elizabeth 
 Wallace, two. 
 
 EaattoiBii. — Gen. Anthony Wayne, one. 
 
 East Fallowfield. — Caleb Phipps, five ; John Tc les, two. 
 
 West Fallowfield. — Samuel Futhey, three ; John Bell, eight; Andrew 
 Gibson, one. 
 
 Goshen. — John Bowen, five; Mary Garrett, three; Josiah Haines,, 
 one; Dr. Joseph Moore, three; Plannah Moore, one. 
 
 Neio Garden. — Andrew Mclntire, one. 
 
 Kennet. — Joseph Shippen, Jr., three. 
 
 New London. — Alexander Morrison, five; George Campbell, one; 
 John Mackey, one; John Smith, one; John Menough, one; 
 James Reed, three; William Reed, two ; Mary Kelso, one; Ar- 
 thur MoCIure, two; Alexander Johnston, one; John McDowell, 
 two; Robert Correy, three; David Correy, three; Catharine 
 Kelso, one; William Shearer, three. 
 
 London Britain, — John Evans, nine; Evan Evans, six; John Whit- 
 ting, two; Thomas Lunn, two. 
 
 Londonderry. — Thomas Strawbridge, three; Joseph Str,awbridgo, one; 
 Frances Blair, two; Joseph Hutchinson, one; Montgomery 
 Kennedy, two; Daniel Jones, five; John Finney, one; John F. 
 McCIenachan, one ; James Boyd, four. 
 
 Londongrnve. — David Wiley, three; John Ross, one. 
 
 West MarlOurottffh. — James Hannum, two. 
 
 E'ist Marlliorongh. — No returns. 
 
 Newlin. — No returns. 
 
 East Nantmeal. — Thomas Bull, two; Richard Tenplin, one; Hugh 
 Williams, one; William St.irrett, three; James Henderson, one- 
 Branson Vanleer, five; John Nice, one. 
 
 West Nantmeal. — James Moore, five; James Graham, five; James 
 McCamant, one; Joseph J)arlington, two; Peter Hunter, two ■ 
 James Hanna, one; Mordeoai Piersol, one ; Moses Trego, one; 
 James Graham, one. 
 
 East Nottingham.— 3ohn Power, one; Philip Tanner, two; Lydia 
 Sidwell, one; David Wherry, two; James Wilson, one; Matthew 
 Henderson, one; John McBeth, one; Thomas Mafi'ett, three; 
 John Cuthbert, three; Patrick Power, eight; Abel Hodgson, 
 three. 
 
 West Nuttingham.—\i\\\ia.m Polk, three; David Moore, one; Eliza- 
 beth Smith, one; heirs of Margaret Smith, one. 
 
 Oj/o;rf.— Walter Hood, five; Margaret Hayes, one; James McDow- 
 
THE CHESTER COUNTY COLONIZATION SOCIETY. 
 
 425 
 
 ell, five; Job Ruston, ten; David Hayes, two; William Starrett, 
 one ; William Pinkerton, two ; Joseph Luckie, one ; Patrick 
 Alexander, one. 
 Pemabw-y. — No returns. 
 Pikeland. — Capt. Alexander MoCaraher, two ; Alexander MoKin- 
 
 ley, four ; heirs of Samuel Kennedy, three. 
 Sndabury, — Agnes MoPherson, one; Catharine Boyd, one; Mat- 
 thew Boyd, one ; Andrew Boyd, two ; Thomas Davis, one ; Rev. 
 William Foster, three ; Joseph Park, Esq., four. 
 Tredyffrin. — Sarah Havard, two ; Ann Havard, one ; Lewis Gronow, 
 five; John Cloyd, two ; Dr. John Davis, one; Eiohard Brittain, 
 four; John Wilson, two; Bcnj. Davis, one; David Wilson, one; 
 Col. William Dewees, one ; Thomas Walters, two ; John Williams, 
 one. 
 Thombitn/. — Thomas Cheyney, Esq., two. 
 Uwchlan. — John Evans, one; Thomas Evans, six. 
 Finceiit. — No returns. 
 East Whileland. — Peter Mather, one; Richard Richardson, five; 
 
 David Lloyd, one; Stephen Bowen, one. 
 West Whtteland. — Estate of John Jacobs, seven; William Richards, 
 
 three; James Dun woody, one. 
 Weattoim. — James Black, one. 
 Willistown, — Isaac Griffith, one. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, the following returns were 
 made by persons whose residences are not given in the 
 registration, and have not been ascertained by the writers: 
 
 Thomas May, four; John Vanlasey, four; Capt. Thomas Wiley, 
 one; George Boyd, one; Thomas Scott, one; William Steele, 
 two. 
 
 An analysis of the foregoing table shows that the largest 
 number of slaves returned for registration were from the 
 Welsh townships of Charlestown, Tredyffrin, East Nant- 
 meal, and West Nantmeal, and from the Scotch-Irish town- 
 ships of New London, Londonderry, Oxford, and East 
 Nottingham; while from the more central townships, 
 largely inhabited by members of the Society of Friends, 
 but few returns, comparatively, were made. 
 
 The township of Charlestown then included what is now 
 Schuylkill ; West Nautmeal, what is now Honeybrook and 
 Wallace; New London, what is now Franklin; London- 
 derry, what is now Peun ; East Nottingham, what is now 
 Elk ; Oxford, what is now Upper and Lower Oxford ; and 
 the borough of West Chester was then part of Goshen 
 township. 
 
 Of the children of slaves for life, registered as servants 
 until twenty-eight years of age, the following returns were 
 made from the several townships : 
 
 Charlestown, two; Coventry, one; East Fallowfield, one; West 
 Fallowfield, four; Goshen, one; East Cain, one; West Cain, five; 
 New London, nine; West Marlborough, one; Londonderry, two; 
 Oxford (Upper and Lower), twenty-three; East Nantmeal, four; 
 West Nantmeal, including Honeybrook, fourteen; London 
 Britain, one; East Nottingham, six; Londongrove, two; Sads- 
 bnry, two; Tredyffrin, three; and East Whiteland, two. 
 
 It will be noticed that Charlestown, Tredyffrin, and Lon- 
 donderry, which each returned a considerable number of 
 slaves for life, returned very few children as servants until 
 twenty-eight, and that the largest number of such children 
 returned was from the Oxfords and West Nantmeal. 
 
 " The Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition 
 of Slavery, the Relief of Free Negroes unlawfully held in 
 Bondage, and for Improving the Condition of the African 
 Race," was organized April 14, 1775. After an interval 
 of nearly nine years of inactivity the society was reorgan- 
 ized in 1784, and was incorporated by act of Assembly, 
 .54 
 
 Dec. 8, 1789, with a membership of nearly 300, including 
 many names which will ever live in history. 
 
 The following list of early members, prior to 1820, with 
 dates of election, includes such as were then, or during 
 some portion of their lives, residents of Chester County, 
 and forms a " roll of honor" second to no other in our 
 annals : 
 
 1784, John Todd, Israel Whelen, Norris Jones, Abraham Sharpless, 
 Isaac Massey, John Tolbert (Talbot ?), Isaac Lloyd, Charles 
 Dingoe; 1785, William Trimble, Jr., Richard Riley; 1786, Jona- 
 than Pugh, William West, Reeee John, Col. Francis Johnston, 
 Philip Price, Jr.; 1787, Dr. John Luther; 1788, Jacob Parke; 
 
 1789, James B. Bonsall, Henry Hale Graham, Samuel Jackson ; 
 
 1790, Richard Hill Morris, Thomas Boss, Matthias Holstein, 
 Nathaniel Newlin, Col. Absolom Baird, William Graham, James 
 Mollwain, Robert Smith, Joseph Townsend ; 1791, Joshua Pusey, 
 Jr.; 1792, Emmor Baily, Moses Marshall, Randall Malin, Jr., 
 Joseph Malin; 179.S, John Malin, Charles Dilworth, John. Tal- 
 bot; 1794, Dr. William Martin, Dr. Joseph Pierce, Caspar Wistar, 
 Isaac Taylor, Richard Strode, Cheyney Jefferis; 1795, William 
 Sharpless, Samuel Painter, Jr., Robert Frazer; 1796, William 
 Gibbons, Emmor Kimber, Enoch Lewis, George Ashbridge, Joseph 
 Hemphill, Isaac Baily, Jr., Richard Barnard, Jr., Isaac Wilson, 
 John Jefferis, Caleb Massey, Jeffrey Smedley, Titus Bennett, 
 Caleb Hoopes, Thomas Taylor, James Lindley, Henry Hoopes, 
 Robert Lamborn, Jr.; 1797, Thomas Vickers; 1799, Thomas 
 Peirce; 1800, Luke Cassin; 1801, Joseph Trimble, Jr., John 
 Meredith; 1802, Thomas Marshall; 1804, Benjamin H.Smith; 
 1809, Dr. William Price; 1810, Isaac Smedley; 1812, William 
 Wayne, Jr.; 1813, William Price, Jr.; 1814, Dr. David J.Davis; 
 
 1817, Thomas P. May, Samuel Sohaeffer, Stephen Rosseter, Mor- 
 decai Thomas, Thomas Vickers, Thomas Lewis, Joseph Cloud ; 
 
 1818, Edward H. Bonsall, Lewis Wernwag, Solomon Temple; 
 
 1819, William Kirk; 1820, Charles Miner, William H. Dilling- 
 ham. 
 
 THE CHESTER COUNTY COLONIZATION SOCIETY. 
 The " American Colonization Society" was organized 
 soon after 1816, and the " Pennsylvania Colonization So- 
 ciety" in the fall of 1826. Of the State society, Eli K. 
 Price was in 1827 one of the managers. Auxiliary 
 (county) societies were at once formed (to the number of 
 nine within a year), one of which was that of this county. 
 In December, 1827, Simeon Siegfried, of West Chester, 
 published an eight-page pamphlet, which contained the 
 " Constitution and Address of the Managers of the Chester 
 County Auxiliary Colonization Society," from which it 
 appears its officers then were : 
 
 President, Dr. William Darlington ; Vice-Presidents, Jesse Kersey, 
 Rev. Robert Graham; Secretary, Thos. Williamson; Treas- 
 urer, David Townsend; Managers, Wm.H. Dillingham, Townsend 
 Haines, Thomas S. Bell, Jonathan Jones, Gen. John W. Cuning- 
 ham, Kev. William Hodgson, Dr. Samuel McClean, George Hart- 
 man, Jr., Rev. Ebenezer Diekey, Rev. Simeon Siegfried, William 
 Everhart, Jonathan Gause. 
 
 "GEN." JAMES JACKSON. 
 A sketch of the life of this remarkable colored man, who 
 is now living in West Chester at the venerable age of 
 one hundred and three years, was prepared and published 
 by Caleb S. Cope in 1880, from which we condense the 
 following points. He was born the slave of Betsy Jacobs, 
 near Baltimore, Md., about the year 1778. His mistress 
 married Benjamin Fowler, who was so cruel to his slaves 
 that he was murdered by them, for which crime three of 
 them were hung. His second master, Benjamin Walters, 
 was as much of a tyrant as the first, and his inhuman usage 
 
426 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 was such as to cause Jackson to resolve to run away. He 
 passed through Baltimore, the next night slept in a fodder 
 barn, and the third day was arrested by a man on the road as 
 a runaway, but managed to escape from him, and at night 
 
 "GEN." JAMES JACKSON. 
 
 arrived at Port Deposit bridge, the gates of which were shut 
 and locked. The Susquehanna rolled between him and free- 
 dom. Goaded on by desperation, he scaled the gates, and 
 after a hard struggle safely landed on the opposite side. For 
 several days following he wandered, bewildered, traveling 
 through Delaware, nearly to Frenchtown. He reached 
 Newark the 31st of December, and the next day started 
 for New Garden township, Chester Co. Reaching there 
 safely, he hired to Thomas Gawthrop, and worked at wood- 
 cutting on the Toughkenamon hills. He says he was a 
 man of about thirty-five years of age when he ran away, 
 which would place it about the year 1813. One of the first 
 places he worked was at Jacob Lindley's, near where Avon- 
 dale is now located, prior to 1814. Among others, he 
 worked for Benjamin Swayne, south of the Street road ; 
 for Dr. Michener, of New Garden ; cut ship-timber in 
 " Dungeon Bottom" for Joseph Painter ; worked a short 
 time for Jesse Matlack ; carried the hod for William Hutz 
 on some of the Bolmar school buildings ; was similarly em- 
 ployed on the school-house on Barnard Street, Benjamin 
 Price's Schools, and the residence of the Everhart family. 
 About 1828 he carried hod on Ogden's row of houses on 
 New Street, and many others, after which he became one 
 of the principal wood-sawyers of the borough. In 1837 
 he commenced to work for Ezra Haines, where is now 
 Bash's store, and served his successors, George B. Town- 
 send and E. M. Hoopes, from 1858 until 1877, when he 
 retired from active life, and since has been one of the private 
 gentlemen of the borough, his step-daughter, Margaret A. 
 White, living with and faithfully caring for him. He 
 married, March 28, 1833, Frances Green, who was bought 
 from slavery when she was seven years old, afterwards 
 enticed South and sold into slavery, from which she was 
 rescued by Thaddeus Stevens and others ; she then moved 
 to West Chester, where she became acquainted with the 
 
 " General," was married, and where she died, Feb. 26, 
 1868. She was quite a noted for.tune-teller. For fear of 
 being discovered and returned to slavery, Jackson's lips 
 were closely sealed ; his most intimate friends could rarely, 
 if ever, get him to mention his earlier history, until after 
 he had availed himself of his franchise by casting his wte 
 as a citizen of the United States, when he began to realize 
 that he was " truly free." 
 
 THE UNDEEGEOUND EAILEOAD* 
 
 When the convention to frame the Constitution of the 
 United States met in Pliiladelphia in May, 1787, many 
 wore opposed to the clause sanctioning negro slavery. 
 They felt it incompatible with the principles of a free 
 government they were about to establish to hold any class 
 of people in bondage more degrading, more oppressive, 
 more tyrannical than that from which they had just eman- 
 cipated themselves through the trials and hardships and 
 suflerings endured through a seven years' war. They 
 yielded, however, to the adoption of that clause, with the 
 hope that ere long the wisdom, humanity, and justice of the 
 people would entirely and forever obliterate the obnoxious 
 system of slavery from a soil they fought to make free. 
 
 But little antagonism, however, was manifested towards 
 this institution by its opponents until some cases of kid- 
 napping occurred in Columbia, Pa., in 1804, which incited 
 the people of that town, who were chiefly Friends or their 
 descendants, to throw around the colored people the arm of 
 protection, and even to assist those who were escaping from 
 slavery to a section of country where they might be free. 
 This gave origin to what was afterwards known as the 
 " Underground Railroad." 
 
 The active and determined position to which the oppo- 
 nents of slavery were now aroused, and the large number 
 of colored people who had settled there, made it a point 
 where the fugitive reasonably expected aid, and his expec- 
 tations were not disappointed. 
 
 William Wright, of that place, an unreserved and invet- 
 erate hater of slavery, was one of the earliest, boldest, and 
 most active agents on this new road. He assisted all who 
 came to him, and whenever he heard of a fugitive being 
 captured, he lost no opportunity by his broad, deep strat- 
 egy, in court or out of it, to effect the captive's escape. 
 
 The great number now arriving there made it necessary 
 to establish other and reliable agencies along some direct 
 line to Canada, whither the fugitives generally desired to 
 go. This course seemed to naturally shape itself by way 
 of some earnest-hearted Abolitionists in York, Lancaster 
 Chester, Montgomery, Bucks, and Berks Counties, to 
 Phoenixville, Norristown, Quakertown, Reading, Phila- 
 delphia, and other places. The chief agents were Daniel 
 Gibbons, Thomas Whitson, Lindley Coates, Dr. Eshleman, 
 James Moore, Caleb C- Hood, and Jeremiah Moore, of 
 Lancaster County ; James Fulton, Gideon Peirce, Thomas 
 Bonsall, Thomas Vickers, John Vickers, Esther Lewis and 
 daughters, Dr. Edwin Fussell, William Fussell, Norris 
 Maris, Eramor Kimber, Elijah F. Pennypacker, and Lewis 
 Peart, of Chester County; Rev. Samuel Aaron, Isaac 
 Roberts, John Roberts, Dr. William Corson, Dr. Jacob L. 
 
 » By Robert C. Smedley, M.D., of West Chester. 
 
THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD. 
 
 427 
 
 Paxson, Daniel Ross (colored), and others, of Norristown. 
 
 This was called the northern route through Chester County, 
 
 but that which subsequently became the most traveled 
 
 was through the middle and southern part of the county. 
 
 Being contiguous to the boundary line of the slave States, 
 
 a rapid transit of passengers had to be made, which was 
 
 not unfrequently attended with exciting incidents of close 
 
 pursuits and of narrow escapes. Many who came on this 
 
 route crossed the Susquehanna at points in the vicinity of 
 
 Havre de Grace, and were forwarded by Joseph Smith, 
 
 Oliver Furniss, and others, in Lancaster County ; while a 
 
 still greater number came from Wilmington, through the 
 
 hands of Thomas Garrett, Benjamin, William, and Thomas 
 
 Webb, and Thomas Flint. Others came direct from the 
 
 more Southern slave States, traveling only by night, and 
 
 guided solely by the north star, their universal guide, 
 
 until they reached some abolition friends along the line 
 
 who fed them, secreted them by day, and either took them 
 
 at night to the next station, or gave them notes with 
 
 names of agents, and directions how to find them. And 
 
 the intuitive gift or instinctive poWer they were possessed 
 
 of, at once discerning their friends from others, was a marvel 
 
 to all. Every slave that came from the South knew. 
 
 the north star, and that by following it they would reach a 
 
 land of freedom. Trusting to this beacon-light before them 
 
 as a celestial pilot, thousands successfully made their escape. 
 
 The slave-holders, knowing this, freely expressed their 
 
 hatred for that star, and declared, if they could, they would 
 
 tear it from its place in the heavens. 
 
 So great was the travel upon this southern route that it 
 was necessary, for safety, to have several branches. Some 
 of these interlaced with the northern route, particularly at 
 the Peirces' and Pultons', in Ercildoun ; Esther Lewis', in 
 Yincent; John Vickers', near Lionville; and Elijah F. 
 Pennypacker's, near Phoenixville. At this place quite a 
 number crossed the river into Montgomery County, and 
 were sent in difierent directions, many to Norristown. 
 
 One route from Havre de Grace was by way of Thomas, 
 Eli, and Charles Hambleton's, in Penn township, to Ercil- 
 doun, thence to John Vickers' and Esther Lewis'. Those 
 who were sick or worn out were taken to the latter place, 
 and carefully nursed until able to proceed farther. 
 
 After leaving Wilmington the main route came by way 
 of Allen and Maria Agnew, Isaac and Dinah Mendenhall, 
 Dr. Bartholomew Fussell, in Kennet ; John and Hannah 
 Cox, Simon and Sarah D. Barnard, East Marlborough ; 
 William and Mary Barnard, Eusebeus and Sarah Marsh 
 Barnard, Pooopson ; Isaac and Thamsine Meredith, Mor- 
 decai and Esther Hayes, Newlin ; James Fulton, Jr., and 
 Gideon Peirce, Ercildoun ; Zebulon Thomas and daughters, 
 Downingtown ; Micajah and William Speakman, Uwchlan ; 
 John Vickers and Charles Moore, Lionville ; Esther Lewis 
 and daughters Marian, Elizabeth, and Graceanna, William 
 Fussell, Dr. Edwin Fussell, and Norris Maris, West Vin- 
 cent; Emmor Kimber, Kimberton ; and Elijah F. Penny- 
 packer, Pheenixville. 
 
 Another branch passed by way of Chandler Darlington'p, 
 
 ■ Kennet ; Benjamin Price, East Bradford ; the Darlington 
 
 sisters and Abram D. Shadd (colored). West Chester. 
 
 Dividing here, one portion united with the middle route at 
 
 John Vickers', the other went to Nathan Evans, in Willis- 
 town, a sterling old Friend, who stood inflexible and almost 
 alone in the cause in this neighborhood. Nearly all fugi- 
 tives who came to his place were harbored, fed, and taken 
 by himself in a wagon at night to Philadelphia, a distance 
 of eighteen miles. Occasionally, when large parties came 
 at close intervals, he would take a load to Elijah F. Penny- 
 packer's. At one time he took fifteen, who were forwarded 
 by Elijah to Phoenixville, thence to Canada. In 1837 
 feeling himself unable to make so many long journeys 
 at night, on account of his age, he called on James Lewis, in 
 Marple township, Delaware Co., to ask if he would make 
 his place a station and forward all whom he might send 
 there. The proposition was acceded to, and James T, 
 Dannaker. living with James Lewis, was made conductor. 
 Nathan had eight passengers with him, and Dannaker 
 accompanied him to Philadelphia, to be initiated into the 
 way of delivering them without detection. 
 
 Davis Garrett, of Willistown, frequently aided Nathan 
 Evans in conveying fugitives. 
 
 The great central station, where the Chester County and 
 other routes converged, was at the anti-slavery office -in 
 Philadelphia, managed by J. Miller McKim, assisted by 
 William Still, a former slave, and others. 
 
 When fugitives came in large numbers and close to- 
 gether, many were sent off the direct route to well-known 
 Abolitionists, in order to elude pursuit if slave-hunters 
 should be on their track. Among these on the northern 
 route were Dr. Augustus W. Cain, Joshua Brinton, Joseph 
 Moore, Joseph Fulton, J. Williams Thorne, and James 
 Williams, Sadsbury (the latter known as " Abolition Jim," 
 in contradistinction to one near by of the same name, but 
 of opposite principles) ; William Trimble, West White- 
 land ; and Louis Peart, near Valley Forge. 
 
 Along the southern route were Amos and'Mahlon Pres- 
 ton, and Benjamin and Hannah Kent, Penn township. 
 
 To successfully convey passengers over the great trunk- 
 lines and branches of this road, from its beginning to its 
 terminus, to prevent capture, to escape arrests and the mulct- 
 ary punishments attached to slave-holding laws, required 
 men of firmness, courage, sagacity, coolness, and intrepid- 
 ity in time of danger, predominant philanthropy impelling 
 them to do unto the liberty-seeking slave as they would be 
 done by under similar circumstances, and having firm reli- 
 ance in Him who enjoined to " undo the heavy burdens 
 and to let the oppressed go free." And it is a notable fact 
 that nearly all who thus assisted the fugitive to freedom 
 were members of the Society of Friends, although the 
 majority of that society, while averse to slavery, took no 
 part in the labors, and, with few exceptions, refused the 
 use of their meeting-houses for anti-slavery lectures. 
 
 In the early part of this concerted arrangement slaves 
 were hunted and tracked as far as Columbia. Here their 
 pursuers lost all indication of their traces. The most 
 scrutinizing inquiries, the most vigorous search failed to 
 educe any knowledge of their whereabouts. They seemed 
 to have reached an abyss beyond which they could not see, 
 the depths of which they could not fathom ; and in their 
 bewilderment and discomfiture they declared " there must 
 he an underground railroad somewhere." This gave rise 
 
428 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 to the term by which this secret passage from bondage to 
 freedom was known ever afterwards. 
 
 Daniel Gibbons gave the slaves papers containing the 
 names of agents along the road, with directions how to find 
 them. Sometimes these papers contained the simple mes- 
 sage, " These are our friends," signed with full name or 
 only initials. Thomas Garrett frequently wrote, " I send 
 thee" two, three, or four, or whatever number it might be, 
 " bags of black wool." John Vickers, who was a potter, 
 in sending them to Norris Maris, often wrote, " Thy friend 
 Pot." These and similar plans of directing them were 
 universally adopted when they were not taken by agents 
 from one station to another. Norris Maris' son George, 
 now principal of the West Chester State Normal School, 
 but then a lad, often drew a map of the road for them 
 as far as Elijah P. Pennypacker's. Elijah kept a two- 
 horse wagon, and took some to friends in Montgomery 
 County, but the greater number he took to Daniel Ross, 
 in Norristown. Some he sent to William Still, in Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Many of these negroes were poorly clad, or attired in 
 their usual coarse apparel. These required change of cloth- 
 ing to avoid detection, or to protect them from inclement 
 weather. For this purpose clothes and money were fur- 
 nished by the agents and their friends. These whole-souled, 
 philanthropic Abolitionists gave without stint ; they thought 
 of no compensation ; their daily and only reward was the 
 gratitude of these poor beings and the consciousness of 
 being instruments in God's hands for their liberation from 
 slavery. 
 
 A few incidents connected with the " Underground Rail- 
 road" travel will illustrate the dangers attending it to both 
 fugitives and their friends, the hair-breadth escapes that 
 were made, the prudence and promptness of action re- 
 quired, and the unselfish and unwearied labors of those 
 who periled their property and their own liberty to aid 
 the slave who sought their assistance in securing his free- 
 dom. 
 
 In 1818 two fugitives we're sent to John Vickers from 
 his father's, and were hidden in an attic. All things moved 
 along in their accustomed orderly way during the forenoon ; 
 the women felt a sense of satisfaction that two fugitives 
 were resting secure under their roof, and the negroes were 
 fondly dreaming of freedom and happiness soon to be 
 theirs. Suddenly the kitchen-door burst open, and in 
 rushed John, pale and trembling with anxiety, and said, 
 " The owners of these slaves are at my father's searching 
 the house, and they'll soon be here. We must get the men 
 away at once." With almost the swiftness of an arrow he 
 sped up-stairs, mounted a ladder, removed the attic-door,, 
 told the men of their peril, hurried them down to the 
 back-yard, bade them flee across the field to a wood and 
 make good their escape. This was barely accomplished 
 when the pursuers, like hounds in close chase of the deer, 
 rode up to the opposite side of the houpe and demanded 
 entrance. 
 
 " It will be of no use to search my house," said John, 
 " for I know there are no fugitives in it." 
 
 " We'll soon see about that," was the tart response. 
 " They were seen coming this way." 
 
 Without further ceremony they commenced searching 
 the house from cellar to garret, under beds and in closets, 
 and in every nook and box where they thought a man could 
 be doubled up. John accompanied them with the utmost 
 placidness, — he knew the slaves were fast lengthening the 
 distance between themselves and their hunters. 
 
 Reaching the garret and yet finding no one, they were 
 about giving up in despair when one of them espied a trap- 
 door in the ceiling leading to the attic. Elated with this 
 timely discovery he shouted in his hoarse voice, " There 
 they are; they're up in that attic; we'll search there!" 
 
 " They are not there," said John ; " we never use that 
 place." 
 
 " But you have a way to get there, and we must see 
 into it." 
 
 " It will be of no use," continued John, " for there is no 
 one there I know." 
 
 " We must see," was the laconic and mandatory reply. 
 
 The ladder was given them ; they ascended and groped- 
 around in the dark over the uncovered joists until fully 
 convinced the objects of' their search were not there. In- 
 censed at their disappointment, and chagrined over their 
 utter failure, they abandoned all further eflforts. On leav- 
 ing the house one of them caustically remarked, " We might 
 as well look for a needle in a hay-stack as for a nigger 
 among Quakers." They, however, continued their search 
 in the neighborhood, but with no better success. The 
 slaves got safely to Canada. 
 
 Two women from Virginia, one very light colored, left 
 their master to seek a home of freedom in the North. 
 They were pursued, captured, and placed in jail. During 
 the night a few Abolitionists and the jailer assisted them 
 in escaping through the roof A reward of $1000 was 
 offered for them. They were brought in the night to John 
 Vickers. On account of this reward and the recent enact- 
 ment of the fugitive-slave law, imposing a fine not exceed- 
 ing $1000 and imprisonment not exceeding six months 
 upon any individual harboring or giving aid to fugitives, 
 and $1000 for each slave who was lost to his master through 
 their assistance, it was necessary to use the utmost caution 
 in forwarding them along the line. They were therefore 
 taken to William Hall's, a rehired place near by, and about 
 one and a half miles from a public road, and there secreted 
 three days and nights until arrangements could be made at 
 headquarters in Philadelphia for receiving and forwarding 
 them without delay. J. Miller McKim and James Mott 
 agreed to receive them at the latter's house at eight o'clock 
 on a specified morning. J. Vickers and his daughter Abbie 
 supplied them with provisions, and then started with them 
 in the night for Philadelphia, a distance of thirty miles. 
 It was very dark and stormy, and while passing through a 
 woods about half-way to the city they got too near the edge 
 of the turnpike-road and upset. The dearborn was broken, 
 the horse kicked loose ,from the harness, but was held firmly 
 by the lines and restrained from running, while the first 
 concern of the women was to know if " missus was hurt.". 
 Fortunately, all escaped without injury. 
 
 Hiding the colored women in the woods, John and his 
 daughter went back a mile and a half to a tavern and pro- 
 cured another wagon. To avoid even a suspicion of his 
 
THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD. 
 
 429 
 
 having fugitives in his charge in case any one should come 
 to his assistance, he ordered the women to remain perfectly 
 quiet until he gave a particular sound of voice as a signal 
 that he was ready for them. This precaution proved as 
 fortunate as it was wise, for the tavern-keeper kindly took 
 his own horse and went with them to the spot, gathered 
 up the broken vehicle, and took it back to his place to have 
 repaired next morning. At the given signal the women 
 emerged from their wet covert, lively and laughing at 
 " massa's" success. 
 
 With this delay they did not arrive at James Mott's 
 until ten o'clock, two hours after the appointed time. Mil- 
 ler McKim was there tremulous with anxiety lest the party 
 had been captured. Agents immediately took charge of 
 the women. The one who was so white and good-lookin" 
 was at once dressed in different attire with false curls, and 
 Isaac T. Hopper, taking her by the arm, walked with them 
 to the wharf, registered their names on the boat as Isaac T. 
 Hopper, lady, and servant, and accompanied them to New 
 York, where they were received by other agents and for- 
 warded to Canada. 
 
 A company of eleven men, women, and children left the 
 South in a body, willing to peril everything for liberty. 
 The slave-holders immediately started out men in a body 
 after them, sending large advertisements in advance. These 
 advertisements always opened the eyes of Northern " under- 
 ground agents," and put them on the alert. The company 
 all arrived at the home of Graceanna Lewis and sisters. 
 They had been there but a short time when William Still 
 learned at the anti-slavery headquarters in Philadelphia 
 where they had stopped. He dispatched a special mes- 
 senger at once to Lewis' to apprise them of the danger, and 
 to request them to scatter the company as widely as possi- 
 ble. The party were immediately given a change of cloth- 
 ing, so as to baf9e recognition ; the women and children 
 were dressed quite handsomely, their h-ats and bonnets 
 being trimmed with artificial flowers. They were then 
 sent, with some of the men, to different stations on the 
 Reading Railroad, so that the number at any one place 
 would not excite suspicion. Taking the same train as it 
 arrived at these different stations, this portion of the party 
 was agaiu united, and all went through to Canada within 
 twenty-four hours. The other men of the party were sent 
 out in different directions to. hire with farmers and thus 
 earn money enough to pay their own passage. 
 
 A fugitive named George Harris came to the house of 
 Dr. Bartholomew Fussell, who then lived near Hamorton. 
 In some respects he possessed extraordinary qualities of 
 mind. He was raised in Maryland or Virginia, was sold 
 and taken to Georgia, near the boundary line with Florida. 
 He was young and full of energy, and determined not to 
 live a life of slavery. Undeterred by the long distance to 
 be traveled on foot, or the privations to be endured and 
 risks incurred before he could reach Mason and Dixon's 
 line, he started on the journey, resolved not only to make 
 the undertaking, but to succeed in it. For directions he 
 relied entirely upon the course of the railroads running 
 north and his memory of the country through which he 
 passed going south. His narration of the journey abounded 
 in incidents of peril, humor, and even romance. 
 
 Longwood being one of the first stations on the road 
 after leaving Wilmington, on the boundary line with Dela- 
 ware, the family of John and Hannah Cox, residing there, 
 were often called upon, chiefly in the night, and were ever 
 ready to aid the fugitive on his way to freedom. They fed 
 and clothed all who needed it, and either directed or took 
 them to the next station, as it was unsafe to keep them 
 long so near the State line. When women and children 
 were to be sent from Wilmington they were generally taken 
 by a colored man named Jackson. Arriving, he gave three 
 distinct raps upon the paling fence. This well-known 
 sound aroused the family, who responded by the interroga- 
 tory, "Who's there?" "Friends,'' was the reply. They 
 were admitted, food prepared for them, and were then taken 
 farther on. This well-known and hospitable family aided 
 hundreds on their way to freedom, and incidents of peril 
 and anxiety were not rare. 
 
 The home of Isaac and Dinah Mendenhall, in Kennet, 
 ten miles from Wilmington, was another of the most im- 
 portant stations near that end of the route. Fugitives 
 came there direct from the slave States, even as far south 
 as North Carolina ; but the greater number were sent by 
 Thomas Garrett, who gave them a few lines, by which they 
 would be known as no impostors, and then, directing what 
 road to take, told them to " go on and on until they came 
 to a stone gate-post,. and then turn in.'' As great numbers 
 came to this place, they were taken or sent in different di- 
 rections, some to Darby, others to Philadelphia, or to John 
 Vickers', and many to Simon Barnard's, and to other sta- 
 tions in that vicinity. 
 
 With the exception of two or three cases in York 
 County, in the very earliest period of the Underground 
 Railroad, no slave was ever captured while under the care 
 or direction of the managers of this transportation line. 
 Some who remained to work for farmers throughout the 
 country, when it was discovered, by advertisements or 
 otherwise, that they were fugitives, were informed on by 
 persons who, Judas-like, betrayed them for a paltry re- 
 ward, and they were remanded to the inexorable chains of 
 a slaveholding power. Such a case occurred in West 
 Chester. 
 
 Rachel Harris, at one time a slave, lived many years in 
 this borough, and occupied a small house by herself on 
 West Miner Street, where Dr. Thomas Ingram's house now 
 stands. She was ever lively and cheerful, and her clear, 
 strong, musical voice, as she sat in her doorway in the 
 evenings and sang, was heard in all that part of the town. 
 She was employed by as many families as she could serve 
 to do their weekly washing and ironing, and in house- 
 cleaning times her services were always in demand. 
 
 A large reward had been offered for her, and a man in 
 West Chester learning this, and having a more selfish love 
 for money than a regard for her liberty, informed her mas- 
 ter where she was living. He came, engaged a constable 
 to go with him, proceeded to her house, arrested her, and 
 took her before Judge' Thomas S. Bell, and proved his 
 property. While the examination was going on in the 
 judge's office, then located at the southeast corner of 
 Church and Miner Streets, she asked permission to step out 
 into the back-yard, which was granted, the officer accom- 
 
430 
 
 HISTOKY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 panying her. The moment she entered the yard she ran 
 to the board fence surrounding it, about seven feet high, 
 and, as if assisted by an Unseen Hand, scaled it with the 
 agility of a oat, and fled. The constable had not time to 
 seize her, for she left him in the quickness of a flash ; nor 
 could he with his best efforts climb that fence to pursue 
 her. 
 
 Rachel sped out the alley, up High Street to Samuel 
 Aug6's hat-store, down an alley and through the hat-shop, 
 over a vat of boiling liquid, frightening the men as though 
 an apparition or a comet had suddenly darted among them, 
 out through an alley back of Dr. Worthington's stable, and 
 into the kitchen of John T. Worthington's house, where 
 Caleb E. Chambers' leather-store is now situated. Rushing 
 up to Mrs. Worthington she threw her arms around her. 
 " For God's sake, take me in, save me, my master is after 
 me !" cried the poor affrighted woman. " Oh, I guess not," 
 said Mrs. Worthington, trying to soothe her. " He is ! he 
 is ! they had me, but I got away from them. Oh, hide me 
 somewhere quickly, do !" 
 
 Her emotions and piteous appeal convinced Mrs. Worth- 
 ington that she was actually pursued, and immediately she 
 took her up to the garret, hid her in a cubby-hole, fastened 
 the door and returned. Shortly after her husband came 
 home to dinner, the family took their seats around the 
 table, and no sign was manifest that anything unusual had 
 occurred. 
 
 The constable, exasperated at her successful escape, and 
 mortified at his discomfiture, went back into the office and 
 told his tale. Bewildered and amazed at such an instan- 
 taneous flight, they knew not for a moment what to do. 
 Gathering their senses again, they determined upon an im- 
 mediate and vigorous search. Hearing in the afternoon 
 that something like a phantom had passed through 
 "Sammy" Aug^'s shop that day, they went thither imme- 
 diately, examined the alley and Dr. Worthington's stables, 
 and passed by John T. Worthington's house without call- 
 ing. The Beneficent Hand that guided her to this place 
 still threw the protecting mantle around her, and it did not 
 enter the minds of her pursuers to make inquiries here ; 
 but meeting John on the street, they asked if he had seen 
 or heard anything of her. He told them he had not. His 
 wife had fortunately revealed nothing to him. Rachel had 
 washed for Mrs. Worthington for many years, and was be- 
 loved by her as a faithful, honest woman ; and now in her 
 distress she could return the measure of faithfulness. The 
 colored woman had frequently said she would rather be cut 
 to pieces than be returned to slavery. 
 
 In the afternoon Mrs. Worthington informed Samuel M. 
 Painter of the case, and asked him to send his carriage in 
 the evening for her, and to bring a man's hat, overcoat, and 
 boots, which was done ; and, dressed in male attire, she 
 stepped into the carriage and was driven to John Viokers', 
 who immediately forwarded her on the direct route to Can- 
 ada. She afterwards wrote to Hannah Jefferis and others 
 of her friends in West Chester stating that she arrived 
 there safely, and was happy and contented. 
 
 The slave-master and constable continued their hunt in 
 West Chester for two days, and then abandoned it. 
 
 For the part Mrs. Worthington took in this escape her 
 
 friends for a long time humorously called her "the little 
 Abolitionist." 
 
 Not only were fugitives liable to be informed upon and 
 returned to bondage, but for upwards of a quarter of a cen- 
 tury free negroes were subject to the danger of being sent 
 into slavery on certificates of justices of the peace, founded 
 on fictitious claims fabricated by kidnappers for the pur- 
 pose. When a negro was arrested as a slave, all that would 
 be done was to attend the hearing before the justice, ascer- 
 tain the character of the evidence exhibited by the claim- 
 ant, and present such proof of a contrary tendency as could 
 be had. Enoch Lewis, when quite a young man, and a 
 teacher at the boarding-school at Westtown, was well ac- 
 quainted with the law relating to the rendition of slaves, 
 and was frequently called upon on behalf of colored persons 
 claimed as fugitives from labor. In each case he exerted 
 himself to the utmost to prevent free persons from being 
 carried off as slaves, and his success on such occasions was 
 valuable in keeping the justices, who usually favored the 
 claimants, to the strict line of their duty. 
 
 The residence of Enoch Lewis, at New Garden, was long 
 a station on the Underground Railroad during the time 
 of Isaac Jackson, its former owner, and it continued to be 
 so many years after. Although Enoch did not approve of 
 encouragement being given to slaves lo leave their masters, 
 and thought no general good would be derived from it, 
 yet if a fugitive sought a temporary asylum beneath his 
 roof, or a helping hand when fleeing from slavery, his claim 
 to hospitality and charitable aid was never denied. If 
 slaves were closely pursued, a horse and carriage were 
 promptly furnished to convey them to a safe distance. 
 
 SERVANTS AND REDEMPTIONERS. 
 
 Servitude by indenture, which was little better than 
 actual slavery, was very common in colonial days. The 
 master owned the time, if not the body, of the servant, and 
 public sentiment allowed of treatment which would not 
 now be tolerated. Servants were in great demand in the 
 early settlement of the country, and to supply this demand 
 persons would bring over cargoes of laboring people and 
 dispose of them on their arrival here. Indentures were 
 prepared in England, binding the servant, in consideration 
 of his passage, necessary clothing, and provisions, to serve 
 for a number of years — rarely less than four — after his 
 arrival in Pennsylvania. Judging from the early court 
 records, there were few laborers except those whose service 
 was by indenture. Even mechanics sold themselves, or 
 were sold, for a specified time. Orphan children were 
 brought to court to be " adjudged," there being on one oc- 
 casion, in 1697, no less than thirty-three whose terms of 
 service were fixed by the court. The following are samples 
 of entries on the records about this time : 
 
 " Francis Chadsey brought a boy whose name was Alexander Stew- 
 ard, who was adjudged to serve eight years from the 14th of Septem- 
 ber last past, to be taught to read and write, or else to serve but seven 
 years ; also, he had a servant maid whose name is Ann Beam, who 
 was adjudged to serve five years from this Court, to said Francis 
 Chadsey or his assigns." 
 
 " William Cope brought a boy whose name is Thomas Harper, who 
 was adjudged to serve five years and three quarters, if he be taught 
 to read and write, or else to serve but five years, to him or his assigns." 
 
INDIAN TRADERS. 
 
 431 
 
 " Elizabeth Withers brought a servant girl whose name is Margaret 
 Mongey, who was adjudged to be eleven years of age, and to serve 
 ten years to Thomas Withers or his assigns." 
 
 " Henry Nayl brought a servant boy to the Court whose name is 
 Alexander Stewart, whose time the said Nayl had bought of Francis 
 Chadsey, and the said boy consents and agrees to serve the said Henry 
 Nayl one year and a quarter above his time by record, if the s* Henry 
 Nayl teach him the trade of shoemaker; if not, the said Nayl to allow 
 the said boy satisfaction for the overplus time as the Court shall 
 allow." 
 
 " Elinor Clayton, an orphan of the age of fourteen years, was or- 
 dered by the Court to serve Daniel Hoopes for the term of seven years, 
 on condition that he should teach her to read, knit and sew, and pay 
 £12 according to the order of the Court." 
 
 Owing to harsh treatment the servants were continually 
 running away, and much of the business of the courts con- 
 isisted in hearing the complaints of masters and servants, 
 and judging the latter to serve additional time for running 
 away. In 1721 mention is made, in a letter from England, 
 of a consignment of forty-seven servants, sent over on ac- 
 count of the London Company. Captains of vessels brought 
 over many servants and sold their time here to pay for their 
 passage. These were called redemptioners, and the custom 
 was continued into this century. 
 
 A remarkable case, if true, was that of James Annesley, 
 son of Arthur AnneslSy, Lord Altham, who, being left an 
 orphan, was enticed on board of an American vessel by an 
 uncle who wished to get possession of the estate, and sold 
 as a servant by the captain on his arrival at Philadelphia. 
 Watson fixes the place of his servitude near the fortieth 
 milestone on the Lancaster road, where he remained about 
 twelve years. In 1740 he was discovered by two Irishmen 
 from his native place. Through the influence of persons 
 who became interested in his case he returned to Ireland, 
 and in 1743 instituted suit against his uncle, who was now 
 in possession of the property. He gained the suit, but, 
 pending an appeal to the House of Lords, the claimant 
 died. A full account of the trial was published at the 
 time, but it does not state where Annesley lived in this 
 country. The case has furnished the groundwork of " Eodr 
 erick Random," " The Wandering Heir," by Charles Reade, 
 and other novels. Reade locates the scene in this country 
 near Wilmington. 
 
 It became the custom for those who imported servants to 
 take them in companies through the country, in order to 
 dispose of them to farmers. They were, on this account, 
 termed " soul-drivers," and an anecdote is told of one who 
 had finally disposed of all but one of his drove, who was a 
 pretty smart fellow. Putting up at a tavern for the night, 
 the servant rose first, and sold his master to the landlord, 
 to whom he gave a good account of the fellow, except his 
 habit of lying, and warned him that he would probably try 
 to pass himself ofi' as the master. 
 
 The well-authenticated cases of brutality exercised to- 
 wards these people in time past leads one to think there 
 must be some improvement in the state of society at this 
 day. 
 
 As many persons are unfamiliar with the old form of an 
 indenture of apprenticeship, we here give one in full ; in 
 this case there is nothing peculiar, except the compensation 
 of live stock : 
 
 " This Indenture Witnesseth that Elizabeth Hastings, Daughter of 
 Henry Hastings of West Bradford in the County of Chester and 
 
 Province of Pensilvania, Yeoman, hath put herself and by these 
 presents doth voluntarily and of her own free will and accord and 
 with the Consent of her Parents put herself Apprentice -to Phebe 
 BuflSngton of West Bradford aflforesaid and after the manner of an ap- 
 prentice to serve her from the day of the Date hereof for and During 
 the Term of Five Years Bight Months next ensuing the date hereof, 
 During all which Term the said Apprentice her said Mistress faith- 
 fully shall serve, her secrets keep, her Lawful Commands gladly 
 every where obey. She shall do no damage to her said Mistress nor 
 see it to be done by others without Letting or giving notice thereof to 
 her said Mistress. She shall not waste her said Mistress's good nor 
 lend them unlawfully to any, She shall. not Commit fornication nor 
 Contract Matrimony within the said Term. At Cards, Dice, or any 
 other unlawful Game she shall not play whereby her Mistress may 
 have Damage, With her own goods nor the goods of others, without 
 Licence from her said Mistress she shall neither buy nor sell. She 
 shall not absent herself Day nor Night from her Mistress's service 
 without her leave, nor haunt Ale-Houses, Taverns or Play Houses, 
 but in all things behave herself as a faithful apprentice ought to do, 
 During the said Term. And in Consideration of the said Term the 
 said Mistress shall procure and provide for her said apprentice Suffi- 
 cient meat, Drink, Apparel, Lodging and Washing fitting for an ap- 
 prentice both in 'health and sickness During the s* Term, Together 
 with Two Cows and two Calves, Each Cow and Calf to be worth Four 
 pounds of Current money of Pensilvania in the following manner — 
 One Cow and Calf to be delivered unto above named Henry Hastings 
 for the use of said apprentice in the spring in the year 1746 and the 
 other Cow and Calf in the spring in the year of our Lord 1748. And 
 the said mistress shall learn her said apprentice to Sew and Knitt so 
 as to know how to make a man's Shirt and knitt Stocking and to give 
 her one month's schooling in Beading and Writing within the said 
 Term and at the Expiration of said Term said Mistress shall procure 
 for her said apprentice One full Suit of new Apparel besides her 
 working apparel. And for the true performance of all and every the 
 said Covenants and agreements either of said parties bind themselves 
 unto the other by these presents. In Witness whereof they have In- 
 terchangeably put their hands and seals this ninth day of April One 
 Thousand Seven hundred and forty and three. 1743 
 
 " Phebe Buffingtoh [seal.] 
 " Signd seald and Deliverd in 
 the presence of 
 
 " John Bitffingtoit 
 
 "Amy Bate 
 
 "Jh° McCauty" 
 One month's schooling in five years would not now be 
 considered a very liberal allowance. 
 
 INDIAN TRADERS. 
 
 In 1722, James Le Tort petitioned the court of Chester 
 County to recommend him to the Governor for license as an 
 Indian trader, on the ground that he had followed that 
 business for twenty-five years. He was licensed, and gave 
 his bond in the sum of £100, with Silas Pryor, yeoman, of 
 Chester County, as his surety. 
 
 In the same year James Patterson, of Conostegoe, peti- 
 tioned, indorsed by Ezekiel Harlan, who went on his bond 
 when appointed. In 1723 said Patterson was re-licensed, 
 with James Mitchell as bondsman. This year John Burt, 
 of Conestogoe, also petitioned, and was indorsed by said 
 Mitchell, who went on his bond when reappointed by the 
 Governor. 
 
 In 1724, Thomas Perrin, of Conestogoe, petitioned, iur 
 dorsed by John Hendricks, John Roberts, Thomas Wilkins, 
 Martin Mirlin, Daniel Gorman, and was licensed. 
 
 In next year (1725) a large number of the inhabitants 
 of Donnegall petitioned for a license for Jonah Davenport, 
 and on its grant George Stuart became his bondsman. 
 
 In the year 1724, Joseph Cloud, of Cain, was licensed, 
 with George Aston and John Taylor as his bondsmen, anc^ 
 
432 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 in 1725 was relicensed, with Joseph Jervis and Daniel 
 Cookson on his bond. 
 
 In 1726, John Burt was again licensed, with James 
 Mitchell, of Donnegall, as his bondsman. 
 
 PEDDLEES EEOM 1730 TO 1773. 
 
 These peddlers were also termed " hawkers,'' " venders," 
 and " petty chapmen," the latter seeming to be the techni- 
 cal or legal word for designating them. The following is a 
 probably incomplete list of the same from 1730 to 1773 : 
 
 1730, Archibald MoGee, William Young, Alexander Richardson, 
 Terrance O'Neall, George Mason, Charles Conner; 1731, Charles 
 Conner; 1732, Alexander Richison, John Lookarty, Charles Conner, 
 Terrance O'Neall; 1733, Joseph Burgoin ; 1737, William Young, 
 Alexander Kichison, George Mason ;- 1738, James Ross, William 
 Black; 1742, Charles McMichel, John Swanner, Daniel Stewart; 
 1743, Charles McMichel, John Swanner, Robert Anderson, James 
 Adams, John McClure ; 1744, Samuel Cross, Charles McMichel, 
 Robert Anderson ; 1745, Samuel Cross, Charles McMichel, Alexander 
 Richison ; 1746, Henry Hetberington, Charles McMichel, Samuel 
 Cross; 1747, Samuel Cross; 1748, Samuel Cross, Charles McMichel, 
 Robert Anderson; 1749, Henry Hetberington, Neal McLaughlin, 
 Patrick Whinnery, George Connell, Charles McMichel ; 1750, Patrick 
 Whinnery, James Hunter, Charles McMichel, Samuel Mealey ; 1751, 
 Matthew Dunlap, Charles McMichel, James McMordie; 1752, Sam- 
 uel Patterson, Charles McMichel; 1753, Richard Hall, Charles Mc- 
 Michel; 1754, Thomas Clark, John Millison, Francis MoBride, John 
 Shaw, Charles McMichel, Samuel Patterson; 1755, John Prince; 1756, 
 John Johnson ; 1758, Charles Rodin ; 1769, William Little, Samuel 
 Patterson; 1766, John McCarty, Nicholas Fain; 1772, Jacob Sleer; 
 1773, David Brooks. 
 
 In their petitions to the court, some assigned as reasons 
 for desiring to travel as peddlers their advanced years of age, 
 lost use of a hand or arm, and other physical infirmities 
 preventing them from hard manual labor. Others set forth 
 that they had just arrived from abroad with large stocks of 
 merchandise to sell for the advantage of the people. John 
 Johnson, of Kennet, in his petition, said he had an ailment 
 in his breast that deprived him from labor, and Patrick 
 Whinnery alleged that he had been a weaver, but, having 
 broken a thigh, had " fallen into a consumption." Many 
 of these peddlers became forehanded, and finally settled 
 down as thrifty farmers or merchants. 
 
 SILVER PLATE IN 1777. 
 
 The following is a list of silver plate in Chester County 
 in 1777, as returned that year by the assessors for taxa- 
 tion : 
 
 Weettown Township. — Benjamin Hickman, six spoons; James 
 Black, six tea and one large spoon ; Thomas Taylor, five spoons. 
 
 JBirmingliam Township, — Caleb Brinton, five tea spoons; Charles 
 Dilworth, one tea spoon; Joseph Dilwortb, six spoons; Gideon Gil- 
 pin, six tea spoons. 
 
 Sadsbury Township, — Andrew Boyd, six spoons. 
 
 Oxford Township. — Hugh McCollough, 5| lbs. of plate; Job Rus- 
 ton, one can, one porringer, seven spoons, one pair tea tongs. 
 
 jEjast Cain Township. — John Carmichael, five spoons. 
 
 Vwchlan Township.- — Charles Reed, one table and six tea spoons; 
 Dennis Whelan, one tankard and six table spoons; Edward Owen, 
 two table and five tea spoons; Israel Whelan, one cream jug, six 
 table and six tea spoons; .John Scott, six tea spoons; Col. Robert 
 Smith, six tea spoons. 
 
 Kennet Toxonship. — Joseph Shippen, 32 ounces. 
 
 Charlesiown Township. — Patrick Anderson, one ounce; William 
 
 Bodley, three ounces; William Dewees, Jr., eight ounces; William 
 Fussell, one ounce; William Graham, two ounces; Benjamin Long- 
 streth, eight ounces; Ephraim Jones, one ounce; William Moore, 
 eighteen ounces; George McElheany, one ounce; Alexander McCalla, 
 one ounce; Anthony Pritchard, one, ounce; Benjamin Thomas, one 
 ounce. 
 
 JVcM London Township. — Moses Cox, two ounces ; Allen Cunning- 
 ham, two ounces ; Joseph Furry, two ounces ; Alexander Johnston, 
 eight ounces; David Mackey, two ounces; John McDowell, eight 
 ounces ; William Shearer, two ounces ; William Shields, two ounces ; 
 Robert Wilkin, two ounces. . 
 
 Londonderry Tovmship. — Francis Blair, one tankard ; John Finney, 
 one cup, two candle sticks, six table and six tea spoons. 
 
 East Whiteland Township. — John Adams, one dozen tea spoons ; 
 Benjamin Bartholomew, three table and six tea spoons ; John Bartholo- 
 mew, one cream jug, nine tea and six table spoons ; David Cloyd, 
 one pair tea tongs, cream jug, seven table and fourteen tea spoons; 
 Thomas Harris, six tea spoons; Josiah Hibbard, six tea spoons; 
 Richard Jacobs, one pair tea tongs and six tea spoons; John Kerlin, 
 cream jug, one pair tea tongs, one pint can, five table and six tea 
 spoons; Joseph Lewis, six tea spoons ; Joseph Malin, cream jug and 
 six tea spoons : Peter Mather, seven table and seven tea spoons ; 
 Robert Powell, four tea spoons; James Robinson, six tea spoons; 
 Richard Richardson, one pair tongs, six tea and six table spoons; 
 John Templeton, six tea spoons ; Robert Todd, six tea spoons ; George 
 Graham, six tea spoons; Richard Malin, Jr., six tea spoons; Harvey 
 Simms, one tea spoon. 
 
 Easttown Toicnship. — Gen. Anthony Wayne, one cream jug, six 
 tea and six table spoons; Martha Davis, three tea spoons; Benjamin 
 Jenkins, six tea spoons; William Hunter, Jr., six tea spoons; John 
 Butler, four tea spoons; Whitehead Weatherby, six tea spoons. 
 
 Goshen Tonnship. — Francis Trumble, four spoons. 
 
 Treydyffrin Township. — Richard Brinton, five spoons ; Rev. Wil- 
 liam Currie, one tea pot, one sugar dish, one pair tea tongs, one soup 
 dish, three table and six tea spoons; Dr. John Davis, six tea spoons; 
 David Davis (Valley) six tea spoons; David Havard, six tea spoons; 
 Mary Howell, six tea spoons; John Rowland, six tea spoons; Joseph 
 Mitchell, six tea spoons ; Thomas Walters, cream jug and six tea 
 spoons. 
 
 West Cain Township. — Samuel Denney, four pieces ; Mary Way, 
 five pieces. 
 
 East Nantmeal Township. — Branson Vanleer, one quart cup, 
 
 Pikeland Township. — Joseph Berkinbaugh, one coffee pot, six tea 
 and six table spoons; David Ford, six tea spoons. 
 
 West Eallowjield Township. — John Bell, sixteen ounces. 
 
 RIDING VEHICLES. 
 
 In an assessment made February, 1786, for the purpose 
 of raising money to pay the United States and State debts, 
 the following riding carriages were returned within our 
 present county limits with the valuation annexed : 
 
 East Bradford. — John Hannum, chair, £10. 
 
 West Bradford.- — Humphry Marshall, chair, £24. 
 
 East Cain. — Widow Carmichael, chair, £15 ; Hunt Downing, Jr., 
 chair, £25; Richard Downing, Jr., chair, £15; John Edge, chair, 
 £25; Wm. Trimble, chair, £25. 
 
 (?o«7ien.— Joshua Asbbridge (four-wheeled), £40 ; Jos. Garrett 
 (four-wheeled), £40 ; Geo. Hoopes, chair, £5 ; Enos Thomas, chair, 
 £15; John Warner, chaise, £12. 
 
 Londongrove. — Joshua Pusey, carriage, £3; Joseph Preston, family 
 carriage, £3. 
 
 West Nantmeal.- — Baron Debillion,'* phaeton. 
 
 Thornlvry. — John & Joseph Brinton, chair, £15; Wm. Williamson, 
 chair, £30. 
 
 Westtown. — Joseph Hoopes, chair, £30. 
 
 East Whiteland. — Richard Jacobs, phaeton, £25 ; Casper Fahne- 
 stock, caravan, £20 ; John Templeton, chair, £14. 
 
 West Whiteland. — John Jones, chair. 
 
 The tax laid upon this species of property was one and 
 one-half pence on the pound. 
 
 * Properly Baron de Beelen Bertholf. 
 
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. 
 
 433 
 
 CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. 
 On the 18th of June, 1776, a provincial conference con- 
 vened at Carpenters' Hall, in Philadelphia, in pursuance of 
 a resolution of Congress, recommending a change in the 
 form of State governments, and a suppression of all au- 
 thority under the King of Great Britain. The members 
 from Chester County, deputed by the county committee, 
 were Col. Richard Thomas, Maj. William Evans, Col. 
 Thomas Hockley, Maj. Caleb Davis, Elisha Price, Samuel 
 Fairlamb, Col. William Montgomery, Col. Hugh Lloyd, 
 Richard Riley, Col. Evan Evans, Col. Lewis Gronow, Maj. 
 Sketchley Morton, and Thomas Levis. 
 
 Col. Thomas McKean, a son of Chester County, then rep- 
 resenting Philadelphia, was chosen president oi' the body. 
 This conference, June 24, 1776, unanimously declared their 
 willingness to concur in a vote of the Congress declaring 
 the united colonies free and independent States. This 
 was ten days before the Declaration of Independence was 
 adopted by Congress. A convention was also called for the 
 purpose of framing a constitution and forming a new govern- 
 ment in the province, on the authority of the people alone. 
 The convention thus called met at Philadephia, July 15, 
 1776, and adopted the first constitution of the State or 
 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It provided that the 
 legislative power should be vested in a single House of Rep- 
 resentatives, and the executive power in a President and 
 Council, the representatives and members of Council to be 
 elected by the votes of the people, and the President to be 
 chosen annually by the joint ballots of the Assembly and 
 council, the delegates to Congress to be elected annually 
 by the Assembly. It also provided that there should be 
 chosen by the voters every seven years a council of censors, 
 to be composed of two persons from each county, for the 
 purpose of seeing that the constitution was preserved invio- 
 late, and for the performance of other prescribed duties. 
 The members of this convention from Chester County 
 were Benjamin Bartholomew, John Jacobs, Thomas Straw- 
 bridge, Robert Smith, Samuel Cunningham, John Hart, 
 John Mackey, and John Fleming. The convention was 
 presided over by Dr. Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 Nov. 13, 1783, a council of censors, chosen in pursuance 
 of the provisions of this constitution, convened at the 
 State-House in Philadelphia, and continued in session from 
 time to time until Sept. 25, 1784. This was the only 
 council of censors ever held. The members of this body 
 from Chester County were Anthony Wayne and John 
 Evans. The latter died during its sittings, and James 
 Moore was elected in his room, and took his seat Dec. 30, 
 1783. 
 
 The constitution of 1776 not proving very acceptable to 
 the people, a convention was called to frame a new consti- 
 tution, which met in Philadelphia on Nov. 24, 1789, and 
 formed what is known as the constitution of 1790, providing, 
 among other changes, that the executive power should be 
 vested in a Governor, elected by the people, and the legis- 
 lative power in a Senate and House of Representatives. 
 
 This constitution went into operation Sept. 2, 1790, and 
 
 a procession, composed of officials and citizens, paraded, 
 
 under the direction of the convention, on the occasion of 
 
 its proclamation. Neither this constitution nor that of 
 
 55 . 
 
 1776 was submitted to a vote of the people. Thomas 
 Mifflin was president of the convention, and was afterwards 
 elected the first Governor of the State under its provisions. 
 
 Chester County was represented in this convention by Wil- 
 liam Gibbons, Thomas Bull, Thomas Ross, and James Boyd. 
 
 At the general election in 1825 a vote was taken, by 
 authority of an act of Assembly, on the question of calling 
 a convention to amend the constitution of 1790, which re- 
 sulted in a majority against the proposed convention. 
 
 April 14, 1835, an act of Assembly was passed authoriz- 
 ing a votje to be taken at the next general election on the 
 question of the expediency of a revision of the constitu- 
 tion. The vote being in favor of such revision, an act was 
 passed March 29, 1836, calling a convention, to consist of 
 a number equal to that of the members composing the 
 Senate and House of Representatives, and to be elected 
 Nov. 4, 1836.* 
 
 The convention thus called met May 2, 1837, and finally 
 adjourned Feb. 22, 1838, a portion of their sessions being 
 held at Harrisburg and a portion in Philadelphia. The 
 result of their labors was submitted to a vote of the people 
 at the general election held in October, 1838, and the 
 amended constitution, being ratified, went into operation 
 on Jan. 1, 1839.t 
 
 The delegates in this convention from Chester County 
 were Thomas S. Bell, senatorial, and William Darlington, 
 Morgan J. Thomas, Matthias Pennypacker, and John 
 Chandler, representatives. 
 
 It was presided over by Hon. John Sergeant, of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 June 2, 1871, ah act of Assembly was passed submit- 
 ting to a vote of the people at the October election the 
 question of calling another convention to revise the consti- 
 tution. The vote being in the affirmative, an act was passed 
 April 11, 1872, providing for the calling of such conven- 
 tion ; the members to be elected at the October election 
 then next, by what is known in common parlance as the 
 cumulative system. 
 
 The delegates met in convention in the hall of the House 
 of Representatives at Harrisburg, Nov. 12, 1872, and or- 
 ganized by the election of Hon. William M. Meredith, of 
 Philadelphia, as president. The convention continued in 
 session at Harrisburg until Nov. 27, 1872, and then ad- 
 journed to meet again in Philadelphia on Jan. 7, 1873, 
 when it re assembled. 
 
 The members representing this senatorial district were 
 William Darlington and Joseph Hemphill, of Chester 
 County, and John M. Broomall, of Delaware County. 
 There were also in the convention four other sons of Ches- 
 ter County, viz. : Joseph Baily, of Peri'y County ; Wayne 
 MacVeagh, of Dauphin County ; Dr. Levi Rooke, of Union 
 County ; and Joel B. McCamant, from Schuylkill County. 
 Abraham D. Harlan, of Coatesville, was oue of the assist- 
 ant clerks. 
 
 This was the fourth coiivention called to frame or amend 
 the constitution of the State. 
 
 » The vote of Chester County in 1836 was 2546 for a convention, 
 and 3308 against, 
 ■j- Chester County voted /oi- the amendments, 3879; against, 5085. 
 
434: 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 TAXABLES, 1730 to 1780. 
 
 Townships. 
 
 Aston 
 
 ]!othel 
 
 liirminghnin 
 
 EiiBt Bradford 
 
 West Bradford 
 
 Chester 
 
 Cpjier Chichester.... 
 Lower Chichester.... 
 
 Concord 
 
 Enst Cain 
 
 West Cain 
 
 Charlcstown 
 
 Coventry 
 
 Upper Darby 
 
 Lower Darby 
 
 Edgmont 
 
 Easttown 
 
 East Eallowfield 
 
 West Fallowfield 
 
 Ooshen 
 
 Haverford 
 
 Kennet> 
 
 Lundongrove 
 
 Londonderry 
 
 London Britain 
 
 Marple 
 
 Middlctown 
 
 East Marlborough.. 
 West Marlborough.. 
 
 New Garden 
 
 Newtown 
 
 Newlin 
 
 East NnntnienI 
 
 AVest Nantmeal 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Pcnnsbury 
 
 Upper Providence.. 
 Lower Providence.. 
 
 Pikeland 
 
 Kidley _ 
 
 lladnor 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Sadsbury 
 
 Tredyffrin 
 
 Thornbury 
 
 Tinicum 
 
 Uwchlan 
 
 Vincent 
 
 Westtown 
 
 Willi.«town 
 
 East Whitebnd 
 
 West AVhiteliind 
 
 New Londoni 
 
 East Nottingham.... 
 West Nottingham. .. 
 
 Totals . 
 
 1730. 
 
 25 
 20 
 64 
 
 67 
 
 69 
 31 
 32 
 68 
 57 
 32 
 45 
 34 
 
 83 
 
 43 
 21 
 
 31 
 
 38 
 
 32 
 
 103 
 
 55 
 
 42 
 33 
 49 
 60 
 32 
 33 
 35 
 
 29 
 
 27 
 17 
 
 1740. 
 
 38 
 19 
 66 
 J 67 
 I 41 
 86 
 26 
 40 
 ■ 76 
 78 
 74 
 67 
 68 
 64 
 44 
 47 
 26 
 
 99 
 
 65 
 38 
 
 128 
 78 
 
 161 
 55 
 43 
 54 
 64 
 34 
 42 
 52 
 60 
 83 
 
 123 
 
 33 
 21 
 
 41 
 46 
 28 
 55 
 38 
 30 
 
 48 
 39 
 12 
 44 
 
 38 
 
 93 
 81 
 
 1976 
 
 55 
 50 
 35 
 62 
 49 
 38 
 
 65 
 
 80 
 
 .23 
 
 65 
 
 49 
 
 87 
 146 
 161 
 
 2964 
 
 43 
 22 
 68 
 83 
 85 
 95 
 32 
 71 
 91 
 
 115 
 93 
 70 
 90 
 66 
 56 
 61 
 39 
 
 f49 
 
 [83 
 82 
 43 
 
 149 
 65 
 
 148 
 61 
 57 
 66 
 79 
 59 
 69 
 48 
 42 
 
 105 
 
 142 
 
 43 
 
 34 
 64 
 64 
 66 
 45 
 99 
 64 
 64 
 
 90 
 113 
 
 27 
 77 
 
 66 
 
 113 
 162 
 
 182 
 
 3858 
 
 1700. 
 
 61 
 32 
 
 77 
 
 104 
 
 93 
 
 131 
 
 60 
 
 99 
 
 94 
 
 168 
 
 129 
 
 130 
 
 112 
 
 84 
 
 78 
 
 62 
 
 61 
 
 71 
 
 106 
 
 109 
 
 67 
 
 150 
 
 89 
 
 113 
 
 70 
 
 73 
 
 84 
 
 100 
 
 74 
 
 81 
 
 61 
 
 48 
 
 133 
 
 177 
 
 127 
 
 46 
 
 52 
 
 121 
 
 83 
 
 94 
 
 57 
 
 102 
 
 127 
 
 79 
 
 109 
 
 169 
 
 40 
 
 99 
 
 124 
 
 126 
 186 
 211 
 
 6092 
 
 1770. 
 
 77 
 
 37 
 
 93 
 
 117 
 
 118 
 
 188 
 
 46 
 
 98 
 
 102 
 
 170 
 
 141 
 
 167 
 
 107 
 
 96 
 
 106 
 
 61 
 
 61 
 
 82 
 
 103 
 
 158 
 
 75 
 
 166 
 
 103 
 
 107 
 
 61 
 
 87 
 
 81 
 
 110 
 
 83 
 
 75 
 
 73 
 
 65 
 
 113 
 
 179 
 
 136 
 
 67 
 
 48 
 132 
 124 
 106 
 
 69 
 103 
 159 
 
 84 
 
 119 
 152 
 50 
 112 
 J 66 
 (59 
 120 
 204 
 172 
 
 5567 
 
 73 
 
 33 
 
 105 
 
 129 
 
 137 
 
 1.35 
 
 63 
 
 100 
 
 121 
 
 210 
 
 145 
 
 175 
 
 192 
 
 113 
 
 115 
 
 66 
 
 78 
 
 86 
 
 108 
 
 150 
 
 79 
 
 139 
 
 124 
 
 108 
 
 47 
 
 88 
 
 103 
 
 141 
 
 100 
 
 98 
 
 78 
 
 76 
 
 177 
 
 243 
 
 193 
 
 100 
 
 66 
 
 49 
 
 136 
 
 106 
 
 130 
 
 62 
 
 101 
 
 134 
 
 122 
 
 47 
 
 162 
 
 201 
 
 57 
 
 149 
 
 83 
 
 65 
 
 146 
 
 148 
 
 73 
 
 6266 
 
 THE POPULATION OF CHESTER COUNTY. 
 
 The following shows the population of Chester County 
 by each of the past ten censuses, also the numbers of white 
 and colored persons : 
 
 Year. Total. White. Colored. 
 
 1790 27,937 27,249 688 
 
 1800 32,093 30,902 1191 
 
 1810 39,596 37,775 1821 
 
 1820 44,461 41,710 2741 
 
 1830 ; , 50,910 47,911 2999 
 
 1840 67,515 53,372 4143 
 
 1850 66,438 6], 215 6223 
 
 1860 74,678 68,671 5907 
 
 1870 77,805 71,569 6233 
 
 1880 83,302 
 
 Below we add the increase in number during each dec- 
 ade and the growth per cent. It will be seen that the 
 smallest increase was that of the ten years from 1860 to 
 1870, — the period of the war, — while the greatest, by far, 
 was that between 1800 and 1810. A remarkable feature 
 is the very even growth maiulained for half a century, the 
 
 percentages from 1810 to 1860 varying only from 12.2 to 
 15.5. 
 
 Decade. Increase. Inc. per Cent. 
 
 1790-1800 4156 14.8 
 
 1800-1810 7503 23.3 
 
 1810-1820 4965 12.5 
 
 1820-1830 5459 12.2 
 
 1830-1840 6605 12.7 
 
 1840-1850 8923 15.5 
 
 1850-1860 8140 12.2 
 
 1860-1870 3227 4.3 
 
 1870-1880 5497 6.5 
 
 The following table exhibits the population of the town- 
 ships and boroughs of Chester County according to the 
 United States census of 1860-1880 : 
 
 18GD. 
 
 Atglen borough 
 
 Birmingham 550 
 
 East Bradford 1176 
 
 West Bradford 1734 
 
 East Brandy wine ". 1039 
 
 West Erandywine 828 
 
 Charlestown 964 
 
 Coatcsville borough 
 
 Cain 1018 
 
 East Cain 
 
 WestCaln 1290 
 
 North Coventry 1068 
 
 South Coventry 650 
 
 East Coventry X.... 1401 
 
 Downingtown borough 761 
 
 Elk 1027- 
 
 Easttown 728 
 
 Franklin 974 
 
 West Fallowfield 1273 
 
 East Fallowfield 1440 
 
 West Goshen 1067 
 
 East Goshen 844 
 
 Highland 1094 
 
 Honeybrook 1988 
 
 Hopewell borough 278 
 
 Honeybrook borough 
 
 Kennet 1905 
 
 Kennet Square (borough) 
 
 London Britain 659 
 
 Londonderry 711 
 
 Londongrove 1642 
 
 New London 943 
 
 East Marlborough 1476 
 
 West Marlborough 1176 
 
 New Garden 1540 
 
 Newlin 791 
 
 Ea.«t Nottingham 1361 
 
 West Nottingham 829 
 
 East Nantmeal 968 
 
 West Nantmeal 1032 
 
 Lower Oxford 1421 
 
 Upper Oxford 1105 
 
 Oxford borough 482 
 
 Penn 726 
 
 Pennsbury 847 
 
 Pocopson 617 
 
 Parkesburg borough 
 
 Phoenixville borough 4886 
 
 East Pikeland 793 
 
 West Pikeland 905 
 
 Sadsbury 2589 
 
 Schuylkill 1439 
 
 Spring City borough 
 
 West Sadsbury 
 
 Tredyffrin 1938 
 
 Thornbury 253 
 
 Uwchlan 810 
 
 Upper Uwchlan 836 
 
 Valley 2125 
 
 East Vincent 1681 
 
 West Vincent , 1407 
 
 Warwick 1410 
 
 Walliice 758 
 
 West Chester borough 4757 
 
 M'eattown 659 
 
 Williftown 1521 
 
 East Whiteland 1187 
 
 West AVhiteland 1214 
 
 The population of the principal villages in 1880 was as 
 follows : 
 
 1870. 
 
 1880. 
 
 
 347 
 
 450 
 
 503 
 
 1033 
 
 1054 
 
 1638 
 
 1615 
 
 1011 
 
 1012 
 
 933 
 
 858 
 
 907 
 
 902 
 
 2025 
 
 2767 
 
 996 
 
 8B3 
 
 233 
 
 539 
 
 1308 
 
 1275 
 
 1251 
 
 1465 
 
 651 
 
 569 
 
 1320 
 
 1259 
 
 1077 
 
 1480 
 
 839 
 
 831 
 
 737 
 
 845 
 
 922 
 
 966 
 
 1159 
 
 1048 
 
 1290 
 
 1461 
 
 953 
 
 1133 
 
 696 
 
 724 
 
 957 
 
 896 
 
 1968 
 
 1568 
 
 268 
 
 216 
 
 
 281 
 
 1308 
 
 1247 
 
 897 
 
 1021 
 
 660 
 
 620 
 
 714 
 
 727 
 
 1804 
 
 2148 
 
 912 
 
 891 
 
 1401 
 
 1.S37 
 
 1185 
 
 1146 
 
 1750 
 
 1942 
 
 778 
 
 779 
 
 1400 
 
 1360 
 
 880 
 
 864 
 
 920 
 
 937 
 
 1082 
 
 1028 
 
 1500 
 
 1429 
 
 1086 
 
 1096 
 
 1162 
 
 1502 
 
 692 
 
 739 
 
 774 
 
 795 
 
 573 
 
 564 
 
 
 817 
 
 5292 
 
 6681 
 
 826 
 
 804 
 
 1202 
 
 1005 
 
 2403 
 
 749 
 
 1696 
 
 1416 
 
 
 1112 
 
 
 693 
 
 is97 
 
 1975 
 
 235 
 
 262 
 
 794 
 
 698 
 
 783 
 
 848 
 
 1165 
 
 1187 
 
 1961 
 
 1252 
 
 1298 
 
 1238 
 
 1266 
 
 1267 
 
 748 
 
 711 
 
 5630 
 
 7046 
 
 819 
 
 84S 
 
 1552 
 
 1620 
 
 1223 
 
 1273 
 
 1177 
 
 1345 
 
 Charlestown 50 
 
 Lawrenccville 152 
 
 HuBlonvillo 130 
 
 Kimberton 82 
 
 Rookville 215 
 
 Avondale 323 
 
 West Grove 278 
 
 Toughkenamon 241 
 
GEOLOGY OP CHESTER COUNTY. 
 
 435 
 
 Madison , 164 
 
 Jennerville 87 
 
 Salisbury ville 212 
 
 Vnllev Forge 184 
 
 Pughtown 80 
 
 Kusscllville 98 
 
 Mivrshallton 278 
 
 Cochrativille 122 
 
 Springfield 214 
 
 Nottingham 62 
 
 Gallagherville 107 
 
 Eroildoun 126 
 
 Medina 126 
 
 Berwjn 168 
 
 Ilamorton 169 
 
 Chatham 123 
 
 Landentiorg 368 
 
 Cedarvillo 184 
 
 Pott«town Landing 214 
 
 Pomeroy 77 
 
 Harvey ville 78 
 
 Coventry yille 110 
 
 Howell ville 114 
 
 Lionville 114 
 
 Romaesville 64 
 
 Steelovillo 79 
 
 Fremont 59 
 
 Walkers', or Whiteland 112 
 
 The population by the same census (1880) of Phcenix- 
 ville and West Chester boroughs by wards was : 
 
 Phoenixville. — North AVnrd 2516 
 
 South Ward 4ie6 
 
 Total 6081 
 
 West Chester.— North Ward 1343 
 
 JSouth Ward 1849 
 
 Eastward 1732 
 
 Westward 2122 
 
 Total 7046 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY, TOPOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, ETC. 
 
 GEOLOGY OP CHESTER COUNTY* 
 
 In describing the geological formation of Chester County 
 we shall in part adopt the language of Prof. Rogers in his 
 description of the course, extent, character, and dip of the 
 several strata within the county, as given in the survey of 
 the State of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Chester County, geologically considered, is situated " in 
 the Atlantic slope district," which embraces " all that part 
 of the State lying between the tide-waters of the Delaware 
 and Susquehanna Rivers and the southeast base of the 
 range of hills known as the South Mountain." " All of 
 Chester County lying south of the Great Valley, embracing 
 more than half of its area, is formed of rocks which belong 
 to the primary stratified group. These consist chiefly of 
 gneiss, with a small belt of mica and talc slate lying in con- 
 tact with the auroral limestone of the Great Valley, and 
 bounding the southern gneiss on the north and west. 
 
 " The first belt of gneiss enters Chester County on the 
 east from the adjoining county of Delaware, and from New 
 Castle Co., Del., on the southeast and south; gradually 
 expanding in a northeast and southwest direction, it em- 
 braces the whole of the townships of Willistown, East and 
 West Goshen, East and West Bradford, when it reaches 
 the Brandywine." " After crossing the creek the belt 
 rapidly widens," and occupies all of the townships of Penns- 
 bury, Pocopson, Newlin, East and West Marlborough, Ken- 
 net, New Garden, Penn, and Londongrove. Bounding 
 the northern and western extremities of the gneiss, and 
 immediately in contact with the southern margin of the 
 primitive or auroral limestone of the Great Valley, is the 
 talc and mica slate range. The talc slate lies next the 
 limestone, and is elevated into a high ridge, usually known 
 as the South Valley Hill. "This formation passes so 
 gradually into the mica slate, which lies on its southern 
 border, as to render it impossible, except in particular in- 
 stances, to delineate them separately." "The mica and, 
 talc slates enter Chester County at its northeast extremity, 
 from the adjoining county of Montgomery, by a narrow 
 
 « By W. D. Hartman, M.D. 
 
 zone about a mile in width, and passing across the county 
 in a northeast and southwest direction, gradually widening 
 as it proceeds," it occupies the southern margin of the 
 townships of East and West Whiteland and East Cain, the 
 northern parts of Easttown, Willistown, East and W^est 
 Goshen, East and West Bradford, Highland, and East and 
 West Fallowfield, where it rapidly expands, and passes west 
 into the southern part of Lancaster County. In the town- 
 ship of West Fallowfield the belts of talc and mica slate 
 are suddenly deflected to the south, and after embracing 
 nearly the western half of the townships of Upper and 
 Lower Oxford and East and West Nottingham, it passes 
 out of the southwestern border of the county, into Cecil 
 Co., Md. The mica and talc slate formations of Chester 
 County are about two thousand feet thick, and in their 
 mineralogical features they correspond with the gold-bear- 
 ing talc slates of Virginia and North Carolina, with which 
 they are continuous. These strata are evidently sedimen- 
 tous, and were probably deposited at the bottom of a great 
 estuary, during the earliest period of geological history. 
 " The townships of London Britain, Franklin, New Lon- 
 don, and the greater part of East and West Nottingham, 
 Upper and Lower Oxford, and Londonderry, are occupied 
 by gneiss and mica slates, interspersed with occasional belts 
 of hornblende and stratified sienitic rock." " Extending 
 in nearly a direct line from Willistown township, in the 
 northeast, to the southern extremity of West Nottingham 
 township, in the southwestern part of the county, numerous 
 serpentine ridges and spurs of variable shape and extent 
 occur," some of which inclose chromate of iron, silicate of 
 magnesia, corundum, feldspar, and asbestos, besides other 
 varieties of minerals common to this formation. The ease 
 with which serpentine is wrought has within a few years 
 o'reatly increased the demand for this material for building 
 purposes, and the numerous stately architectural buildings 
 now witnessed attest the favor in which Chester County 
 serpentine is held for puHic and private edifices. Numer- 
 ous beds of primitive or auroral limestone occur through- 
 out the southern gneiss-belt. These have escaped the 
 general denudations that swept the eastern part of the State, 
 
436 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 in consequence of lying in the folds or synclinal troughs 
 of the primitive or gneiss formation. Igneous agency has 
 destroyed all traces of fossils within these beds, and if we 
 except some in the neighborhood of Doe Run, which after 
 incineration exhibit the Oolitic structure, no traces of ani- 
 mal or vegetable existence are to be found in them. In the 
 numerous outcrops of the igneous and unstratified veins of 
 granite, serpentine, greenstone, limestone, and trap rocks 
 which have been injected through the southern gneiss-belt, 
 many elegant cystalline minerals are found, which for 
 many years has placed Chester County in the front rank of 
 mineral localities, from which the mineralogist has often 
 drawn his richest and most beautiful treasures. " The gen- 
 eral direction of the gneiss, together with those of the mica 
 and talc slate formations of the southern part of Chester 
 County, is northeast and southwest. The dip of the rocks, 
 together with those of the included beds of lime and ser- 
 pentine, is southeast at a steep angle. 
 
 " To the north of the great limestone valley, and em- 
 bracing more than two-thirds of the area of the northern 
 half of the county, is another large belt of the gneiss forma- 
 tion:" "The junction of this with the northern margin 
 of the primitive or auroral limestone of the Great Valley 
 is concealed by the overlapping of the sandstone of the 
 Valley Hill." (Formation I. of the State survey.) " The 
 northern gnei.ss-belt of Chester County commences at the 
 northeast part of the county by a very narrow zone, after 
 which it expands rapidly in a southwest direction, embracing 
 the northern part of Charlestown township, the southern 
 part of Schuylkill and East Pikeland, and the whole of 
 West Pikeland, West Vincent, U,wchlan, East and West 
 Nantmeal, East and West Brandywine, and parts of Honey- 
 brook, West Cain, and Sadsbury, where it passes into Lan- 
 caster County, " having French Creek for its northern 
 boundary, and the base of the North Valley Hill for its 
 southern limit." "The northern margin of this gneiss 
 belt, from Valley Forge to the eastern extremity of the 
 Welsh Mountain, passes beneath the middle secondary red 
 sandstone (Formation V.), and on the northwest beneath 
 the older sandstone (Formation I.), of the Welsh IVfountain 
 itself." The structure of the northern gneiss-belt is more 
 coarsely crystalline than that of the southern part of the 
 county ; the predominant constituent is feldspar, and the 
 rocks contain more hornblende and less mica than the latter. 
 
 In numerous places in the townships of East and West 
 Pikeland, East and West Vincent, and Uwchlan numerous 
 beds of hematitic iron ore and carburet of iron, or plum- 
 bago, exist. Small trap dykes often occur in the vicinity 
 of these ore-beds. Several small beds of highly crystalline 
 limestone are also found in this gneiss-belt. All the rocks 
 and their included minerals of this part of the county ex- 
 hibit the effects of a greater amount of heat than those of 
 the southern part. The dip of the rocks of the northern 
 gneiss-belt, together with the included beds of iron and 
 limestone, is in conformity with those of the southern part 
 of the county, before described ; in the southern part of 
 Schuylkill township, near the junction of the gneiss with 
 the middle secondary, or mesozoic red sandstone, but within 
 •the former several parallel lead-bearing veins or lodes occur. 
 They are found filling fissiires in the rock, transversely to 
 
 the general direction of the strata in which they occur. 
 All these mineral injections or lodes have a general north- 
 east and southwest direction, and they vary from a few 
 inches to upwards of two feet in thickness. The dip of 
 these veins is southeast, in some instances approaching the 
 perpendicular. Of all these lodes the Wheatley mine, in 
 Charlestown township, is the most celebrated for the beauty 
 and variety of its mineral products, the various salts of 
 lead being the most magnificent of any ever obtained in 
 lead-mining, and unequaled by anything to be seen in the 
 cabinets of Europe. The reputation of this mine for the 
 beauty and variety of its. minerals for many years rendered 
 it the Mecca of specimen-hunters. 
 
 " Somewhat to the north of the centre of the county, 
 and extending across it by a narrow zone, varying from one 
 to three miles in width, is the primitive or auroral lime- 
 stone which forms the Great Valley. Entering it from the 
 adjoining county of Motrtgomery, where it commences near 
 Willow Grove, the formation extends in a northeast and 
 southwest direction, occupying the northern part of the 
 township of Tredyifrin, East and West Whiteland, the 
 central parts of East and West Cain, Valley, and the southern 
 part of Sadsbury, where it passes into Lancaster County. 
 On the north it is bounded by the southern base of the 
 Valley Hill, which consists of white sandstone (Formation 
 I.) ; its southern limit is the northern base of the Talc Slate 
 Ridge, or South Valley Hill, which also extends across the 
 whole breadth of the county." In many places where it 
 is in contact with the talc slate it is slaty-, and is strongly 
 marked by the igneous action which upturned the latter, 
 and which probably destroyed all traces of organic struc- 
 ture in the limestone. If we except a few instances in the 
 neighborhood of the Steamboat, which some geologists 
 think may resemble large fucoids, no trace of organic remains 
 is to be found. The texture is compact, slightly crystalline 
 or granular, and sometimes slaty, and the colors vary from 
 blue to white, which are often alternated in the same bed. 
 " The dip of the strata is very uniform, being south at an 
 angle of 60° to 65°." Several beds of iron and plumbago 
 occur in this formation. The ores of the former are 
 silicious but ricih, while the latter, in consequence of their 
 proximity to the talc slate, are talcose or earthy, and unfit 
 for the purposes to which this mineral is applied. 
 
 " The next formation in the order of superposition is the 
 extensive slates and sandstones which constitute the lowest 
 member of our older secondary or Appalachian rocks 
 (Formation I.) of the State survey." " The principal 
 ridges of this formation in Chester County which have 
 escaped the general denudation which has removed so 
 much of the secondary rocks from the southern part of 
 the State are the Welsh Mountain, Coppermine Rid'^e 
 and the North Valley Hill, besides two or three other 
 minor hills hereafter noticed." The most extended belt 
 of this formation, called the North Valley Hill, is a Ion", 
 elevated ridge, of almost uniform width, bounding the 
 northern margin of the primitive or auroral limestone, 
 and conceals the junction of the latter with the northern 
 gneiss-belt." The white sandstone formation emerges 
 from beneath the overiapping of the mesozoic, or middle 
 secondary sandstone (Formation V.), at the hill near the 
 
MkimM^^Mlj 
 
GEOLOGY OF CHESTER COUNTY. ' 
 
 437 
 
 Valley Forge upon ■which Gen. Washington encamped 
 during the memorable winter of 1777, known as Mount 
 Washington, and runs in a westerly direction to Bart 
 township, Lancaster Co." The strata within the county 
 'varies from 1000 to 2000 feet in thickness, and con- 
 sists of three divisions, known as the upper, middle, 
 and lower primal slates. " East of Coatesville very little 
 of the primal slates are found, but when Coatesville is 
 reached the slates exceed the sandstone strata in thick- 
 ness, the upper members of the series being 700 feci thick, 
 while the sandstone is but thirty-five feet. From this 
 point the primal sandstone is surmounted by the upper, 
 middle, and lower slates, in descending order, until the 
 North Valley Hill joins Coppermine Ridge. " The cen- 
 tral crest of the Valley Hill consists of sandstone, which 
 is the middle member of the series, the northern flank 
 being occupied by the lower primal slates, and the southern 
 flank by the upper,"' showing that the chief denuding 
 force" which cut down this hill came from the north. Be- 
 tween Downingtown and Valley Forge we meet with faint 
 impressions of a few fucoids, and near the Valley Hill 
 the §iColythus Linearis is found. The impressions of fu- 
 coids are also seen near Trimble's mill, where the road 
 from West Chester to Lionville crosses the Valley Hill, 
 and where the hill has been cut down almost to the gneiss. 
 A beautifully-preserved vegetable fossil may be seen on a 
 stone in the mill-wall, near the door. " The Welsh Moun- 
 tain, which is another ridge of these sandstone formations, 
 is situated at the northwest extremity of the county, and 
 bounds the northern margins of the townships of West 
 Nantmeal and Honeybrook. It runs in a southwestern 
 direction, and extends from the village of Springfield, in 
 West Nantmeal, to tlie county of Lancaster, where it ter- 
 minates in Earl township. Southwest from this is another 
 ridge, known as Coppermine Ridge, which originates west 
 of the village of Sadsbury, and passing southwest through 
 this and the adjoining township of Sadsbury, also enters 
 Lancaster County, and terminates on Big Beaver Creek. 
 Three or four smaller hills of this formation occur in the 
 county, one of which is in the lower part of Uwchlan 
 township, another north of the Friends' meeting-house in 
 Londongrove township, and a still larger one south of the 
 village of Chatham." A portion of this formation may 
 also be traced on the West Chester and Wilmington road, 
 north of Dilworthtown, a quarry of which exists on John 
 Woodward's farm. This formation is supposed at one 
 time to have covered the surface of Chester County to the 
 depth of several thousand feet, and at the known rate of 
 a foot a century in which such deposits occur, it would 
 have required several thousand years for its completion. 
 The lower layers of the Potsdam sandstone are more solid 
 and compact than the upper. This was probably the re- 
 sult of two forces, the lower receiving the greater amount 
 of heat from its contact with the gneiss, as well as the 
 pressure from the weight of the superincumbent rock. In 
 the upper series of these sandstone rocks we find ripple- 
 marks, mud-cracks, worm-burrows, and occasionally the 
 track of' a marsupial animal, showing that the continent at 
 that period was slowly emerging from the ocean. Within 
 this county, however, the fossils are confined to the fucoids 
 
 and the Scolythus Linearis. " The general direction of 
 these sandstone ranges is northeast and southwest, and the 
 dip of the strata is southeast, at an angle of 70°. The 
 thickness of the several members of the strata varies from 
 100 to 650 feet each." 
 
 " The next strata in order is the secondary limestone (For- 
 mation II.) of the State survey, which forms Pequea Valley. 
 This formation enters West Cain township on its western 
 border, and then runs east to join Coppermine Ridge. On 
 its northern and eastern border it overlaps the gneiss, 
 and on the south it is in contact with the sandstone of Mine 
 Ridge (Formation I.) In Honeybrook township there is 
 another small bed of this limestone, situated at the base of 
 a ridge of Formation I. The dip of Formation II. is south- 
 east at an angle of 45°, and the thickness is supposed to be 
 about 6000 feet." 
 
 That part of Chester County lying between the Schuy!- 
 kill River and French Creek is occupied by a portion of 
 the mesozoic or red shale formation (Formation V. of the 
 State geological survey), and is a part of a belt which ex- 
 tends from New York to Virginia, and which at one time 
 was part of a wide estuary that floated the sediment which 
 went to form these rocks, " the shore-line of which is still 
 visible in the valley of the French Creek, which is marked 
 by a succession of hills that prevented the waters from 
 flowing south." " The formation consists of layers of dark, 
 reddish-brown sandstone, alternated with soft slates, calca- 
 reous shales, and coarse conglomerates. It is made up of 
 angular fragments of quartz and feldspar, together with por- 
 tions of the adjoining gneiss rocks, the whole being cemented 
 together by a reddish-brown argillaceous matter, which im- 
 parts to this, formation its peculiar red color." The town- 
 ships embraced by this formation are the eastern half of 
 East Pikeland, East Vincent, Warwick, and North, East, 
 and South Coventry, together with a large part of Schuyl- 
 kill. 
 
 " The southern margin of this strata overlaps the gneiss 
 of the northern part of the county, but after passing into 
 Berks and Lancaster Counties it is often in contact with 
 Formations I. and II. The dip of the strata is north to north- 
 west at an angle of 15° to 25°, and its thickness is about 2000 
 feet." Numerous trap dykes occur in this and adjoining 
 strata of the northern part of the county, which appear to 
 have been injected through the rocks in a state of fusion ; 
 the undulations of the earth's crust, which was accompanied 
 by intense heat at this period, produced numerous fissures 
 in this and adjoining strata, which are now occupied by 
 veins of iron, copper, lead, and plumbago, chiefly the 
 former, for which this part of the county is celebrated. 
 The iron is usually " found in the folds or troughs of the 
 gneiss, and is derived from the red sandstone which has 
 yielded up its iron by the process of filtration, which has 
 been deposited in the positions where it is now found, and 
 where it has been modified by the action of heat, which is 
 manifest in the geodes of iron containing beautiful irides- 
 cent stalactites." 
 
 The several veins of lead and copper which border the 
 junction of the gneiss and new red sandstone, in the neigh- 
 borhood of Phcenixville, are true mineral lodes or injec- 
 tions, and were deposited contemporaneously with the move- 
 
438 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ment of the earth's crust which dislocated the rocks in this 
 part of the county. The rocks of the new red sandstone, 
 in the neighborhood of Phoenixville, are often found to 
 contain immense numbers of the exuvije-of the genera 
 Cypris and Estheria. small fresh-water Crustacea, and in the 
 neighborhood of Valley Forge large coprolites are found, 
 showing that immense fish, probably Ichthyosaurus or Ple- 
 siosaurus, visited this vast estuary. Two species of lingula 
 are also found in the rocks above Phoenixville, covered in 
 some instances by crystallized quartz. 
 
 The Keuper slate is third in the series into which geolo- 
 gists divide the mesozoic or new red sandstone. This strata 
 is well developed in the cutting of the Black Rock tunnel 
 of the Heading Eailroad, at Phoenixville, in this county. 
 Through the persistent efforts of Charles M. Wheatley, 
 Esq., many fossil remains, both animal and vegetable, have 
 been rescued from the ancient bone-bed of these hard slates, 
 and have been made known to science by Mr. Wheatley and 
 Professor E. D. Cope. Among these are the remains of the 
 Labyrinthodon, together with those of shark, and other large 
 fish possessing formidable teeth, whose carcasses, after death, 
 were swept by the tides into this cove of a great estuary, 
 or visited it while living. 
 
 MINERALOGY. 
 The best exhibit, perhaps, which we can present of the 
 rocks, minerals, and ores found in Chester County is the 
 following table, arranged by George G. Groff, M.D., Natu- 
 ral Science Professor in the West Chester, Pa., State Nor- 
 mal School : 
 
 THE MOST COMMON MINERALS, ORES, AND ROCKS OF 
 CHESTER COUNTY, PA. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 QoABTZ. —Hardness, *7; white, red, blue, yellow; lustre, glassy; 
 brittle; form, six-sided crystals and massive; brealis irregularly; 
 composition, silica (SiOz) ; common in all parts of the county; the 
 most abundant of all our minerals; cuts glass readily; infusible. 
 
 Chalcebony. — Hardness, 7; all colors; lustre, waxy; tough; form, 
 massive, no crystals; has a curved fracture; composition, silica; com- 
 mon on serpentine barrens, and in Warwiolc; a variety of quartz, 
 often translucent, and in beautiful forms. 
 
 Jasper. — Hardness, 7; red, yellow; lustre, earthy; tough; form, 
 massive; has a curved fracture; composition, silica and clay; common 
 on barrens. West Goshen ; a variety of quartz, made impure by presence 
 of clay. 
 
 Calcite. — Hardness, 3; white, all colors; lustre, glassy, pearly; 
 brittle; form, crystals, rhombs, prisms; cleaves into crystals; compo- 
 sition, carbonate of lime; common in mines and limestone quarries; 
 this is limestone purified and crystallized, same as marble. 
 
 Dolomite. — Hardness, 4; white, yellow, red; lustre, glassy, pearly; 
 brittle; form, crystals, rhombs, massive; cleaves into crystals; com- 
 position, carbonate of lime and magnesia; found in mines, and lime- 
 stone south of Great Valley ; calcite and magnesia; both effervesce in 
 acids. 
 
 SEnpENTiNE. — Hardness, 3-6; shadeof green ; lustre, feeble; brittle; 
 form, massive, no crystals; breaks irregularly; composition, silica, 
 magnesia, water; found in barrens, south and western part of county; 
 distinguished by its green color and soft, greasy feel. 
 
 Talc. — ^Hardness, 1; white, green; lustre, pearly, greasy; flexible; 
 form, in scales and plates; splits into thin loaves; composition, silica, 
 magnesia, water; common with serpentine; distinguished from mica 
 by its greasy feel, and is not elastic as mica. 
 
 HouNBLENDE. — Hardness, 5-6 ; brown, black ; lustre, pearly, glassy ; 
 tough; form, crystals, blades, scales; cleaves in smooth blades; com- 
 position, silica, magnesia, iron, ca. ; found in gneiss rocks, and at 
 Knauertown ; the dark mineral in our gneiss and hornblende or 
 trap rock.". 
 
 TouEMALiNE. — Hardness, 7; brown, black, red; lustre, glassy; 
 brittle; form, long, three-sided, striated crystals; breaks irregularly ; 
 composition, silica, lime, magnesium, iron ; common in all south and 
 western part of the county; often resembles hornblende, but usually 
 in long, fine, radiating crystals.' 
 
 Mica. — Hardness, 2; whitish; lustre, pearly; elastic; form, in 
 plates and scales; splits into thin leaves; composition, silica, potas- 
 sium, al. fe. ; common in south and western part of county; many 
 varieties, but all are in thin plates, elaatic, and not greasy. 
 
 Feldspars. — Hardness, 6; white, all colors; lustre, glassy, pearly; 
 brittle; form, usually massive; splits readily in plates; composition, 
 silica,. potassium, al.j found in gneiss rocks, and south and western 
 part of county; many varieties; the light-colored constituent of our 
 gneiss rocks. 
 
 Asbestos. — Hardness, 1-4; white, gray; lustre, dull, silky; tough; 
 form, in fibres, like linen or wood; splits into fibres; composition, 
 silica, magnesia, lime, etc.; common with serpentine; its fibrous 
 nature marks it. A mineral of increasing value. 
 
 Garnet. — Hardness, 7; all colors; lustre, glassy, resinous; brittle; 
 form, round crystals, dodecahedrons; breaks uneven; composition, 
 silica, fe. ca. mn.; common in gneiss and mica schist; always in 
 crystals, which are never elongated. 
 
 Cyanite. — Hardness, 4-7 ; blue, green, white, yellow ; lustre, glassy, 
 pearly; tough; form, in long, flat blades; splits readily one wiiy; 
 composition, silica, aluininii, fe. ; found in south and western part of 
 county; its long-bladed crystals and bright blue colors distinguish 
 it. 
 
 Tuemolite. — Hardness, 6 ; gray, green, white ; lustre, glassy ; 
 brittle; form, massive, fibrous; splits irregularly; composition, silica, 
 lime, magnesia; found in southern part of county; bladed or fibrous 
 crystals, gray or white color. 
 
 Actinolite. — Hardness, 5-6 ; bright green ; lustre, glassy ; brittle ; 
 form, crystals, columnar, fibrous ; smooth and even ; composition, 
 silica, magnesia, lime, fe. ; found in southern part of- c(^nty ; bladed 
 or acicular crystals, and bright green or yellow colors. 
 
 Magsesite. — Hardness, 4-5-; white, yellow; lustre, glassy, dull; 
 sectile; form, crystals, granular, massive; even, smooth; composition, 
 magnesia, carbonic acid; common in serpentine quarries; radiated 
 crystals on serpentine; foams in acids. 
 
 Apatite. — Hardness, 5 ; green, all colors ; lustre, glassy, all colors ; 
 brittle; form, crystals, massive; even, good; composition, phosphate 
 of lime; found in limestone in the southern part of county; in 
 abundance, this mineral would be very valuable for its phosphoric 
 acid. 
 
 Graphite. — Hardness, 1; iron-black; lustre, metallic; sectile; 
 form, scales, massive; into scales; composition, pure carbon; found 
 in gneiss in Uwchlan, Charlestown, Pikeland; soils white paper; is 
 infusible; a valuable mineral. 
 
 CoRiiNDUJi. — Hardness, 9; blue, gray, brown; lustre, glassy; tough; 
 form, crystals, massive; good in crystals; composition, pure alumina- 
 found in granular albite in Newlin ; next to the diamond in hardness • 
 very valuable. 
 
 Bpidote. — Hardness, 6-7; green, yellow; lustre, glassy; brittle- 
 form, crystals, massive : even, good ; composition, silica, lime, fe. mn. • 
 usually on hornblende in central parts of county; distinguished by its 
 peculiar yellow-green color. 
 
 Aeagonite. — Hardness, 4; white, yellow, red; lustre, glassy; brit- 
 tle; form, crystals, massive; even, good; composition, carbonate of 
 lime; found in mines and quarries throughout county; same as 
 calcite, but harder, in six-sided crystals; efi'ervesces in abids. 
 ■ Scapolite. — Hardness, 5-6; gray, all light colors; lustre, greasy, 
 glassy; tough; form, crystals, massive; even in crystals; composi- 
 tion, silica, alumina, lime; found in New Garden, Kennet, Marl- 
 borough; heavier, and more fusible than feldspars; with acids gela- 
 tinizes. 
 
 Jeffemsite.— Hardness, 1-5; brown, yellow; lustre, pearly; brit- 
 tle; form, jilatee and scales; into thin plates; composition, silica, al. 
 fe. mg, water; found with serpentine in Westtown and Newlin - 
 swells up in fiame. Called after William W. Jefi'eris, of West Ches- 
 ter, Pa. 
 
 Deweylite.— Hardness, 2-5; yellow, brown; lustre, resinous; 
 brittle; form, massive, granular; into curved grains; composition, 
 silica, magnesia, water; found with serpentine in West Goshen and 
 West Nottingham ; known by its peculiar resinous appearance. 
 
 Fluorite.— Hardness, 4; purple, white; lustre, glassy; brittle; 
 
THE ZOOLOGY OF CHESTER COUNTY. 
 
 439 
 
 form, crystals, massive; even, regular; composition, fluoride of lime; 
 found in Pliocnixville, Newlin, and Tredyffrin; commonly of a beau- 
 tiful purple color, and on limestone or culiate. 
 
 Bekyl.— Hardness, 7-8 ; green ; lustre, glassy ; brittle ; form, in 
 hexagonal crystals and massive; breaks unevenly; composition, 
 silica, gluoinum, aluminium ; found in Newlin, East Nottingham, 
 Westtown; color and hexagonal crystals distinguish it. Contains 
 glucinum. 
 
 Staurolite.— Hardness, 7-8; brown, black; lustre, glassy; brittle; 
 form, in crystals which are never slender; uneven; composition, 
 silica, lime, aluminium, iron; found in West Bradford, West Goshen, 
 West Marlborough ; name from crystals, which are often cross-shaped, 
 never slender. 
 
 ZoisiTK. — Hardness, 6-7; green, gray; lustre, glassy, pearly; brit- 
 tle; form, in long, fluted crystals; splits sniootUly; composition, 
 silica, iron, lime, alumina; found on hornblende rocks, near West 
 Chester and Kennet; green color and crystals fluted, longitudinally 
 ma.rked. 
 
 ZiKicoN. — Hardness, 7-8 ; all colors except black ; lustre, adaman- 
 tine; brittle; form, crystals and grains; curved fracture; composition, 
 silica and zirconia; found in South Coventry, West Pikeland, East 
 Bradford, Cnionville; lustre, adamantine; hyacinthe, a variety of 
 zoisite. 
 
 Kaolin. — Hardness, 1; white; lustre, dull; sectile; form, massive; 
 even, earthy; composition, silica, alumina, water; found in Newlin 
 and East Nottingham, Kennet; formed by the decomposition of 
 gneiss and feldspar ; valuable. 
 
 Mabgauite. — Hardness, 4-5 ; white, gray; lustre, pearly ; sectile; 
 form, plates, scales ; splits into thin scales; composition, silica, alu- 
 mina, iron; found in Newlin, with corundum; a micaceous-like min- 
 eral, pearly ius^'e, implanted on corundum. 
 
 Chesteklite. — Hardness, 5-6 ; white, yellowish ; lustre, glassy, 
 pearly; brittle; form, crystals, very perfect; even, good; composition, 
 alumina, silica; found in poor-house quarry and Baily*s, East Marl- 
 borough; named from Chester County. 
 
 ORES. 
 Iron. 
 
 Pyrites. — Hardness, 6-7; pale brass-yollow ; streak, black ; brittle; 
 form, in cubes, crystals, massive; breaks irregularly; composition, 
 iron and sulphur; common in most parts of county; yellow color and 
 striking fire with knife mark it. 
 
 LiMONiTE. — Hardness, 2-6; brown, yellow; streak, yellow, yellow- 
 ish-brown; brittle; form, massive, columnar; fracture curved; com- 
 position, iron, oxygen, and water; this is our common iron ore; 
 brown or yellow color and yellow streak mark it. « 
 
 HEMATITE. — Hardness, 6-7 ; gray, black, red ; streak, red ; brittle ; 
 form, massive, in scales; irregular; composition, iron and oxygen; 
 found in Warwick, Phcenixville, East Brandy wine; not common; 
 bright, shining pieces, or in scales occasionally. 
 
 Magnetite.- — Hardness, 5-6; iron-black; streak, black; brittle; 
 form, crystals (octahedrons), massive; irregular; composition, iron 
 and oxygen; found in Warwick, Newlin, Westtown; rare, most valu- 
 able of the ores of iron. 
 
 Chromite. — Hardness, 6; iron-black; streak, dark brown; tough; 
 form, massive; irregular, uneven ; composition, iron and chromium ; 
 found with serpentine throughout the county ; often magnetic, on 
 fresh edge, dull lustre. 
 
 Titanic iron. — Hardness, 6; iron-black; streak, black to red; 
 brittle; form, massive usually; uneven, irregular; composition, iron 
 and titanium; found in Elk, Newlin, Westtown, Thornbury, East 
 Bradford; often magnetic, infusible, contains rare element titanium. 
 
 Lead. 
 Galena. — Hardness, 3; lead-gray, blue; streak, gray-blaok; brit- 
 tle; form, cubes, massive, granular; regular, smooth; composition, 
 lead and sulphur; found at the mines near Phcenixville; its cubical 
 form and soilness mark it. 
 
 PvBOMORpiiiTE. — Hardness, 4; green, brown, yellow, white; streak, 
 gray to white; brittle; form, columnar crystals; regular; composi- 
 tion, lead and phosphorus ; found at the lead-mines near Phcenixville ; 
 beautiful green columnar crystals; change form on heating. 
 
 Ceuussite. — Hardness, 3-5 ; white, green, black ; streak, gray to 
 white; brittle; form, hexagonal crystals; good and regular; compo- 
 sition, carbonate of lead; found at the lead-mines near Phcenixville; 
 fuses very readily, yielding. lead; forms in acids. 
 
 Anglesite. — Hardness, 3; white, adamantine lustre; streak, white ; 
 brittle; form, beautiful crystals; regular; composition, sulphate of 
 lead ; found at the lead-mines near Phcenixville ; fuses readily, but 
 does not foam in acids. 
 
 Copper, 
 
 Calcopyrite. — Hardness, 4; brass-yellow; streak, green-black; 
 sectile; form, crystals, massive: uneven, irregular; composition, cop- 
 per, iron, sulphur; found at the lead-mines near Phcenixville; re- 
 sembles iron pyrites, but is much softer. 
 
 Malachite. — Hardness, 3-5 ; emerald green ; streak, green ; brit- 
 tle ; form, massive, incrusting; smooth, curved; composition, car- 
 bonate of copper; found in Warwick and mines at Phcenixville; 
 colors flame green, foams in acids; valuable ore. 
 
 AzuniTE. — Hardness, 4; azure blue; streak, blue; brittle; form, 
 massive; regular, uneven; composition, carbonate of copper: found 
 in mines near Phcenixville; same as malachite, but of blue color. 
 
 CiiRYSOCOLLA. — Hardncss, 5; sky-blue green; streak, blue; brittle; 
 form, massive; curved fracture; composition, copper and silica; found 
 in Warwick and mines at Phcenixville; found with copper ores; forms 
 jelly with .icids. 
 
 Zinc. 
 
 Calamine. — Hardness, 4-5; white, pale-yellow; streak, gray; brit- 
 tle; form, crystals, massive; regular; composition, silica, zinc, water; 
 found at the mines near Phcenixville; silky tufts and small white or 
 yellowish crystals ; valuable 
 
 Sphalterite. — Hardness, 4; yellow, brown ; streak, yellow, brown ; 
 brittle; form, crystals, tables, massive; into plates, smooth; compo- 
 sition, zinc and sulphur; found at the lead-mines near Phcenixville; 
 bright glistening appearance, waxy lustre mark it; valuable. 
 
 Rutile. — Hardness, 6-7 ; black, red, adamantine ; streak, black- 
 brown; brittle; form, crystals, massive; imperfect; composition, 
 titanium and o.xygen; found in Sadsbury, East Bradford, New Gar- 
 den, Thornbury, Londongrove; brown, red color, mitred crystals; 
 " money stone." 
 
 Pyrolusite. — Hardness, 2; gray, iron-black; streak, black; sectile, 
 brittle; form, massive; uneven; composition, manganese and oxygen ; 
 found in Osborne's Hill, East Bradford; infusible; the black oxide of 
 manganese in chemistry, wad. 
 
 KOCKS. 
 
 Gneiss. — A hard, tough or brittle, light or dark rock, composed of 
 quartz, mica, and feldspar. Southeast part of county, and north of 
 North Valley Hill. 
 
 Mica Slate. — Same constituents as gneiss, but of a slaty structure, 
 owing to great excess of mica. In a belt through central and western 
 part of county. 
 
 Talc Slate. — Same as mica slate, but mica is replaced by talc; 
 soft and greasy feel ; associated with mica slate. 
 
 Serpentine. — Same as mineral serpentine, in the southern gneiss- 
 belt, in southeast of county, in isolated deposits. 
 
 Limestone. — Impure calcite, many parts of county, but principally 
 the great belt running length of Great Valley. 
 
 SANDSTONte. — Small grains of quartz cemented together. A belt 
 runs whole length of North Valley Hill. 
 
 Red Sandstone. — A soft shaly sandstone, colored red by oxide of 
 iron. In all parts of county north of French Creek. 
 
 Hornblende Rock. — A gneiss in which inica is replaced by horn- 
 blende; it is of dark color, hard and tough. 
 
 Trap. — An igneous (volcanic) rock, dark, hard, tough, consisting 
 here of feldspar and hornblende closely mixed. 
 
 Quartz. — Same as mineral quartz, rather a rock constituent than a 
 rock, as it never alone forms hills or mountains. 
 
 Scale of Hardness. — *1. Readily scratched by nail. (Talc.) 2. 
 Scarcely scratched by nail. (Gypsum.) 3. Scratched by a piece of 
 copper. (Calcite.) 4. Harder than copper, but will not cut glass. 
 (Finer.) 5. Scratches glass slightly. (Apatite.) 6. Scarcely scratched 
 by knife. (Feldspar.) 7. Is not scratched by knife. (Quartz.) 8. 
 Cannot bo filed, and scratches 7. (Topaz.) U; Scratches '8. (Corun- 
 dum.) 10. Scratches 9. (Diamond.) 
 
 THE ZOOLOGY OP CHESTER COUNTY.* 
 It is proposed to furnish plain and simple catalogues of 
 the animal, vegetable, and mineral productions of our district, 
 
 * Prepared principally by Dr. Ezra Michener. 
 
440 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 so far as they are known ; but as most animals and plants 
 are diffusive, and more or less cosmopolite in their habits, 
 it has been thought proper to includg such extralimital 
 species as are known to have occurred in neighboring dis- 
 tricts, and may be sought for in this. 
 
 THE MAMMALIA OF CHESTER COUNTY. 
 I.— Man. 
 Man is said to be derivative, — a higher development 
 from the lower grades. Whether this be so, his departure 
 is so great that we can no longer co-ordinate him with his 
 kindred ancestry (?), and must allot him a separate depart- 
 ment. 
 
 jBraiani'dffi.— The Family of Two-handed Animals. 
 Homo. 
 
 1. snpiens, — Intelligent; endowed with reason. 
 
 Var. -. Caucasinn. 
 Mongolian. 
 Ethiopian. 
 American. 
 Malay. 
 All of which present numerous sub-varieties, 
 
 II. — iNSECTiyoRA. — Insect- Bators. 
 . Vespei'tilinnidie. — The Family of the Bats. 
 Nycticejup, Raf. 
 
 2. crepusculan's, Le Conte, 1831. — The Twilight Bat. 
 Lasiurus, Raf. 
 
 3. novmboraeemia, Le Conte, 1831. — The New Yorlt Bat. 
 Scotopbilus, Leach. 
 
 4. carolinensiti, Geoff., 1806. — The Carolina Bat. 
 
 5. georgianuH, F. Cuv., 1832. — The Georgian Bat. 
 
 6. notitivagunBf Le Conte, 1831. — The Silvery Bat. 
 Vespertilio, Linn. 
 
 7. subtdattia, Say, 1823. — ^Say's Subulate Bat. 
 
 8. htci/ugita, Le Conte, 1831. — The Blunt-nosed Bat. 
 Sorecidm, — The Family of the Shrews. 
 
 Sorex, Linn., 1754. 
 
 9. forateri, Rich, 1828.— The Forster's Shrew. 
 
 10. plali/rhiima, De Kay, 1812. — The Eared Shrew. 
 Blarina, Gray, 1837. 
 
 11. talpoidea, Gapp, 1830. — The De Kay's Mole Shrew. 
 
 12. brei'icaiida, Say, 1823.— The Short-tailed Mole Shrew. 
 
 13. ciiierca, Back, 1837. — The Ash-colored Mole Shrew. 
 talpidx. — The Family of the Moles. 
 
 Soalops, Cuv., 1800. 
 
 14. aquaticuaf Linn., 1758. — The Common Mole.* 
 Condylura, Illig., 1811. 
 
 15. criatala, Linn., 1758. — The Star-nosed Molo.f 
 
 III. — Caenivoba. — Flesh-Eaters. 
 Felldx.— The Family of the Cats. 
 Foils, Linn., 1735. 
 
 16. coHcolur, Linn., 1771. — The American Panther. Hare, or Ext, 
 
 17. catua, Linn. — The Domesticated Cat. Com, 
 Lynx, Raf., 1817. 
 
 18. n(/<(«, Guld, 1776.— The American Wild Cat. Bare. 
 
 19. caiiadenaia, Raf., 1817.— The Canada Wild Cat. Ext. t 
 Canidse. — The Family of the Wolves. 
 
 Canis, Linn , 1735. 
 
 20. occidenlalia, Rich, 1829.— The American Wolf. Ext. f 
 
 21. fumiliaria, Linn. — The Domesticated Dog. Com. 
 Vulpes* 
 
 22. fulvm, Desm., 1820.— The Red Fox. Com. 
 
 23. virgi'uianm, Erxleb., 1777. — The Gray Fox. Jlare. 
 
 * This sometimes occurs of a silvery reddish-white color, and has been 
 mistaken for the S. argeritea of A. & B., if indeed they be not the 
 same. — B. M. 
 
 j- If I am not mistaken, this mole is more aquatic in its habits than 
 the preceding. 
 
 Mustclidm. — The Family of the Weasels. 
 Mustela, Linn., 1735. 
 
 24. pniiiantii, Erxleb., 1777. — The Black Cat. Fisher. Ext. f 
 Putorius, Cuv., 1817. 
 
 25. puaillna, De Kay, 1842. — The Lesser Weasel, Rare, or Ext. 
 
 26. «ovjc6o»-«ceu«ia, De Kay, 1842. — The Ermine Weasel. Com. 
 
 27. vison, Briss, 1756. — The Mink. Com. 
 
 28. furor, Linn. — The Ferret. (Domesticated.) Rare. 
 Lutra, Linn., 1735. 
 
 29. caiiadenaia, Sabine, 1823.^The American Otter. Rare. 
 Mephitis, Cuv., 1800. 
 
 30. mephilica, Shaw, 1792. — The Skunk. Com. 
 Vraidic. — The Family of the Bears. 
 
 Prooyon, Storrs, 1780. 
 
 31. lotor, Linn., 1758. — The Raccoon. Com. 
 Ursus, Linn., 1735. 
 
 32. aiiierieanua, Pallas, 1780. — The Black Bear. Rare. 
 
 IV. — Maiishpiala. — Pouched Animals. 
 Biadelphidis. — The Family of the Opossums. 
 Diadelphys, Linn., 1735. 
 
 33. virginiumte, Shaw, 1800. — The Opossum. Cum. 
 
 V. — RoDENTiA. — The Gnawing Animals. 
 Sciuridte. — The Family of the Squirrels. 
 Sciurus, Linn., 1735. 
 
 34. cinereua, Linn., 1758. — The Cat Squirrel. Rare. 
 
 35. caroUnemis, Gmel., 1788. — The Gray Squirrel. Com. 
 
 36. niger, Godman. — The Black Squirrel. Ext. .?j: 
 
 37. hudaoniua, Pallas, 1778. — The Red Squirrel. Com. 
 Pteromys, Cuv., 1800. 
 
 38. volucella, Pallas, 1778. — The Flying Squirrel. -Com. 
 Tamias, Illig., 1811. 
 
 39. etriatua, Linn., 1754. — The Ground Squirrel. Com. 
 Arotomys, Schreb, 1792. 
 
 40. moaox, Linn., 1758. — The Ground Hog. Marmot. Com. 
 Muridte. — The Family of Rats. 
 
 Castor, Linn., 1735. 
 
 41. canadenais, Kukl., 1820. — The Beaver. Exi.^ 
 laculus, Waglcr, 1830. 
 
 42. hudsoniiis, Zimm., 1730. — The Jumping Mouse. Rare. 
 Mus, Linn., 1735. 
 
 43. rattua, Linn., 1766.— The Black Rat. Rare. 
 
 44. decumaiuia, Pallas, 1778. — The Brown Rat. Com. 
 
 45. muaculua, Linn., 1766. — The House Mouse. Coin. 
 Hesperoorys, Waterhouse, 1839. 
 
 46. iciicopjis, Desm., 1822. — The Field Mouse. Covi. 
 
 47. nnttallii, Harlan, 1832. — The Red Mouse. Rare. 
 Ncatoma, Say and Ord., 1825. 
 
 48. floridama, Ord., 1818.— The Wood Rat. Rare. 
 Arvicola, Lacep., 1803. 
 
 49. riparia, Ord., 1825. — The Meadow Mouse. Con. 
 
 50. phielorum, Leo., 1829. — The Upland Meadow Mouse. Rare. 
 Fiber, Cuv., 1800. 
 
 51. z/ie(Aica, Linn., 1766. — The Musk Rat. Com. 
 Hyatricidte. — The Family of the Porcupines, 
 
 Erythizon, F. Cuv., 1822. 
 
 52. doraattia, Linn., 1758.^The American Porcupine. Ext. 
 
 J Although this is accounted only a variety of the gray squirrel, it 
 has maintained its identity to a remarkable degree, especially in the 
 West, where both abound. — E. M. 
 
 § No person with whom I have conversed, and some of them were 
 the grandsons of the first settlers, had seen a beaver. It would seem, 
 therefore, that the beaver were decreasing everywhere except in New- 
 foundland, and was exterminated here at an early period on account 
 of its fur. Fifty years ago a " beaver hat," now seldom seen, was the 
 ue pliia ultra of a gentleman's head covering. The name Beaver Dam, 
 given to a portion of the West Brandywine, a^little south of Balston's 
 Corners, is said to have been caused by a dam of those sagacious 
 animals, which existed ne.ir the site of the present fording and 
 bridge. As the ground on both sides of tlie stream some distance 
 above is nearly level and agrees in its main features with places still 
 selected by the beaver, the tradition is probably correct. That part of 
 the stream is a favorite resort of that best representative of the beaver, 
 the musk-rat. — I'ro/. McClmie. 
 

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 Chilstiat 
 
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 V 
 
 
 
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 [Phoenuiville 
 
 
 
 
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THE BIRDS OF CHESTER COUNTY. 
 
 441 
 
 Lepida. — The Family of the Babbits. 
 Lepus, Linn., 1735. 
 53. americanuB, Erxleb., 1777. — The White Rabbit. JExt. 
 64. eylvaticue, Bacls., 1857. — The Gray Babbit. Com, 
 
 VI. — EuMiNANTiA. — Ruminating Animals. 
 Ca-vidie. — The Family of the Deers. 
 Cervus, Linn. 
 55. canadeii«t«, Erxleb., 1777. — The Ellt. Ext. 
 66. virginianua, Bodd., 1784. — The Red Deer. Ext. f 
 Sovidm. — The Family of the Buffaloes. 
 Bos, Linn. 
 
 57. americamis, dm. — The American Buffalo. Hxt. 
 
 58. tauruSf Linn. — The Domesticated Ox. Oom. 
 Capridee. — The Family of the Goats and Sheep. 
 
 Capra, Linn. 
 
 59. segagrua, Cuv. — The Domesticated Goat. Com, 
 Ovis, Linn., 1735. 
 
 60. amnion, Linn. — The Domesticated Sheep. Com. 
 
 VII. — SoLiDUNGULA. — Hard-hoofod Animals, 
 Equides. — The Family of the Horses. 
 Equus, Linn. 
 
 61. caballua, Linn. — The Domesticated Horse. Com. 
 
 62. aainua, Linn. — The Domesticated Ass. Rare, 
 
 63. {hybridua.)— The Mule. Com.* 
 
 VIII. — Pachydeemata. — Thick-skinned Animals. 
 Suidx. — The Family of the Hogs, etc. 
 Sus, Linn. 
 
 64. acrofa, Linn. — The Domesticated Hog. Com. 
 
 IX. — Proboscidia. — Trunked Animals. 
 Elephidx. — The Family of the Elephants. 
 Elephas, Linn. 
 
 65. primogeniiis, Blum.^— The Fossil Elephant. Ext. 
 Mastodon, Cuv. 
 
 66. maximua, Cuv. — The Fossil Mastodon. Ext.'if 
 
 THE BIRDS OF CHESTER COUNTY. 
 
 I have before me two lists of the birds of Chester County, 
 — one collected by myself, mostly between 1834 and 1840 ; 
 the other by my friend, the late Vincent Barnard, at a 
 somewhat later period. On a careful comparison of these 
 lists, some twenty years ago, we were able to designate the 
 then known species of the county, and made the following 
 record : 
 
 "29th of 1st mo., 1861. — There has been discovered in the County, 
 to this time Two Hundred Speciea ; and there are forty-five which 
 may yet be found therein." 
 
 I am happy to say that the later labor of others, espe- 
 cially of my friend, B. Harry Warren, have added several 
 of those thus designated, with others, to the present list. 
 
 * The scientist may smile at this ; but, mule as he is, and always 
 must be, his services render him worthy of respectful notice in this 
 place along with his incongruous parents. — E. M. 
 
 f Perhaps many who will read this history may not know that the 
 alluvial depof^its of our county have for untold centuries been the 
 custodians of the fossil remains here noticed. The elephant and the 
 mastodon have each dropped us a molar tooth as a memorial of their 
 prior claim upon our soil. The former was obtained on the farm of 
 John G. Jackson, in the Hockesson Valley, who has kindly given it 
 to me. He writes, " It was found some five or six feet deep in a 
 meadow, under the black mud, as we call it,"n a. gravel stratum.'' 
 The latter was thrown out by a flood in White Clay Creek, in the 
 meadow of Howard L. Hoopes, near Avondale. The water falling 
 over u ledge of rock made a deep excavation, and the tooth was 
 thrown out among the dibria. It was purchased from the finder by 
 the late William Jackson, and presented to the West Chester Academy 
 of Natural Science, 
 
 Quite a number of fossil remains have been found in the limestone 
 caves, and in the rocky strata of the county, but I do not possess the 
 necessary data for their insertion. — E. M. 
 
 56 
 
 Vulluridx. — The Family of the Vultures. 
 Catbartes, Illiger, 1811. 
 
 1, aura, Linn., 1766.^ — The Turkey Vulture, or Buzzard. Com.X 
 Falconidai. — The Family of the Falcons, or Hawks. 
 
 Falco, Linn., 1766, 
 
 2, anatum, Bon,, 1838.— The Duck Hawk. 
 
 3, columbarhis, Linn., 1766. — The Pigeon Hawk. 
 
 i. ialandicua, Gmel., 1788.— The Ger Falcon, Iceland Falcon. J 
 
 5. apaveriua, Linn., 1766. — The Sparrow Hawk. 
 Astur, Lacepede. 
 
 6. atricapillua, Wils., 1812. — The Gos Hawk. 
 Aceipiter, Briss., 1760. 
 
 7. eooperii, Bon,, 1828. — The Cooper's Hawk. 
 
 8. fuaena, Gmel., 1788. — The Sharp-shinned Hawk. 
 Butea, Cuv., 1817. 
 
 9. borealU, Gmel., 1788,— The Red-tailed Hawk, 
 
 10. liniatua, Gmel., 1788, — The Red-shouldered Hawk. 
 
 11. pennaylvanicxia, Wils., 1812, — The Broad-winged Hawk. 
 Archibuteo, Brehm, 1828. 
 
 12. lagopua, Gm., 1788, — The Rough-legged Hawk, 
 
 13. aaiicti-johannia, Gm,, 1788, — The Black Hawk,|| 
 Ictinia, Vieill, 1816. 
 
 14. miasiaaippienaia, Wils., 1811. — Mississippi Kite (Barnard). 
 Circus, Lac, 1803, 
 
 15. Jiudaoniua, Linn., 1766. — The Marsh Hawk. 
 Aquila, Moehr, 1752. 
 
 16. canadenaia, Linn., 1766. — The Golden Eagle. 
 Halisetus, Savig., 1809. 
 
 17. leucocephahia, Linn., 1766. — The White-headed Bagle.f 
 
 J This heaven-appointed scavenger is less frequent now than it was 
 formerly. Then people dragged their dead animals away out of 
 reach of their own olfactories, perhaps with little thought of the an- 
 noyance to others. Now decent people bury them, and foreclose the 
 nuisance altogether, — a mark of progress. The C. aura has in a few 
 instances bred in this county. — E. M. 
 
 § If there is no mistake, this rare bird was obtained a few years 
 ago near West Chester. — (B. Harry Warren.) Audubon only found 
 it among the rocky cliffs of Labrador. 
 
 I Much confusion has prevailed respecting A. lagopua and A. 
 aancti-johannia. Certainly the plumage varies greatly with age. The 
 young dress of the former closely resembles that of the latter, and 
 they are generally accepted as one species; but authors hardly agree 
 which is the older bird. Is it possible that we may still confound a 
 true Black Hawk with young of the Rough-lega ? — E. M. 
 
 1[ The characteristic of this ignoble bird is that of a notorious high- 
 way robber. He has been thought an injudicious selection for our 
 national emblem; but the Indian, the African, and the Mexican all 
 approve the choice. He will sit for hours awaiting the operations of 
 that dextrous fisher, the fish-hawk. Whenever he sees that bird rise 
 from the water with a fish, he proceeds at once to Tob him of his 
 prey. The conflict has often been described ; but it seemed incred- 
 ible that a bird thickly and loosely covered with light feathers could 
 acquire the extraordinary speed necessary to overtake and capture 
 the flsh let drop by the hawk before it would reach the water, as has 
 been reported. 
 
 Near fifty years ago I stood, with some friends, on the shore of the 
 North East Bay, An eagle was seen perched on a tree, down shore, 
 and a flsh-hawk was coming up the bay on a fishing excursion. Sud- 
 denly the hawk came down with a tremendous swoop, converting the 
 water around him to a white foam, and immediately rose high in the 
 air with a large fish in his talons. Immediately the eagle left his 
 perch in pursuit and vigorously attacked the hawk till it obtained 
 the prize. The conflict appeared just as other observers have de- 
 scribed it. Indeed, we almost fancied that we saw the fish as it was 
 falling. But a careful consideration of what we witnessed has led to 
 a different conclusion. The eagle would rise above the hawk, and 
 then, in its descent, would rapidly pass downward by the hawk 
 which, in turn, would prepare to ward off the descending stroke, and 
 thus expose the fish, which was still held in one talon. This move- 
 ment was repeated three or four times, the eagle rising each time 
 above the hawk, till he at last succeeded in clutching the fish and 
 tearing it from the grasp of its rightful owner. It was cause for re- 
 gret that the captor thought it prudent to keep beyond the range of 
 our guns. 
 
442 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Pandion, Savig., 1809. 
 
 18. carolmensis, Gm., 1788.— The Fish Hawk.- 
 Strigida. — The Family of the Owls. 
 
 Strix, Linn., 1766. 
 
 19. pi-atincola, Bon., 1838.— The Earn Owl. 
 Bubo, Cut., 1817. 
 
 20. virginianun, 6m., 1788. — The Great Horned Owl. 
 Scops, Savig., 1809. 
 
 21. aaio, Linn., 1766.— The Mottled, or Screech Owl.* 
 Otus, Cuv., 1817. 
 
 22. wilsoniamis, Lesson, 1831. — The Long-eared Owl. 
 Brachyotns, Gould, 1837. 
 
 23. cassinii, Brewer. — The Short-eared Owl. 
 Syrnium, Savig., 1809. 
 
 24. nehuloamii, Forster, 1772. — The Barred Owl. 
 Nyotale, Brehm, 1828. 
 
 25. acacUca, Gm., 1788.— The Saw-whet Owl. 
 Nyctasa, Stephens, 1826, 
 
 26. nivea, Baud, 1800.— The White, or Snowy Owl. 
 Cuctdidx.— The Family of the Cuclioos. 
 
 Coccygus, Vieill, 1816. 
 
 27. americamig, Linn., 1766.— The Tellow-billed Cnekoo. 
 
 28. erytlirophthalmni, Wils., 1811.— The Black-billed Cuckoo. 
 Picidse. — The F,amily of the Woodpeckers. 
 
 Picus, Linn., 1748. 
 
 29. villoims, Linn., 1766. — The Hairy Woodpecker. 
 
 30. pubeacena, Linn., 1766. — The Downy Woodpecker. 
 Sphyrapicus, Baird, 1854. 
 
 31. varius, Linn., 1766. — The Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. 
 Hylatomus, Baird, 1851. 
 
 32. pileatus, Linn., 1766. — The Black Woodpecker.-f- 
 Centurus, Swainson, 1837. 
 
 33. caroUniia, Linn., 1766. — The Ked-bellied Woodpecker. 
 Melanerpes, Swainson, 1831. 
 
 34. erytlirocepliala, Linn., 1766. — The Red-headed Woodpecker. 
 Colapfes, Swainson, 1827. 
 
 35. auratiia, Linn., 1758. — The Golden-winged Woodpecker. 
 Trochilidie. — The Family of the Humming-Birds. 
 
 Trochilus, Linn., 1748. 
 
 36. colubria, Linn., 1766. — The Euby-throated Humming-Bird. 
 Cypselidte. — The Family of the Chimney-Swallows. 
 
 Chffitura, Steph., 1825. 
 
 37. pelaagia, Linn., 1766. — The Chimney-Bird, or Swift. 
 Caprimnlgidse. — The Family of the Goat-suckers, 
 
 Antrostomus, Gould, 1838. 
 
 38. voei/erna, Wils., 1812.— The Whip-poor-will. 
 Chordeiles, Swainson, 1831. 
 
 39. papetue, Vieill, 1807.— The Night Hawk. 
 Alcedinidse. — The Family of the Kingfishers. 
 
 Ceryle, Boie, 1828. 
 
 40. alcyon, Linn., 1766. — The Belted Kingfisher. 
 Colopteridie. — The Family of the Fly-catchers. 
 
 TyrannuB, Cuv., 1799. 
 
 41. earolinenaiaf Baird, 1858. — ^The King Bird. 
 Myiarchus, Cab., 1844. 
 
 42. criiiiiiaj Linn., 1766. — Great-crested Fly-catcher. 
 Sayornis, Bon., 1834. 
 
 43. fmcua, Qm., 1788. — The Common Pewee. 
 Contopus, Cab., 1855, 
 
 44. borealis, Sw. and Rich, 1831. — The Olive-sided Fly-oatoher. 
 
 45. virena, Linn , 1766. — The Wood Pewee. 
 Empidonax, Cab., 1855. 
 
 46. trailie, Aud., 1832.— Trail's Fly-oatcher. 
 
 47. vnnimna, Baird, 1843. 
 
 48. acadiciia, Gm., 1788. — Small Green-crested Fly-catcher. 
 
 49. fiavivcntriBj Baird, 1843. — Yellow-bellied Fly-oatcher. 
 Turdidee. — The Family of the Thrushes. 
 
 Turdns, Linn., 1736. 
 
 50. mmtelinna, Gm., 1788.— The Wood Thrush. 
 
 '■^This anomalous creature is sometimes the Gray-mottled and some- 
 times the Red screech owl. I have repeatedly seen both parents and 
 chicks pf both colors; but I think not in the same family. The 
 problem has not been fully solved. — E. M. 
 
 f This noble and once common bird has disappeared with the forests 
 ^hifih afifo^:ded it protection, and is now about extinct. — B. M. 
 
 61. pallaaii, Cab., 1847.— The Hermit Thrush, 
 
 52. /uaceacene, Steph., 1817. — The Wilson's Thrush. 
 
 53. awainaonii, Cab., 1844. — -The Olive-backed Thrush, 
 
 54. migratoriua, Linn., 1766.— The Bobin. 
 Sialia, Swains., 1827. 
 
 65. alalia, Linn., 1768. — The Blue-Bird. 
 Regulus, Cuv., 1799. 
 
 66. calendula, Linn., 1766. — -The Kuby-orowned Wren. 
 
 57. aatrapa. — Licht., 1823. — The Golden-crested Wren. 
 Sylvicolidce. — The Family of the Warblers. 
 
 Anthus, Brecht., 1862. 
 
 58. ludovicianua, Gm., 1788.— The Tit Lark. 
 Mniotilta, Vieill, 1816. 
 
 59. varia, Linn., 1766. — The Black and White Creeper. 
 Parulo, Bon., 1838. 
 
 60. avien'cana, Linn., 1768. — The Blue Yellow-backed Warbler. 
 Protonotaria, Baird, 1858. 
 
 61. citrea, Bodd., 1783.— The Prothonatoy Warbler. 
 Gcothlypis, Cab., 1847. 
 
 62. trichaa, Linn., 1766. — The Maryland Yellow-throat. 
 
 63. Philadelphia, Wils., 1810. — The Mourning Warbler. 
 Oporornis, Baird, 1858. 
 
 64. agilia, Wils., 1812.— The Connecticut Warbler. 
 
 65. tephrocotia, Nutt., 1834. — The Michener's Warbler.J 
 
 66. formoaia; Wils., 1811.— The Kentucky Warbler. 
 Icteria, Vieill, 1790. 
 
 67. viridia, Gm., 1788.— The Yellow-breasted Chat, 
 Helmintherus, Eaf., 1819. 
 
 68. vermivorua, Gm., 1788. — The Worm-eating Warbler. 
 Helminthophaga, Cab., 1860. 
 
 69. pinna, Linn., 1766. — The Blue-winged Yellow Warbler, 
 
 70. ehryaoptera, Linn., 1766. — The Golden-winged Warbler. 
 
 71. ruficapilla, Wils., 1811.— The Nashville Warbler. 
 
 72. peregrina, Wils., 1811. — The Tennessee Warbler. 
 Seiurus, Swainson, 1827. 
 
 73. aurocapillua, Linn., 1766. — The Golden-crowned Thrush. 
 
 74. novmboracensie, Gm., 1788. — The Water Thrush. 
 
 76. ludovicianua, Aud., 1832. — The Large-billed Water Thrush. 
 Dendroioa, Gray, 1841. 
 
 76. virena, Gm., 1788. — The Black-throated Green Warbler. 
 
 77. tomnaendii, Nutt., 1837. — The Townsend's Warbler.g 
 
 78. canadenaia, Linn., 1766. — The Black-throated Blue Warbler. 
 
 79. coronata, Linn., 1766. — The Yellow-rumped Warbler, 
 
 80. blackburnia, Gm., 1788.— The Blaokburnian Warbler. 
 
 81. caatanea, Wils., 1810. — The Bay-breasted Warbler, 
 
 82. pinna, Wils., 1811. — The Pine Creeping Warbler. 
 
 83. pennaylvaniea, Linn., 1766. — The Chestnut-sided Warbler, 
 
 84. cBirulea, Wils., 1810.— The Blue Warbler. 
 
 85. atriata, Forster, 1772. — The Black-poll Warbler. 
 
 86. eestiva, Gm., 1788.— The Yeliow Warbler, 
 
 87. maculoaa, Gm., 1788.— The Black and Yellow Warbler, 
 
 J At the time I procured this bird the specimen was unique, and 
 Nuttall ventured to designate it new; but as others have since been 
 found, and always in the autumn, it is px'obable that they present the 
 autumnal dress of the young (?) 0. agilia. — B. M, 
 
 § This rare and beautiful bird was obtained by my friend, the late 
 John K. Townsend, on the banks of the Columbia River in 1835. It 
 is singular that a similar bird should have been obtained in this 
 county in 1868. "Mr. C. D. Wood, of Philadelphia, killed, near 
 Coatesville, a male of this species." — (B, Harry Warren.) Such rare 
 and distinguished visitors deserve respectful notice in the history of 
 our county. 
 
 " Sp. CA.— Above bright olive-green ; the feathers all black in the 
 centre, showing more, or less as streaks, especially on the crown. 
 Quills, tail, and upper fail-covert feathers dark brown, edged with 
 bluish gray. The wings with two white bands on the coverts. The 
 two outer tail feathers white, with a brown streak near the end; a 
 white streak only in the third feather. Under parts, as far as the 
 middle of the body, with the sides of the head and neck, including a 
 superciliary stripe, and spot beneath the eye, yellow. The median 
 portion of the side of the head, the chin, and throat, with streaks on 
 side of the breast, flanks, and under tail-coverts, black. The remain- 
 der of the under parts white. Length, o inches; wings, 2.65; tail; 
 2.25."— (S. F. Baird, Sec. Sm. Institution.) ° ; ' 
 
THE BIKDS OF CHESTER COUNTY. 
 
 443 
 
 88. tigrinn, Gin., 1788.— The Cape May Warbler. 
 
 89. palmarum, Gem., 1788.— The Yellow Red-poll Warbler. 
 
 90. superciliosa, Bodd., 1783. — The Yellow-throated Warbler. 
 
 91. discolor, Vieill, 1807.— The Prairie Warbler. 
 Myiodioctes, Aud., 1839. 
 
 92. mitratiis, Gm., 1788.— The Hooded Warbler. 
 
 93. pusilluf, Wils., 1811. — The Green Black-oapped Warbler. 
 
 94. canadensia, Linn., 1766. — The Canada Fly-oatoher. 
 Setophaga, Cab., 1847. 
 
 95. ruticilla, Linn., 1766.— The American Red-start, 
 Pyranga, Vieill, 1807. 
 
 96. rubra, Linn., 1766. — The Scarlet Tanager, 
 
 97. testiva, Gm., 1766. — The Summer Red Bird. 
 Hirundinidie. — The Family of the Swallows. 
 
 Hirundo, Linn., 1735. 
 
 98. horreorum, Barton, 1799. — The Barn Swallow. 
 
 99. Imifrom, Say, 1823.— The Cliff Swallow. 
 
 100. Ucolor, Vieill, 1807.— The White-bellied Swallow. 
 Cotyle, Boie, 1822. 
 
 101. riparia, Linn., 1766. — The Bank Swallow. 
 
 102. serripennii, Aud., 1838.— The Rough-winged Swallow. 
 Progne, Bon., 1826. 
 
 103. purpurea, Linn., 1736. — The Purple Martin, 
 Bomhycilljdie. — The Family of the Wax-wings. 
 
 Ampelis, Linn., 1735. 
 
 104. cedrorum, Vieill, 1807.- The Cedar Bird. 
 Zaniidse. — The Family of the Shrikes. 
 
 Collyria, Moehr, 1752. 
 
 105. borealis, Vieill, 1807.— The Butcher Bird. 
 Virio, Vieill, 1807. 
 
 106. olivaceuB, Linn., 1766. — The Red-eyed Virio. 
 
 107. gilvua, Vieill, IBOY.— The Warbling Virio. 
 
 108. novsehoracensis, Gm., 1788.^The White-eyed Virio, 
 
 109. Bolitariue, Wils., 1810.- The Blue-headed Virio. 
 
 110. flavifrons, Vieill, 1807.— The Yellow-throated Virio. 
 LiotricJiidse. — The Family of the Mocking Birds. 
 
 Mimus, Boie, 1826. 
 
 111. polyglottis, Cinn., 1766. — The Mocking Bird, 
 
 112. carolinensis, Linn., 1766. — The Cat Bird. 
 Harporhynchua, Cab., 1848. 
 
 113. ru/iis, Linn., 1766.— The Brown Thrush. 
 Troglodytida. — The Family of the Wrens. 
 
 Thryothorus, Vieill, 1816. 
 
 114. ludovicianus, Lath., 1790. — The Great Carolina Wren. 
 
 115. hewickii, And., 1831. — The Bewick's Wren. 
 Cistothorns, Cab., 1850. 
 
 116. paluBtris,:Vi\s., 1810. — The Long-billed Marsh Wren. 
 
 117. etellarie, Lioht., 1823.— The Short-billed Marsh Wren. 
 Troglodytes, Vieill, 1807. 
 
 118. ledon, Vieill, 1807.— The House Wren. 
 
 119. hyemalis, Vieill, 1808.— The Winter Wren. 
 Gerthiadee. — The Family of the Creepers. 
 
 Certhia, Linn., 1735. , 
 
 120. americana, Bon., 1838. — The American Creeper. 
 Sitta, Linn. 
 
 121. canadensis, Linn., 1766. — The Red-bellied Nuthatch, 
 
 122. carolinensis. Lath,, 1790.— The White-bellied Nuthatch. 
 Paridse. — The Family of the Titmouse. 
 
 Polioptila, Sclater, 1855. 
 
 123. cxrulea, Linn., 1766. — The Blue-gray Fly-catcher. 
 Lophophanes, Kaup., 1829. 
 
 - 124. bicolor, Linn., 1766.— The Tufted Titmouse. 
 
 Paras,- Linn., 1735. 
 ■■ 125. atrieapillus, Linn., 1766. — The Black-cap Titmouse. 
 
 126. carolinensis, Aud., 1831. — The Carolina Titmouse. 
 ' Eremophila, Boie, 1828. 
 
 127. conmtie, Wils., 1808.— The Sky-lark. 
 Fr.ingillidm.—'Sha Family of the Sparrows, 
 
 Pinioola, Vieill, 1807, 
 
 128. canadensis, Briss, 1760. — The Pine Grosbeak. 
 Carpodaous, Kaup., 1839, 
 
 129. purpureua, Gm,, 1718.— The Purple Finch. 
 Chrysomitris, Boie, 1828. 
 
 130. tristis, Linn., 1766.— The Yellow Bird. 
 
 131. piniie, Wils., 1810,- The Pine Finch. 
 
 Curvirostra, Scopoli, 1777. 
 
 132. americana, Wils., 1811.— The Red Cross-bill, 
 iBgiothus, Cab., 1850. 
 
 133. linarius, Linn., 1766. — The Lesser Red-poll. 
 Plectrophanes, Meyer, 1810. 
 
 134. nivalis, Linn., 1766. — The Snow Bunting, 
 
 135. lapponicuB, Linn., 1761. — The Lapland Long-spur. 
 Passeroulus, Bon., 1833, 
 
 136. savanna, Wils., 1811, — The Savanna Sparrow, 
 Poooffites, Baird, 1858. 
 
 137. gramineus, Gm., 1788. — The Bay-winged Sparrow. 
 Coturnioulus, Bon., 1838. 
 
 138. passerinus, Wils., 1811. — The Yellow-winged Sparrow. 
 
 139. henslowii, Aud., 1831. — Henslow*s Sparrow. 
 Zonotrichia, Swainson, 1831. 
 
 140. leitcophrys, Forster, 1772. — White-crowned Sparrow. 
 
 141. albicoUis, Gm., 1783. — The Whito-throated Sparrow, 
 Junco, Wagler, 1831. 
 
 142. hyemalis, Linn., 1758. — The Snow Bird. 
 Spizella, Bon., 1838. 
 
 143. monticola, Gm., 1738. — -The Tree Sparrow. 
 
 144. pusllla, Wils., 1810.— The Field Sparrow.® 
 
 145. socialie, Wils. The House, or Chipping Sparrow, 
 Melospiza, Baird, 1858. 
 
 146. melf>dia, Wils., 1810.— The Soag Sparrow. 
 
 147. lincohiii, Aud., 1834. — The Lincoln's Sparrow. 
 
 148. palustris, Wils., 1811. — The Swamp Sparrow. 
 Passer, Gesn. {?), 
 
 149. domesticus, Linn., 1746. — The English Sparrow.f 
 Paseerella, Swainson, 1837. 
 
 150. iliaca, Merrem, 1786. — The Fox-oolored Sparrow. 
 Euspiza, Bon., 1838. 
 
 151. americana, Gm., 1788. — Black-throated Sparrow. 
 
 152. townsendiiy KuA., 1838. — Townsend's Sparrow.J 
 Guiraca, Swainson, 1827. 
 
 153. ludoviciana, Linn., 1766. — The Rose-breasted Grosbeak. 
 
 154. cseridea, Linn., 1766. — The Blue Grosbeak; 
 
 * When walking in a pasture one morning I found one of these 
 birds, unable to fly. When caught, I discovered that during the 
 night a spider had surreptitiously applied its web around over the tail- 
 coverts and tips of the wings. It had extricated one wing, but the 
 other was fast tied down. An examination under a good lens showed 
 conclusively that the cord had been intentionally and industriously ap- 
 plied, forming a strong band, consisting of scores of plies skillfully laid 
 on. I can vouch for the fact, but do not perceive the motive. — E. M. 
 
 ■j- This naturalized foreigner has proved himself extremely pugna- 
 cious, omnivorous, and a notorious gormandizer. An old writer re- 
 marks that he feeds on seeds, fruits, aud insects, and, from his bold 
 and familiar habits, is mostly found in the most populous places. 
 Perhaps his. better qualities may yet be discovered. He is a power 
 whenever he has the will. — E. M. 
 
 \ This unique bird was obtained by my excellent friend, whose 
 name it bears, in a cedar grove near my dwelling, while assisting me 
 in collecting birds, in the spring of 1833. We at once pronounced it 
 new. Audubon did the same, and named and published it in both of 
 his large works. 
 
 " This curious bird has long been a puzzle to ornithologists in the 
 uncertainty whether it is only a variety of E. americana- or a distinct 
 species. Thus far (now more than forty years) but one specimen is 
 known, kindly presented to the Smithsonian Institution by Dr. 
 Michener. I do not feel able to decide the question of its true rela- 
 tionship to the E. americana." — (S. P. Baird.) While this uncer- 
 tainty remains it seems proper that Chester County should preserve a 
 record of its history as a guide to future observers. 
 
 " Sp. Gh. — Male. Upper parts of head and neck all round, sides of 
 body, and forepart of breast slate-blue. The back and upper surface of 
 "wings tinged with yellowish-brown ; the interscapular region streaked 
 with black ; a superciliary and maxillary line, chin and throat, and 
 central line of under parts, from the breast to crissum, white. The 
 edge of the wing and a gloss on the breast and middle of the belly 
 yellow. A black-spotted line from the lower corner of the lower man- 
 dible down the side of the throat, connecting with streaks in the 
 upper edge of the slate portion of the breast. Length, 5.95 ; wing, 
 2.86; tail, 2.56. Hab., Chester County.''— (S. F. Baird.) 
 
444 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Cyanospiza, Baird, 1858. 
 155. cyanm, Linn., 1766. — The Indigo Bird. 
 Cardinalis, Bon., 18.31. 
 ' 156. mrginianm, Briss, 1760. — The Cardinal Grosbeak. 
 Pipilo, Vieill, 1816. 
 
 157. erythrophihttlmua, Linn., 1766. — The Ground Robin. 
 7o*erj(iffi.— The Family of the Orioles. 
 
 Doliehonyx, Swains., 1827. 
 
 158. ort/zivora, Linn., 1766. — The Reed- or Rice-Bird. 
 Melothrus, Swainson, 1831. 
 
 159. pecoris, Gm., 1788.— The Cow Blackbird. 
 Agelaius, Vieill, 1816. 
 
 160. pianiceus, Linn., 1766. — The Swamp Blackbird. 
 Sturnella, Vieill, 1816. 
 
 161. magna, Linn., 1758. — The Meadow-Lark. 
 Icterus, Daudin, 1800. 
 
 162. spurina, Lins., 1766. — The Orchard Oriole. 
 
 163. baltimore, Linn., 1766. — The Baltimore Oriole. 
 Scolecophagus, Swainson, 1831. 
 
 164'. fermffineiia, Gm., 1790. — The Rusty Blackbird. 
 Quiscalus, Vieill, 1816. 
 
 165. ver»icolor, Linn., 1766. — The Crow Blackbird. 
 C&rvidfe. — -The Family of the Crows. 
 
 Corvus, Linn., 1735. 
 
 166. camivorjia, Bartram, 1793. — The American Raven; 
 
 167. amerieanm, Aud., 1834, — The American Crow. 
 
 168. oaatfragua, Wils., 1812.— The Fish Crow. 
 Cyanura, Swainson, 1831. 
 
 169. criatata, Linn., 1758. — The Blue Jay. 
 Cohnmhidse. — The Family of the Pigeons, etc. 
 
 Ectopistes, Swainson, 1837. 
 
 170. migratorim, Linn., 1766. — The Wild Kgeon. 
 Tenaidura, Bon., 1854. 
 
 171. carolmeaieiit, Linn., 1766. — The Turtle Dove. 
 Phaaianidx. — The Family of the Turkeys. 
 
 Meleagris, Linn., 1735. 
 
 172. gallopavo, Linn., 1766.— The Wild Turkey. 
 Tetronidse. 
 
 Cupidonia, Reich., 1S50. 
 
 173. cupido, Linn., 1766. — ^The Prairie-Hen. 
 Sonassa, Stephens, 1819. 
 
 174. umlellu^, Linn., 1766. — The Pheasant. 
 PadicidiB. — The Family of the Partridges. 
 
 Ortyx, Stephens, 1819. 
 
 175. virginianua, Linn., 1766. — ^The Partridge. 
 Ch'uidss. — The Family of the Cranes. 
 
 Grus, Linn., 1735. 
 
 176. canadenaia, Linn., 1766. — The Sand-hill Crane.* 
 Ardeidse. — The Family of the Herons. 
 
 Garzetta, Bon., 1855, 
 
 177. candidiaaima, Jacquin, 1784. — The Snowy Heron. 
 Herodias, Boie, 1822. 
 
 178. egretta, Gm., 1788.— The White Heron. 
 Ardea, Linn., 1735. 
 
 179. herodiaa, Linn., 1766. — The Great Blue Heron. 
 Ardetta, Gray, 1842. 
 
 180. exHla, Gm., 1788.— The Least Bittern. 
 Botanrus, Stephens, 1819. 
 
 181. lentiginoaus, Mont., 1813.— The Bittern. 
 Butorides, BIyth, 1849. 
 
 182. vireecena, Linn., 1766. — The Green Heron. 
 Nyctiardea, Swainson, 1837. 
 
 183. gardeni, Gm., 1788.— The Night Heron.f 
 
 * Some forty years ago a flock of four or five of these birds was 
 found along the White Clay Creek, near this place, one of whom was 
 shot "and presented to me. It since passed into the collection of 
 Swarthmore College. His cousin, the G. americanua, or whooping 
 crane, was formerly found, according to Wilson, on the marshes of 
 New Jersey, and may also have been a transient visitor in Chester 
 County. The trachea in these birds traverses the whole length of 
 the sternum, as in the swans. 
 
 f An incident may illustrate the habits of the night heron, and per- 
 haps of the whole family. A night heron had been noticed for several 
 days sitting on a tree near a branch of White Clay Creek. It was at 
 
 Charadridm. — The Family of the Plovers, 
 Charadriua, Linn., 1735. 
 
 184. virginicua, Bockhausen, 1823. — The Golden Plover, 
 ^gialitus, Boie, 1822. 
 
 185. voci/erua, Linn., 1766. — The Killdeer Plover. 
 Squatarola, Cuv., 1817. 
 
 186. helvetica, Linn., 1766. — The Black-bellied Plover. 
 Phalaropodidse. — The Family of the Phalaropes. 
 
 Phalaropus, Vieill. 
 
 187. hyperboreua, Linn., 1766. — The Northern Phalarope. 
 Scolopaeida. — The Family of the Snipes. 
 
 Philohela, Gray, 1841. 
 
 188. minor, Gm., 1788. — The American Woodcock. 
 Gallinago, Leach, 1816. 
 
 189. wilionii, Temm., 1824. — The Wilson's Snipe. 
 Macrorhamphns, Leach, 1816. 
 
 190. griaeua, Qm., 1788. — The Red-breasted Snipe. 
 Tringa, Linn., 1735. 
 
 191. alphina, var. Linn., 1766. — The Red-backed Sandpiper. 
 
 192. maculata, Vieill, 1819. — The Jack Snipe. 
 
 193. wilaonii, Niitt., 1834. — The Least Sandpiper. 
 Gambetta, Eaup., 1829. 
 
 194. melanoleuca, Gm., 1788. — The Tell-tale Sandpiper. 
 
 195. flampee, Gm., 1788. — The Yellow-shanks Sandpiper. 
 Rhyacophilus, Kaup., 1829. 
 
 196. aolitariua, Wils., 1813. — The Solitary Sandpiper. 
 Tringoides, Bon., 1831. 
 
 197. maculariua, Linn., 1766. — The Spotted Sandpiper. 
 Actiturus, Bon., 1831. 
 
 198. bartramiita, Wils., 1813, — The Bartram Sandpiper, 
 Numenius, Linn., 1746. 
 
 199. longiroairia, Wils., 1814.. — The Long^Silled Curlew. 
 EaUidai. — The Family of the Rails. 
 
 Rallus, Linn., 1766. 
 
 200. virginianua, Linn., 1766. — The Virginia Rail. 
 Porzana, Vieill, 1816. 
 
 201. Carolina, Linn , 1766. — The Common Rail. 
 
 202. novmioraceaaia, Gm., 1788.— The Yellow Rail. 
 Fulioa, Linn., 1735. 
 
 203. amerieana, Gm., 1788. — The Coot. 
 Gallinula, Brisson, 1760, 
 
 204. galeata, Licht., 1823. — The Florida Gallinule. 
 A7iatidBS. — The Family of the Geese. 
 
 Cygnus, Linn., 1735. 
 
 205. americanua, Sharpless, 1830. — The American Swan, 
 Bernicla, Linn. (1735 ?). 
 
 206. canadenaia, Linn., 1766. — The Canada Goose. 
 Anas, Linn,, 1735. 
 
 207. hoacliaa, Linn., 1766.— The Mallard Duck. 
 
 208. olacura, Gm., 1788.— The Black Duck. 
 Dafila, Leach, 1824. 
 
 209. acuta, Linn., 1766.— The Sprig-tail Duck. 
 Nettion, Kaup., 1829. 
 
 210. carolinenaia, Gm., 1788. — The Green-winged Teal. 
 Spatula, Boie, 1822. 
 
 211. clypeata, Linn,, 1766, — The Spoon-bill Duck. 
 Mareca, Stephens, 1821. 
 
 212. amerieana, Gm., 1788. — The Bald-pate Duck. 
 Aix, Boie, 1828. 
 
 length shot and brought to me, with the tail of a large fish projecting 
 four inches beyond its bill. On removing the fish (a sucker, Cato- 
 atomua, which must have been twelve inches long), its head and shoul- 
 ders — except the bony portions — were eaten away by the gastric liquor 
 of the stomach. This case affords evidence of the facts : 
 
 1. Of the great strength and dexterity of the bird to capture so 
 large a fish. 
 
 2. Of the instinctive sagacity to swallow the fish head foremost. 
 
 3. Of the great length of time required to digest so large an object 
 as it slowly entered the stomach. 
 
 4. Of the stolid endurance of the bird under circumstances appa- 
 rently so uncomfortable. 
 
 If the process had been completed, no doubt the dibria—the bones 
 and scales— would have been ejected, as we see the pellets of hair and 
 bones ejected by the screech-owl. 
 
REPTILIA. 
 
 445 
 
 213. aponaa, Lino., 1766. — The Summer Duck.* 
 Fulix, Sandevall, 1835. 
 
 214. marila, Linn., 1766. — The Black-headed Duck. 
 
 215. affinia, Byton, 1838.— The Little Black-headed Duck. 
 
 216. collaria, Donovan, 1809. — The King-necked Duok. 
 Aythya, Boio, 1822. 
 
 217. americana, Eyton, 1838. — The Red-headed Duck. 
 
 218. valianeria, Wils., 1814. — The Canvas-backed Duck. 
 Bucephala, Baird, 1858. 
 
 219. americana, Bon., 1838. — The Golden-eyed Duok. 
 
 220. alhella, Linn., 1766.— The Buffle-head Duok. 
 Hareldia, Leaoh, 1816. 
 
 221. glacialie, Linn., 1766. — The Long-tailed Duck. 
 Erismatura, Bon., 1828. 
 
 222. rubida, Wils., 1814.— The Ruddy Duck. 
 Mergus, Linn., 1735. 
 
 223. americana, Cassin, 1853. — The Sheldrake. 
 
 224. aenaior, Linn., 1766. — The Red-breasted Merganser, 
 Procellaridm. — The Family of the Petrels. 
 
 Thallassidroma, Vigors, 1825. 
 
 225. leachii, Temm., 1 820.— Leach's Petrel (Warren). 
 Puffinus, Briss., 1760. 
 
 226. major, Faber, 1822. — The Greater Shearwater (Miohener).f 
 Laridie. — The Family of the Gulls. 
 
 Chroicocephalus, Eyton, 1836. 
 
 227. Philadelphia, Ord., 1815. — The Buonaparte's Gull, 
 Sternidse. — The Family of the Terns. 
 
 Sterna, Linn., 1748. 
 
 228. fuUginoaa, Gm., 1788.— The Sooty Tern. 
 Colymhidse. — The Family of the Grebes. 
 
 Colymbus, Linn., 1735. 
 
 229. torquatua, Brunn, 1764. — The Loon. 
 Podiceps, Lath., 1790. 
 
 230. griaeigina, Bodd, 1783. — The Red-necked Grebe. 
 
 231. comuttta, Gm., 1788. — The Horned Grebe. 
 Podilymbns, Lesson, 1831. 
 
 232. podieepa, Linn., 1766,— The Pied-billed Grebe. 
 
 The whole number of the species of birds has been vari- 
 ously estimated at 6000. It will likely prove much greater. 
 Many and large portions of the earth are yet virgin soil 
 for ornithologists. The United States, with its diversity 
 of climate, is rapidly filling up its complement. Thus : 
 
 In 1814, according to Wilson, we had 283 species. 
 In 1838, according to Buonaparte, we had 471 species. 
 In 1844, according to Audubon, we had 516 species. 
 In 1858, according to Baird, we had 716 species. 
 
 The number of species which have been actually found 
 in our county is about 220, leaving at least another score 
 to be sought after. — E. M. 
 
 REPTILIA. 
 In the preparation of this catalogue I have mostly fol- 
 lowed the Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 
 kindly furnished me by a friend, although the general 
 reader might perhaps prefer one more simple and less 
 scientific. 
 
 I. — Bateaohia. 
 1, Urodela. — The Salamanders. 
 Ambli/atomidse, 
 
 Amblystoma, Tsehudi. 
 
 1. opacum, Gravenhorst. — The Blotched Salamander. 
 
 2. punctatum, Linn. — The Spotted Salamander. 
 
 3. conaperaum, Cope, 
 
 * So far as I am informed, this - is the only wild duck that has 
 deigned to nest and breed in this county. Unlike its kin, it prefers 
 a hollow tree for a nesting-place. — E. M. 
 
 t This powerful bird, despite its strength and endurance of wing, 
 was storm-stranded within our borders, and perished during a severe 
 storm of wind, rain, and sleet. 
 
 4. tigrinum, Green. — The Tiger Salamander. 
 
 5. jefferaonianum. Green. — Jefferson's Salamander. 
 Plcthodoniidai. 
 
 Plethodon, Tsohud. 
 
 6. cinereua. Green. — The Ash-colored Salamander. 
 
 7. var. erythronotua, Green. — The Bed-backed Salamander. 
 
 8. glutinoaua, Green. — The Glutinous Salamander. 
 Spelerpes, Raf. 
 
 9. bilineatua, Green. — The Two-lined Salamander, 
 
 10. longicaudua, Green. — The Long-tailed Salamander. 
 
 11. ruber, Daudin. — The Red Salamander. 
 Gyrinophilus, Cope. 
 
 12. porphyriticua, Green. 
 Hemidactylium, Tsch. 
 
 13. Bcutatvm, Tsch. 
 Deamognathidie, 
 
 Desmognathus, Baird. 
 
 1 4. fuacas, Raf. — The Brown Salamander. 
 
 15. nigra, Green. — The Black Salamander. 
 
 16. haldemani, Holb. — Haldeman's Salamander. 
 PlenrodelidiB. 
 
 Diemyctylus, Raf, 
 
 17. virideacena, Raf. 
 
 2, Anura. — The Frogs. 
 Bufonidse. — The Family of the Toads. 
 Bufo, Laurenti. 
 IS. lentiginoaua, v. Americana, Le Conte. — The American Toad. 
 Hylidse. — The Family of the Tree Frogs. 
 Acris, Dum, and Bib. 
 
 19. gryllus, Le Conte. — The Cricket Frog. 
 Cboropbilus, Baird. 
 
 20. triaeriatna, Baird. 
 Hyla. 
 
 21. veraicolor, lie Conte. — The Tree Frog. 
 
 22. pickeringi, Holb. — The " Knee Deep." 
 Scaphiopidse. — The Family of the Spade-foots. 
 
 Scaphiopus, Holb. 
 
 23. holbrookii, Harlan. — The Spade-foot Frog. 
 Manidse. — The Family of the Frogs proper, 
 
 Rana, Linn, 
 
 24. paluatria, Le Conte.— The Herring Frog. 
 
 25. clamilana, Merrem. — The Green Frog, 
 
 26. eateabiana, Shaw. — The Bull Frog. 
 
 27. halecina, Kalm. — The Spotted Frog. 
 
 28. aylvatica, Le Conte. — The Wood Frog. 
 
 II.— Ophidia. — The Snakes. 
 1. Venomoua. — The Serpents. 
 Orotalidse. — The Rattlesnake Family. 
 Crotalus, Linn. 
 
 29. horridua, Linn. — The Banded Rattlesnake. 
 Ancistrodon, B6auv. 
 
 30. contortrix, Linn. — The Copperhead. 
 
 2. Non-venomoua. — The Snakes. 
 Colubridce. — -The Family of the Snakes. 
 Carphophiops, Gervais. 
 
 31. amoenua, Say. — The Worm Snake, 
 Diadophis, B. and G. 
 
 32. punctatua, Linn, — The Ring Snake. 
 Ophibolus, B. and G. 
 
 33. getulua, Linn.— The Chain Snake. 
 
 34. triangnlua, Boie, DeKay. — TJie House Snake. 
 Cyclophis, Gunther. 
 
 35. vernalia, DeKay. — The Green or Grass Snake. 
 Bascanion, B. and G. 
 
 36. conatrictor, Linn. — The Black Snake. 
 Eutsenia, B. and G. 
 
 37. aaurita, Linn. — The Ribbon Snake, 
 
 38. airtalia, Linn. — The Garter Snake. 
 Storeria, B. and G. 
 
 • 39. occipitomaculata, Storer. 
 
 40. dekayi, Holb.— The DeKay's Snake, 
 Tropidonotus, Kuhl, 
 
 41. leberia, Linn. — The Yellow-bellied Snake. 
 
446 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 42. rigidus, Say. 
 
 43. sipedon, Linn. — The Water Snake. 
 Heterodon, BSauv. 
 
 44. platyrhinus, Latreile. — The Spotted Viper. 
 
 45. niger, Catesby. — The Black Viper. 
 
 III. — Laceetilia. — The Lizards. 
 Iguanidm. — The Family of the Lizards. 
 Sceloporus, "Wiegm. 
 
 46. undulatuSf Harlan. — The Fence Lizard, Swift. 
 
 IV. — Testudinata. — The Tortoises. 
 Ghelydridse. — The Family of the Snappers. 
 Chelydra., Schweig. 
 47. — aerpentina, Linn. — The Sniipper Tortoise. 
 Cinosternidm. 
 
 Aromochelys, Gray. 
 
 48. odoratu8, Latreile. — The Musk Tortoise. 
 Cinosternum, Wagl. 
 
 49. pennsylvanieumj Bosc. — Mud Tortoise, 
 
 Chrysemys, Gray. 
 
 50. picta, Herm. — The Painted Tortoise. 
 Chelopus, Raf. 
 
 51. guttaiuBf Schneider. — The Spotted Tortoise. 
 
 52. muhlenhergii, Schweig. — Muhlenberg Tortoise. 
 Cistudo, Fleming. 
 
 53. clauaa, Gnj. — The Box or Land Tortoise. 
 
 54. iriunguis, Gray. — Three-clawed Tortoise. 
 
 The habits of a few of these reptiles are rather montane. 
 They may be sought for in our more northern hilly dis- 
 tricts.— E. M. 
 
 FISHES.® 
 
 About sixty species of so-called fishes are native to the 
 waters of Chester County. Five additional species have 
 been introduced into streams communicating with those 
 flowing through the county, and may be found more or 
 less abundantly within its limits. 
 
 The characters of this fauna will be exhibited by the ac- 
 companying list of species. In general, it may be remarked 
 that it is not a rich one, nor yet a poor one. The streams 
 of the county are tributary to or represent parts of the 
 hydrographic systems of the two rivers Susquehanna and 
 Delaware. As the fish fauna grows poorer towards the 
 east, so the species of the Delaware basin are less numerous 
 .than those of the Susquehanna. The latter does not harbor 
 nearly so many species as the Alleghany, while the Dela- 
 ware species are, on the other hand, rather more numerous 
 than those of the Hudson. 
 
 The fish fauna of a country is divided between resident 
 and anadromous species. The anadromous species either go 
 to the sea to breed and ascend for purposes of residence, or 
 they dwell in the sea and ascend the rivers in order to de- 
 posit their ova. In Chester County the anadromous spe- 
 cies are the following : 
 
 Ascending to spawn : 
 In the spring, — • 
 
 Glupea sapidiaaima. — Shad. 
 Clupea peeudoharengua. — ^Alewifo. 
 In the autumn, — 
 
 Salmo aalar. — Salmon. 
 S. guinnat — California Salmon. 
 Ascending after spawning in the sea : 
 In the spring, — 
 
 Anguilla roatrata. — Eel. 
 
 Other species, resident in fresh water, ascend the smaller 
 streams for the purpose of depositing eggs, chiefly in sprin". 
 
 » By Prof. E. D. Cope. 
 
 Such are the larger Percidse., the Catostomidse, (suckers), 
 etc. 
 
 Difierent waters support different kinds of fishes. Spe- 
 cies may be confined to one of the following four water 
 areas : (1) The rapid streams of mountains and hills, (2) 
 the smaller and quiet creeks, (3) the channels of the large 
 creeks and rivers, (4) tide-water. Tide-water does not 
 enter Chester County, and there are very few streams that 
 can be arranged under the first head. The only fishes of 
 our list that can be regarded as belonging to such waters 
 are the Ceratichthys cataractse and the Uranidea viscosa 
 (miller's thumb). 
 
 No fishes are admitted into the list which the author has 
 not seen, excepting one or two, for which he has good au- 
 thority. 
 
 HYOPOMATA True Fishes. 
 
 ^ CTYA^OPr^i?/.— NOHMAL-FINNBD FiSHES. 
 
 PHYSOCLYSTI.— Ctenoid Fishes. 
 
 P.BiJOOJlfOJ2PBT.— P£MU-LIKB. 
 
 DISTIGI. 
 
 1. PEECID.E. 
 
 Percina, Haldeman. — Log Perches. 
 
 1. P. caprodea, Raf. — Log Perch. 
 
 A small and handsomely-marked species, found only in the tribu- 
 taries of the Susquehanna. 
 
 Alvordius, Girard. — Back-sided Darters, 
 
 2. A. peltatuSf Stauffer. — Shielded Darter. 
 
 A rare species, from the tributaries of the Susquehanna. 
 Boleosoma, DeKay. — Tessellated Darter. 
 
 3. B. olinatedi, Storer. — Tessellated Darter, 
 The common darter of all the streams. 
 
 Perca, Linnaeus. — Perches. 
 
 4. P. americana, Sohr. — -Common Yellow Perch, 
 Stiaostethium, Rafinesque. — Pike Perches. 
 
 5. S. vitreuirtf Mitch. — "Wall-eyed Pike Perch. 
 
 6. S. eanadenae, Smith. — Sand Pike Perch. 
 The Susquehanna streams. 
 
 Labrax, Mitohill. — Striped Bass. 
 
 7. L. lineatua, Bl. Schn. — Striped Bass. 
 S. L. americanus, Gm. — "White Perch. 
 
 Lepiopomus, Rafinesque. — Sun Fishes. 
 9. L. anritua, L. — Long-eared Sun Fish. 
 Found everywhere. 
 
 Pomotis, Gill and Jordan. — Pond Fishes. 
 
 10. P. aureuBf "Walb. — Common Sun Fish. 
 Enneacanthus, Gill. — Nine-spined Sun Fishes, 
 
 11. E. guttattta, Morris. — Blue-spotted Sun Fish. 
 
 A pretty species, found only in lowlands of the Delaware drainage. 
 Pomoxys, Rafinesque. — Grass Bass. 
 
 12. P. nigrotnaculatua, L. S. — Grass Bass, 
 Not common (Delaware, teste Abbot). 
 
 2. AfHODODERID^. 
 
 Aphododerus, Le Sueur. — Pirate Perches. 
 
 13. A. sayamis, Gill. — Pirate Perch. 
 Lowlands of the Delaware drainage only. 
 
 SCYPHOBB.ANCHI. 
 3. COTTID^. 
 
 Uranidea, DeKay. — Miller's Thumbs. 
 
 14. U. viacoaa, Hald. — Slippery Miller's Thumb, 
 Cold runs and streamlets. 
 
 hemibranchi. 
 4. Gasterosteidje:. 
 Apeltes, DeKay.— Naked Sticklebacks. 
 
 15. A. qiiadracue, Mitch. — Four-spined Stickleback. 
 Lowlands and swamps. 
 
 STNBNTOGNATHI. 
 
 5. Belonid.41. 
 Belone, Linn. 
 
 16. S. «™nca(a, Le S. — Soft Gar. 
 Common in the larger streams. 
 
FISHES. 
 
 447 
 
 PERCESOCES. 
 6. Cyprinodontid.13. 
 Fundulus, Lacepede. — Killifishes. 
 
 17. F, diapkamtsy Le S. — Barred Killifish. 
 
 PHYSOSTOMI. 
 HAPLOMI, 
 
 7, Umbridje. 
 Umbra, Eram. — Mud Minnows. 
 
 18. M, pygmiea, DeK. — Eastern Mud Minnow, 
 Low and swampy places, among Mynophyllum, etc. 
 
 8. EsociD^. 
 Esox, L. 
 
 19. S. reiiculatua, Le S. — Pike or pickerel. 
 
 20. E.porosuB, Cope. — Little Pickerel, etc. 
 
 ISOSPONDTLI. 
 
 9. Salmonid^. 
 Salmo, Linnteus. — Salmons. 
 
 21. S, fontinalis, Mitch. — Brook Trout, etc. 
 
 10. Clupeid^. 
 Glupea, Cuvier.— Shads. 
 
 22. C. eapidisaima, AVils. — Common Shad.-'- 
 Anadromous in spring. 
 
 23. C. p8eudohare)igu-8, Wils.— Alewife, etc. 
 Anadromous in spring. 
 
 Dorysoma, Rafinesque. — Gizzard Shads. 
 
 24. D. cepedianum, Le S. — Hickory Shad, etc. 
 In ponds. 
 
 PLECTOSPONDTLL 
 
 11. CrPRINIDiE. 
 
 Luxilus, Raf. — Minnows, etc. 
 
 25. L. hudsoniuB, Clint. — Spawn-Eater. 
 Delaware drainage. 
 
 26. L. amaruSj Girard. — Smelt. 
 Susquehanna drainage. 
 
 27. L.procne, Cope. — Pigmy Minnow. 
 Common. 
 
 28. Z. chalyhseua, Cope. — Black-banded Minnow. 
 Delaware streams. 
 
 29. L. cornutuSf Mitch. — Red Fin, etc. 
 Common everywhere. 
 
 30. i. analostanus, Girard. — Silver Ein. 
 Most abundant in the Susquehanna streams. 
 
 Gila, Baird and Girard. — Long-Jawed Shiners. 
 
 31. G. funduloidea, Girard. — Crimson Dace. 
 
 Susquehanna streams. The most brilliantly-colored fish in the 
 State. 
 
 Notemigonus, Rafinesque. — Golden Shiners. 
 
 32. N. chryaoleucuSj Mitch. — Shiner, Stilbe, Bream. 
 Common everywhere; the largest cyprinoid of the Semotili. 
 
 Phoxinus, Rafinesque, 1820. — European Minnows, 
 
 33. P. 7)iargaritua, Cope. — Pearly Dace. 
 Susquehanna streams only. 
 
 Hemitremia, Cope. — Hemitremes. 
 
 34. H. hifrenata, 'GoTpe. — Eastern Hemitremia, Schuylkill River. 
 SemotiluB, Rafinesque-— Chubs. 
 
 35. S. corporalia, Mitch. — Common Chub, etc. 
 Most common in the Susquehanna streams, 
 
 36. ;S'. hullaria, Raf. — Fall Fish, Dace, Roach, 
 
 Most abundant in the tributaries of the Delaware. The most gamy 
 of the Cyprinidse. 
 
 Nocomis, Gird. — Horny Heads. 
 
 37. N, hignttatua, Kirtl. — Horned Chub, Jerker. 
 
 Much the most common in the tributaries of the Susquehanna. 
 
 38. N. mieropogon, Cope. 
 
 A very rare fish, found only as yet in a tributary of the Susque- 
 hannn. 
 
 ^' It is inferred that as late as 1775 shad were caught in the Bran- 
 dywine as far up as the forks. George Martin, who died in that year, 
 is said to have taken cold from going into the creek, in company with 
 several of his neighbors, to catch these fish early in the spring, and 
 from this cause lost his life. 
 
 Rhinichthys, Agassiz. — Long-nosed Dace. 
 
 39. i?. cataractse, C. and V. — Long-nosed Dace. 
 Found in rapids in all streams. 
 
 40. It. atronaaua, Mitch. — Black-nosed Dace. 
 Everywhere. 
 
 Exoglossum, Rafinesque. — Stone Toters. 
 
 41. E, maxilUngnaf Les. — Chub, Cut Lips, etc. 
 
 This curious fish is so far only known from the Susquehanna 
 streams. It feeds chiefly on mollusoa. 
 
 12. — CatastomidjE. 
 Myxostoma, Rafinesque. — Red Horse. 
 
 42. M. maci-olepidotum, Le S. — Red Horse. 
 
 The Susquehanna streams. '*' 
 
 Erimyzon, Jordan. — Chub Suckers. 
 
 43. £J. eueettaf Lac. — Mullet. 
 Everywhere in sluggish waters. 
 
 Catostomus, Le S. — Suckers. 
 
 44. H. nigricans, Le S. — Stone Roller. 
 Found in the Susquehanna streams only. 
 
 45. 0. terea, Mitch. — Common Sucker. 
 Everywhere. 
 
 Carpiodes, Rafinesque. — Carp Suckers. 
 
 46. G. cyprinus, Le S. — Silvery Carp Sucker. 
 In all the large streams. 
 
 NEMATOGNATHL 
 
 13. SlLURID^. 
 
 Amiurus, Rafinesque. — Cat Fishes. 
 
 47. A. alhidus, Le S. — Pale Cat, etc. 
 Everywhere; a good food-fish. 
 
 48. A. catua, L. — Bull-Head, etc. 
 Everywhere. 
 
 Gronias, Cope. 
 
 49. G. nigrilahria, Cope. — Cave Cat Fish. 
 
 A curious blind catfish found by Jacob Stauff'er in Lancaster 
 County. May be looked for in subterranean water in limestone 
 regions. 
 
 Noturus, Rafinesque. — Stone Cats. 
 
 50. iV. ineignisj Rich. — Margined Stone Cat. 
 Susquehanna streams. 
 
 51. .y. gyrinua. — Tadpole Stone Cat, 
 Delaware streams. 
 
 ENCHELTCEPHALI. 
 14. Angtiillid^. 
 Anguilla, Thunberg. — Eels. 
 
 52. A, roatrata, Le S. — Common American Eel. 
 
 HALECOMORPHI. 
 15. Amiid-s;. 
 Amia, Linnaeus. — Bowfins. 
 
 53. A, calva, Linn, — Bowfin, Dog Fish, etc. 
 
 Rarely found in the Susquehanna, never in the Delaware. 
 
 GINGLTMODI. 
 
 16. LEPIDOSTEIDiB. 
 
 Lepidosteus, Lacepede. — Gar Pikes, 
 
 54. Z. aemiradiatus, Agass. — Bony Gar, etc. 
 Common in the Susquehanna, rare in the Delaware. 
 
 CBONDROSTEI. 
 
 GLANIOSTOMI. 
 
 17. AcCIPENSERIDiE. 
 
 Acipenser, LinoEEUs. — Sturgeons. 
 
 55. A, aturiOf Linn. — Common Sea Sturgeon, 
 Occasionally ascends the larger streams. 
 
 56. A, hreviroatria, Le S. — Blunt-nosed Sturgeon. 
 
 May rarely ascend the large streams; no specimen recorded. 
 
 MARSIPOBRANCHI. 
 
 HYPEEOARTI. 
 18. Petromyzontid^. 
 Petromyzon, Linnaeus. — Lampreys. 
 
 57. P. marinua. — Great Sea Lamprey. 
 
448 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Lampetra, Gray. 
 
 58. L.flumatilis. — Large Black Lamprey. 
 
 59. L. argenteus.— Silvery Lamprey. 
 
 The following species have been introduced into the 
 waters of Chester County : 
 
 PeroidsB. 
 
 Mieropierua pallidue. — The Black Bass.* 
 CyprinidsB. 
 
 Carassiue auralus. — The Gold Fish. 
 
 CyprinuB carpio, — Carp, 
 galmonidffl. 
 
 Salmo ealar. — Salmon; Delaware River. 
 
 Salmo quitmat. — California Salmon ; Susquehanna River. 
 
 Making a total of 64 species resident in our waters. 
 The following systematic synopsis will give an idea of their 
 distribution according to structural affinity. 
 
 Hyopomata. 
 Aotinopteri. 
 
 Physoolysti. 
 Percomorphi. 
 Distegi. 
 
 Percidss 
 
 Aphododeridae.. 
 Scyphobranchi. 
 
 Cottidffl 
 
 Hemibranchi. 
 
 Gasterostridse . 
 Synentognathi. 
 
 Belonidse 
 
 Species, 
 
 13 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Physostoml. 
 
 Haplomi. 
 
 Umbridss 1 
 
 Esocidse' 2 
 
 Isospondyli. 
 Salmonidae 3 
 
 Species. 
 Isospondyli. 
 
 Clupeidse 3 
 
 Plectospondyli. 
 
 Cyprinidie 22 
 
 Gatostomidae 5 
 
 Nematoguathi. 
 
 Siluridae 5 
 
 Enchelyeephali. 
 
 AngaillidsB 1 
 
 Halecomorphi. 
 
 Amiidse 1 
 
 Ginglymodi. 
 
 LepidosteidsB 1 
 
 Chondrostei. 
 Glaniostomi. 
 Accipenseridse 1 
 
 Marsipobranchi. 
 Hyperoarti. 
 
 Petromyzontidse 3 
 
 From the above synopsis it is evident that the families 
 most largely represented by species are the Percidae and 
 Ci/prinidx. 
 
 All the species of the above list will sustain human life, 
 and may even be regarded as good food, with the excep- 
 tion of the Lepidosteus and the Amia, and the very small 
 species. Probably the best food-fishes resident in the 
 streams are the pike-perch (^Stizostethium) and the trout, 
 while the shad is certainly the best of the anadromous 
 species. The best edible fishes are represented in the fam- 
 ilies as follows : JPercidx, 7 ; Esocidee, 2 ; Salmonidse, 1 ; 
 Clupeidm, 2 ; Cypi'inidx, 3 ; Siluridie, 2 ; Anguillidm, 1 ; 
 Accipenseridx, 1. Total, 19 species. The proper protec- 
 tion of the fish-life of the streams has attracted consider- 
 able attention in the State. The extent to which this 
 source of food may be developed has hardly yet been ap- 
 preciated, even by the most sanguine advocates of pro- 
 tection. 
 
 * In 1871 a number of persons interested in the sport of fishing 
 subscribed to a fund for the purpose of introducing the black bass 
 to the Brandywine waters, with David M. MoFarland, of West Ches- 
 ter, as treasurer and agent. The services of J. "William Padgett, of 
 Sandy Hook, near Harper's Ferry, were secured, and 370 fish caught 
 there were placed in a large tank and brought by rail to Chester 
 County. The first were put into the creek just below Seeds' bridge, 
 and the rest distributed to other points, on or about the 23d of April. 
 The total expense was $291, including fish, at 40 cents each, transpor- 
 tation, telegrams, and other items. 
 
 AN ILLUSTKATBD CATALOGUE OJ THE TBK- 
 RESTEIAL AND FLUVIATILE TESTACEOUS 
 MOLLUSKS OF CHESTER CO., PA.f 
 
 MOLLUSCA. 
 I. — PuLMONiPERA. — Air-Breathers. 
 1. Geophila. — Living on Land. 
 Zimacidie.— The Family of the Naked Slugs. 
 Tebennophorus, Binn. 
 1. carolineneis, Bosc— The Carolina Slug. Com. (Fig. 1.) 
 Pilifer, Morse. 
 
 2. doraalis, Binn. (Fig. 2.) 
 Limax, Linn. 
 
 3. agreatia, Linn.— The Field Slug. Com. (Fig. 3.) 
 
 Fio. 2. I'lo. 3. 
 
 4. campeatris, Linn. — (The young of L. 
 agreatia?) Bare. (Fig. 4.) 
 
 5. Jlavus, Linn. — The Yellow Slug. Com. (Fig. 5.) 
 Fig. 5. 
 
 6. maximus, Linn. — The Large Slug. Rare. (Fig. 6.)J 
 Fig. 6. 
 
 Heb'cidse. — The Family of the Snails proper. 
 Mesodon, Raf. 
 
 7. albolabria, Say. — In rocky woodland, etc. (Fig. 7.) 
 
 8. »ai/ii, Binn. — In forests, northwestern districts. (Fig. 8.) 
 
 9. ^jen»«T/?r((HfVa, Binn. — Under logs and old wood. (Fig. 9.) 
 
 Fio. 7. Fig. 8. Fio. 9. 
 
 Fig. 10. 
 
 10. elatian, Say. — New Garden. Similar places. 
 (Fig. to.) 
 
 t By W. D. Hartman, M.D. 
 
 J It is probable that all these may have been introduced from 
 abroad, certainly the two last species. They are, happily, only yet 
 found in and near commercial cities. — E. M. 
 
coNCHOLoay. 
 
 449 
 
 11. thyroidee, Say. — In open woods, gardens, eto. Com. (Fig. 11.) 
 Fio. 11. 
 
 12. biicculenla, Gould. — About stumps, etc., wet meadow. (Fig. 12.) 
 Fia. 12. 
 
 13. Tar. nifii, Michener. — Along with tlio preceding.* 
 
 14. clentlferK, Binn.— In hilly and rocky forests. (Fig. 13.) 
 
 15. piiUiata, Say. — Found in similar situations. (Fig. H.) 
 
 Jig. 13. Fia.ll. 
 
 Triodopsis, Raf. — In moist grounds, among stones, etc. 
 
 16. upjyrexBa, Snj. — In moist grounds, among rublnsh. (Fig. 15.) 
 
 17. trideiitala, Say. — In damp places, among dead leayes. (Fig. 10.) 
 
 Tig. 16. 
 
 Fig. 15. 
 
 18. fallax, Say. — Among dead wood and leaves. (Fig. 17.) 
 
 19. inirofereiis, Bland.— Similar places, gardens, etc. (Fig. IS.) 
 
 Fig. 17. Fig. 18. 
 
 Anguispira, Jlorse. 
 i 20. var. minora Bland. 
 
 I 21. inflecta, Say. In woods, gardens, etc. (Fig. 19.) 
 
 Stenotrema, Kaf. 
 
 22. monndoH, Racket.— Beneath stones, loose bark, etc. (Fig. 20.; 
 Macrocyclas, Beck. 
 
 23. hirsuta, Say. — Among rotten wood and bark. (Fig. 21.) 
 Fig. 19. Fig. 20. Flo. 21. 
 
 Zonites, Mont. 
 24. aheniata, Say. — Under wet logs, stones, etc. (Fig. 22., 
 Fig. 22. 
 
 * This delicate and richly-colored shell has been referred to albola- 
 irie, ihyroidea, etc., but it agrees better with buceulenta, with which I 
 have constantly found it associated. Is it only a junior shell ? — E. M. 
 
 57 
 
 26. concava, Say. — In similar localities. (Pig. 23.) 
 Fia. 23. 
 
 26. fulirjinonM«, Griff. — In woods, western districts. (Pig. 24.) 
 
 Fig. 24. 
 
 /^ V '!,»''• -^^ 
 
 27. Icci'ir/atiis, Pfr.^To be sought in the northwest. (Pig. 25.) 
 Fio. 23. 
 
 28. inornatne, S.^y. — In woods, northwestern section. (Fig. 26.) 
 
 29. auhplamm, Binn. — A more western shell. (Fig. 27.) 
 
 Fio. 20. Fig. 2Y. 
 
 30. lirjera, Say. — Among ro'tten wood, etc. (Fig. 28.) 
 
 31. demiasus, Binn.— In the western districts. (Fig. 29.) 
 
 32. ijularis, Say. — Under wet logs, etc. (Pig. 30.) 
 
 33. auppressus, Say. — In woods and fields. (Fig. 31.) 
 
 
 
 34. 7ii(e<H»», Say. — In similar places, more western. (Fig. 32.) 
 Hyalin.a, Ferr. 
 
 35. i-eltarui, Mull. (//. glaphjra, Say).— In cellars, etc. (Fig. 33.) 
 
 36. frdm, Drap. (H. chersina, Say). 
 
 37. indentata, Say.— Under old wood, loose bark, etc. (Fig. 34.) 
 
 38. electrhia, Gould.— In similar situations. (Fig. 35.) 
 
 39. artoren. Say.— Under chips, stones, etc., everywhere. (Fig. 36.) 
 
 Fig. 34. Fig. 38. Fio. 36. 
 
 Fig. 
 
 Fig. 33. 
 
 40. InjdrophUa, Ingalls {H. nitida, Mull.).— Schuylkill. (Fig. 37.) 
 Paeudohyalina, Morse. 
 
 41. minuscula, Binn.— In grass-fields, under rubbish. (Fig. 38.) 
 
 Vallonia. 
 
 42. ^Micfe2«a, Mull. (F.mwufa, Say).— Everywhere. (Fig. 39.) 
 
450 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Fio. 37. 
 
 Patula, Hedw. 
 
 43. striatella, Anth. — In woods, among cUhrh. (Fig. 40.) 
 Strobila, Morse. 
 
 44. labi/i-iiiiliica, Sny. — Under loose, rotten bark. (Fig. 41.) 
 Helicodiseus, Morse. 
 
 45. Uneatus, Say. — Under cool, wet stones, etc. (Fig. 42.) 
 
 Fio. 40. 
 
 Fig. 41. 
 
 Punctum, Morse. 
 
 46. minutisfn'mum, Lea. — Among fallen leaves, etc. (Fig. 43.) 
 SiiccinidfE. — The Family of the Succineas. 
 
 Succinea, Drap. 
 
 47. ovaliH, Gould. — Oq water-plants, wet chips, etc. (Fig. 44.) 
 
 48. obliqua, Say. — Similar stations. (Fig. 45.) 
 
 49. avara, Say. — In damp pastures, under boards, etc. (Fig. 46.) 
 
 Fio. 43. 
 
 Fio. 46. 
 
 Pitpadse. — The Family of the Pupas. 
 Zua, Leach. 
 
 50. lithrica, Mull. — Among dejected leaves, etc. (Fig. 47.) 
 Acicula, Risso. 
 
 51. acicula, Mull. — Greenhouses and nurseries. Imported. 
 (Fig. 48.) 
 
 Fig. 60. Fia. 51. 
 
 »3. 
 
 Leucochila, Albers. 
 
 52. peiitodon, Say. (Fig. 49.) 
 
 53. marr/inata, Say. (Fig. 50.) 
 
 54. fallax, Say. (Fig. 51.) 
 
 55. arnti/era, Say. (Fig. 52.) 
 
 56. eon(j-ac/a. Say. (Fig. 53.) 
 
 57. cortican'oy Say. (Fig. 54.) 
 Vertigo, Mull. 
 
 58. ovata, Say. (Fig. 55.) 
 
 59. decora, Gould. (Fig. 56.) 
 
 60. gonldii, Binn. (Fig. 57.) 
 
 61. mili'um, Gould. (Fig. 58.) 
 
 Found in grass-fields, and among 
 decaying vegetable matters; 
 often abundant. ':■* 
 
 * The shells of this family are mostly very small, and often abound 
 unseen. I once collected two thousand and two hundred of the 
 V. milium around a stump in the pasture. After the animals had died 
 within them, they weighed only just ten grains. — E. M. 
 
 Fig. 52. 
 
 Fig. 54. 
 
 Fig. 55. 
 
 AuTiculidm. — The Family of the Auriculas. 
 Carychium, Mull. 
 62. exiijuium, Say. — On wet chips, mosses, etc. (Fig. 59.' 
 
 Fig. 56. Fig. 57. Fig. 58. 
 
 2. Limnnplula.—XA\'mg in Water. 
 
 Limnaeidie. — The Family of the Fresh-water Snails. 
 Radix, Mont. 
 
 63. columella. Say. — In sluggish, muddy streams. (Fig. 60.) 
 
 64. maerortomo, Say. — In ponds, Pickering Creek, etc. (Fig. 61.) 
 Limnophysa, Fitz. 
 
 65. catoacopium. Say. — Del. and Schuylkill. Com. (Fig. 62.) 
 
 66. elodea. Say (L. palustria, Mull.).— Schuylkill. (Fig. 63.) 
 
 Fig. 00. 
 
 Fio. 61. 
 
 Fig. 62. 
 
 Fia. 63. 
 
 67. rejlexa. Say. — In springs and ponds. New Garden. (Fig. 64.] 
 
 68. desidioaa, Say. — In ponds and streams. Com. (Fig. 65.) 
 
 69. humilia, Say. — Poods and streams. Com. (Fig. 66.) 
 
 70. caperata, Say. — Schuylkill, etc. Com. (Fig. 67.) 
 Physa, Drap. 
 
 71. ancillaria, Say. — Brandywine, etc. (Fig. 68.) 
 
 Fig. 64. 
 
 Fig. 65. 
 
 Fig. 66. 
 
 Fio. 67. 
 
 72. lieteroHtropiha, Say. — Small streams. Com. (Pig. 69.) 
 
 73. r/i/riua, Say. — In the smaller streams. (Fig. 70.) 
 Bulinus, Adanson. 
 
 74. lii/puornvi, Linn. — In ponds and streams. (Fig. 71.) 
 Planorbclla, Hald. 
 
 75. cam2Mnuluta, Say.— In Schuylkill and larger streams. (Fig. 72.; 
 
CONCHOLOGY. 
 
 451 
 
 Helisoma, Swainson. 
 
 76. tn'volrin, Say. — In streams, Chester County. (Fig. 73.) 
 
 77. vaT. fallax, Hald. — In streams, Chester County. (Fig. 74.) 
 
 78. bicarinatuK, Say. — In streams, Chester County. (Fig. 75.) 
 Menetus, — H. & A. Adams. 
 
 79. exaenliis, Say. — In streams, Chester County. (Fig. 76.) 
 Fio, 73. Fm. 7i. 
 
 Fig. 76. 
 
 Gyraulus, Agassi z. 
 
 80. deflecUis, Say. — Ponds and rivulets. (Fig. 77.) 
 
 81. parvxiBj Say. — In similar places. (Fig. 78.) 
 
 82. alhus, Mull.— Del. and Sohuylldll marsh-ditches. (Fig. 79.; 
 
 83. dilatatiis, Gould. — Ponds, Pickering Creek. (Fig. 80.) 
 
 Fia. 77. 
 
 Fig. 78. 
 
 Fig. 79. 
 
 ts^^ (^ 
 
 Planorbula, Hald. 
 
 84. armifjera, Say. — In streams generally. {Fig. 81.) 
 Ancylus, Geoff. 
 
 85. rivulariey Say. — On stones, shells, and in streams. (Fig. 82.^ 
 
 86. tardus. Say. — In a stagnant pool, New Garden. (Fig. 83.) 
 
 Fig. 81. Fig. 82. Fia. 83. 
 
 <^ 
 
 A 
 
 li. — Pectinibeanchiata. — Gills Pectinated. 
 2. Limnophila. — Living in Water. 
 Viviparidx. — The Family of the Viviparas. 
 Mclantho, Bowditoh. 
 
 87. decisa, Say. — In creeks and ponds. (Fig. 84.) 
 
 88. rufa, Haldeman. (Fig. 85.) 
 Lioplax, Troschel. 
 
 89. mbcarinala, Say. — Schuylkill, etc. Com. (Fig. 86.) 
 Fio. 84. Fig. 85. Fio 
 
 yalvaiidm. — The Family of theValvatas. 
 Valvata. 
 
 90. tricartnataf Say. — In streams. Coni. (Fig. 87.) 
 Amnicolldm. — The Family of the Amnicolas. 
 
 Amnicola, Gould. 
 
 91. limona, Say. — Brandywino, etc. Cam. (Fig. 88.) 
 
 92. deciarxj Hald. — In similar places. (Fig. 89.) 
 
 93. (jraiiOf Say. — On immersed leaves, Pickering Creek. (Fig. 90. ] 
 Bythinella, Moquin. — Gandou. 
 
 94. nickliniana, Lea. — Octorara, etc. Com. (Fig. 91.) 
 
 Fio. 87. 
 
 Fio. 88. 
 
 Fig. 89. 
 
 Fio. 90. 
 
 Fig. 91. 
 
 Pomatiopsis, Tryon. 
 85. lapldaria, Say. — Under stones in wet places. (Fig. 92.) 
 
 96. luslri'ca, Say. — Perhaps the young of P. lapidaria. (Fig. 93.) 
 Somatogyrus, Gill. 
 
 97. a?<i7|-», Lea(ffi7Zm n?frti«, W. G. Binn.). (Fig. 94.) 
 Slrepomatidm. — The Family of the Strepomatida. 
 
 Gonibasis, Lea. 
 
 98. virginiana, Gmel. — In the larger streams. (Fig. 95.) 
 
 99. var. viullillneata, Say. 
 Anculosa, Say. 
 
 100. diatimiliH, Say. — Susquehanna, etc AhundanU (Fig. 96.) 
 
 Fig, 92. Fig. 93. Fig. 94. Fig. 95. Fig. 96. 
 
 III. — Braschifeka. — Gills Foliaeeous. 
 2. Limnophila. — Living in Water, 
 Unionidif. — The Family of the Fresh-water Mussels. 
 
 Unio, Retz. 
 101. com^^a»a(Ks, Solander. — Ponds and streams. (Fig. 97.) 
 
 Fio. 97. 
 
 102. radiaim, Lam.— Schuylkill, etc. (Fig. 98.; 
 Fig. 98. 
 
 103. eariosus, Say. — Delaware and Susquehanna, etc. (Fig. 99.; 
 
452 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Margaritana, Schum. 
 109. mai-r/artti/era, Linn. — White Clay Creek, etc. (Fig. 105. 
 Fig. 105. 
 
 104. ochraceuftj Say. — In the same localities. (Fig. 100.) 
 Fig lOO 
 
 105. ta2)2:taiiiantii<, Lea. — Schuylkill, Chester County. (Fig. 101.) 
 Fic. lul. 
 
 110. undiilata,Sa.y. — Creeks and ponds, Chester County. (Fig. 106." 
 
 Fi.j. lor,. 
 
 111. marij'iimln, Say. — Similar localities. (Fig. 107. 
 Fio. liiT. 
 
 Anodonta, Erug. 
 112. Jixu-latilis, Dillw. — The Brandywine and larger streams. (Fig. 
 
 108.) 
 
 Fig. 108. 
 
 106. ;ia8U(u«, Say.— Along with the last. (Fig. 102.) 
 Fin. 102. 
 
 107. j;«licrianm, Lea.— In White Clay Creek. (Fig. 103.) 
 Fig. 103. 
 
 lOS. 7(c(erorfoH, Lea.- Schuylkill. Ahiuiduiil. (Fig. 101.) 
 Fio. 104. 
 
 113. iiiiplivaia, Say. — The Brandywine and larger streams. (Fig 
 109.) 
 
 Fig. 109. 
 
BOTANY. 
 
 453 
 
 114. echiitala, Say. — The Braudywino and larger streams. (Fig. 
 
 no.) 
 
 Fio. 110. 
 
 115. tri/oiiia,Tj<ia,. — The Brandywineaud larger streams. (Fig. 111.) 
 Fig. 111. 
 
 Famift/ CorliicuUd£€. 
 SphaBrium, Scop. 
 116. Iramcermm, Say. — Sohuylkill, etc. (Fig. 112.) 
 
 Pio. 112. 
 
 117. simile, Say. — In most running streams. (Fig. 113.) 
 Fig. 113. 
 
 118. atrialiiinm, Lam. — Brandywine, etc. (Fig. 114.) 
 
 119. atamiiietim, Coa. — Delaware tributaries. (Fig. 11.5.) 
 
 120. /atari's, Prime. — Susquehanna tributaries. (Fig. 116, 
 
 121. roaceum, Prime. — Picliering Creek, etc. (Fig. 117.) 
 
 Fig. 114. 
 
 122. pariumeimn, Say.— White Clay Creek and other streams. (Fig. 
 
 118.) 
 
 123. Hecurit, Prime.— Ditches and running streams. (Fig. 119.) 
 Pisidium, Pl'r. 
 
 124. compietmm, Prime.— Pickering Creek. Hare. (Fig. 120.) 
 
 125. virijinicum, Gmel.— White Clay Creek, etc. Alundnnt. (Fig. 
 
 121.) 
 
 Fig. 118. 
 
 Fio. 120. 
 
 126. t;a^i((i(7e. Prime. — In similar places. (Fig. 122.) 
 
 127. a6rft(tt»!, Ilald. — Fountains, small streams. (Fig. 123.) 
 
 Fig. 122. Fig. 123. 
 
 MYRIAPODS AND CRUSTACEANS. 
 I have noted a few species of the 3fyriapods and Crus- 
 taceans, but they have been too little studied and the lists 
 are too meagre to justify their publication. 
 
 Myropoda, 29 species. 
 Crustacea, 15 species. 
 
 BOTANY. 
 
 PH(ENOGAM0!JS OR FLOWERING PLANTS. 
 A catalogue of tlie flowering plants was prepared, but, 
 owing to a want of space, coupled with the fact that a 
 separate and complete work on this subject has already been 
 published by the late Dr. William DarlingtoUj it was decided 
 to omit it from this history. 
 
 CRYPTOGAMIA OF CHESTER COUNTY. 
 I. — AcROGENS. — The Ferns^ etc. 
 EquisetidiB, — The Family of the Horse-tail Ferns. 
 Equisetum, Linn. 
 
 1. arvense, Linn. — The Field Horse-tail Fern. Moist ground. 
 
 2. sylvaiicum, Linn. — The Wood Ilorse-tuil. Meadows. 
 
 3. hiemale, Linn. — The Scouring-Bush. In wet grounds. 
 
 4. limosmn, Linn. — To bo looked for in watery places. 
 Poli/podidsp. — The Family of the Ferns. 
 
 Polypodium, Linn. 
 
 5. vulf/are, Linn. — The Common Polypodium. In woods. 
 
 G. Itcxugonopte ruiny Linn. — The Ilcxagonal-wingcd Polypode, 
 Adiantum, Linn. 
 
 7. pedatam, Linn. — The Maiden-Hair Fern. In woods. 
 Pteris, Linn. 
 
 8. aquilina, Linn. — The Brake. Jn moist woods. 
 
 9. atropurpiirea, Linn. — The Purple Brake. In woods. 
 Cheilanthes, Swartz. 
 
 10. vextifa., Wild. — The Lip Fern. On rocky banks. 
 Woodwardia, Smith. 
 
 11. virtjlnlca, Wild. — The Chain Fern. In swamps. 
 Camptosorus, Link. 
 
 12. rhizophi/llm, Link. — The Walking Fern. — Rocky woodlands. 
 Asplenium, Linn. 
 
 13. rntr^i-mnrariuj Linn. — The Wall-rue Fern. Lime-rocks, etc. 
 
 14. tiicliomancH, Linn. — On shaded cliffs. 
 
 15. ehenum, Aiton. — The Ebony-stemmed Fern. In rocky places. 
 IG. thelSpteroides, Mx. — In moist, shaded grounds, 
 
 17. felixfoemtna, R. Brown. — In moist woodlands. 
 Dicksonia, L. Heretin. 
 
 18. puiictilohida, Hook. — In moist, shaded places. ' 
 Cystopteris, Bernhardi. 
 
 19. hidbifera, Bernh. — Bladder Fern. On moist rocks. 
 
454 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLYANIA. 
 
 20. fragilis, Bernh. — Bladder Fern. Among shaded rocks. 
 Woodsia, R. Br. 
 
 21. obtiisa, Wild. — On rocky banks, cliffs, etc. 
 
 22. ilvensis, R. Br. — On rocky banks of streams. 
 Dryopteris, Adams. 
 
 23. thelypteris, Linn. — la swampy thickets. 
 
 24. novmhoracenaia, Linn. — Moist woodlands. 
 
 25. intermedia, Muhl.— Moist woodlands. 
 
 26. cristata, Swartz. — Moist, shaded places. 
 
 27. goldiana, Hook. — In rich, moist woods. 
 
 28. marghiatis, Swartz. — In rocky woodlands. 
 Polytrichum, Both. 
 
 29. acrostichoidea, Schott. — In woods. 
 Onoclea, Linn. 
 
 30. aenaihUiaj Linn. — In moist thickets. 
 Lygodium, Swartz. 
 
 31. palmatam, Swartz. — The Climbing Fern. 
 Oamundidai. — The Family of Royal Ferns. 
 
 Osmunda, Linn. 
 
 32. sjoec(afri7i>, Wild. — The Flowering Fern. Wet woods. 
 
 33. claytoniana, Linn. — Clayton's Fern. Moist woods. 
 
 34. cinnamomea, Lien. — The Cinnamon Fern. In woods. 
 Botryciidm, — The Family of the Rattlesnake Ferns. 
 
 Botrychium, Swartz. 
 
 35. lunarioides, Swartz. — Moon-wort Fern. 
 
 36. var, nhliqimm, Wild. 
 37- var. disecctumy Wild. 
 
 38. virginianmn, Swartz. — The Rattlesnake Fern. 
 Ophioglossum, Linn. 
 
 39. vulgatum, Linn. — The Adder's Tongue. 
 Lyeopodidse. — The Family of Club Mosses. 
 
 Lycopodium, Linn. 
 
 40. lueidulunij Mx. — Shining Club Moss. 
 
 41. in'U7idatumf Linn. 
 
 42. dendroide^im, Ms. — The Ground Pine. 
 
 43. clavatwn, Linn. — The Club Moss. 
 
 44. complanatnm, Linn. — The Fan-shaped Club Moss. 
 Salaginella, Beauv. 
 
 45. ritpesire, Spring. — Rocky hills, Brandywine. Rare. 
 
 46. apua, Spring. — In low, clayey grounds. Com. 
 Jaoetidse, — The Family of the Quillworts. 
 
 Isoetes, Linn. 
 
 47. lacuatria, Linn. — Lake Quillwort. In shallow water. 
 
 48. riparia, Engelman. 
 
 49. engelmanm'y Braun. — In moist ground, N. Garden. BareJ^ 
 
 II. — Anophyta. — The Mosses, etc. 
 Sphagnidse. — The Family of the Sphagnums. Peat Moss. 
 Sphagnum, Dill. 
 
 cymbifoliitm, Dill. — ^In bogs and swamps. 
 acuh'foliiim, Ehrh. — In bogs, Toughkenamon. 
 Phascidse, — The Family of the Phascums. 
 Phascum, Linn. 
 
 1. crasainermum, Schwaegr. — On moist, shaded grounds. 
 
 2. mnticum, Schrader. — Old fields. 
 
 3. cuapidatunif Schred. — Old fields. 
 
 4. alter ni/oliiuiif Brid. — Old fields. 
 
 5. pahistre, Br. and Schim.— Old fields. 
 
 6. euhulatumf Schreb. — Old fields. 
 
 7. criajmm, Hedw. — Old fields. 
 Bruchia, Schwseg. 
 
 8. jlexuoaa, Schwasg. — On moist, sterile fields. 
 Weiaaidm, — The Family of the Weissias. 
 
 Weissia, Hedw. 
 
 9. viridnla, Brid. — In waste grounds. Com. 
 JHcranidee. — The Family of the Dicranums. 
 
 Trcmatodon, Rich. 
 
 10, longicolliHf Rich. — On clayey soils. 
 Dicranum, Hedw. 
 
 11. variam, Hedw. — On moist grounds. 
 
 ^' I found this plant for several successive seasons growing on moist 
 ground near a spring adjacent to New Garden meeting-grounds. It 
 grew to the height of eighteen to twenty-four inches. Dr. Darling- 
 , ton noticed the plant, but hesitated to insert it. — E. M. 
 
 12. rvfeecenBf Turner. 
 
 13. heteromallumj Hedw. — On shaded banks. 
 
 14. flaggellare, Hedw. — On logs in damp woods. 
 
 15. lovgi/oUnnif Hedw. — In hilly woodlands. 
 
 16. scoparium, Linn. — On the ground and old logs in woods. 
 
 17. achraderi, Web. and Mohrs. — In moist woodlands. 
 
 18. undulata. Turner. — In moist grounds. 
 Leucohryidse. — The Family of the Leucobryums. 
 
 Leucobryum, Hampe. 
 
 19. glaucum, Hampe. — In open, sterile woods. 
 
 20. ininuB, Hampe. — In dry, thin woodlands. 
 Fiaaidentidm. — The Family of the Fissidens. 
 
 Fissidens. — Hedw. 
 
 21. minutulua, Sull. — On stones in brooks. 
 
 22. hryoidea, Hedw. — In moist grounds. 
 
 23. taxifolins, Hedw. — In damp meadows. 
 
 24. adiantoidea, Hedw. — In moist, shaded grounds. 
 Conomitrium, Mont. 
 
 25. julianum, Mont. — Immersed in fountains and brooks. 
 Triehostomidse. — The family of the Trichostomums, 
 
 Trichostomum, Hedw. 
 
 26. tortile, Schrad. — On clayey banks, roadsides. 
 
 27. vaginalis, Sull. — On roadsides. 
 
 28. pallidum, Hedw. — In dry, open woods. 
 Barbula,.Hedw. 
 
 29. unguiculataf Hedw. — On clayey grounds. 
 
 30. csespitosa, Schrader. — Base of trees in dry woods, 
 
 31. tortuoaa, Web. and Mohrs. — On rocks, etc. 
 
 32. papulosa, Wils. — -On trunks, — elm, etc, 
 Didymodon — Br. and Sch. 
 
 33. cylindricua, Br. and Schr. — Dry, shady banks. 
 Pottiad^. — The Family of the Pottias. 
 
 Pottia, Ehrh. 
 
 34. truncata, Br. and Sch. — On the earth. 
 Tetraphidx. — The Family of the Tetraphids. 
 
 Tetraphis, Hedw. 
 
 35. pellncida, Hedw. — On a rotten stump, woodlands. 
 Eacalyptidse. — The Family of the Eucalyptas. 
 
 Bucalypta, Schreb. 
 
 36. atieptocarpa (?), Hedw. — In hilly woodlands. 
 Zygodontidse. — The family of the Zygodons. 
 
 Zygodoro, Hook, and Tucker. 
 
 37. laponica, Br. and Sch. — A montane species. 
 
 38. mongeotia, Br. and Sch. — In similar places. 
 Drummondia, Hook. 
 
 39. elavellata, Hook- — On trees, forming dense masses. 
 Orthotrichidse. — The Family of the Orthotrichums. 
 
 Orthotriehum, Hedw. 
 
 40. strangulatum, BSauv. — On trunks. Com,. 
 
 41. hutchinsii, Smith. — On rocks in hilly districts. 
 
 42. criapuin, Hedw. — On trees, montane. 
 
 43. psilocarpum, James.* 
 
 44. ohiuslfolium, var. Lesqr, — On trees. 
 
 45. pumilum, Br. and Sch. 
 
 Ptichomitridm. — The Family of the Pticomitriums. 
 Pticomitrium, Br. and Sch. 
 
 46. iiicurvnm, Schwfegr. — On shaded rocks. 
 Brydim. — The Family of the Bryums. 
 
 Aulacomnion, Schaswgr, 
 
 47. hetcroatickttm, Br. and Sch. — On hilly woodsides. 
 
 48. paluatre, Schwsegr. — On borders of swamps. 
 Bryum, Br. and Sch. 
 
 49. pyri/orme, Hedw. — In moist, shaded localities. 
 
 50. leaciirianum, Sull. 
 
 51. roacum, Schreb. — Roots of trees in moist wood. 
 
 52. loaJilenhergii, Schwaegr. — On wet limestone rocks. 
 63. argentciim, Linn. — On old roofs, roadsides, etc. 
 
 54. himvm, Schreb. — In wet woodlands. 
 
 55. capillare, Hedw. — On rocks and roadsides. 
 
 56. intermedium, Brid. — On shaded limestone rocks. 
 
 67. cirrhatum, Hepp. and Hook. 
 Mnium, Br. and Sch. 
 
 68. ttjffine, Horn. — Common in damp situations. 
 
 59. hornum, Hedw. — In damp, shaded places. 
 
 60, atellare, Hedw. — In thin woods. 
 
BOTANY. 
 
 455 
 
 61. punctatum, Hedw. — -In moist, shaded woods. 
 
 62. cnspidatum, Hedw. — In similar places. 
 Bartramidte. — The Family of the Bartramias. 
 
 Bartramia, Hedw. 
 
 63. pomiformis, Hedw. — On shaded banks. 
 
 64. fontana, Biid. — In wet, springy places. 
 
 Suxiaumia aphylla, a very rare moss, was found this season by B. 
 M. Everhart, near the Grove church, in West Whiteland. 
 Funariidse. — The Family of the Funarias. 
 Funaria, Schreb. 
 
 65. Jii/grometrica, Hedw. — Ou old walls, burned ground, etc. 
 
 66. Jlavicana, Mx. 
 Physeomitrium, Brid. 
 
 67. pyriforme, Br. and Sch. — On the earth. Com. 
 Aphanoregma, SuU. 
 
 68. eerrata, Sull. — In damp, shaded situations. 
 Fontinalidiie.-^1\ie Family of the Fontinalids. 
 
 Fontinalis, Dill. 
 
 69. antipyretica, Linn. — In mountain rivulets. 
 
 70. Bquaviosa, Linn. — In mountain streams. 
 
 71. disticha, Hook and Wils. — In rivulets. 
 Dichelyma, Myrin. 
 
 72. capillacea, Bry-Eur. 
 Zeueodontidee. — The Family of the Leucodons. 
 
 Leucodon, Schwsegr. 
 
 73. julaceus, Sull. — On trees. 
 
 74. brachypus, Brid. — On trees, hilly woodlands. 
 Leptodon, Mohr. 
 
 75. trichomanea, Mohr. — On trees and rocks. 
 Lealciadte. — The Family ot the Leskeas. 
 
 Anomodon, Hook and Taylor. 
 
 76. ohiusifolius, Batsch. — On trunks in damp woods. 
 
 77. attenuatuBj Hedw. — On moist rocks and roots. 
 
 78. tristis, Sesati. — On trees — hornbeam — near water. 
 Leskia, Hedw. 
 
 79. polycarpus, Hedw. 
 
 80. obacuraj Hedw. — Wet banks and base of trees. 
 
 81. roetrata, Hedw. — Around the base of trees. 
 
 82. denticulata, Sull. — On wet rocks and roots. 
 Theliidie.—lhe Family of the Thelias. 
 
 Thelia, Sull. 
 
 83. hiriellaj Hedw. — On moist trunks and roots. 
 
 84. asprella, Schimp. — In similar places. 
 Fahroniidse. — -The Family of the Fabronias. 
 
 Anacamptodon, Brid. 
 
 85. aplachnoidea, Brid. — In knots and fissures of trees. 
 PylaUaiidse. — The Family of the Pylaissiads. 
 
 Pylaissise, Bry-Eur, 
 
 86. iniricataf Bry-Eur. — On trunks and logs. 
 Homalothecium, Bry-Eur. 
 
 87. aubeapillaceum, Bry-Eur. — On trees in damp woods, 
 Platygyium, Bry-Eur. 
 
 88. repena, Bry-Eur. — On logs and old wood. 
 CyUndrotheciidm. — The Family of the Cylindrotheciums. 
 
 Cylindrotheoium, Bry-Eur. 
 
 89. cladorhizatiB, Bry-Eur. — In swamps, on old logs. 
 
 90. aeductriXf Bry-Eur. — On^damp roots of trees. 
 
 91. compreaeunij Bry-Eur. — In similar localities. 
 
 92. breviaettimj Bry-Eur. — On rotten stumps, etc. 
 Climacidm. — The Family of the Climaciums. 
 
 Climacinm, Web, and Mohrs. 
 
 93. americanum, Brid. — On and about wet, rotten logs, etc. 
 Hypnida. — The Family of the Hypnums, 
 
 Hypnum, Dill, 
 
 94. tamariacinum, Brid, — On the earth and old logs, 
 minutuluvi, Brid.^In similar places. 
 acitum, BSauT. — On the base of trees, — beech, etc. 
 gracile, Br.-Sch. 
 
 98. triquetrum, Linn. — In dry, cool woodlands. 
 
 99. breviroatre, Ehrh. — On rocks and base of trees. 
 
 100. aplemdena, Ehrh. — On the earth in woods. 
 
 101. Mana, Hedw. — On the ground in open woods. 
 auUivantii, Spruce. — On the banks of shaded streams. 
 atrigoaum, Hofim. — On wooded hillsides. 
 boacii, Schsegr. — In hilly woodlands. 
 
 95. 
 96. 
 97. 
 
 102. 
 103. 
 104. 
 
 105. aerrulatumf Hedw. — In similar situations. 
 
 106. deplanatinn, Schimp. — On stones and roots in woods. 
 
 107. ruaci/orme, Weiss. — In swift-running water. 
 
 108. moUc, Dicks. — ^Under similar conditions. 
 
 109. achreben', Wild. — In moist woodlands. 
 
 110. cordi'/oUum, Hedw. — In swampy grounds, 
 
 111. adunciim, Iledw. — In bogs and swamps. 
 
 112. filicmiim, Linn. — A nearly allied species. 
 
 113. crifita-caatrenaia, Linn. — In cold, wet woodlands. 
 
 114. molluacum, Hedw. — In thick woods, on earth and rocks. 
 
 115. imponena, Hedw. — On the earth, and on logs. 
 
 116. CKrvifoiium, Hedw. — Like the preceding. 
 
 117. lialdcmauiamfm, Grev. — Grows in wet woods, 
 
 118. ealebroeum, HofTm. — On rotten logs, rocks, etc, 
 
 119. UUeuvrij Brid. — In similar places. 
 
 120. acuminatum, Beauv. — On the ground, logs, etc. 
 
 121. rutabutum, Linn. — In wet, springy places. 
 
 122. plumoaiim, Linn. — In montane streams. 
 
 123. populeum, Hedw, — On rooks and trunks. 
 
 124. atarkei, Brid. 
 
 125. atellatum, Schreb. — In swamps and marshes. 
 
 126. polgmorpka, Bry-Eur. — On moist elay-banks. 
 
 127. hiapidulum, Brid. — About the base of trees in dry ground. 
 
 128. aubtile, Hoffm. — A small plant growing on trees. 
 
 129. minutlaaimttm, Sull. and Lesq. — On shaded lime-rocks. 
 
 130. adnatum, Hedw. — Found mostly on stones. 
 
 131. aerpena, Hedw. — Everywhere in damp and wet places. 
 
 132. Jtexatilis, Swartz. 
 
 133. riparium, Hedw. — In swamps and stony rivulets. 
 
 134. aylvaiieum, Linn. — In crevices of moist rocks. 
 
 III. — Hepatica. — Liverworts. 
 Siceiidie. — The Family of the Riooias, 
 Hiccia, Mx. 
 
 1. glaimse, Linn. — On moist ground. Bare. 
 
 2. fluitana, Linn. — Floating in a fountain. Bare. 
 Anthoceridm. — The Family of the Anthocerids. 
 
 Anthosceris, Mx. 
 
 3. lievia, Linn. — In wet places, sides of ditches. 
 Notothylus, Sull. 
 
 4. valvala, Sull. — On moist ground, meadows, etc. 
 Marchantiida. — The Family of the Marchantias. 
 
 Marchantia, Linn. 
 
 5. polymorpha, Linn. — In cool, shaded places, rocks, etc. 
 Fegatilla, Raddi. 
 
 6. conica, Corda. — In wet, springy places. 
 Reborulia, Raddi. 
 
 7. hemiapheriea, Raddi. — In damp shades. 
 Grimaldia, Raddi. 
 
 8. barbi/rona, Bischoff.— Under shelving lime-rocks. 
 Fimbriaria, Nees. 
 
 9. tenella, Nees, — In similar situations. 
 Metzgeria, Raddi. 
 
 10. /urcata, Nees. — On rocks and base of trees. 
 Aneuria, Desm. 
 
 11. aeaailia, Spring. — Margin of swamps, rotten logs. 
 
 12. muUifera, Desm. — On moist, rotten wood. 
 Pellia, Raddi. 
 
 13. epiphylla, Nees. — On moist, shaded ground. 
 Geocalyx, Nees. 
 
 14. graveolena, Nees. — On the earth and rotten logs. 
 Chiloscyphus, Corda. 
 
 15. polyanthoa, Corda. — On rooks, etc. 
 Sphagnocetes, Nees, 
 
 16. commuma, Nees. — On decayed wood and mosses. 
 Jungermanniadm. — The family of the Jungermannias. 
 
 Jungermannia, Linn, 
 
 17. tryeliophylla, Linn. — On rotten logs, etc. 
 
 18. connwana, Dicks. — On rotten, mossy logs. 
 
 19. curvi/olia, Dicks. — On and around old logs. 
 
 20. divaricata, Dicks. — On wet, mossy logs, etc. 
 
 21. achraderi, Bng. Bot. — In like situations. 
 Scapania, Lind. 
 
 22. nemoroaa, Nees. — On shaded mossy banks. 
 
 23. undulata, N. and Mont. — A rather montane species. 
 
456 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Plagiocbila, N. and Mont. 
 
 24. asplenioides, N. and Mont. — On the margin of rivulets. 
 
 25. porelloides, Lind. — In mossy swamps. 
 
 26. macroatoma, Sull. — On moist banks, logs, etc. 
 Frullanea, Raddia. 
 
 27. grayana, Mont. — On trees (maple), rocks, etc. 
 
 28. virgmica, Lehm. — On trees and rocks. Covi. 
 
 29. ehoracenais, Lehm. — On smooth trunks, — acer, 
 
 30. seolatis, Nees. — Oa decaying logs, etc. 
 Lejunia, Lib. 
 
 31. clypeata, Schwseg. — On trees in damp woods, 
 Madothecse, Dumont. 
 
 32. plalijphylla, Dumont. — On trees and damp rocks, 
 
 33. porella, Nees. — On wet rocks, logs, etc. 
 Kadula, Dumont. 
 
 34. complanatay Dumont. — On roots and trunks. 
 Ptilidium, Nees. 
 
 35. ciliarc, Nees. — On rotten logs in damp woods. 
 Trichocolca, Nees. 
 
 36. iomenteUaj Nees. — In moist, shaded places. 
 Mastigobrium, Nees. 
 
 37. trilobatum, Nees. — In woods, on the damp earth. 
 Calypogeia, Raddi. 
 
 38. trichomanes, Corda. — In moist, springy woods. 
 
 IV. — Thallophyta. — Lichens. 
 Usneidie, — The Family of the Suffruticose Lichens. 
 Ramalina., Acb. 
 
 1. calicaris, Tr. — On trees and shrubbery. 
 
 2. V. fraxineay Ach, — On trees. Com. 
 
 3. V. fastigiata, Ach. — On trees. Com. 
 
 4. T. canalieulata, Ach. — On trees. Com. 
 
 5. V. farinacea, Acb. — On trees. Cam. 
 
 6. polymorphaf Acb. — On rocks, Beaver Dam. Hare, 
 Cetraria, Ach. 
 
 7. glauca, Acb. — On trees, etc. Com. 
 
 8. cilictris, Ach. — On trunks, fences, etc Cam, 
 
 9. lacunosa, Ach. — On trees. Com. 
 
 10. mvreacensy Tuck. — On fences, etc. Rare, 
 
 11. oakeeianaf Tuck. — On fences, etc. Bare, 
 
 12. pinaatrif Somm. 
 
 13. V. vireecens (?), Tuck. — On trees. Bare. 
 Evernia, Acb. 
 
 14. furfuraeea, Mann. — On fences, etc. Bare. 
 
 15. prunastrij Acb. — On trees (extralimital). Com. 
 Usnea, Dill. 
 
 16. barhata, Tr. 
 
 17. V. Jloridttj Acb. — On trees, fences, etc. Com. 
 
 18. V. Jiirta, Hoffm. — On fences, etc. Com. 
 
 19. V. strigosttf Acb. — On trees. Com. 
 
 20. V. ruhiglnosa, Mx. — On trunks, etc. ComJ^' 
 
 21. V. daaypoga, Tr. — On bushes, Elkton. Bare, 
 
 22. V. articulata, Schger. — On trunks. Frequent. 
 
 23. V. eeratina, Ach. — On trees. Com. 
 
 24. angulata, Ach. — On trunks. Com. 
 Alectoria, Acb. 
 
 25. hicolor, Tr, — On fences, etc. Rare. 
 
 26. setacea, Acb. — On trees, New Jersey. 
 Panneliadse. — The Family of Foliaceous Lichens. 
 
 Theloscbistes, Norm. 
 
 27. chryaophtJialma, Linn. On trunks. Com. 
 
 28. v.pubera, Wallr. — On trunks. Com. 
 
 29. y. exilia, Mx. — On trunks. Com. 
 
 30. parielina, Tr. — On trunks, etc. Com. 
 
 31. V. lychnea, Scbeer. — On pyrus, etc. Com. 
 
 32. y. polycarpa, Tr. — On trees. Com. 
 
 33. V. atireola, Tr. — On trunks. Com. 
 
 • 34. V. citrinella, Tr. — On trunks. Com. 
 
 35. candelarlfiy Acb. — On smooth trunks. Com. 
 
 36. T. atellata, Nyl. — On shrubbery. Com. 
 
 37. \.Ji.broaa, Tr. — On shrubbery. Com.-f 
 
 ■s This variety is often highly colored, but most of the others arc 
 also frequently found more or less rubiginous. 
 
 t The three species here noted might all be embraced as varieties 
 of one species. 
 
 Farm el i a. 
 
 38. crinitaf Acb. — On trunks. Com. 
 
 39. perforata, Acb. — On trunks of oak, etc. Com. 
 
 40. perlata, Acb. — On trees. Com. 
 
 41. V. olivetorum. — On trunks. Very rare. 
 
 42. acortia, Ach. — On trunks, fences, etc. Com. 
 
 43. tiliaceay Acb. — On trees. Com. 
 
 44. horreri, Turner. — On trunks in lawn. Com. 
 
 45. V. rudecta, Tuck. — In similar places. Com. 
 
 46. aaxatilis, Acb. — On fences, trunks, etc. Frequent. 
 
 47. aleuritea, Ach. — On dead juniperus. Rare. 
 
 48. lavigaiua, Acb. — On fences^ etc. ^ot com. 
 
 49. pkyaodea, Ach. — On fences, etc. Com, 
 
 50. colpodes, Acb. — On the base of carya. Com. 
 
 51. Jendleri, Tuck. — On pines, New Jersey, 
 
 52. olivacea, Ach. — On thip, scaly bark. Rare. 
 
 53. caperata, Ach. — On rocks, fences, trees, etc. Com,. 
 
 54. conaperea, Acb. — On dry, exposed rooks. 
 
 55. V. stenophyllaf Ach. — On rocks, etc. Rare, 
 
 56. incwva, Tr. — On rocks. Quite rare, 
 {molybdena), Tuck. — On mossy rocks. 
 
 57. V. chronia, Nyl. — On similar places. Bare. 
 Physeia, Tr. 
 
 58. ciliariaj Dl. — On base of trees, etc. Com. 
 
 59. V, galaciophylla, Tuck. On rocks. Rare. 
 
 60. lenomela, Acb. On rocks, Landenburg. Bare, 
 
 61. pulverulenta, Tr. — On rocks. Com. 
 
 62. V. lencoleiptea, Mubl,' — On dry lime-rocks. Rare. 
 
 63. V. pityria, Nyl. — On dry bark. Rare. 
 
 64. hypoleuca, Mubl. — On trees and rock*. Com, 
 
 65. apecioea, Ach. — On trunks. Com. 
 
 66. atellaris, Wallr. — On trees. Com. 
 
 67. V. aatroidea, Clem. — On smooth trunks. Com. 
 
 68. V. tribacia, Tr. — On old salix. 
 
 69. V. leptalea, Tr, — On rocks. 
 
 70. V. aipoUa. — On rocks, etc. {Par : phase, Tuck.) 
 
 71. V. atellari-expanaa, Tr. — On trees and stones. Com, 
 
 72. obacura, Tr, 
 
 73. V. ulothriXf Ach. — On trunks. Com, 
 
 74. V. erythrocardia, Tuck, — On trunks. Com, 
 
 75. V. adglutinata. Tuck. — On trunks. Com., 
 
 76. V, ciliatas, Hoffm. — On trees and rocks. Frequent, 
 
 77. deionaa, Tr. — On shaded and moist rocks. Com, 
 Pyxine, Tr. 
 
 {cocoes), Swartz. 
 
 78. V, sorediata, Tuck. — On rocks. Comt 
 Umbilicariadas. — The Family of the Umbilicarias. 
 
 TTmbilicaria, Hoffm. 
 
 79. dillenii, Turk. — On rocks, Schuylkill. Rare. 
 
 80. muhlenbergii, Ach. — On rocks, Tamaqua. 
 
 81. pustulata, Hoffm. — On "Cave Rocks," Chester County .f 
 Peltigeridse . — The Family of the Peltigeras. 
 
 Sticta, Ach. 
 
 82. aurata, Acb. — On mossy rocks, roots, etc. Bare, 
 
 83. quercizana, Acb. — On mossy rooks. 
 
 84. acrobiculata, Ach. — On trunks and rocks. 
 
 85. pulmonan'a, Acb. — On the base of trees. Com. 
 
 86. glomeruliferaa, Delis. — On rocks and stumps. Com., 
 
 87. herbacea, Acb. — On trunks and rocks. Com. 
 Nephroma, Ach. 
 
 88. reaupinata, Acb. — On trunks, etc. Com. 
 
 89. helvetica, Ach. — On trees and rooks. Com. 
 Peltigera, HoflTm. 
 
 90. aphtkosa, Hoffm. — On mossy rocks. Com. 
 
 91. canina, Hoffm. — Among mosses. Com. 
 
 92. ru/eacena, Hoffm. — On the earth, among mosses. 
 
 93. polydactyla, Hoffm. — On mossy rocks. 
 
 94. horizontalia, Hoffm. — On similar places. 
 
 95. venoaa, Hoffm, — In shady woods. Bare. 
 Solorina, Ach. 
 
 96. a,accata, Ach, — On limestone rocks. Bare. 
 
 X I had already inserted the two preceding species. Since the 
 completion of the catalogue I learn that U. puatulata,'Hof^m.,}iaa 
 quite recently been collected off the " Cave Rocks," and claims an in- 
 sertion. — E. M. 
 
BOTANY. 
 
 457 
 
 Piiniiaria, Delis. 
 
 Gyaleota, Aoh. 
 
 97. 
 
 tripiophylla, Tr. — On roots, rocks, etc. 
 
 159. pineti, Tuck. — On rotten wood, etc. Com. 
 
 98. 
 
 V. coronataf Tr. — On rocks. Rare. 
 
 Uroeolaria, Ach. 
 
 99. 
 
 \. corallinoidee, Tr. — On lime-rocks. Hare. 
 
 160. acruposa, Somm. — On rocks, fences, etc. Rare. 
 
 100. 
 
 V. mierophi/Ua, StGD. — On rocks. Mare. 
 
 Myriangium, Mont, and Beck. 
 
 101. 
 
 leucoaticta, Tuck. — On rocks and base of trees. Bare, 
 
 161. curiluli, Beck. — On young bark of nyssa. Com, 
 
 102. 
 
 plumbea, Tuck. — On trunks. Not com. 
 
 Cladoniidm. — The Family of the Cladonias. 
 
 
 {molyhdina), Tuck. 
 
 Gladonia, HofFm. 
 
 103. 
 
 T. eronia, Tuck. — On mossy rooks. Hare. 
 
 162. turgida, Hoffm.— On moist earth. Com. 
 
 Collemidse.-- The Family of the Collemas. 
 
 163. pt/j:idata,TT. — On the earth. Very com. 
 
 Collema, Hoflfm. 
 
 164. gracilis, Tr.— On the earth. Com. 
 
 104. 
 
 anomalum. 
 
 165. V. cCT'i'icorm's, Auct. — On the earth. Oom. 
 
 105. 
 
 flaceidum, Ach. — On trunks and rocks. Com. 
 
 166. V. verticiUatua, Hoffm. — On the earth. Com. 
 
 106. 
 
 pustulatum, Ach. — Among mosses. Rare. 
 
 167. degenerane, Floerk.— In open woods. Frequent. 
 
 107. 
 
 melcenum, Ach. — On rooks and trunks. Rare. 
 
 168. fimbriata, Tr.— On the earth. Com. 
 
 108. 
 
 pUeatiU, Ach. — On lime-rocks. Rare. 
 
 169. v.radiata,Tr -The same. Com. 
 
 109. 
 
 pulpoBumj Ach. — On mossy rocks. Rare. 
 
 170. cornuta, Tr. — On mossy trunks, etc. Com. 
 
 110. 
 
 mgreacenSf Ach. — On trunks and rocks. Oom. 
 
 171. decorticnta, Floerk. — In hilly woods. Com. 
 
 111. 
 
 aggregatunif Ach. 
 
 172. parasitica, Schacr. — On fallen logs. Frequent. 
 
 Leptogium, Tr. 
 
 173. aquamoea, Hoffm. — On logs, stones, etc. Com. 
 
 112. 
 
 laeermn, Tr. — On earth and mossy rocks. Com. 
 
 174. V. ventricosa, Tr. — On the same. Com. 
 
 113. 
 
 pulchellum, Ach. — On trunks and rocks. Corn. 
 
 175. V. attenuata, Tr. — On the earth, logs, etc. Com. 
 
 114. 
 
 tremelloides, Linn. — Rocks and trunks. Rare. 
 
 176. furoafa, Floerk. — On the earth. Com. 
 
 115. 
 
 lurgessii, Lightft. — On trunks. Rare. 
 
 177. V. eriepata, Floerk. — The same. 
 
 116. 
 
 aatxu-ninum, Ach. — On trunks, etc. Com. 
 
 178. T. cristata, Tr.— The same. 
 
 Lecanoridm. — The Family of the Lecanoras. 
 
 179. V. racemoaa, Floerk. — The same. 
 
 Plaoodium, D. C. 
 
 180. r. enbulata, Floerk. — The same. 
 
 117. 
 
 cinnaharlnum, Somm. — On trunks and stones. Com. 
 
 181. rangiferina, Hoffm. — On the earth. Com. 
 
 118. 
 
 aurantiaciim, Lightfoot. — On rocks and trees. Com.. 
 
 182. T. aylvatica, Floerk. — The same. Com. 
 
 119. 
 
 mtellimimf Ach. — On dead wood and stones. Com. 
 
 183. T. alpeetris, Floerk. — The same. Com. 
 
 120. 
 
 ferritginenm. 
 
 184. T.^ortentosa, Lehm.— On the earth. Frequent. 
 
 121. 
 
 eamptidium, Tuck. — On trunks. Rare. 
 
 186. nneialis, Tr. — On sterile ground. Frequent. 
 
 Lecanora, Ach. 
 
 186. T. humilior. — On dry stumps. Rare. 
 
 122. 
 
 paUeacenSy Tr. — On trunks, rails, etc. 
 
 187. cornucopioidea, Tr. — On the earth. Com. 
 
 123. 
 
 tartareOj Ach. — On rocks. 
 
 188. JicerJeiana, Tr. — On the earth and dead wood. Com. 
 
 124. 
 
 v.frigida, Ach. — Often spreading over mosses. 
 
 189. macilenta, Hoffm. — On logs and earth. 
 
 325. 
 
 aubfusca, Tr. — On trunks and rocks. 
 
 190. mitrula, Tuck. — On dry banks, logs, etc. 
 
 126. 
 
 T. discolor, Tr. — On trunks. 
 
 Lecidiidse. — The Family of the Leoideas. 
 
 127. 
 
 v. distans, Tr. — On lawn shrubbery. 
 
 Basomyces, Tr. 
 
 128. 
 
 hagenij Ach. — On old pine-wood. 
 
 191. roaeua, Pers.— On cold, sterile clay-banks. Com. 
 
 129. 
 
 cinerea, Tr. — On rooks. 
 
 Biatora, Tr. 
 
 130. 
 
 calcarea, Ach. — On rooks, etc. 
 
 192. rufo-nigra, Tuck. — On acer trunks. 
 
 131. 
 
 muralisy Schreb. — On rocka. 
 
 193. decolorana, Tr. — On sterile, burned earth. 
 
 132. 
 
 varia, Tr. — On trunks, fences, etc. 
 
 194. ruseula, Tr. — On thin bark, — acer. 
 
 133. 
 
 V. gapincola, Tr. — On old Lombardy poplar. 
 
 195. aanguineo-atra, Tr. — Among mosses. 
 
 134. 
 
 orthroocarpa, Dub. — On trunks, — cerasus. 
 
 196. exigua, Ohaub. — On thin bark. 
 
 135. 
 
 cieeio-rubella, Aoh. — On trunks. 
 
 197. chloropkotis. 
 
 136. 
 
 alhella, Ach. — On the bark of cedar-rails, etc. 
 
 198. rubella, Ehrh.— On trunks. 
 
 137. 
 
 miculata, Aoh. On trunks. 
 
 199. apadieea, Ach. — On decaying bark. 
 
 138. 
 
 angulata, Tr. — On trunks, etc. 
 
 200. euffuaa, Tr.— On trunks. 
 
 139. 
 
 cerina, Ach. — On trees with smooth bark, — aspen. 
 
 201. schweinilzii, Tr. — On trunks. 
 
 140. 
 
 chloropholis, Tr. — On rocks. 
 
 202. inundata, Tr. — On damp rooks. Rare. 
 
 141. 
 
 ochrophsea, Tuck. — On rocks. 
 
 203. anihrophila, Nyl. — On carya bark. 
 
 142. 
 
 cervina, Sommf. — On trunks and rocks. 
 
 204. pineti, Pers. — On mosses and rotten wood. 
 
 143. 
 
 V. diecreta, Pers. — On rocks. 
 
 205. freaco-lutea. Hook. — On mosses, etc. 
 
 144. 
 
 V. privignaf Ack. — On lime-rocks. 
 
 Heterothecium, Flot. 
 
 Kinodina, Moss. 
 
 206. tuberculoaum. Fee. 
 
 145. 
 
 chrysomelsena, Ack. — On rocks. 
 
 207. V. porphyritea. Tuck. — On trunks. 
 
 146. 
 
 aophodea, Ach. — On cherry-trunks, dead wood, etc. 
 
 Lecidea, Ach. 
 
 147. 
 
 ascociscana, Tuok.^On trunks, — castanea. 
 
 208. contigua, Tr. — On rocks. 
 
 148. 
 
 eortatana, Nyl. — On trunks, — -earpinus. 
 
 209. albo-caeruleacena, Tr.— On rocks and stones. 
 
 Pertusaria, D. C. 
 
 210. fuaco-atra, Tr. — On rocks and stones. 
 
 149. 
 
 faginea, Tuck. — On trunks. 
 
 211. lapicida, Ach. — On rooks and stones. 
 
 160. 
 
 T. orbiculata, Tuck. — On trunks, — fagus. 
 
 212. aabuletorum, Schaer. — On old wood. 
 
 151. 
 
 globularia, Aoh. — On trunks. 
 
 213. enteroleuca, Tr. — On smooth bark, — acer. 
 
 152. 
 
 rh^exostoma, Nyl. — On carya-trunks. 
 
 214. miliaria, Tr.— On dead wood, old rails. 
 
 163. 
 
 papillata, Aoh. — On cerasus. Not com. 
 
 215. V. lignosum, Tr. — On old rails, etc. 
 
 154. 
 
 pertuaa, Aoh. — On various trunks. 
 
 Buellia, De Not. 
 
 155. 
 
 V. aorediifera, — On trees. 
 
 216. parasema, Aoh. — On trunks, rocks, etc. 
 
 156. 
 
 T. leucoatoma, Tr. — On trunks. 
 
 217. atro-alba, Ach.— On rocks and stones. 
 
 157. 
 
 V. areolata, Tr. — On trunks. 
 
 218. achsereri, De Not. — On dead juniperus. 
 
 Urceolaridie. — The Family of the Conotremas. 
 
 219. albo-atra, — On Juglans nigra. 
 
 Conotrema, Tuck. 
 
 220. inquilina. Tuck. — Growing on pertusaria. 
 
 158. 
 
 urceolatum., Tuck. — On trunks of acer. Com. 
 
 58 
 
 221. vernieoma, Tuck. — On rocks, granitic, etc. 
 
458 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 -The Family of the Opegraphas. 
 Opegrapha, Humb. 
 
 222. varia, Pers. — On trunks, — carya, quercus, etc. 
 222 his. V. notha, Pers. — On carpinus-trunks. 
 
 223. V. puUcaris, Tr. — On smooth trunks. 
 
 224. atra, Pers. — On various trunks. 
 
 225. V. 8tenocarpa, Tr. — On tagus. 
 
 226. V. ahbreviata, Pers. — On fagus. 
 
 227. V. macnlaria, Tr. — On carya, laburnum. 
 Xylographa, Tr, 
 
 228. parallela, Aoh. — On smooth bark of cerasus. 
 Graphis, Aoh. 
 
 229. acripta, Ach. — On carya, aoer, etc. 
 
 230. V, eerpenlina, Schaer, — On thick bark, 
 
 231. T, limitata, Schaer. — On thin bark, 
 V, recta, Shaer, — On cerasus. 
 
 Arthoniidse. 
 
 Arthonia, Ach. 
 
 232. pdli/morpha, Ach. — On fraxinus. 
 
 233. speciabilis, Flot, — On ainus serrntula. 
 pimctiformis, Ach, — On thin bark, 
 
 Caliciidte, 
 
 Acolium, Fee, 
 
 234. tigillare, A^h, — On dead wood. 
 Calicium, Pers. 
 
 235. iurhinatnm, Tr. — On pertusaria. 
 
 236. parietinum, Ach. — On old wood, fences, etc. 
 
 237. triehiale, Aoh. — On quite rotten wood, 
 
 238. brunneoluvi, Ach,— On old wood, 
 Endocarpidee, — The Family of the Endocarpons, 
 
 Endocarpon, Hedw. 
 
 239. arhoreum, Schw. — On the base of old oak-trees. 
 
 240. fivviatile, D. 0. — On wet or immersed rocks. 
 
 241. miniatum, Aoh, — On dry rocks, 
 
 242. pusillum, Hedw, — On sterile earth, 
 Trypethelidm. — The Family of the Trypetheliums, 
 
 Trypethelium, Sprengel. 
 
 243. vims, Tuck. — On fagus-trnnks, 
 
 244. acorites. Tuck. — On carpinus. 
 Pyrenulidse. — The Family of the Pyrenulas. 
 
 Sagedia, Mass. 
 
 245. ceatrica. Tuck. — On trunks of fagus. 
 
 246. lactea, Kaerb. — On a smooth trunk, — acer? 
 Verrucaria, Pers. 
 
 246 bia, nigreecena, Pers. — On rock and stone. 
 
 247. pennaylvanica, Tuck. — On fagus. 
 Pyrenulae, Ach. 
 
 248. punctiformia, Pers. — On viburnum prunifolium. 
 
 249. hyaloapora, Nyl. — On various trunks. 
 
 250. glabrata, Ach.— On trunks. 
 
 251. niiida, Ach. — On trunks, — populus, etc. 
 
 252. alba, Schrader. — On fagus trunks. 
 Gonionema, Nyl. 
 
 253. velufinum, Nyl. (?) — On sheltered lime-rocks. 
 
 The ultimate determination of some of the genera and 
 species of lichens here enumerated is quite uncertain. 
 Lichenists seem to have broken off their allegiance to Fies 
 and his system, while a host of ambitious rivals are in the 
 field ready to assume the precedence, each having a system 
 of his own. 
 
 V. — Hystebophyta. — The Fungi. 
 Although there have been some 1200 species of fungi 
 collected and preserved in this county, a very larfe per- 
 centage of which have passed under the experienced eyes 
 of Berkeley and Curtis, and carry the impress of their de- 
 termination, it is impossible for me, at this late period of 
 life, to arrange them properly in a catalogue without more 
 eflBcicnt aid than I am able to obtain ; indeed, the litera- 
 ture of the lichens and fungi is in too unsettled a state to 
 allow satisfactory catalogues to be made. 
 
 METEOROLOGY. 
 Slight shocks of earthquakes have been noted at various 
 dates of our history, as in 1726, 1732, 1738, 1755, 1763, 
 etc. Samuel Taylor, of East Bradford, in his diary (H , 
 20, 1800) writes : 
 
 "This morning about daybreak we were alarmed by two shocks of 
 an earthquake, so hard as to shake the house till the windows rattled 
 as if the glass would fall out." 
 
 The season of 1816 was remarkably cool, there being 
 frost in every month during the summer, and crops were 
 almost an entire failure. Wheat reached $3 per bushel in 
 consequence thereof. 
 
 In 1822 there was a great flood in the Brandy wine (2d 
 month 17th), and a larger one on the 21st, which carried 
 away bridges, mills, dams, etc., and several persons were 
 drowned. The water rose about thirteen feet. 
 
 On the 6th of July, 1824, the township of Pennsbury 
 was visited by a violent tornado. Between four and five 
 o'clock in the afternoon there arose a small cloud in the 
 northwest, having a light and thin appearance, neither in- 
 dicating much rain nor wind ; but from it issued the most 
 vivid flashes of lightning in sublime succession, accom- 
 panied with very loud peals of thunder* A short time 
 before sunset the cloud separated, one part went towards 
 the south and the other towards the north, leaving the sky 
 almost bare between them ; they soon reunited, producing 
 the greatest agitation in the atmosphere that can be imag- 
 ined. Those who saw describe it in the shape of a funnel, 
 with the small end down, and having the appearance of a 
 column of fire ; the very clouds themselves seemed to be 
 broken up and hurled to the earth. It commenced the 
 work of destruction north of the Street road, on the farm of 
 Jacob Baily, tearing down all his apple-trees except three, 
 carrying some in the air at least three hundred yards from 
 the place where they stood. It unroofed part of his barn, 
 passing into the woodland of John Parker, Jr,, tearing up 
 and twisting off nearly all his trees, till it reached James 
 Bennett's, Passing over his field and meadow, it over- 
 turned all that stood in its way. Entering some woodland 
 belonging to James Bennett and Edward Temple, it made 
 an opening, like a clearing, 15 to 20 perches in width, 
 leaving nothing but a few saplings. So great was the ve- 
 locity of the wind that it splintered some of the toughest 
 hickories that were near two feet in diameter. 
 
 In the open fields the force in places seemed collected in 
 a small focus; where that was the case the ground was torn 
 up about the size of a hogshead, and to the depth of a foot 
 or fifteen inches. 
 
 The next woodland in its track was Moses Way's and 
 Joseph Temple's, large white-oak timber, two and three feet 
 over, where it made a clearing of several acres. It passed 
 near the east end of M. Way's house, unroofed part of his 
 kitchen, and overturned a number of trees in his orchard; 
 then, descending into the hollow, it unroofed the barn of 
 Joshua Harvey, and broke a cart which was standing near 
 by, some timbers falling on it, and injured the roof of the 
 dwelling-house. 
 
 It crossed the Brandywine near Chads' Ford, when its 
 power gradually diminished, and no material damage was 
 done. Wherever it passed over a corn-field the corn for 
 
METEOROLOGY. 
 
 459 
 
 about two or three perches was killed, and was as dry the 
 next day as if exposed to intense heat. The oats for rods 
 were leveled with the ground, and the grain switched off as 
 if it had been flailed. Two thousand cords of timber are 
 supposed to have been blown down, and much of it so split 
 and broken as to be useless except for fuel. 
 
 The houses escaped with slight injury, but had they been 
 directly in its track they must have been demolished. 
 
 The thunder and lightning was unusually severe ; it 
 struck a tree near Joseph Temple's; he and his wife were 
 stunned. It also struck one near Edward Temple's spring- 
 house, killing a steer that was standing near it. 
 
 The early summer of 1826 was very dry. On 3, 22, 
 1828, the orchards were in bloom and the meadows very 
 green, but in the following month snow fell to the depth of 
 nearly two feet. A frost, 6, 6, 1836, killed the corn and 
 damaged the wheat. 
 
 The summer of 1838 was remarkably dry, no rain of 
 importance falling from 6th month 4th to 9th month 12th, 
 and the grasshoppers became very numerous. Corn 
 was put into shock during the latter days of summer. 
 8, 4, 1843, a violent thunder-storm occurred, with 
 high water, which swept away many factory dwell- 
 ings. The autumn of 1 844 was very dry. On the 
 evening of 7, 20, 1860, a very large meteor passed 
 slowly across the northern sky from west to east. In 
 1877 a tornado passed over a portion of our county, 
 of which an account, entitled " The Great Tornado," 
 was published soon after in pamphlet form by Richard 
 Darlington, Jr., and from which the following is con- 
 densed : 
 
 ERCILDOUN TORNADO, JULY, ISTf. 
 
 The tornado which passed over the village of 
 Ercildoun occurred on the 1st of July, 1877, about 
 three p.m. It commenced at a point three-fourths of 
 a mile southeast of the Gap Station on the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad, and about two miles west of the 
 Chester County line, and in length extended about 
 twenty-two miles, terminating near Broad Run, in 
 West Bradford township. The day was warm, the 
 mercury registering about 92 degrees. Tlie atmos- 
 phere was very close, and the air was well charged with 
 electricity. The storm-cloud was funnel-shaped, the 
 larger end being attached to the clouds, the smaller 
 extending to the earth, and sweeping it in a track 
 from 50 to 200 yards in width. The track of the 
 tornado was marked with fearful destruction to prop- 
 erty, and while several persons were injured, only one was 
 killed. Her name was Mary Hopkins, a colored woman, 
 living near Newlin's mill, East Fallowfield township. A 
 man named Jacob Eisinberger was gathered up by the storm 
 and carried about 200 yards. His jaw was broken, and he 
 was injured in many other ways. Samuel Jackson, of 
 Parkesburg, was also badly hurt. 
 
 The storm-cloud had a rotary motion, in addition to a 
 progressive movement of from twelve to fifteen miles an 
 hour. The velocity of the rotary movement was very great, 
 and the largest trees of the forest were unable to withstand 
 its force. In a woods belonging to Thomas Shields, near 
 Ercildoun, a complete track was cut, and several hundred 
 
 trees wore prostrated and lying in all directions. Several 
 barns were destroyed, not a vestige being left above the 
 foundation walls. 
 
 The general direction of the progressive movement 
 of the storm-cloud was from northwest to southeast, 
 the prevailing course being S. 75° E. After leaving 
 Newlin's mill it veered a little to the north, and it 
 moved S. 83° E. to a point about half a mile east of 
 Ercildoun, when the cloud arose in the air and passed 
 along at a higher elevation, relieving the farms and 
 property from injury. It again descended, and struck 
 the earth on Richard Rally's property, near Broad Run. 
 His barn was entirely destroyed. The tornado continued 
 between one and two miles at this lower elevation, and then 
 arose and disappeared from view. The distance passed over 
 by the storm-cloud without injury before reaching Broad 
 Run was about seven miles. 
 
 The in-rushing winds on either side of the tornado pro- 
 duced in some instances nearly as much destruction as the 
 
 
 )Surk ^jt^k 
 
 
 
 t . ^. -- 
 
 L- 
 
 :>. -\; vv # f^^^^ \ 
 
 STOEM-CLOUD, 1S77, ERCILDOUN, CHISTEB CO., PA. 
 
 cloud itself. The injury extended, in a few cases, over a 
 track 300 yards wide. Much speculation was indulged in 
 as to the cause of the whirl, and even as to the formation 
 of the cloud itself. Undoubtedly currents of air from ad- 
 verse directions and of different temperatures had an impor- 
 tant influence in generating the cloud. In fact, Joseph 
 D. Pownell claims to have seen the first contact of the op- 
 posing currents from the porch of his residence, near Gap 
 Station, in Lancaster County, at which point the " whirl" 
 began. 
 
 Currents of air, when meeting from opposite or from 
 different directions, are supposed to encounter less resistance 
 in their struggle for supremacy from lateral than from ver- 
 
460 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 tical pressure, and if so a rotary movement could readily be 
 inaugurated. 
 
 The storm-cloud in its course passed along the southern 
 limit of Parkesburg, and overthrew several frame buildings 
 in that borough. The next village in the track of the 
 storm was Ercildoun, four miles east, and here was the 
 greatest destruction of property. About half the houses 
 
 The injury to the Ercildoun Seminary property was over 
 
 $10,000. " , •, . „f;nn 
 
 A noticeable feature of the tornado was the destruction 
 of orchards; apple-trees in particular were easily over- 
 thrown, the roots not being set deeply in the earth and the 
 foliage being heavy and dense. One orchard on the North 
 Valley Hill, a short distance above Parkesburg, had 51 trees 
 
 -^^^^^^t^t:^:^ BICHAKD D.VKLINGTO., .:^.m..n. AT BKOILDOUN. OHESTE. CO.. PA.. JULY 1, 1ST 
 
 were overthrown. The school property of Richard Darhng- 
 ton, including also a new dwelling in course of erection, was 
 terribly injured. The unfinished dwelling was entirely de- 
 molished. The trees in the lawn were in many instances 
 cither overthrown or the tops were twisted off. A potato- 
 patch in the rear of the dwelling was rendered entirely bare, 
 all of the new growth being scraped off by the friction of 
 the storm-cloud. 
 
 overthrown. The loss of property by the tornado along its 
 route was estimated at about $36,000. As there was no 
 insurance for injury of this character, the loss fell heavily 
 on many of the sufferers. About $2000 were raised and 
 distributed among the poorer classes in and around Ercildoun. 
 Tins was almost the only amount raised by voluntary con- 
 tiibutions. This is the most serious destruction of prop- 
 erty by wind that our county has ever experienced. 
 
CONRAD ACKER. 
 
 Two brothers named Acker 
 came over from Germany in 
 1732, one of whom, Conrad, 
 located in Montgomery County, 
 from whom those of this name 
 in Chester County are de- 
 scended. 
 
 Conrad married Barbara Ru- 
 ble, from which union Peter 
 was born. Peter Acker mar- 
 ried Elizabeth Laugbaugh, and 
 by her had but one child, Con- 
 rad, the subject of this sketch. 
 Peter subsequently married 
 Elizabeth Beagle, by whom he 
 had nine children. Conrad, 
 son of Peter and Elizabeth 
 (Laugbaugh) Acker, was born 
 in Uwchlan township, Dec. 
 24, 1802. He was raised on the 
 farm and attended the public 
 subscripti(m schools. He was 
 married Jan. 17, 1828, to 
 Leah Keeley, daughter of Con- 
 rad and Margaret Keeley. 
 From this n;ftrriage were born 
 eightchildren: John; "William 
 (deceased) ; Margaret, married 
 to Erank "Keyser ; Elizabeth, 
 married to Charles H. Duck- 
 ett; Joseph (killed in the Ee- 
 bellion); Amelia; Ella; and 
 Amanda. In the spring of 
 1828 he moved to Tredyffrin 
 township, and bought of his 
 father a farm, on which he re- 
 mained until 1850, when he 
 came to his present farm, where 
 he has since resided. When he 
 
 --^crnya^^ ^eXe/?L. 
 
 bought it the land was covered 
 with woods which he cleared 
 off, and on this farm of one 
 hundred and seventeen acres 
 he erected all the buildings 
 and has made many valuable 
 improvements. He has served 
 seven years as school director, 
 and frequently in other local 
 positions. He belongs, with 
 his family, to the Presbyterian 
 Church. He is identified with 
 the Bepublican party, and was 
 a staunch supporter of the 
 government during the Bebel- 
 lion. 
 
 His farm is pleasantly lo- 
 cated in the beautiful Chester 
 Valley, and his home betokens 
 happiness and comfort, as his 
 homestead does thrift and 
 prosperity. His son, Joseph 
 Acker, was mustered into the 
 United States service Sept. 11, 
 1861, for three years, in Com- 
 pany C, Ninety-seventh Penn- 
 sylvania Kegiment; was ap- 
 pointed fourth sergeant- Sept. 
 18, 1861 ; promoted to third 
 sergeant April 30, 1862; pro- 
 moted to second serceant July 
 1, 1863 ; and was killed while 
 advancing with skirmish line 
 at Foster's Place, Bermuda 
 Hundred, May 18, 1864. He 
 was one of the best and bravest 
 soldiers of this noble regiment, 
 commanded by Col. Henry B. 
 Guss. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF CONRAD ACKER, TREDYFFRIN. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 PRELIMINAEY KEMAEKS. 
 
 Since the first settlement of this province several genera- 
 tions have passed away, and the oldest of our citizens can- 
 not recall those who took part therein. Succeeding a pe- 
 riod of almost total indifi'erence upon the subject, there is 
 now a fast-growing interest and desire manifested to know 
 more of that unbroken line of ancestry stretching from 
 the present into the dim, uncertain past. There are of 
 course traditions in nearly every family, but traditions un- 
 supported by other evidence are very unreliable. It has 
 been noticed by all genealogists as a singular circumstance 
 that in most families tradition assigns " three brothers" as 
 their emigrant ancestors, which brothers, settling in differ- 
 ent parts of the country, explains the spread of the name. 
 It is equally singular that when persons are told of the 
 universality of this tradition, they simply note its coinci- 
 dence with the facts in their family history, not suspecting 
 for an instant that they, like all the rest, are under a delu- 
 sion. To all these we may say that unless you have posi- 
 tive records, written at the time, in support of the theory, 
 you should cast it aside as a dream. 
 
 We here present some brief genealogical and biographi- 
 cal sketches from the vastly greater number which, but for 
 want of space, might be given of the citizens and families 
 of our county. 
 
 To economize space, some abbreviations common in ge- 
 nealogical works will be used, such as the letters h. d. and 
 m. for born, died, and married, etc. 
 
 ADAMSON, Charles, who lived at Corner Stores, 
 near Phoenixville, in Schuylkill township, married Mary 
 Corson, sister of Dr. Hiram Cor&on, of Conshohocken. 
 The Adamsons were one of the old Chester County Quaker 
 families. Both Charles and his wife are deceased. 
 
 Thomas Adamson, son of the above, was born at 
 Corner Stores, Chester County, and is one of the oldest 
 members of the consular service. In 1870 he was appointed 
 consul to Melbourne, Australia, which position he held 
 until 1878, yfhen he was appointed by President Hayes as 
 consulrgeneral at Rio de Janeiro. During his residence 
 abroad he has taken " active part in every movement of 
 social utility, and, not content with existing charities, ranked 
 among the leading promoters of several new ventures of 
 benevolence, among which was the Discharged Prisoners' 
 Aid Society." 
 
 Sarah R. Adamson (Mrs. L. C. Dolley, M.D.), sis- 
 ter of the last named, and daughter of Charles and Mary, 
 has the honor of being the second woman in this country 
 who received a full medical education and the degree of 
 Doctor of Medicine, — Elizabeth Blackwell being the first. 
 She attended the select school of Graceanna Lewis, whose 
 
 loan to her pupil of a work on physiology first fascinated, 
 and then led to the determination to make medicine a 
 special study and its practice her life-work. She continued 
 her studies at the Friends' Central School, in Philadelphia, 
 and as a medical student with her uncle, Dr. Hiram Cor- 
 son. In 1849 she made application for admission to one 
 and another of the medical schools, with the consent and 
 encouragement of her preceptor, but in vain. For a time 
 she studied practical anatomy under Dr. Edwin Fussel, 
 who later became professor of anatomy in the Woman's 
 College of Philadelphia. Soon after she was received by 
 the Central Medical College of New York, at Syracuse, 
 from which she was graduated in 1851 with the degree of 
 M.D. She spent a year in Blockley Hospital, and received 
 from its board of managers the same certificate as that 
 awarded to the male physicians. Soon after she married 
 Dr. L. C. Dolley, of Rochester, N. Y., whither she re- 
 moved, and which continues to be her residence. She is 
 president of the Rochester Society of Natural Sciences, an 
 outgrowth of a course of lectures by Graceanna Lewis. 
 Mrs. Dr. Dolley is a sister-in-law of Elijah F. Pennypacker. 
 
 ACKER, Conrad, and wife Barbara (Ruble), from 
 Germany, settled at first near Trappe, in Montgomery 
 County, but in 1771 removed to a farm in Uwchlan, Ches- 
 ter County, now owned by George S. Acker, a great-grand- 
 son. Conrad Acker was a firm patriot, and assisted in 
 burying the victims of the Paoli massacre. Farming is the 
 leading pursuit of the family, who are noted for industry, 
 frugality, and good citizenship. 
 
 The children of Conrad and Barbara were, — 1. Conrad, 
 m. Magdalena, daughter of Johannes and Anna Catharine 
 Laubaugh ; 2. Jacob, died unmarried; 3. John, m. Cath- 
 arine Laubaugh ; 4. Peter, m. Elizabeth Laubaugh ; 5. 
 Henry, m. Elizabeth Weisner ; 6. Catharine, m. John Lau- 
 baugh and, second, John Christman; 7. Elizabeth, m. John 
 Weisner ; 8. Barbara, m. Jacob Weisner ; 9. Mary, m. John 
 King; 10. Eve, m. James Kenny; 11. Hannah, m. 
 Philip Souder. 
 
 The children of John and Catharine Acker were Eliza- 
 beth, m. Abraham Fetters; Mary, m. Samuel Fetters; 
 and John. The last and his cousin Isaac, son of Peter, 
 have been members of the State Legislature. 
 
 Samuel Acker, son of Conrad and Magdalen, was 
 born July 1, 1805, on Marsh Creek, in Uwchlan township. 
 There he remained until sixteen years of age, when his 
 father bought land in Tredyffrin township, where, a few 
 years later,' he died. Samuel was married to Mary Weis- 
 ner, by whom he had one child, ^achariah. He was a 
 practical farmer, and served repeatedly as township auditor. 
 He was a member of the Reform Church of Pikeland, of 
 which Rev. Jesse Knipe has beep pastor for half a century. 
 
 461 
 
462 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 d .au*'y\ji,^^,AJ- 
 
 !iyi^^ 
 
 He was orif>inalIy a Whig, then a Republican, and never 
 missed an election up to two years before his death, Feb. 
 15, 1880. His widow survives him, and resides on the 
 homestead place. He was a man respected for his probity 
 of character and public spirit, which made his decease uni- 
 versally lamented. His only child, Zachariah Acker, is a 
 prominent and well-known merchant of Phoenixville, where 
 he is also one of the proprietors and president of the 
 " Moore Hall Foundry and Machine Company," chartered 
 March 16, 1881. He is one of the leading and most pub- 
 lic-spirited citizens of that town. 
 
 ALDRED, Thomas J., son of William and Catharine, 
 was born Oct. 3, 1803, in Brandywine Hundred, Del., the 
 youngest of nine children. He was married by Rev. Henry 
 Boehm, Feb. 23, 1826, to Hannah Bonsall Fisher, born 
 near Mortonville, Chester Co., Feb. 14, 1801. They were 
 prominent members of the Grove Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, and were the parents of eleven children, of whom 
 nine lived to maturity. William R., one of the sons, a 
 graduate of Dickinson College, died in the army, Aug. 8, 
 1865. A daughter became the wife of Rev. George W. 
 Lybrand, now of Minersville, Pa. The father died Dec. 
 11, 1880. 
 
 ALISON, D.D., Francis, was born in the county of 
 Donegal, Ireland, in the year 1705, and completed his stu- 
 dies at the University of Glasgow. He came to America 
 in 1735, and was for a while engaged as tutor in the family 
 of the father of John Dickinson, of Delaware. He was 
 licensed as a Presbyterian minister in 1736 or 1737, and 
 on May 25th of the latter year was installed pastor of the 
 New London Presbyterian congregation, in Chester CoT, Pa., 
 where he continued fifteen years. 
 
 In 1743 he opened an academy at New London, which 
 became a justly celebrated institution, and served to aid 
 in furnishing the Presbyterian Church with well-qualified 
 ministers and the State with able civilians. 
 
 In 1752 he removed to Philadelphia, and took charge 
 of the Philadelphia Academy. In 1755, upon the estab- 
 lishment of the University of Pennsylvania, he was ap- 
 pointed vice-provost and professor of moral philosophy. 
 He was also assistant minister of the First Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 The degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him 
 by Yale College in 1755, and by the College of New Jersey 
 in 1756 ; and the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity 
 by the University of Glasgow, in Scotland, in 1758. This 
 last distinction, now so common, was then rare, and was 
 only conferred upon men of the most distinguished abilities 
 and learning. 
 
 Dr. Alison was a man of high character as a Christian, 
 a scholar, and a preacher. He had an unusually accurate 
 and profound acquaintance with the Greek and Latin clas- 
 sics, and was well informed in philosophy, history, and 
 general literature. To his zeal for the difi'usion of knowl- 
 edge Pennsylvania owes much of that taste for solid learn- 
 ing and classical literature for which many of her principal 
 characters have been distinguished. 
 
 He opposed the throwing ofi' of the proprietary govern- 
 ment, and as a reward for his services Richard Penn, it is 
 said, gave him a fine tract of land at the confluence of the 
 Bald Eagle with the west branch of the Susquehanna. 
 
 He was the founder of the " Presbyterian Society for the 
 Relief of Ministers and their Widows," and the first named 
 of its trustees. Although his family could ill afford it, he 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 463 
 
 made provision in his will for giving his slaves their lib- 
 erty. 
 
 He had considerable influence in the ecclesiastical judi- 
 catories, and in the controversy which agitated the Presby- 
 terian Church in his day he adhered to what was termed 
 the « Old Side." 
 
 He died Nov. 29, 1779, in the seventy-fourth year of 
 his age. The maiden name of his wife was Armitage. 
 Among other children, he left; a son, Dr. Francis Alison, 
 who became a physician of eminence, and who was the 
 father of the late Dr. Robert Alison, of Jennerville, and of 
 Oliver Alison, at one time sheriff of Chester County. 
 
 ALLEN, John, was born 8, 3, 1694, and died 9, 16, 
 1771. He married, in 1719, Amy Cox, and settled in 
 Londongrove. He brought a certificate from Friends in 
 Ireland to Newark Monthly Meeting, 2, 3, 1714. His 
 wife died 9, 13, 1778. 
 
 Their children were: 1. John, b. 2, 8, 1720 ; d. 10, 1, 
 1754 ; m. 9, 12, 1740, Phebe Scarlet, and lived in London- 
 grove. 2. Rebecca, b. 8, 8, 1722 ; m. Alexander Mode and 
 William Chandler. 3. Emey (Amy), b. 6, 8, 1725 ; m. 
 Philip Ward. 4. Elizabeth, b. 2, 29, 1728 ; m. Simon 
 Dixson. 5. William, b. 8, 3, 1730 ; m. 5, 24, 1758, Sarah 
 Greave. 6. Joseph, b. 5, 12, 1733 ; m. 11, 13, 1755, De- 
 borah Hill. 7. Mary, b. 11, 1, 1738; m. Moses Fraizer. 
 8. Phebe, b. 2, 9, 1739 ; d. 10, 19, 1787. 9. Benjamin, 
 b. 8, 4, 1742 ; m. 12, 20, 1764, Hannah Greenfield. 
 
 One Morrell Allen married Alice Scarlet, a sister of 
 Phebe, wife of John Allen, and lived in Londongrove. 
 There were also Aliens in West Nottingham. 
 
 ALTBMUS, Leonard, whose father was a Frenchman 
 and mother a German, was born in May, 1763, and died 
 Aug. 25, 1826. He married Sarah Walker (born Feb- 
 ruary, 1764 ; died 1798), daughter of Jerman Walker, of 
 Tredyffrin, Chester Co. They had children, — Lydia, Jer- 
 man, Isaac, Hannah, Eliza, Rhoda, and Abijah. Isaac, 
 born 9, 18, 1789, married, first, Hannah Swayne, and 
 second, Sarah Ann Pusey, and lived in Londongrove. 
 His children were Francis S., Marshall, Anna Maria, Al- 
 mira, Hiram, and Hannah Emma. 
 
 ANDERSON, Capt. Patrick, was born July 24, 1719, 
 on a farm on the Pickering Creek, in what is now Schuyl- 
 kill township, and was the first child of European parents 
 born within the limits of the old township of Charlestown. 
 He was the son of James Anderson, a Scotch emigrant, 
 and Elizabeth Jerman, daughter of Thomas Jerman, a 
 noted Quaker preacher and thrifty miller, who settled very 
 early in the Chester Valley. When a babe his mother 
 occasionally left him with the friendly Indian women to be 
 nursed, while she visited her parents across the mountain. 
 In his youth he was sent to Philadelphia to be educated, 
 and afterward he taught school in his father's house. He 
 obtained the home property from his father, and on it at an 
 early date built the saw-mill which now belongs to his 
 great-grandson, Dr. M. J. Pennypacker. He was thrifty and 
 enterprising, and among other possessions owned a number 
 of slaves. There is a letter extant, written by William 
 Moore, of Moore Hall, Nov. 5, 1755, during the progress of 
 the French and Indian war, to William Allen, chief justice 
 of the province, recommending him for a captaincy. 
 
 In the Revolutionary struggle he bore an active part. 
 In 1774 he was elected one of the Chester County com- 
 mittee of which Anthony Wayne was chairman. In March, 
 
 1776, he was appointed by the Assembly senior captain of 
 the Pennsylvania battalion of musketry, and, though then 
 considerably advanced in years, he accepted the position 
 and recruited a company. This battalion, under the com- 
 mand of Col. Samuel J. Atlee, was placed on the right of 
 the American army at the battle of Long Island, fought 
 with great gallantry, capturing from the British and hold- 
 ing a height, and did much to save the army from destruc- 
 tion. Lieut.-Col. Caleb Parry, a friend and neighbor of 
 Anderson, was killed by his side, and, according to tradi- 
 tion, the sight very much enraged him. His company lost 
 heavily in killed, wounded, and missing. Atlee having 
 been captured, the command of the battalion, which had 
 been very much shattered, devolved upon him, and a letter 
 from him to Benjamin Franklin, dated Sept. 22, 1776, 
 detailing its condition, is printed in the Archives. At the 
 capture of Fort Washington all, or nearly all, of his 
 company were taken prisoners, and on the 9th of January, 
 
 1777, he made application for a lieutenant-colonelcy, but 
 does not appear to have succeeded. The battalion was 
 reorganized and consolidated with other troops, and he was 
 put in command of the first company of the State regiment 
 of foot, and later of a company in the Thirteenth Penn- 
 sylvania Regiment in the Continental line. 
 
 He was in the service when, in the fall of 1777, the 
 British passed through Chester County in the campaign 
 for the possession of Philadelphia. At his house they 
 committed great depredations, destroying and taking his 
 furniture and other property, including 11 cows, 7 beef- 
 cattle, 40 sheep, 10 swine, and 121 fowls, to the value of 
 £303 3s. 6d. A mirror, which had been a part of the 
 marriage outfit of his dead wife, escaped, and now belongs 
 to Samuel Pennypacker, Esq. 
 
 He was elected a member of the Assembly in October, 
 
 1778, and after a long contest obtained his seat. He was 
 re-elected in 1779, 1780, and 1781, and as a member of 
 that body voted against all efforts to abolish slavery in 
 Pennsylvania. In April, 1779, he wrote to the Council of 
 Safety in regard to irregularities in the election of the 
 militia officers of Chester County, as conducted by Col. 
 Levi Gronow, and that election was annulled. In 1781 
 he was appointed by the Assembly one of the board of 
 commissioners to provide for the navigation of the river 
 Schuylkill. 
 
 He married, at Christ Church, Philadelphia, Dec. 22, 
 1748, Hannah Martin, and had two children, — Rebecca 
 and Harriet. He married again, Elizabeth Morris, grand- 
 daughter of John Bartholomew, and cousin of Cols. Ed- 
 ward and Benjamin Bartholomew, by whom he had three 
 children, — Isaac, James, and Elizabeth. He married the 
 third time, Ann Beaton, sister of Col. John Beaton," and 
 had by her seven children He died in 1793, and is buried 
 in the yard of the Valley Episcopal Church. 
 
 Isaac Anderson, son of Patrick, was born Nov. 
 23, 1760. When a boy he was a great favorite with tl}e 
 Indians, who still frequented the valley of the Pickering, 
 and oft.en accompanied them on their fishing and hunting 
 
464 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 excursions. Though a mere boy when the Revolutionary 
 war commenced, he was not of the temper to rest in quiet 
 amid (he exciting scenes occurring around him. He was 
 one of the squad who visited William Moore and searched 
 for arms, as is detailed in the sketch of that stanch loyal- 
 ist. In the fall of 1777, during the British invasion, he 
 led a company of militia to the assistance of Washington, 
 and while the army lay at Valley Forge he carried dis- 
 patches to and from the Congress at York. He was a 
 Jeffersonian Democrat, and after the close of the war was 
 appointed a justice of the peace. In 1802 he was elected 
 to the Assembly. From 1803 to 1807 he sat in Congress. 
 In the Monroe campaign, in 1816, he was a Presidential 
 elector, and he was also at one time prominently suggested 
 for the governorship. He was one of the first Methodists 
 in Pennsylvania, he and his wife having been converted in 
 1780, and he frequently preached for that sect. A sketch 
 of Charlestown township written by him was published in 
 Potter's American Monthly for January, 1875. He mar- 
 ried Mary Lane, a great-great-granddaughter of Samuel 
 Richardson, one of the earliest Philadelphia judges and 
 provincial councilors, and also a great-great-granddaughter 
 of Barbara Aubrey, a first cousin of that William Aubrey 
 who married Letitia Penn, and whose ancestor, Sir Regi- 
 nald Aubrey, was one of the Norman conquerors of Wales 
 in the twelfth century. They had eleven children. He 
 was six feet four inches high, and a man of great muscular 
 strength, and of perhaps excessive firmness of character. 
 He died Oct. 27, 1838. 
 
 Dk. James Anderson was born in Charlestown, now 
 Schuylkill township, April 11, 1782. He was the eldest 
 son of Hon. Isaac Anderson, a gentleman of extensive 
 reading and high position. His early life was spent chiefly 
 at home, and his education was such as the country at that 
 time aflForded to its youth. In 1803 he attended a Latin 
 school in Norristown, and in the following year commenced 
 the study of medicine under Dr. Roger Davis, with whom he 
 remained for some time. He attended lectures in the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania for two years, and received his degree 
 in 1806. He first located in Radnor township, Delaware Co. 
 In 1840 he married Mary, daughter of William Thomas, 
 of Lower Merion, Montgomery Co., and there purchased a 
 farm, upon which he settled, and where he resided until 
 his death. He was actively and extensively engaged in 
 the practice of his profession for upwards of thirty years. 
 He was twice married, his second wife being Mary, the 
 daughter of Joseph Wilson, Esq. He educated three of 
 his sons to the profession of medicine. Dr. Anderson was 
 possessed of great energy, decision, and firmness of charac- 
 ter, inflexible in his principles and the maintenance of that 
 which he believed to be right. He died June 1, 1858, in 
 the seventy-seventh year of his age. 
 
 ANDREWS, Alexander, was bom in this county 
 about 1759, and took an active part in the Revolution. 
 He afterward settled down on the east bank of the Octo- 
 rara, where he died in 1816. Andrews' bridge, over that 
 stream, was named for him. 
 
 Arthur Andrews, of Oxford township, married, prior 
 to 1785, Anness, daughter of James Cooper, and was an 
 active citizen of that neighborhood. 
 
 John Andrews married Jane Cooper, daughter of 
 James, and became the owner of 300 acres in Oxford which 
 had belonged to his father-in-law. 
 
 APPLE, Capt. William, was born in Philadelphia, 
 Dec. 17, 1796. He spent his early life there, serving a 
 full apprenticeship to the trade of copper- and tin-smithing, 
 and working at his trade. In 1824 he came to West 
 Chester and established himself in the same business, upon 
 the spot where he ended his busy and useful life in March, 
 1872, aged over seventy-five years. In March, 1834, he 
 united with the Presbyterian Church of the borough, of 
 which he continued an active member until his death. 
 Blessed with a wife who might almost seem to be the origi- 
 nal of the portrait drawn by the wise man in Proverbs 
 xxxi. 10-31, and whose deeds of charity are yet fragrant 
 in our memories, he was eminently successful in all his un- 
 dertakings in life. Wise in his investments, he accumu- 
 lated a competency, which he always used for the welfare 
 of the community. His tastes led him to cultivate and 
 foster the organizations for military, fire, and police service, 
 which he deemed essential to the interests of the borough. 
 He often served as a director or trustee of the various mon- 
 etary interests of the community. 
 
 Capt. Apple was singularly liberal in his aid to the 
 struggling, whether in direct charity or in the loan of 
 means or of credit. Very independent in his views, and out- 
 spoken in the expression of them, he was always the model 
 gentleman, and his upright form and elastic step were in- 
 dicative of the untarnished conscience, the unblemished 
 integrity, and the cheerful loving spirit which dwelt in him. 
 His wife died about sixteen months before his own decease. 
 
 ARNOLD, Richard, of Burlington, married 2, 19, 
 1681, at John Woolston's house, near Burlington, Sarah 
 Chamberlin, and subsequently settled in Thornbury, Chester 
 Co., where he died in December, 1720. His children were, — 
 1. John, d. 1717; 2. Grace, m. in 1710 Ralph Eavenson ; 
 3. Thomas, m. 1714 to Hannah Eavenson, and in 1729 to 
 Ann Rattew ; 4. Josiah ; 5. Elizabeth, m. Richard Pritch- 
 ard in 1716 ; 6. William; 7. Richard ; 8. Sarah; 9. An- 
 thony, m. 9, 30, 1737, to Sarah BufiSngton, widow of John, 
 and daughter of Thomas Eavenson, of Thornbury. He 
 died in September, 1746, in East Bradford, leaving one 
 child, Hannah, who became the wife of Col. Isaac Taylor. 
 Thomas Arnold was a fuller, and established a fulling-mill 
 in West Bradford, now in possession of the Temple family. 
 
 ASH, Joshua, of Darby, married Alice Woodward, 
 daughter of Richard and Mary, of East Bradford, and had 
 issue, — 1. Joshua, b. 4, 16, 1743 ; m. Abigail Evans, 3, 23, 
 1769. 2. Caleb, b. 11, 12, 1744; m. Rebecca Lownes. 
 3. Matthew, b. 10, 28, 1746 ; died young. 4. Samuel, b. 
 5, 31, 1748 ; m. Martha Pearson and Hannah Crozer. 
 5. Sarah, b. 3, 28, 1753. 6. Matthew, b. 2, 25, 1758; 
 m. Mary Gibbons, who died 3, 24, 1862, aged ninety-seven 
 years. 
 
 The children of Matthew and Mary were Jane (m. 
 Abishai Clark), Sarah, Hannah, Mary, Elizabeth, John, 
 Humphry M., Joseph G., Margaret G., Matthew, Caleb, 
 Joshua W., James, Robert P., Ann, George W. 
 
 John Ash, of Darby, perhaps a brother of Joshua, 
 married 2, 25, 1744, Ann Hibberd, of the same township. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 465 
 
 ASH. — Daniel Heinrioh Esch, son of Frederick 
 Wilhelm Esch and Anna Elizabetha, nie Enspelerin, of 
 the Keformed Church, was born April 10, 1717 ; studied 
 the business of an apothecary, his father's profession, with 
 George Herman Enspeler, court, city, and land apothecary 
 in the high countal residence, city of Neuweid, on the 
 Khine, 1737-39, and another year with Dr. Goebel, at 
 Dierdorff, and in 1741 came to Pennsylvania, bringing a 
 certificate from Wilhelm Frederick Schnabelins, the pastor 
 of his church at Hachenburg, dated June 3d of that year. 
 This certificate, with others from the doctors under whom he 
 served his apprenticeship, are now in possession of his great- 
 grandson, Franklin P. Ash, of West Chester. After his 
 arrival here he married, but his exact residence is not .stated. 
 Persons of this name were living in the northern part of 
 Chfester County prior to 1740, who may have been related 
 to him. 
 
 Daniel Heinrioh J]sch and Elizabeth, his wife, had two 
 children, — Joseph, b. March 7, 1744, and John, b. March 
 7, 1747. Before the birth of the youngest child the father 
 sailed for Germany, to look after an estate belonging to him ; 
 but the vessel was never heard of after. It was his design 
 to take his child Joseph with him, but after going on board 
 the ship he was prevailed upon to send the child back. His 
 widow died about the year 1807. 
 
 Joseph Esch (or Ash, as it was anglicized) married Rachel 
 Whitaker, a member of West Cain Friends' Meeting, and, 
 the marriage being by a "priest," she made an acknowl- 
 edgment to the meeting 2, 17, 1769, and in the 12th month 
 following received a certificate of removal to Concord 
 Monthly Meeting. In the 9th month, 1774, she received 
 a- certificate back to Bradford Monthly Meeting. She was 
 perhaps a sister to Phinehas Whitaker, and a daughter of 
 John and Dinah Whitaker. The children of Joseph and 
 Bachel were thirteen in number: 1. John, m. Bathsheba 
 Trego; 2. William, m. Ann Fisher; 3. Mary, m. Caleb 
 Way ; 4. Elizabeth, m. James Lowrey and Carvel Cooley ; 
 5. Rachel, m, Jonathan Webb; 6. Joseph, died without 
 issue; 7. Peter, m. Elizabeth Thomas; 8. Phineas, m. 
 Eleanor Alexander; 9. Susan, m. John Ross; 10. Julia 
 Ann, m. George Lawrence; 11. Sarah, m. Peter SchrofF; 
 12. Daniel, died in infancy; 13. David, b. Oct. 21, 1789, 
 m. Hannah Hayes. 
 
 William was the father of Phineas Ash, of West Cain ; 
 Peter was the father of Franklin P. Ash, ex-recorder of 
 deeds, formerly of Oxford. 
 
 ASHBllIDGE, George, arrived at Philadelphia 5, 5, 
 1698, and in 1701 was living in Edgemont. He married, 
 8, 23, nOlyat Providence Meeting, Mary Malin, of Upper 
 Providence, by whom he had issue : 1. John, b. 6, 1, 1702 ; 
 m. 8, 12, -1732, Hannah Davies. 2. George, b. 12, 19, 
 1703-4 ; d. 3, 6, 1773 ; m. 8, 21, 1730, Jane Hoopes. 3. 
 Jonathan, b. 9, 25, 1705. 4. Mary, b. 11, 10, 1710 ; m. 
 Amos yarnall.- 5. Elizabeth, b. 12, 6, 1708-9.; m. John 
 Sharpless-. 6. Aaron, b. 12, 25, 1712-3 ; m. 2, 21, 1737, 
 Sarah Davies, and again, 9, 4, 1746, Elizabeth Sullivan, a 
 widow. He was a prominent citizen, and his last wife a 
 noted liiinister among Friends. 7. Hannah, b. 2, 26, 1715 ; 
 m. Joshua Hoopes. 8. Phebe, b. 8, 26, 1717 ; m. Richard 
 Thomas and William Trimble. 9. Lydia,b. 11, 22, 1719-20; 
 59 
 
 m. Ellis Davies. 10. Joseph, b. 5, 9, 1723; m. Priscilla 
 Davis, 4, 8, 1749. Mary Ashbridge, the mother of these, 
 d. 2, 15, 1728, and George m. again, 1, 6, 1729-30, Mar- 
 garet Paschall, widow, and soon after removed from Goshen 
 to Chester, where he died in 1748. 
 
 The children of John and Hannah Ashbridge were Jane, 
 Jonathan, Elizabeth, John, Amos, Hannah, David, and 
 Aaron. The father died 5, 21, 1747, and his widow in 
 1771. 
 
 George Ashbridge (2) was elected to the Assembly 
 in 1743, and continued to be re-elected each year until his 
 death, which occurred 3, 6, 1773. His children were, — 
 1. Mary, b. 8, 4, 1731 ; m. Jesse Jones. 2. George, b. 
 1, 1, 1732-3; d. 10, 25, 1785; m. 12, 5, 1754, Rebecca 
 Garrett. 3. William, b. 1, 2, 1734-5; d. 3, 14, 1775; 
 m. Elizabeth Fletcher and settled at Frankford, Pa. 4. 
 Susanna, b. 7, 19, 1737; m. William Gibbons. 5. Phebe, 
 b. 10, 16, 1739 ; m. Isaac Masscy. 6. Jane, b. 8, 10, 1742 ; 
 m. Jesse Maris. 7. Daniel, b. 7, 26, 1744, d. 8, 25, 1771; 
 m. Hannah Paul. 8. Joshua, b. 9, 17, 1746, d. 9, 4, 1820 ; 
 m. 11, 4, 1773, Mary Davis, daughter of Lewis Davis, of 
 Haverford, and remained at the homestead in Goshen. 9. 
 Lydia, b. 12, 12, 1749, d. 7, 17, 1752. 
 
 George Ashbridge (3) settled at Milltown, and had 
 the following children: 1. Lydia, b. 11, 6, 1755; m. 
 Joseph Malin. 2. Mary, b. 9, 13, 1758 ; m Joseph Rhoads. 
 3. Susanna, b. 9, 30, 1761 ; m. John Fairlamb. 4. Jane, 
 b. 10, 11, 1764; m. Samuel Downing. 5. Phebe, b. 9, 8, 
 1767; m. George Valentine. 6. George G.,b. 8, 17, 1770 ; 
 d. 8, 13, 1843; m. 9, 25, 1811, Rachel V. Sharpless, 
 daughter of Abraham and Phebe, of Aston, b. 6, 22, 1786 ; 
 d. 8, 22, 1858. George and his brother William sold the 
 homestead at Milltown, and for a time engaged in the iron 
 manufacture in Jersey. George died in East Cain, leaving' 
 children, Abraham S. and others. 7. William, b. 8, 2,' 
 1773 ; m. Thomazine, daughter of Col. Richard Thomds, 
 and resided in Philadelphia His children wer^ William, 
 Mary, Jane, and Richard, of whom the latter now owns the 
 old Thomas homestead in West Whiteland. 
 
 ASHENFELTER, Henry. — Ashenfelter (originally 
 Aschenfeldter or Eschenfeldter) is a German name, mean- 
 ing an ash-field. Upon the Revolutionary militia-rolls of 
 Philadelphia County are the names John, Liidowic, and 
 Thomas. Henry Ashenfelter was born July 24, 1814, in 
 Montgomery County, and was the son of Peter and Mary 
 (Gotzwaltz) Ashenfelter. His mother was a daughter of 
 Henry Gotzwalta, who married the daughter of Christian, 
 son of Heinrich Funk, the eminent theologian and author. 
 Christian was also a distinguished divine. Heinrich had a 
 celebrated religious work printed in Philadelphia in 1763, 
 which was reprinted at Biel, in Switzerland,' in 1844, and 
 at Lancaster, Pa., in 1862. Christian's father, Henry' 
 Funck (Funk)-, settled on Indian Creek, in Montgomery 
 County, in 1719, and was an eminent Mennonite preacher. 
 He wrote another book, called " Ein Spiegel der Taufe,'" 
 printed at GermantoWn in 1744. He, with Dielman Kolb, 
 on behalf of the Mennonites, supervised the trslnslatioii 
 from Dutch into German of the Martyr Book of Van 
 Braght, published at Ephrata, Pa., in 1748, slnd the -inost 
 imposing literary work of colonial days. 
 
466 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Henry Ashenfelter's grandfather, Ludowic, was in the 
 war of 1812. When five years old Henry removed to 
 this county, and in 1824 began working, when only four- 
 teen, in the Phoenix Iron-Works. He remained in Phoe- 
 
 nixville until 1832, then worked at the mouth of Wissa- 
 hickon in re-ruling unsalable English bar-iron. He re- 
 turned to Phoenixville and worked in the iron business 
 until 1836, when he removed to Reading, where he helped 
 to make the first nails manufactured there. Here he was 
 two years a school director. In 1845 he returned to Phoe- 
 nixville, where he was engaged in the mills (nailing-) until 
 1850, when he organized the Workingmen's Iron and Nail 
 Company, by whom he was appointed inspector of nails. 
 After his return from Reading he was school director five 
 years. In 1852 he embarked in the railroad building as 
 manager, and in 1853 became manager of different depart- 
 ments in the Phoenix Iron- Works, and so continued to 
 1857. Since then has been tax collector and assessor. 
 For past nine years he has been in the school board, and for 
 five its treasurer. He was four terms a notary public. He 
 is a Republican, active in his party and zealous for its suc- 
 cess. He has been a member of Phoenix Lodge, No. 212, 
 Independent Order of Odd-Fellows, since its organization 
 in 1847, and has passed all the chairs. Was a charter 
 member of the Sons of Temperance, instituted in 1845. 
 Ho was married, Dec. 20, 1836, to Martha Knerr, and has 
 had the following children: Mary Emma, died younf 
 George W., deceased ; Hannah Maria, married to Isaac 
 Laning, of Bridgeton, N. J. ; S. M. ; and Martha Emily, 
 married to Daniel Moore, of the firm of Caswell & Moore. 
 Mr. Ashenfelter is one of the county's best citizens, 
 upright and public-spirited. He pays special attention to 
 numismatics, in collecting rare and ancient coins, relics, etc. 
 His son, George W., was first lieutenant of Company H, One 
 
 Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania Regiment, and was 
 wounded in the ankle at Fair Oaks, before Richmond, in 
 1862. He was subsequently promoted to be captain, was a 
 brave soldier, and died after the close of the war. His 
 son, S. M. Ashenfelter, graduated at Dickinson College in 
 1864. He then read law with ex-Mayor Peter McCall, 
 of Philadelphia, and subsequently spent several years in 
 South America, a portion of which was in the office of the 
 United States consul at Guyaquii. He was all this time a 
 correspondent of the New York Tribune. In 1867 he 
 returned from South America and entered the law-office of 
 Hon. J. B. Hawley (member of Congress), of Rock Island, 
 111., where he completed his legal studies. In 1869 he 
 was appointed by President Grant United States district 
 attorney for New Mexico, which position he held until 
 Mr. Hayes' administration. He edited the Grdnt County 
 (New Mexico) Herald for several years, and is now editing 
 and publishing the Daily Southwest, in Silver City, New 
 Mexico. He is an enterprising young man, and well versed 
 in the Spanish language. 
 
 ASKEW, William, produced a certificate from Friends 
 of Woodhall Monthly Meeting, Cumberland, England, to 
 Concord Monthly Meeting, 5, 1, 1728, and settled in Chi- 
 chester. He probably brought some children with him. 
 He married, 9, 13, 1729, Sarah Yarnall, daughter of 
 Francis, of Willistown. His son Lazarus married, 8, 28, 
 1742, Mabel Cloud, and died a few years later, leaving chil- 
 dren. Another son, Joseph, married, 2, 27, 1749, Rebecca 
 Eyre, daughter of William and Mary, of Bethel. Parker 
 Askew, of Concord, son of Joseph and Rebecca, married, 
 11, 17, 1779, Hannah Hatton, daughter of Peter and 
 Sarah, of Concord, by whom he had children, — Rebecca, 
 William, Peter, and perhaps others. This branch of the 
 family went to Ohio. 
 
 ASTON, George, a justice of the peace and active citi- 
 zen, purchased 500 acres in Cain township, on the western 
 side of what is now Downingtown, and is said to have built 
 what is known as the old Hunt mansion, 1727-8. His 
 wife, Elizabeth, was the daughter of Peter Hunter, of Mid- 
 dletown. He died in 1738, leaving children, — George, 
 Peter, Mary (married to Joseph Few, 2, 18, 1733), Su- 
 sanna, and probably Esther, wife of Roger Hunt. 
 
 George Aston (2) married Esther, daughter of Owen 
 Thomas, of East Whiteland, and became the owner of the 
 Admiral Vernon (now Warren) tavern. He left one son, 
 Owen Aston. 
 
 George Aston (1) was styled a Quaker (p. 48), but there 
 is no evidence to that effect in the records of the society. 
 His daughter Mary and son Peter became members. 
 
 ATHERTON, Grace, late of Liverpool, England, was 
 married 11, 15, 1712-3, in Whiteland township, to Rich- 
 ard Thomas, of that place. She was the daughter of Henry 
 and Jennet Atherton, who had not then come to this coun- 
 try. Her parents, writing to her not long after, mention, 
 among other things sent to her, a " Brass Bible ; I mean a 
 large Bible whose cover is studded with Brass, which was 
 your Grandfather Thelwall's, which we desire thee keep for 
 thy little son." This Bible, which was printed soon after 
 the King James version was authorized, is still in the fam- 
 ily of Thomas, but contains no early records. The parents 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOaiCAL. 
 
 467 
 
 also wrote, " We have sent over thy Brother William and 
 sister Mary ; thy Brother Will" is come over free, and has 
 brought his clearence along with him, and as to thy sister 
 Mary, she is come on the Charges of John Holand, and he 
 is to give her 50s. by the year, and she is to serve him 4 
 yeares, but she is not bound to him." John Holland ap- 
 pears to have arrived in 1714, and these probably came 
 with him. Mary married William Taylor, of Cain, early 
 in 1715. After this the parents came to this country with 
 other children. Henry Atherton, second son of Henry 
 Atherton, late of Whiteland, deceased, and Susanna Gar- 
 rett, daughter of Thomas, of Willistown, deceased, were 
 married 8, 14, 1731, at Goshen Meeting, his mother and 
 two brothers being present. Thomas Atherton, another 
 son, was married 9, 4, 1741, at Nantmel Meeting, to Abi- 
 gail Marsh, and about 1763 went to York County. Henry 
 and Susanna had children, — Henry, b. 10, 10, 1732 ; Wil- 
 liam, b. 9, 14, 1734; Caleb, b. 12, 12, 1736. William, 
 Sr., was probably the husband of Rebecca, daughter of 
 Thomas and Ruth Buffitigton. 
 
 BABB, Thomas, married Bathsheba Hussey, daughter 
 of John Hussey, near New Castle, prior to 1700, and lived 
 in Brandywine Hundred. In 1713 his wife died, leaving 
 several children, and he married again, 3, 25, 1720, Eliza- 
 beth (Conway) Booth, a widow, of Middletown township. 
 
 Thomas Babb, Jr., married Sarah , about 1729, 
 
 and removed to Virginia. Peter Babb, son of Thomas, 
 settled in West Cain about 1725, and married, 11, 22, 
 1728, Mary Lewis, daughter of Evan and Ann, of that 
 township. His sister Lydia married John Morgan, of 
 Cain, 10, 17, 1735. 
 
 Peter Babb had several children, of whom Bathsheba 
 married Jeremiah Piersol and Benjamin Trego ; Elizabeth 
 married a Bishop, and Samson married Ann Way, daugh- 
 ter of John and Ann Way, of Kennet. Other children 
 were John, Thomas, Content, Peter, and Susanna. 
 
 Samson Babb was disowned by Friends in 1767 for 
 " keeping and using a fiddle," etc. On the removal of the 
 county-seat to West Chester he became a tavern-keeper 
 there for some years, subsequently removing to the interior 
 of the State. He was the father of Samson Babb, at one 
 time sheriff of the county ; of John Babb, the proprietor of 
 the " Black Bear" tavern in West Chester, and others. 
 
 BAILY, Joel, is supposed to have come from Wilt- 
 shire, England. Among the purchasers of land in Penn- 
 sylvania was- Daniel Baily, of Westbrook, in the parish of 
 Bromham, Wiltshire, weaver, who in 1681 bought 125 
 acres, which was subsequently located in Birmingham 
 township. He did not come over, but Joel Baily, doubt- 
 less a relative, appears to have been concerned in the sale 
 of the land to William Radley in 1713. 
 
 The first mention of Joel Baily is at a court held in 
 September, 1685, when he sues Thomas Withers for wages, 
 and also for assault and battery. One Elizabeth Baily was 
 married in that year to Jeremiah Cloud, &nd in 1687 Joel 
 Baily married Ann Short. At the first court held for 
 Chetter County the Swedish priest was complained of for 
 marrying George Thompson to one Miriam Short, contrary 
 to the laws of the province. Aaron Copppok married in 
 1704 Miriam White, a widow; in 1713 they join with 
 
 Joel Baily and wife in selling land, and Coppoek in his 
 will, 1726, mentions his son-in-law, Ralph Thomson. 
 
 After his marriage Joel Baily resided on this land, 
 which was partly in Middletown and partly in Aston, but 
 in 1704-5 he removed to Marlborough, settling first in the 
 eastern part of what is now East Marlborough, and later in 
 West Marlborough, where he died in 1732. The children 
 of Joel and Ann Baily were,— 1. Mary, b. 9, 10, 1688 ; d. 
 1741 ; m. Alexander Stewart and George Harlan. 2. Ann, 
 b. 10, 10, 1691 ; d. 8, 12, 1774; m. Jeremiah Cloud. 3. 
 Daniel, b. 10, 3, 1693; d. about 1783; m. Olive Harry, 
 1720. 4. Isaac, b. 10, 24, 1695 ; d. 1732; m. 1, 1, 1727-8, 
 Abigail (Johnson) Wiokcrsh'am. 5. Joel, b. 12, 17, 
 1697 ; d. about 1775 ; m. 8, 28, 1724, Betty Caldwell. 
 
 6. John, m. 3, 29, 1729, Lydia Pusey, and again, 4, 8, 
 1732, Mary Marsh. 7. Thomas, m. to Sarah Bentley, 
 daughter of John and Mary Bentley, of Newlin. 8. Jo- 
 siah, m. 3, 9, 1731, to Sarah Marsh, and settled at the 
 homestead. 
 
 The children of Daniel and Olive Baily were William, 
 Ann (m. Joshua Peiroe), Elizabeth, Daniel, Lydia, Olive, 
 Caleb, Nathan, Ruth (m. to Joshua Edwards). Of these, 
 William had a son Levi, born 6, 20, 1750, whom we sup- 
 pose to have been the father of Jeremiah Baily, the in- 
 ventor of the mowing-machine. 
 
 The children of Isaac and Abigail Baily were Isaac and 
 Joel, the first of whom was the grandfather of Isaac H. 
 and Jesse Baily, near Marlborough Meeting, and of Isaac 
 S. Baily, now living in West Chester, in his eighty-seventh 
 year. Joel, son of Isaac, married 11, 14, 1759, Lydia Pusey, 
 and settled on the Street road where his grandsons, John 
 and George T., reside, it being the former residence of John 
 Smith, at which Londongrove Meeting was first held. 
 
 The children of Joel and Betty (Caldwell) Baily were 
 Betty, Hannah, Ann, Joel, b. 12, 16, 1732, d. 10, 29, 
 1797 ; Ruth, Mary, Phebe, Isaac, and Joshua. Joel (3) 
 married, 10, 11, 1759, Elizabeth Marshall, of West Brad- 
 ford, who was the mother of his children. He married, 
 
 7, 4, 1776, Margaret Evans, widow, and 11, 28, 1793, 
 Mary Woodward, also a widow. He was a person of sci- 
 entific attainments, and assisted in observing the transit of 
 Venus in 1769. 
 
 John Baily, by his first wife, Lydia Pusey, had one son, 
 John, and by the second, Mary Marsh, had Susanna, Wil- 
 liam, Betty, Ann, Hannah, Mary, Sarah, Elisha, the latter 
 being the father of Dr. Obed Baily, now of West Chester. 
 
 Thomas and Sarah (Bentley) Baily had eight children, — 
 Isaac, Mary (m. Caleb Hayes), John (m. Hannah Psn- 
 nock), Thomas, Jemima, Ann, Hannah, and Sarali. 
 
 John Baily and Hannah Pennock were married 5, 8, 
 1766, and had eleven children, — Alice, Sarah, Joseph, 
 Moses, Jacob, Thomas, Israel, John, Mary, Hannah, and 
 Ann. Moses, b. 5, 19, 1773 ; d. 8, 16, 1858 ; m. 10, 21, 
 1807, Judith Barnard, and left one son, Richard B. Baily, 
 naw of West Bradford. Jacob Baily, b. 7, 29, 1775 ; d. 
 4, 26, 1854 ; m. Elizabeth, daughter of John Parker, of 
 Parkerville, and settled in that vicinity. Their children 
 were Abraham, Ephraim, John P., Mary W., Hannah, 
 Joseph, Susanna, Sarah, Ann, Elizabeth, Jacob, and 
 Eleanor. 
 
468 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Abraham Bailt, the oldest child of Jacob and Eliza- 
 beth Baily, was born at Paikerville, Chester Co., Pa., 9, 
 12, 1801. During his minority he was apprenticed to his 
 uncle, John Parker, of the same place, as a stone-mason. 
 He continued to work at his trade for several years, and in 
 1833-34 was employed by the Reading Railroad Company 
 in the building of its bridges and culverts, when, that road 
 was first laid out. In connection with Chalkley Jefferis 
 and Mr. Ingram, of West Chester, he constructed the 
 U. S. Naval Asylum at Norfolk, Va., and was one of the 
 superintendents of the foundation-work of Girard College. 
 By hard toil and business perseverance he acquired a com- 
 petency, and settled down in the meridian of his days upon 
 the old homestead farm, where he died (unmarried) 7, 5, 
 1873. 
 
 Ephraiji Bailt, second child of Jacob and Elizabeth, 
 was born 5, 4, 1803. He was engaged in stove-manufac- 
 turing and the tinsmith business, and had extensive shops 
 at Parkerville during the latter years of his life. He mar- 
 ried Sibilla Way, and resided in the stone house now or 
 lately occupied by Bernard Hawley, at Parkerville. He 
 died 6, 21, 1837. 
 
 Hon. John P. Bailt, son of Jacob and Elizabeth, 
 was born 1, 17, 1805. He attended the common pay- 
 school of his neighborhood and assisted on his father's 
 farm until he was sixteen years of age, when he was ap- 
 prenticed to the saddler's trade. This did not suit his taste, 
 and at the end of a year he gave it up. He again resumed 
 his studies, teaching school at intervals, and ending his 
 academic education with Samuel Gummere, at Burlington, 
 N. J. His taste was mathematical. While engaged in 
 teaching a select school in West Philadelphia in 1826, he 
 was selected, with John Edgar Thomson and other young 
 men, to assist Maj. John Wilson, of the United States 
 Topographical Corps, to locate and construct a railroad 
 from Philadelphia to Columbia, but before it was completed 
 he was appointed by the Mine Hill and Schuylkill Haven 
 Railroad Company to locate and construct their coal road 
 in Schuylkill County, remaining in their service until it was 
 completed. He was then appointed to locate and construct 
 a railroad from West Chester to intersect the Columbia 
 Railroad at a point near Paoli, which he did satisfactorily. 
 He was then appointed as a civil engineer in the United 
 States Topographical Corps, and performed important ser- 
 vice in the Western country in the location of a national 
 road from Toledo (Ohio) to the Mississippi River, and the 
 survey of the Cumberland River in Kentucky and Tennes- 
 see. In 1836 he was appointed by the Pennsylvania State 
 Legislature as chief engineer of the public works, which he 
 held until the law creating the office was repealed. He was 
 subsequently appointed, and for a year or so served as chief 
 engineer to the Fredericksburg and Richmond Railroad, in 
 Virginia. 
 
 In the winter of 1840 he commenced to read law with 
 Henry S. Van Amringe, of Pittsburgh, formerly of the \^st 
 Chester bar. After his admission to the bar Mr. Baily 
 removed to West Chester, where he opened a law-office in 
 1843. In the winter of 1858 he was appointed by Gover- 
 nor Packer as associate judge of Chester County, vice Judge 
 Strickland, resigned. When the Rebellion broke out he, 
 
 with many other Democrats, became a supporter of the 
 Administration in the prosecution of the war. At the next 
 vacancy of associate judge he was nominated and elected by 
 the Republican party to that position, and was re-elected 
 the following term, — ten successive years of incumbency. 
 He subsequently visited Europe, and made a trip across the 
 continent by the Pacific Railroad. Soon after he took up 
 his residence at his native place, Parkerville, with his 
 brother Abram. He died at the residence of Isaac B. 
 Webb, in Pennsbury, on 12, 13, 1874, in the seventieth 
 .year of his age. 
 
 Joseph Bailt, son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Parker) 
 Baily, and a descendant of Joel Baily, was born in Penns- 
 bury township, near the Brandywine battle-ground, March 
 18, 1810. He worked on his father's farm until he was 
 sixteen years of age, when he was bound apprentice to the 
 hatting business. At the expiration of his term of service 
 he spent a year at the boarding-school of John Gummere, 
 in Burlington, N. J., paying for his own schooling. His 
 funds being then exhausted, in the spring of 1832, instead 
 of going home to live on the bounty of others, he packed 
 up a small bundle of clothing and started out to seek his 
 fortune among strangers. He soon obtained work at his 
 trade near Plainfield, N. J., and there earned the first 
 money he could lawfully call his own. After traveling 
 over the country and working at many places, he finally 
 started a shop of his own in his native village of Parker- 
 ville. Urged on by the force of an indomitable will, he 
 pursued his business successfully for a number of years, 
 when, in the fall of 1839, he was elected a member of the 
 House of Representatives of Pennsylvania from Chester 
 County, and in 1842 was elected to the Senate from the 
 district embracing Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery 
 Counties. His colleagues from the district were Dr. Hud- 
 dleson, of Delaware, and Abraham Brower, of Montgomery. 
 At the expiration of his senatorial term, in the spring of 
 1845, he purchased a blast-furnace, with a large tract of 
 land attached, on the Juniata, in Perry County. He moved 
 thither, and was soon engaged in the manufacture of iron. 
 He pursued this business with great diligence and success for 
 a number of years, when, in 1850, he was again elected to 
 the Senate from Perry and Cumberland Counties. After the 
 expiration of his second term in the Senate -he was elected 
 State treasurer by the Legislature, and in 1860 was chosen 
 to represent the Fifteenth District, composed of the counties 
 of Perry, Cumberland, and York, in the United States Con- 
 gress, to which he was re-elected in 1862. 
 
 Up to this lime Mr. Baily had acted with the Democratic 
 party, and as soon as Congress assembled in 1861 he urged 
 his Democratic colleagues, who had been left in a hopeless 
 minority after the Southern members had treacherously 
 abandoned their posts, to take a determined and bold stand 
 in enacting prompt measures to crush out the Rebellion. 
 
 Guided by his own better judgment, he cordially joined 
 the noble band of patriots who rose up in defense of the 
 country, and that most important act of Congress, the 
 adoption of the thirteenth amendment to the Constitution, 
 declaring slavery to bo forever abolished and releasing more 
 than four millions of people from bondage, received his 
 active and cordial support. At the expiration of his sec- 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 469 
 
 ond term in Congress, on the 4th of March, 1865, he again 
 retired to private life, hut in 1872 he was elected one of 
 the delegates to represent the counties of Perry, Snyder, 
 Northumberland, and Union in a convention to amend the 
 State constitution. 
 
 Mr. Baily has now passed the term of threescore and 
 ten years, yet he still takes a lively interest in everything 
 calculated to promote the welfare and happiness of his fel- 
 low-men. 
 
 Sarah Baily, eighth child of Jacob and Elizabeth, 
 was born 2, 22, 1 814. Entered Westtown Boarding-School ■ 
 9th mo., 1832, and on 12, 15, 1834, became a teacher in 
 the primary department of that institution. Her natural 
 ability and scholarly accomplishments were such that she 
 soon became the principal mathematical teacher of its fe- 
 male department, and " Teacher Sarah," as she was famil- 
 . iarly called, will be remembered by many. She labored in 
 that seminary for a period of thirty-five years, retiring lO, 
 1, 1869. 
 
 Jacob Bailt, eleventh child of Jacob and Elizabeth, 
 was born 3, 12, 1819. In early life he was apprenticed to 
 Isaac Morris, of Philadelphia, to learn the foundry and 
 machine business. He subsequently established for him- 
 self a large foundry near Broad and Callowhill Streets, in 
 that city. He had extensive contracts for iron fronts, and 
 at one time did much work for Baldwin & Co., locomotive- 
 builders. The cast-iron fronts in the Everhart stores, bor- 
 ough of West Chester, were made at his foundry in Phila- 
 . delphia. By dint of business energy and correct habits he 
 accumulated quite an estate. He died, unmarried, 1, 10, 
 1871. 
 
 Dr. Abraham Baily, son of Joel and Elizabeth 
 (Marshall) Baily, was born in West Bradford township, 
 . Chester Co., about one and a half miles south of Mar- 
 shallton, Sept. 5, 1760. He received an English and 
 . classical education from teachers employed in the family. 
 He studied medicine under Dr. Nicholas Way, of Wil- 
 mington, Del., and was a fellow-student with his cousin, 
 -Dr. Moses Marshall. While a student he had an oppor- 
 tunity of becoming practically familiar with surgery imme- 
 diately after the disastrous battle of Brandywine, in 1777. 
 He attended lectures at the medical school of Philadel- 
 phia, but took no degree. Shortly after leaving lectures 
 Dr. Baily went as surgeon in a privateer vessel-of-war, and 
 during the cruise visited France. On his return he en- 
 gaged in the practice of medicine at his native place, until 
 about the year 1789, when, in company with Humphrey 
 -Hill and Cadwallader Evans (under the firm-name of Baily, 
 -Hill & Evans), he engaged in the iron business. They 
 rented the Andover Works, in Sussex County, N. J., 
 where they continued five or six years, but the enterprise 
 resulted unfortunately. While in Jersey he was chosen 
 captain of a troop of horse, and in 1794 marched with his 
 -troop over the Alleghany Mountains in the expedition to 
 quell the so-called Whisky Rebellion. Soon after this he 
 returned to Chester County and resumed the practice of 
 medicine, until the year 1800, when he opened a store in 
 Marshallton and continued a limited medical practice for a 
 number of years. While the seat of government was at 
 Lancaster he was elected ^ member of the House of Rep- 
 
 resentatives, and after its removal to Harrisburg he was 
 elected to the Senate. Some time after his term in the 
 Senate he was appointed a justice of the peace, which ap- 
 pointment he held until his death. Dr. Baily was twice 
 married. His first wife was Phebe Carpenter, and his 
 second marriage, Oct. 22, 1 802, to Rachel Carpenter, both 
 daughters of John and Hannah Carpenter, of West Brad- 
 - ford. By his first wife he had six children, and four by his 
 second. Eliza A. Baily, the eldest child by his second wife, 
 married Jonathan Gaase ; Margaretta (now Harlan), the 
 second daughter by the second wife, married Joel Harlan, 
 of Newlin township. 
 
 When Gen. Lafayette visited the Brandywine battle- 
 ground and West Chester, July 26, 1825, Dr. Baily was 
 one of the committee appointed to escort him, and being on 
 horseback nearly all day, occasioned an irritation of the 
 neck of the bladder, which produced a painful and obsti- 
 nate retention of urine and inflammation of the parts, that 
 resulted in his death, Aug. 13, 1825, at the age of nearly 
 sixty-five years. Dr. Baily was a respectable physician, an 
 upright magistrate, an enlightened public-spirited citizen, 
 and an honest man. 
 
 BAIRD, Dr. Absalom, is said to have been the son of 
 John Baird, an English ofiicer in Braddock's army, who 
 married, in Philadelphia, Catharine McLean (or McClean), 
 and lost his life at Grant's Fort, near Pittsburgh, after 
 Braddock's defeat. His widow, who is supposed to have 
 had relatives in that neighborhood, made her home near 
 Kennet Square, and (it is believed) supported herself by 
 teaching school while her son grew up and studied medi- 
 cine. Absalom married Susan, daughter of George Brown, 
 of Kennet, and several children were born to them at that 
 place. After the Revolution, during which he served as a 
 physician, he removed to and settled in Washington, Pa., 
 where he died. On one occasion Dr. Baird fell into the 
 hands of Indians, who were about to take his life, but he, 
 suspecting that one of them was a white man in disguise, 
 made the Masonic sign, which was recognized, and he was 
 spared. 
 
 Among the descendants of Dr. Baird were Rev. Alex. 
 Reed, of Parkesburg, and Dr. Thomas B. Reed, of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 BAKER, John, of Edgmond, in Shropshire, England, 
 came to Philadelphia and died soon after, in the year 1685, 
 leaving four daughters, — Rebecca, Mary, Dorothy, and Sarah. 
 The records of Chester Monthly Meeting show that a Mary 
 Baker married William Coebourne in 1686; a Dorothy 
 Baker married Philip Yarnall in 1694; and a Sarah Baker 
 married Charles Whitacre in 1687. 
 
 Joseph Baker, a brother of John, settled in Edgmont 
 township, and probably gave it the name in memory of his 
 former home. He was an influential citizen and member 
 of Assembly ; died 1716. The name of his wife was Mary, 
 and his children were Joseph, m. Mary Worrilow, 3, 18, 
 1709; Robert, m. Susanna Packer; John, b. 1686, who 
 inherited his father's lands in Edgmont; Sarah, m. Thomas 
 Smedley, 1710. 
 
 Joseph Baker, Jr., settled in Thornbury, at the present 
 site of Glen Mills Station, where he died early in 1717, 
 leaving two daughters, and a son, Joseph, was born after his 
 
470 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 death. The widow married Dr. John Taylor, who became 
 the owner of the Baker farm. Of the daughters, Sarah 
 married Isaac Strode, and Hannah married Joseph Talbot. 
 
 Joseph Baker (3d) married, 2, 30, 1740, at Concord 
 Meeting, Mary Chamberlin, daughter of John and Lettice, 
 of Aston, and settled in Goshen, where he died a few years 
 later. His children were John, who went to Prince Ed- 
 ward Island ; Lettice, m. Richard Barnard ; Mary, unmar- 
 ried ; and Elizabeth, m. Thomas Brown. The widow mar- 
 ried Andrew McCoy. 
 
 Joseph Baker, of Edgmont, perhaps a nephew of the 
 first-mentioned Joseph, married Martha Woodward, daughter 
 of Richard and Jane Woodward, of Middletown. He died 
 about 1735. His children were, — 1. Mary, b. Jan. 26, 1699 ; 
 m. Francis Yarnall. 2. Richard, b. April 21, 1700. 3. 
 Aaron, b. Dec. 2, 1701 ; m. Mary Edwards. 4. Anne, b. 
 Aug. 18, 1703 ; m. James Sill. 5. Susanna, b. Feb. 18, 
 1705. 6. Jane, b. Dec. 7, 1706 ; m. Thomas Thomas. 7. 
 Jesse, b. March 19, 1709 ; m. Ann Regester. 8. Sarah, b. 
 'March 18, 1711. 9. Joseph, b. Feb. 5, 1713 ; d. 1736, un- 
 married. 10. Rachel, b. Feb. 5, 1715. 11. Nehemiah, b. 
 Nov. 19, 1716 ; m. Lydia Regester. 12. John, b. Jan. 26, 
 1719. 
 
 Aaron and Mary Baker settled in West Marlborough 
 soon after their marriage, which took place 9, 23, 1727, but 
 towards the close of life removed to Londongrove township, 
 where he died about 1783. They had seven children, — 1. 
 Mary, m. Thomas Carrington ; 2. Martha, m. Joshua Clay- 
 ton ; 3. Esther, m. William Chalfant ; 4. Aaron, m. 5, 30, 
 1759, Sarah Hayes, daughter of James and Mary, of East 
 Fallowfield ; 5. Samuel, who married and lived in West 
 Marlborough ; 6. John, m. 6, 24, 1767, Hannah Pennock ; 
 7. Joshua, died single. 
 
 The children of Aaron and Sarah (Hayes) Baker were 
 Hannah, who married Philip Ottey and William Brogan, 
 and had fourteen children ; James, b. 1, 13, 1762, m. Sarah 
 Pennock; Elisha, m. Ruth Pyle; Nathan, m. Rachel Chal- 
 fant; Aaron, m. Hannah Harlan; Levi, m. Ann Pyle and 
 Ann McNeil ; Joshua, m. Nellie Curry ; John, m. Mary 
 McNeil, died 1812, leaving three children, of whom Aaron 
 is living in West Marlborough, on land purchased by his 
 grandfather in 1770 ; Rachel, m. Jeffrey Bentley ; Mary, 
 m. Jesse Miller; Sarah, m. Thomas Wiley. 
 
 Samuel Baker, son of Aaron, Sr., had seven children, — 
 Joseph, Joshua, Ruth, Mary, Hannah, Martha, and Esther. 
 Joseph had sons, — Richard, Samuel, and Elijah. The widow 
 of Richard owns and occupies the residence of his grand- 
 father. 
 
 Aaron Baker, b. 8, 14, 1767, d. 8th month, 1853 ; m. 2, 10, 
 1790, Hannah Harlan, daughter of Michael and Susanna, 
 and had ten children, viz. : Lewis, b. 11, 26, 1790 ; Reuben, 
 b. 7, 11, 1792; Susanna, b. 12, 20, 1794; George, b. 11, 
 19, 1796 ; Jacob, b. 1, 13, 1799 ; Thomas, b. 4, 12, 1801 ; 
 Samuel, b. 4, 20, 1803 ; Aaron, b. 10, 10, 1805 ; Hannah, 
 b. 2, 10, 1808; Harlan, b. 4, 11, 1810. Of these only 
 Thomas, Aaron, and Harlan are living. 
 
 William Baker, at one time register of wills of this county, 
 was the son of Levi, and grandson of Aaron and Sarah 
 Baker. His son William is now deputy sheriff. 
 
 James and Sarah (Pennock) Baker had children, — Han- 
 
 nah, Susanna, Lydia, Levi, Phebe, Nathaniel, Eliza, Aaron, 
 Mary, James, Sarah Ann, and Mary Ann. 
 
 BAKER, Joshua, was bom Feb. 16, 1678, and mar- 
 ried Margery Knight, of Bandon Bridge, in Ireland ; she 
 was born July 15, 1690. They brought a certificate of 
 membership from Friends of Waterford, Ireland, dated 2, 
 13, 1712, and probably lived a few years in Philadelphia. 
 Some time prior to 1728 they settled iu Christiana Han- 
 dred. New Castle County. 
 
 Their children were,— 1. Thomas, b. Oct. 18, 1708, fol- 
 lowed a sea-faring life. 2. George, b. Jan. 3, 1709-10. 
 3. Joshua, b. July 18, 1711, m. 9, 5, 1740, Mary Hill, of 
 Marlborough, and 3,, 30, 1768, Alice Pennock, widow of 
 William. 4. Susanna, b. Jan. 20, 1713; m. William Me- 
 Cool in 1737. 5. John, b. Jane 1, 1714. 6. Peter, b. 
 
 March 17, 1716. 7. Mary, b. Jan. 12, 1717; m. 
 
 Dickey. 8. Sarah, b. Feb. 11, 1719; m. Benjamin Rey- 
 nolds. 9. Richard, b. 3, 17, 1721 ; d. 11, 18, 1803. 10. 
 Hannah, died young. 11. Robert, b. March 8, 1726-27; 
 became a ship-builder in New York. 12. William, b. 6, 
 8, 1729. 13. Lydia, b. 6, 12, 1732 ; m. Samuel Grubb. 
 
 Richard Baker married, 11, 7, 1754, Rachel Marshall, 
 widow of Abraham, Jr., of West Bradford, daughter of 
 George and Elizabeth Carter, and settled in West Bradford 
 (now Pocopson) township. She was born in 1719, and 
 died 9, 29, 1799. Richard was an active citizen, and for 
 several years a magistrate. His children were, — 1. George, 
 b. 7, 24, 1755 ; d. 10, 6, 1793 ; m. Hannah Harris in Ire- 
 land. 2. Rachel, b. 7, 16, 1757 ; d. 5, 17, 1759. 3. Ra- 
 chel, b. 11, 23, 1759; d. 3, 24, 1843; m. Richard Buf- 
 fington. 4. Thomas, b. 12, 18, 1762; m. 4, 7, 1785, 
 Sarah Woodward. 5. Richard, b. 8, 21, 1765 ; d. 4, 14, 
 1814 ; m. 6, 19, 1794, Rebecca Webb, daughter of Stephen 
 and Hannah, of Pennsbury, b. 9, 14, 1772, d. 4, 16, 1859. 
 
 The children of Richard and Rebecca were, — 1. William 
 W., a physician, b. 6, 7, 1795 ; d. 7, 31, 1838. 2. Han^ 
 nah, b. 3, 1, 1797; m. James J. Brindley. 3. Rachel, b. 
 6, 26, 1799 ; m. Lownes Taylor, of West Goshen, and is 
 yet living. 4. Ann, b. 10, 26, 1801, living and unmar- 
 ried. 5. Elizabeth, b. 3, 5, 1804; d. 11, 6, 1804. 6. 
 Richard, b. 9, 7, 1805; d. 1824. 7. Rebecca, b. 12, 27, 
 1807; m. John S. Caldwell. 8. Elizabeth, b. 11, 18, 
 1810; m. Gen. Josiah Harlan; d. 4, 17, 1874. 9. Ste- 
 phen, b. 11, 18, 1810 ; m. Louisa Sharp, and lives on the 
 homestead in Pocopson. 10. George R., b. 3, 31, 1813; 
 m. Elizabeth Gordon, of Wilmington ; d. 1862. 
 
 BEATON, Daniel, and Mary GriflBth were married 
 April 6, 1744, at the First Presbyterian Church, Philadel- 
 phia. He resided in Charlestown township, and was per- 
 haps the father of John Beaton, one of the active Whigs 
 of Revolutionary days. John Avas one of those who learned 
 the art of making saltpetre, and gave instruction to others 
 in order that a suflSciency might be obtained for making 
 gunpowder. In April, 1780, he was appointed commis- 
 sioner of purchases of clothing for the county pf Chester, 
 in place of Persifor Frazer, declined. In August of the 
 same year he was appointed paymaster of the militia of 
 Chester County, and in June, 1785, was appointed a jus- 
 tice of the Court of Common Pleas, and of the Orphans' 
 Court of the county of Chester. : : 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 471 
 
 BALDWIN, John, was an early settler in Aston town- 
 ship,- and by trade a carpenter. Afterwards he became a 
 merchant in Chester, and acquired a considerable estate. 
 He married, 4, 4, 1689, Catharine Turner, a widow, by 
 whom he had children, — Ruth, b. 2, 6, 1694, and tIohn,b. 
 4, 10, 1697. The latter was a saddler, and resided in Mid- 
 dletown for a time, but mostly at Chester. He married, 4, 
 11, 1719, Hannah Johnson, daughter of Joshua, and died 
 in 1728, leaving two sons. His father died in 1731. 
 
 John Baldwin, son of John and Hannah, was born at 
 Chester, 12, 22, 1719 ; died in East Cain, 1787 ; married, 
 9, 9, 1743, Ann Peirce, daughter of Caleb and Ann, of 
 Thornbury, who was born 11, 11, 1724, and died in 1788. 
 John was a tin-plate worker, and about 1751 settled in East 
 Cain, on land purchased by his grandfather in 1702. 
 
 Joshua Baldwin, his brother, was born at Chester, 11, 
 13, 1721-2, and died in East Cain, 5, 13, 1800. He 
 married, 4, 7, 1744, Sarah Downing, daughter of Thomas 
 and Thomazine, of East Cain, who was born 8, 14, 1725, and* 
 died 7, 16, 1745; married (second), 9, 17, 1747, Mercy 
 Brown, daughter of Samuel and Mercy, of Falls, Bucks 
 Co., who was born 1, 12, 1722, and died 1, 22, 1784 ; mar- 
 ried (third), 9, 14, 1785, at Nantmeal Meeting, Ann Mil- 
 hous, widow of Robert, and daughter of John and Grace 
 Meredith. Joshua settled on the western part of his grand- 
 father's purchase in East Cain. 
 
 John and Ann Baldwin's children were, — 1. Mary, b. 6, 
 17, 1744 ; m. Jonathan Vernon. 2. John, b. 6, 2, 1748 ; 
 d. 9, 9, 1748. 3. Caleb, b. 6, 31, 1749 ; d. 2, 11, 1826 ; 
 m. 11, 24, 1774, to Charity Cope, daughter of Samuel and 
 Deborah Cope, of East Bradford, b. 4, 8, 1754; d. 8, 29, 
 1840. 4. Ann, b. 6, 20, 1752 ; d. 4, 11, 1808 ; m. Aaron 
 Martin. 
 
 Joshua Baldwin's children were, — 1. Sarah, b. 7, 16, 
 1745 ; m. Thomas Meteer. 2. Hannah, b. 11, 4, 1748 ; m. 
 William Milhous. 3. John, b. 10, 11, 1751 ; d. 12, 26, 
 1758. 4. Samuel, b. 2, 13, 1754 ; d. 7, 14, 1837 ; m. 4, 28, 
 1779, to Mary Buchanan, widow of George, and daughter 
 of Hugh and Ann Hilles. 5. Rachel, b. 7, 13, 1756 ; m. 
 Nathan Sharpless. 6. Ann, b. 12, 13, 1758 ; m. Benja- 
 min Maule. 7. Mercy, b. 1, 15, 1761 ; m. John Lloyd. 
 8. Jane, b. 3, 22, 1763 ; m. Jacob Maule. 
 
 Caleb and Charity Baldwin had four children, — 1. Deb- 
 orah, b. 11, 1, 1775; m. Samuel Jones. 2. John, b. 7, 13, 
 1778 ; d. 1867, unmarried. 3. Samuel, b. 6, 30, 1782 ; d. 
 12,17, 1841, unmarried. 4. Jonathan C, b. 1, 30, 1792 ; 
 d. 10, 20, 1874; m. 1822, Mary Ann Jacobs, daughter of 
 Richard and Lydia (Gibbons) Jacobs, of East Bradford, b. 
 1.1, 17, 1803, and still living at the homestead in East Cain. 
 Jonathan C. Baldwin inherited half of his father's lands, to 
 which he made additions by purchase. He was much in- 
 terested in horticulture, and for some time president of the 
 Chester County. Horticultural Society. His children were 
 John Erskine, Hannah (dec'd), Caleb (owns the original 
 homestead in Cain), Deborah, Caroline (m. John Cope), 
 Lydia J. (dec'd), Richard A. (dec'd), James Hanover 
 (died near Vicksburg, Miss., from gunshot-wounds, 1863), 
 Charity, Susan P. (dec'd), Jonathan C, Rebecca S. (m. T. 
 P. Conard), Henry C. (dec'd), Mary Ann. 
 
 Samuel and Mary Baldwin had several children, of 
 
 whom a daughter, Mercy, married Zebulon Thomas, of East 
 Cain, and was the mother of Samuel B. Thomas, Esq., of 
 the Chester County bar ; also of Mary B. Thomas and sis- 
 ters, who conducted their well-known seminary at Down- 
 ingtown. 
 
 Thomas Baldwin, blacksmith, a brother of John, of 
 Chester, was married in 1684 to Mary, widow of Richard 
 Linvill, of the county of Sussex, England. He died in 
 Chester in 1731. His children, so far as known, were, — 
 
 1. Joseph, m. in St. Paul's church, Feb. 6, 1712-3, to 
 Elizabeth Mealis, and dying 1715, left one son, John. His 
 widow m. Joseph Bond, and afterwards a Cranston. 
 
 2. Thomas. 3. William. 4. Anthony, m. first to Hannah 
 Coebourne, and second to Margery Hannum, daughter of 
 John and Mai^ery, of Concord. 5. Mary. 6. Martha, 
 m. to John Griest. 7. Elizabeth, m. to Richard Weaver. 
 
 Anthony Baldwin settled in Newlin township, where he 
 died about 1760, leaving a large family. His son, Thomas, 
 married Lydia Johnson, b. 5, 4, 1742, daughter of Robert- 
 and Catharine (Hadley) Johnson, and had children, — Had- 
 ley, Thomas, Johnson, Caleb, Robert, Levi, Phebe, Cath- 
 arine, Anne, and Lydia. 
 
 Hadley Baldwin married, May 21, 1785, Abigail Cloud, 
 daughter of Abner and Amy, and had fifteen children, 
 nearly all now deceased. Thomas married Jane Clark, and 
 had twelve children. Johnson had eight, Caleb three, 
 Robert two, and Levi seven children. The descendants are 
 too numerous toj)articularize. 
 
 Francis Baldwin, a brother of John and Thomas, 
 was also settled in the neighborhood of Chester as early as 
 1686. His wife was a daughter of Thomas Coebourne. 
 His descendants are probably in the South and West. 
 
 BALDWIN, William, a minister among Friends, was 
 born at Gisbourn, in Yorkshire, England, and came to this 
 country from Lancashire, first on a visit, in 1709, and again 
 for settlement, in 1713. He died at Bristol, Bucks Co., 
 Pa., 6, 29, 1720, and in 1724 his widow, Mary Baldwin, 
 became the wife of Ellis Lewis, of Kennet, Chester Co. 
 With her came her son, John Baldwin, who married, 9, 13, 
 1734, Elizabeth Pusey, born 11, 14, 1716, daughter of 
 William and Elizabeth Pusey, of Londongrove. He was 
 born 1712, and died 10, 1, 1,746, near Hockessin Meeting. 
 
 His children were,~l. Mary, b. 6, 17, 1735 ; m. Thomas 
 Harlan. 2. Lydia, b. 11, 30, 1736; m. Jonathan Valen- 
 tine. 3. William, b. 9, 5, 1739; m. 10, 18, 1764, Mary 
 Edge, and settled at Downingtown. 4. Samuel, b. 8, 1, 
 1741; d. 7, 6, 1745. 5. Thomas, b. 7, 27, 1743; m. 
 5, 13, 1771, Elizabeth Garretson, daughter of Eliakim 
 Garretson, of New Castle County, and settled in Newlin 
 township. 6. Hannah, b. 8, 6, 1745 ; died unmarried. 
 
 John Baldwin, son of William and Mary, born 7, 5, 
 1765, died 6, 21, 1816, married 9, 19, 1793, Lydia Trimble, 
 daughter of William and Grace, of Whiteland. They had 
 several children, among whom was Thomas Baldwin, who, 
 with his relative, Joseph Thomas, M.D., has edited a geo- 
 graphical dictionary, a pronouncing gazetteer, etc. 
 
 Thomas and Elizabeth Baldwin, of Newlin, had children, 
 —John, b. 11, 27, 1772 ; d. 2, 22, 1809, a minister. Lydia, 
 b. 11, 15, 1774. William, b. 3, 29, 1778. Hannah, b 1, 
 9, 1781. Joseph, b. 10, 9, 1783. Sarah, b. 11, 13, 1787. 
 
472 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 - The following sketch of one of these children of Thomas ■ 
 and. Elizabeth Baldwin is principally taken from " Reli- 
 quae Baldwinianse," or selections from the correspondence 
 of William Baldwin, M.D., edited by William Darlington, 
 M.D.: 
 
 and opened the way for an instructive and delightful cor- 
 respondence with that eminent botanist. 
 
 Dr. Baldwin's health was always frail. A predisposition 
 to pulmonary consumption pervaded all his father's family^ 
 and finally swept away every member of it. In the autumn 
 
 DR. WILLIAM BALDWIN. 
 
 Dr. William Baldwin, son of Thomas Baldwin, a 
 respectable member of the Society of- Friends, and an ap- 
 proved minister in that society, was born in Newlin town- 
 ship, this county, March 29, 1778. He received no other 
 thiin the common English education afibrded by the country 
 schools of that day, but he evinced at an early age an 
 eager desire for knowledge, and as one of the readiest 
 modes of gratifying that desire became a teacher of a 
 country school in the vicinity of his birthplace. After 
 some time spent in that arduous vocation he turned his 
 attention to the profession of medicine. He accordingly 
 became the pupil of Dr. William A. Todd, then a popular 
 practitioner of medicine in Downingtown, Pa. While a 
 resident there he became acquainted with Dr. Moses Mar- 
 shall,-^who was a scholar and botani.st, and had materially 
 assisted his uncle, Humphry Marshall, both in the estab- 
 lishment of his botanical garden at Marshallton and in 
 the preparation of his work on American forest-trees and ■ 
 shrubs, — which first awakened in young Baldwin a taste for 
 the study of plants,- and led him to become a sagacious and 
 enthusiastic botanist. While waiting for the means to ob- 
 tain a diploma he made a voyage to China as surgeon of 
 a merchant-ship, and on his return received the degree of 
 Doctor of Medicine. 
 
 Being thus inaugurated in the profession, he soon after 
 married and took up his residence in Wilmington, Del, 
 where his researches in the vegetable kingdom attracted 
 the notice of the Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg, of Lancaster, Pa., 
 
 of 1811 the doctor was induced to seek a refuge from our 
 Northern winters in the State of Georgia. During the war 
 of 1812-15 he was appointed a surgeon in the United 
 States navy, and was stationed chiefly at the seaports of 
 Savannah and St. Mary's. All his leisure time was de- 
 voted to the exploration of the botany of that region and 
 in contributing to the valuable " Southern Flora'" of the 
 accomplished Stephen Elliott. A genus of plants belong-- 
 ing to the Southern Compositse. was named Baldwinia by 
 Mr. Nuttall, — "as a just tribute of respect for the talents 
 and industry of William Baldwin, M.D., a gentleman 
 whose botanical zeal and knowledge have rarely been ex- 
 celled in America." His researches were industriously- 
 pushed in the wilderness among the Southern Indians, and 
 extended into East Florida as far as St. Augustine. 
 
 Dr. Baldwin's reputation as a botanist induced the gov- 
 ernment, in 1817, to appoint him to accompany the com- 
 missioners to Buenos Ayres and other South -American 
 ports, to ascertain the condition and prospects of the Span-' 
 ish colonists. He went as surgeon of the ship "-Congress,'" 
 and the prominent incidental object of his appointment was 
 to investigate the vegetable productions of the places which 
 might be visited. In the performance of this collateral 
 duty, notwithstanding the feeble state of his health, he 
 was most assiduous and eminently successful. 
 
 On his return from South America he was selected to 
 accompany, as surgeon and botanist, Maj. Long's expedi- 
 tion up the Missouri .River. His unflagging zeal impelled 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 473 
 
 him to the enterprise, but his strength was utterly inade- 
 quate to the task. He died at Franklin, on the banks of 
 the Missouri, far away from the bosom of his family, 
 Sept. 1, 1819. Dr. F. Boott, the distinguished botanist of 
 London, was so much interested in the fate of Dr. Baldwin 
 that he kindly oflFored a liberal contribution towards causing 
 an appropriate memorial to be placed at his grave. But, 
 sad to relate, when inquiry was made, it was found that the 
 Missouri River, with one of its wild floods, had torn up 
 and washed away the entire burial-ground on its banks 
 where the remains had been interred. If not swept into 
 the Gulf of Mexico, the bed of the Missouri or a delta of 
 the Mississippi may have become the depository of the 
 bones of the lamented Chester County botanist. 
 
 BANE, Alexander, of Merion, purchased 200 acres 
 in Goshen in 1711 and settled thereon. In 1713 he 
 married Jane Moore, by whom he had children, — Jane, 
 Mary, William, Catharine, Alexander, and Daniel. 
 
 William married Margaret, daughter of Thomas Evans, 
 about 1746, and had children, — Alexander, Thomas, Eliza- 
 beth (married Jonathan Hoopes), William, Jesse, Nathan, 
 Abner, Jane, and James. 
 
 MoRDECAi Bane, probably a brother of Alexander, 
 purchased, in 1716, 200 acres of land in Goshen, where he 
 died about 1747, leaving a second wife, Mary,* and several 
 children, viz. : Mordecai, Nathan, James, Joseph, Mary, 
 Samuel, Isaac, Sarah, Hannah, Rachel, Barbara, and Jane. 
 
 Nathan Bane, son of Mordecai, married, Dec. 27, 1735, 
 Mary Cock, daughter of Henry and Mary Cock, of Long 
 Island, born 8, 8, 1711. He died in Goshen, 1748, leav- 
 ing eight children. Of these, Amy married Nathan Cope, 
 12, 7, 1758; Sarah married Thomas Hoopes, 4, 28, 1763; 
 James married Ruth Wain, 4, 25, 1765 ; Elizabeth mar- 
 ried Daniel Hoopes, 11, 11, 1762; and Deborah married 
 Samuel Rca, 4, 14, 1774. 
 
 BARNARD, or BERNARD.— This is one of the most 
 ancient of surnames, being first taken from Roche-Bernard, 
 an ancient fortified manor-house of Normandy ; it had been 
 in use, however, as a baptismal name since the eighth cen- 
 tury, and originally derived from northern mythology, sig- 
 nifying boldness; literally, bear's heart, from Bern, the bear, 
 and the courage it implies. The French pronounce it 
 Ba^r-war, and the English broadly on the first syllable, as 
 Bar n'*, just as they call Derby Darby, and Bertram Bart 
 rm. 
 
 The ancestor of the Chester and Delaware County family 
 of this name was Richard Barnard (1), who served as a 
 grand juror at Chester, A.D. 1686, and died previous to 
 May 5, 1698. He owned land near Chester as early aa 
 1683. Letters of administration on his estate were, on 
 May 11, 1698, granted by William Markham in Philadel- 
 phia to the widow, Frances Barnard. There is a tradition 
 among the descendants of this man that he came from 
 ShefiSeld, Yorkshire, England, when a young man, and 
 that he accompanied William Penn, but this is, as yet, un- 
 supported by evidence. There is an English tradition that 
 
 * Mordecai Bane and Naomi Medley were married at St. Paul's 
 church, Chester, Dec. 20, 1706, and Mordecai Bane and Mary Teague 
 at Christ church, Philadelphia, June 8, 1731. Perhaps these are the 
 two marriages of the head of this family. 
 
 60 
 
 he left England about 1642. Attempts have been made 
 to harmonize these traditions, and letters, now in the pos- 
 session of a member of the family, from a gentleman of the 
 same name in the Parliament of England who is a grand- 
 son of Sir Francis Bernard, colonial Governor of New 
 Jersey and Massachusetts, declare that " Governor Penn 
 was well known to our family. I have great reason to think 
 that you may claim descent from Richard of Astwood, who 
 in the troubled reign of Charles I. is supposed to have emi- 
 grated The family were well acquainted with Admiral 
 Sir William Penn, the father of the celebrated Mr. Penn, 
 the founder of the State of Pennsylvania, and if Richard 
 had already emigrated he might easily have been attracted 
 to the new settlement where a family friend presided. I 
 am fully aware that some of our family settled in America, 
 which might probably have induced my grandfather to seek 
 that appointment." These letters were followed by a pedi- 
 gree, commencing with Grodfrey Bernard, A.D. 1240, and a 
 photograph of the correspondent, which bears a resemblance 
 to Simon Barnard, of Philadelphia, James Barnard, of 
 West Marlborough, and some of the Barnards of an older 
 generation. 
 
 The late compilation of John Camden Hotten, entitled 
 " Original Lists of Persons of Quality, Emigrants, Religious 
 Exiles, &c.," published in 1874, contains a ship's list in 
 which the name of Richard Barnard, aged twenty-three, 
 appears as having sailed Feb. 17, 1634, from London to 
 Barbadoes in the ship " Hopewell," Capt. Thomas Wood.f 
 It is now thought that this is the same individual. 
 
 Richard Barnard (1), the immigrant above alluded 
 to, left seven children, namely, Richard (2), b. 1684 ; d. 
 1767; m Ann, daughter of Abiah Taylor, about 1715 ; 
 settled near Doe Run, West Marlborough township, then 
 known as " Hilltown," where he had previously purchased 
 between 400 and 500 acres of the Simcook tract, some of 
 which is still held by his descendants. He also purchased 
 in 1726 about 200 acres in Newlin, part of the Nathaniel 
 Newlin tract, also a tract adjoining in the township of East 
 Marlborough, the same now in the occupancy of Charles 
 Barnard, Milton Barnard, descendants, and James Gaw- 
 throp, John Huey, Courtland Michener, William Thorne, 
 et al. He was the ancestor of all the Chester County 
 branch of the Barnard family. 
 
 Thomas Barnard, brother of the former (died at 
 Chester, 1732), purchased his father's lands in Delaware 
 County about A.D. 1712, married, first, Elizabeth Swain, of 
 Newark ; second, Sarah Carter, of Chester, and became the 
 progenitor of the Delaware County branch, which is now 
 extinct in the male line, the late Maj.-Gen. Isaac D. 
 Barnard being of this line, of whom hereafter. 
 
 The other children of the first settler were Sarah, m. 
 Joseph Coburn ; Mary, m. Jacob Roman ; Lucy, m. Thomas 
 Dutton ; Lydia, m. Daniel Walker ; Rebecca, m. Enoch 
 Flower. 
 
 Dr. Smith, in his " History of Delaware County," says 
 that Richard the first was a Quaker, as all his children 
 appear to have been. If this be correct, he must have be- 
 
 t See also " Drake's Researches among the British Archives," page 
 100. 
 
474 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 come so after his settlement in this State", as George Fox 
 did not begin to preach his doctrine until 1648, or several 
 years after Richard Barnard had left England. However 
 that may be, it is certain that most of his descendants have 
 been Friends, one of the most noteworthy of whom was 
 
 Richard Barnard (3), son of Richard (2). He 
 was born in 1723, and died in 1813. He married, first, 
 Susanna Echoif; second, Lettice Baker. He was a model 
 Quaker, and left large estates in land in East and West 
 Marlborough, Newlin, Nottingham, and in Lancaster 
 County, besides some in Delaware. During the Revolu- 
 tionary war he suifered from pillage of both armies. His 
 residence was then in the valley, just north of Marlbor- 
 ough Friends' meeting-house, in a stone house now belong- 
 ing to John Huey. From " Book E" of his diary the 
 following extracts are taken : 
 
 "9 mo., 5, 1777. — The English army— the command of Gen. Howe 
 came near me — took my mare from son Richard [Richard 4]. 
 
 " 9 mo., 7, 1777. — A company of the Americans at my house. Cap- 
 tain Henry Lee tooli my little wagon. 
 
 "9 mo., 18, 1777. — Captain Lee at my house again. 
 
 " 2 mo., 29, 1777. — Joshua Lawrence came here with some armed 
 men and took from me two wagon loads of hay, one w.agon load of 
 corn. I demanded them to show on what orders. Lawrence said he 
 had * none, but my name, and Isaac B.' (Baily ?). 
 
 " 1779. — John Ingram &, John Finley wagon masters brought 
 seventy-two horses here and fed them seven days with good hay. 
 
 " 1780, 5 mo., 23. — At several places to take accoant of sufferings. 
 At G. Passmore's, he said he would be willing to leave it to the judg- 
 ment of indifferent men what is due to the negro woman that lived 
 with him till she was between thirty and forty years old. 
 
 " 5 mo., 5. — At a conference about slave holding. 
 
 ** 5 mo., 15. — Committee about slaves. 
 
 " Joseph Lucky and his assistants took from me 3 cows, all young 
 milkers, value 13£. 
 
 " 6 mo., 12. — John Crage & William Crage produced an order 
 from John Hammond and took 2 steers intended for oxen, value 11£, 
 and heifers valued at a moderate price at 11£ = 22£. 
 
 " 12 mo., 25, 1780.— Set off to Philii. William Hamilton & Joseph 
 Luokey eame to my house and took for taxes a horse worth 18£, 20 
 pounds tallow, a saddle & bridle ]£ Is., and wallet 2£ & 6«. 
 
 "1781, 1 mo., 1.— William Hamilton, Peter Bell, &, Joseph Luokey 
 took from me 2 Hogsheads cider & Brass kettle. 
 
 " 2 mo., 24. — Joseph Luckey took from me a steer i years old, 5£ 10 ; 
 2 Heifers 3 years old, 3£. 
 
 "4 mo., 28. — Geo. MoCorkle took from me a mare 20£." 
 
 Together with many other and longer lists of property 
 taken to pay what he called " taxes for the support of war," 
 against which he had conscientious scruples about paying. 
 While this was going on he would be busy in works of 
 benevolence and religion. Various anecdotes illustrative of 
 the endeavors of this man to lead a Christian life according 
 to the very letter of the Sermon on the Mount are told. 
 The following is a condensed account of incidents which led 
 to the establishment of the Friends' meeting-house and 
 school at Marlborough, taken from Friends Miscellany, 
 published in Philadelphia, a.d. 1834, vol. v., page 369, 
 entitled " Remarkable Anecdote" : 
 
 " Some years ago a difference happened between Richard B. and a 
 neighbor of his — a Friend and a younger man than himself— respect- 
 ing their land line, or the use of a water-course. Many endeavors 
 had been used to effect a satisfactory settlement, and they had several 
 times referred the matter of difference to arbitrators, whose decision 
 was uniformly in Richard's favor. But his neighbor still remained 
 unsatisfied in his mind, and unfriendly in his disposition towards him. 
 This gave Richard great uneasiness and distress, and all means had 
 been used and exhausted in fruitless endeavors to restore harmony 
 
 between them. It seemed to Richard that he must go and wash his 
 neighbor's feet; he, however, revolted at the idea, but the impression 
 that this cross was obligatory upon him became so overpowering that 
 he finally, upon yielding obedience to what seemed like a command, 
 burst into tears. Arising early in the morning and taking two 
 bottles, a bowl, and a towel, he filled the bottles with water and went 
 to the house of the neighbor, who was not yet up ; the neighbor was 
 unfriendly in his reception, and refused. Richard told him that he 
 was willing to do it for the sake of his friendship and good will, and 
 taking hold of his foot began the operation. The neighbor at first 
 resisted, but soon became calm and suffered Richard to wash both his 
 feet and wipe them with his towel. On his way home Richard filled 
 his bottles with water from the disputed stream and preserved them 
 as a memorial. The same day the neighbor himself restored the 
 water-course, and in the afternoon brought his wife and made a 
 social visit, and became and continued friendly to the end of his life. 
 Afterwards, when Richard was accidentally hurt, this neighbor died, 
 and thereupon Richard, lest he should ascribe undue merit to himself 
 by keeping the memorial bottles of water longer, emptied them out." 
 
 Previous to this, however, they had resolved on the es- 
 tablishment of a Friends' meeting-house and school on the 
 line of their lands at Marlborough village, and had each con- 
 tributed a sum of money and two acres of land for that pur- 
 pose, and the meeting-house and school building, including 
 a house for the teacher, still stand upon the four acres thus 
 donated. 
 
 Some of the collateral branches of this family went to 
 Kentucky, Louisiana, and other Southern States. Jere- 
 miah (1), a brother of Richard (3), was the ancestor of 
 John Barnard Guest, the vice-president of the Fidelity 
 Trust Company, Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, and Lydia, 
 a sister, married John Mcllvain, of Ridley, and was the 
 ancestress of the Mcllvains of West Philadelphia, and of 
 Hon. Abram R. Mcllvain, formerly representative from 
 Chester County in Congress. 
 
 Cyrus Barnard, Newlin, son of Richard (3), born 
 1776, died 1827, somewhat noted as an inventor. He ob- 
 tained a patent for a mowing-machine as early as 1820, 
 making the journey in his carriage. He was largely in- 
 terested in the improvement of live stock, and was the first 
 to import merino sheep into Chester County. 
 
 Richard Barnard (5), Doe Run, born 1789, died 
 1 850, was one of the first Chester Countians to go to Cali- 
 fornia in search of wealth, although in excellent circum- 
 stances in land and money. He took with him a consider- 
 able amount in cash, fell sick on shipboard, was robbed, and 
 died when about landing on his return. He was a man of 
 superior intelligence and great force of character. 
 
 Richard M. Barnard, Newlin, descended on the 
 mother's side from the Merediths, born 1797, died 1854, 
 was a pupil and relative of Enoch Lewis, and became dis- 
 tinguished as a mathematician, surveyor, and accountant. 
 He was a man of urbane manners, clear head, and great 
 force of character, and was much resorted to in disputed 
 questions. He represented Chester County in the State 
 Legislature, 1837-38. 
 
 Simon Barnard, a brother of Richard M., born in 
 Newlin, 1802, now living in Philadelphia. He was one of 
 the original anti-slavery society, and, like his grandfather, 
 Richard (3), took a conspicuous and active part, assisting 
 the celebrated Thomas Garrett, of Wilmington, in the 
 management of the Underground Railroad. He was a man 
 of very considerable power and influence, positive, uneom- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 475 
 
 promising, and fearlessly outspoken when such a course 
 was unpopular and even dangerous. His house was a 
 resort of the leaders in the anti-slavery cause when they 
 came to Chester County, and William Lloyd Garrison, Lu- 
 cretia Mott, Theodore Parker, John G. Whittier, and others 
 of distinction frequently visited him. 
 
 Isaac D. Barnard, born at Chester, 1791, died at 
 West Chester, 1834, the most distinguished of his name, 
 and fourth in descent from the immigrant. He studied 
 law at Chester with William Graham, Esq., and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar at West Chester, May 1, 1816. His 
 legal studies had been interrupted by the breaking out of 
 the war of 1812, and before he had completed his twenty- 
 first year he received a captain's commission in the Four- 
 teenth U. S. Infantry. He opened a recruiting rendezvous 
 at West Chester, enlisted a large number of men and sent 
 them to headquarters. In the autumn of 1812 he was 
 transferred to Baltimore, where he remained until March, 
 1813, when he went with his regiment, under Col. Winder, 
 by way of Philadelphia and New York, to Sackett's Har- 
 bor. He was present and behaved gallantly at Fort George. 
 Winder's brigade was in the brunt of the action. Capt. 
 Barnard was advanced to the rank of major, June 26, 1813. 
 In the fight at La Cole's Mill he was stationed with his 
 command to cover the artillery, and rendered important 
 service in bringing off the more advanced piece after every 
 man belonging to it had been shot down ; his horse was 
 shot by his side. Maj. Barnard descended the St. Law- 
 rence River with Wilkinson, but, owing to the extreme 
 hardship of the service in the winter, he fell sick, and as he 
 lay stretched on his back in a boat he heard the roar of the 
 artillery during the battle of Chrysler's Farm. Afterwards 
 he was quartered in a hut quite in advance of our post, in 
 an Indian country, and exposed to marauding-parties of the 
 British. , He was with Izard's army at Plattsburg, where, 
 in consequence of the death and captivity of his superior 
 officers, the command of the corps devolved upon him, and 
 for his conduct in .that position he received the compliments 
 of the commander-in-chief. He distinguished himself at 
 the battle of Lyons' Creek, of which Gen. Izard said, 
 " The Fourteenth charged the enemy in front. . . . Maj. 
 Barnard greatly distinguished himself by the officer-like 
 style in which he managed his battalijon." Gen. Bissell's 
 report said, " The gallant charge of the Fourteenth soon 
 compelled the enemy to give ground. . . . The handsome 
 manner in which Maj. Barnard brought his regiment into 
 action deserves particular notice." 
 
 While Maj. Barnard was conducting this charge, the line 
 formed a slight curve to tlie rear, when he cried out, " Dress 
 up, my brave fellows! You re not afraid!" Where- 
 upon they sprang forward with a bound and the curve was 
 quibkly reversed. 
 
 The Marquis of Tweedale, who was commanding the 
 One Hundredth British Regiment, twelve hundred men, 
 said during a visit to Philadelphia, after the peace, that he 
 " would be glad to make the acquaintance of the young 
 gentleman, Barnard, who had so gallantly driven him from 
 his position at Lyons' Creek." 
 
 After the peace, in 1815, Barnard again took up the 
 law, although the War Department offered to continue him 
 
 in the regular service. He commenced practice in connec- 
 tion with Archibald T. Dick, Esq., a relative. Mr. Dick, 
 however, soon returned to Chester, while Barnard diligently 
 applied himself to his profession in West Chester, where 
 he established himself in the confidence and affections of 
 the people. 
 
 Said the late Dr. William Darlington of him, " The sub- 
 sequent incidents of his life furnish evidences of popular 
 favor without a parallel in this community." Within a 
 year after his admission to the bar. Col. Cromwell Pearce, 
 sheriff of the county, appointed Barnard as sheriff's coun- 
 sel, and in the same year he was appointed deputy attorney- 
 general for Chester County, a position which he filled for 
 four years. Soon after he received the latter appointment, 
 two of the oldest and ablest members of the bar, as coun- 
 sel for the defendant in a criminal prosecution, — a case excit- 
 ing unusual interest on account of the social standing of 
 the defendant, — thinking young Barnard a " tender-foot," 
 demanded of him to indorse on the bill of indictment the 
 name of the prosecutor, saying that they knew that the 
 prosecution was simply malicious, and that they intended 
 to urge the jury to put the costs upon the prosecutor. 
 Barnard refused to comply, whereupon the judge re- 
 minded him in these words: "The jury will have power 
 over the costs in such a case as this." Barnard made no 
 reply, but laid hold of the indictment and promptly wrote 
 his own name thereon, and the case proceeded to trial with 
 him as the prosecutor. 
 
 His courage, boldness, and dauntless character greatly 
 pleased the people, and in October, 1820, he was elected to 
 the Senate of Pennsylvania for the district composed of 
 the counties of Chester and Delaware. 
 
 He organized the " Republican Artillerists," and was 
 instrumental in securing the monument and grounds at 
 Paoli. 
 
 He married, Nov. 30, 1820, Harriet, eldest daughter of 
 Judge Isaac Darlington. 
 
 In April, 1824, the Governor tendered him the office of 
 president judge of the judicial district composed of Lan- 
 caster and Dauphin Counties, which he declined. About 
 the same time he was elected major-general of the Third 
 Division of the Pennsylvania militia, and as one of the 
 military staff of the executive he was actively and agree- 
 ably employed in extending the hospitalities of the com- 
 monwealth to Gen. Lafayette. In October, 1825, he 
 was elected a member of the William Penn Society, be- 
 came solicitor to the Bank of Chester County, and also a 
 member of the board of directors. 
 
 In January, 1826, Governor Shulze appointed him 
 Secretary of the Commonwealth. Shortly after this the 
 Legislature of Pennsylvania elected him to the Senate of 
 the United States, where he occupied a seat until the au- 
 tumn of 1831, when his health declined to such a degree 
 that he resigned. The New York papers of that day de- 
 manded for Barnard a seat in the cabinet. While yet in 
 the Senate at Washington, in 1829, his friends in Penn- 
 sylvania were nearly successful in nominating him for Gov- 
 ernor. He was defeated by a faction in Chester County, 
 or, in the words of the late Dr. William Darlington, " by a 
 sinister combination of envious cliques." This was the 
 
476 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY", PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 first reverse Barnard had ever met ; his whole course had 
 been a brilliant march towards renown, but now his own 
 county was divided, and, being of an exceedingly sensitive 
 and highly nervous organization, he keenly felt the smart 
 of a temporary defeat. All he lacked of success was una- 
 nimity in Chester County. 
 
 In July, 1832, he was complimented by being chosen 
 an honorary member of the Peithessophian Society of Rut- 
 gers College. His health rapidly deteriorated, and he died 
 in West Chester, Feb. 18, 1834, in his forty-third year, 
 and was buried in the Friends' graveyard. High Street, 
 from whence his remains were removed to the Oaklands 
 Cemetery, Oct. 19, 1854, where a monument to him had 
 been erected. On the occasion of the interment at Oak- 
 lands Dr. "William Darlington delivered an oration, from 
 which many of the above facts are gathered. 
 
 The reinterment of Gen. Barnard was the occasion of a 
 very imposing military pageant ; seven car-loads of troops 
 from Philadelphia mid companies from other places at- 
 tended, which, together with the line of citizens, reached 
 from the court-house to the cemetery. 
 
 As a lawyer Gen. Barnard acquired a leading practice, 
 notwithstanding the many interruptions of his professional 
 life and the able competitors he had to measure with. An 
 original trial-list for January term, 1826, still in good 
 preservation, shows him to have been engaged in sixteen 
 out of the thirty-six causes then ready for trial. 
 
 James Day Barnard, Esq., brother of Gen. Barnard, 
 born at Chester, June 9, 1781, admitted to practice at the 
 Chester County bar, Aug. 15, 1803, was the eldest son of 
 James Barnard, Esq., sheriff of Delaware County; died 
 young, unmarried. 
 
 Vincent Barnard, naturalist, botanist, ornithologist, 
 entomologist, taxidermist, mineralogist, artisan, and uni- 
 versal genius; born in East Marlborough, Aug. 27, 1825;. 
 died at Kennet Square, April 25, 1871 ; eldest son of 
 William Barnard, deceased. He married, first, Joanna 
 Pennock, daughter of the late Moses Pennock, second, 
 Sarah, daughter of Simon Martin, who survived him and 
 died in Wilmington, Del., Feb. 22, 1881. In botany he 
 was a protege of Dr. Darlington. Naturally fond of pur- 
 suing this study, he when a boy found a plant, the name of 
 which neither he nor his friend, the teacher of the district 
 school, could determine ; he was advised to show it to Dr. 
 Darlington, the author of " Flora Cestrica." He said the 
 doctor would not notice a boy like him, but upon being 
 told that the sight of a flower with a request for its name 
 would be a sufficient introduction he was reassured, and 
 went to the Chester County Bank, of which the learned 
 doctor was president. His own account of the interview, 
 thus tremblingly sought, is as follows : " I went into the 
 bank, and walking up to where the doctor was standing, 
 gave him the plant and asked him to please to tell me its 
 . name. He looked at me for a moment, and asked me where 
 I found it. He then took down from a shelf a book, from 
 which he read me a full description of it. He then talked 
 to me about plants just as though he had always known 
 me, and said to me that he would be pleased to assist me if 
 I should meet with any diflSculty in my studies.'' After this 
 cordial relations were maintained between them through life. 
 
 Among the students of the natural sciences Mr. Barnard 
 was distinguished by a sort of intuitive faculty. He had 
 not the advantages of the higher schools, yet he excelled 
 the college-bred in many of the results and acquirements 
 which he gained. During the winter months he attended 
 the public school at Marlborough, and at other times worked 
 assiduously on his father's farm near by. He early ex- 
 hibited very marked traits of character, and his teachers 
 often referred to him as worthy of imitation by his fellow- 
 students. His father allowed him two or more rooms of 
 the house for his collections of birds, idsects, plants, birds' 
 eggs, minerals, etc., and he employed his mornings and 
 evenings in gathering and arranging specimens. Seldom a 
 day passed without his acquiring some addition to his cabi- 
 net and museum, some insect, egg, animal, bird, fish, or 
 plant, until he had accuniiulated a vast collection of birds 
 shot and stuffed by his own hands, butterflies and insects 
 artistically mounted. He actually began, as a boy, a classi- 
 fied description of the insects of his locality, giving many 
 of them names of his own invention, and had progressed to 
 a very considerable degree before he learned that others 
 had preceded him in that branch of natural science, and 
 at the age of sixteen years he had fairly founded his museum, 
 containing over three thousand specimens of all kinds, which 
 became the wonder of the country-side and attracted many 
 visitors. He wrote an essay on entomology in 1848, de- 
 scribing four hundred and eighty specimens. He set out 
 a botanical garden about his residence at Kennet Square, 
 containing four hundred trees and shrubs. His very fine 
 collection of birds, animals, plants, etc., were after his death 
 purchased by Swarthmore College, where they are now pre- 
 served. 
 
 Without any previous instruction he was a most thor- 
 ough mechanic, and could make or repair any tool or 
 machinery from a needle to an anchor, and from a watch 
 to a locomotive. What no other mechanic could do Vin- 
 cent Barnard would accomplish, and he was much resorted 
 to to execute some piece of work or mechanism where 
 specialists had failed. He was as pertinacious a questioner 
 as Socrates, and pursued the acquisition of knowledge with 
 a sort of impetuosity which no impediment could check. 
 Dying at the early age of forty-six, a career of great use- 
 fulness and distinction was untimely cut off'. Besides 
 being a man of great mental force and physical vigor, he 
 was of a most generous, genial, and noble disposition, 
 modest deportment, and exemplary character. 
 
 Richard Barnard, son of Richard and Ann (Taylor) 
 Barnard, of Newlin, married, 1, 3, 1754, Susanna, daughter 
 of David and Winnifred Eckhoff, of the same township. 
 After Susanna's death he married, 3, 16, 1763, Lattice 
 Baker, daughter of Joseph and Mary, of Goshen, by whom 
 he had ten children. Susanna left two children,— Jeremiah 
 and Rachel, the latter of whom married Joseph Reynolds, 
 of Nottingham. 
 
 Jeremiah, born 12, 2, 1754, died 1, 27, 1837, married 
 10, 25, 1780, at Londongrove Meeting, Elizabeth Pass- 
 more, born 3, 13, 1759, died 10, 13, 1847, daughter of 
 George and Margaret (Strode) Passmore, of West Marl-, 
 borough. Their children were eleven in number, viz. : 
 Susanna, b. 9, 25, 1781 ; m. Vincent Baily. Jeremiah, b. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 477 
 
 1, 20, 1783. George, b. 5, 1, 1785; d. 11, 23, 1841. 
 Margaret, b. 9, 30, 1787. Richard, b. 11, 3, 1789 ; d. 1, 
 31, 1850. Mary, b. 1, 31, 1792; m. James M. Lewis. 
 Samuel, b. 6, 13, 1794 ; d. 10, 1, 1826. Rachel, b. 8, 5, 
 1796. John, b. 11, 11, 1798 ; m. Hannah Painter, Lydia 
 
 Ann Swayne, and Martha . Elizabeth, b. 6, 20, 1801 ; 
 
 m. Nathan Walton. Anna, b. 6, 9, 1803 ; m. Jacob L. 
 Brinton. 
 
 Jeremiah Barnard, Jr., married 4, 11, 1804, Abigail 
 Pusey, born 4, 6, 1784, died 11, 1, 1876, daughter of 
 Ellis and Abigail (Brinton) Pusey, of Londongrove, and 
 had the following children : Ellis P., Joshua, James, Pusey, 
 Elizabeth, Lydia, Philena, and Susanna P. Barnard. 
 
 Of these, James was born ia East Marlborough in 1808, 
 and married, 12, 14, 1842, Mary Hicks, born 4, 24, 1818, 
 daughter of Thomas and Amy Hicks, of Londongrove. 
 They have had three children, — Jeremiah, Amy J. (died 
 1870), and Elizabeth H. Barnard. 
 
 BARTRAM, John, the earliest native American bot- 
 anist, and the founder of the first botanical garden on this 
 continent, was born near the village of Darby, in what 
 was then Chester (now Delaware) County, Pa., 3d mo. 23, 
 1699. He was the eldest son of William Bartram and 
 Elizabeth, daughter of James Hunt. His lot being cast 
 in a newly-settled colony, his education was very defective. 
 He, however, applied himself diligently to classical and 
 philosophical studies, and always sought the society of the 
 most learned and virtuous men. He had an early incli- 
 nation to the study of physic and surgery. He acquired so 
 much knowledge of medical science as to be of great ser- 
 vice among his neighbors, and it is very probable that, as 
 most of his medicines were derived from the vegetable 
 kingdom, this circumstance might indicate the necessity of 
 and his taste for the study of botany. 
 
 He soon conceived the idea of establishing a " Botanic 
 Garden" for the reception and cultivation of various in- 
 digenous vegetables, as well as of exotics ; and also of travel- 
 ing for the discovery and acquisition of rare and interest- 
 ing species. In 1728 he purchased the ground on which 
 his Botanic Garden was laid out and planted, five acres, 
 situated on the right bank of the Schuylkill River, a couple 
 of miles below the city of Philadelphia, as then limited.* 
 Here he built with his own hands a comfortable house of 
 hewn stone. The date of the building is given in an in- 
 scription on a stone in the wall, viz., "John* Ann 
 Bartbam, 1731." His various excursions rewarded his 
 labors with the possession of a great variety of new, beau- 
 tiful, and useful trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. His 
 garden at length attracting the visits and notice of dis- 
 tinguished persons, he was encouraged to persevere in his 
 labors. He sought to benefit science, commerce, and the 
 useful arts by communicating his discoveries and collec- 
 tions to the curious at home and abroad. 
 
 Bartram became acquainted and entered into corre- 
 spondence with many of the scientific and literary celeb- 
 
 * The Bartram Garden is now the property of A. M. Eastwiok, Esq., 
 a gentleman who rightly appreciates the treasure, and whose good 
 taste has induced him to restore the premises, as nearly as practicable, 
 to the condition in which they were put and left by the venerable 
 founder. 
 
 rities of Europe, — such as Linnaeus, Dr. Fothergill, and 
 others, — and was also engaged in an active correspondence 
 with nearly every scientific contemporary in our country. 
 He was indefatigable in his explorations of our forests and 
 mountain regions, from the Catskills and great lakes down 
 to the sandy lowlands and swamps of the South. A plant 
 was dedicated to Bartram by Linnaeus, but it was subse- 
 quently merged in a genus previously established. Now a 
 humble moss bears the name Bartramia, imposed by Hed- 
 wig. At the advanced age of nearly seventy years, John 
 Bartram embarked at Philadelphia for Charleston, S. C. ; 
 from thence he proceeded by land through Carolina and 
 Georgia to St. Augustine, in East Florida. When he 
 arrived at the last-named place, — being then appointed 
 king's botanist and naturalist for exploring the provinces, 
 — he received orders to search for the sources of the great 
 river San Juan (or St. John's). He was a man of modest 
 and gentle manners, frank, cheerful, and of great good 
 nature; a lover of justice, truth, and charity. During the 
 whole course of his life there was not a single instance of 
 his engaging in a litigious contest. In his political princi- 
 ples he was a decided patriot,-}- and zealously testified 
 against every description of human slavery. He was born 
 and educated a Friend, but for some differences of opinion 
 he was disowned by the society. 
 
 John Bartram was twice married. His first wife was 
 Mary, daughter of Richard Maris, of Chester Monthly 
 Meeting. She died in 1727. His second wife was Ann 
 Mendenhall, of Concord Monthly Meeting. They were 
 married in 1729, and had nine children. Ann Bartram 
 survived her husband upwards of six years, having died 
 Jan. 29, 1784, aged eighty-seven. It appears by the rec- 
 ords of the American Philosophical Society, of which John 
 Bartram was one of the original members (his name stand- 
 in" next to that of Dr. Franklin, who headed the list), that 
 he died Sept. 22, 1777, aged 78 years and 6 months, 
 
 BAUGH, George. — The Baugh family is of German 
 extraction, and the first of the name known in the county 
 was John Baugh, who came to America about the middle 
 of the last century. His son John married Mary Price, 
 to whom were born eleven children, — four sons and seven 
 daughters, — of whom the eldest was George. He was born 
 Oct. 17, 1797, in what is now East Coventry township, 
 and was married Dec. 2, 1819, to Catharine Frick (born 
 Aug. 14, 1798), daughter of John and Catharine (Grum- 
 bacher) Frick. The fruits of this marriage were four 
 children, viz. : Sarah Ann Jones, d. unmarried ; Carolirie, 
 m. John Ellis; Allen Armstrong (deceased), m. Hannah, 
 daughter of Michael Towers ; Harriet Rcinhart (deceased), 
 m. Dr. Edward B. Heckel. George Baugh died April 22, 
 1865, and his widow resides with her daughter, Mrs. Caro- 
 line B. Ellis. In his younger days Mr. Baugh was a mer- 
 chant, and kept store in East Coventry, and subsequently 
 was engaged in farming. He served many years as school 
 director, and was a director in the old Pottstown Bank. 
 He was a pronounced temperance man, taking great interest 
 in that cause, and was equally noted for his opposition to 
 American negro slavery. He often assisted colored people 
 
 t Sabine classes John Bartram among the loyalists. 
 
478 
 
 HISTOEY Of CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 -^i^, (y9. 
 
 to gain their freedom by aiding them on their journeys to 
 the Canadas and more northern climes. He was a local 
 politician of much note, and was as much attached] to the 
 Republican party as he had been to the old Whig organiza- 
 tion. He owned the fine farm on which his daughter, 
 Mrs. Ellis, now resides, and on which he built the residence 
 in 1829. He had the entire confidence of the community, 
 settled many estates, and was a peace-maker in quieting 
 wrangles and disturbances. He was educated in the Ger- 
 man Baptist faith, and attended and helped to support that 
 church. His daughter Caroline was married to John Ellis, 
 son of James Ellis, June 14, 1853, from which union two 
 children have been born, — Ida Catharine and George Baugh 
 Ellis. 
 
 BARTHOLOMEW.— These are said to be descended 
 from the celebrated Barthelemi family of France, many 
 of whom, having seceded from the Roman Catholic Church, 
 emigrated to Great Britain in order to escape persecution. 
 From-England they came to Pennsylvania at an early day, 
 and we find George Bartholomew, with his wife Jane, 
 living' at and owning the Blue Anchor tavern in Philadel- 
 phia in 1683. John Bartholomew, of Montgomery town- 
 ship, (now) Montgomery County, died in 1756, and Mary, 
 his widow, about 1762. They had children,— Ann, m. 
 Thomas Waters; Joseph; Thomas; Elizabeth, m. Isaac 
 Davis, Esq., of Tredyffrin ; Rachel, m. Benjamin Davis ; 
 
 John; Andrew; Benjamin; Mary, m. Thomas; 
 
 Augustine ; and Edward. 
 
 Joseph settled in East Whiteland soon after 1740, and 
 died there in November, 1754, leaving a wife, Sarah, and 
 children,— John, Benjamin, Hannah, and Rachel. Their 
 
 father's lands were divided between the sons, John receiv- 
 ing the homestead and 180 acres, while the remaining 160 
 acres was devised to his brother. But at the dawn of the 
 Revolutionary war Benjamin spurned the idea of being the 
 inglorious cultivator of an invaded soil. He marched, as 
 captain of a company, to the tented field ; he fought gal- 
 lantly and suffered much, yet Providence spared him to 
 witness the happy termination of the contest, and ulti- 
 mately restored him to his friends and paternal fields. 
 Soon after the close of the Revolutionary war, Capt. Bar- 
 tholomew married Rachel, daughter «f William and Sarah 
 (Potts) Dewees, and settled on his farm in the town- 
 ship of East Whiteland, located in the vicinity of his 
 birthplace. On this farm were concentrated all his joys 
 and all his toils. The industry for which he was conspicu- 
 ous in every pursuit of life w^s in no situation more fully 
 exemplified than in his agricultural occupations. The ap- 
 pearance of his farm and his stock, the harmony which 
 pervaded his household, his excellent arrangements, all com- 
 bined to bring to recollection the elegant exclamation of the 
 prince of Roman poets : 
 
 " fortunatoa nimium, sua si bona norint, 
 Agrioolas !" 
 
 Capt. Bartholomew did know and did realize the happi- 
 ness of a farmer's life. No inducements were suflBciently 
 powerful to withdraw his attention from agricultural pur- 
 suits. From 1772 to 1775, inclusive, he served as a mem- 
 ber of Assembly, and he was repeatedly solicited in after- 
 life, by those who were best acquainted with his capacity 
 for business, to accept a public trust; but this he uniformly 
 refused. On a particular occasion he was requested to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 479 
 
 assign bis reasons for declining a public station. He re- 
 plied, " Many are fond of public employment, and are totally 
 regardless where the theatre of action may be. I should 
 not refuse my services if required on a public exigency, 
 but until that shall exist I must be permitted to remain 
 with my family on this farm ; each requires my attention, 
 and each possesses my regard." 
 
 His family embraced the following children : Joseph, 
 who married Hannah Davis, and died in Tredylfrin in 
 1811 ; Hannah, who married John Hughes; Sarah ; John, 
 who married Lydia Cleaver ; Rachel, who married Thomas 
 Davis ; Marian (Maryanne), who died unmarried ; Edward, 
 who married Emily Cleaver; Augustine, who married 
 Maryanne Philips; Benjamin, who married Elizabeth 
 Pritner; and Ellen, who became the wife of Thomas 
 Maxwell. 
 
 Capt. Bartholomew was a plain, blunt man, and freely 
 spoke his mind. He died on his well-cultivated farm 
 March 31, 1812, aged sixty years. His remains are de- 
 posited in the cemetery of the Baptist Church, TredyflFrin. 
 John Bartholomew, Esq., was the brother of Capt. Ben- 
 jamin Bartholomew, and was educated for mercantile pur- 
 suits, but, preferring agriculture, he early settled on his 
 paternal estate in East Whiteland. He served as major of 
 the Chester County regiment of the Flying Camp in 1775, 
 and in after-life attained to the rank of colonel and briga- 
 dier general of militia. He was also a justice of the peace, 
 and of the County Court. In the burial-ground of the 
 Great Valley Baptist Church a monument was erected to 
 his memory, from which it appears he died Jan. 24, 1814, 
 in the sixty-sixth year of his age. 
 
 Thomas Bartholomew, a brother of John (1), probably 
 settled in Willistown after the year 1756. He married 
 
 Margaret , but left no children. He died before Dec. 
 
 3, 1765; his wife died in December or January, 1776-7. 
 
 Benjamin Bartholomew, of Chester borough, gentleman, 
 died in 1784, leaving a considerable estate to his relatives, 
 including the children of his brother Joseph and sister, 
 Elizabeth Davis. 
 
 BEALE, William, son of Thomas and Catharine, of 
 Calne, in Wiltshire, England, was born near Calne, Aug. 
 14, 1709, and about the year 1728 or 1730 came to Penn- 
 sylvania. He settled in the Great Valley, in Whiteland, 
 on the farm now Preston Thomas' clover-mill property, his 
 lands including a part of what is now Thomas Downing's 
 farm. His first wife was Mary Jenkin, born April 9, 1715, 
 died Aug. 25, 1771, daughter of David Jenkin, who died 
 in Uwchlan in 1743. William Beale, with his wife and 
 children, were received into membership at Uwchlan Meet- 
 ing 3, 21, 1750. He was married again, 3, 23, 1774, at 
 Cain Meeting, to Rachel Lewis, widow of Phinehas Lewis, 
 of East Cain. 
 
 The children of William Beale were, — 1. Thomas, b. 
 Aug. 6, 1735 ; d. June 30, 1803, in Tuscarora Valley, 
 where he settled in 1763. He was one of the judges of 
 Mifflin County, and a prominent man in. his day. His 
 wife was probably Sarah Todhunter. 2. William, b. Dec. 
 24, 1738 ; d. after 1800. 3. John, b. Dec. 12, 1740 ; d. 
 Jan. 25, 1777, a soldier under Lafayette ; m. about 1764 
 Tamar Burgoyne, daughter of Joseph Burgoyne, of East 
 
 Bradford. 4. Susanna, b. Dec. 16, 1742, m. about 1763 
 Noble Butler, Jr., and died in Kentucky after 1803. 5. 
 David, b. June 20, 1745 ; d. Feb. 6, 1828, at his home in 
 Beale township, Juniata Co., Pa. ; he was a prominent man 
 in political affairs, and for many years associate judge in 
 Mifflin County. 6. Mary, b. Oct. 8, 1747 ; m. 5, 21, 1772, 
 to Samuel Hunt, of East Cain, now Downingtown ; d. 9, 
 24, 1820. 7. Joshua, b. Nov. 19, 1749 ; lost at sea in a 
 voyage from the East Indies, 1787. 8. Edith, b. June 
 13, 1752 ; m. 2, 24, 1779, to Phinehas Whitaker, of East 
 Cain. 
 
 William Beale died 11, 27, 1800, in West Whiteland, 
 and was buried by the side of his first wife, on a portion of 
 his farm now belonging to Thomas Downing. Besides his 
 property in this county he owned large tracts of land in the 
 Tuscarora Valley, on which he settled his sons. 
 
 John and Tamar Beale left a daughter, Mary, who mar- 
 ried, 10, 14, 1790, Anthony Gray, of East Bradford ; also 
 a son, Joseph, who was placed by his grandfather as an 
 apprentice with Benaniel Ogden, cabinet-maker, near West 
 Chester, after which he went to Philadelphia and became 
 an extensive manufacturer of furniture in the firm of Beale 
 & Jcmison. His son, James M. Beale, came to Chester 
 County in 1830, and died at his residence near Coatesville 
 Jan. 1, 1881. Horace A. Beale, iron-master, of Parkes- 
 burg, is also a son of Joseph, and another is Joseph Beale, 
 late surgeon-general in the U. S. navy, now on the retired 
 list by reason of age. Their mother was Margaret, daugh- 
 ter of Capt. James McDowell, of Upper Oxford. 
 
 BELL, Hon. Thomas S., son of William and Jane 
 (Sloan) Bell, was born in Philadelphia, Oct. 22, 1800 ; 
 studied law under the direction of James Madison Porter, 
 and was admitted to the Philadelphia bar April 14, 1821, 
 several months before he was of age. In May of that 
 year he removed to West Chester, the seat of justice of 
 Chester County. He was entirely unknown in the com- 
 munity in which he settled, and for a time struggled for a 
 livelihood, but his active mind, fluent elocution, and legal 
 knowledge speedily gained for him a prominent position in 
 the profession. 
 
 On the election of Gov. Shulze, in 1823, he was ap- 
 pointed deputy attorney-general for Chester County, and 
 held that office from December, 1823, until August, 1828. 
 In 1829 he was appointed one of the visitors of the 
 Military Academy at West Point, and in that capacity 
 acted as chairman of one of the committees to report on 
 the state of that institution. 
 
 He continued in the uninterrupted pursuit of his profes- 
 sion until May, 1837, when he became a member of the 
 convention to revise the constitution of the State, as a 
 delegate from the senatorial district composed of the coun- 
 ties of Chester and Montgomery. In October, 1838, he 
 was returned as a member-elect to the State Senate from 
 the same district, and took a leading part in the difficulties 
 which distinguished the beginning of that session, com- 
 monly called the " Buckshot War." Owing to alleged 
 errors in the returns, his seat was contested, and awarded 
 to his competitor, Nathaniel Brooke. 
 
 May 16, 1839, he was appointed by Governor Porter to 
 I succeed Judge Darlington as president judge of the ju- 
 
480 
 
 HISTORF OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 dicial district composed of the counties of Chester and 
 Delaware, the duties of which oflSce he discharged with 
 ability and impartiality until Nov. 18, 1846, when he was 
 appointed by Governor Shunk a judge of the Supreme Court 
 of Pennsylvania. This position he held until Dec. 1, 1851, 
 when the tenure of office was changed by the constitution. 
 
 He was also, from March, 1855, until December of the 
 same year, president judge of the judicial district composed 
 of the counties of Wayne, Pike, Carbon, and Monroe, to 
 which he was appointed by Governor Pollock. 
 
 He represented Chester and Delaware Counties in the 
 State Senate in 1858,1859, and 1860. 
 
 In every position in which it was his fortune to be placed 
 he acquitted himself with great credit. As a lawyer he 
 was learned, faithful, and diligent. In his intercourse with 
 the bench and the bar he was uniformly courteous and 
 honorable. He had a mind remarkably quick of compre- 
 hension, mastering his subject almost by intuition, and there 
 were few more ready men in debate. He was a very 
 fluent speaker, and a clear and forcible writer. 
 
 Judge Bell was twice married, — first to Caroline, a 
 daughter of Judge Darlington, and afterwards to Keziah, 
 a daughter of William Hemphill, Esq. His second wife 
 was a granddaughter of Col. Joseph McClellan, a veteran 
 soldier of the Revolutionary war. 
 
 Judge Bell died in Philadelphia, June 6, 1861, at the 
 residence of his daughter (the accomplished wife of Dr. 
 Godell, late of Constantinople), and was interred in the 
 Oaklands Cemetery, near West Chester. 
 
 LiEUT.-CoL. Thomas S. Bell was born at West 
 Chester, Pa., May 12, 1838. He was the third son of 
 Hon. Thomas S. Bell ; was also a lineal descendant of Col. 
 Joseph McClellan, who was distinguished in the Revolu- 
 tion as a brave, active, and vigilant officer, and who durin" 
 a long life was held in high estimation by his fellow-citizens. 
 
 Col. Bell's education was chiefly acquired at the West 
 Chester Academy. In the juvenile exercises at that clas- 
 sical seminary he gave brilliant indications of the genius 
 that was then in process of development ; and on all sub- 
 sequent occasions manifested a graceful power of oratory, 
 even surpassing the rich and rapid eloquence for which his 
 father was distinguished. He studied the law under the 
 direction of his father, and was admitted to the bar of 
 Chester County at the April term, 1859. 
 
 March 11, 1858, he was commissioned aide-de-camp to 
 the major-general of the Third Division of the uniformed 
 militia of Chester and Delaware Counties, and Oct. 3, 1859, 
 he was appointed paymaster of the same division, with the 
 rank of major. May 20, 1859, he was appointed by Gov- 
 ernor Packer a notary public for Chester County, and at the 
 general election in October, 1860, he was one of the can- 
 didates of the Democratic party for the State Legislature. 
 
 In the spring of 1861, while hopefully engaged in the 
 business of his profession, a call was made by the President 
 of the United States for volunteers. Mr. Bell was among 
 the foremost to respond to the call, and was a lieutenant in 
 the first company that marched from his native town. He 
 was appointed adjutant of the Ninth Pennsylvania Regi- 
 ment of three months' volunteers, and held that position 
 during their term of service. 
 
 He was then commissioned by Governor Curtin lieutenant- 
 colonel of the Fifty-first Regiment of Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteers, commanded by Col. Hartranft. At Roanoke 
 Island Col. Bell had command of part of the regiment, 
 and his gallant conduct is said by those familiar with the 
 details to have aided much in the success of our arms. 
 At Newbern he had command of the entire regiment. He 
 was ordered to charge the enemy's batteries, which he did, 
 took the first battery, and was the first man to mount it. 
 At Camden he had command of the brigade to which his 
 regiment belonged, which on that occasion was foremost 
 and led the charge. In all these and other engagements 
 he distinguished himself by his skill and bravery. 
 
 When the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Pennsylva- 
 nia Regiment — composed largely of Chester County volun- 
 teers — was formed, Lieut.-Col. Bell was named for colonel, 
 but the order of the War Department relative to officers 
 changing their positions prevented his acceptance of the 
 honor. 
 
 He was killed at the battle of Antietam, after the des- 
 perate charge upon and capture of the stone bridge, being 
 struck with a grape-shot in the back part of the head, and 
 fell mortally wounded, Sept. 17, 1862. He was taken to 
 a farm-house in the vicinity, and died about five o'clock of 
 the same day. He had won the attachment of his superior 
 officers and of the entire regiment, and his loss was deeply 
 felt. His remains were brought to his home at West 
 Chester, and interred by the side of his mother, in the 
 Oaklands Cemetery, where it was his expressed wish to be 
 laid. 
 
 Col. Bell possessed a fine form and features, and looked, 
 as he was, every inch a soldier. His disposition was most 
 amiable, and he was in the highest sense of the term a 
 Christian. He was a member of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church. 
 
 BENNETT.— The earliest record of this family is ob- 
 tained from an old Bible which was brought over by the 
 emigrant ancestors of the present generation. The entries 
 are as follows : 
 
 " Baptised was John sonn of Edward and Alia Bennet the 14 day 
 of May 1626. 
 
 " Was Baptised Margery the Daughter of Oliver and Mary ffello 
 14 August 1628. 
 
 "Married were John Bennet and Margery ffello the 10 of ffebruaiy 
 1650. 
 
 "Ann thare Daughter was Baptised the 8 day of April, 1654. 
 
 " Baptised was John the sonn of John and Margery Bennet the 20 
 January 1656. 
 
 " Baptised was Edward Bennet the son of John and Margery Ben- 
 net the 14 October 1659. 
 
 " Baptised was Mary the Daughter of John and Margery Bennet 
 16 of October 166.S. 
 
 "Margery Bennet the 16 day of January 1665 but was borne the 
 25 of December." 
 
 John Bennet, son of John Bennet, of Overly, in the 
 county of Worcester, England, and Ann Brinton, daughter 
 of William Brinton, of Nether Gowrnal, in the parish of 
 Sedgley and county of Stafi'ord, were married 4, 18, 1684, 
 at a meeting at Stourbridge, in Staflbrdshire. John and his 
 brother Edward doubtless came to Pennsylvania soon after 
 this date, and John was appointed constable of Birmingham 
 township 10th month, 1686. He settled at first on land of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 481 
 
 his father-in-law, William Brinton, but in 1696 purchased 
 500 acres adjoining on the north, the deeds for which are 
 now in possession of his great-great-grandson of the same 
 name. John Bennett died in 1709, leaving four children, 
 — William, Olive (married to William Pyle), John, and 
 Ann (married to Joseph England). 
 
 Of these, John married, 7, 17, 1719, Sarah Maris, daugh- 
 ter of John Maris, of Springfield, by whom he had the 
 following children : 1. John, m. Hannah Seal, who died 
 with all her children, and he next m. Ruth Way, 12, 18, 
 1754, daughter of Jacob and Sarah Way, and among their 
 children were Jacob, the father of John, now on the origi- 
 nal tract, and Titus Bennett, the bookseller, and author of 
 "Bennett's Arithmetic," b. 8, 10, 1768; d. 6, 27, 1841. 
 
 2. William, m. Martha Jefferis and went to Anne Arundel 
 Co., Md., where they died, leaving several children. Three 
 of their sons came to live with their relatives in Chester 
 County, viz. : William, who m. Alice Hoopes and lived on 
 the western edge of West Chester ; James, who m. her sis- 
 ter, Hannah Hoopes ; and Silas, who m. Abigail Woodward. 
 
 3. Titus, b. 8, 12, 1732 ; d. 12, 2, 1825. 4. James, b. 9, 
 10, 1734; d. 3, 24, 1825; m. 12, 23, 1761, Hannah 
 Gilpin, and settled in Pennsbury. They were the parents 
 of Isaac Bennett, father of Gilpin Bennett ; also of Mary, 
 who m. Cheyney Jefferis, of East Bradford. 
 
 Edward Bennett, son of John and Margery, was mar- 
 ried early in 1687 to Margery Willis, and settled in Thorn- 
 bury. She left three children, — John, b. March 10, 1688- 
 9 ; Jacob, b. May 10, 1691 ; and Hesther (Esther), b. Sep- 
 tember, 1694 (m. to Moses Waite). Edward married, in 
 1697, Sarah Clues, widow, daughter of Francis Stanfield, 
 by whom he had Edward, b. May 22, 1699; Sarah, b. 
 April 1, 1701 ; (m. Thomas Yeatman), Joseph, b. Sept. 29, 
 1704; William, b. Dec. 23, 1705; and Elizabeth. 
 
 Joseph Bennett mai-ried, 3, 20, 1724, Rebecca Fincher, 
 born 9, 6, 1708, in Uwchlan, daughter of John and Martha 
 Fincher. They removed to York County, where they both 
 died in 1757, leaving several children, of whom a daughter, 
 Hannah, married William Kersey, and was the mother of 
 Jesse Kersey. 
 
 Edward Bennett, in his will, 1, 25, 1714, gave to his 
 son John " a great bible that did belong to my father, John 
 Bennet." This Bible passed from this legatee to his son 
 Edward, whose daughter Amy became the wife of Henry 
 Jefferis. Richard Worth married the daughter of Bennett 
 Jefferis, son of Henry, and the Bible is now in possession 
 of his daughter. 
 
 James Bennett, of Middletown and Aston, born 
 about 1709, died May 26, 1760, and was buried at St. 
 John's Episcopal church in Concord. His first wife was 
 Elizabeth Albin, sister of James, of West Marlborough. She 
 died May 23, 1748, and he married (second) Mary Hill, 
 widow of William, and daughter of John Hunter, of New- 
 town. His daughter Mary married Isaac Yarnall, of Edg- 
 mont, and from this source have come the Christian names of 
 Bennett and Albin in the Yarnall and Smedley families. 
 
 BBNNER, Philip, son of Henry, was born on the 
 
 northern or German side of Chester County in the year 
 
 1762, and was one of the most efiSeient business men the 
 
 county has produced. His father was an active Whig of 
 
 61 
 
 the Revolution, was captured by the enemy, and personally 
 learned the interior economy of a British prison. Philip, 
 then a youth, took up arms under Gen. Wayne, his relative 
 and neighbor. When he went forth to the field his patri- 
 otic mother quilted in the back of his vest several guineas, 
 as a provision in case he should be taken prisoner. After 
 the war he became a successful manufacturer of iron at 
 Coventry Forge, in Chester County. He afterwards re- 
 moved to Centre County, where he was one of the early 
 settlers, and became distinguished for the manufacture of 
 Juniata iron. He held the rank of major-general in the 
 militia of Pennsylvania, and was twice an elector of Presi- 
 dent of the United States. The borough of Bellefonte 
 bears testimony to his enterprise and liberality. He was 
 remarkable for his industry, enterprise, generosity, and 
 open-hearted hospitality ; his home was the abode of a 
 happy family. He died July 27, 1832, aged seventy 
 
 BEVERLY, Samuel, from the north of Ireland, 
 brought a certificate from Friends of Ballynacree and pre- 
 sented it to New Garden Monthly Meeting, 12, 9, 1722-3. 
 He was accompanied by his wife Jane and children Wil- 
 liam and Mary. They settled in East Marlborough, north 
 of Kennet Square. William Beverly married Mary Mil- 
 ler in 1730, and dying before his father, left a son, Samuel, 
 who in 1753 married Ruth Jackson, daughter of Samuel 
 Jackson, of East Marlborough. Mary Beverly, daughter 
 of this last marriage, became the wife of William Gause 
 and the mother of Jonathan Gause. 
 
 BISHOP, Joaquim, of Sugartown, Willistown township, 
 is a refiner and melter of platinum, and manufacturer of 
 crucibles, evaporating dishes, ignition tubes, etc. He was 
 born in Portugal in 1806, where his father, an English- 
 man, was temporarily living, and was director of the Royal 
 Fabrics. He left Portugal on account of the French war, 
 and came to Baltimore in 1810 ; the next year he removed 
 to Philadelphia. In 1826 he served an apprenticeship to 
 the jewelry business, and that failing he went to a brass- 
 foundry and worked as a finisher. In 1832 he hired at the 
 University of Pennsylvania as assistant to Dr. Robert Hare, 
 Professor of Chemistry, and worked as instrument-maker. 
 In 1839 he left there and commenced business as a philo- 
 sophical instrument-maker in Philadelphia. Being there 
 urged by some of his friends to try the platinum-work, he 
 carried it on with his other business. In 1845 he drew the 
 first premium at the exhibition of the Franklin Institute 
 for platinum-work done in this country. In 1858, his 
 health failing, he removed his business to Radnor, Delaware 
 Co. His property being near Bryn Mawr and becoming 
 more valuable, he sold it, and in 1865 came to his present 
 place. Here he bought forty-three acres, remodeled the 
 dwelling, and built his manufactory. In 1876 he was the 
 only exhibitor of platinum-work in this country at the Cen- 
 tennial Exposition, for which he received a medal and di- 
 plomas, since which time his business has largely increased. 
 His place of business is six miles from West Chester, and 
 three from Berwyn Station, on the Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 He finds a market for his work all over the United States, 
 Canadas, and often ships to Europe. He is the only actual 
 refiner of and dealer in platinum in America. His only 
 
482 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTEE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 JOAQUIM BISHOP. 
 
 education was acquired during his working hours from 
 reading and studying by himself. He married, July 5, 
 1832, Margaret Cruse, of Philadelphia, by whom he had 
 four children, — Mary, married to John Zimmerling ; Sam- 
 uel C, Thomas, and James. Thomas died at Chattanooga, 
 in the service of the United States, during the Eebellion, 
 and in the same war James was wounded at Fredericksburg 
 and died in Libby Prison. Mr. Bishop was the second 
 time married, July 1, 1847, to Susanna O'Neill, of this 
 county, by whom he had four daughters, — Angelica, mar- 
 ried to Wilson M. Matlack ; Sally H., to George Entriken; 
 Laura J., to John Entriken ; and Clara F., to Baker 
 Wier. Mr. Bishop is extensively known throughout the 
 Union and Canadas, especially by scientific people, with 
 whom, as with the leading colleges, he is by his business 
 largely brought into association. 
 
 BIZALLION, Pierre, or Peter, was a French Indian 
 trader, and one of the most noted in the province. He es- 
 tablished himself at various points, and penetrated the dis- 
 tant wilderness to barter with the natives for their furs. 
 About the year 1724 he settled down on a farm in the val- 
 ley, a short distance east of Coatesville, where he died in 
 1742. He names eight slaves in his will, and his personal 
 property was appraised at £573. His widow, Martha, 
 gave the land, 158 acres (which had been patented to them 
 in 1740), to her nephew, John Hart, by deed of Dec. 22, 
 1762. 
 
 BINGAMAN, Frederick, from Germany, settled in 
 Chester County, and married a daughter of Garret Brown- 
 back, by whom he had children, — 1. John, who went to 
 Virginia ; 2. Frederick, who served in the army of the 
 Eevolution in a rifle company whose trimmings were col- 
 ored with maple-bark; 3. Garret, who was drafted, but 
 
 his brother Frederick went in his stead, having been out 
 before ;. 4. Mary. 
 
 Frederick, Jr., married Elizabeth, daughter of Cassimir 
 Missimer, of Montgomery County, and resided there for some 
 time. He died in 1832, and she about a year afterwards ; 
 both were buried at Brownback's church. They had two 
 children, — John, born Sept. 23, 1783, and Mary, who mar- 
 ried Jacob Aman. 
 
 John married, Feb. 21, 1809, Mary, daughter of Judge 
 John Ealston, born May 4, 1787, and resided in Coventry. 
 He died Dec. 4, 1825, aged forty-two years, and his widow 
 married Henry Eimby, whom she survives, at the age of 
 ninety-four years. The children of John Bingaman were 
 Joshua, Eliza, John Ealston, Frederick, Eobert, William, 
 and Levi. 
 
 Levi Bingaman was born Oct. 21, 1824, in Coventry 
 township, opposite the house in which he now resides. His 
 father kept the " Eising Sun Inn," an ancient hostelry of 
 Coventry, dating back to or beyond the Eevolution. Fred- 
 erick (John's father) also kept the same inn, and the 
 buildings are now occupied by Levi, their son and grand- 
 son. John kept the inn until Sept. 11, 1817, when, being 
 converted at meeting, he cut down his sign and quit keep- 
 ing public-house. Levi was raised on the farm until his 
 fifteenth year, and attended the summer schools. He then 
 clerked in Eobert Ealston's store in West Vincent for 
 eight years, after which he was in the mercantile trade for 
 twelve years where he now lives. He was married, Jan. 
 24, 1850, to Mary Ann, daughter of Henry and Margaret 
 (Sheneman) Mosteller, of West Vincent. She was of a 
 family of eight sons and three daughters, all living and all 
 married but two. Levi and his wife have had ten children, of 
 whom three are living, — Howard, Samuel, and Levi Arthur. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 483 
 
 After selling out his store at home, Levi was in the iron 
 business in Jersey City for two years, until the breaking 
 out of the war. He then returned home and operated for 
 two years the Coventry Forge, and since then has been 
 
 working his farm of one hundred and ninety acres. He 
 was a school director a long time, and has been for eleven 
 years an agent, surveyor, and receiver of the Mutual Fire 
 Insurance Company of Chester County. He is a Republi- 
 can in politics, a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, of which he is a trustee, and has been superin- 
 tendent of the Sunday-school. He is the inventor of an 
 improvement in apparatus for transmitting motion (No. 
 154,008, issued July 6, 1874), which is of great value, 
 and is now in successful use in the oil regions of New 
 York and Pennsylvania. 
 
 BLAIR, Rev. Samuel, was born in Ulster, Ireland, 
 June 14, 1712. He came to America while quite young, 
 and received his education at the celebrated Log College, at 
 Neshaminy, Bucks Co., Pa., under the Rev. William Ten- 
 nent. Nov. 9, 1733, he was licensed as a Presbyterian 
 minister by the Presbytery of Philadelphia. In 1739 he 
 became pastor of the Presbyterian congregation at Fagg's 
 Manor, in Londonderry township, Chester Co. 
 
 Soon after his settlement there he established a classical 
 school, which had particular reference to the study of the- 
 ology as a science. From this school there came forth 
 many distinguished pupils, who did honor to their instruc- 
 tor, both as scholars and Christian ministers. 
 
 Samuel Blair was above the middle stature, comely and 
 well set, with a clear understanding, quick apprehension, 
 prompt elocution, solid judgment, and tenacious memory. 
 He was esteemed one of the most able, learned, and excel- 
 lent men of his day ; a profound divine and scholar, and an 
 eloquent and impressive preacher. 
 
 He was a man of weight in judicatories, and a promi- 
 nent actor in those scenes which in his day agitated, and 
 for a time divided, the Presbyterian Church. He co-oper- 
 ated with and ranked high in what was called the " New 
 Side" party. 
 
 He died July 5, 1751, at the age of thirty-nine years, and 
 was interred in the Fagg's Manor burial-ground. He left a 
 son, Samuel, and several daughters, who respectively mar- 
 ried Rev. George Duffield, David Rice, of Kentucky, John 
 Carmichael, of Brandywine Manor, and William Foster, of 
 Upper Octorara. Among their descendants are many men 
 of eminence. 
 
 Rev. John Blair was a younger brother of Rev. 
 Samuel Blair, and was born in Ulster, Ireland, in the year 
 1720. He was also an alumnus of the " Log College," at 
 Neshaminy, and a pfipil of the elder William Tennent. He 
 was ordained Dec. 27, 1742, pastor of three churches in 
 Cumberland Co., Pa. He resigned this charge Dec. 28, 
 1748, and was without a settlement until 1757, when he 
 succeeded his brother Samuel at Fagg's Manor, both as 
 pastor of the church and head of the school. In this latter 
 capacity he assisted in the preparation of many young men 
 for the ministry. 
 
 In 1767 he was chosen Professor of Divinity and Moral 
 Philosophy in the College of New Jersey, and removed to 
 Princeton. He was also vice-president of the college, and 
 officiated as president until the arrival from Scotland of Dr. 
 Witherspoon, who had been elected to the presidency. He 
 resigned his professorship in 1769, and was pastor of a 
 congregation in Orange Co., N. Y., until his death, Dec. 8, 
 1771. 
 
 His disposition was placid, benevolent, and cheerful, and 
 as a theologian he was equal to any man in the Presbyterian 
 Church in his day. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Blair, D.D., was born in Fagg's 
 Manor, Chester Co., in 1741. He was the son of Rev. 
 Samuel Blair, then pastor of the Presbyterian Church, and 
 principal of the school at that place. He was graduated 
 at the College of New Jersey in 1760, and afterwards 
 served as tutor there from 1761 to 1764. He was licensed 
 to preach by the Presbytery of New Castle in 1764. He 
 was popular as a preacher from his first appearance in the 
 pulpit, was considered a young man of fine talents, and one 
 of the most accomplished and promising young ministers 
 in the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 The estimation in which he was held may be learned 
 from the fact that at the age of twenty-six he was elected 
 president of the College of New Jersey with entire unani- 
 mity. He declined the honor upon learning that Dr. 
 Witherspoon, who had been previously elected and had de- 
 clined, would, if the call were repeated, accept the office. 
 
 In November, 1766, he became pastor of the Old South 
 Church, in Boston, as colleague of Dr. Sewell, which 
 charge he resigned in 1769, and took up his residence in 
 Germantown, Pa. He afterwards served two years as chap- 
 lain in Congress. The latter years of his life he spent in 
 retirement and devotion to his books. 
 
 His wife was a daughter of the elder William Shippen, 
 M.D., an eminent physician of Philadelphia. 
 
 He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the 
 
484 
 
 HISTOKY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 University of Pennsylvania in 1790, and died in Septem- 
 ber, 1818, in the seventy-seventh year of his age. 
 
 Rev. John Blair was the son of Rev. John Blair, 
 and was born at Pagg's Manor, Chester Co., Oct. 15, 1759. 
 He was graduated at the College of New Jersey in 1775. 
 After his graduation at the college he took charge of an 
 academy in Hanover, Va. He was licensed as a Presby- 
 terian minister in 1785, and took charge of a congregation 
 in the same place. He subsequently removed to Richmond, 
 built up a church there, and became intimate with her 
 most intelligent citizens, among whom were Judges Mar- 
 shall and Washington, who were very partial to his com- 
 pany. He was a gentleman of polished manners and fond 
 of intelligent and refined society, and always formed a 
 welcome member of such circles. He had a musical voice, 
 a polished style and manner of delivery, and was very 
 popular as a preacher. He was esteemed a man of rare 
 accomplishments and many virtues. He died in January, 
 1823. 
 
 BOLMAR, Anthony (or, as the name in full was 
 written, Jean Claude Antoine Brunin de Bolmar) was born 
 in 1797, at Bourbon Lancy, a small town of France, de- 
 partment of Sa6ne-et-Loire, in Lower Burgundy. He en- 
 tered in 1810 the Imperial Lyceum of Clermont-Ferrand, 
 where he remained until after the downfall of Napoleon I. 
 In 1816 he went to the city of Lyons to learn the silk 
 business, and commenced an apprenticeship under the 
 Messrs. Cordier & Co. But in 1818, when Anthony Bol- 
 mar was approaching the age of twenty-one, and would 
 have to draw his lot in the class of conscripts for 1819, he 
 enlisted in the army, in order to secure to himself the 
 privilege of choosing the regiment in which he preferred to 
 serve. He selected the Sixth Regiment of Hussars, then 
 commanded by a Lyonnais, the Comte de PernoUet. When 
 war broke out between France and Spain in 1822, the 
 Sixth Hussars made the campaign under the leadership of 
 the Due d'Angoulgme. Mr. Bolmar was at this time the 
 brigade-fourrier (quartermaster) of the First Squadron, but 
 had little military duty to perform, because he was more 
 particularly attached to the oflBce of accounts of his regi- 
 ment. 
 
 After six years of military service Mr. Bolmar re-en- 
 tered civil life. In the year 1826 or 1827 he went to 
 Switzerland, and traveled northward as far as Ostend, from 
 whence he proceeded to England and Scotland, and early 
 in 1828 came to the United States, taking up his residence 
 in Philadelphia. 
 
 On his arrival he turned his attention to the business of 
 education, especially to the instruction of young gentlemen 
 in the language of France. He also revised and edited 
 several school-books adapted to tuition in that language. 
 When the Asiatic cholera made its appearance in Philadel- 
 phia, in 1832, Mr. Bolmar retired to the borough of West 
 Chester to prosecute his labors on the school-books, and 
 was so much pleased with the rural village that he inclined 
 to remain after the fearful epidemic had left the city. 
 About this time he married an accomplished American 
 lady, and in 1834 was prevailed upon to take charge of the 
 West Chester Academy. While in the full tide of this 
 academic career he was induced to purchase a noble estab- 
 
 lishment in West Chester, which had been erected expressly 
 for a boarding-school, and of which he took possession in 
 1840. He continued to conduct the establishment with 
 signal ability until 1859, when some business concerns re- 
 quired his presence in France. The seminary was closed 
 during his visit to his native land ; and although he at- 
 tempted to reopen the school after his return, his shattered 
 health, which had been sensibly declining for a consider- 
 able time, prevented its accomplishment. He departed this 
 life on Feb. 27, 1861, aged sixty-four years, leaving a 
 widow and six children. 
 
 Anthony Bolmar was a public-spirited man, and did 
 much for the cause of education and for the material pros- 
 perity of the borough of West Chester. 
 
 BOND, Samuel, son of Jo'seph Bond, of Bristol, Bucks 
 Co., married, 4, 29, 1749, Thomazin Downing, daughter 
 of Thomas, of East Cain, and settled in West Whiteland, 
 he and his wife being members of Uwchlan Meeting. 
 Their children were as follows: 1. Ann, m. 5, 27, 1773, to 
 Robert Valentine. 2. Jane, m. 1, 13, 1785, to Thomas 
 Stalker, Jr. 3. Thomazine, born 1755 ; died 7, 29, 1782 ; 
 m. 5, 11, 1775, to George Spackman. 4. Hannah, m. 5, 
 16, 1776, to her second cousin, John McPherson, of Vir- 
 ginia. 5. Joseph, m. to Ellen George; and 6. Sarah, m. 
 5, 16, 1793, at Hopewell, Va., to Asa Moore. 
 
 BONZANO, Adolphus, was born Dec. 5, 1830, in the 
 city of Ehingen, kingdom of Wiirtemberg, Germany. He 
 early received a classical as well as polytechnical educa- 
 tion. He arrived at New York City in September, 1850, 
 and went to Philadelphia, where from October until May, 
 1851, he studied the English language. From May, 1851, 
 to 1855 he was at the American Machine- Works, at Spring- 
 field, Mass., where and at which time he learned the ma- 
 chinist business in all its important branches. During the 
 year 1855 he erected machinery in the Southern States. 
 From that date to 1868 he resided at Detroit, Mich., where 
 he was married, July 2, 1857, to Laura J. Goodell, from 
 which union have been born two sons, Maximilian F., May 
 13, 1858, and Hubert A., Jan. 9, 1867. He wasengaged 
 until 1860 as superintendent of machine-shops, etc., then 
 as designer and superintendent of bridge construction. He 
 removed in 1868 to Phosnixville, Pa., for the purpose of 
 carrying on iron bridge-building as a member of the firm 
 of Clarke, Reeves & Co. He has charge of the estimates, 
 general plans, and details of construction. This company 
 and firm have constructed an immense number of iron 
 bridges, iron viaducts, and roofs, amounting, up to Decem- 
 ber, 1880, to four hundred million pounds. Among the 
 principal works executed by this firm are the Girard 
 Avenue bridge, at Philadelphia ; the Hudson River bridge, 
 at Albany; the bridges for the Intercolonial Railway, 
 Canada ; for the North Shore Railway, Canada ; the Ele- 
 vated Railway in Second, Sixth, Eighth, and Ninth 
 Avenues, New York City ; and the Susquehanna bridge at 
 Havre de Grace, Md. 
 
 The company, known as the " Phoenixville Bridge Com- 
 pany," has its principal office at No. 410 Walnut Street, 
 Philadelphia, and its works at Phoenixville. The firm is 
 composed of Thos. C. Clarke, Adolphus Bonzano, and John 
 Griffen. 
 
^. 
 
 JVijiJy lB.B.lbll S-.SmuJOSarclai/ StllX. 
 
SAMUEL BUCKWALTEK. 
 
 In 1713 the ManaTon traot, at 
 what is now Phoenixvllle, was pat- 
 ented to David Lloyd. The earli- 
 est settler upon it was Francis 
 Buckwalter, to whom Lloyd sold 
 six hundred and fifty acres, in 1720, 
 for £195. Buokwalter, a Protest- 
 ant refugee from Germany, was 
 subjected when in the Fatherland 
 to many persecutions because of 
 his faith, and it is a matter of 
 family history that he was com- 
 pelled to read his Bible by stealth, 
 concealed in a cow trough. He 
 finally concluded to flee, and after 
 leaving his home was pursued for 
 three days by his vindictive Cath- 
 olic brothers, who were determined 
 upon his destruction. His chil- 
 dren were Joseph, Jacob, Johan- 
 nes, Mary, and Yost, and from him 
 are descended all of the Buokwalter 
 family in this county. Of these, 
 Johannes' son John, born Sept. 
 14, 1777, married, July 27, 1800, 
 Mary Bechtel, born Jan. 2, 1775, 
 and their children were Samuel, 
 John, David, Henry, James, and 
 Elizabeth, who married with James 
 Wynn. Of these children, Sam- 
 uel, the eldest, was born May 
 6, ISOl, in East Nantmeal town- 
 ship, and in 1817-18 went to 
 Charlestown township to live with 
 his grandfather, Johannes (John), 
 on the farm on which John Henry 
 Buokwalter now resides. In 1832 
 he was married by Eev. Jacob 
 Wampole to Mary, daughter of 
 Daniel and Margaret High, of 
 Schuylkill township, by whom he 
 
 '^' PM^ouj<^^:e/^ 
 
 had seven children,— Charles C.j 
 John Henry; Samuel R.; Eliza- 
 beth, married to Enoch J. Davis • 
 and Helen Caroline, all living 
 and two deceased, Daniel and Mar- 
 garet, who died young. Samuel 
 Jiuckwalter died Feb. 26 1869 
 and his wife, Mary (High), Jan. i, 
 i»SU. He was a second time mar- 
 ried, in 1856, to Ann Pennypacker, 
 widow of James Pennypacker. He 
 was one of the most systematic 
 larmers in the county, and paid 
 special attention to feeding good 
 stock, in which he greatly excelled, 
 and his farm and stock were kept 
 always in good condition. He 
 was, with his family, a member of 
 the Mennonite Church. He served 
 as a school director and frequently 
 in other township offices. He was 
 an Old-Line Whig in politics and 
 later a pronounced Eepublican. He 
 was at the time of his death presi- 
 dent of the Phoenixville National 
 Bank, in which he was a very large 
 stockholder. Of his children, 
 Charles C. lives in the neighbor- 
 hood of the old homestead farm, 
 on which resides his brother, John 
 Henry, the popular and efficient 
 county treasurer, elected in 1878 
 for a term of three years, and the 
 remaining brother, Samuel K., is 
 in active business at Phoenixville. 
 He was known as a successful busi- 
 ness man and a model farmer. Ee- 
 speoted in the community forpurity 
 of character, he was a worthy 
 representative of his well-known 
 family in the county. 
 
 HESIDENCB OF JOHN HENHY BUOKWALTER, CHARLESTOWN. 
 
DAVID BUCKWALTEK. 
 
 The Buckwalter family in 
 Chester County springs from 
 Francis Buckwalter, a Prot- 
 estant refugee from Germany, 
 who settled on the Manavon 
 tract in 1720. Prom him in 
 the third generation descended 
 John Buckwalter, born Sept. 
 14, 1777, and who married, 
 July 27, 1800, Mary Bechtel, 
 born Jan. 2, 1775. Of their 
 seven children, David, the 
 third son and fifth child, was 
 born Oct. 8, 1807, in East 
 Nantmeal township. His great- 
 great-grandfather on the ma- 
 ternal side was David Bach tell, 
 who came to America from 
 Germany about the year 1740 ; 
 bought land in Montgomery 
 County, where he settled and 
 reared a family. His son Sam- 
 uel married, about 1766, Eliz- 
 abeth Colson, who was of 
 English birth, but came to 
 America and settled in the 
 northern part of Philadelphia 
 County (now city) previous to 
 1740. Samuel had now become 
 the owner of considerable real 
 estate in Montgomery County, 
 and during the Eevolutionary 
 war sold for high price and 
 took Continental money in 
 payment ; came to Chester 
 County, where land was cheap, 
 and purchased a large tract in 
 Londonderry township. He 
 reared a family of seven chil- 
 dren,— David, Kebecca, Polly, 
 
 Betsey, Samuel, Sarah, and 
 Hanbah. 
 
 Samuel had a large family of 
 sons, who all left this State, 
 and with their descendants are 
 scattered through almost every 
 State in the Union. The name 
 of Bachtell has become almost 
 obsolete in this section of the 
 country. In Virginia it is Pe- 
 tell ; in Maryland, Pahtell ; 
 and in Ohio, Pachtell. David 
 Buckwalter, the subject of this 
 sketch, attended the common 
 schools of the day, and was 
 raised on a farm. April 24, 
 1855, he married Eliza, daugh- 
 ter of Philip and Susanna 
 (Sloneaker) King, the fruits of 
 which marriage were three 
 children, — Mary B., Ettie M., 
 and Annie E. Farming has 
 always been his occupation, 
 except the four years he was 
 engaged in the mercantile busi- 
 ness in Upper Uwchlan. He 
 purchased the farm he now 
 owns in 1850, upon which he 
 erected his substantial farm 
 residence, and which contains 
 some two hundred acres well 
 located for agricultural pur- 
 poses. Mr. Buckwalter is a 
 member, with his family, of St. 
 Matthew's Lutheran Church 
 in Upper Uwchlan, to the sup- 
 port of which he is a liberal 
 contributor. Politically he is 
 a Kepublioan, but has never 
 been an aspirant for office. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF DAVID BUCKWALTER, UPPER UWCHLAN. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 485 
 
 BONSALL, Richard, with wife, Mary, daughter of 
 George Wood, came from Mouldridge, in Derbyshire, and 
 settled in Darby (now Upper Darby) in 1683. Richard 
 died 7, 13, 1699, and his wife 6, 24, 1698. Their chil- 
 dren born in this country were Jacob, 10, 9, 1684 ; Ben- 
 jamin, 11, 3, 1687 ; Enoch, 11, 2, 1692 ; Eleanor, 9, 8, 
 1694. Their daughters were married, — Rachel to Daniel 
 Hibberd, 1697 ; Ann to Josiah Hibbard, 1698 ; Abigail 
 to Joseph Rhoads, 1701. Elizabeth Bonsall was married, 
 9, 10, 1686, to James Hunt, but whether a daughter of' 
 Richard is uncertain. 
 
 Obadiah Bonsall, perhaps a nephew of Richard, married 
 in 1701 Sarah Bethell, and had several children. The de- 
 scendants of this family number many thousands, and have 
 been largely traced by Spencer Bonsall, of Philadelphia, 
 who is preparing a family history. His father, Edward H. 
 Bonsall, a prominent citizen of Philadelphia, was born in 
 the limits of Uwchlan Monthly Meeting, 5, 28, 1794, and 
 died 4, 14, 1879, the son of Isaac and Miercy (Milhous) 
 Bonsall. 
 
 BOYD.— In the year 1732 came William Boyd and 
 Thomas Boyd from the county of Armagh, in Ireland, 
 and with them two unmarried sisters, one of whom married 
 a Mr. Dobbins and the other a Mr. Curry, all of Phila- 
 delphia. They also left one married sister in Ireland, who 
 with her husband afterwards emigrated to Philadelphia. 
 
 Thomas Boyd settled in the forks of Delaware, but after- 
 wards removed to Philadelphia, where he died in 1782, 
 leaving four sons and one daughter, — Maj. Alexander Boyd 
 (the oldest son), James, Thomas, and Andrew, all officers 
 in the Revolutionary army, serving through the war. Some 
 time after the war, James and Thomas settled in Kittanning. 
 Of their families nothing is known. The other children 
 remained in Philadelphia and died there. 
 
 William Boyd settled near the Half-way House, in Lon- 
 dongrove township, Chester County. In after-life he moved 
 to Oxford township, where he died, April 17, 1767, aged 
 fifty-eight, and his wife eleven days after her husband. 
 Both are buried in the graveyard at Pagg's Manor. He was 
 elected member of Assembly in 1760. 
 
 It was said by his sons that when a member of Assembly 
 he attended the sessions in Philadelphia, leaving his home 
 at two o'clock of a Monday morning, taking with him on 
 horseback one or both his sons, then little boys. They 
 would reach the ferry at Schuylkill before noon, when he 
 would cross immediately so as to be in time for the opening 
 of the session, committing to his boys the horse to be fed, 
 and then taken home the same day. They carried their 
 own provisions and provender for the horse. The following 
 Saturday the two boys would be at the ferry again await- 
 ing their father ; thus they continued to do during the ses- 
 sions, which lasted about six weeks. The compensation 
 for this service was equivalent to one dollar and thirty- 
 three cents a day. How different from these times, when 
 ten dollars per day is considered inadequate for like services ! 
 
 William Boyd left three sons — James, John, and Wil- 
 liam — and three daughters — Jane, Mary, and Hannah. 
 
 William Boyd, the youngest son, went into the marine 
 service early in the Revolutionary war, was soon made a 
 captain, and was afterwards taken prisoner and carried to 
 
 England, and being exchanged, with health entirely broken, 
 he died the day after his delivery on Long Island. His 
 record is that of a distinguished officer. 
 
 Jane, the eldest daughter, married David Cochran. 
 
 Mary married George Boyd, brother to Matthew Boyd. 
 
 Hannah married Matthew Boyd, by whom she had three 
 children, — Jane, Rebecca, and John. Of these children 
 Jane never married. 
 
 Rebecca married Rev. John B. Patterson, the first pastor 
 of Mahoning Presbyterian Church, and left nine children. 
 
 John died, unmarried, at the age of twenty-three years. 
 
 Matthew Boyd was killed by a fall from his horse. The 
 widow afterwards married Gen. William Montgomery. 
 
 James Boyd, the oldest son of William Boyd, was born 
 in West Fallowfield township, about the year 1749. He 
 was in the service in the Revolutionary war, and actually 
 participated in some of its conflicts, and it is believed was 
 in the battle of Germantown. He was a member of the 
 convention which framed the constitution of Pennsylvania 
 in the year 1790, and also of the Assembly during the 
 years 1779, 1780, 1782, 1790, and 1791, and associate 
 judge from Nov. 1, 1793, until his death, Aug. 10, 1821, 
 in the seventy-third year of his age. 
 
 Judge Boyd was a man of sterling honesty of purpose 
 and strict morality, and in all the relations of life was a 
 most exemplary citizen. He was noted for his active sym- 
 pathy for the widow and the orphan, the friendless stranger 
 and the afflicted, — such ever found in him a ready helper. 
 He was courteous and agreeable in his manners, highly 
 esteemed by all who knew him, and always spoken of with 
 respect. In person he was over the middle size, tall and 
 straight, and his every feature spoke the goodness of his 
 heart. 
 
 He was for forty years a ruling elder in the Fagg's 
 Manor Presbyterian Church, an ensample of a true Chris- 
 tian character, and many of the youth of his day — now 
 men well advanced in years — will remember the good 
 advice which he then gave them. In the early days of the 
 temperance movement he was an advocate of that cause. 
 
 The most fitting close of this notice is the inscription on 
 the tombstone erected to his memory over his grave in 
 Fagg's Manor burying-ground : 
 
 " In memory of 
 James Bojd Esquire 
 who departed this life 
 August 10th, 1821, 
 Aged 73 years. 
 " He was a member of convention in framing the present Constitu- 
 tion, and for several years a Representative in the Legislature of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 " For 27 years an Associate Judge in Chester County and for 40 
 years a Ruling Elder in the congregation of Fagg's Manor. 
 
 " He was a sincere friend an honest man and a devoted Christian." 
 
 On the same stone is this inscription also : 
 
 " In memory of 
 Mary Boyd — Relict of James Boyd — 
 who departed this life July 22nd 1822 
 aged 76 years. 
 " Hers were the virtues mild, the softer charities, connubial love, 
 maternal tenderness friendship sincere and piety unfeigned." 
 
 John Boyd, the second son of William Boyd above 
 named, served an apprenticeship to the tanner's trade with 
 
486 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Thomas Strawbridge of Chester County, and on the break- 
 ing out of the Revolutionary war entered the service, and 
 continued in the army seven years, leaving it in 1782, 
 having received an honorable discharge. He returned 
 home with nothing left but his horse and equipments. On 
 the 18th of December, 1782, he married Mary Cowan, 
 third daughter of James Cowan, of Octorara, Chester 
 Co. 
 
 Mr. Boyd immediately established himself in a tannery 
 in West Fallowfield township, Chester Co., near Coch- 
 ranville, and his industry, integrity, and high character 
 soon brought him prosperity. He was appointed by the 
 Governor of the State brigadier-general First Brigade, 
 Third Division, Pennsylvania militia. He served many 
 years as a representative from Chester County in the Legis- 
 lature of Pennsylvania, and was a ruling elder in the Pres- 
 byterian Church of Fagg's Manor for twenty years. 
 
 John Boyd and Mary Cowan, his wife, had seven child- 
 ren, — Jane, Joseph, William, James, John C, Mary, and 
 Hannah Eliza, — all of whom were carefully trained, and ed- 
 ucated as well as could be with the limited means and op- 
 portunity at the command of their parents, who carefully 
 inculcated in their children lessons of piety, integrity, and 
 honor, which, being well learned, are the sure guarantee of 
 a useful and honored life. 
 
 Jane married Alexander Montgomery, of Danville, Pa., 
 a son of Gen. William Montgomery. 
 
 Joseph, William, and James were brought up by their 
 father in the tannery, and John C. Boyd, the youngest son, 
 as a farmer. Joseph and William established themselves 
 in a tannery in Lancaster County, but soon abandoned it. 
 Joseph went to Philadelphia and opened a broker's office, 
 and when John C. quit the farm his brother took him 
 into his office as clerk, and subsequently as his principal 
 traveling agent and collector. 
 
 Joseph married Margaret Steel,'' daughter of William 
 Steel, Esq., of Chestnut Level, Lancaster Co., by whom he 
 had children, — John, William S., and Eliza. 
 
 William, the second son, married Eliza Steel, and left 
 several children. 
 
 John C. Boyd married Hannah Montgomery, daughter 
 of Gen. Daniel Montgomery, of Danville, May 18, 1820, 
 and shortly after removed to Danville. About 1824 he 
 removed to a farm two miles south of Danville, and built a 
 grist-mill and mansion-house, and enlarged the farm till it 
 contained nine hundred acres. He was a model farmer, 
 but found time to take part in public enterprises. In the 
 act of April 8, 1826, to incorporate the Danville and 
 Pottsville Railroad, he and his father-in-law were named as 
 commissioners, being the fathers of the enterprise. He 
 was also a commissioner in the charter for the Susquehanna 
 Canal Company in 1835, after which he organized a com- 
 pany and built an iron furnace, which, however, was un- 
 successful. He died Aug. 18, 1849, leaving seven children. 
 
 Boyd, Rev. Adam. — See the history of Upper Octo- 
 rara Church, page 250. 
 
 BRADFORD, Dr. James H., was born in Philadel- 
 phia, Nov. 4, 1802. His parents were Samuel F. and 
 Abigail Bradford, a family of much distinction and great 
 respectability in that city. He was liberally educated, and 
 
 graduated M.D. at the University of Pennsylvania in 1823. 
 He made two voyages to China as surgeon, and on the 
 second occasion remained in Canton, and was chosen by the 
 Americans residing there to be their resident physician. 
 For this service he received a stipulated salary, and was 
 placed on the same footing as the English surgeons and 
 physicians. All foreign residents, whether transient or 
 permanent, were entitled to his medical services without 
 any additional compensation. In this field of duty he 
 labored with assiduity and attained a high position. During 
 his residence at Canton a hospital was instituted, and he 
 took charge of its medical and surgical departments. He 
 continued a resident at Canton until 1835, when he re- 
 turned to Philadelphia. 
 
 In 1838 he married Mary H., eldest daughter of the 
 late David Caldwell, who for many years occupied the posi- 
 tion of clerk of the District Court of the United States at 
 Philadelphia. In 1850, Dr. Bradford removed with his 
 family to West Chester, where he resided until his death, 
 April 9, 1859. He died at St. Augustine, Fla., where he 
 had shortly before gone with a member of his family, whose 
 state of health required a change of residence for a time. 
 During his residence in West Chester he won the confidence 
 and esteem of all who knew him. His agreeable manners, 
 his kindness and benevolence, his consistent and exemplary 
 deportment, all endeared him to the community in which 
 he spent the latter years of his life. 
 
 BRADLEY, Charles, married Mary Jefferis about 
 1752, daughter of Robert Jefferis, Jr., of East Bradford, 
 by whom he had sons, — George, born 1753, Joseph, and 
 Enoch. Joseph went to Warrington, in York County, 
 where he married in 1782 and left children. Of Enoch 
 nothing further is known. 
 
 George Bradley married Mary, daughter of Philip and 
 Mary (Gilpin) Taylor, of Thornbury, born 12, 23, 1753. 
 They resided for some time in West Bradford, and had 
 issue, — Emmor, Ruth (m. to Elias Stanley), Orpha, Caleb, 
 Joseph, Hannah, Elizabeth (m. to Reuben Taylor), Lydia 
 (m. to Thomas Lamborn), Ziba, Rachel (m. to Benjamin 
 Lamborn), and Albina. 
 
 Emmor, born 9, 19, 1777, died 1, 25, 1837, married 
 Deborah, daughter of Col. John Hannum, and for a few 
 years afterwards taught school in West Chester, then 
 bought a part of the Hannum property, in East Bradford, 
 and built a house thereon in 1810, and resided there the 
 rest of his life. His children were John, Alice Ann, 
 George W., James, Mary, Emma, Jane, Caleb H. (late 
 secretary of the Chester County Mutual Fire Insurance 
 Company), Taylor, Rachel, Elizabeth, and Sarah. 
 
 BRINTON,* William, of Nether Gournall, parish of 
 Sedgely, Staffordshire, England, with his wife, Ann, daugh- 
 ter of Edward Bagley, came to Pennsylvania in the sum- 
 mer of 1684, and settled in the township since called Bir- 
 mingham. As his home in England was near that town, 
 
 » " The English family of Brinton, from whom those in America 
 derive descent, took their name from the parish of Brinton, now 
 Brimpton, in Berkshire. The first so named of whom we possess any 
 definite account is Robert de Brinton, who received a manor in 
 Shropshire from King Henry II. about the year 1160. His lineal 
 descendant removed to Stafibrdshire about 1460." — Dr. Daniel G. 
 Brinton. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 487 
 
 it is supposed that he gave the name to the township. He 
 was born about the year 1630, his wife five years later, and 
 they were married about 1659. With them came their 
 son, William, and daughters, Elizabeth and Esther. Their 
 daughter Ann married John Bennett, 4, 18, 1684, and 
 they may have accompanied her parents. 
 
 William Brinton had suffered persecution as a Friend, 
 and in the year 1683 had his goods distrained to the value 
 of £5 1 Is. to satisfy a fine of 26s. imposed under the Non- 
 conformity Act. On his arrival in Philadelphia, and while 
 detained there in making arrangements for a permanent 
 settlement, he presented two certificates to a Friends' meet- 
 ing " held at the governor's house" on the 4th of the 9th 
 month (November), 1684. One of these certificates is 
 from the Monthly Meeting of Dudley, and is dated the 
 15th of the llth month, 1683. The other is from "his 
 dealers & Correspondents," and is dated Jan. 14, 1683. 
 In 1686 he received a patent for 456 acres of land, to 
 which he made further additions by purchase. His death 
 occurred in 1700, and that of his wife in the previous 
 year. Their daughter Elizabeth married Hugh Harris 
 soon after 2d month (April) 12, 1686, by whom she had 
 four sons and five daughters. Esther Brinton, her sister, 
 married John Willis, of Thornbury, and had several chil- 
 dren. 
 
 William Brinton, Jr., born about 1667, married, 10, 9, 
 1690, Jane, daughter of Richard and Jane Thatcher, born 
 10, 17, 1670, died 12, 17, 1755. In 1704 he built a stone 
 house a little distance south of Dil worth town, which is still 
 standing, and until a few years since without much alter- 
 ation. He died in 1751, and was buried 8th month 17th, 
 at Birmingham Meeting. His children were, — 1 . Joseph, 
 b. 11, 30, 1692; buried 10, 18, 1751 ; .m. 10, 6, 1711, to 
 Mary Peirce, and 2, 14, 1748, to Mary Elgar. 2. Wil- 
 liam, b. 6, 25, 1694 ; d. 3d mo. 1761 ; m. 2, 26, 1716, 
 to Hannah Buller, 5, 9, 1724, to Azuba Townsend, and 
 5th mo. 1734, to Cecily Chamberlin. 3. Edward, b. 12, 
 12, 1704 ; d. 3, 17, 1779 ; m. 4, 17, 1724, to Hannah 
 Peirce. 4. Mary, b. 2, 1, 1708; d. 12, 13, 1774; m. 9, 
 8, 1739, to Daniel Corbit. 5. Ann, b. 2, 19, 1710 ; m. 2, 
 29, 1731, to Samuel Bettle. 6. John, b. 5, 4, 1715; d. 
 3d mo. 1748; m. 2, 21, 1736, to Hannah Vernon. 
 
 Joseph and Edward Brinton were prominent and active 
 citizens, and their numerous descendants have inherited 
 marked individuality and force of character. A daughter 
 of Edward became the wife of Thomas Darlington and an- 
 cestor of a large portion of the family of that name. A 
 genealogy and history of the family, quarto, pp. 60, was 
 compiled and printed for private distribution by Dr. Daniel 
 G. Brinton, 1878. His brother, Joseph H. Brinton, is 
 the proprietor of Brinton's greenstone or serpentine quar- 
 ries in Thornbury. 
 
 BROOM ALL, John, came to Pennsylvania in 1682, 
 and after his marriage settled in Bdgmont or Lower Provi- 
 dence. His death in the latter township occurred in 1729, 
 when he left a widow, Mary, and children, — John, Lydia, 
 Ellen, Mary, and Jane. 
 
 John Broomall, Jr., married, Oct. 12, 1720, Anne Lewis, 
 and had several children, of whom a son, Daniel, married 
 Martha, daughter of Joseph and Hannah Talbot, of Mid- 
 
 dletown. They resided for some time in Middletown, 
 afterwards in Thornbury. Daniel died 4, 2, 1817, and his 
 wife 5, 3, 1812; both buried at Middletown. Their chil- 
 dren were,— 1. Hannah, b. 2, 13, 1755. 2. Joseph, 
 b. 1, 27, 1758. 3. John, b. 11, 8, 1760; died 3, 6, 
 1848 (father of Hon. John M. Broomall, of Media). 4. 
 Isaac, b. 8, 27, 1762 ; died 11th mo. 1834. 5. Nehemiah, 
 b. 8, 27, 1762. 6. James, b. 2, 6, 1765. 7. Jacob, 
 b. 4, 18, 1768. 8. Rachel, b. 3, 8, 1771; m. to 
 Caleb Temple. 9. David, b. 6, 24, 1773. 10. Eliza- 
 beth, b. 6, 4, 1775. 11 and 12. Joseph and Nathan, 
 twins, b. 7, 12, 1777. 13. Daniel, b. 1, 27, 1780. 
 Isaac Broomall, or Broomell, as this branch of the family 
 write the name, married, 1, 11, 1792, Lydia, daughter of 
 John and Susanna Neal, of Concord, born 5, 12, 1772, 
 died in Upper Oxford, 9, 2, 1853. About the year 1800 
 they removed to the western part of this county, and Isaac 
 died at New London Cross-roads. Their son John, born 
 1, 10, 1794, died in Upper Oxford, 3, 15, 1881. 
 
 Hannah G., widow of Nathan Broomall, died at Phoenix- 
 ville, Dec. 12, 1879, in her ninety-second year. 
 
 BROSIUS, Henry, came from Germany when quite 
 young, with his mother and step-father, who settled in 
 Philadelphia. The latter both died of the yellow fever 
 when it was so fatal there. 
 
 Henry married Mary Roberts, daughter of Isaac, of 
 Bucks County, and settled in that neighborhood in 1793 ; 
 but in 1805 they removed to West Fallowfield and pur- 
 chased the farm now owned by Daniel Kent, who subse- 
 quently married one of the daughters. Their children 
 were Isaac, Benjamin, Mahlon, William, Harper, Mary 
 Ann, Henry, Joseph, Abner, Nathan, Sarah, Charles, 
 Agnes, Amos, and Ruth. Of these, Mahlon married Mary 
 Kent, 8, 17, 1820, and resided in Londonderry, afterwards 
 in Upper Oxford. Their children were Clarkson, Daniel 
 K., Edwin (now of Kennet Square), Esther Ann, John 
 Comly (physician, now of Cochranville), Joseph H., Ann 
 Elizabeth, Lucretia M., Mary Jane, and Mahlon G. 
 
 BROWER, Dk. William.— The Brower family, orig- 
 inally from Holland, very early settled in East Coventry 
 township, where the ancestors of Henry Brower, grand- 
 father of Dr. William, lived for two generations before him. 
 Gilbert, son of Henry Brower, married Lydia Urner, to 
 whom were born four children, of whom the eldest (Har- 
 rison) is deceased ; the surviving three are Rev. Isaac U., 
 Sallie M., and William. The latter. Dr. William, was born 
 Feb. 25, 1842, in East Coventry, and was married, Sept. 
 18, 1869, to Sallie M., daughter of Joseph Kendall, of 
 Limerick Station, Montgomery Co., by whom he has one 
 child living, Blanche, born March 9, 1872. He spent his 
 boyhood days upon a farm, and began his academic educa- 
 tion at Oakdale Seminary in the summer of 1858. The 
 two following summers were spent at Freeland Seminary 
 (now Ursinus College). He entered the Pennsylvania State 
 Normal School, at Millersville, Pa., in the summer of 1861, 
 where he was also in attendance in 1862 and 1863, at 
 which time he was a member of the senior class. He 
 taught school for six terms, and entered upon the study of 
 medicine in the spring of 1865. He attended lectures at 
 Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia, and there was 
 
488 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 /?^-7^. 
 
 graduated March 9, 1867. He then located at Spring City, 
 and soon acquired a large practice, where and in which he 
 is now most successfully engaged. He has taken an active 
 part in school matters, and has served uninterruptedly on 
 the school board for the past thirteen years. The schools 
 of Spring City are among the best in the county, which is 
 in large measure due to his zeal and labors on the board. 
 He has also served for several years as a director in the 
 Phoenixville Fire Insurance Company, and his public spirit 
 has been of great aid to the community, which deservedly 
 holds him in high repute. 
 
 His mother was an Urner, descended from that well- 
 known family, which came originally from canton Uri, in 
 Switzerland, and having from thence been driven by perse- 
 cutions, settled in the province of Alsace, from which the 
 three brothers, John, Jacob, and Martin Urner, came to 
 America about 1708. 
 
 BROWN. — There are many different families bearing 
 this name, of which the descendants of James and William 
 Browne, of Nottingham, are perhaps the most numerous. 
 According to the evidence discovered by the late Henry 
 Armitt Brown, Esq., of Philadelphia, they were the sons of 
 Richard and Mary Browne, of Puddington, near Welling- 
 boro', Northamptonshire. The father died 9, 28, 1662, 
 and of his eight children James was born 3, 27, 1656, and 
 William, 1, 29, 1658. James was married at Burlington, 
 N. J., 6, 8, 1679, to Honor, daughter of William Clay- 
 ton, of Chichester, where he also settled at first. His 
 children were James, b. at Marcus Hook, 1, 17, 1681; 
 William, b. 1, 13, 1682; Clayton, b. 8, 1, 1685 ; Jere- 
 miah, Margery, Daniel, and Mary. 
 
 William Browne was married in England to Dorothy 
 , and his eldest son, Joseph, was born there, 4, 12, 
 
 1682. In 1684 he married a second wife, Ann Mercer, in 
 1699 a third, Catharine Williams, and in 1711 a fourth 
 wife, Mary Matthews. Tradition says that William Browne 
 cut the first tree in the settlement of Nottingham, and it is 
 known that the first Friends' meeting there was held at his 
 house. His son, Mercer (or Messer) Brown, was a justice of 
 Common Pleas and a useful citizen. 
 
 William Brown, son of James, married Esther Yardley, 
 of Bucks County, and had children, — William, a noted 
 minister ; Margaret, married to John Churchman ; James, 
 and Daniel. Of these, James married Miriam Churchman, 
 was also a minister, and died in Wilmington, 3, 4, 1772. 
 His son Elijah, born 3, 12, 1740, removed in 1757 to Phila- 
 delphia, and was one of the Friends exiled to Virginia in 
 1777. He married in 1761 Mary Armitt, and died 8, 
 27, 1810. His great-grandson, Henry Armitt Brown, the 
 gifted writer and orator, died Aug. 21, 1878, in the prime 
 of life, and with the prospect of a brilliant future before 
 him. 
 
 BROWNBACK, Garret, or Gerhard Brumbach, as it 
 may have been in German, was one of the earliest settlers 
 of that nationality in Vincent ; was the founder of Brown- 
 back's Reformed Church, and the first tavern-keeper in that 
 part of the county. He took up 1000 acres of land, partly 
 in Vincent and partly in Coventry, on part of which the 
 church was built at a later date. He had two sons, Benja- 
 min and Henry, and daughters who became the wives of 
 Richard Custard, John Benner, Frederick Bingaman, John 
 Munshower, and William Posey. Catharine was the wife 
 of Munshower. When Garret settled here there was an 
 Indian village about fifty or sixty perches from his dwell- 
 ing, and the natives rendered him services in return for 
 favors shown them. Garret Brownback died about 1758, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GEXEALOGICAL. 
 
 489 
 
 and was succeeded at the tavern by his son Benjamin, who 
 continued in the business nearly thirty years. The latter 
 served during the Revolution. His widow was robbed and 
 murdered, but the murderer never was discovered. 
 
 BUCHANAN, Rev. James, was a native of the Bran- 
 dywine settlement, in Chester Co., Pa., where he was born 
 in the year 1783. He received his collegiate education at 
 Dickinson College, Carlisle, where he graduated Sept. 28, 
 1803. He studied theology under Rev. Nathan Grier, of 
 Brandywine Manor, and was licensed by New Castle Pres- 
 bytery, Sept. 30, 1806. 
 
 He was first settled, in April, 1809, over the Presby- 
 terian congregation of Harrisburg, Pa. This charge he 
 resigned in 1815. In 1816 he became pastor of the con- 
 gregation at Grecncastle, Franklin Co., Pa. Here he con- 
 tinued for about twenty years, with great acceptance to the 
 people, who were devotedly attached to him. He then 
 took charge of the Presbyterian Church of Logansport, 
 Ind., of which he continued pastor until his death, on the 
 16th of September, 1843, at the age of sixty years. 
 
 He was a man of warm heart, of kind and generous dis- 
 position ; a judicious counselor, and as a preacher held a 
 very respectable rank. 
 
 BUFFINGTON.— i2jcA. Bohbinghton was among the 
 list of tydahhs at Upland in 1677. In 1679, Richard 
 Buffington and Joho Grubb purchased a tract of land west 
 of Chester Creek, above Chester, which they called " Hope- 
 well of Kent." 
 
 Richard BufiSngton had a wife, Ann, living in 1695 ; a 
 wife, Frances (widow of John Grubb), living in 1712 ; and 
 his widow, Alice (Palmer), survived hiui. He purchased 
 land in East Bradford (in conjunction with William Ves- 
 tall) in 1696, and removed to that neighborhood within a 
 few years after. Feb. 25, 1720-1, he conveyed his lands 
 to two of his sons, Thomas and William, reserving a life 
 interest therein, and this was probably on the eve of his 
 last marriage. He appears to have settled at a later period 
 on 200 acres immediately in the forks of Brandywine, but 
 never owned the land, which, however, his son Joseph 
 afterwards purchased from the heirs of Isaac Norris, of 
 Philadelphia. Richard died in January or February, 
 1747-8, probably about ninety-four years of age. By his 
 will he gave a legacy of £20 to the Baptist society which 
 met at John Bentley's, in Newlin township. (See Heph- 
 zibah Baptist Church.) 
 
 Children. — Ann, m. Benjamin Hickman ; Ruth, m. 
 Ezekiel Harlan; Richard, d. 1741, m. Phebe Grubb; 
 Thomas, d. December, 1739, m. Ruth Cope and Ann 
 
 ; William, d. unmarried ; John, m. Sarah Arnold ; 
 
 Hannah, m. Jeremiah Dean; Mary, m. Charles Turner; 
 Elizabeth, d. 1748-9, m. Peter Collins and John Free- 
 man ; Lydia, m. George Martin ; Abigail, b. September, 
 1721, d. April, 1813, m. Edward Seed and David Fling; 
 Joseph, d. Nov. 17, 1785, unmarried ; Alice, d. July 19, 
 
 1775, m. McArthur and James Hance. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Gazette for June 28 to July 5, 1739, 
 contains the following : 
 
 " Philadelphia.— On the 30th of May past the children, 
 grandchildren, and great-grandchildren of Richard Buffing- 
 ton, Senior, to the number of one hundred and fifteen, met 
 62 
 
 together at his house in Chester County, as also his nine 
 sons- and daughters-in-law, and twelve great-grandchildren- 
 in-law. The old man is from Great Marie, upon the 
 Thames, in Buckinghamshire, in Old England, aged 
 about 85, and is still hearty, active, and of perfect memory. 
 His eldest son, now in the sixtieth year of his age, was the 
 first-born of English descent in this province." 
 
 Richard Buflfington, Jr., married Phebe, daughter of 
 John and Frances Grubb, and settled in West Bradford. 
 His wife was a minister among Friends, and after his death 
 married Simon Hadly, living in the edge of New Castle 
 County. She died 3, 4, 1769, and was buried at Bradford 
 Meeting on the 6th, at the same time that the mother of 
 Humphry Marshall was interred. The children of Rich- 
 ard and Phebe were John, Frances (m. to Samuel Os- 
 borne), Phebe, Richard, Samuel, Henry, Catharine, Peter, 
 Nathaniel, Jeremiah, Isaac, and Joseph. 
 
 Richard (3), born 11, 23, 1715-6, died 2, 28, 1781, 
 married Mary Bate and Ann (Pyle) Woodward. By the 
 first he had Curtis, Mary, and Phebe, and by the second, 
 Richard, Jesse, Ann, and Esther. Richard (4), born 12, 
 18, 1750-1, died 11, 19, 1803, married Rachel Baker, 
 daughter of Richard and Rachel, and their son, the fifth 
 Richard in direct descent, is living in West Marlborough, 
 in his seventy-ninth year. 
 
 John Buflfington, son of Richard (2), married Elizabeth 
 Way and Jane Thatcher, and died 10, 23, 1774, leaving 
 several children, of whom Robert, the eldest, was the 
 grandfather of Wilson Buflfington, of Unionville, a builder 
 of numerous bridges. Richard, the second son, was a 
 mason, and with his cousin Curtis built the easterly tav- 
 ern in Marshallton. He left the neighborhood for a time 
 during the Revolution, and his property was confiscated. 
 His brother Jacob was arrested as a Tory, but escaped from 
 the guards and fled to Prince Edward Island, afterwards 
 to England, but returned to Chester County before his 
 death. Another brother, Joshua, was tried and acquitted. 
 Joseph Buflfington, born 11, 27, 1803, at West Chester, 
 died 2, 3, 1872, was for several years president judge of 
 the district composed of Westmoreland, Armstrong, and 
 Indiana Counties, in this State. He was the son of Eph- 
 raira and Rebecca, and Ephraim was the son of Jonathan, 
 the son of William, supposed son of Thomas, the son of the 
 first Richard. 
 
 BULL, LiEUT.-CoL. Thomas, son of William Bull, 
 born June 9, 1744, died July 13, 1837, aged 93 years, 1 
 month, and 4 days. 
 
 He, as most young men in colonial times were forced to 
 do, followed for a while a mechanical pursuit, becoming a 
 stone-mason. He was considered an excellent workman; 
 having assisted in constructing a number of buildings of 
 so durable a character that they were still in use a few years 
 ago, and may be yet. Prior to the Revolutionary war, and 
 also subsequently to it, he was a manager for Potts & Rut- 
 ter, at Warwick Furnace. Whilst in this capacity he was 
 called into the service of his country, being commissioned 
 lieutenant-colonel of his regiment subsequently to Gen. 
 Wayne's transfer to the regular army. He took the above 
 position upon the promotion of Richard Thomas to the 
 colonelcy. He was attached to the Flying Camp, and was 
 
490 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ordered to New York, where, arriving in time for an en- 
 gagement, he was forced with his men into action, fought 
 bravely, and when he found his superior in command had 
 surrendered he became so incensed that he broke his sword 
 in two. He of course was captured and taken to the " Jer- 
 sey" prison-ships, where the prisoners, one of whom was the 
 celebrated Col. Ethan Allen, were furnished an allowance 
 of a few grains of corn a day. Remaining here for a short 
 time, they were placed on Long Island, with the privilege 
 of patroling the same. Here they were kept for about 
 twenty-one months and then exchanged. During the en- 
 gagement above alluded to, while Col. Bull was carrying an 
 order to a subordinate officer, a wounded soldier piteously 
 plead that he would take him up behind him on his horse 
 and save him if possible. Seeing a stump of a tree near 
 by, he told him to get upon it and he would see what he 
 could do for him. When he returned the maimed man 
 had strength enough to obey this friendly command, and, 
 urging his strength to the utmost, he succeeded in the effort, 
 and was borne swiftly in safety to the fort. In time he 
 recovered, and in after-years, when Col. Bull was a member 
 of the Legislature, the door-keeper was asked to call him 
 out as a man wished to speak to him. It proved to be his 
 old acquaintance of the battle-field, whose safety had been 
 secured amid the storm of bullets discharged as they neared 
 the fort, and who now came to express his heartfelt grati- 
 tude to his preserver. 
 
 Another incident occurred during his sojourn on the 
 island. Poorly fed and being hungry, he stopped at the 
 house of one of the Low Dutch residents and asked for 
 something to eat. The old lady in broken English replied, 
 " Oh, we've got poor bread." " What will you give me if 
 I build you an oven ?" he said, and, as she hesitated in 
 reply, added, " Send your men for brick and sand, and we 
 will see what we can do for you." The materials being 
 brought he went to work, and in a short time the oven was 
 built. She was pleased, and gave him three silver dollars 
 for the work, whereupon he also was pleased. In telling 
 this story he laughingly said that when the thing became 
 known all the little Low Dutch women on the island came 
 in quest of Col. Bull to build them ovens. 
 
 Another circumstance he used to mention was that be- 
 fore his capture he found one of his men famishing from 
 want of food and exposure to the weather. Having no 
 great supply of medicine at hand, he procured some ginger- 
 bread, softened it with water, forced it down his throat, and 
 thus saved his life. This man, Micajah Posey, returned to 
 his home in the neighborhood of Warwick Furnace, and 
 lived there until he became an old man, many of whose 
 descendants reside in the northern part of this and in the 
 neighboring counties. 
 
 After his return from the service of his country in the 
 field Col. Bull continued in the iron business, managing the 
 Warwick Furnace, as before, and turning out forty-two tons 
 of pig-metal per week with a small charcoal furnace, the ore 
 being then of fine quality and the wood first growth. This 
 was a great run of metal, considering that a furnace of 
 equal capacity latterly will yield but little more than one- 
 half this quantity. 
 
 Shortly after the battle of Brapdywine a portion of the 
 
 government troops retreated to the neighborhood of the 
 Furnace, where they remained for some days, the officers of 
 highest grade in the mean time visiting the mansion-house, 
 where they were hospitably entertained by the gallant col- 
 onel's noble and patriotic wife. 
 
 Prior to leaving the employ of the Warwick Company, 
 Col. Bull bought from them a large tract of land on the 
 head-waters of the south branch of French Creek, where 
 he built a grist- and saw-mill, blacksmith-shop, etc., and 
 upon which he erected a fine mansion, to which he retired, 
 and there resided many years. The property passed into 
 possession of his son, Rev. Levi Bull, and is now the resi- 
 dence of Col. Thomas K. Bull, a son of the latter. 
 
 While improving his private property Col. Bull was yet 
 largely engaged in business plans. He acquired, and held 
 until within a few years of his death, nine-sixteenths of an 
 interest in Joanna Furnace, on Hay Creek, Robeson town- 
 ship, Berks County, which interest he disposed of to Judge 
 Darling, of Reading, about 1831, who associated with him 
 Levi Bull Spith, his brother-in-law. The present owner 
 is Col. L. Heber Smith, a great-grandson of Col. Bull, who 
 follows the same remunerating pursuit, and has given assu- 
 rance that he imbibes the patriotic fervor of his brave an- 
 cestor in volunteering to march at the head of his regiment 
 in defense of his country in the war of the Rebellion, and, 
 like his ancestor, was captured and detained in the vile 
 prisons of the South, in this respect suffering more cruel 
 treatment than was accorded prisoners of the Revolutionary 
 war. 
 
 Col. Bull was a member of the convention which framed 
 the constitution of 1790, and also a member of the conven- 
 tion which ratified said instrument. He was a representa- 
 tive of Chester County in the Assembly for many years. 
 Of course he was a man of mark in those early days of our 
 history. Fitted by nature with a strong, vigorous frame, a 
 tall, majestic mien, and a stentorian voice, he seemed formed 
 to command. Resolute and determined in war, he was an 
 excellent manager and a successful business man. Active 
 and enterprising, he gave many a young man employment, 
 and failed not to help the poor and the friendless. His 
 counsel .was often asked, his advice taken, and many profited 
 by it. An instance is given : A few miles from him lived 
 a man of moody spirit, morose and ill-grained, who called 
 to see the colonel, and complained of want of success. He 
 was advised to quit the neighborhood and remove to the 
 central part of the State, where it was thought an opening 
 presented for business. Taking the advice kindly he re- 
 moved, and became an iron-master, prospered, and grew 
 rich. Probably about 1830 ho paid his last visit to Chester 
 County, met his old friend and adviser, and after a pleasant 
 interchange of social feeling they parted to meet here no 
 more. 
 
 About the year 1810 or 1812, Col. Bull became inter- 
 ested in a project which enlisted the feelings of many of his 
 fellow-citizens in the northern part of the county, viz., the 
 construction of a turnpike-road through the same. This 
 road was designed to run from the Lancaster turnpike, near 
 the Warren tavern, to the base of the Welsh Mountain, 
 near Morgantown ; thence by another company to the Blue 
 Ball, and thence by still another to Lancaster, via New 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 491 
 
 Holland. Associated with Col. Bull in projecting and 
 carrying on this work were Michael Gunkle, John Malin, 
 Mr. Bowen, of the Ship, Isaiah Kirk, Ephraim Allen, and 
 others. The State aided the road by a subscription' of stock, 
 but of course, in the end, fared as did other stockholders. 
 Not proving a paying concern the organization was kept up 
 for a time, but after the lapse of twenty-five or thirty years, 
 the tolls taken being insufficient to maintain it, the'road 
 was abandoned as a turnpike and declared a public high- 
 way. Unfortunate as a speculation, the road is nevertheless 
 regarded by those who live along its line as a great advan- 
 tage to the neighborhood through which it passes, and the 
 public spirit and enterprise of the projectors are fully ap- 
 preciated. 
 
 Under an act of Congress, passed a few years before his 
 death, Col. Bull received a pension of $575 per annum, 
 awarded him for his services in the Revolutionary war. 
 
 He was a sincere believer in the Christian religion, and a 
 vestryman of St. Peter's Episcopal Church, in the Great 
 Valley, worshiping therein when convenient, as he lived 
 many miles therefrom. Upon the ordination of his son, 
 Rev. Dr. Bull, to the ministry he assisted in building and 
 supporting St. Mary's Church, in East Nantmeal (now War- 
 wick) township, and became and continued a member there- 
 of till his death. He also joined in the temperance refor- 
 mation a few years before his death, even foregoing, for the 
 sake of others, the moderate use of wine, to which, as a 
 beverage, he bad been accustomed. His declining years 
 were peaceful, and gently he descended to the tomb in a 
 good old age " as a shock of corn fully ripe in its season." 
 
 Thomas Bull was married Feb. 28, 1771, to Ann Hun- 
 ter, daughter of John and Ann Hunter, of Whiteland, 
 who dying in 1817, he married again in 1819, at the age 
 of 75 years, a widow, Lydia Crowell, of Cape May, N. J., 
 who survived him several years. His children were as 
 follows : 
 
 1. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 19, 1771 ; m. John Smith. 2. 
 Mary, b. July 10, 1774 ; d. Nov. 7, 1798 ; m. Alexander 
 Cobean, late of Gettysburg. 3. Ann, b. Feb. 11, 1776; 
 d. 1850 ; m. Waters Dewees. 4. Martha, b. Feb. 20, 
 1779; d. March 12, 1850; m. James McClintock and 
 Samuel Shafer. 5. Sarah, twin sister of Martha, d. 1817, 
 unmarried. 6. Levi, b. Nov. 14, 1780 ; d. Aug. 2, 1859 ; 
 m. 1808, Ann Jacobs, daughter of Cyrus Jacobs, and 
 Margaretta, daughter of James Old, a sister to Mrs. Robert 
 Coleman, b. 1789 ; d. July 10, 1858. 7. James Hunter, 
 b. Dec. 31, 1782 ; d. Oct. 17, 1797. 8. Margaret, b. Feb. 
 7, 1787 ; m. James Jacobs, son of Cyrus, aud d. about 
 1819, leaving three sons and a daughter, Ann Hunter, 
 mother of Rev. James J. Creigh. 
 
 Levi Bull, D.D., was born Nov. 14, 1780, at Warwick 
 Furnace, in what is now Warwick township. His mother 
 prayed for a man-child, and, in token of having dedicated 
 him, as far as in her lay, to the priesthood, named him 
 Levi. Her wishes and prayers seemed for a long time 
 " frustrated, as his youth, up to manhood, gave no signs of 
 interest in religion. At an early age he entered Dickin- 
 son College, where he graduated in his seventeenth year. 
 He made choice of the law for a profession, and entered the 
 office of James Hopkins, Esq., a lawyer of distinction at 
 
 the bar of Lancaster, with a view of qualifying himself for 
 admission to the bar. While pursuing his law studies, he 
 came to the conclusion that " necessity was laid upon him 
 to preach the gospel," and, abandoning the law, he began a 
 course of study in preparation for the ministry under the 
 direction of Rev. Nathan Grier, of Brandywiue Manor. 
 He entered the ministry of the Episcopal Church, and was 
 by Bishop White ordained deacon in 1805, and priest in 
 1806. His first and last field of labor was the region in 
 which he was born. The social position and public repu- 
 tation of his father, the extraordinary personal qualities of 
 the son, the interesting facts and notoriety of his conversion, 
 his zeal and boldness, drew all minds in these parts to the 
 young preacher. He preached in churches, in court-houses, 
 in school-rooms, and in private houses. He addressed 
 masses of people in public, and also families and indi- 
 viduals in private. All wondered at the life and power 
 ■ffhich appeared in his ministry, and no preacher of that 
 day had ever in those parts made such an impression. In 
 the immediate neighborhood of his father's residence "there 
 was then no church, but a proposal was soon made for the 
 organization of a parish and the building of a house of 
 worship. This resulted in the founding of St. Mary's 
 Church (in what is now Warwick township) in 1805, 
 about a mile from his home. There, with one intermission, 
 he continued to labor till age and other infirmities withdrew 
 him from active duty. The intermission was that of a year 
 at Wilmington, Del., where he was rector of Trinity Church. 
 Deaths of relatives and the difficulty of filling his post in 
 St. Mary's Church induced him to return and resume his 
 first charge. In connection with St. Mary's he had the 
 care of St. Thomas', Morgantown, Berks Co., nine miles 
 from his residence ; Bangor Church, Churchtown, Lancas- 
 ter Co., nine miles from his home ; St. Gabriel's, Morlattan, 
 Berks Co., nine miles distant; and he preached once a 
 month in Pottstown, Montgomery Co., twelve miles away, 
 find very often in Reading and Birdsboro'. Out of his 
 labors grew, besides St. Mary's Church, St. Andrew's, in 
 West Vincent, and St. Mark's, Honeybrook, the one six 
 and the other five miles distant, the last two being off- 
 shoots of St. Mary's Church. The labors which he per- 
 formed were abundant and blessed. He married Ann, 
 daughter of Cyrus Jacobs, Esq., of White Hall, Church- 
 town, Lancaster Co., of which marriage there were fifteen 
 children, all of whom but one lived to adult age, and seven 
 only of whom survived him. Possessed of a competent 
 estate, his house was the seat of a generous hospitality, and 
 he was held by all who knew him in the highest estimation. 
 He was noted for his disinterestedness, and was ever ready 
 to use his ample income for charitable purposes. The title 
 of " Father," given to him in his later years, indicated the 
 respect and confidence of his clerical brethren. He died 
 Aug. 2, 1859, at his residence in Warwick township, in 
 the seventy-ninth year of his age, and was buried in St. 
 Mary's churchyard, in a tomb beside his wife and children, 
 near the walls of the church which more than half a cen- 
 tury before had been founded by his ministry. 
 
 BURGESS, HcGH.— At the town of Reading, England 
 (in which country he was born), Hugh Burgess began ex- 
 perimenting as to the possibility of making use of the pure 
 
492 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 fibre of wood for paper-making in the year 1850, in con- 
 junction with Mr. Charles Watt, an old friend of the cele- 
 brated Dr. Abernethy. In 1851 they succeeded in making 
 a good, pure pulp from wood by their chemical process, and 
 this paper-pulp was converted into good white paper at a 
 paper-mill at Boxmoor, in Hertfordshire. The London 
 Journal printed some numbers of its. weekly issue on this 
 paper, and this was the first paper ever made from wood of 
 such a quality as could be used for printing purposes. In 
 1852, Mr. Burgess was invited to come over to America to 
 introduce the wood-pulp process. He landed in New York 
 City early in 1853, and in the same year was introduced to 
 Mr. M. L. Keen, and with him began to make wood-pulp in 
 the old engine-house of the Wilmington and Philadelphia 
 Railroad, at Gray's Ferry. The paper-pulp made from 
 wood here was manufactured into paper at the paper-mills 
 at Maylandville, close by, and this was the first wood-paper 
 fit for printing ever made in America. In 1854 the paper- 
 mill at Roycr's Ford was started, and at this mill the pro- 
 cess was brought into its present state of completion and 
 perfection. Wood of various kinds, straw, corn-stalks, 
 bamboo, cane, etc., were at this mill used for the manufac- 
 ture of white paper-pulp, but no material has been found 
 so suitable for paper-making purposes as wood. The Roy- 
 er's Ford mill has therefore an unusual historic interest in 
 the paper-making world, and should have to the world in 
 general, since it was at this mill that the paper-making 
 industry was entirely revolutionized and the chemical pro- 
 cess perfected which has rendered the paper-making in- 
 dustry to a great extent independent of the supply of rags, 
 which were yearly getting more and more difiBcult to obtain, 
 as the increasing demand for paper grew faster than the 
 rag supply could keep pace with it. It is doubtful whether 
 ordinary newspaper could be obtained to-day for thirty-five 
 cents a pound if the invention of the manufacture of paper- 
 pulp from wood, etc., had not been made. In 1863 " The 
 American Wood-Paper Company" (of which Mr. Burgess 
 is manager) was incorporated with two million dollars cap- 
 ital, and works on a large scale were put up at Manayunk. 
 These works have the capacity for making about twenty 
 tons of wood-pulp a day, and the Royer's Ford mill turns 
 out about nine tons daily. The wood-pulp made by the 
 " American Wood-Paper Company"' is sent to all parts of 
 the country, and is converted into five grades of paper by 
 the paper-mills in various localities. 
 
 BUTLER, Noble, son of John Butler, of Philadelphia, 
 came to Chester County, and married, 8, 18, 1727, Rachel 
 Jones, of Goshen. A few years later they settled in Uwch- 
 lan township, and were members of Uwchlan Meeting, 
 of which they were both overseers. In 1758, Noble fell 
 under the censure of his friends for discounting notes at a 
 higher percentage than they could approve. A committee 
 appointed in the case reported that the complainant " had 
 a bad bargain, but it was of his own seeking," yet as Noble 
 declared he would do the like again if opportunities pre- 
 sented, he was disowned. He died about the year 1801. 
 His children, so far as known, were, — 1. John, m, 6, 5, 
 1760, to Elizabeth Samuel, of Radnor. 2. Enoch, m. 5, 
 29, 1755, Deborah Swayne. 3. Bathsheba, m. John Mc- 
 Qwen, or McCowan, and removed -to Shearman's Valley. 
 
 4. William, b. 4, 12, 1738; d. 3, 1.% 1821; m. 4, 20, 
 1762, Jane Woodward, daughter of James and Ann 
 (Pyle) Woodward, of West Bradford, b. 8, 3, 1739 ; d. 7, 
 1, 1814. 5. Benjamin. 6. Noble, m. to Susanna, daughter 
 of William Beale, and said to have gone to Kentucky. 
 
 The children of William and Jane Butler were Samuel, 
 James, Amos, Ann, Rachel, Sarah, and William. 
 
 James, born 7, 5, 1767 ; died 6, 27, 1837 ; married, 11, 
 19, 1812, Mary Phipps, daughter of Jonathan and Mary 
 Phipps, of Uwchlan, by whom he liad children, — Jonathan 
 P., Joseph, William, now judge of the United States Dis- 
 trict Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 
 Samuel, now State treasurer, and James. 
 
 Samuel Butler, b. 2, 1, 1825, was raised on a farm, 
 attended the public schools, and afterwards the Unionville 
 Academy, over which that celebrated educator, Jonathan 
 Gause, so long presided. He subsequently taught school eight 
 years in this, Berks, and Butler Counties, and then resumed 
 farming. H is farm is a part of the old Phipps homestead and 
 purchase. In 1876 he was elected to the Lower House of 
 the Legislature, re-elected in 1878, and in 1879 was unani- 
 mously nominated by the State Republican Convention for 
 State treasurer, and at the October election elected by 
 58,000 majority, — the largest given to any candidate of his 
 party on the State ticket since war times. 
 
 He was married in 1849 to Margaretta P. Woodward, 
 from which union three children have blessed them, — Anna, 
 Thomas S., and Henry J. 
 
 CANE, John, and wife Ann, from the county of Armagh, 
 Ireland, were among the early settlers of Londongrove, 
 but John did not long enjoy his new home. His widow is 
 supposed to have married a person by the name of Todd. 
 John Cane's certificate, from Friends of Bellyhagan, was 
 presented to Newark Monthly Meeting 10, 5, 1713. 
 
 John Cane, son of John, deceased, married, 9, 7, 1722, 
 Rachel Malin, daughter of Randall and Mary, of Upper 
 Providence. Ann Cane, his sister, married James Miller 
 in 1722. 
 
 Margaret Cane married John Todd in 1720, and Robert 
 Cane married Ann Dixson in 1730, both probably children 
 of John and Ann. 
 
 CALDWELL, Vincent, came from Derbyshire, Eng- 
 land, about the year 1 699, and brought a certificate to Darby 
 Monthly Meeting, of which, for a time, he was a member. 
 Though a young, unmarried man, he was a preacher of some 
 note, and during his sojourn at Darby made a religious 
 visit to Maryland with the approbation of the meeting. In 
 1703 ho was married to Betty. Peirce, daughter of George 
 Peirce, of Thornbury, and soon after settled in Marlbor- 
 ough, Chester Co., where he died in 1720, aged forty-five 
 years. He continued to be anapproved minister till his 
 death. His wife did not marry ^tigain, though she survived 
 him thirty-seven years, having ' removed to Wilmington a 
 short time before her death, which happened in 1757, in 
 the seventy-seventh, year of her age. She lived an ex- 
 emplary life, attending strictly to her religious duties, and 
 towards its close appeared in the ministry. They had five 
 daughters, viz. : Ann ; Betty, m. to Joel Baily, Jr., 1724 ; 
 Mary, m. to Joseph Gilpin, 1729; Hannah, b. 12, 12, 
 171], m. to John Marshall, 1733; Rutt, m. to George 
 

 AMERICAN WOOD PAPER COMPANY, HUGH BURGESS, MANAGER, SPRING CITY. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 493 
 
 Gilpin, 1737. From these have descended a numerous 
 offspring. • 
 
 CALVERT, William, of Quaker parentage, came from 
 Carlisle, in Cumberland, some time prior to 1759, and was 
 for two or three years a member of Kennet Monthly Meeting, 
 whence he removed to Philadelphia. 
 
 CARLETON, Mark, and family came from Ireland 
 bringing a certificate from Friends of Mountmellick, dated 
 4, 3, 1711. In 1713 his widow, Susannah, married Richard 
 Parks, who settled in Goshen. 
 
 Thomas Carleton, son of Mark and Susanna, was born 
 at Ballyhakin, near Edenderry, 9, 18, 1699, and in 1720 
 settled in Kennet, Chester Co., where he married, 3, 20, 
 1730, Hannah Roberts, widow of Robert, and daughter 
 of William Howell, of Haverford. She was born 5, 17, 
 1689, and died 5, 6, 1758. Thomas died 9, 30, 1792. 
 He and bis wife were active members of Kennet Meeting, 
 and both ministers. Their children were Susanna, who 
 married Michael Harlan, and Thomas, born 8, 21, 1732, 
 died 6, 26, 1803, who married, 10, 26, 1757, Lydia Gregg, 
 daughter of Thomas and Dinah. They had children, — 
 Hannah (married William Passmore), Dinah, Martha, 
 Mark, Sarah, Samuel, Thomas, Lydia (married Abner 
 Mendenhall), Thomas, and Caleb. 
 
 CARLILE, William, came from Ireland about 1763 
 or 1764, when his son William was eight years old, and 
 settled on 310 acres, now at Lincoln University Station, 
 the residence being that of Henry Cope. He married a 
 second wife, the daughter of John Meas, and had a son, 
 John Meas Carlile, who lived on Elk Creek, on land in- 
 herited by his mother. William, Sr., died Jan. 16, 1801, 
 aged 85, and was buried at New London Church. 
 
 William, Jr., entered the army at seventeen, and served 
 in the campaign in New Jersey, at the battle of Trenton, 
 etc. He married Mary, daughter of Col. Taylor, and set- 
 tled on his father's farm, where he died, April 11, 1840, 
 in his 85th year, and his widow, Sept. 2, 1846, at the same 
 age. 
 
 Their children were Elizabeth, who married David Car- 
 lile; Alice, married Gibson Creswell, who bought the 
 homestead ; Jane, married Charles Wilson ; John, born 
 Jan. 10, 1787, died Nov. 24, 1861, married Hannah 
 Steele; William, anmarried. 
 
 John Carlile served in the war of 1812. His wife, 
 Hannah, daughter of John and Ann Steele, of New Lon- 
 don, died Jan. 23, 1832, and he married twice afterwards. 
 His son, John S. Carlile, of Avondale, with his partners, 
 James Watson and William Miller, are manufacturers of 
 agricultural arid other machinery. 
 
 CARMICHAEL, Rev. John, was born in Argyleshire, 
 Scotland, Oct. 17, 1728. His parenis were Donald and 
 Elizabeth Carmichael, who emigrated to this country in 
 1737, and settled near Newark, N. J. John was gradu- 
 ated at Princeton College in 1759, alad was licensed in May 
 of the following year. In April, 1761, he was installed 
 as pastor of the Presbyterln Church of the " Forks of 
 Brahdywine," known in common parlance as Brandywine 
 Manor. He was an earnest, uncompromising friend of 
 American liberty. Some time before the Revolution he 
 devoted his pen, in a series of articles published in the 
 
 papers, calling upon the people, while they should maintain 
 fidelity to their king, to stoutly resist oppression by the 
 English government. In 1775, one year before the Dec- 
 laration of Independence by Congress, at the request of the 
 militia of the town of Lancaster (Capt. Ross' company), 
 he preached a sermon to them against the tyranny and 
 usurpation of the crown of Great Britain. He succeeded 
 in instilling the principles of patriotism into the minds of 
 the people to whom he ministered to such an extent that 
 when they were called upon to serve their country riot a 
 man of them hesitated or faltered. When Congress con- 
 vened in Philadelphia he visited the members personally, 
 urging them to action. As the war went on his activity 
 in the cause was incessant. He and Rev. Robert Smith, 
 of Pequea, were with the army at the battle of Brook- 
 lyn ; and when it lay at Valley Forge he literally stripped 
 his house in supplying its needs. On one such visit, 
 learning from Gen. Washington that they were greatly in 
 need of linen with which to dress the wounds of the sol- 
 diers, he returned home and stated the fact to the people 
 of his charge, observing to the women, " Now, each of 
 you can spare so much linen," measuring off on his arm. 
 In a day or so a large number of small packages of linen 
 were brought to his house, with which he filled two bags, 
 and, mounting his horse, conveyed them to the camp. The 
 timely supply was followed by a letter of grateful thanks 
 from the commander-in-chief. At length the British set a 
 price on his head, and when their army occupied Philadel- 
 phia many attempts were made to take him, which failed, 
 his faithful people keeping scouts out all the time to warn 
 him of danger. In bis family Bible is found this entry : 
 
 "On the 18th of October, 1777, was born to me a son. Since it 
 pleased the great God of Providence to ordain he should be born the 
 very day and hour that Gen. Burgoyne and his whole army had to 
 come forth and ground their arms and resign themselves prisoners of 
 war; as Gen. Gates was the instrument in the hands of a kind and 
 Divine Providence to effect this deliverance; and as our great, judi- 
 cious Commander-in-Chief, General Washington, still continues to 
 persevere amidst many difficulties to head the American army, I 
 thought it my duty, as a memorial of these events, to call my son 
 Washington Gates Carmichael." 
 
 This son entered the United States army at an early age, 
 
 and fell a victim to yellow fever at Fort St. Philip.* John 
 
 Carmichael was thrice married, the last time, in 1775, to a 
 
 daughter of Samuel Blair, of Fagg's Manor. She was the 
 
 . mother of Washington Gates,. above mentioned. 
 
 John Carmichael was an eloquent man and a laborious, 
 faithful minister,— one of the noble band of pioneer cler- 
 gymen of Pennsylvania, whose missionary excursions to 
 preach and baptize often extended fifty or more miles. On 
 one of tjiese excursions, as shown by an entry in his jour- 
 nal, he baptized children of Mr. Bayard, of the w^UHnown 
 Bayard -family, then living in Maryland, near the borders 
 bf Pennsylvania. He died Nov. 15, 1785. His will, 
 which is on record in the register's office of Chester County, 
 contains a synopsis of the doctrines and polity of the Pres- 
 
 » With this officer the male line of Eev. Mr. Carmichael and family 
 name became extinct. There are yet, however, lineal descendants of 
 the blood through female lines : W. W. Nevin, Esq., of Philadelphia ; 
 Rev. Dr^ Robert J. Nevin, of Rome,,Italy ; John Carmichael Jenkins, 
 Esq., of Natchez, Miss.; Mr. John Ca^ichael Nevin, of Philadelphia, 
 and others. 
 
494 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 byterian Church, as given in her standards, and an expres- 
 sion of his belief in them. It is a curious document. 
 
 Dr. John Flavel Carmichael was a son of Rev. 
 John Carmichael, and was born at Brandywine Manor, Oct. 
 14, 1764. After graduating at Philadelphia, he entered 
 the army in 1789 as surgeon's mate. In 1790 he followed 
 the fortunes of Gen. Harmar to the West, and was with him 
 during his campaign. In 1791 he was at the defeat of 
 Gen. St. Clair, where he barely escaped with his life. In- 
 defatigable in the discharge of duty, we find him till 1793 
 braving all the vicissitudes of Indian warfare, when he was 
 commissioned as surgeon in Gen. Wayne's army, or legion, 
 as it was called, where he remained until the death of that 
 brave o£5cer. In 1798 he was ordered to the South, under 
 Gen. Wilkinson, where, after undergoing many privations, 
 hardships, and dangers, he finally settled. It is a remark- 
 able fact that he enjoyed the private confidence of each of 
 the generals under whom he acted, and from the correctness 
 of his judgment and his firm decision of character, he was 
 frequently called upon to perform most important service, ' 
 which invariably redounded to the benefit of the army. In 
 the performance of one of these duties he received an honor- 
 able wound, which he carried to his grave. 
 
 After leaving the army he settled at Cold Spring, Miss., 
 where he practiced his profession, and where he owned and 
 managed a cotton plantation. At the time he settled there 
 the mass of the people of that region were Spanish and 
 French adventurers of the worst class. Over these he ex- 
 erted a controlling influence by his position and unflinch- 
 ing courage and his dignity of character, and the whole 
 country there was deeply indebted to him for bringing the 
 population under the control of law and morality, and 
 giving a tone to society. He also, by his scientific knowl- 
 edge, brought to greater perfection the cotton -planting in- 
 terest. 
 
 The inscription on his tomb thus truthfully portrays his 
 character : 
 
 " This monument covers the remains of John Flavel Carmichael, 
 M.D., who was born in Brandywine Manor, Chester county, Peuna., 
 October 14, 1764, of Scottish and Puritan ancestors, and died in Mis- 
 sissippi, October 21, 1837. As a physician he was eminently skillful, 
 as a soldier he shared in the arduous campaigns of Harmar, St. Clair, 
 and Wayne against the Indians of the Ohio, and served as Surgeon in 
 the American army for 17 years, with honor, patriotism, and courage. 
 As a man he was honored and wept." 
 
 CARPENTER, William, from England, married 
 Margaret, widow of Nathaniel Richards, of New Garden, 
 and daughter of Allen Wiley. In 1746 he purchased 174 
 acres in that township, which he devised to his son John, 
 and died early in the year 1748. His children wore John, 
 Thomas, Sarah, married to Michael Gregg, 12, 11, 1755, 
 and Albina. 
 
 John Carpenter, married at Kennet Meeting, 5, 2, 1759, 
 Hannah Walter, daiighter of Joseph and Jane, of Kennet, 
 born 8, 30, 1741 ; died 5, 15, 1800. John died 3, 1, 
 1810, aged 76. His children wereas follows : 1. William, 
 b. 10, 10, 1761 ; d. 7, 31, 1797 ; m. Rachel Carter. 2. 
 Joseph, b 1, 30, 1763; d. 10, 1, 1820; m. Rebecca 
 Powell. 3. Albina, b. 12, 29, 1765 ; m. Jesse Morgan. 
 4. Hannah, b. 1, 4, 1768; m. John Jefi'eris. 5.- Phebe, 
 b. 1770; m. Dr. Abraham Baily. 6. Jane, b. 11,24, 
 
 1772; m. William Webb. 7. Margaret, b. 1, 9, 1775; 
 m. Joshua Powell. 8. John, b. 2^10, 1777. 9. Isaac, b. 
 
 5, 5, 1779 ; d. 7, 23, 1833 ; m. Hannah Beaumont. 10. 
 Rachel, b. 12, 3, 1782 ; m. Dr. Abraham Baily. 11. 
 Cyrus, b. 8, 12, 1785 ; d. 11, 26, 1864 ; m. Sarah Worth- 
 ington. 
 
 Thomas Carpenter married Esther, daughter of Francis 
 Trumble. He died 2, 1, 1815, aged 76, and she 8, 15, 
 1813, aged 73 years. 
 
 Francis Carpenter, their son, born 2, 25, 1771, died 10, 
 
 6, 1857, married, 10, 15, 1795, Sarah Baily, who was 
 born 10,30, 1768, and died 5, 12, 1834, daughter of John 
 and Hannah Baily, of Newlin. They resided in West Brad- 
 ford, and had children, — Esther, Thomas, Sarah, Francis 
 T., Edwin, Moses S., Albina B., and Hannah, who married 
 John Worth, of East Bradford. 
 
 CARTER, Edward, of Aston, in the parish of Bamp- 
 ton, Oxfordshire, England, came to Pennsylvania in 1682, 
 and settled in Aston township, Chester Co. The name of 
 his wife was Margaret, and they had an only son, Robert, 
 who married Lydia Walley in 1688, and had children, — 
 Prudence, b. 11, 6, 1689, m. Caleb Pusey, Jr., of Marl- 
 borough ; John, b. 4, 8, 1691, d. 2, 21, 1693 ; Hannah, b. 
 12, 22, 1692, m. Stephen Harlan; Lydia, m. Joseph Coe- 
 bourn, Jr., 3, 22, 1718; John, m. 1716 to Isabell Atkin- 
 son ; Edward ; Mary, m. to Thomas Harlan in 1720. 
 
 George Carter, " late of Bucklebury, in Berkshire, 
 England," purchased a farm in 1714 on the Brandywine, 
 at what was afterwards called Jefferis' Ford, where he died 
 aboiit the close of the year 1726. The maiden name of 
 his wife, according to tradition, was Elizabeth Tull. She 
 married a second husband, James Jefi'eris, March 3, 1728. 
 The children of George Carter were five in number, — 
 Anna, m. William Mack ; George, m. Lydia Worth ; Ra- 
 chel, b. 1719, m. Abraham Marshall and Richard Baker; 
 Elizabeth, m. Samuel Worth ; John, b. 11, 26, 1723, d. 6, 
 14, 1770, m. Hannah Cope, 2, 10, 1746. 
 
 George Carter, Jr., inherited the " upper plantation," of 
 260 acres, in East Bradford. He married, 4, 19, 1744, 
 Lydia, daughter of Thomas Worth, his next neighbor ; she 
 was born 9, 22, 1721, and died 6, 20, 1780. George was 
 buried 6, 23, 1783. His children were, — 1. Thomas, b. 6, 
 23, 1745. 2. George, b. 8, 21, 1747 ; d. 9, 3, 1813. 3. Jo- 
 seph, b. 10, 5, 1749. 4. Mary, b. 6, 21, 1753. 5. Eliza- 
 beth, b. 2, 5, 1756. 6. Lydia, b. 9, 24, 1758; m. Isaac 
 Davis. 7. Rachel, b. 6, 3, 1761 ; m. William Carpenter. 
 8. Rebecca, b. 4, 23, 1764. 
 
 Of these George inherited the homestead, upon which he 
 continued to reside. His wife, Ruth, daughter of George 
 and Martha Martin, was born 1, 28, 1757, ind died 10, 19, 
 1843. Their children were Margaret, Emmor, Lydia, 
 George, Joseph (married to Minerva W^bb), Martha, 
 Rebecca, and Ruth (married to Milton Marshall).- 
 
 The land was divided between the three sons, but is now 
 owned by the Worth family. 
 
 CHADS, Francis {Chadsey, as the name was often 
 written, or Chadsi, as he appears to have signed himself in 
 1688), doubtless came from Wiltshire, England, and settled 
 in Chichester in 1 684. The name of his first wife is be- 
 lieved to have been Hester, but it is not known that she left 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 495 
 
 children. In 1695 he married Grace, daughter of Francis 
 Stanfield, of Marple, and probably settled soon after on the 
 Brandywine, at the ford which bears the family name. There 
 he built a mill, perhaps in 1707, as there was difficulty be- 
 tween him and his neighbors at that time, presumably about 
 the dam or water-right. The mill was there in 1710, but it 
 appears in after-years to have gone down and the site was 
 forgotten. When the foundations of the present mill were 
 dug some timbers were found which were pronounced to be 
 a part of the old structure. 
 
 Francis Chads died about 1713, and his widow married, 
 7, 16, 1714, Gayen Stevenson. Their children were 
 Sarah, m. Feb. 12, 1714, Mordecai Cloud; John; Grace, 
 m. Thomas Clayton, 1724 ; Betty, m. William Pyle ; Ann, 
 
 m. Peterson ; Francis, who died young or unmarried. 
 
 John Chads married, 8, 2, 1729, Elizabeth,.daughter of 
 Isaac and Catharine Richardson, of Whiteland, and prob- 
 ably built the old stone house at the north end of the vil- 
 lage of Chads' Ford. In 1736 he established a ferry on 
 ■ the creek, and brought in a bill of £30 to the commission- 
 ers in the following year for building a " fflatt or Schowe." 
 From the items in this and later bills it appears that a large 
 cable-rope was stretched across the creek, and a windlass 
 used to pull the boat back and forth. In 1760, just before 
 his death, John Chads brought in a bill for rebuilding the 
 boat, and among other items charges " for wood to burn y° 
 old boat and y' trouble of ditto, £1." He died in the 10th 
 or 11th month, 1760, leaving no children, but dividing his 
 property among his relatives, of whom Joseph Davis, who 
 married his niece, Hannah Cloud, appears to have been the 
 favorite. He was licensed to keep a tavern in connection 
 with the ferry in September, 1736, and continued in the 
 business a few years, but in 1746 he was succeeded by his 
 brother-in-law, James House, and though he continued to 
 own the property he did not keep the tavern. Amos Har- 
 vey followed House in 1752, and Henry Hayes came next 
 in 1757. 
 
 His widow continued to reside in the old stone house, to 
 which were attached 40 acres of land separate from the 
 tavern, and at the time of the Revolution her nephew, 
 Amos House, lived with her and farmed the land. She 
 died about 1791. 
 
 This name is generally and incorrectly written Chadds, 
 but the signature of John Chads shows the latter spelling 
 to be correct. 
 
 CHALFANT, John, obtained a warrant, 10, 22, 1701, 
 for 250 acres of land in Rockland Manor, where he had set- 
 tled two years previously. This was in what is now the 
 lower part of Birmingham. He died in August, 1725, 
 leaving sons, John and Robert. John, Jr., died about 
 1730, leaving sons, John, Solomon, and Robert, who ap- 
 pear to have been then grown up. 
 
 The children of Robert, Sr., were Mary, b. Nov. 26, 
 
 1713, m. to Shields; Elizabeth, b. Dec. 29, 1715, 
 
 m- Barnet ; Robert, b. Aug. 28, 1718, died young; 
 
 Thomas, b. Jan. 13, 1721, died young; Ruth, b. Oct. 15, 
 
 1723, m. to Frame, ancestor of the late Robert 
 
 Frame, of Birmingham ; Robert, b. Feb. 12, 1725 ; Thomas, 
 b. March 2, 1729. The father died in 1767, leaving a 
 widow, Martha. 
 
 Robert Chalfant, supposed a son of John, Jr., married 
 first Ann Bentley, daughter of John and Mary Bentley, 
 of Newlin, and settled on land in that township. A house, 
 said to have been built in 1732, upon which were their 
 initials, was torn down about 1864 by George Young, the 
 present owner of the property. Ann (Bentley) Chalfant 
 left children, — John, Mary (Bonnal), Jane (Few), Ann 
 (Ligget), Robert, and Elizabeth (Quay). The father mar- 
 ried a second wife, Elizabeth, by whom he had children, — 
 Jesse, Joseph, and Jonathan. He died in 1792. 
 
 Whether all of the name are descended from the John 
 first mentioned is unknown. Of course there is the usual 
 tradition of " three brothers" in this case. 
 
 Henry Chalfant, son of John, of West Marlborough, 
 married, 8, 15, 1740, at Londongrove Meeting, Elizabeth 
 Jackson, daughter of Thomas and Ann, and had children, 
 —1. Jonathan, b. 4, 8, 1743; m. Ann Barnard, 12, 24, 1777. 
 2. Thomas, b. 11, 20, 1745-6; m. Phebe Hayes, 4,5, 
 1775. 3. Henry, b. 5, 1, 1748; m. Susanna Swayne, 
 5, 17, 1775. 4. Ann, b. 12, 12, 1750-1. Elizabeth, b. 
 2, 2, 1754 ; m. Joseph Dickinson. 6. Jacob, b. 1, 11, 1758 ; 
 
 m. Barnard and McCorkle. 7. Mary, b. 8, 8, 
 
 1760. 8. Abner,b.ll,16, 1762. 9. Caleb, b. 2, 7, 1766 ; 
 m. Mary Dickinson, 5, 25, 1796. 
 
 David Chalfant, of Pennsbury, son of Thomas, mar- 
 ried, 10, 30, 1783, Frances Dowdall, daughter of John and 
 Mary, of Marlborough. They had one son, Goodwin Chal- 
 fant, born 9, 8, 1788, who married Hannah Windle, 10, 
 14, 1812, and resided in East Marlborough. Their children 
 were David W., deceased ; William, living near Unionville ; 
 Sidney, m. to Edwin James, of East Bradford ; Jane, m. 
 to Joseph Dowdall, of New Garden ; Lydia, m. to Thomas 
 F. Seal, of Unionville. 
 
 David Chalfant, the grandfather, died 10, 3, 1832, aged 
 72 years, 2 months, 16 days; and his widow, 7, 4, 1840, 
 aged 85 years, 8 months, 13 days. 
 
 William Chalfant married Esther Baker, daughter 
 of Aaron and Mary, of West Marlborough, and had ten 
 children, — Mary, Martha, Esther, Aaron, Phebe, Alice, 
 William, Sarah, Elizabeth, and Susan, — all of whom were 
 married, and several of them went West. Aaron bought a 
 farm in Londonderry in 1796, where he died, Aug. 29, 
 1808. His wife was a daughter of John Wilson, who 
 married a Todd. William Chalfant, son of Aaron, born in 
 April, 1798, is now living at or near Chesterville, in Frank- 
 lin township. 
 
 CHAM BERLIN, Robert, of Concord, was the son of 
 Elizabeth, wife of Francis Hickman, by a former husband, 
 and was doubtless born in the neighborhood of Marlbor- 
 ough, in Wiltshire, England. Some of Elizabeth's chil- 
 dren came to this country in advance of their mother. The 
 latter, in her will, 1698, mentions her sons-in-law, Richard 
 Ridgway, Richard Arnold, and Charles Jones, who must 
 have married Chamberlins. 
 
 Robert and Mary Chambcrlin had the following chil- 
 dren : 1. Susanna, b. 7, 13, 1691 ; m. John Pyle. 2. John, 
 b. 10, 1, 1692. 3. Robert, b. 8, 17, 1694. 4. Mary, b. 
 10, 21, 1698 ; m. Daniel Pyle. 5. Jacob, b. 2, 30, 1702. 
 6. Joseph. 
 
 John Chamberlin (2) married, 10, 21, 1721, at Concord 
 
496 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Meeting, Lattice, daughter of Moses Key, and lived in 
 Aston, where he died in 1732. His widow married 
 Thomas Vernon in 1734. John's children were Mary, b. 
 4, 1, 1723, m. Joseph Baker and Andrew McCoy; Wil- 
 liam, b. 11, 24, 1724, m., 9, 16, 1748, to Martha Palmer 
 (see genealogy of Palmer family) ; Elizabeth, b. 4, 25, 
 1726, m. William Hughes; John, b. 12, 12, 1728, m. Jane 
 Thompson; Isaac, b. 6, 25, 1729; Ann, b. 11, 21, 1731, 
 m. Charles Ryan. 
 
 Robert Chamberlin (3) married first Sarah Woodward, 
 and second Cicely , and died in Concord in the win- 
 ter of 1731-32, leaving children, — Jacob, Susanna, Robert, 
 John, and James. 
 
 Joseph Chamberlin (6) married, 2, 19, 1726, Susanna, 
 daughter of Joseph and Lydia Sharpless, of Middletown, 
 and settled on a farm in Concord. They had three chil- 
 dren, — Mary, Hannah, married to Robert Pennell, and 
 Benjamin, who married Elizabeth Mercer. 
 
 CHAMBERLAIN, Jonas, came from Ireland, bringing 
 a certificate from Friends of Edenderry, dated 11, 5, 1731, 
 and settled in Sadsbury, Lancaster Co. He married, 8, 9, 
 1734, Jane, daughter of Alexander Bane, of Goshen. He 
 died 9, 8, 1771, and his widow 3, 4, 1777. Their children 
 were Joshua, Hannah, Jane, Mary, Hannah, Jonas, Joseph, 
 William, and Jane. 
 
 Joshua married, 11, 24, 1756, Mary, and Jonas married, 
 12, 3, 1766, Elizabethl daughters of Joseph Powel, of Sads- 
 bury, Chester Co., and had each large families. 
 
 CHAMBERS, John, son of William, born Dec. 28, 
 1662, died 10, 7, 1730, married (for first wife, it is pre- 
 sumed) Elizabeth Austwick, baptized May 24, 1658, daugh- 
 ter of Philip Austwick. 
 
 John Chambers, " of Acaster (?) Selby, in the county of 
 the city of York," yeoman, and Deborah Dobson, daughter 
 of Richard Dobson, deceased, of ToUerton, in the county 
 of York, were married April 13, 1699. 
 
 John Chambers and family brought a certificate from 
 Friends of- York, England, dated 1, 6, 1712-3, which was 
 presented in Philadelphia, after which they went over into 
 New Jersey for a time. In 1715 they settled on White 
 Clay Creek, in the edge of New Castle County, on a farm 
 known then and since as the " Hopyard." Deborah Cham- 
 bers died 4, 24, 1731. 
 
 The children of John Chambers were as follows : 1. John, 
 b. April 20, 1690 ; d. 2, 2, 1717. 2. William, b. March 
 17, 1692; d. 3, 30, 1761. 3. Richard, b. June 20, 1700. 
 4. Joseph, b. Feb. 5, 1704. 5. Mary, b. Jan. 7 (?), 1707 ; 
 m. Samuel Jackson, of Marlborough. 
 
 William Chambers married, 8, 22, 1729, Elizabeth, 
 daughter of John and Mary Miller, of New Garden ; she 
 was born 1704, and died 2, 18, 1783. They lived in 
 White Clay Creek hundred, and had the following children : 
 6. William, b. 6, 8, 1731 ; d. 8, 11, 1735. 7. Mary, b. 
 11, 27, 1732; m. James WoUaston and Robert Johnson. 
 8. Deborah, b. 9, 6, 1734; d. 3, 12, 1760. 9. Joseph, b. 
 4, 25, 1736; d. 6, 5, 1742. 10. William, twin with Jo- 
 seph, d. 9, 27, 1760. 11. John, b. 1, 4, 1738. 12. 
 Elizabeth, b. 11, 4, 1740 ; d. 5, 27, 1742. 13. Hannah, 
 b. 8, 14, 1741 ; d. 6, 7, 1742. 14. Elizabeth, b. 5, 14, 
 1743; m. Daniel Thompson. 15. Joseph, b. 1, 23, 1745. 
 
 Richard Chambers (3) married, 4, 19, 1729, Elinor, sis- 
 ter of William's wife, and had children, — 16. John, b. 1, 
 26, 1730. 17. Mary, b. 7, 13, 1731. 18. Martha, b. 
 10th mo., 1736. 19. Sarah, b. 11, 20, 1740. 20. Samuel, 
 b. 1, 8, 1742. 21. Hannah, b. 2, 6, 1744. 22. Benjamin. 
 23. Joshua. 
 
 John Chambers (11) married, 12, 15, 1762, Rebecca, 
 daughter of Joshua Johnson, of Londongrove, and proba- 
 bly settled in that township. Their children were William, 
 Joshua, Elizabeth, Caleb, Mary, Sarah, David, and Phebe. 
 William married Susanna Pusey, 11, 17, 1790, and was the 
 father of John P. Chambers, whose sons, Edwin (deceased) 
 and Cyrus, are well known as inventors and machinists. 
 
 Joseph Chambers (15) married, 5, 21, 1767, Amy, 
 daughter of James Thompson, and had a son Joseph, who 
 married, 11, 16, 1809, Deborah Phillips, and resided in 
 New Garden. His children were Lydia, Amy, Mary Ann, 
 Mahlon, Joseph P., Deborah, and Sarah. 
 
 John Chambers (16) married Sarah, daughter of David 
 and Rachel (Harris) Black, and had children, — Joshua, 
 Newton, Isaac, Elinor, Richard, b. 8, 16, 1775, d. 8, 17, 
 1863; Deborah, John, and David. Richard's children 
 were Sarah, Margaret, John W., Caroline, David M., Eliz- 
 abeth, and Richard. 
 
 CHANDLEE, Benjamin, son of William Chandlee, of 
 Kilmore, in the county of Kildare, Ireland, came to Phila- 
 delphia, and learned the trade of a clock and watchmaker 
 with Abel Cottey, whose daughter Sarah he married, 3, 25, 
 1710, and about 1715 settled on a tract of land in Notting- 
 ham which had belonged to her father; There ho built a 
 smithy and made brass cow-bells, then much needed. In 
 1741 they sold the property and removed to Wilmington, 
 where he died about 1745. 
 
 The children of Benjamin and Sarah were Mary, m. to 
 Neal McCaskey ; Cottey, d. 10, 9, 1807, aged ninety-four 
 years, 5 months, 21 days; William, m. Mary Elgar; Ben- 
 jamin, m., in 1750, Mary, daughter of Goldsmith Edward 
 Folwell, of Wilmington. He settled in the village at Brick 
 Meeting, and with his brother Cottey manufactured clocks, 
 compasses, etc. 
 
 CHANDLER, George, the ancestor of the family in 
 this county, left his home at Greathodge, in Wiltshire, 
 England, in 1687, with his wife Jane and seven children, 
 — Jane, George, Thomas, Swithin, William, Charity, and 
 Ann. The father died at sea on the 13th of December in 
 that year, but before the close of the following year his 
 widow found a second husband, William Hawkes, of Chi- 
 chester, (now) Delaware Co. John Chandler, a brother of 
 the elder George, came perhaps at the same time, but does 
 not appear to have had a family. His home in England 
 was at Oare, in the parish of Wilcott. The early records 
 of that parish show that the Chandlers were an old family 
 there. In 1602, John, the son of Thomas Chandler, was 
 baptized, and in 1613, William, the son of Swithin Chand- 
 ler. April 8, 1633, George, the son of John and Annie 
 Chandler, was baptized. This may have been the emi- 
 grant, but it is uncertain. Swithin Chandler, son of the 
 latter, was born 6, 24, 1674. 
 
 Jane Chandler, Jr., married Robert Jefferis, of Chiches- 
 ter, afterwards of East Bradford, Chester Co. George, Jr., 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 497 
 
 married Ruth Bezer, and remained in Chichester, where he 
 
 died in 1714. Swithin married Ann , and settled in 
 
 Birmingham township, on the Brandywine, but subse- 
 quently removed to Christiana Hundred, Del. William 
 married Ann Bowater, and after some years settled in Lon- 
 dongrove township, where he died in 1746. Thomas mar- 
 ried Mary Mankin, and settled on the Brandywine, in Bir- 
 mingham. He left no children, but made his nephew 
 Thomas, son of William, his principal heir. Charity prob- 
 ably died young. Ann married Samuel Robins, and died 
 in Philadelphia, 8, 10, 1758. 
 
 As far as has been ascertained, the following are the 
 names and births of the children : 
 
 Of Jane : Patience, Charity, William, James, Robert, 
 George, Jane, Anne, Mary, Benjamin, Thomas, John. 
 
 Of George : George, Ruth, John, Isaac, Rachel, Su- 
 sanna, and others. 
 
 Of Swithin : Jacob, b. 2, 9, 1705 ; Charity, b. 1, 20, 
 1707; Ann, b. 2, 1, 1709; Jane, b. 3, 11, 1711; Sarah, 
 b. 3, 20, 1713; Swithin, b. 10, 1, 1715; Thomas, b. 10, 
 3, 1718; Margaret, b. 5, 6, 1721 ; Mary, b. 5, 18, 1723; 
 Phebe, b. 3,31, 1726; Betty, b. 1,25, 1729; Hannah, 
 b. 4, 4, 1732. 
 
 Of William: Jane, b. 3, 1, 1713; Lydia, b. 8, 2, 
 1714; Samuel, b. 3, 17, 1716; William, b. 2, 20, 1718; 
 John, b. 1, 20, 1719-20 ; Ann, b. 12, 27, 1721 ; Thomas, 
 b. 6, 11,1794; Moses, Mary. 
 
 Of Ann : Sarah and others. 
 
 CHARLTON. — This family is supposed to have settled 
 first in Maryland, where Edward Charlton owned an estate, 
 in Prince George's County, which prior to 1739 bore the 
 name of " Charleton Forest." Thomas Charlton, of Lon- 
 donderry, died in 1743, leaving a wife, Alice, and children, 
 — John, Thomas, Arthur, Poynton, Isabella, Ann, Jane, 
 Elinor, Mary, and Lettice, — some of whom were then mar- 
 ried. Henry Charlton, of the same township, died in 1745, 
 leaving a wife, Isabella, and children, — Thomas, John, 
 Edward, Henry, Lettice, — and son-in-law, John Charlton. 
 
 The property now in possession of Thomas M. Charlton, 
 near Penn Station, is held by deed from Christiana Guli- 
 elma Penn, dated 1758. 
 
 CHEYNEY, John, the ancestor of this family, died in 
 Middletown township in 1722, leaving two sons, John and 
 Thomas. These became the owners of 1500 acres in 
 Thornbury in 1724, and some of the land still remains in 
 the family. 
 
 John Cheyney, Jr., married Ann, daughter of Benjamin 
 and Ann Hickman, and died about 1745, leaving five chil- 
 dren,— Thomas, b. Dec. 12, 1731, d. Jan. 12, 1811 ; John, 
 b. June 20, 1733, d. Oct. 8, 1806; Joseph, b. Jan. 12, 
 1735, d. Aug. 10, 1794; Mary, b. Feb. 1, 1737, d. Sept. 
 30, 1820 ; Richard, b. March 23, 1739, d. June 17, 1791. 
 
 Thomas Cheyney married Elizabeth Hickman, a sister 
 of his brother's wife, and died August, 1728. His chil- 
 dren were Mary, and Ann, b. Feb. 21, 1727-8, m. to 
 James Jefferis. 
 
 Thomas Cheyney, son of John and Ann, m. in 1755 
 
 Mary Taylor, widow of Philip, and daughter of John and 
 
 Margaret Riley, of Marcus Hook, formerly of England. 
 
 She died in 1766, and in 1769 he married Mary, widow of 
 
 63 
 
 Abraham Vernon, and daughter of William Bennett. She 
 died July 9, 1819. His children were Ann, Lucy (m. 
 Benjamin Hickman), Richard, Mary, John, Alice (m. 
 Francis Hickman), Elizubeth (m. James Hickman), and 
 William. 
 
 He was a justice of the peace, and an earnest Whig in 
 the time of the Revolution (sec p. 70), and one of the 
 most intelligent and progressive farmers of his day. He 
 was known far and near as Squire Cheyney. He was 
 buried in the family graveyard, a short distance northward 
 from Cheyney Station. 
 
 Joseph Cheyney, his brother, married Edith Menden- 
 hall, and had thirteen children, of whom the youngest was 
 named Waldron, in remembrance of relatives of that name 
 in England. 
 
 Mary Cheyney, daughter of John, married Richard 
 Rileiy, Esq., of Marcus Hook. 
 
 Richard Cheyney, the youngest son, married Mary, 
 daughter of John Hannum, of Concord, and had children, 
 — John, William, Charles, Jane, Elizabeth, and Mary. 
 
 CHURCHMAN, John, from Saffron Waldon,in Essex, 
 England, came to Pennsylvania about the year 1682, being 
 then about 17 years of age. A relative, George Church- 
 man, also came hither, and in 1689 was complained of by 
 Chester Monthly Meeting for coining money. Susanna 
 Churchman, of Chester township, married, 9, 26, 1690, 
 Joseph Coebourn, and George and John Churchman were 
 among the witnesses. 
 
 John was married in 1696 to Hannah Cerie, daughter 
 of Thomas and Sarah Cerie, formerly of Oxford, in Ox- 
 fordshire, England, who is said to have come over in the 
 same vessel, being then 'about six years old. Her father 
 
 died in 1683, and her mother was married again to 
 
 Buzby. John and Hannah were among the first settlers in 
 Nottingham, where he died in 1724, and she 9, 22, 1759. 
 Their children were ten in number, — George, b. 7, 13, 
 1697, d. 4, 29, 1767 ; Dinah, b. 6, 7, 1699, m. Messer 
 Brown ; Susanna, b. 7, 13, 1701, m. William Brown ; John, 
 b. 8, 29, 1703, d. 9, 8, 1703; John (2), b. 6, 4, 1705, d. 
 
 7, 24, 1775; Thomas, b. 11, 16, 1707-8, d. 4, 8, 1788; 
 Miriam, b. 8, 25, 1710, m. to James Brown; Edward, b. 
 9, 14, 1713, d. 12 mo. 1732-3; Sarah, b. 3, 17, 1716, d. 
 
 8, 2, 1750, m. Joseph Trimble; William, b. 11, 29, 1720, 
 m. Abigail Brown. 
 
 John Churchman, Jr , married, 11, 27, 1729, Margaret 
 Brown, daughter of William and Esther. They were both 
 ministers, and he spent upwards of four years on a reli- 
 gious visit to Great Britain. Margaret died 7, 28, 1770, 
 about the 64th year of her age. Their only son, George, 
 was born 8, 28, 1730, and died 11, 18, 1814. He mar- 
 ried, 5, 28, 1752, Hannah, daughter of Mordecai and 
 Gainor James, who was born 1, 11, 1728, and died 10, 16, 
 1789. 
 
 They had ten children, — John, Mordecai, Edward, Mi- 
 cajah, Margaret, Gainer, George, Joseph, Hannah, and 
 Hannah (2). 
 
 Several members of the family were surveyors, but the 
 most ingenious in this line was John, the son of George, 
 born in East Nottingham, 5, 29, 1753. 
 
 About the year 1778 he executed a map of the peniri- 
 
498 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 sula between the bays of Delaware and Chesapeake, in- 
 cluding the State of Delaware and the eastern shore of 
 Maryland and Virginia. 
 
 About the year 1790 he constructed a Variation Chart 
 or Magnetic Atlas, and a Stereographic Projection of the 
 Spheres, on a Plane of the First Magnetic Meridian, on a 
 new plan, with a book of explanation, on which account he 
 met with violent opposition from some characters of emi- 
 nence in the learned world (as appears by publications yet 
 extant), who could not relish that an obscure and self- 
 taught genius should acquire ideas that had so long es- 
 caped the penetration of men who had long been familiar 
 with the illuminations of science. 
 
 But whilst he was thus persecuted in the land of his na- 
 tivity, he maintained an encouraging correspondence with 
 Sir Joseph Banks, Esq., Bart., President of the Royal So- 
 ciety of London, H. Parker, Secretary of the Commission 
 of Longitude ; also with the commissioners and secretaries 
 of several learned societies and academies at Hamburg, 
 Prussia, St. Petersburg, Copenhagen, Lisbon, Cambridge, 
 Paris, etc., and with George Washington, Thomas Jeffer- 
 son, and other liberal-minded men in America, who were 
 pleased to say they highly approved of his laudable design 
 of improving magnetic observations; that they acknowl- 
 edged the originality and usefulness of his ideas and 
 schemes; that the subject would derive no small increase 
 from his ingenious works; that it was a work of great 
 merit, and might be of use in. navigation ; that they ad- 
 vised him to pursue with diligence a subject wherein his 
 progress authorized a reasonable hope that science would 
 derive real increase, etc. 
 
 In 1792 he embarked on a voyage to England and 
 France, in order to pursue his researches, as also with a 
 view to apply his scheme to find the longitude at sea. He 
 returned about the year 1796. 
 
 Having received invitation from a learned society in 
 Russia, he visited Copenhagen, and thence to St. Peters- 
 burg, where he met with great attention, was elected mem- 
 ber of the Imperial Academy of Arts and Sciences, and 
 received a golden medal with the diplomatic honors thereof. 
 
 He arrived in London in the year , still pursuing 
 
 his studies with undeviating diligence. He received a 
 silver medal from a society as an acknowledgment of some 
 ingenious topographical discoveries. 
 
 Sitting up late one night at his accustomed labors, he 
 was found fallen in a paralytic affection, from which, after 
 a few months, he so far recovered as to embark for home in 
 the ship " William Murdoch," Capt. Horn. 
 
 He never arrived, but died at sea, in the ship, 17th of 
 the 7th month, 1805, aged about fifty years. 
 
 CLAYTON, William, with his family, arrived in the 
 ship " Kent" from London, in company with certain com- 
 missioners sent out by the proprietors of New Jersey to 
 purchase lands from the Indians, etc. In 1678-9 (March) 
 he purchased the share of Hans Oelson, one of the original 
 grantees of Marcus Hook, and settled at that place. As a 
 Quaker, he was an active and consistent member, and like- 
 wise took a part in political affairs. He was a member of 
 Governor Markham's Council, and also of that of the pro- 
 prietary after his arrival, while at the same time he served 
 
 as one of the justices of the court of Upland County, and 
 subsequently for that of Chester County, presiding at the 
 first court held in Pennsylvania under the proprietary gov- 
 ernment. He died in 1689, leaving a widow, Prudence, 
 and the following children, if not more : Prudence, m. to 
 Henry Reynolds, 11, 10, 1678; Honour, m. to James 
 Browne, 6, 8, 1679 ; William, m. to Elizabeth Bezer, 1682; 
 and Mary, to John Beals, in the same year. 
 
 William Clayton, Jr., died in Chichester about 1727, 
 leaving a widow, Elizabeth, and children, — William, Rich- 
 ard, Rachel, married to Thomas Howell, Edward, Ambrose, 
 Thomas, and Abel. His daughter Elizabeth, born 5, 12, 
 1685, is not mentioned in his will, but she married Daniel 
 Davis in 1705. 
 
 William (3) married Mary, daughter of Walter Mar- 
 ten, of Chichester, and died about December, 1757. His 
 children were Mary, m. to Nineveh Carter; William, m. 
 Mary Evans, of Uwchlan ; Lydia, m. John Spruce and 
 Abraham Carter ; Sarah, m. John Phipps ; Moses ; Pru- 
 dence, m. to John Ford ; Patience, m. to Henry Grubb ; 
 and David. 
 
 Edward Clayton married, 12, 25, 1713, Ann Whitaker, 
 daughter of" James, and settled in Bradford, on the south- 
 west side of the present village of Marshallton. The 
 Friends' Meeting property is a part of the land. He died 
 about 1760. His children were John, Elizabeth, Hannah, 
 m. Robert Green; Joshua, b. 1, 8, 1725; William, b. 
 about 1728, d. 4, 16, 1814 ; Sarah, m. Joseph Thornbury ; 
 and Susanna, m. to Isaac Spackman. 
 
 Joshua married, 5, 16, 1753, Martha Baker, daughter 
 of Aaron and Mary, of West Marlborough, and continued 
 to reside on a part of his father's land. His children were 
 Aaron, b. 4, 2, 1754, m. 6, 9, 1779, to Sarah Baily ; Mary, 
 m. Enoch Speakman ; Joshua; Samuel, m. Ann Speak- 
 man ; Hannah, m. Amos Speakman ; Jacob, Martha, Caleb, 
 Rachel, Susanna, and Isaac. 
 
 William Clayton, son of Edward, married, 3, 24, 1750, 
 Abigail Woodward, daughter of Henry and Mary, of East 
 Bradford; second wife, Mary, died 3, 8, 1825. Their 
 daughter Ann died 4, 7, 1825; son James, 9, 1, 1827, 
 aged 49 ; and son Thomas, 12, 20, 1864, aged about 85. 
 
 CLEAVER, Isaac, married (about 1794) Ann Sturges, 
 and settled near "King of Prussia," in Montgomery 
 County. He was a blacksmith, and had the following chil- 
 dren : Lydia, Ann, Hannah, Hiram, Samuel, Phineas, 
 Catharine, John, and Sarah, all of whom save John lived 
 to a good old age. About 1822 the father and mother, with 
 four of their children, accompanied Rev. Thomas Roberts, 
 pastor of the Great Valley Baptist Church, Tredyffrin 
 township, and some others, as missionaries to the Cherokee 
 Indians in Virginia, returning after an absence of about 
 two years. Isaac died in March, 1828, aged 60 years, 
 and Ann, his wife, August, 1836, aged 63. Hiram, the 
 first son, married Jane, daughter of Enoch Abraham, No- 
 vember, 1832, and for a number of years followed his oc- 
 cupation, blacksmithing, at the Spread Eagle shops, Radnor, 
 Pa. After the death of his father-in-law he purchased of 
 the estate the homestead farm, on the Lancaster turnpike, 
 one mile east of Spread Eagle. The railroad built by the 
 State — now Pennsylvania Railroad — passed through the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 499 
 
 property, upon which there was a station named for the 
 owner, Hiram Cleaver. This farm he owned until 1869, 
 when he sold it to J. Henry Askin, who had. purchased a 
 tract of several hundred acres adjacent to the railroad sta- 
 tion, the name of which he had changed to Wayne. Jane, 
 wife of Hiram Cleaver, died April, 1854, and in 1856 he 
 married Sarina D., daughter of John Jones, of Tredyffrin 
 township. He served as representative in the Legislature, 
 session of 1857 and 1858. He was also fifteen years jus- 
 tice of the peace in Radnor township. After the sale of 
 his Radnor township farm, he purchased one of J. P. Hut- 
 chinson, known as " Cottage Home," one-fourth of a mile 
 north of Leopard, in Easttown township, which was his 
 residence until the time of his death, July, 1877, aged 76 
 years. 
 
 Isaac Abraham Cleaver was the only child of the 
 last named who lived to manhood. He was born on the 
 farm in Radnor, May 12, 1843, and was educated at the 
 common schools, of which his father had long been a di- 
 rector. Sept. 11, 1861, at the age of eighteen, he enlisted, 
 with several other members of the Great Valley Baptist 
 Church, in Co. C, 97th Regt. Pa. Vols., and served his 
 country witii fidelity until September, 1864, when he was 
 honorably discharged and returned to his father's home. 
 He was severely wounded by a ball in his left foot in the 
 fearful charge on the enemy's works at Green Plains, Va., 
 May 20, 1864. In January, 1865, he married Mary B., 
 daughter of Henry and Sarah Kaufman, of Easttown 
 township, and for three years engaged in working his 
 father's farm in Radnor township. In the summer of 
 1868 he embarked in the mercantile business in Berwyn 
 (then Reeseville), occupying the old store stand, which 
 building becoming too small for his increasing business, in 
 the winter of 1870 he erected his present large and com- 
 modious store and residence, as shown in the accompanying 
 engraving. The children of Isaac A. and Mary B. Cleaver 
 were Frank, Eugene, Jane, Mary, Sarah, and Eliza, of 
 whom but two, Eugene and Jane, are living, the others, 
 with their mother, having " entered into rest." In February, 
 1876, he married M. Lizzie, daughter of John Gropp, of 
 Tredyffrin township. Mr. Cleaver has since his residence 
 iq the village of Berwyn been its postmaster, secretary of 
 its school board, and merits the reputation of teing an 
 active and enterprising merchant. 
 
 CLINGAN.— William Clingan (often written Clinghan) 
 was a sterling, patriotic citizen and magistrate of West 
 Cain township, Chester Co., during the Revolutionary 
 contest. He appears to have held the commission of jus- 
 tice of the peace by successive appointments from the year 
 1757 to 1786, and for the last six years was president of 
 the county courts. In 1777 he was one of the sufferers 
 by the ravages of the enemy. From 1777 to 1779 he was 
 a member of the Continental Congress. In 1778 he was 
 a member of the Congress which adopted the Articles of 
 Confederation. In 1779 he was appointed to receive 
 subscriptions and transmit the same to the loan oflBcer, 
 agreeably to the resolve of Congress of June 29th for 
 borrowing twenty millions of dollars. 
 
 The first regular movements for transferring the seat of 
 justice in Chester County from Chester to West Chester 
 
 was an act of Assembly, passed March 20, 1780, wherein 
 William Clingan was the first-named commissioner to effect 
 that object. It was not accomplished, however, until 1786. 
 The residence of Mr. Clingan was a short distance west 
 of the village of Wagontown, on the " Old Lancaster road." 
 It afterwards belonged to the Sehrack family, and is now 
 owned by Abraham Brubaker. The building is of stone, 
 and was doubtless considered a large and complete structure 
 when built. 
 
 At one time during the career of the noted robbers, the 
 Doanes, Mr. Clingan was visited by them. In some busi- 
 ness transactions he had received a large amount of money 
 in gold, and the visit of the Doanes had reference to this 
 treasure, which they supposed was in the house. While 
 searching for it one of them announced that he had found 
 it. Mr. Clingan's desk had been opened, and there stood a 
 large leathern bag full of money, and seizing a violin which 
 was in the house, as they said, to have a jubilation over 
 their good luck, they mounted their horses and were off. 
 The bag, however, which they supposed to contain the 
 gold was simply filled with coppers, the church collections 
 as he had brought them home from Sunday to Sunday, 
 and which, when he had a quantity on hand, he exchanged 
 for larger money. One of the gang, afterwards executed, 
 was visited by Mr. Clingan in prison, and he told him of 
 their chagrin when they discovered their mistake. 
 
 An incident of his time may be worth noting as showing 
 the spirit which animated the people during the Revolu- 
 tionary struggle. At the marriage of William Clingan, Jr. 
 (a nephew of the subject of this notice), June 17, 1778, 
 there were present a number of young gentlemen and 
 ladies, and it appeared that every gentleman in attendance 
 had performed a tour of duty in the military service of the 
 country. After the marriage ceremony a motion was made, 
 and agreed to by all present, " that the young unmarried 
 ladies should form themselves into an association, by the 
 name of ' The Whig Association of the Unmarried Young 
 Ladies of America,' in which they would pledge their 
 honor never to give their hand in marriage to any gentle- 
 man until he had first proved himself a patriot in promptly 
 turning out when called to defend his country, by a spirited 
 and brave conduct, inasmuch as they were unwilling to be 
 mothers of a race of slaves and cowards." 
 
 Squire Clingan died at an advanced age. May 9, 1790, 
 and was interred in Upper Octorara burial-grounds. He 
 left no descendants. 
 
 The William Clingan, Jr., whose marriage is here referred 
 to married Jane Roan, a daughter of Rev. John Roan and 
 Ann (Cochran) Roan. Mrs. Roan was a sister of Dr. James 
 Cochran, and was an aunt of Samuel Cochran, of whom 
 sketches are herein given. She died April 22, 1788, and was 
 buried at Upper Octorara. William Clingan, Jr., was born 
 in West Cain township in 1756, and some years after his 
 marriage removed to the Buffalo Valley, in (now) Union 
 County, where he resided until his death, at the age of sixty- 
 five. Mr. Clingan was a prominent and influential person- 
 age on the frontiers during and subsequent to the war of the 
 Revolution. He died May 24, 1822, his wife surviving 
 until May 7, 1838. They left seven children,— Margaret, 
 John, Annie, Thomas, Elizabeth, George, and Flavel. 
 
500 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 CLOUD, William, of Calne, ia Wiltshire, England, 
 purchased land Oct. 7, 1682, which was afterwards laid out 
 in Concord township. The will of William Cloud, of Con- 
 cord, " being aged and well stricken in years," was proved 
 in 1702, in which he mentions his sons, — William, Jeremiah, 
 Joseph, John, and Robert. Of these Joseph came over as 
 a servant to John Bezer, and received his 50 acres of land 
 in Cain township, where he was living in 1709. John, 
 William, and Jeremiah resided on Naaman's Creek for some 
 time. William was living in Cain in 1715, and died there 
 in 1720. His eldest son, Joseph, was there in 1719, but 
 probably at Pextang after this. Joseph, Sr., married Mary 
 Moore, widow of Richard, and mother of Thomas and John 
 Moore. He died in 1739. 
 
 Jeremiah Cloud died at Naaman's Creek, leaving chil- 
 dren, — Jeremiah, Mordecai, Daniel, and others, of whom 
 the two first named settled in the eastern part of Eust Marl- 
 borough (now Pocopson) township. Jeremiah married Ann 
 Baily about 1710, and had children,— Elizabeth, Joel, 
 William, Jeremiah, Benjamin, Mordecai, and Rachel. 
 
 Mordecai, his brother, married, Feb. 12, 1714, Sarah 
 Chads, daughter of Francis, and after her death married, 
 9, 30, 1738, Abigail, widow of Isaac Baily. He died in 
 1745, leaving children, — Mordecai, Abner, Betty (married 
 
 William Baily), Sarah, Susanna (married Dougherty 
 
 and Israel Taylor), Hannah (married Joseph Davis), and 
 Joseph. 
 
 Abner Cloud married, about 1760, Amy Pyle, and had chil- 
 dren,— Elizabeth, Abigail, b. 2, 25, 1765, m. Hadley Bald- 
 win ; Mary, Lydia, Joseph, Abner, Amos, Hannah , and Ann. 
 
 Joseph, born Aug. 27, 1770, died July 3, 1845, mar- 
 ried, Aug. 21, 1797, Eliza, daughter of Enoch and Elizabeth 
 (Maris) Taylor, of West Bradford. He was at the head of 
 the melting and refining department of the United States 
 Mint, at Philadelphia, from January, 1797, till Jan. 14, 
 1836, when he resigned on account of defective eyesight. 
 He died in Radnor, and was buried at Laurel Hill. Besides 
 two daughters, Eliza and Elizabeth, who died young, he 
 had a son Joseph, born Dec. 17, 1800, died June 2, 1834, 
 married Elizabeth Roberts. He owned what was known as 
 the Como farm, in West Bradford, and was familiarly spoken 
 of as young Dr. Cloud. His son, Edwin Cloud, resides in 
 Franklin township. 
 
 COCHRAN, Dr. John.— About 1570 there crossed 
 over from Paisley, in Scotland, to the north of Ireland one 
 John Cochran. He was a clansman of the powerful house 
 of Dundonald, and of kin with its noble head, and for several 
 generations his descendants were born, tilled the land, mar- 
 ried, and died in the home of their adoption. Many were 
 of the gentry, most were yeomen, but all led sober, upright, 
 and righteous lives. The family names were carefully 
 handed down from sire to son : James, the son of John, 
 was succeeded by John, who, in turn, was father of another 
 James. Then came Robert, called " honest" to distinguish 
 him from others of the same name. His sons were James, 
 Stephen, and David, and these latter crossed the sea and 
 settled in Pennsylvania. The children of James were Ann, 
 Robert, James, John, Stephen, Jane, and George. Ann 
 married the Rev. John Roan ; Jane, Rev. Alexander 
 Mitchel ; Robert died, leaving a daughter, Isabella ; James 
 
 died in April, 1768, preceded by his father, James, who 
 died in the autumn of 1766. 
 
 James first resided in Sadsbury, where his son. Dr. John 
 Cochran, was born, Sept. 1, 1730, and was educated at the 
 grammar-school of Dr. Francis Alison. He received liis 
 professional training in Lancaster, under Dr. Thompson. 
 At the outbreak of the French and Indian war young 
 Cochran had but recently finished his medical studies. 
 He entered the service, however, as a surgeon's mate in 
 the hospital department, and remained with the Northern 
 army until the close of the war. Dr. Cochran, together with 
 Maj. (afterwards Gen.) Philip Schuyler, joined Bradstreet 
 when he marched against Fort Frontenac in the summer 
 of 1758. Dec. 4, 1760, he was married to Mrs, Gertrude 
 Schuyler by Dominie Westerts, of the Reformed Dutch 
 Church at Albany, N. Y. That lady was the only sister of 
 Maj. Philip Schuyler, and the widow of Peter Schuyler, 
 whose grandfather, Peter, had been president of the Council 
 of the province of New York in 1719. By her first husband 
 she had two children : one, Peter, who married, but died 
 childless ; the other, Cornelia, who married Walter Living- 
 ston, grandson of Robert Livingston, first lord of the manor 
 of Livingston. After his marriage Dr. Cochran removed to 
 New Brunswick, N. J., and there continued to practice his 
 profession, becoming one of the founders of the New Jersey 
 Medical Society in 1766, and in November, 1769, succeed- 
 ing Dr. Burnet as its president. During the close of the winter 
 of 1776 he offered his services as a volunteer in the hospital 
 department, and Washington recommended his name to the 
 favorable notice of Congress in a letter written in the be- 
 ginning of 1777. He spoke of Dr. Cochran's services as 
 a volunteer, and of his experience during the French 
 war. On April 7, 1777, Congress resumed the considera- 
 tion of a report on the hospitals, and plans modeled after 
 those of the British army, having been proposed by Dr. 
 Cochran and Dr. William Shippen, and approved by Gen. 
 Washington, were adopted that day. On the 11th of the 
 same month, in pursuance of His Excellency's recommen- 
 dation, Dr. Cochran was selected for the position of physi- 
 cian and surgeon-general of the army of the Middle Depart- 
 ment. In 1781 (January) Congress conferred upon Dr. 
 Cochran the unsolicited appointment of director-general of 
 the hospitals of the United States, in place of Dr. William 
 Shippen, who had resigned. He was on terms of intimacy 
 with Washington, Lafayette, Wayne, Paul Jones, and other 
 eminent contemporaries, and much of his private corre- 
 spondence has been preserved, showing the closeness of the 
 ties which bound him to those great men. To him Wash- 
 ington presented his camp furniture; he received from 
 " Mad Anthony" the latter's sword, the silver hilt of which 
 Was melted into goblets, and thus came down to his de- 
 scendants, while Lafayette sent him from France a gold 
 watch of delicate movement. Upon the furmation of the 
 Society of the Cincinnati, Dr. Cochran became a member 
 from the State of New York, and in 1790 President Wash- 
 ington appointed him commissioner of loans for the State 
 of New York. He died April 6, 1807, at the age of 
 seventy-six years.* 
 
 » Abridged from a sketch of Dr. Cochran, by Walter L. C. Biddle, i 
 the Pennaylvania Magazine. 
 

 ^/t/l^^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 501. 
 
 Samukl Cochran was born in West Pallowfield town- 
 ship, Jan. 16, 1763. He resided at Cochranville, and 
 gave the village its name. His emigrant ancestor and 
 grandfather was James Cochran, who married Ann, a 
 daughter of Cornelius Rowan, an early settler. James and 
 Ann (Rowan) Cochran left seven children, noticed in the 
 preceding sketch, among whom was Stephen, the father of 
 the subject of this sketch. Stephen Cochran commanded 
 a company in the Revolution, and was elected to the As- 
 sembly in 1777 and 1778. 
 
 Samuel Cochran was a drummer-boy in his father's com- 
 pany when about sixteen years of age. He was a member 
 of the House of Representatives in 1816 and 1817, and of 
 the Senate of Pennsylvania from 1818 to 1820. He was 
 also surveyor-general under the administration of Governor 
 McKean, from 1800 to 1809, and under that of Governor 
 Hiester, from 1821 to 1824. He was a prominent man in 
 his day, prepossessing in his appearance, held in high es- 
 teem by his neighbors, and his advice was sought by them 
 in their difficulties. He was for forty years a ruling elder 
 in Fagg's Manor Church. He died May 3, 1829. 
 
 COATES, Moses, produced a certificate to Haverford 
 Monthly Meeting from Carlow, Ireland, dated 3, 8, 1717, 
 which stated that he had been brought up there from a 
 child, and had taken his wife from among Friends in the 
 province of Munster. In 1731 he purchased land. at the 
 site of Phoenixville, in Chai-lestown, and settled there. The 
 name of his wife was Susanna, and among his children were 
 Samuel, Moses, Jr., Benjamin, Jonathan, Aaron, and Eliz- 
 beth, married to John Mendenhall. 
 
 Samuel married, 3, 11, 1743, Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Aaron Mendenhall, of East Cain, where he also settled and 
 left three children, viz. : Aaron, b. 4, 6, 1744 ; Moses, b. 12, 
 4, 1745-6; Isaac, b. 2, 1, 1748, d. 4, 3, 1809. 
 
 Isaac married Hannah Stalker, daughter of Thomas and 
 Grace, and had children, — Beulah, Grace, Lydia, Rebecca, 
 Seymour, Amy, Zillah, Israel, and Lindley. The descend- 
 ants are largely represented in the neighborhood of West 
 Grove. 
 
 Moses Coates married, 4, 26, 1770, Hannah, daughter of 
 Thomas Musgrave, of Lancaster County, who died 4, 5, 
 1775, leaving two children. Moses was married again, 5, 6, 
 1777, to Mary, daughter of Peter Vickers, of Plumstead, 
 Bucks Co. His children were Elizabeth, m. to Jesse 
 Kersey ; Hannah ; Isaac, m. to Mary Gilbert, 1801 ; Ann, 
 Caleb, Esther, Elisha, Sarah, Mary, Moses, Aquilla, Amos, 
 and Jesse. 
 
 Moses Coates possessed considerable inventive genius, 
 and towards the close of the last century he contrived and 
 constructed a curious apple-paring machine, which was at 
 once simple, convenient, and highly useful in domestic 
 economy. With some slight modifications the instrument 
 is still in popular use. He also invented a self-setting saw- 
 mill, which attracted much notice at the time, but of its 
 practical importance at the present day we are unable to 
 speak. He likewise claimed the invention of a horse-rake, 
 among other ingenious implements. That instrument, how- 
 ever, was afterwards greatly improved and brought nearly 
 to perfection in the intellectual community of Kennet 
 Square and vicinity, where agricultural machinery of 
 
 various kinds is produced on an extensive scale; but as 
 the inventors and machinists are yet living and flourishing, 
 their memoirs must await the historic efibrts of some future 
 county Plutarch. 
 
 Dr. Jesse Coates, the youngest son of Moses, was born 3, 
 4, 1796, and died 8, 3, 1868. The village of Coatesville 
 was named for his father, but became a town in the son's 
 time. Owning a great portion of the land, he sold much of 
 it to enterprising men, and assisted in other ways in ad- 
 vancing the interests of the place. He was a highly-es- 
 teemed citizen. 
 
 CONARD, Dennis, of whose name in German a great 
 many difl^erent versions are given, came from Crefeld on 
 the Rhine and settled at Germantown in 1683. His sec- 
 ond son, Matthias, was the father of Cornelius Conard, of 
 Horsham, and he was the father of Everard Conard, who 
 married Margaret Cadwalader, and about the year 1784 re- 
 moved to New London township, where he purchased 300 
 acres of land. His children were Isaac, Cornelius, Abra- 
 ham, Everard, Jesse, Sarah, Mary, and Margaret, all of 
 whom left families except Isaac and Margaret. Isaac and 
 Abraham settled in Lampeter, Lancaster Co., and the latter 
 was the ancestor of Samuel Conard and his cousin, Isaac 
 Cooper, of the firm of Cooper & Conard, of Philadelphia. 
 
 Jesse Conard married, 2, 10, 1802, Ann, daughter of 
 Thomas and Susanna Pennington, and was the father of 
 Rachel, David, Ruth, Thomas, Ann (married to Job H. 
 Jackson), Milton (now a director of the poor), Everard, 
 Susanna, and Lydia (married to Thomas Gawthrop). 
 
 Thomas Conard, son of Jesse, owned and conducted a 
 boarding-school at West Grove for several y.ears, in which 
 he was succeded by his son, Thomas P. Conard, now of 
 Philadelphia. His eldest son, Alfred F. Conard, is of the 
 Dingee & Conard Company, rose-growers. 
 
 Joseph Couard, son of Cornelius, of Horsham, and 
 brother of Everard, of New London, settled in Tredyffrin 
 township. His son Paul was the father of Jesse Conard, 
 Esq., of the Chester County bar, and of Rebecca and Sarah 
 Conard, the latter being now the widow of Abia Passmore. 
 Rebecca was the author of some poems,, which have been 
 published in book form. She died in West Chester, 5, 1, 
 1875, at the age of 75 years. 
 
 COOK, Petek, of Tarvin, Cheshire, England, married, 
 10, 7, 161)5, Elinor Norman, of Kingsley, at Newton, in 
 Cheshire, and had the following children, of whom the first 
 was born at Tarvin, the second at Kingsley, and the rest at 
 Norwich, in Cheshire : John, b. 7, 2, 1696 ; Mary, b. 9, 
 12, 1698; Peter, b. 10, 4, ITOO ; Isaac, b. 10, 18, 1702 ; 
 Thomas and Abraham, b. 8, 29, 1704 ; Elinor, b. 3, 22, 
 1707; Mary, b. 3, 22, 1709; Samuel, b. 2, 23, 1712. 
 
 The name in England appears to have been written Cooke. 
 This family embarked for America soon after the birth of the 
 youngest child, but the father died on the voyage or shortly 
 after their arrival The widow produced a certificate to 
 Chester Monthly Meeting, 1, 29, 1714, and in that year 
 was married to John Fincher, with whom she removed 
 with her children to Londongrove. 
 
 John Cook married, in 1718, Elinor Langdale, or Lands- 
 dale, and had children,— Mary, Margaret, John, Hannah, 
 Stephen, Phebe, and Peter. Of these, Stephen married 
 
502 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Margaret Williams, and was the father of Bnnion Cook, 
 the school-teacher of Birmingham, b. 1, 1, 1773. 
 
 Peter Cook, Jr., married, 9, 26, 1730, Sarah, daughter 
 of Joseph and Hannah Gilpin, of Birmingham, and re- 
 moved to Warrington, York Co., Pa., and left numerous 
 descendants, some of whom have returned to Chester 
 County. The late Dr. William H. Cooke, of Carlisle, who 
 was much interested in the family history, and who returned 
 to the original spelling of the name, died March 21, 1879. 
 His father, Jesse Cook, died Feb. 9, 1880, aged eighty-three 
 years. 
 
 COOPER, James, of Lancaster, England, removed to 
 Mayfield, in the county of Stafford, about 1674, and in 
 1684 came to Pennsylvania, settling in Darby township. 
 In the records of Darby Meeting we find the birth of Mary, 
 9, 4, 1699, and William, 5, 11, 1701, children of James 
 and Hannah Cooper. Mary married James Johnson, of 
 New Garden, in 1721, at which time her father was living 
 at " Muscle Cripple" plantation, in New Castle County. 
 In 1728, James Cooper was an attendant at Kennet Meet- 
 ing, but nothing further is known of him. The following 
 may have been his children : 
 
 William Cooper, of Kennet, married, 8, 18, 1732, 
 Mary Miller, daughter of Samuel and Margaret, of Sads- 
 bury, by whom he had children, — William, Calvin, Robert, 
 and perhaps others. Robert was a justice of the Common 
 Pleas prior to 1790. William, Jr., like his father, was a 
 fuller, and lived for a time in Coventry and Tredyffrin 
 
 Hannah Cooper, of Kennet, married, 1, 8, 1738, John 
 Clark, of West Marlborough, afterwards of Sadsbury, Lan- 
 caster Co. 
 
 Calvin Cooper was a taxable in Birmingham in 1732, 
 and in 1734 was one of the overseers of the poor for that 
 township. About this time he purchased a tract of land 
 on the Octarara, at or near the site of Christiana, where he 
 erected a mill. He was a fuller, or " cloth-worker," as 
 given in old records. He died 9, 15, 1779. His first wife 
 was Phebe, daughter of Samuel Hall, of Kennet, to whom 
 he was married 4, 29, 1732 ; she died 6, 18, 1757, and a 
 year later he married a widow, Elizabeth Jefferis. His 
 children were as follows: 1. William, b. 9, 5, 1734; d. 2 
 20, 1821 ; m. 12, 5, 1759, Elizabeth Pyle, daughter of 
 John and Rachel, of Kennet. They settled in West Brad- 
 ford, at a fulling-mill late belonging to Daniel Temple. 
 
 2. George, b. 2, 28, 1737; d. 1, 14, 1820; m. 10, 15, 
 1761, Susanna, daughter of Thomas and Ann Truman, of 
 Sadsbury ; second marriage, 5, 24, 1787, to Hannah Dixson. 
 
 3. John, b. 12, 9, 1739 ; d. 2, 15, 1811 ; m. 10, 24, 1764, 
 Rebecca Moore, daughter of James and Ann, of Sadsbury. 
 
 4. Hannah, b. 10, 3, 1742, probably died young. 5. Mary, 
 b. 12, 17, 1744 ; d. 9, 18, 1806 ; m. 3, 24, 1773, to Johti 
 Dixson, and 11, 28, 1781, to James Phillips, of Hock- 
 essin. 6. James, b. 2, 14, 1747 ; m. 11, 8, 1775, Rachel, 
 daughter of Andrew and Rebecca Moore, of Sadsbury. 
 He married a second wife, Catharine Powell, and removed 
 to Northumberland County, Pa. 7. Phebe, b. 6, 6, 1750 
 probably died young. 8. Sarah, b. 12, 12, 1753; m. to 
 Thomas Dixson. 
 
 Calvin's Cooper's residence was in Lancaster County, of 
 
 which he was a commissioner, justice of the Common Pleas, 
 and several times a representative in Assembly. His de- 
 scendants are very numerous in this and adjoining counties. 
 There were Coopers in Oxford and other townships, who 
 are not supposed to be related to the above. 
 
 COPE, Oliver, of Abury, Wiltshire, England, was a 
 purchaser of land from William Penn by deed of Sept. 8, 
 1681, and is supposed to have arrived in this country early 
 in 1683, as he obtained a warrant for the survey of some 
 land in that year. He fixed his residence on Naaman's 
 Creek, below the circular line of New Castle County, and 
 there died about the end of May, 1697, leaving a wife, Re- 
 becca, and four children, viz.: 1. William, who inherited 
 some of the land, and with his wife Mary sold it to Adam 
 
 Buckley in 1729. 2. Elizabeth, who married Poulke 
 
 and Hugh Blackwell. 3. Ruth, m. to Thomas Buffington, 
 of Bradford. 4. John. 
 
 Rebecca, the widow of Oliver, died at John Cope's, in 
 Bradford, about 1728. Of William's children or descend- 
 ants nothing definite is known. An Oliver Cope, of Ken- 
 net, in 1747-53, may have been a son, and Rebecca Cope, 
 who married John Walter, of Sadsbury, a daughter. 
 
 John Cope purchased 200 acres in Bradford in 1712, 
 and erected a log house thereon, in which his children were 
 born. The name of his first wife is not preserved, but he 
 married (second), Nov. 30, 1721, Charity Evans, widow of 
 John, and daughter of Robert and Jane Jefferis, of East 
 Bradford. Some time after this he joined with Friends, 
 and he and John Buffington were appointed, 11, 6, 1732-3, 
 to have oversight of burials at Bradford Meeting, which is 
 his first appearance on the irecords. He married a third 
 wife, Elizabeth, widow of Thomas Fisher, 12, 23, 1748. In 
 1761-63 he appears to have been to some extent a maltster. 
 He died 2, 14, 1773, aged 82 years. The following were 
 his children: 1. Hannah, b. 4, 25, 1724; d. 10, 10, 1817 ; 
 m. John Carter, of East Bradford. 2. Samuel, b. 1726 ; 
 d. 9, 15, 1817. 3. Mary, b. 1728; d. 2, 6, 1813. 4. 
 John, b. 1730; d. 7, 31, 1812. 5. Nathan, b. 1733; d. 
 12, 3, 1820. 6. Caleb, b. 11, 4, 1736; d. 5, 30, 1824. 
 7. Joshua, b. 11, 4, 1736; d. 1818. 8. Joseph, b. 8, 1, 
 1740 ; d. 12, ,11, 1820. The average of their ages while 
 all were living was over eighty years. 
 
 It may be remarked that John Cope and all his children 
 wrote the name Coope, but the original spelling was re- 
 sumed by all branches of the family early in the present 
 century. 
 
 Samuel Cope married Deborah Parke, daughter of Jona- 
 than and Dtiborah, who lived on the adjoining farm, and 
 settled on the eastern part of his father's land. His chil- 
 dren were Charity (married to Caleb Baldwin), Jesse, 
 Samuel, Abiah, Rebecca, Jonathan, Deborah, Mary, So- 
 phia, and Deborah (second). Samuel succeeded him in the 
 possession of the farm, and left one son, Gerard Cope, who 
 died 5, 19, 1871, and the place was sold by his children. 
 
 Abiah Cope married Jane, daughter of David and Jane 
 Morris, of Berks County, and left four sons,— David, Sam- 
 uel, Abiah, and Morris. These are all deceased except the 
 last, who resides in West Marlborough, aged 81 years. 
 He with his brothers, David and Samuel, have been well- 
 known ministers in the Society of Friends. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 503 
 
 Jonathan Cope established a tilt-mill, and manufactured 
 scythes, augers, and other tools, in East Bradford. He 
 married Susanna Mercer and (second) Zillah Darlington, 
 and had children, — Phebe, Elizabeth, Susan, Jesse, John, 
 Margaret, Caleb B., Samuel, Deborah, Jonathan, Chalkley, 
 and Darlington. Of these, John lives on the homestead, 
 aged 81 years, and Darlington in Franklin township. 
 
 Nathan Cope, son of John and Charity, succeeded his 
 father at the homestead with half the original tract. He 
 married Amy Bane, of Goshen, and had children, — Sarahj 
 Hannah, Amy, Benjamin, Abigail, Nathan, Deborah, Char- 
 ity, Edith, Rebecca, and Ezra. The last was Uie father of 
 Edge T. Cope, living on the Brandywine, while Benjamin 
 is represented by his only son, Caleb S. Cope, who holds 
 the original homestead. 
 
 Caleb Cope (of John and Charity) went to Liincaster, 
 where his children were born, but later in life removed to 
 Philadelphia. His son, Thomas P. Cope, was a successful 
 shipping-merchant, in which business he was succeeded by 
 his sons, Henry and Alfred, now also deceased. Prof. Ed- 
 ward D. Cope, a distinguished naturalist, is the son of, Al- 
 fred, and his mother was of the Edge family of this county. 
 Caleb Cope, of Philadelphia, a well-known patron and pro- 
 moter of the fine arts, is a son of William and grandson of 
 Caleb, of Lancaster. 
 
 Joseph Cope, the youngest son of John and Charity, 
 married Ann Taylor, 4, 6, 1769, daughter of Benjamin and 
 Sarah Taylor, of Kennet (now Pocopson) township, and 
 settled on a farm near his father, where he carried on the 
 malting business in connection with farming. His children 
 were Elizabeth, Mary, Sarah, Charity, John, Isaac, Han- 
 nah, and Joseph, of whom only Elizabeth, Sarah, and 
 Joseph married. John, born 5, 1, 1783, died 3, 18, 1811, 
 at Natehez^ Miss. Having little taste for practical agri- 
 culture, his father placed him at Westtown Boarding-School, 
 where, under those thorough teachers, Enoch Lewis and 
 John Forsythe, his mind was carefully trained. He sub- 
 sequently had the benefit of a course of instruction on 
 natural philosophy and the higher mathematics in the 
 University of Pennsylvania, under the accomplished Prof.- 
 Patterson. He also availed himself of the opportunity 
 afforded by his residence in Philadelphia to study nautical 
 astronomy, with the Latin, French, and Spanish languages. 
 His progress in these pursuits naturally directed his at- 
 tention to the business of teaching as a profession, in which 
 calling he spent some years in Philadelphia. At this 
 period he mingled much with scholars and strangers, 
 visitors and sojourners in the city, literary and scientific 
 men, among whom he was highly gratified to make the 
 acquaintance of the younger Michaux, who was then en- 
 gaged on his splendid work descriptive of the forest- 
 trees of North America. With a desire to see more of 
 the world, in the spring of 1810 he went to Pittsburgh 
 and down the Ohio River, with a view of engaging in the 
 mercantile business at some point on the Mississippi River. 
 At St. Louis his health failed, with threatening symptoms 
 of pulmonary .disease. Arriving at Natchez, about the 
 beginning of the year 1811, his disease became more serious, 
 and he. sank under it a few weeks afterward. The late Dr. 
 Darlington said of him that he " was unquestionably one 
 
 of the most profound and promising young mathematicians 
 of his day." 
 
 Joseph Cope, his younger brother, inherited the home- 
 stead, and upon a part of which he continued to reside 
 until his death, 4, 4, 1870, in the seventy-sixth year of his 
 age. He visited England in 1820, partly on account of 
 his health, and in 1839 returned thither to procure im- 
 proved stock of cattle and sheep, of which he was a most 
 enthusiastic breeder for many years. He was a great 
 admirer of the standard English writers and poets, and 
 seldom penned a letter without a familiar quotation from 
 one of them. 
 
 He married, 11, 27, 1823, Rachel, daughter of Samuel 
 and Sarah Cope, of Fayette Co., Pa , by whom he had 
 children as follows: 1. Ann, m. to Darlington Cope, of 
 Franklin township. 2. John, m. first to Caroline Bald- 
 win, who left one child, and second to Hannah M. Cooper, 
 of Parkesburg. He was assistant superintendent of the 
 West Chester and Philadelphia and Philadelphia and 
 Baltimore Central Railroads at the time of his death, 3, 4, 
 1867, and was instantly killed by the cars. His widow 
 &nd daughter Lucy conduct a boarding- and day-school at 
 Toughkenamon. 3. Paschall, m. to Amy A. Baily, of 
 West Chester ; d. 8, 25, 1873, Jeaving one child, Lydia, 
 now the wife of Prof. Isaac Sharpless, of Haverford Col- 
 lege. 4. William Cowper, m. to Margaret M. Hughes, of 
 Londongrove, d. 2, 5, 1868, leaving one child, Mary H, 
 5. Ellen, m. to Lewis Passmore, of London Britain ; d. 12, 
 5, 1874, leaving three children, William C, Thomas L., 
 and John W. 6. Edward Young, m. to Alice Gilbert and 
 living in Ohio with two children, Charles and Anna. 
 
 Joseph Cope married second Eliza Gilbert, daughter of 
 Abner and Ann, of Westmoreland Co., Pa., 4, 6, 1838, by 
 whom he had two children. 7. Rachel W., m. first to 
 William Cope, and second to Job Huestis, and died in 
 Ohio, 10, 18, 1874, leaving issue, — Frank and Edna Cope 
 and Edward C. Huestis. 8. Gilbert, m. 2, 5, 1880, to 
 Anna Garrett, daughter of David and Mary Ann, deceased, 
 of Birmingham, and they have a son, Herman, b. 11, 21, 
 1880, in West Chester. 
 
 The following- sketch of a member of the family is 
 inserted by request: 
 
 Benjamin Cope, born 9, 14, 1765, died 12; 15, 1845, son of Nathan 
 and Amy, of East Bradford ; married first, 9, 13, 1792. Rachel, daughter 
 of Joshua and Edith Sharpless, who died 8, 10, 1807; and he married 
 second, 6, 11', 1817, Rest, diiughter of Caleb and Mary Swayue, of 
 East Marlborough, born 4, 7, 1778, died 3, 29, 1844. He left but one 
 child, Caleb S. Cope. 
 
 On the 15th of 2d mo., 1799, also on the 7th of 2d mo., 1801, 
 Benjamin Cope received certificates from Bradford Monthly Meeting 
 to travel as companion to Thomas Baldwin, who was paying a relig- 
 ious visit to some of the neighboring Quarterly Meetings. He was 
 appointed in 1814 one of the committee of oversight of Westtown 
 Boarding-School, and on the establishment of Birmingham Monthly 
 Meeting he was appointed, 1, 4, 1816, to the stations of elder and 
 overseer therein. He was chosen by Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 
 4th mo., 1818, as one of the committee on Indian affairs, in which 
 service he several times visited the different reservations in Western 
 New York. 
 
 Although his time was very much occupied in the service of the 
 church, yet he was also successful in business ; for by prudent dealing, 
 and by proper economy, he always had something to spare for public 
 improvement and private charities. 
 
 On the 5th of 9th mo., 1804, he and his first wife informed Friends 
 
504 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTy, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 of Bradford Monthly Meeting of a concern that attended their minds 
 to go and reside with the Indians, near the Alleghany River, to 
 instruct them in agriculture, spinning, dairying, etc. Obtaining their 
 concurrence and unity, also the approbation of the Yearly Meeting's 
 committee, they started on their journey the 20th of 5th mo., 1805, and 
 arrived at Tnnesassathe 7th of 6th mo., having to travel between sixty 
 and seventy miles of the latter part of the way through an uninhab- 
 ited pine forest on foot. They left a very interesting manuscript of 
 incidents and labors among that people. Here his wife died, and 
 Benjamin returned home in the winter of 1810-11. In 1812-13 he 
 traveled as companion to Caleb McComber, who was on a religious 
 visit to the meetings of Friends in Virginia, Maryland, and North 
 Carolina. 
 
 Perhaps here would.be a suitable place to state that this short 
 account, which was placed here that the memory of the just might 
 live, and also to show the crowning result of a retiring, unspeculative 
 life of integrity and true holiness, owes its position in this volume 
 principally to the suggestion of my friend, Eli K. Price, whose father 
 and mother, Philip and Bachel Price, were among the most intimate 
 friends of Benjamin, Bachel, and Rest Cope. Eli tC. Price speaks of 
 him as follows : " I have a clear and distinct remembrance of B. Cope, 
 particularly bis general appearance and countenance. His features 
 were symmetrical, bis expression was friendly, benign, benevolent; 
 and all his movements were in harmonious accord with these expres- 
 sions. All of these indicated truly the character of the man, and 
 that it sprang from the inward life that made the mild, gentle, sincere 
 gentleman ; a gentleman of the truest stamp, one who must do to 
 others as he would have others do unto him ; one who must obey the 
 religious powers always operating within him. He was a good man, 
 a holy man.'* 
 
 And there are many more still living who well remember his 
 fatherly care for their temporal and spiritual welfare; how by unwav- 
 ering example and kindly precept he endeavored to direct their steps 
 in the path of wisdom and virtue; and none have better cause than 
 those of his own immediate family, for he was a pattern of dignity, 
 integrity, and uprightness in all the departments of life. Also 
 many of the late worthies, who, we have good reason to believe, have 
 been safely gathered home with him, have left like testimony behind 
 them concerning him. 
 
 Hannah Rhoads, writing to me after bis death, observes, " What a 
 loss the church sustains in the removal of such pillars ! May a 
 deep consideration of this impress the minds of some of the younger 
 members \" 
 
 James Emien (who was himself a remarkably upright standard- 
 bearer in the Lord's army), coming to see him about the commence- 
 ment of his last sickness, remarked to him, " I have always esteemed 
 thee as a father in the church." Benjamin was silent for a short time, 
 and then said, " I have not seen how this sickness will terminate, but 
 I feel quiet on looking back on my getting along through life. I do 
 not know whether, if I had my time to live over again, I should 
 mend it much. What a satisfaction to experience such u, solemn 
 quiet ! I enjoy it more than I can express in words." 
 
 Here is a declaration that speaks volumes, an autobiography that 
 but few can leave behind them; and on viewing the course of his eon- 
 duct through every relation in life, I think there are but few who 
 could more truly bear such a testimony. 
 
 Verily, the work of righteousness is peace, and the effect thereof 
 quietness and assurance forever. But this can be but a brie|' index to 
 the history of a long, useful, and eventful life, which was a pei-petual 
 rebuke to the ungodly. As he lived so he died, retaining his mental 
 faculties bright and clear up to his latest moments, leaving behind 
 him a rich legacy in instructive remarks and exhortations which my 
 present limits will not permit me to publish. 
 
 On Second-day morning, the 16th of 12lh mo., 1845, he appeared 
 for some time to be engaged in supiilicalion, but in so low a tone that 
 we could not gather any part of what he said till near the last, when 
 in a sweet melodious voice he continued, " Oh, Holy Father, I cannot 
 relieve my spirit ! Oh, Holy ! Holy ! Holy ! forever and for evermore ! 
 I believe I know all of you. What shall I say ? Farewell ! farewell 1 
 farewell !" 
 
 Four o'clock: "Oh that I could but bo relieved! poor creature! 
 It seems as if a little more would gather me home. Oh Lord if thou 
 wouldst gather me ! gather home !" 
 
 And here begon the song of the heavenly host, the song of Holy I 
 Holy ! Holy ! which gradually became less distinct as bis breath grew 
 
 shorter and fainter, till both at once, in awful, solemn silence, ceased 
 
 forever. 
 
 What joy to grasp a father's baud 
 
 Who calmly meets his doom, 
 And hear him speak about the land 
 
 Which lies beyond the gloom I 
 To hear him with his latest breath 
 
 Begin the eternal song, — 
 Triumphant pass the gates of death, 
 
 The heavenly host among I 
 
 C. S. Cope. 
 
 CORNETT, Samuel, of Schuylkill township, Chester 
 Co., Pa. — John Cornett, an emigrant from Ireland, early in 
 his life settled in this county, and married Jane Knowles, 
 by whom he had nine children, — Samuel, William, Joseph 
 Latta, James Alexander, Sarah, m. to Samuel L. Rhoades, 
 of Berks County ; Jane, Joseph P., and Elizabeth Ann. 
 John and his wife Jane were members of the Great Valley 
 Presbyterian Church, in which faith they reared their chil- 
 dren. John, by his industry and economy, was enabled to 
 raise an interesting and amiable family, of which he was 
 long spared to be an honored head. He died March 24, 
 1847, and his wife Jane, Aug. 26, 1874. Samuel, their 
 oldest child, was born Dec. 8, 1808, and in addition to a 
 good common-school education enjoyed the educational fa- 
 cilities of the Chester County Academy. After leaving 
 this school he followed his trade of stone-mason for fifl^een 
 years, when he accepted a position from Whitaker & Gar- 
 rett, at their iron-works in Cecil Co., Md. He afterwards 
 returned to Phoenixville, in this county, and commenced 
 the mercantile business, under the firm-name of Cornett & 
 Whitby, which continued for five years, when, upon the 
 dissolution of this partnership, he assisted, for a short time, 
 Joseph Whitaker in the Phoenix Iron- Works. He then 
 re-entered the mercantile business, under the firm-name of 
 Cornett & Co., with John Vanderslice and James Mellon 
 as partners, afterwards Reeves & Cornett, which was for 
 twenty years a well-known and well-patronized store, on the 
 corner of Main and Bridge Streets, Phoenixville. His close 
 confinement to business caused his health to give way, and 
 he sold out his interest to John P. Starkey, and purchased 
 his father's old homestead and farm, one mile west of Phoe- 
 nixville, where, by^h is wonted and close attention, he is now 
 known as a very successful and enterprising farmer. He 
 also owns considerable real estate in Phoenixville, and no 
 man is better known or more highly respected in this part 
 of the county. In early life he was a Democrat, and held 
 the ofiice of postmaster in Phoenixville under Jackson and 
 Taylor. Prom the formation of the Republican party he 
 supported its nominees until the question of the legal sup- 
 pression of the liquor traffic became a political issue, and 
 finding that the Democratic and Republican parties were 
 unwilling to support the principle of prohibition, and upon 
 the repeal of the local law, becoming convinced of their de- 
 termined hostility, he has acted with the Prohibitionists. 
 All his life Mr. Cornett has been a total abstainer and ac- • 
 tive temperance man, and from education and principle was 
 prepared to receive the platform of the Prohibition party, 
 both National and State, and actively participated in the 
 campaigns of 1875, '76, '77, '78, '79, '80. He was the 
 candidate of the Prohibition party in 1877 for State treas- 
 urer, and in 1880 for Congress. He is a man of great 
 probity of character, large and varied business experience 
 
a/o^^ CA i:/ /tf^^^ ^^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 505 
 
 and acquaintance in Chester, Philadelphia, Montgomery, 
 and Delaware Counties, where he commands the confi- 
 dence and esteem of the people, hence his party did wisely 
 and well in oflen selecting him as one of its standard- 
 bearers. Of his brothers and sisters, the only ones living 
 are Jane C, Elizabeth Ann, and Dr. Joseph P. Cornett. 
 Another brother, Dr. James Cornett, was in the 5th Penn- 
 sylvania Cavalry in the Rebellion, was taken prisoner on Wil- 
 son's raid, taken to Andersonville, and died shortly after 
 his return home. Dr. Joseph P. was first lieutenant in 
 Company G, 176th Pennsylvania Regiment, re-enlisted in 
 99th Regiment, and was at the capture of Lee at Appo- 
 mattox. Samuel Cornett was many years a director in 
 the Iron Bank of Phoenixville, and is now vice-president 
 of the Mutual Benefit Association of that place. 
 
 COWAN, Rev. John F., son of Adam Cowan, was 
 born in Sadsbury township. May 8, 1801. He learned the 
 printing business in Lancaster, but at the termination of 
 his apprenticeship entered upon studies with a view to the 
 ministry. He graduated at Jefferson College in 1824; 
 studied theology in the seminary at Princeton, and was 
 licensed to preach April 8, 1829. He had charge of Pres- 
 byterian churches in Missouri until the breaking out of the 
 war of the Rebellion, when he became chaplain of the mili- 
 tary hospital in St. Louis. He there incurred the disease 
 which terminated his life, Sept. 29, 1862. He was in the 
 fullest sense an evangelist, and was instrumental in found- 
 ing and strengthening a number of churches in Missouri. 
 
 He has two sons in the ministry, the Rev. John F. Cowan 
 and Rev. Edward Payson Cowan, the latter now of Ger- 
 mantown, Pa. 
 
 COX, John, from England about 1708, settled in the 
 neighborhood of Kennet, and is supposed to have been the 
 father of Richard Cox, who married, 3, 26, 1712, Mar- 
 garet Potts, of Abington Monthly Meeting. The children 
 of Richard were Anna, b. 8, 29, 1713 ; Sarah, b. 12, 15, 
 1715 ; Richard, b. 2, 17, 1718 ; Jonathan, b. 6, 11, 1720 ; 
 Joseph, b. 2, 18, 1723 ; Benjamin, twin with Joseph ; 
 John, b. 8, 9, 1725. In 1728 they removed near to the 
 Schuylkill River, and Richard died in Vincent township 
 about 1760. 
 
 Benjamin Cox and Elizabeth, his wife, had children, — 
 Richard, Margaret, Jonathan, William, Joseph, Hannah, 
 Mary, Sarah, Benjamin, and John. William, born 12, 21, 
 1751, married, 6, 15, 1780, at Goshen Meeting, Lydia 
 Garrett, daughter of Thomas and Hannah, of Willistown, 
 where they settled. Their children were Hannah, Benja- 
 min, John (of Longwood), Abner, Thomas, Elizabeth, 
 Levi, Jonathan, Lydia, and William. 
 
 Henry Hamilton Cox.* — In an article written by 
 Bayard Taylor, and published in the Atlantic MontUy 
 some fifteen or sixteen years ago, under the title of " A 
 Strange Friend," a story is told of an Irish gentleman of 
 noble family, who, accompanied by his wife and children, 
 came to East Marlboro', Chester Co., and remained there 
 in seclusion in the disguise of a member of the Society of 
 Friends, leaving his Irish estate in the hands of a steward 
 till the rents and profits should discharge the debts by 
 
 64 
 
 * By Joseph J. Lewis. 
 
 which they were encumbered. The gentleman is there 
 represented to have assumed the dress, manners, and forms 
 of speech peculiar to the Friends, playing the part of one 
 thoroughly convinced of their principles, and conforming 
 by choice to their usages from motives merely of policy or 
 convenience, and, as soon as his estates were disencumbered, 
 to have suddenly thrown off his disguise and resumed at 
 once his original character as a man of the world. The 
 story rests on a basis of well-known facts, but the facts are 
 somewhat colored and embellished by the fertile fancy of 
 Mr. Taylor. The original of the picture drawn by the 
 artist was Henry Hamilton Cox, better known as Henry 
 Cox. I have taken considerable pains to become ac- 
 quainted with his history, as far as it is known in this 
 region, and I will proceed to state the result of my in- 
 quiries. 
 
 Henry Hamilton was a member of an Irish family con- 
 nected with the nobility, but was not himself a noble, 
 though generally reputed so to be while in America. In 
 his youth he held a commission in the British army, and 
 served in India with a rank not exceeding that of captain. 
 A considerable landed estate, owned by his grandfather. 
 Sir Michael Cox, was devised to him by that gentleman. 
 The title, of course, did not accompany the devise, but 
 went by descent to the next heir-at-law. The devise was 
 subject to a condition that the devisee should take the sur- 
 name of Cox, which he immediately did, whether by vir- 
 tue of an act of Parliament or by voluntary assumption I 
 am not informed. His great-grandfather, who bore the 
 same name as his grandfather, was also a baronet, and for 
 many years chancellor of Ireland. For a time after the 
 devise took effect he wrote his name H. Hamilton Cox, but 
 subsequently dropped the Hamilton and was called Henry 
 Cox. In 1799 he emigrated with his family to this coun- 
 try. The first trace we have of him here relates to a trans- 
 action with the Philadelphia Library Company. He brought 
 with him a number of volumes of original manuscripts con- 
 taining correspondence between the military and civil de- 
 partments of the British government during the reign of 
 William and Mary. Of these he made a free gift to the 
 Philadelphia Library Company. During Hepworth Dixon's 
 visit to this country, in the early part of this century, the 
 volumes were shown to him. He immediately recognized 
 their value, and on his return home he discovered that 
 they would fill a hiatus in a series of similar volumes be- 
 longing to the British government, and deposited in a pub- 
 lic library at Dublin. Application was thereupon made for 
 their restoration to their proper place in that series, and to 
 that application the Philadelphia Library Company promptly 
 acceded. From the time of William and Mary till 1799 
 these volumes had been in the hands of the family of Henry 
 Cox, whose lineal ancestor was connected with the govern- 
 ment during the period to which the manuscripts relate, 
 and had the custody of the rolls. And whatever may have 
 been the facts which attended the possession of the papers 
 in the first instance, no blame could be attached to the last 
 possessor by reason of any conduct on his part respecting 
 
 them. 
 
 Soon after his arrival in Pennsylvania he took a lease of 
 a farm in York County, within the limits of York Monthly 
 
506 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTEE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Meeting of Friends. He was at that time, it is believed, 
 about forty years of age. He professed to be a Friend, 
 dressed very plainly, and conformed to all the usages of the 
 sect. He was particularly strict in requiring that the dress 
 of his children should be entirely plain, and would tolerate 
 no approach on their part to the fashions of the world. So 
 far as the records of the York Monthly Meeting show, he 
 does not appear to have produced a certificate of member- 
 ship from any other Monthly Meeting, but seems to have 
 been allowed the privileges of a member without evidence 
 of any right. His wife did not profess to belong to the 
 society, nor did her mother, who was a member of the 
 family. It appears by the minutes of the proceedings of 
 the York Monthly Meeting, dated Dth month 9, 1801, 
 that he on that day made request that his eight children — 
 Joshua, Richard, David, Martha, Mary, Sackville, Eleanor, 
 and Henry — should be received into meuibenship. His re- 
 quest was complied with. Under date of 9th month 10, 
 1806, at his request, his children Henry Washington, 
 Catharine Anne, Alexander James, and Arabella Dorothea 
 were received into membership. Under date 11th month 
 6, 1811, there is on the same minutes this entry : " Henry 
 Cox requests the right of membership for his two youngest 
 children, namely, William John and Jane Eliza, which, 
 being considered, was united with, and they received into 
 membership." The same book of minutes shows an entry 
 to this effect : " 1806, 4, 19. — Henry Cox expressed a desire 
 to attend the ensuing yearly meeting in Philadelphia. We 
 inform he is a member in good esteem amongst us. The 
 clerk is directed to furnish him with a copy of this minute 
 signed on behalf of the meeting.'' By two other minutes 
 it appears that in 1808 and 1809 he was appointed to rep- 
 resent the Monthly Meeting of York at the Quarterly Meet- 
 ing of which it is a constituent part. From this it must 
 be inferred that he was a recognized member of the society 
 in good standing. 
 
 He continued to reside in York County until the spring 
 of 1813, when he removed with his family to Chester 
 County, and became a lessee of a large farm of about four 
 hundred acres belonging to Isaac Pennock, in East Marl- 
 borough township, within the limits of Londongrove 
 Monthly Meeting.* Prior to his removal, under date of 
 3d month 10, 1813, he obtained a certificate from York 
 Monthly Meeting to that of Londongrove for himself and 
 his minor children. His four elder children, — Joshua 
 Hamilton, Richard,. David Hutchinson, and Martha, — 
 who had attained majority, applied for and obtained at the 
 same time certificates for themselves. 
 
 During his residence in York County he was punc- 
 tual in his attendance at meetings both for worship 
 and discipline. In the former he sometimes spoke by way 
 of exhortation, but not very acceptably, and was never 
 acknowledged as a minister. In meetings for discipline he 
 frequently took an active part. On some occasions it is 
 said that, forgetful of his surroundings, he addressed the 
 meeting as " My Lords," as though speaking to the peers 
 of the Upper House of Parliament, though he certainly 
 
 * This farm is about one mile east of LondongroTe Meeting, and 
 on the north side of the Street road, and is the property lately owned 
 and occupieti by Samuel Moore, now deceased. 
 
 never was a member of that body. Seine of the elderly 
 people in the neighborhood of York remember his convey- 
 ing his large family of young children to meeting on Sun- 
 days in a cart, he acting as driver, and on arriving near the 
 meeting-house door, of his withdrawing the tail-board and 
 " dumping out his load as he might have don* a cartJoad 
 of potatoes." This instance of eccentricity, and others of 
 a similar character, affected him unfavorably in the consid- 
 eration of his neighbors, and caused among the Friends 
 more or less distrust as to his real character, notwith- 
 standing his supeiidr intelligence and unexceptioflftble 
 moral deportment. 
 
 In the summer of 1817, Henry Cox received informa- 
 tion that his Irish estates were at length disencumbered, 
 and he immediately commenced preparations for leaving 
 America during the following spring. It appears by a 
 minute on the Londongrove Monthly Meeting, dated 9th 
 month 17, 1817, that he applied for and obtained a certifi- 
 cate at that date certifying his membership to Friends in 
 Dublin. Before those preparations were completed his son 
 Richard, a young man , well educated and of great promise, 
 was killed by a fall from his horse. This sad accident was 
 a terrible shock to the father, mother, and family, and 
 awakened the sympathy of the neighborhood. This sym- 
 pathy was manifested in so considerate and kindly a man- 
 ner as to inspire in the bereaved family the most grateful 
 recollections of the Isind-hearted people among whom he 
 had previously dwelt without quite comprehending them. 
 The accident which was fatal to Richard occurred Dec. 
 29, 1817, and Henry Cox, having completed his arrange- 
 ments, sailed for Liverpool early in the following spring. 
 When he reached the town upon which his lands bordered, 
 he was met by his tenantry in a body with demonstrations 
 of joy. His horses were taken from his carriage, and he 
 was drawn by the crowd to his old mansion, "where he was 
 welcomed by the acclamations of his people. Immediately 
 previous to his departure he published a poem written 
 during his residence in East Marlborough. It was issued 
 in a little volume from the press of Kimber & Sharplesa, 
 No. 93 Market Street, Philadelphia, and was entitled " The 
 Pennsylvania Georgics." It was a pastoral poem in imita- 
 tion of the Georgics of Virgil, and descriptive of a farmer's 
 life in Pennsylvania. The author directed that after Kim- 
 ber & Sharpless should be fully repaid the expense of print- 
 ing and publishing from the proceeds of sale, the residue 
 of the profits, whatever they might be, should be handed 
 over to the Widow's Asylum, of which Mrs. Sarah Ralston 
 was the head. After disposing of as many copies as would 
 fully indemnify them, the publishers sent the remainder of 
 the edition to the Widow's Asylum. About the. time his 
 little volume came from the press an error was discovered, 
 which was a subject of some mortification to the author. 
 Two lines in the early part of the poem were repeated in 
 the latter part. He called at the store of Kimber & Sharp- 
 less and requested that the latter couplet should be stricken 
 out. Mr. Isaac Pugh, who was then in attendance in the 
 store, pointed in answer to the motto on the title-page, — 
 
 " No line, which dying I would wish to blot," 
 and observed that, after adopting such a motto, the blotting 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GKNEALOGICAL. 
 
 507 
 
 of the two lines would not look well, and that, at all events, 
 not one reader in twenty would observe the repetition. Mr. 
 Cox insisted, however, upon the obliteration, and a dozen 
 or two of copies were treated as he desired. I happened 
 to be in the store at the time of this interview, and well 
 recollect Mr. Pugh informing me of what had occurred im- 
 mediately after Mr. Cox had withdrawn. He, if I recol- 
 lect aright, was then on his way to New York to embark 
 for Liverpool. He was dressed as one of the plainest of 
 the Friends. I soon after learned, hqwever, that on his 
 way from New York to Liverpool he (JoflFed his plain coat, 
 threw his broad-brimmed hat into the sea, and appeared in 
 the ordinary dress of a man of the world. The news of 
 this transformation caused a good deal of talk among those 
 who had known him in America, and strengthened the sus- 
 picions that were previously entertained, that his connec- 
 tion with the Friends was a matter of caprice or policy, 
 rather than of principle. 
 
 Henry Cox, after his return to Ireland, in the course of a 
 few years became involved in the troubles which have ob- 
 tained for centuries between landlords and their tenants in 
 that unhappy and ill-governed country. These caused him 
 much annoyance and anxiety of mind, and are supposed to 
 have hastened his death. He died in the year 1822 of in- 
 flammation of the brain. 
 
 During his residence in America he pursued the avoca- 
 tion of a farmer, upon rather a large scale, with energy and 
 industry. He did not immediately adapt himself to the 
 modes of tillage in vogue in Pennsylvania, but adhered for 
 some time with characteristic pertinacity to the course of 
 farming with which he was acquainted in Ireland, under 
 different conditions of soil and climate, This want of 
 readiness on his part to adopt new modes, made necessary 
 by circumstances, interfered with his success. Some fail- 
 ures, however, taught him the lessons which he was slow to 
 learn, and he came at length to follow our ordinary agricul- 
 tural processes, He did not depend upon the products of 
 his farm wholly for his support, but received occasionally 
 moderate remittances through William Warder, of Phila- 
 delphia, from his steward in Ireland. 
 
 He was a man of large frame, of good features strongly 
 marked, and of somewhat decided aud regolute aspect. His 
 manners were those of a well-bred gentleman, accustomed 
 to society, yet he had somewhat of a poldierly air and a 
 bearing that was deemed aristocratic. This made him un- 
 popular with the people generally of the neighborhood, with 
 whom he did not seem ready to associate on terms of 
 equality. In his intercourse with persons of education and 
 culture he was habitually cordial and agreeable, and there 
 was no assumption of superiority. Jn a word, his adoption 
 of the principles of Friends did not alter his notions of 
 social distinction, and he could not readily accommodate 
 himself to the republican level to which his neighbors ex- 
 pected him to conform. He was strictly honorable in his 
 dealings. But he did not patiently brook opposition, and 
 he had an imperative way with him that seemed to indi- 
 cate a consciousness of the right to command. I recollect, 
 when a boy under fourteen, meeting with him unexpect- 
 edly, I had been sent on an errand to his landlord, Isaac 
 Pennock, and stopped at his house to inquire the way. He 
 
 came out into the piazza in front of his dwelling on my 
 summons, and gave me courteously and explicitly the di- 
 rections that I needed. I was so much struck with the 
 appearance and gentlemanly demeanor of the man that I 
 mentioned the circumstance to my father on my return 
 home, and told him that I had noticed a scar on the back 
 of one of his hands as he placed it on the rail of the piazza 
 while speaking. My father then informed me who ho was, 
 and what were his objects in removing to this country, and 
 also that he had been an ofiScer in the British army and 
 had served in India, and that the scar which I had ob- 
 served was caused by a cannon-ball, which had grazed his 
 hand in action and taken off the skin without inflictins; 
 permanent injury. 
 
 When Henry Cox left this country he had the appear- 
 ance of being a man about sixty years of age. His family 
 accompanied him to Ireland, and one of his sons took with 
 him a wife, whom he married in this country. Richard, at 
 the time of his death, was under an engagement of mar- 
 riage with Miss Alison, a sister of the late Oliver Alison, 
 Esq. The daughters of Henry Cox corresponded with 
 Friends in America for some years after their return to 
 Ireland. Two of them, Katharine A. Cox and Arabella 
 Lucas, are still living in Queenstown, Ireland, and he has a 
 grandson, Richard S. Cox, Esq., who now resides in 
 Toronto, Upper Canada. 
 
 In " The Strange Friend" there are some embellish- 
 ments to which we are indebted solely to the imagination of 
 the author. One of them is the love of the landloi'd's son 
 for a daughter of his tenant, which resulted in a disappoint- 
 ment so grievous that the young man never married. » 
 
 Whether Isaac W. Pennock ever had any fancy for either 
 of the Misses Cox I am not informed ; but certain it is that 
 if he had it was attended with nothing very serious, for he 
 married, not long after the family left America, a very lovely 
 lady of the city of Philadelphia, who is, I believe, still 
 living. 
 
 In the tale of " The Strange Friend" the principal actor 
 is represented as playing a hypocritical part from the he- 
 ginning in passing himself off as a member of the Society 
 of Friends conscientiously attached to its principles ; and 
 there seems to be a general impression in the community 
 accustomed to worship at the old Londongrove meeting- 
 house that the representation is true as applied to Henry 
 Cox. But this view of the subject is hardly credible. It 
 is difficult to believe that a man of his associations and high 
 social position should have so far forgotten what was due to 
 his own character as to wear the mask attributed to him 
 during nineteen years of the best part of his life, when it is 
 obvious that such a deception could afford to no honorable 
 mind either amusement or satisfaction, but must have been 
 most humiliating to his self-respect. It is still more diffi- 
 cult to believe that he should have educated his children in 
 principles essentially diverse from his own, and enforced 
 upon them habits and usages not conformable to his own 
 tastes and opinions. He was doubtless eccentric and proba- 
 bly unstable, and his views and feelings may have been 
 largely influenced at different periods of his life by differ- 
 ences in the condition of his fortune and his prospects. 
 He may not have had the moral courage to meet his old asso- 
 
508 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ciates in the character and garb of a Friend, and subject 
 himself to the ridicule with which he would be liable to be 
 assailed by them, wholly unacquainted as they probably were 
 with the peculiarities of the people with whom he had con- 
 nected himself. There was doubtless much inconsistency in 
 his conduct, but he does not appear to have been, in any of 
 the elements of his character, of the stuff of which hypocrites 
 are made. 
 
 As to the merits of his poem I am unable to speak. I 
 can recollect that it was written in heroic English meas- 
 ure, and that the versification was easy and flowing, and the 
 rhythm faultless. On the fidelity of its descriptions I 
 formed no judgments. I have endeavored to find a copy, 
 but have failed after extensive inquiry. Writing verses 
 seems to have been a family proclivity. I have some now 
 in my possession written by his son Richard, and others 
 by his son Sackville. Though pretty clever for young men 
 of their age, they are not remarkable. They give no indi- 
 cation of genius. 
 
 Although Henry Cox before leaving this country was 
 furnished at his own request with a certificate from the 
 Monthly Meeting of Friends at Londongrove showing his 
 right to membership in the society, he does not appear to 
 have made any use of the document on his return to Ire- 
 land. He certainly never associated with the Friends in 
 that country, nor did he profess the principles or conform 
 to the peculiar usages of the sect during any part of his 
 subsequent career. 
 
 CULBERTSON, John, Esq., died Nov. 11, 1767, aged 
 57 years, and was buried at Brandywine Manor church. 
 Maj. John Culbertson, probably a son, was an active Whig 
 during the Revolution. He died Sept. 12, 1794, aged 55 
 years, and Sarah, his wife, April 15, 1812, aged 75. 
 
 The following notice occurs in Saffell's " Records of the 
 Revolutionary War" : 
 
 " Captain Samuel Culbertson, of Colonel Montgomery's Regiment 
 of Flying Camp, a Fort Washington prisoner, was captured Nov. 16, 
 
 1776. He was a prisoner, within certain bounds on Long Island, until 
 Aug. 16, 1779, when he was ordered into the city prisons of New 
 York. Lewis Pintard and Colonel Palfrey supplied him, in 1776 and 
 
 1777, with money. He was exchanged Nov. 2, 1780, at Elizabethtown, 
 N. J., and made his way to his place of abode, at Yellow Springs, Pa. 
 Capt. Culbertson was possessed of fine literary abilities and military 
 talents." 
 
 Margaret, wifeof Samuel Culbertson, died May 12, 1811, 
 in her 66th year. 
 
 CUN INGHAM, Capt. Allen, was of the Scotch- 
 Irish stock, and was born in County Armagh, Ireland, in 
 1738. He emigrated to this country in 1765, and set- 
 tled at New London Cross-roads, in Chester County, in 
 1775. 
 
 In the war of the Revolution he actively participated in 
 the campaigns of 1776 and 1777, in Pennsylvania and 
 New Jersey. He commanded a company at the battle of 
 Brandywine, in the division of Gen. Maxwell. This com- 
 pany was held in reserve, in a grove near Chads' Ford, during 
 the whole eventful day, with positive orders not to fire a 
 gun until specially directed ; and although exposed to dan- 
 ger, and liable to be shot down by the enemy, not a man 
 violated the order, but remained at his post, ready and 
 eager for the order to fire. It was not given, and this brave 
 
 portion of the reserve, in the evening, marched off the field 
 as coolly as veterans. 
 
 He was a man of talent and education, as his letters 
 written while in the service (some of which have been re-' 
 cently published) abundantly evince. He was noted for 
 his probity and punctuality in his engagements, for his ex- 
 cellent judgment, and his industry and uprightness in busi- 
 ness ; so much so that his honor and industry were pro- 
 verbial in his neighborhood. 
 
 The lives of few men have been more checkered with 
 good and evil, and although not volatile or over-cheerful in 
 disposition, he was never known to be despondent. To use 
 his own words, he was " twice shipwrecked, twice robbed, 
 twice burned out, twice married, and had two sons and two 
 daughters." He never held an office, and although fre- 
 quently and earnestly solicited, never could be induced to 
 accept any station either in church or state, — a virtue with 
 which the present generation are not very familiar. 
 
 He died May 15, 1801, at the age of 63. His remains 
 were interred in New London graveyard, and the stone 
 which covers his grave contains the simple record of his 
 name, his years, and the time of his death, together with a 
 line from Pope, — 
 
 "An honest man's the noblest work of God." 
 
 Gen. John W. Cuningham was a son of Capt. Allen 
 Cuningham, and was born in the village of New London, 
 Chester Co. (then, and until recently, known as New Lon- 
 don Cross-roads), in the year 1779. In this village he re- 
 sided during his entire life. 
 
 He represented Chester County in the State Legblature 
 in the years 1809 and 1810, and was appointed prothono- 
 tary by Governor Wolf, Feb. 15, 1830. This office he held 
 during the entire administration of Governor Wolf, — six 
 years, — and was esteemed a very efficient and accomplished 
 officer. He also held the office of clerk of the court during 
 the greater portion of the same period. Gen. Cuningham 
 was a Presidential elector in 1828, when Gen. Jackson was 
 first elected to the Presidency, and was the Democratic can- 
 didate for Congress in 1836. 
 
 He possessed a strong and vigorous mind and great 
 benevolence of character. He was a devoted friend of the 
 soldiers of the Revolution, and was frequently called upon 
 by them for assistance in making applications for pensions, 
 and he prepared and put together the evidence of their 
 claims for the mere pleasure of the task. Indeed, the 
 whole neighborhood made frequent requisitions upon his 
 services, and never in vain. To all he was kind, consider- . 
 ate, and obliging, and no one was more useful in his day , 
 and sphere. His name and his character inspired confi- 
 dence, and a promise given to perform anything was fol- . 
 lowed by execution, or the most strenuous efforts at fulfill- 
 ment. 
 
 His " stane of memorial," in the old graveyard at New 
 London, contains this inscription, — 
 
 " Sacred to the memory of John W. Cuningham. In public life 
 esteemed and variously employed. As a neighbour, upright, firm, , 
 and friendly. At home, tender and affectionate. Of the Presbyte- 
 rian Church an^ttached member, and for twenty-nine years a ruling 
 elder. He departed this life April 26, 1840, in the sixty-first year of 
 his. age," 
 
The Cornog family early set- 
 tled in this county, where Its 
 descendants are quite numer- 
 ous. Abner, son of Abraham 
 and Dinah Cornog, married 
 Margaret Davis. To them 
 were horn nine children, five 
 sons and four daughters, of 
 whom the eldest son and fifth 
 child, Mordecai Davis Cornog, 
 was horn Teb. 18, 1818, in 
 Hasttown township. On his 
 mother's (Davis) side he is 
 likewise of Welsh descent. 
 He passed his youth on his 
 father's farm and was educated 
 in the subscription schools. 
 He was married Peb. 18, 1837, 
 to Sophia Curll, daughter of 
 Thomas and Margaret Curll. 
 
 This union was blessed with 
 three children : Naomi, mar- 
 ried to Watson Lobb j Ella, 
 married to Christian Lapp ; 
 and Jennette Davis. He began 
 farming on his own account in 
 Charlestown township just be- 
 fore his marriage, and some 
 seven or eight years subsequent- 
 ly came to the place he now 
 owns. This is the old Cornog 
 homestead of one hundred and 
 sixty -seven acres, to which 
 
 MORDECAI D. CORNOG. 
 
 ^^y^. ^^snnA.^^ 
 
 his parents removed when he 
 was but one year old, and 
 which after his father's death 
 he toolc at the appraisement. 
 Farming has been his avoca- 
 tion, with considerable atten- 
 tion paid to dairying. He has 
 served on the school board and 
 taken an active interest in edu- 
 cational matters. He belongs 
 to the Great Valley Baptist 
 Church, where he and his fam- 
 ily worship. 
 
 He is identified with the Re- 
 publican party, but has never 
 sought political place or power. 
 His post-office is Cheater Val- 
 ley, on the railroad of the same 
 name. His farm is located in 
 a beautiful region, and has 
 upon it fine improvements. 
 He is a highly respected citi- 
 zen in the community, and is 
 a systematic farmer, raising 
 large crops, particularly of 
 corn. He is a man of good 
 business tact and judgment, as 
 was his father, Abner, who by 
 industry and careful manage- 
 ment acquired an estate of over 
 seven hundred acres of choice 
 farming lands. 
 
 KESIDENCB OF MORDECAI D. CORNOG, TREDYFFRIN. 
 
HENllY E. CHRISMAN. 
 
 On Sept. 5, 1730, Daniel 
 Chrisman arrived from Ger- 
 many in the ship " Alexander 
 and Ann," William Clymer 
 master, from Eotterdam, last 
 from (Jowes, as the vessel's re- 
 port shows. He settled in 
 Worcester township, then part 
 of Philadelphia, now of Mont- 
 gomery County. He had a 
 son, Henry, who was the father 
 of Jacob Chrisman, who mar- 
 ried Margaret Evans. To this 
 couple were horn five children, 
 of whom the third son and 
 fifth child, Henry E. Chris- 
 man, was born April 8, 1822, 
 in East Vincent township. On 
 the maternal side he is of 
 Welsh extraction. He spent 
 his boyhood days on the farm ; 
 attended the common schools, 
 and afterwards the academy of 
 Kev. Mr. Kodenbaugh, in 
 Montgomery County. He be- 
 ganfarmingonhisown account 
 in 1873, having previous to that 
 time been managing the estate 
 of his father. He was mar- 
 ried June 13, 1877, to Martha, 
 daughter of John Chrisman. 
 He is a general farmer, and 
 has two hundred and seventy- 
 six acres of land, upon which, 
 in 1880, he erected his present 
 
 farm residence. He^has served 
 on the school board. He at- 
 tends, with his family, the 
 Lutheran Church. Is a Demo- 
 crat in politics, but has never 
 been an office-seeker. His 
 farm is the same deeded by 
 Thomas Willing to Hazel 
 Thomas, Dec. 24, 1794, and 
 was a part of " Callowhill 
 Manor," of one thousand acres, 
 on a branch of French Creek, 
 and conveyed by the Proprie- 
 tary under Ponn, April 16, 
 1686, to Robert Thompson. 
 Henry, grandfather of Henry 
 E. Chrisman, bought it at 
 sheriff's sale, and the deed is 
 dated Feb. 26, 1819, the land 
 being sold in settlement of 
 Hazel Thomas' estate at judi- 
 cial sale. 
 
 Henry E. once belonged to 
 the First Troop of Chester 
 County militia, was in it some 
 six or seven years, and in the 
 latter part of this time com- 
 manded a company. He went 
 with the troop to Philadelphia 
 to suppress the " Southwark 
 Kiot," under the command of 
 Capt. Hallman, whom he suc- 
 ceeded as captain, receiving his 
 commission from Governor 
 Johnston. 
 
 RESIDENCE OP HENRY E. CHRISMAN, EAST VINCENT. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 509 
 
 CUNNINGHAM, Samuel, of Nantmeal township, was 
 a member from this county in the convention of July 15, 
 1776, to form the first State constitution. He was also a 
 member of Assembly in 1776 and 1777 ; appointed col- 
 lector of excise Nov. 27, 1778, and justice of the peace 
 Aug. 26, 1791. He died June 26, 1806, aged 74 years, 
 and was buried at Brandywine Manor. Sarah, his widow, 
 died Jan. 30, 1807, aged 66, and his son John, Jan. 24, 
 1816, in his 47th year. 
 
 CURRIB, Rev. William. — The following account of 
 Mr. Currie was taken down from the lips of a lady who was 
 well acquainted with him, and whose statement may be relied 
 upon as being entirely correct: "William Currie was born 
 and educated in Glasgow, Scotland, and under the following 
 circumstances emigrated to America. A Mr. Carter, of 
 Virginia, having an only son, placed him at college in Glas- 
 gow to receive all the advantages of a liberal education ; 
 but being an only child, and consequently a great favorite 
 with his parents, they were soon led to regret the step they 
 had thus taken in separating themselves from their son. 
 They at once determined to send for him, requesting the 
 faculty to send one with him who would be competent to 
 perform the duties of a tutor, and under whose instructions 
 he would be able to complete his education. Mr. Currie, 
 being then much esteemed in the college as a man of learn- 
 ing and sound judgment, was at once recommended, and 
 consented to take charge of his young pupil, and shortly 
 after sailed for America. With this family he continued a 
 number of years, after which he came to New Castle, in 
 Delaware, where he became intimately acquainted with the 
 Rev. Mr. Ross, a clergyman of the Episcopal Church, and 
 under whose influence he was led to examine the doctrines 
 and discipline of the Church of Scotland, and was accord- 
 ingly recommended by the Rev. Mr. Ross to the Royal 
 Society of England, whither he proceeded for ordination. 
 After his return he became rector of Perkiomen, Radnor, 
 and St. Peter's Churches. He was married to the eldest 
 daughter of Mr. Ross, by which marriage he had five sons 
 and one daughter, — John, James, William, Richard, Alex- 
 ander Ross, and Elizabeth. His daughter Elizabeth was 
 married to Dr. Demon, of Reading. John was educated to 
 the legal profession, and married a wealthy lady named 
 Orookshank; they lived and died near Bethlehem, Pa. 
 James, William, and Alexander were physicians. Alexan- 
 der went to one of the West India Islands, married and 
 died there. William married and died in Philadelphia. 
 Richard joined the First Militia, and went to Amboy ; af- 
 terwards returned and died, leaving a widow and three 
 children to the care of his father. 
 
 "Mr. Currie continued to be the rector of the above 
 churches until independence was declared. Feeling that 
 he could not violate his ordination vows by refusing to pray 
 for the king of England, he resolved to give up the charge 
 of the churches. He accordingly left the churches, but oc- 
 casionally preached by request, and performed other duties 
 appertaining to his office. His second wife was Lucy Ann 
 Jones, formerly a Miss Godfrey, at this time the widow of 
 David Jones. He resided for a few years after this mar- 
 riage on his farm in Tredyffrin, situated a short distance 
 from Washington's encampment at Valley Forge. He here 
 
 lost his second wife, after which he gave his farm into 
 other hands and resided with his tenants. His grand- 
 daughter married, and Mr. Currie spent the remainder of. 
 his days with her, and died at the advanced age of 105 
 years. He was interred at Radnor church, together with 
 his two wives and his son Richard ; he died some time dur- 
 ing the autumn of 1803." 
 
 DARLINGTON, Job, of Darnhall, Cheshire, England, 
 with Mary, his wife, had children, — Abraham, John, Joseph, 
 Matthew, Jane, Mary, and perhaps others. The mother, 
 died Dec. 18, 1728, and the records of the parish of 
 Whitegate show that Job was buried Aug. 11, 1731. Of 
 the children, Abraham and John came to Pennsylvania, and 
 tradition says it was through the inducement of John 
 Neild, an uncle by marriage, who lived in Aston township. 
 There is evidence that the boys came while not yet fully 
 grown. John is said to have gone to Maryland, and it is 
 not known that there are any of his descendants bearing his 
 name. 
 
 Abraham, born 1690, was bound apprentice to a saddler 
 at the age of eleven years, and followed that calling after 
 his arrival in this country. His residence for some years 
 was in Aston, whence he removed to a farm in Birming- 
 ham, which he bought in 1723 from the heirs of John 
 Fred, now belonging to Clement Biddle. He early joined 
 with Friends, and was married among them in the 1st 
 month (March), 1712, to Deborah, daughter of Joseph 
 Carter. She died leaving no children, and he married in 
 the 10th month, 1716, Elizabeth Hillborn, daughter of 
 Thomas and Elizabeth, of Bucks County. She died 12 
 28, 1771, and was buried at Birmingham on the 30th 
 Abraham died 2, 9, 1776. 
 
 Their children were as follows: 1. Mary, b. 1, 14, 1717-8 
 m. 2, 29, 1736, to Moses Pyle. 2. Deborah, b. 7, 13 
 1719; m. 10, 16, 1741, to Samuel Taylor, of East Brad 
 ford. 3. Elizabeth, m. 9, 21, 1750, to Isaac Pyle. 4, 
 Abraham, m. 1, 18, 1769, to Mary Nicklin, and 11, 22 
 1786, to Lettice Ryan ; descendants few in number. 5 
 Thomas, m. 4, 25, 1754, Hannah, daughter of Edward 
 Brinton, of Birmingham, and settled in East Bradford, on 
 100 acres of his father's land, purchased from John Strode 
 in 1750. 6. John, m. 3, 17, 1751, Esther Dicks, daughter 
 of Peter and Sarah, of Providence, and settled on 100 
 acres, the remainder of his father's purchase in East Brad- 
 ford, where he died 2, 3, 1813. 7. Hannah, m. 4, 30, 
 1752, to William Jefferis, of East Bradford. 8. Rachel, 
 m. 4, 25, 1765, to William Seal, of Birmingham; second 
 husband Isaac Miller, a first cousin of her former husband, 
 to whom she was married 7, 3, 1777. 9. Job, probably: 
 died young. 10. Rebecca, m. 12, 28, 1763, to John 
 Brinton, of Kennet. 
 
 Aug. 20, 1853, a sesqui-centennial gathering, of the 
 Darlington family met at the residence of Brinton Darling- 
 ton, grandson of the emigrant, in East Bradford, where 
 nearly four hundred persons were presentj out of the 
 thousand and more then living. 
 
 The children of Thomas and Hannah Darlington were, — 
 11. Edward, b. 6, 13, 1755 ; 12. Abraham, b. 8, 28, 1757 ; 
 13. Thomas, b. 1, 21, 1760 ; 14. Jesse, b. 2, 16, 1762 ; 15. 
 Amos,b. 3,, 15, 1764; 16. George, b. 8,22, 1766; 17. 
 
510 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Stephen, b. 10, 25, 1768; 18. Hannah, b. 1, 27, 1771 ; 
 19. Elizabeth, b. 2, 7, 1773 ; 20. Emanuel, b. 6, 28, 1775 ; 
 
 21. Brinton, b. 12, 23, 1781. 
 
 The children of John and Esther Darlington were, — 
 
 22. Sarah, b. 3, 1, 1752; 23. Job, b. 12, 20, 1753; 24. 
 Joseph, b. 12, 12, 1755 ; 25. Elizabeth, b. 8, 15, 1757 ; 
 26. Esther, b. 7, 7, 1759; 27. Deborah, b. 5, 1, 1761; 
 28. Leah, b. 8, 29, 1763; 29. Rachel, b. 8, 29, 1763; 
 30. John, b. 3, 17, 1766; 31. Zillah, b. 9, 5, 1769. Of 
 these. Job married Rebecca Hoopes, remained at the home- 
 stead, and had children, — Joshua, Esther, Susanna, Garrett, 
 Job (now at the same place), John T., and Jacob E. Dar- 
 lington. 
 
 Edward Darlington (11) married, 3, 8, 1781, Hannah, 
 daughter of John and Joanna Townsend, of East Bradford, 
 born 12, 17, 1760, died 8, 9, 1826. Edward died 4, 1, 
 1825. Their children were William, b. April 28, 1782, 
 d. April 23, 1863 ; Thomas, b. June 27, 1784, d. Feb. 17, 
 1866; Ziba, b. June 1, 1788, d. Nov. 7, 1876; Sarah, b. 
 July 19, 1790, d. May 12, 1818 ; Samuel, b. Nov. 6, 1793, 
 d. Dec. 25, 1794 ; Jane, b. Sept. 9, 1796, d. Jan. 3, 1817 ; 
 Edward B., b. Dec. 16, 1798, d. May 6, 1851, m. March 
 
 23. 1831, to Hannah Sharpies, daughter of Nathan H. 
 and Martha, of West Chester. 
 
 Of these, Thomas was possessed of a love for family his- 
 tory, and many of the family papers. He died unmarried, 
 and these papers passed into the hands of his brother Ziba, 
 who spent the last years of his life in West Chester. He 
 was a fine old gentleman, with a mind well stored with rem- 
 iniscences of the past, which he took pleasure in relating. 
 He was first married, Feb. 19, 1829, to Hannah Webb, but 
 their children died young. His second marriage was on 
 March 5, 1850, to Ruth C. Gilpin, who survives him. 
 
 Henry T. Darlington, son of Edward B. and Hannah, 
 learned the printing business, and at the time of his death 
 was proprietor of the Buclcs County Intelligencer, trustee 
 of the West Chester State Normal School, commissioner 
 for the erection of the Insane Asylum near Norristown, 
 etc. 
 
 Abraham Darlington (12) married, 3, 22, 1781, Susanna, 
 daughter of Isaac and Esther Chandler, born 10, 10, 1760, 
 died 5, 12, 1849. He died 2, 14, 1844, having had the 
 following children : 
 
 Isaac (judge), b. 12, 13, 1781, d. 4, 27, 1839; Han- 
 nah, b. 5, 16, 1783, d. 11, 2, 1839; Thomas, b. 11, 14, 
 1784, d. 11, 8, 1860; Benedict, b. 9, 22, 1786, d. 7, 17, 
 1864; Abraham, b. 7, 17, 1789, d. 7, 31, 1879 ; Clement, 
 b. 7, 4, 1791, d. 8, 19, 1791 ; Esther, b. 5, 5, 1793, d. 
 1, 7, 1877; Susanna, b. 11, 11, 1795, d. 9, 15, 1803; 
 Eliza, b. 5, 26, 1797, d. 3, 17, 1878; Cidney, b. 2, 19, 
 1799, d. 7, 7, 1868; Chandler, b. 11, 4, 1800, d. 3, 29, 
 1879; William, b. 10, 19, 1804, d. 12, 6, 1879. Of the 
 eldest and youngest of these sketches arc here given. 
 
 Thomas, the second son, married Mary Brinton, 9, 7, 
 1809, daughter of Joseph and Mary, b. 6, 24, 1788, d. 1, 
 27, 1828. He died 11, 8, 1860. His children w«re 
 Brinton (sherifi"), Clement, Abraham B., Mary Ann, Jane 
 Susan, Joseph, Isaac, Melinda, Franklin, Thomas, Edward 
 Alfred, and Chandler. 
 
 George Darlington (16) married, 5, 28, 1795, Lydia, 
 
 daughter of Richard and Lettice Barnard, of Newlin, born 
 8, 6, 1770, died 5, 31, 1826. He died 5, 16, 1839,.in 
 Pennsbury, now Pocopson, township. His children were 
 Hannah, Richard, Stephen, Cyrus, George, Joseph, Hill- 
 born, Lydia, and Eliza. Richard married Edith Smedley, 
 daughter of Thomas and Abigail, of Willistown, and re- 
 moved to West Marlborough. His brothers, Stephen, George, 
 and Joseph, reside on adjoining properties in Pocopson. 
 
 Brinton Darlington (21) married, 11, 12, 1807, Sarah 
 Garrett, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth, of Willistown, 
 born 4, 24, 1785, died 2, 19, 1854. Brinton died 8, 29, 
 1860. His children were Isaac G. (who was a noted maker 
 of ice cream), Brinton, Thomas B., Hillborn (a physician), 
 Elizabeth, and Sarah Ann. 
 
 Jared Darlington, son of Jesse (14) and Amy, estab- 
 lished a high reputation as a dairyman, in which he is suc- 
 ceeded by his sons, at and near Darlington Station, in Mid- 
 dletown, Delaware Co. 
 
 De. William Daelington, LL.D. — Dr. William Dar- 
 lington, the eldest child of Edward and Hannah (Town- 
 send) Darlington, was born near the ancient village of Dil- 
 worth,- now called Dilworthstown, in Birmingham township, 
 April 28, 1782. He descended from ancestors each branch 
 of which, as far as it can be traced, was an unmixed race 
 of plain English Quakers. He was early inured to the se- 
 vere labors of agricultural life, and when old enough to 
 hold the plow was kept at work in the summer, and only 
 permitted to go to school in the winter season. He ob- 
 tained a good English education under John Forsythe, an 
 Irish Friend, one of the best teachers of that time in the 
 county, and in the spring of 1800 entered the office of 
 Dr. John Vaughan, a reputable physician of Wilmington, 
 Del. While pursuing his medical studies he also acquired 
 a knowledge of the French language, and there developed 
 a passion for the study of languages which enabled him 
 afterwards to master the Latin, Spanish, and German. 
 During the scourge of the yellow fever in 1802, all the 
 physicians in Wilmington fled but Dr. Vaughan and his 
 pupil, William Darlington, who continued heroically at 
 their posts and rendered faithful services in that fearful 
 epidemic. In the winters of 1802-3 and 1803-4 he at- 
 tended the medical lectures in the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and June 6, 1804, graduated, being the first citizen 
 of Chester County who took the degree' of Doctor of Medi- 
 cine in that university. The subject of his inaugural the- 
 sis was " The Mutual Influence of Habits and Disease," 
 which received a flattering compliment from the distin- 
 guished Prof Rush. At the close of his second course of 
 medical lectures he attended the botanical lectures of Prof. 
 Benjamin Smith Barton, and thus began his first acquaint- 
 ance with that science whose beauties and pleasures he, in 
 later years, did so much to illustrate, and in so successful a 
 manner as to make his name known and respected through- 
 out the botanical world. On receiving his diploma, he re- 
 turned to his native place and commenced the practice of 
 medicine. In the following year he was appointed phy- 
 sician to the Chester County Almshouse, and also surgeon 
 to a regiment of militia. The latter appointment, how- 
 ever, caused his disownment by the Society of Friends, 
 of which he was a member, as it was contrary to their 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 511 
 
 discipline to assist in or encourage war in any manner 
 whatever. In 1806, Dr. Darlington was appointed sur- 
 geon to an East India merchantman belonging to Phila- 
 delphia, and made a voyage to Calcutta, whence he returned 
 the following year. A sketch of the observations made 
 during this voyage was, some years afterwards, published 
 in the form of familiar letters in the Analectic Magazine. 
 In the year succeeding his return from Calcutta he settled 
 in West Chester and resumed the practice of medicine, 
 and was soon in the enjoyment of an extensive and profita- 
 ble practice. He was married, June 1, 1808, to Catharine, 
 daughter of Gen. John Laeey, of New Jersey, an oflScer of 
 distinction in the Revolutionary war. In 1811 he was 
 made a trustee and secretary of the West Chester Academy, 
 then about to be built, and these ofiSces, then conferred 
 
 in Congress he was distinguished for untiring and assiduous 
 industry and attention to the duties of his station. In 
 1822 he was appointed by the Secretary of War a Visitor 
 to West Point, and his report attracted great attention 
 throughout the country. 
 
 In 1825 Pennsylvania commenced her grand scheme of 
 canals and railroads, and Dr. Darlington was one of the 
 members of the first Board of Canal Commissioners, and 
 was associated with such men as Albert Gallatin, John 
 Sergeant, Robert W. Patterson, and David Scott, whose 
 names hold a distinguished place in our country's annals. 
 He served in that station two years, during the last of 
 which he was president of the board. In 1826, in con- 
 junction with some of his intimate friends, he assisted in 
 organizing the Chester County Cabinet of Natural Sciences, 
 
 on him, were continued more than half a century, and up 
 to his death. In September, 1814, during the war of 1812, 
 he went to the camp on the Delaware River as an ensign 
 in the American Grays, a volunteer company of West 
 Chester, and there was chosen major of the first battalion, 
 in which his company was assigned, in which post he served 
 until the corps was disbanded. In 1814 he was elected to 
 the Fourteenth Congress of the United States, and in 1818 
 and 1820 elegted to the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Con- 
 gresses from the same district. During his second terra 
 the celebrated Missouri question agitated the Union from 
 one end to the other, and called forth the ablest efforts of 
 the best men in Congress. On that question Dr. Darling- 
 ton was found ranked with those who were desirous to re- 
 itrict slavery, and raised his voice in a most able speech in 
 opposition to its extension. While serving his three terms 
 
 of which institution he was president from its origin ; 
 and in the same year he published his " Cestrica," being 
 a catalogue of plants growing around the borough of West 
 Chester. The arduous duties of the oflSce of canal commis- 
 sioner calling him away from home more than was either 
 convenient or agreeable, he resigned that office the next 
 year, and was almost immediately thereafter appointed pro- 
 thonotary and clerk of the courts of his native county by 
 his political and personal friend, the late lamented Governor 
 Shulze, the duties of which office he continued to discharge 
 till 1830. In 1828 he and some of his medical friends co- 
 operated and formed the Medical Society of Chester County, 
 of which he was unanimously placed at its head, which po- 
 sition he held until 1852, when he resigned, and was im- 
 mediately elected an honorary member. In 1830 the Leg- 
 islature appointed him one of the commissioners to lay out 
 
512 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 a State road from the Delaware River, near New Hope, to 
 the Maryland line, in a direction towards Baltimore. About 
 the same time, through the exertions of himself and other 
 prominent citizens, the West Chester Railroad was built by 
 a company of which he was the first president, and super- 
 intended the construction of the road. In 1830 he was 
 elected president of the Bank of Chester County, of which 
 institution he had been one of the commissioners named in 
 the charter for receiving subscriptions of its capital stock, 
 and a director almost ever since its establishment in 1814. 
 He was re-elected annually, and continued in that station 
 at the time of his death. In 1837, Dr. Darlington pub- 
 lished his " Flora Cestrica," a description of the flowering 
 plants of Chester County, which was a-new edition of his 
 former work, much enlarged and greatly improved. In 
 1847 he prepared and published his " Agricultural Botany," 
 and in 1843 he collected the letters, memoranda, etc., of 
 Dr. William Baldwin, a native of his own county, who was 
 also passionately devoted to botany, but who died at an 
 early age while on the expedition up the Missouri under 
 Maj. Long. These remains were given to the world in a 
 volume entitled " Reliquiae Baldwinianae." The pioneers 
 of botany in Pennsylvania were Humphry Marshall and 
 John Bartram, both of Chester County ; and Dr. Darling- 
 ton collected in 1849 such portions of their correspondence 
 as still remained in existence, comprising, together with 
 their own letters, those of many eminent botanists of the 
 day, and published them in one large volume, with illustra- 
 tions of their homes, under the title of " Memorials of Bar- 
 tram and Marshall." The doctor's son, Lieut. B. S. B. 
 Darlington, who for seventeen years had been an oflScer in 
 the United States navy, died at Portsmouth, N. H., in 
 1845, of a disease contracted during the first cruise of our 
 squadron on the coast of Africa, under the stipulations of 
 the Ashburton treaty which concern the slave-trade. His 
 youngestf son, who bore his name, was acting colonel of the 
 Eighteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry during the war of the 
 Rebellion of 1861-65. In 1853 the name of Darling^ 
 tonia Califomica was given in his honor by Dr. Torrey, 
 of New York, to a new and remarkable variety of pitcher- 
 plant found in California, and a similar honor had been con- 
 ferred on him in 1825 by Prof De CandoUe, of Geneva, 
 for the doctor's eminent services in the beautiful science of 
 botany. Shortly after the death of Lieut. Darlington, that 
 aifiicting dispensation was followed by one still more severe 
 and poignant in the death of the doctor's wife. She had 
 borne him four sons and four daughters, and for nearly 
 forty years had been his faithful counselor and partner. 
 Soon after her death he became a member of the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church, the congregation of which he had 
 years before assisted in forming, as well as in aiding in the 
 erection of its church edifice. 
 
 Dr. Darlington died April 23, 1863, aged nearly eighty- 
 one years, with his mentalvigor unimpaired, but his phys- 
 ical system worn out by a long and active life. In his 
 earlier years he was an ardent politician, and a warm Repub- 
 lican of the school of 1800, and was long a leader of the 
 Democratic party of his county. He was a zealous sup- 
 porter of the administrations of Jefferson and Madison, and 
 of the economical doctrines of the American system, as ad- 
 
 vocated by Clay, Carey, Niles, and Calhoun, before the lat- 
 ter turned nullifier. The radical tendencies of the Demo- 
 cratic party, in the campaign of 1824, caused him to aban- 
 don that pstrty for the more conservative principles of the 
 men who supported Adams and Clay, and he was from that 
 time onward a Whig and Republican. As a political 
 writer, hg was bold, nervous, and sententious, with a strong 
 vein of sarcasm running through his compositions, whilst 
 as the author of numerous literary addresses and scientific 
 dissertations, delivered before bodies of that character, his 
 style was easy, plain, and flowing, mingling wit and humor 
 with knowledge and instruction. As a physician, he en- 
 joyed an extensive practice, and whilst he continued his 
 medical labors he was confessedly at the head of his pro- 
 fession in Chester County. He received the degree of 
 Doctor of Laws from Yale College, and that of Doctor of 
 Physical Science from Dickinson College, and he was 
 elected a member of more than forty literary and scientific 
 associations, among which may be mentioned the Ameri- 
 can Philosophical Society of Philadelphia and the Botani- 
 cal Society of the Netherlands at Leyden. 
 
 The last work in which he was engaged was " Notae 
 Cestrienses," or notices of Chester men and events, the 
 joint production of himself and his friend, J. Smith 
 Futhey, each contributing a portion thereof Dr. Darling- 
 ton was then nearly eighty years of age, and the work was 
 only finished a few months before his death. 
 
 His extensive herbarium of plants and his scientific 
 works he bequeathed to the Chester County Cabinet of 
 Natural Science. 
 
 His remains repose in the Oaklands Cemetery, near 
 West Chester, in the establishment and embellishment of 
 which he took a deep interest. The following is the epi- 
 taph inscribed upon his memorial stone, written by himself 
 twenty years before his death : 
 
 " Flantse Cestrienses, quas dilexit atque illustravit, super tamulum 
 ejus semper floreant." (The plants of Chester, which he loved and 
 described, may they blossom forever above his tomb.) 
 
 Isaac Darlington, eldest son of Abraham and" Su- 
 sanna (Chandler) Darlington, was born in the township of 
 Westtown, Chester Co., Dec. 13, 1781. He was of the 
 fourth generation from Abraham Darlington, the first im- 
 migrant of the family, which at a sesqui-centennial gather- 
 ing of the clan in 1853 mustered nearly four hundred, 
 and reckoned altogether upwards of one thousand living 
 members. 
 
 While Isaac was yet young, his father and family re- 
 moved to Thornbury township, near Birmingham Meetings 
 house, where he was brought up and had his .home until 
 he had nearly reached the age of eighteen i year?. His 
 father had been taught the trade of a blacksmith (for in 
 those days it was usual for young men of reputable family 
 to learn- some mechanic art), and was an excellent work- 
 man ; but he was also a practical farmer, and carried on 
 both occupations with extraordinary energy, 8kill,-and suc- 
 cess. He likewise, for a number of years, filled the oflSce 
 of justice of the peace with great credit to himself, and to the 
 entire satisfaction of the vicinage. He was a hard worker 
 on the farm through the day, and did the smith-work for 
 the neighborhood during the noon intermission, and in the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 513 
 
 evening, often wielding the hammer until late bedtime. His 
 sons were early initiated into the same industrious habits, 
 and Isaac, being the eldest, as soon as he acquired suf- 
 ficient strength to swing a sledge-hammer, labored con- 
 tinually with his father in the fields, and was moreover 
 taught to blow and strike in the smith-shop at noon and 
 in the evening. Probably no boy in Chester County was 
 trained to more laborious habits in early life than Isaac 
 Darlington. 
 
 His education was simply English, with a fair start in 
 mathematics, and his schooling was limited to the winter 
 season as soon as he reached an age or was strong enough 
 to work on the farm or take his stand by the anvil. It is 
 true he had the benefit of the instructions of John For- 
 sythe, the best schoolmaster of that period and region of 
 
 teacher, whose pupils were often his seniors. In his eight- 
 eenth year, dissatisfied with the drudgery, and impatient 
 under the routine duties of a rural pedagogue, as then 
 practiced, he turned his attention to the profession of the 
 law and became a student in the office of Joseph Hemphill, 
 Esq., at that time a distinguished member of the bar at 
 West Chester. Although, like most county towns of that 
 day. West Chester was a place of perilous dissipation, es- 
 pecially among the young men of the legal profession and 
 sundry idle hangers-on of society, Isaac Darlington, amid it 
 all, applied himself so successfully to his studies that he was 
 found duly qualified, and admitted to the bar at the early 
 age of twenty years.* The powerful grasp of his intellect 
 enabled him — maugre the prevalent, unpropitious habits of 
 the time— speedily to take a high and influential position 
 
 /hOuej^OAX^ 
 
 t^ 
 
 country, and under that tuition he made extraordinary pro- 
 gress. Isaac Darlington's physical constitution was remark- 
 ably sound and vigorous, and from his earliest youth his in- 
 tellectual powers and attainments so far exceeded those of 
 his juvenile contemporaries as to excite the admiration of 
 all who knew him. At the age of fifteen years his aspira- 
 tions reached beyond the farm and smith-shop ; but as his 
 father did not then perceive the importance of a thorough 
 education for such faculties (a circumstance much to be re- 
 gretted, for he was endowed with a singular aptitude for 
 learning), instead of sending the boy of so much promise 
 to a seminary, where his powers could be adequately trained 
 and developed, he was merely permitted to take charge of 
 an insignificant country school. In this occupation Isaac 
 Darlington was engaged for two or three winters, and ac- 
 quitted himself with remarkable success for so juvenile a 
 65 
 
 among his professional seniors who then attended the 
 county courts and adorned the West Chester bar.. 
 
 In the years 1807 and 1808 he was elected to the State 
 Legislature, where he was an active member ; but, finding 
 the position to interfere with his practice, he declined a 
 further continuance in that station. At a special election, 
 
 * In a chronological list of West Chester lawyers, showing the dates 
 of their admission respectively, it appears that Isaac Darlington was 
 admitted at November term, 1801, some two or three weeks before be 
 was [twenty years old. Tradition says that when the committee 
 asked him if he was of age he carelessly replied, " Not quite ;" and, 
 judging from his finely-developed, manly form and nonchalant 
 manner that he must have nearly reached that period, one of them 
 remarked that a few days more or less were of little consequence : 
 and, with a complimentary report in his favor, the precocious minor 
 forthwith took his stand among the veterans of the Chester County 
 bar. 
 
514 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHBSTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 however, in February, 1816, to supply a vacancy, he was 
 chosen to the same body without opposition. During the 
 war of 1812-15, although a zealous member of the polit- 
 ical party opposed to that war, when the strife began to 
 be serious Isaac Darlington aided in raising a company of 
 volunteer infantry for the defense of altars and firesides ; 
 was the first lieutenant and master-spirit of the corps, and 
 on the call of the Governor, in 1814, after the sack of 
 Washington City, marched with it to the camp formed for 
 the protection of Philadelphia. He there served as adju- 
 tant of the Second Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers 
 until the close of the campaign. 
 
 At the general election in 1816 he was elected by the 
 district composed of Chester and Montgomery Counties a 
 member of the Fifteenth Congress, and served through the 
 term, but declined being again a candidate. 
 
 In December, 1820, he was appointed deputy attorney- 
 general for Chester County, which office he held until May, 
 1821, when he received the appointmentof president judge 
 of the judicial district composed of the counties of Chester 
 and Delaware. This situation he held until his death, 
 April 27,1839. 
 
 Judge Darlington was twice married, first to Miss Mary 
 Peters, by whom he had two interesting daughters, the 
 eldest of whom especially was distinguished for rare per- 
 sonal and mental endowments ; but he survived them 
 both, and has left no descendant^. His second wife was 
 Miss Rebecca Fairlamb, who survived him nearly twenty 
 years. 
 
 William Darlington, youngest son of Abraham and 
 Susanna, was born 10th mo. 19, 1804, and married, 3d mo. 
 19, 1.829, Catharine Paxson. Their children— fifth gen- 
 eration in America — were Charles, d. in childhood ; Wil- 
 liam H., m. Hettie, daughter of Caleb Brinton ; Stephen 
 P., m. Josephine, daughter of Hon. Joseph J. Lewis; 
 Francis J., m. Annie M. Biles, of Maryland ; Isabella, m. 
 Maj. L. G. McCauiey ; and Catharine Mary, m. Jerome B. 
 Gray. William Darlington studied law with his brother. 
 Judge Darlington. On Jan. 31, 1826, he was examined 
 by Ziba Pyle, William H. Dillingham, and Townsend 
 Haines, a committee appointed by the court, who reported 
 " that fhey find him well qualified to practice as an attorney 
 of this court," whereupon he was admitted and sworn in at 
 the bar on same day before his brother, who was then the 
 presiding judge. The discipline, flexibility, and ease which 
 collegiate education is supposed to best supply were in his 
 case attained by self-culture, quick observation, engrafted 
 into the stock of native good sense, superadded to such 
 educational facilities as the local schools afforded ; and with 
 a natural aptitude for the practical adaptation of circum- 
 stances and means to ends, he became, like his illustrious 
 brother, a man of intuitions. He soon achieved a deserved 
 prominence at the bar. He was steadfast to his profession 
 from the commencement of his practice, in 1826, to the 
 moment of his death, when he sank down in the corridor 
 of the court-house, Dec. 6, 1879, while on his way to the 
 court-room to try a cause. His practice was chiefly con- 
 fined to the county courts in Eastern Pennsylvania and the 
 Supreme Court of the State, although he was frequently 
 engaged in the District Court of the United States at 
 
 Philadelphia, and was a member of the Supreme Court of 
 the United States at Washington. As the committee of 
 the Philosophical Society of West Chester, of which Mr. 
 Darlington was a distinguished member, has aptly said, 
 " There was nothing dramatic nor startling in his career, 
 but he kept right on in the higher levels of local practice, 
 surrounded by a large and wealthy clientage, whom he 
 served always with the utmost alacrity and fidelity. 
 
 " ' Untainted by the guilty bribe, 
 Uncursed amid the harpy tribe.' " 
 
 In 1837, when less than thirty years of age, he was 
 elected a member of the State convention to remodel the 
 constitution, where he bore so active and discreet a part that 
 thirty-five years later, when further amendments were to be 
 considered, the people with one accord recommissioned him 
 to represent them in the Constitutional Convention of 1873, 
 in which he took a most conspicuous and honorable part. 
 He served as deputy attorney-general for Chester County 
 from 1835 to 1838, under Governor Ritner, but had a dis- 
 taste for the practice of criminal jurisprudence, as it was in 
 the deeper and richer mines of legal science that he most 
 loved to delve, consequently his practice was of the most 
 desirable and lucrative kind. About the year 1857 he 
 traveled in Europe, attended the " World's Fair,'' and kept 
 a journal of all he witnessed worthy of preservation. He 
 visited the locality where his progenitor. Job Darlington, 
 lived, at Darnhall, and discovered many facts relative to the 
 Darlington lineage. He lived to see all his children mar- 
 ried, well established, and flourishing, and it was his delight 
 to prosper them. He was a great student, and his literary 
 tastes, although varied and quite ardent, seemed to incline 
 more to modern history, which, it is believed, he read more 
 as a record of events than as showing a development of 
 thought in a strictly literary sense. As the " memorial" of 
 the Philosophical Society happily said, — 
 
 " He was a man who, in the strong language of Napoleon, was 
 * victory organized.' He rose up out of the common level, lifting up 
 others with him, 
 
 " Not propped by ancestry, 
 Whose grace chalks successors their way," 
 but by the force of his own merits acquired high station and great 
 wealth ; yet he was not puifed up, proud, or aristocratical, but re- 
 mained plain and unpretending and true-hearted; was easily ap- 
 proached, and always interested in the wants and purposes of the 
 people, countenancing worthy young people, and taking an active 
 part in affairs." 
 
 Richard Darlington, son of Richard and Edith, was 
 born Aug. 14, 1834, and first educated in the common 
 schools of West Marlborough township. At sixteen years 
 of age he went to Jonathan Gause's academy, near Mar- 
 shallton, and afterwards was for two years or more a pupil 
 at Ercildoun Boarding-School. He now entered upon the 
 work of instruction, teaching for a while in this last-named 
 school ; then a select school near Greet! Tree ; at Westfield, 
 N. J. ; and at Friends' Central High School, Philadelphia. 
 During all his spare hours from teaching he was engaged 
 in the study of French, Latin, phonography, and many 
 other branches, and in 1858 entered Harvard University, 
 directing his attention chiefly to the studies of the Law- 
 rence Scientific School of that institution, to which he 
 added geology, botany, chemistry, and other branches, undei' 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOaiCAL. 
 
 515 
 
 Agassiz, Gray, Cook, Horsford, and other noted professors 
 of that day. In 1861 he bought the Ercildoun Seminary 
 for Young Ladies (since removed to West Chester), and 
 conducted it from that to the present time. This school is 
 now known as " Darlington Seminary," named after its pro- 
 prietor, and which for the last twenty years he has managed 
 with marked success. In 1857 he began reading law, but 
 his educational duties engrossed so much of his time that 
 he abandoned the study and resumed teaching and lectur- 
 ing. He is one of the leading educators of the county ; 
 takes an active part as a lecturer in teachers' institutes and 
 in the State Teachers' Association. He was president of 
 the West Chester Philosophical Society, in which he takes' 
 a deep interest. He married, in 1861, Lizzie F. Alexan- 
 der, of Bucks County, formerly a teacher in Ercildoun 
 Seminary, an accomplished scholar, and deeply interested 
 in the various departments of the institution over which she 
 presides. He gives most of his time to his profession, but 
 does not fail to take an active interest in all scientific, liter- 
 ary, and political movements that are transpiring around 
 him. Darlington Seminary was founded in 1854 as -' Er- 
 cildoun Seminary," at Ercildoun, but in 1877, Mr. Darling- 
 ton purchased a valuable property three-fourths of a mile 
 southwest of West Chester, to which he removed that 
 school in October, on the completion of the new buildings, 
 where the new school opened. The grounds are beautifully 
 laid out, and the surroundings are most tasteful and satis- 
 factory. The grounds include twenty-six acres, and the 
 school buildings, commodious and elegant, admit of about 
 sixty boarders. It is the largest private school in the county, 
 and one of the largest in Eastern Pennsylvania. He and 
 his wife conducted the Ercildoun Seminary from 1861 
 until 1877, when the buildings were partially destroyed by 
 a tornado,* after which the school was removed to its pres- 
 ent location. They had while the Ercildoun school was 
 under their control over 1200 boarders, and in their four 
 years at West Chester have frequently been unable to 
 accommodate all who desired to attend. Four teachers are 
 employed, and the pupils, from every section of the Union, 
 embrace in part those designing to become teachers. It is 
 in no sense a local school, but extends its influence to the 
 most remote parts of the country, and its direct control and 
 management have always been under the care of its learned 
 and popular principal and his accomplished wife, who de- 
 vote their time and attention to its minutest details. The 
 great secret of its success has been in the careful supervis- 
 ion exercised over its various departments, and in the char- 
 acter of the instruction bestowed upon its pupils.f 
 
 William Darlington, a settler in West Nantmeal 
 about 1730, came perhaps from Ireland, judging from 
 his associations. He died in the fall of 1757, leaving a 
 wife, Mary, and children,— Joseph, Robert, John, and 
 Meredith. 
 
 Safiell gives the foUpwing notice of a member of this 
 &mily : 
 
 * An illustrated description of this tornado is given on page 459 
 of this work. 
 
 t ^or a further account of the Ercildoun Seminary and the Dar- 
 lington Seminary, of West Chester, see the department " Educational 
 and Literary," in this work. 
 
 "Lieut. Robert Darlington, of Col. Watts' Regiment of Flying 
 Camp, was captured at Fort Washington, Nov. 16, 1776, and was con- 
 fined on Long Island. He was admitted to parole May 26, 1777, but 
 was ordered into the New York city prisons on the 17th of August, 
 1779, where he was supplied by Mr. Pintard and Mr. Beatty, and was 
 honored, on the 6th of June, 1777, with a warrant for one hundred 
 and sixty-seven dollars from His Excellency Gen. Washington. He 
 was exchanged at Elizabethtown, May 14, 1781, and returned to his 
 home in Chester Co., Pa. Lieut. Darlington was an able officer, a ripe 
 scholar, and polite gentleman." 
 
 Robert Darlington had seen military service prior to the 
 Revolution, and about 1770 was keeping tavern near the 
 Brandywine Manor church. He was an Episcopalian. 
 
 Joseph Darlington was a single man in Aston in 
 1715, and in 1718-19, of Goshen, but in 1721 was a 
 married man in Cain township, where he probably resided 
 until his death. 
 
 DAVID, James, of Tredyffrin, purchased land there in 
 1711, which he conveyed to his grandson of the same 
 name in 1741. He died in or about 1744, leaving a 
 daughter Margaret, wife of James Abraham, Jane (mar- 
 ried to Thomas James, May 15, 1722), Eleanor, unmarried, 
 and some grandchildren by a deceased son, viz. : James 
 David, Elizabeth (married to David Parry, Sept. 27, 1735, 
 
 and secondly to Hackett), Mary (married to Henry 
 
 Owen), etc. 
 
 Eleanor Davis inherited the homestead of 100 acres, and 
 with her lived John Thomas, whose wife, Elizabeth, was 
 her niece, and Rachel James, the daughter of her sister 
 Jane. Eleanor Davis and John Thomas were murdered 
 and Rachel James dangerously wounded, Aug. 1, 1752, by 
 three men, two of whom were subsequently caught and 
 hung. 
 
 Llewellyn David, of Haverford, " sawyer," pur- 
 chased Oct. 16, 1708, from Lewis Walker, of Valleyton 
 (TredyflFrin), 300 acres of land in the latter township. He 
 had purchased in 1705 205 acres in Easttown, but did 
 not settle there. He was married, Nov. 14, 1709, to 
 Bridget Jones, by whom he had four children, — Elizabeth, 
 Isaac, Sarah, and Llewellyn. His widow married April 7, 
 1722, James David, or Davies, of Tredyffrin. Isaac Davies, 
 or Davis, son of Llewellyn and Bridget, married. May 30, 
 1738, Elizabeth, daughter of John and Mary Bartholomew, 
 and, buying the interests of the other heirs, settled on the 
 homestead in Tredyffrin. He was a justice of the peace 
 and an active citizen ; died in 1778, leaving a wife and 
 children, — Benjamin, Mary (married to John Morgan), 
 Thomas, John, Sarah (married to Daniel Wilson), Eliza- 
 beth (married to Maj. Ezekiel Howell), and Joseph, a phy- 
 sician. His widow survived him about one year, dying in 
 July, 1779. 
 
 The property was divided between the sons, — Benjamin,^ 
 John, and Thomas. John Davis married Ann Morton, 
 daughter of John Morton, the signer, and had children, — 
 Isaac, John Morton, Mary, Charles Justis, Ann, Benjamin, 
 and Albert. His services in the Revolution are set forth 
 in a petition to Congress, from which we make the following 
 extract : 
 
 "The Petition of Charles J. Davis, Administrator, &c., of John Da- 
 vis, late of Tredyfferin township, in the county of Chester, and State 
 of Pennsylvania, deceased, respectfully represents the said John Davis, 
 who entered the Army of the Revolution in the year 17,76, raised a 
 
516 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 company and served as Captain of the same, and on the 21st day of 
 October, a.d., 1780, was regularly commissioned a Captain in the 
 Pennsylvania Line, and continued in the service to the end of the war. 
 
 " His commission, signed by John Jay, his oath of allegiance, taken 
 before General Lord Sterling, his certificate of membership of the So- 
 ciety of Cincinnati, a copy in his hand writing of the military orders 
 issued while the army was encamped at Valley Porge, and his diary 
 of the military events with which he was personally connected down 
 to January, 1782, about the time when active military operations were 
 suspended,. are still extant, and have been exhibited to committees of 
 Congress, Capt. Davis was present at and participated in the bat- 
 tles of Brandywine, Paoli, Germantown, Monmouth, Stony Point, and 
 Yorktown ; and he was also with Gen. Wayne in South Carolina and 
 Georgia during his operations in those States. 
 
 "By an Act of Congress, of the 21st day of October, 1780, it was 
 provided that all officers continuing in the service until the close of 
 the war, should be entitled to half pay for life. This half pay thus 
 promised Capt. Davis never received." 
 
 In April, 1800, John Davis was appointed brigadier- 
 general of the First Brigade of the militia of Chester and 
 Delaware Counties, and on March 31, 1803, was commis- 
 sioned an associate judge of Chester County, a position he 
 continued to fill until disabled by the infirmities of age. 
 He died in 1827. 
 
 His son, John Morton Davis, born 1788, died 1848, 
 married 1818, Elizabeth Knight, of Philadelphia, by whom 
 he had two children, Mary and Albert K., who reside at 
 the homestead. John M. Davis married in 1830 a second 
 wife, Anna Maria Walley, by whom he had children, — Wil- 
 liam W., Henrietta, John M., Elizabeth, Isaac Henry, and 
 Anna Maria. 
 
 Dr. Isaac Davis* was the eldest son. of Gen. John 
 Davis, of the Great Valley, Chester Co. His mother was 
 Nancy, the daughter of John Morton, a name familiar 
 to every one who has read of our struggles for independ- 
 ence. 
 
 Dr. Davis was born in Tredyffrin township, Chester Co., 
 Pa., July 27, 1787. He commenced the study of the 
 Latin and Greek languages with the Rev. Wm. Latta, af- 
 terwards went to Norristown, and pursued his education 
 with diligence and success under the direction of the Rev. 
 John Jones, a Presbyterian clergyman. In the year 1806 
 he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Joseph 
 Shallcross, of Darby, Delaware Co., and after remaining 
 some time he placed himself under the tuition of Dr. 
 Elijah Griffith, of Philadelphia, and completed his medical 
 education by attending three courses of lectures in the 
 University of Pennsylvania. He received his diploma from 
 that institution in 1810. Ho entered upon the practice of 
 his profession in Edgmont township, Delaware Co., and 
 was cared for in the family of Everet Passmore, near the 
 " William Penn." He had, however, been there but a short 
 time, says Dr. Thomas Harris, U.S.N, (and his intimate 
 • friend), before he received an appointment from President 
 Madison as surgeon of the Sixth Regiment of the United 
 Infantry, under the command of Col. Simonds, who was 
 then stationed at Albany, N. Y. 
 
 After being at Albany about six months the regiment 
 was ordered to Carlisle, Pa. From there he, with his 
 regiment, was sent to Pittsburgh, Mobile, New Orleans, 
 Baton Rouge, and finally to Fort Jackson, Miss., where 
 
 » By C. J. Morton, M.D., in Medical Reporter, vol. i. p, 126. 
 
 he closed his life by the rupture of a blood-vessel in the 
 lungs, July 21, 1814, in the twenty-seventh year of his 
 age. Dr. Davis was a talented and accomplished gentle- 
 man and skillful physician. He was never married. 
 
 John Davis, or David, of Uwchlan, purchased 100 
 acres there in 1715, and is said to have come from Rad- 
 norshire. He died in 1736, leaving a widow, Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Daniel and Sibyll Harris, and children, — 1. 
 Daniel, who died in Uwchlan about 1784, probably un- 
 married. 2. Hannah, m. 9, 10, 1743, to David Cadwala- 
 der. 3. Mary, m. 9, 28, 1740, to David John. 4. Rachel, 
 b. 2, 10, 1720; m. 3, 10, 1745, to Joshua John. 5. 
 Elizabeth, m. to Jonathan Worrall. 6. Sibbilla, b. 1, 1, 
 1726 ; m. 4, 13, 1746, to Edward Williams, and 3, 27, 
 1754, to William Kirk, of Nantmeal. 7. Amos, b. 3, 1, 
 1728 ; d. 2, 23, 1782 ; m. 5, 5, 1757, Elizabeth, daughter 
 of John and Grace Meredith, of Vincent; second mar- 
 riage, 6, 7, 1771, to Agnes, widow of William Brown, 
 daughter of Evan and Susanna Jones. 8. Abigail, prob- 
 ably died unmarried. 9. John, m. Hannah, daughter of 
 Griffith and Ann John. 10. Ruth, b. 3, 27, 1733 ; m. 
 to Jacob Williams. 11. Benjamin, b. 7, 27, 1736 ; d. 10, 
 9, 1809 ; m. 10, 31, 1771, to Hannah, daughter of John 
 Davies, of Radnor, by whom he had children, — John, 
 Mary, Elizabeth, Hannah, Benjamin, Amos, Tacy (m. to 
 Thomas Woodward, of Thornbury), Samuel, Sibbilla, 
 Sarah, and Ruth (m. to Samuel Smedley). 
 
 John Davis, of Thornbury, died in March, 1719-20, 
 leaving a wife, Mary, and children, — Abraham, John, 
 Daniel, Isaac, Mary, Hannah, Susanna, and Charity. This 
 family continued to own land in Thornbury and the lower 
 end of East Bradford, now Birmingham, until after the 
 Revolution. 
 
 Asa Davis, born 8, 8, 1743, son of William and 
 grandson of Lewis and Florence David ; married Elizabeth 
 Humphreys in 1769, and came, perhaps, from Haverford to 
 East Bradford in 1784. He had children, — Elizabeth, Wil- 
 liam, Jane, and James, of whom the first married Jesse 
 Reece, and was the mother of Davis Reece, who occupied 
 the position of governor in Westtown Boarding-School 
 from 1831 to 1859. William Davis married, 10, 14, 1802, 
 Mary Hibberd, and had children, — Emmor, Elizabeth, 
 John, Sarah, Deborah, Samuel H., and Martha. 
 
 Roger Davis, M.D., the son of Isaac Davis, was born 
 in Charlestown township, Chester Co., Oct. 2, 1762. His 
 mother's name previous to marriage was Sophia North. She 
 was a resident of Montgomery County. He received a good 
 English education, and under the instruction of the Rev. 
 Mr. Simon ton, pastor of the Valley Presbyterian Church, 
 obtained an excellent knowledge of the Greek and Latin 
 languages. He pursued his medical studies under the 
 direction of Dr. Duffield, of Philadelphia, and attended 
 three full courses of lectures at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania, though he took no degree. About the year 1785 
 he commenced the practice of medicine in his native town- 
 ship, where he continued to reside until his death. He 
 was married to Sarah Jones, of the township of Heidelberg, 
 Berks Co., on May 10, 1785. By this marriage he became 
 the father of thirteen children, of whom (in 1852) four 
 were living,— two sons, Jones and Thomas Davis, physi- ■ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 517 
 
 cians, in Montgomery County ; Isaac Morris Davis, residing 
 upon the homestead farm ; and a daughter, Maria Ander- 
 son, a widow, in the same township. In the year 1809 he 
 was chosen a representative to the State Legislature, and 
 served two years in that hody. In 1811 he took his seat 
 as a member of the Lower House of Congress, in which 
 he served four years. He died of congestive fever, Nov. 
 20, 1815, aged fifty-three years. 
 
 Dr. R. Davis, as a man, was highly esteemed ; as a phy- 
 sician, he was greatly beloved ; as a husband and father, he 
 was kind and affectionate. 
 
 The facts for this notice were furnished by his son, 
 Dr. T. Davis.* 
 
 Nathaniel Davis and Hannah Martin were mar- 
 ried March 4, 1746, at the First Presbyterian Church, 
 Philadelphia, and resided in Charlestown, Chester Co. 
 Their son Hezekiah served in the Revolutionary war, 
 and was taken prisoner at Fort Washington. He was 
 exchanged Dec. 8, 1780, at Elizabethtown, and returned 
 home. He was a member of Assembly in 1803 and 1804. 
 J. M. Toner, of Philadelphia, communicates the follow- 
 ing to'the Pennsylvania Magazine, iv. 120, as copied from 
 a document on file in the pension oflSce in that city : 
 
 "Lieut. Hezekiah Davis, born on Not. 22, 1747, in Charlestown, 
 Chester Co., Pa., and residing there in 1832, enlisted earlj in 1776 
 in Fifth Pennsylvania, Col. Magraw, which was afterwards captured 
 at Fort Washington, Nov. -16, 1776. Davis was appointed lieutenant 
 in Capt. Culbertson's company, belonging to the Flying Camp, Sept. 
 7, 1776, which commission was signed by Benjamin Franklin, Presi- 
 dent of Council of Pennsylvania, and joined his regiment. Col. Wm. 
 Montgomery, but as he did not take the command, it was organized, 
 etc , by Lieut.-Col. Thomas Bull. The regiment was raised in Chester 
 County and went to Fort Lee, which was being or was built by the 
 corps of the Flying Camp, the troops laying around in huts and tents. 
 From there they were ordered to Fort Washington, where the Flying 
 Camp were taken prisoners, the engagement continuing from early 
 mom till late in the p.m. The prisoners were taken to New York City, 
 and Davis confined with others on board the prison-ship, but in a few 
 weeks went to Long Island, and exchanged Dec. 7, 1780. , 
 
 " During his captivity he made a list of officers who were prisoners 
 of war and detained in New York City and on Long Island from offi- 
 cial document*, showing the rank, dates of commission, the corps to 
 which they belonged, the time when captured, and place where taken, 
 as well as those who had died prisoners of war, which document he 
 exhibited to court in 1832 when making his affidavit for his pension. 
 The Legislature of Pennsylvania, by act of April 2, 1822, granted him 
 a pension. He names Dr. Wm. Darlington as one to whom he is well 
 known. He always resided in Charlestown." 
 
 Caleb Davis was one of the active Chester County 
 men of the Revolutionary period, who figured considerably 
 in our Colonial Records and Pennsylvania Archives. His 
 duties were chiefly civil, but seem occasionally to have been 
 partly military. In April, 1776, he obtained £1500 for pay- 
 ment for firelocks, etc., in Chester County ; also £100 and 
 an order for two quarter-casks of gunpowder. In April, 
 1777, the Board of "War made a requisition upon Col. Caleb 
 Davis, Chester County, for wagons. But in July, 1777, he 
 was appointed prothonotary and clerk of the courts of Ches- 
 ter County, with Thomas Cheyney, Esq., as his surety ; in 
 which offices he was continued until 1791. May 5, 1778, 
 an order was drawn on the treasurer, in favor of Caleb 
 Davis, for the sum of £15, for six days' riding to Gen. 
 Potter's camp and through the neighborhood of Darby and 
 
 * Medical Reporter, vol. i. p. 96. 
 
 Chester, in order to gain intelligence. Caleb was a promi- 
 nent target for the shafts of the county wits during the 
 protracted struggle for the removal of the seat of justice 
 from the ancient Upland to West Chester, viz., from 1780 
 to 1786, when the removal was effected. But he was also 
 a good officer and a zealous patriot in the times which put 
 men's real worth to the test. The old gentleman was dis- 
 tinctly remembered, towards the close of the last century, 
 in his retirement on a valuable farm near Chester, but the 
 exact date of his decease has not been ascertained. 
 
 Joseph C. Davis.— Caleb Davis, of Welsh descent, 
 and of a family early settled in this county, married Jane 
 Walker, of English extraction. Of their twelve children, 
 Joseph Cope Davis, so named for a friend of his father, 
 was born June 3, 1820, in Honeybrook township, 
 
 He 
 
 passed his youlh on a farm, was educated in the common 
 schools, and one of his early teachers was the distinguished 
 Professor McClune, now of Philadelphia. He learned the 
 blacksmith trade, which he followed for seventeen years. 
 He then engaged in the hardware business, in which he 
 continued some twenty-nine years. He began this busi- 
 ness in the basement of a tailor's shop, and increased it 
 until during the war his annual sales aggregated forty 
 thousand dollars a year. He erected the fine building in 
 Honeybrook where he successfully conducted this business, 
 from which some three years ago he retired. Since then 
 he has been engaged in selling sewing-machines, which be- 
 fore he had united in his hardware trade. He is also 
 largely interested in the insurance business, life and fire, — 
 in the former representing the " Penn Mutual," of Phila- 
 delphia,— and has been for eighteen years a director in the 
 Chester County Mutual Fire Insurance Company. He 
 was a director in the Bank of Chester Valley, at Coates- 
 ville, and for some years after its change into a national 
 
518 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 bank. He has been a director in the National Bank of 
 Honeybrook since its charter in the spring of 1868. He 
 was a member of the board of East Brandy wine and 
 Waynesburg Railroad for fourteen years, and until its ex- 
 tension to New Holland. He was married, Feb. 22, 1843, 
 to Rebecca A., daughter of William Buchanan, by whom 
 he has had nine children, of whom seven are living. Of 
 these, Franklin B., of the U. S. army, and three daughters 
 are married, viz. : Elizabeth, to Charles Hornberger; Mary, 
 to J. D. Landis, of Coatesville ; and Ida Almena to Mor- 
 decai Markward, of Coatesville. The other three living 
 are Norrie Evelin, Charles Walker, and Joseph Simpson. 
 The names of the two deceased were Asenath Ann and 
 William Summerfield. He is a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, and has filled all positions therein save 
 that of the ministry. He has added much to the material 
 growth of Honeybrook in building and in varied business 
 matters. 
 
 DEAN, William, brought a certificate to Newark 
 Monthly Meeting, 1, 3, 1714-5, from Tetbury, Gloucester- 
 shire, England, and married, 9, 15, 1722, Lydia, daughter 
 of Joseph and Hannah Gilpin, of Birmingham. She was 
 a minister among Friends. They at one time owned a 
 farm in what is now the southern part of West Chester, 
 which they sold to Nathan Sharpies in 1747, and removed 
 to Wilmington. They had children, — Isaac, Caleb, and 
 Hannah, born in Birmingham. 
 
 Jeremiah Dean, a brother of William, married in 1720 
 Hannah, daughter of Richard Buffington, of Bradford, by 
 whom he had children, — James, Nehemiah, John, and 
 Mary (m. to Joseph Cook). 
 
 Joseph Dean was the son of Rev. William Dean, a 
 Presbyterian clergyman, and was born at Ballymenagh, 
 county of Antrim, Ireland, Aug. 10, 1738. His father 
 was licensed by the New Brunswick Presbytery, Oct. 12, 
 1742, and was sent to Neshaminy and the Forks of the 
 Delaware. In 1745 he went into Virginia, but the year 
 following he was ordaine^ pastor of the congregation at the 
 Forks of Brandywine. He died July 9, 1748, at the early 
 age of twenty-nine, and his remains lie in the graveyard at 
 Brandywine Manor. He was an active, zealous, and faith- 
 ful minister. He had four sons, — Joseph, Benjamin, John, 
 and William, — and one daughter, who married a Mr. Flem- 
 ing, residing on the Susquehanna. Joseph Dean became a 
 large importing merchant in Philadelphia previous to the : 
 Revolution. He was a signer of the celebrated non-impor- 
 tation resolutions. At the outset of the war he loaned the 
 general government some sixty thousand dollars, which he 
 lost. In December, 1776, he was appointed by the Assem- 
 bly on the Committee of Safety, and on the organization of , 
 the Board of War a member of that body. In January, 
 1781, the Supreme Executive Council appointed him one 
 of the auditors " to settle and adjust the accounts of the 
 troops of this State in the service of the United States," 
 and in October following a warden of the port of Philadel- 
 phia. In 1790 he was chosen auctioneer of that city. 
 Joseph Dean purchased large quantities of real estate at the , 
 close of the Revolution, the property of attainted persons. 
 He died Sept. 9, 17^3. Mr. Dean was twice married, first ! 
 to Frances McCraeken, who died March 1, 1776; second ' 
 
 to Hannah Boyd, who departed this life June 28, 1823. 
 Their remains lie interred in the Moravian burying-ground 
 at the corner of Franklin and Vine Streets. A portrait of 
 Joseph Dean, by Peale, is in the possession of William F. 
 Dean, Esq., of Philadelphia. John Dean, a brother, was 
 a major in the army of the Revolution ; and William, 
 another brother, a colonel in the same service, who did 
 valiant duty at Princeton, Trenton, and Germantown.* 
 
 DELL, Thomas, of Upton, in the county of Bucks, 
 England, son of Thomas and Elizabeth, of that place, was 
 married, 5, 22, 1691, at Reading, to Mary Eldershaw, 
 of Reading, daughter of Edward and Mary, of Southwark, 
 Surrey. They had the following children : Mary, b. 5, 31, 
 1695; Sarah, b. 6, 11, 1699; Elizabeth, b. 6, 1, 1697; 
 Thomas, b. 9, 29, 1701 ; Edward, b. 2, 24, 1704, d. 5, 20, 
 1704. 
 
 Thomas Dell, late of Reading, in Berkshire, brought a 
 certificate to Chester Monthly Meeting, 10, 27, 1708, and 
 settled in Ridley township. He took an active part in 
 meeting affairs, and his wife was clerk for a considerable 
 time. He died 6, 15, 1750, aged 84, and she 9, 11, 1751, 
 aged 81. Their daughter Sai'ah died 7, 27, 1714 (or 1715); 
 Elizabeth married, 7, 29, 1720, William Swayne, of Marl- 
 borough. 
 
 Thomas Dell, Jr., married, 8, 7, 1728, Rachel Sharpies, 
 daughter of James and Mary, of Providence, and left chil- 
 dren, two of whom married, viz. : Sarah to Isaac Weaver, 
 7, 20, 1750, and Mary to William Pennell, 2, 25, 1751. 
 Prom these the name of Dell, as a given name, has de- 
 scended in'both Weaver and Pennell families. 
 
 DENNY, William, probably of Scotch-Irish stock, 
 settled in Uwchlan as early as 1735, and in 1750 obtained 
 a patent for 293 acres next to land of Robert Smith and 
 others. In 1775 he and his wife, Margaret, conveyed this 
 to David Denny, one of their sons. William died Oct. 8, 
 1784, in his 77th year, and his widow May 7, 1794, aged 
 76. 
 
 David Denny was an active patriot in the Revolution and 
 a useful citizen after its close; was a justice of the peace, 
 and one of the first directors of the poor. He died Nov. 
 4, 1820, in his 78th year. His first wife, Elizabeth, died 
 Sept. 21, 1809, aged 59 years, 6 months, 10 days, and 
 Martha, his second wife, died June 14, 1867, in her 78th 
 year. All were buried at Brandywine Manor church. 
 
 We find a William Denny, unmarried, in Birmingham, 
 1721-22 ; as a married man in West Nottingham, 1734 to 
 1740, and perhaps later. Walter Denny was also unmar- 
 ried in Birmipgham, 1721-22, a married man in West 
 Nottingham, 1724-26, and of Kennet, 1729-32. 
 _ William and Walter Denny, brothers, removed from 
 Chester to Cumberland County in 1745. William's wife 
 was Agnes, daughter of John Parker, and their son, Maj. 
 Ebenezer Denny, was a prominent officer in th,e Revolu- 
 tionary and Indian wars, born March 11, 1761. Ajournal 
 which he kept during some of the campaigns, was published 
 by the Historical Society some years since. David Denny, 
 for many years pastor of the Presbyterian Cliurch at Cham- 
 bersburg, was a son of Walter. ' . ' 
 
 * 2d AroMveg, i. 9. 
 
JAMBS M. DORLAN. 
 
 The United States government, 
 on June 11, 1872, granted by let- 
 ters a patent, No. 127,858, for an 
 improvement in " Sizing Paper, 
 etc.," to James M. Dorian, which 
 most valuable invention has be- 
 come of great benefit to the world. 
 It consists of a new and useful in- 
 gredient (in compounds or compo- 
 sitions of other ingredients) called 
 chloride of lime, bleaohing-powder, 
 orbleaohing-salts, or its equivalent, 
 to be made use of in any suitable 
 quantities, as and for an improve- 
 ment in creating or forming a pore- 
 less or water-proof gum size in 
 paper stock and paper pulp for 
 gum pulp-sizing paper of any or 
 all kinds, but more particularly for 
 gum-sizing paper stock and paper 
 pulp for making pulp-sized hang- 
 ing or house-wall and other wall 
 papers of all qualities. Mr. Dor- 
 Ian was born March 19, 1807, in 
 this county, near Manor meeting- 
 house. He early learned the paper- 
 making trade, beginning in his 
 fourteenth year, and during this 
 time only attended school one 
 month in a year. He served his ap- 
 prenticeship with Davis & Cooper, 
 and afterwards carried on the mill 
 for Joseph M. Downing, now (luie's 
 mill. 
 
 About the year 1832 he purchased 
 the paper-mill on the east branch 
 of the Brandywine, four miles from 
 Downingtown, and now known as 
 Dorian's mills. When he bought 
 it thirty-seven acres of land were 
 
 ^a^<H^ ^ c^^^f^;^^^^ 
 
 attached, and to this he added 
 nearly two hundred more. This 
 mill, operated successfully by him 
 for about fifty years, found a 
 market for its paper in New 
 York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. 
 During this time he never was 
 engaged in litigation with his 
 patrons. About fifteen hands were 
 employed to run the mill, which 
 is now operated by his son, Sam- 
 uel B. He was married in 1828 
 to Elizabeth Dowlin, to whom 
 were born eleven children; the 
 following are living: Samuel B.; 
 Thomas; John D.; James; Esther 
 Helena, married to Henry L. Mc- 
 Connell, of Philadelphia; and 
 Mary Elizabeth, married to Dr. C. 
 G. Traichler. Mr. Dorian is of 
 English descent, and was the son 
 of Samuel and Mary (Scott) Dor- 
 ian. He started with no capital but 
 his will and industry, and has 
 been eminently successful in the 
 race of life. He was elected jus- 
 tice of the peace, but owing to 
 his extensive business declined to 
 serve. 
 
 In 1851 he was elected from 
 Chester County a representative in 
 the Legislature, and served a full 
 term. Is a member of the Presby- 
 terian Church, and is highly re- 
 spected in the community. His 
 invention and patent to make paper 
 impervious to water, to which he 
 devoted much time and means, 
 has given him celebrity, and made 
 his name widely known. 
 
 RESIDENCE OP JAMES M. DORLAN, EAST BRANDYWINE. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 519 
 
 De BEELEN.— In the list of taxables in West Nant- 
 meal, soon after the close of the Revolution, we find the 
 name of " Baron Debillion." His full name is said to have 
 been Jacob Francis Frederick Nugent, Baron de Beelen, 
 but he signed himself simply Baron de Beelen Bertholf, 
 and his place of residence " Head of little Brandywine." 
 He was interested in botany, and obtained seeds and plants 
 for cultivation from Humphry Marshall. Tradition says 
 that he fled from his native land, and that his silverware, 
 China, and French-plate looking-glasses were the wonder 
 and admiration of the residents for miles around his home 
 near Cambridge. His remittances ultimately failed, and 
 his property passed into other hands. 
 
 DICKEY, Rev. Ebenezer, D.D., was born near Ox- 
 ford, Chester Co., Pa., March 12, 1772. His ancestors mi- 
 grated from the north of Ireland, and were members of the 
 Associate Presbyterian Church. His mother, whose maiden 
 name was Jackson, descended from English Puritans. 
 
 He graduated with great credit at the University of 
 Pennsylvania, of which Dr. John Ewing was then the pro- 
 vost, in the year 1792. He was licensed in 1794 as a 
 minister of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, 
 and in 1796 became pastor of the Associate Reformed con- 
 gregations of Oxford and Oetorara. His connection with 
 Octorara was continued until 1800, and with Oxford until 
 his death. His father and grandfather had both served as 
 elders in the latter church. 
 
 In 1822 a union took place between a part of the Asso- 
 ciate Reformed Synod and the General Assembly of the 
 Presbyterian Church, and the Oxford congregation, with 
 their pastor, came under the care of the General Assembly. 
 Mr. Dickey had taken an active part in bringing about this 
 union. In 1819 and 1820 he traveled extensively in 
 Europe for the benefit of his health. 
 
 He possessed eminent intellectual endowments, a clear, 
 comprehensive, and well-disciplined mind, and was a clear, 
 strong, solemn, and impressive preacher. He was a man 
 of great prudence and sincerity, and an eminently safe 
 counselor. His advice was frequently sought and seldom 
 disregarded. He was also characterized by amiability and 
 simplicity of character ; was cheerful, social, and afiection- 
 ate, and enjoyed the confidence of his congregation and of 
 the community in which he lived. 
 
 He was an earnest advocate of every cause promising to 
 advance the interests of man for this life as well as the 
 future. The cause of education, temperance, and agricul- 
 ture in his native county found encouragement at his hands. 
 He was free from sectarian bigotry, and his views were far 
 in advance of the general opinions and feelings of his day. 
 He seemed to have caught the first dawning light of the 
 world's progress, and his only desire to live was that he 
 " might see the great changes which would take place in 
 the next twenty years." 
 
 He was a prominent actor in the affairs of the church, 
 and exercised a commanding influence in her judicatories. 
 The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him 
 by the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, in 1823. He 
 died May 31, 1831, in the 60th year of his age. 
 
 Dk. Ebenezer V. DiCKET.-^Of the family of Samuel 
 Dickey, who came to this country from the north of Ire- 
 
 land early in the seventeenth century, his son, Samuel 
 Dickey, was married to Mary Jackson in 1759, and had 
 four.sons, — John, Samuel, Ebenezer, and David. Ebenezer, 
 born in 1771, had four sons, — John, Samuel, Ebenezer, and 
 
 David. Ebenezer V., the subject of this sketch, was born 
 in Oxford, Dec. 15, 1821. After completing his prepara- 
 tory studies in the academy at Hopewell, he entered La- 
 fayette College, and was graduated by the Medical Depart- 
 ment of the University of Pennsylvania in 1844, and 
 settled in the practice of medicine in Oxford. He ,was 
 married in 1845 to Miss Frances G. Ralston, daughter of 
 Samuel Ralston, of Brandywine Manor, and sister of Dr. 
 Ralston, of Norristown. She and three children survive 
 him. In connection with his brothers, John and Samuel, 
 he was largely instrumental in the building of the Balti- 
 more Central Railroad, of which he was president at the 
 time of his death. He was elected from Chester County 
 in 1856 to the State Legislature, and served one term in 
 the House, and having secured, with his brother Samuel, a, 
 charter for the Octorara Bank, which was located at Oxford, 
 was elected its first president. For the purpose of restoring 
 his health he traveled in Europe, but returned unbenefited, 
 and died July 31, 1858. As a man and as a physician he 
 was very much respected, and exerted a wide influence as a 
 citizen and member of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Rev. John Millee Dickey, D.D., for more than fifty 
 years was a most successful man in doing good. Remark- 
 able for the variety of the work accomplished, for the large, 
 comprehensive, and correct views entertained, and for the 
 independence shown in devising and executing plans of use- 
 fulness, the purity and benevolence of his motives and the 
 modesty and sincerity of his manner won for him the con- 
 fidence of all who labored with him, or who knew him. 
 The scene of Dr. Dickey's labors, and where for the most 
 
520 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 of his life he retained a home (residing a large part of each 
 year in Philadelphia), was the town of Oxfqrd, in Chester 
 County. Here, on Dec. 16, 1806, he was born,*the eldest 
 son of Rev. Ebenezer Dickey, D.D. Here his grandfathers 
 for three generations had lived, many of whom had been 
 oflBce-bearers in the church. Here his own father was pas- 
 tor of the Presbyterian Church for thirty-five years, known 
 as a learned divine, an earnest and eloquent preacher, and 
 a wise and judicious counselor. His mother was the daugh- 
 ter of John Miller, Esq., of Philadelphia, from whose four 
 daughters, all marrying ministers, have sprung many men 
 of high standing and acknowledged ability in the learned 
 professions and in business. Another daughter married 
 Rev. William Finney, for fifty years pastor in Churchville, 
 Md. ; another, Rev. Dr. Charles G-. McClean ; another, Rev. 
 
 Samuel Dickey, still prominent before the people of Chester 
 County as a man of large mind, varied attainments, and great 
 benevolence ; the other son was Dr. Ebenezer V. Dickey, a 
 physician and surgeon of large practice and skill, who is 
 mentioned elsewhere. Gifted by nature with a strong 
 physical frame, the eldest son early began the study of the 
 classics in the academy connected with his father's church, 
 then under the charge of a famous teacher named Kirkpat- 
 rick, who afterwards went to Milton, Pa., accompanied by 
 his pupil, who there completed his preparation for college 
 associated with other pupils, many of whom afterwards 
 gained distinction in their native State. Among them 
 were ex-Governors Curtin and Pollock, with whom an 
 unbroken friendship was maintained, and who assisted him 
 on various occasions in his plans of public benevolence. 
 
 REV. JOHN MILLER DICKEY, D.D. 
 
 Dr. George Junkin, founder of Lafayette College, Pa., and 
 president of Washington College, Va., and Miami Univer- 
 sity, Ohio. Jane, the eldest daughter, was a woman of 
 remarkable character, in whom we can trace many of the 
 features which distinguished the son. Of her, as a pastor's 
 wife for forty years, her brother-in-law. Rev. William Fin- 
 ney, wrote, — 
 
 " She possessed a strength of nerve and a spirit of enterprise that 
 carried her beyond the narrow circle of home. She hesitated not over 
 what she believed to be her duty, but efficiently and at every hazard 
 performed it. Her whole soul was thrown into all her undertakings. 
 She was qualified to lead rather than to be led, to govern rather than 
 to obey, and while manifesting in various forms the humble spirit of 
 a Christian, she possessed in an eminent degree all the essential ele- 
 ments of a mind and heart of the highest order. She was a friend to 
 all, especially to those in need." 
 
 Born of such parents, should we not expect a noble char- 
 acter in the son ? Besides the eldest son, there were born 
 to these parents three daughters aiid two sons,— Rev. 
 
 He graduated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, in 1824, then 
 under the presidency of Dr. John M. Mason, afterwards of 
 New York (his father's co-laborer in the establishment of 
 the Associate Reformed Theological Seminary of New York 
 City), the influence of whose spirit made a deep impression 
 upon the young heart. Hence he passed to Princeton The- 
 ological Seminary under Drs. Alexander and Miller, from 
 whence he was licensed to preach in 1828 at the age of 
 twenty-one. But his preparation was not yet complete. 
 The good old custom of the church required him to spend 
 two years in missionary labors. In these God blessed him 
 with marked success. He was sent to visit the northeru 
 tier of counties of Pennsylvania, then possessing few Presby- 
 terian churches. On horseback and with his saddle-bags he 
 traveled, passing through Stroudsburg, Wyalusing, Orwell, 
 Towanda, and many other towns, preaching in school-houses, 
 court-houses, and, when the congregations were too large, in 
 barns. In some places, after two or three weeks' preaching, 
 
BIOaRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 521 
 
 there were scores of converts gathered, which grew in many 
 instances into flourishing churches, and still remain. During 
 the next year he went as missionary to the State of Geor- 
 gia, and to St. Augustine, Fla., where his success was such 
 that he was called as pastor to St. Mary's, Ga., and to the 
 Second Church, Savannah, and at the same time to New 
 Castle, Del., in which latter place he was ordained in 1830. 
 Here he began a ministry of the warmest mutual interest, 
 attended by the chancellor of the State, Kinsey Johns, 
 Judge Black, and others. But during the next year, on 
 the death of his father, he was called to the charge of the 
 Oxford Church. During the remarkable revivals of religion 
 in 1832-33 he was conspicuous as a revival preacher in 
 the best sense of the word, — old in doctrines, new in labor, 
 power, and efi^ct. At this date he was about twenty-six 
 years of age, tall and commanding in appearance, with 
 strongly-marked features and a penetrating eye. Especially 
 was his voice noticeable, clear and powerful, yet sweet and 
 persuasive. His articulation was so perfect that even 
 the old and partially deaf came to hear him preach. A 
 ripe scholar and earnest student, his public exercises and 
 sermons commanded great attention. During 1832-33 he 
 was accustomed to go from church to church and preach at 
 protracted meetings, day and night. At this time Dr. 
 Dickey received numerous calls, among others to Washing- 
 ton, D. C, and two to Philadelphia, one of the latter, signed 
 by many clergymen (Albert Barnes and others), urging his 
 acceptance. Declining all invitations to remove elsewhere, 
 he chose rather to devise new places of usefulness in his 
 own large congregation, including at that time fields occu- 
 pied by several other congregations. He maintained at 
 one time in dififerent pans of his congregation more than 
 twelve Sabbath-schools, and regular preaching in Oxford 
 and West Nottingham churches, and at other points. He 
 established Zion Church as a separate congregation. 
 
 In 1834, Dr. Dickey married Miss Sarah Emlen Cresson, 
 of Philadelphia, sister of Elliott Cresson. How much the 
 husband's success should be attributed to the wife eternity 
 alone will disclose. Educated, refined, devoted, self-sacri- 
 ficing, possessing a deep religious experience and knowledge 
 of the truth, and interested in every good work, her influ- 
 ence was strong and lasting. For more than forty years 
 they walked side by side. In 1854 his health was broken 
 down, and his life is believed to have been prolonged by 
 their removal to Philadelphia, where they continued to 
 reside during the remainder of life, a period of about 
 twenty-four years. She died in February, 1878, and he 
 six weeks thereafter. One of their sons, John M. Cresson 
 Dickey, Esq., resides in the homestead in Oxford, and is a 
 member of the bar of Chester County. Another son, 
 Rev. Clement C. Dickey, is pastor of the Sixty-third Street 
 Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. The sons inherit 
 the public spirit of their parents. 
 
 In 1835 the subject of public schools excited the deep 
 interest of Dr. Dickey. Throughout the State they were 
 taught by teachers poorly prepared. After consideration 
 he decided to establish a training-school for women as 
 teachers, wherein moral science and the Bible would form 
 part of the course. In the employment of women aS 
 teachers he was much interiested ; accordingly, in 1837, 
 66 
 
 property was purchased for the purpose, and he associated 
 with himself, .at first. Rev. Dr. Ralston, .afterwards, his 
 brother. Rev. Samuel Dickey ; and the " Oxford Female 
 Seminary" became and remained for more than twenty 
 years a powerful instrumentality for good, sending out 
 hundreds of young women fitted for any position in life. 
 Its work only ceased when the State established normal 
 schools for all. On the subject of temperance Dr. Dickey 
 took decided grounds. He organized local societies in his 
 own congregation, gathering in the young. He conducted 
 conventions, which did much to secure the present school 
 system. He took an interest in improved agriculture, and 
 in the planting of ornamental trees and flowers. He orig- 
 inated and assisted in completing the Philadelphia and 
 Baltimore Central Railroad. One incident illustrating his 
 character cannot be omitted, and is of itself full of thrilling 
 interest. A young colored girl named Rachel Parker, liv- 
 ing in Pennsylvania, was cruelly kidnapped and carried to 
 Baltimore and sold into slavery. No one dared to pursue 
 or attempt her recovery. All were intimidated by threats 
 of personal violence if they should presume to enter a slave 
 State for any such purpose. Dr. Dickey formed a party of 
 a few interested men and started to Baltimore. The train 
 upon which they traveled was watched by desperate men, 
 who at one point, near Baltimore, boarded the cars, and 
 taking out one of the party, hung him to a tree until life 
 was extinct, thinking in this way to intimidate and turn 
 back the brave leader of the company. But nothing 
 daunted, he pursued his purpose. He entered the court- 
 room in Baltimore and demanded the body of the woman 
 uf)on a writ of law. Accompanied by the sheriff' of Balti- 
 more, he passed her captors among the slave-pens of the 
 city. Failing to find her there, he pursued from place to 
 place, until they were beaten out in their vain efforts of 
 concealment and compelled to return their victim, with an- 
 other taken about the same time, from the far-distant city 
 of New Orleans, whither they had taken her. This incident 
 created universal interest at the time, and may be found 
 described at length in Still's " History." It produced a 
 most salutary efl^ect upon public opinion, and the warmest 
 approval was bestowed upon Dr. Dickey for his conduct of 
 the case. There remains to mention another great and 
 successful work of Dr. Dickey's later life. 
 
 He long felt the need of educated teachers and preachers 
 for the colored people both North and South, and though 
 at the time slavery existed, yet he determined to do what 
 he could to prepare teachers for this destitute people, not 
 only in America, but in Africa, where the life of a white 
 man was very short because of a fatal climate. Accord- 
 ingly, in 1851, he resolved to lay.the foundation of a per- 
 manent institution, though more than ten years were yet to 
 pass before emancipation should be proclaimed. He secured 
 a charter from the State for " Ashmun Institute," taking 
 the name from that of " Judiah Ashmun," an African mis- 
 sionary whose character he admired. By necessity he be- 
 came the president of its board of trustees and its nursing 
 father, although he never taught as a member of its faculty. 
 The site was chosen about four miles from Oxford, at what 
 is now called Lincoln University Station, upon the Phila- 
 delphia and Baltimore Central Railroad, upon a spot whe^e 
 
522 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 a young colored man, afterwards a missionary in Africa, 
 and whom Dr., Dickey had partially educated in his own 
 study, used to pray that a way might be opened up for the 
 education of his race. The rock upon which he knelt was 
 placed in the foundation. In December, 1856, the Rev. 
 Dr. Courtlandt Van Rensselaer delivered the opening ad- 
 dress, and Hon. William E. Dodge, of New York, endowed 
 the first professorship. In the front of the main hall Dr. 
 Dickey erected a tablet with the prophetic words, — 
 
 "The nigbt ia far spent; the day is at hand." 
 
 This was truly the darkest hour, when only the strong eye 
 of Faith could see that it was " far spent." Under the in- 
 struction at first of Dr. Carter, of Baltimore, and now of 
 Dr. Isaac Eendall, president of the faculty, the classes have 
 never been omitted. When the work became wonderfully 
 increased by emancipation the name was changed from 
 Ashmun Institute to Lincoln University,* and now, after a 
 quarter of a century of uninterrupted success, its graduates 
 are to be found occupying positions of trust in nearly every 
 State in the Union. Several of its graduates have gone as 
 missionaries to Africa Dr. Dickey, at the time of his death 
 (March 21, 1878), had been for many years an esteemed . 
 member of the board of directors of Princeton Theological 
 Seminary. He is everywhere acknowledged to have been 
 a leading spirit in all departments of public usefulness in 
 which he was engaged. 
 
 Jesse C. Dickey is of Scotch-Irish origin. His 
 grandfather, John Dickey, came to America in 1744, bear- 
 ing with him a certificate of membership from the Presby- 
 terian Church of Ireland, which he deposited in the Pres- 
 byterian Church of New London. He was a farmer of 
 considerable intelligence and noted integrity. Dying at 
 the age of seventy-five, he bequeathed his farm and home- 
 stead to his sonRobert. He being anxious to engage in a 
 business more lucrative than farming, sold his farm in 1800 
 to Francis Good, late owner of the same, and removed to 
 Beaver, Pa. From thence he removed to New Castle, 
 Lawrence Co., Pa. Here, on the 27th of February, 1808, 
 Jesse C. Dickey was born. The father, being unfortunate 
 in his new undertakings, became much discouraged, and 
 returned in the autumn of 1812 to Chester County. The 
 demands of a largely-increasing family made it necessary to 
 seek aid from his children. Thus, at the early age of eleven, 
 Jesse became a farmer's boy, and continued working in the 
 summer and attending school in the winter until twenty- 
 one years of age, when he began teaching. For six years 
 he taught and attended school alternately. He was very 
 ambitious and anxious to advance in scholarship, and 
 pushed forward with untiring energy towards the acquire- 
 ment of an education. A share in the New London Library 
 furnished him with excellent reading, and contributed 
 largely in storing his mind with valuable knowledge. His- 
 tory and biography were his favorite reading. Especially 
 did he esteem the lives of Benjamin Franklin and Henry 
 Clay. To the life of the former he declares much of his 
 success in life is due. During these six years of teaching 
 he gave instruction to six of his sisters and two brothers, 
 
 * See sketch in Educational Department of this worls. 
 
 who, with an ambition akin to his own, soon became inde- 
 pendent. Being anxious to secure a permanent home for 
 his parents, he purchased, in 1832^ his present homestead 
 farm, to which they immediately removed. Here his father 
 died at the age of eighty-one. His mother, some years 
 later, died at the home of her daughter, Elizabeth Hud- 
 son, at the advanced age of ninety-seven. Mr. Dickey 
 married, Dec. 11, 1834, Margaret, youngest daughter of 
 Col. David Dickey, of Hopewell. Twenty years later she 
 died, and three years subsequently he married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Joseph Wilson, an eloquent preacher in the 
 Society of Friends. As early as 1832, Mr. Dickey became 
 noted for his strong anti-slavery principles. In 1837, when 
 William Burleigh was invited to deliver an anti-slavery 
 speech in the school-house of Hopewell (which, owing to 
 the prejudices of the neighborhood, was locked against 
 him), Mr. Dickey opened his private house, from whose 
 porch Mr. Burleigh delivered an eloquent address to an 
 interested audience. He received in 1842 the nomination 
 on the Whig ticket for the Legislature, and was elected for 
 three successive years. As a member of the Legislature 
 Mr. Dickey became prominent through his active interest 
 in matters of special importance. 
 
 In 1846 he purchased the property late the residence of 
 Col. David Dickey. After enlarging the buildings he 
 opened the Hopewell Academy. A liberal patronage made 
 this work a success. Many young men came hither to 
 secure an academical education, and no young man proving 
 himself worthy of aid was ever denied a home and advan- 
 tages of instruction. In the fall of 1848, Mr.. Dickey was 
 elected to Congress. In that body his anti-slavery princi- 
 ples were manifested in his speech on the admission of Cali- 
 fornia into the Union as a free State. His whole record 
 was such as to secure his renomination, although his oppo- 
 nent, the Democratic candidate, was chosen to the office. 
 
 At the breaking out of the Rebellion, Mr. Dickey, as a 
 member of the State Central Committee, labored zealously 
 for the election of Governor Curtia and President Lin- 
 coln. Being in Washington when Fort Sumter was fired 
 upon, he joined the Cassius M. Clay battalion for the de- 
 fense of the city, in which he served until it was disbanded. 
 After this he was connected with the quartermaster's de- 
 partment, under Capt. C. G. Sawtill, until the " Seven Days' 
 Fight." In the mean time he was appointed paymaster in 
 the United States army. He continued in this service 
 until June, 1866, with headquarters at St. Louis and New 
 Orleans. During this period he traveled by land and water 
 33,188 miles, disbursing more than four million of dollars. 
 Since the war Mr. Dickey has been actively engaged in 
 farming, taking always a deep interest in the growing 
 skill and intelligence of the agriculturist. To the laboring 
 class of the community he has ever been a fast and effi- 
 cient friend, advocating their cause both in public and pri- 
 vate. The passing years have touched him lightly, his 
 physical nature being still strong and vigorous. 
 
 DICKS, Peter, of the city of Chester, England, flax- 
 dresser, purchased 250 acres of land in Pennsylvania, Aug. 
 16, 1684, from James Dicks, who had bought the same 
 from William Penn in 1681. Peter, with his wife Esther, 
 arrived about 1686 and settled in Birmingham, where he 
 
c 
 
 r.na ?- Tjij TL3.M.U & Sens 13 Bardni/ Si MYT 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 523 
 
 died in 1704. In 1708 his widow married John Menden- 
 hall. 
 
 The children of Peter were Hannah, m. to Jonathan 
 Thatcher; Elizabeth, m. to Richard Tranter, 10, 2, 1714; 
 Sarah, ni. to Joseph Pyle, 4, 16, 1715; Esther, m. to 
 Francis Swayne, 1724; Deborah, m. to Jonathan Fincher, 
 1726 ; Nathan, and Peter, who married in 1716 Sarah, 
 widow of Thomas Powell, Jr., and daughter of Joseph 
 Hayes, of Cheshire, England. He settled in Providence, 
 and later in life became interested in iron works. He died 
 about 1760, leaving a widow, Sarah, formerly wife of Wil- 
 liam Swaffer, to whom he was married in 1750. His chil- 
 dren were Joseph, b. 3, 26, 1717 ; James, b. 6, 18, 
 1718; Nathan, b. 11, 2, 1719; Sarah, b. 1, 19, 1720; 
 Peter, b. 10, 23, 1722 ; Job ; John ; Abraham ; Esther, 
 m. to John Darlington ; Jane, b. Nov. 4, 1751, m. to John 
 Peirce, 11, 17, 1786 ; Roger, b. 7, 30, 1753, m. Rebecca 
 Maris, 5, 25, 1797, d. 12, 29, 1808. He was an esteemed 
 minister among Friends. 
 
 DILLINGHAM, William H., was the son of Nathan 
 and Rebecca (Fessenden) Dillingham, and was born in the 
 town of Lee, in Western Massachusetts, Aug. 3, 1791. 
 His education, preparatory to a collegiate course, was ac- 
 quired at Lenox Academy, in the vicinity of his birth- 
 place. At the age of fifteen years he entered the sopho- 
 more class in Williams College, where he continued a year 
 and a half. The circumstances of liis family, however, 
 rendered it expedient to withdraw from college before his 
 couree was completed; but his alma mater, in 1815, con- 
 ferred on him the honorary degree of A.M. In 1808 he 
 came to Philadelphia and commenced the study of law 
 under the auspices of the late Charles Chauncey, Esq., a 
 gentleman who was ever his generous friend and faithful 
 counselor, and for whom, to his latest hour, he cherished 
 the most profound veneration and grateful regard. In 
 1811, Mr. Dillingham was admitted to the bar, and there- 
 upon settled in the city of Ponn as. a practitioner of the 
 law. With a taste finely cultivated, and a decided predi- 
 lection for literary and scientific pursuits, he was always 
 ready to aid in establishing and fostering institutions which 
 promised to enhance the intellect and moral character of 
 the community. Accordingly, we learn that in 1813 he 
 was one of a " half dozen young men of Philadelphia" who 
 " came together and arranged a plan for the establishment 
 of reading-rooms." From this slender beginning has re- 
 sulted the noble institution which is at once the ornament 
 and benefaction to that city, known as the Athenaeum. 
 
 In 1817 he removed to West Chester, where he rapidly 
 advanced towards the head of the bar, among competitors 
 distinguished for talents and professional acumen. He was 
 especially remarked for that exemplary trait in a barrister 
 of being always well prepared and ready for' trial, so far as 
 depended on himself, when his cause was called on. In 
 1821 he received the appointment of prosecuting attorney, 
 which office he held until the close of 1823. In May, 
 1823, he married Christiana, daughter of Joseph H. Brin- 
 ton, Esq., of Chester County, and thus became identified 
 in feeling and interest with the people among whom he re- 
 sided. He co-operated cordially in all measures propounded 
 for the public benefit, and was a liberal supporter of all 
 
 their institutions, religious, educational, literary, and scien- 
 tific. His professional abilities becoming generally under- 
 stood, his services were put in requisition in nearly every 
 important case within the sphere of his practice. He was 
 employed as solicitor of the Bank of Chester County for 
 upwards of fifteen years ; was one of the founders and a 
 principal manager of the Chester County Athenaeum ; was 
 a trustee of the West Chester Academy for seventeen years, 
 and a munificent member of the Chester County Cabinet 
 of Natural Science for nearly twenty years. In 1837 he 
 was elected to the State Legislature, where he was both 
 active and eloquent in the great cause of education, and in 
 the support of scientific institutions. In the autumn of 
 1841, after a residence of nearly a quarter of a century in 
 West Chester, Mr. Dillingham returned to Philadelphia, 
 where he passed the residue of his days ; but in retiring 
 from Chester County he by no means ceased to be inter- 
 ested in the concerns of that venerable bailiwick. In all 
 the movements of her people, designed to elevate the pur- 
 suits of agriculture and to promote a taste for the refine- 
 ment of horticulture, he manifested a lively interest. 
 When, in 1847, the Chester County Horticultural Society 
 was projecting their spacious hall, — the second edifice 
 dedicated expressly to Flora and Pomona in the United 
 States, — Mr. Dillingham cheered them on in their generous 
 purpose by an able and persuasive address, which convinced 
 them that in the vocabulary of a people embarked in such 
 an enterprise, in such a region, there should be no such 
 word as fail. It might be supposed that by merging him- 
 self in the vast and growing metropolis after so long an 
 absence he would be lost to public view, but not so. His 
 qualifications were justly appreciated, and his services 
 speedily secured, such as the direction of the public schools, 
 the Institution for the Blind, for the Deaf and Dumb, the 
 Schuylkill Navigation Company, etc. In July, 1843, he 
 was elected a member of the American Philosophical So- 
 ciety, and justified the choice by his zeal for its prosperity, 
 and his anxiety that it should continue worthy of the great 
 names associated with its early history. 
 
 In the latter years of his life he gradually withdrew 
 from the active duties of his profession, though he served 
 as counsel for the Bank of Pennsylvania from 1846 until 
 1852, when the feeble state of his health, induced by a 
 slight paralytic stroke or aflfection, caused him to resign. 
 His infirmities continued to increase, attended with great 
 nervous excitability, though still retaining his mental fac- 
 ulties and his literary predilections, until Dec. 11, 1854, 
 when he suddenly departed this life. A letter written by 
 him to Dr. William Darlington, dated December 8th, and re- 
 ceived by the doctor after his death, was his last labor, and 
 refers to the " Proceedings of the American Philosophical 
 Society." Although the published and avowed productions 
 of Mr. Dillingham's pen are not voluminous, he was a fre- 
 quent contributor of elegant and judicious essays to the 
 leading journals of the time's, lie was also the author of 
 several highly-finished performances in the character of 
 orations and reviews. Of these it is sufficient to mention 
 his addresses before the Chester County Cabinet of Natural 
 Science, the Alumni of Williams College, the Chester 
 County Horticultural Society, the Society of the Sons of 
 
52-t 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 New England in Philadelphia, and his glowing tribute to 
 the memory of Peter CoUinson. His researches in pro- 
 curing authentic material for his discourses were indefati- 
 gable. His literary taste was refined almost to fastidious- 
 ness, and hence his style is terse, chaste, and polished. It 
 may be safely predicted of him as a writer, nihil tetigit 
 quod non ornavit. 
 
 DILWORTH, James, married, about 1681, Ann Wain, 
 and came from Thovnbury, in Yorkshire, to Bucks Co., Pa., 
 where he died in 1G99, leaving children, — William, Rich- 
 ard, Jane, Hannah, Jennet, Rebecca, and James. Of 
 these, it is believed that William married Sarah, daughter 
 of Richard Webb, and settled in Birmingham. 
 
 John Dilworth, son of William, married, 12, 8, 1749- 
 50, Hannah Woodward, daughter of John, of Thornbury, 
 and his sister Hannah married first Juhn Martin, and 
 second John Woodward. John and Hannah Dilworth had 
 two sons, — Caleb and John ; of whom the fiist married 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Charles Ryant, in 1790. 
 
 James Dilworth, perhaps a son of William, married, in 
 1745, Lydia, daughter of George Martin, of West Bradford, 
 by whom she had children, — Charles, Joseph, Sarah, Caleb, 
 William, James, Mary, George, Lydia, Hannah, and Le- 
 titia. He died 8th mo., 1769, and his widow, 10, 25, 
 1814, at the age of 95. He is said to have built the first 
 house, a log hut, where Dilworthstown now stands, and 
 the tavern building in 1758, though there was no tavern 
 kept there until after his death, when his son Charles ob- 
 tained license. The latter was a prominent citizen and 
 frequently concerned in public affairs. He was disowned 
 by Friends for taking an active part in Revolutionary 
 measures. Benjamin Hawley notes in his diary, 8, 27, 
 1770, that he "went to the Raising Charles Dilworth 's 
 sign." No doubt it was made the occasion of much drink- 
 ing and hilarity. 
 
 Hannah Dilworth, daughter of James and Lydia, mar- 
 ried, 11,4, 1775, John Parry, and her sister Letitia mar- 
 ried Edward Brinton. 
 
 Dk. Richard B, Dilworth was born in Philadelphia, 
 Jan. 24, 1810. His parents were Thomas and Sarah Ann 
 (Burch) Dilworth. He studied medicine under Dr. Ken- 
 nedy, at Oxford, Chester Co., a practitioner of considera- 
 ble merit, and at the time a resident of that place, and 
 graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia, 
 in March, 1835. 
 
 In June, 1835, he married Harriet, daughter of James 
 Wilson, Esq., and located at Youngsburg, Chester Co., 
 where he devoted himself to the practice of his profession 
 until 1849, when he removed with his family to Juniata 
 Co., Pa., where he, in company with others, had purchased 
 a large tract of woodland. He died Nov. 15, 1851,. of an 
 affection of the heart. He left'seven children. 
 
 As a man. Dr. Dilworth was free from selfishness, which, 
 added to his energy of mind and irreproachable character, 
 rendered him beloved by all who knew him. As a physician 
 he was successful and much beloved by his patients. 
 
 DOBSON, Gen. John R. — James and Hannah Dobson, 
 of the Society of Friends, emigrated from London, England, 
 in 1750, and settled in Pennsylvania. Their son, John R. 
 Pobson, married Sarah A., daughter of John and Mary 
 
 (Haybisen) Richesson ; the former an emigrant, in 1756, 
 from Manchester, England, and the latter born in this 
 State of German parents. To John R. and Sarah A. 
 Dobson was born in Cumberland County, Dec. 6, 1818, 
 John Richesson Dobson. He received a common-school 
 education, and at the age of sixteen was apprenticed to the 
 
 iron business. In 1848 he entered upon the duties of su- 
 perintendent in the Phoenix Iron- Works. In December, 
 1848, he married S. A. Slackhouse, born in February, 1828, 
 in Dover, N. J., and. their family now consists of one son 
 and two daughters. In 1858 he was burgess of the bor- 
 ough of Phoenixville. In I860 served as school director. 
 In 1861, at the call of the President, he recruited a com- 
 pany, and on the 19th of April offered its services to Gov- 
 ernor Curtin, and was succeeded in the iron-works by his 
 brother, Joseph Dobson. His company was accepted and 
 mustered into service, and known as Co. G, First Regiment 
 Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps. He served with 
 his company in the Army of the Potomac until the battle 
 of Gettysburg, where, in the charge on Little Round Top, 
 Capt. Dobson was so severely wounded that he was rendered 
 unable to resume active duties in the field. For his bravery 
 on that occasion he received from the War Department a 
 major's commission. In 1864, at the expiration of his 
 three years' service, he was mustered out with his regiment, 
 and returned to Phoenixville to resume the duties which he 
 had left to enter the army. In 1866 he was elected school 
 director, and served as secretary of the board. In 1867 an 
 effort was made to erect a monument in Morris Cemetery 
 to the memory of those who had fallen in defense of the na- 
 tion, in which he took a prominent part, serving as president 
 of the organization. In 1869 he was appointed postmaster 
 of Phoenixville. In 1870 he was commissioned by Gover- 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 525 
 
 nor Geary as captain of Reeves Rifle Company, and in 1871, 
 by same, as major-general of the Third Division National 
 Guard of Pennsylvania, and bore a conspicuous part in the 
 dedication of the soldiers' monument in Phoenixville. In 
 1873 was reappointed postmaster, and the next year re- 
 signed his position in the iron-works to perform the duties 
 of this office, and was again succeeded in the former by 
 his brother. In 1876 he was reappointed by Governor 
 Hartranft major-general of the Tenth Division National 
 Guard of Pennsylvania. In 1877 he was reappointed post- 
 master, which position he yet occupies. In 1877, at the 
 outbreak of the riot in Pittsburgh, by order of the Governor, 
 he assembled his division at Malvern Station, on the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad, and moved with Governor Hartranft to 
 Pittsburgh. After a week's stay in Pittsburgh, the Tenth 
 Division was relieved from further duty and returned 
 home. In 1878, by act of the Legislature, the National 
 Guard of Pennsylvania was reorganized by consolidating 
 the existing ten divisions into one division, thus terminating 
 the commissions of field- and staff-officers. 
 
 He most bravely and loyally aided the . government in 
 the war in defense of the Union and for the suppression of 
 the Rebellion. 
 DOWNING, Thomas, born in Bradninch,in Devonshire, 
 
 England, Dec. 14, 1691, married, first, Ellen , and, 
 
 second, Thomazine , who was perhaps the mother of 
 
 all the children, two of whom were born in England. He 
 was a taxable in Concord township from 1718 to 1732. At 
 Concord Monthly Meeting, 6, 3, 1730, "Thomas Downing 
 & his wife made application to this meeting to com under 
 the care of friends; they having produced papers from 
 under severall friends hands of their sober and orderly con- 
 versations where they have Lived, this meeting receiveth 
 them." In 1733 they removed to Sadsbury, but in two or 
 three years after settled at the place since known as Down- 
 ingtown. Thomas married a third wife, Jane Albin, widow 
 of James, and daughter of John and Mary Edge, 12, 15, 
 1756. She was a minister, and died 1, 23, 1759. He died 
 1, 15, 1772. There is reason to think that while in Con- 
 cord he operated a mill belonging to Nathaniel Newlin, and 
 he and his descendants continued to be mill-owners at Down- 
 ingtown for several generations. 
 
 The children of Thomas Downing were,— 1. Thomazine, 
 b. 10, 6, 1715 ; died young. 2. Thomas, b. 3, 27, 1717 
 d. 11, 19, 1736-7. 3. Richard, b. 2, 27, 1719; d. 7, 8 
 1804; m. Mary Edge. 4. John, b. 10, 18, 1720; d 
 
 ; m. Elizabeth Hunt. 5. William, b. 3, 24, 1722 
 
 d. ; m. Ellen John. 6. Jane, b. 10, 6, 1723; d 
 
 10, 29, 1795 ; m. John Roberts. 7. Sarah, b. 8, 13, 1725 
 d. 7, 16, 1745 ; m. Joshua Baldwin. 8. Thomazine, b. 8 
 
 15, 1727; d. ; w. Samuel Bond. 9. Samuel, b 
 
 6, 11, 1729 ; died young. 10. Joseph, b. 10, 12, 1731 
 died yottng. 11. Joseph, b. 4, 30, 1734 ; d. 10, 7, 1804 
 m. Mary Trimble. 
 
 Richard Downing (3) married, 3, 21, 1741, at Uwchlan 
 Meeting, Mary Edge, born 7, 2, 1721, died 12, 13, 1795, 
 daughter of John and Mary, of Providence. In 1787 he 
 was assessed with a grist-mill, fulling-mill, two saw-mills, 
 and a malt-house in East Cain, and his son Richard with a 
 merchant-mill. An old saw-mill, which has been in the 
 
 family for generations, has just been torn down. Richard s 
 children were as follows : 
 
 1. Hannah, b. 1,19, 1741-2; d. 4, 5, 1752. 2. Thomas, 
 b. 10, 13, 1743 ; d. 4, 12, 1752. 3. Jane, b. 11, 1, 1745 ; 
 d. 4, 20, 1752. 4. John, b. 12, 17, 1747-8; d. 1748. 
 5. Richard, b. 5, 4, 1750 ; d. 1, 5, 1820 ; m. Elizabeth 
 Rees. 6. Mary, b. 7, 31, 1752 ; d. 1, 30, 1779 ; m. Daniel 
 Trimble, 6, 20, 1776. 7. Thomazine, b. 8, 26, 1754; d. 
 5, 4, 1817 ; m. Richard Thomas. 8. Jacob, b. 10, 25, 
 1756; d. 10, 2, 1823; m. Sarah Drinker. 9. William, b. 
 1, 29, 1759 ; d. 12, 24, 1759. 10. George, b. 11, 8, 1760 ; 
 d. 8, 10, 1765 ; drowned in the race. 1 1. Samuel, b. 2, 
 4, 1763 ; d. 10, 3, 1819 ; m. Jane Ashbridge. 12. Joseph 
 R., b. 6, 19, 1765 ; d. 1, 17, 1855 ; m. Ann Worrall. 
 
 John Downing (4) married, March 5, 1747, before 
 Thomas Cummings, Esq., Elizabeth, daughter of Roger 
 and Esther Hunt, of East Cain. He became a tavern- 
 keeper about 1760, and after several years was succeeded by 
 Richard Cheyney at the sign of the " King in Arms," 
 where the Revolutionary county committee met in 1776. 
 His children were, — 
 
 1. Esther, b. 12, 22, 1748; died young. 2. Mary, b. 
 11, 17, 1750; m. Israel Whelen. 3. Thomas, b. 1, 4, 
 1753; m. Sarah Jacobs. 4. Esther, b. 6, 30, 1755. 
 5. Hunt, b. 1, 12, 1757; d. 2, 15, 1834; m. Deborah 
 Miller. 6. John, d. 10th mo., 1822 ; unmarried. 7. Samuel, 
 m. Elizabeth Templin. 8. Elizabeth, m. Richard Templin. 
 • William Downing (5) married, 10, 10, 1741, at Uwchlan 
 Meeting, Ellen John, born 2, 26, 1718, daughter of Samuel 
 and Margaret John, of Uwchlan, in which township he was 
 living at that time. He and his wife received a certificate, 
 4, 20, 1748, to New Garden Monthly Meeting, and settled 
 in Bart, Lancaster Co. He married, 12, 19, 1765, at New 
 Garden Meeting, Margaret Miller, widow of Samuel. Some 
 of the family removed to Centre County. William's chil- 
 dren were,— 1. John, b. 6, 3, 1744. 2. Samuel, b. 8, 2, 
 1746. 3. Sarah, b. 1, 3, 1749 ; m. John Moore, 5, 1, 1765. 
 
 4. Mary, b. 7, 12, 1751 ; m. William Marsh, 10, 10, 1770. 
 
 5. Jane, b. 2, 25, 1753; m. Andrew Moore, 4, 30, 1777. 
 
 6. Hannah, b. 11, 24, 1754. 7. Ruth, b. 11, 12, 1756. 
 
 8. Thomas, b. 3, 25, 1759; m. Rebecca Starr, 4, 24, 1781. 
 
 9. William, m. Phebe Bicket, 12, 20, 1781. 
 
 Joseph Downing (6) married, 10, 9, 1755, at Bradford 
 Meeting, Mary Trimble, born 8, 8, 1736, died 7, 4, 1807, 
 daughter of James and Mary (Palmer) Trimble, of West 
 Bradford. Joseph was born in Sadsbury, Lancaster Co., 
 and upon his marriage settled in the valley east of Down- 
 ingtown, on property since owned successively by his son 
 Joseph, and grandson, Richard I. Downing. His children 
 
 were, — 
 
 1. Thomas, b. 10, 14, 1758 ; d. 10, 31, 1829 ; m. Sarah 
 Smith. 2. Jane, b. 7, 27, 1761; d. 6, 20,1813; m. John 
 Gordon. 3. Mary, b. 10, 14, 1763; d. 6, 20, 1813; m. 
 Dennis Whelen. 4. Thomazin, b. 3, 31, 1765 ; m. Samuel 
 Kennedy. 5. Joseph, b. 4, 9, 1769 ; d. 12, 28, 1841 ; m. 
 Elizabeth Webster. 6. James, b. 4, 11, 1771; d. 7, 31, 
 1831; unmarried. 7. Sarah, b. 8, 1, 1773; d. 1857; m. 
 Samuel Webster. 8. Richard, b. 6, 26, 1775 ; d. 7, 2, 
 1807 ; unmarried. 9. Ann, b. 3, 1, 1778 ; m. William A. 
 Todd, M.D. 
 
526 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Richard and Elizabeth (Rees) Downing had children, — 
 Thomas, David, Mary, Richard, William, Elizabeth, m. to 
 John R. Thomas, and Phebe, m. to Jesse Meredith. 
 
 Jacob and Sarah (Drinker) Downing had children, — 
 Henry, Elizabeth, m. to Robert Sharpless; Mary, m. to 
 George Valentine ; Sarah, m. to Reuben Valentine ; Henry ; 
 Sandwith, b. in Philadelphia, 10, 24, 1799, d. 4, 4, 1847, 
 m. Lydia Smedley, daughter of Peter and Phebe, of Uwchlan. 
 They were the parents of Samuel R. Downing, now of East 
 Goshen. 
 
 Joseph R. and Ann (Worrall) Downing were the parents 
 of William W., b. 12, 29, 1791, d. 2, 13, 1873, m. Mary 
 P. Mason; Samuel J., b. 12, 9, 1794, d. 8, 16, 1876, m. 
 DebbyAnn Downing, daughter of the third Richard; Charles, 
 b. 10, 16, 1798, d. 5, 3, 1863, m. Ann Trimble. William 
 W. was much interested in the family history, and collected 
 many facts relative thereto, now in possession of his daughter, 
 Anneliza Scott. Charles had children, — Mary, Sarah, Daniel 
 T., Charles, Joseph R. (now cashier of Downington Bank), 
 and Edward. 
 
 Hunt Downing's wife Deborah, born 2, 28, 1760, died 
 12, 27, 1833, was the daughter of Patrick and Patience 
 Miller, and their children were Joseph M., Isaac, and 
 Israel W. Joseph M. married Grace Stalker, and was the 
 father of Thomas S. Downing, of East Cain. Israel W. 
 Downing, born 10, 22, 1793, died 11, 10, 1831, married 
 Lydia A. Thomas, 5, 5, 1824. After his death she mar- 
 ried David Townsend, of West Chester. 
 
 DUNLAP, Rev. James, D.D., was born in Chester 
 Co., Pa., in 1744. He received his early education at the 
 school of Samuel Blair, at Fagg's Manor, and graduated at 
 Princeton College in 1773. He was a tutor in the college 
 from 1775 to 1777. He was ordained by the Presbytery 
 of New Castle, at Fagg's Manor, in 1781, and shortly 
 thereafter removed to Western Pennsylvania. He was 
 pastor of the congregations of Laurel Hill and Dunlap's 
 Creek, in Fayette County, until 1803, when he was chosen 
 president of Jefferson College, at Canonsburg, in Wash- 
 ington County, which station he held with great respect 
 until 1812. In 1806 the. title of Doctor of Divinity was 
 conferred on him by the college over which he presided. 
 He was eminent for his minute and accurate attainments 
 in classical literature, with which it is said he was so 
 familiar as to have the ancient classics in his memory to 
 recite, or hear and correct the recital of others. Even in 
 his old age it was his delight to devote a part of each day 
 to his favorite Latin and Greek authors. His influence in 
 the college was very great, and he contributed much to its 
 upbuilding. He died Nov. 22, 1818. 
 
 DUTTON, John, of Overton, in Cheshire, England, 
 whose wife, Mary, appears to have been a sister of Job 
 Darlington, of Darnhall, purchased 500 acres of land in 
 Pennsylvania by deed of May 22, 1682, and arrived in the 
 province in the same year. He located his land in Aston, 
 extending across the township, and the upper line touchin"' 
 on the western branch of the creek. He was buried 5, 4, 
 1693, and his widow soon after married John Neild, of 
 Aston. 
 
 The children of John and Mary Dutton were, — 1. John, b. 
 10, 29, 1675, at Marbray (?), in Cheshire; m. in 1704, Eliza- 
 
 beth Kingsman, daughter of John and Hannah, b. 9, 6, 
 1685. 2. Edward, b. 1, 18, 1676-7, at Overton; m. in 
 1701, Gwin Williams, and settled in Bethel. 3. Thomas, 
 b. 3, 3, 1679, at Overton ; d. with smallpox, 10th mo., 1731 ; 
 m. 1701, Lucy Barnard, daughter of Richard and Frances, 
 of Aston, and settled on a part of his father's land. 4. 
 Elizabeth, b. 11, 27, 1681; d. in Pennsylvania, 10, 23, 
 1682. 5. Robert, b. in Pennsylvania ; m. 9, 13, 1707, at 
 the house of her father, to Ann, daughter of William and 
 Ann Brown, of Nottingham, where he settled. He after- 
 wards engaged in trading to the West Indies, and there are 
 reasons to think that as the master of a vessel he went to 
 sea about 1725, and was never heard of again. 
 
 Thomas and Lucy Dutton had children, — Thomas, Re- 
 becca, Richard, David, Lydia, Jonathan, John, Mary, and 
 Sarah. Of these, Richard married Mary Martin, daughter 
 of Thomas and Mary, of Middletown, and had children, — 
 Thomas, Hannah, Joseph, Rebecca, Mary, Jonathan, and 
 Richard. Thomas, son of Richard, married Hannah, 
 daughter of Francis and Sarah Routh, and was the father 
 of the late Thomas Dutton, of Aston, who died 9, 12, 1869, 
 aged 100 years, 7 months, and 10 days. 
 
 A genealogy of this family was published in 1871. 
 
 EACHUS, Robert, was a resident in Goshen as early 
 as 1715. He became the owner of 400 acres of land in 
 or near what is now the northeast quarter of West Chester, 
 which by his will passed to his sons John and William. 
 He died in 1727, leaving a widow, Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Hugh and Elizabeth (Brinton) Harry, who married again, 
 1, 13, 1728-9, at Goshen Meeting, John Gleave, of Spring- 
 field, and died in Marlborough, 3, 8, 1758 ; buried at 
 Kennet. 
 
 The children of Robert and Elizabeth were, — 1. John, 
 m. 9, 22, 1734, to Hannah, daughter of Isaac Haines, of 
 Goshen. He died Jan. 19, 1779. 2. William, m. 3, 25, 
 1749, to Sarah Peirce, of Goshen, widow. Probably left 
 
 no children. 3. Robert, m. Mary , and had children, 
 
 Mary, William, and Robert. 4. Enoch, m. Esther Evans, 
 and had children, — Sarah, William, Elizabeth, and others. 
 William, m. Rebecca Townsend, and was the father of 
 Townsend Eachus, senior. 5. Daniel visited North Caro- 
 lina in 1762, returning the next year. 6. Elizabeth, per- 
 haps died unmarried. 7. Ann, m. 2, 22, 1736, to James 
 Wickersham, of Marlborough. 8. Alice, m. 9, 20, 1746, 
 to David Ogden, of Springfield. 
 
 John and Hannah Eachus were the parents of Phinehas 
 Eachus, the first landlord of the Turk's Head tavern. 
 Phinehas was married, 11, 23, 1757, at Goshen Meeting, to 
 Sarah Trego, daughter of William and Margaret Trego, of 
 Goshen. The family tradition is that a Masonic lodge held 
 meetings at his house, and that he became responsible for 
 the debts of some of them, vfhich brought about his finan- 
 cial ruin. The sheriff seized his property, and the most of 
 the land passed into the possession of Isaiah Matlack, the 
 tavern being purchased by John Hoopes. He must have 
 had a taste for the classics, as he named two of his sons 
 Virgil and Paris. 
 
 Virgil Eachus married Bathsheba Webb, arid resided for 
 several years in Middletown, Delaware Co. In 1808 he 
 married his second wife, Mary Starr, and after a few years re- 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 527 
 
 moved to Maryland, but returned about 1825. His children 
 by the first wife were Homer (born 7, 15, 1792), Joseph, 
 Obed, Hiram, Edna, Betsy, Mahala, Abner, Preston ; by 
 the second, Vanleer, Bathsheba, Minshall, Sarah, and 
 Virgil Trego Eachus. 
 
 EAVENSON, Thomas, purchased a tract of 120 acres 
 of land in Thornbury from John Simcock, 1, 6, 1687, and 
 in or about July, 1688, married Elizabeth Woodward. 
 Nov. 16, 1702, he purchased 317 acres, also in Thornbury. 
 Elizabeth Eavenson was living in 1717, but Thomas in his 
 will mentions a wife Margaret. He died in Thornbury 
 about the month of November, 1726, leaving five children, 
 all by his first wife, viz. : 1. Richard, m. 10, 4, 1712, at 
 Concord Meeting, to Jemima Newlin, daughter of Nathaniel 
 and Mary, of Concord. They resided in Thornbury, where 
 his father conveyed to him 133 acres of land, Sept. 29, 
 1711. Richard died in 1739, leaving a wife and three 
 children. 2. Ralph, m. 1710, to Grace, daughter of Rich- 
 ard and Sarah Arnold, of Thornbury, and settled in Con- 
 cord, where he died in 1744, leaving children, — Jacob, Jo- 
 seph, Hannah, and Phebe. His widow died about the 
 close of 1746. He was an active member of Concord 
 Meeting, though his parents do not appear to have been 
 Friends. 3. Hannah, m. 10, 30, 1714, to Thomas Arnold, 
 and about 1720 removed with him to West Bradford. 4. 
 Joseph, m. 2, 10, 1717, to Catharine George, of Radnor 
 Monthly Meeting, daughter of Richard George, of Llan- 
 gyrig, in Montgomeryshire, Wales. To him his fathey 
 conveyed 292 acres of land in Thornbury, 8, 12, 1717. 5. 
 Sarah, m. first John Buffington, of West Bradford, who 
 died in 1736, leaving four children, — John, Thomas, Mary, 
 and Sarah. She married again, 9, 30, 1737, Anthony 
 Arnold, by whom she had a daughter, — Hannah. 
 
 The children of Richard and Jemima Eavenson were, — 
 
 6. Richard, b. 3, 3, 1718, m. 2, 11, 1739, to Alice Gilpin, 
 daughter of Joseph and Hannah, of Birmingham. Their 
 children were Esther, Enoch, Hannah, Thomas, and Isaac. 
 
 7. Nathaniel, b. 1, 28, 1720, m. 3, 20, 1746, to Elizabeth, 
 daughter of John and Martha Palmer, of Concord, b. 3, 
 24, 1724. He became the owner of near 500 acres in 
 Thornbury and Westtown townships, near the present Street 
 Road Station. After his death his widow married William 
 Hawley in 1769. 8. Mary, b. 11, 2, 1721, m. 1747, to 
 Richard Barrett (?) 
 
 George Eavenson, son of Joseph and Catharine, married 
 Mary Williams. He died in Thornbury, 4, 30, 1816, aged 
 89 years, 3 months, and 11 days, and his widow 7, 7, 1828, 
 aged over one hundred years. Their children were, — 9. 
 Catharine, b. 3, 1, 1756, m. Levi Massey; 10. Joseph, b. 
 6, 28, 1758, m. Ann Yearsley ; 11. Eli, b. 1, 12, 1761, 
 m. Rachel Seal ; 12. Jesse, b. 10, 19, 1766; 13. Richard, 
 b. 12, 26, 1770, m. 3, 24, 1803, Lydia, daughter of Ben- 
 jamin and Rebecca (Eavenson) Jones, of Westtown. Their 
 children were Jones, Mary, Benjamin, George R., and 
 Humphrey, of whom Jones is the head of the Quaker 
 City Soap- Works, in Philadelphia. 
 
 The children of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Eavenson were 
 Martha, m, to Benjamin Johnson about 1769 ; Hannah, 
 m. 12, 10, 1766, to Moses Cock, of Thornbury ; Richard, 
 d. 1, 11, 1771 ; Rebecca, b. 2, 1, 1754, d. 9, 23, 1829, m. 
 
 Benjamin Jones ; Jemima, m. 1782, to Benjamin Kirgan ; 
 Elizabeth, b. 8, 15, 1759, m. 12, 4, 1784, to Anthony 
 Morris. 
 
 EDWARDS, William, an early settler in Middletown, 
 is thought to have come from Wales about the year 1682. 
 There is no mention of a wife coming with him, but a son, 
 John, accompanied him. In 1688, William married Jane 
 Atkinson, a native of Yorkshire, he being then about sixty 
 and she about thirty years of age. He died in 1717, and 
 his widow about 1736. It is supposed there were other 
 children than John by the first wife, while by the second 
 there was a daughter, Sarah, who married Joseph Pratt in 
 1717. 
 
 John Edwards, born, according to tradition, about 1671, 
 inherited his father's land in Middletown. He married, 
 early in 1700, Mary Ingram, of Burlington, N. J., and had 
 children as follows: 1. John, b. 1701, m. in 1743, and had 
 a son, William, who settled in West Marlborough, but later 
 in life moved up the Susquehanna River. 2. Mary, b. 
 1703 ; m. Aaron Baker. 3. Elizabeth, b. about 1705 ; m. 
 John Lawrence, of Springfield. 4. Nathan, b. 1708 ; mar- 
 ried and settled in Middletown, where he kept the Black 
 Horse tavern. His children were Susanna, Mary, Sarah, 
 Hannah, John, and Elizabeth. 5. Hannah, b. about 1710 ; 
 m. Job Harvey, Jr., in 1739: 6. Moses, b. 2, 2, 1721; 
 removed to West Marlborough 1741, and in 1743 m. 
 Esther Plummer, daughter of Robert and Elinor. 7. 
 Phebe, b. 1724 ; m. in 1743, Benjamin Worrall. 8. Jo- 
 seph, b. Dec. 10, 1717; m. Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob 
 Malin, 1745, and in 1761, Hannah, widow of John Re- 
 gester. Joseph Edwards, of Middletown, who died in 
 1858, was a grandson of this second marriage. He col- 
 lected considerable of the family history, and began the 
 preparation of the history of Delaware County, the com- 
 pletion of which was prevented by his death. 9. Amos, b. 
 1729 ; m. in 1761, Rachel, and had children, — Thomas, 
 John, and Mary. The last, b. May 22, 1762, d. Nov. 27, 
 1816, m. Thomas Beatty, and their sons, John, William, 
 and Robert, became distinguished cutlers. 
 
 John Edwards, son of Nathan, m. Hannah Baker, 
 widow, formerly Pennoek, and had children, — Pennock, b. 
 6, 26, 1782 ; Nathan, b. 2, 6, 1784 ; John, b. 7, 15, 1786 ; 
 Sarah, b. 2, 27, 1788, m. Joseph Leonard. John Edwards, 
 Jr., m. Hannah Gibbons, daughter of Dr. James Gibbons. 
 He was proprietor of iron-works at Glen Mills, was for 
 several years a member of Congress from the district com- 
 posed of Delaware, Chester, and Lancaster Counties, and 
 was buried at Middletown Meeting 10, 5, 1825. 
 
 The children of Moses and Esther Edwards were Sarah, 
 b. 12, 17, 1743 ; Esther, b. 5, 11, 1745 ; Joshua, b. 9, 4, 
 1746 ; Caleb, b. 9, 7, 1748 ; Hannah, b. 7, 13, 1750 ; 
 Moses, b. 3, 10, 1752 ; Mary, b. 5, 15, 1755 ; John, b. 12, 
 12, 1757 ; Thomas, b. 3, 20, 1760 ; Phebe, b. 6, 15, 1763 ; 
 Nathan, b. 2, 24, 1766. 
 
 EDGE, John, with his wife Jane and family, emigrated 
 from St. Andrew's, Holborne, in the county of Middlesex, 
 England, and settled in Nether Providence about the year 
 1685. He was an earnest member of the Society of 
 Friends, and the Monthly Meeting was sometimes held at 
 his house. He had been subjected to heavy fines and im- 
 
528 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 prisonmeat in his native country for refusing to act con- 
 trary to his conscientious scruples, and on one occasion was 
 subjected to a public trial. He died 5, 10, 1711, aged 
 about sixty-five years. His children were as follows : 1. 
 Sarah, m. 1686, to Thomas Bowater, and d. 2, 26, 1692. 
 2. Mary, m. 1, 3, 1697-8, to James Sharpies, and d. 2, 
 17, 1698. 3. Abigail, m. 3, 24, 1705, to Edward Wood- 
 ward, and d. 9, 27, 1716. 4. Joseph, probably unmarried. 
 5, John, b. about the beginning of the 5th month, 1685; 
 m. 8th mo., 1709, to Mary Smedley, daughter of George 
 and Sarah, of Middletown. He died about 1734, in Upper 
 Providence, and his widow m. 9, 7, 1739, John Yarnall, 
 and died 1781. 6. Jacob, b. 3, 8, 1690; d. 2, 7, 1720; 
 m. 1712, Sarah, daughter of Rees and Hannah Jones. 
 She married again, 11, 10, 1721, Caleb Cowpland, Esq. 
 Of the foregoing, Sarah and Joseph are believed, but not 
 positively known, to have been children of John and Jane. 
 
 The children of John and Mary were, — 1. George, m. 
 9, 19, 1741, to Ann, daughter of William Peunell,of Mid- 
 dletown, b. 11, 26, 1721 ; he died as early as 1752, and 
 his widow m. 1, 11, 1759, James Worrall. 8. Sarah, m. 
 2, 5, 1739, to Lawrence Cox, and, second, to David Reece. 
 9. Jane, m. first, to James Albin, who died in West Marl- 
 borough, Sept. 29, 1750, and she married, second, Thomas 
 Downing, of East Cain. 10. Jacob, m. in 1746, Margaret 
 Paul, of Abington, and removed thither. 11. Mary, b. 7, 
 2, 1721; d. 12, 13, 1795; m. Richard Downing. 12. 
 Rachel, b. 6, 29, 1725; d. 1, 31, 1779; m. Robert Val- 
 entine. 
 
 The children of Jacob and Sarah Edge were, — 13. Han- 
 nah, b. 6, 18, 1713; d. 12, 24, 1750; m. 9, 18, 1736, to 
 John Lea. 14. Jane, b. 9, 3, 1715; d. 3, 28, 1784 ; m. 
 2, 26, 1739, Thomas Parke, and 8, 10, 1763, James Webb. 
 15. Abigail, b. 8, 28, 1717; d. unmarried at Lancaster, 
 1781. 16. Sarah, b. 9, 19, 1719; d. 7, 23, 1728. 
 
 The children of George and Ann Edge were, — 17. Mary, 
 b. 11, 18, 1742-3 ; m. William Baldwin, of Downing- 
 town. 18. John, of whom hereafter. 19. Sarah, b. 8, 
 24, 1746. 20. Ann, b. 12, 26, 1748 ; m. first, Robert 
 Parke, second, Benjamin Taylor, and, third, William 
 Trimble, by each of whom she had children. 
 
 John Edge,, son of George and Ann, born in Upper 
 Providence, 10th mo., 1744, learned the milling business 
 with his uncle, Richard Downing, at what is now Downing- 
 town, and while doing business at the " high mill," now of 
 Jacob Edge, was married, 8, 1, 1768, at East Cain Meet- 
 ing, to Anne Pim, daughter of Thomas and Frances Pim, 
 of East Cain. He afterwards owned the Hibernia Mill, on 
 the west branch of the Brandywine, and about 1790 built 
 the " Half-way House," opposite the much-frequented mill 
 of his cousin, Richard Downing. He here acted the host 
 and kept store with his eldest son for some years, and was 
 succeeded by his daughter, Sarah Reese (afterwards Han- 
 num), on retiring to the " Ship" farm. 
 
 In 1792 he purchased from Dr. Thomas Parke the 
 " Ship" property, enlarged the mansion to double its former 
 size, and on the western half built for his son George the 
 house now owned by John G. Edge, and established his 
 son Thomas on the tract lying in the borough east of the 
 present Hunt tract, and south of the Lancaster road, ex- 
 
 tending to the Brandywine. On this they had built the 
 large mansion now owned by the estate of Charles Wells, 
 deceased, and here Thomas kept store for a number of 
 years. The house now (1876) owned by the Misses Reese, 
 near the bridge, was one of the family enterprises, and he 
 may be said to have been the pioneer in improving the 
 southwestern section of the borough, as by him were sold 
 the building-sites on which the older houses were placed. 
 
 To his youngest son, John, he gave the " Ship" prop- 
 erty, 116 acres, now owned by Dr. Eshleman. He is rep- 
 resented as having possessed a great force of character and 
 an active, enterprising temper, and was fortunate in busi- 
 ness ; a keen observer, he was given to sallies of humor or 
 wisdom for the benefit of his neighbors, many of which 
 were current long after his death, which occurred 9, 14, 
 1816. 
 
 The children of John and Ann Edge were Sarah, b. 10, 
 
 10, 1769, m. Reese, and, second, James Hannum ; 
 
 Jane, b. 10, 18, 1771, d. 2, 14, 1857 ; Thomas, b. 1, 29, 
 1774, m. 10, 15, 1806, Edith Pusey, daughter of Joshua 
 and Hannah, of Londongrove; Ann, b. 7, 8, 1776, m. 
 Thomas A. Parke; Fanny, b. 1, 29, 1779; George, b. 6, 
 30, 1782, d. 12, 31, 1831, m. 3, 19, 1806, Sarah, daugh- 
 ter of John and Jane Hoopes, b. 3, 29, 1784, d. 7, 30, 
 1832; John, b. 3, 3, 1785, d. 9, 11, 1832, m. 12, 18, 
 1811, at Londongrove Meeting, to Ruth, daughter of 
 Francis and Hannah Wilkinson, of Londongrove, b. 12, 
 26, 1789, d. 5, 10, 1872; Mary, b. 10, 7, 1787, m. 11, 
 
 11, 1806, to Lea Pusey ; Pim, b. 1, 9, 1792, d. 7, 5, 1795. 
 The children of Thomas and Edith Edge were Joshua 
 
 P., b. 10, 11, 1807, ra. 5, 3, 1837, to Sarah Ann Hewes, 
 of Concord, both now deceased; Jacob, b. 11, 21, 1808, 
 m. Anna, daughter of Robert and Elizabeth Valentine, and 
 resides on Beaver Creek, in Cain township. He is presi- 
 dent of the Downingtown Bank. Ann, b. 4, 21, 1811; 
 Hannah, b. 8, 7, 1814, m. 10, 23, 1839, to Alfred Cope, 
 ship-owner and merchant, of Philadelphia. She was the 
 mother of Professor Edward D. Cope, of Philadelphia. 
 Thomas, b. 3, 3, 1818; Susan, b. 12, 11, 1819; Jane, b. 
 4, 1, 1822; Jonas, b. 1, 21, 1824; Frances, b. 9, 16, 
 1826 ; Lydia E., b. 12, 4, 1830. 
 
 Thomas J. Edge, son of Joshua and Sarah Ann, while 
 residing with his father on a farm in New Garden township, 
 became interested in improved methods of agriculture, and 
 was a contributor to agricultural journals. His labors in 
 this field led to his being appointed secretary of the Penn- 
 sylvania Board of Agriculture, of which he has proved a 
 very efficient officer. 
 
 The children of George and Sarah Edge were Mary, m. 
 to Richard Pim, Jane P., John G., Joseph, Benjamin, 
 Sarah Ann, Lydia P., and Priscilla. Of these, John G. 
 and Joseph own fine farms in Cain township. 
 
 The children of John and Ruth Edge were Elizabeth, 
 b. 10, 28, 1813; Fanny, b. 10, 11, 1815; Ruthanna, b. 
 10, 25, 1817, m. to Nathan J. Sharpless, now of Penn 
 township ; William, b. 9, 4, 1819, was for some time pres- 
 ident of the Downingtown Bank, now a member of the 
 Stock Board in Philadelphia, with residence at Downing- 
 town ; John P., b. 6, 22, 1822, a physician and unmarried. 
 
 Dr. John P. Edge was born in the old " Ship" tavern- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 529 
 
 house, in East Cain, now Cain township, June 22, 1822, 
 and was a farm-boy until eighteen years of age, and at- 
 tended the neighborhood schools, except three years which 
 were spent at Westtown Friends' Boarding-School. He 
 then taught private and public schools, read medicine, and 
 graduated M.D. at Jefferson Medical College in 1846, 
 and entered upon the practice of his profession in Down- 
 ingtown, which he pursued with success for thirty years. 
 
 He was a member of the House of Representatives of 
 Pennsylvania from Chester County during the sessions of 
 1875, 1876, 1877, and 1878. His nomination was entirely 
 spontaneous and unsolicited, and was an instance in which 
 the office sought the man, and not the man the office. He 
 served as chairman of the committee on Geologic Survey, 
 and was also a member of the committees on Education, 
 Agriculture, and Constitutional Reform. He originated 
 and had passed the bill establishing the Board of Agricul- 
 ture, which promises moro. of benefit to the farming inter- 
 ests than all else that has been done in that direction in this 
 State. G. H. Morgan, in his " Legislative Sketch-Book," in 
 speaking of Dr. Edge, says, " That his interest is especially 
 centred in three questions that relate to the moral, indus- 
 trial, and sanitary welfare of the masses was shown in the 
 active part he took at the last session (1875) in his efforts 
 to secure more enlarged accommodation for the poor of the 
 State, and especially for the separate treatment of insane 
 criminals, and by the fact that he presented more petitions, 
 etc., to the House from the farming interest, and on ques- 
 tions of moral reform, than any other member." 
 
 He has been a member of the Chester County Medical 
 Society from its revival, and has frequently represented it 
 in the State and National Associations, and always endea- 
 vored to maintain the honor of the profession. 
 
 At the organization of the Board of Agriculture, in Jan- 
 uary, 1877, he was nominated by Governor Hartranft as a 
 member for the State at large, and was, against his ex- 
 pressed wish, reappointed by Governor Hoyt. 
 
 On July 4) 1876, he made an address to the people of 
 Downingtown, giving the history of the town and sur- 
 rounding neighborhood, which is replete with interesting 
 and instructive information. 
 
 EDMISTON, James, of West Nottingham, died about 
 1757. The name of his wife was Margaret, and his chil- 
 dren mentioned in his will were William, Elizabeth, and 
 John. He had a brother Hugh, and was probably related 
 to the following. 
 
 Dr. Samuel Edmiston graduated at Princeton College, 
 and married a daughter of Rev. Samuel Blair, of Fagg's 
 Manor. He was appointed by Benjamin Rush, Surgeon- 
 General, May 16, 1777, as second surgeon in the military 
 hospitals under his (Rush's) direction. Although he wrote 
 his name Edmiston in his correspondence, yet in official 
 documents it is Edmondson. Having taken the oath of 
 allegiance to the new government on the 8th of October, 
 1781, he received a commission dated the next day as U. S. 
 surgeon, of which the following is a copy : 
 
 " The United States of America in Congress Assembled 
 
 "To Samuel EDsrosDSON Esq', Greeting. We Reposing especial 
 trust and confidence in your Patriotism Prudence and fidelity do by 
 these presents appoint yon To be Physician and Surgeon of the Uos- 
 
 67 
 
 pitals of the United States, from the Twentieth Day of September, 
 1781. You are Therefore faithfully and diligently to discharge the 
 duty of Physician and Surgeon 
 
 " By doing and performing all manner of things thereunto Belong- 
 ing, and you are to observe and follow such orders and directions from 
 time to time as you shall Receive from this or a future Congress of 
 the United States, or Committee of Congress for that Purpose ap- 
 pointed, a Committee of the States, or Commander in Chief for the 
 time being of the Army of the United States, or any other your su- 
 perior officer, according to the Rules and Discipline of War, in pur- 
 suance of the trust Reposed in you. This Commission to continue in 
 force untill Revoked, by this or a future Congress, the Committee of 
 Congress before Mentioned, or a Committee of the States. 
 
 "Witness Ilis E.'ioellency Thomas McKean Esq' President of the 
 Congress of the United Stiites of America, at Philadelphia The Ninth 
 day of October 1781, and in the Sixth year of our Independence, 
 
 " Tho". McKban Presl. 
 
 " Entered in the War OfBce 
 
 and examined by the Board 
 Attest 
 
 " Jos Caeleton Secretary of the Board of War." 
 
 Dr. Edmiston's daughter Margaret married Joseph 
 Turner, whose descendants reside in Upper Oxford. 
 
 EHRENZELLER, Dr. Jacob, was the son of Jacob 
 Ehrenzeller, a native of Switzerland, who migrated to this 
 country and engaged in the business of tavern-keeping in 
 Fourth Street, Philadelphia, where the subject of this 
 notice was born, about Sept. 1, 1757. He studied medi- 
 cine in Philadelphia, but under whose guidance is not 
 known. It is known, however, that he was a classical 
 scholar. From 1773 to 1778 he was a medical apprentice 
 in the Pennsylvania Hospital, where he acquired a consid- 
 erable amount of practical knowledge. He never obtained 
 a degree either of Bachelor or Doctor of Medicine, but re- 
 ceived a certificate of qualification to practice medicine 
 from Drs. Kuhn and Shippen, by which he was enabled to 
 procure the commission of assistant surgeon, and entered 
 the American army during the Revolutionary war. He 
 was present, on duty, at the battle of Monmouth and some 
 other engagements, in which he always conducted himself 
 with great propriety. Towards the close of the war he left 
 the army and settled in the township of Goshen, Chester 
 Co., where, for a number of years, he sedulously attended 
 to the duties of his profession. Subsequently he removed 
 into the borough of West Chester, and continued his pro- 
 fessional labors until within a few years of his death, which 
 occurred from apoplexy, July 18, 1838, in his eighty-first 
 year. He married his cousin, Elizabeth Hankee, and had 
 two daughters, both of whom were imbecile and died in 
 early life, thus adding to the many sad evidences of the in- 
 jurious results of consanguineous unions. 
 
 For many years Dr. Ehrenzeller enjoyed a lucrative prac- 
 tice, and commanded in a great degree the confidence of 
 the community. He held the office of chief magistrate of 
 the borough as often and as long as he would consent to 
 serve. A good portrait of him was painted by Miss Strode, 
 an accomplished lady artist of the vicinity, and presented 
 by her to the Chester County Cabinet, where it is carefully 
 preserved. 
 
 As a physician, Dr. Ehrenzeller was eminently practical, 
 and gave general satisfaction by the fidelity with which he 
 devoted himself to his duties. In manners he was ratljei; 
 austere, and sometimes abrupt, with a dash of caijstic sar- 
 casm when improperly interfered with, but he possessed a 
 
530 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 kind heart, and was ever ready with his best efforts to relieve 
 the sufferings of the aiHicted. He had but little patience 
 with the absurd credulity of the ignorant in medical mat- 
 ters ; disdaining to argue them out of superstitious notions, 
 he would occasionally remark to his brother- practitioners, 
 "Si vulgus vult decipi, decipiatur '" 
 
 Few men evinced a more ardent patriotism than Dr. 
 Ehrcnzeller ; and in the latter years of his life he delighted 
 to talk of the Revolution, and of the men who conducted 
 that struggle to its glorious termination. He always had a 
 cutting remark for those of his contemporaries who had 
 opposed the noble cause of freedom and independence. 
 
 ELDRIDGE, Thomas, and Mary, his wife, produced a 
 certificate from Friends in Philadelphia, 4, 10, 1717, hav- 
 ing already settled in Cain township. He was by occupa- 
 tion a shoemaker, and a certificate given to Isaac Williams, 
 who had been his apprentice for six years, is dated " Cain 
 the 22'^ Day of the first month, 1716-7." He died prior 
 to March 8, 1739, leaving children, — James, Joseph, and 
 Mary. The latter married John Starr, of Charlestown, and 
 her brothers also married. James and Sarah, his wife, went 
 to Wilmington, and were perhaps the parents of Jesse El- 
 dridge, who owned a farm on the Brandywine at or near the 
 circular line. Their daughter Martha married at Uwchlan 
 Meeting, 4, 14, 1763, John Whelen, and was the mother 
 of the founder of the Village Record. 
 
 Jonathan Eldridge, said to have been a twin brother 
 of David Eldridge, of New Jersey, settled in Goshen town- 
 ship. His death resulted from falling into the wheel-pit, 
 or being caught in some of the machinery, at what is 
 known as McCall's mill, in Goshen. It is said that he had 
 a brother William and some sisters, but was the only one 
 of the family who came to this county. The records of 
 Gosheu Meeting show that bis father's name was Thomas. 
 His first wife was Mary, daughter of Joseph Garrett, by 
 whom he had children,— Hannah, b. 10, 2, 1763, d. 2, 22, 
 1764 ; Joseph, b. 10, 11, 1765, d. 2, 17, 1845. He mar- 
 ried, 10, 3, 1771, Sarah, daughter of Ellis and Lydia Davis, 
 of Goshen, by whom he had a daughter, Lydia. His widow 
 married, 12, 1, 1779, William Allen, of Londongrove. 
 
 Joseph Eldridge married Lydia Griffith, born 10, 18, 
 1763, died 7, 10, 1817, daughter of Nathan and Rachel, 
 of Willistown, and had the following children : Jonathan, 
 b. 7, 6, 1789, d. 6, 15, 1791 ; Nathan, b. 11, 12, 1790, d. 
 5, 19, 1791 ; Joseph, b. 3, 16, 1792, and still living in East 
 Goshen ; James, b. 11, 19, 1793, d. 9, 27, 1794; Enos, b. 
 9, 13, 1795, d. 12, 29, 1868; John, b. 11, 29, 1796, de- 
 ceased; Lydia, b. 10, 18, 1798, m. Isaac G. Hoopes ; Reu- 
 ben, b. 8, 13, 1801 , now residing in West Chester ; Mary, b. 
 6, 25, 1803, d. 8, 3, 1807 ; Abner, b. 6, 26, 1806, m. Amy 
 (Hoopes) Davidson, now resides near Muscatine, Iowa. 
 
 Joseph Eldridge, Sr., built a fulling-mill on his farm, in 
 East Goshen, next to the line of Willistown, in 1813, and 
 his son Joseph, when married to Abigail Garrett, 6, 9, 1814, 
 settled there, occupying a part of the mill as a house, and 
 carrying on the business. He afterwards enlarged the mill 
 upwards and outwards, beside erecting a substantial stone 
 house a few yards westward and other buildings. The 
 old homestead buildings became the property of his brother- 
 in-law, Isaac G. Hoopes. 
 
 The children of Joseph and Abigail were Mary, Lydia 
 (married to Caleb S. Cope), Garrett, David, William Penn, 
 Jonathan, and Pennell, of whom only Mary, Lydia, and 
 David are living. 
 
 The children of Enos and Susanna were Harriett (mar- 
 ried to Richard J. Thatcher), Rachel, Joseph G., Lydia 
 Ann (married to Joseph Liddon Pennock), Anna Maria, 
 Issachar, Jane M., and Mafgaret G., the last two being the 
 proprietors of a school at Malvern. 
 
 ELWYN, Dr. A. L. — Thomas Elwyn was born in 
 Canterbury, England ; graduated at Oxford in 1794, and 
 came in 1795 to America. He came of a family old 
 and honorable in British history, and married in Ports- 
 mouth, N. H., July 16, 1797, Elizabeth Langdon, born 
 December, 1777. She was the daughter of Hon. John 
 Langdon, born December, 1739, on the Piscataqua. She 
 was a descendant of the famous Sherburne- Wentworth 
 families, which, with that of Langdon, dates far back into 
 England's brightest annals. John Langdon's mother, 
 Mary Hall, was a great-granddaughter of Ralph Hall, a 
 signer of the Exeter " Combination" of 1639. John 
 Langdon married, Feb. 3, 1777, Elizabeth, only daughter 
 and second child of John, son of Henry and Dorothy 
 (Wentworth) Sherburne, intermarried with a daughter of 
 John Moffat, -a wealthy merchant of Portsmouth, N. H. 
 John Langdon, in 1775, was a delegate in the Continental 
 Congress at Philadelphia ; was Speaker of the House of 
 Representatives of New Hampshire ; was Governor of that 
 State ; was a United States Senator, and the first presiding 
 officer of the United States Senate, and when Washington 
 was first inaugurated President, in April, 1789. He was 
 a great man and distinguished patriot. He died Sept. 20, 
 1819, at Portsmouth, N. H., leaving but one child, Eliza- 
 beth, married to Thomas Elwyn. The latter died many 
 years before his wife, who deceased at Philadelphia, Aug. 
 8, 1860, having had nine children, — Catharine Cecilia, 
 Elinor Elizabeth, John Langdon, Emily Sophia, Alfred L. 
 (subject of this sketch), Charles Henry, Emma Matilda, 
 Thomas Octavius, and William Octavius. Alfred L. was 
 born July 9, 1804, in Portsmouth, N. H., where he went 
 to school under the noted Deacon Tappan. In 1816 he 
 went to Exeter Academy, and there remained three years. 
 In 1819 he entered Harvard University, from which he 
 was graduated in 1823. He read medicine in Boston with 
 the celebrated Dr. Gorham. He went to England, and to 
 Edinburgh in October, 1826, and back to London in April, 
 1827. Then passed one year in Paris, and in summer of 
 1829 returned to America, having in the course of his so- 
 journ abroad visited his father's relatives in England and 
 kept up a continuous course of study. In 1831 he grad- 
 uated at the University of Pennsylvania, and received hia 
 diploma as M.D. He was married, Jan. 31, 1832, to Mary 
 Middleton, daughter of Dr. James Mease, and grand- 
 daughter of Hon. Pierce Butler, of South Carolina, by 
 whom he has one living child. Rev. Alfred Elwyn. His 
 daughter, Mary Middleton Elwyn, married Dr. G. W. 
 Mitchell, and died in 1861, leaving two sons, both living. 
 In 1845, Dr. Elwyn, who has always resided in -Phila- 
 delphia but has never practiced medicine, purchased prop- 
 erty in East Bradford township, -where he has had a sum- 
 
■ 'U^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 531 
 
 mer residence ever since. He was cue of the founders of 
 the State Agricultural Society in 1850, and has been 
 largely identified with its progress. He was connected 
 with the establishment of the Institution for the Blind of 
 Philadelphia, and was the originator of the training-school 
 for feeble-minded children, located at Elwyn, and fostered 
 and built by the State. He has ever taken the greatest 
 interest in all the philanthropic institutions, and aided in 
 the creation of many of them. He is now the oldest liv- 
 ing member of the American Association of Science. He 
 belongs to the Academy of Natural Sciences ; was a director 
 for many years in Girard College, and long time an officer 
 in the Historical Society. He served as president of the 
 Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and was 
 president of the old Agricultural Society of Philadelphia. 
 He was one of the Philadelphia board of three for licensing 
 taverns under a special act of the Legislature, in which he 
 acquitted himself with honor and to the credit of the city. 
 His farm in East Bradford originally belonged to Philip 
 Price. The first guano put on lands in the county was by 
 Dr. Elwyn on his farm in 1846. He has given much at- 
 tention to the natural sciences, philosophical inquiry, and 
 political economy^ and contributed largely to the press, 
 reviews, and magazines with his able pen. His varied 
 learning and versatile genius has made him one of the 
 most pointed and incisive of our educated men. He still 
 pursues his studies with the ardor of his youlh unabated, 
 and is a zealous worker in the cause of humanity. 
 
 EMBREE,* James.— The family of James Embree 
 have heretofore traced his name and ancestry to Moses 
 Embree, of Egg Harbor, N. J., and through a membership 
 with Friends. I have always supposed that he had not 
 come there from Europe direct, and that his name was not 
 of English origin. Years ago I had written to Robert C. 
 Embree, counselor-at-law, in New York, for the genealogy 
 of his family, but he had not then traced it. When the re- 
 quest came to write this sketch for the " History of Chester 
 County" I renewed the correspondence. He had then, with 
 the aid of Charles B. Moore, counselor-at-law, of that city, 
 of antiquarian tastes, completed the chain back to John 
 Embree, of Flushing, L. I. ; and in a census of the towns 
 of that island, taken by authority of law in 1698, the name 
 of John Embree appears in the list for Flushing, and in the 
 list for Hempstead, eleven miles farther east and twenty- 
 one from New York, appear the names of Moses Embery 
 and Mary Embery. 
 
 The French Huguenots, terribly persecuted in France 
 under Louis XIV., had before that date numerously settled 
 in the city of New York, at New Rochelle, twenty miles 
 northeast of that city, on the north side of Long Island 
 Sound, and at the above villages, on the south side of the 
 Sound, and at the west end of the island, where Brooklyn 
 now stands. The transition by water from thence was nat- 
 ural and easy down the coast of New Jersey to Egg Har- 
 bor. The lapse of time would conform with the known 
 longevity of the family if this Moses were taken to be the 
 father of Samuel, the father of James, born in 17-18, and 
 would hardly admit of another link in the chain, 
 
 ■ » By Eli K. Price. 
 
 The name seems more French than English, and the 
 spelling is thus derived : R. C. Embree writes me that Mr. 
 " Milhun, French druggist on Broadway, and very much of 
 a gentleman and scholar, told me years ago that he knew the 
 name well in Normandy, but there spelled Embrfi." Onr 
 double ee at the end is to preserve the same sound as the 
 accented i in French. Constitutional characteristics in the 
 Embree posterity in Pennsylvania strongly attested the 
 inherited effects of the religious persecutions in France 
 and Ireland by a religious sadness that alternated with the 
 natural vivacity of the French and of the Celtic blood of 
 the Kirks of Ulster. Their emotions vibrated between the 
 heights and depths of religious experiences and a constitu- 
 tional cheerfulness. 
 
 The inquiry has been pursued backwards and forwards. 
 From the " Annals of Hempstead," page 51, under date 
 of May 24, 1682, it is shown that Moses Emory and others 
 contributed to the support of Jeremy Hobart, minister 
 there. April 1, 1687, Samuel Emory is made constabte. 
 July 3, 1691 (page 56), Moses Emory is assessed £124 
 13s. 4(f. We next find traces of Moses and Mary Embro, 
 or Embree, in New Jersey. 
 
 The minutes of the Monthly Meeting of Little Egg 
 Harbor, N. J., show that Moses and Mary Embro, his wife, 
 were there — then Friends in that " Quaker Settlement" — 
 from 1711 to 1725, this being the meeting record of the 
 births of their children: Abigail, b. 18th of 12th mo., 
 1711 ; Martha, the 13th of 12th mo., 1712; Sarah, 11th 
 of 3d mo , 1715 ; Samuel, 15th ofSthmo., 1717 ; Moses, 
 26th of 11th mo., 1714; John, 12th of 11th mo., 1721 : 
 Elizabeth, 12th of 6th mo., 1724. On the 14th of 9th 
 month, 1717, Thomas Ridgway and Moses Emmery were 
 present, and made report of having attended the Quarterly 
 Meeting as its representatives ; Moses Etnmory gave in the 
 certificate to the Monthly Meeting. On the 10th of 4th 
 month, 1725, Richard Ojborne and Thorn is Ridgway 
 made report that, in pursumce of their appointment, " they 
 had made inquiry after Moses Eramory's life and conversa- 
 tion, and find nothing but that it had been very orderly ;" 
 and at a Women's Meeting, held 13th of 3d month, 1725, 
 a request was made for a certificate for Mary Elmbro, for 
 her removal into Pennsylvania with her husband ; and it 
 was granted at next meeting, the committee having re- 
 ported "her conduct orderly, and diligent in attending 
 meeting," etc. 
 
 Abington Monthly Meeting, in Pennsylvania, contains 
 the following: 26th of 5th month, 1725, " A certificate 
 was produced by Moses Embree and wife from Little 
 Egg Harbor, in order to settle within the verge of this 
 Monthly Meeting." Minute, 30th of 1st month, 1731 : 
 " Oxford Friends having made application for some relief 
 for Moses Embree, this Meeting orders each Particular 
 Meeting to raise a collection for that purpose." Minute, 
 28th of 4th month, 1731 : " Paid to Moses Embree for the 
 relief of his family in the smallpox, the sum of £4 10s." 
 Let us bless the .memory of Jenner that we are nearly 
 exempt from the scourge ; and all who have the blood of 
 Friends in their veins be thankful for the uniform human- 
 ity in their ancestors, of whom this act was characteristic. 
 
 " At Haverford Monthly Meeting of Friends, held 13th 
 
532 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 of 5th month, 1732, a certificate was received from Abing- 
 ton Monthly Meeting of 29th 3d month, 1732, for Moses 
 Embree and wife and daughter Martha, and the rest of the 
 children;" and 8th of 11th month, 1735, one was received 
 there from Abington for Sarah Embree. The 13th of 10th 
 month, 1736, Thomas Thomas and Martha Embry pass 
 meeting a second time, " and are left to their liberty,'' and 
 two Friends are appointed and " ordered to see them mar- 
 ried, safely united, and bring an account to the next 
 Monthly Meeting." The 13th of 10th month, 1739, cer- 
 tificate was granted for Moses Embree and wife to Oley 
 Monthly Meeting (in Berks County). 
 
 Oley Monthly Meeting records, at Maiden Creek, show 
 that Moses Embree produced certificate from Haverford 
 Monthly Meeting, 5th month 31, 1740, wife and son 
 Samuel ; and at same date Mary Embree produced in the 
 Women's Meeting a certificate from Haverford. Moses 
 Embree, Junior, came from Abington 4th month 27, 
 1745, and married Margaret Eleman in 1752. Samuel 
 Emhree, son of Moses (senior), oi Eoheson township, Lan- 
 caster Co., and married Rachel, daughter of James Lewis, 
 of Comru township, Berks Co.* March 10, 1761, 
 Samuel bought of Jona. Stephens a tract of 53 acres 
 119 perches in Comru, and on May 18, 1769, bought of 
 William Thomas a tract of 191 acres 40 perches in Comru 
 township. Samuel devised his lands to his sons, James and 
 Moses; and in 1786 James conveys 160 acres in Comru 
 to Moses. Samuel died 2d month 24, 1777, leavin"' 
 issue but those two sons.f 
 
 Of other children of Moses and Mary Embree, it may be 
 added that Abigail, the eldest, married Charles Townsend, 
 of Philadelphia ; Sarah married John Hughes, of Merion, 
 and (secondly) Owen Humphrey; Moses, Jr., went to 
 North Carolina, and probably to Georgia; John was 
 living near Wrightsborough, Ga., in 1800. 
 
 James Embrke, son of Samuel Embree, of Comru town- 
 ship, Berks Co., and Phebe Starr, daughter of Merrick 
 Starr, of Maiden Creek, were married 5th month 15, 
 1771, at Maiden Creek. Their children were Samuel, b. 
 3d mo. 7, 1772; Merrick, b. 9th mo. 7, 1774; James, 
 b. 7th mo. 5, 1776; Phebe, b. 2d mo. 1, 1778. Their 
 mother died 2d mo. 15, 1778. 
 
 James Embree, son of Samuel, married, 12th mo. 11 
 1782, Rebecca Kirk, daughter of William Kirk, of East 
 Nantmeal, at Nantmeal Meeting. Their children were Wil- 
 liam, b. 9th mo. IG, 1783, d. 1st mo. 25, 1865 ; Rachel, b. 
 
 » Robeson township was next southeast of Comru, and is now in 
 Berks. 
 
 t The pursuit to the early source of the Embrees in America has 
 had the interest of a chase after game, or for new plants or minerals, 
 with a zest even more emotional than science or mining profits for 
 it enlisted a human sympathy for those whose blood is yet young and 
 fresh in the veins of my children and grandchildren, whose ancestry 
 came through the persecutions the Huguenots and Quakers endured, 
 and the trials of successive settlements in new frontiers in the wil- 
 derness. The names of those to whom I owe thanks for aid in this 
 genealogical pursuit are Charles B. Moore, Robert C. Embree, John 
 Jordan, Aroholaus R. Tharo, Leah Blackman, Isaac Mather, Dr. 
 James Leviok, Joseph W. George, Tyson Embree, John S. Pea'rson, 
 J. Willis Martin, Charles R. Miller, and, as to later events, Pearson 
 and Anna Embree, William J. Jenks, Charles Stokes, and his grand- 
 daughter, Anna Albertson. 
 
 8th mo. 15, 1785, d. 2d mo. 14, 1813 ; Davis, b. 6th mo. 
 9, 1787; Hannah, b. 9th mo. 19, 1788, d. 1st mo. 15, 
 1867; Jesse, b. 1st mo. 2, 1790, d. 8th mo. 9, 1823; 
 Daniel, b. 7th mo. 25, 1791 ; Sibbilla, b. 4th mo. 1, 1793, 
 d. 1793 ; Sibilla, b. 4th mo. 12, 1794, d. 4th mo. 30, 1873 ; 
 Rebecca, b. 1st mo. 31, 1796, d. 9th mo. 27, 1877 ; Elisha, 
 b. 4th mo. 25, 1797 ; Anna, b. 5th mo. 22, 1799, d. 6th 
 mo. 4, 1862. 
 
 James Embree purchased the place in West Bradford 
 where Israel Lamborn now lives, about two miles westward 
 of Marshallton, in 3d month, and moved to it 4th mo. 1, 
 1791. He brought a certificate from Exeter to Bradford 
 Monthly Meeting in the same spring, for himself, wife, and 
 all his children to Jesse inclusive. 
 
 James Embree farmed his place during the residue of 
 his life, and also malted barley. He and his wife Rebecca 
 both became elders of Bradford Monthly Meeting. They 
 were faithful to their duties and careful to take their chil- 
 dren to meetings, and to give them all the education that 
 the schools and their means could afford, and the school- 
 house on the road running south from the Strasburg road 
 to the poor-house was the place of their schooling, and 
 where several of them commenced to teach. Phebe, Sib- 
 billa, Rebecca, and Anna had the adv^antage of a Westtown 
 School education. James Embree, born 6th mo^ 3, 1748, 
 died 8th mo. 5, 1815; Phebe, his wife, born 8th mo. 8, 
 1750, died 2d mo. 15, 1778: Rebecca, his wife, born 2d 
 mo. 3, 1858, died 9th mo. 7, 1808. 
 
 Now what more can I say of James Embree ? Not a 
 scrap of his writing is found, except the Bible entries of 
 the births and deaths of his children. I have a memory 
 of him, and can say of him that he was a dignified, serious, 
 and earnest man. He was intelligent in business and in 
 mechanical inventions. He was well informed and faith- 
 fully practical in the affairs of religious society. The 
 weight of these and the responsibility of providing for fif- 
 teen children was a constant pressure upon him. If all 
 men had to bear the weight he bore, life would be too anx- 
 ious ibr human happiness ; but in his religion and his fam- 
 ily he had great consolation. 
 
 Well, James Embree did this, the best thing a man can 
 do, if he has the courage, health, and energy to do it : he 
 chose wisely his wives; he raised fourteen children to 
 manhood and womanhood, all in good reputation, and all 
 well fitted for usefulness in society. That is more credita- 
 ble than even first-rate farming. Shall I not then speak 
 briefly of these, and of how they struggled with life when 
 cast upon their own resources? It is more interesting to 
 observe this strife than that of the children of the rich, 
 who have all they need provided for them, which the pru- 
 dent save and grow richer, and the improvident waste and 
 grow worse and poor. The history of the Embree children 
 has its lessons and deep pathos. 
 
 The children of the first wife were constitutionally grave 
 and correct. Samuel went to Ohio, was a farmer, and has 
 left a worthy posterity. Merrick was a farmer, and kept a 
 nursery at the south end of the Embree farm, on the Stras- 
 burg road. His worthy descendants are in and about Mar- 
 shallton. James was a farmer and store-keeper, and is rep- 
 resented in West Chester by his son Pearson and family, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 533 
 
 where the mechanical tendency of his grandfather has well 
 cropped out. Phebe died unmarried. 
 
 The children of the second wife had another element, 
 and it is interesting to study the law of heredity in the two 
 sets. Something is indicated when it is said Rebecca's 
 grandfather was an Irishman, and more when it is stated 
 that he was of the ■vigorous race of the province of Ulster, 
 in the north of Ireland, peopled centuries back by adven- 
 turous Scotchmen. 
 
 But I forbear to speak of these until I have spoken of 
 their mother, Rebecca Kirk, whose father, William Kirk, 
 was son of Alphonsus Kirk, who left Lurgan, Ireland, in 
 1688, with the approval of his meeting and his parents, 
 Roger and Elizabeth Kirk, and reached New Castle County, 
 near the lower border of this State, old Chester County, 
 and settled on the east side of the Brandywine in 1689. 
 He married Abigail, daughter of Adam Sharpley, 12th 
 month, 1692-3. The subjoined letter of Rebecca is 
 copied here for good reasons, for she was the faithful help- 
 meet of James Embree during all her married life ; it shows 
 her own mind, feelings, and characteristics, and inferentially 
 those of Rachel, the beloved daughter addressed, who 
 during the next year was to replace her mother in the care 
 of her many children, and to become the comforter of her 
 father in his old age and great bereavement. It shows her 
 familiarity with the Scriptures when these were more read 
 than now, and there was a keener relish for their religious 
 truths and poetical beauties : 
 
 " West Bkadfoed, ith Mo. IStli, 1807. 
 
 " Dear Child, — I don't know that I have much to tell thee that 
 will be likely to produce much satisfaction, or feel very interesting to 
 thee, as it seems as if 1 had to pass of late through a winter season ; 
 a season wherein the beauties of creation lay obscured, and the voice 
 of the turtle is not heard, though nature is wearing her brightest gar- 
 ment, the fields spreading forth their most beautiful foliage, and the 
 gardens displaying their liveliest colors, the little birds uttering their 
 sweet notes on almost every branch ; yet to me it is like >i. winter 
 season. 
 
 "I don't mention these things to cast a gloom over thy tender 
 mind. I know thee has enough to bear, and I am sometimes afraid 
 too much. I feel concerned lest thee should suffer thy situation to 
 impress thy mind too seriously. I want thee to be as cheerful as is 
 becoming, and what thee can't help try to think but little about it. I 
 have been under the necessity to do so, and have been helped thus 
 far to my admiration ; and although it has been with me as above de- 
 scribed, yet I am thankful that it is not worse than it is. . . . 
 
 " We have had the company of dear Mary Wichell, of Frankford, 
 and dear Euth Richardson, of Philadelphia, at our Quarterly Meeting, 
 and at Bradford Meeting, and at our house. I told R. Richardson I 
 had a daughter in town and where thee lived. She said she would be 
 glad to know thee, etc. . . . 
 
 '* I remain thy ever affectionate mother, 
 " Rebecca Embree." 
 
 This is the only letter I have found written by James 
 Embreet.or Rebecca his wife. It shows the tender mater- 
 nal spirit of her mind in loving sympathy with her beloved 
 daughter, as first entering upon the trials of life. It shows 
 that the " seed" of life were yet living in the Society of 
 Friends here in America, and here in Chester County, as 
 George Fox had foreseen them in ascendency on his death- 
 bed in 1690, when his last words were, " All is well, and 
 the seed of God reigns over all, and over death itself; and 
 though I am weak in body, the power of the Lord is over 
 all, and over all disorderly spirits." In making the ex- 
 
 tracts I feel as one who has exhumed a sacred seed that has 
 laid under ground for three-fourths of a century, to take a 
 new growth in the light and warmth of the sun, in '' good 
 ground." May it fructify in good fruits. 
 
 The letter shows that she waited for the Lord to be gra- 
 cious, as was the wont of faithful Friends in all times; to 
 watch observantly the guidance of God, with sincere solici- 
 tude to follow the intimations given, and if for a season it 
 pleased Him to withhold the evidence of his gracious 
 presence, patiently to wait his reappearance, in the faith 
 that He would never desert his faithful children. It is 
 plain she was then under the preparing Hand for her im- 
 mortal life. In the following year she died. 
 
 Rachel then, or soon after, had her severe trial, and bore 
 it as women often do, silently, though knowing the grief 
 was hastening her to the grave. He who had proiTered his 
 love was worthy ; but her parents thought they saw that 
 her happiness would not be secured by leaving their home. 
 Her few remaining years were beautifully holy and instruc- 
 tive. I speak of what I saw. She died 2d month 14, 1813. 
 
 Rebecca Embree, wife of James, as all her sisters, had 
 an education that fitted her well for all household duties, 
 and for those of a wife and mother whose husband was not 
 rich and whose children were many ; for they were four 
 by a first wife and eleven by the second. For these she 
 provided clothing ; kept them in condition to go respecta- 
 bly to school, to meeting, and into society ; she trained 
 them well in intellect, manners, and morals ; was their nurse 
 and largely their physician ; she was a sympathizing visitor 
 to the sick and poor ; and as an elder was a mother in the 
 Church of the Society of Friends. In the administration 
 of their discipline she was humane and merciful. She ever 
 remembered that " Like as a father pitieth his children, so 
 the Lord pitieth them that fear him ; for He knoweth our 
 frame." She remembered that we are all his children, and 
 that we are all liable to err. I have heard her daughter 
 Hannah repeat that as a child she heard when sitting in 
 the Women's Meeting of business. A member was under 
 treatment for marrying " out of meeting," whom Rebecca, 
 as one of a committee, had visited, and knew her tender 
 condition of mind and her desire to remain in membership 
 with Friends. Finding a disposition to disown the off'ender 
 she said, " I would have Friends seriously to consider the 
 step they are about to take. Here is a contrite woman, of 
 tender spirit, asking to be kept in membership with us, 
 and to share our sisterly sympathy and religious fellowship 
 and cares. If we drive her from us she will go out with 
 feelings hardened towards us ; she will be the more exposed 
 to temptation because we have thus done, and because she . 
 will not have our loving care. On our action may depend 
 her safety, and on us may rest the responsibility of the 
 loss of an immortal soul!" The appeal was availing. 
 Truly it requires more than human wisdom to know when 
 the higher duty is, to clear the religious society of the re- 
 proach of unworthy members, or to forbear to disown, to 
 continue to labor, and to try to save. It may not be for- 
 gotten that the door of Christ's mercy is never closed to 
 those who will repent and live. No touch of selfishness 
 may inhere in the performance of hallowed duties. 
 
 I will speak of the ten children of James and Rebecca 
 
534 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Embree who grew up, in the order of their deaths. Rachel 
 was the first to go. Her brother Jesse, in a letter to his 
 friend, Charles Stokes, of Rancocas, N. J., dated 3d month 
 24, 1813, speaks of being at home before the death of his 
 " worthy sjster," and much " in her edifying society." He 
 describes the scene as very affecting, to see -the aged father 
 take final leave of his beloved daughter, who had acted the 
 part of a mother to the younger children, who was his im- 
 plicit confidant, who had soothed him in sickness, and was 
 his greatest comfort in declining years. He also speaks of 
 the impressive solemnity of the meeting held at her funeral, 
 wherein Jesse Kersey drew very forcibly the contrasted feel- 
 ings of the parent who loses a virtuous with those of 
 one who buries a vicious child. I remember her in her 
 years of decay as one sweetly devout in her religion, affec- 
 tionate, kind ; whose spirit longed for a more perfect exist- 
 ence ; whose countenance already bore a heavenly sweet- 
 ness and angelic beauty. 
 
 Jesse Embree was the next of these children to pass out 
 of this life. Before 1812 he had been keeping school at 
 Moorestown, N. J., and there formed an intimate acquaint- 
 ance with Charles Stokes, of Rancocas, now iu his nine- 
 tieth year, who has kindly furnished me with copies of 
 eleven of his letters, written from 1st month, 1812, to 8th 
 month, 1816; the dates from Baltimore being from 12th 
 month 3, 1812, to 5th month 21, 1813, where he taught 
 school, and from 2d month, 1814, they came from Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio. In his last letter from Baltimore he said his 
 father had given his consent to his going Westward, appre- 
 hending that his health would no longer stand the confine- 
 ment of teaching. Jesse exclaimed, " He is a dear, good 
 old man, and is very tender of his son." 
 
 I have read all Jesse's side of the correspondence, writ- 
 ten in the freedom of the most intimate and confiding 
 friendship. It details the trials of a teacher, also the 
 trials of one constitutionally nervous ; of one refined by 
 nature and culture when brought into contact with the 
 rough customers of a brewery and of a Western steam- 
 boat captain. But every line of his letters shows him to 
 have been true to his parental and social training, in morals 
 and religion, and his own refining culture, and not a trace 
 of the modern scepticism is to be seen. 
 
 His brother Davis and himself were brewers in Cincin- 
 nati, and were occupied in the efi'ort to extend their busi- 
 ness by sending their ale down the rivers at the date of 
 the last letter from Cincinnati. I remember to have met 
 Davis when their business included the buying and sellin" 
 of real estate, in which they thought they were prospering. 
 . But they as well as others were, while floating on a paper 
 currency at high flood-tide, unconscious how high the nom- 
 inal values were above the real prices when to be paid in 
 specie, when sherifl!s' sales should close their transactions. 
 From this height paper inflation prices were declining 
 after 1816 until Aug. 17, 1822, and hence the lines in 
 the letter of Jesse of that date, written at St. Louis, to the 
 widow of his deceased friend: "Nominally possessed of an 
 estate at home, I labored under the most mortifyin" and 
 persecuting financial embarrassment." The letter was to 
 Eliza W. Hinchman, of Philadelphia. He endeavored to 
 afford consolation to her, when he sadly needed it himself. 
 
 "St. Louis, August 17, 1822. 
 "Dear Bliza,-tA long train of painful and adverse events has 
 sent me a melancholy and almost hopeless wanderer through the 
 limitless and perilous regions of the Mississippi; my mind a wreck 
 of misfortune ; my heart the victim of separation, and my person the 
 subject of disease. Nominally possessed of an estate at home, (I) 
 labored under the most mortifying and persecuting financial embar- 
 rassments ; and possessed of all that is amiable, affectionate, and 
 soothing and kind in the conjugal state, I am doomed to consume nine- 
 tenths of my time at an almost unmeasureable distance from my fam- 
 ily, and generally without the reach of their correspondence. But 
 callous and apathetic as the unmeasureable weight of woe is calcu- 
 lated to render my feelings, and much as these feelings, while their 
 sensibility remains, might be exercised selfishly upon my own calam- 
 ities, yet I found this morning, and I rejoiced in the discovery, that 
 my nature can be moved, and my indurate feelings of sympathy 
 awakened by the afflictions of my friends. Some indisposition, ex- 
 treme debility, and an unusual depression of spirits hare made me 
 for the last week the guest of a young relative and friend of this vil- 
 lage, who was raised in your city, and from some unknown cause I 
 was daily impressing upon him the peculiar nature and the almost 
 unexampled strength of my attachment to thy late amiable and 
 worthy consort. I told him that we loved each other in our youth, 
 and that our affection was strongly corroborated by his memorable 
 visit to my little family in Cincinnati. My Mary ranked him highest 
 in the list of my Eastern friends, and always spoke of him in the most 
 affectionate terms. Judge then of my emotions when transiently pe- 
 rusing the newspaper I met the annunciation of his death. 
 
 "His innocent, useful, and charitable life, and his smooth and 
 happy passage to a world of spirits and 'the world of bliss,' first 
 filled my imagination ; but a melancholy train of memories, a be- 
 reaved and disconsolate widow, a. helpless family of orphans, and a 
 weeping circle of friends succeeded, awakened all the tender emotions 
 of my earlier years, and moistened those eyes, (to) which the sullen- 
 ness of grief has recently refused that consoling tribute. May thy 
 fortitude, oh my afflicted and mourning friend, he strengthened by 
 the Guardian who watched over your conjugal felicity, and who will 
 keep a charitable register of thy widowed woes. And may I never 
 more murmur at my afflicted destiny while the cords of my connubial 
 love are unbroken, and the wife of my choice, the consort of my life, 
 remains. But let us under the mantle of grief, no less than in the 
 sunshine of joy, render Him the tribute of gratitude in the room of 
 disaffection, and praise in the room of complaint. 
 
 "Thy sincere and sympathetic friend, 
 
 "Jesse Embree." 
 
 This is the last letter from Jesse Embree that I have 
 seen. He was commanding the steamboat the brothers 
 owned, and which he was commanding at the time of his 
 death, and which Davis commanded in 10th month, 1823, 
 when he obtained the information of his last hours from 
 M. C. Comstock, of whom Davis wrote, " We all owe him 
 the greatest debt of gratitude for leaving his business and 
 going on shore in the wilderness country to wait upon him, 
 which he did, never leaving his bedside till his death." 
 This is Mr. Comstock's statement : 
 
 "Arkansas Tekritory, Phillips Codntt, Walnut Bend. 
 "Arrived here on the 6th of August, 182.3, at 10 o'clock p.m., in 
 the Steam Boat ' Cincinnati,' went on shore with Captain Embree, who 
 was dangerously ill with a remittent fever, and took lodgings at the 
 house of Willi.im Dunn, Esquire, where I waited on Captain Embree 
 during his sickness, which terminated on the 9th instant, at 4 p.m., 
 and on the following day at 12 meridian (Sabbath) buried him in a 
 Christian like manner. Of Captain Jesse Embree it might truly be 
 said, he did hide the faults he saw in others, and always felt another's 
 
 M. C. C." 
 
 This is a terse and telling eulogy, which no tombstone 
 recorded ; but, better, it will go on a page in the « History of 
 Chester County," whose people he ever loved, the imagery 
 of whose beautiful scenery faded not from his mind while 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 535 
 
 he lived. His poetic sensibilities there had their birth, but 
 the fruits of his poetic culture have disappeared. 
 
 Daniel took the parental homestead and malt-house and 
 carried on his father's business ; but working on the ebb- 
 ing tide of the inflated currency towards a specie basis, 
 while debts must be paid at their face amount, he came to 
 insolvency. He removed to Washington, D. C, and after 
 a time to Dayton, Ohio, where he left children and grand- 
 children. 
 
 Elisha took the degree of Doctor of Medicine, went West 
 and Southwest, married and had a son ; was in the drnc 
 business, and failing to have success, entered the quiet 
 community of Shaking Quakers, in Indiana, where he and 
 his son carried their intelligence and received the requital 
 of a livelihood. There we see in our country the extreme 
 of celibacy, that, if general, would bring the race to an 
 end ; while in Utah we have the other extreme, where the 
 sanctity of the Christian family of one wife and one mother 
 is lost, and the race suffers deterioration. 
 
 Anna married Eli K. Price. She died 6th mo. 4, 
 1862, leaving to survive a son, John Sergeant Price, and a 
 daughter, Sibyl, married to Rev. Starr H. Nichols, and 
 four grandchildren. Her husband has paid his tribute of 
 affection to her memory in the memoir of their beloved 
 daughter Rebecca, privately printed in 1"862. 
 
 William died 1st mo. 23, 1865. He, as had his brothers, 
 had a hard struggle with life. He was a brewer, maltster, 
 and store-keeper. He founded Embreeville ; took an active 
 part in the meetings of Friends ; was clerk in them ; as a 
 youug man was their agent among the Indians under their 
 care. He was treasurer of Chester County ; came to live 
 at West Chester, and there died, leaving a son, Norris, 
 and daughter, Rebecca, and grand and great-grandchildren. 
 The daughter married James House, who came to live at 
 West Chester, and there died, after having been miller and 
 farmer on the Pocopson, and a useful member in civil and 
 religious society ; a man of intelligence, right feelifigs, and 
 excellent judgment. William Embree's greatest loss came 
 by the failure of his principal customer for malted barley. 
 
 Hannah Embree was a teacher of children in country 
 schools, and during many of her later years in West Chester. 
 She had a love for the occupation, and the children loved 
 their teacher. Many worthy citizens, of various ages, re- 
 member with afliection her cheerful and useful teachings 
 and good life. 
 
 Davis Embree was a brewer in Cincinnati at the begin- 
 ning of 1814, when his brother Jesse joined him. Their 
 affairs were connected from that time to the death of the 
 latter, with what result and from what cause we have seen. 
 In the latter period of their partnership they owned for 
 several years a steamboat, which at first Jesse commanded, 
 but afterwards Davis was her commander, and thereby 
 became familiar with steam navigation on the Mississippi 
 and Ohio Rivers. Explosions of boilers, running into 
 sawyers or snags and upon shifting shoals, and racing of 
 boats were so common as to make the navigation of those 
 rivers the most dangerous that could be made. The public 
 were treated to pictures of those explosions in a way that 
 was horribly amusing. The vessel and its varied cargo 
 were blown up, the fragments flying in all directions, with 
 
 human bodies in all states of mutilation and disjointed 
 parts rising and falling in the air, with a few left entire to 
 complete the joke by implying such familiarity with the 
 practice as to coolly salute each other in the air. Davis 
 well understood the causes of these perils an.d the best 
 remedies to be applied. By one of these the " Cincinnati" 
 was wrecked, some time before May, 1825, when I was in 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 Davis Embree was the most efficient advocate for an act 
 of Congress to repress the dangers of all steam navigation. 
 To this he devoted several years of his time and the ener- 
 gies of an intelligent and vigorous mind. The act of Con- 
 gress of 30th August, 1852, was the result, and is the 
 basis of the system of inspection and supervision of steam- 
 boats and their boilers, with supply of life-preservers, in 
 force to the present time. It was due to him and his 
 fitness and skill that he should receive the appointment of 
 inspector for the Mississippi River district, and he con- 
 tinued to hold office under the act with general approval 
 for some years ; but his independent Ulster blood was too 
 much for his safety. He would not for office concede his 
 freedom of speech, and a successor of other party politics 
 was appointed to his place under the administration of Mr. 
 Buchanan. 
 
 Though there are many disasters ytt occurring, by reason 
 of the neglect of duty by officials, owners, and captains, the 
 savings under the act, if they could be counted, would be 
 of lives numbered in thousands, and of property numbered 
 in millions, in the past and through all future times. 
 Seldom, indeed, has one man exercised so much power for 
 good as this son of Chester County. 
 
 Sibbilla was the veteran teacher of the family. From the 
 small home school-house she went to the palatial one of 
 Westtown to teach in 1813, and, as every good teacher 
 is, was there further self-taught, as well as taught by others. 
 There she remained some years. Her sister Anna, after 
 some years spent in teaching in Wilmington, joined Sibbilla 
 in teaching in Philadelphia. Id the three places they 
 moved under the benign auspices and protective care of 
 Friends, as Jesse did in New Jersey and in Baltimore. 
 This is an advantage that is of inestimable value to those 
 who leave the parental roof to procure a livelihood. At 
 the same time it afforded to these young women a most 
 intelligent and agreeable social circle. Here they were 
 employed together for several years. When Philip Price 
 established his boarding-school for girls, soon after 1830, 
 Sibbilla went to her uncle as a teacher, and remained with 
 him until his death in 1837, and afterwards with his 
 daughter, Hannah P. Davis, until she sold the school 
 building in 1852. She extended her studies into the 
 French language, drawing, and natural history. 
 
 Rebecca went, in 1816, to live with Sally Norris Dick- 
 inson, daughter of Governor John Dickinson, author of 
 the " Farmer's Letters" before, and president of the Su- 
 preme Executive Council after, the Revolution, and lived in 
 close friendship with her until her death, a period of 
 more than forty years. There she read with her history, 
 travels, biography, and general literature. The opportuni- 
 ties for improvement there afforded her were most ample 
 and made available. In that attractive and plain but 
 
536 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 elegant home she met socially many members of the 
 Society of Friends and others, women and men of superior 
 culture and intelligence, and of high moral and religious 
 excellence. This society was very refining to Rebecca, and 
 her previous training and her kindred qualities made her 
 fully susceptible to the influences that surrounded her. 
 No better example of the dignity and refinement of a per- 
 fect lady could be seen than was Sally Norris Dickinson. 
 
 It may here be truly said of all the daughters of James 
 Embree that they were cultivated and refined ladies ; of 
 all his sons that they were gentlemen in the sense of the 
 better qualities of a true gentleman, though generally they 
 were as plain in dress and address as required by the 
 strictest observance of the rules of Friends' discipline. 
 
 There is something to be observed of the children of 
 James and Rebecca Embree that was distinctive. They 
 were of nervous constitution, and sanguine temperament 
 as well, with little of the ballast of the phlegmatic. While 
 the sanguine made them hopeful and enterprising, ' the 
 nervous left them depressed when exhausted or disappointed. 
 They had a quick perception of the humorous, witty, and 
 ridiculous that readily caused cheerfulness and laughter 
 and made them brightly social ; but this vivacity again was 
 met by the seriousness of a profound religious feeling, so 
 that the alternations were plainly visible and often of quick 
 recurrence. The blood of the persecuted French Hugue- 
 not and of the Ulster Irish ancestor were both manifest. 
 
 Am I here asked why I thus commemorate persons 
 who had so little success in life, for never one of them 
 grew rich? There are some things in life better to be done 
 than the getting of riches, which has frequently a harden- 
 ing tendency. The life of every daughter, so long as she 
 lived, she lived independently and happily, and died leaving 
 more loving and beloved friends than is commonly the lot 
 of women. The failures of sons to grow rich was from 
 overruling causes, but without reproach, and their lives 
 convey lessons valuable as cautions to others ; and some of 
 them were wise enough not to covet or strive for wealth. 
 They all, sons and daughters, of both mothers, had an af- 
 fection for each other more than is common ; that never 
 failed, and made them helpful of each other according to 
 ability. Rebecca, by the liberality of her devoutly-beloved 
 and ever-lamented friend, Sally Norris Dickinson, was en- 
 abled during life and at death to be helpful to her nearest 
 relatives, whose tender and affectionate care and attentions 
 she perfectly enjoyed. The conclusion is that James Em- 
 bree and Phebe and Rebecca, his wives, while they lived, 
 and through their children after them, were benefactors of 
 society, and the world will long be the better because they 
 had lived. 
 
 Have I seemed to occupy more than a due share of space 
 in this local history with the sketches of the lives of Philip 
 and Rachel Price, and of James and Rebecca Embree ? In 
 writing them I have had this feeling : that my memory reaches 
 further into the past than any who will write for this Chester 
 County volume. I look back to a period when Friends 
 there constituted a larger proportion of the community 
 than now, and exercised a greater relative influence than 
 now for the general good. Other religious persuasions now 
 more abound, and with increase of religious earnestness. 
 
 We yet look upon many Friends there true in faith and 
 practice, and such as I knew them in my youth; yet I 
 have not been able to divest my mind of the feeling that 
 " the society" is slowly waning, and the thought fills me 
 with sorrow that in time it will verge to extinction there, 
 where their good work and exam pie have been conspicuously 
 beneficent. In this possible event it has seemed good that 
 our local history should- carry into future time the true 
 conception of what we have seen and known to be true. 
 It is a precious part of the good history of our humanity, so 
 sparse in this world. And in contemplating a possible 
 future so sad I have this assured satisfaction : that besides 
 the works of humanity they have done, — works great in- 
 deed compared with their relatively small numbers, — they 
 have leavened the world with a leaven that will leaven it 
 through indefinite time ; have made its Christianity more 
 spiritual and real ; the inspirations of the Holy Spirit more 
 assured among men ; made mankind more humane ; borne 
 testimonies of righteousness that the world can never for- 
 get ; given to it conceptions of divine truth that must at 
 once stand the test of the most enlightened understanding 
 and the divinest teachings of the Gospel. 
 
 The history of the Friends for over two hundred years, 
 while it awfully refiects upon a persecuting and wicked 
 world, is that which the good of mankind will in all the 
 future look back upon with the highest approbation. They 
 bore their persecutions heroically, they endured and died 
 in the spirit of martyrs, but they never retaliated by in- 
 jury for injury ; yet they owed it to humanity and to God 
 to bear their testimony against all wrong, and to cry aloud 
 against all oppression and iniquity, and this they did as 
 fearlessly as they suffered bravely. Though seeming so 
 serious a people, so unromantic to the young and worldly, 
 their history is truly the brightest and most beautiful, in 
 contrast with which the records of chivalry and the Cru- 
 sades fade into folly and wickedness. It is but the light 
 of the good and the true that will be seen across the dark- 
 ness of the centuries. 
 
 EMLEN, George, of Philadelphia, vintner, and Han- 
 nah Garrett, of the same place, daughter of William Gar- 
 rett, of Chester County, were married 4, 5, 1694, and had 
 the following children : 1. George, b. 5, 1, 1695 ; m. 
 Mary, daughter of Robert and Susanna Heath, in 1716. 
 
 2. Samuel, b. 2, 15, 1697 ; m. Rachel Hudson, 10, 2, 1731. 
 
 3. Caleb, b. 4, 9, 1699. 4. Joshua, b. 2, 14, 1701. 5. 
 Hannah, b. 12, 3, 1703^. 6. Ann, b. 3, 19, 1705 ; m. 
 William Miller, of New Garden, Chester Co. 7. Mary, b. 
 11, 1, 1707-8; ni. John Armitt. 8. Sarah, b. 1, 19, 
 1709-10; d. 8, 2, 1752; m. 3, 25, 1738, James Cresson. 
 
 Hannah Emlen, widow of George, married William Tid- 
 marsh, of Chester, in 1716. 
 
 George and Mary Emlen had children, — George, b. 6, 
 21, 1718; Hannah, b. 4, 1, 1722; and Joseph, b. 5, 1, 
 1728. Joseph died young, Hannah married William 
 Logan, and George married Ann Reckless, daughter of 
 Joseph and Margaret, «of New Jersey. 
 
 Their children were George, b. 2, 25, 1741 ; Caleb, b. 
 9, 15, 1744 ; Mary, b. 10, 19, 1746 ; Joseph, b. 10, 28, 
 1748; Margaret, b. 2, 15, 1750; Anne, b. 4, 30, 1755 ; 
 Samuel, b. 8, 28, 1756 ; James, b. 6, 26, 1760. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 537 
 
 Of these, Samuel was remarkable both for learning and 
 piety. As a minister he seemed to have a wonderful insight 
 of the spiritual condition of his hearers. -James Eralen, his 
 brother, was well educated, and it was designed that he 
 should travel in Europe for his further accomplishment, 
 but he declined the proposal and retired to the country, 
 where he sojourned a considerable time with his relative, 
 Hannah, widow of William Miller, of New Garden, after- 
 wards wife of Jacob Lindley. He assumed the manage- 
 ment of her mill without an assistant and declined com- 
 pensation, stipulating only that he might grind for some of 
 the poorer customers without taking toll. In this, how- 
 ever, he was careful not to let the left hand know what the 
 right hand did. 
 
 In 1782 he removed to Middletown township, and was 
 married, 4, 23, 1783, at Concord Meeting, to Phebe 
 Peirce, daughter of Caleb and Ann, of Thornbury. The 
 next year he purchased from Joseph Talbot 102 acres of 
 land, together with a grist-mill and 29 acres adjoining in 
 1785. His wife, born 11, 11, 1758, died with the yellow 
 fever 10, 25, 1793, and he died from the same epidemic 
 10, 3, 1798. While he lived here he was an elder in the 
 meeting, and very serviceable as clerk, recorder, etc. 
 
 The children of James and Phebe Emlen were as fol- 
 lows : Anne, b. 6, 9, 1784, m. Judge Walter Franklin, of 
 Lancaster; Joshua, b. 12, 22, 1785, m. Abby Smith, of 
 Philadelphia ; Mary, b. 8, 13, 1787, m. George Newbold, 
 of New York ; Samuel (M.D.), b. 3, 6, 1789, m. Beulah 
 Valentine, of Philadelphia; Phebe, b. 8, 30, 1790; 
 James, b. 6, 17, 1792. 
 
 This youngest child became the owner of the property, 
 by releases from the other heirs, in 1818, and sold the mill 
 and 100 acres to Nathan Tearsley in 1823. Upon the 
 remaining tract was a house, built in 1794, for the miller, 
 to which he made additions for school purposes. This is 
 now owned by Samuel Markley. On the property and by 
 the road leading to Middletown Meeting is a frame tenant- 
 house, in part of which it is said that James Emlen taught 
 school at one time, and to which an addition was made to 
 accommodate the meeting for a time after the division in 
 the society, until the new stone structure was erected. 
 
 He was married 1, 11, 1816, to Sarah F., daughter of 
 Cadwallader and Phebe Foulke, of Ohio Co., Va., she 
 being then a teacher at Westtown Boarding-School. In 
 1835 he became a teacher at this institution, and resided 
 with his family on the property for about thirteen years. 
 Removing thence to West Chester, his wife died 7, 27, 
 1849. She was a minister, and paid religious visits to 
 distant parts, including Great Britain. James was a highly- 
 esteemed elder in the meeting, but of quiet and unobtru- 
 sive deportment. He died 10, 23, 1866. His children 
 were James, who died young, Mary, Phebe, Sarah C, 
 Anne, Susan, and Samuel, the last being now a resident of 
 Germantown. 
 
 The following sketch of his brother, Samuel Emlen, is 
 taken from a memoir prepared by his friend. Dr. Charles 
 D. Meigs: 
 
 Db. Samuel Emlen was born in Chester County, March 
 6 1789. As springing from one of the oldest and most 
 respectable families of the Society of Friends, he received, 
 68 
 
 of course, in his early education, all the advantages which 
 their strict example and sedulous inculcation of good morals 
 could bestow. His education was chiefly English, but, as 
 it was carefully superintended, he laid in it a solid founda- 
 tion of knowledge on which he afterwards erected a con- 
 siderable structure of various and available information. 
 Dr. Emlen's acquirements were more solid than specious, 
 and produced in him those excellent fruits which have 
 caused his death to be so much regretted. 
 
 In the year 1808, having resolved to devote himself to 
 the profession of medicine, he placed himself, as a house- 
 pupil, with Dr. Parrish, of Philadelphia, and under his 
 roof, and with his example constantly before him, made 
 rapid progress in his studies, to which, by the testimony of 
 his teacher, he absolutely devoted himself Under the roof 
 of Dr. Parrish, as a member of his family. Dr. Emlen 
 passed four years, during which, having attended the lec- 
 tures delivered in the university by Profs. Rush, Wistar, 
 Barton, Physick, James, and Coxe, he graduated M.D., 
 and in June, 1812, embarked at New York for England. 
 
 Arrived at Loudon in July, he placed himself in the vi- 
 cinity of one of the great hospitals, where he sedulously 
 endeavored to acquire the greatest amount of practical and 
 surgical knowledge. Attendance on hospital practice, or lec- 
 tures by the celebrated individuals whose reputation had 
 attracted him thither, conversation with celebrated men, to 
 the houses of many of whom he had free and familiar ac- 
 cess, and visits to objects which interest the man of science 
 or the philanthropist, kept his mind on the stretch ; and he 
 accumulated a large stock of information, of which he 
 noted down the heads in his journal, a perusal of which 
 affords satisfactory evidence of the diligence with which he 
 employed himself even at that period. The declaration of 
 war by the United States against Great Britain, which 
 reached London soon after his arrival, placed no obstacles 
 in the way of his studies while in the metropolis. The 
 detention it occasioned him gave him an opportunity, how- 
 ever, of making an extensive tour through England, Ire- 
 land, and Scotland, the history of which is detailed with 
 considerable na'iveU in his journal. At length the obstacles 
 to his visit to Paris were removed, and, after a residence of 
 fourteen months in the island, he reached that city about 
 the time of the emperor's return from Leipzic. His stay 
 in London, and his frequent access to the society of the 
 most eminent physicians, surgeons, and lecturers, had in- 
 creased his stock of knowledge, while the elegant society 
 in which he moved, although it never abolished the gravity 
 of his carriage or the serious and sententious style cf his 
 conversation, imparted, nevertheless, to his manners that 
 urbane cast which is far more estimable and trustworthy 
 than the false and heartless elegance of more fashionable 
 intercourse. They were marked by the gentleness, self- 
 possession, and confidence which belong to the gentleman. 
 In Paris, though daily attracted by the extraordinary events 
 of that eventful period of history. Dr. Emlen continued 
 to attend mainly to the objects of his visit. The battles 
 fought in the vicinity filled the hospitals with soldiers 
 suffering every species of military accidents, which he care- 
 fully studied. After the surrender of the French capital 
 he returned to London in June, from whence he pro- 
 
538 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ceeded to Holland, and came home in the corvette " John 
 Adams," as bearer of dispatches for the government, after 
 an absence of nearly two years and a half. Soon after his 
 arrival he commenced the practice of physic, and was elected 
 one of the physicians of the Philadelphia Dispensary, an 
 excellent school of practice, through vehich most of the 
 eminent practitioners here have passed. In 1819 -he re- 
 signed this station in consequence of increasing occupations, 
 soon after which he was elected to be one of the managers, 
 and finally, after the death of his revered friend. Dr. Grif- 
 fiths, became secretary to that charity. During the year 
 1819, when the yellow fever prevailed along the water 
 margin of Philadelphia, he was secretary of the Board of 
 Health, and made those observations of which the fruit is 
 to be found in his valuable paper on yellow fever. 
 
 As a member of the Board of the Guardians of the Poor, 
 as physician to the Magdalen Asylum, the Orphan Asylum, 
 and the Friends' Asylum for the Insane, he established 
 broadly and deeply the foundations of a reputation which 
 tended daily to raise him in the public esteem. He suc- 
 ceeded Dr. Griffiths as secretary to the College of Physi- 
 cians, and to his zeal is undoubtedly owing much of the re- 
 newed activity and efficiency which mark the present cour.se 
 of that institution. In 1825 he was elected one of the 
 physicians to the Pennsylvania Hospital, an office to which 
 he was annually re-elected, — a sufficient proof of the as- 
 siduity and ability with which he discharged the functions 
 of that honorable and responsible situation. This excellent 
 man sat not down contented with the discharge of merely 
 his professional duties. He had acquired very solemn im- 
 pressions of the magnitude of the evils which the vice of 
 drunkenness has brought on the country, and few persons, 
 although much attention had been given to it by some 
 of the foremost men of the time, had accumulated more of 
 the statistic knowledge on the point than himself. In the 
 organization of the " Pennsylvania Society for Discouraging 
 the Use of Ardent Spirits,'' as well as in its administration as 
 manager, he took a very active and discreet part. Dr. Em- 
 len's private business occupied a very large share of his 
 time. It had augmented rapidly during the last few years 
 of his life, so that, with his public and private afiairs, he 
 had little leisure for visits of ceremony, or for any waste of 
 that time which, in his eyes, was so valuable. 
 
 In 1819 he married Beulah Valentine, like himself a 
 member of the Friends' society. In the tender relations 
 which this union produced he found the purest sources of 
 happiness. To his children he bore an aifection that might 
 be called passionate, and the fire of parental love glowed in 
 his breast with redoubled intenseness, perhaps because of 
 the habitual restraint under which he was accustomed to 
 hold his passions. How lamentable must have seemed the 
 stroke which divided him in this world from that care and 
 watchfulness over his children which appeared to be, for 
 him, the best part of existence ! Nevertheless, in com- 
 mitting his family, as he did on his death-bed, to the provi- 
 dential care of his Maker, he seemed to have acquired a 
 calmness and submission that permitted no murmurin" 
 word to escape his lips, nor allowed of one sign of impa- 
 tience or willfulness to express his unwillingness to meet 
 that fate for which he was prepared by a blameless life. 
 
 He was daily rising in solid reputation and in the general 
 estimation of his fellow-citizens, when he fell a victim to an 
 attack of remittent fever, on April 17, 1828, in the thirty- 
 ninth year of his age. 
 
 ENGLAND, Joseph, son of John and Love England, 
 was born at Burton-upon-Trent, in Staffordshire, England, 
 7, 2, 1680. His profession was that of a millwright. 
 Having charge of the Water-works at London Bridge, in 
 Deal, he, in 1705, obtained from Prince George, of Den- 
 mark, a protection against impressment. He is described 
 therein as a " tall, slender man, with dark brown hair, and 
 fresh coloured." 
 
 About the year 1710 he married Margaret Orbell, 
 daughter of Samuel and Joanna Orbell, of Deal, in Kent, 
 where he remained a few years, and went thence to his 
 native place. In 1723 they came to Pennsylvania and set- 
 tled at Nottingham. Joseph spent most of his time for 
 the next four years at iron-works some distance from his 
 family. In 1730 he became a minister among Friends, 
 and died 10, 23, 1748, his latter residence being in New 
 Castle County. His wife was born 6, 3, 1685, at Deal, 
 and died 2, 7, 1741 ; both buried at the " Brick" Meeting. 
 Their children were as follows: 1. John, b. 7, 19, 1737; 
 d. 8, 8, 1748 ; m. about 1736, Elizabeth , who after- 
 wards became the wife of Joshua Johnson, of New Garden. 
 2. Samuel, b. 4, 18, 1717; d. 7, 27, 1791; m. 9, 11, 
 1740, Sarah Slater, and had several children. 3. Joanna, 
 b. 7, 29, 1721 ; m. John Townsend, of East Bradford. 
 
 4. Joseph, b. 9, 2, 1723, at Springfield, in Nottingham. 
 
 5. Lydia, b. 12, 24, 1730-1 ; d. 1, 24, 1733-4. 
 William England, of Willistown, married Sarah 
 
 Pennock, and died leaving a son, William. His widow 
 married, 12, 7, 1749, Amos Boake, and they settled in 
 Cain. William England, Jr., married, 1, 16, 1771, Susanna 
 Hall, of Willistown, and removed to West Bradford, at or 
 near Marshallton, where he had a smith-shop. Their chil- 
 dren were Mary, b. 12,3, 1771, d. 12, 17, 1771; Sarah, 
 b. 3, 2, 1773, d. 10, 23, 1773 ; Thomas, b. 11, 17, 1774, 
 m. 2, 24, 1803, Mary Clemson ; William, b. 8, 31, 1776; 
 David, b. 6, 22, 1778. 
 
 Susanna, the mother, died 7, 29, 1778, and William 
 married second, 5, 22, 1783, Hannah Wood, who died 11, 
 2, 1822, at the supposed age of ninety-one. William died 
 10, 19, 1813, aged seventy-two. 
 
 The children of Thomas and Mary were Hannah, Emily, 
 Lewis, James, Rachel, Lindley M., William, Thomas, Mary 
 Ann, and Sidney. 
 
 EVANS, of London Britain. — An old manuscript in 
 possession of this family says that John Evans, a native of 
 Wales, landed in Philadelphia with a family of seven per- 
 sons, — viz. : his father, mother, wife, daughter, brother, and 
 sister, — and after a short sojourn with the Welsh on the west 
 side of the Schuylkill, he purchased 200 acres in the Welsh 
 Tract, New Castle County, to which he removed in 1696. 
 His brother being a carpenter was of much assistance to 
 him in making improvements. His daughter died soon 
 after the settlement was made, but a son, John, was born in 
 1700, who in course of time married a neighbor's daughter, 
 and in turn had a son, John. The wife and son died, how- 
 ever, soon after. Before this time the first-named John 
 
BIOGEAPHIOAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 539 
 
 bought 400 acres of land on White Clay Creek, whereon 
 he erected a mill as early as 1715. In 1718, Reynold 
 Howell, a native of Wales, arrived in Philadelphia with his 
 family of six children,_Jane, Lewis, Mary, George, Mar- 
 garet, and William,— and the next year settled on a farm 
 near the river, below the mouth of Christina Creek. This 
 place proving unhealthy, he was induced to remove to the 
 Welsh Tract, where he purchased a farm joining the present 
 town of Newark. John Evans, Jr., married Jane Howell, 
 the eldest daughter, and settled at the mill in London 
 Britain in 1722. He died April 14, 1738, and his father, 
 now "being ancient," about the year 1740. In 1734, 
 John Evans, Jr., purchased from John Evans, Esq., of 
 Denbigh, in Wales, 1000 acres in what was then New 
 Garden township, and adjoining the tract whereon he was 
 settled. This was doubtless the reason that part of New 
 Garden was afterwards joined to London Britain. John 
 Evans, of Denbigh, had bought from William Penn, Jr., 
 all the unsold land in New Garden, and we suspect he was 
 the former Governor of Pennsylvania, with whom the 
 younger Penn was known to be intimate. 
 
 By his will John Evans, Jr., gave to his son John the 
 homestead of 500 acres and the grist-mill thereon. To 
 his son Evan he gave 400 acres, part of the 1000, with 
 fulling-mills, tenter-yards, etc., and to his sons George and 
 Peter the remaining 600 acres. 
 
 The children of John and Jane Evans were, — 1. Mary, 
 b. 1724 ; m. Evan Rice ; d. Jan. 20, 1752. 2. Lydia, b. 
 1726. 3. John, b. 1728. 4. Evan, b. 1732 ; d. Oct. 22, 
 1794. 5. George, b. 1734. 6. Peter, b. 1736. 
 
 John Evans (3) was appointed by the Supreme Exec- 
 utive Council " Third Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
 Commonwealth," Aug. 16, 1777, and in October, 1783, 
 he and Anthony Wayne were elected to the Council of 
 Censors. His death occurred prior to Dec. 9, 1783, and 
 on Feb. 26, 1784, Jacob Rush was appointed judge in his 
 stead. James Moore succeeded him as censor, Dec. 13, 
 1783. March 3, 1784, "An order was drawn on the 
 Treasurer in favor of the executors of John Evans, Esquire, 
 deceased, for twenty-six pounds, five pounds specie, in 
 full for his wages as a member of the Council of Censors, 
 to be paid according to resolution of Assembly of the 
 twenty-fourth of November, 1783." 
 
 Judge Evans married Mary, daughter of Rees and Rachel 
 Jones, and had children, who all died before him except 
 Mary, and she did not survive him many years. His lands, 
 719 acres, in London Britain descended to his brothers, 
 Evan, George, and Peter. His daughter Mary also inher- 
 ited 467 acres in Pencader and White Clay Creek Hun- 
 dreds, which she devised to her uncles. 
 
 Evan Evans married Margaret, daughter of William 
 Nivin, and had ten children. He took an active part in 
 the Revolution, and was a justice of the peace. 
 
 George Evans joined the army in Philadelphia as sur- 
 geon, and was bayoneted through the body near New York, 
 in a surprise attack by night, and taken prisoner. In 1789 
 he was living in Pencader Hundred, but afterwards went 
 South, where one of his daughters became the wife of Gov- 
 ernor Miller, of North Carolina. 
 
 Peter Evans married Rachel Evans, a native of Wales, 
 
 and settled for a time in Montgomery County, where he 
 practiced medicine. He had children,— John, Lydia, Peter, 
 David, Septimus, born Feb. 1, 1771, and Sarah. Septimus 
 Evans was twice married, and by the first wife, Mary Mor- 
 gan, had a daughter, Matilda, who married Dr. Andrews 
 Murphy. By the second wife, Ann Whitting, he had a 
 daughter, Sarah Ann, who married the late David B. Nivin, 
 of London Britain, and their children were Anna M., Sep- 
 timus E., Ella M., Myra B., Clara T. (deceased), and J. 
 Wilkin Nivin. They held a part of the land purchased by 
 John Evans in 1734, which is now in possession of Septi- 
 mus E. Nivin. 
 
 Evan and Margaret Evans had a son Samuel, b. July 14, 
 1758, who was an ensign in the Revolution, member of 
 Assembly, and was commissioned associate judge in 1793, 
 but owing to his removal to Lancaster County in that year 
 he resigned the office. He married Fanny, youngest 
 daughter of Col. Alexander Lowrey, of Donegal, and left 
 several children. His son Alexander, born March 22, 
 1799, was the father of Samuel Evans, Esq., of Columbia, 
 a gentleman much interested in the history of Lancaster 
 County. 
 
 Jane, daughter of Evan and Margaret Evans, married 
 Thomas Henderson, Esq., of New London. 
 
 Evan Evans, of the parish of Treeglws, in Mont- 
 gomeryshire, Wales, came to this country in 1722, and on 
 November 17th of that year purchased 250 acres of land 
 adjoining Uwchlan Friends' meeting-house. In the deed 
 he is styled " feltmaker." His parents, whose names have 
 not been ascertained, were said to be living at the time of 
 his death, in 1731. His widow, Margaret, married Charles 
 Gatlive, of Uwchlan, July 21, 1735. 
 
 The children of Evan and Margaret were, — 1. Martha, 
 who m. Stephen Hoopes ; 2. Mary, m. to William Clay- 
 ton and Isaac Marshall ; 3. Margaret, m. to John Tod- 
 hunter ; 4. Evan, unmarried ; 5. Susanna, m. to Isaac Ser- 
 rill and Robert Carter ; 6. Thomas ; 7. Ann ; 8. Edward ; 
 and 9. Richard. Ann and Edward probably died young. 
 Evan, Jr., took the real estate after he became of age, but 
 dying in 1748, he bequeathed all except forty acres to his 
 brother Thomas, and the remainder to Richard. 
 
 Thomas Evans married, Aug. 17, 1748, Eleanor, daugh- 
 ter of James Reese, of Uwchlan, and remained on the 
 homestead until his death, about the year 1807. Richard 
 Evans married Phebe, daughter of Dennis Whelen, about 
 1763, and probably through her influence became a mem- 
 ber of Uwchlan Meeting, 12, 4, 1777, together with their 
 children, Thomas, Sarah, Margaret, Mary, and Catharine. 
 They removed to Hopewell, Va. 
 
 The children of Thomas and Eleanor Evans were Evan, 
 Ezekiel, Jesse, Isaac, Thomas, and Eleanor. The latter 
 married Henry Lewis, of Uwchlan. Jesse was the father 
 of Thomas, born 1778, who was the father of Rev. Joseph 
 S. Evans, now of West Chester. Jesse died near Pitts- 
 burgh in 1839, and his son Thomas at Lionville, March 31, 
 1838. Jesse Bateman Evans, son of the latter, born in 
 West Chester, March 17, 1808, died at Helena, Montana, 
 March 14, 1868. His son, Jonathan H. Evans, of Platte- 
 ville. Wis., is now or late president of the Board of Regents 
 of the Wisconsin State Normal Schools. 
 
540 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Evan Evans, son of Thomas and Eleanor, born September, 
 1749, married, Feb. 16, 1780, to Jane Owen, daughter of 
 William and Rebecca Owen, of Uwchlan, born March 19, 
 1762, died Aug. 5, 1841. He was twice a member of 
 Assembly, and died July 16, 1823. Issue. — 1. Rebecca, 
 
 m. to John. 2. Owen, with a family, went to Illinois. 
 
 3. Elinor, died young. 4. Thomas, died 1823, leaving son, 
 Boon. 5. Sarah, m. to William Dunwoody. 6. Ezekiel, b. 
 6, 24, 1791 ; d. 5, 29, 1870 ; was a justice of the peace 
 for several years. 7. Margaret, m. to Benjamin Harley. 
 
 8. William, died young. 9. Richard, b. 6, 15, 1798; d. 
 
 9, 5, 1856. 10. Hannah, m. to David Beitler. 11. Jane, 
 m. to Lewis Hurford. 
 
 Ezekiel Evans and Eleanor Beitler were married about 
 the year 1818, and had children, — Thomas B., Hannah, 
 John B., Jane B., Mary Ann, Evan B., Lewis H., Re- 
 becca, J. Anna, and D. Webster. Of these, Lewis H. was 
 an officer in the late civil war, and was since elected to the 
 office of register of wills for this county. 
 
 Henrt S. Evans was born in Doylestown, Pa., April 
 1, 1813. His father died when Henry was quite young, 
 leaving a widow with eight small children to battle with the 
 world almost without means. At the early age of thirteen 
 Henry was apprenticed to Hon. Charles Miner, who then 
 published the Village Record at West Chester, to learn 
 the printing trade. Mr. Miner was one of the leading 
 public men of the State at that time, had served in Con- 
 gress, and was a most polished man, — a master calculated 
 to awaken all the ambition of the youthful Evans and fit 
 him for a public career. The life of an apprentice fifty 
 years ago was very different from that of to-day, and a boy 
 was expected to perform any task his master set. News- 
 paper publishers then delivered their papers to their country 
 subscribers, and three days in the week, winter and sum- 
 mer, found young Evans astride the saddle-bags " riding 
 post" over the county. Evenings found him poring over 
 books, and he soon began to contribute to the Record 
 articles which won the favorable criticism of so polished a 
 writer as Mr. Miner. Newspaper writing in those days 
 was modeled after the style of essays, hence we find the 
 ViUage Record fifty years ago quite different from the 
 newsy paper that it afterwards became under its whilom 
 apprentice. Young Evans' apprenticeship ended when he 
 was nineteen, and May 11, 1833, he started forth to battle 
 with the world with little money, but much courage. Six 
 pages of diary kept by him at that time give so well the 
 story of his experiences that we will quote his own words. 
 After some weeks spent in visiting his relatives, he says, — 
 
 " Went to Philadelphia and obtained work at Howe's tjpe-foundry, 
 and remained three weeks and three days, when the business of the 
 office began to fail. Being now obliged to ' stand' or change situa- 
 tion, I took the latter alternative, and took my passage for New York 
 at 6 A.M. Friday, June 22, 1833. Took my lodgings in New York at 
 Tammany Hall; the terms were $2 per week for a room and bed; 
 board of course was not included. The rain caused me to add a new 
 article of expense, —this was an umbrella, for which I paid $3.50, a 
 pretty heavy sum in these times. Having frequently felt the want of 
 such an article, I determined to avoid the inconvenience in the future; 
 but even these reflections were not sufficient, after I had purchased it 
 to reconcile my mind until I resorted to the old saying, I think of 
 Pope, that 'what is, is right;' this idea has more than once poured 
 comfort into my tortured mind. Business dull in New York. Called 
 
 at several printing-offices but found no work. Remained three days, 
 and resolved to return to Philadelphia. Found myself without money 
 to return ; steamboat fare was $3. Was obliged to sell my umbrella at 
 the place where I bought it. The merchant would only allow $2. 
 Heavy loss. No work in Philadelphia. Returned to West Chester ; 
 saw an advertisement in J'elegraph, Gormantown, for jour. Set off 
 on foot for that place; engaged it at $6 per week. Found employ- 
 ment five or six weeks with Mr. Freas. Despairing of journey-work, 
 issued a prospectus for Waynesturg Press, in Chester County. Set 
 out for Waynesburg on foot; made known my intentions to the 
 people, and went around and solicited subscribers. Obtained 500 and 
 started the Press.'' 
 
 The diary ends here never to be resumed, for the leisure 
 time of the writer was at an end. The new paper required 
 hard work, and the income was so small that often two 
 meals a day had to suffice the young publisher, because 
 there were no means to buy the third. In 1834, Mr. 
 Miner, who wished to retire from business, offered the Vil- 
 lage Record to Mr. Evans, which was gladly accepted, and 
 moving to West Chester, he assumed control. Under his 
 charge the paper grew in circulation and influence, until it 
 became an institution in the county, and the leading country 
 paper of the State. In political and public matters Mr. 
 Evans took an active and influential part, and soon was 
 recognized as a leader. In 1846 the Whigs elected him 
 to represent Chester County in the House of Representa- 
 tives of Pennsylvania, and re-elect€d him in 1847 and 
 1848. His abilities and energy soon made him one of the 
 leading members of the House, and he exerted much in- 
 fluence on legislation. In the session of 1849 he was the 
 Whig candidate for Speaker, the Democratic candidate 
 being William F. Packer, of Lycoming County, afterwards 
 Governor. The House was composed of 47 Whigs, 50 
 Democrats, and 3 " Native Americans." Mr. Evans polled 
 the solid Whig and " Native" vote for twenty-one ballots, 
 the result of each ballot being a tie. On the twenty-second 
 ballot the three " Natives" cast their ballots for Mr. Packer 
 and elected him. In 1851, Mr. Evans was elected State 
 Senator from the district composed of Chester and Dela- 
 ware Counties, and served with so much credit and satis- 
 faction that he was renominated by the Whigs of Chester 
 County at the expiration of his term, but apprehending 
 that unless the " claims" of Delaware County were yielded 
 to his party might lose the district, he withdrew. In 1854, 
 Mr. Evans was a prominent candidate for the Whig nom- 
 ination for Governor. Mr. Evans' name was withdrawn, 
 as it afterwards proved, unadvisedly, as the Philadelphia 
 delegation had resolved to cast its vote solidly for him on 
 the next ballot, which would have nominated him. Gov- 
 ernor Pollock selected Andrew G. Curtin, afterwards Gov- 
 ernor, as his Secretary of the Commonwealth, intimating 
 to Mr. Evans that if Mr. Curtin declined he should offer 
 him the place. While serving in the House and Senate, 
 Mr. Evans distinguished himself as a most painstaking, in- 
 dustrious member. He was a member of several of the 
 most important committees of both Houses, and was chair- 
 man of the House Committee on Printing and Education. 
 While in this latter position he originated and framed the 
 act that was passed by both Houses for the regulation of 
 common schools in Pennsylvania. In the legislation for 
 the sale of the public works he took a very prominent 
 part. At the close of his Senatorial term he resumed his 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 541 
 
 editorial work with his usual ardor, but his health, never 
 very robust, began to fail, and in 1869 he took a trip to 
 Europe. Returning much invigorated, he was again elected, 
 in 1870, to the State Senate, this time from the district 
 composed of Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery Counties. 
 Before his term was half over he was taken sick, and died 
 Feb. 9, 1872. 
 
 Henry S. Evans was one of those remarkable men who 
 are the products of American civilization. Like Horace 
 Greeley and other well-known men, he began life a poor 
 boy, gifted with only a slight public-school education, and 
 by his own efforts raised himself to a prominent place as a 
 journalist and as a public man. Like those gifted country- 
 men who had risen so high by their own exertions, he fell 
 a victim to the demon overwork, dying at an age when 
 English public men have hardly reached their prime. Re- 
 membering his own early struggles, Mr. Evans was ever 
 ready, to lend a helping hand to young people just starting 
 in life, and a tale of suffering or trouble was sure to attract 
 his sympathy and aid. As a citizen he took a prominent 
 part in every public enterprise, and was called to fill nu- 
 merous places of minor public trust: chief burgess of 
 West Chester in 1861, guardian, trustee, etc. The high 
 estimation in which he was held by the public made places 
 in his office much sought after by the best class of young 
 men, and he was very proud of his boys.* 
 
 In 1841, Mr. Evans married Jane, daughter of Dr. Wil- 
 liam Darlington, the celebrated botanist, by whom he had 
 seven children, five of whom survived him. His death 
 came like a sudden blow, and the high regard in which he 
 was held by his neighbors was attested by the universal ex- 
 pressions of sorrow at the news of his departure. No finger 
 of suspicion was ever pointed at any public act of his, and 
 his private life was equally without stain. 
 
 CoLtTMBUS Penn Evans, SOU of Septimus and Cath- 
 arine (Haupt) Evans, was born in Montgomery Co., Pa., 
 Sept. 6, 1824. His father was of the Celtic race of ancient 
 Britons, his mother of a respectable German family, and 
 his training, from boyhood, among the Anglo-Saxons of 
 Chester County. When about nine years old he lost his 
 father, and while in his eleventh year his widowed mother, 
 with several children, removed to West Chester, where, by 
 her maternal care and excellent management, she raised and 
 educated her younger children. At an early age Columbus 
 was apprenticed to his 'brother, Henry S. Evans, to learn 
 the printing business in the office of the Village Record, 
 where he had for his associates such hopeful specimens of 
 Young America as Bayard Taylor, Enos Prizer, of the 
 Bucka Comity Intelligencer; George W. Vernon, of the 
 Delaware Republican; Charles Cook, of the Danville 
 Democrat; Hiram Brower, of the Fairfax (Va.) News; 
 and Frederick B. Foster, of the Pittsburgh Chronicle. 
 
 In January, 1844, young Evans, then in his twentieth 
 year, aspired to the editorial position, and removed to Wil- 
 mington, Del., where, with his friend, G. W. Vernon, as 
 a partner, he took charge of the Republican newspaper. 
 After a residence of two or three years he was recognized 
 
 • See sketch of the Village Record, in the department of " Educa- 
 tional and Literary," in this work, for names of prominent men who 
 were connected with the ofi&oe. 
 
 as worthy to be grouped with the famous " Blue Hen's 
 Chickens" of the war of independence, and accordingly, 
 in the contest with Mexico, he was commissioned a second 
 lieutenant in the spring of 1847, was promoted to a first 
 lieutenantcy in February, 1848, and in the same year re- 
 ceived the brevet of captain, to rank from Aug. 20, 1847, 
 " for gallant and meritorious conduct in the battles of Con- 
 treras and Cherubusco." He served in the 11th Regiment 
 of U. S. Infantry, in Gen. Cadwallader's brigade. 
 
 At Molino Del Rey, where the Mexicans were defeated 
 by one-fourth their number of Americans, Lieut. Evans 
 was in the front rank. When the storming-party rushed in 
 to take possession of that dearly-earned position, where so 
 many of his comrades had fallen, he was the second man 
 to enter the work, and received the sword of a Mexican 
 officer. At Chapultepec he led his own and another com- 
 pany, and again received the commendation of his com- 
 mander. He also held the responsible position of quarter- 
 master of the regiment after the surrender of the city of 
 the Montezumas, and returned, in charge of his company, to 
 New York in August, 1848. 
 
 He quietly returned to his printing-office in Wilming- 
 ton, and resumed his editorial employments. 
 
 Capt. Evans, on Feb. 20, 1849, was presented by the 
 Legislature of his adopted State with a handsome sword, 
 accompanied by a letter from Governor Tharp, — honorable 
 testimonies of his services in the war with Mexico. 
 
 In 1851 he was elected mayor of the city of Wilmington ; 
 but in 1852 he declined a re-election, preferring the quiet 
 of private life to the annoyances of official station. 
 
 In the winter of 1853-54 he was attacked by pulmonary 
 consumption, and died at the residence of his sisters, in 
 West Chester, Feb. 19, 1854, in the thirtieth year of his 
 age. February 22d he was buried with military honors by 
 the National Guards of Chester County. His remains re- 
 pose in Oaklands Cemetery, near West Chester, where an 
 appropriate memorial, in the form of a pyramidal column, 
 has been erected by his devoted family. 
 
 Joshua Evans, Jr., is descended from William Evans, 
 who emigrated from Merionethshire, Wales, and pur- 
 chased, in 1719, a tract of five hundred acres in Tredyff- 
 rin township of this county. William's son, Joshua, was 
 born in the second week of January, 1732, and married 
 Mary Malin, born 2d mo. (April) 19, 1744. William, the 
 emigrant, was one of forty-two first cousins who came over 
 in the same ship and settled principally in the townships 
 of Limerick and Gwynedd, in Montgomery County. Joshua 
 Evans, Jr., son of Joshua and Mary (Malin) Evans, was 
 born Jan. 20, 1777, and married Lydia Davis, born Feb. 
 2, 1778. She was the daughter of Dr. John and Mary 
 (Evans) Davis.* Joshua Evans died April 25, 1817, and 
 his wife, Mary (Malin), in August, 1787. 
 
 * Dr. John Davis, a native of Tredyffrin township, received the 
 appointment of surgeon-in-ohief of the Pennsylvania battalions, or- 
 ganized in 1776, and was captured at the battle of Long Island, and 
 held on the British prison-ships at New York. He was born Deo. 
 30, 1744, and his wife, Ann Evans, — not of the immediate branch of 
 the Evans family, but of the Society of Friends,— was born Feb. 2, 
 1752. He died Feb. 13, 1816; his wife died Jan. 20, 1816. The 
 Evans family originally was of the Episcopal Church, but afterwards 
 belonged to the Friends. 
 
542 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Joshua Evans, Jr., was one of the most prominent of 
 the many noted men in Chester County. He was a man 
 of singular good sense and judgment, of clear intellect, 
 wonderful nerve, and exercised great power in the county 
 and State. He was elected in 1820 to the House of the 
 Pennsylvania Legislature, and represented from 1829 to 
 1833 in Congress the district then composed of the 
 counties of Chester, Lancaster, and Delaware. He was 
 many years brigadier-general of State militia. An un- 
 compromising Democrat of the Jefferson and Jackson school, 
 for many years the impress of his life was largely felt and 
 seen in the county. He died Oct. 2, 1846, and his wife, 
 Lydia, Nov. 20, 1818. To them (married Feb. 29, 1808) 
 were born six children, — Edward Farris, Mary Malin, 
 married to John Parker Bailey, engineer, and later associ- 
 ate judge of Chester County ; Sarah Davis, John D., 
 William Henry, and Joshua Lewis. Of these, Sarah and 
 William Henry died young, and the only one of the family 
 now living is John D. Evans, of Paoli, unmarried. 
 
 Lewis Evans, with Sarah, his wife, and children, came 
 from Caernarvonshire, Wales, and settled in Vincent town- 
 ship, near what is known as the " Tilt-Mills." Here Lewis 
 worked at his trade of a shoemaker until his death. May 
 19, 1-762, in the forty-sixth year of his age. He was 
 buried at Charlestowa Presbyterian church. His widow 
 survived until March 11, 1805, when she had reached her 
 ninety-third year, and was buried by her husband. 
 
 Daniel Evans, their son, was born in Caernarvonshire, 
 Nov. 27, 1743, and married Esther Benner, who was born 
 in Leipsic, Germany, 1759. Daniel died Oct. 1, 1820, 
 
 and his widow Aug. 10, 1840. The other children of 
 Lewis and Sarah were John, Barbara, Jeremiah, Sarah, and 
 Abel, the last being born on the voyage to this country. 
 After the death of the father the family removed to 
 Uwchlan and settled on 62J acres of land, whereon they 
 built a house in 1766, which was enlarged in 1801, and is 
 still standing. The farm was also increased until it con- 
 tained 350 acres, of which 333 acres are now owned by 
 Newton Evans. The house is said to have been for a time 
 the headquarters of Gen. Wayne, while his forces were 
 encamped on the farm. 
 
 The children of Daniel and Esther Evans were Lewis, 
 m. to Sarah Evans ; Isaac ; Elizabeth, m. to Joshua Evans ; 
 Sarah, m. to Samuel Nailor; Ezra, m. to Eliza King; 
 Mary, m. to Robert McClure ; Jesse ; Daniel ; Abel ; and 
 Henry T., m. to Eliza Thatcher. None of these are now 
 living except Abel and Mary. 
 
 Abel Evans, son of Daniel and Esther, was born in 
 Uwchlan township, April 23, 1801. He was raised on his 
 father's farm, and attended the subscription schools in his 
 neighborhood, receiving the ordinary advantages then 
 afforded in the country. He taught school about one year, 
 and then went into a store, clerking for his brother Isaac. 
 After this he farmed six years, and then was engaged nine 
 years in merchandising. He now purchased a farm in 
 West Vincent, on which he resided until 1865, when he 
 removed to Norristown, where he lived until 1871. He 
 then returned to his farm, on which he remained until 
 November, 1879, when he went to Philadelphia, where he 
 is now living. He was married July 31, 1822, to Ann, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 543 
 
 daughter of James and Hannah Wilson, to whom seven 
 children have been born, — Isaac Benner, James Wilson 
 (deceased), Daniel, Mary Esther, married to William T. 
 Shafer ; Elizabeth Ellen, married to Isaac L. Anderson, of 
 Philadelphia; Abel (deceased), and Henry Thomas Ben- 
 ton. He has served ten years as justice of the peace. 
 
 don County, Va., where he raised a family. Daniel settled 
 on a farm in West Whiteland, now owned by William E. 
 Lockwood, where he died September, 1775, leaving no de- 
 scendants. He was buried at the Vincent Baptist church, 
 of which he was a member, but his wife, Sarah, was a mem- 
 ber"of the Episcopal Church. He devised his farm of 160 
 
 ^MyC- 
 
 He is a member of the Baptist Church, which with his 
 family he attends, and to which he freely contributes. He 
 is a Republican, having left the Democratic party at the 
 time of the Kansas-Leeompton imbroglio, in 1857-58. 
 The Evans family is very numerous in the county, and has 
 always been distinguished for its thrift, public spirit, and 
 devotion to its adopted country. Daniel, the father of 
 Abel, went to School with Gen. Anthony Wayne, with 
 whom he maintained to the latter's death an intimate 
 friendship. 
 
 John Evans, of Uwchlan, son of Lewis and Sarah, 
 was born in Wales in 1745, died November, 1783. He 
 was married, August (license dated 26th), 1772, to Agnes 
 Barnard, widow of Thomas, and daughter of Abraham and 
 Lydia Carter, of Chester township. He was a farmer and 
 hotel-keeper. Agnes survived her husband many years, 
 and during the last years of her life lived with her son 
 Blam in Uwchlan. 
 
 The children of Johs and Agnes Evans were Daniel, 
 b. Aug. 10, 1773, m. Sarah dinger ; Mary, b. Dec. 14, 
 1776 ; Sarah, b. 1778, m. Samuel Barber ; Silas, b. 1780 ; 
 Elam, b. 1782, m. Phebe Smith. 
 
 Daniel Evans and Rees Evans, brothers of Lewis 
 Evans, came from Wales about 1755. Rees went to Lou- 
 
 acres to his wife for life, and at her death the rents and 
 profits were to be divided, — two-thirds to the Vincent Bap- 
 tist Church and one-third to St. Peter's Episcopal Church, 
 for the support of the ministers. 
 
 Finding they could not well manage the farm, the two 
 churches, after the widow's death, applied to the State 
 Legislature for authority to sell, which was granted by act 
 of Assembly, approved Feb. 10, 1807 (see pamphlet laws, 
 p. 24). By this act two trustees from each church were 
 appointed to sell the property and put the money at inter- 
 est, and in case the churches ceased to exist the money was 
 to revert to the heirs as provided by the will. In pursu- 
 ance of this statute, the Baptist Church of Vincent town- 
 ship appointed Josiah Phillips, of Uwchlan township, and 
 James John and John Ralston (afterwards Judge Ralston, 
 of West Vincent), and John Hall were appointed on the 
 part of St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church to sell. 
 The sale took place Dec. 23, 1809, and was purchased by 
 John MaUn for the sum of £2473 5s. 3d, or, in United 
 States money, $6595.371. The property to go to the Bap- 
 tist Church was $4396.91, and St. Peter's Protestant Epis- 
 copal Church, $2198.46. 
 
 William Evans, of Tredyffrin, died in 1734, leav- 
 ing wife, Eleanor, and children, William, Richard, David, 
 
544 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Thomas, Joel, Joshua, Rachel, Magdalen (m. Samuel 
 Morgan), Mary, Sarah (m. John Wayne), and Hannah. 
 He appears to have been a member of St. David's Church. 
 
 William Evans, of Vincent, was an active patriot 
 in the days of the Revolution, being commissioned a 
 justice of the peace. We find in the Colonial Records, 
 under date of Sept. 12, 1777, it was "ordered that the 
 Justices of the County of Chester immediately send in as 
 many Waggons as can be procured, and that Colo. Will" 
 Evans be employed in the County of Chester, '& that a 
 Press Warrant be given him accordingly.'' 
 
 He was married, May 14, 1761, by Rev. William Currie, 
 to Sarah Smith, and his death occurred in the summer of 
 1783. His children were Mary (m. to William Rogers), 
 Sarah, Jesse, John, and William. In his will he also men- 
 tions his brother David, of Vincent, and James, and sister 
 Eleanor, wife of John Dodson, in Frederick County, Md. 
 
 Abner Evans, from Wales, settled in East Nantmeal 
 about 1755, and purchased a large tract' of land. " Abner's 
 Hill" derives its name from him. He was the father of 
 George Evans, and the grandfather of Jesse, James and 
 Evan Evans, the latter at one time a county commissioner. 
 The late Abner G. Evans, who died Feb. 23, 1881, in Bast 
 Nantmeal, was also a descendant. 
 
 EVERHART, William.— James Everhart, of German 
 descent, was a volunteer in the Revolutionary war, and a 
 native of West Vincent township, Chester Co., as were 
 his three sons, whom he educated and started in business. 
 Of these, James was proprietor of a furnace in Schuylkill 
 County, and was a member of the Legislature in 1826. 
 William, the eldest, and the subject of this notice, was born 
 May 17, 1785, and acquired under the instruction of Wil- 
 liam Peters, brother of Judge Peters, sufficient knowledge 
 of geometry, mensuration, surveying, and navigation to 
 teach those branches satisfactorily before his eighteenth 
 year. For some time he practiced surveying, and about the 
 time of his majority commenced mercantile business in 
 Tredyfifrin township, and afterwards moved to Pughtown. 
 He next purchased a farm in West Whiteland, adjoining 
 the "Boot" farm,. and erected thereon a dwelling- and 
 store-house. On March 8, 1814, he married the grand- 
 daughter of Isaiah Matlack, who owned most of the land 
 in the north end of West Chester, and who built the Green 
 Tree and Eagle Hotels. He had by his wife eight children, 
 of whom Mary died young, Isaiah F. was accidentally 
 killed in his sixteenth year while trying to stop a team run- 
 ning away, and Elizabeth died since the decease of her 
 father. The five living children are Benjamin M., James, 
 Bowen, John R., Thomazine, and Mary. In the war of 
 1812, William Everhart raised a rifle company of eighty 
 picked men, and offered their services to the government. 
 They were directed to hold themselves in readiness, but 
 were not called into the field. He had been previously 
 appointed by the Governor a justice of the peace, and in 
 that capacity amicably settled every civil and assault and 
 battery case that came before him. It is also due to history 
 to say that for most of the time in which he acted as mag- 
 istrate he took no fees, except in cases of marrian'e. In 
 1822, Mr. Everhart sailed for England in the packet-ship 
 " Albion," which was wrecked on the coast of Ireland, and 
 
 he was the only cabin passenger saved. He lost, however, 
 nearly ten thousand dollars in gold, which he had taken 
 with him to buy merchandise. Gold was subsequently 
 found in the wreck, which was tendered to him, and which 
 he could have received had he been willing to swear to its 
 identity, but he could not conscientiously do that, as it was 
 not suflSciently marked, and he declined it. He was, how- 
 ever, so well remembered by friends whom he had previ- 
 ously met abroad that he was enabled to purchase as largely 
 as he desired. In 1824 he purchased a property in Gay 
 Street, West Chester, .and moved there. In 1829 he 
 bought the Wollerton farm, which reached from near the 
 Wilmington road to Cedar Hill. This property he divided 
 into lots, extended Market and Church Streets west and 
 south from the Chester County Hotel, now called the 
 Mansion House, which he built, and he named the streets 
 which he laid out after his friends, Isaac Wayne, Gen. 
 Barnard, Charles Miner, and Dr. William Darlington. He 
 realized largely from the purchase of this farm, and this 
 laid the foundation of his subsequent princely fortune. 
 From 1830 to 1862 he erected, perhaps, a hundred brick 
 buildings in the borough. 
 
 In 1852 he was elected to the Thirty-third Congress of 
 the United States, running considerably ahead of the rest 
 of the ticket. He declined a unanimous renomination, 
 considering it merely a complimentary approval of his 
 course. He delivered a most able, forcible, and comprehen- 
 sive speech in Congress on May 19, 1854, on the Kansas 
 and Nebraska bill of Senator Douglas repealing the Mis- 
 souri Compromise, which speech showed with prophetic 
 eye the dire results that would follow its passage, and that 
 its authors would reap a tornado. In the fall of 1867, Mr. 
 Everhart retired from mercantile business, after an uninter- 
 rupted application to it of over sixty years, with a credit 
 unimpaired in the commercial circles of the leading cities 
 of this country and England. It may be said that he was 
 comprehensive and long-sighted in his views, and yet not 
 indifierent to details. His judgment was rapid, and with- 
 out being intractable, he had much self-reliance and acted 
 promptly on his own convictions. His extensive inter- 
 course and experience gave him such practical knowledge 
 that he appreciated characters and transactions, values and 
 events, with remarkable facility and correctness. Although 
 but little devoted to literary composition, he could express 
 himself forcibly on paper, and without being an extempore 
 speaker, was seldom unprepared with an answer or sugges- 
 tion. His presence of mind scarcely ever forsook him in 
 any emergency of difficulty or peril. His habits, his mor- 
 als, his integrity, were beyond reproach. He had genuine 
 charity, giving to the poor and deserving without ostenta- 
 tion ; never forgetting a favor nor failing to forgive an 
 injury, nor disparaging merit on account of prejudice or 
 interest, nor in any way countenancing persecution or intol- 
 erance. He stood guard over an Abolitionists' meeting in 
 his own house when they could procure no other room, 
 and when they were followed by mobs all through the 
 North. His faith in religion was from early life, and un- 
 faltering to its close, and though a member of church for 
 half a century, he had a catholic regard for all sects, revered 
 all good men, and entertained with equal hospitality clergy- 
 
^/{^&ilM:<^K^ 
 
J. B. EVANS. 
 
 Daniel Evans was born in 
 ^»frnarvonshire, Wales, in 
 1743, and came to America in 
 1752 with his father, Lewis, 
 who settled in Vincent town- 
 ship. Daniel was a schoolmate 
 of Gen. Anthony "Wayne, and 
 on the latter's retreat from 
 Paoli to Warwick Furnace he 
 encamped one night on Daniel's 
 farm. Daniel, who died in 
 1820, married Esther Benner, 
 and their third son and fourth 
 child was Ezra, who married 
 Eliza King, of German extrac- 
 tion, to whom were born two 
 children, — Jesse Benner and 
 Newton. Of these, Jesse Ben- 
 ner Evans was born Oct. 3, 
 1824, and was raised on a farm, 
 receiving the education the 
 public schools afforded. He 
 was married July 16, 1850, to 
 Sarah S. Wagonseller, daughter 
 of Jacob Wagonseller, of Union 
 County, by whom he has had 
 six children : Franklin ; Eliza, 
 married to Clark Pierson, editor 
 of Lambertville (N. J.) Record; 
 Lewis Wilmer; Martha K.; 
 Abigail; and Gertrude. In 
 early life he studied dentistry, 
 and practiced his profession at 
 Phtenixville until 1855, when 
 he removed to the farm of 
 ninety-seven acres he now 
 owns, and where he has since 
 
 
 ^^.^. S^^^^^^0^4f 
 
 resided. He has served seven 
 years as school director, and 
 one term as justice of the peace, 
 and is now on his second one as 
 magistrate. He is a member 
 of the Windsor Baptist Church, 
 with his family, and to which he 
 liberally contributes. He was 
 originally a Democrat, but on 
 the repeal of the "Missouri 
 Compromise," in 1854, attached 
 himself to the Eepublican 
 Parg. Belongs to the Patrons 
 of Husbandry, and has been 
 Master of Grange Lodge, No. 
 53. In 1853 he joined Phoenix 
 Lodge, No. 75, A. and Y. M., 
 and was afterwards a charter 
 member of Williamson Lodge, 
 No. 309, of Downingtown, of 
 which he was its second Wor- 
 shipful Master. He subsequent- 
 ly as a charter member aided 
 in the organization of Mount 
 Pickering Lodge, No. 446, of 
 which he was the first Wor- 
 shipful Master, and to which 
 he yet belongs. His farm lies 
 on the State road from West 
 Chester to Pottstown, midway 
 between them, and his post- 
 oflSce is Uwchlan. He is a 
 gentleman of deserved high 
 standing in the community, as 
 is well attested by the many 
 responsible positions to which 
 he has been chosen. 
 
 RESIDENCE AND FARM OF J. B. EVANS, UPPER UWCHLAN, 
 
'•■■>-W,H^^^ y,,_,,._,^,^ ,;,»•!»"■: 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 545 
 
 men of every denomination. Mr. Everhart did more to 
 contribute to the wealth and prosperity of West Chester 
 than any other one of its citizens, and his death, on Oct. 
 30, 1868, was as deeply regretted as his memory is fondly 
 cherished by all who knew him. 
 
 Of his three sons, Benjamin M. is well known for his 
 proficiency in natural history, and especially in all branches 
 of botany. James B. studied law in West Chester and at 
 the Cambridge (Mass.) Law-School, and successfully prac- 
 ticed his profession in West Chester for a time ; was captain 
 and major in the two " emergencies" of the late Rebellion ; 
 and is at present (1881) State senator, to which office he 
 was elected in 1876, and again in 1880. He is also the 
 author of two volumes of poetry and one of miscellanies of 
 travel. John R. is a physician, who attended lectures in 
 Philadelphia and Paris, performed one of the most success- 
 ful operations for cataract in the county, and was surgeon 
 during the late war and was promoted for efficiency. 
 
 PAIRLAMB, Nicholas, from Stockton, in the county 
 of Durham, England, came to Pennsylvania in 1700, and 
 settled at first in Philadelphia. In 1703 he married Katha- 
 rine, daughter of Richard Crosby, of Middletown, to which 
 place he removed, afterwards residing in Chester. His chil- 
 dren were Mary, b. 7, 19, 1705, m. John Tomlinson ; 
 Samuel, b. 10, 20, 1707, died young ; Katharine, b. 4, 8, 
 1709, m. Joseph Tomlinson ; Hannah, b. 8, 19, 1711, m. 
 John Hurford ; John, m. 11, 13, 1742-3, to Susanna Engle ; 
 Eleanor, m. 4, 23, 1743, to Caleb Harrison. 
 
 John was a member of Assembly, sheriff, justice of the 
 courts, etc., and died in 1766, leaving children, — Nicholas, 
 Frederick, Samuel, John, Catharine, Anne, Susanna, 
 Eleauor, and Mary. 
 
 John, Jr., married Susanna Ashbridge, of Goshen, in 
 1784. Catharine married, 4, 3, 1773, Peter Hill, of Mid- 
 dletown, who built what was known as " Hillsdale Factory," 
 on the Brandywine, in East Bradford, now a paper-mill. 
 
 FETTERS, George, was born in Philadelphia about 
 1760. His parents died when he was quite young, and he 
 Jived with relatives in Germantown until the Revolutionary 
 war, in which he served for some time. In 1784 he mar- 
 ried Margaret, daughter of John and Sarah Smith,* who 
 emigrated from Germany about 1745, and settled first at 
 Germantown, later near Skippack, (now) Montgomery Co. 
 About the year 1800, George Fetters settled in Charles- 
 town township, and afterwards in East Whiteland. Their 
 children were twelve in number, of whom eight married 
 and raised families, viz.: Mary, m. James Pennypacker; 
 Margaret, m. Peter Hartman ; Susan, m. Matthias Penny- 
 packer ; Sarah, m. Henry Hartzell ; John, m. Mary Sloyer ; 
 Abraham and Samuel; George, m. Catharine Laubaugh. 
 The sons were all six feet high. George, Sr., and wife 
 finally owned a farm in Pikeland. He died Deo. 25, 1836, 
 and she February, 1847 ; both buried at Pikeland church. 
 
 George Fetters' son Samuel married Mary, daughter of 
 
 » John Smith, with three of his sons, served in the Revolutionary 
 war in the patriot army. Smith was a miller, and by detecting adul- 
 terations in the flour that was furnished the American army while at 
 Valley Forge he was appointed to the position of flour inspector. 
 His son Isaiah witnessed the execution of Major Andrg, and served 
 until the close of the war. 
 
 69 
 
 John and Catharine Acker, by whom he had children, — 
 John, Abraham, Isaac, Mary, Elizabeth, and Samuel. 
 
 Abraham Fetters, son of Samuel and Mary (Acker) 
 Fetters, was born in Uwohlan township, Sept. 17, 1828, and 
 when four years of age went to live with his grandfather, 
 John Acker, in East Whiteland, with whom he remained 
 until he was sixteen. His early education was received in 
 the public school of Valley Creek, in East Whiteland, 
 where he made good progress in his studies, particularly in 
 mathematics. He was fond of reading, and devoted his 
 first earnings, saved from gathering nuts, etc., to the pur- 
 chase of books, historical and biographical being his favor- 
 ites. After he was sixteen he returned to his father's, and 
 soon after went one term to Prospect Hill Academy, in 
 East Bradford, kept by Benjamin Price, Jr. In the fall of 
 1846, at the age of eighteen, he began teaching at Hope- 
 well public school, in Charlestown township. Though the 
 manners of the times and place were rude and the boys 
 large, he had about him a personal dignity, backed by good 
 strong health, a six-foot stature, and plenty of muscle, that 
 enabled him to secure and maintain good discipline and a 
 good reputation as a teacher from the very start. He taught 
 afterwards in the public schools, — three sessions at Hopewell ; 
 nine at White School, in Uwchlan ; three at Franklin Hall, 
 West Pikeland; and three at School No. 1, Birmingham. 
 He was also in charge of the primary department of the 
 West Chester Academy for two years, under Prof. Wyers 
 as principal. Twelve hundred pupils in all have been under 
 his charge, and it is safe to say no teacher in the county 
 has exerted a wider or more healthful influence over the 
 rising generation. Always enthusiastic in his profession, 
 he has labored in the cause thirty-four years with an amount 
 of energy and a success of which any man may well feel 
 proud. At White School, in 1856, he established the first 
 public-school library in the county, and he was the first, as 
 far as is known, who had vocal music in his school. His 
 success in all these enterprises is attested by the large num- 
 ber of well-educated and well-doing men and women who 
 owe their early training to him. One particular case is 
 worthy of mention. A poor bound boy who came to his 
 school and read the books in the Ubrary at White School, 
 Uwchlan, is now a celebrated newspaper writer of Cincin- 
 nati, 0. He told Mr. Fetters that it was the impulse his 
 training and the reading of the books in the above library 
 gave him that raised him to his present position. 
 
 Mr. Fetters married Rebecca K., youngest daughter of 
 John and Hannah Brownback, of Upper Uwchlan, on 
 Christmas Day, 1866, and moved in the following spring to 
 his present residence, having resigned his position as a 
 teacher in the West Chester Academy, and intending to 
 devote his time and energies to farming. His farm is one 
 of the finest in the county, but the old school-teacher im- 
 pulse was too strong to allow him to devote his whole time 
 to farming, and in the fall of 1868, having the previous 
 winter taught the public school at Prospect Hill, Upper 
 Uwchlan, he opened a day- and boarding-school at his resi- 
 dence. This he named " Edgefield Institute," and it has 
 been in successful operation ever since, with an average 
 attendance of twenty-five pupils of both sexes. The repu- 
 tation of his school is deservedly high, and his farm and 
 
546 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 farm buildings are models of neatness, thrift, and elegance. 
 During the Eebellion he was captain of Co. G, 12th Regi- 
 ment P. V. M., in fall of 1862, and in 1863 was first ser- 
 geant of Co. A, 43d Eegiment P. V. M. He is one of 
 the jury commissioners for the county. On the whole, he 
 may well feel a satisfaction in his work, and few men have 
 done more or better. He is, moreover, even now reaping 
 the substantial fruits of a successful life. He is possessed 
 of an ample competency, and as a specimen of physical 
 manhood few men equal him. Strictly temperate and pure 
 in his life, honest, industrious, and useful in the highest 
 degree, he is a credit to the name and an honor to his native 
 county. 
 
 Abraham Fetters, son of G-eorge and Margaret, was 
 a soldier in the war of 1812, and one of the most successful 
 farmers of his time. He married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 John and Catharine Acker, whose ancestors were thrifty 
 land-owners in Uwchlan before the Eevolution. 
 
 Levi Fetters, the first son and second child of Abra- 
 ham and Elizabeth (Acker) Fetters, was born Nov. 3, 1831. 
 He had a fair chance for a common-school education, hav- 
 
 
 ^/^^^2Z^ 
 
 ing attended two years the school of Miss Elizabeth Jones, 
 daughter of the late Judge Thomas Jones, a most estimable 
 lady, and an accomplished teacher. He also spent two win- 
 ters at the Howard Academy, Rockville, under the charge 
 of Prof. James McClune. He taught school from 1854 
 to the breaking out of the war, in the winters. In 1859 
 he visited Europe on a tour of six months, and contributed 
 a series of letters to the Chester County Times, then owned 
 by Samuel Downing and published in West Chester. They 
 were read with great favor and largely copied by other 
 papers. During the war he was first lieutenant in the 21st 
 Pennsylvania Militia, and captain of Co. C, 175th P. V. 
 He served in Virginia and North Carolina until his regi- 
 
 ment was mustered out. His reputation as an officer was 
 such that on one occasion his company was selected from 
 the whole brigade for a special service. He taught infantry 
 tactics in the Free Military School, 1210 Chestnut Street, 
 Philadelphia, for six months during the war. This school 
 was established and paid for by the Union League of Phila- 
 delphia for instructing officers for colored troops. It was 
 a most successful institution, and sent over four hundred 
 well-qualified young officers to the front and field. As an 
 evidence of the appreciation the Union League had of his 
 services the following resolution is appended : 
 
 " Headqdartees StrPEBVisoRr Committee for Recruiting Coloebd 
 Troops, 
 "1210 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Sept. 26, 1864. 
 " Levi Fetters, Esq. : 
 
 " Dear Sir, — At a meeting of the committee last evening the follow- 
 ing resolution was unanimously adopted: 
 
 " ' Mesolved, That the thanks of this committee are due and are 
 hereby tendered to Levi Fetters, late captain 175th P. V., assistant 
 preceptor of the Free Military School for applicants for command of 
 colored troops, for his able and unremitting services in the discharge 
 of his duties.' Respectfully, 
 
 " Cadwalader Biddle, See'y." 
 
 In 1869 he married Mary, daughter of Isaac King, of 
 East Whiteland, and has now two sons, Arthur H. and 
 Lawrence K. He now resides at Barneston, West Nant- 
 meal township, where he is ticket and freight agent" 
 of the Pennsylvania Railroad at that station. He is 
 also agent of Adams Express Company, and a direc- 
 tor in the Phoenixville Fire Insurance Company. He has 
 been postmaster there since 1872. He is also engaged in 
 the mercantile and warehouse business. He was a candi- 
 date in the last County Republican Convention for the 
 nomination for the Legislature, and received forty-four votes, 
 being next to the one nominated. All his ancestors were 
 of German or Swiss extraction, and all honest and success- 
 ful farmers. His grandfather, George Fetters, and others 
 of his ancestors, were soldiers in the patriot army in the 
 Revolution. His father, Abraham, when a young man, 
 walked, in 1817, to Cincinnati, Ohio, and back to his farm 
 in this county, and was many years a commissioned officer 
 in a military company commanded by the late John G. 
 Wersler, of Charlestown. Levi Fetters has acted as school 
 director. Has been for twenty-six years a member of the 
 I. 0. 0. F. In 1866 he was in Florida in the cotton cul- 
 ture, and in 1872 embarked at Barneston in the mercantile 
 business, where he has been most successful. 
 
 FINCHER, Francis, from Worcester, England, was 
 an early settler in Pennsylvania. His son John married 
 Martha, daughter of Robert Taylor, of Springfield, and in 
 1699 was living in Newtown. After this he resided in 
 Uwchlan, but his final settlement was in Londongrove, 
 where he died about 1747. In 1714 he married the widow 
 Elinor Cook, but his children were probably by his first 
 wife. They were Elizabeth, m. 9, 2, 1722, to Thomas 
 Cox ; Rebecca, b. 9, 6, 1708, m. Joseph Bennett ; Jonar 
 than, m. 4, 29, 1726, to Deborah Dicks; Sarah, m. 2, 25, 
 1728, to Edward Swayne ; Mary, m. 2, 17, 1729, to Na- 
 thaniel Newlin, owner of Newlin township ; Francis, m. 4, 
 30, 1731, to Hannah Shewin ; John, m. to Jane McNab. 
 
 FINLEY, Rev. Samuel, D.D., was born in Armagh, 
 province of Ulster, Ireland, in 1715. He emigrated to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 547 
 
 America in September, 1734 ; is supposed to have studied 
 at the "Log College" of William Tennent, at Neshaminy, 
 Bucks Co., and was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of 
 New Brunswick, Aug. 4, 1740. After preaching in various 
 places- he became, in 1744, pastor of the Nottingham 
 Church, adjacent to the line between Chester Co., Pa., and 
 Cecil Co., Md., having a congregation resident in both 
 counties. 
 
 In this place he instituted an academy, which was con- 
 ducted with admirable wisdom and success, and acquired a 
 higher reputation than any other in the middle colonies, so 
 that students from a great distance were attracted to it. 
 Some of the ablest and best men in the country laid the 
 foundation of their education, eminence, and usefulness in 
 this academy ; among whom may be mentioned Dr. Benja- 
 min Rush and his brother, Judge Jacob Rush, sons of a 
 sister of Mrs. Finley ; Governor Martin, of North Carolina ; 
 Ebenezer Hazard, Esq. ; Dr. McWhorter, of New Jersey ; 
 Col. John Bayard; Governor Henry, of Maryland; Dr. 
 William M. Tennent, Dr. James Power, and James Wad- 
 dell, D.D., the blind preacher, whose eloquence has been so 
 highly eulogized by William Wirt in his « British Spy.'' 
 
 Dr. Finley was a man of sound and vigorous mind, an 
 accomplished scholar and skillful teacher, and there were 
 no better classical scholars formed anywhere than in his 
 school. 
 
 In 1761 he became president of the College of New- Jer- 
 sey, and removed to Princeton. He performed the duties 
 of this position with distinguished wisdom and eflSciency, 
 and the college prospered greatly during his administration. 
 He was remarkable for sweetness of temper and politeness 
 of behavior; given to hospitality, and exemplary in the 
 discharge of all his duties. 
 
 The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him 
 by the University of Glasgow in 1763, an honor not con- 
 ferred in those days, especially by a foreign university, ex- 
 cept when well merited. This was the second instance in 
 which that university had conferred this degree upon a 
 Presbyterian minister on this side of the Atlantic. It had 
 conferred the title upon Francis Alison in 1758. 
 
 Dr. Finley died July 16, 1766. Among his descend- 
 ants is Samuel Finley Breese Morse, inventor of the mag- 
 netic telegraph. 
 
 FINNEY, Robert, born in Ireland about 1668, came 
 to America with his wife, Dorothea, and children as early as 
 1720, and settled in New London township. He purchased 
 from Michael Harlan, in 1722, the " Thunder Hill" tract 
 of 900 acres, for which a patent was afterwards granted 
 him, dated Aug. 4, 1733. Tradition states that he was 
 one of the defenders of Londonderry, and in the battle of 
 the Boyne, 1690, he was wounded and left upon the field 
 as dead. Regaining consciousness in the night, and finding 
 a horse grazing near, he mounted and rode away. It is 
 also said that at the burial of some one years after his se- 
 pulture, his skull was discovered with a hole in it, showing 
 where the wound had been. Another oft-repeated tradi- 
 tion is to the efiect that before leaving Ireland he dreamed 
 that he had emigrated and purchased land in America, and 
 when he actually came he recognized in "Thunder Hill" 
 the home of his dream. 
 
 Upon a corner of this tract he and his wife were buried, 
 and the spot was reserved for a family burying-ground. 
 He died in March, 1755, and his wife in May, 1752. 
 
 Their children were, so far as known, — 1. John, who 
 settled at New Castle, physician, died 1774 ; was the father 
 of David Finney, judge of the Supreme Court of Delaware. 
 2. Robert, physician, of Thunder Hill, who died about 
 1782, probably unmarried. 3. Lazarus, m. Catharine SI 
 monton, was the first tavern-keeper at New London Cross- 
 roads ; died about 1740, leaving children, — Robert, John 
 Dorothy, and Catharine. The widow married John Frew, 
 who continued the tavern-keeping business at the old stand 
 4. Letitia, m. William McKean, was the mother of Governor 
 Thomas McKean. 5. William, m. Jane Stephenson ; died 
 about 1751, leaving children, — Robert, John, Walter 
 (judge), Elizabeth (m. to Andrew Henderson), and Jane 
 (m. to a Mr. Hunter, and lived in Pittsburgh). 6. Thomas, 
 m. to Mary ; died in New London about. 1767, leav- 
 ing children, — Robert, Dorothea, and Ann. 7. Ann, m. 
 to John McClenaohan, of New London. 
 
 Rev. Spencer L. Finney, of Rye, N. Y., is descended 
 from Lazarus Finney through Robert, Lazarus, and Rob- 
 ert, he being of the sixth generation. He has in his pos- 
 session the old deed and patent for Thunder Hill, with 
 other family papers. 
 
 Walter Finney, born in New London, 1748, purchased 
 the farm on which his father had lived, and, with the ex- 
 ception of the time spent in the service of his country, 
 passed his days in the cultivation thereof. 
 
 He joined the American army, with the rank of lieu- 
 tenant, at the commencement of the Revolutionary war, 
 serving throughout that memorable contest, and also 
 through the Indian wars at the conclusion of the Revolu- 
 tion. During his service he attained to the rank of cap- 
 tain, and was brevetted a major Aug. 10, 1776 ; among 
 other engagements, was in the battle of Brandywine ; on 
 one occasion was wounded in the head by a grape-shot ; 
 experienced captivity in a New York prison-ship, where he 
 was nearly starved to death before he was exchanged ; and 
 although clearly entitled to a pension, he never applied for 
 it. While a young and enthusiastic lieutenant, Mr. Finney 
 manifested his patriotic zeal by fitting out at his own ex- 
 pense two of his servants who had entered the provincial 
 service in Col. Atlee's battalion. 
 
 At the conclusion of his military career, Capt. Finney 
 became a member of the State Society of the Cincinnati, 
 and was soon after appointed a justice of the County 
 Court ; under the constitution of 1790 he was an associ- 
 ate judge of the court, in which office he was continued 
 until his decease, Sept. 20, 1820. He had presided over 
 the courts for several years when they were held by the 
 justices of the peace ; and after the appointment of judges 
 he usually presided in the absence of the president judge, 
 and it is said conducted the business with great satisfaction. 
 
 Walter Finney was one of the fairest specimens of a 
 Pennsylvania patriot. Honest and faithful, a good citizen 
 and a pious man, he was always ready to do his duty to 
 the republic. 
 
 He married Mary O'Hara, who died Aug. 10, 1823, and 
 both are buried at Thunder Hill. 
 
548 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 FITZPATRICK, James * commonly known in those 
 days as Capt. Fitz or Fitch, was the son of an Irishman, 
 and when a boy was bound by his father to John Passmore, 
 a worthy citizen of Doe Run, who resided on the farm now 
 owned by Benjamin Seal, in whose family he was brought 
 up, and from whom he learned his trade, that of a black- 
 smith. He appears to have behaved well during his ap- 
 prenticeship, and to have served his master faithfully. He 
 is said in his boyhood to have manifested great superiority 
 in athletic exercises, at which he practiced a great deal. 
 
 Upon attaining his majority he worked for others at his 
 trade for a period. The Revolutionary war, however, break- 
 ing out about this time, he joined a militia company, and 
 afterwards entered the Flying Camp, and went with it to 
 New York. He soon deserted, swam the Hudson, and 
 returned to Chester County, where he was recognized, ar- 
 rested, and lodged in Walnut Street prison in Philadelphia 
 as a deserter. Recruits for the army being much needed, 
 the offer was made to deserters of release and indemnity 
 for the past on condition they would return to the service. 
 Fitzpatrick availed himself of the offer, and again entered 
 the Continental army. He appears to have done so, how- 
 ever, simply for the purpose of regaining his liberty, as in 
 a very short time he again deserted, and reappeared in 
 Chester County. How long he was at liberty after this 
 second desertion we have no means of knowing, but in 
 the summer of 1777, while mowing with others in a 
 field on the property of his former master, John Passmore, 
 in West Marlborough township, he was arrested by two 
 soldiers, who had been sent from Wilmington for that pur- 
 pose, his whereabouts having become known. He was not 
 aware of the presence of the soldiers, and was taken before 
 resistance could be made. He was determined, however, 
 not to again lose his liberty so ea.sily, but being unarmed 
 and in the hands of armed men, it was necessary to resort 
 to strategy to effect his release. His captors, at his request, 
 accompanied him to his mother's, who resided in a tenant- 
 house on Mr. Passmore's property, in order that he might 
 procure some additional clothing. On entering the house 
 Fitzpatrick preceded them, seized his rifle, which stood be- 
 hind the door, turned on his captors and compelled them 
 by his threats to leave him. He is said to have returned 
 to his labor, and to have pursued it as if nothing had taken 
 place to disturb his composure. 
 
 Soon after this Gen. Howe landed at the Head of Elk, 
 and was joined by Fitzpatrick, either because he desired to 
 be revenged on the Whigs for having arrested and im- 
 prisoned him for desertion, or because he was at heart a 
 Tory. He was with the British army on its march through 
 Chester County, was present at the battle of Brandywine, 
 and afterwards accompanied the army to Philadelphia, and 
 was doubtless very serviceable to the British commander, 
 from his familiar knowledge of the country through which 
 
 » The readers of Bayard Taylor's " Stoi-y of Kennett" will remember 
 the personages who figure therein under the names of Sandy Flash 
 and Dougherty. These characters appear to be based upon those of 
 two celebrated bandits who flourished in Chester County during the 
 years 1777 and 1778, bearing the names of James Fitzpatrick and 
 Mordeoai Dougherty, and who were for a considerable time the terror 
 of the Whig citizens of the county. 
 
 they passed. While the army occupied Philadelphia he 
 remained with them, making excursions into his native 
 county from time to time, plundering the Whigs, and car- 
 rying off their horses and other property to Philadelphia. 
 Sometimes he captured the good Whigs themselves and 
 took them within the British lines. In this petty warfare 
 he was assisted by one Mordecai Dougherty, who had been 
 brought up in the family of Nathan Hayes, near Doe Run, 
 and with whom Fitzpatrick had doubtless been acquainted 
 from boyhood. 
 
 When the British army evacuated Philadelphia, in the 
 spring of 1778, Fitzpatrick, who was then absent on a ma- 
 rauding expedition, stayed behind, and resolved to carry on 
 the war on his own account, making Chester County the 
 theatre of his operations. 
 
 His headquarters were for a time at what was then known 
 as Hand's Pass, on the North Valley Hill, a short distance 
 west of the present town of Coatesville, near where the 
 Philadelphia and Lancaster turnpike leaves the valley. He 
 also frequented various secluded points along the Brandy- 
 wine, particularly in Newlin and West Bradford townships, 
 one of which was on the high hill on the west side of the 
 creek, near the present Marshall's Station on the Wilming- 
 ton and Reading Bailroad. 
 
 From these retreats Fitzpatrick, aided by his friend 
 Dougherty, whom he styled his lieutenant, made his depre- 
 dations upon the Whigs, and by a series of the most daring 
 robberies became the terror of the people of the whole 
 county. The Tories — who for the truth of history, it must 
 be confessed, were somewhat numerous in parts of Chester 
 County — were never molested ; but the Whigs, and es- 
 pecially the collectors of public moneys, he considered as 
 lawful prey, and he plundered them whenever opportunity 
 offered, often maltreating them in a rude and merciless 
 manner, sometimes tying them and flogging them severely. 
 
 He was often pursued and searched for in all his haunts, 
 sometimes by large bodies of men banded together to effect 
 his capture, and ambushed on every side, but he always 
 eluded their vigilance, plundering on one day in one part 
 of the county, and setting the whole neighborhood in com- 
 motion, and appearing the next day in an entirely different 
 section and pursuing the same course, escaping from the 
 fleetest, and disarming and robbing those who were armed 
 for his capture. Many incidents are related of his hair- 
 breadth escapes, and of his reckless daring in presenting 
 himself to those who were seeking for him, walking through 
 companies of men armed for his capture, daunting them 
 by his intrepidity and escaping unharmed. The limits of 
 this sketch, however, will not .admit of their minute rela- 
 tion. 
 
 He was not, however, a covetous man ; was never known 
 to wrong the weak and helpless, and frequently gave to the 
 poor what he took from the rich. On one occasion, while 
 lurking in the neighborhood of Cain Friends' meeting-house, 
 he fell in with an old woman who followed the business of 
 a trader, on her way to Philadelphia with her little stock of 
 money to purchase goods. She was not acquainted with 
 the person of the robber, and made known to him her ap- 
 prehension that, as Capt. Fitz was in the neighborhood, she 
 might fall into his clutches and be robbed of her money. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 549 
 
 He told her that he was the man she so much dreaded, but 
 that she might dismiss her fears, for he would not wrong a 
 poor and defenseless woman, and presenting her with a quan- 
 tity of gold, wished her a pleasant journey, and left her. 
 
 The authorities were not idle while this predatory war- 
 fare was being carried on. On June 6, 1778, Col. Andrew 
 Boyd, lieutenant of the county of Chester, a resident of 
 Sadsbury, wrote from Newlin township to the Council at 
 Philadelphia that Joseph Luckey and Peter Burgandine 
 had been taken out of their houses by Pitzpatrick, Dough- 
 erty, and others; that he had made the most diligent 
 .search after these daring marauders and their accomplices, 
 but without success, and that they were secreted and sup- 
 ported with provisions by the inhabitants of Newlin and 
 neighboring townships, who were ill-affected towards the 
 cause of American liberty. 
 
 On July 13th the Executive Council, by an order, after 
 reciting that James Pitzpatrick had for some time past in- 
 fested the highway leading from Philadelphia to Lancaster, 
 robbing the people passing thereon, offered a reward of one 
 thousand dollars for his capture. 
 
 At length the career of this bold, bad man, who had 
 baffled so long the efforts made to arrest him, was brought 
 to a close. On August 22d he called at the house of Wil- 
 liam McAffee or McFee, situate in Edgmont township, near 
 Crum Creek, and not far from the highway leading from 
 West Chester to Philadelphia, near what is known as Castle 
 Kock, and after making himself known, said he was going 
 about levying contributions from the Whigs, and demanded 
 one hundred and fifty pounds. He ordered the family, 
 consisting of Mr. McAffee and his wife, a son, Capt. Robert 
 McAffee, a woman named Rachel Walker, and a boy, all 
 up-stairs, and proceeded to plunder the house. He had 
 taken from Capt. McAffee a pair of shoes, and laying his 
 sword and pistol on a bed in a room where the family were, 
 raised a foot on the bedstead, in order to put on one of the 
 shoes. Rachel Walker gave a signal to Capt. McAffee (who 
 was a strong, athletic man) to seize him, and he, contem- 
 plating the same thing, instantly grappled him round the 
 body and arms, and Rachel grasped the pistols (one of 
 which Pitzpatrick had retained in his hand) almost at the 
 same moment, and after an effort secured them. Capt. 
 McAffee succeeded in throwing him down, and his servant, 
 David Cunningham, entering at the moment, ropes were 
 procured and he was securely bound. Cunningham was 
 then sent to inform the W^higs of his capture, and to pro- 
 cure assistance to guard the prisoner. As McAffee's 
 nearest neighbors were mainly inimical to the American 
 cause, the messenger had to go some distance before he 
 could procure the needed aid. During the night a gun was 
 fired at one of the windows, — it was supposed by Dougherty. 
 Search was made, but the villain had fled, leaving a sword 
 which Pitz had formerly taken from an officer. The next 
 morning a guard arrived from the American camp, and the 
 prisoner was conveyed to jail at Chester. 
 
 On Sept. 15th he was convicted of burglary and robbery 
 and sentenced to be hung, and the 26th of the same month 
 was fixed upon by the Council as the time for his execution. 
 Before the day arrived he made violent efforts to effect his 
 escape, and very nearly succeeded in doing so, having filed 
 
 off his irons and got out of his dungeon. The Council had 
 him removed to Philadelphia for safe-keeping, and while in 
 jail there he broke his handcuffs twice in one night, but 
 being closely guarded, his attempts to escape were frustrated. 
 On the day before his execution he was taken back to the 
 jail at Chester, and executed in pursuance of the warrant. 
 
 A dispute afterwards arose with reference to the distri- 
 bution of the reward of one thousand dollars which had 
 been offered by the Executive Council for the capture of 
 Pitzpatrick. The woman, Rachel Walker, claimed the 
 whole of it, alleging that she had first suggested the seizure, 
 and it was claimed by Capt. McAffee, on the ground that 
 the capture was actually made by him ; but the Council, 
 after hearing the parties, deeming their claims both meri- 
 torious, divided the reward equally between them. She, 
 however, availing herself of the favorable impression which 
 her conduct produced, went about the country and received 
 considerable sums of money from the Whigs as a reward 
 for her courage. 
 
 About two weeks after the execution of Pitzpatrick, some 
 miscreants maimed the horses and burned the oats and hay- 
 stacks of Wm. McAffee. In a return made by him of 
 property destroyed by the British and their adherents 
 during the Revolutionary war, in pursuance of an act of As- 
 sembly passed in 1783, he sets down his losses as follows : 
 
 Oct. 9, 1778, two large stacks of Oats £100 
 
 To a large quantity of hay and other damage to 
 the amount of 100 
 
 £200 
 
 Pitzpatrick is described by tradition as having been an 
 uncommonly fine-looking man, of tall and commanding ap- 
 pearance, very strong and athletic, and swift of foot. His 
 hair was red and his complexion florid. He was un- 
 doubtedly a remarkable man, and possessed abilities which, 
 had he pursued an honorable career, might have won for 
 him a distinguished name in the annals of his country. 
 
 After Pitzpatrick met his reward, Mordecai Dougherty, 
 his accomplice, disappeared, and his fate is unknown. 
 
 PLEMING, William, the earliest member of this 
 family in Chester County, was a native of Greenock, Scot- 
 land. It is related that he had an uncle who, in the latter 
 part of the seventeenth century, sailed a ship from Greenock 
 to the Eastern Shore of Maryland for tobacco and wheat. 
 Once while in port at Greenock he persuaded his nephew, 
 William Pleming, to make a voyage with him to America. 
 He consented, and arriving in the Chesapeake in the har- 
 vest-time, went ashore at the instance of his uncle to help 
 the farmers, as it would be some time before the ship would 
 be ready to make the return voyage. While thus engaged 
 the ship sailed without him, and he then learned that his 
 uncle had bound him as a servant. He took the matter 
 philosophically, served the farmer faithfully for the time 
 agreed upon, and then made his way to the settlements on 
 the Delaware. Here he resided with an Englishman, 
 Richard Moore, in Concord township, (now) Delaware 
 Co., and married Mary, one of his daughters. In 1714 
 he removed with his family and settled in East Cain town- 
 ship, Chester Co. The family possessions were at first 
 on the east side of the west branch of the Brandywine, at 
 and near the present Coatesville. Here he erected a 
 
550 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 dwelling, about where the rolling-mill of Huston & Pen- 
 rose now stands. The first survey to William Fleming 
 is dated May 29, 1714, and was for 207 acres and allow- 
 ance, and he soon thereafter became the owner of a 
 tract of 400 acres. The family subsequently became the 
 owners of large tracts on the west side of the creek, in 
 Sadsbury and West Cain, and their possessions extended 
 along the valley on each side of the stream for a consider- 
 able distance. William Fleming died before 1733, leaving 
 sons — John, William, Henry, George, James, and Peter — 
 and daughters, Mary, wife of David Cowan, and Susannah, 
 daughter of William Cowan. 
 
 George Fleming, one of the sons, became the owner of a 
 tract in West Cain, containing 230 acres, by warrant dated 
 June 14, 1744, and, as recited in a subsequent conveyance, 
 " built and erected a water corn-mill, bolting-mills, mill- 
 house, and other improvements upon the same land." He 
 died unmarried, and the land descended to his nephew James, 
 the eldest son and heir-at-law of his brother John, then 
 also deceased, who was the oldest brother of George. Peter 
 was the youngest son of William Fleming. He and his 
 sons after the Revolution removed to Washington Co., Pa. 
 
 James Fleming, son of William Fleming, the emigrant, 
 died May 3, 1767, at the age of sixty-four years, and was 
 buried at Upper Octorara, leaving a son, John Fleming, 
 who was born in 1731. This John Fleming, known in 
 after-life as John Fleming, Sr., resided on a farm a short 
 distance west of Coatesville, where he erected a large stone 
 house, in the gable eod of which is a stone bearing his in- 
 itials and date of erection. He was an officer in the prov- 
 incial service, member of the Constitutional Convention of 
 1776 to frame a constitution for Pennsylvania, and in 
 1778 one of the Representatives from Chester County in 
 the General Assembly. He was one of the patentees of 
 the land belonging to Octorara Church, of which he was an 
 elder as early as 1762. He died Sept. 2, 1814, at the age 
 of eighty-three, having been a church elder fifty-two years. 
 
 John Fleming, Jr., was a son of John Fleming, Sr. He 
 was engaged as a wagon-master in the army during the Rev- 
 olution, and was present at the battle of Brandywine. He 
 became an elder in Upper Octorara Church in 1799, and 
 died in December, 1832. It will be noted that he and 
 his father served as elders in the church at the same time, 
 about fifteen years. 
 
 Another son of John Fleming, Sr., was the ancestor of 
 John Fleming, who was for many years an associate judge 
 of Lycoming County, and of Gen. Robert Fleming, of 
 Williamsport, a leading lawyer, who served in the Senate of 
 Pennsylvania and was a member of the Constitutional Con- 
 vention of 1838. Another John Fleming, called, to dis- 
 tinguish him from the others of the same name, " John 
 Fleming of Bast Cain," died June 16, 1830, at the age of 
 sixty-nine years. 
 
 Henry Fleming, Esq., in after-life of West Chester, was 
 a son of John Fleming, Jr., and was born in Sadsbury 
 township. For many years he was acting magistrate, 
 selected by common consent, less for sought-for popularity 
 than for acknowledged private worth, strict integrity, and 
 inflexible character. When a young man he was a volun- 
 teer in the war with England of 1812-14, was made cap- 
 
 tain of a company, marched to Canada with Gen. Brown, 
 was captured and taken to Quebec, where he remained a 
 prisoner of war for the period of eighteen months. Re- 
 turning to his home at West Chester, he carried on the 
 business of a currier, taking a lively interest in all local 
 and public affairs. A man of few words, he was a person 
 of much thought ; he read the newspapers of the day, and 
 few were more familiar with modern and ancient history, 
 with the high virtues of ancient Greece and Rome, of 
 which he was a student and great admirer, evinced as well 
 by his own stern virtues as in the names of his children, 
 among whom we find a Solon, a Marcellus, a Fabius, and 
 a Lucretia. The inspired songster of Israel was not more 
 devoted to sacred music, a science which he cultivated from 
 youth to age. He was one of the founders of the Presby- 
 terian Church of West Chester, of which he was a pillar, 
 and remained a faithful member until, " like a shock of 
 corn fully ripe, he was gathered into the garner." ,He died 
 in 1865, at the age of eighty-two years. His wife was 
 Letitia Parke, a daughter of Joseph Parke, Esq., of Sads- 
 bury township. She died Dec. 20, 1858, in the eightieth 
 year of her age. 
 
 George Fleming, another son of John Fleming, Jr., re- 
 sided in West Brandywine for many years. He was a 
 much-esteemed elder in the Fairview Presbyterian Church. 
 
 The descendants of William Fleming, the original settler, 
 are numerous and widely scattered, but none of them now 
 possess any part of the landed estates of their ancestor. 
 
 FLING, David, of East Bradford, weaver, married Abi- 
 gail, widow of Edward Seed, and daughter of Richard (and 
 Alice ?) Buffington. She died in April, and was buried May 
 1, 1813, in her ninety-second year. The children of David 
 
 and Abigail were Alice, m. McNamee, and went to 
 
 Hagerstown, Md. ; John ; Phebe, b. May, 1755, d. June 
 23, 1748, m. Joseph Baldwin ; Hannah ; David, d. April 
 5, 1844, in his eighty-second year. The father was living 
 in or near Bradford in 1737. James Fling, a grandson, 
 died near Marshallton, Jan. 30, 1873, and from an obituary 
 notice which soon after appeared we take the following : 
 
 He was born Oct. 24, 1801, and lived with his parents on a farm in 
 East Bradford township, on the Brandywine, near Seeds* Bridge, dur- 
 ing a period of thirty-five years. When quite a boy he showed strong 
 desires to learn and become a mathematician. He was sent to school 
 in the winter season, helping his father on the farm at other seasons, 
 yet any leisure moments he might have while thus engaged were taken 
 advantage of, and for the tim« being his slate and pencil were his only 
 friends. Were these not accessible, he could frequently be found 
 chalk in hand busily engaged in solving some knotty question in al- 
 gebra, the barn-floor being a substitute for the slate, while his team 
 took their noon-rest underneath. Through his powerful and deter- 
 mined efforts, together with the assistance of such teachers as Joseph 
 Strode, Jonathan Gause, and Moses Gheyney, he became one of the best 
 mathematicians in our county. Through the winter, and sometimes 
 in the summer seasons, he taught school during a period of forty years. 
 In 1836 he and his father moved to a little property about a quarter of a 
 mile south of this village, and made this his home during the remainder 
 of hia life. He taught school at one time in Delaware County, at 
 Hockessin, in Delaware State, and in our county in Qoshen township, 
 at West Chester, Unionville, Bomansrille, Locust Grove, and Mar- 
 shallton, in the latter place for nineteen years. As a teacher be pos- 
 sessed rare qualifications j he was but little known, however, outside 
 of his schools and neighborhood, except as surveyor; his extreme 
 modesty and simplicity of manners not being calculated to gain the 
 notice and favor of the great mass of mankind, who can appreciate 
 nothing unless the exterior be finely olad and highly polished. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 551 
 
 FLOWER, Richard, son of Richard and Mary, born, 
 it is supposed, in Leicestershire, England, married Abigail 
 Harlan, 12, 17, 1724-5, daughter of Michael and Dinah 
 Harlan, of Londongrove, where they settled. Richard died 
 about the year 1748, and his widow several years later. 
 Their children were Thomas, b. 10, 27, 1725, d. unmar- 
 ried, 8th mo., 1755 ; Mary, b. 10, 14, 1727, m. Isaac Starr 
 and Samuel Sharp ; Richard, b. 7, 3, 1730, m. 9, 25, 1754, 
 Alice Harlan; Dinah, b. 10, 27, 1732, d. 11th mo., 1758. 
 Dinah Flower, daughter of Richard and Alice, married 
 Abraham Sharpless. 
 
 FORRESTER, Ralph, from Ireland, married Tamer 
 Gregory, daughter of John and Mary Gregory, of Cain 
 township, and lived several years on the farm of John 
 Haines, in what is now West Chester, as mentioned in Jo- 
 seph Townsend's sketch, p. 212. Their children were as 
 follows: Ezekiel, b. 4, 30, 1744, d. 11, 19, 1770; Ralph, 
 b. 3, 28, 1746; Margaret, b. 4, 4, 1749; Mary, b. 1, 10, 
 
 1752, m. Joseph Hoopes ; Tamer, b. 4, 18, 1754, m. 
 
 Brown ; Lydia, b. 2, 10, 1757, m. Fitzgerald ; Aaron, 
 
 b. 2, 22, 1759 ; Ruth, b. 8, 5, 1762, m. Israel Hoopes ; 
 John, b. 10, 15, 1764, d. same day. Among the descend- 
 ants are Robert F. Hoopes, of West Chester, and his son, 
 George R., our present sheriff. 
 
 FORS YTHE, John, one of the best school-teachers that 
 our county has yet been favored with, was a native of the 
 Emerald Isle, born in 1754, and in 1773, at the age of 
 nineteen years, migrated to the land of Penn. His father, 
 John Forsythe, married Margaret Cox, of an English 
 family, and descended from the Stuarts, by whom he had 
 nine children, — John, Jacob, Alexander, William, Eliza- 
 beth, Jane, Catharine, Sarah, and Margaret. 
 
 When the younger John arrived in this Quakerly region 
 he was a gay young Presbyterian, with long sandy hair 
 dressed a la mode, and all his apparel made according to 
 the fashion of the world's people. He had received a good 
 English education, and was, moreover, endowed with a fine 
 musical taste, being an expert performer on the violin. 
 With this seemingly unpropitious outfit for a Quakerly set- 
 tlement (saving and excepting the aforesaid " good educa- 
 tion"), he soon adopted the views and principles of the So- 
 ciety of Friends, which was probably due to his residence 
 in the family of William Kirk, a worthy member of Nant- 
 meal Meeting. His request to be received as a member 
 was presented to Uwchlan Monthly Meeting 1, 4, 1776, 
 and granted in the following month. Removing the same 
 year to the neighborhood of Birmingham, he transferred 
 his right to this meeting, of which he was ever recognized 
 as an exemplary and valuable member. 
 
 As the head and master-spirit of the school at Birming- 
 ham Meeting-house, Chester Co. (under the auspices of 
 the Concord Monthly Meeting), where he taught for many 
 years, and always applied himself diligently to his arduous 
 duties, he accomplished more in exciting a taste for knowl- 
 edge and in developing young intellects than any teacher 
 who had theretofore labored in that hopeful vineyard. He 
 effectually routed the musty old superstitions, prejudices, 
 and benighted notions of preceding generations, and took 
 great delight in introducing youthful genius to the bright 
 fields of literature and science. His juvenile contempora- 
 
 ries who had been committed to his charge, and who subse- 
 quently made any figure in the world, were deeply indebted 
 to the Birmingham schoolmaster for the aid he afforded 
 them in their studies, as well as for the sound doctrines he 
 inculcated. As Philip of Macedon thanked the gods for 
 giving him a son at a time when the boy could profit 
 by the tuition of the Stagirite, so the parents of the 
 Birmingham youths had good reason to be grateful for 
 the privilege of placing their children under the care 
 of John Forsythe. When the noble Quaker institution at 
 Westtown, in this county, was erected (near the close of 
 the last century), the skill and experience of John For- 
 sythe were put in requisition until that hopeful seminary 
 was fairly inaugurated, after which he retired to his com- 
 fortable farm in East Bradford, where he passed a venera- 
 ble old age, until his eighty-seventh year, in superintending 
 agricultural employments, and in manifesting a lively 
 interest in the progress of education among our people. 
 He presided at the first meeting, held in 1811, to promote 
 the establishment of the West Chester Academy, and was 
 one of the generous contributors to that laudable enterprise. 
 No instructor ever labored in this community more faith- 
 fully nor with better effect. None has left a memory more 
 worthy to be kindly cherished. 
 
 John Forsythe, born 6, 11, 1754, died 3, 3, 1840, mar- 
 ried 4, 12, 1781, at Birmingham Meeting, Hannah, daugh- 
 ter of John and Hannah Carter, of East Bradford. They 
 settled on her father's farm and had the following children : 
 John, b. 5, 19, 1783, d. 9, 30, 1870 ; James, b. 7, 1, 1785, 
 d. 3, 9, 1851 ; Hannah, b. 12, 8, 1787, d. 8, 30, 1868, 
 m. Enos Thomas, of Goshen. The sons engaged in the 
 iron business, and built Thorndale RoUing-Mill, but the 
 business was not profitable at that time. 
 
 Jane, a sister of the emigrant John, married Richard 
 McCammon and came to this country. They had two 
 children, — Margaret and Jane. The last died in her twenty- 
 first year, and was buried at Birmingham. Margaret was 
 born 5, 13, 1790, and married William Marshall, of Ken- 
 net. 
 
 FOULKE. — The writer of the following sketch died in 
 1741, aged eighty-eight years and five months, and was 
 buried at Gwynedd. His descendants, of various names, 
 are numerous in Chester County : 
 
 " I, Edward Fouike, was the son of Foulke Thomas, the son of 
 Evan, the son of Robert, the son of David Lloyd, the son of David, 
 the son of Evan Vaughan, the son of Griffith the son of Madock, the 
 son of Jerworth, the son of Madock the son of Ririd blaidd of the 
 Poole, who was Lord of Penllyn, one of the northern divisions of 
 Wales. 
 
 " My mother's name was Lowry, the daughter of Edward the son of 
 David, the son of Ellis, the son of Robert, of the Parish of Llanvor, 
 in Merionethshire. 
 
 " I was born on the 13th day of the 6th Month, Anno Domini 1651, 
 and when arrived to mature age, I married Eleanor, the daughter of 
 Hugh, the son of Cadwallader, the son of Rees of the Parrish of Spy- 
 ter, in Derbyshire. Her mother's name was Gwen, the daughter of 
 Ellis, the son of William, the son of Hugh, the son of Thomas, the 
 son of David, the son of Madock, the son of Evan the son of Cott, 
 the son of Evan, the son of Griffith, the son of Madock, the son of 
 Enion, the son of Meredith of Cawvadook ; and was born in the same 
 parish and shire with her husband. 
 
 " I had, by my said wife, nine children, to wit : four sons and five 
 daughters; — whose names were as foUoweth, viz.: Thomas, Hugh, 
 Cadwallader, and Evan ; Gwen, Grace, Jane, Catherine, and Margaret. 
 
552 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 " We lived at a place called Coodyfoelj a farm belonging to Roger 
 Price, Esq., of Bhewlass in Merionethshire aforesaid. But in pro- 
 cess of time, I had an inclination to remove thence with my family, 
 to the province of Pennsylvania, and in order thereto we set out 
 on the 3d day of the 2d Month (April) Annoque Domini, 1698, and 
 came in two days to Liverpool where, with divers others who intended 
 to go the voyage, we took shipping the 17th of the same month, on 
 board the ' Robert and Elizabeth ;' and the next day set sail for Ireland, 
 where we arrived and stayed, until the 1st of the 3d Month (May), 
 and thence again sailed for Pennsylvania, and were about eleven 
 weeks at sea, and the sore distemper of the bloody flux broke out in 
 the vessel, of which died five and forty persons in our passage. The 
 distemper was so mortal that two or three corpse were cast over every 
 day while it lasted. But through the favor and mercy of Divine 
 -Providence, I with my wife and nine children, escaped that sore mor- 
 tality, and arrived safe at Philadelphia, about the 17th of 6th Month 
 (July) ; where we were kindly received and entertained by our Friends 
 and old acquaintance, until I purchased a tract of about seven hun- 
 dred acres of land about sixteen miles from Philadelphia, on a part of 
 which I settled. And divers others of our company who came over 
 sea together, settled near me about the same time j which was the be- 
 ginning of November, 1698, aforesaid; and the township was named 
 Gwynedd or North Wales. 
 
 " This account was written the 14th of 11th Month, (January) a.d. 
 1702, by Edward Foulke." 
 
 which he purchased, with fifty acres of land, to which he 
 afterwards added twenty-five. Here he remained, farming, 
 until 1860, when he removed to Spring City (then Spring- 
 ville), to engage in the manufacture of stoves, under the 
 firm-name of Smith, Francis & Wells. He was a director 
 of the Phoenixville National Bank for nearly ten years. In 
 1866 he again embarked in the stove-foundry business at 
 Koyer's Ford, under the firm-name of Francis, Buckwalter 
 & Co. In 1869 he was elected chief burgess, and was in- 
 strumental, in 1872, in procuring the charter for a national 
 bank at Spring City, which soon organized with him as its 
 president, which position he has ever since held. He was 
 the means of having the name of the post-office and bor- 
 ough of Springville changed to Spring City. He has 
 served repeatedly as school director, borough treasurer ; a 
 director in the Royer's Ford Bridge Association, and is a 
 member, with his family, of the Reform Church. He is a 
 good business man, safe and careful in his management, 
 and is highly esteemed in the community as a public- 
 spirited citizen of integrity and honor. 
 
 Uii^hjLa. i/ 7^ 
 
 ^tM/VLCJLf 
 
 FRANCIS, Casper S The Francis family, of Swedish 
 
 descent, was early found in Montgomery County, where 
 lived Thomas Francis. His son Joseph married Susannah 
 Snyder, whose grandfather was an emigrant from Grermany. 
 They had six sons and a daughter, of whom Casper S. was 
 the second son and child. He was born in East Pikeland 
 township, Aug. 31, 1811. He worked on the farm until 
 his eighteenth year, and was engaged at millwright and 
 carpenter work until 1836, when (September 20th) he was 
 married to Martha Finkbiner. In the spring of 1837 he 
 moved to the mill formerly belonging to Frederick Yost, 
 
 FRAZER, Persipoe, son of John Frazer, who came 
 from Scotland, was born near Newtown Square, Aug. 9, 
 1736. While yet a child his parents removed to Philadel- 
 phia, and when he grew up he was engaged in various 
 active pursuits, as iron-works and mercantile business. He 
 was one of the signers with the Philadelphia merchants of 
 the pledge against the purchase and use of British goods 
 when the difficulties with the mother-country began. 
 
 Oct. 2, 1766, he married Mary, daughter of John and 
 Sarah (Worrall) Taylor, a lady remarkable for her intelli- 
 gence, patriotic spirit, and energy of character. She. was 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 553 
 
 descended from the Taylors of Chester, early and distin- 
 guished immigrants, one of whom (Dr. John, her grand- 
 father) was a respectable physician, an iron-master, and 
 large landed proprietor, and his uncle (Jacob) a well-known 
 astronomer and almanac-maker in the days of " Poor 
 Richard." 
 
 Soon after his marriage Persifor Frazer removed to the 
 farm inherited by Mrs. Frazer, in Thornbury township, 
 where, in addition to agriculture, he became concerned in 
 iron-works on Chester Creek. 
 
 In December, 1774, we find him taking part in the po- 
 litical meetings of Chester County to counteract the op- 
 pressive measures of Great Britain. 
 
 In January, 1775, he was a delegate to the Provincial 
 Convention. The proceedings were unanimous, and one of 
 the first resolutions adopted was — in opposition to the 
 policy of the mother-country — " to procure a law prohibiting 
 the future importation of Slaves into this Province." 
 
 In the beginning of the year 1776 a fourth battalion, 
 or regiment, of Pennsylvania troops was organized, to be 
 commanded by Anthony Wayne, of Chester County, as 
 colonel, Francis Johnston, of Chester County, as lieutenant- 
 colonel, and Nicholas Hausecker, of Lancaster County, as 
 major. The regiment consisted of eight companies, with 
 the following-named captains : Persifor Frazer, Thomas 
 Robinson, of Chester County; John Lacey, of Bucks 
 County ; Caleb North, of Chester County ; Thomas Church, 
 of Lancaster County ; Frederick Vernon, James Moore, 
 James Taylor, of Chester County. 
 
 These were severally commissioned by the Continental 
 Congress, Jan. 5, 1776. 
 
 Capt. Frazer was in his fortieth year when he entered the 
 military service of his country, affording a fair presumption 
 that he had maturely pondered his daties as a patriot. 
 
 The campaign of 1776 was passed by the Fourth Regi- 
 ment at or near the fortress of Ticonderoga, on the Cana- 
 dian frontier, during which (viz., September 24th) Capt. 
 Frazer was appointed major, vice Hausecker, promoted. 
 
 In the spring of 1777 the Fourth Regiment — now in 
 the brigade of Gen. Wayne — began its march towards Penn- 
 sylvania, and after some delay as a corps of observation in 
 New Jersey, the brigade arrived at the camp, near Wil- 
 mington, Del., September 4th. On Brandywine battle-day 
 (Sept. 11, 1777) Gen. Wayne, with his command, was 
 stationed near Chads' Ford until the retreat of the American 
 troops from the principal battle-ground, near Birmingham 
 Meeting-house, when the Americans retired to Chester, 
 and the British halted at Dilworthstown until the 16th. 
 
 Four days after the battle Majs. Frazer and Harper, 
 while on a reconnoitring party, were captured by the 
 enemy, and taken to the prison in Philadelphia when that 
 city fell into the hands of the British. 
 ' Nov. 12, 1777, Maj. Frazer was commissioned lieuten- 
 ant-colonel of the Fifth Pennsylvania Regiment, to take 
 rank from Oct. 1, 1776, by resolution of Congress, then 
 sitting at York, Pa. 
 
 The rigorous treatment of the American prisoners con- 
 fined in the new jail in Philadelphia rendered it necessary, 
 when practicable, that their families or friends should sup- 
 ply them with provisions and clothing to keep them from 
 70 
 
 perishing. Mrs. Frazer and others were most exemplary 
 in performing those duties. A pass from Lord Stirling is 
 still preserved by the family, in the following words : 
 
 " Permit Mrs. Prazier, Mrs. Harper, and Miss Nancy Frazier to 
 pass to Philadelphia and to return. This pass to continue for eight 
 days after General Howe's Army returns into the City of Phila- 
 delphia. , " Stirling M. Q." 
 
 "December 27, 1777." 
 
 After being some time a prisoner in the new jail. Col. 
 Frazer was nominally allowed to go at large in the city on 
 parole ; but the terms of the parole were so rudely violated 
 by the British officers that on March 17, 1778 (St. Patrick's 
 day, while the Irish sentinels were drunk), he made his 
 escape and rejoined the army, gallantly performing his duty 
 in the battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778. 
 
 In the autumn of 1778, Col. Frazer having requested 
 permission to retire from the service, his resignation was 
 accepted October 9th in that year, on which occasion the 
 following letter was addressed to him by his old commander, 
 Gen. Wayne : 
 
 " Feedericksbueh, 13th Octo'r, 1778. 
 
 " Dear Sir, — It is with real concern that I part with a gentleman 
 who has more than shared the dangers and fatigues of war with me; 
 but, as you must have maturely considered the matter previous to 
 your resignation, I can only wish you a safe arrival and a happy 
 sight of your expecting friends. 
 
 "At the same time I can't help expressing my regret at the loss of 
 an officer who, in every vicissitude of fortune and upon every occa- 
 sion, has proved himself the friend of his country, the gentleman, and 
 the soldier. 
 
 " Adieu, my dear sir, and believe me, with every sentiment of es- 
 teem, yours most affectionately, 
 
 "Anty Wayne. 
 
 "LIEDT.-COL. Fbazer." 
 
 In April, 1780, Col. Frazer was appointed commissioner 
 of purchases of army clothing for Chester County, and al- 
 though urged by Gen. Wayne to accept the office, he de- 
 clined it. In the years 1781, 1782, and 1784 he was elected 
 to the Legislature, and in May, 1782, he was appointed 
 a brigadier-general of the militia of Pennsylvania. 
 
 In 1786 and 1790, Gen. Frazer was appointed register 
 and recorder for Chester County, in which offices he de- 
 parted this life, April 24, 1792, and his remains were in- 
 terred in the burial-ground of Middletown Presbyterian 
 Church, Delaware County. 
 
 He was the grandfather of Gen. Persifor F. Smith, 
 U.S.A., of Hon. P. Frazer Smith, Esq., of West Chester, 
 and of Prof. John F. Frazer, of the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania, now deceased. 
 
 FRED, John, " late of Ireland, produced a certificate 
 for himselfe & family from the Monthly Meeting of Car- 
 low, bearing date the 25th day of the 12th mo., 1712-13, 
 to the satisfaction of this meeting & Nicholas & Rachel, 
 son & Daughter of John Fred, came clear in relation to 
 marriage." This certificate was presented to Concord 
 Monthly Meeting 5, 13, 1713, at which time Benjamin 
 Fred, son of John, also presented one, dated 11, 21, 1712. 
 The latter returned to Ireland on business in 1713, and 
 remained perhaps a year. 
 
 John Fred died in March, 1719-20, and his widow in 
 1723, in Birmingham, where they had settled. 
 
 Benjamin married, 4, 20, 1721, Deborah, daughter of 
 Simon Hadly, of New Castle County, and removed to New 
 
554 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Garden township, where he died in 1752, leaving no chil- 
 dren. His sister Rachel married, 4, 20, 1721, James Mil- 
 ler, son of Gayen and Margaret, of Kennet, and after liis 
 death married James Miller, son of James and Catharine. 
 
 Nicholas Fred married, about 1720, Ann Need, daugh- 
 ter of Joseph Need, of Darby. He lived in Birmingham, 
 and was interested in a mill there. His widow died at the 
 residence of William Hunt, 2, 7, 1770, and was buried at 
 Concord. The children of Nicholas and Ann, so far as 
 known, were Mary, m. William McCall ; John, m. to 
 Susanna Hope; Joseph ; Sarah, m. 10, 25, 1753, to Wil- 
 liam Hunt ; Catharine, m. to Davis. 
 
 Joseph Fred was married, 10, 18, 1753, to Sarah, 
 daughter of Joshua Hadly, then of Virginia. He removed 
 to the neighborhood of New Garden, and had the following 
 children: Mary, b. 10, 10, 1754; Ann, b. 11, 18, 1755; 
 Benjamin, b. 11, 13, 1757; Joseph, b. 3, 23, 1759; 
 
 born in 1724 ; he died in 1799, and she in 1757. Their 
 son John married Catharine Grumbacher, from which union 
 was born Jacob Frick. He married Mary Sower, daughter 
 of David, and granddaughter of Christopher Sauer.* 
 
 To Jacob and Mary (Sower) Frick were born eight 
 children, of whom three survive. Of these, John Frick 
 was born April 26, 1811, and was the eldest child. He 
 moved with his parents, when two years old, to the farm he 
 now owns, and on which he has ever since resided. Feb. 
 4, 1836, he married Mira Beinhart, daughter of Daniel 
 Beinhart, to whom were born four children, — one daughter 
 died in infancy; Harriet Emily (deceased), married to 
 Bev. A. J. Bowland, pastor of Tenth Baptist Church, 
 Philadelphia; Ann Sarah, and Isabella B. Mr. Frick 
 taught school in his younger days ; was many years a sur- 
 veyor, and still occasionally does surveying when called 
 upon. Farming has been his general avocation. He is a 
 
 '^(/n/ /> 
 
 Joshua, b. 11, 25, 1761 ; Thomas, b. 3, 13, 1763; Nich- 
 olas, b. 8, 9, 1765. 
 
 FBICK, JoHN.^The Frick family is of Swiss origin, 
 being among the early German emigrants of the Baptist 
 persuasion who settled along the Schuylkill in Chester and 
 Montgomery Counties. Jacob Frick, September, 1733, 
 came over on the " Pennsylvania," merchantman, of Lon- 
 don, John Stedman, master, from Rotterdam. He, with 
 his brother John, settled one mile east of Pottstown, and 
 later removed to Chester Valley, two miles from Valley 
 Forge, where they lived during the Revolutionary war, near 
 the scene of the Paoli massacre, and on their farm the Brit- 
 ish and Hessians encamped after the battle of Brandywine. 
 Jacob Frick, born 1717, married Elizabeth Urner, who was 
 
 -//, 
 
 Xj 
 
 member of the German Baptist or Brethren Church. He 
 has frequently served as a school director, and ever taken a 
 deep interest in the progress of the free schools. He is a 
 worthy citizen, and a lineal descendant of a noted ancestry. 
 
 * Christopher Sauer was born in 1693, and came to America in the 
 fall of 1724, from Eaasphe, in Witgenstein, Germany, and proceeded 
 to Sermantown, now part of Philadelphia. He was a man of great 
 note in the printing and publishing business. He published, in 1743 
 u, magnificent quarto edition of the Bible in the German language, 
 and no copy of the Bible in English was printed in America until 
 many years afterwards. He was a great scholar, and the pioneer of 
 his day in the publication of books, almanacs, hymn-books, Bibles 
 etc. His son, David Sower, Jjorn in 1764, was a well-educated man] 
 who was many years in the printing business, and published (among 
 other papers) the Norriatown Gazette, the issue of which of Dec. 20 
 1799, contained an elaborate account of Washington's death. 
 
ELI PREDD. 
 
 John Fred, or Fredd, and 
 family came from Ireland and 
 settled in Birmingham town- 
 ship. His son Nicholas was 
 the father of Joseph Fredd, 
 whose son Benjamin was born 
 in 1757, and died April 11, 
 1838. Sarah, wife of Ben- 
 jamin, died March 2, 1843, 
 aged about ninety-three years. 
 Their children were Susanna, 
 born March 24, 1791, and 
 died Oct. 31, 1832; John, 
 born Nov. 27, 1792, and died 
 May 27, 1872; Isaac, born 
 Nov. 16, 1794; Amos, born 
 Feb. 14, 1797, and died Feb- 
 ruary, 1862 ; Elizabeth, born 
 Sept. 6, 1799, and died May 
 29, 1844; Eli; Rachel, born 
 July 31, 1804 ; Sarah, born 
 May 6, 1808, married to 
 William P. Robinson, and 
 died Feb. 1, 1877; and 
 George, bom Feb. 7, 1811, 
 
 ELI EREDD. 
 
 and the only surviving child. 
 Of these, Eli was born Dec. 
 7, 1801, and married Sarah, 
 daughter of Vincent and Mary 
 F. Wiley, born July 30, 1820. 
 Their children were Benjamin 
 Eli and Sallie (twins), born 
 Feb. 10, 1855. The latter 
 died Sept. 29, 1866; the 
 former married Martha Y., 
 daughter of Joshua and 
 Martha Broomell, of East Fal- 
 lowfield township, and has 
 one child, George Benjamin, 
 born Oct. 3, 1879. Benja- 
 min E. has about two hundred 
 acres of finely located land 
 and two sets of buildings. 
 Eli Fredd died March 30, 
 1870, and his wife survives 
 him. He was born in West 
 Marlborough, and was a good 
 farmer, an upright citizen, 
 well esteemed in the commu- 
 nity, and left a fine estate of 
 real and personal property. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF BENJAMIN B. FREDD, EAST FALLO'WFIELD. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 555 
 
 FULTON, James, Jk., was born in East Eallowfield, 
 Chester Co., 4th mo. 8th, 1813. His parents, James and 
 Ann Fulton (of Sadsbury and Kennet respectively), were 
 the first to make their home in what subsequently became 
 the village of Ercildoun, which name it received chiefly 
 through the instrumentality of the son. 
 
 Even in youth the son was distinguished by an inborn 
 sense of right, which, combined with a kind and loving 
 disposition, restrained him from indulging in the rough 
 games and wild pranks peculiar to boyhood. His opportu- 
 nities for obtaining a scholastic education were very meagre, 
 yet he became a remarkably well-educated man. His love 
 of truth and justice were great, and in efforts to vindicate 
 the right he was untiring. He became the peacemaker of 
 his neighborhood. 
 
 While in his minority he identified himself with the friends 
 of total abstinence from intoxicants, and also from tobacco, 
 and thenceforward upheld these testimonies both by pre- 
 cept and example. At the age of fifteen he became a zeal- 
 ous Whig, and took an active part in the campaign of 1828. 
 He was never satisfied to assist any one to a position of 
 trust in the meeting, the county, the State, or the nation 
 who had not given evidence in the past, or a pledge for the 
 future, of a determination to serve the highest interests of 
 mankind. 
 
 There was no form of wrong-doing, however shielded 
 by place or power, that did not receive from him indignant 
 protest. The slave fleeing from Southern bondage found 
 in him a ready helper, as the records of the Underground 
 Railway abundantly testify. 
 
 He was the leader in organizing the East Pallowfield 
 Anti-Slavery Society. The flrst meetings were held in 
 Taylor's school-house, near Newlin's mills, in the summer 
 of 1835. The society dates from 8th mo. 29th of that year. 
 It numbered thirty-four members, and held its meetings 
 quarterly. 
 
 In the winter of 1835 he wrote a series of articles for 
 the West Chester Register in opposition to the coloniza- 
 tion scheme, feeling that it was not an adequate or even an 
 auxiliary remedy for the evils of slavery. 
 
 In the winter of 1836-31 he was engaged in lecturing 
 and securing subscriptions to the anti-slavery publications 
 in southern Chester, Lancaster, and York Counties. In 
 most cases he was granted respectful hearing. 
 
 On the 18th of 12th mo., 1837, he addressed a letter to 
 Henry Clay, suggested by the inquiry, made by the latter 
 in the Senate of Northern members, whether the continued 
 excitement and multitude of petitions did not grow out of 
 the manner in which Congress had treated the petitioners. 
 In this he wrote that " by far the greater body of them 
 have acted from a deep, abiding, thoroughly-flxed and 
 immovably-grounded religious conviction of the sinfulness 
 of slavery, of the constitutional power of Congress over it 
 in the District of Columbia, the Territory of Florida, and 
 over the inter-State slave-trade, and no power on earth 
 can check them in the discharge of their duty in this 
 matter, nor will the petitioning cease, nor will the ' excite- 
 ment' abate until the cause is removed." 
 
 He continued to lecture and write against slavery and 
 intemperance through the succeeding years of his life. 
 
 During the winter of 1839 he held many meetings in Lan- 
 caster and York Counties. At Soudersburg, notwithstand- 
 ing the sheriff threw around him the protection of the law, 
 it was not sufiicient to enable him to proceed ; the meeting 
 was broken up in great confusion, the mob threatening 
 violence to himself and his friends. One who was present 
 writes : " Never in all our knowledge of James Fulton, Jr., 
 did his loving amiability shine out more conspicuously 
 than in his behavior before these vulgar mobs." 
 
 He was subjected to many indignities while pleading the 
 cause of the oppressed, even near his own home. He was 
 insulted, maltreated, pelted with eggs, and on one occasion 
 he and George H. Earle, of Philadelphia, were driven 
 from an adjacent village by the mob with clubs and stones. 
 
 Although prior to 1844 he had been opposed to the 
 formation of an anti-slavery political party, after that date 
 he labored in its interests. 
 
 In the winter of 1844 an anti-slavery meeting, held in 
 the Friends' meeting-house at Ercildoun, was broken up 
 by a mob. Its further use for such meetings was refused. 
 Being also denied access to the school-houses, the friends 
 of freedom, although poor in means, conceived the plan of 
 putting up a free hall. This was warmly seconded by the 
 liberal-minded of various opinions, and resulted in the 
 erection of the " People's Hall," whose use and benefits 
 were untrammeled with conditions of sect, party, clan, or 
 clime. 
 
 The rioters were arrested and tried (February term, 
 1845), and the jury returned a verdict of not guilty, and 
 put the costs upon the prosecution, notwithstanding Judge 
 Bell's charge to the contrary. 
 
 James Fulton was indifferent to no duty of philanthropy, 
 negligent of no obligation arising out of ordinary relations 
 of life, and was as diligent in labor as he was fervent in 
 spirit. Though born and educated in a secluded condition, 
 and courting and enjoying retirement, his thoughts and 
 aspirations bounded to the remotest verge of his country. 
 Bred to the occupation of the farmer, he ever turned the 
 furrow of thought as his plowshare was turning the furrow 
 of the field. His life was one unbroken toil of both body 
 and mind. He was one of the most active and efficient of 
 those who have made Chester County famous for its re- 
 form spirit throughout the nation. He died Aug. 24, 
 1850. 
 
 The last public measure in which he took part was the 
 securing of a daily mail to his vicinity, obtained, after per- 
 sistent effort, a few months before his death. 
 
 John Fulton, an emigrant from the north of Ire- 
 land, and of Scotch descent, came about 1750, and settled 
 near Oxford, Pa. He was a captain in the patriot army 
 during the American Revolution. His son James was the 
 father of James J. Fulton, who married Nancy A. Ramsey. 
 To them were born four sons — William T., Joseph M., 
 James, and Hugh R., the latter an attorney in Lancaster 
 — and two daughters, — Rachel and Jane, both deceased in 
 their infancy. 
 
 William T. Fulton was born in West Nottingham, 
 Feb. 27, 1835, on the place where his grandfather had 
 located. He was educated in the common schools, and 
 later at the Jordan Bank Academy. He engaged in farm- 
 
556 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ing, then learned the blacksmithing trade, and later taught 
 school some two years. He read law with " the Great 
 Commoner," Hon. Thaddeus Stevens, and afterwards with 
 Hon. J. Smith Futhey. He was admitted to the bar May 
 13, 1861. He settled at Oxford. In August and Sep- 
 tember, 1861, he helped to recruit Company B, Purnell 
 Legion, Maryland Itjfantry, made up of the bordermen of 
 Pennsylvania and Maryland. He was captain of the com- 
 pany until August, 1862, when he was promoted to be ma- 
 
 Bank, and associate counsel of the Philadelphia and Balti- 
 more Central Railroad. He gives his full time and atten- 
 tion to the practice of his profession, in which he has been 
 successful. He is a public-spirited citizen, and his influence 
 is largely felt in all measures for the public good. 
 
 Dr. James Fulton, brother of the last named, and son 
 of James J. and Nancy (Ramsey) Fulton, was born Nov. 
 12, 1832. He was educated at the public schools of the 
 neighborhood, at the academy of Evan Pugh, at Delaware 
 
 M7.^a£^ 
 
 jor of the regiment, and was subsequently discharged on 
 account of physical disability. After leaving the army he 
 resumed the practice of his profession, which he continued 
 until the invasion of the State by Lee in 1863, when he 
 volunteered in the State service to repel the invaders. He 
 was elected justice of the peace in 1863, re-elected in 
 1868, and again in 1873, resigning Nov. 1, 1876, to accept 
 a seat in the Legislature, to which he was that year elected, 
 and to which he was re-elected in 1878. In the Legisla- 
 ture he was a member of many important committees, 
 among which were those of Judiciary, general and local, and 
 of Federal Relations, of which latter he was chairman. He 
 is a stanch Republican and very active in politics. In 1865 
 he was married to Hannah A., daughter of Joseph Kirk, 
 of West Nottingham, and in 1876 to Annie E. Neeper, 
 of Oxford. By his first wife he had two children, Kirk 
 and Annie E., and by his second marriage one daughter, 
 Jennie. 
 
 He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and 
 one of its trustees ; also belongs to Fairview Lodge, No. 
 334, I. 0. O. F. ; is a director in the Oxford National 
 
 College (Newark, Del.), and at Jefferson Medical College, 
 Philadelphia. He read medicine four years with^Dr. 
 Thomas H. Thompson, beginning in 1855 and graduating 
 in 1859, when he began practicing his profession at Jenner- 
 ville, this county. After two years he went into the army 
 as assistant surgeon of the 143d Regiment Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, which position he held until his resignation, 
 April 4, 1864. He was captured at the battle of Gettys- 
 burg, in the first day's fight, when the Union forces were 
 driven back through the town, and reported to Gen. A. P. 
 Hill, who directed him to go back of the hospital and do 
 the best he could for the sick and wounded. In this battle 
 it was his duty to provide food and shelter for the sick and 
 wounded,— a difficult thing to do when the wounded were 
 within the enemy's lines, and the trains with the provisions 
 far to the south of the town. He tried begging from 
 house to house, but this was an exceedingly slow operation, 
 as the enemy had exhausted the supply before the battle 
 came on. In looking around he found bakers and bakeries, 
 but no flour. Upon consulting some of the rebel officers 
 they advised him to visit Gen. Ewell, stating they had 
 
BIOQKAPHICAL AND aENEALOGICAL. 
 
 557 
 
 DR. JAMES FULTON. 
 
 plenty of flour in their trains, and that he would willingly 
 supply all needed. He accordingly visited Gen. Ewell, 
 finding a sharp-visaged little man, enjoying a good break- 
 fast on a bridge to the east of the town. He promised a 
 supply of flour, and sent him back to duty happy in the 
 thought of being soon able to provide food for the poor 
 fellows who were Bu£fering with hunger. This was on the 
 morning of the third day of the battle. It is enough to 
 say that the meal did not come, as at the time Dr. Fulton 
 was talking with him the flour was getting away to " Old 
 Virginia" as fast as the rebel teams could take it. After 
 leaving the general and coming back to town, he told a 
 baker what he had done, when the latter asked him if 
 there was any assurance that a person would get paid if 
 they furnished something in the line of provisions. The 
 doctor told him he certainly would be paid, and he would 
 give him vouchers. He then said that he had sixteen bar- 
 rels of crackers which he would sell, and immediately pro- 
 ceeded to loosen the boards of the garret of his shop, and 
 brought down the crackers. The doctor procured a guard, 
 and had them taken to the different hospitals. They served 
 a good purpose until the enemy retreated, when provisions 
 poured in plentifully from all sides. Thus while the Union 
 army was manfully struggling to hold its position to the 
 south of the town, on Cemetery Hill, Bound Top, and 
 Gulp's Hill, the doctor was busily engaged in trying to 
 keep the wounded of the first day's fight from suffering 
 with hunger. The doctor is a learned and skillful physi- 
 cian, enjoying in an eminent degree the confidence of the 
 community and the esteem of the medical world. 
 
 He married. May 16, 1861, Anna M. Johnson, by whom 
 he has had the following children : Rebecca, James, Mary, 
 Carrie, William, and Gertrude. He is a member of the 
 
 Oxford Medical Society, of the Chester County Medical 
 Society (of which he has been president), and is now the 
 examining surgeon of the government for the pension de- 
 partment in this county. He belongs to the F. and A. M. 
 and I. 0. 0. F., in both of which he has been quite prom- 
 inent. 
 
 FUSSELL, Solomon, born in Yorkshire, England, 1704, 
 son of William and Elizabeth Fussell, came to Pennsyl- 
 vania, and settled in Philadelphia about 1721. He mar- 
 ried Susannah Coney, daughter of Jacob Coney and wife 
 Barbara (daughter of William Clinkenbeard). Their son, 
 William Fussell, born 1728-9, married, at Abington, 8, 
 10, 1751, Sarah Longstreth, daughter of Bartholomew and 
 Ann, and about 1761" settled in Chester County; died 
 1803 or 1804 at Phoenixville, and was buried at Pikeland 
 Meeting. Sarah was born 11, 8, 1728-9, and died 9, 21, 
 1800. Their children were Susanna, b. 1, 29, 1753, mar- 
 ried Aaron Dunkin ; Bartholomew, b. 9, 28, 1754, d. 10, 
 17, 1838, near Yellow Springs, Chester Co., aged eighty- 
 four; Solomon, b. 12, 20, 1755, d. 10, 22, 1793. 
 
 Bartholomew Fussell, born in Philadelphia, removed, 
 when young, with his parents to near Phoenixville ; lived 
 also in Montgomery County, and afterwards removed to 
 Maryland and became a member of Little Falls (now 
 Fallston) Monthly Meeting of Friends. In old age he 
 returned with his wife to Chester County ; was for many 
 years an esteemed minister of the. society, and at the time 
 of his death a member of Uwchlan Monthly Meeting, 
 which issued a testimony or memorial concerning him. 
 He married, 6, 6, 1781, Rebecca Bond, daughter of Joseph 
 and Esther (Jeanes) Bond, and granddaughter of Richard 
 and Charity Bond. Esther Jeanes was the daughter of 
 William Jeanes and wife Esther (Brewer), and was one of 
 
558 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 the " first" white children born in Philadelphia. Rebecca 
 Fussell, born 10, 9, 1751, near Kimberton, Chester Co., died 
 3, 4, 1851, nearly one hundred years of age. Their chil- 
 dren were Esther, b. at Hatboro', Pa., 3, 18, 1782, died 
 in Chester County, 2, 18, 1848, m. John Lewis, Jr.; 
 William, b. 6, 30, 1783, d. 6, 4, 1856, m. Jane Foulke; 
 Sarah, b. 9, 10, 1784, d. 8, 11, 1860, m. Thomas P. 
 Jacobs ; Joseph, b. 4, 26, 1787, d. at Fall Creek, Ind., 
 1855 ; Solomon, b. 6, 28, 1789 ; Jacob, b. 2, 7, 1792, 
 d. 8, 7, 1855 ; Bartholomew, b. 1, 9, 1794, d. 1, 14, 1871 ; 
 Rebecca, b. 4, 21, 1796, m. Joseph Trimble. 
 
 William Fussell married, 9, 28, 1809, Jane, daughter of 
 Edward and Elizabeth R. Foulke. Edward Foulke was 
 the son of John, the son of Hugh, the son of Edward and 
 Eleanor Foulke, who came from Wales. 
 
 The children of William and Jane Fussell were Eliza- 
 beth R., Edwin, Esther Ann, Joseph, and Milton. Edwin, 
 born 6, 14, 1813, married his cousin, Rebecca Lewis, 1, 
 20, 1838, and resides in Media. He is the father of 
 Charles Lewis Fussell, an artist, of Philadelphia, whose 
 paintings have been much admired ; also of Dr. Linnaeus 
 Fussell, an active member of the Delaware County Institute 
 of Science. 
 
 Dr. Bartholomew Fussell, born in Chester County, 1, 9, 
 1794, removed in early life to Maryland, where he taught 
 school and read medicine, and where he found means to 
 give Sabbath and private instruction to great numbers of 
 slaves, many of whom, with hundreds of other fugitives of 
 their class, he afterwards protected and assisted at his home 
 in Pennsylvania while on their way to freedom. Laboring, 
 in connection with the late Thomas Garrett, of Wilmington, 
 Del., and with many others, at available points, about two 
 thousand fugitives passed through his hands on their way 
 to freedom, and among these he frequently had the delight 
 of welcoming some of his old Sabbath-school pupils. The 
 mutual recognition was sometimes touching in the extreme. 
 
 In later life his anecdotes and reminiscences, told in the 
 vivid style resulting from a remarkably retentive memory, 
 which could recall word, tone, and, gesture, brought to life 
 some of the most interesting of his experiences with these 
 fleeing bondmen, whose histories no romance could ever 
 equal. 
 
 After his graduation in medicine, being at one time 
 called upon to deliver an address before the Medical So- 
 ciety of Baltimore, in the midst of a pro-slavery audience 
 and before slave-holding professors and men of authority, 
 Dr. Fussell, with a courage scarcely to be comprehended 
 at this late day, denounced " the most preposterous and 
 cruel practice of slavery as replete with the causes of dis- 
 ease," and expressed the hope that the day would come 
 " when slavery and cruelty should have no abiding-place in 
 the whole habitable earth ; when the philosopher and the 
 pious Christian could use the salutation of ' brother,' and 
 the physician and divine be as one man ; when the rich 
 and the poor should know no distinction ; the great and 
 the small be equal in dominion, and the arrogant master 
 and his menial slave should make a truce of friendship with 
 each other, all following the same law of reason, all guided 
 by the light of Truth." 
 
 He was one of the signers of the " Declaration of Sen- 
 
 timents," issued by the American Anti-Slavery Society in 
 1833, and he had the gratification of attending the last 
 meeting of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society, called 
 to celebrate the downfall of slavery in America, and for the 
 dissolution of an organization whose purpose was effected. 
 
 But it was not slavery alone which occupied the thoughts 
 and attention of this large-hearted man. He was well 
 known as an advocate of common-school education, of tem- 
 perance, and of every other interest which, in his view, 
 pertained to the welfare of man. 
 
 As a practitioner of medicine he was eminently success- 
 ful, his intense sympathy with suffering seeming to elevate 
 his faculties and give them unwonted vigor in tracing the 
 hidden causes of disease, and in suggesting to his mind 
 alleviating agencies. His patients felt an unspeakable 
 comfort in his presence, well knowing that the best possible 
 remedy which his knowledge, his judgment, or his experi- 
 ence suggested would be selected, let the diflSculty or in- 
 convenience to himself be what it would. 
 
 He believed in woman as only a thoroughly good man 
 can, and from early youth he had been impressed with her 
 peculiar fitness for the practice of medicine. In the year 
 1840 he gave regular instruction to a class of ladies, and 
 it was through one of these pupils that the first female 
 graduate in America was interested in the study of medi- 
 cine. In 1846 he communicated to a few liberal-minded 
 professional men a plan for the establishment of a college 
 of the highest grade for the medical education of women. 
 This long-cherished plan, hallowed to him by the approba- 
 tion of a beloved wife, was well received. Others, with 
 indomitable zeal, took up the work, and finally, after a suc- 
 cession of disappointments and discouragements from causes 
 within and without, the Woman's College, on North College 
 Avenue, Philadelphia, starting from the germ of his thought, 
 entered on the career of prosperity it is so well entitled to 
 receive. Though never at any time connected with the 
 college, he regarded its success with the most affectionate 
 interest, considering its establishment as one of the most 
 important results of his life.* 
 
 Dr. Fussell married first, 5, 26, 1826, Lydia Morris, 
 daughter of Morris and Jerusha (Whitton) Morris, born 
 7, 13, 1804, at Fox Chase, Montgomery Co., died 7, 3, 
 1840. He married second, 2, 9, 1841, widow Rebecca C. 
 Hewes, daughter of Edward and Rebecca (Peirce) Church- 
 man, born 12, 13, 1804. He died at the residence of his 
 son. Dr. Morris Fussell, in West Pikeland, near Chester 
 Springs, at the age of seventy-six years. 
 
 FUTHEY.— The Futheys are of Scotch origin. Their 
 home in the seventeenth century was near Arbroath, in the 
 county of Forfar, on the eastern coast of Scotland, where 
 they owned lands bearing the same name. The family was 
 prominent and influential, Alexander Futbey and Henry 
 Futhey being members of the old Scottish Parliament in 
 the reign of Charles II., while others of them filled positions 
 of trust and honor. 
 
 Robert Futhey emigrated from Scotland to the north of 
 Ireland in the latter part of the seventeenth century, and 
 settled in Belfast. He had a son Robert, who between the 
 
 * See " Genealogy of Dawson Family," by C. C. Dawson. 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 559 
 
 years 1725 and 1Y30 came with his family to America, 
 and settled in the southern part of Chester Co., Pa. He 
 died soon after his arrival, leaving four children, — Robert, 
 Samuel, Margery, and Henry. Eobert removed to the 
 Cumberland Valley, in that part of it now Franklin County, 
 about the year I'I'ZO, and his descendants are numerous in 
 Western Pennsylvania, and in some of the Western and 
 Southern States. Henry removed to the western part of 
 North Carolina, in the neighborhood of Charlotte, at a 
 time when there was an extensive emigration of Scotch- 
 Irish from Pennsylvania to that region. He has descend- 
 ants in North and South Carolina. Samuel was born in 
 1725, and during his earlier years, after arriving in this 
 country, resided in Londonderry township, Chester Co. 
 In January, 1750, he married Ruth, daughter of Samuel 
 Steele, of New London township. In 1763 he purchased 
 and removed to a farm of over two hundred acres in West 
 
 in the proceedings of the Council of his having delivered 
 into the Continental stables horses purchased by him for 
 the use of the army. In August, 1777, the Council ap- 
 pointed persons to take an account of all the wheat, flour, 
 grain, and other stores in the county of Chester, and for 
 the purpose of billeting and providing for the poor that 
 might be removed out of the city of Philadelphia, and 
 Thomas Heslep and Samuel Futhey were appointed to per- 
 form that duty for East and West Fallowfield townships. 
 The following letter, addressed to him, and written during 
 the Revolution, is interesting as showing the depreciated 
 state of the paper currency in circulation : 
 
 "Mr. Samuel Futhey: The mare you bougtt at my vendue,- she 
 stood you in £1625, and out of that you paid 3970 dollars, and there 
 is returned to me 170 dollars counterfeits, which I have left in the hands 
 of Mr. John Heaslet to give to you, and if you will please to strike 
 the balance you will much oblige your friend and humble servant, 
 
 "Tristram Mooee." 
 
 ROBERT PUTHET. 
 
 Fallowfield (now Highland) township, a portion of which 
 is still occupied by some of his descendants. During the 
 Revolution he was an ardent Whig, as, indeed, were all 
 those of Scotch-Irish lineage. He had the reputation of 
 being a very superior judge of horses, so much so that 
 persons about purchasing came to him from considerable 
 distances to obtain his judgment. He was employed by the 
 Supreme Executive Council to purchase horses for the use 
 of the Continental army. In the proceedings of the 
 Council of the date of April 1, 1778, as given in the Co- 
 lonial Records, is the following entry : " An order was 
 drawn on the treasurer in favor of Stephen Cochran for the 
 sum of two thousand pounds,, to be by him paid to Samuel 
 Futhey, of the county of Chester, to purchase horses with to 
 mount the cavalry, agreeably to the request of the commit- 
 tee of Congress, now at Camp;" Frequent mention is made 
 
 He held slaves under the laws of Pennsylvania. In ac- 
 cordance with an act of Assembly of 1780 for the gradual 
 abolition of slavery, he made the following return to the 
 office of the clerk of courts of the slaves owned by him at 
 that date, viz. ; 
 
 " Samuel Futhey, of West Fallowfield, returns : 
 
 "No. 1. A mulatto woman, named Jinn, aged twenty years, a slave 
 for life. 
 
 " No. 2. A mulatto girl, named Dinah, aged one year and three 
 months, a slave for life." 
 
 He died Jan. 27, 1790, and was buried in the family 
 burial-ground at New London. As a curious item it may 
 be added that in the appraisement of his estate his slaves 
 were valued as follows: Jinn, at £30 ; Sal, at £7 10s. ; and 
 Jenny, at £5. Their order in the inventory is between the 
 black horse and the grindstone. He left two children to 
 
560 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 survive him, — Ann, born Nov. 2, 1750, and Samuel, born 
 Sept. 1, 1753. A son, Robert, served in the army in the 
 Revolution, and was in the disastrous battle of Three 
 Rivers, in Canada, in 1776. He died soon afterwards from 
 the exposures of the service. Two other children, Ann 
 and Francis, died young. Ann Futhey married Samuel 
 Dale in January, 1769, and removed to the BufiFalo Valley, 
 near the present town of Lewisburg, Pa. Samuel Dale 
 became a prominent and influential citizen, and was a 
 member of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania 
 ten years, and of the Senate six years. Their descendants, 
 of various names, are numerous, and have filled influential 
 positions in the State and country. 
 
 Samuel Futhey (2) had considerable taste for mili- 
 tary afiairs, and served five campaigns in the war of the 
 Revolution, and in 1794 he was adjutant of a regiment of 
 cavalry that marched to aid the general governmeot in 
 quelliug what is known as the " Whisky Insurrection," 
 in Western Pennsylvania. He subsequently filled the 
 office of brigade inspector for seven years, and was then 
 and afterwards addressed as Maj. Futhey. In 1782 he 
 married Margaret McPherson, who died in 1784, and in 
 1788 he married Martha Smith. He died Feb. 22, 1812, 
 and was interred at New London. 
 
 Maj. Futhey left five children, — Robert, Jane, Sarah, 
 Samuel, and John S. Robert Futhey was born Jan. 21, 
 1789, and resided on a part of the old homestead farm in 
 West Fallowfield township. He served in the war of 1812 
 -14, and was a member of the Legislature of Pennsylvania 
 in 1841 and 1842. He married Margaret Parkinson, of 
 Carlisle, Pa. He was esteemed as a valuable citizen, and 
 was a peacemaker in his neighborhood, and by his individ- 
 ual influence contributed much in abating asperities and 
 in the settlement of many disputes, which by any other 
 than a mild and temperate course would have ended in liti- 
 gation. He died July 29, 1870. His surviving children 
 are J. Smith, James L., Martha, Elizabeth, and Robert. 
 His eldest son, J. Smith Futhey, is one of the authors of 
 this volume, and since March 1, 1879, has been president 
 judge of the courts of Chester County. 
 
 Samuel Futhey was born Feb. 2, 1794, and owned and 
 occupied the old homestead. His wife was Ann Parkinson, 
 a sister of his brother Robert's wife. He died March 29, 
 1855, leaving three children, — Robert Agnew, Mary A., 
 and Samuel Dale, one of whom, Robert . A., was the first 
 superintendent of public schools of Chester County, and 
 is now cashier of the Parkesburg National Bank. John 
 S. Futhey was born Dec. 20, 1796. He resided for many 
 years in Wrightsville, York Co., and during his later years 
 in West Chester, where he died Aug. 18, 1867. His wife 
 was Juliann, a sister of the late Gen. Samuel P. Heintzel- 
 man. They left no descendants. 
 
 GANDOUETT, Francis, " Doctor in Physick," of Bris- 
 tol, England, came to Philadelphia before 1712. His chil- 
 dren were Solomon, Alexander, Jeremiah, Francis, Mary, and 
 Henrietta. His son Alexander, also a physician, lived in 
 Chester in 1736, and in that year petitioned for a license 
 to sell " Cordiall waters" of his own distillation by small 
 measure, as well as to use it in his practice. There is evi- 
 dence that his practice extended many miles from Chester. 
 
 GARDNER, Carswell, was born in the year 1756. 
 He entered the army of the United States in 1776, in a 
 regiment commanded by Col. Ward, and was taken prisoner 
 by the British on Dorchester Neck, carried to Boston, and 
 confined on board a transport-ship in Boston Harbor. In 
 about six weeks he escaped in one of the cutters of the 
 enemy. This he sold for eighty dollars, which he received 
 in bills of one dollar each, all bearing the head of John 
 Hancock. Soon thereafter he was appointed sergeant of 
 the foot-guard of Gen. Washington. He followed the for- 
 tunes of the general, and was in the battles of Long Island, 
 White Plains, Princeton, and Trenton, and shared in the 
 honor of taking the Hessians at the latter place. His term 
 of service having expired, at the solicitation of Gen. Wash- 
 ington he recruited a troop of horse, which was joined by 
 twenty-two of the foot-guard. When the troop was 
 marched to Morristown, where the army then lay. Gen. 
 Washington made choice of the same twenty-two, together 
 with Mr. Gardner, as his horse-guard, on account of his 
 attachment to them and his confidence in them. They 
 marched with him to various places, and hutted at Valley 
 Forge, sharing great privations during the long and in- 
 clement winter when the army lay at that point. 
 
 At the battle of Germantown Mr. Gardner was the 
 bearer of a fiag of truce, by order of Gen. Washington, to 
 the enemy in Chew's house, commanding them to surren- 
 der, but was not permitted to approach within speaking 
 distance of the house before he was fired upon. He bore a 
 part in the battle of Brandywine ; he was also in the battle 
 of Monmouth, and was the bearer of a dispatch from Gen. 
 Washington to Gen. Lee, the evening before the battle, con- 
 taining orders relative to that battle, which were disobeyed 
 by Gen. Lee, and for which disobedience he was afterwards 
 tried by court-martial and suspended from service. 
 
 He served as a member of the horse-guards until Gen. 
 Washington went to West Point in 1779, when he joined 
 the regiment of light dragoons under the command of Col. 
 William Washington. At the end of his term of service, 
 in 1780, he received an honorable discharge from Col. 
 Washington, with a request that he would engage in the 
 service as a recruiting-officer, which he did. 
 
 At the close of the war he engaged in the peaceful pur- 
 suit of agriculture in New London township, Chester Co., 
 where he spent the remainder of a long life, respected and 
 esteemed by his neighbors. He received a pension from 
 the general government, and died in the year 1842, at the 
 age of eighty-six years. 
 
 GARRETT, John, and Mary, his wife, were the parents 
 of the following children, whose births and baptisms are 
 taken from a Bible printed in 1634 : 
 
 "John garat was borne the 10 day Jaauari 1631 and baptised 
 forteanth. 
 
 " girat was borne the 30 day of Aprlll 1640 baptised the third 
 
 of May. 
 
 " Mari garat was baptised the fifteenth of May 1642. 
 
 " William garat borne 21 of August and baptised the third of Sep- 
 tember 1643. 
 
 " Catren garatt baptised May 26 in the year of our lord god 1646. 
 
 " Thomas Garrat the sonne of John Garratt and Mary his wife was 
 baptised in May the 17, 1649." 
 
 Of these children, WiUiam married Ann Kerke (Kirk ?), 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 561 
 
 •2, 19, 1668, probably at a Friends' meeting, and lived at 
 Harby, in the county of Leicester, until 1684, when he 
 came to Pennsylrania" and settled in Darby. The following 
 memorandum is from the records of Philadelphia Monthly 
 Meeting : 
 
 "William Garret, John Sjnith, Robert Cliffe, & Samuel Levis, 
 Their Certificate was Read in the monthly meeting at Philadelphia 
 and accepted, which was given them by the meeting at Harby in the 
 County of Leicester, the 20th day of y" 5th month, 1684, lib Sub- 
 scribed by Ddw^ Hallam, Henry Brown, John Marriot, Robert Dub- 
 faleday, with seyerall others." 
 
 The certificate was presented at a meeting held at the 
 "Governor's house," in Philadelphia, 9, 4, 1684. 
 
 The children of William and Ann Garratt (as the name 
 is written in the family Bible) were these : Ann, b. at 
 Hosse, 12, 4, 1668, buried 9, 10, 1672 ; Mary, b. at Hose, 
 9th mo., 1670, m. Abel Noble, 1692 ; Samuel, b. at Harby, 
 5, 8, 1672, d. 1, 4, 1743^; Hannah, b. at Harby, 
 4, 23, 1674, m. George Emlen, 1694; Sarah, b. 4, 23, 
 1676, m. Randal Croxson, 2, 8, 1702 ; Alice, b. 4, 24, 
 
 1678, m. Joseph Pcnnell, 2, 8, 1702 ; William, b. 2, 4, 
 
 1679, d. 1, 5, 1726-7 ; Thomas, b. 2d mo., 1681,''died 12th 
 mo., 1716-7 ; John, b. 1, 22, 1685-6, d. 8, 21, 1713. 
 
 Before leaving England, William Garrett and Samuel 
 Levis had jointly purchased 1000 acres of land in Penn- 
 sylvania by deeds of Aug. 9 and 10, 1684. The land was 
 afterwards located in Willistown township. William Garrett 
 was styled a " webster" in the old writings. He appears 
 to have removed to Philadelphia before his death. His 
 wife died there in 1722, and he in 1724. 
 
 Samuel Garrett married, in 1698, Jane, daughter of 
 Robert and Hannah Pennell, of Middletown, born 5, 13, 
 1678, died 6, 27, 1736, and they had the following chil- 
 dren: Mary, b. 4, 7, 1699, m. Thomas Oldman in 1721, 
 and (second) Obadiah Eldridge ; Joseph, b. 2, 25, 1701, m. 
 2, 25, 1722, Mary Sharpless ; Hannah, b. 7, 18, 1704, m. 
 William Lewis in 1728; Samuel, b. 10, 20, 1706, d. 1, 
 19, 1707 ; Samuel (2), b. 8, 22, 1708, d. 1, 29, 1747, 
 m. 9th mo., 1731, Sarah Hibberd ; Nathan, b. 12, 13, 1711 ; 
 James, b. 4, 17, 1714; Thomas, b. 10, 26, 1717 ; Jane, b. 
 4, 20, 1719. 
 
 William Garrett, Jr., married Mary Smith in 1709, and 
 had children, — John, Elizabeth, Isaac, Martha, Joshua, 
 Mary, Hannah, William. Of these, Isaac settled in Wil- 
 listown. 
 
 Thomas Garrett married, in 1704, Rebecca Vernon and 
 settled in Willistown. He left four children, — William, 
 Samuel, Susanna, and Hannah. His widow married Richard 
 Jones, of Goshen. 
 
 Samuel Garrett, Jr., upon his marriage settled in Wil- 
 listown, where he died, leaving four children, and his widow 
 married Amos Yarnall. His children were Josiah, b. 1, 
 21, 1733, d. about 1794, m. Mary Yarnall; Jesse, b. 6, 
 18, 1735, d. 7, 7, 1811, m. Abigail Yarnall; Samuel, b. 
 12, 2, 1742-3, m. Susanna Lewis; Aaron, b. 12, 27, 
 1746, d. 3, 18, 1815, m. Rachel Cox, 11, 30, 1769, 
 daughter of Lawrence and Sarah Cox, of Willistown. She 
 died 2, 4, 1815. 
 
 The children of Aaron and Rachel were Levi, Amos, 
 Aaron, Sarah, Robert, and Mary. Aaron, Jr., married 
 71' ' 
 
 Jane Hoopes, daughter of Jesse and Rachel, and had 
 children.^David, b. 11, 28, 1803, d. 10, 17, 1868, Rachel 
 Y., Betsy, Jesse H., Aaron, and Jane. Of these, only 
 David and Aaron married, and the former lived for several 
 years of the last of his life immediately west of Birming- 
 ham Meeting. 
 
 Robert Garrett, son of Aaron and Jane, married Albina 
 Hoopes, daughter of Jesse and Rachel. His only repre- 
 sentative is his grandson, Albin Garrett. 
 
 There was a George Garrett settled in Whiteland as early 
 as 1722, who, with Ann, his wife, had children, — Ann, b. 
 
 8, 21, 1710, Ellen, Elizabeth, Alice, Thomas, George, 
 William, Mary, and John. They were Friends, but are 
 not known to have been related to tlie Garretts of Darby, 
 Willistown, etc. 
 
 GATCdELL, Elisha, of East Nottingham, was a 
 prominent and active citizen in his day, and had settled in 
 that township prior to 1716. He died at an advanced age 
 in the winter of 1753-54, and his widow, Rachel, about 
 1760. They became Friends after their arrival in this 
 country. Their children were Sarah, m. to Andrew Job, 
 
 9, 24, 1726 ; Elizabeth, m. 9, 24, 1726, to Thomas Hughes, 
 and again, to Edward Mitchell ; Abigail, m. 10, 24, 1747, 
 to Enoch Job, and again, to John Price ; Elisha, m. 8, 3, 
 1733, to Mary, daughter of Henry Worley ; Hannah, m. 
 to Joshua Brown ; Esther, m. to Jeremiah Brown ; and 
 Anne, m. to Timothy Kirk. 
 
 The children of Elisha and Mary Gatchell were Jere- 
 miah, b. 9, 2, 1734, m. 7, 3, 1753, to Hannah Brown ; 
 Nathan, b. 4, 29, 1737, died young ; Lydia, b. 7, 26, 1741, 
 d. 12, 6, 1765 ; Joseph, b. 11, 7, 1743, m. 1, 10, 1765, 
 Hannah Churchman; Elisha, b. 12, 22, 1746, d. 3, 25, 
 1758; Samuel, b. 3, 18, 1749; David, b. 6, 25, 1751. 
 
 Samuel, son of Jeremiah and Hannah, of Lancaster 
 County, m. 3, 29, 1787, Phebe Allen, of East Marlborough. 
 Their son Elisha, born 10, 20, 1789, married Martha, 
 daughter of George Martin, 11, 28, 1816, and resided in 
 Newlin township. 
 
 Dr. Elisha Gatchell was born in Newlin township, Chester 
 Co., April 18, 1828. His parents were Elisha and Martha 
 Gatchell. They were members of the Society of Friends, 
 of which society the doctor was also a member. He was 
 educated at Phillips' Academy, Andover, Mass. ; at Kim- 
 ball Union Academy, New Hampshire ; and at Brown Uni- 
 versity, Rhode-Island. He graduated M.D. at the University 
 of Pennsylvania in 1855. In that year he located at 
 Kennet Square, Chester Co., and entered upon the practice 
 of his profession. He soon found himself engaged in a 
 large and lucrative practice, which he was obliged partly to 
 decline on account of his feeble health, when he became 
 principal of the Eaton Academy in that place. In the 
 summer of 1857 he left home with the purpose of seeking 
 a residence in Kansas, hoping to be benefited by the change 
 of locality. He became indisposed, however, on his way, 
 in Philadelphia, and died Oct. 5, 1857. 
 
 Dr. Gatchell was distinguished for a diligent and thorough 
 investigation of every subject to which his attention was 
 directed. He was a good classical scholar, and had a slight 
 acquaintance with some of the modern European languages, 
 and considerable familiarity, for one of his age, with Eng- 
 
562 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 lish literature. He gave high promise of future success, 
 not only as a physician, but as a general scholar. He was 
 ardent in the pursuit of his'undertakings, and a man of 
 probity and integrity, and was highly esteemed in the com- 
 munity in which his lot was cast. 
 
 GAUSE, Charles, of East Nottingham, married Jane, 
 daughter of Evan Powell, of New Garden, and died in 
 1732, leaving two sons, — Evan, b. I, 23, 1Y24-5, and 
 Charles, b. 3, 11, 1731. The name is generally written 
 Goss in the old records, and it is believed to have been so 
 spelled by the family. Charles Gause married Grace Dixon, 
 of Mill Creek, in 1753, and had several children. They 
 went to what was then called the Eedstone settlement, in 
 the western part of the State. Evan Gause married " by a 
 
 feet in height. His father, a brave soldier of the Revolu- 
 tionary war, was of that hardy race, the Scotch-Irish, while 
 his mother was of English origin, both of whom lived to 
 the good old age of fourscore. Jonathan Gause's early 
 education was obtained at a common country school, and 
 he was intended by his father for a mechanic ; therefore, 
 when it was thought he had enough book-learning for such 
 a business, he was apprenticed to a master-mason, and 
 worked at that trade two summers. But now an accident 
 occurred which not only changed his vocation, but shaped 
 and colored his whole future. One day he was helping his 
 father in the harvest-field, when a sudden storm arose. He 
 hurried to the barn, threw himself, wet and tired, upon the 
 new-mown hay, where he soon fell asleep, and did not wake 
 
 priest,'' for which he made an acknowledgment to New 
 Garden Monthly Meeting, 3, 30, 1754, but the maiden 
 name of his wife, Hannah, does not appear. They lived in 
 East Marlborough, and their son William married, about 
 1781, Mary Beverly, of that township, by whom he had a 
 large family of children. 
 
 Jonathan Gause was a veteran teacher, who for more 
 than half a century impressed a lasting influence upon hun- 
 dreds of the best young men and women of Chester County. 
 He was born Oct. 23, 1786, in East Marlborough town- 
 ship, on a farm adjoining that of the late Bayard Taylor, 
 and now owned by his nephews, P. and W. H. Hannum, 
 one mile north of Kennet Square. He was the third son 
 of William and Mary Gause, and one of a family of eleven 
 children, six boys and five girls, the former averaging six 
 
 until some time in the night, when he was aroused by 
 a severe pain in one limb. He suffered greatly for some 
 weeks, and when he arose from a sick-bed it was found 
 that his leg had shrunk, and he would probaHy be lame for 
 life. He did not, like Byron, turn misanthrope, but his 
 natural intuitions asserted themselves, and he became a 
 teacher. He now entered as a pupil the boarding-school 
 of Enoch Lewis, in New Garden, where he obtained an ex- 
 cellent knowledge of English grammar, and made consider- 
 able acquaintance with the common branches of mathemat- 
 ical science, embracing the elements of geometry, algebra, 
 surveying, mensuration, plane and spherical trigonometry, 
 and the principles of practical astronomy. His first essay 
 in teaching was in 1807, in a little school-house which now 
 stands in the Friends' meeting-house yard at Marshallton. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 563 
 
 He was married, 9th mo. 13, 1810 (while teaching at Mar- 
 shallton), to Ann, daughter of Robert and Mary Ingram, 
 of West Bradford. In 1813 the West Chester Academy 
 was completed, and Jonathan Gause solicited to take charge 
 of it. He accepted this important post, and opened the 
 academy October 18th of that year. While here he bought 
 from his fathcr4n-Iaw a farm on the Brandywine, about 
 one mile from Marshallton, afterwards known as Greenwood 
 Dell Boarding-Sohool. The West Chester Academy flour- 
 ished so well under Mr. Gause's charge that the trustees 
 thought he was making too much ; they wished to revoke 
 their bargain and make another and a closer one ; but to 
 this Mr. Gause would not submit, and he went to Green- 
 wood Dell. He was, perhaps, about a year on the farm at 
 this time, but his successor not succeeding, the trustees 
 found they had nfade a mistake in permitting Mr. Gause 
 to leave. They accordingly came to him and offered him 
 his price. Re again took charge of the academy ; again it 
 fiouri,shed and became the most celebrated in Eastern 
 Pennsylvania. In April, 1829, he left the academy and 
 opened a select school in West Chester, which he taught 
 until 1832, when he returned to Greenwood Dell and 
 opened a school there. This school became very popular, 
 and he continued it until 1839. He was now offered the 
 principalship of the Unionville Academy, at Unionville, 
 which he accepted, and entered upon his duties in that year 
 (1839). Here he had a splendid school, employing one or 
 two assistants. In 1847 he again returned to his Brandy- 
 wine home at Greenwood Dell, and took with him a thriving 
 school. There he continued until 1865, having taught 
 school fifty-eight years. He now retired forever from a 
 profession which he had loved, adorned, and elevated, and 
 which had yielded him a good living and a handsome for- 
 tune. After his removal from West Chester to West Brad- 
 ford be lost his first wife, and after a few years of widower- 
 hood he married a daughter — Eliza A. — of Dr. Abraham 
 and Rachel Baily, of West Bradford. His only daughter 
 by his first marriage was married in September, 1827, to 
 Matthias Pennypacker, a highly-respected member of the 
 Chester County bar. By his second wife he had a son, — 
 Emmor Eugene, — born in 1838, and who died 2d mo. 8, 
 1862, aged twenty-four years. 
 
 This venerable teacher spent the last eight years of his 
 life with his widowed daughter, Mary I. Pennypacker, and 
 his grandson, Thomas Pennypacker, on a beautiful farm on 
 the Brandywine, where he died April 9, 1873, nearly 
 eighty-seven years of age, but in the full possession of his 
 faculties, and with a Christian trust in the blessed promise 
 of a loving Saviour. Among those of his pupils in Chester 
 County we may mention the names of Bayard Taylor, Judge 
 J. Smith Futhey, Hon. Washington Townsend, Hon. John 
 Hickman, Dr. Franklin Taylor, U. V. Pennypacker, Esq., 
 John Rutter, Esq., 11. E. Monaghan, Esq., Joseph Hemp- 
 hill, Esq., Dr. Wilmer Worthington, W. W. Jefi^eris, Henry 
 Sharpies, Torbert Ingram, Hon. James B. Everhart, Henry 
 Fleming, Alfred Sharpies, William P. Townsend, J. Lacey 
 Darlington, and others, who received from him the step- 
 ping-stone to their subsequent learned and professional 
 stations in public and private life. Jonathan Gause was a 
 born teacher, and had that happy combination of intellectual 
 
 faculties which enabled him to teach clearly and impres- 
 sively whatever he undertook. He was a good talker, and 
 for many years of his life wa» an acceptable minister among 
 Friends. His judgment was good, and his memory excel- 
 lent. He had ever been a great reader, and had treasured 
 up a fund of knowledge, which he delighted to impart to 
 young or old, and he seemed to enjoy nothing more than to 
 teach others. 
 
 His methods in school were ingenious and often strik- 
 ingly original. He frequently held what he called a "gram- 
 mar congress," in which the pupils were called upon to give 
 their opinions in regard to forming a new language, and to 
 point out what words are the most important in our inter- 
 course with each other. Under him the dull boy became, 
 by the inspiration of his influence, alert and often bright in 
 some particular departments of study ; the timid, shrinking, 
 sensitive pupil grew hopeful, reliant, and often aggressive ; 
 the boisterous, careless, and indifferent became inspired 
 with high resolves to attain a worthy manhood. As a dis- 
 ciplinarian he was peculiarly felicitous ; there were no arbi- 
 trary rules promulgated ; every pupil became a member of 
 his family, an object of his parental care. Many poor young 
 men were by him trusted for board and tuition until they 
 could acquire an education or go into business and pay him. 
 He was one of the first educators in our country who advo- 
 cated the equal education of the sexes, and admitted both 
 boys and girls into his school, and even men and women. 
 His great love of man was intensified when applied to his 
 pupils, and this county never had a teacher whose love and 
 sympathy for his scholars was so great and perfect. Other 
 teachers have rivaled him in intellectual attainments and 
 qualifications, although his were excellent, but few or none 
 have combined with them a body so strong, a temper so 
 even, and a love so divine. 
 
 GAWTHROP, Thomas, bom 1709, died 9, 29, 1780, 
 married Isabel Crosfield, and lived in the county of West- 
 moreland, England. Whether they ever came to this 
 country we are not informed, but their sons James and 
 George made Chester County their home. George mar- 
 ried, 12, 31, 1772, Jane, daughter of James and Jane 
 Allen, of East Marlborough, and settled in Londongrove. 
 Their daughter Hannah married Swithin Shortledge in 
 1799. Thomas, their son, married, 11, 13, 1800, Eliza- 
 beth Thompson, and had children, — Sarah, Ann, Daniel, 
 Jane, Allen (now of Wilmington), Lydia, Elizabeth, and 
 James. 
 
 Jane married Daniel Thompson, and Elizabeth married 
 Nicholas W. Taylor, both daughters of George and Jane. 
 
 George, Jr., married, 1, 20, 1813, Amy Chambers, and 
 his brother James married, 2, 18, 1808, Hannah Marshall, 
 of West Bradford. 
 
 GHEEN, Joseph, married Dec. 7, 1768, at Christ 
 Church, Philadelphia, Elizabeth Ingram, and lived perhaps 
 in Goshen. His children were Thomas, John, William, 
 Joseph, Jonathan, and Levi. Thomas was three times 
 married, his first wife being Alice, his second a Brinton, 
 and the third Ann West, a widow. He had children, — 
 William A., Levi A., Elizabeth (married David West), 
 Martha, Sarah, and Mary Ann. 
 
 John Gheen married two sisters, Sarah and Hannalji 
 
564 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Hicks, and had children, — Hannah, Elizabeth, Thomas, 
 Edward, John, Enos, and Mary. Of these, Edward mar- 
 ried Hannah Hickman, by whom he had one daughter, and 
 by a second wife, Phebe Hickman, was the father of Fran- 
 cis H. Gheen, of West Chester, Lieut. Edward H. Gheen, 
 U. S. navy, and of John J. Gheen, Esq., of the Chester 
 County bar. 
 
 Jonathart Gheen, born Aug. 13, 1777, died June 17, 
 1861, married Hannah Chamberlin, and left three children, 
 — Amy, Susan, and John W. 
 
 Levi Gheen, born March 3, 1783, died Dec. 12, 1839, 
 married Mary Chamberlin, and resided in East Goshen, and 
 had children, — Titus W., Jonathan, Palmer, Lydia (mar- 
 ried John McCauley), Elizabeth, and Taylor. 
 
 Our older citizens say that the name was formerly pro- 
 nounced Gahagan, and in confirmation of this we find an 
 advertisement which mentions Thomas Gahagan, in New 
 Providence (now Montgomery County), in 1760. In 1768 
 the same person doubtless is named Thomas Gheen. 
 
 GIBBONS, John, the founder of one of the largest 
 families of Chester County, was one of the earliest settlers 
 under the proprietary. His name is found in Proud^s 
 " History of Pennsylvania," among the eminent persons of 
 the Society of Friends who settled near Chester in 1681.* 
 He migrated from Warminster, in Wiltshire, England, 
 where his family resided, as appears by the church records, 
 as early as the middle of the sixteenth century. He and 
 his wife Margery were among the best-educated members 
 of the society, and appear to have been in very comfortable 
 circumstances. His name is found on the Holmes map as 
 an original purchaser of two tracts from the proprietary, one 
 in Thornbury and one in Bethel. He occupied the latter as 
 soon as his improvements were completed, and became one 
 of the largest land-owners of the county. He was one of the 
 jurors impaneled for the trial of Margaret Mattson, on an 
 indictment for witchcraft, which took place before William 
 Penn and his Council, at Philadelphia, in February, 1683—1. 
 There is a tradition in the family that he framed the com- 
 promise verdict which prevented a disagreement of the 
 jury. They were hanging witches in old England and New 
 England about that time, and the president of Harvard 
 College was an active participant in that, savage remedy for 
 an imaginary crime. 
 
 John and Margery both lost their membership in the 
 Society of Friends. The latter became involved in the 
 Keith controversy. She was a fearless and resolute woman, 
 and in her public communications maintained the views of 
 Keith, that the doctrines and discipline of the society were 
 not sufiBciently guarded against infidelity. For this she 
 was disowned with many others. John survived his wife, 
 and died on his Bethel plantation about the year 1721. 
 
 They had two sons, John and James, the former of whom 
 
 * William Coole, of Devizes, in Wiltshire, writing to his sister 
 Sarah, widow of William Bezer, 12, 24, 168.'i, says, "I sent several 
 letters by they (when John filibbens <fc Rob. Pile & Edward Beazer 
 went) & A Box with butens &, knives & other things. I hope they 
 are Ree'd, because I saw yesterday 2 leters from Rob. Pile." Wil- 
 liam Bezer was still in Wiltshire, Oct. 7, 1682, so that it is likely John 
 Gibbons and his companions did not arrive in Pennsylvania till the 
 next yea,r. 
 
 married Sarah Howard, of Philadelphia, and died in 1706, 
 leaving three children. 
 
 He was disowned in 1702 for taking side with his mother, 
 for standing up at the close of a meeting and chai^ng John 
 Lea to be no gospel minister, and for keeping on his hat at 
 the time of prayer. 
 
 In 1708, James married Ann, daughter of George Pearce, 
 of Thornbury, an elder of the society. They removed to 
 Westtown, and occupied the Westtown plantation of 600 
 acres, which the father of James conveyed to him by deed 
 of gift on his marriage. He was one of the representatives 
 of Chester County in the General Assembly for three years, 
 in 1717, '18, '19. His wife was recommended as a minister, 
 3, 3, 1731. They had three children,— Mary, b. 1709, 
 married John Hannum ; James, b. in the winter of 1710- 
 11 ; Joseph, b. 8, 24, 1712. 
 
 James, the father, died in 1732, and in his will devised 
 to his wife 100 acres of the homestead, and the remainder 
 to his son James, together with 1200 acres in Nantmeal, 
 250 acres in another tract, and half his share in the Goshen 
 mill. To his son Joseph he gave 400 acres adjoining the 
 homestead, 1000 acres on a branch of Conestoga, 250 acres 
 of the land bought from James Harlan, and the other half 
 share in the mill. Ann Gibbons, widow of James, married 
 William Pirn, of East Cain, 1, 13, 1733-4, and died in 
 1753. 
 
 James Gibbons (2) married, 8, 10, 1734, Jane 
 Sheward, a recommended minister in the Society of Friends. 
 He was a valuable and highly-honored citizen, and was a 
 representative in the General Assembly from Chester County 
 for eight consecutive years, — from 1737 to 1744, inclusive. 
 He died in 1745. His widow, a woman of rare mental 
 endowments, survived him for more than half a century. 
 She superintended the education of her children, a task for 
 which she was fully competent, and which she most faith- 
 fully performed. Dr. William Darlington, who remembered 
 her very well, used to speak of her as the queen of the county. 
 Her style of dress, while in strict conformity with the sim- 
 plicity of Friends, was peculiarly becoming to her tall and 
 graceful person and native dignity of manner. After the 
 battle of Brandywine all the live-stock of her farm was 
 driven ofi' for the use of the British army. She deter- 
 mined to recover, if possiblcj a favorite cow, to which she 
 was much attached, and for that purpose made a personal 
 application to Gen. Howe. He received her courteously, 
 and she stated her case. " Madam," said the general, " may 
 I ask your name?" " My name," she said, "is Jane Gib- 
 bons." " Have you not a son in the rebel army?" he in- 
 quired. " I have a son in George Washington's army," 
 she answered. " I am afraid, madam," he replied, " that 
 you love your cow better than your king .'" Without re- 
 plying to the impeachment, she only said, " I bid thee fare- 
 well," and immediately retired. Her suit failed with Gen. 
 Howe, but the cow escaped from the enemy, and found her 
 way back to her kind mistress. 
 
 This good lady died Jan. 12, 1798, at the age of ninety- 
 six years. They left four children,— James (3), William, 
 Jane, and Thomas. 
 
 The children of John Gibbons (2) were John, Re- 
 becca (who married John Garton, 2, 2, 1725^), and another, 
 
BIOGKAPHlUAli AJNJJ (jrliiMi<iAL<UUiUAL. 
 
 565 
 
 who probably died young. John (3) married, 9, 18, 
 1724, Sarah Pennell, daughter of John, of Aston, and died 
 
 leaving one child, Mary, who married Wentworth. 
 
 The widow married, 11, 10, 1732, Joseph Pyle. 
 
 The children of James and Jane (Sheward) Gibbons 
 were James, b. 5, 18, 1736, d. 10, 17, 1823; William, 
 b. 11, 4, 1737, d. 10, 30, 1803; Jane, b. 11, 14, 1740, 
 m. John Peters; Thomas, b. 11, 23,1742, d. 8, 27, 1823. 
 
 Joseph Gibbons, son of James and Ann, married, 3, 23, 
 1734, Hannah Marshall, sister of Humphry Marshall, 
 the botanist, born 9, 7, 1715. They resided on the 400 
 acres in Westtown given him by his father, where he died 
 about the close of the Kevolution. He was a very active 
 man, both in church and state, and a member of Assembly 
 for fifteen consecutive years, 1748-63. His children 
 were, — 
 
 1. James, m. 5, 6, 1756, Deborah Hoopes, daughter of 
 Daniel and Alice, of (now) West Chester, and settled on 
 part of his father's land in Lancaster County. His son 
 Daniel, who married Hannah Wierman, was the father of 
 Dr. Joseph Gibbons, of Enterprise. The latter m. Phebe, 
 daughter of Thomas Earle, a prominent anti-slavery leader, 
 and their daughter, Marianna Gibbons, edits The Journal, 
 in which she is assisted by her father. Phebe (Earle) 
 Gibbons is the author of " Pennsylvania Dutch," and other 
 essays, etc. 
 
 2. John, m. Martha GriflSth, and resided in Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 3. Joseph, m. 5, 9, 1759, Margery Hannum, of Con- 
 cord, by whom he had thirteen children. They resided 
 and for many years kept tavern in Springfield township, 
 and he represented Delaware County in the Assembly for 
 two years, 1792-93. 
 
 4. Abraham, b. 7, 15, 1741, m. 4, 13, 1763, Lydia 
 Garrett, daughter of William and Lydia, of Willistown ; 
 second marriage, 5, 27, 1790, to Mary Canby, daughter of 
 Oliver and Elizabeth, of Wilmington. He settled in Lan- 
 caster County, on part of his father's 1000 acres. His son 
 Abraham, born 7, 8, 1791, died 10, 12, 1858, at or near 
 West Chester. William Gibbons, the eldest son, born in 
 1764, married first Jane Massey, 1, 18, 1787, by whom he 
 had a daughter, Massey, who married John J. Carpenter, 
 and left a daughter, Salome J., afterwards wife of Thomas 
 H. Burrowes, the champion of public education. Abra- 
 ham Gibbons, of Coatesville, is a son of William by his 
 second wife, Hannah (Pusey), a much-esteemed minister 
 among Friends, who died 4, 2, 1868, in West Chester. 
 
 5. Mary, b. 2, 15, 1743, d. 4, 4, 1827, m. 7, 22, 
 1760, John Hill, son of William and Mary Hill, of Middle- 
 town. They had several children, of whom Sidney became 
 the wife of Edward B. Temple, of Pennsbury. 
 
 6. Ann, m. 10, 23, 1765, Isaac Lloyd, of Darby. 
 
 7. Jacob, m. Jane Gibbons, daughter of James and 
 Eleanor (Peters) Gibbons. 
 
 8. Hannah, m. 9, 24, 1778, Norris Jones, and finally 
 removed to Philadelphia. 
 
 : 9. Kachel, m. 10, 29, 1777, John Hunt, of Darby. She 
 died 2, 15, 1845; was the author of a book mentioned 
 elsewhere. Her grandson, Dr. J. Gibbons Hunt, is a well- 
 known microscopist of Philadelphia. 
 
 James Gibbons (3), son of James and Jane, was edu- 
 cated chiefly in his father's house, by his parents ; was a 
 diligent student, and became, an accomplished scholar, lin- 
 guist, and mathematician. He married Eleanor, daughter 
 of William Peters, Dec. 1 , 1756. He inherited the West- 
 town property from his father, and became by profession a 
 farmer. He was for some time treasurer of Chester County, 
 and was a representative of the county in the General 
 Assembly for the three years immediately preceding the 
 Declaration of Independence. A member of the Society of 
 Friends, and a non-combatant, he retired from all public 
 service at the outbreak of the Revolutionary war, but in 
 private pursuits he was a valuable and honored citizen. At 
 his residence, on his plantation, he opened a private school 
 for instruction in the French, Latin, and Greek languages, 
 and several of the young men of the county, who afterwards 
 became honorably distinguished, were among his pupils. 
 When disputes arose among neighbors, they were generally 
 referred to him for settlement, and in open quarrels he was 
 the peacemaker of his towaship. His judgment and advice 
 were rarely appealed from, even when they involved rights 
 of property. His services as a surveyor were in frequent 
 requisition, and many of the deeds and wills executed in 
 Chester County were prepared by him. About the year 
 1780 he removed to Philadelphia, where he opened a clas- 
 sical school on Pine Street, below Second, which was largely 
 attended. But he soon grew weary of city life, and returned 
 to his ancestral home. He retained this property until 
 1795, when he sold it to the Yearly Meeting of Friends for 
 the site of a boarding-school for the education and religious 
 instruction of children of Friends. The cause of education 
 was one in which he took a lively interest, and when the 
 committee of the Yearly Meeting appointed to purchase a 
 proper site for the school signified a preference for his 
 property, he fixed in his own mind a price for it, which was 
 much less than its actual value. His intention was to en^ 
 courage the scheme by a donation, and he preferred to do 
 it in that way. He imagined that the members of the com- 
 mittee would understand and appreciate his motives, in 
 fixing the price of a parallelogram containing six hundred 
 acres of land at the low rate of ten pounds per acre, Penn- 
 sylvania currency. But in this he was disappointed. The 
 chairman of the committee was an Englishman, living in 
 Philadelphia, a sharp, loquacious, and successful " man of 
 business," who never lost an opportunity for a display of 
 his business acumen. When James named to the commit- 
 tee the price which he proposed to accept for his plantation, 
 the chairman, after a brief silence, remarked that the com- 
 mittee had been viewing another property in the county 
 which he thought would suit them quite as well, and per- 
 haps a little better on some accounts, which could be ob- 
 tained on more reasonable terms ; " but," he added, " if 
 thou wilt sell at nine pounds per acre, I would be willing 
 to advise the committee to take thy land at that price." 
 James was indignant. He quickly replied, " Why, friends, 
 you deal like jockeys ! If you are not content with my 
 offer, our business is ended !" " Quite content ! quite con- 
 tent !" the other members of the committee at once re- 
 sponded. They were as much mortified by the suggestion 
 of their chairman as James was incensed by it. The deed 
 
566 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 was delivered on the 1st of April, 1795, but not until the 
 coniinittee had executed to him a covenant that the prop- 
 erty should be used for the educational purposes for which 
 he had sold it to the Yearly Meeting. 
 
 There is little in the daily life of an unostentatious Chris- 
 tian countryman that can furnish material of much interest 
 to those who are not of his own family, and yet the influ- 
 ence of such men is the silent power which, more than 
 any other instrumentality, elevates the character of the 
 society in which they live. No man of his time did more 
 for his neighbors by the mere force of his excellent example 
 than James Gibbons (3). Resolute, fearless, and self-sac- 
 rificing, no selfish considerations stood in his way if any 
 good work called for the support of good men. One anec- 
 dote will illustrate his character in this respect. It was 
 once the custom among the farmers of Chester County, 
 while the work of the harvest was going on, to provide rum 
 or spirits for the refreshment of the harvesters. The efifect 
 of this was bad in every respect ; for every man and boy 
 asserted his right to his ration of rum ; and from this use 
 of rum came profanity and quarrels, and habits of drinking 
 that made drunkards. Mr. Gibbons determined to break 
 loose from the custom, and announced that no rum should 
 be used on his plantation. He had a large quantity of 
 wheat to cut. In those days they used the sickle. He 
 could find no reapers. No man would work for him with- 
 out his customary rations of rum. All the wheat in the 
 county had been gathered but that one field, in which Mr. 
 Gibbons and his little boy were at work, making but a slight 
 impression upon it. " What are you going to do with your 
 wheat, friend Gibbons?" inquired a young farmer who 
 was riding by. " Oh," he answered, " my son and I 
 will gather what we can, and the fowls and birds will take 
 care of the rest." The next day the neighboring farmers 
 invaded his place with their teams and rakes and sickles, 
 and the crop was saved. There was no difficulty after that 
 in excluding rum from the harvest-fields of Chester County. 
 
 He waj3 very well known among the people as a man of 
 great learning. While the British army was yet in the 
 county, after the battle of Brandywine, some officers were 
 one day making themselves merry at a wayside inn where 
 Mr. Gibbons frequently stopped, when passing, to water his 
 team. They were criticising the ignorant country boors 
 who were engaged in the rebellion against their king, and 
 running the inn-keeper pretty severely, who happened at 
 that moment to see Mr. Gibbons, at some distance, driving 
 up the road. Turning to his guests with assumed indi"-- 
 nation, he said, " I'll wager twenty pounds that the first 
 farmer who drives past this house can speak more languages 
 than the whole kit and crew of you put together I" " A 
 bet I" they cried, and the money was staked. Soon after, 
 Mr. Gibbons stopped, as usual, and one of the party, sa- 
 luting him in French, was civilly answered in the same 
 tongue. Another, in very bad Spanish, asked him if he 
 was a Frenchman, and he answered, in very good Spanish 
 that he was born in Chester County, and had never been in 
 France. There was a pause in the conversation, and, put- 
 ting their heads together, a quotation was aimed at him 
 from one of the Satires of Horace, and they found, to their 
 amazement, that this plain-looking farmer was a good Latin 
 
 scholar. By this time the farmer perceived that he was on 
 trial, and he put them completely to rout by a volley of 
 Greek, which none of them could understand. The happy 
 inn-keeper won his bet, and the Chester County farmer went 
 his way, little suspecting that this odd trial of tongues had 
 cost the enemy twenty pounds. 
 
 A well-educated officer in~ command of a foraging party 
 from the British army entered the residence of Mr. Gib- 
 bons, and found him in his study. Saluting him rather 
 familiarly, and looking at the shelves, well filled with books, 
 he remarked, " You are a clergyman, I fancy?" " No, I 
 am not," was the reply. "A doctor, perhaps?" "lam 
 not a doctor." " Pray, then, what is your profession ?" 
 " I am a Chester County farmer." The stranger mean- 
 while was thumbing over some of the books, and answered, 
 " But these are not farmers' books !" " What dost thou know 
 about them ?" Mr. Gibbons inquired. " Oh," replied the 
 stranger, " they are old and familiar friends !" A long and 
 very pleasant conversation ensued on the subject of education 
 in England and America, and when the stranger rose to take 
 his leave, he extended his hand and said, " This has been 
 the most agreeable hour I have spent in your country. I 
 did not expect to find classical scholars in the woods of 
 America." The party retired from the farm leaving his 
 property untouched. But it was thoroughly pillaged by 
 others before the invaders left the county. 
 
 A British officer having met with Mr. Gibbons after the 
 battle of Brandywine, and surprised at his linguistic knowl- 
 edge, expressed the opinion, in a letter written home to 
 England, that it would be in vain to prolong a struggle 
 with men who, owning the soil, themselves drew from it 
 by the labor of their own hands an independent subsist- 
 ence, whilst they cultivated literary pursuits and classic 
 tastes. 
 
 James died on his farm, in Birmingham township, on 
 the 17th of October, 1823, in the eighty-seventh year of 
 his age, surviving his wife about eighteen months, who died 
 on the 30th of March, 1822, at the age of eighty-six years. 
 They had twelve children, — six sons and as many daugh- 
 ters. Three of their sons survived their parents. 
 
 CoL. William Gibbons, son of James and Jane 
 (Sheward) Gibbons, was born in the township of West- 
 town in 1737, and in 1761 married Susanna, daughter of 
 George and Jane Ashbridge, of Goshen. Settling at first 
 in Philadelphia, he afterwards resided in Thornbury, — 1766 
 to 1769, — and then removed to West Nantmeal, where he 
 and his brother Thomas had inherited 1200 acres of land 
 from their father. For a short time after the breaking 
 out of the war he was located on the Susquehanna River, 
 at or near the site of Harrisburg, but returned to Birming- 
 ham prior to 1783, in which year he was elected sheriff of 
 Chester County as the successor to Col. John Gardner, his 
 former neighbor in Nantmeal, giving Cols. John Hannum 
 and Thomas Cheyney as his sureties. While he was in 
 office the seat of justice in the county was removed from 
 Chester to West Chester, and in September, 1786, it be- 
 came his duty to remove the prisoners from the old jail at 
 Chester to the new jail at the Turk's Head, in Goshen. 
 
 In 1790, Col. Gibbons was a delegate from Chester 
 County in the convention which framed the State consti- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 567 
 
 tution of that year. In 1791 he was appointed by Gov- 
 ernor Mifflin to succeed Caleb Davis as prothonotary and 
 clerk of the courts of Chester County, where he approved 
 himself an excellent officer during a period of nine years. 
 
 He commanded a company of militia in the battle of 
 Brandywine ; was a brave and daring soldier, and rose to 
 the rank of colonel. During the war he sold a valuable 
 farm, and refused to accept in payment anything but Con- 
 tinental money, on the ground that it was the money of 
 his country, and what was good enough for his country was 
 good enough for him. The money depreciated and became 
 worthless. The purchaser afterwards proposed to make 
 good the loss, but the gallant colonel peremptorily refused 
 the generous oflFer. In 1794, when volunteers were called 
 for to suppress the Whisky Kebellion in Western Pennsyl- 
 vania, the old colonel, then in his fifty-seventh year, enlisted 
 as a private in Capt. McClellan's company of volunteer 
 cavalry ; went through the campaign, and at the close of 
 it resumed his duties as prothonotary. He died on the 
 30th of October, 1803, aged about sixty-five years, leaving 
 the character of a just, patriotic, and upright man. 
 
 His patriotism will be well illustrated by the following 
 letter to Col. John Gardner : 
 
 " Paxton, March 9, 1779. 
 
 "Fhiend and Good Neighbor Gardner, — There is that greedy, 
 extorting disposition amongst us here, even of those who call them- 
 selves Whigs, and some Tories and Jew Whigs, that grain is very 
 hard to be purchased ; some denying that they have any to spare, 
 others say that it is promised; some will not sell unless fur the rising 
 price, until they cnll for their money. So that near home I cannot 
 purchase grain for my family, and have not two weeks' bread for my 
 house. Therefore I request you to get my grain threshed for me and 
 keep it, only what you may need for your own use. And pray do 
 me the favor to request my good neighbors, John and Jared Irwin, 
 to keep what appertains to me. 
 
 " I have offered Col. Grenawaits and other men of distinction what 
 commissions they would please to charge to buy grain for me. They 
 say they can do nothing in that way unless I can furnish hard money, 
 of which I have none. I intend soon going to Lebanon, and getting 
 Col. Grenawaits along with me, to go through that neighborhood, and 
 if possible to purchase what grain may suffice my family until har- 
 vest f and if I am so happy as to succeed, shall then be willing to sell 
 what grain I have with you. 
 
 " I do not expect my wheat yielded well, but hope I have a con- 
 siderable quantity of rye, which is good enough for me, and, I sup- 
 .pose, for anyiiman that sets a right value on his liberty, if the fortune 
 of war gives that turn to our affairs. Sooner would I eat rye bread 
 to my dying 4ay than ineanly surrender my liberty and sell posterity. 
 With sincerity do I wish this may find you and all my former good 
 neighbors in good health, and unanimous, for the support of the Ameri- 
 can States. 
 
 " I remain with sincere regard your friend, 
 
 "William Gibbons." 
 
 , Among the Gardner papers is a receipt signed by Wil- 
 liam GibboQ^, Oct. 29, 1783, in the prison at Chester, for 
 a number of prisoners therein named. 
 
 Thomas Gibbons, youngest son of James and Jane, 
 married-Mary Brinton, daughter of James and Mary Brin- 
 ton, of Pennsbury, born 8, 5, 175,0, died 1825. They 
 resided in Bast Bradford, on the farm now of their grand- 
 son, William Gibbons. Their children were James, Joseph, 
 William, Th«mas, Jane, Ann, and Mary, all of whom died 
 young or unmarried except James, a physician, and Wil- 
 liam. 
 
 De. William Gibbons, the youngest sod of James 
 
 Gibbons (3) and Eleanor, his wife, was born in Philadel- 
 phia, during the temporary residence of his parents in that 
 city, on the 17th of August, 1781. His father's intentions 
 respecting his education are expressed in a will written by 
 himself, dated July 29, 1796, when William was about 
 fifteen years old. After a bequest to him of a thousand 
 pounds in gold and silver money, together with all his 
 Greek, Latin, French, and mathematical books and sur- 
 veying instruments, he adds, — 
 
 " As I had intended myself to instruct my said son 
 William in the rudiments of the Greek, Latin, and French 
 languages, and also in mathematical learning, in order the 
 better to qualify him for the practice of physic, to which 
 I have in my own mind destined him, I now transcribe 
 these thoughts in hope that my said son will have due re- 
 gard to them, as a special token to him of his father's last 
 wishes for his welfare." 
 
 He then proceeds to make ample provision for his educa- 
 tion accordingly. But, contrary to his apparent expectations, 
 the testator lived twenty-seven years after the date of this 
 will, and not only had the pleasure of carrying out his in- 
 tentions successfully and making a good scholar of his 
 son, but also of seeing him, while yet a young man, in the 
 foremost rank of the profession which he had so judiciously 
 chosen for him. On the 14th of May, 1806, he married 
 Rebecca Donaldson, the youngest daughter of David Don- 
 aldson, of Wilmington, Del., a soldier of the Revolution, 
 who entered the ranks as a volunteer. 
 
 Dr. William Darlington, in his " Notae Ccstrienses," 
 gives the following sketch of the early career of Dr. Gib- 
 bons: 
 
 "When William arrived at the appropriate age he began the study 
 of medicine under the tuition of Dr. Jacob Ehrenzeller, an expert 
 Revolutionary surgeon, residing in the borough of West Chester. 
 The latter portion of his medical pupilage was under the direction of 
 Dr. John Vaughan, an estimable physician in Wilmington, Del. 
 
 "At the Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania, in thi 
 winter of 1802-3, William Gibbons, William Baldwin, and the com- 
 piler of these Notes first met as classmates, and, finding themselves 
 to be congenial spirits, soon contracted an intimate friendship of life- 
 long duration. At that period it was not usual for country lads en- 
 gaged in the study of medicine to aspire to the Doctorate, or to per- 
 severe until tliey obtained that degree ; but this trio, all from Chester 
 County, discovering that, as far as they could ascertain, no student of 
 the county had been ambitious enough to acquire the title of M.D., 
 they all resolved to obtain it, if practicable; and learning that one of 
 the declared objects of the honor conferred upon successful candi- 
 dates was, tn the language of the diploma, 'nt ... a Ziteratorum 
 vulgo gecernerenttir/ Gibbons jocosely declared that, so far as he was 
 concerned, he was resolved to be one of those who would go for the 
 • seeernerentur /' In fact, all three of the friends united in the dec- 
 laration; obtained the degree, and were among the earliest from the 
 county so to aspire and to succeed. Dr. Gibbons graduated in the 
 spring of 1,805, and the subject of his well-written inaugural thesis 
 was * Hypochondriasis.' 
 
 " Having reached the goal of his student ambition, he retilrned for 
 a season of relaxation to the home of his parents, who then resided 
 near the ancient village of Dilworthstown, in the county of Chester. 
 Here he remained until the summer of 1806, when he purchased a 
 farm in Kennet township, near the southern border of Chester 
 County. 
 
 " On this beautiful property he became an amateur agriculturist 
 and practicing physician, until the ensuing spring of 1807, when the 
 death of the lamented Dr. Vaughan created a medical vacancy in 
 Wilmington, which several young physicians attempted to fill, but 
 which was eventually occupied by Dr. Gibbons, who, on the invita- 
 tion of friends, removed to Wilmington, where he continued during 
 
568 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 the remainder of his life, in the acceptable exercise of his arduous 
 profession. In this position the doctor settled down to the business 
 of his callings and was speedily recognized as among the most emi- 
 nent and reliable members of the faculty. His active mind soon en- 
 gaged him in scientific reseoroh, philological studies, and the acqui- 
 sition of languages, among which was the Hebrew tongue, wherein he 
 obtained to a remarkable profigienc;. He had also a decided taste 
 for the natural sciences, became especially fond of the culture of or- 
 namental plants and choice fruit-trees, and was among the earliest in 
 promoting associated efforts for the extension of those interesting de- 
 partments of knowledge, one of which was the establishment of the 
 ' Delaware Academy of Natural Science,' of which he was presiding 
 officer." 
 
 About the year 1821 the Rev. E. W. Gilbert, a young 
 and very able minister of the Presbyterian persuasion, was 
 called to one of the churches of that denomination in Wil- 
 mington. His knowledge of Friends and their doctrines 
 and discipline was rather limited, and he was quite sur- 
 prised to find them so numerous and influential in that 
 place. He conceived it to be his duty to convince them 
 that their notions on the subject of religion were erroneous 
 and heretical. As he could not reach them from the pul- 
 pit, he undertook the task with his pen through the public 
 press, and commenced a series of letters addressed to " The 
 Society of Friends," which he published in the Christian 
 Repository over the signature of " Paul." His third letter 
 elicited a reply from " Amicus," who took up the cause of 
 the Friends, and the controversy continued for two years. 
 It commenced in what seemed to be a kindly and charitable 
 spirit ; it ended, as all such controversies do, in a spirit of 
 enmity which separated the disputants wider than ever, 
 each being fully convinced that the other was hopelessly 
 blind to the truth. After the close of this correspondence. 
 Dr. Gibbons (who was erroneously supposed to be "Ami- 
 cus") assumed the vindication of the doctrines of Friends 
 in a series of letters addressed to the Presbyterians over the 
 signature of " Vindex," which established his reputation as 
 .one of the most able and vigorous writers of the day. Mr. 
 Gilbert and his congregation, which was a large one, became 
 very much embittered in their feelings towards Dr. Gib- 
 bons particularly and the Quakers generally, and there was 
 very little social intercourse between the two sects. This 
 unhappy condition continued for several years, but was at 
 last providentially terminated by a touching incident. Dr. 
 Gilbert, then one of the most distinguished ministers of the 
 church, was taken ill, and continued to grow worse and 
 worse, until his life was despaired of. The attending phy- 
 sician desired a consultation, and asked that Dr. Gibbons 
 should be called to the case for that purpose. The family 
 consented. He answered the call promptly, and on reach- 
 ing the residence of the dying man, found the rooms 
 crowded by sad and weeping members of his ct)Dgregation 
 waiting to hear the last words of their beloved pastor. 
 They left the house reluctantly by the doctor's very earnest 
 request. The consultation was held. The treatment was 
 changed. The patient lay for hours in the very arms of 
 death, the Quaker doctor watching by his side, hoping and 
 praying that a life so useful, which had not reached its full 
 maturity, might yet be saved. Feebly the pulse moved. 
 Faintly the breath told that it was yet lingering in the 
 wasted frame, and the good physician hoped on. There 
 they were, side by side, the earnest antagonists in that 
 
 polemic strife which had alienated families and brought no 
 soul to God, the one almost unconsciously awaiting the 
 final summons, and the other exhausting his professional 
 skill to avert it, with a hopeful and hearty appeal to the 
 Supreme Physician to perfect his remedies. Presently the 
 pulse quickened and grew stronger and stronger ; the patient 
 felt a fresh throb of life ; his eyes opened and fell upon the 
 face of a benefactor beaming with pleasure and cheerfulness 
 and praise, and " Paul" and " Vindex" were ever after life- 
 long friends. 
 
 The pen of Dr. Gibbons was afterwards the efficient 
 weapon against a band of social reformers, led by Robert 
 Dale Owen and Fanny Wright D'Arusmont, a woman of 
 remarkable force and persuasive eloquence. They were the 
 editors of a periodical published in the city of New York, 
 called Tlie Free Inquirer, which had a large circulation 
 in the Middle States and in Ohio. It not only dissemi- 
 nated infidel and atheistic doctrines, but assailed the sanc- 
 tity of the marriage contract, and advocated the right of 
 the husband or the wife to dissolve it at pleasure. Mrs. 
 D'Arusmont, who was separated from her husband, 
 lectured on these subjects in most of the principal cities 
 and towns of the country, attracting large audiences, and 
 scattering the poison broadcast wherever she went. For this 
 purpose she visited Wilmington, and Dr. Gibbons was 
 among those who denounced her mission publicly, and did 
 what they could to defeat it. This led to an attack upon 
 him in the columns of The Free Inquirer, to which he re- 
 plied in a pamphlet entitled " Exposition of Modern Skep- 
 ticism." It was published first in Wilmington, and was 
 reprinted in New York and Cincinnati, and extensively cir- 
 culated and read wherever the infidels had obtained a foot- 
 hold. The object was to awaken a righteous indignation in 
 the public mind against them and their immoral teachings, 
 and their assaults upon the Christian religion ; and this 
 was so successfully achieved that they could not obtain a 
 respectable audience in Wilmington after its publication, 
 and the seed they had sown there never took root. Dr. 
 Gilbert received a copy of it from the author, his old an- 
 tagonist but now his personal friend, and did him the honor 
 to read it from his pulpit to his congregation. For this 
 valuable service to the cause of Christianity and public 
 morals, Dr. Gibbons received many letters of thanks and 
 congratulation from ministers and others of various religious 
 denominations in different parts of the country. 
 
 He took an active interest in promoting the education of 
 the African race, and was one of the founders and man- 
 agers of a school in Wilmington for colored children, which 
 was in successful operation for many years. This being 
 the intermedial town between the North aiid the South, it 
 offered peculiar facilities for the kidnapping of free people 
 of color. Dr. Gibbons was an active member of a society 
 organized lor their protection, which saved and rescued 
 many of them from the slave-markets of Baltimore. He 
 was also the president of the first State Temperance Society 
 of Delaware. He was never idle. His residence, a short 
 distance from the improved parts of the town, embraced 
 several acres of land, chiefly occupied by ornamental and 
 fruit-trees of many varieties, the latter all of his own raising 
 and grafted with his own hands. In the mansion which he 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 569 
 
 built here soon after his marriage he and his noble wife 
 raised a family of thirteen children, all of whom witnessed 
 the death of their honored father on the 25th of July, 1845, 
 in the sixty-fourth year of his age. His widow survived 
 him nearly a quarter of a century, and died on the 30th of 
 January, 1869, at the age of eighty-three years. Eleven 
 of her children were living at the time of her death. 
 
 Rebecca Gibbons was the founder of the original House 
 of Industry, now known as " The Home for Aged Women," 
 in Wilmington, to which she gave constant encouragement 
 and support. At her death the board of managers passed 
 appropriate resolutions expressive of their high regard for 
 her valuable services and sorrow for her loss. 
 
 Among the children of William and Rebecca Gibbons 
 are Hon. Charles Gibbons, of Philadelphia, and Elizabeth, 
 wife of Hon. Washington Townsend, of West Chester. 
 
 John Gibbons, son of James and Eleanor, married, 10, 15, 
 1801, Sarah, daughter of Joseph and Ann Cope, of East 
 Bradford, and was the first steward of the county alms- 
 house ; afterwards residing at New London Cross-roads, and 
 in Cecil Co., Md., for a few years, they removed finally to 
 Tompkins Co., N. Y., where he died in 1847, leaving 
 several children. 
 
 Eleanor Gibbons, his sister, married John Parry, and 
 was the mother of Gibbons Parry, now of Florida, Ohio. 
 
 Lieutenant William Gibbons, a son of the second 
 Joseph, was one of the young men of Chester County who 
 was honorably distinguished in the war for independence. 
 He belonged to the Sixth Pennsylvania Regiment, and was 
 selected by Gen. Wayne to lead a forlorn hope of twenty 
 men in the most, brilliant and daring exploit of the war, — • 
 the capture of the encftny's fortress on the Hudson River, 
 at Stony Point. The approaches to the enemy's works 
 were obstructed first by a deep morass, and then by 
 double rows of abatis in front and flank. It was the duty 
 of Gibbons to cross this morass with his men, remove the 
 abatis and other obstructions, and thus open the way for 
 the assaulting party, consisting of one hundred and fifty 
 volunteers, with unloaded muskets and fixed bayonets, con- 
 stituting the van of the right column. A like duty was 
 assigned to Lieut. Knox, of the Ninth Pennsylvania Regi- 
 ment, with twenty men, who preceded the van of the left. 
 The order for the assault was given at midnight on the 15th 
 of July, 1779, with specific and pointed orders that there 
 was to be no firing on the enemy, but that the whole depend- 
 ence of the assaulting columns was to be placed on the 
 bayonet alone. Gibbons moved across the morass with his 
 twenty men. A terrific and incessant fire of musketry and 
 grape-shot was opened from the fortress on the advancing 
 heroes. Not a shot was returned. Encouraged by the 
 resolute lieutenant, not a man flinched from his duty. 
 Seventeen of the twenty fell, killed or wounded, but Gib- 
 bons accomplished his work, and the assaulting column, 
 following him, forced its way by the bayonet alone through 
 the fire and into the fortress, and in the very centre of the 
 works met the van of the left, which had been equally 
 successful. The garrison surrendered at discretion. Gen. 
 Wayne's official report of the capture of Stony Point may 
 be found in the 8th volume of The Remembrancer, p. 368, 
 etc., and also the resolutions of thanks passed by Congress 
 
 on the 26th of July, 1779, for what they distinguish as 
 "a glorious enterprise." Among the resolutions is the 
 following : 
 
 "Resolved, That Congress warmly approve and applaud the cool 
 determined spirit with which Lieut. Gibbons and Lieut. Knox led on 
 the forlorn hope, braving danger and death in the cause of their 
 country." 
 
 A sword was presented to each of them by Congress, 
 with a brevet of captain. Lieut. Gibbons was afterwards 
 promoted to the rank of major, continued in the service 
 till the end of the war, and returned to private life deeply 
 marked by honorable scars. He removed to Virginia, and 
 was appointed by President Washington, United States col- 
 lector of the port of Richmond. He was a warm Feder- 
 alist, and when Jefi'erson was elected to the Presidency he 
 was urged to remove Gibbons from the office, under the 
 pretext that he had entertained at his house the friends of 
 Aaron Burr during his trial. On being strongly pressed, 
 Mr. Jefierson jocularly but peremptorily replied, " Remove 
 the major ! I would sooner divide my last hoe-cake with 
 him !" (Randall's " Life of Jefi'erson," vol. iii. p. 218.) 
 The major died unmarried. There seems to be no record 
 of the date of his death. John Hannum Gibbons, the 
 eldest son of the second Joseph, dropped the final letter of 
 his family name, and died in 1795, leaving one son, John 
 Heysham Gibbon, who married Catharine Lardner, of 
 Holmesburg, Pa. He was for many years assayer of the 
 United States Mint in North Carolina, and died in Balti- 
 more in 1869, leaving ten children. Gen. John Gibbon, 
 United States army, who commanded a division during 
 the war of the Rebellion, and was wounded at Gettysburg 
 while in command of Hancock's corps, is one of his sons. 
 
 James Gibbons, eldest son of Thomas and Mary Gib- 
 bons, was born about the year 1776. He received a good 
 ordinary English education at John Forsythe's school at 
 Birmingham Meeting-house, and paid some attention to the 
 Latin language under the tuition of his uncle, James Gib- 
 bons. About the year 1799 he commenced the study of 
 medicine with Dr. Jacob Ehrenzeller, of West Chester, and 
 attended a course of lectures at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania. He practiced medicine about two years in West 
 Chester and vicinity, as a successor of Dr. Ehrenzeller, 
 having purchased the residence of Dr. Ehrenzeller, in West 
 Chester, in 1803, when that physician retired to his farm 
 in West Goshen. His failing health induced him to retire 
 from practice. In 1805 he sold his residence to his brother- 
 in-law. Dr. Moses Peirce, and after a lingering illness died 
 Jan. 13, 1808. Dr. Gibbons, in the year 1802, married 
 Sarah, daughter of Caleb and Hannah Peirce, and a grand- 
 niece of Humphry Marshall. He left one child, a daughter, 
 Hannah, who became the wife of Hon. John Edwards, and 
 was considered one of the best-educated women of her day. 
 
 William Gibbons, a brother of Dr. James Gibbons, mar- 
 ried, Dec. 27, 1827, Sarah Ann Brinton, daughter of Caleb 
 Hill and Hannah (Bowen) Brinton. She afterwards be- 
 came the wife of Marshall B. Hickman, and died Aug. 18, 
 1872. William died Oct. 18, 1832, aged fifty-four years. 
 He was remarkably even-tempered, a good neighbor, and 
 kind to the poor, of whom it is said one hundred came to 
 take a last look at their friend when he died. 
 
670 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 GrILPIN, Joseph, of Dorchester, in the county of Ox- 
 ford, weaver, son of Thomas Gilpin, of Warborough, in 
 the same county, tallow-chandler, and Joan, his wife, was 
 
 married, 12, 20, 1691, to Hannah, daughter of and 
 
 Alice Glover, of the county of Southampton. They came 
 to Pennsylvania in 1695, and settled on a tract of land in 
 Birmingham township, in Chester (now Delaware) County, 
 which had been given to his wife by an uncle as a marriage 
 present. Their first dwelling was a cave on the side of a 
 hill, such as was frequently used by the early settlers until 
 better structures could be provided. Its exact site can yet 
 be pointed out on the farm late the property of John D. 
 Gilpin, about one mile south of Dilworthstown. Some years 
 thereafter he erected a frame dwelling-house on the site of 
 the present residence of Elias Baker, a short distance west 
 of the cave-dwelling, to which he removed, and where he 
 resided during the remainder of his life. He died in the 
 year 1739, at the age of seventy-five years, leaving to sur- 
 vive him fifteen children and forty-five grandchildren. 
 
 The names and births of his children were as follows : 
 1. Hannah, b. 12, 15, 1692; m. William Seal. 2. Sam- 
 uel, b. 4, 7, 1794; m. Jane Parker. 3. Rachel, b. 12, 12, 
 1695 ; m. Joshua Peirce. 4. Ruth, b. 6, 28, 1697 ; m. 
 Joseph Mendenhall. 5. Lydia, b. 11, 11, 1698 ; m. Wil- 
 liam Dean. 6. Thomas, b. 5, 23, 1700 ; m. Rebecca Men- 
 denhall. 7. Ann, b. 5, 11, 1702; m. Joseph Miller. 8. 
 Joseph, b. 1, 21, 1703 ; m. Mary Caldwell. 9. Sarah, b. 
 4, 2, 1706 ; m. Peter Cook. 10. George, b. 2, 16, 1708 ; 
 m. Ruth Caldwell. 11. Isaac, b. 1, 23, 1709 ; m. Mary 
 Painter. 12. Moses, b. 1, 8, 1711; m. Ann BuflSngton. 
 13. Alice, b. 10, 7, 1714; m. Richard Eavenson. 14. 
 Mary, b. 11, 16, 1716 ; m. Philip Taylor. 15. Esther, b. 
 1, 9, 1718; m. Samuel Painter. 
 
 The ancestry of this family can be traced in a direct line 
 to Richard De Guylpin, who in the year 1206, during the 
 reign of King John, became the owner of the manor of 
 Kentmere, which was bestowed upon him by the baron of 
 Kendal for deeds of prowess, and, as the name indicates, 
 are of Norman extraction. 
 
 Thomas Gilpin (the son of Samuel) was born in the 
 year 1728, on the property where his grandfather had set- 
 tled. Soon after arriving at age he became the owner of 
 property on the Brandywine, near to Wilmington, where he 
 erected and established extensive mills. In 1752 he visited 
 England for the purpose of obtaining information in re- 
 gard to its trade with the colonies, which might be useful 
 to him in his future business relations. 
 
 In 1764 he married a daughter of Joshua Fisher, then 
 a wealthy and leading Quaker merchant in Philadelphia, 
 which led to his settlement in that city, and his engaging 
 in business. He possessed a decided taste for scientific 
 pursuits, and devoted much of his leisure to its cultivation. 
 He was one of the original members of the American 
 Philosophical Society, and was very active in investigations 
 which might be useful to his fellow-men. The information 
 which he acquired he freely imparted by correspondence, in 
 papers contributed to the Philosophical Society, and articles 
 published in the journals of the day. 
 
 While thus devoting the quiet tenor of his life to his 
 business pursuits, and to acquiring and imparting useful 
 
 information, and (in accordance with his Quaker principles) 
 taking no part in the struggle which was going on between 
 the colonies and the mother-country, he was, on Sept. 2, 
 1777, arrested at his place of business in Philadelphia, and 
 placed in confinement, and subsequently, as already observed, 
 exiled to Virginia, where he died March 2, 1778, just six 
 months after his arrest. His constitution was not robust, 
 and the hardships he suffered probably hastened his death. 
 
 He was a man of very superior mind, and possessed a 
 character which should have shielded him from the unjust 
 treatment which he received in his last days. His high 
 sense of justice is shown in the fact that the evening 
 before his death, a rough draft of his will being brought to 
 him, in which it was said that " he, with a number of 
 others, had been unjustly banished," he desired the expres- 
 sion to be erased, as it would seem to cast a reflection on 
 the persons who had caused it. He had three brothers, all 
 of whom favored the Revolutionary cause, and two of 
 whom were officers in the American army. 
 
 lie left two sons, Joshua and Thomas Gilpin, both of 
 whom rose to wealth and distinction. The sons of Joshua 
 were Henry D. Gilpin, Esq., of Philadelphia, a prominent 
 member of the bar; Thomas W. Gilpin, who was many 
 years consul at Belfast; Richard A. Gilpin, formerly of 
 Westtown township, Chester Co. ; and Governor William 
 Gilpin, of Colorado, who served in the army of the United 
 States during the Florida and Mexican wars. 
 
 The farm in Birmingham where the emigrant ancestor 
 settled remained in the Gilpin family until within a few 
 years. That part of it on which the cave-dwelling was 
 situated is now owned by Alban Harvey, and that part 
 whereon he erected the frame dwellihg by Elias Baker. In 
 the year 1754 a brick building was erected adjoining this 
 frame one, which was occupied by Gen. Howe as his head- 
 quarters while the Briti.sh army remained in the neighbor- 
 hood, after the battle of Brandywine, in September, 1777. 
 It then belonged to George Gilpin. This brick building 
 is still standing, and forms part of the present residence of 
 Elias Baker. The old frame erected by the emigrant was 
 removed about the year 1835, and the present stone addi- 
 tion built on its site. In tearing down the frame building, 
 it was discovered that the outer walls had been filled, in its 
 erection, with adobes, or sun-dried bricks. 
 
 GOODWIN.— At Chester Monthly Meeting, 12, 28, 
 1708, " Thomas Gooding Produceth a Good Certificate for 
 himself and family from Rudholt perticular meeting, hee 
 being Ingaidged to y' Ship could not stay untill the monthly 
 meeting." He is said to have come from the parish of 
 Llandewi-Brefi, in Cardiganshire, and his family consisted of 
 his wife, Elizabeth, and children,— Elizabeth, Mary, Sarah, 
 and Thomas, with whom he settled in Edgmont township, 
 on land since of Everett Passmore. His eldest son, John, 
 remained in Wales, and resided at Esgairgoch, a village 
 about eight miles from Llanidloes, in Montgomeryshire; 
 was a minister among Friends, and he and his wife were 
 well esteemed, having built a meeting-house and purchased 
 the ground at their cost. John Goodwin died in 1763, 
 aged about eighty-two years. 
 
 Thomas Goodwin, the father, died about , and his 
 
 wife 9, 10, 1739, aged eighty-seven. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 571 
 
 Of their children, Elizabeth married Peter Thomas in 
 1711, Mary married Thomas James in 1712, and Sarah 
 married John Worrall in 1714. Mary and Sarah, as well 
 as their brothers, were ministers, and in that capacity paid 
 visits to Great Britain, and the latter died in Ireland while 
 in that service. 
 
 Thomas Goodwin, Jr., born in Wales, 1694, was married 
 9, 12, 1729, at Newtown Meeting, to Ann, daughter of 
 Richard Jones, of Goshen, and in 1749 settled on 230 
 acres of land in what is now East Goshen, west of the Gen- 
 eral Greene tavern. He was a minister, and paid religious 
 visits to New England, 1755, the " lower counties" and 
 Maryland in 1758-59, and, beside other journeys to the 
 neighboring provinces, he went, in 1763, to Great Britain, 
 whence he returned the next year. In 1768 he visited 
 Friends in Ireland, and after his return was concerned in 
 visiting such as held slaves, to dissuade them from the 
 practice. He died 4, 16, 1775, and was buried on the 19th 
 at Goshen. 
 
 The children of Thomas and Ann were John, m. to 
 Naomi Potter, 1759; Thomas, m. to Mary Hall, 1759; 
 Richard, m. at Middletown Meeting, 12, 8, 1757, to Lydia, 
 daughter of Abraham Potter, of Sussex County ; Jane, m. 
 to Thomas Massey; Isaac, unmarried; Elizabeth, died 
 young ; Sarah, m. to Jesse Williams. 
 
 Thomas and Mary had children, — Elizabeth, Ezra, John, 
 Susanna, George, Gideon, Jane, and Sarah. This family 
 removed to Virginia in 1770, but returned to Chester 
 County in 1777. 
 
 Richard Goodwin, born 8, 18, 1735, succeeded his father 
 at the homestead. Lydia, his wife, was born 9, 18, 1738, 
 and died 1, 22, 1810. Their children were Blisha, who m. 
 Lucy Williams ; Isaac, Enoch, and Mary, unmarried ; 
 Naomi, m. to Francis Mechem ; Lydia, m. to Enos Wil- 
 liamson ; Sarah, unmarried ; and Thomas, b. 5, 21, 1778, 
 who m. 1,4, 1838, Phebe Miller, daughter of George and 
 Mary Miller, of Upper Providence, Delaware Co. He 
 died 7, 28, 1840, leaving an only child, Mary M., now the 
 wife of Samuel R. Downing, and in whose possession the 
 Goshen homestead remains. A view of the old homestead 
 is given elsewhere, in connection with a picture of their 
 present residence. 
 
 GRIFFEN, John.— The Griffon family, who were all 
 members of the religious Society of Friends, had lived for 
 five generations in the same house, one of the oldest in 
 America, in the township of Mamaroneck, Westchester Co., 
 N. Y., where John, son of John Griffen, was born in 
 1812. In less than a year after his birth his father died. 
 As the property left was small, his mother became a school- 
 teacher, and in that capacity educated him until his four- 
 teenth year, when he commenced attending a Friends' 
 boarding-school at Nine Partners, Dutchess Co., N. Y. 
 
 After finishing his education he entered the mercantile 
 establishment of an uncle in the city of New York, and re- 
 mained with him until his majority. He then engaged in 
 business with another uncle. Afterwards he was book- 
 keeper. In 1843 he came to Pennsylvania, and was em- 
 ployed as book-keeper in the iron-works and nail-factory of 
 R. C. Nichols & Co., of Norristown. Here he developed 
 his talent for engineering and mechanical pursuits, which 
 
 subsequently made him so celebrated as an engineer, in- 
 ventor, and iron-master. He erected the iron-works of 
 Moore & Hooven, of the same place, and while so engaged 
 he conceived and successfully applied a novel method of 
 using the waste heat from the heating- and puddling-fur- 
 naees for generating the steam necessary to run the engines. 
 In this way the entire steam-power necessary was produced 
 without the use of any other fuel, all of which was lost 
 under the old system. By this invention a mill could be 
 run as cheaply as by water, while it is a decidedly better 
 motor. While this idea had been before broached as a pos- 
 sibility, to him must fairly be ascribed the merit of being 
 the first to successfully apply it. He was commissioned in 
 1847 to construct the works of Reeves, Abbott & Co., at 
 Safe Harbor ; his duties were mainly of an executive char- 
 acter, and served to display his pre-eminent abilities. After 
 the completion of the werks he continued in their employ 
 as superintendent until 1856, during which time he intro- 
 duced the governor for controlling the speed of the steam- 
 engines used in rolling iron, — a great desideratum, but 
 theretofore considered to be impracticable ; and also ma- 
 chinery to run the carriage transporting the rails to the 
 saws, instead of using hand-labor. His well-known inven- 
 tion for making wrought-iron cannon was also made here. 
 Experiments were made to test the strength of these guns 
 by the government; one of six hundred and twenty pounds 
 (regulation weight nine hundred and eighty-eight pounds) 
 was tried, which only burst after five hundred and sixty- 
 eight discharges. The charges were gradually increased, the 
 last three trials being with seven pounds of powder and 
 thirteen balls, while the proof-charge for a bronze gun of 
 the same calibre, but of nine hundred and eighty-eight 
 pounds weight, is two pounds of powder, one wad, and one 
 ball. Many hundreds of these guns, made by the Phoenix 
 Iron Company and known as the " Griffen Gun," were used 
 during the Rebellion. 
 
 He went to Phoenixville from Safe Harbor in 1856, to 
 take charge of the iron-works there, and remained until 
 1862. His next invention was for rolling the large wrought- 
 iron beams used in buildings on the small rollers then in 
 use, for which he obtained a patent in 1857, and which is 
 now in successful operation. Thousands of tons of these 
 beams are now made annually. For years he rolled the 
 largest beams rolled in the world. He assigned all rights 
 to this process, except that of employing it in any other 
 mill with which he might be connected, to the Phoenix 
 Iron Company. 
 
 In 1862 he engaged to erect the Buffalo Union Iron- 
 Works for a firm engaged in the general iron manufacture 
 and in making iron beams. These works, though built in 
 1862, are now among the best in America. 
 
 In 1867 he accepted the position of civil and mechanical 
 engineer with, the Phoenix Iron Company, and eighteen 
 months later he was again placed in charge of the works at 
 Phoenixville as general superintendent. In 1873 and 1874 
 he erected the new and large works for the company which 
 are now in partial operation. They are equal to any in the 
 world, though there are in Europe some larger. They 
 cover nearly seven acres, and are exclusively used for the 
 finishing of iron. They are the first mills in the world in 
 
572 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA; 
 
 which compouDd high- and low-pressure vertical engines 
 were introduced as the motive-power for roll-trains. The 
 general plan of the mill-building and machinery was his 
 own arrangement. 
 
 He was married in 1837 to Esther, daughter of Reuben 
 Liggett, of New York, by whom he had five children, of 
 whom only one survives. His first wife died in 1849 ; 
 two years later he married her sister, by whom he had five 
 children, four of whom are living. His eldest son, Robert, 
 was a graduate of the Naval School, and was in the United 
 States navy. He lost his life by yellow fever while in the 
 service of his country. 
 
 Mr. Grifien was elected burgess of Phoenixville in 1857. 
 Subsequently he became a member of the school board. 
 On his acceptance of the latter office he, found the facili- 
 
 decade of the last century, came from Philadelphia (where 
 he was a mill burr-maker) to East Whiteland township. 
 Here he purchased a thousand acres of land, cleared off the 
 timber, put up many buildings, two grist-mills, a saw-mill, 
 and made other valuable improvements. He married Cath- 
 arine Miller, born at Millbaugh, in Lebanon County, where 
 her father owned one of the oldest mills in the State, and 
 once used as a fort for protecting the settlers from Indians. 
 Catharine (Miller) Gunkle's paternal grandmother was a 
 Miss Pechin, a Huguenot, who fled from France to escape 
 persecutions, and married Martin Miller, an emigrant from 
 Germany. Michael Gunkle left four sons, — John, Michael, 
 William, and Daniel. His real estate was divided into 
 three shares, Michael getting his proportion in other prop- 
 erty. The Gunkle family is of German extraction, and 
 
 fJ^k^i .^w^^ 
 
 ties offered for education very inefficient ; he went to work 
 to remedy the defects, and in a short time was largely in- 
 strumental in the erection of the present fine school-houses. 
 He designed and superintended their erection, and had the 
 schools properly graded. He was unanimously re-elected 
 as a school director, being the first person in the borough 
 to receive that honor. He is one of the directors of the 
 Phoenix Iron Company (of which he is general superin- 
 tendent), and is also a member of the firm of Clarke, 
 Reeves & Co., the celebrated bridge-builders. He is a good 
 draughtsman, and has designed many of the finest residences 
 in and about Phoenixville. 
 
 Mr. Griffon is a noble type of our free institutions, and 
 illustrates the grand example of a poor boy rising by his 
 genius and industry to distinction. 
 
 GUNKLE, Michael, about the beginning of the last 
 
 Michael had two brothers, who settled in Ohio, from one 
 of whom is descended ex-Congressman L. B. Gunkle, of 
 Dayton, in that State. Michael Gunkle was a man of 
 wonderful energy, an indomitable will, manifested great 
 public spirit, and was highly esteemed. 
 
 Daniel Gunkle was married, Oct. 29, 1822, to Sarah 
 Kugler, born July 15, 1803. She was the daughter of 
 John and Harriet Kugler, of Lower Merion, Montgomery 
 Co., granddaughter of Paul Kugler, and great-grand- 
 daughter of a German emigrant who settled in Eastern 
 Pennsylvania in the early part of the last century. To 
 Daniel and Sarah (Kugler) Gunkle were born nine chil- 
 dren,— George W., Dr. William H. (deo'd), Harriet C. (died 
 young), Eliza C. (m. John Dunwoody), Michael M., Har- 
 riet A. (m. Dr. Frank Rieser, of Berks County), John F., 
 Victoria J. (m. Dr. John G. Thomas, of Delaware County), 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 573 
 
 and Sarah S. Of the sons, George W. m. Louisa Watson, 
 Dr. William H. m. Mary R. Bllmaker, and John P. m. 
 A. Lizzie Davis. 
 
 Daniel Gunkle died Deo. 3, 1879, and his surviving 
 widow resides on the homestead with her unmarried son, 
 Michael M. Mr. Gunkle was well educated, having at- 
 tended, besides the common schools, the famous school of 
 Rev. Mr. Grier, at Brandywine Manor. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Bast Whiteland Presbyterian Church. Though 
 a miller by trade, he made farming his general avocation. 
 He was interested in all public improvements, and was uni- 
 versally respected in the community. 
 
 GARDNER, Francis (1), came from Coleraine, Ire- 
 land, in 1733, and settled at West Nantmeal, now Honey- 
 brook township. He was a man of strong mind, sound sense, 
 and determined will. His wife was a Wallace. They left 
 five children, — Joseph, Andrew, John, Eleanor, and Francis, 
 whose education was the best the country then afforded. 
 
 (1) Joseph Gardner was born in 1752. He was very 
 fond of study, read medicine, and was one of the first grad- 
 uates of the University of Pennsylvania. He was very 
 popular as a physician and much esteemed as a man, and 
 his field of practice extended from Honeybrook to Oxford. 
 He was not only physician, but referee in family jars and 
 neighborhood disputes. He married Isabella, daughter of 
 Robert Cochran and Janet (Boyd) Cochran. In the Rev- 
 olution he was an active man among the patriots of the 
 county, and raised two companies of troops for the service, 
 which were sent into the field. He was a member of As- 
 sembly in the years 1776, 1777, and 1778, and was chosen 
 a councilor in 1779. He was also a member of the Con- 
 tinental Congress in 1784 and 1785. He resided in West 
 Cain township, from whence he removed in 1792 to Elk- 
 ton, Md., at the solicitation of an old friend, who was giv- 
 ing up a large medical practice at that place. He died in 
 1794, at the age of forty-two years, and his wife in the 
 same year, at the age of forty. They were buried at the 
 church at Head of Christina, Del. (2) Andrew Gardner 
 was a man of fine appearance, great energy of character, 
 and an iron constitution. In the Revolution he joined Mor- 
 gan's riflemen and became one of the captains of that cele- 
 brated corps, and served throughout the war, retiring at its 
 close with no possessions but his horse and equipments. He 
 then settled near Pittsburgh, where he reared a large family. 
 His descendants are numerous and scattered over the West. 
 (3) John Gardner was a man of fine form and agreeable 
 manners. He commanded a company of scouts in the Rev- 
 olution, and was very daring, and many acts of bravery and 
 feats of horsemanship were related of him by his contem- 
 poraries long after the close of the war. He had two 
 desperate encounters with the Doanes, one at the Warren 
 tavern, and one at the Eagle, and he would frequently take 
 his company long rides at night to break up meetings of 
 Tories and outlaws. After the war, such was his popularity 
 that he was unanimously elected sheriff of Chester County. 
 At the expiration of his term of oflSce he removed with his 
 family to the South, and we have no further account of 
 them. (4) Eleanor Gardner married Nathaniel Porter 
 and removed to Washington County in "its early settlement. 
 Their descendants are now among its leading men . (5) Francis 
 
 Gardner was too young in Revolutionary days to engage in 
 that contest. He married Violet Irwin and settled at Mc- 
 Keesport, Pa., where many of his descendants still reside. 
 
 Dr. Joseph Gardner left three children, — Francis, Jane, 
 and Robert Cochran. (1) Francis Gardner was born in 
 1774. He was a very precocious lad, a student from his 
 childhood, and was a good Latin and Greek scholar at a 
 very early age. He studied medicine, and graduated at the 
 University of Pennsylvania. While his father remained 
 in the county, he assisted him in his extensive practice, and 
 afterwards continued on his own account. He was a mem- 
 ber of a troop of horse that went to Western Pennsylvania 
 to quell the Whisky Insurrection in 1794, when he was 
 twenty years of age. He was subsequently a member of 
 the Legislature two years. He was agreeable in his man- 
 ners, was well read in literature, and one of the finest con- 
 versationalists of the day. He was very popular with all 
 classes of people, and his advice was much sought after in 
 their difficulties. His home was in Sadsbury (now Valley) 
 township, where he died Jan. 20, 1815, aged forty-one 
 years, and was buried at St. John's churchyard, near Com- 
 passville. (2) Jane Gardner, born in 1770, married John 
 G. Parke, and died Oct. 14, 1832, leaving six sons, whose 
 names are given in the account of the Parke family. She 
 was a woman of pleasant manners and great decision of char- 
 acter. (3) Robert C. Gardner, born in 1781, became a sea- 
 faring man early in life. He was a captain in the merchant 
 service, and made several voyages to Canton. He was at St. 
 Domingo at the time of the massacre, escaped in an open 
 boat, and was taken up by an American vessel lying outside. 
 He subsequently returned to Pennsylvania in failing health 
 and went to Bedford Springs, and died at Shippensburg on 
 his return in 1808, and was buried there. 
 
 Dr. Francis Gardner left fivechildren, — two sons and three 
 daughters. The sons were Joseph and Thomas H. Joseph 
 became a physician, and is now deceased. Thomas H. re- 
 sides in Oxford, and is now (1 881) eighty-three years of age. 
 
 GRIFFITH, Benoni, settled in Willistown, where he 
 purchased 100 acres of land in 1716. He married Catha- 
 rine, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Owen, and died 
 about 1760. His widow was living in 1785. Their chil- 
 dren were Elizabeth, b. 7, 6, 1720, m. 10, 10, 1742, to 
 Uriah White; Nathan, b. 7, 21, 1722, probably died 
 young, and another Nathan, b. 3, 2, 1724 ; Hannah ; 
 Sarah, m. 4, 26, 1746, to Rees Morgan ; John, m. 5, 20, 
 1762, to Jane Yarnall ; Ezekiel ; Rachel, m. 5, 11, 1757, 
 to Joseph Randall. 
 
 Nathan married Rachel Williamson, born 12th mo., 
 1727, died 2, 2, 1794. Nathan died 7, 9, 1790, and both 
 were buried at Goshen. Their children were Hannah, b. 
 3, 30, 1750, m. Thomas Dring; Mary, b. 10, 21, 1751, d. 
 2, 27, 1815, m. Isaac Hoopes; Phebe, b. 11, 27, 1754, m. 
 Sampson Barnett; Abigail, b. 12, 21, 1755, m. Abiah 
 Hoopes ; Jane, b. 10, 27, 1757, m. Ellis Davies ; Cathar- 
 ine, b. 11, 8, 1759, d. 11, 22, 1841, m. David Regester; 
 Rachel, b. 12, 30, 1761, m. Richard Abbott ; Lydia, b. 10, 
 18, 1763, m. Joseph Eldridge ; Abner, b. 3, 17, 1765, d. 
 10, 27, 1837, m. Phebe Griffith and Amy Garrett; Su- 
 sanna, b. 12, 21, 1766 ; Elizabeth, b. 9, 22, 1772, m. Mor- 
 decai Yarnall. 
 
574 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Evan Griffith, son of Howell Griffith, of Pembroke- 
 shire, in Wales, embarked with his wife for America in 
 1704, but they were captured by the Spaniards and suf- 
 fered harsh treatment. Being ransomed by the British 
 government, they were sent to Charleston, S. C, whence 
 they came to Pennsylvania, and settled in what is now 
 Montgomery County, afterwards in Hilltown, Bucks Co. 
 By a second wife Evan had a son, Nathaniel, who married 
 Elizabeth Davis. Nathaniel was buried June 17, 1790, 
 and his widow died Jan. 30, 1802, aged eighty-six. Ben- 
 jamin Griffith, son of Nathaniel, married Martha Lewis, 
 and removed to the northern part of Chester County 
 shortly before his mother's death, as it is thought she lived 
 with him, and was buried at Brandywine Manor Church. 
 Benjamin died in Honeybrook, May 15, 1804, aged fifty- 
 one, and his widow April 21, 1834, aged about seventy- 
 eight. Their children were Elizabeth, b. 1779, died when 
 about eighteen ; Abel, b. 1781 ; Abner, b. 1784 ; Nathan, 
 b. 1786 ; Amos, b. 1789, and still living ; Benjamin, b. 
 1792, d. unmarried, a physician. 
 
 Dr. Benjamin Griffith was twelve years of age when his 
 father died, and for the next two years lived with his brother 
 Abner. In May, 1806, he was placed under the care of 
 John F. Grier to learn the Latin and Greek languages, at 
 which he spent a little over two years. In September, 
 1808, he entered upon the study of medicine under Dr. 
 William^. Duffield, of Strasburg, where he continued until 
 October, 1810. He next went to Philadelphia, and attended 
 lectures by Drs. Rush, Physick, James, and Chapman, and 
 on April 1, 1811, moved to John Moore's, in West Nant- 
 meal, and commenced to practice medicine. In the winter 
 of 1816-17 he returned to Philadelphia, and attended lec- 
 tures by Drs. Chapman, Physick, Coxe, Wistar, and James, 
 after which he resumed his practice at his former location. 
 Beside a careful attention to the duties of his profession, 
 he was much interested in all public measures, and his pen 
 was often engaged in the advocacy of improvement and 
 reform. This led to his being elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture in 1830, '31, and '32, where he appears to have dis- 
 charged himself of the trust to the satisfaction of his con- 
 stituents. 
 
 Dr. Joseph Griffith was the second son of Jonathan 
 and Sarah Griffith, respectable members of the Society of 
 Friends. He was born in Richland township, Bucks Co., 
 Pa., Aug. 29, 1790. 
 
 While in his minority he had no other educational ad- 
 vantages than the limited ones afforded by the common 
 schools of the vicinity. He at first engaged in agriculture, 
 but soon after turned his attention to study, and under the 
 care of a competent teacher in his vicinity qualified him- 
 self for the profession of teaching, which vocation he pur- 
 sued until the spring of 1815, when he commenced the 
 study of medicine in Charlestown village, Chester Co., under 
 the direction of the late Dr. Samuel Nixon. He was a 
 zealous and successful student, and after attending two 
 courses of lectures in the University of Pennsylvania lie 
 commenced the practice of medicine near Lionville, Uwchlan 
 township, Chester Co. 
 
 Two years after, he resigned his practice to his cousin, 
 Dr. Ellis Lewis, whose pupil he became. He remained with 
 
 Dr. Lewis a year, after which he attended a third course of 
 lectures in the University of Pennsylvania, and received 
 the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the spring of 1821. 
 His inaugural thesis was upon dysentery, a disease which 
 prevailed extensively in his neighborhood, and in the man- 
 agement of which he was eminently successful. After ob- 
 taining his degree he located at Kimberton, Chester Co., 
 where he soon gained an extensive practice, in which he 
 incessantly labored until the time of his decease, a period 
 of twenty-eight years. 
 
 In December, 1832, he was married to Miss Dorothy 
 Whiteside, an English lady, who, with six children, — four 
 sons and two daughters, — still (1850) survive him. 
 
 In practice Dr. Griffith's preference was for surgery and 
 obstetrics, in which departments he was particularly suc- 
 cessful. In his intercourse with the sick he was kind and 
 sympathizing, and in an eminent degree secured the confi- 
 dence and respect of the whole community in which he 
 moved. Towards the poor he was never exacting, on the 
 contrary, his liberality often rendered him a prey to the dis- 
 honest and unprincipled. In his intercourse with his pro- 
 fessional brethren he was courteous and honorable, strictly 
 observing all the requirements of professional etiquette. 
 Among all classes he was held in the highest esteem, and 
 deep sorrow pervaded the community in which he lived 
 upon the announcement of his sudden death, which occurred 
 on the 10th of August, 1849, of epidemic cholera. — (^Medi- 
 cal Reporter, vol. iii. p. 121). 
 
 The name of Griffith is Welsh, and there are many fami- 
 lies bearing it who are in no way related, so far as known. 
 
 GRONOW, Lewis, was one of the early and stanch 
 collaborators of those Chester County patriots who assisted 
 to put the ball in motion which resulted in the independ- 
 ence of these United States. He was one of the county 
 committee which assumed the local government in Decem- 
 ber, 1774, under the auspices of the Continental Congress ; 
 and on March 20, 1775, that committee met at the house 
 of Richard Cheyney, in East Cain, and on motion, 
 
 " Ordered, That Mr. Hookley, Mr. Johnston, Mr. Gronow, Mr. 
 Lloyd, Mr. Frazer, Mr. Moore, and Mr. Taylor be a committee to 
 essay a draught of a petition to present to the General Assembly of 
 this province, vpith regard to the manumission of slaves, especially 
 relating to the freedom of infants hereafter born of black women, 
 within this colony." 
 
 In 1777, Mr. Gronow was elected a member of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly for Chester County. He was also a sub-lieu- 
 tenant of the county, — one of the officers having charge of 
 the military organization of the same. On June 17, 1777, 
 an order was drawn in favor of Lewis Gronow, Esq., sub- 
 lieutenant of Chester County, for $4000, for the purpose of 
 procuring substitutes, blankets, etc. And again, March 
 30, 1780, Col. Robert Smith was appointed lieutenant, 
 and Col. Thomas Cheyney, Lewis Gronow, Andrew Boyd, 
 Thomas Levis, and Robert Wilson were appointed sub- 
 lieutenants of the county of Chester. 
 
 Lewis Gronow, it is believed, died soon after this, and 
 his personal history, like that of many other good patriots 
 of those days, seems to be nearly lost ; but his memory re- 
 mains in our archives as that of a faithful servant in his 
 country's cause. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 575 
 
 GREEN, Thomas, with Margaret, his wife, and sons 
 Thomas and John, arrived in this country from England 
 in 1686, and settled in Concord. A daughter, Mary, wife 
 of Richard Moore, dame in company with them. Thomas 
 bought 400 acres of land in 1691, which he divided be- 
 tween his two sons. John died unmarried in or before 
 1695. From the will of Margaret Green, who died in 
 1708, it would appear that she had also a son, Robert 
 Green. Thomas Green, Jr., died about 1712, leaving a 
 widow, Sarah, and sons Thomas and Robert. Thomas 
 
 married Mary , and lived in East Cain for some time. 
 
 He seems to have been interested in the subject of iron- 
 works on Brandywine. Robert was born in Concord or 
 Birmingham about the year 1694, and married, 9, 18, 
 1724, Rachel Vernon, of Bethel, daughter of John and 
 Sarah (Pyle) Vernon. He died in Birmingham, 3, 20, 
 1779, in his eighty-fifth year, and his wife 2, 17, 1751. 
 Their son, Robert Green, married Hannah Clayton, of West 
 Bradford, 6, 10, 1756, and died in Birmingham, Delaware 
 Co., about 1790, leaving children, — Jesse, Amos, Silas, 
 Robert, Lot, Abigail (married to Nathaniel HoUingsworth), 
 Rachel, and Rebecca. 
 
 Jesse Green, born 4, 23, 1757, died 3, 12, 1844, mar- 
 ried, first, 1, 14, 1789, Edith Thatcher, daughter of Wil- 
 liam and Sarah, of Thornbury, and, second, 3, 12, 1795, 
 Mary, daughter of Samuel and Deborah Cope, of East Brad- 
 ford. By the first wife he had one son, William, and by 
 the second John, Edith (married to Thomas Darlington), 
 and Samuel C. Green. Jesse died at the residence of son 
 William, in East Bradford. William Green, born 12, 18, 
 1791, died 4, 19, 1881, in West Chester. He married 
 Phebe Hatton, who survives him, together with his chil- 
 dren, — Edith, Jesse C, and Ann Eliza. Jesse C. Green is 
 a well-known dentist of West Chester, and aside from his 
 profession is a devoted student of physical science, and 
 president of the Microscopical Society. 
 
 GRIER, Rev. Nathan, was the son of John and Agnes 
 (Caldwell) Grier, who came to this country from the north 
 of Ireland. He was born in Bucks Co., Pa., in September, 
 1760 ; pursued his preparatory studies under the direction 
 of his brother, Rev. James Grier ; graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania in 1783 ; was licensed by the 
 Presbytery of Philadelphia, and became pastor of the 
 church of " Forks of Brandywine,'' Chester County, as 
 the successor of Rev. John Carmichael, in 1787. He pos- 
 sessed natural and acquired endowments which fitted him 
 for great usefulness. He had a very commanding voice, 
 and an earnestness and solemnity of manner which secured 
 attention. He spoke as one who felt the weight of minis- 
 terial responsibility. He was a man of great firmness of 
 purpose. What he regarded as duty must be done. In 
 all his relations he always endeavored to know what was 
 right, and to maintain it with vigor and independence. He 
 was possessed of a social disposition, and in familiar inter- 
 course with his friends he received and imparted much 
 enjoyment. His reputation as an eloquent preacher and 
 a learned divine brought under his care an unusual number 
 of students for the ministry. There were at that time no 
 theological seminaries, and young men were trained for the 
 ministry under the direction of the older and more cele- 
 
 brated divines. He had under his care at different times 
 twenty students in theology, seventeen of whom entered 
 the ministry of the Presbyterian Church, one the Episcopal 
 ministry, and two never applied for licensure. Among 
 these students were David McConoughy, D.D., who became 
 president of Washington College, Pennsylvania ; Levi Bull, 
 D.D., who became an eminent minister in the Episcopal 
 Church ; Robert White, Samuel Parke, and the preceptor's 
 sons, Robert S. Grier and John N. C. Grier. His wife 
 was Susanna, daughter of Robert and Margaret Smith, by 
 whom he had three daughters and two sons. Two of his 
 daughters became the wives of Rev. Robert White and 
 Rev. Samuel Parke, who had pursued their theological 
 studies under his care. His oldest son, Robert S. Grier, 
 was pastor of churches in Carlisle Presbytery, and the young- 
 est, John N. C. Grier, D.D., succeeded his father as pastor 
 of Forks of Brandywine in 1814. Rev. Nathan Grier 
 died March 30, 1814, in the vigor of life, and in the midst 
 of usefulness. He was pastor of the Brandywine Church 
 twenty-seven years. 
 
 Robert Smith Grier, the son of Rev. Nathan and 
 Susanna (Smith) Grier, was born at Brandywine Manor, 
 Chester Co., May 11, 1790. His father was pastor of the 
 Presbyterian Church of the Porks of Brandywine. He 
 was prepared for college at the Brandywine Academy, and 
 graduated at Dickinson College, Sept. 27, 1809. He 
 studied theology under the instruction of his father, and 
 was licensed to preach by New Castle Presbytery, Septem- 
 ber, 1812, He was installed pastor of churches near Em- 
 mettsburg, Md., in April, 1814, and remained in the one 
 charge until his death, Dec. 28, 1865. In his preaching he 
 was clear, energetic, and instructive, and his ministrations 
 were characterized by punctuality, fidelity, and ability. As 
 an illustration of his intrepid fidelity, it may be mentioned 
 that years before the system of slavery appeared to the eye 
 of the nation as it now appears, and although he resided in 
 a State where the system was legalized, he openly opposed 
 it as a crime against God and man, and vindicated all proper 
 measures to deliver the slave from bondage. He lived to 
 see the system eradicated. 
 
 GRUBB, John, with his wife Frances, was a resident 
 of Upland as early as 1679, but does not appear to have 
 been settled there as early as 1677. In 1679, jointly with 
 Richard Buffington, he purchased 300 acres of land on the 
 southwest side of Chester Creek above Chester, and may 
 have resided there some time. His occupation was that of 
 a tanner. His children were Emanuel, John, Joseph, 
 Henry, Samuel, Nathaniel, Peter, Charity, and Phebe, all 
 of whom were living at the time of his death in 1708. 
 His daughter Charity was married to Richard Beeson prior 
 to his death. He does not appear to have been a Quaker, 
 and probably was an Episcopalian. His age was about 
 sixty years. 
 
 Samuel Grubb settled in East Bradford on the farm now 
 of William Gibbons. Nathaniel married Ann Moore and 
 settled in Willistown. He was a member of Assembly, 
 trustee of the loan office, etc. Peter Grubb went to what 
 is now Lebanon County, where he was a prominent iron- 
 master. Phebe married Richard Buffington, Jr., and Simon 
 Hadly. 
 
576 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 --^j' 
 
 a€^y^ (^ C^/^^m^ 
 
 GORDON, John, an emigrant from Scotland, settled at 
 the time of the Revolutionary war near Downingtown, in 
 this county, and married Jane Downing, of an old-established 
 family at that point. Their son Joseph married Rebecca 
 Rogers, to whom were born eight children, of whom the 
 second child, 
 
 John Rogers Gordon, was born 6th mo. 25, ISl'?, 
 in Uwchlan township, as was his father before him. He 
 passed his boyhood on the farm, attending the common 
 schools, and one winter at Jonathan Gause's academy at 
 Unionville. He was married, 3d mo. 3, 1847, to Leah A. 
 Essick, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Essick, by whom 
 he had three children, of whom one (William) is liv- 
 ing. His wife died in 1852, and he was the second time 
 married, 4th mo. 7, 1859, to Deborah H., daughter of 
 Isaac and Mary (Hawley) Smedley. In the spring of 
 1847 he moved to his present farm of 147 acres. He has 
 repeatedly acted as supervisor. He belongs to the Society 
 of Friends of Uwchlan Meeting, at Lionville. On Tiis 
 paternal side he is of Scotch extraction, and on the mater- 
 nal of Welsh. 
 
 Since his first marriage he has built three dwelling- 
 houses, in addition to several barns and many other valuable 
 and lasting improvements to his real estate. His home- 
 stead is splendidly located in a fine section of the county 
 and in a good neighborhood. 
 
 GUSS, Charles, born in Baden, Germany, in 1732, 
 came to Trappe, Montgomery Co., about 1750, and in 
 1764 was living in Pikeland township, Chester Co., where 
 he was a school-teacher. He married Mary Shunk, July 
 12, 1761. She was born May 4, 1741, and died April 30, 
 
 1821. Charles died Sept. 1, 1795, and both are buried at 
 Rhodes' Church, in East Vincent. 
 
 Their children were Mary Magdalene, b. March 29, 
 1762 ; Charles, b. Jan. 3, 1765 ; Rachel, b. March 29, 
 1767, m. Conrad Holman ; Catharine and Elizabeth, twins, 
 b. Jan. 30, 1770 ; Samuel, b. Feb. 15, 1773, d. April 20, 
 1818, m. Barbara Knerr ; Salome, b. Sept. 10, 1777, m. 
 Conrad Holman. Samuel and Barbara Guss removed to 
 Perry, and thence to Juniata County, and died at MiflSin. 
 They had ten children, of whom their son Samuel, b. July 
 4, 1796, lived at West Chester, married Sevenia Ruhl, 
 and was the father of Col. Henry R., Samuel, Levi, and 
 Francis M. Guss. 
 
 H ADLY, Simon, with Ruth, his wife, came from Ireland 
 about the year 1712 and settled in the edge of New Castle 
 County, near New Garden, where a house built by him in 
 1717 is still standing and occupied as a residence. 
 
 His children were Joseph, b. 8, 25, 1698 ; Deborah, b. 
 2, 25, 1701 ; Joshua, b. 3, 6, 1703 ; Simon, b. 12, 23, 
 1704-5, d. 11, 4, 1730-1 ; Hannah, b. 11, 16, 1709-10 ; 
 Ruth, b. 12, 6, 1711-2 ; Katharine, b. 2, 25, 1715 ; Ann, 
 b. 12, 7, 1717-8. The mother died 12, 18, 1750-1, and 
 was buried at New Garden, after which Simon married 
 Phebe, widow of Richard Buffington, of Bradford. The 
 name is now written Hadley, and the descendants are very 
 numerous in this county and elsewhere. 
 
 HAINES, John, was a settler at Lumberton, N. J., as 
 early as 1683, and is said to have lived at first in a cave. 
 Tradition also states that he sent for his father and brothers 
 to come over to this country, and that the father died at sea. 
 There is a deed on record from Edward Byllinge to Richard 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 577 
 
 Haines of " Anoe on y" hill, in y' County of Oxon," for 
 100 acres of land in New Jersey. This " Anoe" is sup- 
 posed to refer to Aynho, in a point of Northampton, which 
 extends into Oxfordshire. Richard Haines was doubtless 
 the father of John, Richard, Williaui, Thomas, and Joseph, 
 who all lived for a time in Burlington County. 
 
 John Haines, husbandman, and Esther Borton, both of 
 Northampton River, were married, 10, 10, 1684, in Bur- 
 lington County. She was doubtless the daughter of John 
 and Ann Borton, of Ayno, in the county of Northampton, 
 b. 5, 25, 1667. 
 
 John and Esther had children,- — John, Elizabeth, Jona- 
 than, Mary, Esther, Isaac, Caleb, Josiah, Rebecca, Phebe, 
 Ann, and perhaps others. The father purchased 965 acres 
 of land in Goshen, Chester Co., in 1702, including that 
 part of West Chester south of Gay Street. He also pur- 
 chased in 1710, 254 acres to the northeast of West Chester. 
 In 1715 he conveyed to his son John 365 acres of the first 
 tract, and by his will, in 1728, devised of the remainder 
 150 acres, bounded northward by the north line of the 
 Agricultural Society's ground, and eastward by the borough 
 line, to his son Isaac ; to his son John, 50 acres next his 
 other land, and to his daughters, Rebecca, Phebe, Esther, 
 and Mary, each 100 acres. All of these children, except 
 Esther and Mary, came to Goshen. Rebecca married 
 Joseph Matlack, Phebe married John Burros (Burroughs?), 
 Esther, Thomas Evans, and Mary, Thomas Lippincott. 
 
 John Haines, Jr., with Elizabeth, his wife, came from 
 New Jersey in 1711. His wife died about 1726, and in 
 1728 he married Jane Smith. He returned to New Jer- 
 sey before his death. 
 
 Isaac Haines came over as early as 1714, and in that 
 year married Catharine, daughter of Ellis David, of Go- 
 shen. His father conveyed to him in 1717 the 254 acres 
 on the northeast side of West Chester, and there he built a 
 house and made his residence. This land was divided by 
 will between his sons Ellis and Josiah, the latter receiving 
 the homestead part, which in 1787 he sold to William 
 Rogers, from Vincent. The children of Isaac and Catha- 
 rine were Esther, b. 6, 13, 1715 ; Hannah, b. 1, 4, 1717, 
 m. to John Eachus ; Isaac, b. 8, 10, 1718 ; Mary, b. 6, 2, 
 
 1720, m. William Wall and Martin ; Jane, b. 12, 18, 
 
 1721, m. Joseph Yarnall ; Ellis, m. 8, 10, 1751, to Mar- 
 garet Jones; Lydia, m. 2, 1, 1748, to Ellis Williams; Jo- 
 siah, m. Ann Husband ; Phebe, m. to Daniel Durborow ; 
 Sarah. 
 
 Isaac Haines, Jr., was married, 8, 5, 1744, to Mary, 
 daughter of Lawrence and Ellen Cox, of Willistown, and 
 settled on his father's land, on the south side of West Ches- 
 ter. His children were Elisha ; Eleanor, m. to Jacob But- 
 ler and Thomas Frame ; Isaac, m. about 1772 to Lydia 
 Davis ; Caleb, b. 6, 17, 1754 ; Jesse, b. 9, 14, 1756, 
 d. 9, 8, 1856, m. 10, 6, 1785, Rachel Olley, daughter of 
 James and Ann ; John, m. to Jane Sharpless ; Jacob, m. 
 11, 6, 1783, to Martha Sharpless, 4, 6, 1797, to Mary 
 Hoopes, and 5, 14, 1801, to Lydia Thomson. 
 
 The children of Isaac and Lydia Haines were David, 
 Ezra, Mary, Isaac, Lydia, George, and William. The chil- 
 dren of Jesse and Rachel Haines were Mary, Jacob, b. 7, 6, 
 1788 ; Eeuben, Jesse P., William Ellis, b. 5, 1, 1794, d. 
 73 
 
 4, 6, 1880, and Thomas. Of these, Jacob married Rachel 
 Ellis, and was the father of Dr. William E. Haines and 
 others. 
 
 Ezra Haines, during the latter part of his life, was a mer- 
 chant in West Chester. He was born 12, 2, 1774, and 
 died 5, 28, 1861. His wife was Ann, daughter of Reuben 
 and Lydia (Townsend) John, and their children were John 
 T., Lydia, Eber D., Maria, Reuben, Isaac, and Jane. His 
 brother David was a carpenter and builder in West Ches- 
 ter, and was the father of Benjamin F. Haines, long time 
 keeper of the county prison. George Haines, another 
 brother, was the father of Garrett (now deceased), Gran- 
 ville B., a merchant in Philadelphia, and of George Haines, 
 of West Chester. 
 
 Townsend Haines* was born at West Chester, Ches- 
 ter Co., Pa., on the 7th day of January, 1792. Caleb, the 
 father of Townsend, was born June 17, 1754. He was 
 living with his father, and had about attained his majority 
 when the war between the colonies and the mother-country 
 began. The Friends of the period, being averse to war, 
 were accused by their ardent and patriotic countrymen of 
 being disaffected to the American cause. Caleb Haines 
 was frequently involved in disputes in consequence of ac- 
 cusations against his friends and family, and came to be re- 
 garded as a partisan of the royal cause. Deeming himself 
 unsafe at home in the heated political condition of the 
 country, he in the fall of 1777, in company with two com- 
 panions of about the same age, fled to Philadelphia, and 
 took refuge with the British army, then occupying that 
 city. There, after a short delay, he enlisted in the troop 
 of Col. Tarleton, and served in that troop to the end of the 
 Revolutionary war. This troop suffered large losses in the 
 campaigns of 1779, '80, and '81, in the Carolinas and Vir- 
 ginia. Caleb Haines stated to me on one occasion that 
 there were three times as many men belonging to this troop 
 killed as it at any time contained. On the termination of 
 the Revolutionary struggle, Caleb Haines became a refugee 
 from his country, and lived in Nova Scotia till an act of 
 amnesty was passed by Congress. He then returned to 
 West Chester, where he married early in 1791. His wife 
 was Ann Ryant, daughter of Charles and Hannah Ryant. 
 She was a woman of poetic temperament, fond of reading, 
 and addicted, when young, to versification. Townsend was 
 her eldest son, and was born in a log house on the West 
 Chester and Wilmington road, about one hundred and fifty 
 yards south of the present residence of Enos Smedley, in 
 the borough of West Chester. The house was standing 
 within forty years, and is still recollected by many of our 
 citizens. 
 
 In 1796, Caleb Haines removed from West Chester to a 
 farm in West Goshen, which he leased of the heirs of Fran- 
 cis Hoopes. In 1806 he became a lessee of Mary Ellicott, 
 .of 400 acres of the Avondale farm in New Garden, and 
 resided there till April, 1809. He then purchased a farm 
 of 179 acres in East Nottingham, and resided there till his 
 death, Nov. 12, 1846, in the ninety-third year of his age. 
 He was a man of excellent sense, quiet manners, and 
 amiable disposition. 
 
 » Memoir prepared by Hon. Joseph J. I^ewis. 
 
578 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 The boyhood of Townsend Haioes differed in no respect 
 from that of other farmers' sons in a similar condition of 
 fortune. Nine months of each year were spent in assisting 
 in the labors of the farm. During the three winter months 
 of each he usually attended some common country school, 
 in which he learned reading, writing, arithmetic, and ac- 
 quired some general notions of geography. In October, 
 1809, he entered the boarding-school of Enoch Lewis at 
 ^ew Garden, and remained with him as a pupil about 
 nine months. During this period he became pretty well 
 acquainted with English grammar, improved his knowledge 
 of arithmetic, and studied algebra, geometry, practical sur- 
 veying, mensuration, and trigonometry. In that school he 
 was made for the first time to comprehend the processes 
 by which scientific truth was evolved, and was inducted into 
 
 gave particular attention to the branches of study of which 
 she took cognizance. 
 
 Townsend Haines left Enoch Lewis' school with the 
 reputation of a youth of bright parts, capable of rapid ac- 
 quisition but indisposed to effort, and rarely doing himself 
 full justice. He immediately engaged to teach a country 
 school, and continued in that occupation for several years, 
 with occasional intervals, however, during which he assisted 
 his father on his farm. While teaching he read exten- 
 sively, and among other subjects, mental philosophy obtained 
 a considerable share of his attention. He also learned to 
 speak in public by attending the meetings of debating soci- 
 eties, in which, after a few discouraging attempts, he became 
 conspicuous as a debater. He was not well satisfied with 
 his avocation as a teacher, and began to look forward to 
 
 /7^"77--i->^ 
 
 ^^-5z-z-^;^t;£2Us^2.^ 
 
 a mode of abstract reasoning which attained a conclusion 
 that was irresistible. He was subjected to a mental drill 
 of which previously he had no conception, and not only 
 learned perfectly well what he did learn, but acquired a 
 consciousness of complete mastery over his acquisition. In 
 later life he appreciated this more highly than he did while 
 at school, and ho often acknowledged his obligations to his 
 teacher. 
 
 Mrs. Lewis was accustomed to give attention to the 
 reading and grammar classes, and imparted to Townsend 
 some ideas of elocution, which were of value to him in his 
 subsequent career at the bar. She was a woman of a supe- 
 rior and well-cultivated mind, sweet affability of manners, 
 and of uncommon eloquence, and her intercourse with the 
 pupils was of the most agreeable kind. Her kindness to 
 Townsend, and her considerate treatment of him so won 
 lipon him that l^e made it a special object to please her, and 
 
 preparing himself for some other occupation more congenial 
 with the disposition and temper of his mind. In 1815 he 
 removed to West Chester, and took lessons of Mr. Glass in 
 Latin, in order the better to qualify himself for a profession. 
 After a few months he entered the oflBce of Isaac Darling- 
 ton, Esq., then a leading member of the Chester County 
 bar, and commenced the study of the law. He was a dili- 
 gent student, read carefully and thoroughly, and Feb. 7, 
 1818, was admitted to practice. 
 
 For a time Mr. Haines' practice was inconsiderable. 
 The principal part of the law business of the county was 
 divided among a few of the elder practitioners, who were 
 experienced and able men. For some time he was obliged 
 to be content with a small amount of Orphans' Court 
 business, and with defending in the criminal courts persons 
 charged with offenses against the peace of the Common- 
 wealth. In this latter line of practice -he soon acquired 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 579 
 
 popularity, and it constituted a good introduction to the 
 trial of jury cases in the Common Pleas. Towards the end 
 of the first year after his admission to the bar he considered 
 bis prospects sufficiently encouraging to warrant him in 
 assuming additional responsibilities. Jan. 4, 1819, he was 
 married to Anna Maria Derrick. She was the daughter 
 of Philip and Sarah Derrick, the former of whom was then 
 deceased. Her family was highly respectable, and distantly 
 connected with his own, his grandmother and her great- 
 grandmother being the same person, Hannah (Sharpless), 
 the wife of Charles Ryant. 
 
 In the fall of 1822 he lost by death his brother, William 
 Haines, then a member of the Chester County bar. He 
 was a young man of brilliant talents and promising ex- 
 pectations. His death was a subject not only of deep pri- 
 vate grief, but was also a public loss. He had the family 
 gift of versification, and was a good writer and a fine 
 speaker. 
 
 Soon after Mr. Haines was admitted to the bar he was 
 invited to deliver an oration on the anniversary of Ameri- 
 can independence. He accepted the invitation, and his 
 oration created some sensation, principally by reason of the 
 political sentiments announced in it. Having lived in the 
 State of Delaware immediately prior to his entering upon 
 the study of the law, he had been for some time without a 
 vote in Pennsylvania, under the constitution as it then ex- 
 isted, and he had to choose to which of the two parties, 
 Federal or Democratic, he would attach himself. He 
 availed himself of the opportunity afforded him by the oc- 
 casion to declare his preference for the Democracy, to the 
 disappointment of many of his friends and associates, who 
 were mostly of the opposite party. He voted with the 
 Democrats that year, and steadily till the gubernatorial 
 election of 1823, when, a division having occurred in the 
 party, he went with the portion denominated Quids, who 
 nominated Joseph Heister for Governor, in opposition to 
 James Findlay, the regular party candidate. Heister was 
 supported by the Federalists and elected, and a number of 
 Democrats who in the struggle affiliated with their former 
 antagonists remained with them in subsequent contests. 
 Among these was Mr. Haines, whose personal popularity 
 made him an important acquisition to his new friends, and 
 in 1826 they showed their appreciation of his ability to 
 serve them by electing him a member of the State Legis- 
 lature. In 1827 he was re-elected. 
 
 In the Legislature his party, though strong in talent, was 
 weak in number. Mr. Meredith, of Philadelphia, then a 
 very young man, was a leading spirit, and fought the bat- 
 tles of his party with an eloquence and ability that dis- 
 tanced all rivalry. Mr. Haines co-operated cordially with 
 him, and, though diffident and disinclined even to share the 
 responssibility of leadership or to become in any way prom- 
 inent, was a valuable and efficient coadjutor. During the 
 first session they were together at the seat of the State 
 government, he contracted with Mr. Meredith a friendship 
 which continued without interruption as long as he lived. 
 He was not active or laborious in committee, or forward in 
 debate, and was indeed rather an unfrequent speaker, but 
 when he did speak he was forcible and made a decided im- 
 pression on the House ; and he rarely failed to satisfy his 
 
 audience that his efforts were not equal to his abilities, and 
 that whatever power he exhibited, he had much more in 
 reserve. 
 
 After the close of his second term in the Legislature, 
 Mr. Haines was nominated for Congress by the Adams 
 party of the Congressional district of Lancaster, Chester, 
 and Delaware Counties as successor to Mr. Miner, who de- 
 clined being a candidate. The Adams party combined the 
 elements of opposition to the Jackson Democracy, and was 
 composed of the mass of the old Federal party, and such 
 small portion of the old Democratic party as did not sym- 
 pathize with the movement in favor of the great military 
 chief, and was not involved in the tempest of popular en- 
 thusiasm which was bearing him onward. The district had 
 been for many years largely anti-Democratic, and Mr. 
 Haines expected an easy victory ; but in this he was dis- 
 appointed, and, contrary to general expectation, the Congres- 
 sional Jackson ticket was elected. 
 
 This political defeat brought to Mr. Haines some change of 
 prospect, and he began, as soon as the excitement attending 
 the contest passed away, to give more attention to business 
 than he had hitherto done. Gen. Barnard, who was one of the, 
 leaders of the bar, on the inauguration of Governor Shulze, 
 in December, 1826, had been called to Harrisburg to serve 
 as Secretary of the Commonwealth; and in December, 
 1827, John Duer, an old practitioner of large practice, had 
 died. These changes in the condition of the bar opened 
 a fine field for the younger members of the profession, and 
 some of the more enterprising entered at once into sharp 
 competition for the business that had been relinquished by 
 their two elder brethren. Mr. Haines possessed a large 
 share of public confidence, and if he had cared to exert 
 himself, might at once have secured a sufficient accession 
 to his practice to satisfy his wishes, oven if they had been 
 less moderate than they were ; but his attention at that time 
 being largely occupied by politics, he moved along in his 
 profession in the easy way to which his habits inclined, and 
 made no effort to avail himself of the advantages offered 
 by events. Business solicited him, but the interest he took 
 in it was not of a kind that contributed to its growth. 
 When the tumult of the great contest for President sub- 
 sided, disappointed and chagrined by the result, profes- 
 sional employment became measurably a relief to him, and 
 he engaged in practice with more earnestness than he had 
 previously manifested. A number of cases of importance 
 were committed to his care, and his efforts exhibited un- 
 usual ability, and were attended by remarkable success. He 
 had much skill in cross-examination, and seldom failed in 
 an attempt to extort the truth from an unwilling witness. 
 This he did, not by browbeating, for to that unmanly 
 practice he never resorted, but by a kind and candid man- 
 ner which appealed to the better feelings and overcame the 
 repugnancy of the witness, and by a judicious train of 
 questions which made the answer desired the natural se- 
 quence to prior admission. But it was principally in ad- 
 dressing juries that his power was displayed. He had a 
 handsome person, a dignified and imposing presence, a 
 voice at once strong and musical, a grave, deliberate, earnest, 
 and forcible manner, a lively imagination, which gave him 
 the command of appropriate images, and a comprehensive 
 
580 
 
 HI8T0EY OF CHESTEE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 grasp that enabled him to deal with facts in the style of a 
 master. In technical knowledge he was deficient. He 
 usually trusted to his colleague for the law of the case, and 
 rarely attempted to argue to the court on the admissibility of 
 evidence. As an advocate, he was strong, luminous, bril- 
 liant, and sometimes even grand. As a mere lawyer, he was 
 unready, subject to surprises, and never forcible in argu- 
 ment, except after laborious preparation, to which he was 
 averse. 
 
 At the time Mr. Haines engaged in practice, and for 
 several years later, there was among certain members of the 
 bar a good deal of unkind feeling, which was often openly 
 manifested during the trial of jury cases by much asperity 
 of personal remark, of which each in turn was the subject. 
 But although Mr. Haines was frequently associated with 
 counsel who seldom let slip an opportunity to sting an an- 
 tagonist, I can remember, in the course of the twenty-eight 
 years we practiced together, no single instance of his being 
 involved in a personal controversy with a brother-lawyer. 
 His demeanor was so uniformly courteous and his conduct 
 so scrupulously fair that he provoked no resentment; he 
 easily made allowance for a retort causelessly severe occur- 
 ring in the heat of argument under the impulse of tran- 
 sient excitement, and his ready wit often enabled him to 
 turn aside with a laugh an envenomed shaft flung at his 
 colleague. He was sensitive withal, and if he received an 
 insult which he deemed intentional or wanton, he was not 
 of a disposition to pass it by unnoticed ; but he would not 
 create a scene in court, or be provoked to become a party 
 to an altercation by which his personal dignity or the dig- 
 nity of the bar might be compromised. 
 
 The effort put forth by Mr. Haines to achieve distin- 
 guished success at the bar, being out of accord with his 
 natural dispositions, and unsustained by high aspirations, 
 was of short duration. How long it continued I cannot 
 say, for, from my own observation, I could not be quite sure 
 of its actual existence, and I know of it only from himself; 
 but it was persisted in long enough to satisfy him that a 
 larger business was certainly within his power, and that all 
 that was necessary on his part to obtain it was a willing- 
 ness to devote to it the time and attention it would require. 
 But he was destitute of that spontaneous energy that de- 
 mands employment as a necessity, and he preferred an easy, 
 unanxious life, with no more care than was required by a 
 moderate practice, to larger gains and high professional 
 position accompanied by continual toil. " I counted," said 
 he, " the cost of the career that I saw open before me, and 
 asked myself whether it would afford compensation for the 
 sacrifices it would involve, and the answer was, it would 
 not." Hence he relapsed into his old easy way, sure that 
 his talents and experience would command employment 
 sufficient for his needs, without the laborious diligence which 
 higher aims would exact, and allow him a comfortable ex- 
 emption from the corroding cares that feed on the vital 
 forces of the intellectual and physical man when engaged 
 in an ambitious struggle for professional eminence. 
 
 Although Mr. Haines thus declined to assume the labors 
 and responsibilities of a leader at the bar, and voluntarily 
 permitted it to be taken by such enterprising competitors 
 as might have the energy and ability demanded by it, no 
 
 cause could be well manned for a severe and protracted 
 contest without his services being brought into requisition ; 
 and he was, therefore, almost uniformly engaged in all 
 heavy trials where two or more counsel were employed on 
 a side. If in these he aided but little in the discussion of 
 mere legal points, he was at . least a powerful coadjutor 
 where a verdict was to be wrung from the popular arm of 
 the court by a skillful manipulation of the testimony or by 
 eloquent appeals to sympathy. In cases of disputed bound- 
 aries of lands, and of conflicting claims to water-rights, 
 and in that large class of actions in which damages for in- 
 juries to person, property, or reputation were demanded, 
 he was in special request, as well as in those falling within 
 the jurisdiction of the criminal courts, where the offenses 
 charged were of great magnitude, or involved the character 
 and standing of persons previously of good repute. He 
 carried with him into court the same sensibilities and large- 
 hearted sympathies which he manifested in private life. 
 And speaking, as he was apt to do, under the sway of the 
 emotions awakened in his own breast by circumstances of 
 injury or misfortune, with voice, mien, tone, emphasis, and 
 language singularly effective to reach home to the heart, it 
 was hard for a panel of unsophisticated jurors to escape 
 the infection of the feelings by which he was visibly im- 
 pressed, or for opposing counsel to prevent its influence 
 from becoming apparent in the verdict. As a jury lawyer 
 he was very successful. For cases of abstruse law he had 
 no taste, and he never followed any judgment or decree on 
 error or appeal into the Supreme Court, nor did he ever 
 make an argument in that court, though often solicited. 
 For sharp practice, which often rewards vigilance at the 
 expense of justice, he entertained a positive aversion, and 
 would not resort to it, whatever the provocation. His ex- 
 treme indulgence to others, which was the natural effect of 
 his temper and disposition, rendered others usually indul- 
 gent to him, and enabled him to move along with freedom 
 in the easy way that was most agreeable to him, little anx- 
 ious lest he should be tripped unawares by unheeding the 
 exigency of a rule, or by the non-observance of some tech- 
 nical requisition. 
 
 In the year 1829 the popular excitement against the 
 institution of Freemasonry, which had previously raged 
 with great intensity in New York, reached Pennsylvania, 
 and an organization as an Anti-Masonic party for political 
 purposes was effected. This new party was constituted 
 partly of the old Federal and partly of the old Democratic 
 party, and without political principles of its own or the 
 pretense of them, and merely by the coherent force of hos- 
 tility to Masonry and ambition for power, was able to array 
 itself in a very formidable manner against every other 
 party. It soon obtained an ascendency in Chester County, 
 and in the Congressional district of which the county was 
 a part, and for several years controlled the elections. Mr; 
 Haines was a Mason, and therefore subject to the ban of 
 exclusion from office laid on all members of the obnoxious 
 order. Whether the subversion of Masonry — the osten- 
 sible object of the party — should be attained or not Mr. 
 Haines cared nothing, for he considered the institution not 
 of sufficient value to become the subject of an embittered 
 contest between members of the same peaceful community, 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 581 
 
 and he had no doubt that the excitement, if left to take 
 its sweep without opposition, would soon expend its power 
 and disappear. But when it assumed the character of a 
 personal attack, as for a time it was made to do upon 
 Masons, as men who were represented to be associated by 
 ties which imposed obligations inconsistent with civil order 
 and social duty, his feelings became warmly enlisted. It 
 was in 1832, when Anti-Masonry, aspiring to the dignity of 
 a national party, had nominated candidates for the Presi- 
 dency, that its adherents in some parts of Pennsylvania 
 gave to their accusations against the members of the Ma- 
 sonic brotherhood their most oiFensive form, and these Mr. 
 Haines felt himself called upon to repel. Besides anony- 
 mous articles which he prepared for the press, he drew up 
 a vigorous protest, which was published and widely circu- 
 lated. It was signed by himself, by Charles Miner, Wil- 
 liam H. Dillingham, Ziba Pyle, William Williamson, and 
 a number of other well-known and leading citizens of 
 Chester County. 
 
 This paper made a decided impression upon the reflective 
 part of the community, but it inflamed excited partisans to 
 more envenomed hostility, and Mr. Haines came to be re- 
 garded, after Mr. Miner's removal from the county, towards 
 the close of the year, as mainly responsible for the senti- 
 ment which prevented a co-operation in the- district of all 
 the opponents of the Jackson administration under Anti- 
 Masonic leaders. An organization designated "National 
 Kepublican," which had been formed soon after the inaugu- 
 ration of Gen. Jackson, and which, under the auspices of 
 Mr. Clay, was in vehement opposition to the administration, 
 was maintained in this part of the State on its own inde- 
 pendent ground. In the elections of 1833, in which there 
 was no issue on any national question, the " National Re- 
 publicans" in the county voted with the Demecrats, and the 
 Anti-Masons were overwhelmingly defeated ; but in the fol- 
 lowing year, during which the anti-bank policy of the Presi- 
 dent agitated the country, the " National Republicans" 
 generally sustained the Anti-Masonic nominations as a pref- 
 erable alternative, though not with a hearty cordiality. In 
 
 1835 they had no distinctive party organization in the 
 county or district, but a larger part of them, under an invi- 
 tation extended to them by resolutions of Anti-Masonic 
 meetings, became associated with the Anti-Masons in the sup- 
 port of Joseph Ritner for Governor ; but Mr. Haines, it is be- 
 lieved, did not vote for him. Whatever others might, he de- 
 clined to have any connection with a body of men professing 
 as their object the disfranchisement of all Masons, on the 
 ground of their implication in a supposed conspiracy against 
 the supremacy of the laws, though in other respects they 
 might agree with him. His course differing from that of 
 many of his friends, was a subject of pretty severe animad- 
 version, but it was consistently maintained and persisted in, 
 and for several years he continued to hold a position with a 
 small body of men, who were in sympathy with him, sepa- 
 rate and apart from the two great parties that were contend- 
 ing for the political control of the State. That body, 
 though small in number, was sufiSciently considerable to 
 influence to some extent the result of elections, and their 
 views and feelings could not with safety be disregarded. In 
 
 1836 the names of two of them were placed on the Demo- 
 
 cratic ticket and elected, but Mr. Haines, who was nomi- 
 nated by the same party as delegate to the convention to 
 amend the State constitution, was defeated by a small ma- 
 jority. The lesson administered by that election to the 
 Anti-Masons and Republicans, then become Whigs, who 
 were acting with them, induced a spirit of moderation and 
 a disposition to greater harmony. 
 
 In 1838 those who acted with Mr. Haines held a county 
 meeting, and adopted an address and resolutions which he 
 had prepared. The address stated that that branch of the 
 Whig party had had no distinctive organization for several 
 of the past years. " Leaving to others," it says, " the 
 control of nominations and the formation of tickets, they 
 had acquiesced in a state of things which they could not 
 approve, and had sustained their own principles by choosing 
 between evils. The adoption of this course induced many 
 of our friends to join in the ranks of the Jackson party, 
 and led the main body of the Whigs to unite with and as- 
 sist the Anti-Masons in the election of their candidates. 
 Either alternative required sacrifices that it was painful to 
 make." 
 
 The resolutions proposed an arrangement with the Anti- 
 Masons and the Whigs associated with them, by which 
 each branch of the body thus to be consolidated should 
 have a potential voice in the selection of candidates; and 
 Mr. Haines was appointed to present the resolutions to the 
 other branch of the general AVhig party, which was to as- 
 semble in county meeting the next day. This duty was 
 performed, but the proposition did not prove acceptable 
 and was rejected. Report of the proceeding was made to 
 his friends, who, from their having first met for the purpose 
 of organizing as a distinct body on Monday, were thence- 
 forth denominated the " Monday Whigs." The " Monday 
 Whigs" thus became recognized as a distinct body, between 
 whom and the Anti-Masons and their Whig allies on the 
 one hand, and the Democrats on the other, there were well- 
 defined lines of demarkation. In order to maintain their 
 organization it was necessary that they should have the 
 control of a newspaper press. Mr. Haines therefore pur- 
 chased the establishment of the American Slar, which had 
 been previously published at Coatesville, and which he re- 
 moved to West Chester, and became its editor, and the rec- 
 ognized leader of the " Monday Whigs." He wrote easily 
 and well, and if success in a newspaper enterprise had been 
 his aim, and had need of no other kind of abihty than that 
 of a ready and able writer, he might have commanded it. 
 But his objects were special and temporary, and did not 
 contemplate competition with other newspaper establish- 
 ments for reputation or business, and hence he gave to the 
 Star but an inconsiderable share of his attention. Yet his 
 paper usually contained a large amount of editorial matter 
 written in an attractive style, and in a tone of great moder- 
 ation and candor. He could not be provoked to forget his 
 dignity or self-respect under any circumstances, and he 
 kept his columns at all times clear of personalities and of 
 epithets of abuse, and presented his views with a calm de- 
 corum suitable to his character. His career as an editor 
 was a short one, but the times were warm with political 
 controversy, and his position, to some extent, one of personal 
 antagonism. Yet, though he wrote forcibly and earnestly. 
 
582 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 he could say when he had laid aside his pen, after several 
 years of practice, that he had alienated no friend and made 
 no enemy. 
 
 An effort was made in 1839 to reconcile the " Monday 
 Whigs" with their brethren in the county, then acting with 
 the Anti Masons, but it failed, and the " Monday Whigs" 
 retained their organization and formed their own ticket. 
 Though able to poll rather less than five hundred votes, 
 their separate action so operated in favor of the Democrats 
 that the ticket of the latter was elected by upwards of 
 twelve hundred majority. The effects of the feud thus 
 became strikingly apparent, and the expediency of cultiva- 
 ting more amicable relations between the different branches 
 of the Whig party was strongly enforced. The Whigs and 
 Anti-Masons were powerless without the aid of the " Mon- 
 day Whigs," and it was necessary that they should be con- 
 ciliated, or the expectation of future success be abandoned. 
 This consideration acquired force from the fact that a Presi- 
 dential contest of more than ordinary interest, and attended 
 by more than ordinary excitement, was at hand. An ef- 
 fort was then made to organize the elements of opposition 
 to the administration, and the object was accomplished 
 without great diflBculty. The result demonstrated the im- 
 portance of this little event. The majority for the Harri- 
 son ticket in the State was less than the number of votes 
 polled by the " Monday Whigs" in this county, and if they 
 had not been conciliated, Harrison would not have been 
 elected. 
 
 When the " Monday Whigs" became merged in the 
 great party that elected Harrison to the Presidency, the 
 particular vocation of the American Star was gone, and 
 Mr. Haines disposed of his press at the first convenient 
 opportunity. 
 
 From this time the even tenor of his professional life 
 continued for some years without interruption. Judge 
 Darlington had died in the year 1839, and had been suc- 
 ceeded by Mr. Bell, whose large practice was divided among 
 his fellow-members of the AVest Chester bar. The share 
 that fell to Mr. Haines was not considerable, merely because 
 he was indisposed to accept the conditions which a heavy 
 practice imposed. He still preferred his ease, accompanied 
 by the inconveniences of a narrow income, to persistent 
 mental labor, however sweet its promised rewards. On 
 this point he and the public seem to have come to a pretty 
 satisfactory understanding. While in severely contested 
 jury trials his services were always in requisition, his 
 chamber and Orphans' Court practice exhibited little or 
 no visible growth. 
 
 In 1846, Mr. Haines was a candidate for nomination on 
 the Whig Congressional ticket of the district, but failed of 
 success by a single vote. This defeat was the result of his 
 opposition to Anti-Masonry, which was unforgiven by the 
 section of the united party to which he had stood opposed. 
 Although his popularity in his native county was some- 
 what affected by the distractions of local politics, his influ- 
 ence and authority as a political leader were not without 
 their proper appreciation in the wider sphere of State poli- 
 tics. When, therefore, on the death of Francis R. Shunk, 
 Governor of Pennsylvania, William F. Johnston became 
 his successor, he, on the 26th day of July, 1848, tendered 
 
 to Mr. Haines the office of Secretary of the Commonwealth. 
 The offer was accepted, and within a few days he entered 
 upon the duties of his appointment. Mr. Johnston having 
 been elected Governor at the ensuing fall election, Mr. 
 Haines was reappointed in January following, and he re- 
 mained in office till Feb. 13, 1850. During the period of 
 his official service as Governor Johnston's secretary and 
 principal adviser his public duties were not onerous, and 
 he had leisure to attend the sessions of the courts in hig 
 native county. He availed himself of the opportunity to 
 retain his connection with professional practice, and he was 
 frequently engaged in jury trials, usually as assistant, and 
 not as original counsel. 
 
 As Secretary of the Commonwealth, Mr. Haines was ex- 
 ojfficio superintendent of common schools, a position which 
 at that time afforded fine opportunities of usefulness in ma- 
 turing a system then only of sixteen years' growth, and 
 still in a state of imperfect development. He was friendly 
 to a scheme of public instruction, and believed it to be one 
 of the highest duties of the State to take care that the chiU 
 dren of the citizens should not be allowed to grow u|) in 
 ignorance ; and he was not unaware of the need of jnuch 
 hard work to be done by some comprehensive and vrell-iu- 
 formed mind, before the common schools could become the 
 efficient means of the mental and moral culture which the 
 public welfare and the popular sentiment required. He 
 made two reports, which contained some yaluable sugges- 
 tions, but which did not aim at striking out a complete and 
 comprehensive system, such as he might have done had he 
 been able to devote to the subject th« amount of labor that 
 it required. 
 
 While Secretary of the Commonwealth he gained many 
 friends by his social disposition, his attractive conversation, 
 and agreeable manners. The impression he made upon the 
 members of the Legislature and other public men whom he 
 met with at Harrisburg, was that of a man of decided in- 
 tellect, yet averse to labor and studious of his ease. He 
 was a most agreeable talker, and although not a full man, 
 like Burke, nor profound, like Coleridge, whatever he said 
 seemed most happily suited for the time and the occasion, 
 and he had the art of so pointing a moral and adorning a 
 tale that his remarks, however trite or trifling, were invested 
 with the interest of freshness and novelty. If not prompt 
 in business, his conduct was at least free of offense to those 
 with whom, by his official position, he was brought into con- 
 tact ; and if he sometimes gave cause for complaint by an 
 inveterate habit of procrastination, he silenced all murmurs 
 by his easy and graceful courtesy. He was therefore 
 popular at the seat of the State government as a Secretary, 
 and was even more liked as a man. 
 
 Feb. 13, 1850, Mr. Haines was appointed by President 
 Taylor Treasurer of the United States. His appointment 
 was promptly confirmed by the Senate, and a few days af: 
 terwards he removed to Washington and entered upon the 
 duties of his office. Those duties, at the time, were by no 
 means arduous. His clerks had been well trained and un- 
 derstood their business, and the head of the bureau had 
 little to do beyond affixing his signature to official papers. 
 This position he certainly enjoyed ; his responsibilities were 
 not onerous and he had abundance of leisure on bia hands, 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 583 
 
 and if there could have been an assurance of its permanency 
 his hiijhest aspirations would have been satisfied. He knew 
 ~well, however, that there was little probability of the pat- 
 ronage of the government continuing in the hands of bis 
 party beyond the existing Presidential term to which Gen. 
 Taylor was elected, and that on the accession of a Demo- 
 cratic President he would be obliged to retire. Believing 
 that his duty required him to be generally at his post, his 
 visits to West Chester, while he continued to be Treasurer, 
 were brief and only occasional, and he withdrew almost al- 
 together from professional practice. He was not accus- 
 tomed, at Washington, to mingle to any considerable extent 
 in the gayeties of the capital. His wife had become, some 
 years before, a member of the Society of Friends, and con- 
 formed in plainness and simplicity to the usages of the peo- 
 ple of her religious profession, and consistently abstained 
 from intercourse with the world of fashion which she had 
 renounced. He occasionally attended the President's levees 
 and the receptions of the heads of departments, but more 
 from considerations of respect to the incumbents of those 
 government offices, with some of whom he was on terms of 
 personal intimacy, than with a view to social enjoyment. 
 He almost uniformly spent his evenings with his wife, pre- 
 ferring her society, to which her sweet and cheerful spirit 
 lent a perpetual charm, to the brightest and gayest the cap- 
 ital could affiard. It was only in her absence, on her rather 
 unfrequent visits to West Chester, that any inducement 
 could be presented strong enough to lead him abroad on 
 festive occasions, and when he accepted invitations to even- 
 ing entertainments he was uniformly among the very first 
 to withdraw. Late hours were unsuited to his habits. 
 From his youth he had been accustomed to retiring early, 
 and whether at West Chester, Harrisburg, or Washington, 
 he was usually in bed before any of his neighbors, even 
 those of the most primitive style of living. His practice in 
 this respect was so strongly marked as to be a subject of 
 pleasantry with his friends. It used to be a common joke 
 that he went to rest at the same time that the chickens 
 went to their roost. He gave, however, no more hours to 
 repose than his neighbors. Although he was in bed before 
 them at night, he was astir several hours in the morning 
 while their heads were still on their pillows. Summer and 
 winter he was usually abroad at the first peep of day. 
 
 The insecurity of the tenure of the office of Treasurer 
 at Washington made a more permanent position, though at- 
 tended with greater labor, acceptable. He therefore, on 
 being elected in the fall of 1851 to the president judgeship 
 of the Fifteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, com- 
 posed of the counties of Chester and Delaware, resigned his 
 treasurership and returned to West Chester. In December 
 of that year he was sworn into office. The term for which 
 ,he was elected was ten years, and he continued for that pe- 
 riod to preside in the courts of the two counties. At the 
 end of his term he was not a candidate for re-election, and 
 he returned immediately to the bar and resumed practice, 
 without any apparent diminution of vigor and with all his 
 forensic powers unimpaired. 
 
 In February, 1865, his wife died after a short illness. 
 Her loss was severely felt. She had every quality calcu- 
 lated to make his home delightful, and he ceased to take an 
 
 interest thenceforth either in society or business. In his 
 own domestic circle he was constantly reminded of her 
 absence, and he became in great measure weary of life. 
 Towards the early part of September of the same year he 
 was attacked by dysentery. His disease in its first stage 
 had no alarming symptoms. To nobody but himself did it 
 appear to threaten a fatal termination. In his depressed 
 condition of mind, however, and with a certain presenti- 
 ment of approaching death, his recovery became hopeless. 
 His anxiety for relief from the burden of life made death 
 welcome. He died in the following October, in the seventy- 
 fourth year of his age. 
 
 " Men of genius, tread lightly over his ashes, 
 For he was your kinsman." 
 
 Judge Haines had a talent for poetry, which, if it had 
 been cultivated with assiduity, would have gained for him 
 more than a local reputation. But he wrote only as the 
 occasion prompted. His pieces were struck oflF at a single 
 heat, and were subjected to no thought beyond the first 
 effort. I have some twenty or more of them in my pos- 
 session, and the most of them bear the marks of incom- 
 pleteness, easily discoverable by a critical eye, and which a 
 revising hand would have removed. He once recited to me 
 an admirable poem, which he had recently written, which I 
 thought needed only some slight retouching to be perfect in 
 its finish and exquisite in expression. He answered my 
 suggestion by saying, " I think I will give it another touch 
 or two some of these days, when I feel in the humor." But 
 I have never seen or heard of it since, except that Mr. 
 Hickman once told me that the author had repeated it to 
 him. Among the effusions of his pen the following may 
 be considered as a just specimen of his style : 
 
 BOB FLETCHER. 
 
 I once knew a ploughman, Bob Fletcher his name, 
 Who was old and was ugly, and so was his dame; 
 Yet they lived quite contented and free from all strife. 
 Bob Fletcher, the ploughman, and Judy, hia wife. 
 
 As the morn streaked the east, and the night fled away, 
 They would rise up to labor refreshed for the day ; 
 And the song of the lark, as it rose on the gale, 
 Found Bob at the plough and his wife at the pail. 
 
 A neat little cottage in front of a grove, 
 
 Where in youth they first gave their young hearts up to love. 
 
 Was the solace of age, and to them doubly dear. 
 
 As it called up the past with a smile or a tear. 
 
 Bach tree had its thought, and the vow eould impart 
 That mingled in youth the warm wish of the heart; 
 The thorn was still there, and the blossoms it bore, 
 And the song from the top seemed the same as before. 
 
 When the curtain of night over nature was spread. 
 And Bob had returned from the plough to his shed, 
 Like a dove on her nest he reposed from all eare 
 If his wife and his youngsters contented, were there. 
 
 I have passed by his door when the evening was gray. 
 And the hill and the landscape were fading away, 
 And have heard from the cottage, with grateful surprise. 
 The voice of thanksgiving, like incense, arise. 
 
 And I thought of the proud, who would look down with scorn 
 On the neat little cottage, the grove, and the thorn, 
 And have felt that the tinsels and pleasures of life 
 Were dross, to contentment with Bob and his wife. 
 
584 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Dr. William E. Haines was the son of Jacob and 
 Rachel Haines, and was born at Westtown, Chester Co., 
 Pa., on the 30th of the 10th month, 1816. In his child- 
 hood he early displayed the activity of mind and energy of 
 purpose which characterized his riper years, engaging in 
 everything he undertook with zeal and efficiency. 
 
 He was first sent to school at Westtown Boarding-School, 
 and continued his attendance there until the autumn of 
 1823, when his father removed to Muncy Valley, in Ly- 
 coming County. In 1831 he was again sent to Westtown 
 School, where he remained for three years engaged in the 
 study of mathematics and other branches of a sound Eng- 
 lish education, as well as the Greek and Latin languages. 
 
 By his manly rectitude, no less than by his industry and 
 ready acquisition of knowledge, he won the respect and es- 
 teem of his teachers, while his natural animation, joined to 
 an innocent play of wit, rendered him an agreeable com- 
 panion to his schoolmates, with some of whom he formed 
 friendships which were as lasting as his life. 
 
 His close application acting upon a constitution naturally 
 delicate, so far impaired his health that he was compelled to 
 relinquish for a time the pursuits in which he was so much 
 interested and to return home, which he did in August, 1834. 
 Soon afterwards he determined upon the practice of medi- 
 cine as the vocation of his life, and entered the office of 
 Dr. Rankin, a respectable practitioner in the town of 
 Muncy. He devoted himself with new zeal to the studies 
 which were to be so interwoven with the success of his fu- 
 ture life ; during the summer in the office of his preceptor, 
 and in the winter by an attendance upon the lectures in the 
 University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Towards the close of the winter of 1837 his health again 
 began to decline, but he was able to continue his attend- 
 ance upon lectures and his assiduous reading till the close 
 of the session, and to pass the examination for a degree 
 with credit. 
 
 He was scarcely twenty-one years of age when, after 
 some search for a suitable field for practice, he settled upon 
 Springfield, Delaware Co., as the sphere where he should 
 assume the onerous responsibility, and encounter the ill-re- 
 paid toil, the struggles against prejudice and mistrust, and 
 the anxious solicitude for success which too often attend 
 the commencement of practice. 
 
 Although almost immediately employed by many families 
 in his neighborhood as they had occasion, he had, however, 
 much leisure time, which was employed in adding to his 
 stock of medical knowledge, as well as reading upon gen- 
 eral subjects. In the following winter he delivered a 
 course of lectures upon chemistry at the Springfield Li- 
 brary Rooms, which were listened to with interest by a 
 numerous audience. 
 
 His manifest ability, clear judgment, and efficient action 
 soon won for him a confidence in the estimation of the 
 public, which was heightened by the kindness, dignity, and 
 rectitude which characterized him ; so that his practice 
 continued rapidly to increase until the summer of 1840 
 when he was seized with -a severe illness. This malady, 
 the exact nature of which is not known, after confinino' 
 him some weeks to his bed, left him so enfeebled as to 
 compel him to seek renovation and repose amid the bracin" 
 
 air of the mountains of Lycoming and the much-loved 
 society of his paternal home. After some weeks thus 
 spent he returned to his practice, which became sufficiently 
 lucrative to justify him iu the following spring in purchas- 
 ing the premises immediately opposite the Springfield 
 meeting-house, upon which he resided the remainder of 
 his active life. On 10th mo. 7, 1841, he married Mary, 
 eldest daughter of Joseph Rhoads, a union which contrib- 
 uted greatly to the happiness of his after-life. In his per- 
 sonal appearance at this time Dr. Haines was of medium 
 height, his figure slender and hair light, complexion fair, 
 and his face, though not handsome, was rendered agreeable 
 by an expression of intelligence, dignity, and benevolence. 
 
 His manners partook less of artificial polish than of a 
 true politeness, which arose from native kindness of heart 
 and that just sense of self-respect whereby he scorned not 
 the humblest and rendered to the highest the deference 
 due from an equal to excellence and worth. Though little 
 disposed to converse freely in the presence of numbers, 
 among his more intimate friends his manner was easy and 
 aflectionate, heightened by a play of genial wit. 
 
 Towards his patients his conduct was most; admirable. 
 He was regarded by them as a friend and brother ; for while 
 his abilities, medical skill, and mild dignity of deportment 
 inspired them with respect, his kind sympathy won their 
 grateful afiection. In the spring of 1842 an epidemic of 
 typhoid fever prevailed in the circuit of his practice. 
 While busily engaged in attending to others his own family 
 was attacked, and finally himself, in consequence of which 
 he was confined for several weeks to his house. After his 
 recovery he wrote a short account of the epidemic, which 
 was published in the American Journal of Medical Sci- 
 ences. Dr. Haines was a member of the religious Society 
 of Friends, to whose doctrines he was strongly attached, 
 regarding religion not as an abstract speculation, but as a 
 practical law of life, afiecting every action, regulating a 
 man's whole being, and requiring of him the practice of 
 every virtue. He died 4th mo. 18, 1846. 
 
 Joseph Haines, one of the five brothers who settled on 
 Rancocas Creek, in New Jersey, removed with Dorothy 
 his wife, to Nottingham, Chester Co., in the year 1714. 
 His first wife died 1, 7, 1719, at the age of thirty-nine 
 years, and he married, 1, 1, 1721-2, Elizabeth, daughter . 
 of James Thomas, of Whiteland. He died 9, 12, 1763, 
 and his widow 11, 24, 1796, aged about one hundred 
 years. A nephew, Jacob, son of William, also settled in 
 Nottingham, and some of his descendants lived in Lancaster 
 County. 
 
 Joseph Haines' children were William, died young; 
 Sarah, died young; Ruth, b. 8, 28, 1709, m. Robert Mil- 
 ler, of Cain ; Miriam, m. Robert Halliday ; Solomon, died 
 young; Patience, b. 11, 24, 1715, m. Patrick Miller; 
 Dorothy, b. 11, 24, 1718; Sarah, b. 9, 27, 1722, died 12, 
 19, 1745-6; Deborah, died young; William, b. 4, 8, 
 1725, d. 9, 19, 1800 ; Reuben, b. 9, 26, 1726, d. 8, 7, 
 1745; Solomon, died young; Joseph, b. 11, 9, 1730; 
 Anne, b. 7, 24, 1732 ; Margaret, died young ; Nathan, b. 
 2, 28, 1735 ; Daniel, b. 9, 15, 1736 ; Isaac, b. 4, 19, 1738 ; 
 Deborah, b. 1, 15, 1740, d. 5, 2, 1784; Job, b. 8,26, 
 1744. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL^ AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 585 
 
 The children of Joseph Haines were twenty in number, 
 and with such a start it is not surprising that the name of 
 Haines is very common in the southwestern part of our 
 county and in the adjacent county of Lancaster. 
 
 HALL, Samuel, a weaver, was living in Kennet about 
 1710, and died in 1738, leaving children as follows : Mary, 
 m. to Robert Whitacre ; Sarah, m. to David Baily ; Phebe, 
 m. to Calvin Cooper ; Elizabeth, m. to Robert Whiteside ; 
 Hannah, Dinah, Susanna, Margaret, George, Samuel, James, 
 and Charles. George Hall married Sarah, daughter of 
 Daniel and Jane Hoopes, and is said to have had twenty- 
 four children. Samuel, the father, and George were weav- 
 ers. Charles Hall married Sarah Taylor, and his descend- 
 ants are living in Kennet. 
 
 rael, and Phinehas. Martha died Aug. 21, 1784. Robert 
 Hamill died Aug. 3, 1803, and Jean, his' wife, died Dec. 
 1, 1807, aged seventy-two years. When Robert Hamill 
 came to this country he settled in Fallowfield, now High- 
 land township, one mile south of Parkesburg. Israel Ham- 
 ill (the father of Robert Hamill, the subject of this sketch) 
 was married to Mary Scott, a daughter of James and Han- 
 nah (Allison) Scott, who were of Scotch descent. Mary 
 was born in June, 1776, and died Jan. 21, 1861. They 
 had eleven children, to wit : Elisha, Robert, Hannah, m. 
 James Cochran; Jane, m. Jacob Seltzer; James, d. 1836; 
 William, and Israel, d. 1840 ; the other four died in in- 
 fancy. 
 
 Robert Hamill, Esq., married Jane Cochran, a daughter 
 
 ROBERT HAMILL. 
 
 HAMILL, Robert, was bom July 22, 1801, and died 
 • March 18, 1876, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. His 
 father, Israel Hamill, was born Dec. 2, 1776, and died June 
 30, 1838. He was a son of Robert Hamill, who was born 
 in the north of Ireland, Aug. 5, 1719 (O.S.). Joan (first 
 wife of this Robert) was born Feb. 11, 1721 (O.S.). They 
 were married 'in 1743. Their children were Martha, Mary, 
 Phebe, Eliezer, Priscilla, and Ebenezer. Joan died Aug. 
 15, 1757, and was interred in the Upper Octorara New 
 Side burying-ground, where most of the name have since 
 been buried. Mary died Sept. 10, 1759, at sea, aged twelve 
 years, and was laid in the same burying-ground. This 
 would imply that the parents came to this country about 
 the middle of the eighteenth century, and had left part of 
 their children behind for a short time. Phebe died Sept. 
 19, 1779. The father then married Jean Shields, and 
 their children were Elisha; Riith, m. John Rodgers; 
 Mary, m. Samuel Richmond ; Jemima and Keziah (twins), 
 d. in infancy ; Phebe, m. Mr. Hogg ; John Caldwell, Is- 
 74 
 
 of James and Martha (Elton) Cochran, who died March 
 19, 1831, aged thirty-nine years, leaving four children, 
 viz. : Martha (m. Dr. John G. Gibson), Israel, James Coch- 
 ran, and Jane, who was married to Evan Chalfant. James 
 Cochran, the father of Mrs. Jane Hamill, was a son of 
 Stephen, one of three brothers (James, Stephen, and Da- 
 vid) who came from Ireland in the early part of the 
 eighteenth century. James Cochran died Dec. 12, 1812, 
 aged seventy-four years. Martha, the wife of James, died 
 April 11, 1826, aged seventy-five years. Robert Hamill 
 then married Mary, a daughter of Samuel and Margaret 
 Walker, who died in 1839, without children. He after- 
 wards married Eliza, a daughter of Wothel and Catharine 
 (Barr) Baldwin, who is now (New-Year's, 1881) living. 
 By that union they had eight children, viz. : Robert Albert, 
 Eliza Emma, Edwin A., Millard Fillmore, Samuel Dale, 
 and Addie, and two others who died in infancy. Robert 
 Hamill's residence was in Highland township, formerly a 
 part of West Fallowfield. He was a justice of the peace 
 
586 
 
 HISTOHS^ Ot CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 for many years, and until he refused to serve any longer. 
 As an evidence of the confidence and esteem of his neigh- 
 bors and friends, he was called upon to fill various offices 
 and positions of responsibility and trust. Israel, the eldest 
 son of Robert and Jane Hamill, the contributor of the ma- 
 terials of this biography, is married to Mary Ann, a 
 daughter of James and Hannah (Fleming) Pinkerton, is 
 an adherent of the Presbyterian faith and practice, as all 
 his ancestry have been, both paternal and maternal, and he, 
 his father (Robert Hamill), his grandfather (Israel Hamill), 
 and his great-grandfather (Robert Hamill) from his settle- 
 ment in this county have always had a residence within 
 the bounds of old West Fallowfield ; and, what is a remark- 
 able fact, neither of them moved from the place of their 
 first settlement in life. 
 
 HANNUM, John, with his wife Margery, were settled 
 in Concord as early as 1688. He died in 1730, and his 
 widow about 1742. Their children were James (who died 
 in 1717), Robert, George, John, Mary (m. Thomas Smith), 
 Elizabeth (m. Thomas Broom), Margery (m. Anthony 
 Baldwin), Ann (m. John Way), and Sarah (m. Jacob Way). 
 John Hannum, Jr., married, 10, 29, 1731, Mary Gib- 
 bons, but she probably died without issue, and he married, 
 8, 8, 1741 , Jane, daughter of John and Elizabeth Neild, 
 by whom he had children, — John, William, James, Mar- 
 gery (m. Joseph Gibbons), and Mary (m. Richard Ohey- 
 ney). The father died 3, 5, 1773, in Concord, and his 
 widow 11, 14, 1808, in her eighty-ninth year. William 
 I Hannum remained at the homestead in Concord. James 
 settled on Doe Run, but died at Downingtown, 9, 28, 1809, 
 in the sixtieth year of his age. John (3) settled on a 
 large farm on the Brandywine and Valley Creek, in East 
 Bradford, which had been purchased by his father. 
 
 He was an active Whig, and an influential citizen of 
 Chester County from the days of the Revolution to the day 
 of his death. Dec. 20, 1774, a general meeting of the citi- 
 zens of Chester County was convened at the court-house, 
 in the borough of Chester, to devise measures for the pro- 
 tection of their rights as freemen, in pursuance of the rec- 
 ommendation of the Continental Congress. A committee 
 of seventy were appointed accordingly, of whom John 
 Hannum was one. From that time he was a zealous par- 
 ticipant in all the movements which led to and resulted in 
 the independence of the United States. Most of the time 
 he was a magistrate, and was often employed by the civil 
 authorities in important confidential business, as well as 
 holding a commission in the militia. At the time the Brit- 
 ish army invaded Chester County, on its way from the Head 
 of Elk to Philadelphia, Col. Hannum resided at the " Centre 
 House" (now in the village of Marshallton), between the 
 two main branches of the river Brandywine, and the night 
 of Sept. 10, 1777, was passed by Thomas Cheyney, Esq., a 
 relative of Col. Hannum, at the house of the latter. (At 
 that perilous crisis it was not deemed prudent for Squire 
 Cheyney to lodge at his own house.) Next morning- 
 being Brandywine battle-day— the two set out together to 
 visit the American army, known to be then in the vicinity 
 of Chads' Ford. As they descended towards the west branch 
 of the stream, near Trimble's mill and ford, they discovered 
 coming down from the hills opposite a very numerous body 
 
 of soldiers, evidently British. This very much surprised 
 Messrs. Hannum and Cheyney, and they moved round the 
 adjacent hills, in order to observe the direction taken by 
 the enemy. Finding them going toward Jeflferis' Ford, on 
 the east branch, and believing them to constitute the chief 
 portion of the English army, our friends resolved at once, 
 and at some personal risk, to proceed with the intelligence 
 to Gen. Washington. Squire Cheyney, being mounted 
 on a fleet hackney, pushed down the stream from Jefferis' 
 Ford until he found the American commander-in-chief and 
 had the interview mentioned on page 71. 
 
 Col. Hannum remained with the army during that un- 
 fortunate day, and in its retreat, and continued with his old 
 friend, Gen. Wayne, until the night of the " Paoli massa- 
 cre." After that cruel affair Col. Hannum returned to his 
 residence, where, a short time afterwards, he was captured 
 one night in his bed by a party of British light-horse, who 
 had been piloted thither by a Tory neighbor, and he was 
 carried a prisoner to Philadelphia. The party robbed Mrs. 
 Hannum of her gold watch, and took everything of value 
 in the house that they could carry away. The colonel sub- 
 sequently made his escape, and was soon actively aiding the 
 great cause in which he had embarked. 
 
 May 6, 1778, the Council taking into consideration the 
 appointing of commissioners, agreeably to the act of attain- 
 der, etc. : " Ordered, That the following persons be ap- 
 pointed, to wit : For the county of Chester, William Evans, 
 Thomas Cheyney, Thomas Levis, Patterson Bell, and John 
 Hannum." 
 
 Sept. 25, 1779, two affidavits of the circumstances of 
 Col. Hannum 's escape from the enemy were read, and or- 
 dered to be forwarded to Gen. Washington. 
 
 Col. John Hannum to President Reed : 
 
 " Bradford, June 16, 1780. 
 
 "Sir, Pursuant to your orders, I have collected 28 cattle and 101 
 sheep, all that I could collect in so short a time ; having not received 
 your orders till the 11th instant. 
 
 " It gives me concern that the army is reduced to the extremity they 
 are, being well assured that one person may be found that will engage 
 to furnish the Pennsylvania troops with every necessary provisions, 
 and to sufiFer death the day they are destitute thereof." 
 
 Nov. 7, 1781, Col. Hannum resigned his office of justice 
 of the peace, in consequence of his election to the General 
 Assembly ; and on the 9th of the same month he resigned . 
 the office of commissioner of forfeited estates in the county 
 of Chester. April 16, 1782, an order was drawn in favor 
 of Col. John Hannum for his services as one of the audi- 
 tors for settling the depreciation of the pay of the Penn- 
 sylvania line. Col. Hannum was elected to the Assembly 
 in the years 1781, '82, '83, and '85, and again in 1792. He 
 was also a delegate from Chester County in the State con- 
 vention for ratifying the Constitution of the United States. 
 While in the Assembly he was instrumental in procuring 
 the repeal of the Test Law, which was enacted during the 
 struggle for independence, in order to keep the opponents 
 of that measure out of the government of the State, and 
 prevent their mischievous interference. When independ- 
 ence was established the " Test" was considered a grievance, 
 and Its repeal was agreed to. Col. Hannum, in conjunction 
 with his fnend, John Patton, was probably the most active 
 and influential man in the county in procuring the removal 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 587 
 
 of the seat of justice from Chester (the ancient Upland) 
 to the vicinity of the Turk's Head, in Goshen township. 
 Hannum and Patton were the real founders of West 
 Chester, and the proper authorities have justly compli- 
 mented the memory of those eflScient men hy giving to the 
 old Strasburg and Boot roads, within the borough, the 
 names, respectively, of Hannum and Patton Avenue. 
 
 In 1,783, Col. Hannum was appointed Register of Wills 
 and Recorder of Deeds of Chester County, which offices 
 were held by himself and his son Richard to the time of 
 his death. He died Feb. 7, 1799, and was interred in the 
 burial-ground at Bradford Meeting-house, Marshallton. 
 
 His wife, Alice, was the daughter of Jonathan and Deb- 
 orah Parke, of East Bradford, born 5, 12, 1744, died 3, 
 17, 1830. Their children were John, b. 6, 8, 1768, m. 
 to Sarah Jackson ; Jane, b. 12, 27, 1769, m. to John 
 Douglass ; Jonathan, married and went to Kentucky ; 
 Mary, m. William Kinnard ; Washington Lee, b. 10, 26, 
 1776, went to Kentucky; Richard M., m. to Charlotte 
 Ruston, and went to Kentucky ; James, Caleb, and Deb- 
 orah, who married Emmor Bradley. 
 
 HAPPERSETT, Reese, D.D., the son of Melchi 
 and Rebecca Happersett, was born in Brandywine Manor, 
 July 31, 1810. He was educated at Washington College, 
 Pa., and licensed to preach in 1839. He was agent and 
 secretary of the Board of Domestic Missions of the Presby- 
 terian Church for seventeen years. He then removed to 
 California, and took charge of a church there, and died 
 Oct. 2, 1866. He never married. He was generous, frank, 
 and amiable, and was held in high esteem. 
 
 HARLAN. — " George Harlan y° sone of James Harlan 
 of Monkwearmouth was baptized at Monkwearmouth in 
 Old England y= 11th day of 1 mo: 1650." 
 
 Children of George and Eliz''. Harlan (four born in Ire- 
 land and the others in Pennsylvania) : 
 
 1. Ezekiel, b. 7, 16, 1679 ; m. Mary Bezer and Ruth 
 Buffington. 
 
 2. Hannah, b. 2, 4, 1681 ; m. Samuel Hollingsworth, 
 1701. 
 
 3. Moses, b. 12, 20, 1683-4 ; m. Margaret Ray, 1712. 
 
 4. Aaron, b. 10, 24, 1685 ; m. Sarah Heald, 1713-4. 
 
 5. Rebekah, b. 8, 17, 1688 ; d. 8, 17, 1775 ; m. William 
 Webb, 1, 22, 1709-10. 
 
 6. Deborah, b. 8, 28, 1690 ; m. Joshua Calvert, 1710. 
 
 7. James, b. 8, 19, 1692 ; m. Elizabeth , 1716. 
 
 8. Eliz'., b. 8, 9, 1694 ; m. Joseph Robinson, 1713. 
 
 9. Joshua, b. 11, 15, 1696-7 ; m. Mary Heald, 1719. 
 George Harlan settled at first about where Centreville, 
 
 New Castle Co., now is, but luter in life removed farther 
 up the Brandywine, and purchased 470 acres in Kennet, 
 now Pennsbury, township. While living here he had for 
 his ne^hbors over the creek, in a great bend, a settlement 
 of Indians. After they had left he obtained, in 1701, a 
 warrant for 200 acres in this bend of the creek, which was 
 granted " in regard of the great trouble and charge he has 
 bore in fencing and maintaining the same for the said Indians 
 while living thereon." George Harlan died in 1714, and 
 was buried by the side of his wife at Centre Meeting. 
 
 " Michael Harlan came from the North of Ireland 
 with his brother George about the year 1687— And y' begin- 
 
 ning of the year 1690 he married Dinah y" Daughter of 
 Henry Dixson and settled first Near y° Center meeting 
 house in Christiana Hundred & County of New Castle on 
 Delaware and afterwards removed into Kennett in Chester 
 County where they Lived many years haveing the following 
 Issue (viz.) :" 
 
 10. George, b. 10, 4, 1690 ; m. Mary (Baily) Stewart. 
 
 n. Abigail, b. 9, 23, 1692 ; m. Richard Flower, 12, 17, 
 1724^5. 
 
 12. Thomas, b. 4, 24, 1694; m. Mary Carter, 1720. 
 
 13. Stephen, b. 2, 1697 ; m, Hannah Carter, 7, 26, 1723. 
 
 14. Michael, b. 2, 7, 1699 ; m. Hannah Maris. 
 
 15. Solomon, b. 10, 7, 1701. 
 
 16. James, b. 1703 ; m. Susanna Oborn, 10, 19, 1733. 
 
 17. Dinah, b. 8, 23, 1707 ; m. Thomas Gregg, 2, 10, 1729. 
 
 Ezekiel Harlan appears to have been an enterprising citi- 
 zen, and somewhat of a land speculator. His first wife was 
 the daughter of William and Sarah Bezer, of Chichester, 
 to whom he was married in 1700. In 1706 he married 
 Ruth, daughter of Richard Buffington, Sr., of Bradford. 
 His children were William, b. 9, 1, 1702 ; Ezekiel, b. 5, 
 19, 1707 ; Elizabeth, b. 6, 6, 1713, m. William White ; 
 Mary, b. 4, 12, 1719, m. Daniel Webb; Joseph, b. 6, 4, 
 1721; Ruth, b. 1, 11, 1723, m. Daniel Leonard; Benja- 
 min, b. 8, 7, 1729. 
 
 There is a tradition that Ezekiel went to England to get 
 some property which he or the family had inherited, and 
 having converted it into cash was about to return, when he 
 was taken with the smallpox and died. His will, dated 
 Nov. 14, 1730, states that he was " about to take a voyage 
 into Old England," and it was proved Dec. 14, 1731. The 
 future will probably witness periodical attempts on the part 
 of the descendants to get possession of a supposed -fortune 
 in that country. 
 
 George Harian (10) married, 12th mo., 1715-6, Mary, 
 daughter of Joel and Ann Baily, and widow of Alexander 
 Stewart, of Kennet. He purchased from Nathaniel Newlin 
 300 acres in Newlin township, near the present village of 
 Embreeville. This upon his death, in 1732, he devised to 
 his son John, subject to payments to the other children. 
 His widow died in 1741. Their children were John, m. 
 Sarah Wickersham ; Rebecca, m. to Stephen White ; Dinah, 
 m. to Robert Davies ; Hannah, m. to Joseph Martin ; Joel, 
 b. 11, 10, 1724, d. 9, 3, 1796; Michael; George, m. Su- 
 sanna Harlan. 
 
 When Mason and Dixon, in 1764, began their labors to 
 establish the line between Pennsylvania and Maryland, they 
 first measured a line from the most southern part of Phila- 
 delphia due west thirty-one miles to the land of John 
 Harian, where they planted a stone ; and after making some 
 astronomical observations, ran a line thence southward fif- 
 teen miles, to ascertain the northern line of Maryland. 
 
 Joel Harlan, son of George and Mary, married, 10, 16, 
 1746, at Kennet Meeting, Hannah, daughter of Thomas 
 and Abigail (Johnson) Wickersham. Of their children, 
 the first two were born in East Marlborough, the next three 
 in Londonderry, and the youngest in Newlin. They were 
 as follows : Dinah, b. 7, 16, 1747, d. 3, 20, 1824, m. Joseph 
 Richardson; Ruth, b. 11, 31, 1750, m. Job Pyle ; Mary, 
 b. 3, 5, 1753, d. 11, 18, 1829, m. John Jackson ; Caleb, 
 
588 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 b. 5, 9, 1755, d. 5, 6, 1834, m. Hannah Edwards ; Joshua, 
 b. 7, 7, 1757, d. 11, 29, 1839 ; Joel, b. 8, 16, 1764, d. 4, 
 29, 1842, m. Lydia Smedley. 
 
 Caleb's children were Mary, Levi, Martha, Lydia (mar- 
 ried John Trimble), Caleb, Hannah (married Robert 
 Ingram), and Joel, born 8, 26, 1800, who married Marga- 
 retta, daughter of Dr. Abraham Baily, and resides on a part 
 of the original Harlan tract in Newlin. 
 
 Joshua- was the father of Gen. Josiah Harlan, who spent 
 considerable time in the service of Dost Mahomed, Ameer 
 of Cabul, and was the author of " A Memoir of India and 
 Avghanistaun," 1842. 
 
 Joel Harlan, son of Joel, was the father of Mary, wife of 
 John J. Monaghan, Esq. 
 
 HARLAN, Abram Douglas, son of Ezekiel and 
 Hannah M. Harlan, was born in West Marlborough town- 
 ship, Chester Co., Pa., Sept. 3, 1833. When eleven years 
 of age he removed with his parents to Coatesville, which has 
 since been his home. He was educated in the public and 
 private schools of his native county. At the early age of thir- 
 teen years he began business-life in a country store at Mor- 
 tonville. About a year afterwards he found a situation in- 
 Philadelphia as the errand-boy of a trunk manufactory, 
 and received for his services two dollars per month and his 
 shoes. By patient, persevering effort, industry, and econ- 
 omy he ascended step by step until he became a merchant 
 on his own account, and was able to open a general store in 
 Coatesville. He was an enterprising and very successful 
 merchant. In October, 1862, pressed by the call of duty 
 to his country, he left his business, at considerable financial 
 loss, and voluntarily entered the army. He served as a 
 private soldier in an independent company of cavalry, and 
 was first lieutenant and regimental quartermaster of the 
 157th Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 
 In politics Mr. Harlan has always been an ardent Re- 
 publican. As such he has filled the following positions : 
 He was transcribing clerk of the Pennsylvania House of 
 Representatives during the sessions of 1864, and message 
 clerk of the same body during the sessions of 1865, 1866, 
 and 1867. He was a representative delegate from Chester 
 County in the Republican State Convention of 1872, and 
 one of the assistant clerks of the Constitutional Conven- 
 tion of Pennsylvania during its entire session (1872 and 
 1873). He edited and published a small volume entitled 
 " Constitutional Convention of Pennsylvania, 1872 and 
 1873, its Members and OflBcers." He served under the 
 Hon. A. P. Tutton, supervisor of internal revenue, as a 
 special clerk for nearly two years, and when that gentle- 
 man was appointed collector of customs of the port of Phil- 
 adelphia, he appointed Mr. Harlan, on account of his emi- 
 nent fitness, to the responsible position of assistant cashier. 
 Under Gen. Hartranft he holds the same position. 
 
 As a citizen at home, Mr. Harlan has been identified 
 with all the educational and progressive interests of Coates- 
 ville. For fourteen years he has been a member of the 
 school-board, and has done much for the advancement of the 
 schools. For five years he was secretary of the board, and 
 during the last nine years he has been its president. He 
 was the first to suggest the introduction of gas-works into 
 the borough, and as early as 1868 secured a charter for the 
 
 same. He originated and organized the Coatesville Build- 
 ing Association, and during its existence was one of its 
 chief managers. He conceived the idea of the Fairview 
 Cemetery, and was instrumental in obtaining the charter 
 and in the formation of the company. After the close of 
 the war he became a dealer in real estate, and through his 
 agency much of the farm-land within the borough limits 
 has been laid out in building lots, houses have been erected, 
 and streets have been opened, graded, and paved. 
 
 At eighteen he became a member of the Coatesville 
 Presbyterian Church, and has ever taken an active inter- 
 est in its welfare. In the twenty-first year of his age he 
 was elected superintendent of the Sabbath-school of his 
 church, and, excepting three years during the war, he has 
 since held that office. Under his management the school 
 has enjoyed a continuous season of prosperity, and is to-day 
 one of the most flourishing in the county. For a number 
 of years he was one of the trustees of the church ; for ten 
 years its treasurer ; and in November, 1871, was elected a 
 ruling elder, which position he still holds. He was sent by 
 the Presbytery of Chester as a commissioner to the Gen- 
 eral Assembly of 1880. 
 
 Mr. Harlan was married, Jan. 1, 1857, to Miss Lizzie P., 
 daughter of Samuel W. and Jane B. Scott. To them have 
 been born three children, viz. : Walter L., died in infancy ; 
 Justin E., graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, now 
 practicing dentistry in Philadelphia ; and W. Scott, a mem- 
 ber of the class of 1882, Lafayette College, classical course. 
 
 Mr. Harlan may well be regarded as one of the marked 
 and self-made men of Chester County, — successful in busi- 
 ness ; influential in the politics of the community and of 
 the State ; honored, useful, and influential in the church. 
 
 HARPER, John, was one of those Chester County 
 patriots who in the beginning of the year 1776 stepped for- 
 ward to join the Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion, raised by 
 authority of the Continental Congress, and placed under 
 the command of Col. Anthony Wayne. Mr. Harper was 
 appointed ensign of the company commanded by Capt. 
 Persifor Frazer, and was also made quartermaster of the 
 company, which marched with the battalion to the Ca- 
 nadian frontier, and passed the campaign in the region 
 around Ticonderoga. He was afterwards ensign of Capt. 
 James Taylor's company. At the close of the campaign, 
 Wayne rose to the rank of a brigadier, and a fifth battalion, 
 or regiment, was organized, under command of Col. Francis 
 Johnston and Lieut.-Col. Persifor Frazer. 
 
 Harper ultimately attained to the rank of brigade major, 
 and was stationed, with that corps and others, under Gen. 
 Wayne, near Chads' Ford on the Brandywine, Sept. 11, 
 1777. A few days after that unlucky battle Col. Frazer 
 and Maj. Harper, while on a reconnoitring excursion, were 
 made prisoners by a party of British under Gen. Grant, 
 and taken to Philadelphia, to experience the tender mercies 
 of the infamous Cunningham. Col. Frazer eflFeoted his 
 escape some time afterwards, but Maj. Harper was kept a 
 prisoner until Nov. 4, 1780. When the Revolutionary 
 struggle was over, Maj. Harper became a public-house 
 keeper in the borough of Chester, and in 1784 he was 
 elected to the office of coroner for the county. Soon afirer- 
 wards the good people of the bailiwick were greatly excited by 
 
'^^c6^ 
 
 E"-q •• ■';:; Hf Bill S Sr,i,!, 1', ft;; 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 589 
 
 the effort to remove the seat of justice from ancient Upland 
 (Chester) to the "Turk's Head," in Goshen (now the 
 borough of West Chester), and when the Uplanders set 
 out for the threatened purpose of dissolving the " Cestrian" 
 Union, and demolishing the new buildings at the " Turk's 
 Head," the command of the field-piece was vested in Maj. 
 Harper. Happily, no mischief was done. Peace was re- 
 stored, and the worthy major lived, afterwards, to be " mine 
 host" of the Turk's Head, and also to keep the public- 
 house in the ancient village of Dilworthstown, where he 
 died in the beginning of the present century, and was in- 
 terred in the cemetery at Cheyney's Shops. His respectable 
 descendants, of the third and fourth generation, are still to 
 be found in West Chester. 
 
 HART, John, of Chester County, the second son of Col. 
 Joseph Hart, of Bucks County, was born at Warminster, 
 Nov. 29, 1743. He married, Sept. 13, 1767, Rebecca 
 Rees, of the Crooked Billet, and soon after removed to 
 Chester County, where he purchased a mill and land near 
 " Old Church." From Chester County he was a delegate 
 to the conference of the provincial deputies, held July 15, 
 1774, a member of the Constitutional Convention of July 
 15, 1776, and appointed justice of the peace July 25, 1777. 
 Owing to his warm espousal of the cause of the colonies, 
 he was so persecuted by the Tories in 1778 that he was 
 obliged to leave his mill and return to Bucks County, where 
 he spent the remainder of his life. In the spring of 1779 
 he succeeded Henry Wynkoop as treasurer of Bucks County, 
 and was one of the victims of the Doane robberies, in Oc- 
 tober, 1781. He died at Newtown, June 5, 1786, at the 
 age of forty-three years. 
 
 HARTMAN, George. — The founder of the Hartman 
 family in Chester County was John Hartman, a native of 
 Schwerin, Hesse-Cassel (now Prussia). In 1753 he, with 
 his wife, whose maiden name was Moses, emigrated to 
 America with a family of five sons — John, Joseph, George, 
 Peter, and Christopher — and several daughters, and landed 
 in Philadelphia. Of these, Christopher, born May 6, 1750, 
 married, in August, 1776, Mary Hutchinson, of Mercer 
 Co., N. J. In 1795 they moved to Lexington, Ky., and 
 in 1801 to Clermont Co., Ohio, where he died March 16, 
 1833. One of the daughters, Mary, married a Rice, an 
 oflScer in the Revolutionary war. John, the emigrant, was 
 twice married, and Abigail, a daughter by his second wife, 
 married Zachariah Rice, and was the mother of twenty-two 
 children, seventeen of whom walked in procession to their 
 mother's grave. Zachariah Rice did much work for the 
 government during the Revolutionary war, and assisted in 
 building the hospital at Yellow Springs. One of Mr. Rice's 
 daughters married Daniel Kable, of Morgantown, Pa. She 
 was the grandmother of Mrs. Dr. Hartman, of West Chester. 
 John Hartman the elder, with his family, settled west of 
 the Yellow Springs, where he purchased a tract of several 
 hundred acres. The vicinity of the Yellow Springs was at 
 that period settled almost entirely by Germans, some of 
 whose descendants still occupy the farms owned by their 
 grandparents. The farms of East and West Pikeland were 
 at that period much larger than at present, many containing 
 from 300 to 500 acres of land. That of Christian Hench, 
 on which Joseph Tustin now resides, contained 300 acres. 
 
 Peter Hartman, the son of John Hartman, was placed in 
 Philadelphia, with a wealthy German acquaintance of his 
 father, to learn the sugar-refining business, which, however, 
 he soon abandoned to join the Continental army, in which 
 he served as an officer. He took an active part in public 
 affairs, and from the commencement of the war he was an 
 ardent and active patriot. Peter Hartman married a widow 
 named Stein, by whom she had one son, George. Mrs. 
 Stein had been previously twice married, — to a Mr. Orner, 
 by whom she had one son (Valentine), and afterwards to 
 Mr. Stein, by whom she had five children. Her maiden 
 name was Smith, and she had emigrated from Germany 
 when young. 
 
 George Hartman, son of Peter Hartman, when sixteen 
 years of age, was, at the instance of his father, taught to 
 beat the drum, and in a short time his proficiency was such 
 that he received the appointment of drum-major, and was 
 taken by his father through his military campaigns. He 
 was at different periods during the war stationed at Fort 
 Bergen, Billingsport, and other places. 
 
 A few days before the battle of Brandywine he was taken 
 sick with the camp fever at Chads' Ford, and was carried 
 by four men on a litter after night to his father's house 
 near the Yellow Springs, sixteen miles distant, where he 
 could be under the care of his father's family physician, 
 Dr. Roger Davis. The Tories were harassing the Whigs 
 of the neighborhood by domiciliary visits about this time, 
 and as Maj. Hartman wore the Continental uniform, he was 
 in constant danger of being captured, to avoid which he 
 was carried from one neighbor's house to another in the 
 night, and often concealed in the cellars through the day, 
 his medical attendant being notified in advance whenever a 
 change of location was deemed necessary. About this time 
 the old powder-magazine on French Creek (portions of 
 which were standing some years ago) was blown up, and 
 other damage inflicted on the inhabitants of the neighbor- 
 hood by the Tories. These depredations, however, were 
 soon ended by the American army going into winter quar- 
 ters at Valley Forge. During the winter of 1777, while 
 the army was encamped at Valley Forge, George Hartman 
 and his father were occupied with their four-horse wagon 
 going around the neighborhood collecting meat, flour, pota- 
 toes, cabbage, and all other edibles they could obtain by 
 contribution from the farmers, together with clothing and 
 straw for the soldiers' tents. The Whig ladies knit hose 
 and mittens for the soldiers, and contributed delicacies of 
 all kinds for the sick. Whenever a load was collected they 
 hauled it to camp, and on their return would bring a load 
 of sick soldiers to the hospital at the Yellow Springs. 
 They often received the thanks of Gen. Washington for 
 their efforts to sustain the army. 
 
 George Hartman married Mary Elizabeth Hench, a 
 daughter of Christian Hench. Mr. Hench had seven sons 
 and two daughters. The sons were men of remarkable 
 physique, all being over six feet in height, and all perished 
 in the Revolutionary war. The last one, named Peter, 
 when his period of enlistment had expired, re-enlisted be- 
 fore returning home, knowing that his mother would not 
 consent to his return to the army. When he returned 
 home his mother recognized him while a long way off, clad 
 
590 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 in a new uniform, and told the family she knew he had re- 
 enlisted. In a few days he rejoined the army never more 
 to return. 
 
 Georare Hartman was at one time sheriff of Chester 
 
 County. Of three children born to him, the third and 
 only surviving one was G-en. George Hartman, the subject 
 of this sketch, who was born in East Pikeland township, 
 May 5, 1793. When a young man he designed entering 
 the mercantile marine, and with this view he studied as- 
 tronomy, navigation, and surveying, under the direction of 
 a private tutor. Before attaining his majority war was de- 
 clared by the United States against Great Britain, and he 
 applied himself at once to the study of military tactics, in 
 which he became quite proficient. He was the first drill- 
 officer of the " American Grays," a company formed at 
 West Chester about that period. In the summer of 1814 
 he enlisted in Capt. John G. Wersler's company of volun- 
 teers, the Great Valley Light Infantry, and was appointed 
 orderly sergeant. Owing to having received an injury 
 about the time this company was mustered into service, he 
 was dropped from the roll. On his recovery, however, his 
 proficiency in military tactics recommended him to favor- 
 able notice, and, notwithstanding his youth, he was elected 
 captain of the second company of the Sixty-fifth Pennsyl- 
 vania Militia Regiment, commanded by Col. John L. 
 Pearson. His company consisted of one hundred and 
 fourteen men, drafted from the neighborhood of the Yellow 
 Springs and Kimberton. His commission from Governor 
 Snyder bore date Sept. 17, 1814. After his term of ser- 
 vice expired he was appointed deputy sheriff of Chester 
 County, under his father. Aug. 31, 1821, he was com- 
 missioned by Governor Heister as colonel of the Fifty- 
 seventh Regiment Militia, and May 10, 1833, by Governor 
 Shulze, as captain of a volunteer company, called the " Ches- 
 
 ter County Fencibles." Aug. 3, 1835, he was elected brig- 
 adier-general of the First Brigade, Third Division, of the 
 militia. After the death of Maj.-Gen. Isaac D. Barnard, 
 he was elec(ed and commissioned major-general of the 
 Third Division. In February, 1839, he was appointed 
 recorder of deeds for Chester County by Governor Porter, 
 and (owing to an amendment to the State constitution 
 making the office an elective one) the following November 
 elected to the office for three years. He Was an expert 
 penman and mathematician, and for many years was the 
 principal surveyor and conveyancer in the northern part of 
 the county. In all his business relations he was regarded 
 as a gentleman of unswerving integrity. For many years 
 he was a member and officer of St. Peter's Lutheran Church, 
 East Pikeland township. He died Nov. 5, 1878, aged 
 eighty-five years and four months. 
 
 His children were Dr. William D., Granville S., Mary 
 T. (now the widow of Isaac Sloanaker), Joshua W., G. 
 Washington, Elizabeth Raby, and Albert S., and two 
 who died young. His son Dr. William D. Hartman, a 
 physician of West Chester, graduated at the University 
 of Pennsylvania in 1839. His tastes are scientific, and 
 he has devoted especial attention to conchology, entomol- 
 ogy, geology, and mineralogy. His collection of shells is 
 the largest and most valuable in the State, outside of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 HARTSHORNE, Joshua, is descended from a family 
 of that name who came from England and settled in what 
 is now Cecil Co., Md., about the year 1700, where they 
 engaged in agricultural pursuits, taking an active part in 
 the affairs of the colony and during the war of the Revo- 
 lution. His uncle, John Hartshorne, entered the service 
 in the Third Regiment of the Maryland line, served during 
 the war, and was discharged colonel of the regiment at its 
 close, November, 1783. 
 
 Joshua Hartshorne, who was born June 17, 1804, was 
 the third son and fourth child of Jonathan Hartshorne and 
 his wife, Mary Gillespie, who was of Scotch-Irish extrac- 
 tion. He received his education under the care of the 
 learned Rev. Dr. Magraw, of West Nottingham Academy, 
 Cecil Co., Md. He subsequently removed to Chester Co., 
 Pa., and engaged in merchandising. In 1839 he was 
 elected a member of the Lower House of the Pennsylvania 
 Legislature, and served one term. In 1844, the same year 
 of the exciting Presidential campaign between Polk and 
 Clay, he was elected a member of the State Board of Rail- 
 road and Canal Commissioners, and served three years, 
 being the last year president of the board. On retiring 
 from office, in 1848, he engaged in the iron business at 
 Baltimore, Md., and after residing there about thirty years 
 he returned to Chester County, and settled at West Chester. 
 
 HARVEY, William, was born 9, 5, 1678, in the 
 parish of Lyd ( ?), in Worcestershire, England, whence he 
 came to Pennsylvania in 1712, bringing a certificate from 
 Friends of Worcester, which was received by Philadelphia 
 Monthly Meeting 7, 26, 1712. He married, 6, 12, 1714, 
 Judith Osborn, widow of Peter Osborn, who had come 
 over in the same vessel. She was born at Bilson, in Staf- 
 fordshire, 1683. He was by occupation a maltster, and in 
 1714 purchased 300 acres of land on Brandywine, in Keu- 
 
iixyj\j(±viiLj^ ±4-±\J-a.Aj jcii-iju' \jrAyi.iu/i.jJV7\jrxv-a.jj. 
 
 D91 
 
 net (now Pennsbury), Chester Co., upon which they settled 
 in the following year. William died 6, 20, 1754, and his 
 wife 5, 1, nSO. 
 
 They had children, — Hannah, b. 6, 18, 1715, m. Jacob 
 Way; William, b. 2, 9, 1717, d. 4, 24, 1813, m. Ann 
 Evitt; Isaac, b. 9, 21, 1718, d. 11, 3, 1802, m. Martha 
 Newlin and went to the South ; Amos, b. 10, 3, 1721, m. 
 Kezia Wright; James, b. 6, 21, 1723, d. 10, 9, 1784. 
 
 William and Ann Harvey had children, — Judith, m. 
 Francis Lamborn ; William, b. 6, 3, 1744, m. Susanna 
 Pusey and Mary Chandler ; Amos, b. 4, 7, 1749, d. 4, 15, 
 1825, m. Hannah Pusey; Peter, b. 10, 20, 1751, d. 9, 13, 
 1824, m. Jane Walter ; Caleb, b. 1746, died in infancy. 
 
 Amos and Hannah (Pusey) Harvey had children, — 
 Joshua, b. 11, 26, 1769, m. Susanna House; Ellis, b, 7, 
 
 Pusey Harvey, born 1, 17, 1794, died 4, 22, 1851, mar- 
 ried Phebe, daughter of John and Hannah Way, of Ken- 
 net, and was the father of several children, — John, Hannah, 
 Amos, Lea, Jacob W., Susanna, Mary W., and Sarah. 
 
 Jacob W. Harvey was bom 10th mo. 1, 1826, in 
 Pennsbury township. His parents being strict members of 
 the Society of Friends, he was carefully trained in his youth 
 within the pale of that sect. In 1844 he apprenticed him- 
 self to Isaiah Price, of West Chester, to learn the trade of 
 a bricklayer, which he afterwards followed several summers, 
 teaching in the winters. Habits of industry formed in 
 childhood, together with an innate thirst for knowledge, led 
 him to a just sense of the value of spare moments, and while 
 many of the other workmen were lounging between the 
 hours of labor, he was reading philosophy, history, botany, 
 
 £z^ipr^ 
 
 1, 1771, d. 1772 ; Eli, b. 12, 29, 1772, d. 1, 10, 1846, m. 
 Mary Painter and Kachel (HoUingsworth) Harvey ; Wil- 
 liam, b. .1, 2, 1775, d. 8, 26, 1850, m. Sarah Marshall ; 
 Mary, b. 12, 9, 1779, d. 4, 17, 1839, m. Stephen Webb ; 
 Ann, b. 5, 31, 1783, m. Jesse Sharpless; Phebe, b. 6, 17, 
 1787, m. Evan Phillips; Lydia, b. 11, 19, 1789, m. Joel 
 Jones; Hannah, b. 11, 29, 1793, m. John Phillips. 
 
 Eli Harvey was the father of Chalkey Harvey, near 
 Chads' Ford, and of Dr. Elwood Harvey, of Chester, who 
 are much interested in collecting the family history. 
 
 Joshua and Susannah Harvey were the parents of Pusey, 
 Ellis, Sarah, Townsend, and Joshua Hai-vey. Of these, 
 Sarah T. H., widow of George Pearson, is living, and also 
 interested in tracing the numerous and wide-spread branches 
 of the family-tree. 
 
 astronomy, and other branches of useful learning. At 
 nineteen years of age he became a pupil of the Unionville 
 Academy, then under the charge of Jonathan Gause. He 
 was married in 1850 to Maggie Nields, and entered into 
 business of his trade in 1851, in Philadelphia, which he 
 followed for four years, building over one hundred houses 
 in that time, making (to use his own words) " many friends, 
 but little money.'' 
 
 In 1855 he accepted the principalship of the Kennet 
 Square High School. In 1857 was made principal of the 
 Fairville Institute, which he conducted for ten years, and 
 until he purchased and removed to the Unionville Academy, 
 where he still resides. 
 
 In 1877, Dr. Wickersham, State superintendent of public 
 instruction, appointed him to fill the unexpired term of the 
 
592 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 county superintendent, that office being made vacant by the 
 death of Hiram F. Pierce. 
 
 In 1878 and 1881 he was re-elected by a vote of the 
 school directors of the county, which position he still holds, 
 and which, by his industry, faithfulness, and self-sacrifice, 
 he conducts with marked success. 
 
 His public institutes are deservedly popular, and there 
 can be no doubt that he is exerting a healthful influence 
 over the public schools of the county. 
 
 His gentlemanly deportment, afiability of manners, and 
 genuine sympathy for teachers are securing for him a place 
 of esteem in the minds of those over whom he is placed. 
 He deserves a place among the unpretending but faithful 
 friends of education. 
 
 HASLETT, Dr. John Davidson Smith, was born in 
 the township of West Fallowfield (now Highland) on the 
 31st day of August, A.D. 1828. He was a son of James 
 Haslett, Esq., an active and influential citizen in his day, 
 and a soldier in the war of 1812, first as a private and af- 
 terwards holding the position of adjutant. He received 
 part of his education at Unionville Academy, though he 
 was in a large measure self-instructed. His inclinations 
 always lay in the line of mental efibrt, and he applied him- 
 self to the acquisition of knowledge with an earnestness 
 and energy that gave proof he understood its value as an 
 element of power in man's life, — a mighty lever in every 
 scheme of noble ambition. Soon after attaining his major- 
 ity he conceived the idea of becoming a physician, — a 
 choice of profession wisely made, and one for which his 
 active intellect and strong physical constitution admirably 
 fitted him. He commenced the study of medicine under 
 Dr. Samuel 0. Harry, in March, 1853, and selected the Jef- 
 ferson Medical College, at Philadelphia, as his alma mater, 
 at which institution he graduated in March, 1855. Then 
 came the puzzling question where to settle. The medical 
 fraternity was neither weak in numbers nor confined in lo- 
 cality, but had so plenteously disposed themselves over the 
 land that to discover a " good opening'' seemed an impossi- 
 bility. Talent and resolution, however, will always work its 
 way, and these were combined in Dr. Haslett. Following the 
 " course of empire," he turned his steps " westward," and in 
 October of the same year commenced practice in Alexandria, 
 a small town in the northeast part of Missouri. The place, 
 however, did not suit his tastes and acquirements, and in 
 June of the following year he went to St. Louis, where his 
 success at once became certain, and where he afterwards re- 
 sided. He readily gained the esteem and confidence of the 
 older physicians of the city, and by devoting himself with 
 the ardor of one who loves his vocation to the duties of his 
 profession, soon became known as a skilled and successful 
 practitioner. 
 
 In 1859 he was elected corresponding secretary of the 
 St. Louis Medical Society of Missouri, an association num- 
 bering about eighty members, — certainly an honor after so 
 brief a residence, and a testimony of his high professional 
 standing. 
 
 In September, 1861, a few months after the outbreak of 
 the Rebellion, he was appointed and commissioned by 
 Governor Gamble surgeon of the 9th Regiment Missouri 
 Volunteers, then under the command of Gen. Fremont. 
 
 After he was superseded, they were united with the " Army 
 of the Southwest," under Gen. Curtis. On the 28th of 
 January, 1862, he was detached as post-surgeon to take 
 charge of the hospitals at Otterville, Mo. In this situation 
 he performed his duties with great efficiency, and his re- 
 port to the head department at St, Louis, on closing the 
 hospitals, about two months afterwards, was regarded as the 
 clearest and most satisfactory of any that had been re- 
 ceived. 
 
 The contingencies of war occasioning a frequent transfer 
 of regiments from one army corps to another, Dr. Haslett 
 in the spring of 1862 became connected with the Army of 
 the Mississippi, under Gen. Grant ; and in June of this 
 year was appointed surgeon of the First Brigade, Fourth 
 Division. In the latter part of September this division 
 was transferred to Buell's army, and he marched with it to 
 Louisville when that city was threatened with an attack 
 by the rebels. When the Army of the Ohio, under Gen. 
 Buell, marched from Louisville to attack the rebel invaders, 
 Dr. Haslett accompanied it, holding the position of sur- 
 geon 59th Illinois, and acting surgeon Thirtieth Brigade, 
 Ninth Division. Soon after, on the 8th of October, 1862, 
 he was killed at the battle of Chaplin Hills, near Perryville, 
 Ky. It was near sunset when the battle commenced, and 
 the officers of one of the regiments being sick and absent 
 from their posts. Dr. Haslett went into the fight to cheer 
 and encourage the men, a duty for which his intrepid na- 
 ture well fitted him. While the battle was still going on, 
 he rode to the rear to see that the ambulances and his 
 assistants were in right position for duty, and was return- 
 ing to the field, when he met two soldiers carrying back 
 a wounded captain. Directing them to lay him in a slight 
 ravine close by, to be safer from the enemy's fire, he or- 
 dered the soldiers back to their place in the ranks, and was 
 preparing to dress the officer's wounds, when he was struck 
 by a musket-ball in the neck and instantly killed. During 
 the night, the enemy having gained possession of the 
 ground for a time, they robbed his body of everything 
 valuable. In the morning, our forces being ordered to press 
 forward, in passing over the field where he lay, hastily built 
 a protection around his body, when two days afler, the 
 earliest moment then possible, Capt. Snyder, of the 59th 
 Illinois, a brave and humane officer, with two assistants, 
 buried him on the spot where he fell. A brother re- 
 siding in Kansas City, on hearing of his death, immedi- 
 ately came on, .and having secured his remains, brought 
 them to his native home in Chester County, where they 
 were reinterred in the family burying-ground at Fagg's 
 Manor. 
 
 Dr. Haslett possessed those qualities of mind that fitted 
 him to deal successfully with men and command the largest 
 influences. Of a social and generous nature, with a fine 
 address and large intelligence, he was not long in forming 
 an agreeable fellowship with those among whom it was his 
 lot to dwell. He had aspirations, but not beyond his 
 abilities; and whatever distinction he attained was by 
 virtue of a well-cultured mind and a determination to suc- 
 ceed. He took a deep interest in the political affairs of the 
 country, watching closely the course of legislation, and 
 was an ardent advocate of whatever policy commended itself 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 593 
 
 to his judgment. No cause in which he engaged ever suf- 
 fered from want of enthusiasm on his part ; no work was 
 confided to him that he did not labor to do it well. Both 
 as a writer and speaker he possessed excellent capabilities. 
 He sometimes addressed public assemblages, and with good 
 elocutionary abilities and a fine discernment, always in a 
 manner- at once pleasing and effective. He wrote with 
 facility and with much vigor and grace of expression, and 
 his contributions to the public journals, discussing as they 
 did topics of immediate interest, were always attractive to 
 the general reader. 
 
 Dr. Haslett was still a young man, not having reached 
 the prime of manhood when he was killed. A bright 
 future was before him, and his fame steadily enlarging when 
 his career was suddenly ended. With the many heroic 
 spirits who periled life and lost it in the service of their 
 country, he has passed to his final rest ; yet will he be long 
 remembered as one who shunned no duty in the hour of 
 danger, and who sealed his loyalty with his blood. 
 
 HAWLEY, Benjamin, born 8, 5, 1Y03, died 7, 29, 
 1'782, son of Thomas and Frances (Malin) Hawley, of 
 London, came to Pennsylvania in 1722, and lived some 
 years with John Willis, Jr., in Thornbury ; married, 1, 5, 
 1730, Dinah Gabiter, daughter of John Gabiter, of the 
 parish of Giles in the Fields, London, who died 11, 26, 
 1761, in her sixty-third year. In 1735 he took a voyage 
 to England, and returned the next spring, making also two 
 other voyages in 1759 and 1769. He followed farming and 
 teaching school, mostly in the neighborhood of Birming- 
 ham ; was married at Birmingham Meeting, 4, 20, 1763, 
 to his second wife, Catharine Hillborn, and spent the last 
 years of his life at his son Joseph's, in West Bradford. 
 He was buried at Birtningham, as was his first and perhaps 
 his last wife, who died 5, 13, 1789. His gun-barrel, which 
 he brought from England, is in possession of his great- 
 grandson, Thomas P. Hawley, of West Chester, who has 
 refitted it. 
 
 A Bible, printed 1599, was given him by his sister Mary 
 in 1735-36, and is now in possession of Rebecca (Hawley) 
 Chambers. It contains the births of his children, as fol- 
 lows: Benjamin, b. Nov. 18, 1730; d. 10, 26, 1815; m. 
 Mary Johnson, 4, 22, 1756. Mary, b. Oct. 5, 1732 ; m. 
 Hugh Kirgan. Joseph, b. March 21, 1735 ; d. 11, 21, 
 1817 ; m. Elizabeth Spackman and Agnes Jones. William, 
 b. Sept. 17, 1737 ; d. 6, 2, 1826 ; m. Hannah Taylor, Eliza- 
 beth Eavenson, and Phebe Hoopes. Susanna, b. March 
 28, 1740 ; d. 7, 21, 1770 ; m. Christopher Nupher. John, 
 b. March 11, 1743 (or '45). 
 
 Joseph Hawley, son of Benjamin and Dinah, was mar- 
 ried, 4, 28, 1762, to Elizabeth Spackman, daughter of Isaac 
 and Esther Spackman, of Wiltshire, England. She was 
 born 7, 21, 1735, near Malmsbury, and died 8, 25, 1796. 
 Joseph was married again, at Bradford Meeting, 4, 3, 1800, 
 to Agnes Davis, daughter of Evan and Susanna Jones, of 
 Uwchlan, being her third husband. She was born 12, 1, 
 1745-6, and died 8, 2, 1817. Their children were 
 Esther, b. 2, 18, 1763 ; d. 10, 28, 1816 ; m. Daniel Kent. 
 Dinah, b. 12, 21, 1764 ; d. 12, 24, 1768. William, b. 7, 
 18, 1766; d. 5, 8, 1836; m. Ann Marshall. Mary, b. 9, 
 14, 1768 ; d. 9, 15, 1771. Elizabeth, b. 5, 29, 1770 ; d. 9, 
 75 
 
 22, 1851 ; m. Richard Woodward. Joseph, b. 11, 12, 
 1772; d. 12, 21, 1851 ; m. Elizabeth Woodward. Isaac, 
 b. 8, 6, 1775; d. 1837 (?), unmarried, at Downingtown. 
 John, b. 9, 25, 1778 ; d. unmarried ; made a will dated 
 5, 22, 1814. 
 
 Benjamin Hawley (2) married, 4, 22, 1756, Mary, daugh- 
 ter of Benjamin Johnson, of East Bradford, and settled in 
 that township, near his brother Joseph, who was in West 
 Bradford. Their children were Caleb, b. 4, 23, 1757 ; m. 
 Hannah Battin, 5, 30, 1782. Thomas, b. 12, 6, 1758 ; d. 
 4, 17, 1780-1 ; buried at Bradford, 4, 19, 1781 (diary). 
 Joseph, b. 6, 6, 1760 ; d. 10, 5, 1856 ; m. Rebecca Mere- 
 dith, 5, 23, 1798. Robert, b. 3, 28, 1762 ; m. Patience 
 Yearsley, 11, 21, 1787. Rachel, b. 8, 3, 1763; m. Arthur 
 McCann. Hannah, b. 4, 7, 1766. Mary, b. 9, 2, 1767 ; 
 m. John Ingram. Lydia, b. 2, 28, 1769 ; d. 12, 28, 1770, 
 in morning; buried 12, 29, at Bradford. Susanna, b. 9, 
 11, 1770; m. Elisha Davis, 12, 12, 1793. Tamer, b. 5, 
 2, 1772 ; m. Joshua Hicklin, 12, 17, 1801. Rebecca, b. 
 1, 9, 1774 ; d. 3, 18, 1859, unmarried, at Aaron Garrett's ; 
 buried at Goshen, 3, 20, 1859. Dinah, b. 1, 18, 1776 ; m. 
 John Hicklin, 5, 21, 1801. Benjamin, b. 5, 18, 1777 ; d. 
 8, 17, 1857 ; m. Deborah Hoopes, 3, 26, 1801. Phebe, b. 
 1, 14, 1779; d. 2, 11, 1782; buried at Bradford, 2, 13, 
 1782. 
 
 Mary Hawley, the mother of these, died 4, 27, 1822, in 
 her eighty-ninth year. 
 
 Joseph and Rebecca (Meredith) Hawley, of Uwchlan, 
 were the parents of Joel Hawley, ex-associate judge of our 
 courts, now living in West Chester. He is the father of 
 Col. Joseph W. Hawley, of Media. 
 
 HAYES, Henry, " lately arrived in this province," ob- 
 tained a warrant Sept. 3, 1705, to take up 500 acres, one 
 moiety of 1000 acres originally purchased from William 
 Penn by Richard Hands, of Swarford, in the county of 
 Oxon, England, and on 11th mo. (Jan.) 28, 1705, obtained 
 another warrant for 484 acres, the remainder, deducting 
 liberty land near the city of Philadelphia. By virtue of 
 the first warrant he took up 384 acres on the west branch 
 of Brandy wine, just south of the present Coatesville, and 
 in the following year 600 acres were surveyed for him, in- 
 cluding the present site of Unionville. Afterwards he ob- 
 tained several hundred acres, extending from the last tract 
 to the northwest corner of Bast Marlborough, and received 
 a patent Nov. 25, 1717, for 1100 acres in this township. 
 He was an active citizen, and a justice of the peace and of 
 the Common Pleas for several years. His wife, Rachel, 
 living in 1736, was perhaps mother of all his children, 
 but he left a widow named Isabella. 
 
 His children, so far as known, were, — 1. William; 2. 
 Richard ; 3. Joseph ; 4. James ; 5. John ; 6. Stephen ; 7. 
 Thomas; 8. Mary; 9. Joanna; 10. Margaret; 11. Eliza- 
 beth ; 12. Anne ; 13. Rachel (m. William Wickersham) ; 
 
 14. Ruth (m. Heaney) ; and 15. Lydia (m. Thomas 
 
 Nichols). 
 
 (1) William Hayes m. Jane James, 11, 19, 1725-6, and 
 settled on part of his father's land. 
 
 Children— le. John, b. 8, 2, 1726 ; m. Hannah Kirk. 
 17. David, b. 8, 14, 1728 ; m. Ann Bailey. 18. Sarah, 
 b. 12, 24, 1730 ; m. William Lamborn. 19. William, b. 
 
594 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 8, 8, 1733. 20. Hannah, b. 1, 1, 1Y36; m. Samuel 
 Swayne. 21. Mordecai, b. 5, 29, 1738 ; m. Ann Greave. 
 22. Thomas, b. 3, 24, 1741. 23. Joshua, b. 3, 24, 1741. 
 24. Abram, b. 9th mo., 1743. 25. Rachel, b. 3d mo., 1747. 
 
 (2) Richard Hayes died in the winter of 1742-3, in 
 West Marlborough, leaving widow, Mary, and children, — 
 26. Henry ; 27. Margaret (m. Jeremiah Starr) ; 28. 
 Mary (m. Ebenezer Speakman) ; 29. George ; 30. Jona- 
 than ; and 31. Jesse. Of these, Henry married, 9, 17, 
 1748, Ann Strode, daughter of John and Magdalen, and 
 was probably the sheriff of that name in 1773 and '74. 
 
 (3) Joseph Hayes married, 8, 26, 1727, Jean Wood- 
 ward, daughter of Richard, of West Bradford, and settled 
 on part of "his father's land. He died, 1748, leaving issue, 
 —32. Isaac; 33. Henry; 34. Abigail; 35. Joseph; 36. 
 Caleb; 37. Ruth. 
 
 (4) James Hayes married Mary Cox and settled in East 
 Fallowfield, near Doe Run, where he died about 1758. His 
 children were Nathan, Henry, Sarah (m. Aaron Baker), 
 Rachel, Hannah (m. James Clark), and Lydia. 
 
 (7) Thomas Hayes obtained in 1732, 177 acres of his 
 father's land, near Unionville. He was married, 10, 11, 
 1734, to Mary, widow of Alphonsus Kirk, Jr., and daughter 
 of Thomas and Mary Nichols. He left two children, — 
 Samuel and Dinah ; of whom the first became the owner of 
 the property by release from his sister in 1760. Samuel 
 and Elizabeth, his wife, had the following children : Ann, 
 b. 1, 12, 1761 ; Lydia, b. 1, 12, 1763; Job, b. 10, 26, 
 1764 ; Thomas, b. 2, 6, 1766 ; Mary, b. 7, 19, 1767, m. 
 Thomas Jackson; Sarah, b. 4, 16, 1769; Jonathan, b. 2, 
 3, 1771, d. 4, 16, 1790 ; Ruth, b. 10, 24, 1772 ; Dinah, 
 b. 3, 6, 1775, d. 6, 7, 1798, m. John Commons ; Nathan, 
 b. 8, 20, 1776 ; Elizabeth, b. 4, 25, 1778 ; Jane, b. 9, 18, 
 1783. 
 
 Job Hayes purchased the homestead in 1792, and con- 
 tinued to reside thereon. By Sarah, his wife, he was the 
 father of four children, viz. ; Thomas, b. 8, 9, 1785, d. 6, 
 26, 1786 ; Nathan (M.D.), b. 2, 5, 1787, of whom here- 
 after; Levi, b. 2, 5, 1789, whose son Job lives at the 
 homestead ; Job, b. 12, 21, 1792, d. 10, 2, 1794. 
 
 (21) Mordecai Hayes married, 4, 18, 1764, Ann, daugh- 
 ter of John and Jane Greave, and settled in Newlin town- 
 ship. Their children were Jane, Jacob, Eli (married Sarah 
 Ward), John, Jonathan, and Mordecai, who married, 12, 
 24, 1801, Mary House, and left a son, Jacob, late of New- 
 lin, whose residence is shown elsewhere. William M. 
 Hayes, Esq., of West Chester, is a son of Jacob Hayes. 
 
 (33) Henry Hayes married Elizabeth , and their 
 
 daughter Elizabeth, born 10, 15, 1769, married Emmor 
 Baily. 
 
 (36) Caleb Hayes married, about 1758, Mary Baily, 
 daughter of Thomas and Sarah, and had six children, — 
 Isaac, Anne (married John Cooper, and went to Ohio), 
 Caleb, Ellis, Ruth (married Joseph Brown), Abigail (mar- 
 ried Richard Milleson). All the family except Isaac went 
 West. John Hayes, a son of (35) Joseph, had large 
 possessions on the Miami River, and raised cattle exten- 
 sively. Caleb Hayes died in Newlin, 1786. Isaac Hayes, 
 son of Caleb, born 10, 12, 1762, died 10, 4, 1844, mar- 
 ried Sarah, daughter of Benjamin and Abigail Walton, 
 
 and resided in East Fallowfield. Sarah was born 10, 15, 
 1770, and died 9, 16, 1843. Their children were Eliza- 
 beth, b. 6, 8, 1795 ; m. Robert Letchworth. Israel, b. 9, 
 
 9, 1797 ; d. 9, 15, 1830. Rebecca, b. 12, 16, 1799 ; m. 
 Abel I. Thomas. Mary, b. 2, 21,. 1802; m. Daniel B. 
 Thompson. Benjamin, b. 8, 28, 1804. Sarah, b. 1, 20, 
 1808; m. Thomas Shields. Isaac, b. 11, 30, 1810; d. 4, 
 
 10, 1878. 
 
 Benjamin Hayes, son of Isaac and Sarah, married, 11, 
 16, 1826, Ann, daughter of Jacob and Jemima (Kay) 
 Borton, born 7, 25, 1800. They sold the homestead sev- 
 eral years ago and removed to West Chester, where they 
 now reside. Their children were Mary B. (married Wil- 
 liam L. Bailey), Jacob Borton (married Hannah Thomp- 
 son), Isaac Israel (unmarried), Edward (married Mary I. 
 Ellis), Benjamin (died in infancy), and Anne J. Hayes. 
 
 The following sketch of Isaac I. Hayes is taken from 
 " Biographical Sketches of Members of Assembly of New 
 York," 1880 : 
 
 " Mr. Hayes was born in Chester Co., Pa., March 6, 1832 ; is of Eng- 
 lish and Irish extraction ; was educated in public and private schools, 
 and in the academy at Westtown, Chester Co., Pa.; graduated in 
 medicine from the University of Pennsylvania in 1853 ; has been a 
 farmer, teacher, physician, and Arctic explorer, and is at present an 
 author and lecturer on literary and scientific subjects and travels. 
 
 "Soon after graduating he accompanied Dr. E. K. Eane on his 
 Arctic expedition as surgeon, and was absent two years and a half. 
 In 1860 he commanded an expedition to the same region, and was 
 absent about a year and a half. This was entirely a private and purely 
 scientific enterprise, and the expedition was fitted out after three 
 years' efiFort, partly at Dr. Hayes' expense and partly at the expense 
 of individuals and scientific societies. He also explored Greenland 
 in 1869, and visited Iceland in 18H to take part in the millennial 
 celebration of the colonization of that country. In 1872 he published 
 a paper, which attracted some attention, in relation to the injury be- 
 ing done to the harbor of New York by encroachments along the 
 water-front. Other papers on bydrographic subjects, in connection 
 with commerce, occasionally appeared from his pen. Besides numer- 
 ous pamphlets and papers on various scientific subjects, especially 
 in relation to exploration and travel, he has written the following 
 works: 'The Open Polar Sea,' 'An Arctic Boat Journey,' 'Cast 
 Away in the Cold,' and 'The Land of Desolation.' In the Arctic 
 regions he reached a point within 480 miles of the North Pole, nearer 
 than any other explorer had ever approached. For his discovery 
 of the most northerly known land he received gold medals from the 
 leading societies of the world, and numerous decorations. Early in 
 the war of the Rebellion he entered the army as brigade surgeon. He 
 afterwards became a surgeon of the United States Volunteers, with 
 rank of major and brevet rank of colonel. He built and commanded 
 until the close of the war the army hospital at West Philadelphia, 
 Pa., capable of accommodating 4000 patients. It was the largest 
 hospital ever built, and was famous for its good discipline and hy- 
 gienic regulations. Since 1865 he has resided in New York City. 
 
 " Dr. Hayes was formerly a Whig, but since 1856 he has been a 
 Republican. He took part in the convention which nominated Fre- 
 mont, and subsequently rendered efBcient service to that candidate 
 on the stump. He also stumped this and other States in the last 
 Presidential canvass. He was a member of Assembly in 1876, '77, 
 '78, '79, serving the first year on Ways and Means, and Insurance, 
 the second on Commerce and Navigation, Ways and Means, and In- 
 surance, the third as chairman of Canals, and member of Ways and 
 Means, Cities and Insurance, and the fourth as chairman of Cities, 
 and member of Canals and Rules. He was elected in the fall of 1876 
 by a majority of 725, his plurality in 1876 being 1375, and a ma- 
 jority over two candidates of 1060, the largest ever given in the dis- 
 trict, except under the Tweed rtyime, when fraudulent voting was 
 charged. His majority in 1877 over John Carey (Tarn. Dem.) was 
 716, which was 300 ahead of the State ticket. 
 
 "In 1878 his plurality was 1277, and last fall his majority was 
 1602 over Hollis L. Powers (Dem.). In the House he has been identi- 
 
.^^ 
 
 Jjiil'liij nil Hall ,•': 3,11.1 l:'. n.-, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 595 
 
 fied with important New York City measures, the State Survey Bill 
 reform in pilotage laws, free canal advocacy, speedy completion 
 of unfinished insane asylums, etc., and was the author of the 'free 
 canal resolutions,' the 'Hayes' Finance Bill,' and other notable 
 measures." 
 
 John Hayes, of Oxford, died in August, 176fi, per- 
 haps a son of Henry, of Marlborough. His widow,' Mar- 
 garet, died about 1783. Their children were David,'john, 
 Mary (m. James Dickey), Elizabeth (m. Walter Hood),' 
 Hannah, (m. William Bailey), Ann (m. William Starrett)] 
 Margaret (m. Eobert Buntin). Hayesville takes its name 
 from this family. 
 
 Dr. Nathan Hayes, son of Job and Sarah Hayes, was 
 born in the township of West Marlborough, Chester Co., 
 Feb. 5, 1787. He received a good common education in 
 the vicinity of his birthplace, and at a later period acquired 
 some knowledge of the Latin language. He commenced 
 the study of medicine with Dr. T. GrifiBth, a practitioner 
 in the village of Unionville ; but Dr. Griffith removing from 
 the county before the preliminary studies of his pupil were 
 completed, those studies were subsequently prosecuted under 
 the direction of Wm. Baldwin, M.D., then of Wilmington, 
 Del., and since known as the sagacious and indefatigable 
 explorer of the botanical treasures of the Southern States. 
 In the spring of 1808, Mr. Hayes received the degree of 
 Doctor of Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania. 
 The subject of his inaugural thesis was the " Modus Oper- 
 andi of Medicines," and at the public examination on its 
 merits the professor who had charge of it undertook to be 
 severely critical : he made an abrupt and rather harsh at- 
 tack upon some of the views advanced by the young candi- 
 date, and as Mr; Hayes was remarkably quiet, unpretend- 
 ing, and withal somewhat rustic in his manner, the pro- 
 fessor evidently expected to abash and utterly disconcert the 
 awkward-looking country student, who had thus ventured 
 to entertain ideas not sanctioned by the school. But young 
 Hayes was not the person to quail before mere human au- 
 thority, nor to accept the dogmas of any school unques- 
 tioned. Much to the surprise of the professor, as well as 
 to the amusement of the numerous audience, he calmly un- 
 dertook to " argufy the topic" with his critical teacher ; and . 
 he maintained his positions with so much tact and resolution 
 that it was deemed expedient, after an edifying trial of skill, 
 to let the discussion drop, and permit the intractable candi- 
 date to carry his opinions, as well as his diploma, with him 
 to Chester County. The fact was, Dr. Hayes, with a sin- 
 gularly cool, deliberate, unsophisticated, and rather unpol- 
 ished manner, possessed an intellect of rare strength and 
 shrewdness, with a fearless independence of character. He 
 was always ready to discuss any topic, whether of profes- 
 sional or general interest, and never hesitated to make 
 known and vindicate his own views, either in public or in 
 private. 
 
 On receiving the honors of the university. Dr. Hayes 
 commenced the practice of medicine in the township of 
 Edgmont, Delaware Co. At the end of about a year, how- 
 ever, he removed to the neighborhood of Unionville, where 
 he settled, built himself a handsome residence, and continued 
 the practice of his profession during the remainder of his 
 life. In the year 1812 he married Sarah, daughter of John 
 ■ Lungren, of Chester Creek, Delaware Co., by whom he had 
 
 four children, among them Ferdinand E. Hayes, Esq., now 
 deceased. 
 
 Dr. Hayes was constitutionally somewhat predisposed to 
 pulmonary consumption, to which formidable disease he 
 fell a victim in the month of July, 1819. Thus was cut 
 off, in the flower of his age, one of the most sagacious and 
 promising members of the medical profession which the 
 county of Chester has produced. One who knew him well 
 closed an obituary notice of him with these appropriate 
 words : " Men of genius, tread lightly on his ashes, for he 
 was your kinsman." 
 
 HEMPHILL, Joseph, son of Joseph and Ann (Wills) 
 Hemphill, was born in the township of Thornbury, Chester 
 Co., Pa., Jan. 7, 1770. The county was subsequently di- 
 vided, by which event the larger portion of the township, 
 including the birthplace of Mr. Hemphill, was taken into 
 what is now the county of Delaware. 
 
 Alexander Hemphill, the grandfather of our subject, 
 came from the county Derry, Ireland,- when his son Joseph 
 was about eight years of age, and settled in Chester County, 
 aforesaid, where that son became the industrious proprietor 
 of a valuable farm and the father of eight children. 
 
 Our Joseph (the grandson of Alexander), in 1788, was 
 placed in a grammar-school then recently established at 
 West Chester (the new seat of justice in the county), to be 
 prepared to enter the University of Pennsylvania. He 
 graduated in the university in 1791, and the theme of his 
 speech at commencement, indicative of his humane disposi- 
 tion, was the impolicy and unnatural severity of imprison- 
 ment for debt. Soon after graduating he began the study 
 of law under the direction of the late Thomas Ross, Esq., 
 one of the fathers of the West Chester bar. In August, 
 1793, he was admitted to practice in the courts of Chester 
 County. His obliging disposition and remarkably bland 
 manners speedily secured to him many friends, and he suc- 
 ceeded, in the commencement of his practice, far beyond 
 his own expectations. 
 
 About this period his father died intestate. Joseph had 
 then accumulated little or nothing in the way of fortune, 
 but, believing he could gain a respectable living by his pro- 
 fession, he declined the acceptance of any part of the estate, 
 and gave releases to his brothers and sisters. 
 
 Early in his career he became a zealous advocate of in- 
 ternal improvements, and at a public meeting made a 
 speech, in which he took an enlarged view of the subject, 
 anticipating the rise of a great country in the West, and 
 the appearance of populous cities on the borders of the 
 lakes. Many who were then incredulous listeners to his 
 glowing descriptions lived to see them extensively realized. 
 In 1797, Mr. Hemphill was elected a member of Assembly, 
 and was continued for three years. In his first session he 
 succeeded in obtaining the passage of a law for the erection 
 of a poor-house in Chester County, which was the first one 
 authorized by law in any of the counties. He was an 
 active member, and aided in promoting the final compromise 
 of the Wyoming controversy. In 1800 he was elected to 
 the Seventh Congress of the United States, from the dis- 
 trict composed of the counties of Chester and Delaware. 
 His appearance in the councils of the nation was in the 
 first session of Jefferson's administration. Mr. Hemphill 
 
596 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTEE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 was opposed to the repeal of the judiciary law which had 
 been passed near the close of Adams' administration ; and 
 he made a speech against the measure, which was much 
 admired for its argumentative power and persuasive elo- 
 quence. It was considered as highly promising for the 
 first essay of a young member. It was, however, his only 
 effort of the kind during that Congress ; and as he was 
 not returned to that body until some years afterwards, his 
 intimate friends, in allusion to a well-known instance of a 
 member of the British Parliament, used jocularly to call 
 him " Single-Speech Hemphill." At a subsequent period, 
 and while a representative from Philadelphia, he made a 
 number of able and instructive speeches. Before the ex- 
 piration of the term of the Seventh Congress Mr. Hemp- 
 hill removed to Philadelphia, where he continued to reside 
 during the remainder of his life. In 1S05 he was elected 
 to the State Legislature, where he was instrumental in ef- 
 fecting several important and valuable modifications of our 
 judicial system. In - September, 1806, he married Mar- 
 garet, daughter of the Hon. Eobert Coleman, of Lancaster, 
 Pa. In those days, and until 1811, when his other en- 
 gagements permitted, Mr. Hemphill practiced law in the 
 counties of Chester and Delaware. He was engaged in 
 nearly all the important cases, and was remarkably success- 
 ful. He had the art, in an eminent degree, of making his 
 cause plain and simple, reducing complicated questions to 
 the level of a common understanding. He was particularly 
 distinguished for a bland, persuasive style and candid, win- 
 ning manner, by which an advocate most surely reaches the 
 hearts and gains the confidence of a jury. Those were 
 times of high party excitement, but Mr. Hemphill never 
 experienced any cessation of private esteem from political 
 opponents. Though a decided Federalist, many of his best 
 personal friends belonged to the Democratic party, and in 
 business^ applications were as frequently made to him from 
 one side as the other. By an act of March 30, 1811, a 
 new court, styled the District Court for the City and County 
 of Philadelphia, was established for six years, to be com- 
 posed of a president and two assistant judges. Simon 
 Snyder, as decided a Democratic Governor as was ever 
 elected in the State, commissioned Mr. Hemphill president 
 of the court. At the expiration of the six years (a most 
 laborious term) the court was continued, and Judge Hemp- 
 hill was recommissioned as president. He served in that 
 station nearly eight years, and soon after his resignation 
 (induced by delicate health and weak eyes) he was elected 
 a representative in the Sixteenth Congress. During the 
 first session of this, his second term in Congress, he was 
 appointed chairman of the Committee on the Slave-Trade. 
 At this session, also, the exciting discussion on the attempt 
 to restrict slavery in Missouri took place, in which Judge 
 Hemphill took a distinguished part. The advocates of re- 
 striction were much gratified with it, and the suavity of his 
 manner was such that the opponents of the measure could 
 take no offense at his course. 
 
 While in Congress Judge Hemphill, in conjunction with 
 the Hon. Charles Penton Mercer, of Virginia, labored zeal- 
 ously for the suppression of the African slave-trade ; and 
 they united in a report on the enormities of the traflSc, 
 which was eulogized in the Edinburgh Review and the 
 
 British House of Commons ; also, and more especially, in a 
 letter from Mr. Wilberforce, a member of Parliament, ad- 
 dressed to William Lowndes, an amiable and patriotic states- 
 man of South Carolina. In February, 1823, Gen. Mercer 
 introduced a resolution denouncing the slave-trade as piracy, 
 which passed the House by a vote of 131 to 9. 
 
 The labors of Judge Hemphill in behalf of every meas- 
 ure calculated to promote the prosperity and exalt the char- 
 acter of the republic were as gratifying to his constituents 
 as they were honorable to himself. He was ever ready to 
 aid in the good work of improving the condition of our 
 country, whether by fostering human freedom, encouraging 
 the national industry, making roads and canals, improving 
 our rivers, or protecting our harbors by the construction of 
 breakwaters. Every enterprise calculated to enhance our 
 welfare found in him a ready advocate and a steadfast 
 friend. He also cordially favored the enactments for re- 
 lieving the wants of the war-worn veterans of the Eevolu- 
 tion. 
 
 In politics Joseph Hemphill was mild, but without dis- 
 guise or concealment. Elected mainly by the old Federal 
 party, he nevertheless voted during his second period in 
 Congress, with but few exceptions, with the majority of the 
 representatives from Pennsylvania. In a speech in his 
 place in 1825 he remarked, "During the six years I have 
 been here I have never given a vote to embarrass the 
 administration." In 1827 he made a voyage to the Old 
 World, visiting, in his tour, the most interesting countries 
 of Europe. After his return, the interest felt in the 
 national industry induced him to engage in the manufac- 
 ture of porcelain, but the enterprise was unsuccessful. In 
 the latter years of his life Mr. Hemphill's health became 
 very infirm, and he died May 29, 1842, in the seventy- 
 third year of his age. His remains repose in the cemetery 
 at Laurel Hill, Philadelphia. 
 
 William Hemphill, born Dec. 6, 1776, son of Joseph 
 and Ann, married Ann, daughter of Col. Joseph McClel- 
 lan, born Aug. 15, 1787, by whom he had four children, — 
 James A., Joseph, Elizabeth (b. Jan. 26, 1810, m. to Dr. 
 Wilmer Worthington), and Keziah (m. to Judge Bell). 
 
 Joseph Hemphill, second son of William and Ann 
 (MoClellan) Hemphill, was born in West Chester, Dec. 7, 
 1807. He was of Scotch-Irish descent, the Hemphills 
 having come to this country from the town of Newtown 
 Limavady, county Londonderry, Ireland. 
 
 Among his teachers in his youth were Jonathan Gause 
 and Joshua Hoopes, of West Chester, and James W. Rob- 
 bins, of Lenox, Mass. He read law with his brother-in- 
 law, Hon. Thomas S. Bell, and was admitted to the bar 
 Aug. 3, 1829. He held the office of deputy attorney-gen- 
 eral for Chester County during the entire administration of 
 Governor David R. Porter, from January, 1839, to Jan- 
 uary, 1845, when he declined a reappointment. He was 
 married Nov. 22, 1841, to Catharine Elizabeth Dallett 
 daughter of Elijah and Judith Dallett, of Philadelphia. 
 
 From the time of his admission to the bar to his death 
 Feb. 11, 1870, he was engaged in the practice of the law! 
 Belonging to a family that was attached to the legal pro- 
 fession, Mr. Hemphill worthily maintained the forensic 
 distinction they had acquired. His career as a lawyer • 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 597 
 
 wbich extended through a period of forty years, was charac- 
 terized by a remarkable degree of fairness towards an op- 
 ponent in the trial of a cause, a quiet yet resolute bearing, 
 close attention to the details of the case in hand, and the 
 most watchful care over the interests of his clients. His 
 interrogation of witnesses was wholly free from a hectoring 
 and overbearing manner, while he was adroit and perse- 
 vering in his efforts to elicit the truth and to expose pre- 
 varicating hesitancy. In addressing a jury his manner was 
 at once subdued and forcible, and the precision with which 
 his statement of facts was made, and the logical mode in 
 which his arguments to the court were presented, excited 
 the admiration of his fellow-members of the bar. It was 
 said of him that he never entered upon the trial of a cause 
 without the most careful preparation, and when the cases 
 
 and to Congress, and once for president judge of the judi- 
 cial district composed of Chester and Delaware Counties. 
 At diiferent times he was a director in the banks of West 
 Chester, where his duties were discharged with ability. 
 
 After the cares of business he delighted in conversa- 
 tion with his family and friends, and his house was the 
 home of a generous hospitality. Few men in the com- 
 munity in which he lived had more attached friends, and 
 none were more worthy of them. 
 
 His life was one of unsullied honor, of incorruptible 
 integrity, of unselfishness, and of perseverance in what he 
 deemed to be right, and he had a freedom from arrogance 
 of bearing, a uniform gentleness of manner and equality of 
 temper in all the varied scenes of life, which endeared him 
 to all who knew him. 
 
 DE. FKEDERICK WILLIAM HECKEL, SR. 
 
 in which he was concerned were called for trial, he was 
 never found to be a laggard from want of previous atten- 
 tion, but was ever ready to proceed with becoming prompti- 
 tude. Wholly free from rant or vociferation, when deeply 
 interested in an important case his manner of delivery was 
 forcible, and his language was marked by purity and gram- 
 matical accuracy. 
 
 He was not only a sound and well-read lawyer, but an 
 excellent belles-lettres scholar. He took a deep interest in 
 public events, and his mind was stored with contemporaneous 
 history, both local and general. In politics he acted with 
 the Democratic party, and for forty years had taken a lead- 
 ing part in its counsels, speaking at public meetings and 
 supporting its nominations. But his patriotism rose above 
 party, and he hesitated not to rebuke it when it was in con- 
 flict with his sense of duty. He enjoyed every mark of 
 confidence from his party friends, having been nominated 
 on several occasions for representative to the Legislature 
 
 He left six children to survive him, — 1. Joseph ; 2. Ella, 
 married John Dallett ; 3. Elijah Dallett ; 4. Ann, married 
 Albin Garrett; 5. Catharine Dallett, married John S. 
 Wilson; and 6. William. His son, Joseph Hemphill, is 
 a member of the bar of Chester County, and was a mem- 
 ber of the Constitutional Convention of Pennsylvania of 
 1872-73. 
 
 HECKEL, Sr., Dr. Frederick William, was born 
 at Saarbruck, on a branch of the Rhine, in Germany, and 
 on the line between Bavaria and Lothringia, in January, 
 1800. He left his native land contrary to the wishes of 
 friends, and, being a liberalist in opinion, came to America, 
 in 1823, to seek a new home under a free and better gov- 
 ernment. After traveling extensively over this country he 
 finally settled, in 1825, in East Vincent township, in this 
 county, where he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of 
 land, comprising the present homestead farm of his son. 
 Dr. F. W. Heckel. He had studied medicine in the best 
 
598 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHBSTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 schools of Germany, and immediately began the practice of 
 his profession in his new home. He married, May 17, 
 1825, Margaret, daughter of John Barnard Bowers, of 
 Fort Washington, N. Y. Her father was an educated 
 German, who left his Fatherland on account of political pro- 
 scription, settled in New York, and was a friend of John 
 Jacob Aster, then rising into wealth and prominence. 
 Their children were Louisa Kosanna, m. Dr. Charles Zeller ; 
 Dr. Frederick William ; Mary Matilda, deceased ; Chas. 
 Augustus, who became a noted physician, and died in 1877 ; 
 Dr. Edward Bowers ; and Emma Augusta, deceased. Dr. 
 Heokel practiced medicine from 1825 to his death, June 
 30, 1861, with the exception of a few years, when ill health 
 prevented. He was one of the most active practitioners 
 and prominent men in northern Chester County. He was 
 
 whose genial nature not only aided and cheered his life, but 
 gained her troops of warm friends. 
 
 Dr. Frederick William Heokel, Jr. (one of the 
 most successful practitioners of medicine in Chester "County), 
 of East Vincent township, was born Feb. 24, 1829, on the 
 Heckel homestead, part of which is now owned by him. 
 He received a thorough academic education, in which he 
 was greatly assisted at home by his father, Dr. F. W. 
 Heckel, Sr. He began studying medicine in his seven- 
 teenth year, reading with his father and Dr. Charles 
 Fronefield, late of Philadelphia ; attended lectures at the 
 University of Pennsylvania, in which he was graduated 
 April 7, 1849, the youngest of his class; and received his 
 diploma from the fathers of medicine in America. He 
 spent one year in partnership with his father, and then, in 
 
 ^:^^^^!j^^i^:^=£ 
 
 identified with the Democratic party, which often honored 
 him with nominations, but which the large majority of the 
 opposite party rendered futile. A finished German and 
 French scholar, he was also erudite in varied learning and the 
 classics, — in short, one of the best-read men in the county. 
 In all branches of medicine and surgery he was proficient. 
 He came to the county a stranger, but his ability, suavity 
 of manner, and learning soon brought him a large and lu- 
 crative practice. A Lutheran in religious conviction, he 
 was a Christian in the broadest sense, and free from secta- 
 rian bias. For many years an invalid, he was prevented 
 from taking the lead in public afiairs in this part of the 
 State, for which his executive ability and learning so nota- 
 bly fitted him. His wife, Margaret (Bowers), survived 
 him eight years, and died in 1869. She was a lady of re- 
 markable and varied accomplishments, a loving helpmate, 
 
 his native township, began practice by himself. There he 
 remained, in a constantly increasing practice, until 1858, 
 when he removed to his farm near Phoenixville, which he 
 had shortly before purchased. After the death of his 
 father, in 1861, he removed to his present residence, where 
 he has since resided, engaged in the practice of a profes- 
 sion he adorns by his learning and skill. In September, 
 1862, he was commissioned as assistant surgeon in the 5th 
 Pennsylvania Cavalry, and in December following was pro- 
 moted to be surgeon, and ordered to take charge of the 
 medical department of the 165th Pennsylvania Infantry, 
 with which he served until it was mustered out, acting 
 part of the time as brigade surgeon. He was married July 
 4, 1852, to Henrietta H., daughter of Isaac and Mary 
 (Hoffman) Chrisman, of Schuylkill township. She died 
 Nov. 26, 1876, and he was the second time married, Feb. 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 599 
 
 13, 1878, to Emmeline, daughter of Michael and Rebecca 
 (Brooke) Towers, by whom he has one son, Frederick T. 
 He has taken an active part in politics, and was the Demo- 
 cratic candidate for State senator in 1880, and received the 
 largest vote of any one upon his State or county ticket. 
 His voice was frequently heard upon the stump in the Presi- 
 dential canvass of 1880, and his speeches added largely to 
 his reputation as a man of ability. As a member of Spring 
 City Lodge, No. 553, took the symbolical degrees of Ma- 
 sonry in 1874, and is also a member of the Lutheran Church. 
 The doctor is a gentleman of broad and liberal views, and 
 is highly esteemed in the community. He has an elegant 
 home, with pleasant surroundings, where he and his accom- 
 plished wife are noted for their hospitality. 
 
 HENDERSON, John, of New London, married Mar- 
 garet, daughter of Susanna McKean and aunt of Governor 
 McKean. He was from the north of Ireland, as were the 
 most of the settlers in that township. Edward Henderson, 
 of New London, who died in 1732, mentions in his will 
 his brothers John and David. John and Margaret Hen- 
 derson had children, — Andrew, the eldest son ; Edward, 
 John, Elizabeth, married a Hall ; and Margaret, married to 
 a Crawford. John removed to Kentucky, where a town- 
 ship was named for him. 
 
 Andrew married Elizabeth Finney, daughter of William, 
 and sister of Judge Walter Finney, and died in New Lon- 
 don in 1762. Their children were John, William, Thomas, 
 Andrew, and Elizabeth, who married William Carlisle. 
 William and Andrew were oflScers in the Revolution, and 
 the first a member of Assembly. They settled in Hunting- 
 don County, where Andrew was for a long time prothono- 
 tary. Thomas was drafted and served in the Revolution. 
 His mother during the Valley Forge encampment took her 
 stock of blankets and stockings there and gave them to 
 the soldiers. She died in 1816, aged eighty-eight years. 
 Thomas married Jane Evans, daughter of Col. Evan Evans, 
 of London Britain. - He was for a long time a magistrate 
 and a highly-est«emed citizen ; died Feb. 8, 1823, aged 
 about sixty-six years. He left six daughters, — Margaret 
 E. and others, — who sold the farm about twenty years ago, 
 which had been in the family since the first settlement, and 
 removed to Wilmington, Del. 
 
 HIBBERD, JosiAH, resided in Darby, and Nov. 9, 
 1698, married Ann Bonsall. Thjs marriage was not ac- 
 complished according to Friends' rules, because the bride's 
 father would not give his consent, and at that time it was 
 thought that the meeting could not in any case allow a 
 marriage without parents were consenting. 
 
 The children of Josiah and Ann, with the years of their 
 births, were as follows: John, 1699; Joseph, 1700; Jo- 
 siah, 1701; Abraham, 1703; Mary, 1705; Benjamin, 
 1707 ; Elizabeth, 1708; Sarah, 1710; Isaac, 1712 or 1713 ; 
 Ann, 1715 ; Jacob, 1718. 
 
 John settled in Willistown, having a certificate of mem- 
 bership from Darby to Goshen Meeting, dated 9th mo. 6, 
 1728, and the following year was married, at Newtown 
 Meeting, to Deborah, daughter of Lewis and Mary Lewis, 
 of Newtown. She died in 1744, and on the 30th of 11th 
 mo., 1745 or '46, he was married to a second wife, Mary, 
 daughter of Benjamin Mendenhall. She died in 1760, 
 
 and he in 1766. By his first wife his children were 
 Abraham, Ann, Phineas, John, and Samuel ; by the second, 
 Deborah, Lydia, Mary, Jacob, Martha, Amos, and Abra- 
 ham. The first Abraham " passed meeting" with Mary 
 Hoopes, but the marriage was prevented by his death in 
 the 11th month, 1758, and his name was given to a son 
 born a few weeks after. 
 
 Benjamin Hibberd obtained a certificate from Darby to 
 Goshen in 1732, and settled in Willistown (where his 
 brother John had preceded him four or five years), and in 
 the same year married Phebe Sharpless, by whom he had 
 children, — Josiah, Jane, Hannah, Joseph, Benjamin, Caleb, 
 and Phebe. 
 
 Benjamin Hibberd (son of Benjamin) was the father of 
 Amos, whose son Bnos is the present owner of the home- 
 stead. 
 
 Josiah Hibberd'a son John lived on and owned the land 
 now occupied by William Evans and Franklin Leonard. 
 He left two sons, Samuel (who was a scythe- and. sickle- 
 maker) and Phineas, who owned the farm where Franklin 
 Leonard lives. He had no children, and left his farm to 
 Abner Barrett. Samuel was the father of Nanny Evans 
 (mother of Hibberd Evans). All these farms, and that 
 where Caleb Hibberd lived (grandfather to Walter Hib- 
 bard), were purchased by Josiah Hibberd before he left 
 England. The indenture was made April 5, 1682, which 
 is some months before William Penn landed at Chester. 
 
 Thus it appears that the ownership of the lands of Enos 
 Hibberd has been in that name one hundred and ninety- 
 nine years, and the lands hav.,e been lived- upon by them 
 since the year 1722, making one hundred and fifty-nine 
 years. 
 
 Caleb Hibberd, son of Benjamin (1), was the grand- 
 father of the late Walter Hibbard. He married Phebe 
 Thomas, daughter of Isaac Thomas, the grandfather of the 
 late Dr. Isaac Thomas, of West Chester. 
 
 Daniel Hibberd married Rachel, daughter of Richard 
 and Mary Bonsall, in 1697, and lived in Darby. Their 
 children were Mary, Aaron, Moses, Phebe, Hannah, and 
 perhaps others. It is presumed that Daniel was a brother 
 of Josiah. 
 
 Walter Hibbard, a son of William and Jane (William- 
 son) Hibbard, was born in Willistown township. In early 
 life he followed the profession of school-teacher in his na- 
 tive district, and about the year 1837 became a resident of 
 West Chester, where he resided uninterruptedly up to his 
 death. 
 
 Shortly after taking up his residence in this place he 
 was chosen clerk to the board of county commissioners, in 
 which position he continued for several years. Subse- 
 quently he opened a conveyancing ofiSce, and resided in the 
 building now occupied by Bernard Bowen, on Bast Market 
 Street, and from there removed a few years afterwards to 
 his late residence on South Church Street. 
 
 He first became identified with the National Bank of 
 Chester County in November, 1850, when he was chosen 
 as one of its board of directors. He continued in the 
 board a term of three years, and after the lapse of three 
 more was again elected in 1857. Serving a term of three 
 years, he was again elected in 1864, and on June 27, 1873, 
 
600 
 
 HISTOKY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 he was chosen to the presidency of that well-known institu- 
 tion, a place he filled with credit to himself and to the 
 bank as well. 
 
 During all the years since his clerkship in the county 
 commissioner's ofiBce he has attentively attended to the 
 business of conveyancing, in which, owing to his careful 
 and reliable business accomplishments, patrons were many 
 and of the very best class of our citizens. He was noted 
 for his strict integrity and precise dealings in everything 
 with which he was associated. In every way the attributes 
 which form the true gentleman and Christian were demon- 
 strated in all his walks of life. 
 
 He was born Dec. 30, 1804, and died at Cape May, N. J., 
 July 31, 1879. 
 
 The Hibberds of Whiteland are descended from Josiah, 
 the eldest son of Benjamin and Phebe. In some branches 
 of the family the name is written Hibbard. 
 
 HICKMAN. — Letters written to some of the early 
 settlers from Marlborough, in Wiltshire, England, mention 
 persons of this name, and in one, dated 6, 2, 1684, William 
 Hitchcock informs John Harding, of Chichester, of " a 
 little fardle of things ffrancis Hickman's wife left w* me 
 to send to her daufter, thy servant mayde." 
 
 Francis Hickman and Elizabeth, his wife, had arrived 
 in Pennsylvania and purchased land prior to Nov. 27, 1685, 
 the date of his will. It is uncertain where they were 
 settled, but after his death the family came to Thornbury 
 township, where the widow died in 1698. Her first hus- 
 band was a Chamberlin, by whom she had children, some 
 or all of whom came to America before their mother. The 
 children of Francis and Elizabeth Hickman were Joseph, 
 Benjamin, Mary (married to Joseph Edwards), and Han- 
 nah (married to Robert Way). 
 
 Joseph Hickman was living in Cain in 1709, and after- 
 wards at Pequea, in Lancaster County, beyond which noth- 
 ing is known of him or his family. Benjamin Hickman 
 married, in 1701, Ann, daughter of Richard Buffington,of 
 Bradford, and settled in Westtown on property immediately 
 east of the boarding-school. The site of their first resi- 
 dence, a cave, is marked by an evergreen tree on the farm 
 of the late William C. Hickman. 
 
 Their children were as follows : Mary, b. 3, 9, 1702 ; m. 
 Joseph Hunt. Elizabeth, b. 1, 19, 1704 ; d. 1788 ; m. 
 Thomas Cheyney and Jacob Vernon. John, b. 2, 5, 1706 • 
 d. unmarried at the age of ninety-two. For some reason 
 he was nicknamed " Nunkey," perhaps a corruption of 
 "Uncle." Francis, b. 5, 27, 1708; m. Ann Marshall. 
 Benjamin, b. 9, 18, 1710 ; d. 1760 ; m. Hannah Trego. 
 Ann, b. 12, 14, 1713 ; m. John Cheyney. Hannah, b. 
 3, 21, 1715 ; d. 5, 23, 1806 ; m. Joseph James. Three 
 of these were born in the cave above mentioned. The 
 father died 10, 7, 1742. 
 
 Francis Hickman's wife was the daughter of Thomas 
 and Hannah Marshall, of Concord, b. 9, 18, 1719, to whom 
 he was married, in Philadelphia, about the beginning of 
 1737. In 1745 they were living in West Cain, but re- 
 turned to Westtown five years later. Their children were 
 Hannah, m. to Caleb Strode ; Joseph, d. 8, 5, 1820, un- 
 married. Thomas, d. 12, 17, 1825 ; m. Mary Jeflferis. 
 Sarah, b. 9, 20, 1741 ; d. 4th mo., 1822 ; m. Richard 
 
 Strode. William, m. Hannah Chamberlin. Moses, m. 
 Hannah Jefferis. Benjamin, unmarried. Ann, m. to Ezra 
 Hoopes. Francis, b. 1, 17, 1760 ; d. 12, 28, 1844 ; m. 4, 
 25, 1799, to Alice Cheyney. Mary, d. 2, 21, 1846, aged 
 about eighty ; m. Joseph James. 
 
 Benjamin Hickman, Jr., married Hannah, daughter of 
 William and Margaret Trego. She died Oct. 13, 1756, 
 and he in 1760. Their children were Ann, b. April 1, 
 1745 ; m. Phinehas Lewis. Lucy, b. July 8, 1747 ; d. 
 Oct. 2, 1756. Benjamin, b. Sept. 27, 1749 ; d. March 25, 
 1826 ; m. Lucy Cheyney, March, 1774. Francis, b. May 
 6, 1752 ; d. 1827. He went to Tennessee. Elisha, b. 
 Oct. 1, 1755 ; d. Oct. 27, 1756. 
 
 Thomas Hickman married Mary, daughter of James 
 and Ann (Cheyney) Jefferis, born 9, 9, 1750, died 9, 11, 
 1812. They resided in Thornbury, where Thomas died at 
 the age of eighty-two years. Their children were John, 
 b. 3, 20, 1769 ; died 7, 2, 1846 ; m. Sarah JeflFeris. Ann, 
 b. 7, 13, 1770 ; m. Henry Myers. Thomas, b. 9, 13, 1773 ; 
 d. 10, 29, 1838 ; m. Elizabeth Battin. James, b. 3, 14, 
 1776 ; d. 2, 17, 1855 ; m. Hannah Grubb and Elizabeth 
 Cheyney. Emmor, b. 4, 28, 1778 ; d. 4, 4, 1825 ; m. 
 Susanna Sharpless. Mary, b. 10, 27, 1780 ; d. 1861 ; m. 
 Benjamin Hickman. Francis, b. 11, 6, 1784; d. 9, 1, 
 1834; m. Hannah James. Benjamin, b. 3, 25, 1786 ; m. 
 Susan James. Martha, b. 7, 20, 1789 ; d. 3, 3, 1859 ; m. 
 Gibbons Gray. 
 
 Moses Hickman married, Jan. 4, 1786, Hannah Jef- 
 feris, daughter of' James and Ann, b. 10, 19, 1757, died 
 6, 13, 1815. They lived in East Bradford, on the farm . 
 now of John M. Hildeburn. He died in 1819. Their 
 children were Elizabeth, b. 9, 12, 1786 ; d. 10, 7, 1812 ; 
 m. Emmor Moore. Jacob, b. 8, 8, 1790 ; d. unmarried. 
 Sarah, b. 9, 21, 1792 ; m. Joseph Townsend, of West 
 Chester. Joseph, b. 7, 7, 1795 ; m. Nancy Davis. Moses, 
 b. 3, 5, 1798 ; d. unmarried. 
 
 John Hickman, son of Thomas, married Sarah, daughter 
 of Emmor and Charity Jeffferis, of East Bradford, and had 
 three children, — Benjamin, Hannah (married to Edward 
 Gheen), and John, late member of Congress. 
 
 Thomas Hickman, Jr., married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Marshall and Susannah Battin, born 12, 7, 1782, died 8, 
 8, 1871. They resided in West Bradford, now Pocopson 
 township, and were the parents of Dr. Joseph, Marshall B. 
 Hickman, and others. 
 
 Hon. John Hickman was born in what was then part 
 of West Bradford township, but is now in Pocopson, Ches- 
 ter Co., Pa., on the anniversary of the battle of Brandy- 
 wine, Sept. 11, 1810. His father was a farmer, whose 
 sturdy stories of the doings of his farm won for it the name 
 of " Brag Hill." His parents were well known for their 
 practical common sense, and having observed the evidences 
 of uncommon intellectual ability in their son, they endeav- 
 ored to secure the best education that could be afforded 
 him. His teacher was an inmate of the family,— a gradu- 
 ate of the University of Edinburgh,— and his pupil rapidly 
 acquired considerable familiarity with the classics, and be- 
 came well grounded in mathematical acquirements. 
 
 He first entered on the study of medicine, but ill health, 
 which rendered him unable to attend the dissecting-room, 
 
mvUKAi'tHOAh AINU UJfiJNKALOtUCAL. 
 
 601 
 
 HON. JOHN HICKMAN. 
 
 soon compelled him to abandon that pursuit, and lie then 
 read law in the office of Hon. Townsend Haines, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1832. He became devoted to his 
 profession, and his career as a lawyer was one of eminent 
 success. Naturally a good speaker, he cultivated the art of 
 oratory, until in later years, when he was in his prime, he 
 was a most charming and winning speaker. His powers as 
 a stump-speaker caused him to rise at once to a prominent 
 position in the Democratic party of Chester County, and in 
 1844 he was one of the delegates to the National Conven- 
 tion that nominated James K. Polk for President. Half- 
 way or compromise men or measures were never to his taste, 
 and thus we find the report says " that a young man named 
 Hickman, from Pennsylvania, nominated Andrew Jackson." 
 Believing firmly in the principles of the old Jacksonian 
 Democracy, young Hickman thought the best leader of the 
 party must be Old Hickory himself. In 1844 he received 
 the Democratic nomination for Congress, but was defeated 
 by Hon. Abraham R. Mcllvaine. In 1845 he was appointed 
 district attorney, under Governor Shunk's administration, 
 by Attorney-General Kane. June 23, 1846, Hon. John 
 M. Read was appointed attorney-general, and appointed 
 Hon. Joseph J. Lewis to succeed Mr. Hickman. Judge 
 Read was succeeded, on Dec. 18, 1846, by Hon. Benjamin 
 Champneys, who reappointed Mr. Hickman. After hold- 
 ing the office a term or two Mr. Hickman resigned, and 
 was succeeded by John H. Brinton, Esq. 
 
 In 1854, Mr. Hickman was again nominated for Con- 
 gress by the Democracy. His opponent was Hon. John 
 M. Broomall. Know-Nothingism was at its height at that 
 time, and through some influences which have never been 
 satisfactorily explained, Mr. Hickman secured the vote of the 
 order, and was elected by a majority of 2656 in the district. 
 76 
 
 He took his seat in the Thirty-fourth Congress Deo. 3, 1855, 
 where a long contest for the organization terminated Feb. 
 3, 1856, by the election of Hon. N. P. Banks as Speaker, 
 the first time for many years that this important position 
 was awarded to a man not thoroughly acceptable to the 
 South. Mr. Hickman took sides against the pro-slavery 
 faction. 
 
 His sentiments seem to have undergone considerable 
 change soon after being brought in personal contact with 
 the slave-owners in Congress. The Kansas and Nebraska 
 troubles commenced during his term, and his votes were 
 generally on the side of the Free-State men. He was again 
 renominated by the Democracy in 1856. His opponent 
 was John S. Bowen, of Chester County. Owing to some 
 dissatisfaction a division occurred in the party in Delaware 
 County, which again gave success to Mr. Hickman by a 
 small majority. This was the year in which .the celebrated 
 campaign between James Buchanan and John C. Fremont 
 occurred. Mr. Hickman warmly supported Mr. Buchanan. 
 But the Kansas and Nebraska troubles increased in impor- 
 tance and bitterness, and Mr. Hickman, throwing his old 
 slavery convictions overboard, marshaled squarely under the 
 banners of Free Soil, and at once became a leader of its 
 advocates. 
 
 In a speech delivered in the House Jan. 28, 1858, Mr. 
 Hickman declared that the President had broken faith with 
 the Democratic party in his Kansas policy, and he could 
 not support him. On the vote to admit Kansas as a State 
 under the Lecompton constitution, April 1, 1858, Mr. 
 Hickman voted no. In the fall of 1858 he was re-elected 
 to Congress by a large majority over the regular Republican 
 and Democratic nominees, and took his seat in the 
 XXXVIth Congress, where the long contest for Speaker 
 
602 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 terminated in the election of Pennington, Mr. Hickman 
 voting with the Republicans to break the dead-lock. Dur- 
 ing the stormy two years that followed, Mr. Hickman was 
 at the zenith of his power. Under his scathing taunts the 
 slave-holders grew furious, and his reputation became na- 
 tional. His readiness in debate and his capabilities in the 
 way of biting, withering sarcasm made him both hated and 
 feared by the Southerners. A man of slight physique, he 
 yet never quailed in debate. No man was better qualified 
 by nature to lead the opposition to the pro-slavery men in 
 Congress. His speeches attracted attention throughout the 
 civilized world for their force and keenness of satire. His 
 independence and dash were a match for any of the South- 
 ern fire-eaters, and he at once became a shining mark for 
 their contumely and denunciations. 
 
 In response to a serenade, he spoke of the John Brown 
 raid, and said the whole State of Virginia was frightened 
 by seventeen men and a cow. For this, on Feb. 10, 1860, 
 he was assaulted on the Capitol grounds by Edmundson, of 
 Virginia, but an aflFray was prevented by Vice-President 
 Breckinridge. An encounter seemed also imminent on the 
 floor of the House between Mr. Hickman and Keitt, of 
 South Carolina, for words spoken by Mr. Hickman. On 
 one occasion, during the fierce debates of this session, he 
 said, in reference to the menaces of disunion, that if disso- 
 lution meant a dividing line of sentiment between the 
 North and South, it existed already ; that it was dangerous 
 then for a Northern man to travel in the South ; that any 
 postmaster whose receipts did not amount to five dollars per 
 annum could, if a letter bearing his frank came into his 
 hands, " open it, examine it, and burn it, on the pretext 
 that it is incendiary." "But if dissolution," he added, 
 " means that there is to be a division of territory by Mason 
 and Dixon's line, or any other line, I say no ; the North will 
 never tolerate a division of territory." To an interruption 
 £rom a Georgian, inquiring how the North could prevent it, 
 he replied that there was as much true courage at the North 
 as at the South. " I always believed it," he said, " and 
 therefore I will express it ; and I believe that, with all the 
 appliances of art to assist, eighteen millions reared in in- 
 dustry, with habits of the right kind, will always be able 
 to cope successfully, if need be, with eight millions of men 
 without these appliances." This dignified and well-ex- 
 pressed retort produced a profound impression, and was 
 frequently referred to in the subsequent debates. 
 
 His course in Congress brought him so prominently be- 
 fore the nation that he was a leading candidate for the Vice- 
 Presidency when Mr. Lincoln was nominated for President 
 in 1860, Mr. Hickman himself being confident of the 
 nomination. 
 
 In 1860 he was nominated and re-elected to Congress by 
 the Republicans; after this term he declined re-election. 
 His health had been badly shattered by the excitement he 
 had been through, which was augmented by the " National 
 Hotel poisoning." 
 
 During the civil war Mr. Hickman's views in regard to 
 the measures and policy of the government were greatly in 
 advance of his political contemporaries. He was, perhaps, 
 the first prominent citizen to advocate the confiscation of 
 the property of those in rebellion, " including slaves," and 
 
 to favor the employment of negro soldiers, since on March 
 20, 1862, as chairman of the Judiciary Committee, he in- 
 troduced a "joint resolution in relation to the powers of the 
 President of the United States," which received very little 
 attention at the time, but was eventually received as settled 
 law. It was in substance this : " The President of the 
 United States, as commander-in-chief of the army and 
 navy of the United States, should make use of all means 
 not inconsistent with the laws of war which in his judg- 
 ment may be necessary to crush the Rebellion, including 
 the seizure and final disposition of all the property, real and 
 personal, of those engaged in armed rebellion against the 
 government of the United States, or aiding in such Rebel- 
 lion, including slaves." Dec. 8, 1862, Mr. Hickman, on 
 leave, also introduced a bill, which was referred to the 
 Committee on Military Affairs, and which was never reported 
 back to the House, providing for the provisioning, arming, 
 and equipping of negro regimenls not exceeding one hun- 
 dred. This bill was never acted on. Here was the pio- 
 neer movement. Although in advance of both the Presi- 
 dent and Congress, his views were finally accepted and car- 
 ried into effect. 
 
 In recording the incidents that occurred in our national 
 history during the few years preceding the late Rebellion, 
 the historian will have occasion to refer to the record of few 
 men then in Congress more frequently than to that of Mr. 
 Hickman. He gave this Congressional district a national 
 reputation. But with all his powers as an orator, Mr. 
 Hickman possessed none of those qualities that are essen- 
 tial to successful political leadership. Neither was he a 
 statesman in the full sense of that term. His true position 
 was in the minority, where his combative and aggressive 
 qualities could have free and un trammeled play. In 1867 
 he was induced to allow himself to run for the Legislature, 
 and was elected, taking his seat in January, 1868. He 
 there offered an amendment to the State constitution 
 making suffrage free to all that could read. He made a 
 powerful speech in support of his proposed measure, closing, 
 " Oh, Almighty God, Thou wilt record this great act of my 
 life as a credit to offset my many shortcomings." He re- 
 signed his seat at the end of the term, and refused to run 
 again. 
 
 The remainder of his life he spent at his home in West 
 Chester, where he delighted to receive visits from his friends, 
 who derived wisdom from his philosophical remarks, and en- 
 joyment from his badinage and wit. He was in many re- 
 spects a remarkable as well as a very singular man. Pos- 
 sessed of a strong, and even stubborn will, when he espoused 
 a cause he adhered to it through good and through evil 
 report, and from it no earthly power could divert him. 
 But notwithstanding this marked feature of his character, 
 coupled as it was with an unusually erratic disposition, he 
 at the same time possessed high social qualities, pleasing 
 manners, and attractive conversational powers, which en- 
 deared him to his personal friends. He was also a man of fine 
 literary tastes, with a most retentive memory, and his mind 
 was a perfect store-house of apt quotations, both sacred and 
 profane. He died March 23, 1875, the remarkable mental 
 power and brilliant scintillations of wit for which he was 
 celebrated continuing almost to the close of his life. 
 
■''/Vc^^'^^^C. ^\ 
 
 /'LO 'P^^ 
 
JiiUttKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 603 
 
 His first wife was Eunice Phelps, daughter of Hon. John 
 Phelps, of Guilford, Vt., where she was born Aug. 1, 1815. 
 She died at West Chester, Oct. 12, 1858. His second 
 wife was Mrs. Mary A. Brown, n4e Love. 
 
 itR. Joseph Hickman was born in West Bradford 
 township, Chester Co., April 12, 1804. After completing 
 his preliminary education he engaged for a time in teach- 
 ing school. Having determined to enter the profession of 
 mediciue, he became a pupil of Dr. George McClellan, who 
 at that time occupied the chair of surgery in the Jefferson 
 Medical College, and after attending the requisite course of 
 lectures he graduated at that institution in 1829. He first 
 practiced his profession in Thornbury township, Delaware 
 Co., where he remained about two years, and then removed 
 to Willistown township, Chester Co., where he continued in 
 the performance of his professional duties, mingled with 
 agricultural pursuits, until his death. On March 17, 1831, 
 he married Mary, a daughter of Samuel Grubb, who 
 ranked among the most respectable citizens and farmers of 
 Willistown. In 1852 he represented the county in the 
 State Legislature, where he was considered a diligent and 
 faithful guardian of the interests of his constituents, and 
 entered with zeal into measures of reform calculated to 
 benefit the community, especially that of temperance. He 
 died suddenly, it was supposed of apoplexy, on May 14, 
 1856. He was a kind and worthy citizen, and had many 
 warm and confiding friends. As a physician, he was cau- 
 tious and devoted, laboring earnestly to give relief, comfort, 
 and health to his patients. Two of his sons, Samuel G. 
 and Nathaniel G. Hickman, are engaged in the business of 
 banking in West Chester. 
 
 Marshall B. Hickman was born in West Bradford 
 township, March 22, 1806. He received the usual edu- 
 cation afforded by the common schools, and followed farm- 
 ing until the year 1863. In 1857 he became interested in 
 railroad enterprises, and was chosen president in 1860 of 
 the Philadelphia and West Chester Bailroad, when the 
 shares of its stock sold for an insignificant sum, and he 
 continued in the position until 1870, when the bonds of 
 the company were above par, largely owing to his efficient 
 control and management. He is yet a director in its board. 
 From 1851 to 1857 he served as a director of the poor, and 
 was twelve years treasurer of the school board in East Brad- 
 ford, where he lived thirty-seven years, besides holding many 
 other local offices. He was twelve years one of the man- 
 agers of the County Agricultural Society, sixteen years a 
 director in the Chester County National Bank, eight years 
 a member of the borough council, and is now second bur- 
 gess. He is president of the West Chester Gas Company, 
 which position he has held for seven years ; a director of 
 the West Chester and Wilmington Plank-road Company ; 
 also of the Farmers' Market-House Company, and one of 
 the trustees of the State Normal School. He married, 
 June 11, 1835, Mrs. Sarah Ann Gibbons, daughter of 
 Caleb Brinton, by whom he has three children, — Elizabeth 
 B., married to Eev. Francis B. Arnold, who has charge of 
 the Episcopal churches of St. Mary's, St. Mark's, and St. 
 Andrew's; Catharine A., married to Granville B. Haines, 
 merchant ; and George B., banker in West Chester. His 
 wife died Aug. 18, 1872 ; he was married again, July 17, 
 
 1878, to Mrs. Lydia J. Dunlap, nie Strader, of New Jersey. 
 He began life with no resources save his own will and en- 
 ergy, but by his methodical business habits and good man- 
 agement has been most successful. 
 
 HICKS, Edward, of Goshen, was married Nov. 8, 
 1769, to Hannah, daughter of William and Rebecca Rat- 
 tew, and resided on a farm ' purchased from the Goodwins, 
 and where his grandson, of the same name, now resides. 
 Tradition says that the land was bought by his father, 
 Charles Hicks, but the deed is in the son's name, and the 
 father's residence is uncertain. 
 
 The wife of Charles Hicks was Mary Kimble. The 
 children of Edward and Hannah Hicks were Sarah, Wil- 
 liam, Rebecca, Hannah, Charles, Abigail, and Thomas. 
 Hannah, the mother, died 3d mo. 21, 1835, aged 91 years. 
 
 William Hicks, oldest son of Edward and Hannah, was 
 born 9th mo. 26, 1776, and 6th mo. 11, 1801, married 
 Abigail, daughter of Jesse and Abigail Garrett, of Willis- 
 town. They removed from East Cain to Willistown about 
 1810. Their children were Edward, Jesse G., William, 
 and John G. Thomas Hicks, youngest son of Edward and 
 Hannah, was born 3d mo. 9, 1793, and married, first. Amy 
 Wilkinson, and second, Rachel Hilles. His children by his 
 first wife were Edward W., Hannah, who married Samuel 
 H. Hoopes, Francis, Mary, who married James Barnard, 
 and Elias ; and by his second wife. Amy, who married Da- 
 vid Fell. The first wife of Thomas Hicks was born 2d 
 mo. 5, 1785, and died 4th mo. 2, 1823, and his second 
 wife died 3d mo. 5, 1879, at David Pell's, in New London, 
 in her ninety-first year. 
 
 HODGSON. — Several persons of this name were among 
 the Quakers who suffered persecution in England, one of 
 whom, Robert, going to visit some friends in prison, was 
 not admitted, but for preaching at a meeting in a private 
 house near by was arrested by a justice, who asked him 
 whence he came. He replied, from Reading, and that he 
 came to visit his friends in prison. " The justice replied, 
 you shall go and see them ; and thereupon tendered him 
 the Oath, and sent him instantly to Goal, having first rifled 
 his Pockets, and taken away his Letters. He was detained 
 there sixteen weeks." This was in 1655, and we next find 
 Robert Hodgson landing at New Amsterdam in the sixth 
 month, 1657, in company with nine other Friends, five of 
 whom had been formerly banished from New England. 
 Robert went to Hempstead, L. I., and had a meeting with 
 some Friends who dwelt there, where he met with barbarous 
 usage. Pinioned and tied to a cart's tail, he was taken 
 back to New Amsterdam (now New York), and put into a 
 nasty dungeon, afterwards receiving sentence to work two 
 years with a negro at the wheelbarrow. Not being used to 
 such work he declined, whereupon he was chained to the 
 wheelbarrow and a negro was ordered to beat him with a 
 pitched rope. This was continued for several days, until 
 he was almost dead. At length his sufferings excited com- 
 passion in the sister of Governor Stuyvesant, who prevailed 
 with her brother to set the poor man free. 
 
 The traditions in the Hodgson family of our county 
 leave little room to doubt their descent from this man, but 
 his further history remains in the dark. The name is fre- 
 quently written Hutchinson in the early records ; thus, at 
 
604 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 a court at Upland, March 12, 1677-8, " Robberd Hutch- 
 inson as y° attorney of his Brother Ralph hutchinson, 
 whoe is y° Lawfull attorney & assignee of Daniell Juniper 
 of accomacq, This day apeared in Court" and assigned over 
 a servant-man to Israel Helm. John Moll, Esq., of New 
 Castle, writes, Jan. 20, 1680, to New York, and mentions 
 Ralph " Hudjeson" and his brother " Robbert." Perhaps 
 these were sons of the first-named Robert Hodgson. In 
 1692, Thomas Bright assigns to Robert Hutchinson, now 
 of Concord, fifty acres of land there, which Robert Hutch- 
 inson, of Darby, tailor, sells in 1694 to Thomas King. In 
 1697 he is " late of Philadelphia, taylor,'' and buys fifty 
 acres in Springfield. In 1699 he sells this, and the deed 
 shows he was of Chester. Robert Hodgson and James 
 Hendricks obtained a warrant, 12, 16, 1714-5, to take 
 up 2000 acres on Conestoga Creek. In 1715, Robert 
 Hodgson was a taxable in Chester. Having removed 
 thence, a certificate was granted, 8, 28, 1717, directed to 
 Friends of Newark Monthly Meeting, for him and his fam- 
 ily, including his wife, Sarah. On the Chester records the 
 name is given as both Hutchinson and Hodgson. It does 
 not appear that the family were ever considered members 
 of the Friends' meetings near their final settlement. A 
 patent was granted in 1715 to Robert for 250 acres in East 
 Nottingham, called "Hodgson's Choice," and upon this 
 they probably settled. Another patent was granted by 
 Maryland, May 24, 1728, for 660 acres, called " Pleasant 
 Garden," principally in what is New London township, 
 Chester Co. 
 
 The family tradition is that Robert went first to Cones- 
 toga, but on account of troubles with the Indians left that 
 place and tried Bohemia Manor, in Maryland. This was 
 in turn abandoned, owing to the prevalence of ague, and 
 Pleasant Garden was the final resting-place. The latter 
 being a Maryland patent was, of course, held to be in 
 Cecil County. The will of Robert Hodgson, of Cecil 
 County, " being very sick," is dated Dec. 1, 1732, and 
 proven Nov. 26, 1733. He mentions his wife, Sarah, and 
 children,— Joseph, John, David, Richard, Phineas, Mat- 
 thew, Rachel Scott, Sarah Hodgson, Jonathan, and Robert. 
 To his son Phineas he gave 200 acres of the south side of 
 Pleasant Garden, and the remainder not disposed of to Jo- 
 seph. The latter conveyed his interest therein to Phineas, 
 Dec. 9, 1745. Phineas left three sons, — Abel, John, and 
 Robert, — between whom a division of land was made in 
 1771 . John afterwards went to Virginia, and his share was 
 purchased by Abel, who also bought from his uncle Jonathan, 
 a hatter in Philadelphia, the tract called Hodgson's Choice. 
 Abel Hodgson had two sons, Robert and James. The last 
 was the father of James B. Hodgson, who died in 1833, 
 and of Joseph Hodgson, residing near Elkview Station, 
 sometime associate judge of our county courts. 
 
 Robert Hodgson, son of Abel, married, Jan. 3, 1793, 
 Sarah Alexander, and had the following children : Mark 
 A., b. Oct. 5, 1793 ; Eliza, b. 1795 ; James, b. August, 
 1797 ; Harriet, b. 1799 ; Robert, b. 1803, m. May 17, 
 1836, to Matilda Brown ; Sarah A., b. 1806, m. Feb. 13 
 1834, to Robert N. Brown ; Henry, b. 1810 ; Alexander' 
 b. 1814, m. Jan. 24, 1839, to Mary Ann Irwin. The 
 last is the only survivor, and lives near Cochranville. 
 
 Robert Hodgson, the father, married a second time, March 
 24, 1831, Catharine Evans. He had two sisters, — Han- 
 nah, unmarried, and Betsy, the wife of John Mackey> 
 The residence of Robert was where his grandson, Robert 
 H. Hodgson, now resides, and which the latter calls " Way- 
 side." The house was built in 1792. James Hodgson, 
 the father of Robert H., lived on an adjoining farm, and 
 died Dec. 17, 1880, in his eighty-fourth year. He was 
 married Feb. 8, 1827. 
 
 Mark A. Hodgson was born in New London township, 
 and married Miss Sophia Duffield (her grandfather. Rev. 
 George Duffield, was chaplain of the first Congress in 
 Philadelphia, and the Rev. George Duffield, D.D., of 
 
 MARK A. HODGSON. 
 
 Detroit, Mich., is her brother). Their children were 
 Robert, George D., Henry D., Mark A., Jr., and Mary A. 
 Of these, George D. and Mary A. died in 1865, Mark A., 
 Jr., and Robert in 1866, all of typhoid fever. Henry D., 
 the only surviving child, is a leading business man in Ox- 
 ford. Mark A. Hodgson died July 16, 1868, and his wife, 
 Sophia, three years previous, with the malignant disease 
 that carried to the grave four of her five children. He 
 was engaged in agricultural pursuits in New London town- 
 ship until 1861, when he removed to Oxford. He served 
 as a justice of the peace from 1830 for a period of nearly 
 twenty years, was a member of the New London Presby- 
 terian Church, and a ruling elder therein for at least twenty 
 years before his death. 
 
 He was a trustee of the New London Academy, and 
 built the first public school in his end of Chester County, 
 erected on his own land, and by his private means, before 
 the establishment of the public-school system. 
 
 In 1854 he was a member of the State Legislature from 
 this county. His life of three-fourths of a century was 
 all spent in the county of his birth and whose citizens 
 honored him for his upright character and virtues. His 
 career was a busy one, and when run there was left behind 
 an unsullied name. 
 
JOHN HANNUM. 
 
 John, son of Col. John 
 Hannuni, was born June 8, 
 1768, and married Sarah 
 Jackson, born July 2, 1779, 
 daughter of James and Mary 
 (Cloud) Jackson, of West 
 Marlborough, descended on 
 the paternal side from Isaac 
 Jackson, the immigrant. To 
 John and Sarah (Jackson) 
 H annum were born eight 
 children, viz. : Mary, married 
 to Abiah Cope; John ; James ; 
 Elizabeth ; Sarah, married to 
 Daniel Meredith ; Alice, mar- 
 ried to Joseph Parke ; Martha 
 Ann ; and Jonathan C. ; of 
 whom Sarah and James are 
 the only survivors. Their 
 father, John, died Aug. 21, 
 1822, and their mother, Sarah 
 (Jackson), Feb. 8, 1853. Of 
 these eignt children, John was 
 the second son, born July 
 28, 1802, and was married 
 Jan. 13, 1859, to Ann P., 
 daughter of Abner and Han- 
 nah (Pierce) Hoopes, born 
 May 25, 1818. John died 
 Aug. 12, 1871, and was the 
 first person interred in the 
 Friends' new burial-ground 
 
 JOHN HANNUM. 
 
 south of West Chester. He 
 attended the Friends' Meeting, 
 of which his wife was a mem- 
 ber. He was a Kepublican 
 in politics. Filled the oflSee of 
 county commissioner one term, 
 often served as a school direc- 
 tor, acted many years as a 
 magistrate, and was repeatedly 
 called to other local positions. 
 His wife, with one child, John , 
 survives him, and resides on 
 a beautiful farm of eighty 
 acres situated on the Stras- 
 burg road, one mile from West 
 Chester. Their place is called 
 " Highland Home," and is so 
 named from its high location. 
 John Hannum was a good 
 farmer, and during his life 
 owned several different farms, 
 each of which was much im- 
 proved under his manage- 
 ment. He had resided but 
 about four months upon that 
 whereon he died, which he 
 purchased from the executor 
 of Joseph Cope. Under an 
 assumed abruptness of manner 
 he possessed a kind heart, and 
 was often called upon by his 
 neighbors for advice and as- 
 sistance. 
 
 "HIGHIAND HOME." 
 RESIDENCE OF JOHN HANNTJM, JR., EAST BRADFORD 
 
ReT. George Hunter, of Seotoh- 
 sh descent, and a minister of the 
 ithodist Episcopal Church, mar- 
 d Annie Sigman. Their son, 
 hn T., married Mary Ann, daugh- 
 • of Alexander Laird, of Irish 
 scent. His wife, Sarah A. Ham, 
 kS an emigrant from Baden- 
 iden, Germany. Alexander Laird 
 me from Dublin, Ireland. John 
 had eight children, — seven sons 
 d a daughter, — of whom four 
 rvive. Of these, J. Theodore F., 
 e second son and child, was born 
 arch 16, 1844, in Bast Nantmeal 
 wnship ; his father was born 
 West Nantmeal, and his grand- 
 ther, George, in Berks County, 
 e lived on the farm until his 
 eventh year, and then came to 
 boenixville, and served as second 
 igine boy in Phoenix Iron-Works, 
 liree years later he returned to 
 le country, and there remained, at- 
 nding school in the winters, until 
 Illy 12, 1861, when he enlisted 
 I Company G, First Pennsylvania 
 eserves. He was in active service 
 lurteen months, and received a 
 ivere gunshot wound at the battle 
 r South Mountain, Sept. 14, 1862. 
 [e was in the seven days' fighting 
 efore Richmond, Mechaniosville, 
 aines' Mill, Charles City Cross- 
 ,oads, Malvern Hill, and second 
 ttttle of Bull Run. His wound so 
 isabled him that the government 
 'ould not re-enlist him, and he 
 ■as honorably discharged, Feb. 14, 
 863. His father, John T., en- 
 sted in 1861, in Company G, 
 linth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and 
 ras second lieutenant and later 
 aptain ; and being discharged for 
 isability, married, in 1863, for 
 lis second wife, Mrs. Emma E. 
 ligler, of Bowling Green, Ky. His 
 irother, S. D. Hunter, served in the 
 Irish Brigade, in the One Hundred 
 md Sixteenth Pennsylvania, three 
 rears. 
 The subject of this sketch after 
 
 nis remru m"" — - — ' , 
 nineteen months with John Griffith 
 at cabinet-making. His health fail- 
 ing he went South ; lived in Balti- 
 more, afterwards at Harrisburg, and 
 then returned to Phoenixville, and 
 clerked for Washington Friday, in 
 a store. Subsequently at Poplar 
 Bluff, Mo., then at West Nantmeal, 
 and then he returned to Phoenix- 
 ville, where for nearly four years 
 he was assistant postmaster. He 
 was chosen teller of the Far- 
 mers' and Mechanics' National 
 Bank July 13, 1874, which posi- 
 tion he held until July 1, 1875, 
 when he was promoted to be cash- 
 ier, which responsible place he now 
 so efficiently fills. He was married 
 Dec. 22, 1872, to Mary Esther, 
 daughter of Lewis B. and Mary 
 Filnian, of Warwick township, by 
 whom he has two children, Lewis 
 Pilman and Mary Irene. In 1866 
 he was a register officer, appointed 
 by Gen. Scofield, for Fauquier 
 Co., Va. He has belonged to 
 Phoenixville Lodge, No. 75, F. 
 and A. M., for ten years, to the 
 Independent Order of Odd-Fellows 
 for twelve, and is a member of 
 the Encampment. He also be- 
 longs to the Mystic Chain, to 
 Brotherhood of the Keep, Good 
 Templars, and Grand Army of the 
 Republic, of which he is com- 
 mander of Post No. 45. He is a 
 member of the school board, and 
 two years ago was a candidate foi 
 county treasurer on the Prohibitioc 
 ticket, and led his ticket by several 
 hundred votes. His mother died 
 in 1865. The only sister of his 
 father married Rev. Samuel Kurtz 
 He has arisen by his energy, abil 
 ity, and good character to a mos 
 honorable and lucrative financia 
 position, and stands deservedly 
 high in public estimation ; and ii 
 the cause of temperance and othe 
 reforms he ever has been and ii 
 now especially interested. 
 
JAMES HASLETT. 
 
 iVilliam Haslett, then of West 
 llowfield township, in his will, 
 ;ed Aug. 1, 1791, devised his 
 m of one hundred and thirty- 
 ;ht acres and ten perches (now 
 Highland) to be equally divided 
 tween his children, — Dr. William 
 llson Haslett, of New Castle, 
 il. ; Elizabeth, married to a Mr. 
 imsey ; Judith, married to Sam- 
 1 Glasgow ; Mary, married to 
 lomas Hood; John; David; 
 OSes; Washington; and James. 
 1 Nov. 9, 1812, Jane, widow of 
 id William, with her surviving 
 ildren, conveyed by deed said 
 operty to James Haslett. James' 
 ■andfather, William Haslett, was 
 le of the richest early settlers of 
 hester County, and owned over 
 lirteen hundred acres of land, 
 e built the Fagg's Manor Presby- 
 irian church, and in the Revolu- 
 onary war supplied the patriot 
 rmy with provisions. He was 
 ide-de-oamp to Gen. Washington, 
 od when killed in battle in New 
 ersey, Washington had one hun- 
 red and fifty men raised, who had 
 een buried, to find his remains, 
 ihich were then buried with mili- 
 ary honors. The sister of William, 
 -father of James Haslett— mar- 
 ied Dr. Davidson Smith, a wealthy 
 laveholder, who entered ten thou- 
 and acres of land in Missouri. 
 Tames Haslett was born in 1781, 
 
 and married Olivia, daughter of 
 Stephen Harry. He lived on the 
 old homestead farm, in the resi- 
 dence shown in the engraving, and 
 now the property of William B. 
 Haslett. His children were Wil- 
 liam B. and Samuel G., twins; 
 Stephen Harry, deceased; Dr. 
 John Davidson Smith, killed in 
 Kentucky during the war, in the 
 service of the Union army ; Mary 
 Ann, married to James C. Clark 
 (she is deceased, but left one child, 
 Mrs. Mary A. H. Ross, of Phila- 
 delphia) ; and Lydia Jane, mar- 
 ried to Robert Pairlamb, who is 
 deceased, leaving no issue. Ste- 
 phen Harry died in Missouri in 
 1856, and his father, though an 
 invalid, went to that State and 
 brought his body home, and soon 
 afterwards was taken ill, and died 
 Oct. 5, 1856. 
 
 The two only surviving children 
 are Samuel G., a prosperous farmer 
 in Highland township, and William 
 B., a leading business man of 
 Parkesburg, where he is exten- 
 sively engaged in the lumber, coal, 
 and warehouse trade. 
 
 William Haslett, father of James, 
 was one of the justices of the peace 
 composing the first court held in 
 West Chester as the shire town, on 
 Nov. 28, 1786. The subject of this 
 sketch served in the war of 1812, 
 first as a private, and then as adju- 
 tant. 
 
 JAMES HASLETT. 
 
 "OLD HOME." 
 RESIDENCE OP WILLIAM B. HASLETT, HIGHLAND. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 605 
 
 HOBSON, Francis, produced a certificate to Newark 
 Monthly Meeting, 2, 5, 1712, from Friends at " y" monthly 
 meeting of y° Grange near Charlemount in Ireland, which 
 was read and Excepted of." Elizabeth Hobson, perhaps 
 his mother or sister, at the same time produced a certificate 
 " from friends in ireland. Dated y° 22 day of the 9 mo. 
 
 mo." 
 
 Francis purchased 200 acres of land in New Garden by 
 deed of May 1, 1713, in which he is styled a weaver, for 
 the sum of £40. In the 3d month (May), 1716, he was 
 married to Martha Wainhouse, who, on the 4th of 12th 
 mo., 1715, produced a certificate from a meeting held 1, 17, 
 1712, in Dublin. 
 
 Elizabeth Hobson married John Hope, of Kennet, 9tli 
 mo., 1712. Francis Hobson died 9, 29, 1766, in his 
 eightieth year, and his widow 11, 25, 1775, aged eighty- 
 three. They were the parents of five children, viz. : 
 Francis, b. 9, 12, 1720 ; d. 9, 29, 1792 ; m. 8, 17, 1744, 
 to Martha Shaw. Mary, b. 12, 19, 1724 ; m. 4, 18, 1747, 
 to Robert Boyce, of New Garden. John, b. 7, 7, 1826. 
 Joseph, b. 10, 23, 1731 ; d. 12, 11, 1797 ; m. 4, 15, 1767, 
 at Londongrove Meeting, to Elizabeth Foster. Martha, b. 
 2, 19, 1738 ; d. 6, 30, 1811 ; m. 6, 17, 1759, to Samuel 
 Miller, Jr. 
 
 Francis Hobson, Jr., removed to what is now Montgom- 
 ery County, and died in Limerick township. 
 
 Joseph Hobson inherited the land of his father, and at 
 the time of his death held 239 acres. His children were 
 Francis, b. 2, 14, 1768 ; d. 11, 4, 1835 ; m. 9, 14, 1797, 
 to Ann Johnson. Thomas, b. 7, 6, 1769 ; d. 10, 19, 1853. 
 Hannah, b. 12, 15, 1772 ; d. 7, 23, 1796, unmarried. 
 Joseph, b. 3, 8, 1775 ; d. 1, 6, 1856 ; m. Jane Suplee, of 
 Philadelphia, b. 1, 20, 1781 ; d. 12, 27, 1853. Phebe, b. 
 11, 18, 1777 ; d. 2, 16, 1836 ; m. Thomas Lamborn. 
 
 After the <leath of Joseph Hobson, his land was divided, 
 by order of Orphans' Court in 1799, between his sons, 
 Thomas, 91i acres; Joseph, 84f acres; and the remainder 
 to Francis. 
 
 The children of Joseph and Jane Hobson were Margaret, 
 John S., Hannah, Nathan, and Eliza. Nathan, born 3, 3, 
 1815, died 10, 9, 1867, married, in 1847, Phebe Shortledge, 
 daughter of Joshua and Hannah, of New Garden, and be- 
 came the owner of the homestead by release and purchase 
 from the other heirs. The land which his widow now 
 holds consists substantially of the two farms of Joseph and 
 Thomas as divided in 1799, to which a small addition has 
 been made. The old original log house on this property 
 was torn down in 1849. Of the trees planted around it, — 
 perhaps one hundred and fifty years ago, — a cedar and a 
 buttonwood are still standing. The place is called " Syca- 
 more Grange." Nathan and Phebe S. Hobson had six 
 children,— Bdwar^ S., Amanda J., J. Taylor, Emma W., 
 Chandler S.j aad. Howard H., of whom only Emma and 
 Howard are living. The residence of Phebe Hobson, of 
 which a view is given herein, is the older of the two sets 
 of buildings on the property, and the usual (and improba- 
 ble) tradition which is held of all our old brick houses— 
 that the bricks were brought from England— is also stated 
 in regard to this. 
 
 HOLLAND.— The date of John Holland's first arrival 
 
 is unknown, but he obtained a certificate, 9, 24, 1712, from 
 Chester Monthly Meeting, to return to England, which he 
 presented to Hartshaw Monthly Meeting, in Lancashire, 
 about the middle of the following year. He obtained another 
 from the latter meeting, 12, 16, 1713, to Friends here, which 
 informed that he " formerly having entertained in his mind 
 a Respect to Mary Somerford of our meeting, relating to 
 marriage, and the matter reviving betwixt them since he 
 came, they have made orderly proceedings therein to accom- 
 plishment.'' As to Mary, " being an honest ffriend's 
 daughter and of a good parentage, so she hath had a suit- 
 able education and hath been one whom firiends have es- 
 teemed worthy of their care advice and encouragement to well 
 doing." They had arrived in this country by 8, 25, 1714, 
 and became members of Goshen Meeting. She was rec- 
 ommended as a minister 8, 15, 1733, and her husband 
 ■ was an overseer. He obtained a patent for 498 acres on the 
 borders of Goshen and Whiteland, June 28, 1734. Chil- 
 dren : John, b. 4, 7, 1714; survived bis father. Samuel, 
 b. 6, 15, 1717 ; probably died unmarried. Hannah, b. 4, 
 10, 1721 ; m. John Bowen. 
 
 HOLLINGSWORTH, Valentine, a native of Eng- 
 land, came from Belfast, Ireland, in 1682, and settled in 
 New Castle County, near the Brandywine. His first wife 
 was Catharine Cornish, daughter of Henry Cornish, high 
 sherifi' of London, who was unjustly executed during the 
 reign of James II. His second wife, Ann, was a Calvert, 
 and probably related to the proprietaries of Maryland. The 
 children of the first wife appear to have been Thomas, b. 
 about 1660; Henry, b. about 1662; Catharine, b. about 
 1664, m. George Robinson; Mary, b. about 1666, Tn. 
 Thomas Conway, who died 7, 17, 1689, and in 1693 she 
 married Randal Malin, of Providence. 
 
 The children of the second wife were Samuel, Ann, John, 
 Joseph, Enoch, and perhaps others. The family is princi- 
 pally represented in this county by the descendants of 
 Thomas. 
 
 HOOPES, Joshua, with Isabel, his wife, and children — 
 Daniel, Margaret, and Christian — came from Cleveland, in 
 Yorkshire, 1683, and settled in Bucks County, whence, 
 about 1696, came Daniel, who settled in Westtown town- 
 ship, on property now owned by Elwood Hoopes. He 
 married, Dec. 10, 1696, Jane Worrilow, daughter of Thomas 
 and Jane, of Edgmont, by whom he had the following chil- 
 dren : Grace, b. 7, 17, 1697 ; d. 5, 3, 1721 ; m. William 
 Paschall. Ann, b. 10, 23, 1698 ; d. 3, 13, 1704. Mary, 
 b. 9, 22, 1700 ; d. 1765 ; m. Philip Yarnall. Hannah, b. 
 5, 25, 1702 ; d. 1750, unmarried. Joshua, b. 4, 29, 1704 ; 
 d. 10, 9, 1769; m. Hannah Ashbridge. Jane, b. 5, 14, 
 1706 ; d. 1, 31, 1789 ; m. George Ashbridge. Ann, b. 12, 
 3, 1707 ; d. 7, 14, 1728, unmarried. Daniel, b. 10, 27, 
 1709 ; d. 6, 5, 1790 ; m. Alice Taylor. John, b. 8, 17, 
 1711 ; d. 3, 1, 1795 ; m. Christian Reynolds. Abraham, 
 b. 4, 12, 171i5; d. 9, 5, 1795; m. Mary Williamson. 
 Thomas, b. 10, 22, 1714; d. 5, 21, 1803; m. Susanna 
 Davies. Elizabeth, b. 1, 13, 1716; d. 12, 9, 1803; m. 
 William Webb. Stephen, b. 1, 13, 1716; d. 1767; m. 
 Martha Evans. Nathan, b. 1, 16, 1718 ; d. 2, 19, 1803 ; 
 m. Margaret Williamson. Walter, b. 1, 11, 1719 ; d. 12, 
 9, 1719. Sarah, b. 5, 25, 1720 ; d. 7, 23, 1794 ; m. George 
 
606 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Hall. Christian, b. 8, 30, 1723 ; d. 12, 31, 1815 ; m. Daniel 
 Webb. 
 
 Joshua Hoopes settled in Westtown township near his 
 father. Daniel, John, and Thomas settled on 630 acres in 
 Goshen, including the northwestern quarter of the borough 
 of West Chester. Their father bought the land and di- 
 vided it between them. Daniel's share was entirely within 
 the borough limits, and he built a house thereon in 1736, 
 since torn down, but the date-stone was placed in the wall 
 of a later structure a little southward, now on the Ebbs 
 estate. John Hoopes built the present residence of Jesse 
 J. Taylor about 1732, and his brother Thomas also erected 
 a house on his share of (he land a few years later. 
 
 Abraham Hoopes settled in Edgmont, Stephen in West- 
 town, and Nathan in East Bradford, adjoining his brother 
 Daniel's land in Goshen. 
 
 Joshua Hoopes, born 7, 15, 1736, died, 3, 21, 1825, 
 married, 4, 16, 1761, Mary Garrett, and 4, 14, 1785, Han- 
 nah Martin, and resided in Westtown, where his son Joshua 
 was born, 2, 12, 1788. From an obituary of the latter, 
 published shortly after his death, which occurred in West 
 Chester, 5, 11, 1874, we take the following : 
 
 " Upon arriving at manhood's estate, and after some little time in 
 the tanning business, he chose the profession of school-teaching, at 
 which he continued up to within a few years since, when he was 
 obliged to forego his lifelong pleasures through the force of accumu- 
 lating age. He taught in several district schools in this count}', be- 
 sides at Merion and Darby, and subsequently settled in Downingtown, 
 where he opened a boarding-school for boys, and continued there up 
 to about 1836 or 1837, when he came to West Chester, where he has 
 since resided. 
 
 " His first marriage was to Mary Garrigus, daughter of Edward Gar- 
 rigus, of Kingsessing, and by whom he had six children, all of whom 
 he survived, he leaving no descendants. His second nuptials were to 
 Kachel Eassett, of Wilmington, Del,, a lady of rare botanical tastes, 
 and which probably were in a great measure Instrumental in bringing 
 about their acquaintanceship. 
 
 "Asa school-teacher and scientist, the deceased had no equal in 
 Chester County, he being the boon companion of Dr. Darlington and 
 David Townsend, and their superior in astronomy and mathematics. 
 He was led to take up the study of botany through the desires of Dr. 
 Darlington, and he so prosecuted his researches in this particular branch 
 as to win for himself an enviable reputation. In his early and mid- 
 dle life he frequently lectured on astronomy, and he so possessed the 
 agreeable faculty of imparting his wide and extended linowledge of the 
 planets and their respective spheres of usefulness as to enchain theatten- 
 tion of his hearers with his clear and forcible descriptive accomplish- 
 ments. About the year 1837 or 1838 he was one of several of the promi- 
 nent classical citizens of West Chester who successfully introduced a 
 scientific lecture course, and in which he treated on his favorite subject, 
 that of astronomy. The proceeds of this course were applied to pur- 
 chasing a series of philosophical apparatus, the same which is now in 
 use in our State Normal School. After quitting Downingtown and 
 taking up his residence in West Chester, he taught a boys' school for 
 some time in a private building, and afterwards in the old Odd-Fel- 
 lows' Hall, but a number of his admiring friends, in recognition of his 
 superior scholastic attainments, banded themselves together, and each 
 one furnished him a like sum of money with which to erect a suitable 
 building for the better advancement of education, and the building in 
 which his lifeless form now lies awaiting interment is a monument to 
 this generous and public-spirited circumstance. We here append the 
 names of those who made him this indefinite loan, they leaving it 
 solely with him to refund at his option : 
 
 '' Francis Hickman, Levis James, Jesse R. Burden, George G. 
 Ashbridge, Philip Price, Robert Mercer, Jesse Kerns, Walker Tarnall, 
 David Townsend, Samuel Painter, Uriah Hunt, W. H. Dillingham, 
 Wm. Williamson, Ziba Pyle, Nathan H. Sharpies, Haines & Sharp- 
 ies, Wm. Darlington, M.D., Isaac Thomas, Eli K. Price, Coleman 
 Fisher, Thomas Biddle, Cheney Hickman, Jacob Thomas, John 
 
 Thomas, Townsend Eaohus, John Malin, Jesse Matlaek, Lloyd Jones, 
 Isaac Wayne, Marshall & Worthington, A. S. Roberts, E. Roberts, N. 
 Mendenhall, Samuel Angi, Wm. Jackson, Joseph MoClellan, Francis 
 James, Wm. Whipple, Isaac Downing. 
 
 " Long before his death he succeeded in refunding to his friends 
 each his amount loaned, some of whom had forgotten the transaction. 
 
 "In compliment to his botanical knowledge, a tree of tropical 
 nature now bears his name, that of Hoopeeiaj the same being discov- 
 ered many years ago in Texas, by a gentleman who subsequently 
 called upon Dr. Darlington with a specimen of the newly-found tree, 
 and suggested it should be called Darlingtonia. The doctor's name 
 having been given to many plants, he expressed a wish that it should 
 memorize the name of Joshua Hoopes, and so it was ultimately agreed 
 upon. 
 
 " Before age had bequeathed the usual infirmities, the subject of 
 this brief mention was noted for his pedestrian accomplishments, 
 and it was not an unfrequent occurrence for him to walk to Wilming- 
 ton and back, and do other like feats combining endurance and 
 physical exercise." 
 
 Our enterprising nurserymen, Josiab and Abner Hoopes, 
 are sons of Peirce Hoopes, son of Abner, son of Thomas, 
 son of Nathan and Margaret, of East Bradford. The de- 
 scendants of the original ancestor are innumerable, and 
 among the most respectable in our county. 
 
 HOUSE, John, was a resident in Birmingham in 1715, 
 and by trade a carpenter. He was probably the father of 
 the following : 
 
 James House, born 4, 17, 1717, died 7th mo., 1756, 
 married Mary, widow of Jacob Wright, and daughter of 
 Isaac Richardson, of Whiteland. Their children were 
 Amos, b. 4, 19, 1742, d. 4, 6, 1821 ; Hannah, b. 7, 5, 
 1744 ; Catharine, b. 2, 16, 1747 ; Elizabeth, b. 1, 11, 1749 ; 
 Sophia, b. 7, 13, 1751 ; Martha, b. 4, 14, 1754. 
 
 Amos House was a nephew of Elizabeth Chads, widow 
 of John, and lived with her in Birmingham. He married 
 Sarah, daughter of John and Joanna Townsend, of East 
 Bradford, with whom he made acquaintance when she was 
 learning a trade from home. Going to see her at her 
 parents' house he asked their consent to a marriage, to 
 which her father objected because he was not a member of 
 meeting. The mother said, " if Amos House was a member 
 ever so, he was not her choice," whereupon the young man 
 hoped they would at least allow him to talk to her that 
 evening. This request was ungraciously granted, with a 
 hope expressed that they would make short work of it ; 
 and this they did by planning an elopement at an early day. 
 Sarah lost her life, 1, 13, 1777, from fever contracted by 
 nursing a sick soldier. Amos married a second wife, Martha 
 Edwards, and again, 11, 24, 1790, Mary, daughter of Wil- 
 liam and Ann Swayne. His children by the first wife were 
 Elizabeth, James, Phebe, Susanna (m. Joshua Harvey), and 
 Martha (m. Emanuel Darlington) ; by the second, Mary 
 (m. Mordecai Hayes), Jehu (m. Esther Speakman), Ben- 
 jamin (m. Phebe Trimble) ; and by the last wife, William 
 S. House (m. Phebe Wickersham). 
 
 HUMPHREY, Jacob, born in 1751, was a native, it 
 is believed, of Bucks Co., Pa., but after the establishment 
 of our national independence resided in the township of 
 West Fallowfield, Chester Co. When the Revolutionary 
 contest began, he entered the service of his country as a 
 captain, and throughout the struggle endured the hard- 
 ships, suffered the privations, and encountered the dangers 
 incident to the soldier's life in those " times which tried 
 
iJiUWHArnHJALi AiNL» UJiiN J<i AiiUUiU AJj. 
 
 607 
 
 men's souls." He was none of those who drew back in 
 those trying times, but remained firm and steadfast in the 
 cause until he found, to adopt the language of Scotia's 
 favorite bard, — 
 
 " Wild War's deadly blast was blawn, 
 And gentle Peace returning." 
 
 He was present and fought in the battles of Trenton and 
 Princeton, of Brandywine and Grermantown, of Monmouth 
 and Yorktown, besides several skirmishes or engagements 
 of smaller note. In the battle of Trenton a musket-ball 
 passed across his forehead, directly over his eyes, leaving 
 an indelible scar. At Monmouth a musket-ball entered 
 the side of his right leg, making a wound about three 
 inches in length. The ball was soon after extracted, and no 
 serious inconvenience ensued. In another engagement a 
 musket-ball struck the buckle of his left knee, and carried 
 it away, producing a tumor on the knee, and causing a 
 slight halt in his walk ever after. An incident is related 
 illustrative of Capt. Humphrey's presence of mind at a 
 moment of imminent danger. On a particular occasion he 
 was detached, at the head of forty chosen men, on a scout- 
 ing-party. Having reached the house of Col. S., an inti- 
 mate friend of his, about the dusk of evening, he halted 
 his men in a lot adjoining the lane leading to Col. S.'s 
 house, and placed his own faithful servant as a sentinel 
 to give the alarm in case any of the enemy should ap- 
 proach. Capt. Humphrey then went into the house, and 
 while engaged in friendly chat with the family his servant 
 came running to the back window, and gave the alarm that 
 a troop of horse was rapidly advancing. What could now 
 be done ? The bold and vigorous mind of Humphrey was 
 formed alike for invention and enterprise. Instantly he 
 girded on his armor, sprang through a back door or window,. 
 ran to the fence, and with the voice of a Caesar gave the 
 word of command : " Attention 1 Battalion, to arms ! Cap- 
 tain Smith ! Captain Finney ! Captain Ferguson ! Captain 
 Marshall ! To your posts ! Captain Humphrey's company ! 
 Advance! Firel" Instantly a volley from about forty 
 muskets was discharged at the troop, which was now in the 
 lane. The British, on hearing the names of these intrepid 
 commanders called, with the discharge of the muskets, 
 were panic-stricken ; and believing themselves surrounded 
 by a whole battalion, instead of only forty men, fled with 
 the utmost precipitation ; not, however, until they had dis- 
 charged a few pistol-balls at the place whence the voice of 
 Capt. Humphrey proceeded. But an overruling Providence 
 preserved him for future usefulness, and to die at home, in 
 the bosom of his family, at a good old age. 
 
 Capt. Humphrey was elected to the State Legislature in 
 the years 1814 and 1815. In July, 1825, he was one of 
 the county committee appointed to receive Gen. Lafayette, 
 on his visit to the battle-ground of the Brandywine ; and 
 on the next morning accompanied his old friend and com- 
 mander, then on his way to Lancaster, as far as Filson's 
 inn, in Fallowfield. Here the old military comrades parted 
 for the last time. Capt. Humphrey died at his residence, 
 •Jan. 21, 1826, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. 
 
 HUMPTON, Col. Richard, who is understood to have 
 preferred the charge against Gen. Wayne for his conduct 
 
 at the " affair of the Paoli," was a native of Yorkshire, 
 England, where he was born in 1733. He was for some 
 time a captain in the British army, when he resigned his 
 commission and emigrated to Pennsylvania. When the 
 Revolutionary contest came on a commission in the Conti- 
 nental army was offered to him, which he accepted. He 
 was a brave man and stood high in the esteem of Gen. 
 Washington, by whom he was frequently intrusted with 
 important and responsible duties, and was employed by 
 him confidentially on various occasions. At the battle of 
 Brandywine, where he had a command, his horse was shot 
 under him, when he coolly ungirthed the saddle, slung it 
 over his shoulder, and proceeded to place it on another 
 horse. At the battle of Germantown he had the command 
 of a brigade, which was in action. After the Revolution 
 he settled on a farm in Chester County, where he resided 
 the remainder of his life. He received the appointment of 
 adjutant-general of Pennsylvania from Governor MilBin, 
 with whom and his secretary, Alexander J. Dallas, Di'. 
 Benjamin Rush, and other distinguished worthies of liis 
 day, he was on intimate terms. He was one of the original 
 members of the Society of the Cincinnati, and his name 
 occurs in the list of members befcween those of two gallant 
 Pennsylvanians, Gen. Anthony Wayne and Gen. William 
 Irvine. He died Deo. 21, 1804, leaving no descendants, 
 and was interred in the burying-ground of Friends' Meet- 
 ing at Cain. 
 
 HUNT, Joshua,* a native of the township of East 
 Cain, and in which he spent his days, was in the years 
 1818-20 and 1823-25 elected a member of the House of 
 Representatives of Pennsylvania, and in 1826 a member of 
 the State Senate, in which he served four years. He was 
 the son of Samuel Hunt, who was the son of Roger Hunt, 
 who during the French and Indian war was a commissary 
 in the service of George III., and his accaunt-books of 
 that service are still in the possession of his descendants. 
 It is asserted by the descendants of Roger Hunt that he, 
 in the capacity of surveyor, laid out the plan of the city of 
 Lancaster, and owned a large part of the ground on which 
 the city is built, but the family allowed it to be sold to sat- 
 isfy the claims for taxes. Roger Hunt's wife was an Aston, 
 and from them he came into possession, in the year 1739, 
 of a tract of land on the west side of the Brandywine, now 
 partly within the limits of the borough of Downingtown. 
 This was mostly woodland, and known as " Aston Terrace," 
 embracing an area of 500 acres. The family mansion, built 
 in 1727-28, is still in fine preservation, and known as the 
 " Hunt Mansion," though long since passed from the family 
 name. It was built in the old English style, the various 
 colored brick having been, according to tradition, imported 
 from England ; and its wide hall, sharp gables, and heavy 
 wainscoting show that the owner was a man of no mean 
 pretensions. 
 
 This estate passed to the heirs of Roger ; Samuel, the 
 father of Joshua, inheriting the family mansion and five 
 hundred acres. Here Joshua was born, the third of a fam- 
 ily of five sons and two daughters. One of the latter was 
 the mother of George Fisher, who for many years was in 
 
 « Furnished by Dr. John P. Edge. 
 
608 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 JOSHUA HUNT. 
 
 the newspaper business in Chester County. The other was 
 the mother of Samuel H., Cyrus, Pratt, and William B. 
 Hoopes, of Londongrove. On the death of Samuel, Joseph 
 and Joshua became joint owners, and occupied the family 
 mansion. Both were men of more than usual ability. The 
 former was a merchant for many years, afterwards an exten- 
 sive railroad contractor in this State and Georgia, while 
 Joshua devoted his time to study and statesmanship. He, as 
 were all of the race, was a man of stalwart build, dignified 
 and slow in all his actions, and a close observer, as well as a 
 vigorous thinker ; he acquired a fund of knowledge such as 
 is possessed by few persons. He has often remarked to the 
 writer of this sketch that his memory of what he had seen 
 and studied was a positive burden to him, crowding out 
 original efforts of the mind. He was highly esteemed by 
 his neighbors, was a kind of oracle in the vicinity, and filled 
 all the stations in the township from constable to school 
 director ; was the umpire to whom all resorted for the 
 maintenance of order, and an authority on all questions of 
 science, political economy, or general knowledge. As a 
 member of the General Assembly, contemporary with Thad- 
 deus Stevens, James Buchanan, and other political giants 
 of the period, he was distinguished for the vigor of his 
 judgment on public matters, and secured an honorable 
 standing in those bodies. But for a constitutional love of 
 ease, to which he gave way, it is claimed that he might 
 have gained a high position in the civil service of the State. 
 After retiring from office he, with his brothers, engaged 
 extensively in the growing of improved breeds of sheep, 
 notably the merinos ; and there is evidence extant of their 
 enterprise in this line in the fact that they paid for a sin- 
 gle animal to improve their flock the large sum of $1000. 
 
 Though for many years a popular gallant, he never mar- 
 ried. The only descendants of Roger Hunt living who 
 
 bear the name are Joshua and Joseph Hunt, members of 
 the Crane Iron Company of Catasauqua, and who were sons 
 of Thomas Hunt, Joshua's youngest brother. 
 
 He died at the family mansion on March 3, 1857, aged 
 over seventy-two years, having been born Jan. 17, 1785. 
 
 HURFORD, John, late of Tiverton, in Devonshire, 
 brought a certificate to Philadelphia, from Friends of Cul- 
 lumpton Meeting, dated 2, 29, 1700, for himself and family, 
 including his son John and his wife's daughter, July Ann 
 Holcomb. In 1702 the son came to Chester County, mar- 
 ried Elizabeth Browne early in 1703, and became a shop- 
 keeper in Aston. In 1708 he was a sufferer by fire, 
 " whereby he and his family is in great distress," and col- 
 lections were made for his benefit. His wife became a 
 recommended minister among Friends in 1717. In 1733 
 he married Esther, widow of Peter Hunter, of Middletown. 
 
 John Hurford, son of John and Elizabeth, born in Aston, 
 5, 14, 1712, married, 3, 11, 1732, at Chester Meeting, 
 Hannah Fairlamb, born 9th mo., 1711, daughter of Nicho- 
 las and Katharine. In 1733 they removed to New Garden 
 township and became members of Londongrove Meeting. 
 Their children were Samuel, John, Joseph, Isaac, Elizabeth, 
 Hannah, Caleb, Katharine, Eli, Sarah, and Nicholas. The 
 last was the father of Michael Hurford, of New Garden. 
 
 Caleb, son of John and Hannah Hurford, married Mar- 
 tha, daughter of John Maris. Their children were John, 
 Aaron, Caleb, Lewis, Eli, Maris, and Hannah. 
 
 Makis Hurford, the sixth child and son, was born 
 about the year 1790, in the neighborhood of Londongrove 
 Meeting-house, and moved with his parents in 1816 into 
 West Fallowfield township. Soon after this he started a 
 store near old Sadsbury meeting-house, which he and his 
 brothers kept about one year. He then moved his store to 
 a house on the Gap and Newport turnpike, near to where 
 
■^■J ■ania.sl li^nV-O'i' 
 
 MEA3S.Eg IHIIQr la F ® m ID . 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 609 
 
 bis parents first located, and where he spent the remainder 
 of his life. This store they kept about a year, while a 
 store-house was being built adjoining his father's house, to 
 ■which he removed, and where he and his brother Eli were 
 engaged in the mercantile business about thirty years. He 
 was married Jan. 8, 1868, died July 20, 1873, and was 
 interred in the old Sadsbury burying-grouud. He left one 
 child, Annie Maris, who, with her mother, occupy the old 
 Hurford homestead. His wife, Martha Buffington, the 
 daughter of John and Marie Buffington, was born in 1828. 
 Her grandparents were Thomas and Elizabeth Buffington, 
 who located in Northumberland County, where they owned 
 and operated a paper-mill. On her mother's side her 
 grandparents were Jacob and Marie Keylor, who came from 
 Germany at the breaking out of a war between Germany 
 and other European powers, and purchased land and settled 
 in Chester County. 
 
 Maris Hurford was one of the leading business men in 
 the county, and never held office, though often solicited to 
 do so by his fellow-citizens, but was often selected to per- 
 form services requiring good judgment and a clear mind. 
 He settled many estates, and was frequently appointed 
 guardian by the courts. He possessed rare social qualities, 
 and was most hospitable and kind ; accumulated a com- 
 petency of this world's goods, and his pure character and 
 upright business life gained him the respect and confidence 
 of the community. 
 
 HUTTON, Joseph, son of Thomas Hutton, of Ireland, 
 was a settler in New Garden, where he married, in 1714, 
 Mary, daughter of John and Mary Miller. He died in the 
 fall of 1735, and his widow in the winter following. They 
 had children, — John, Thomas, Joseph, Susanna, Samuel, 
 William, Benjamin, Nehemiah, and Ephraim. 
 
 Nehemiah Button, a brother of Joseph, also came to 
 this country, and in 1723 married Sarah Miller, sister to 
 Joseph's wife. They finally removed to Berks County, 
 where their descendants were numerous. 
 
 John Hctton, brother of Joseph and Nehemiah, mar- 
 ried, in 1724, Sarah, a daughter of Michael Lightfoot, and 
 had a son Thomas and other children. 
 
 INGRAM, John, a blacksmith, residing in Goshen as 
 early as 1717, lefi several children, of whom a son, William, 
 settled in Bethel, Delaware Co., and followed the calling of 
 his father. Other children were Robert, John, and Lea- 
 thum Ingram. 
 
 William Ingram, son of William, was born June 8, 
 1788, in Delaware County, and came with his parents to 
 Chester County about 1800. He married, Jan. 16, 1817, 
 Rebecca, daugl^er of John and Alice (Crossley) Pyle, born 
 March 4, 1795, died Jan. 28, 1869. In 1822 he went to 
 Philadelphia, htit returned in 1836 to his farm, a short dis- 
 tance from West Chester, in East Bradford. The sub- 
 stantial stone house thereon, now occupied by Richard 
 Darlington, Jr.'s, school, was built by him. Being a stone- 
 mason by trade, he did the mason-work of many public 
 buildings of note in connection with Chalkley Jefi'eris. 
 Among others were the court-house and prison of our 
 county, Girard College, House of Refuge, and Cherry Hill 
 Prison, of Philadelphia. He died July 20, 1865, leaving 
 several children. 
 77 
 
 IRWIN, Rev. Nathaniel, was born at Fagg's Manor, 
 Chester Co., Oct. 17, 1756. He graduated at the College 
 of New Jersey in 1770, and was a contemporary there of 
 James Madison, David Rittenhouse, Judge H. H. Brack- 
 enridge, and others who subsequently rose to eminence. 
 He was ordained and installed pastor of the Neshaminy 
 Presbyterian Church, in Bucks County, May 3, 1774, and 
 continued in that relation until his death. He was a man 
 of much shrewdness and of superior business tact, and his 
 advice was much sought. He was popular with his people, 
 and ranked high as a preacher. He possessed much scien- 
 tific knowledge, and made it of practical benefit to the com- 
 munity. He was the first person who encouraged John 
 Fitch, the inventor of the steamboat. Fitch was a Bucks 
 County man, and his autobiography, in the Philadelphia 
 Library, is addressed to Mr. Irwin, in token of his gratitude 
 for the encouragement which he received from him. When 
 the question of the location of the county-seat of Bucks 
 County was being agitated, Mr. Irwin advocated with ardor 
 its location at Doylestown, and his icffluence had much to do 
 with fixing it there. A printed caricature of him was cir- 
 culated at the time, representing him with hat and coat oflF 
 and sleeves rolled up, tugging with all his strength to pull 
 the court-house in the direction of Doylestown. He was 
 moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly in 1801, 
 and died March 3, 1812. 
 
 JACKSON, Job H.— Nicholas Jackson, of Kilbank, 
 in Seathwaite, Lancashire, England, had a son Thomas, 
 born in that place, who removed thence to Ireland, where 
 he married Ann, daughter of Francis and Judith Man, at 
 Mountmellick, Qileens County, and emigrated to this county 
 in 1713. Of their ten children, Jonathan, the ninth, mar- 
 ried Mary, the daughter of Henry Hayes. Of Jonathan's 
 six children, Thomas, the second, married Sarah Taggart, 
 by whom he had no children. He afterwards married 
 Mary, daughter of Samuel, and a granddaughter of the 
 aforementioned Henry Hayes, by whom he had thirteen 
 children, of whom Job H., the youngest, was born 2d 
 month 27, 1810. At the age of seven, his father dying, 
 he was placed with his oldest brother, Obed, to earn his 
 support and schooling, and learn farming. With early- 
 formed habits of industry, he felt the need of a better ed- 
 ucation, and spent seven months in a boarding-school in 
 Wilmington, Del, taught by the worthy John Bullock. 
 Afterwards for several years he spent a few months at dif- 
 ferent institutions, occasionally teaching school in the winter, 
 and working on the farm in summer. He next was em- 
 ployed as clerk and general agent for the firm of Buffing- 
 ton & Jackson, doing all the bridge-work for the Philadel- 
 phia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad in the State of 
 Delaware. After this he was employed over a year by 
 Belts & Stotsenburg, iron-founders, in Wilmington, as 
 book-keeper and cashier. He then engaged in store-keeping 
 from 1840 to 1846, in connection with farming, at the 
 Rising Sun, Md. Shortly after embarking in the store he 
 married, 2d month 15, 1843, Ann, daughter of Jes.se 
 and Ann (Pennington) Conard, of New London township, 
 Chester Co., Pa. She was then principal in the boarding- 
 school of Samuel Martin, of Kennet Square, having filled 
 the station of tepolicf for the space of thirteen years with 
 
610 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 marked success. Their only child, Milton, graduated in 
 1867 at the University of Michigan ; afterwards spent 
 seven years as principal of an academy in Wilmington, 
 Del., and is now settled in a successful manufacturing busi- 
 ness in Philadelphia. Quitting the store, Job H. purchased 
 a farm in Londongrove township in 1849, and by industry, 
 coupled with his indefatigable energy, which has character- 
 ized his life, he made this so-called " slow business" a suc- 
 cess, embracing the period from 1848 to 1866. During 
 this time the Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad 
 was constructed, an enterprise which received his efficient 
 support, and of whose board he was a director, and for 
 several years its secretary and acting treasurer. At the 
 period when hopes were cherished of rendering " The 
 Farmers' High School" (now the State College) a success, 
 his interest in a practical character of education was at- 
 tested by advocating (^with the pen) the bestowal of the 
 income arising from the Congressional land grant fund 
 upon that struggling institution. He thought to increase 
 its practical benefits by coupling with the college the three 
 experimental farms well supported, and thus to invite the 
 coveted patronage to this school. And the law was passed 
 under the express condition of the adequate maintenance 
 by the college trustees of these three farms ; and, with 
 some deference to assistance rendered, the eastern experi- 
 mental farm was located near the village of West Grove, 
 Chester Co., Pa. He also aided in the establishment of 
 the " Friends' School" at Swarthmore. A thorough friend 
 of temperance, he adopted in 1874 the plan of offering 
 prizes, hoping to secure a valuable treatise on the general 
 subject, which work it is expected will soon be published. 
 The above-named Friends reside at West Grove, in their 
 pleasant residence, shown by the accompanying engraving. 
 They are interested in works of reform, and ever ready to 
 obey duty's call. 
 
 Isaac Jackson, born in Ireland, was a member of 
 the Society of Friends, and of eminent piety. When 
 about sixty years of age he began to look to America as 
 the place of his future home. His eldest daughter, Re- 
 becca, who had married Jeremiah Starr, was already settled 
 in Pennsylvania. There is an old family memoir, still ex- 
 tant, which states that Isaac Jackson and his wife had the 
 subject of their emigration "under weighty consideration" 
 for several years, and they at length informed their friends 
 of it. " While they were under exercise and concern of 
 mind," I quote from the memoir, " and desirous that best 
 wisdom might direct, Isaac had a dream or vision to this 
 import, — that having landed in America, he traveled a con- 
 siderable distance back into the country till he came to a 
 valley between two hills. Through this valley ran a pretty 
 stream of water. The prospect and situation of the place 
 seemed pleasant, and in his dream he thought his family 
 must settle there, though a wilderness unimproved." 
 
 Whether this remarkable dream influenced his determi- 
 nation we are not told, but, however that may be, he and 
 his family soon after embarked on the ship " Lizar" at 
 Dublin, and after a tedious passage landed at New Castle 
 Sept. 11,1725. From New Castle he proceeded to the 
 house of his son-in-law, Jeremiah Starr, who was residino- 
 on a farm he had purchased in Londongrove township. 
 
 There Isaac Jackson related his dream, and, as the memoir 
 continues, " was informed of such a place near. He soon 
 went to see it, which to his admiration so resembled what 
 he had a foresight of that it was a cause of joy and thank- 
 fulness." 
 
 Thus far the memoir ; but tradition, as it existed some 
 seventy years ago, when several of the grandchildren of the 
 venerable patriarch, to whom the visionary picture of his 
 future home was thus presented, were still alive, and having 
 seen and conversed with their grandsire, may have heard 
 the singular story from his own lips, added, that he was 
 shown in his dream, on the hill-side a spring of water, near 
 which he and his family should settle ; and that it was im- 
 pressed upon him that not only he and they should dwell 
 there, but that his descendants should occupy the land for 
 generations.* By the same tradition it was further said 
 that a single tract of four hundred acres of land, including 
 the pleasant valley seen by the dreamer, was the only one 
 in that vicinity which had not already been taken up by 
 previous settlers. He doubtless regarded it as a land of 
 promise to himself and family, and he hastened to become 
 master of it by lawful title. Isaac devised this tract to his 
 eldest son, William, who, dying in the year 1785, gave 
 three hundred acres of it, by will, to his youngest son, 
 John. This devise included the mansion-house and build- 
 ings, and John continued to occupy it as long as he lived. 
 He applied himself industriously to its cultivation and im- 
 provement, and was an active man of business till consider- 
 ably past middle life. He possessed no small amount of 
 botanical knowledge, and delighting in the culture of plants 
 and flowers, of which he collected a great variety, both of 
 foreign and domestic origin, he planted a large and beauti- 
 ful garden, which he cultivated with assiduous care, and to 
 which 'he devoted almost his whole attention during the 
 later years of his life. Dr. William Darlington, with whom 
 he was well acquainted, in his " Memorials of Bartram and 
 Marshall," thus refers to him, — 
 
 "John Jackson, of Londongrove township, Chester Co., was one 
 of the very few contemporaries of Humphry Marshall who sympa- 
 thized cordially with his pursuits. He commenced a garden soon 
 after that at Marshallton was established, and made a valuable collec- 
 tion of rare and ornamental plants, which is still preserved in good 
 condition by his son, William Jackson. John Jackson was a very 
 successful cultivator of curious plants, a respectable botanist, and oue 
 of the most gentle and amiable of men." 
 
 John Jackson married, under the age of twenty-seven, 
 Mary Harlan, a daughter of Joel and Hannah Harlan, and 
 raised a family of seven children, to whom he gave advan- 
 tages of education superior to those usually accorded in his 
 day to farmers' children, and as they grew up they brought 
 around them, by their information and culture, an agreeable 
 and interesting circle of friends and acquaintances, so that 
 Harmony Grove, as the old family-seat was designated, be- 
 came a place of rare attractions. Nowhere, indeed, in 
 Chester County was better society to be found than beneath 
 the roof and at the table of John Jackson, who long 
 maintained, and dis pensed with a liberal hand, the tradi^ 
 
 « This prSperty has recently been sold to Joshua Jaoobs, an Irish 
 gentleman, a lineal descendant in the female line from Isaac Jack- 
 son, the dreamer. The fact of his being such descendant was not as- 
 certained till after negotiations for the purchase were commenced 
 
^y Sa-m.u-'!!- ^' 
 
 'U^/TTb 
 
jJiUUUAi-HiUAl. AJND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 611 
 
 tional hospitality of the house. He died in the year 1821, 
 in the seventy-fourth year of his age, having devised his 
 real estate to his son William. 
 
 William Jackson, fourth son of ■William and Katha- 
 rine Jackson, and grandson of Isaac Jackson, who was the 
 first of the fiimily who came to this country, was born July 
 14, 1746. He was remarkable in youth for stability of 
 character and seriousness of demeanor, and as early as 
 1775 he became an approved minister. In 1778 he mar- 
 ried Hannah, a daughter of Thomas and Hannah Seaman, 
 of Westbury, Long Island, and went to reside there with 
 his wife. After about two years he returned to the place 
 of his nativity, and for the remainder of his life lived upon 
 a farm of his father, which was afterwards devised to him. 
 In 1802, '3, and '4 he traveled through England and Ire- 
 land on a religious visit, and was absent about throe years, 
 during which time he attended nearly all the meetings of 
 Friends in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, and 
 some of them repeatedly. He also visited, at different 
 times. Friends in Maryland, Virginia, New York, and New 
 England. At one time he was absent from home, in the 
 prosecution of his religious labors, for more than a year, 
 traveling through State after State, in the work of the min- 
 istry. His engagements in this way continued occasionally 
 till he was about seventy-eight years old, after which he 
 ceased to travel beyond the limits of his own Yearly Meet- 
 ing. He had no children, wa.« in easy circumstances, simple 
 and economical in his habits, and not desirous of pecuniary 
 gain. He would never lend money at a rate of interest 
 exceeding five per cent., and he frequently required but 
 four, and he allowed his debtors to pay very much as suited 
 their own convenience. His chief interest was in the con- 
 cerns of his religious society, and in the promulgation of 
 the truth as he understood it ; and, though diligent in busi- 
 ness, in the intervals of his religious labors he was indiffer- 
 ent as to its profits. A desk, which by his will he gave to 
 a grandnephew with its contents, was found to contain gold 
 and silver coin in amount upwards of four hundred dollars, 
 which had obviously been carelessly thrown in, as received 
 in different sums, without being cared for afterwards ; and 
 various other sums of money were found in drawers and 
 cupboards, and such like places, not secreted, or apparently 
 subjects of any special care. He was punctilious in his 
 adherence to plainness of dress and in his style of living, 
 and he avoided all innovations that had the aspect or sem- 
 blance of luxury. The ancient trencher, with its fitting 
 accompaniment, adorned his family table long after it had 
 disappeared from every other household in the neighborhood. 
 In all respects he was a thorough Friend of the elder type, 
 and continued to the end of his life to be an example of 
 what manner of man a solid Friend was before the laxity of 
 modern manners had encroached upon the drab-colored sim- 
 plicity of the ancient fathers of the church. He was grave 
 and dignified, yet in social intercourse he was habitually 
 cheerful, and he had a genial vein of innocent humor which 
 enhanced the pleasure of his conversation. 
 
 In all matters of church discipline he was an authority, 
 and his judgment in business meetings of the society was 
 more than respected, — it was of such weight as to be usu- 
 ally decisive. His opinions were thought by some to betray 
 
 a touch of severity, but no one doubted that the natural 
 flow of his feelings was gonial and kindly, and that his 
 heart was the seat of the most generous and tender emo- 
 tions. His wife was a woman of intelligence and devoted 
 piety, sprightly in conversation and active in all good works. 
 Mutual affection and esteem assisted to brighten and sweeten 
 their lives for more than fifty years. They both lived to a 
 good old age. He survived her but a short time, and died 
 Jan. 10, 1834, in the eighty-eighth year of his age. 
 
 WlLHAM Jackson, the third of the name, and the 
 son of John Jackson, wasborn Nov. 7, 1789. He was a 
 pupil at Friends' institution at Westtown, and in October, 
 1808, entered Enoch Lewis' boarding-school at New Gar- 
 den as a student of mathematics. His literary attainments 
 were respectable, and his progress in mathematical science, 
 to the study of which the character of his mind was well 
 adapted, was rapid. About the time that he attained ma- 
 jority, his father, who desired leisure for the indulgence of 
 his botanical tastes in the cultivation of his beautiful gar- 
 den, committed to him the management of his farm ; of 
 which, on his'father's death, he became the owner. Though 
 diligent in business as an agriculturist, he did not allow his 
 avocations to engross his whole time or attention. He 
 took a deep interest in every movement of a public or phil- 
 anthropic character. Though he was well acquainted with 
 the principles of our government, and with those which 
 regulate the distribution of wealth and the increase of pop- 
 ulation, and in many respects was well qualified for use- 
 fulness in public life, he was not a politician in the baser 
 sense of the word, and regarded popularity and the honors 
 of office with equal indifference. Much to his surprise, 
 he was in the year 1838 placed on the ticket of the Anti- 
 Masonic party, with which he had slight affiliation, and 
 elected a member of the State Senate. He served his term 
 with credit, and was highly esteemed in that body for his 
 integrity, intelligence, and accuracy of judgment, and 
 whenever he spoke he commanded attention by the clear- 
 ness of his statements and the cogency of his reasoning. 
 But he was not a partisan, and could not manage or be 
 managed, and his single term in the Senate was his whole 
 experience in political life. 
 
 The anti-slavery movement enlisted his warmest sym- 
 pathies, and he was for many years actively engaged in the 
 promulgation of its principles. To his sense of justice, in- 
 deed, slavery was always abhorrent, and from his early youth 
 he was a zealous advocate of emancipation. 
 
 His favorite study was that of social science, in which 
 he was a disciple of Malthus and Adam Smith. He deliv- 
 ered at various times lectures on subjects connected with 
 political economy, in which he advocated strongly the 
 soundness of the Malthusian philosophy. He was a calm, 
 clear reasoner and an accurate thinker, deliberate and unim- 
 passioned, without a touch of enthusiasm or coloring of im- 
 agination, seeking truth by the most direct processes, and 
 never bewildered in the pursuit by false lights, however 
 brilliant or dazzling. His judgment was eminently judi- 
 cial. He approached his conclusions by slow and cautious 
 steps uninfluenced by his wishes or his hopes. 
 
 In the branch of the Society of Friends to which he was 
 attached he was repeatedly chosen clerk of the Monthly 
 
612 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 and Quarterly Meetings, for which positions he was peculi- 
 arly well fitted by the habitual calmness of his temperament 
 and the cool impartiality of his judgment. 
 
 It is hardly necessary to add that in domestic life the 
 traditional kindness of the Jackson nature was not wanting 
 in him. In all family relations he was the pattern of a 
 Christian gentleman. He died in the year 1864, univer- 
 sally lamented, and leaving behind him the record of a 
 well-spent life. 
 
 Dr. Samuel Jackson, youngest son of Isaac and Han- 
 nah Jackson, of New Garden, born 8th mo. 3, 1788, died 
 12th mo. 17, 1869, was an elegant scholar, a forcible 
 writer, and profoundly learned in his profession. After 
 graduating as M.D. at the University of Pennsylvania, he 
 settled at Northumberland, in this State, where he re- 
 mained till beyond middle age in the enjoyment of a large 
 medical practice. His eldest son, William Arthur Jack- 
 son, was a young man of fine abilities and elegant accom- 
 plishments, and was associated in the practice of law with 
 the Hon. John M. Read, late chief justice of the Supreme 
 Court of Pennsylvania. He died at the age erf' twenty-nine, 
 just as the assurance of a successful and brilliant career as 
 a lawyer and advocate seemed almost complete. A second 
 son, Francis Aristides Jackson, has been professor of Latin 
 at the University of Pennsylvania for upwards of twenty 
 years, though not yet past the meridian of life. 
 
 Halliday Jackson, born 8, 31, 1771, son of Isaac 
 and Phebe (Halliday) Jackson, of New Garden, when 
 a young man, in company with Henry Simmons and Joel 
 Swayne, went to the Indian reservation in the western part 
 of New York, to assist in instructing the natives in habits 
 of civilization, under the care of Philadelphia Yearly 
 Meeting of Friends. He was absent about two years. On 
 his return he married, 3, 18, 1801, Jane, daughter of 
 Thomas and Jane Hough, and settled at Darby. He was 
 the father of John Jackson, a valued minister and educa- 
 tor, and of Halliday Jackson, now of West Goshen, in this 
 county, compiler of the family genealogy, and a person 
 much interested in natural science. 
 
 JACOBS, John and Richard, settled on the Pcrkio- 
 men Creek about the year 1700. John Jacobs, Jr., son 
 of John, was married, 9, 2, 1721, to Mary, daughter of 
 Richard and Elizabeth (Lewis) Hayes, of Haverford, and 
 had the following children : 
 
 John, b. 3, 6, 1722; Richard, b. 6, 12, 1723; Israel, 
 b. 6, 9, 1726, m. Sarah Massey ; Joseph, b. 10, 25, 1728 ; 
 Benjamin, b. 3, 5, 1731 ; Elizabeth, b. 10, 5, 1732, m. Col. 
 Caleb Parry; Hannah, b. 12, 12, 1735, m. David Ritten- 
 house; Mary, b. 6, 2, 1738, m. John Goheen; Isaac, b. 10, 
 13, 1741, m. Hannah Trimble; Jesse, died unmarried. 
 From Richard, the second son, it is thought that the Jacobs 
 family of Lancaster County is descended. 
 
 John Jacobs (3) married, 1, 3, 1753, Elizabeth, daughter 
 of John Havard, of Tredyffrin, and about the same°time 
 settled in Whiteland township, Chester Co., having pur- 
 chased several contiguous farms in the Great Valley. From 
 1762 to 1776 he served as a member of the Assembly, 
 being Speaker of that body during the latter year ; was a 
 member of the Constitutional Convention of July 15, 1776 
 and in 1777 one of the commissioners which met at New 
 
 Haven to regulate the price of commodities in the colonies. 
 He died in May, 1780. His eldest son, Benjamin, received 
 a good education, studied law, and practiced surveying and 
 conv('yancing, and was appointed under the constitution of 
 1790 an associate judge of the Court of Common Picas. 
 He was disowned by Friends, 10, 9, 1777, for signing paper 
 currency for carrying on the war. 
 
 JAMES, Aaron, lately arrived from Stafford Monthly 
 Meeting, in Old England, produced to Chester Monthly 
 Meeting, 9, 24, 1701, a certificate from thence on behalf 
 of himself and wife Elizabeth. They settled in Westtown, 
 and were the parents of the following children : Thomas, 
 b. 4, 20, 1700; Mary, b. 5, 15, 1702; Sarah, b. 7, 1, 
 1704; Aaron, b. 11, 9, 1706; Joseph, b. 1, 29, 1709; 
 Ann, b. 3, 24, 1711. 
 
 Of these, Joseph was married about 1735 to Hannah 
 Hickman, born April 21, 1715, died May 23, 1806, daugh- 
 ter of Benjamin and Ann Hickman, of Westtown. Joseph 
 died in W^esttown, Sept. 2, 1772, seized of a messuage and 
 grist-mill with 70 acres of land in Middletown and Provi- 
 dence, messuage and 200 acres in Westtown, and another 
 messuage and 160 acres in the same township. The chil- 
 dren of Joseph and Hannah were fourteen in number, viz. : 
 Caleb, b. 5, 4, 1736, d. 1, 15, 1829, m. Mary Marshall and 
 Betty (Lewis) Hoopes; Mary, b. 7, 25, 1737, m. Philip 
 Mendenhall ; Hannah, b. 8, 1, 1739, m. John Marshall, 
 11, 27, 1760 ; Ann, b. 6, 3, 1741, m. William Patterson ; 
 Joseph, b. 3, 21, 1743; Elizabeth, b. 11, 25, 1744, m. 
 Joseph Knight; Sarah, b. 12, 22, 1746-7; Susanna, b. 
 
 2, aO, 1749, d. 10, 15, 1823, m. Jacob Hoopes and Gideon 
 Gilpin ; Ruth, b. 11, 7, 1750 ; Moses, b. 12, 20, 1752 ; Aaron, 
 b. 10, 11, 1754; Jesse, b. 3, 12, 1756, d. 11, 21, 1819; 
 Esther, b. 9, 6, 1757, m. Abraham Williamson and Samuel 
 Painter; Rebecca, b. 5, 3, 1759, died young. 
 
 Of these, Jesse married, 3, 26, 1788, Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of John and Phebe Hoopes, born 4, 17, 1760, died 12, 
 15, 1848. They resided at Westtown, and had children, — 
 Ann, b. 5, 13, 1788, d. 9, 21, 1851 ; Joseph, b. 8, 17, 
 1789 ; John, b. 10, 3, 1790, d. 4, 22, 1854 ; Hannah, b. 
 
 3, 1, 1792, d. 3, 10, 1831 (?) ; Susanna G., b. 12, 4, 1793, 
 d. 3, 18, 1866 (?) ; Phebe, b. 9, 27, 1795, d. 4, 30, 1864 ; 
 Esther W., b. 6, 12, 1797, d. 12, 21, 1845 ; Jesse, b. 6, 
 24, 1801, d. 1, 2, 1874. 
 
 John James, son of Jesse, married Hannah, daughter of 
 Cheyney and Mary Jefferis, of East Bradford, and pur- 
 chased a farm on the east side of Brandywine, at Jefferis' 
 Ford, where he continued to reside. Hannah was born 3, 
 7, 1791, and died 3, 22, 1830. After her death John 
 married Rachel Painter, who survived him. His children 
 by the first wife were Edwin ; Mary, m. to Richard Ash- 
 bridge ; Jesse, died young ; Esther, m. to Albin Garrett 
 and William Woodward; Cheyney, died young; John, 
 who owns the homestead ; Joseph, died young ; Cheyney 
 J., now deceased ; by the second wife, Jesse, also deceased. 
 
 Aaron James, son of Caleb and Mary (Marshall) James, 
 married Mary, daughter of Thomas Mercer, of Westtowu,' 
 and had children,— Hannah, b. 1789 ; Thomas, Emmor, 
 Abraham, Mary, Aaron, Betty, Jane, m. to Jesse James, 
 Jr. ; Sarah, m. to Francis James, Esq. ; Martha, and Hunt 
 b. 1813, d. 1859. 
 

 *i'/"'">i< AJT:Blti^^ 
 
 u^/te/^^y 
 
DiUUXva-jriiiV^AOj J\Lyu UHilNHiAJjUbriUAL. 
 
 613 
 
 Daniel James, an Episcopalian, married Jane 
 Thomas, a Baptist, in Wales, where some of their children 
 were born. They came to Chester County, and resided 
 perhaps near St. Peter's ohtivch, in the Valley, at one time, 
 and afterwards in the neighborhood of Concord, but it is 
 not known that Daniel owned any land. Joseph James, 
 son of Daniel, was born in this country, June 21, 1*761, 
 and married Mary, daughter of Francis and Ann (Mar- 
 shall) Hickman. He died Oct. 29, 1842, and his widow 
 Feb. 21, 1846, aged about eighty years. Tlieir children 
 were asfollows: Levis, Benjamin, Thomas, Sarah, Amelia, 
 Ann and Francis, twins, Jane, Mary H., Hickman, and 
 William H. 
 
 Francis James, bom April 4, 1799, began the study 
 of law with John Duer, Esq., April ], 1823, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in May, 1825, since which he has made 
 West Chester his home. In 1834 he was elected to the 
 State Senate, and served four years. He was . elected rep- 
 resentative in Congress for the district composed of Chester, 
 Delaware, and Lancaster Counties in 1838 and 1840. Here 
 he took a strong anti-slavery position, and by speech and 
 vote resisted the encroachments of the slave-power. He 
 married, Sept. 7, 1826, Sarah H., daughter of Aaroa and 
 Mary James, of Westtown, and has one child, Anna M. 
 James. Owing to failing health he gradually relinquished 
 the practice of the law several years since, and now at the 
 age of eighty-two years his tottering steps require the as- 
 sistance of two canes. He is a venerable gentleman, dig- 
 nified, courteous, and modest, and only at the solicitation 
 of others would he allow his portrait to appear in this 
 work. 
 
 JEFFERIS, Robert, is first mentioned as a witness at 
 a court held at Chester, September, 1685. In 1691 he 
 purchased 60 acres of land near the middle of Upper 
 Chichester township, whereon he probably resided for some 
 years. In 1701 he purchased 169 acres in East Bradford 
 township, and having sold that in Chichester, removed to 
 the last purchase. In 1703 he was appointed constable for 
 Westtown, Bradford not being then organized. In 1721 
 he added to his possessions by purchasing 189 acres from 
 William BuflBngton. He conveyed the homestead in 1733 
 to his son Benjamin, reserving a life estate, and having 
 divided his other land between his sons, he does not appear 
 to have owned any at the time of his death, in 1738. 
 
 His first wife was Jane, daughter of George and Jane 
 Chandler, to whom he was married about 1692. After her 
 
 death he married Ann , by whom he had one child. 
 
 His widow married Richard Archer prior to 1745, aad 
 surviving him, died at the residence of her son, Richard 
 Jefferis, in Tell township, Huntingdon Co. 
 
 The children of Robert and Jane Jefferis were Pa- 
 tience, m. to Henry Betterton and Mackey ; Chaiity, 
 
 m. to John Evans, and again, in 1721, to John Cope ; Wil- 
 liam, m. 1724, to Elizabeth (Ring) Neild ; James, m. March 
 3, 1728, to Elizabeth (TuU) Carter ; Robert, m. Eleanor 
 
 and Elizabeth Harper, a widow ; George, m. Lydia 
 
 ; Jane, m. to Joseph Skeen; Anne, m. to Alexander 
 
 Duncan ; Mary, m. to Thomas Temple, of Cain ; Benja- 
 min, m. to- Elizabeth Carter ; Thomas, m. to Catharine (?) ; 
 John. 
 
 William Jefferis resided in Chester township for some 
 time after his marriage, but after his father's death he pur- 
 chased the homestead in East Bradford and removed thither. 
 He died 11, 23, 1777, and was buried on the 25th, at Bir- 
 mingham Meeting. His children were Mary, b. 5, 29, 
 1727, m. William Marsh, of Sadsbury ; William, b. 3, 12^ 
 1729, d. 1778, m. Hannah Darlington ; Martha, b. 1, 8, 
 1731, m. William Bennett; Nathaniel, b. 11, 8, 1733, d. 
 9, 30, 1823; Hannah, m. John Hunt; Samuel, b. 10, 6, 
 1736, d. 2, 28, 1823; Nathan, b. 5, 6, 1741, d. 1777. 
 The descendants of William and Hannah (Darlington) Jef- 
 feris are very numerous, but mostly in the West. Na- 
 thaniel Jefferis married his first cousin. Prudence . 
 
 and had seven children. He afterwards married Mary, 
 daughter of Isaac Chalfant, by whom he had eight, of 
 whom the late Isaac Jefferis, of Newlin, was one. 
 
 Samuel Jefferis was married 11, 24, 1759, to Margaret, 
 daughter of John and Joanna Townsend, of East Brad- 
 ford, born 7, 27, 1742, died 7, 9, 1832. They resided for 
 many years in West Whiteland, but died in West Chester. 
 They had two sons, — William and John, of whom the first 
 died with yellow fever in Philadelphia, leaving children, 
 who went to Baltimore. 
 
 John Jefferis married, 3, 29, 1787, Hanrah, daughter of 
 John and Hannah Carpenter, of West Bradford, born J, 
 4, 1768, died 7, 30, 1799. He married a second wife, 
 Jane P. Bishop, who died 2, 14, 1845. Her children were 
 Minerva, b. 12, 17, 1787, d. 8, 23, 1795; Horatio 
 Townsend, b. 6, 22, 1789, d. 5, 14, 1836 ; Samuel Car- 
 penter, b. 12, 1, 1790, d. 3, 20, 1843 ; Malinda England, 
 b. 9, 9, 1792, d. 2, 27, 1863, m. Job Wickersham ; Phebe 
 Baily, b. 8, 19, 1794, d. 3, 29, 1829 ; William Walter, b. 
 12, 5, 1796, died young; Granville Sharp, b. 10, 5, 1802; 
 Joseph Addison, b. 11, 3, 1803, 
 
 Horatio Townsend Jefferis married, March 27, 1816, 
 Hannah Paul, born April 19, 1790, died March 23, 1851. 
 They resided in West Chester, and had children, — Minerva; 
 William Walter, now cashier of the Bank of Chester 
 County; Emily Jane; Martha Ann, m, Charles Fairlamb ; 
 John Paul, now of Washington, D, C. ; Horatio Carpenter, 
 and Mortimer Townsend, lately Episcopal minister of an 
 English Church at Dresden. 
 
 James Jefferis, son of Robert and Jane, married Eliza- 
 beth, widow of George Carter, of East Bradford, and set- 
 tled on the Carter homestead, on the west side of Brandy- 
 wine, at Jefferis' Ford. His father conveyed some land to 
 him on the east side of the creek, and he purchased from 
 the Worth family 150 acres on the west side. He became 
 a member of Birmingham Meeting in 1738, and was ap- 
 pointed an overseer in 1743. He died in 1745, but his 
 wife survived him many years. They had three children, 
 
 James, Abigail, who married Thomas Williamson, and 
 
 Emmor. 
 
 James was born Nov. 20, 1728, and married, Dec. 23, 
 1749 Ann, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Cheyney, 
 of Thornbury, born Feb. 21, 1727-8, died at the age of 
 seventy-six years, six months, twenty-seven days. He in- 
 herited his father's lands on the east side of the creek, 
 where he died in 1807. His children were Mary, b. 9, 
 9, 1750, m. to Thomas Hickman ; Emmor, b. 1, 18, 1752, 
 
614 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 d. 10, 8, 1822, m. Rachel Grubb ; Betty, b. 3, 17, 1755, 
 d. 1, 5, 1838, unmarried; Hannah, b. 10, 19, 1757, m. to 
 Moses Hickman; Jane, b. 10, 7, 1759, d. 3, 16, 1849. 
 Her son Chalkley, b. 11, 17, 1789, d. 11, 4, 1870, was a 
 mason and builder, and in conjunction with William In- 
 gram erected many importaYit public buildings. Cheyney, 
 b. 4, 26, 1762, d. 4, 6, 1828 ; Jacob, b. 9, 26, 1764, d. 
 11, 20, 1840, m. Elizabeth Cope; Ann, b. 9, 24, 1767, d. 
 6, 5, 1768. 
 
 Cheyney Jefferis learned the hatting business, but be- 
 came a farmer. He married, 11, 26, 1790, Mary Bennett, 
 b. 11, 29, 1762, died 9, 2, 1807, daughter of James and 
 Hannah Bennett, of Pennsbury. He married again, 3, 22, 
 1810, Martha Sharpless, b. 4, 27, 1775, died 4, 30, 1854, 
 daughter of Joshua and Edith Sharpless. He purchased 
 a farm eastward of and adjoining that of his father, now 
 owned by his grandson, Edwin James. His children by 
 the first wife were Hannah, m. to John James ; James, 
 Titus, Cheyney, Mary, m. to James Bennett ; Edith ; and by 
 the second, Ann, m. to Moses Sheppard ; Lydia, Martha, 
 and Joshua ; all deceased except the last, who is one of 
 Chester County's model farmers, residing in New Garden 
 township. 
 
 Eramor JeflFeris, son of James and Elizabeth, inherited 
 the land on the west side of the ford, where he died about 
 1802. It was he who was compelled to guide the British 
 army towards Birmingham Meeting on the day of battle. 
 He married, in 1757, Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin and 
 Sarah Taylor, on Pocopson Creek. She died 7, 11, 1793, 
 aged about fifty-three years. They had three children, — 
 James, b. about 1758, d. 1, 25, 1822; Emmnr, b. 3, 2, 
 1760, d. 8, 8, 1813; and Sarah, who married Dr. Joseph 
 Moore. 
 
 James was a sea-captain, and owner of the vessel " Nep- 
 tune," which sailed from Wilmington. Later in life he 
 settled down on his farm in East Bradford, now of E. H. 
 Holley. He also became the owner of his brother Emmor's 
 share of their father's land by purchase from the heirs. 
 Capt. Jefferis is represented in the name by his grandson, 
 Bayard Jefferis, of West Chester. 
 
 Emmor Jefferis, his brother, married Charity, daughter 
 of Samuel and Lydia Grubb, born 12, 30, 1762, died 3, 
 10, 1836. They had children, — Sarah, mother of Hon. 
 John Hickman ; Grubb, Curtis, Joseph, Benjamin, Lydia, 
 John S., Elizabeth, Anna, Charity, Emmor, and Abigail. 
 Of these, Anna, widow of Isaac Trimble, of West Bradford, 
 is living at the age of eighty-four years. Emmor Jefferis, 
 the youngest son, was the grandfather of Rev. William 
 Jefferis, of Newark College, Delaware. 
 
 Richard Jefferis, the youngest son of the first Robert, 
 born about 1730, settled in Huntingdon County, and had 
 a large family of children by two wives, the names of 
 twenty-two being known. His son Mark, born Feb. 10, 
 1787, died Feb. 11, 1877, was the father of Gen. Noah 
 L. Jeffries, sometime register of the treasury at Wash- 
 ington, D. C. Robert Jefferis the first was probably 
 born as early as 1670, and some of his grandchildren were 
 living in 1879, making an unusually long period to be 
 covered by three generations. 
 
 The name is differently spelled in different branches of 
 
 the fam'ily, but by those in Chester County it is written 
 Jefferis. 
 
 JOHN, Gripfitit, son of John Phillips and Ellen, his 
 wife, was born in Pembrokeshire, in Wales, in the year 
 1683, and arrived in Pennsylvania 2, 11, 1709; mar- 
 ried, 7, 20, 1714, Ann, daughter of Robert and Gwen 
 Williams, of Goshen, where she was born in 1700. They 
 settled in Uwchlan, where he died 6, 29, 1778, and his 
 widow 6, 17, 1782. He was a minister among Friends 
 near seventy years. His children were Joshua, b. 1, 31, 
 1720; Hannah, b. 1, 19, 1723; Jane, b. 2, 5, 1725; Abel, 
 b. 7, 22, 1727 ; Griffith, b. 8, 26, 1729 ; Esther, b. 1, 3, 
 1731; Robert, b. 7, 22, 1734; Sarah, b. 8, 31, 1736; 
 and Reuben, who married Lydia, daughter of John and 
 Joanna Townsend. 
 
 Samuel John, a brother of Griffith, was born in Pem- 
 brokeshire in 1680, and educated in the Church of Eng- 
 land, but after his arrival in this country, in 1709, he be- 
 came a minister among Friends, and was such about fifty- 
 four years. He died 10, 16, 1766, and was buried at 
 Uwchlan. By his wife, Margaret, he had cliitdren, — Mary, 
 Samuel, Margaret, David, Ellen, and Daniel. 
 
 Jesse John, descended from a Welsh family, was born 
 in Vincent township, Chester Co., on March 14, 1770. 
 His education was such as that plain rural district then 
 afforded, but for a portion of it he was indebted to John 
 Forsythe, who taught school for a while in that part of 
 Chester County, and was afterwards the able and accepta- 
 ble teacher of the Friends' school at Birmingham Meeting- 
 house. In early life Jesse John became an active, practi- 
 cal man and a good citizen. He served as a commissary to 
 a portion of the provisional army raised during the admin- 
 istration of the elder Adams, and was always popular in 
 his native county. In 1804 he was elected sheriff, and 
 early in 1809 was appointed by Governor Snyder prothono- 
 tary and clerk of the courts of Chester County, which offices 
 he held for the period of nine years. During the war of 
 1812-15, Isaac Wayne, only son of the gallant Anthony, 
 raised a volunteer troop of cavalry, of which Mr. John was 
 a favorite officer, with the rank of cornet. On the capture 
 of . Washington City, when volunteers were called for, the 
 troop paraded in front of the Governor's quarters in Phila- 
 delphia, and tendered their services, but cavalry were not 
 then deemed requisite for the defense of the city of Penn, 
 and Mr. Wayne's handsome troop was therefore not em- 
 ployed. 
 
 In March, 1814, an act of Assembly was passed authoriz- 
 ing the establishment of the Bank of Chester County, and 
 Jesse John was one of the nine commissioners appointed 
 by the act to receive subscriptions to the capital stock of 
 said bank. He was chosen one of the directors at three 
 successive elections. Having served out his clerkship of 
 the courts for nine years, he removed with his family to 
 the West, and settled in Muskingum Co., Ohio, in 1819. 
 In that prosperous region he passed the remainder of his 
 days, and departed this life May 21, 1861, aged ninety-one 
 years. 
 
 Jesse John was for many years a devoted member of 
 the Baptist Church; at all times a zealous Republican 
 and an earnest patriot. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 t>l» 
 
 JOB, Andrew, was an early settler in and near Chester, 
 but was not among the earliest. He was married to Eliza- 
 beth Vernon in 1692. Both as a member of the Society 
 of Friends and as a citizen he maintained a good standing. 
 In 1697 he served the office of sheriif, and in 1702 he 
 represented Chester County in the Provincial Assembly, 
 and about 1704 removed to the new settlement of Notting- 
 ham, where he died 4, 5, 1722. His children were Ben- 
 jamin, b. 8, 13, 1693, d. 9, 1, 1693; Jacob, b. 5, 26, 
 1694; Thomas, b. 9, 22, 1695, m. Elizabeth Maxwell, a 
 niece of Daniel Defoe, 8, 28, 1725 ; Mary, b. 1 , 23, 1696-7, 
 m. John White, 8, 31, 1717; Enoch, b. 7, 9, 1698, died 
 young; Enoch, b. 11, 6, 1700-1, d. 1731, m. Abigail Gat- 
 chell ; Abraham, b. 6, 22, 1702, m. Sarah Gatchell, 9, 
 24, 1726 ; Caleb, b. 5, 26, 1704 ; Joshua, b. 1, 2, 1706-7, 
 m. Margaret McCoy, 1, 11, 1730-1 ; Hannah, b. 8, 24, 
 1708; Patience, b. 7, 2, 1710, m. Robert McCoy. 
 
 JOHNSON, Robert, and wife, Margaret (Berthwaite), 
 came from Ireland, and settled in New Garden, where he 
 died in 1732, leaving children, — Benjamin, James, Joshua, 
 Robert, Abigail, and Ann. Abigail became the wife suc- 
 cessively of Thomas Wiekersham, Isaac Baily, and Morde- 
 cai Cloud. A son, Caleb Johnson, died in 1728, and a 
 daughter, Sarah, in 1718. 
 
 Joshua Johnson, born 7, 29, 1696, at Coleboy, in the 
 county of Wicklow, married Sarah, daughter of Gayen 
 and Margaret Miller, born 9, 1, 1704, in Kennet, and they 
 had children,— James, Lydia, Margaret, William, Sarah, 
 Joshua, Hannah, Robert, Dinah, Rebecca, and David. 
 
 Robert Johnson, Jr., married Katharine, daughter of 
 Simon and Ruth Hadly, and had children,— Hannah, 
 Simon, Caleb, Lydia, Stephen, Jonathan, and Isaac. 
 
 Benjamin Johnson married, 9, 5, 1729, Mary, daughter 
 of Ephraim and Rachel Jackson, of Edgmont. 
 
 JOHNSTON, Francis, son of Alexander Johnston, of 
 New London, was among the earliest and most earnest of 
 the Whigs of Chester County who led the opposition to the 
 measures of Britain, which resulted in the war of inde- 
 pendence. When the master-spirits of that day assembled to 
 organize resistance to tyranny, we almost invariably find An- 
 thony Wayne presiding at the meetings in Chester County, 
 and Francis Johnston acting as secretary. In the beginning 
 of January, 1776, the Committee of Safety recommended 
 the following field-officers for the Fourth Pennsylvania 
 Battalion, then to be raised : For colonel, Anthony Wayne, 
 of Chester County ; for lieutenant-colonel, Francis Johns- 
 ton, of Chester County ; for major, Nicholas Hausecker, of 
 Lancaster County. They were accordingly appointed by 
 the Continental Congress. Of the eight captains in that 
 battalion, six were from Chester County, viz. : Persifor 
 Frazer, Thomas Robinson, Caleb North, Fiederick Vernon, 
 James Moore, and James Taylor. 
 
 At the close of the campaign of 1776, Lieut.-Col. Johns- 
 ton returned to Chester County, on account, it is believed, 
 of ill health. The following letter from Francis Johnston 
 to Gen. Mifflin may serve to indicate the harsh feelings 
 which prevailed in those trying times : 
 
 " Cnoss-KOADS, Dec;. 21, 1776. 
 "Dear Gbnebal -I hope the subject of this letter will serve as a 
 sufficient apology for the liberty I take in writing to you. I think it 
 
 my duty to inform you of the strange and perverse change in politics 
 which hath taken place through a great part of this county. Even 
 some quondnm associators, as well as conscientiously scrupulous men, 
 totally refuse to accept Congress money as payment for old debts; 
 and there are some so maliciously averse to our support of liberty that 
 they refuse to part with any commodity whatsover, even the neces- 
 saries of life, unless they get hard money, or the old paper currency 
 of this province. Most of the tavern-keepers (who are Friends) on 
 the Lancaster road have pulled down their signs, and refuse the sol- 
 diery provisions or drink; they will assign you no reason for such 
 conduct. Tlie reason, however, is too evident : they are afraid to re- 
 ceive Congress money. The other day a man offered the sum of £300 
 Congress for £150 Pennsylvania currency. While people are suffered 
 thus to depreciate that money by which we carry on the present war, 
 and are passed by, unnoticed and with impunity, I cannot hesitate a 
 moment in pronouncing the contest near an end, and, what I dread, 
 an inglorious one, too. 
 
 " What officer or soldier will enter into the service in future if the 
 common and immediate necessaries of life are denied them, because 
 they have it not in their power to lay down any other than Congress 
 money ? Inclosed, I beg leave to send you a Resolve, which, in my 
 weak judgment (if adopto 1 by Congress), would remedy every incon- 
 venience. If you should like it, you no doubt will exert your influ- 
 ence with that august body to have it passed as soon as possible. I 
 am, dear sir, sincerely yours, etc., F- Johnstos. 
 
 " ' Reaolced, That all persons, to whom debts are now, or shall 
 henceforth become due, who shall refuse to accept Continental money, 
 from his or their debtors in discharge of such debts (it being first 
 properly tendered them in the presence of two witnesses), shall be, 
 and they are hereby forever debarred from the recovery of such debts, 
 and are hereby ordered to deliver up any bond, bill, or note, upon 
 which such debt may have become due, unto_ the said debtor or debt- 
 ors, under the pains and penalties of fine and imprisonment, etc' " 
 
 The proposition of Col. Johnston seems to have been 
 promptly adopted. 
 
 " In Congress, Dec. 27, 1776 : 
 
 " Besoloed, That the Council of Safety of Pennsylvaniabe requested 
 to take the most vigorous and speedy measures for punishing all such 
 as shall refuse Continental currency, and that the General be directed 
 to give all necessary aid to the Council of Safety for carrying their 
 measures on this subject into effectual execution. By order of Con- 
 „j^,gg_ John Hancock, President." 
 
 In March, 1777, the Fifth Pennsylvania Regiment was 
 organized, with the following field-officers, viz. : Colonel, 
 Francis Johnston; Lieutenant-Colonel, Persifor Frazer, 
 of Chester County ; Major, Thomas Robinson. 
 
 Col. F. Johnston to Mrs. (Persifor) Frazer : 
 
 " Ceoss-roads [New Lonhon], Oct. 1, 1777. 
 
 "Dear Madam,— I should have written to you sooner, but unfor- 
 tunately fell sick immediately after the action at Chadsford. 
 
 " I am heartily sorry for your loss [the capture of Col. Frazer]. I 
 trust, however, that it will be of short duration, as I have great reason 
 to believe a general e.iohange of prisoners will soon take place. Xhe 
 enemy will find your hflfeband a man of honor aid a gentleman; so 
 that you have nothing to fear. He will be treated well. 
 
 " If you have not already sent some hard cash and clothing to the 
 colonel, you will please let me know, that I may use my endeavors to 
 procure some hard money, which, with his baggage, shall, be sent 
 with a flag of truce the earliest opportunity. I should be glad to 
 know whether my papers, and some little clothing, which I had in 
 the colonel's chest, be jecure, and where they are. 
 
 " I am, dear madam, yours, etc., 
 
 " Fr. Johnston. 
 
 «II. B. When you write, send your letter to camp." 
 
 Col. Johnston became a citizen of Philadelphia after the 
 Revolution, and was elected to the office of sheriff in 1810. 
 His death is stated to have occurred Feb. 22, 1815. 
 
 JONES, Rev. David.— The Rev. David Jones, A.M., 
 was a son of Morgan and Eleanor Evans Jones, and a 
 grandson of David and Esther Morgan Jones, and was born 
 
616 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 in New Castle Co., Del., May 12, 1736. His grandparents 
 were natives of Wales, and his grandmother was a daughter 
 of the famous Morgan ap Rhydderch, a devout man, and a 
 preacher among the Baptists. 
 
 His early life was devoted to agricultural pursuits, but 
 desiring to enter the ministry, he turned his attention to 
 the study of divinity, and after the usual preparatory 
 
 studies he was licensed in 1761, and in the course of a few 
 years became an eminent preacher among the Baptists. 
 The hours which could be spared, in early life, from his 
 pastoral charge and ecclesiastical researches were employed 
 in obtaining a knowledge of the ancient languages, which 
 he conceived to be of importance in the line of his pro- 
 fession. By intense application he acquired a respectable 
 acquaintance with the Latin and Greek languages, the 
 study of which opened to him not only the fields of the 
 literature, but also those of the politics and manners of those 
 distinguished nations of antiquity. From these sources he 
 gathered a rich harvest of information, which the strength 
 of his memory enabled him at all times to draw on, and 
 apply to the purposes of enriching the minds of some and 
 gratifying the taste of others. 
 
 He was a missionary among the Indians of the Ohio 
 Valley in 1772 and 1773. 
 
 In 1775 he removed to Chester County, and took charge 
 of the Great Valley Baptist Church, in Tredyffrin town- 
 ship. 
 
 In 1776 he was appointed a chaplain in the army. He 
 served in that capacity under Gens. Gates and St. Clair 
 and was with Gen. Wayne from 1777 to 1783. 
 
 It has been often said that the hand of Providence could 
 be evidently traced throughout the Kevolutionary stru^^Ie 
 of these United States. It might also be justly added that 
 the same hand was not less conspicuous in the raising up of 
 men suited both to originate and conduct it. Amon" those 
 illustrious men the Rev. David Jones well deserves to be 
 ranked. Long and tedious were the dissensions which pre- 
 ceded the commencement of actual hostilities between the 
 mother-country and her colonies. In these the Rev. Mr. 
 
 Jones bore a conspicuous part, both by his voice and pen ; 
 to each of which his age and talents gave peculiar eflScacy. 
 When every remonstrance to the British throne and Par- 
 liament had failed, and no alternative remained other than 
 the surrender of our rights or the glorious defense of them, 
 the Rev. David Jones, without hesitancy, resolved to follow 
 the eagles of his country with the banner of the Cross ; and 
 this he faithfully did, from the frozen lakes of Canada to 
 the burning sands of Florida. His usefulness in the Rev- 
 olutionary war was by no means limited to the functions of 
 chaplain to a brigade, but also displayed itself in other im- 
 portant departments of the army. He had early in life 
 (after he had entered holy orders) acquired, under eminent 
 instructors, a very respectable knowledge of inedicine and 
 surgery, which enabled him to render essential services at 
 diflFerent junctures of the war, when a variety of casualties 
 had reduced the requisite number of the medical staff. 
 
 He also afforded eminept services in -reconnoitring the 
 enemy, in which employment he frequently hazarded his 
 life for the benefit of his country ; and to his honor be it 
 added that nearly all of those valuable services were volun- 
 tarily and gratuitously bestowed in behalf of the great 
 cause which he had espoused with so much zeal. 
 
 He was in the battle of Brandywine, and narrowly es- 
 caped death at the Paoli massacre. He was also in the 
 battle of Germantown, and was with the army at Valley 
 Forge in the memorable winter of 1777-78, near to which 
 was his home. It is said that his spirited and patriotic 
 addresses tended to greatly inspire the soldiers. 
 
 At the close of the Revolutionary war Mr. Jones re- 
 assumed the pastoral charge of the Baptist congregation 
 in the Great Valley, Chester County. To this and agri- 
 cultural pursuits his time was chiefly devoted until the 
 year 1793. Early in that year he was appointed diaplain. 
 to the army of the United States, then under the command 
 of Maj.-Gen. Anthony Wayne. A strong detachment of 
 this army was destined to subdue the hordes of savage In- 
 dians, then generally in hostility against the United States. 
 This was an arduous and hazardous enterprise", as the 
 greater portion of the western and southwestern country 
 was a wilderness, almost exclusively in possession of the 
 savages, who had been recently elated and rendered more 
 barbarous in consequence of two signal victories obtained 
 over the forces of Harmar and St. Clair. During this 
 Indian war the veteran chaplain rendered most valuable 
 services, in the performance of which, as in the Revolution- 
 ary struggle, his life was frequently in jeopardy. His 
 knowledge of the Indian character, and of the -geography of 
 their wilderness country, which he had acquired while a' 
 missionary among them, enabled him to aid materially in 
 promoting judicious movements of the army, in garrisoning 
 the country, and in practicing the address necessary to be 
 observed in bringing about a final adjustment of the dis- 
 putes between those hostile tribes and the United States. 
 Upon the settlement of our difficulty with the Indians, and 
 the evacuation of Fort Detroit and its dependencies by the 
 British, the Rev. David Jones retired from the public ser- 
 vice, and returned to his farm in Chester County. In the 
 peaceful occupation of husbandry, and preaching the gospel, 
 his time was amply employed until the war of 1812. Soon 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 617 
 
 after the commencement of the " second war of independ- 
 ence," Mr. Jones was appointed a chaplain in the Northern 
 Department of the army, in which capacity he remained, 
 sincerely reverenced and esteemed, until the conclusion of 
 the conflict. A gallant officer of the American army on 
 the Canadian frontier related the following characteristic 
 anecdote : When the venerable chaplain arrived at the 
 lines he held religious service, and such was the patriotic 
 fervor of the prayer with which it was concluded that the 
 troops spontaneously responded with three hearty cheers ! 
 After the termination of this third war in which the Rev. 
 David Jones had served, he resumed his agricultural em- 
 ployments, and having no particular pastoral charge, he 
 preached the gospel in sections of the country wherever he 
 supposed it was most needed. 
 
 Sept. 20, 1817, he delivered an address at the dedication 
 of the first monument erected at the Paoli massacre 
 grounds, and this proved to be the last occasion that he 
 officiated in public. 
 
 He always wore the cue, the cockade hat, the breeches, 
 the shoe- and knee-buckles ; in short, the dress of a gentle- 
 man of "ye olden time." 
 
 The pious old patriot departed this life Feb. 5, 1820, in 
 the eighty-fourth year of his age. His remains rest in the 
 cemetery of the Baptist church, Chester Valley, where a 
 marble tablet records a brief memorial of his faithful and 
 most exemplary career. 
 
 Rev. Horatio Gates Jones, D.D.-^Rev. David 
 Jones had four children who survived him, the youngest of 
 whom, named Horatio Gates Jones, in honor of Gen. 
 Horatio Gates, under whom the chaplain served for a time, 
 was born in Easttown, Chester Co., Feb. 11, 1777. He 
 became a Baptist minister, and was pastor of a church in 
 Salem, N. J., until 1805, when he removed to Roxborough, 
 Philadelphia. In 1809 he established the Lower Merion 
 Baptist Church, and served it as pastor until his death, 
 Dec. 12, 1853. He was a man of distinguished presence, 
 an eloquent speaker, and a ready writer. He filled positions 
 of prominence in the church and in the community in 
 which he lived, where he was highly esteemed. The de- 
 gree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by the 
 university at Lewisburg, Pa. 
 
 He left four sons,— Hon. J. Richter Jones, for many 
 years a judge of the courts of Philadelphia, and afterwards 
 colonel of the 58th Pennsylvania Volunteers, at the head 
 of which he fell at Newbern, N. C, in 1863; Col. 
 Charles Thompson Jones, Nathan Levering Jones, and 
 Hon. Horatio Gates Jones, the latter of whom is a member 
 of the Philadelphia bar, and has since 1874 been a member 
 of the Pennsylvania State Senate, in which he has made 
 himself somewhat famous as an advocate of religious 
 liberty. 
 
 Rees Jones, with his wife, Hannah, and children, 
 Richard, Lowry, and Evan, from Merionethshire, arrived 
 in Pennsylvania 7, 17, 1684, and settled in Merion, where 
 the father died 11, 26, 1697. In his will the name is 
 given as Rees John William. Besides the children born 
 -in Wales, there were five others,— John, Edward, Jane, 
 Sarah, and Margaret. 
 
 Richard married Jane Evans and, after her death, Re- 
 
 78 
 
 becca (Vernon) Garrett, ami settled in Goshen, where he 
 died 7, 16, 1771. He was a surveyor and conveyancer, 
 clerk and recorder for Goshen Monthly Meeting many 
 years, and a very useful citizen. By his first wife he had 
 a son, Rees, who m. 1, 23, 1731-2, Amy Cock, daughter 
 of Henry and Mary Cock, of Long Island. Their son, 
 Benjamin Jones, married Rebecca Eavenson, and settled in 
 Westtown, near the present railroad station. Their chil- 
 dren were Lydia, m. Richard Eavenson ; Elizabeth, m. Jo- 
 seph Fox; Amy; Phebe, m. Thomas Massey; Hannah, 
 m, Isaac Hoopes ; Benjamin, m. Ann James ; John, un- 
 married; Sidney, b. 11, 13, 1792, m. Abraham Hoopes 
 and Benjamin Sharpless ; Amy, m. Isaac T. Larkin ; Re- 
 becca, m. Joseph Larkin ; Rees, b. 1800, m. Elizabeth 
 Strode. 
 
 Geippith John, whose children bore the name of 
 Jones, came from Wales about 1712, and settled in Tredyf- 
 frin, on a farm about one mile west of New Centreville, on 
 the State road, which has for many years been owned by 
 Samuel Steam and family. He died in 1753, and was 
 buried at the Great Valley Baptist church, where also 
 seven succeeding generations now lie. In the history of 
 the church the family is frequently mentioned. A brother, 
 Henry John, also came to this country, but is not known 
 to have left children. 
 
 The children of Griffith were Samuel, William, Thomas, 
 Margaret (married, June 8, 1739, Evan James), and John, 
 who inherited the homestead. Samuel Jones lived on his 
 father's farm during the Revolutionary war, and a British 
 or Hessian general is said to have had his headquarters in 
 his house, and took all his horses but one, which they could 
 not catch. While the British were there Nathaniel Jones 
 (his son) went to the mill and remained absent several 
 days. Every day the British would say to the parents, 
 " Well, we caught him to-day ; we caught the rebel to-day." 
 Samuel had three sons,— Enoch, William, and Nathaniel, 
 
 and perhaps daughters. William left a daughter, who 
 
 married a Mr. Henderson. Nathaniel, it is thought, mar- 
 ried his brother William's widow, and had a large family, 
 whose descendants are numerous in the West. 
 
 Enoch Jones married Sarah Davis, of Easttown, and re- 
 mained on a part of his father's farm. He was a good 
 man, but stern, and would not allow his boys to whistle, 
 even about the farm, nor to wear suspenders, then coming 
 into fashion. Of his children, Spicer, with a large family, 
 went West. Nathaniel m. Mary Lawrence, and resided on 
 a small farm near the Great Valley Baptist church, in 
 which neighborhood some of his children live. Thomas 
 Jones m. Eliza Todd, and was a farmer in the Valley, near 
 Warren tavern ; bad the Cedar Hollow lime-kilns, a lum- 
 ber-yard at LumberviUe, on the Schuylkill, and another at 
 West Chester, hauling from the former to the latter by 
 horses. He was one of the associate judges of Chester 
 County, a justice of the peace for nineteen years ; was 
 brigade'inspector of Pennsylvania militia, and captain of the 
 Chester and Delaware County Union Troop, which escorted 
 Lafayette on his visit here in 1825. Samuel married 
 Hannah Johnson, of Londongrove, was a farmer, and left a 
 son and daughter, who live with their mother near Wayne 
 Station. John married Mary Ann McLean and (second) 
 
618 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Elizabeth Pennypaeker. He was a fierce Abolitionist, a 
 hater of tobacco, alcohol, and secret societies, and went to 
 Oberlin, Ohio, to edacate his children because all races were 
 admitted there. He died near Phoenixville. Enoch, Jr., 
 bought a farm near Chester Springs, upon which a valuable 
 deposit of iron ore was found. He left descendants. Betsy 
 married Joseph Bartholomew. Martha married Capt. Sam- 
 uel Davis, near Phoenixville, and her daughter is the wife 
 of Dr. Nathan A. Pennypaeker, of Schuylkill township. 
 
 The children of Thomas and Eliza Jones, who left fami- 
 lies, were D. Todd Jones, who lately died at Doe Run, Mrs. 
 John Mustin, of Philadelphia, Sarah, who married John 
 M. Philips, of Atglen, and Mrs. Isaac Acker, of Rosenvick. 
 
 Horatio Jones, eldest son of John, last mentioned, was 
 appointed by President Lincoln a territorial judge of Ne- 
 vada, since which he served a full term upon the bench in 
 St. Louis, and, declining re-election, is now practicing law 
 in that city. q. M, p. 
 
 1855. In that year the proprietor retiring, he, in connec- 
 tion with Nathan Wagoner, a fellow-clerk, purchased and 
 carried on the store under the name of Kaler & Wagoner. 
 This association continued until 1873, when it was dissolved 
 by the death of his partner, but the firm yet continued in 
 the same name, Mrs. Mary Ellen Wagoner succeeding her 
 husband. The business under the management of this 
 firm grew rapidly, until it became one of the most pros- 
 perous in the county, and so continued. He married in 
 September, 1860, Anne Olivia Nyce, by whom he had four 
 children, one of whom, Anne, the youngest, is living. 
 After the decease of his first wife he married, July 16, 
 1874, Anne S., daughter of Samuel and Susan White, for 
 many years a popular and successful teacher in Phoenix- 
 ville, and a lady of rare and marked culture. In 1856 he 
 was elected member of the school board, was twice re-elected, 
 and served until 1862. During his term of service all the 
 schools were graded and new houses built, in which he was 
 
 c>-^^ ya^^^u^^ 
 
 -rr- 
 
 KALEE, Levi B.— Matthias Kaler, a native of Ger- 
 many, settled in Berks County, and his son John married 
 Elizabeth Olmstead, descended from Heinrich Olmstead one 
 of the first settlers near Skippack Valley, in Montgomery 
 County, and on her mother's side from the old Boyer 
 family. Levi B. Kaler, their son, was born Jan. 26, 1828 
 in Berks County. He was educated in the public or sub- 
 scription schools, and was for some time a pupil of Rev. 
 Henry Miller, a noted educator of his day. His winters 
 were spent at school, and the summers working on the farm. 
 In 1847, at the age of nineteen, he went to Phoenixville 
 and engaged as salesman with William Nyce in the dry- 
 goods and groper^ busjpess, with whom he remained until 
 
 largely instrumental. He was elected to the borough coun- 
 cil in 1872, re-elected in 1873, and was influential in the 
 building and completion of the new water-works; was 
 elected chief burgess in 1874, and served one year. He 
 was one of the originators and first directors of the Phoe- 
 nixville National Bank, and has continued as a director 
 almost uninterruptedly to the present time. Also one of 
 the incorporators of the Morris Cemetery in 1865, he has 
 been its secretary from the date of its charter. He is 
 clerk and treasurer of the Central Union Association of 
 Baptist Churches, having- as the latter succeeded Uriah V 
 Pennypaeker fifteen years ago, and has acted as the former 
 for ten y.ars. For fifteen years he has been superintendent 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 619 
 
 of the Baptist Sunday-school, and for a long time a deacon 
 in that churoh. The firm of Kalcr & Wagonev were the 
 first to introduce into Phoenixville gas for lighting pur- 
 poses. He took a prominent part in the construction of 
 the " Masonic Hall," and was president of its board of 
 managers. In the Blue Lodge he has served in all the 
 positions, and in the Masonic order taken all the degrees up 
 to Knight Templar. He is a director in the Pickering 
 Valley Railroad, is connected with the Penn Mutual In- 
 surance Company of Chester County, and president of the 
 Phoenix Creamery Association. He is emphatically a self- 
 made man. He began life with no capital save a resolute 
 will and good character, and by his industry has attained to 
 success in business and the enjoyment of a handsome com- 
 petence. Originally a Whig, he identified himself with 
 the Republican party from its very organization, and has 
 repeatedly served as a delegate in county and State conven- 
 tions. He has often and favorably been spoken of for pub- 
 lic positions, and especially in 1880 for member of the 
 Legislature. 
 
 KELTON, James, born 1695, in Scotland, came from 
 the north of Ireland to this country prior to 1735, and re- 
 sided for a time in New London, afterwards purchasing 500 
 acres of land in Londongrove, near the present West Grove. 
 Here he built a house, which is still standing. His first 
 wife, Margaretta, born 1699, in Scotland, died at West 
 Grove, aged sixty-five, leaving no children. At the age of 
 seventy-five years he married Mary Hackett, aged eighteen, 
 of New Garden, near Avondale. He died in 1781, and 
 his widow married a Mr. Fryer and went to Tennessee. 
 By his will he directed that his son James should be taught 
 Latin and Greek if he desired it. 
 
 He left two children, James and Margaret. The latter 
 married John Menough, and died at the age of eighty-six 
 years. 
 
 James Kelton, Jr., born 1776, married Agnes Mackey, 
 daughter of David Mackey, Esq., of Londongrove, Feb. 7, 
 1793 ; was sheriff three years, served ten years in Assem- 
 bly and four in the Senate ; was the first postmaster at 
 West Grove, serving about twenty years, and died in 1844 
 at the age of sixty-eight years, leaving eleven children : 1. 
 David, b. Nov. 9-, 1794 ; m. Margaret Turner. 2. John 
 M., b. Feb. 1, 1793. 3. James, b. Aug. 1, 1796; m. 
 Mary Fulton. 4. Mary, b. May 1, 1798 ; m. David Jack- 
 son. 5. Robert, b. March 4, 1800 ; m. Margaretta Cun- 
 ningham. 6. Joseph, b. March, 1802 ; m. Phebe Essinger. 
 
 7. Agnes, b. September, 1805 ; m. Thomas F. Lambson. 
 
 8. Margaretta, b. July 12, 1812, died young. 9. George, 
 b. Jan. 24, 1810 ; m. Christiana Johnson. 10. Julia, died 
 young. 11. Rachel, b. Dec. 1, 1814 ; m. Elijah McClen- 
 achan. The mother died in 1823. 
 
 John M. Kelton was born in the same house as his 
 father ; was justice of the peace forty years, director of the 
 poor eleven, director and surveyor of the Chester County 
 Mutual Fire Insurance Company eighteen years, and was one 
 of the founders of Lincoln University. He married Eliza- 
 beth Correy, Dec. 10, 1818, and has two children,— Robert 
 C, (married to Martha E. Nelson) and Ellen (married to 
 James Mackey). Robert is postmaster at Kelton post- 
 office. 
 
 KENNEDY, Dft. Samuel, son of David, was a gentle- 
 man of culture and determined character, descended from 
 the Kennedys of Ayrshire, Scotland. In the possession 
 of a competence, he was patriotic from conviction, and was 
 among the first to proffer services in the cause of liberty. 
 Six months prior to the Declaration of Independence he 
 addressed the Continental Congress as follows : 
 
 " To the Honourable the Continental Gongress. 
 
 "Tbe Petition of Samuel Kennedy most respectfully showeth: 
 That your petitioner has been in the practice of physic and surgery 
 upwards of twenty years with reputation, and would cheerfully serve 
 his Country in the most acceptable manner his capacity and ability 
 will admit of. Therefore prays that your Honors would be pleased to 
 appoint him Surgeon to one of the Battallions now about to be raised. 
 
 "Saml. Kennedy. 
 
 "PhiladS Jan. 3, 1776." 
 
 On Jan. 19, 1776, in Committee of Safety, George 
 Clymer, President, it was " Resolved, That Doctor Samuel 
 Kennedy be appointed Surgeon to the Fourth Battalion 
 Pennsylvania Troops in the service of the United Colonies."- 
 In May, 1777, he was appointed " Senior Surgeon in the 
 Military Hospitals." In November, 1777, he was appointed 
 " Senior Surgeon and Physician in the General Hospital of 
 the Middle Department." These commissions are in pos- 
 session of his grandson, Joseph C. G. Kennedy. The 
 general hospital, under his charge at his death, had been 
 erected on the property of Dr. Kennedy, at the Yellow 
 Springs, a large structure, now occupied by the State for 
 its wards, the orphan children of soldiers of the Rebellion, 
 as is also the old mansion. The American army was for a 
 time quartered on the Yellow Springs property, while the 
 British occupied his homestead farm in the Great Valley, 
 both equally destructive. Dr. Kennedy accompanied Wayne's 
 army to Long Island, where he was retained with the main 
 army as senior surgeon, at Ticonderoga, and in the battles 
 fought on the borders of Canada. Returning with the army, 
 he was at the battle of Brandywine, the Valley Forge, the 
 affair at Paoli, and at the battle of Germantown, and super- 
 intended the hospital at Bethlehem. For his services he 
 neither asked nor received a dollar from the public treasury. 
 His letters to his wife from Long Island, Ticonderoga, and 
 other points, in possession of his grandson, are full of inter- 
 est, and bespeak the character of a Christian patriot, fond 
 husband, and affectionate parent. Dr. John Brown Cut- 
 ting, of the Revolutionary army, in a letter to John Ken- 
 nedy, of Tennessee, a son of the doctor, then a lawyer of 
 prominence, writes of his personal knowledge of the doctor's 
 services in the army, and in conclusion says, " I am bound 
 conscientiously to declare that a more useful, skillful, and 
 humane public service has seldom been executed. While 
 in the zealous performance of his medical duties he imbibed 
 a contagious hospital malady, which _ in two days carried 
 him off, June 28,* 1778, to the unspeakable grief of family 
 and friends. The melancholy duty devolved upon me of 
 committing to paper and witnessing his last will, and of 
 closing the eyes of one of the noblest surgeons and most 
 meritorious patriots that benefited and adorned the late 
 Revolutionary army." The wife of Dr. Kennedy was Sarah, 
 daughter of Job Ruston, of Penn's Manor, and sister to 
 Dr. Thomas Ruston, of Philadelphia. 
 
 * This should be tbe>-lVth. 
 
620 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Dr. Kennedy's children who survived him were Dr. 
 Thomas Ruston Kennedy, John Kennedy, Mary (Kinnard), 
 mother of George L. Kinnard, M.C. from Indiana, and 
 Sarah (Robinson), who died without issue. 
 
 In his will Dr. Kennedy bequeathed a sum of money to 
 be expended in building a stone wall around the graveyard 
 of CharlestoAvn meeting-house, where a neat monument 
 indicates the place of his burial, with the following inscrip- 
 tion : 
 
 " In memory of Doctor Samuel Kennedy, Physician of the General 
 Hospital, who departed this life June 17, A.D. 1778, in the 48th year 
 of his age. 
 
 "In him the Patriot, Scholar, Christian, Friend, 
 Harmonious met 'till Death his life did end : 
 The Church's Pupil, and the State his care, 
 A Physician skilful, and a Whig sincere. 
 Beneath this Tomb now sleeps his precious dust. 
 Till the last Trump reanimates the just." 
 
 Dr. Thomas Ruston Kennedy, born in Chester County 
 in 1763, was son of Dr. Samuel Kennedy, graduated at the 
 University of Pennsylvania, and studied medicine under 
 Dr. Morgan, of Philadelphia. In a letter of Governor Mif- 
 flin, Nov. 1 Y, 1794, to Maj. Denny, who had charge of troops 
 "to relieve the garrison at Le Beuf" (near Lake Erie), he 
 writes: "I have appointed Dr. Thomas Ruston Kennedy, 
 a young man of excellent character, surgeon of your Bat- 
 talion. You will be pleased to receive him, and- consider 
 him as my friend." Dr. Kennedy was subsequently sur- 
 geon to the troops under charge of Andrew Ellicott, who 
 constructed a fort at Presque Isle, and passed his life in 
 successive public posts of honor and responsibility, and one 
 of whose daughters subsequently became the wife of Dr. 
 Kennedy. On the organization of Crawford County, in 
 1800, Dr. Kennedy was by Governor McKean appointed 
 prothonotary and clerk of the courts, held by him until 
 1809. He was a man of great energy, and " affected more 
 the early progress of Western Pennsylvania than any other 
 man." He died at Meadville, March 24, 1813. 
 
 Thomas Kennedy, M.D., eldest son of Lieut. William 
 Kennedy, who perished in the conflict for national inde- 
 pendence, was born in Wallace, then a part of Nantmeal 
 township, in 1766. He assisted his widowed mother in her 
 struggle to rear her family of small children by laboring on 
 a farm until near his majority, when he commenced the 
 study of medicine under the direction of Dr. Harris, of In- 
 diantown. Having received his medical degree from the 
 University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Kennedy entered on the 
 practice of his profession in his native township, and in 
 1796 or 1797 became the successor of his preceptor. Dr. 
 Harris. Owing to his genial disposition and acknowledged 
 ability, he was extensively employed, and liis services were 
 called for over a section of country which is now occupied 
 by upwards of a dozen well-patronized physicians. 
 
 Dr. Kennedy was strongly opposed to a frequent and 
 often too ready use of the scalpel. On one occasion, when 
 physicians had been called for consultation, and amon" 
 them Dr. Sturgis, of Downingtown, it was decided that the 
 arm of the patient, which had been badly cut by a scythe, 
 must be amputated. This Dr. Kennedy, as the family phy- 
 sician, firmly resistedj and finally succeeded in saving the 
 limb. 
 
 While still comparatively young, Dr. Kennedy, to the 
 great regret of the many who had been benefited by his 
 medical skill, sank under an attack of typhus fever, in April, 
 1814. He left a family consisting of a wife and two sons 
 and a daughter, the last a posthumous child. His widow 
 died within the last decade, at the advanced age of ninety. 
 His eldest son, Thomas Jefferson, who has passed the al- 
 lotted threescore and ten, and the daughter, now a widow, 
 reside in the neighboring county of Berks. 
 
 Like most physicians of his day and too many of the 
 present, Dr. Kennedy left no record of either the nature 
 and treatment of many ailments and new types of disease 
 which tested his professional knowledge and experience, or 
 of the generally prevailing maladies for which he was often 
 called to afford relief This is to be regretted, as memo- 
 randa by him and others of a period when climatic changes 
 were less sudden, malarial fevers common, inoculation the 
 only prevention of smallpox, and delirium tremens un- 
 known, would have aided their medical successors and con- 
 tributed to the history of a portion of the county of which 
 many noteworthy incidents have sunk into oblivion. 
 
 Dr. John Kennedy (son of Capt. John Kennedy, 
 of Baltimore, Md., who served with distinction in the war of 
 1812), was born in the Monumental City, Feb. 13, 1800, 
 and was liberally educated in its classical schools. He sub- 
 sequently attended the University of Maryland (medical), 
 in which he was graduated in 1820. 
 
 For two years he was resident physician of the Balti- 
 more City Hospital. February, 1822, he settled in Oxford, 
 this county. He there grew rapidly into an extensive prac- 
 tice, and rose to eminence in his profession. He was mar- 
 ried May 18, 1826, to Mary, eldest daughter of Col. David 
 Dickey, of Hopewell, of this county. He was a charter 
 member of the Chester County Medical Society, organized 
 June 7, 1828, the first instituted in the State. He died. 
 May 28, 1838, leaving two sons and five daughters. The 
 eldest son. Dr. David D. Kennedy, resides at Oxford, and 
 the other, John M., is a practicing attorney of note at 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Dr. John Kennedy practiced medicine for sixteen years 
 at Oxford, and no one was more successful in gaining the 
 good will and respect of its people. He was a gentleman 
 of high literary attainments. The College of Baltimore 
 conferred upon him the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and at 
 this institution he had graduated with the first honors and 
 received his diploma at the early age of sixteen years. 
 
 KENT, Daniel, a cutler by trade, was the son of Wil- 
 liam and Annie Kent, of Limerick, Ireland. He was born 
 m 1765. In the twentieth year of his age, as business 
 was dull and he could not get constant employment, he de- . 
 termined to try his fortune in America. While searching 
 for work in Waterford, and failing to obtain any, he found 
 a vessel, the brigantine " Asia," about to sail for Philadel- 
 phia. He availed himself of this opportunity to come to 
 this country, and bound himself by indenture to John 
 Johnson, master, in the sum of ten pounds ten shillings, 
 British sterling money, as payment for passage, and what- 
 ever more money that might appear by receipts to be ad- 
 vanced for necessaries. This indenture was entered into 
 May 21, 1785. He arrived in Philadelphia July 26th, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 621 
 
 being nineweets and two days on the passage. On August 
 27th the said John Johnson, for the consideration of four- 
 teen pounds and ten shillings, in hand paid, signed over 
 the indenture to Joseph Hawley, he fulfilling the part 
 therein mentioned. And on the same papers a certificate 
 of Joseph Hawley, stating that the said Daniel Kent ful- 
 filled the indenture honestly, and that his conduct and 
 conversation has been orderly so far as came to his knowl- 
 edge. Signed by his hand the 26th day of 8th month, 1788. 
 In 1786, the next year after he arrived in this country, 
 a certificate was sent to him signed by about thirty persons, 
 stated to be men of consequence, certifying to his pious 
 education and good conduct, and that he departed from his 
 father without cause or compulsion, in a state of innocence, 
 without vice or blemish, and they certify that from their 
 knowledge of him while under his father's care he was 
 worthy of notice. 
 
 He was brought up in the Methodist persuasion, but 
 aft«r living with Joseph Hawley a few years, who was a 
 Friend, he became a member of the same meeting, and 
 finally married his daughter Esther. He afterwards pur- 
 chased a farm in East Fallowfield, where most of their 
 children, seven in number, were born, viz. : 1. William, 
 born 8, 3, 1792; married Ann Woodward, 10, 21, 1818; 
 died 10, 15, 1860. 2. Joseph, b. 6, 30, 1794 ; d 7, 13, 
 1863 ; m. Maria Jane Cook, 4, 29, 1824. 3. Elizabeth, 
 b. 4, 19, 1796 ; d. 8, 14, 1848 ; unmarried. 4. Anne, b. 
 
 6, 22, 1798; m. Oliver Furness, 3, 16, 1826. 5. Mary, 
 b. 12, 29, 1800 ; m. Mahlon Brosius, 8, 17, 1820. 6. 
 Daniel, b. 2, 22, 1803 ; m. Sarah Brosius, 9, 16, 1829. 
 
 7. Benjamin, b. 3, 23, 1805 ; m. Hannah Simmons, 12, 
 17, 1829. 
 
 Daniel, the elder, held the office of justice of the peace 
 by appointment of the Governor for about twenty years. 
 In 1790 he was received into the membership of Cain 
 Meeting.* He married Esther, daughter of Joseph and 
 Elizabeth Hawley, 4, 28, 1791, at Bradford Meeting. 
 She was born 2, 18, 1763, and died 10, 28, 1816. 
 
 William Kent, of East Fallowfield, son of Daniel 
 and Esther, married Ann Woodward, daughter of Thomas 
 and Mary, of East Marlborough, 10, 21, 1818,— the first 
 marriage in the new meeting-house. Ann, his wife, was 
 born 4, 9, 1795, and died in Upper Oxford, 6, 4, 1844 ; 
 she and her husband both interred at Penn's Grove. Their 
 children were,— 1. Esther H., b. 8, 26, 1819 ; d. 5, 19, 
 1843. 2. Thomas W., b. 5, 19, 1821. 3. Mary Ann, b. 
 6, 20, 1823; m. Charles Plumley, 3, 12, 1851. 4. Eliz- 
 abeth, b. 1, 20, 1826; d. 3, 2, 1863; unmarried. 5. 
 Daniel, b. 7, 29, 1828 ; m. Margaret Broomer, 12, 8, 1853. 
 6. William, b. 9, 24, 1832 ; m. Mary F. Kinsey, 11, 27, 
 1863. 7. Lewis P., b. 9, 13, 1836 ; d. 9, 4, 1843. 
 
 Joseph Kent, second son of Daniel and Esther, at the 
 time of his marriage (1824) was a resident of Deer Creek, 
 county of Harford, Md., and his wife's home before marriage 
 had been with her parents (Samuel and Jane Cook), in York 
 Co., Pa. Children of Joseph and Maria J. Kent : 1 . Esther 
 Jane, b. 3, 10, 1826 ; m. James Cloud, 3, 13, 1850. 2. 
 Mary Ann, b. 4, 21, 1828 ; m. John Barnar d, 3, 15, 1849. 
 
 * CertifieMe from Bradford to Kennet J 795 ; from K?nnet to Brad- 
 fortl, 1797; from Bradford to tondongrove, 4, 13; 179S. 
 
 3. Susanna H., b. 12, 15, 1829; m. William C. Worth- 
 ington, 2, 16, 1854. 4. Samuel, b. 6, 8, 1836. 5. Jesse 
 Warner, b. 8, 26, 1838 ; d. 3, 7, 1843. 6. Hadley, b. 2, 
 19, 1842. 7. Jesse Mira, b. 5, 3, 1844. 8. Margaret 
 H., b. 1, 24, 1850. 
 
 Maria Jane, wife of Joseph, born 11, 24, 1803 ; died 4, 
 25, 1881. 
 
 Daniel Kent, of East Fallowfield, son of Daniel and 
 Esther, married at Doe Run Meeting, 1829, Sarah, daughter 
 of Henry and Mary Brosius, of Upper Oxford. She was 
 born 10, 22, 1808. Their children were,— 1. Mary B., b. 
 7, 28, 1830. 2. Ann B., b. 1, 7, 1832 ; m. Isaac B. 
 Shoemaker. 3. Agnes J., b. 12, 25, 1832. 4. Henry 
 B., b. 10, 23, 1834. 5. Ruthanna, b. 3, 12, 1837. 6. 
 Win. L. Garrison, b. 3, 31, 1839 ; m. Elizabeth Shoemaker. 
 7. Mahlon B., b. 11, 14, 1841. 8. Thos. Elwood, b. 10, 
 30, 1848; d. 11, 14, 1853. 9. Sallie Ann, b. 10, 30, 
 1852 ; d. 4, 6, 1855, and buried at Penn's Grove. 
 
 Mahlon was appointed, 1873, Indian agent at Great Ne- 
 hama agency, a position he yet holds. 
 
 Benjamin Kent, seventh and youngest child of Daniel 
 and Esther, married Hannah Simmons, 1829. She was 
 born 2, 18, 1806, and was the daughter of Rachel Sharp- 
 less, wife of Nathan Sharpless by second marriage, of 
 Henry Simmons by first marriage, formerly a Preston, from 
 Bucks County, but removed and settled in Chester County. 
 She was a preacher of the Society of Friends for more than 
 sixty years, and her son John started and conducted for 
 thirty years the Locust Street, Philadelphia, Female Insti- 
 tute. The children of Benjamin and Hannah : 1. Rachel 
 S., b. 12, 4, 1830 ; d. 5, 28, 1854, buried at West Grove. 
 2. Henry S., b. 3, 8, 1833 ; m. Patience Webster, 3, 17, 
 1859. 3. Esther, b. 10, 22, 1835 ; d. 5, 13, 1873 ; m. 
 Dr. R. C. Smedley, 1862. She commenced the Children s 
 Friend, in West Chester, in 1866, and edited it until her 
 death, after which it was conducted for some time by her 
 sister, Annie F. 4. Daniel H., b. 10, 22, 1835. 5. Anne 
 F., b. 8, 19, 1838 ; m. Caleb H. Bradley ; d. 7, 26, 1879. 
 
 6. Benjamin Lundy, b. 2, 20, 1841 ; m. Sarah Aitkins. 
 
 7. Lindley Coates, b. 3, 25, 1844. 8. John Simmons, b. 
 
 8. 7, 1847. 
 
 KERSEY, William, of York, in the county of York, 
 Pa., late from North Carolina, son of William and Elizabeth 
 Kersey, deceased, was married at the former place, 9, 8, 
 1767, to Hannah Bennett. Her parents, Joseph and 
 Rebecca Bennett, were natives of Chester County. Wil- 
 liam Kersey became a prominent member of York Meet- 
 ing, was appointed an elder in 1775, and clerk of the 
 Monthly Meeting in 1776. In 1787 he was clerk of 
 Warrington Quarterly Meeting. Several years afterwards, 
 being somewhat unsettled in his prospects, he received a 
 certificate from York Monthly Meeting for himself and 
 family, addressed to Friends wherever he might come. 
 This, in 1805, he produced to Uwchlan Monthly Meeting, 
 Chester County. The time and place of his decease have 
 not been noticed. 
 
 Jesse Kersey, an eminent minister in the Society of 
 Friends, was born at York, Pa., 8th mo. 5, 1768. His 
 parents, William and Hannah Kersey, were members of 
 the society, and eodeavored to rear their son according to 
 
622 
 
 HISTOKY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 the principles which they professed. This was a somewhat 
 difScult task, as he was much exposed to the corrupting in- 
 fluence of vicious company, but by their watchful care he 
 was in a great measure preserved from the evils which were 
 common among the children of the place. 
 
 In the spring of 1784 he went to Philadelphia, and en- 
 gaged himself as an apprentice to learn the trade of a pot- 
 ter. When about the age of seventeen he appeared in 
 public as a minister, having some time previous received a 
 clear impression that his duty in life was not to be confined 
 to a private sphere, and, having submitted to the call, " the 
 serene and quiet state" that he experienced upon taking 
 his seat after his first appearance was, to his mind, conclu- 
 sive evidence that he had not mistaken his duty. After his 
 first appearing in the ministry, he remained in the city 
 about four years. In 1Y89, having completed his appren- 
 ticeship, he left Philadelphia and opened a school in East 
 Cain township, Chester Co., in the fall of that year. 
 
 On the 26th of 5th month, 1790, he was united in mar- 
 riage with Elizabeth, daughter of Moses Coates, and re- 
 moved to York, his native place, and engaged in his trade 
 of a potter. In this business he continued until 1794, 
 when, not succeeding very well, he again took up his resi- 
 dence in East Cain township, Chester Co. Here he carried 
 on his trade for a time, but finding his health injured by 
 it, he relinquished the business and opened a school. 
 
 He soon afterwards felt himself called on a religious visit 
 from home, and spent about four weeks among Friends in 
 Northern Pennsylvania. He next visited Friends in Mary- 
 land, Virginia, and North Carolina, and attended the Yearly 
 Meeting in this latter State. In this tour he spent three 
 months, and traveled about seventeen hundred miles. This 
 journey was performed in the fall of 1795. He next 
 visited Friends in New Jersey, where he spent about six 
 
 In the spring of 1797 he purchased a farm in the neigh- 
 borhood of Downingtown, to which he removed, and became 
 a member of Uwchlan Monthly Meeting. Between the 
 years 1797 and 1804 he made religious visits to several 
 difibrent places, and was received with great notice and at- 
 tention. In the latter year he felt a concern to go on a re- 
 ligious visit to Friends in England and Ireland, and, it being 
 united with by the Yearly Meeting, he embarked in the 
 8th month, 1804. In this journey, which occupied one 
 year, he visited and preached extensively in England and 
 Ireland, and returned home in the 9th month, 1805. 
 
 He was afterwards extensively engaged in the ministry 
 within the Philadelphia and other Yearly Meetings, and in 
 1814 again visited the. South, under a concern in especial 
 relation to the system of American slavery, and the mode 
 of deliverance from its evil consequences. He called on 
 President Madison, and conversed with him on the subject. 
 The President informed him that the only probable method 
 which he could see to remedy the evil would be for the dif- 
 ferent States to be willing to receive the slaves, and thus 
 they would be spread among the industrious and practical 
 farmers, and their habits, education, and condition would be 
 improved. He traveled extensively in Virginia, held meet- 
 ings, and conversed with the people on the subject, and 
 found' that among intelligent men slavery was regarded as 
 
 an oppressive evil, and that if any plan could be devised 
 that would promise a freedom from its cumber, it would, 
 provided it were safe in its operation and could be effected 
 without loss to the owners, be joyfully embraced. That 
 although the subject was viewed as being well-nigh hope- 
 less, the remedy which seemed the least objectionable was 
 for the general government to provide funds to remunerate 
 the owners, and let the slaves be spread over the United 
 States. He was received with kindness, and the subject 
 freely discussed with him. 
 
 In 1824, finding himself becoming too much involved in 
 debt, he sold the farm whereon he had resided for twepty- 
 seven years. He some time after removed to West Cbester, 
 where he engaged in the business of conveyancing, and ob- 
 tained the office of postmaster. His wife died 9th mo. 9, 
 1829. He afterwards removed to Philadelphia, and com- 
 menced a small tea-store, but finding that he could not 
 stand on anything like a reasonably independent footing, he 
 left the city and returned to Chester County. 
 
 In the separation which took place in the Society of 
 Friends in 1827 he adhered to what is known in common 
 parlance as the " Hicksite" branch, but the unhappy di- 
 vision was a source of great grief to him, and he took but 
 little part in the disputes to which it gave rise. 
 
 He continued to perform religious visits among Frjgnds, 
 often of considerable extent, and preached to crowded 
 houses wherever he went. In the fall of 1845 he pro- 
 ceeded under a concern to visit the families of Friends of 
 Kennet Monthly Meeting, of which he was then a member. 
 His strength failing him before its completion, he returned 
 to his home, and died on the 26th of 10th month, 1845, 
 in the seventy-eighth year of his age. He was interred in 
 Friends' burying-ground in West Chester, in the presence 
 of a very large assemblage. 
 
 Jesse Kersey was a man of extraordinary endowments. 
 As a minister, he was remarkably qualified to enlist the at- 
 tention of his hearers, to fix their minds upon the glorious 
 and-sublime truths of the Christian religion, and often was 
 he followed and admired by crowds of gratified auditors not 
 of his own persuasion. The enunciation that Jesse Kersey 
 would be present was sure to attract a crowded congrega- 
 tion. In the morning of his promise and the meridian of 
 his day of usefulness his society was courted by the wise 
 and the learned ; his affability of manners, his grave and 
 dignified deportment, the soundness of his principles, the 
 beauty and simplicity of his style of address, heightened in 
 their effect by the depth of his devotional feelings, gave an 
 interest and a charm which gained him many admirers. 
 The moralist and the philosopher, the learned and the un- 
 lettered, the man of books and the man of business, as well 
 as the religious devotee of his own sect, charmed by his 
 pleasing manner and intelligent exposition, heard and loved 
 to listen. Those who heard him at this period of his life 
 will never forget the power of his eloquence. It has been 
 acknowledged by competent persons that within or without 
 the Society of Friends in England or America, no more 
 gratified and impressive powers of sacred eloquence have 
 been heard than those that proceeded from the lips of Jesse 
 Kersey. 
 
 On his visit to England his path was, for some time after 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 623 
 
 his arrival in that country, overshadowed by a cloud, and 
 his efforts failed. Fame had sounded her clarion before 
 him, heralding his approach. But as he visited the differ- 
 ent meetings throughout the land disappointment sat on 
 every brow, and cold civility chilled his heart. Eventually, 
 however, the cloud dispersed, the occultation was over, the 
 eclipse was past, delighted and deeply-affected crowds gath- 
 ered around him, and he made the tour of proud and pol- 
 ished England in all the triumph of victorious eloquence. 
 
 In his common intercourse among men he was uniformly 
 guarded in his expressions, and some useful lesson of in- 
 struction was ordinarily blended in his discourse. It has 
 been said of him that he was a man that never talked non- 
 sense ; he was cheerful, without the accompaniment of light- 
 ness or levity ; there was a dignity and nobleness about him 
 that commanded respect, and gave evidence of an exalted 
 aim. 
 
 This bright, gifted, and eloquent servant of God was not, 
 however, exempt from human frailty, and during a portion 
 of his life his capacity for usefulness was somewhat weak- 
 ened, and the brightness of his renown for a time eclipsed ; 
 but it was his consolation in the evening of life to believe 
 that, amidst all his weakness and trials, his disappointments 
 and afflictions, of which he had many, he had never been 
 wholly forsaken by the beneficent author of his being, in 
 whom he trusted. He recovered from the infirniity which 
 had beset him (which had been induced by disease and 
 pernicious medical treatment), and the life and services of 
 his latter years, if without their earlier strength and bright- 
 ness, shed a mild and benignant light as he sank to his 
 final rest. 
 
 Jesse Kersey was a man of remarkable purity and sim- 
 plicity of character, and a most amiable spirit of benevo- 
 lence seemed ever to peiTade his breast. He went down to 
 the grave at a good old age, with the benedictions of thou- 
 sands, and, it is believed, without the enmity of one living 
 being. 
 
 His children were as- follows: Hannah, b. 3, 29, 1791, 
 d. 4, 2, 1877, m. Ezra Cope, Benjamin Hannah, and Ste- 
 phen Fish, and died at Kingston, Mo.; Lydia, b. 11, 24, 
 1792, d. 12, 24, 1836, m. Ziba Vickers; Mary, b. 5, 19, 
 1795j d. 10, 28, 1816; Joseph, b. 6, 14, 1797, d. 9, 9, 
 1827, m. Charity Cope ; Rachel, b. 1, 29, 1800, d. 11, 11, 
 1815 ; Sarah, b. 11, 13, 1802, d. 9, 23, 1814 ; Jesse, b. 1, 
 21, 1805, d. 1, 23, 1827 ; William, b. 9, 9, 1807, d. 1, 7, 
 1829; Elizabeth R., b. 11, 1, 1809, d. 8, 12, 1820 ; Ann, 
 b. 4, 22, 1812, d. 8, 19, 1820 ; Esther, b. 9, 3, 1815, d. 
 3, 4, 1818. 
 
 KIMBLE John Kimble, or Kemble, in 1783 pur- 
 chased 187 acres of the McKean land, in New London, and 
 died prior to 1812, leaving children,— James, William, 
 John, Samuel, Mary, Isaac, Jane, and George. Samuel 
 and George owned considerable land, and lived at what is 
 now Kimbleville, so named from the family. George kept 
 store there a long time, and died April 22, 1856. Samuel 
 died suddenly, March 3, 1859. 
 
 KINNARD, AsHER Miner, was born in December, 
 1840. In the fall of 1861 he enlisted in Company C (Paoli 
 Guards) of the 97th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 At the time the company was being formed he was learning 
 
 the trade of a machinist at the shops of Edge T. Cope, 
 East Bradford ; in company with David Taylor he walked 
 to West Chester, and both joined the same company, and 
 afterwards fought side by side. He served with his com- 
 pany and regiment until Jan. 18, 1864, when, at his own 
 request, he was transferred to the 3d U. S. Regular Ar- 
 tillery, and in that branch of the service participated in the 
 battles of Drury's Bluff, Green Plains, and the siege of 
 Petersburg. He was discharged Sept. 17, 1864, after serv- 
 ing three years and six days in defense of his country. 
 After the close of the war he resumed his trade, working 
 in many of the largest machine-shops in the country. He 
 for a time engaged in agricultural pursuits, but latterly em- 
 barked in the gunsmithing and hardware business in West 
 Chester, where he was an active member of several promi- 
 nent organizations, being at the time of his death Worship- 
 ful Master of the West Chester Lodge of F. and A. M., 
 and chief engineer of the Fame Fire Company. He died 
 June 5, 1880. 
 
 KING, John. — Among the many emigrants to Penn- 
 sylvania between 1735 and 1740, from Germany, was 
 Michael King (then written Koenig), a native of Witten- 
 berg, who located in West Pikeland township, near Pike- 
 land church. He was born in 1714, and was the son of 
 a baron in the Fatherland. Upon his eldest brother suc- 
 ceeding to the real estate, he took his part of the patrimony 
 in money and came to the New World, the others of his 
 family remaining in Germany. He purchased 160 acres in 
 Pikeland, 300 acres in Charlestown, and a tract in Uwch- 
 lan. His children were Lawrence, John, Philip, Conrad, 
 Mary (m. John Moses), and Catharine (m. John George 
 Snyder). Of these, John married Maria Snyder, and had 
 the following children : John, Elizabeth (m. George Moses), 
 Philip, and George. He married, second, Elizabeth Wagoner, 
 by whom he had two daughters, — Catharine, m. to Samuel 
 Griffith, and Anna, m. to John Funderwhyte. George mar- 
 ried Catharine, daughter of Isaac Smith, by whom he had 
 the following children : Isaac, Samuel, Thomas, Abraham, 
 John, Mary Ann, m. to John Fry, Sarah, died unmar- 
 ried ; and George. 
 
 In 1771, the Pikeland Lutheran Church was estab- 
 lished. Michael King, the emigrant, gave the land upon 
 which it was erected, and otherwise contributed most 
 liberally to its construction. He was an active patriot in 
 the Revolutionary war, and freely aided the colonists in 
 their struggles for independence. He died in 1790. The 
 King family were thrifty agriculturists, and John the 
 elder was an active business man. His grandson John, the 
 son of George, was born in Charlestown township, April 9, 
 1822, and when four years old removed with his parents to 
 Pikeland. Here in the subscription schools he was well 
 educated, and prepared himself for a teacher, and taught 
 for some time. He married, Sept. 28, 1843, Rebecca, 
 daughter of William and Mary (Brownback) Einrey, who 
 came of an old and respected family. Her father, William, 
 was a substantial farmer of Pikeland, a good and public- 
 spirited citizen, often called upon to fill positions of trust 
 and honor. They have had one child, William Albert, 
 who was born July 22, 1844, and married Mary E. Hall- 
 man, by whom he has two children,, John De Angeli and 
 
624 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 '9mA. /fuip 
 
 Orville Tilden. John King, some four years after his mar- 
 riage, purchased the farm, in the southeast part of West 
 Pilceland, on which he has since resided, and upon which, 
 in 1877, he erected a new residence. Mr. King has ever 
 been an active Democrat, and in 1866 was the nominee 
 of his party for the Legislature, receiving the largest vote 
 of any one on his ticket, and the almost unanimous vote of 
 his township. He has also been honored with nominations 
 for county treasurer and auditor, and called upon to fill 
 nearly all the township oflSces. He served one term in the 
 school board, and has been four times elected justice of the 
 peace. He is much engaged in conveyancing and settling 
 estates, but retired from active agricultural pursuits, his 
 farm being carried on by his son. He belongs with his 
 family to the Pikeland Lutheran Church. The King family 
 is noted for its religious ancestry, men of culture and good 
 business qualifications. The original King homestead, 
 where John's grandfather, John, was born, is still in the 
 family name. Squire King is highly esteemed in Chester 
 County, and enjoys the confidence of the community. In 
 January, 1881, he was elected a director of the Phoenix- 
 ville National Bank. 
 
 KIRK, Alphonsds, son of Roger Kirk, of Lurgan, 
 Ireland, took passage from Belfast 11, 11, 1688, and 
 landed at Jamestown, Va., 1st month (March) 12th, fol- 
 lowing. He came to Pennsylvania 3, 29, 1689. On the 
 23d of 12th month (Feb.), 1692-3, he married Abigail, 
 daughter of Adam and Mary Sharpley, of Shelpot Creek,^ 
 New Castle Co., and settled near what is now Centre- 
 ville, in- that county. The meeting-house there was built 
 
 upon his land. He died 7, 7, 1745, and his wife in 1748. 
 Their children were Roger, b. 1, 21, 1694, d. 1, 19, 1762; 
 Elizabeth, b. 4, 23, 1695, m. Daniel Brown ; Jonathan, 
 b. 11, 15, 1697, d. 9, 1, 1735; Mary, b. 8, 31, 1698, d. 
 1, 29, 1699; Deborah, b. 11 mo., 1699, d. 7, 23, 1704; 
 Abigail, b. 7th mo., 1701, d. 7, 29, 1704 ; Timothy, b. 3, 6, 
 1704, d. 8, 19, 1704; Alphonsus, b. 8, 2, 1705, d. 1, 1, 
 1730-1 ; Adam, b. 3, 1, 1707, d. 10, 8, 1774 ; William, 
 b. 1, 4, 1708, d. 3, 2, 1787 ; Timothy, b. 5, 1, 1711 ; d. 5, 
 2,1786. 
 
 Of these children, Roger removed to Nottingham, and 
 William and Timothy settled in Pikeland. William was 
 twice married, and had nineteen children. His son Isaiah 
 was a leading citizen of that neighborhood. His daughter 
 Rachel became the wife of Philip Price, of whom a sketch 
 is given elsewhere. 
 
 The following family record has been furnished us, but 
 we are not informed of the relationship to the family 
 already mentioned. The children of Timothy Kirk, born 
 in Ireland, were as follows: Deborah, b. 7, 5, 1677 ; Sam*- 
 uel, b. 10, 15, 1678; Jacob, b. 10, 30, 1680; Sarah, b. 
 8, 9, 1682 ; Joseph, b. 1, 23, 1685 ; Roger, b. 2, 31, 1686; 
 John, b. 10, 31, 1687 ; Ruth, b. 7, 29, 1690 ; Jane, b. 7, 
 18, 1692. 
 
 Roger Kirk, who was perhaps the son of this Timothy, 
 came to Pennsylvania as early as 1712, and about 1714 
 married Elizabeth Richards, of New Garden. He settled 
 in Nottingham, and died 3, 28, 1761. His children were 
 Mary, Timothy, William, Elizabeth, Deborah, Eebecea, and 
 Samuel. A genealogy of this family has been published.. 
 
DANIEL KEELEY. 
 
 The Keeley family was originally 
 from Germany, and first settled in 
 what is now Montgomery County, 
 and subsequently in Chester. Con- 
 rad Keeley, son of the emigrant, 
 married Margaret Langbaugh, an 
 estimable and intelligent lady. 
 Their son John married Rebecca 
 Chrisman, an active business 
 woman, and greatly interested in 
 the cause of temperance, in which 
 she was an early pioneer. Their 
 eldest son and second child was Dan- 
 iel Keeley, born Sept. 8, 1824, in 
 the house in which he now resides 
 and on the farm where his ances- 
 tors settled. His father, John, who 
 built this house in 1819 and the 
 barn in 1820, died in 1853, and his 
 wife in 1875. Daniel was reared 
 on the homestead place, where he 
 has ever lived, and in its neighbor- 
 hood was educated at the common 
 schools, lie was married Jan. 1, 
 1850, to Catharine B., daughter of 
 Benjamin and Mary (Benner) Hart- 
 man, of East Pikeland township. 
 From this union have been born six 
 children, all living, viz. : Mary R., 
 married to 0. M. Philips, of East 
 Nantmeal ; Clara Y.. married to 
 A. M. F. Stiteler, of West Vincent; 
 Esther M., married to S. W. Todd ; 
 Maggie May, married to Charles 
 K. Knight, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ; 
 John B. } and Francis Marion. He 
 belongs, with his family, to Wind- 
 sor Baptist Church. He served for 
 
 
 sixteen years as a school director, 
 and repeatedly in other township 
 positions of trust and honor. He 
 has always taken great interest in 
 politics, and is a Democrat in his 
 views. He spent two winters on 
 the Christian Commission in at- 
 tending to the spiritual and tem- 
 poral wants of the United States 
 soldiers in Virginia in the war of 
 the Rebellion, and his services 
 proved of great benefit. He is a 
 farmer, but pays special attention 
 to dairying, and has now com- 
 menced the culture of tobacco on 
 his farm of one hundred and fifty 
 acres. 
 
 He has been a member of the 
 Independent Order of Odd-Fel- 
 lows for twenty-five years, and is 
 at present a member of Pilgrims' 
 Lodge, No. 455, at Lionville. He 
 is also connected with the Patrons 
 of Husbandry, Grand Lodge, No, 
 53, at Edgefield. He has ever been 
 a consistent temperance man, and 
 manifested a deep interest in this 
 reformatory cause. Has been a 
 director in the Phoenixville Na- 
 tional Bank, and is now one in 
 the Pickering Valley Railroad. 
 His grandfather and great-grand- 
 father were ardent patriots in the 
 Revolutionary war, and warmly es- 
 poused the side of the struggling 
 colonies, and with their spirit and 
 love of country he is in full unison 
 and accord. 
 
 ItBSIDBNCB AND FARM OF DANIEL KEELEY, UPPER TJWCHLAN. 
 
John Knauer, the first of his 
 ,mily in America, emigrated from 
 ermany, settled in "Warwick town- 
 lipj and erected the first saw- 
 id grist-mill in Knauerton, the 
 Jlage named in his honor. His 
 )n David married Catharine Kime, 
 id to them were born four sons 
 id six daughters, of whom Davis 
 as the third son and eighth child. 
 e was born Jan. 26, 1826, and 
 arried, in 1857, Sarah Amanda,, 
 lugbter of John Roberts. To 
 lem were born eleven children, 
 tree deceased, and the following 
 ght living, viz. : Ida Kate, Annie, 
 [ary, David, George, Morris, Ber- 
 la, and Elizabeth. His father, 
 avid, was a, farmer, miller, and 
 one-mason. Davis was raised on 
 le farm. When he was sixteen 
 ears old he constructed one of 
 Le first elder-mills in which 
 irapers were used. He was some 
 in or twelve years largely en- 
 Eiged in the manufacture of cider, 
 laking for two years over five 
 tousand barrels annually. He 
 urchased the property where he 
 ow lives and built two houses and 
 70 barns. Since then he has 
 sen largely engaged in the lumber 
 [isiuess, manufacturing thresh- 
 ig- and mowing-machines, horse- 
 ikes, etc. His homestead farm 
 
 /?W. 
 
 ^.-/>t^ /l^Mux-^y^~e^ 
 
 consists of ono hundred and three 
 acres. At present he is engaged 
 extensively in the charcoal trade. 
 He has built two forges, oni of 
 which he operated four years. They 
 are now both rented; in 1879 be 
 furnished one of them, the Soug- 
 lasrille Forge, with one hundred 
 and sixty thousand bushels of char- 
 coal, and in ISSO, one hundred and 
 fifty thousand bushels. He fur- 
 nishes this year the French Creek 
 Forge some sixty thousand bushels. 
 He owns over three thousand acres 
 of timber lands in Warwick and 
 Coventry townships jind in Berks 
 County. He has cut from these 
 lands yearly about seven thousand 
 cords of wood to burn charcoal. He 
 is a Republican in politics, but has 
 never sought office, preferring to 
 attend to his large and varied busi- 
 ness. 
 
 He attends, with his family, 
 the St. Peter's Eeformed Lutheran 
 Church. His post-office is St. 
 Peter's. He has engaged in build- 
 ing to a very large extent, and has 
 added most largely to the material 
 prosperity of his village (Knauer- 
 ton) and its neighborhood. His 
 business gives employment to over 
 fifty hands, and makes him one of 
 the leading men of Northern Ches- 
 ter County. 
 
 "THE FALLS OF 7SEBCH CSXEK" 
 
 MGC. £/■/«. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AJND UENEALUWIUAL. 
 
 625 
 
 LAMBORN, Robert, son of Josiah and Ann, of Berk- 
 Bhire, was one of the early and prominent settlers in Lon- 
 dongrove township, where he died 11, 22, 1775. His 
 children were Robert, b. 6, 3, 1723, d. 12th mo., 1801 ; 
 William, b. 10, 31, 1725, m. Sarah Hayes ; Ann, b. 8, 8, 
 1728, m. Samuel Fisher ; Elizabeth, b. 11, 31, 1730, m. 
 Thomas Fisher ; Francis, b. 1, 8, 1733 ; John, b. 12, 15, 
 1736 ; Thomas, b. 3, 9, 1738 ; Josiah, b. 3, 9, 1738, ra. 
 Sarah Jackson ; Sarah, b. 2, 21, 1741, m. Griffith Men- 
 denhall. 
 
 Robert Lamborn, Jr., married Ann, daughter of Jesse 
 and Alice Bourne, of Patusent, Md., and had fourteen 
 children. His son Robert married Martha, daughter of 
 John and Joanna Tovenseud, of East Bradford, and had 
 children, — Joanna, Ann, Townsend, Sarah, Jesse, Susanna, 
 Mary, Margaret, Martha, and Robert. 
 
 He was born 4, 8, 1751, and died 12, 7, 1817. The 
 following bit of family history was written by him : 
 
 " 20th of 3* m° 18 H. — That which hath often occupied my thought 
 for some years past, this day opened to view with such olearnesa in 
 manner & form y^ 1 was induced to make the iirst attempt to select 
 some occurrences from the stretch of memory A otherwise as I may be 
 enabled in order to leave for the observance of posterity with a hope 
 yt my intentions may be collected & understood. 
 
 " A Genealogical sketch of our family which have been collected 
 from tradition from record and from recollection, designed for the 
 information & satisfaction of posterity who may be inclined to en- 
 quire who their progenitors were — with some observations, remarks 
 & occurrences of my life for more than half a century. 
 
 " First, my Grandfather's Name was Robert Lamborn & one of the 
 sons of Josiah Lamborn of Berkshire in Old England who in or 
 about the seventeenth year of his age obtained the consent of his 
 father to come to America, his mother having been friendly to his 
 embarcage with some friends who came from Europe about two years 
 before; with whom he had contracted a friendly intercourse; And 
 now having obtained bis fathers approbation also. And he said he 
 was accompanied to London by his parents & there they bid a final fare- 
 well to each other— they strewing their tears up street in their return 
 And he in a forlorn and broken manner plentil'ully strewed his tears 
 as he passed down street to the ship in which he took his passage, and 
 arrived in Philadelphia in America in the year 1713; and for some 
 years he lived in and about Darby, Chester, &o. with u. respectable 
 family. The man's name was W™ Horn whose patronage proved 
 highly beneficial to him in the first adventures of life, both as a guar- 
 dian & a father to a destitute youth, & a stranger in a strange Land ; 
 and he having arrived more fully to maturity & being disposed to 
 iuake some settlement in y^ world, he with the advice of his old friend 
 W™ Horn & others purchased a Lot of Land in the then wilderness, 
 in the township of Londongrove & about one half mile west of that 
 meeting house in the County of Chester. And at that time knew him- 
 self to be the farthest West white inhabitant in Amei-ica, with one 
 exception which was about four miles farther W. lived a man of the 
 name of Banthro on the land since known and occupied by Joseph 
 Fennock & Levis his son, both men of my knowledge. 
 
 " And after having made some improvements in clearing the ground 
 4 .cultivating the soil of the Wilderness & building a hut or oabbin, 
 antient conclusions revived in his mind that it was not good for man 
 to be alone. Therefore he paid his addresses to a Daughter of Fran- 
 cis Swayn the friend from Europe under whose charge his mother 
 was want to have placed him to have come to America as noted 
 before. 
 
 " It may be some information here to observe the situation & dispo- 
 sition of our Society in that day. As my Grand father was born a 
 member t Baptised as such agreeable to the usual customs & ceremo- 
 nies of the established Episcopal Church of England & had not 
 requested to become a member of the Society of friends, yet was 
 admitted to & Indulge! in the performance of his marriage wilh a 
 member of our society in. the then usual mode in practice amongst 
 frd". All the certificate he had (as I was informed) was the vocal tes- 
 timony of his old patron A frd. W"> Horn who informed the meeting 
 
 '79' 
 
 that he had been long acquainted with Rob' Lamborn & knew him to 
 be a sober young mar, A therefore he was admitted to accomplish his 
 marriage with Sarah the Daughter of Francis Swayne on the fifth day 
 of the Eighth month (at this time the 10"' m" as March was then y" 
 first m") in the year 1722. And having no farther right as a member 
 of our society until after the birth of my father, which was the eldest, 
 and one other son was born, which must have been some years A 
 through the whole course of this time bared of none of the privilidges 
 of the Society. But here it became observed by some frd that there 
 was no record of his admission & it was thought most advisable for 
 him to make a formal request for himself & his two minor children. 
 This advice being comply'd with he & they then became acknowledged 
 members of our Society as from the records of Newgarden Monthly 
 Meeting may more fully appear. Here was his settlement early in 
 life, early in the Cultivation of the wilds of America, and as it were 
 on the margin of civilised society, the Indian natives being his near- 
 est neighbours & his most frequent visitants, of whom my Gr* father 
 spoke high in favor of their veracity, hospitality and social inter- 
 course; all in the greatest harmony and confidence. Their customs 
 were then as have been their practice since in their native state to de- 
 pend on the chase in the forest or wilderness for their sustenance & 
 supply of provisions & clothing; what a toilsome mode of obtaining 
 what to them was everything. And in these their excursions fre- 
 quently wet cold & weary & ofttimes after night & perhaps almost all 
 hours of the night would use the freedom to open the door, rouse up 
 the fire, cook roast or broil of their venison, regale themselves & then 
 stretch down on y' floor, feet to the fire &, in this situation they were 
 frequently found by the old Patriarch, my grandfather, in the morn- 
 ing, & sometimes to the number of 6. ..8. ..or 10. 
 
 "What native socialty— No fears on either side — all friendship and 
 a benevolent disposition cherished in the fullest confidence to comfort 
 and oblige one another. Now rouse up stretch their stifiened & weary 
 limbs then relate in turn of their good or bad fortune of the proceed- 
 ing day. All were sharers with the fortunate if one only was lucky 
 all shared alike in the remainder of ye Game as they frequently took 
 a part with them for present needs &, left the rest suspended on the top 
 of a saplin bent. Oft times Lobats horse must go for the venison 
 (this was their mode of pronouncing Robert) but Lobat was sure to 
 obtain his share with them freely given ; And sometimes ' you, Lobet, 
 Go bring Indian vension, Indian tired go bring im — up such a run or 
 such a Creek yonder hill or valley you find 'im.'" 
 
 LARKIN, John, a resident in Chichester in 1724, was 
 married, Oct. 29, 1731, to Esther, daughter of Roger Shel- 
 ley, of Chichester, and in after-years was a forgeman at 
 Sarum Iron- Works, in Thornbury. He and his wife be- 
 came members of the Society of Friends in 1744, and 
 many of their descendants continue to hold the same pro- 
 fession. 
 
 Of the children of John and Esther Larkin, of Bethel, 
 William was married, 10, 7, 1756, to Jane Smedley ; Eliz- 
 abeth, m. 12, 30, 1761, to John Coebourn ; Prudence, m. 
 Joseph Way; Joseph, m. Ann Salkeld ; Isaac, b. 8, 25, 
 1744, m. Sarah Brinton and Rachel Way ; Phebe, m. to 
 William Miluor. 
 
 Joseph Larkin married Ann, the daughter of John and 
 Elizabeth Salkeld, and granddaughter of John and Agnes 
 Salkeld, of Chester. She was born 9, 27, 1747. Joseph 
 died 8, 13, 182G, aged 87 years. Their children were 
 John, Elizabeth, Sarah, Joseph, Nathan, and Salkeld. Of 
 these, John m. 3, 18, 1789, Martha Thomas, b. 2, 22, 1765, 
 daughter of Isaac and Mary, of Willistown. Their chil- 
 dren were Isaac, Thomas, Joseph, Ann, Mary, Mordecai, 
 Eliza, Townsend T., John, Martha, and Hannah. 
 
 MoEDECAi Larkin was born in Concord township, Dela- 
 ware Co., 9th mo. 31, 1797. He learned the milling busi- 
 ness in Chichester, and in the spring of 1825 purchased a 
 farm and mills in what is now Upper Uwchlan township, 
 Chester Co. In 1820 he. married Sarah Rogers^ of Chi- 
 
626 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 
 t/rZ? e^^Ct^i^yiyi^ 
 
 Chester, by whom he had seven children, all now living ex- 
 cept one. His wife and companion of sixty years died 
 5th mo. 10, 1880. He has been a diligent reader, deeply 
 interested in natural science, philosophy, and metaphysical 
 inquiries. His recollections extend over all of the present 
 century, and would form a history of themselves if written. 
 He has written many poetical efifusions, which have been 
 published in the county press, one of which is subjoined : 
 
 REPLY TO AN ANGEL MOTHER. 
 From where the blest in joy and rapture dwell, 
 Oar angel mother comes her love to tell. 
 A mother's love ! What language can unfold ? 
 More prized than silver or refined gold. 
 What word or title earth can boast or claim 
 So sweet as Mother ? Heaven-invented name ! 
 A thousand loves lie wrecked within the past, 
 But thine shall live; thy truth forever last. 
 How recollection strongly calls to view 
 The painful scene when thy kind shade withdrew. 
 In hopeless grief I mourned around thy grave. 
 And saw the grass above thy bosom wave j 
 Thus pale in death, and fled from mortal eyes, 
 I little thought to greet thee from the skies; 
 Truth's lamp I sought, yet destined still to find 
 Conflicting creeds; the sigfatless lead the blind. 
 How vain are creeds, while unrevealcd the doom 
 Of friends and kindred fled beyond the tomb ! 
 When angel hands had rent death's midnight veil. 
 Thou wert the first thy wandering son to hail. 
 Thy angel form, though hidden from my view, 
 Vain were my doubts ! Thy gentle words I knew ; 
 With joyful heart, and freed from death's alarm, 
 I saw the grave possessed no power to harm. 
 Next thy kind consort joined thy aid in this, 
 To cheer my passage and enhance my bliss; 
 ITnlooked-for bliss ! The gulf of death is spanned ! 
 ^e greet with jqy the '' white-robed angel band." 
 
 With rapture learn the wisdom from above, 
 Our teachers thank with gratitude and love. 
 Let purer praise than mortal bards can sing. 
 From earth ascend to Heaven's Eternal King. 
 
 LATTA, Rev. Francis A., the oldest son of Rev. Dr. 
 James Latta, was born April 27, 1766. He was ordained 
 as a Presbyterian clergyman Nov. 23, 1796, and was pastor 
 successively of Presbyterian churches in Wilmington, Del., 
 and Lancaster and Chestnut Level, Pa., in which latter 
 place he also maintained a classical school for many years. 
 In the year 1826 he removed to Sadsbury township, Ches- 
 ter Co., and established the Moscow Academy, a classical 
 and literary institution, which flourished for some years. 
 He was a man of remarkably well-cultivated mind, a poet 
 of no mean order, a very superior classical and Hebrew 
 scholar, and one of the greatest instructors of his day. He 
 was able in debate, discriminating and decided in judgment, 
 and a model in the pulpit. In his manners he was social 
 and in his deportment humble and unostentatious. He 
 died April 21, 1834. 
 
 Rev. William Latta was born in Bucks Co., Pa., in 
 May, 1768. He was the son of Dr. James Latta, who was 
 a prominent man in the Presbyterian Church in his day. 
 He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1794, 
 was licensed by the Presbytery of New Castle, and becam^ 
 pastor of the congregations of Great Valley and Charles-, 
 town, Chester Co., Oct. 1, 1799, in which relation he con- 
 tinued until his death, Feb. 19, 1847, a period of over 
 forty-seven years. 
 
 He was created a Doctor of Divinity by Lafayette Colleges, 
 Easton, Pa. He was a student and a scholar, and his 
 preparations for the pulpit were made with close study and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 627 
 
 care. In the courts of the church he was highly esteemed, 
 and by appointment of the General Assembly held the 
 o£Bce of trustee of that body for many years. He was also 
 a director in the Princeton Theological Seminary. The 
 General Assembly of 1847, in noticing his death, spoke of 
 him as " ope of the venerable fathers of the Presbyterian 
 Church." On occasion of the reception of Gen. Lafayette 
 at West Chester, in July, 1825, the Rev. William Latta 
 made a prayer very remarkable for its touching sentiments, 
 fervid eloquence, and patriot spirit. 
 
 LAUBAUGH, Johannes, was born in Holland, Aug. 
 3, 1733. Of his early history little is known, but he be- 
 came a sea-faring man, owned a vessel, and traded with 
 China, the American colonies, and England. Having ar- 
 rived at Philadelphia about the commencement of the Rev- 
 olutionary war, he disposed of his ship and cargo and pur- 
 chased a farm in Pikeland, Chester Co. (now owned by Mr. 
 Tagley). He brought over his family, and made a second 
 voyage to Holland to settle up some affairs. By his wife, 
 Anna Catharine, he had eight children, — 1. John, m. to 
 Catharine Acker ; 2. Henry, m. to Anne De Frain and 
 Catharine March ; 3. Magdalena, m. to Conrad Acker ; 4. 
 Lewis, settled at New Philadelphia, Ohio ; 5. Margaret, m. 
 to Conrad Keeley ; 6. Elizabeth, m. to John Christman ; 
 7. Catharine, m. to Peter Stiteler ; 8. Mary, m. to William 
 Sheldrake. 
 
 The parents were buried at the East Vincent Reformed 
 Church, of which they were members. A number of arti- 
 cles, the remnants of the last cargo, are held by some of the 
 descendants, consisting of pieces of china, glass, and gold 
 and silver coin. 
 
 LESLIE, William, married Christiana, daughter of 
 George and Sarah (Hoopes) Hall, and lived in Cecil Co., 
 Md. They had nine children, who all died before their 
 parents except Robert, the eldest, and Margaret, the 
 youngest, the latter being nine years old when her parents 
 died. 
 
 Robert married Lydia Baker, and had children,— Eliza, 
 Ann, Martha, Charles Robert, and Thomas Jefferson. 
 Robert was a clock- and watch-maker, and pursued that 
 business in Elkton for some time, but in 1786 he settled 
 in Philadelphia, where he was elected a member of the 
 Philosophical Society. He was very ingenious, and it 
 appears that an act of Assembly of Sept. 7, 1789, gave 
 him (in effect) a patent for an improvement in clocks and 
 watches. His business prospered, and he took a partner in 
 order to allow himself to go to England to purchase the 
 clocks and watches wanted for the establishment. This 
 he did about 1793, taking his wife, his three daughters, 
 and his sister Margaret, who made her home with him 
 after her parents' death. The death of Mr. Price, his 
 partner in Philadelphia, caused his return, and he sailed 
 from Gravesend Sept. 18, 1799, in the " Washington," an 
 »rmed merchant vessel, war being then declared between 
 France and the United States. An engagement with a 
 French vessel, " La Bellone," disabled them so that they 
 put into Lisbon for repairs and remained there five months. 
 After a stormy passage, in which some of the masts were 
 lost, they arrived' at Philadelphia May 11, 1800, forty-two 
 days from Lisbon. 
 
 Robert Leslie died in 1804. Of his children, Eliza was 
 an authoress, having published a work on cooking and 
 other books. Ann was an artist. Martha married the 
 late Henry C. Carey. Charles Robert, born in London, 
 Oct. 19, 1794, returned thither in 1811 as an art student, 
 and, under the instruction of the noted Benjamin West and 
 M'ashington Allston, soon acquired fame. His family de- 
 siring to have him reside in the United States obtained for 
 him the appointment of professor of drawing at West Point 
 in 1833, but after a few months he resigned and returned 
 to England, where he died May 5, 1859. His " May Day 
 in the Time of Queen Elizabeth," from the collection of J. 
 Naylor, Esq., was among the English collection at the 
 Centennial Exhibition. He married Harriet Stone, an 
 English lady, by whom he had several children. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson Leslie, born in England about 1796, 
 was a major in the United States army, married Gertrude 
 Pearson, and had three daughters, now all deceased but one. 
 
 Margaret Leslie, the sister of Robert, married John 
 Buckley, from England, son of James Buckley, who came 
 afterwards to this country and died here. They settled at 
 Hamilton village, Philadelphia. 
 
 Their only child, Eliza, born fourteen years after her 
 parents' marriage, was but eighteen months old when her 
 father died. She is now the wife of Caleb H. Kinnard, of 
 West Chester. Her mother married, second, Eli Hays, of 
 Newlin. 
 
 Charles Robert Leslie, in his autobiographical recollec- 
 tions, says, — 
 
 "At my father's death there was so little property left that my 
 mother was obliged to open a boarding-house, and my eldest sister to 
 teach drawing, to support the family. 
 
 "My brother and I had been sent to school at the University of 
 Pennsylvania, which then occupied a splendid house in Ninth Street, 
 built by the citizens of Philadelphia to present to Gen. Washington, 
 but which the removal of the seat of government from that city pre- 
 vented his occupying. 
 
 " It would not have been in the power of my mother to continue 
 sending us to this school but for the kindness of Dr. Rogers, the Eng- 
 lish professor, a Baptist minister, who abated considerably in his 
 charge for our tuition, and Mr. Robert Patterson, the professor of 
 mathematics, who, having known my father intimately, made no 
 charge whatever. I am sorry to say, however, I did not appreciate 
 this liberality as I ought to have done, but neglected the study of 
 mathematics as much as I possibly could. 
 
 " My summers and autumns were at this period regularly spent in 
 visits to my great-uncles, Philip Ward and George Hall, with my 
 eldest sister Eliza, and my kind aunt, Margaret Leslie (my father's 
 sister). These uncles lived in Chester County and were farmers. The 
 scenery about Mr. Ward's house [in Newlin township] was very beau- 
 tiful; the Brandy wine Creek ran near it, and one of its tributary 
 streams turned a flour-mill and a saw-mill belonging to my uncle. I 
 shall never forget the kindness I received from my worthy relatives 
 while under their roofs. Their habits were simple and rustic. My 
 uncle Hall performed all the work of his little farm himself; but then 
 he belonged to a volunteer corps of cavalry ; indeed, he had served in 
 the Revolutionary war, and his horseman's boots, cap, sword, and his 
 blue coat with red facings, which I saw hanging up in his bedroom, 
 though they never happened to be worn during our visits, gave him 
 great importance in my eyes. 
 
 "At Mr. Ward's one of his sons was the working miller, and the 
 other the farmer, and here I became familiar with all the operations 
 of mill and farm. I accompanied my cousin, Tommy Ward, in the 
 fields when he was plowing or sowing, and in the barn when he was 
 threshing or winnowing the corn, and I well remember a grand husk- 
 ing-party (or 'frolic,' as it was called), when the neighbors for miles 
 round came to assist in stripping thetlndian corn o£ its outer covering. 
 
628 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 and aftevwardssnt down to a most substantial supper. To the imngery 
 treasured in my recollection of these simple scenes I believe I ovre 
 much of the exquisite enjoyment I receive from reading the poetry 
 of Burns. His ' Hallowe'en,' his ' Twa Dogs,' and other poems, in 
 which the labors and enjoyments of the cottage are described, always 
 transport me to tlie log houses of my kind-hearted uncles and aunts 
 in Chester County."* 
 
 LEONARD, Daniel, of Kennet, son of George and 
 Christian, was married 3, 28, 1740, at Kennet Meeting, to 
 Ruth Harlan, daughter of Ezekiel and Ruth, of that town- 
 ship. His father lived then or later in Sadsbury, but took 
 up land in Fallowfield in 1714. 
 
 Daniel and Ruth had children, — Ezekiel, Daniel, Mary, 
 Ruth, George, Benjamin, and Joseph, whose births were 
 recorded by th6 meeting. 
 
 Ezekiel, born 10, 18, 1740, resided at various places 
 within the limits of Birmingham, Cain, Goshen, and Brad- 
 ford Meetings, but lost his membership by taking an active 
 interest in Revolutionary affairs. In 1786, and again in 
 1795, he was elected sheriff of the county, serving in all 
 six years in the office. He died near Hockessin about 
 1822. 
 
 Joseph Leonard, his son, engaged in the iron business 
 at Thorndale, near the present site of Glen Mills, where, in 
 1816, he married Sarah Edwards, daughter of John and 
 Hannah (Pennock) Edwards, born 2, 27, 1788. She died 
 at West Chester in 1877, and was buried at Middletown 
 Meeting. Joseph Leonard died in Kennet township in 
 1822, in the thirty-sixth year of his age, leaving two chil- 
 dren, — John E., of West Chester, and Pennock E., of Lon- 
 dongrove. 
 
 Hon. J. Edwards Leonard, son of John E., above named, 
 was born near Fairville, in Chester Co., Sept. 22, 1845. 
 His education was received at Phillips' Exeter Academy, 
 N. H., and Harvard College, graduating from the latter in- 
 stitution in 1867. He then went to Europe, studied civil 
 law in Germany, receiving the degree of Doctor of Laws 
 at the Heidelberg University. Returning to this country, 
 he was attracted by the advantages offered in the South, 
 and settled in Louisiana, where he began the practice of 
 law in the Thirteenth Judicial District. Within two years 
 he was elected district attorney, and shortly after, in spite 
 of his youth, was appointed judge of the Supreme Court 
 of the State. In 1876 he was elected to Congress from the 
 Fifth District by the largest Congressional majority in the 
 State. AtWashingtonheshowed distinguished ability on the 
 floor of the House. When he was sent in 1878 by the 
 President, whose policy he had severely criticised, to Cuba 
 upon an important and delicate mission, it was a high trib- 
 ute to his talents and reputation. While performing this 
 trust he was seized with yellow fever, and died March 15 
 1878, at the Telegraph Hotel, Havana. When his death 
 was announced in the House by the Speaker, that body, in 
 respect to his memory, adjourned. He was a brilliant 
 young man, and one of unusual moral stability ; a poet of 
 no mean ability, an able and forcible speaker, and as a poli- 
 tician he commanded the respect of all parties by his intel- 
 ligence and candor in the discussion of public affairs. Ho 
 
 » Autobiographical Recollections. Boston, Tioknor &, Fields, 1860, 
 p. 364, (Edited by Tom Taylor.) 
 
 married, in 1872, Miss Ella Burbank, of St. Paul, Minn., 
 who died in 1875, leaving two sons. 
 
 LEVIS, Christopher, of Harby, in Leicestershire, 
 England, by Mary, his wife, had the following children r 
 Samuel, b. 7, 30, 1649; Mary, b. 3, 8, 1652, d. 7, 16, 
 1764; Richard, b. 10, 28, 1654, d. 4, 23, 1663; Sarah, 
 b. 7, 30, 1663, d. 1, 23, 1701 ; Hannah, b. 7, 30, 1663, 
 d. 3, 26, 1705. The father was buried 8, 23, 1677. 
 
 Samuel Levis, of Harby, and Elizabeth Clator, of Not- 
 tingham, were married 3, 4, 1680. Mary Levis, of Harby, 
 perhaps the widow of Christopher, married Thomas Wright, 
 3, 4, 1680. 
 
 Samuel Levis, with his wife and sisters, Sarah and Han- 
 nah, came to Pennsylvania in 1684 (see William Garrett) 
 and settled in Springfield township, where he died about 
 1734. Sarah married Thomas Bradshaw, of Darby, in 
 1687, and Hannah became the wife of Michael Blunston 
 in 1691. 
 
 The children of Samuel and Elizabeth Levis were Sam- 
 uel, b. 12, 8, 1680, m. Hannah Stretch, of Philadelphia; 
 Alice, b. 8, 7, 1682; Mary, b. 8, 9, 1685, m. Joseph Pen- 
 nock ; William, b. 7, 8, 1688, d. 2, 11, 1747; Elizabeth, 
 b. 10, 20, 1690, d. 10, 10, 1777, m. William Shipley; 
 Christopher, b. 10, 27, 1692, d. 2, 3, 1694; Sarah, b. 6, 
 31, 1694, m. George Maris. 
 
 Samuel Levis and Hannah Stretch, daughter of Joseph, 
 were married 10, 15, 1709, and had four children, — Samuel, 
 b. 8, 21, 1711, m. Mary Thomson, 6, 12, 1742; John, b. 
 8, 3, 1713, m. Rebecca Davis, 8, 25, 1738; Joseph, b. 11, 
 29, 1715-6, m. Susanna Wain, 1739; William. 
 
 William Levis settled in Kennet, and married, 10, 14, 
 1720, Elizabeth Reed, by whom he had children, — Eliza- 
 beth, b. 8, 30, 1721 ; Samuel, b. 9, 18, 1723, m. Elizabeth 
 Gregg; William, b. 12,3, 1725-6, m. Jane Ogden and 
 Martha Marshall; Sarah, b. 6, 31, 1728; Mary, b. 2, 10, 
 1732; Lydia, b. 6, 16, 1734, m. John Lamborn. 
 
 LEWIS, Enoch and Alice. — Enoch Lewis, eldest son of 
 Evan and Jane Lewis, was born at Radnor, in the county of 
 Chester, now Delaware, Jan. 29, 1776. He was the fifth in 
 descent from Henry Lewis, who, with his family, including 
 his father, Evan Lewis, then an old man, emigrated from 
 Narbeth, in Pembrokeshire, South Wales, early in the year 
 1682. Evan Lewis is supposed to have died within a few 
 years after his leaving his native country. The family 
 record is silent respecting him after his arrival in Pennsyl- 
 vania. Henry Lewis purchased a tract of 800 acres of 
 land in Haverford township in May of the same year, and 
 was one of the first three landed proprietors in that town- 
 ship who derived title under William Penn. Immediately 
 after the city of Philadelphia was laid out and surveyed 
 according to the plan of the proprietary, Henry Lewis pro- 
 cured a lot in the new city and erected upon it a house, in 
 which he resided during a part of each year. He also 
 erected a dwelling house and farm buildings upon his tract 
 in Haverford, which he cleared and cultivated, and on 
 which he generally spent his summers. He served as fore- 
 man of the first grand jury which sat for the county of 
 Philadelphia, and he was one of the peacemakers appointed 
 for that county. A copy of an old record, still extant, 
 shows that he was a township ofiicer for Harerford in 1682. 
 
le, Mi ;o) (DM ILMWH 
 
 <£> 
 
 '■■'-'■:•' _'-/ 'A'v ///?// A-.',,.v;,7/,:; /;,.,/V„.-, ,,v y, 
 
iJiuiJKAfiilUAJj AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 62a 
 
 He was a benevolent man and a public-spirited citizen. 
 He gave much of his time to works of charity and to 
 municipal affairs. His career of usefulness was terminated 
 by death before he attained middle life. He died at his 
 residence in Haverford in August, 1688. 
 
 Henry Lewis, the second, born in 1671, was the eldest 
 son of the first Henry. He married in 1692, and had a 
 family of nine children, of whom John Lewis, born May 
 23, 1697, was the third. Henry resided on the Haverford 
 farm during the whole of his life, and was several times a 
 member of the Colonial Assembly. John married in 1725 
 Catharine Eoberts, who owned an undivided moiety of a 
 farm in Kadnor. On his marriage he purchased the other 
 moiety, and having added to the farm a tract of one hun- 
 dred and sixty acres immediately adjoining, he took up his - 
 residence upon it, and resided there till his death, in 1780. 
 He had seven children. Evan, his youngest son, was born 
 in 1740. He married in 1770 ; his wife dying three years 
 afterwards, he again married, in April, 1775. His second 
 wife was Jane Meredith. She was a woman of superior 
 intellect, fond of reading, and particularly noted for her 
 readiness in the solution of arithmetical problems. 
 
 Evan Lewis was a member of the Society of Friends, and 
 more than usually strict in the performance of his religious 
 duties. Though an energetic man of business, he never 
 allowed the operations of his farm or dairy to interfere with 
 the attendance of himself and family at the ordinary week- 
 - day meetings for worship. He was circumspect in his con- 
 duct, and very careful to rear his family in close conformity 
 with the peculiarities of his sect in dress and manners. At 
 the date of Enoch's birth Evan occupied the farm of his 
 father as a tenant, the father being then old and incapaci- 
 tated for business by loss of sight. On the death of his 
 father Evan became the owner of the whole farm, by pur- 
 chasing the shares or interests of his brothers and sisters. 
 
 Enoch was a boy of bright intelligence, and evinced very 
 early a decided passion for figures and an inappeasable thirst 
 for knowledge. He seemed to take to books as by a natural 
 instinct, and learned the alphabet mainly by means of his 
 inquiring the names of the letters; and having ascertained 
 the letters had a meaning when put together, he learned to 
 spell and to read very much in tlic same way. His mother 
 patiently answered all his questions, and was interested 
 rather than annoyed by his inquisitiveness. By the time 
 he was old enough to attend school he could read with fa- 
 cility and was master of the first four rules of arithmetic, 
 and had displayed a surprising aptitude in the management 
 of figures. His opportunities of education were extremely 
 limited. They did not exceed those of other farmers' sons 
 of the period. After he had attained the age of eight years 
 his services were needed on the farm, and he attended 
 school only during the three winter months of each year. 
 He used his opportunities, such as they were, so well that 
 by the time he was fourteen his teachers were unable to 
 give him further instruction, and he was employed as an 
 usher in a country school within an hour's walk of his 
 father's residence. The following year he undertook to 
 teach the Radnor school, at which he himself had been a 
 pupil. During the summer of 1792 he assisted his father 
 On the fainUf pursuing hi* studies at such intervals as he 
 
 could snatch from ordinary labor. Those studies were prin- 
 cipally mathematical. He also read considerably of history 
 and poetry, and began to practice English composition. 
 He wrote verses, some of which found their way into the 
 newspapers, and were praised doubtless beyond their de- 
 serts by his friends and associates. Among other things 
 he wrote a monody on the death of a young lady with 
 whom he had some acquaintance, and to whose attractions 
 he was not insensible. This production was rewarded by 
 her grateful mother with a legacy of fifty dollars. 
 
 His experiment in teaching was entirely successful. 
 After a short engagement at the Radnor school, during the 
 winter of 1792-93, he went to Philadelphia early in the 
 spring for the purpose of placing himself under the instruc- 
 tions of William Waring, who was at that time. teacher of 
 mathematics in the Friends' academy on Fourth Street. 
 Waring was an admirable instructor, combining thorough 
 knowledge with a happy faculty of demonstration and an 
 ardent love of mathematical science. With him Enoch 
 Lewis remained not quite six months, taking lessons one- 
 half of each day and teaching a class of pupils of his own 
 the other half. The yellow fever, which visited the city 
 in 1793 as an epidemic, proved fatal to his instructor, and 
 he afterwards pursued his studies unassisted. Having pro- 
 cured a copy of Dr. Halley's " Treatise on Astronomy" in 
 Latin, and being unable to find a copy in English, he set 
 himself to work to master the Latin, and soon acquired a 
 sufficient knowledge of the language to read Halley's book 
 with facility. 
 
 In the following spring he happened to meet in the hall 
 of the Philadelphia Library Maj. Andrew Ellicott, who, 
 seeing him engaged in perusing Newtoti's '' Principia,'' in 
 Latin, entered into conversation with, him, and was so 
 struck with the accuracy and extent of his knowledge as 
 to seek his acquaintance. Maj. Ellicott and Gen. Irwin 
 had then been lately appointed commissioners, under an 
 act of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, to lay out certain 
 towns in the western part of the State, and Enoch Lewis 
 was invited to join the expedition as an assistant surveyor^ 
 After consulting his parents the invitation was accepted. 
 As the Indians on the frontier had given indications of 
 hostility, a small military force for the protection of the 
 party was placed at the command of the commissioners, and 
 accompanied the commission. The Indians, however, did 
 not interfere with the expedition, though at one time an 
 attack was expected and arrangements were made to repel 
 it. One night the company lay upon their arms. True to 
 his principles as a non-combatant, Enoch Lewis determined 
 that he would take no part in the expected affray, even in 
 self-defense, and rather than owe his protection to arms he 
 would trust himself in the woods unarmed and alone. He 
 therefore, taking a blanket with him, left the camp, and, 
 going beyond the light of the watch-fires, lay down and 
 slept beneath the branches of a tree, by which he was par- 
 tially protected. The commissioners were both military 
 men, and the persons with whom he was associated were as 
 little like Friends as possible, yet in dress and language he 
 adhered uniformly to the usages of the society. The com- 
 pany finished its labors about Christmas, and Enoch re- 
 ceived his discharge, having gained in a high degree.,the 
 
630 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 respect and confidence of the commissioners, who had re- 
 peatedly trusted him, though the youngest man in the 
 party, with the command of detachments for special service. 
 Maj. Ellicott furnished him unsolicited at parting with a 
 strong recommendation as a teacher, and soon after his 
 return he was appointed to take charge of the mathematical 
 school in Friends', academy on Fourth Street, where Wil- 
 liam Waring had previously taught. His thorough knowl- 
 edge and facility in explaining the most difficult problems 
 made him successful as a teacher, and his school was soon 
 filled to overflowing ; but it was broken up by the yellow 
 fever in the latter part of the summer of 1798, and the 
 pupils were tardy in returning after the epidemic was 
 passed, many of them having fled to the country to escape 
 its ravages. 
 
 May 9, 1799, he married Alice Jackson, sixth daughter 
 of Isaac and Hannah Jackson, of New Garden, Chester Co. 
 The frequent recurrence of the yellow fever in Philadelphia, 
 and the liability of his school being interfered with by it, 
 induced him to give it up in the spring of 1799, and he 
 immediately removed to Radnor and took charge of his 
 father's farm. In the fall of the same year he was invited 
 to assume direction of the mathematical department in the 
 large boarding-school then recently established at Westtown 
 by the Yearly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia. He 
 accepted the invitation, and continued to teach there with 
 reputation and success till the spring of 1808. His father- 
 in-law, Isaac Jackson, having, in the mean time, died, he 
 purchased of the heirs a part of the farm, including the 
 mansion building, and removed thither about the 1st of 
 April of that year. He subsequently acquired title to the 
 whole of the landed property of his father-in-law, consisting 
 of about 230 acres. The summer was occupied in enlarg- 
 ing the dwelling and providing accommodations for pupils, 
 and Oct. 1, 1808, he opened his boarding-school at New 
 Garden. His intentions were to give instruction only in 
 mathematics, and he limited the number of his pupils to 
 sixteen, but the pressure to exceed that number soon be- 
 came irresistible, and his school increased to twenty-five, 
 which was as many as he could accommodate. As the 
 school increased, it became less exclusively mathematical 
 than at first, and reading, English grammar, geography, and 
 experimental philosophy became subjects of instruction. A 
 telescope, microscope, and a considerable quantity of philo- 
 sophical apparatus were purchased, and during the long 
 evenings of winter frequent lectures were delivered, and 
 experiments exhibited expounding the laws of gravitation, 
 mechanical action, light, heat, and electricity. Mrs. Lewis 
 frequently taught the reading and grammar classes. She 
 was an admirable reader, and had a well-cultivated and ele- 
 gant taste in art and literature and a familiar acquaintance 
 with the best authors. She had a sweet, flexible, orotund 
 voice and a remarkable command of language, and could 
 explain, with rare felicity, her views on any subject on 
 which she chose to descant. Her person was tall and some- 
 what stately, her manner graceful and even queenly, and at 
 the same time most kindly. Every face brightened the 
 moment she entered the school-room, and in her presence 
 there was no indifference or inattention. In whatever she 
 undertook to instruct she inspired an interest, and there 
 
 was no pupil but was desirous of winning her approbation. 
 With many amiable qualities, which endeared her to all 
 with whom she came in contact, she united great energy. 
 In all respects she was a superior woman, and to her excel- 
 lent management of her department much of the great suc- 
 cess and popularity of the school during her lifetime was 
 owing. In April, 1812, she contracted a severe cold, which 
 settled on her lungs and terminated in confirmed consump- 
 tion. She died Dee. 13, 1813, universally lamented. In 
 the Society of Friends she had become distinguished for 
 her eloquence as a minister, and she was greatly admired, 
 wherever she was known, "for her attractive conversation 
 and engaging social qualities. In the year 1806 she intro- 
 duced into the Yearly Meeting of Friends in Philadelphia, 
 - in a speech of great power, the consideration of the ques- 
 tion as to how far it was consistent with the testimony of 
 the society against slavery to use the produce of slave- 
 labor, or to be concerned in dealing in such produce. The 
 speech made a profound impression at the time and caused 
 considerable discussion. The formation of a free-produce 
 society followed some years later, and was doubtless the rer 
 suit of the attention of Friends being thus drawn to the 
 subject. Between 1808 and 1812, Mr. Lewis, though ex- 
 ceedingly busy with his farm and school, found time to re- 
 vise for publication an edition of Bonnycastle's " Algebra," 
 and an edition also of Simpson's "Plane and Spherical 
 Trigonometry," adding to the original text some new demon- 
 strations. The sickness of his wife suspended, in a great 
 degree, his mathematical studies, and banished from his 
 mind all thoughts of authorship. The loss of his wife was 
 most keenly felt, and the immediate effect was a serious loss 
 of health. At the pressing instance of his friends, on the 
 1st of April, 1814, he dismissed his school, uncertain 
 whether he would ever resume it. A few weeks after, he 
 received an invitation from Jesse Kersey, an eminent min- 
 ister in the Society of Friends, to accompany him on a visit 
 through the Southern States, to ascertain the sentiments of 
 the leading men of the South on the subject of negro slavery. 
 After an absence of five weeks he i-eturned home, without 
 having completed the thorough tour of the South that was 
 contemplated, his companion and himself having become 
 well satisfied that by the intelligent portion of the Southern 
 people slavery was felt and acknowledged to be a dreadful 
 curse, and the only question seemed to be how it should be 
 got rid of. 
 
 At Washington the two Friends had interviews with Mr. 
 Madison, then President, Mr. Monroe, Secretary of State, 
 Mr. Calhoun, Secretary of War, and, if I mistake not, with 
 Mr. Crawford also. Secretary of the Treasury. At Rich- 
 mond they had free consultation with the Governor of Vir- 
 ginia, and with other men of distinction in the executive 
 and judicial departments of the State government. Hope 
 was entertained at that time that slavery would be abolished 
 in several of the slave States bordering on those that were 
 free by their own voluntary action, and the information 
 gathered in this visit tended to confirm that hope. In the 
 Legislature of Maryland the proposition for the gradual 
 abolition of slavery was shortly after considered and dis- 
 cussed, and in a convention assembled at Richmond to revise 
 the constitution of the State a majority of one vote, only 
 
ClUUHArniUAlj ASSU UJiJNJiAljUUlUAL. 
 
 Ddi 
 
 prevented that State from taking its stand on the side of 
 freedom. 
 
 As October approached Mr. Lewis began to experience 
 the need of active mental occupation, and he gave notice 
 that on the first of that month he would re-open his school. 
 From that titne till April, 1824, he taught for half the year 
 only, preferring to attend to his farm from April to Octo- 
 ber, and devoting his spare time to literary and scientific 
 work, and to the service of the society, of which he was an 
 active member, and in which he had important appoint- 
 ments. During that interval he prepared for publication 
 and published a work on arithmetic, designed for the use of 
 schools. Several editions of this work have been printed, 
 but it is now superseded by books which require less learn- 
 ing in the teacher, and less thought and study in the pupil, 
 and which therefore, without equal merit, are more popular. 
 During the same period he wrote a series of essays for 
 the press, the object of which was to demonstrate the un- 
 profitableness of servile in comparison with free labor, and 
 a pamphlet on the militia system of Pennsylvania, in which 
 he attempted, and I think successfully, to prove that persons 
 conscientiously scrupulous of bearing arms had a constitu- 
 tional right to complete exemption from military requisi- 
 tions in time of peace. Of this pamphlet there were several 
 editions, the last of which was carefully revised, and a con- 
 siderable part of it rewritten. 
 
 In May, 1815, Mr. Lewis remarried. His second wife 
 was a daughter of John Jackson, of Londongrove, a first 
 cousin of his first wife, a woman of sense and more than 
 ordinary culture. 
 
 In 1825, in order to save himself from pecuniary loss, 
 Mr. Lewis purchased a house in Wilmington, Del, and in 
 April *emoved with his family thither, and opened a school 
 for the instruction of young men in mathematics. His 
 school filled immediately. In the following year appeared 
 the first edition of his treatise on Algebra, which, like his 
 Arithmetic, was intended for the use of schools, but which 
 was too abstruse for the generality of teachers, and there- 
 fore not so popular as other works of inferior learning. He 
 could not well understand that what was so easy to him 
 should be diflScult to others, yet to satisfy the objections of 
 complainants he published a Key, in which he furnished 
 solutions of all intricate questions. 
 
 Mr. Lewis, while teaching in Philadelphia, became a 
 member of the Abolition Society of Pennsylvania, and was 
 a zealous advocate of emancipation. During his residence 
 at Westtown he was frequently called upon to interfere for 
 the protection of alleged fugitives from slavery, to save them 
 from the grasp of fictitious claimants. Once he purchased 
 a runaway slave from his master, and took the bond of the 
 slave for the repayment of the purchase-money. In 1820 
 he was a leading member of a committee to a Meeting for 
 Sufferings of Philadelphia that petitioned the Legislature 
 of Pennsylvania for the enactment of a law forbidding 
 justices of the peace to Uke cognizance of claims for the 
 rendition of fligitives. He visited Harrisburg repeatedly 
 during that and the following year, and brought the subject 
 of the petition, and the evidence of the abuses perpetrated 
 under the existing laws, to the attention of the Legislature, 
 with a favorable result. In 1824 he vUited Washington, 
 
 and collected from the national archives many interesting 
 facts relating to the existence of the slave-trade, and wrote 
 a large pamphlet on the subject, which was published under 
 the auspices of the Meeting for Sufierings. When, there- 
 fore, early in 1827, it was proposed by a company of benevo- 
 lent gentlemen in Philadelphia to publish a monthly 
 periodical devoted to the interests of human freedom, with 
 particular reference to slavery as existing in the United 
 States, Mr. Lewis was solicited to become the editor. He 
 promptly accepted the position, and in April, 1827, rerrioved 
 to Philadelphia and entered upon his editorial duties. The 
 enterprise was not successful. Other subjects were then 
 occupying the public mind, and in the Society of Friends 
 there was much agitation and excitement, caused by the 
 preaching of J]lias Hicks. The publication, which was 
 called The African Observer, failing to receive the expected 
 support in the society, was abandoned at the end of a year. 
 His reflections on the subject of slavery, while editing the 
 African Observer, led him to forbode the conflict which 
 afterwards occurred unless the slave system should be 
 abolished. He therefore proposed that a fund should be 
 provided by the national government sufficient to pay for 
 all the slaves in the several States where slavery obtained 
 at an appraised value ; and that to each of the States should 
 be appropriated a proportionable share of the fund, accord- 
 ing to the value of their slave-property, on condition of 
 their abolishing slavery. It was estimated that the cost of 
 the purchase would not be more than from eight to ten 
 hundred millions of dollars, and it was the opinion of Mr. 
 Lewis that the great evil, which so darkened the prospects 
 of our republic, could not be destroyed more easily, or at 
 less cost. Such a proposition, at that time, would have 
 been accepted gratefully by several of the Southern States, 
 and it is very certain that the Others would not have been 
 lon"^ behind them. The wisdom of the proposition, it is 
 unnecessary to say, has been fully proved by the events that 
 have since occurred. 
 
 Mr. Lewis having received the appointment of city sur- 
 veyor, remained in Philadelphia till 1834, when, at the in- 
 stance of the committee having charge of the Westtown 
 Boarding-School, who deemed that the institution had need 
 of his invigorating energy, he removed thither and took 
 charge of the mathematical department. He remained 
 there, doing efficient work for the school, till 1836, when 
 he returned to New Garden. 
 
 In the year 1834, prior to his removal from Philadelphia 
 to Westtown, he published a pamphlet of seventy-three 
 pages, entitled " Vindication of the Society of Friends ; 
 Be°ing a Reply to a Review of Cox on -Quakerism, Pub- 
 lished in the Biblical Repertory.'^ The unfavorable way 
 in which both the author of the " Review" and Dr. Cox 
 had set forth the principles and usages of the Society o:f 
 Friends seemed to call for some notice. Mr. Lewis' pam- 
 phlet is an answer as well to the " Review" as to Dr. Cox's 
 book, and he undertook to show that the charges exhibited 
 by the author, as well as the " reviewer," were groundless. 
 This was satisfactorily accomplished in a style of calm dig- 
 nity, to which an occasional caustic touch adds point and force. 
 In the interval between 1836 and 1847 he was much 
 occupied as a surveyor and engineer. He located, several 
 
632 
 
 HISTOHY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 railroad routes, surveyed large tracts of wild land in the 
 northern part of Pennsylvania for Stephen Girard and the 
 Bank of North America, and, at the instance of the muni- 
 cipal authorities, regulated the streets and alleys in Eeading, 
 Easton, West Chester, and other corporate tovpns. 
 
 As a member of the Indian committee of the Philadel- 
 phia Meeting for Sufferings, he twice visited the Indian 
 settlements at Tunessasseh, under the care of Friends, — 
 once in the depth of winter, at the age of seventy, — to ■ 
 furnish food and clothing to the settlers, they being, in 
 consequence of the severity of the season, in a suffering 
 condition. He was also instrumental in preventing the 
 ratification by the United States Senate of a fraudulent 
 treaty, which had been obtained from some of the chiefs of 
 the same Indians, for a large portion of their lands. The 
 task of exposing the corrupt practices by which the treaty 
 had been procured was not accomplished without consider- 
 able expense of time and effort. 
 
 In 1844 he sent to the press his treatise on " Plane and 
 Spherical Trigonometry." This is a work of profound 
 learning, and, though at present out of print, it has not 
 been superseded by any work of superior merit. He wrote 
 also in a series of essays, published in The Friend, a me- 
 moir of William Penn, the object of which was to present 
 a view of the religious life and labors of his subject, rather 
 than his character as a legislator and statesman. 
 
 In 1844 be visited Washington, and remained there for 
 several weeks, for the purpose of obtaining from the na- 
 tional archives authentic information as to the slave-trade, 
 in which several European states then participated and 
 shared the infamy of its abominations. Furnished with this 
 information, added to such as he obtained from other sources, 
 he wrote a large pamphlet, which was published by the Meet- 
 ing for Sufferings, in which he exposed in vivid colors the 
 horrors of this traffic, and held it up to-public reprobation. 
 
 In the year 1838, Mr. Lewis prepared for the press and 
 published " A Dissertation on Oaths." In this small vol- 
 ume of a hundred pages he has condensed much valuable 
 information, and reasoned with unanswerable cogency, 
 against the use of oaths as a means of discovering truth. 
 About eight years later he pursued the subject, and in an- 
 other pamphlet, of about the same size as the former, called 
 the attention of the public particularly to the measures of 
 the British government for the abolition of unnecessary 
 oaths, and urged that the experiment be immediately made 
 of substituting a solemn declaration for the oath in all 
 matters relating to the revenue, auditors' accounts, and the 
 performance of official duty, under the Federal authority ; 
 being satisfied that experience would justify the substitution 
 and open the way for further innovations in the same direction. 
 
 His book on " Baptism" is of an earlier date. This is 
 his only purely polemical work. In it he maintains, by 
 arguments drawn from Scripture authority, the correctness 
 of the doctrine held by the Society of Friends on the 
 subject of water-baptism. 
 
 In the early part of 1846 a committee was appointed by 
 the Meeting for Sufferings to call the attention of our Leg- 
 islature to the unprotected condition of our colored popu- 
 ;lation under the operation of the decision of the'Supreme 
 Court of the United States in the case of Prigg vs. Penn- 
 
 sylvania, and to ask of that body the repeal of so much of 
 the act of 1780, abolishing slavery, as authorized the own- 
 ers of slaves to retain them within the State for six months 
 in involuntary servitude. Mr. Lewis having suggested the 
 appointment of that committee was made a member of it. 
 He, in company with several of his colleagues, went to 
 Harrisburg early in March, and had interviews with some 
 of the leading men of both branches of the Legislature, in 
 which the committee explained the objects of their mission 
 and their views as to the course of legislation required by 
 the decision of the Supreme Court. A bill was reported 
 to the House in conformity with the wishes of the commitr 
 tee, which, however, was not acted upon during the session. 
 Understanding that there was some objection to the bill, 
 Mr. Lewis prepared a petition containing a terse and vigorr 
 ous argument in favor of the proposed measure, which, 
 being signed by the members of the committee, was for- 
 warded to the Legislature early in the ensuing session. 
 After some further efforts on the part of the committee, 
 finding the bill still to linger on the Senate calendar, Mr. 
 Lewis again went to Harrisburg, and had the satisfaction 
 while there of seeing the bill become a law. While Mr. 
 Lewis was at Harrisburg on this errand his wife suddenly 
 sickened, and died immediately after his return home. 
 
 Sept. 1, 1847, Mr. Lewis issued his prospectus for the 
 Friends' Review, a religious and literary journal, to the 
 editorship of which he was invited by an association of 
 Friends belonging to the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 
 who deemed that a periodical of a description in some 
 respects different from The Friend was needed as an expo- 
 nent of the opinions and principles of the major. part of the 
 society. The design of the publication was more compre- 
 hensive than is usual with periodicals professedly of a sec- 
 tarian character. It was not only to uphold and defend the 
 doctrines promulgated by the primitive Friends as the doc- 
 trines of the Christian gospel, and to support the established 
 order of Society on the basis prescribed by its discipline, 
 but also to maintain the great moral truths on which the 
 happiness of civil society depends, and to diffuse useful in- 
 formation in a popular and attractive form on all subjects 
 interesting to the reflective mind. As Friends have always 
 taken a leading part in opposition to war and slavery, " the 
 twin progeny of a barbarous age," the prospectus proposed 
 to combat those evils by arguments addressed. as well to the 
 heart as to the understanding, but yet in a catholic and 
 Christian spirit. The first number of the Review was 
 issued on the 4th of September ; and from that time to the 
 end of his life Mr. Lewis gave his time and attention un- 
 reservedly to his duties as editor. Its character was soon 
 determined. Though always grave it was never dull. It 
 generally contained some pages suited to every undepraved 
 taste ; sketches of the lives of persons eminent for their 
 piety and usefulness, religious and moral essays, notices of 
 philanthropic enterprises, popular disquisitions on scientific 
 subjects, occasional discussions of questions of general poli- 
 tics, and whatever was calculated to convey useful instruc- 
 tion in an entertaining form. The editor was sometimes 
 assisted by able correspondents, but the original matter was 
 principally the product of his own pen. Some of his artir 
 oles, and especially those of a political character, are writ- 
 
UI.\J\JtA.%iXXJ. Xi.l.\J^XJa ^Xi.^A^ \J XJi.^ A^i.i.U\J\JIX\JMl.±J, 
 
 ten with great force of argument, and in a strong, compact, 
 nervous style, showing not only a complete mastery of the 
 subject, but a correct literary taste, not usually expected in 
 one whose studies for a lifetime have been almost solely sci- 
 entific and utilitarian. His moral essays, scattered through- 
 out the Review, have an air of ease and elegance well suited 
 to that kind of writing. 
 
 Although from about the 1st of April, 1856, he was un- 
 able from failing strength to leave his room, and for much 
 of the time was confined to bed, he never neglected his 
 duties as editor. Unable to write, he dictated various arti- 
 cles for the Review, which were published without correc- 
 tion, and which exhibit the same vigor of thought and 
 finish of style as those composed when in health. At the 
 time of his death he had on hand a number of original 
 essays, which he had thus composed while lying prostrate, 
 and which were afterwards published. He died July 14th 
 of the same year, at his residence in Philadelphia, aged 
 eighty years, five months, and sixteen days. He retained 
 the possession of his intellectual faculties till near the end 
 of the last week of his life, and no one could perceive, in 
 his conversation or writing, any sign of declension or 
 failure. 
 
 His retentive memory gave him the full command of his 
 mental resources, and he had no need to have recourse to 
 books for the purpose of recalling what he had once learned. 
 He was in the habit, as long as he lived, of solving every 
 week some intricate mathematical problem mentally, with- 
 out aid of book, pen, or pencil, for the purpose of retaining 
 his power of concentration. His habits of investigation 
 were thorough and his learning profound, and he was well 
 fitted for a wider sphere than that in which he acted. 
 When Robert Patterson, Professor of Mathematics in the 
 University of Pennsylvania, died, Mr. Lewis was strongly 
 urged to consent to be chosen as his successor. But he 
 declined, and gave for the reason that the professorship 
 would involve the necessity of omitting his attendance at 
 the week-day meetings of his society for worship. His 
 religious duties were to him of paramount obhgation, and 
 he preferred to be free for work that would be useful to 
 his kind rather than to earn for himself a brilliant name. 
 Though he had naturally a high and quick temper, he kept 
 it down under strong bolt and bar. No man ever knew 
 him, under any provocation, to return an angry answer ; 
 not but that he had a keen sense of insult or injury, but 
 he possessed too much of philosophic dignity and of Chris- 
 tian forbearance to allow his self-command to be overcome 
 by his emotions. No man ever set a more vigilant watch 
 upon his own conduct, was more guarded in his language, 
 or was more scrupulous, as to what he believed was right. 
 In his dealings he was careful to pay what he owed with 
 reasonable promptitude, while to his debtors he was liberal 
 and indulgent to a fault. He frequently lent money on 
 insufficient security, and sometimes lost it. The strong 
 cast of his features, his heavy brow, his deeply-set, sharp, 
 and piercing eye, his firm mouth, and his look of decision 
 and self-command indicated uncommon individuality, and 
 gave the impression of a character somewhat severe and 
 stern, yet no one had kindlier feelings, a more generous and 
 forgiving disposition. In judging of other men he habitu- 
 80 • 
 
 ally took the charitable view, and whatever his judgment 
 might be he was never censorious. No one, however inti- 
 mate with him, ever heard him speak ill of any one. His 
 heart was tender and his affections strong, yet he seemed 
 to regard any manifestation of feeling as a weakness, and 
 neither to crave nor to need sympathy. He stood by the 
 graves of his two wives and of several of his children tear- 
 less, and to a casual observer, knowing nothing of his true 
 nature, he might have been thought devoid of ordinary 
 sensibility. But the fact was far otherwise. His sorrows 
 were deep, poignant, and lasting. Every death in his family 
 impressed him profoundly, and the impression was never 
 obliterated. He took a lively interest in the welfare of 
 those around him, and a number of his dependents profited 
 largely by his considerate care and timely aid. More than 
 one family was rescued from want by his timely interpo- 
 sition, and several of his employes were saved by his means 
 from destruction by intemperance. Many men have lived 
 more brilliant lives than Enoch Lewis, but rarely has any 
 man lived a better one. 
 
 Hon. Joseph J. Lewis was born Oct. 5, 1801, at West- 
 town, Chester Co., Pa., about four miles from West Chester. 
 At that time his father was teacher of mathematics in the 
 boarding-school established there under the auspices of the 
 Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Society of Friends. 
 He resigned his place in 1808 and returned to New Gar- 
 den, Chester Co.,' where he purchased a plantation and 
 opened a boys' boarding-school the same year. In that 
 school the subject of this sketch mainly received his early 
 education. After Mr. Lewis had finished his mathematical 
 course he was sent to Philadelphia to study Latin and 
 Greek, under the instruction of Thomas Dugdale, at the 
 Friends' Academy on Fourth Street, where Mr. Lewis' 
 father had taught twenty years before. From April to 
 October, 1819, he taught the Friends' school at New Gar- 
 den, and afterwards until 1821. He was soon after invited 
 to take charge of the Chester County Academy, in the 
 Great Valley, about six miles from this borough, and on 
 Oct. 1, 1821, being then within a few days of twenty years 
 of age, he took charge, and soon had a good number of 
 students of both sexes and all ages. 
 
 In May, 1822, Jonathan Gause, principal of the West 
 Chester Academy, invited Mr. Lewis to assist him in teach- 
 ing mathematics, which he did at the close of the summer 
 vacation, and immediately resigned his place in the Chester 
 County Academy. In the autumn of 1824 he went to 
 New York to complete his legal studies, which he com- 
 menced Jan. 12, 1823, while assisting as a teacher in the 
 academy, and remained for some time under the direction 
 of Chancellor Kent, and in April, 1825, returned to West 
 Chester, and on the first day of May of that year was ad- 
 mitted to the bar, at which he is now the oldest practitioner 
 in the county. On Sept. 28, 1827, he was married to 
 Mary S. Miner, daughter of Hon. Charles Miner. In 1829 
 he was nominated for the Legislature by the Anti-Jackson 
 party, but was defeated- by the Anti-Masonic party. The 
 next year he was again placed on the Anti-Jackson ticket, 
 but the Anti-Masonic had grown to be very strong in 
 Chester County and was again successful. In 1835 he 
 was appointed deputy attorney-general of Chester County. 
 
634 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 This oflSce he held until the following December, when 
 Joseph Ritner succeeded to the Governor's chair. In 1844, 
 Francis R. Shunk was elected Governor, and in the follow- 
 ing year he made John M. Read, of Philadelphia, his at- 
 torney-general. Mr. Read immediately sent Mr. Lewis a 
 commission as deputy attorney-general of Chester County. 
 Mr. Lewis held the office of deputy attorney-general of 
 Chester County as long as Attorney- General Read continued 
 in office. From 1825 to 1860 his practice steadily increased, 
 and gradually became the most extensive at the bar of this 
 county, which was due to his untiring devotion to his pro- 
 fession and the careful preparation which he gave to his 
 cases. 
 
 He was one of the counsel for the defendant in the cele- 
 brated case of the United States vs. Castner Hanway, tried 
 in Philadelphia, for treason. At the time of the celebrated 
 Passmore Williamson case, which occurred about 1853, he 
 wrote several able articles reviewing the whole case. They 
 attracted considerable attention, and appeared in the columns 
 of the North American and Friends' Review. 
 
 In 1857 he was one of the candidates of the Republican 
 party for judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. 
 The Republicans were unsuccessful, but it brought his 
 name prominently before the public. 
 
 He took a leading part in politics, and in 1860 was 
 active in procuring the nomination of Abraham Lincoln as 
 the Republican candidate for the Presidency, believing 
 him, from special inquiry, to be the man for the times. 
 
 He held the office of commissioner of internal revenue 
 from March, 1863, to July, 1865, and brought up the de- 
 partment to a standard of high excellence. He drafted 
 many important acts necessary for the efficient working of 
 the internal revenue system, which were passed by Con- 
 
 Mr. Lewis was held in high esteem by President Lin- 
 coln, who upon more than one occasion assured him of his 
 appreciation of the manner in which he had conducted his 
 office. The relations between them were intimate, and he 
 was frequently consulted by the President about matters of 
 public interest. 
 
 He was married June 5, 1872, to Mrs. P. A. Brooks, 
 widow of James Brooks, Esq., of New Albany, Ind., a gen- 
 tleman of high standing in that State. He has -con- 
 tinued to practice his profession, but for the past two years 
 has been gradually withdrawing from' business. He has 
 always been a public-spirited man, taking an active part in 
 matters of interest to the community. He took a great in- 
 terest in the adoption of the district school system, and from 
 1833 to 1848 was one of the directors of the public schools 
 of this borough, and for a number of years was president of 
 the board. He was elected chief burgess of West Chester 
 in 1839, and was continued in office for five years. 
 
 He was president of the old West Chester Railroad for 
 fifteen years. 
 
 About the year 1850 he was elected president of the 
 board of trustees of the West Chester Academy, of which 
 Dr. Darlington was then secretary, and continued to serve 
 in that capacity until the academy was merged into the 
 West Chester State Normal School. He was also a mem- 
 ber of the Chester County Cabinet from an early period. 
 
 This was an institution started about the year 1837 for the 
 cultivation of natural science, but was merged into the 
 academy. He has always taken an active part in educa- 
 tional matters, and was one of the most active in the estab- 
 lishment of the Normal School, of which he is still one of 
 the trustees. 
 
 Henry Lewis married, 1, 12, 1670, Margaret Philpin, 
 alias Proutherin, and had issue, — 1. Henry, b. 10, 26, 
 1671; 2. Sarah, b. 5, 2, 1673, buried 12,8,1674; 3. 
 Samuel, b. 8, 1, 1676; 4. Elizabeth, b. 12, 14, 1677, m. 
 Richard Hayes. 
 
 (1) Henry married, 10, 20, 1692, at Bartholomew Cop- 
 pock's house in Springfield, Mary Taylor, daughter of Rob- 
 ert Taylor, of Springfield, and had issue, — 5. Isaac, b. 3, 
 5, 1694 ; 6. Mary, b. 2, 5, 1696, died young ; 7. John, b. 
 3, 23, 1697; 8. Sarah, b. 10, 11, 1698; 9. Margaret, b. 
 9, 17, 1700, m. Isaac Price; 10. Mary, b. 10, 16, 1702, 
 m. Thomas Philips ; 11. Hannah, b. 7, 21, 1704. 
 
 (7) John Lewis, of Haverford, mason, married, 1725, 
 Katharine Roberts, daughter of Abel and Mary Roberts, of 
 Radnor, born 8, 28, 1702. Issue.— 12. Abel, b. 8, 12, 
 1726, d. 1766; 13. Mary, b. 11, 1, 1728, m. Benjamin 
 
 Davis ; 14. Samuel, b. ; 15. Rachel, b. 12, 19, 
 
 1734, m. McCulloch; 16. John, b. 5, 31, 1737; 
 
 17. Evan, b. 4, 13, 1740 ; 18. Elizabeth, b. 7, 9, 1743, 
 m. Tucker. 
 
 (12) Abel had children, — Joseph, Abel, and John. 
 
 (14) Samuel Lewis, son of John, of Radnor, married, 2, 
 7, 1759, Catharine Richards, daughter of Samuel, of Tredy- 
 ffrin, and had children, — Samuel, Henry, Jacob, Isaac, 
 John (b. 9, 9, 1772, d. 9, 24, 1851), Jehu, Catharine, 
 Mary, Elizabeth, and Beulah. 
 
 (16) John Lewis, son of John, of Radnor, married, 3, 
 3, 1773, Mary Thomas, daughter of David and Anna 
 (Noble) Thomas, of Providence, Philadelphia Co., who left 
 one son, Abel; married second, 11, 28, 1775, at Pikeland 
 Meeting, Grace Meredith, daughter of John and Grace, 
 of Vincent, born 1, 24, 1745, died 2, 3, 1823. In 1777, 
 John and Grace brought a certificate from Gwynedd 
 Monthly Meeting to Uwchlan, and settled in Vincent. 
 Their children were, — 19. Ann, b. 8, 27, 1776, m. Jona- 
 than Thomas ; 20. Hannah, b. 5, 28, 1779, d. 1856 ; 21. 
 John, b. 3, 29, 1781, d. 2, 5, 1824 ; 22. Mary, b. 4, 10, 
 1783, d. 9, 29, 1823. 
 
 Abel Lewis, son of the first wife, married Robin- 
 son, and had six children. 
 
 (17) Evan Lewis married, 10, 31, 1770, at Newtown 
 Meeting, Esther Massey, daughter of Thomas and Sarah, 
 of Willistown, born 12, 15, 1740-1, died 2, 13, 1773; 
 married second, 12, 20, 1774, at Pikeland Meeting, Jane 
 Meredith, daughter of John and Grace, of Vincent. Is- 
 sue.— 23. Thomas, b. 10, 31, 1771, d. 9, 7, 1827 ; 24. 
 Sarah, b. 11, 29, 1772 ; 25. Enoch, b. 1, 29, 1776, d. 7, 
 14, 1856; 26, Elijah, b. 5, 2, 1778, d. 9, 2, 1861; 27. 
 Abner, b. 11, 21, 1779; 28. Evan, b. 8, 19, 1782; 29. 
 Jane, b. 8, 15, 1786. 
 
 (21) John Lewis married, 9, 10, 1818, at Little Falls 
 Meeting, Md., Esther Fussell, daughter of Bartholomew 
 and Rebecca, born at Hatboro', Pa., 3, 18, 1782, died in 
 Chester County, 2, 8, 1848. After her marriage she re- 
 
t-l-^KJJ^^ ilJ.lX' »JA'Jl.llJL/l.ljU(jiHJA|j_ 
 
 635 
 
 turned to the home of her husband in West Vincent. 
 " She was a woman of remarkable solidity of character, and 
 she exercised a commanding and beneficent influence com- 
 mensurate with her rare ability and intelligence. In the 
 community in which she lived, her well-balanced judgment 
 caused her advice to be sought and accepted by brothers, 
 sisters, friends, neighbors, and dependants. Her life was 
 one of distinguished usefulness and worth. It was she 
 who so powerfully influenced her brother. Dr. Bartholomew 
 Fussell, in his determination to secure the medical educa- 
 tion of women." — Dawson Genealogy. 
 
 They had five children, all born in Chester County: 
 Mariann, b. 6, 6, 1819, d. in West Vincent, 1866 ; Re- 
 becca, b. 6, 10, 1820, m. Edwin Fussell ; Graceanna, b. 8, 
 3, 1821, unmarried; Charles, b. 9, 11, 1822, d. 10, 18, 
 1823 ; Elizabeth K, b. 1, 15, 1824, d. 10, 10, 1863. 
 
 In the history of the " Underground Railroad," it is 
 said of Mariann, Graceanna, and Elizabeth R. that they 
 " were among the most faithful, devoted, and quietly 
 efficient workers in the anti-slavery cause, including that 
 department of it which is the subject of this volume." 
 Graceanna resides at Media, the home of her sister, Re- 
 becca Fussell. She is a devoted student of natural history, 
 and especially of ornithology, on which and kindred topics 
 she has frequently delivered courses of lectures. She has 
 in preparation for publication a comprehensive work on 
 Natural History, based on the most advanced ideas of 
 scientific thought. 
 
 (23) Thomas Lewis married Martha George, daughter 
 of John and Sarah. She died 3, 2, 1836. Their children 
 were John G., b. 8, 27, 1797, d. 12, 21, 1849 ; Evan, 
 b. 2, 5, 1799, d. 4, 30, 1858 ; Elijah, b. 2, 5, 1799. His 
 residence was near the scene of the " Christiana Riot," in 
 which certain slave-owners lost their lives in the attempt to 
 capture runaway slaves, and he was indicted for treason for 
 declining to assist the former, but was acquitted. Josiah, 
 b. 9, 1, 1803 ; Charles, b. 11, 5, 1807, d. 7, 18, 1826 ; 
 Thomas, b. 9, 7, 1809, d. 4th mo. 1862. 
 
 (26) Elijah Lewis, of Radnor, married, 9, 19, 1799, 
 Esther Massey, daughter of Thomas and Jane, of Willis- 
 town, where he settled. Their children were Thomas M., 
 Enos, Richard, Ann (married Jesse G. Hicks and Truman 
 Yarnall), Jane (married Nathan Garrett), Sarah (married 
 John Smedley), and Enos Montgomery Lewis. 
 
 Ralph Lewis, with his wife, Mary, and family, emigrated 
 from the parish of Ulan, in Glamorganshire, and came over 
 in company with John Bevan in 1683 or 1684, and settled 
 in Haverford. He was a member of the Society of Friends 
 by convincement, and the certificate brought with him at- 
 tests the excellence of his character and the innocency of 
 his life. His children who survived him were Mary, who 
 married James, and Lydia, who married Joseph Sharpless, 
 both sons of the immigrant John Sharpless ; Abraham, 
 who married Mary, daughter of Anthony Morgan ; Thomas, 
 who married Jane, daughter of Rees Meridith, of Radnor; 
 Sarah, who married William, son of Richard Walters, of 
 Merion; and Samuel, married to Phebe, daughter of Jo- 
 siah Taylor, of Marple. Ralph Lewis died about 1710, 
 and his wife six years earlier. 
 
 William Lewis, with his wife, Ann, came from 
 
 the parish of Ulan, in Glamorganshire, Wales, about the 
 year 1686, and settled in the northeastern part of Haver- 
 ford township. He was a brother of Ralph Lewis. Their 
 son David was married to Ann Jones, of Merion, in 1695. 
 William Lewis removed to Newtown, where he and his wife 
 died in the early part of 1708, within a few days of each 
 other. They were both members of the religious Society 
 of Friends, William being frequently called upon in the 
 administration of the afi'airs of his meeting. Besides his 
 son David, who settled on the mansion tract in Haverford, 
 Wm. Lewis had three sons, viz. : Lewis, Evan, and William, 
 and one daughter. Seaborn. Lewis married Mary Powell, 
 of Bristol ; Evan, Mary, the daughter of Jonathan and 
 Ann Hayes, of Marple; and William, Gwen Jones, of 
 Gwynedd. Evan died in 1735, and William, the younger, 
 in 1731. The daughter was born in 1686 at sea, and 
 hence the name. All the sons but David settled in New- 
 town. 
 
 Ellis Lewis was born in Wales about the year 1680. 
 His father dying while he was quite young, his mother 
 married Owen Roberts. They all appear to have been 
 Quakers, and about the year 1698 made arrangements for 
 migrating to Pennsylvania. They had proceeded so far as 
 to forward their goods, but severe sickness of the family 
 obliged them to remain. After being restored to health 
 they did not carry out their original design, but removed 
 to Mountmellick, Ireland, where they resided till 1708, 
 when Ellis obtained a certificate from the meeting at that 
 place and came to Pennsylvania. Being a Welshman he 
 met with a kind reception from the Welsh Friends of Hav- 
 erford, a number of whom were probably his relatives. 
 The next year (1709) he removed within the bounds of 
 Concord Meeting, and in 1713 was married to Elizabeth, 
 the daughter of Nathaniel Newlin. In 1716 he removed 
 to Kennet, and, his wife dying in 1723, he some time after- 
 wards married Mary Baldwin. In 1749 he removed to 
 Wilmington, and died 6, 31, 1750, aged seventy years. He 
 is said to have been a man of good understanding, and 
 was frequently concerned in settling differences among his 
 neighbors. The Hon. Ellis Lewis, formerly chief justice 
 of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, is said to be de- 
 scended from him. His children were Robert, b. 1, 21, 
 1714; Mary, b. 1, 6, 1716, m. Joshua Pusey; Nathaniel, 
 b. 10, 11, 1717, d. 7, 1, 1751 ; Ellis, b. 3, 22, 1719. 
 
 William Lewis, son of Josiah Lewis, was born in 
 Edgmont about the year 1748, on the farm since owned by 
 Samuel L. Smedley. His mother it is believed was Martha 
 Allen. His early years were passed in the rustic labors of 
 the farm, but by industrious efforts at self-teaching he 
 acquired a tolerably good English education, and then en- 
 gaged in the study of law with Nicholas Wain, an eminent 
 Quaker, and distinguished lawyer of Philadelphia. While 
 a student he mastered enough Latin and French to enable 
 him to read old entries and reports, and he did read them 
 faithfully. His literary tincture is believed to have been 
 light, probably scarcely amounting to what may be called 
 the middle tincture, — now pretty common. He was some- 
 thing of a purist in language, and very exact in pronuncia- 
 tion. No man of his day knew the doctrines of the com- 
 mon law better. He came to the Philadelphia bar before 
 
636 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 the adoption of the State constitution of 17*76 ; was engaged 
 in nearly all the important causes, particularly in cases of 
 high treason, for which he had a special vocation and ca- 
 pacity. In these causes he was uniformly on the side of the 
 defendant. It may afford a distinct idea of his political 
 sentiments to state that during the administrations of Wash- 
 ington and John Adams, and continuously during life, Mr. 
 Lewis was a thorough Federalist, — amusingly anti-Gralli- 
 can, and entirely anti-Jeffersonian. He was district judge 
 of Pennsylvania from 1791 to 1792, when Judge Peters 
 was appointed. 
 
 He was counsel for the petitioners, in 1794, against the 
 election of Albert Gallatin to the U. S. Senate. "The 
 fillet with which fiction covers the eyes of Justice to make 
 her blind to the inequality of the parties is taken from her 
 eyes, and her arms are pinioned with it. The old doctrine 
 of contempt of court is an immense safeguard to trial by 
 jury." William Lewis had his peculiarities with regard to 
 the fashions of dress. He abominated the Galilean inven- 
 tion, as be called it, of pantaloons, and stuck to knee- 
 breeches all his life. Under the same prejudice, he adhered 
 to hair-powder and a cue, because the French Revolution- 
 ists had first rejected them from their armies. 
 
 He had a peculiarity in solemn speaking which never 
 deserted him, — a lingering upon a few emphatic words, as 
 if he could not get them out. He also had a habit of 
 sounding certain monosyllables as if consisting of two syl- 
 lables. Clear and plain were uttered as if written cuUear 
 and pul-lain. On one occasion, in court, he pronounced as 
 follows : " And this, may it please your Honors, is as cul- 
 lear and as pul-lain as that the devil is in Paris ; and that 
 nobody can doubt." Mr. Lewis was an incessant smoker 
 of cigars. He smoked at the fireplace and in the court- 
 room ; he smoked in the court-library ; he smoked in his 
 office ; he smoked in the street ; he smoked in bed ; and 
 he would have smoked in church, if he had ever gone 
 there. 
 
 The last cause he tried was in the spring of 1819, and 
 he died in the month of August following. William Lewis 
 was a very learned lawyer, fully awake to the elevation and 
 dignity of his profession. He was a clear and logical 
 reasoner, and of very vigorous mind, rising, at times, in his 
 oral arguments to the highest eloquence of reason, though 
 no man cultivated less the graces of oratory. He was, 
 moreover, subtle, ingenious, full of resources, and perhaps 
 as shining an advocate in a bad or doubtful cause as he was 
 unquestionably able in a good one. 
 
 His residence in Philadelphia was on the east bank of 
 the Schuylkill above Girard Avenue, now within Fairmount 
 Park. 
 
 Richard Barnard Lewis was distinguished as a civil 
 engineer. Entered the service of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
 road Company in 1845, where he remained seven years. 
 In 1852 he was appointed chief engineer of the Vicksburg 
 and Meridian Railroad. He was afterwards superintendent 
 of the work of the Hoosac tunnel, but on account of the cli- 
 matic effect upon his health he returned to Mississippi. In 
 1864 he returned to the service of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
 and was made superintendent of one of their branch roads, 
 and was soon afterwards elected president of the Broad Top 
 
 Railroad. He resigned the latter position to accept the 
 superintendency of the St. Louis and Vandalia Railroad. 
 Mr. Lewis was selected by the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
 pany to assist Capt. Eads in the location of the St. Louis 
 bridge. He built the Carthage branch of the Chicago, 
 Burlington and Quincy Railroad ; the Quincy, Alton and 
 St. Louis Railroad to Louisiana, and the St. Joseph and 
 Atchison Railroad. 
 
 Mr. Lewis was fond of literary pursuits and study, and 
 yet his name is connected with much of the important civil 
 engineering of the country, particularly in the South and 
 West. He was born in Chester County about 1825, and 
 died at his home, Quincy, III, about 1879. His life was 
 unostentatious, though busy and successful, and he was dis- 
 tinguished for his domestic and social virtues. 
 
 LLOYD, David, a Welshman, and one of the most 
 eminent of the early settlers of Pennsylvania, arrived at 
 Philadelphia in 1686, and at first settled in that city, where 
 he married Grace Growdon, a most estimable lady. By 
 profession he was a lawyer, and William Penn, being well 
 acquainted with his abilities and legal attainments, commis- 
 sioned him the same year as attorney-general of the prov- 
 ince. He was greatly in advance of his age in his views 
 of good government, and particularly in a correct compre- 
 hension of the rights of the governed. These he advocated 
 with so much zeal and ability that he rarely failed in carry- 
 ing his point. In opposing what were then called " the pro- 
 prietary interests," but what often were nothing more than 
 proprietary pretensions, he acquired the reputation, particu- 
 larly with those in interest with the government, of being 
 perverse and factious as a politician, but time has served to 
 correct that judgment, for the instances are few indeed 
 where the positions assumed and the arguments advanced 
 by him would not be fully sustained and approved by the 
 present age. His integrity and abilities were never ques- 
 tioned. 
 
 Besides the office of attorney-general, he was deputy regis- 
 ter-general under his Welsh friend, Thomas Ellis ; deputy 
 or clerk of the master of rolls ; was frequently a member of 
 the Assembly, and Speaker of that body. In 1717 he re- 
 ceived the appointment of chief justice of Pennsylvania, and 
 continued to hold that office till his death. As a Quaker, 
 David Lloyd was zealous and consistent, frequent in his 
 attendance at the meetings of that society, and sometimes 
 appearing in the ministry. The Welsh Friends, whose 
 meetings he sometimes visited, submitted difficult ques- 
 tions arising in church matters to his final determina- 
 tion. In his family " he was exemplary, treating all about 
 him with humanity, and choosing rather to be loved than 
 feared." 
 
 In 1691 he purchased a large tract of land at Chester, 
 embracing a considerable portion of what is now the im- 
 proved part of the borough, but he did not remove to that 
 place till about the year 1712. His only dwelling-house 
 at Chester, now known as " the Commodore Porter house," 
 was built by himself. He left no children, and few rela- 
 tives in this country. He died 2, 6, 1731, aged seventy- 
 five years. His wife survived him twenty-nine years. 
 The remains of both repose in Friends' burial-ground at 
 Chester. 
 
i.j.wuixvAjrxiiUAjj jXiMj OrJKiNJiALUUlUAL. 
 
 637 
 
 LIGHTFOOT, Thomas, born about 1645, probably in 
 Cambridgeshire; went thence to Ireland, and in 1716 came 
 to New Garden, Chester Co. He removed to Darby town- 
 ship shortly before his death, which occurred 9, 4, 1725. 
 The name of his first wife is thought to be Mary, and that 
 of his second Sarah, a widow. The children of his first 
 wife were Catharine, who married James Miller; Michael ; 
 William, who remained in Ireland ; and Abigail, who mar- 
 ried Joseph Wiley. By the second wife were Elizabeth, 
 b. 1, 11, 1695-6, m. Arthur Jones; Sarah, b. 5, 29, 1698, 
 d. 1702 ; Samuel, b. 2, 5, 1701, d. 2, 26, 1777 ; Margaret, 
 b. 12, 18, 1702, m. Isaac Starr; Jacob, b. 10, 16, 1706, 
 m. Mary Bonsall, 3, 25, 1735. 
 
 Michael Lightfoot, the eldest son, with Mary, his wife, 
 and three children, came from Ireland in 1712, and settled 
 in New Garden ; afterwards removed to Philadelphia, and 
 was provincial treasurer at the time of his death, 12, 3, 
 1754. His children were Sarah, b. 4, 30, 1707, m. John 
 Button ; Elinor, b. 10, 16, 1708, m. Francis Farvin ; Mary, 
 b. 1, 20, 1710-1, m. Samuel Clarke; Katharine, b. 6, 12, 
 1714; Thomas, b. 5, 16, 1716; William, b. 3, 22, 1720, 
 m. Jane George. 
 
 Samuel Lightfoot married, 7, 30, 1725, Mary, daughter 
 of Benjamin Head, of Chester, and afterwards settled in 
 Pikeland. He was a surveyor. His children were Ben- 
 jamin, b. 6, 28, 1726, also a surveyor ; Thomas, b. 2, 7, 
 1728, d. 10, 5, 1793 ; Samuel Abbott, b. 1, 7, 1729-30, 
 d. 7, 30, 1759, at Pittsburgh ; William, b. 1, 20, 1732, d. 
 11, 25, 1797. 
 
 Thomas Lightfoot, Sr., was a prominent minister among 
 Friends, as were also his daughter Catharine and son 
 Michael. 
 
 LINDLEY, James, with Eleanor, his wife, a sister of 
 Thomas Parke, of East Cain, came from Ireland, and 
 brought a certificate from Carlow Monthly Meeting to that 
 of Newark, held 8, 3, 1713. He purchased 200 acres in 
 New Garden in 1713, and 400 in Londongrove in 1722, in 
 the deed for which he is styled a blacksmith. Thomas 
 Lindley, a brother, perhaps, was a blacksmith in Philadel- 
 phia, but owned land in Cain, which he sold to Thomas 
 Parke. 
 
 The children of James and Eleanor Lindley were 
 Thomas, b. 2, 25, 1706 ; Rachel, b. 5, 11, 1707 ; James, 
 b. 4, 30, 1709 ; Margery ; Robert, b. 4, 30, 1712 ; Wil- 
 liam, b. 12, 20, 1714, d. 10, 26, 1726 ; Alice, b. 2, 25, 
 1716; Mary, b. 9, 4, 1717 ; Jonathan, b. 3, 11, 1719, m. 
 Deborah Halliday, 2, 15, 1741 ; Elizabeth, b. 8, 4, 1720 ; 
 Hannah, b. 1, 11, 1723 ; Eleanor, b. 1, 11, 1727-8. 
 
 James Lindley died 10, 13, 1726, and his widow mar- 
 ried Henry Jones. Thomas, the eldest son, married Ruth 
 Hadley and went to Orange Co., N. C. The children of 
 Jonathan and Deborah Lindley were Jacob, b. 9, 18, 
 1744, m. 11, 14, 1782, to Hannah, widow of William 
 Miller; James, b. 10, 18, 1746; Jonathan, b. 9, 18, 1750 ; 
 Deborah, b. 12, 26, 1753 ; Ruth, m. 11, 6, 1800, to David 
 Wilson. 
 
 Jacob Lindley was a noted minister among Friends, and 
 belonged to New Garden Meeting. 
 
 LIPPARD, Geoege. — This distinguished novelist and 
 author was born near the Yellow Springs, Chester Co., 
 
 April 10, 1822. His ancestors were among the earliest 
 settlers of the State, and in the " Old Time Graveyard," 
 in Germantown, so vividly described and so dearly loved by 
 Mr. Lippard, their remains repose in one unbroken line. 
 At the age of fifteen he entered the office, in Philadelphia, 
 of Mr. William Badger as a law student, and subsequently, 
 from personal considerations only, transferred the scene of 
 his studies to the office of Ovid F. Johnston, then attorney- 
 general of the State. In the fall of 1841 he became asso- 
 ciated with The Spirit of the Times, to which his first 
 literary exertions were contributed. His quaint sayings, 
 humorous chapters, and pungent paragraphs soon made the 
 paper sought after by all who could appreciate a clever 
 joke, or a piquant recital of the doings of the world around 
 them. 
 
 The first novel, we believe, from his pen, entitled " The 
 Ladye Annabel," published in The Citizen Soldier, cre- 
 ated a decided sensation. Thousands read and re-read its 
 exciting pages with the utmost interest and gratification, 
 and week after week the edition of the paper was exhausted 
 at an early moment. He commenced his author-life at 
 twenty, and for twelve years toiled almost unceasingly, and 
 his prominent works and literary labors are noticed more at 
 length under the head of " Educational and Literary," in 
 this history. 
 
 LONGSTRETH, Bartholomew, born in Longstroth 
 Dale, deanery of Craven, Yorkshire, England, 8, 24, 1679, 
 came to Pennsylvania, bringing a certificate from Settle 
 Meeting dated 1, 1, 1698-9. Having by industry and 
 economy laid up about £400, he undertook a trading voy- 
 age to Tortola, but his consignment was lost at sea, and he 
 was taken sick on his arrival by another vessel. Return- 
 ing to Pennsylvania, he bought land on Edge Hill, on the 
 line between Philadelphia and Bucks Counties, afterwards 
 settling in Warminster, Bucks Co. He married, at Hors- 
 ham, 11, 29, 1727, Ann Dawson, born in London, 1705, 
 daughter of John and Dorothy, of Moreland, Philadelphia 
 Co. 
 
 Bartholomew died suddenly, August 8, 1749, and was 
 buried at Horsham. . His widow married, 6, 7, 1753, Rob- 
 ert Tomkins, of Warrington, Bucks Co., by whom she is said 
 to have been unkindly treated ; for which reason she left 
 him, and lived for a time with her son Daniel at the home- 
 stead, afterwards removing to Charlestown, Chester Co., 
 bringing a certificate from Abington for herself and three 
 younger children, Elizabeth, Joseph, and Benjamin, which 
 was presented to Goshen Monthly Meeting 10, 15, 1759. 
 She died 3, 18, 1783, and was buried at Friends' grave- 
 yard, Pikeland, near Kimberton, as was also her mother, 
 Dorothy Dawson. Having a slave in her possession, named 
 Solomon, she executed a paper of manumission, dated 7, 7, 
 1775, she ' ' feeling a disposition of mind to do upright and 
 impartial justice unto all men." 
 
 Children of Bartholomew and Ann Longstreth: Sarah, 
 b. 11, 8, 1728-9, d. 9, 21, 1800, m. William Fussell ; John, 
 b. 4, 10, 1730, d. 1737 ; Daniel, b. 2, 28, 1732, d. 11, 19, 
 1803, m. twice ; Jane, b. 1, 18, 1733-4, d. aged 20 months ; 
 Jane, b. 11, 23, 1735-6, d. 5, 16, 1795, m. Jonathan 
 Coates; Ann, b. 11, 3, 1737-8, d. 6, 26, 1824, m. Benja- 
 min Coates ; John, b. 8, 25, 1739, d. 4, 16, 1817, m. Jane 
 
638 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Minsball; Elizabeth, b. 3, 15, 1741, d. 6, 28, 1813, m. 
 Joseph Starr; Isaac, b. 12, 16, 1742-3, d. 12, 4, 1817, m. 
 Martha Thomas ; Joseph, b. 10, 11, 1744, d. 1798 or 1803, 
 m. Susannah Morris ; Benjamin, b. 7, 17, 1746 (or 9), d. 
 8, 4, 1802, m. Sarah Fussell. 
 
 John LoDgstreth married Jane, daughter of John and 
 Sarah Minshall, and lived at what is now Phoenixville. 
 They had seven children, — Daniel, Hannah, John, Sarah, 
 Anne, Moses, Jane. 
 
 Benjamin Longstreth married Sarah, daughter of Solo- 
 mon Fussell, and his second wife, Mary Wilson, b. 10, 12, 
 1751, died 4, 23, 1797. He built the first iron-works at 
 Phcenixville, and is therefore claimed to have been the 
 founder of the town. His children were Joseph, William 
 W., Benjamin, Mary, Ann, Sarah, Samuel, Elizabeth, 
 Bachel W., Hannah, Jacob, and George P. Longstreth. 
 
 LOVE, Rev. Thomas. — The Love family were among 
 the early settlers in Fagg's Manor, and several of its mem- 
 bers have at different times filled important positions, both 
 in church and state. Among them was Kev. Thomas 
 Love, who was born in 1796, and died Dec. 22, 1879. His 
 early life was spent on his father's farm, where he acquired 
 a robust frame, a knowledge of agriculture, and a practical 
 ingenuity which often served him in good purpose in after- 
 life. He was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of New 
 Castle, April 2, 1823, and on Dec. 1, 1825, became pastor 
 of the church of Lower Brandywine, then called the " Old 
 Log Church," and of Red Clay Creek, long known as 
 " McKennan's Meeting-house," both in Delaware and near 
 to the line of Chester County. He had charge of the for- 
 mer until Oct. 7, 1856, and of the latter until June 1, 
 1862, after which he passed the remainder of his long and 
 useful life on his farm in Delaware. He was a sound, plain, 
 and instructive preacher, and possessed a spirit which made 
 his name of Love a truthful one. The influence of his life 
 and character, as well as his words, in promoting temper- 
 ance, education, religion, and everything good, was wide, 
 and acknowledged in all the region in^ which his lot was 
 cast. He was married in 1823 to Miss Sarah Latta, one 
 of that remarkable family which furnished with him five 
 well-known and useful ministers. He left one child, a 
 daughter, who married a Mr. Springer. Of his grand- 
 children, one — Rev. Thomas Love Springer — is a pastor in 
 York Co., Pa., and two are physicians. 
 
 LOOMIS, Davis K. — The Loomis family at an early 
 date emigrated from the north of England. William, one 
 of several brothers, settled in Nantmeal township, in this 
 county. His son John .married Faithful Strickland, a 
 sister of Judge Nimrod Strickland. Their son John mar- 
 ried Rebecca Davis, who had five sons and three daughters. 
 Of these, the second son and third child was Davis K. 
 Loomis, born Aug. 27, 1847. In addition to the public 
 schools, he attended the Oakdale Academy at Pughtown, 
 and afterwards the Normal School at Millersville, Pa. He 
 subsequently taught school in East Vincent and in Berks 
 County, and later clerked for D. S. Taylor, a merchant in 
 Spring City ; then embarked in mercantile business at 
 East Vincent post-office, under the firm-name of Loomis 
 & Hiestand, where he was postmaster two years. He then 
 removed to Philadelphia, and was engaged in a fancy gro- 
 
 cery-store, where he remained until 1876, when he removed 
 to Nantmeal village, where he has since resided, busily en- 
 gaged in the mercantile business. In 1878 he was a can- 
 didate in the Republican county convention for protho- 
 notary, and came within two votes of securing the nomina- 
 tion. In 1876 he was appointed postmaster, and resigned 
 in 1878. 
 
 Mr. Loomis was married, Jan. 2, 1873, to Mary L., daugh- 
 
 ter of John and Sarah Latshaw, of East Pikeland township, 
 by whom he has two children, Sarah Rebecca and Ora Kate. 
 He took the symbolical degrees of Masonry in 1870, in 
 Mount Pickering Lodge, No. 446, and is a member of 
 Phoenix Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, No. 198, at Phoe- 
 nixville, where he received the capitular degrees in 1871. 
 In East Nantmeal township the first of the Loomis family 
 to buy land was William, who, on April 20, 1797, pur- 
 chased two tracts. 
 
 LOWDEN, John, a noted Quaker preacher, came to 
 New Garden in 1711, and it may have been at his sug- 
 gestion that the township was named, as it appears he had 
 been a member of New Garden Meeting, in the county of 
 Carlow, Ireland. During the short time he lived in this 
 country he traveled much in the ministry. He died intes- 
 tate, 1st mo. 19, 1713-4, and the granting of letters of ad- 
 ministration on his estate was the first act of the kind on 
 record in Chester County. Previous to that time letters of 
 administration were granted by the register-general in Phila- 
 delphia for the whole province. 
 
 John Lowden had a son William, born in 1704, and per- 
 haps James and Richard. The widow, Margaret Lowden, 
 was married, in 1716, to Joseph Garnett. 
 
iSiUWIlArnHJAlJ Ai>IL» lJJiJNJ<;ALU(jrHJAL. 
 
 639 
 
 McADEN, Rev. Hugh, was born in Chester Co., 
 Pa. ; graduated at Princeton in 1753 ; studied theology 
 under the direction of John Blair, at Fagg's Manor, and 
 was licensed to preach by New Castle Presbytery in 1755. 
 He became pastor of churches in North Carolina in 1759 ; 
 and died Jan. 20, 1781, leaving a widow and seven chil- 
 dren. He suffered much from the ravages of the British 
 army during the Revolutionary war. Two days before his 
 death the army passed by, ransacked his house, destroyed 
 his papers and many other valuables, and within two weeks 
 thereafter took up their quarters in one of the churches 
 where he had preached. He faithfully fulfilled his duties, 
 and left behind him an honorable memory. 
 
 McCAUGHEY, Enoch S.— Nathaniel McCaughey 
 came from Londonderry, Ireland, in 1797, and settled in 
 Sadsbury township, of this county. He married Jeannette 
 Stewart [a granddaughter of Walter Stewart, who emi- 
 
 ^ S..y0fa^^f 
 
 grated to Chester County about 1720, and married Mar- 
 garet Andrew. Walter Stewart died in April, 1778, and 
 his wife Margaret (Andrew) Sept. 7, 1748, aged thirty- 
 eight years. Both are buried in Upper Octorara grave- 
 yard]. To Nathaniel and Jeannette (Stewart) McCaughey 
 were born four children, of whom the eldest was Enoch S. 
 McCaughey, born in Sadsbury township, April 6, 1810. 
 He spent his boyhood days on the farm, and was engaged 
 in agricultural pursuits until he was twenty-five years of 
 age. He then entered into the mercantile business, which 
 he continued for fifteen years, when he began farming in 
 what is now East Cain township, being thus engaged some 
 eighteen years. For the past twelve years he has been in 
 the mercantile business in Downingtown. He married, 
 March 18, 1839, Eunice M., daughter of Samuel and 
 Sarah Bunn, of Honeybrook township. To them four 
 children have been born, — William Franklin, John Alfred, 
 
 Robert, deceased in his fourth year, and Edwin M. His 
 wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church, in which 
 faith he was educated. A Democrat of the Jeffersonian 
 school, his first Presidential vote was cast for Gen. Jackson, 
 in 1832. He was postmaster of Churchtown, Lancaster 
 Co., for two years, and six years at Coatesville, in this 
 county, during the administrations of Presidents Van Buren 
 and Polk. He is now engaged at Downingtown in the gen- 
 eral mercantile business, under the firm-name of E. S. Mc- 
 Caughey & Son. He has been successful in business, and 
 merits the good name his upright conduct and integrity 
 have given him in public estimation. 
 
 MACLAY, WiLLiAM.^It is not generally known that 
 one of the first senators of the United States from Penn- 
 sylvania was of Chester County birth. These senators 
 were Robert Morris and William Maclay. The father of 
 the latter was Charles Maclay, who was born in county 
 Antrim, Ireland, in 1703, married Eleanor Query, and emi- 
 grated to America in 1734, and settled in Chester Co., Pa., 
 where their son, William Maclay, was born, July 20, 1737. 
 The family, in 1740, removed to Lurgan township, in (now) 
 Franklin County. William Maclay's early education was 
 acquired under Rev. John Blair, at one time pastor of the 
 Fagg's Manor Church, in this county, and an eminent edu- 
 cator. He read law, and was admitted to the York County 
 bar April 28, 1760, but never practiced his profession, en- 
 tering the service of the proprietaries as deputy surveyor of 
 Berks County, then embracing the northwestern part of 
 the State. In 1772, upon the organization of Northum- 
 berland County, he was appointed prothonotary and clerk 
 of the courts. After holding these oflSces six years he was, 
 in 1781, elected to the Assembly, and from that time for- 
 ward, as member of Assembly and of the Supreme Execu- 
 tive Council, Indian commissioner, etc., he was a control- 
 ling factor in moulding the legislation and settling the land 
 titles of Pennsylvania. He served in the Senate of the 
 United States two years, on the first organization of that 
 body, where he did much to develop those ideas which led 
 to the formation of the Democratic party, and in this he, 
 in fact, preceded Jefferson, although historians give the 
 credit to the latter. He had, however, assumed an inde- 
 pendent position and opposed the tendency of Federal 
 principles and ideas before Jefferson's return from Europe. 
 
 In connection with the surveyor-general, Mr. Maclay laid 
 out the town of Sunbury for the Penns in 1772, where 
 he built a stone mansion, still standing. He married Mary 
 Harris, daughter of John Harris, subsequently proprietor 
 of Harrisburg, on Sept. 15, 1774. He afterwards removed 
 to his farm, now within the limits of Harrisburg, where he 
 died, April 16, 1804, in the sixty-seventh year of his age, 
 and being at the time a member of Assembly from Dau- 
 phin County. His descendants have been prominent in so- 
 ciety, business, and the professions, in this and other States. 
 
 McCLBLLAN, Joseph, one of the earnest men of the 
 Revolutionary epoch, was the eldest of eight children of 
 James and Martha McClellan, and was born in the town- 
 ship of Middletown, Chester (now Delaware) Co., April 
 28, 1747. His father, who was a substantial and industrious 
 farmer, removed, about the year 1770, from Middletown to 
 Sadsbury township, in the county of Chester. In the be- 
 
640 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY", PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ginning of the year 1776 the Rev. Mr. Foster, a Presby- 
 terian clergyman, preached a sermon to the young men of 
 his congregation and neighborhood at the Octorara church 
 upon the subject of their duty to their country in its then 
 trying situation. 
 
 Joseph McClellan was present, and the fire of his pa- 
 triotism was enkindled. On mature reflection he resolved 
 to engage in the service of his country, much to the cha- 
 grin of his mother, who refused thereafter, it is said, to 
 recognize the minister who had thus influenced her son. 
 By the intervention of the pastor and some other friends, 
 Mr. McClellan was appointed lieutenant of a company of 
 musketeers, commanded by Abraham Marshall, and July 
 15, 1776, was appointed a captain in the battalion com- 
 manded by Col. Samuel Atlee. He was then transferred 
 to the 9th Regiment of the Pennsylvania line, to serve 
 during the war, in which situation he continued until 
 March 22, 1781, when, in consequence of the reduction of 
 the Pennsylvania line to six regiments, he was transferred 
 to the 2d Regiment, commanded by Col. Walter Stew- 
 art. From the time of his joining the army until his res- 
 ignation, Capt. McClellan was generally with its main body, 
 and marched with it in its several movements in New York, 
 New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. He 
 was in the battles of Long Island, Brandywine, and Mon- 
 mouth. His regiment was not at Trenton, and illness pre- 
 vented his presence at Germantown. 
 
 Capt. McClellan was remarkably steady and temperate 
 in his habits, a strict disciplinarian, and always ready and 
 reliable for active duty. 
 
 He continued in the service until June 13, 1781, when 
 Gren. Wayne, after repeated solicitations, consented to rec- 
 ommend the acceptance of his resignation to the commander- 
 in-chief. His reason for resigning was a conviction of filial 
 duty ; his parents had become infirm and helpless, and were 
 left alone in their old age. Gen. Wayne, in an indorse- 
 ment upon the back of Capt. McClellan's commission, tes- 
 tifies to his merits : "... It is a duty which I owe to 
 justice and merit, to declare that the conduct of Capt. 
 McClellan upon every occasion has been that of a brave, 
 active, and vigilant oflBcer, which will ever recommend him 
 to the attention of the country and the esteem of his fellow- 
 citizens." 
 
 In 1784, Joseph McClellan was elected a commissioner 
 of Chester County. In 1786 he married Keziah, daughter 
 of Joseph Parke, Esq., and soon after settled on a farm on 
 the southern side of West Chester, within the borough 
 limits, where he resided a number of years. In August, 
 1790, he was elected lieutenant of Chester County, with 
 the rank of colonel. In 1792 he was elected sherifi", and 
 in 1794, upon the outbreak of the Whisky Rebellion in 
 Western Pennsylvania, he promptly raised a volunteer troop 
 of cavalry, composed of the gentlemen and gentlemen's sons 
 of the county, and led them to headquarters ready for action. 
 In 1797, Col. McClellan was elected a member of the State 
 Senate, and in 1811 he was appointed chairman of a com- 
 mission to purchase a suitable lot and erect an academy in 
 the borough of West Chester, which was accordingly done. 
 
 In 1814 the Bank of Chester County was established, 
 of which Joseph McClellan was the first president. 
 
 Some time afterwards, on retiring from the service of the 
 bank, he purchased and removed to a farm in Brandywine 
 township, in the cultivation and improvement of which he 
 passed the remainder of his days. 
 
 Upon the visit of Gen. Lafayette to the United States, 
 in 1824-25, Col. McClellan was appointed chairman of a 
 large committee to invite the " nation's guest" to visit the 
 battle-grounds of the Brandywine, and witness the joyous 
 manifestations of a grateful people. The aged patriot 
 promptly accepted the appointment, mounted the Revolu- 
 tionary cockade on his hat, and was never "among the 
 missing" when anything was to be done. Having served 
 long under Lafayette, the meeting of the colonel with his 
 old commander was a touching scene. This was the last 
 appearance of Col. McClellan on a public occasion. He 
 died Oct. 13, 1834, after a short illness, in his eighty- 
 eighth year, and was interred in the grave of his father, at 
 Octorara Meeting-house, where he had first been aroused 
 to that sense of duty to his country to which his heart so 
 promptly and so faithfully responded. Col. McClellan was 
 a true soldier, a good citizen, a professing Christian, and an 
 upright man. 
 
 He was the father of four children, and left a widow and 
 two of the children, with a number of descendants, to 
 cherish his memory, to inherit his enviable reputation, and 
 ■emulate his noble example. 
 
 His daughter Ann, born Aug. 15, 1787, became the 
 wife of William Hemphill. 
 
 Lieut. Samuel McClellan, of Col. Montgomery's 
 regiment of Flying Camp, was captured at Fort Washing- 
 ton Nov. 16, 1776, and confined on Long Island. He was 
 admitted to parole May 20, 1777, but on Sept. 29, 1779, 
 was ordered into the prisons in New York. He received 
 the attention of Mr. Pintard, Mr. Skinner, and Mr. Adams, 
 who furnished him with supplies. He was exchanged 
 Dec. 7, 1780, and returned to his home in Chester Co., 
 Pa. 
 
 Dr. Robert L. McClellan. — Robert L. McClellan, 
 son of Samuel W. and Fanny B. McClellan (and grandson 
 of Robert and Hannah Whiting McClellan, and Edward 
 and Hannah Roberts Pearce), was born in West Brandy- 
 wine township, Chester Co., Pa., Oct. 20, 1822. His 
 scholastic education was obtained in the common schools, 
 and in Joshua Hoopes' academy in West Chester. He 
 commenced teaching at the Union school-house, in his 
 native township, during the winter of 1840-41, and his suc- 
 cess may be inferred from the fact that he taught in that 
 house for six winters and two summers, meanwhile doing 
 something at land-surveying and conveyancing, and assist- 
 ing on his father's farm, until April, 1847, when he com- 
 menced the study of dentistry with Sharpless Clayton. 
 After fifteen months thus spent, he was engaged as an as- 
 sistant, alternately, with William H. Thompson, in Coates- 
 ville, and Robert W. McKissick, in Cochranville, until the 
 death of the latter, in the early part of 1851, when he com- 
 menced for himself the practice of dentistry in the rooms 
 which he had lately occupied. 
 
 Although he had enjoyed better opportunities of obtain- 
 ing dental knowledge than are usually possessed by students, 
 yet, after he had practiced his profession for some time, he 
 
BlOttKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 641 
 
 DE. ROBERT L. McCLELLAN. 
 
 resolved to obtain more knowledge of the adjuncts apper- 
 taining to the dental science. With this in view, in the 
 winter of 1855-56 he matriculated in Philadelphia, and 
 attended lectures in a dental and medical college, and also 
 in the Philadelphia School of Anatomy, presided over by 
 Dr. David Hayes Agnew. Graduating at the Dental Col- 
 lege with the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery, he re- 
 turned to Cochranville and resumed the practice of his 
 profession. From that time he has been favored with a 
 large and successful business. 
 
 In the fall of 1861 he was elected to the State Legis- 
 lature as a member of the House of Representatives, and 
 re-elected in 1862 and 1863. He was an active member, 
 serving upon the Committee on Education (the third session 
 as its chairman), introduced the first propositions to abolish 
 Saturday sessions in our common schools, and in 1864 
 introduced and advocated the passage of the first bill for 
 the creation of the Pennsylvania Soldiers' Orphans' Schools.* 
 In the session of 1863 he prepared and introduced a bill 
 providing for the transportation of sick and deceased sol- 
 diers to their homes at the expense of the State, which 
 failed at that session in becoming a law for waut of time to 
 consider it. He was elected to the State Senate in the fall 
 of 1874, and served in the sessions of 1875 and 1876. 
 He there introduced a bill, which was enacted into a law, 
 providing for the erection and maintaining on the public 
 roads of public watering-troughs. 
 
 He has always taken a lively interest in educational mat- 
 
 * The skeleton of the bill had been prepared by Prof. Wiekersham, 
 of the MillersTille Normal School, at the suggestion of flovernor Cur- 
 tin. This skeleton bill was put into practical shape by the Governor, 
 Attorney-General Meredith, and himself, as chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on Education, in a conference for that purpose. — (See original bill, 
 in the files of the House of Representatives, session of 1864.) 
 
 81 
 
 ters, and has done much to improve the common-school 
 system in this State. The Hon. Thomas H. Burrows, su- 
 perintendent of common schools, accords to Mr. McClellan 
 the honor of suggesting district institutions, provisions for 
 which subsequently became a part of the school law. 
 
 In 1852 he married Hannah Matilda Downey, of Lea- 
 cock, Lancaster Co., Pa., who died in 1875, and in 1877 
 married Martha A. Futhey, sister of Judge Futhey. Mr. 
 McClellan is still (1881) residing in Cochranville, and 
 practicing the dental profession. 
 
 McCLURE, John.— In July, 1730, John McClure and 
 his four brothers came from Ireland and settled in North 
 Carolina. Of these brothers, John, James, and another, 
 whose name is unknown, afterwards migrated to Uwchlan 
 township, in this county. A patent was granted by Thomas 
 and Richard Penn (sons of William) , proprietaries of Penn- 
 sylvania, to John and James McClure, dated Oct. 12, 1748, 
 for two contiguous tracts in Uwchlan, containing in the 
 whole 361 acres. 
 
 The titles of these lands became subsequently vested in 
 John McClure alone. He died seized of the same, and by 
 his will of Dec. 30, 1775, devised the same to his two sons, 
 Joseph and Benjamin. John married, in 1743, Jane Ahll, 
 and to them were born eight children, — Esther,' m. Mr. 
 Williams; James, Mary, Joseph, Elizabeth, Rachel, m. 
 John Neal ; Jane, m. John Wallace ; and Benjamin. 
 
 John McClure, the emigrant, died March 25, 1777, aged 
 seventy-two years, and his wife, Jane, Feb. 15, 1762. Of 
 their children, Joseph, born Oct. 27, 1749, married Martha 
 Thompson, and had eight children, — Jane, Elizabeth, James, 
 Joseph, Martha, John, Rachel, and Mary. Of these, the 
 youngest son, John, was born July 26, 1791. He was 
 married, Feb. 6, 1816, to Elizabeth Mackelduff, by whom 
 he had two sons, Joseph and James. His wife died Aug. 
 
642 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 22, 1822, and he was the second time married (Jan. 13, 
 1824), to Elizabeth Mackelduff, a first cousin of his first 
 wife, by whom he had one daughter and two sons, — Eliza- 
 beth, John, and Samuel. His last wife died Dec. 15, 186Y, 
 and he departed this life Feb. 9, 18Y3. He was emphati- 
 cally a business man, but was successful as a farmer. Many 
 years previous to his death he retired from active life to his 
 quiet home, where he spent the close of an honored life. 
 For about eleven years in the Brandywine Manor Presby- 
 terian Church, where he was ordained, and for thirty-three 
 years in the Fairview Presbyterian Church, he filled the 
 office of ruling elder with entire acceptability. 
 
 The McClure residence was built in 1833. The woolen- 
 mill was erected in 1844, on a site which had an old grist- 
 mill, which, with 80 acres, John McClure bought in 1816, 
 and to which he removed. This woolen-mill John carried 
 on until 1865, then his sons Samuel and John operated it. 
 He gave it to John in 1865, who the following year con- 
 veyed it to Joseph McClure, of whose estate it is now a 
 part ; it is operated by Samuel McClure as manager. At 
 its full capacity the mill employs forty-odd hands, and 
 manufactures some fifty-six thousand yards monthly of 
 jeans, for which a market is found in New York and Phila- 
 delphia. Woolens and cottons are also made, but jeans is 
 its principal product. 
 
 McCULLOUGrH, James, was born in the southwestern 
 portion of Chester County, now known as the township of 
 Lower Oxford, in the year 1758. At the age of eighteen 
 years he entered the Revolutionary army as a private sol- 
 dier, and his first march was under Col. Anthony Wayne to 
 the Canadian frontier, early in 1776. In August of that 
 year his name appears in the regimental orders as a ser- 
 geant in the company of Capt. James Taylor, of Wayne's 
 battalion, at Ticonderoga. Soon after this he was promoted 
 to the rank of lieutenant, in which capacity he served un- 
 til some short time after the taking of Stony Point. When 
 the day was lost at the battle of Brandywine, he and his 
 comrades were driven in their retreat through a buckwheat- 
 field, and as he arrived at the fence on the farthest side of 
 the field he stopped a moment. Seeing the rails being shat- 
 tered with balls, and being nearly exhausted, he sat down 
 on a large stone, wishing a ball might strike him ; but, be- 
 ing encouraged by a friend, he rallied again, and made good 
 his escape. 
 
 At the time of Gen. Grey's exploit of the " Paoli mas- 
 sacre," Lieut. McCuUough was sleeping in his tent when 
 the murderous attack was made, and not taking time to 
 put on his clothes, gathered them up in one hand, and with 
 his sword in the other fought his way through the enemy 
 until he arrived at a baggage- wagon, where he halted to 
 assist the teamster, and together they succeeded in taking 
 the wagon with them. 
 
 In the battle of Germantown he had a narrow escape. A 
 cannon-ball passed so near his right side under his arm as to 
 carry away a portion of his clothing, and seriously damaged 
 his ribs on that side. He fell, and was supposed to be 
 killed, but after some time revived, and was taken to his 
 father's residence, where he remained until he was able to 
 resume his place in the army. 
 
 At the taking of Stony Point, Lieut. McCullough was a 
 
 participant in that brilliant affair. In arranging the pre- 
 liminaries of the attack, it was ordered that the forlorn 
 hope should be led by a lieutenant, and as a dispute arose 
 among the lieutenants about that honor. Gen. Wayne di- 
 rected the applicants for the command to cast lots, on which 
 McCullough was unsuccessful He resolved, however, to 
 have a hand in the matter ; he volunteered as a private, 
 carrying a weapon called a spontoon, and was one of the 
 two foremost in that silent attack. Having passed the sen- 
 tinels, they pushed along a narrow passage, and were nearly 
 upon the enemy before being discovered, when a rush for- 
 ward brought McCullough in contact with a man just about 
 to put a match to a cannon stationed so as to sweep the 
 passage through which the assailants entered. In this en- 
 counter he killed the match-man, and then commenced the 
 deadly struggle. This was the only engagement in which 
 McCullough knew he had taken life. Soon after the cap- 
 ture of Stony Point, Lieut. McCullough was promoted to a 
 captaincy, in which capacity he continued until his death, 
 near Charleston, S. C, in 1783, having served as a faithful 
 soldier and patriot throughout the Revolutionary contest. 
 
 His nephew, William McCullough, Esq., now of West 
 Chester, writes of him as follows : 
 
 "I heard a member of Ms command tell my father that in the 
 spring of 1111, at a review of the troops, at which the wives of 6ens. 
 Washington and Lee were present, Washington called out two officers, 
 each six feet high, and placed a ramrod on their heads, and called 
 upon my uncle to jump over it, which he did without touching it. 
 This unjle's sword and fixings cost my grandfather forty pounds in 
 gold. 1 have had that sword in my hands, but other relatives claim 
 it and keep it." 
 
 McDowell, James, born in 1740, came from the north 
 of Ireland about 1758, being the only one of his family 
 who emigrated to Pennsylvania. He married, at Concord, 
 Elizabeth Longhead, and settled on land partly belonging 
 to her, now composing the farms of Henry D. Hodgson 
 and Franklin Garrett, at Lincoln Station, in Oxford town- 
 ship. The house, now of Henry D. Hodgson, was built in 
 1775. About 1798 he purchased the Ruston tract of 425 
 acres on Elk from Dr. Thomas Ruston, and removed 
 thither. He died Sept. 12, 1815, and was buried at New 
 London. 
 
 Capt. William McDowell, of Lower Oxford, has in his 
 possession the following commissions to his grandfather 
 from the Supreme Executive Council : 
 
 May 1, 1786, to James McDowell, Esquire, as captain 
 of a troop of militia light-horse in the county of Chester. 
 Signed by Cha. Biddle. May 1, 1789, to same for the 
 same office. Signed by Thomas Mifflin. 
 
 Capt. McDowell served through the Revolutionary war, 
 but his former commissions have been lost or mislaid. 
 
 The children of James and Elizabeth were Mary, m. 
 Rev. Samuel Barr, of New Castle ; Jane, m. John Aitken, 
 of Philadelphia ; John, b. 1768, d. 1837, m. Sarah Gettys, 
 of Philadelphia ; Margaret, m. Joseph Beale, of Philadelphia ; 
 Catharine, m. John Whitehill, of Cumberland County; 
 Elizabeth, m. John Campbell, of Maryland ; Ann, m. John 
 McCay, of Maryland ; Martha, d. unmarried. 
 
 John McDowell was commissioned. May 1, 1789, ensign 
 of the Fourth Company of foot, in the Fifth Battalion of 
 I militia, in the county of Chester. 
 
JiiUUilArUiUALi ASSD GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 643 
 
 Another commission (in possession of his son William) 
 is dated Aug. 1, 1814, as ensign of the ninth company of 
 the 91st Eegiment of the militia of Pennsylvania, in the 
 Second Brigade of the Third Division, composed of the 
 militia of the counties of Delaware and Chester. This 
 commission was to last for seven years, and was signed by 
 Governor Findlay. 
 
 John McDowell continued to reside on the Euston tract, 
 which he had farmed before his father purchased it, but the 
 latter sold 100 acres at the north end before his death. 
 
 MoILVAINE, Hon. Abraham R. — James Mollvaine 
 emigrated with his wife and five children from the county 
 of Antrim, Ireland, about 1740, and was of the Scotch- 
 Irish Presbyterian and Covenanter's stock. John, the eldest 
 son of James, was twice married, his second wife being 
 Lydia, daughter of Eiohard Barnard. James, the father 
 of Abraham R., was the fifth of the issue of his second 
 marriage. He married Mary, daughter of Abraham Eob- 
 inson, of Naaman's Creek, Del., and settled upon a part 
 of his father's estate on Crum Creek, in Chester County. 
 Abraham Eobinson was the son of Thomas Robinson, who 
 emigrated from Ireland and married Sarah, daughter of 
 Bartholomew Penrose. Abraham Eobinson was the second 
 son of James Mcllvaine, and was born Aug. 14, 1804. 
 His education was plain and practical. He married Anna 
 Garrison, daughter of P. Mulvaney, of Belmont Co., Ohio, 
 who emigrated from Ireland about 1796 and married 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Nathaniel Calvert, a descendant of 
 Daniel Calvert, who came over with William Penn. Abra- 
 ham E. was bred a farmer, and settled op " Springton 
 Farm," which is beautifully situated on the Brandywine. 
 After it came into his possession the appearance and quality 
 of the land was much improved, he being a systematic and 
 thorough farmer. 
 
 In 1836 he was elected a member of the House of 
 Representatives of Pennsylvania, and was re-elected in 
 1837. He declined in 1838 a nomination for the State 
 Senate, as his private affairs demanded all his time and 
 attention. In 1840 he was selected to represent his dis- 
 trict in the electoral college of Pennsylvania, and cast his 
 vote for Harrison and Tyler, the Whig and successful 
 candidates for the Presidency and Vice-Presidency. In 
 June, 1840, he received the nomination from what is 
 known in Chester County as the great " Whig Meeting,'' 
 on the 9th of that month, to supply a vacancy in the popu- 
 lar branch of the State Legislature, occasioned by the death 
 of one of its members ; but the Speaker of the House with- 
 holding the order for the special election, it never was held.' 
 In 1842 he was elected to the Twenty-eighth Congress from 
 the Seventh District, composed of Chester County, and was 
 re-elected in 1844 and 1846. One of the great issues then 
 before the country was the vexed question of a protective 
 tarifi'. To the consideration of that policy his thoughts 
 had been early directed. The results of his investigation 
 had placed him among the ardent friends and supporters 
 of the system ; and he took occasion to enforce his views 
 in a masterly speech delivered April 29, 1844, and subse- 
 quently June 18, 1846. He stood among the earliest and 
 most constant opponents of the annexation of Texas, and 
 spoke against that measure Jan. 25, 1845. With equal 
 
 resolution he opposed appropriations for the prosecution of 
 the war against Mexico, and declined to vote on the de- 
 claratory act of May 13, 1846. In his able speech of 
 June 18, 1846, he said, " He washed his hands of this war. 
 It was a war unnecessarily and unjustly forced upon the 
 country by the President, without authority of law, and in 
 violation of the Constitution, which gives to Congress alone 
 the power to make war." In 1848, and for successive 
 years, he was president of the Agricultural Society of 
 Chester and Delaware Counties, and for a long time vice- 
 president of the State Agricultural Society. 
 
 He possessed the personal esteem of men of all parties, 
 his great abilities and the excellence of his private character 
 being recognized by all within reach of their influence. 
 He died Aug. 22, 1863, aged fifty-nine years. His only 
 surviving son was Capt. Charles Mcllvaine, of Co. H, 
 97th Pennsylvania Regiment, in the war of the Rebellion, 
 also captain in the 19th United States Infantry, but which 
 position his ill health and that of his father compelled him 
 to resign in June, 1863. See also the rosters of soldiers 
 in the Rebellion, in Appendix. 
 
 When President Lincoln was about to form his cabinet, 
 he wrote to Mr. Mcllvaine, asking who would best please 
 Pennsylvania, and the name of Cameron was given. After 
 the appointment the latter wrote to Mr. Mcllvaine, thank- 
 ing him for his letter to Lincoln, who had told him he owed 
 it to " Abe." 
 
 When his only living son, just twenty-one, asked leave 
 to enter the army, Abraham responded in this wise : 
 " Charles, T was opposed to the Mexican war ; it was wrong 
 and wicked. I said in a speech on the floor of Congress 
 that in a just war I would give my last cent and last drop 
 of blood. This war is just ; I am too old and feeble now ; 
 you may go, my boy." 
 
 McKBAN.— As early as 1725, Susanna " McCain" was 
 settled in New London on 300 acres of land which had 
 been surveyed in 1720 for William Reynolds, now mostly 
 in Franklin township. In her will, Dec. 28, 1730, she 
 speaks of herself as " now living, and blessed be almighty 
 God for the same, in the congregation of New London," 
 and her death occurred in less than two months after. 
 Whether she was a widow before leaving Ireland is un- 
 known. She mentions her children, William and Thomas 
 McCain, to whom she devised 400 acres of land ; also her 
 daughter Barbara Murrah, son John Crighton, and son- 
 in-law John Henderson, with his wife, Margaret, her 
 daughter. Crighton was perhaps a son by a former hus- 
 band. He died December, 1731, and in his will mentions 
 his brothers William and Thomas McKane, sisters Barbara 
 Murray, to whom he left his plantation, and Margaret. 
 
 There was a James McKean, who may have been another 
 son. 
 
 In 1726 there was considerable dispute between Gabriel 
 Alexander and his neighbors about their lands (see New 
 London), which will explain the following: 
 
 " Feibnd Abraham Bmitt : — I am informd y' j= hath granted a 
 warrant to take W" & James Haokean on y= complaint of Zaokiaekous 
 Alexander for a traapas on sum Land. I would hare j" have a care 
 of thy Proseding for I do no y' Gabral nor his son Zaoious hath no 
 Grant for y' Land, but y' wido Mackean hath. I would a came to y= 
 
6-14 
 
 HISTOBY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 but at this time I cannot : y" bisenes of Property is not to be triefeled 
 with. I would have y"= to quash y' warrant untill y" s-eas nie. I con- 
 clude thy Reaial frind. 
 
 " BusnA GatchelIj. 
 "NoTTiNSHAM J" 21 day of y= 3 mo. 1727." 
 
 Abra. Emmit writes, Nov. 27, 1739, that " at y° Request 
 of Thomas McKean I try'd his Line in y' part y' it Joyns 
 upon the London trackt," etc. In 1741, Thomas McKean, 
 having purchased a tavern property in Tredyffrin, received 
 license and remained there for several years, probably at the 
 " Ball" or " King of Prussia." In 1764 and 1779 he was 
 living in Easttown. 
 
 William McKean, born in Ireland about 1707, married 
 Letitia Finney, daughter of Robert and Dorothea Finney, 
 of" Thunder Hill," by whom he had four children, — 
 Bobert, Thomas, Dorothea, and William. He remained in 
 New London until 1741, when, like his brother, he entered 
 into the business of tavern-keeping at what is now Chat- 
 ham. The old brick house in New London, which was 
 known as the birthplace of Governor Thomas McKean, was 
 taken down about thirty-five years ago by William E. 
 Haines, who used the brick in erecting a new house a few 
 rods northward, now the residence of Joseph Feirce, in 
 Franklin township. Haines subsequently built a new brick 
 house for his son on the original site. 
 
 William McKean removed in 1745 to Londonderry, suc- 
 ceeding James Logan as tavern-keeper, and married the 
 widow, Anne Logan, who died in 1751. His residence in 
 the township may have given rise to the statement that his 
 son was born in Londonderry. A tavern property at Chat- 
 ham was in possession of Thomas McKean at the breaking 
 out of the Bevolution, but it had been rented for several 
 years. What became of the father and other children has 
 not been noticed. 
 
 Thomas McKean, a zealous and distinguished Revo- 
 lutionary patriot, was born March 19, 1734, in New Lon- 
 don township. At the age of nine he was placed in the 
 celebrated academy of Bev. Francis Alison, D.D., at New 
 London Cross-roads, where he completed the regular course 
 of instruction adopted at that famous institution, and ac- 
 quired a sound knowledge of the languages, of the practical 
 branches of mathematics, rhetoric, logic, and moral phil- 
 osophy. On leaving this excellent school he went to New 
 Castle, Del., and entered the office of his relative, David 
 Finney, Esq., as law student, and some months afterwards 
 was a. clerk there in the prothonotary's office. In two 
 years he was appointed deputy prothonotary, etc., for New 
 Castle County, which he retained until the twentieth year 
 of his age. Evidence has been lately discovered of his 
 admission as a law student at the " Temple," in London. 
 Before he reached his majority he was admitted as an at- 
 torney in all the courts of Delaware, and in 1756 was 
 admitted to practice in his native county of Chester, and 
 soon afterwards in the city and county of Philadelphia. In 
 
 1756 the attorney-general of the province appointed him 
 his deputy to prosecute the pleas of the Crown in the 
 county of Sussex, which he performed for two years. In 
 
 1757 he was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of 
 the province, and the same and succeeding year was clerk 
 of the Provincial Assembly. In 1762 he was selected 
 by the Assembly, together with Csesar Bodney, to revise 
 
 and reprint the laws passed subsequently to 1752. In 
 1762 he was elected a member of the Assembly from New 
 Castle County, and was annually returned for seventeen 
 successive years, during the last six of which he resided 
 in Philadelphia. From 1764 to 1772 he served as one of 
 the three trustees of the loan-office for New Castle County. 
 He was a delegate to the first Provincial Congress, which 
 assembled at New York in October, 1765, representing the 
 counties of New Castle, Kent, and Sussex on Delaware. 
 This " Stamp Act Congress," as it was called, having framed 
 a declaration of rights and grievances, together with an ad- 
 dress to his majesty, and memorials to the Lords and Com- 
 mons, was dissolved Oct. 24, 1765. Mr. McKean continued 
 to be engaged in various public employments. On July 10, 
 
 1765, he was appointed by the Governor sole notary and 
 tahellion public for the lower counties on Delaware, and in 
 the same year received the commission of a justice of the 
 peace, and of the Court of Common Pleas and Quarter 
 Sessions, and of the Orphans' Court, for the county of New 
 Castle. In November term, 1765, and February term, 
 
 1766, he sat on the bench which ordered all the officers to 
 proceed in their several duties as usual on unstamped pajper. 
 This was accordingly done, and it is believed that this 
 was the first court in the colonies that established such an 
 order. 
 
 In 1766 he was licensed by the Governor of New Jersey 
 to practice as a solicitor in chancery, attorney-at-law, and 
 counselor in all the courts in that province. In 1771 he 
 was appointed by the commissioners of his majesty's cus- 
 toms collector of the port of New Castle, and in 1772 was 
 chosen Speaker of the Assembly. To the first Continental 
 Congress, that assembled in Philadelphia Sept. 5, 1774, he 
 was appointed a delegate from the lower counties on Del- 
 aware, although he had, a short time before, removed his 
 residence permanently to Philadelphia. He took his seat 
 in that august assemblage, of which he became an invalu- 
 able ornament, and from that day his country claimed him 
 as her own. He was annually elected a member until Feb. 
 1, 1783, serving in the great national council during the 
 long and uninterrupted period of eight years and a half. 
 Two remarkable circumstances connected with this epoch 
 are peculiar to the life of Mr. McKean. In the first place, 
 he was the only man who was, without intermission, a 
 member of the Bevolutionary Congress from the time of 
 its opening, in 1774, until after the preliminaries of the 
 peace of 1783 were signed ; for, notwithstanding he was 
 also engaged in other important public afiairs, his residence 
 in Philadelphia induced his constituents to retain him. 
 The other circumstance is, that while he represented the 
 State of Delaware in Congress until 1783, and was in 
 1781 president of it, he held the office and executed the 
 duties of chief justice of Pennsylvania. His career in 
 Congress embraced a long series of unremitting and dis- 
 tinguished services. On June 12, 1776, he was appointed 
 on the committee to prepare and digest the form of a con- 
 federation to be entered into between the colonies, a draught 
 of which was reported, and after many postponements, de- 
 bates, and amendments, was finally agreed to Nov. 15 
 1777, but not signed by a majority of the representatives 
 until July 9, 1778. Mr. McKean was particularly active 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 645 
 
 and useful in procuring the Declaration of Independence, 
 July 4, 1776, for which he eloquently spoke and voted, and 
 which he boldly signed after it had been engrossed on 
 parchment. 
 
 In the year 1776 Delaware was represented in Congress 
 by Caesar Rodney, George Read, and Thomas McKean. 
 Mr. Rodney was not present when the question of inde- 
 pendence was put, in committee of the whole, on the 1st 
 of July. Mr. McKean voted for and Mr. Read against 
 (and both had been schoolmates at Dr. Alison's Chester 
 County Academy at New London). Delaware was thus 
 divided. When the president resumed the chair, the chair- 
 man of the committee of the whole made his report, which 
 was not acted upon until Thursday, the 4th of July. 
 Every State, excepting Pennsylvania and Delaware, had 
 voted in favor of the measure, but it was a matter of great 
 
 State also united in the vote by a majority of one. By 
 these means the Declaration of Independence became the 
 unanimous act of the thirteen States. Mr. McKean being 
 engaged in military services, was not present in Congress 
 during several months next succeeding the 4th of July, 
 1776 ; and it was not until the month of October ensuing 
 that he had an opportunity of affixing his signature to the 
 Declaration, engrossed on parchment, as directed by a reso- 
 lution of Congress subsequent to his necessary departure 
 from Philadelphia. Mr. McKean was president of the 
 Convention of Deputies from the committees of Pennsyl- 
 vania, held at Carpenters' Hall, in Philadelphia, in June, 
 1776, who unanimously declared their willingness to concur 
 in a vote of the Congress declaring the United States free 
 and independent States. He was one of the committee, 
 with Dr. Franklin and two other deputies, which drafted 
 
 THOMAS MoKBAN. 
 
 importance to procure a unanimous vote and voice. Mr. 
 McKean, therefore, without delay dispatched an express, 
 at his private expense, for Mr. Rodney, who was then at 
 his home in Delaware. That gentleman hastened to Phila- 
 delphia, and was met at the door of the State-House, in 
 his boots and spurs, by Mr. McKean, as the members were 
 assembling on the morning of the 4th. After a friendly 
 salutation, but without exchanging a word on the subject 
 of independence, they entered the hall together and took 
 ■their seats. They were among the latest in attendance ; the 
 proceedings immediately commenced, and after a few mm- 
 utes the great question was put. When the vote of Dela- 
 ware was called, Mr. Rodney arose, and briefly expressing 
 his conviction that the welfare of his country demanded 
 the Declaration, voted with Mr. McKean, and secured the 
 voice of Delaware. Two of the members of the Pennsyl- 
 vania delegation, adverse to the measure, being absent, that 
 
 that Declaration ; on June 24th he signed it in behalf of 
 the State of Pennsylvania, and on the succeeding day de- 
 livered it to Congress in the name of the convention. The 
 regiment of Associators, of which he was colonel, had 
 in the preceding month of May unanimously made a similar 
 declaration. On July 5, 1776, he was chosen chairman, at 
 a conference of the delegates in Congress, for the States of 
 New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. In the same 
 year he was also chairman of the Committee of Safety of 
 Pennsylvania, and of inspection and observation for the 
 " City and Liberties of Philadelphia." As colonel of the 
 Philadelphia Regiment of Associators he marched at the 
 head of his battalion to Perth Amboy, N. J., to support 
 Gen. Washington, and was several months in military ser- 
 vice, and participated in a number of skirmishes, no regular 
 engagements having occurred while he was in the field. 
 Finding that he had been elected a member of the con- 
 
646 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 vention for forming a constitution for the State of Delaware, 
 he in two days departed for Dover. Immediately on his 
 arrival, after a fatiguing ride, a committee of gentlemen 
 waited on him, and requested that he would prepare a con- 
 stitution for the future government of the State. Retiring 
 to his room at the tavern, he sat up all night, and having 
 prepared it without a book, or any assistance whatever, pre- 
 sented it at ten o'clock the next morning to the House, when 
 it was unanimously adopted. On July 28, lYTY, he re- 
 ceived from the Supreme Executive Council the commission 
 of chief justice of Pennsylvania, and performed the duties 
 of that high station with distinguished zeal and fidelity for 
 twenty-two years. At the time of his appointment he was 
 Speaker of the Assembly, President of State of Delaware, 
 and a member of Congress. 
 
 While chief justice of the Keystone State, it became his 
 duty to regulate the unruly intruders from Connecticut, at 
 Wyoming. The following passage, in reference to those 
 troublesome customers, occurs at page 280, in the curious 
 and highly interesting " Annals of Luzerne County,'' re- 
 cently compiled by Stewart Pearce : 
 
 " In 1778, John Franklin, the indomitable Yankee leader, and his 
 ai^sociates, who had captured Timothy Pickering, were arraigned be- 
 fore the Supreme Court, at Wilkesbarre, Judge McKean presiding. 
 Franklin was released on bail, and the rest were tried for riot. The 
 trials being closed, and sentence having been pronounced on a num- 
 ber of the offenders, the action of the court was denounced by the 
 great body of the population. In particular, Mr. Johnson (their 
 pastor) took occasion to condemn the whole proceedings from the pul- 
 pit. By order of Judge McKean he was brought before the court, and 
 required to give bonds for his good behavior." 
 
 On July 10, .1781, he was, on the resignation of Hon. 
 Samuel Huntington, elected President of Congress. Owing, 
 however, to the necessity of his attending the sessions of 
 the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (as its chief justice), 
 he resigned the presidency, and on the 5tli of November 
 ensuing Hon. John Hanson was chosen as his successor. 
 Proclaiming from the bench the law of justice and his 
 country with eminent learning, ability, and integrity, 
 neither fear nor power could bend him from the stern line 
 of duty. Regardless of the powers of the crown of Great 
 Britain, he did not hesitate to hazard his oWn life by caus- 
 ing to be punished, even unto death, those who were proved 
 to be traitors to their country. But no popular excitement 
 against individuals accused of ofienses could in the slightest 
 degree divert him from the discharge, firm and inflexible, 
 of his public duty. Hence he issued the famous writ of 
 habeas corpus in September, 1777, in behalf of the twenty 
 persons confined in the Freemasons' Lodge, at Philadel- 
 phia, on treasonable charges. He industriously devoted 
 himself to the discharge of the duties of chief justice until 
 1799, when he was elected Governor of the Commonwealth 
 of Pennsylvania, and was re-elected in 180^, and again in 
 1805. 
 
 In 1799, after a furious political contest between the 
 supporters of McKean and James Ross, of Pittsburgh, 
 Thomas McKean was elected Governor of Pennsylvania, to 
 succeed Governor Mifilin, in which office he was continued 
 until succeeded by Governor Snyder in 1808. When the 
 result of the election in 1799 was ascertained, the partisans 
 of McKean in Philadelphia held a town-meeting to con- 
 
 gratulate him on the auspicious event. At that meeting 
 Israel Israel, a distinguished politician of the time, presided ; 
 the language employed on the occasion was of the broadest 
 Anglo-Saxon type, and unmistakably indicative of the feel- 
 ings which then prevailed. The response of the Governor- 
 elect will afibrd a correct idea of the temper of that period, 
 and is highly characteristic of the man. It is here inserted 
 as one of the political curiosities — a sort of palseontological 
 specimen — of a by-gone age : 
 
 "An address from the Republican citizens of the city and county of 
 Philadelphia, on my election to the chief magistracy of the State of 
 Pennsylvania, affords me very sincere pleasure. I thank you most 
 cordially for your favorable opinion and kind expressions of me, and 
 trust you entertain a well-founded hope that under my administration 
 our present happy system of government, raised on the authority of 
 the people only, will, by the favor of God, be continued inviolate; 
 and that neither foreign nor domestic enemies, neither intrigue, men- 
 ace, nor seduction shall prevail against it. 
 
 " The open arts and secret practices of its enemies have been com- 
 pletely excited and exhausted in the late election. Traitors, refugees, 
 Tories, French aristocrats, British agents and British subjects, and 
 their corrupt dependents, together with not a few apostate Whigs, all 
 combined against your candidate; the most abominable lies were 
 propagated, and nothing omitted that could arrest a vote ; and what 
 is strange but true, all the officers and expectants of office under the 
 President of the United States, not only in Pennsylvania, but in the 
 neighboring States, joined in the coalition, with very few exceptions. 
 
 " Your tender and affectionate expressions of regard for my life and 
 health are extremely kind and obliging; permit me devoutly to re- 
 ciprocate them with yon. 
 
 "Thomas M'Kean. 
 
 " Philad'a, Nov. 6, 1799." 
 
 Mr. McKean was a member of the Convention of Penn- 
 sylvania which ratified the Constitution of the United 
 States, and which met in Philadelphia, Nov. 20, 1787. 
 The long and eloquent speech delivered by him on the suc- 
 ceeding 11th of December embraced a clear and compre- 
 hensive view of the whole subject, and had great weight in 
 securing the ratification of the national organic instrument 
 by his State. He was a member of the Convention that 
 assembled in Philadelphia, Nov. 24, 1789, and formed the 
 State constitution of 1790. On Sept. 26, 1781, the Col- 
 lege of New Jersey conferred upon him the degree of 
 LL.D., as did also Dartmouth College in the following year. 
 On May 2, 1785, he was elected a member of the Phila- 
 delphia Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, and on 
 October 31st following received the diploma of the So- 
 ciety of Cincinnati, instituted by the officers of the Revo- 
 lutionary army, at the period of its dissolution, to commem- 
 orate the great event which gave independence to North 
 America. He was also a trustee of the University of Penn- 
 sylvania, and in 1790 one of the founders of the Hibernian 
 Society for the relief of immigrants from Ireland, of which 
 he was a long time president. He kept up until his death 
 a correspondence with Presidents Jefferson and John 
 Adams, and many other of the Revolutionary patriots. In 
 person Mr. McKean was tall, erect, and well proportioned. 
 His countenance displayed in a remarkable manner the 
 firmness and intelligence for which he was distinguished. 
 In July, 1762, he married Mary, eldest daughter of 
 Joseph Borden, Esq., of Bordentown, N. J., who died in 
 February, 1773, leaving two sons and four daughters, the 
 youngest of whom was only two weeks old. On Sept. 3, 
 1774, he was again married, to Miss Sarah Armitage, of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 647 
 
 New Castle, Del., and of this union five children were the 
 offspring. At length, loaded with honors, this venerable 
 patriot and distinguished jurist arrived at the ultima linea 
 rerum, and departed to " the generation of his fathers" 
 oD June 24, ISl*?. His remains were interred in the 
 buHal-ground of the First Presbyterian Church, in Market 
 Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 MoLENE, James, the son of William McLene, was 
 born in New London, Chester Co., Oct. 11, 1730; was ed- 
 ucated at the classical school of Rev. Francis Alison, and 
 as early as 1753 took up land in Antrim township, Cum- 
 berland (now Franklin) Co., locating there the year follow- 
 ing. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention 
 of 1776 to form a constitution for Pennsylvania. He was 
 elected to the Assembly in 1776 and 1777 ; was a member 
 of the Supreme Executive Council from Nov. 9, 1778, to 
 Dec. 28, 1779, when he took his seat in the Continental 
 Congress, serving during that and the year 1780. He was 
 a member of the Council of Censors in 1783, and again of 
 the Assembly from 1787 to 1789. He was also a mem- 
 ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1789-90, and was 
 a member of the House of Representatives, 1790-91 and 
 1793-94. He married, July 6, 1753, Christina Brown ; 
 she died Oct. 23, 1818, in her ninety-first year. He died 
 at his residence near Greencastle, March 13, 1806. 
 
 McMillan, Rev. John, D.D., was born in Fagg's 
 Manor, Chester Co., Pa., Nov. 11, 1752. His classical 
 education was partially acquired at his native place, in the 
 academy under the direction of Rev. John Blair, and fin- 
 ished in the school of Rev. Robert Smith, D.D., at Pequea, 
 Lancaster Co. He graduated at Princeton in 1772, and 
 was licensed by the Presbytery of New Castle, Oct. 26, 
 1774. 
 
 Though his talents and learning would have commanded 
 the most comfortable situation in the old settlements, yet 
 he chose to forego all these, to traverse the Alleghany 
 Mountains, and cast his lot with the settlers on the Monon- 
 gahela and Youghiogeny, with all the privations, toils, suf- 
 ferings, and perils attendant upon new and remote settle- 
 ments, destitute of the comforts and conveniences of social 
 life. 
 
 He became pastor of the congregations of Chartiers and 
 Pigeon Creek, in Washington Co., Pa., in 1776, although, 
 on account of the Indian disturbances, he did not remove 
 his family until November, 1778. The circumstances in 
 which he was placed required him to " work with his own 
 hands" in handling the axe and other implements of labor 
 in a new country. He possessed vigorous bodily powers, 
 and during his long life was never confined half a day by 
 sickness. 
 
 For many years after his settlement, he and his family 
 were exposed to great privations and trials, and sometimes 
 were compelled to seek safety in the forts from the Indians. 
 Like the Tennants, Blair, Smith, and others, he erected 
 a log buildiug near to his dwelling, in which he educated a 
 number of young men, some of whom became eminent 
 ministers. Partly through his influence an academy was 
 established at Canonsburg in 1792. This became the 
 nucleus of Jefferson College, of which he was a leading 
 founder and a steady and faithful friend. 
 
 He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Jef- 
 ferson College in 1807, and died Nov. 16, 1833, at the age 
 of eighty-one years. His remains were interred in the 
 Chartiers graveyard. He was a man of distinguished 
 talents, an able and zealous divine, and a skillful instructor. 
 
 Both he and Dr. Power lived to see the wilderness in 
 which they settled highly cultivated and populous, and 
 their pupils men of education, learning, and usefulness. 
 
 McNEIL, Rev. William R. — Among the Scotch-Irish 
 emigrants to America in the opening of the eighteenth 
 century were the McNiels, a descendant of whom, Andrew 
 McNiel, married Margery Young, of the same extraction 
 and religious faith. He lived to be about ninety-one years 
 of age, and was a member for near seventy years of Fagg's 
 Manor Presbyterian Church. Their son William married 
 Margaret Hopple, to whom were born eight sons and two 
 daughters ; of these, the sixth son and child was William 
 R., born in Upper Oxford township, March 5, 1837. He 
 spent his boyhood days on the farm; was educated in 
 the public schools, and later attended the university at 
 Lewisburg, and there, in the theological department, was 
 graduated Aug. 1, 1861. He was ordained in Philadelphia 
 pastor of the Baptist Church of Falls of Schuylkill, Sept. 
 10, 1861, where he remained one year. The three follow- 
 ing years he had charge of the First Baptist Church of 
 Williamsport, Pa. This was during the Rebellion, and he 
 served three months as chaplain of the 37th Pennsylvania 
 Regiment, in the raising of which he was most active. He 
 was widely known as a stanch Union man, and his voice 
 was frequently heard in behalf of his endangered land. For 
 the next year he was district secretary of the American 
 Baptist Missionary Union, with his residence in Philadel- 
 phia, and the year succeeding served as district secretary of 
 the American Baptist Home Mission Society. He then 
 accepted a call to the pastorship of Pearl Street Baptist 
 Church, of Bridgeton, N. J., where he remained five years 
 and nine months, his stay and his labors there being especially 
 interesting to him and profitable to the church. He was 
 appointed by the board of the Baptist American Missionary 
 Union a missionary to Burmah, but owing to deaths in his 
 wife's family and his own ill health he was forced to decline. 
 Soon after, upon the invitation of Samuel A. Crozer, he 
 took charge of a mission established by that gentleman in 
 South Chester, Delaware Co., and during his four years' 
 stay there the church was successfully organized. In 1875 
 he removed to Penn township, and for a year and a half 
 preached for Berean Baptist Church of West Chester, after 
 which he was called to the Beulah Church, in Russellville 
 (where he was converted and with which he had united 
 long years before), a church which was organized sixty 
 years prior in his grandfather Jacob Hopple's house. 
 
 He married, March 11, 1862, Sarah W., daughter of 
 Joseph and Mary Lee, of Wilmington, Del., by whom he 
 has had two children,— Andrew Gregg Tucker and Mary. 
 He delivered the first alumni oration at the Crozer Theo- 
 logical Seminary,— an effort highly commended by those 
 who heard it. His nineteen years in the ministry have 
 been most successful in the cause of humanity and of his 
 Maker. In 1871 he purchased some seventy-five acres of 
 land near Penn Station, in Penn township, known as the 
 
648 
 
 HISTOEY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 EEV. W. E. MoNEIL. 
 
 Woodside farm, which had been in that family nearly a 
 century. He has ever been deeply interested in all affairs 
 pertaining to the welfare of State, church, and society, and 
 by his able voice and affable address has largely contributed 
 to the advancement of their best interests. In Chester and 
 Delaware Counties he has served on the school boards, and 
 was often president of the same. 
 
 MACKEY, John, the son of Robert Mackey, a lieuten- 
 ant in the provincial forces of 1747-8, was a native of 
 Chester County and a representative farmer thereof He 
 was a member of the Constitutional Convention of July 
 15, 1776 ; of the Council of Safety from Oct. 17, 1777, to 
 Dec. 4, 1777 ; of the Supreme Executive Council from 
 Nov. 21, 1777, to Oct. 23, 1779; and in March, 1777, 
 appointed a justice of the peace. He resided in the town- 
 ship of New London, southwest of the village of that 
 name, on a tract of land held under a Maryland patent. 
 He died in September, 1787, leaving a wife, Jane, and 
 children, — David, Robert, John, Margaret, Rachel (mar- 
 ried to William Sherer), and Mary (married to a Mr. Ali- 
 son). His youngest son, John, inherited the land, about 
 240 acres. 
 
 MALIN, Randal, of Great Barrum, in the county of 
 Chester, England, purchased 250 acres in Pennsylvania by 
 deeds of March 6 and 7, 1681. Upon his arrival in 
 this country he settled in Upper Providence. His wife, 
 Elizabeth, died 7th mo., 1687, and in 1693 he married Mary 
 Conway, widow of Thomas, and daughter of Valentine Hol- 
 lingsworth. In 1725 he was recommended as a minister, 
 and in 1727 removed with his wife within the limits of 
 Goshen Monthly Meeting. The time of his death is not 
 ascertained. 
 
 William Malin, doubtless a near relative, lived in Upper 
 
 Providence, where he died 2, 18, 1696. He was married 
 in 1686 to Mary Stephenson, and in 1692 to Ann Lax- 
 ford, by whom he had a daughter, Ann, who is supposed 
 to have married Thomas Williamson. 
 
 The children of Randal Malin were as follows: 1. Isaac, 
 b. 5th mo., 1681, m. in 1702, Elizabeth, daughter of David 
 Jones, of Whiteland, where he settled. His wife died 7, 
 14, 1717, and he married a second time, in 1727, to Jane 
 Pugh. 2. Jacob, b. 7, 7, 1686 ; d. 1727 ; m. in 1710, Su- 
 sanna Jones, daughter of David. 3. Hannah, b. 12, 6, 
 1693-4; d. 3, 26, 1695. 4. Hannah, b. 1, 7, 1695-6; m. 
 Daniel Williamson, Jr., about 1716. 5. Rachel, b. 5, 24, 
 1702 ; m. John Cain or Cane, 9, 7, 1722. 6. Katharine, 
 
 m. 1721, to Tate. A warrant was granted May 6, 
 
 1721, by Henry Pierce, Esq., directed to the constable of 
 Chester, to arrest James Maurhead, on complaint of Ran- 
 dal Malin, for clandestinely marrying his daughter, con- 
 trary to laWi 
 
 The children of Isaac and Elizabeth Malin were Da- 
 vid, b. 11, 3, 1703; Thomas, b. 10, 3, 1705, m. Sarah 
 Collins; Isaac, b. 1, 8, 1708, m. Lydia Booth; Elizabeth, 
 b. 12, 21, 1709, m. John Rhoads, 2, 15, 1731 ; Alice, b. 
 9, 29, 1711, m. Jesse Pugh, 2, 15, 1731 ; Randal,,b. 4, 17, 
 1714, d. 1, 7, 1715 ; Randal, b. 1, 30, 1716, m. Alice 
 Pratt, 3, 1, 1743. 
 
 The children of Randal and Alice Malin were Mary, 
 b. 2, 19, 1744, m. Joshua Evans about 1767 ; John, b. 
 3, 28, 1746, m. Sophia Dilworth ; Sarah, b.. 2, 25, 1748, 
 d. 11, 24, 1772 ; Randal, b. 8, 23, 1750, m. Jane Hoopes-; 
 Susanna, b. 12, 14, 1751, d. 6, 30, 1804, married David 
 Havard, of Tredyffrin ; Joseph, b. 6, 21, 1753, m. Lydia 
 Ashbridge and Rachel Valentine ; Jane, b. 3d mo., 1755, d 
 8, 15, 1769. 
 
FRANKLIN MARCH. 
 
 The March family is of Ger- 
 man origin, although there are 
 English and Irish families of 
 the same name. I'rederick 
 March, who settled in Freder- 
 ick township, Montgomery- 
 Co., Pa., is supposed to have 
 been the first of the name in 
 this State. He had several 
 sons. One of them, Frederick, 
 Jr., emigrated to Chester 
 County, and resided at the 
 time of his death in East 
 Vincent township. Michael 
 March, the father of the sub- 
 ject of this sketch, was born 
 July 24, 1808. He was mar- 
 ried to Susanna, daughter of 
 Henry Chrisman, also of East 
 Vincent township. Franklin 
 March was born July 14, 
 1836, in the house now occu- 
 iied by Gilbert Brower, near 
 is present residence in Law- 
 renceville. East Coventry town- 
 ship, Chester Co. He lived 
 and worked on his father's 
 farm until about sixteen years 
 old, receiving the usual educa- 
 tion afforded by the public 
 schools, when he was sent to 
 Washington Hall Boarding- 
 Sehool, Trappe, Montgomery 
 Co., Pa., for one session. He 
 was then sent to learn the 
 printing business in the office 
 of Tlie Montgomery Ledger. 
 Pottstown. After leaving there 
 he attended several sessions 
 
 I 
 
 i \j^i^^^tiu<AJ<CC(-^f-^ -A^^^^ 
 
 school at Freeland (now TTr- 
 sinus College) and at Millers- 
 ville Normal School, this State. 
 He then began the study of law 
 at the National Law School, 
 Poughkeepsie, N. Y. He fin- 
 ished his studies in the office 
 of Hon. A. B. Longaker, Nor- 
 ristown, where, on Aug. 31, 
 1861, he was admitted to the 
 bar. In the spring of 1862 he 
 was elected the first Kepublican 
 burgess of Norristown, over 
 the Hon. G. W. Eoyer, a popu- 
 lar Democratic lawyer of that 
 borough. In 1866, having be- 
 come interested in the iron 
 business at Limerick Station, 
 Reading Railroad, he moved 
 to Lawrenceville, Chester Co., 
 where he now resides. Ex- 
 Governor John F. Hartranft 
 read law in Judge Longaker's 
 office at the same time (al- 
 though a much older man). 
 Mr. March took great interest 
 in his election, and made earn- 
 est speeches in his behalf when 
 running for Governor. Mr. 
 March is a staunch Repub- 
 lican, and is a fluent and popu- 
 lar stump-speaker. He has a 
 large law practice at the Mont- 
 gomery County bar, and is a 
 good lawyer. He is a gentle- 
 man of studious habits, inflex- 
 ible integrity, and is highly 
 esteemed for his pure record 
 and ability. 
 
 RESIDENCE OP PRANKHN MARCH, EAST COVENTRY. 
 
UtlAlilJJiiS yj. iuwvxvru. 
 
 Of the family of nine sons of Rob- 
 -t and Rachel (Smedley) Moore, 
 le second, Charles Carroll Moore, 
 •as born July 13, 1823. He was 
 lised on a farm, and went to the 
 ublio schools, and later attended 
 jr two sessions the noted academy 
 t Unionville, of which that dis- 
 Inguisfaed educator, Jonathan 
 Jause, was principal. He was 
 larried Dec. 3, 1846, to Elizabeth 
 i., daughter of Jonathan Wells 
 md Eliza (Boyer) Hoffman, de- 
 loendants of the Hoffman, Boyer, 
 md Riter families, very early set- 
 ters in West Whiteland township, 
 )ne of whom (Hoffman) donated 
 the land upon which the Grove 
 Methodist Episcopal church was 
 erected. The Boyors settled at Oak- 
 land, and the Riters in Uwchlan. 
 
 He began farming in 1347 on the 
 farm he now owns of one hundred 
 and six acres, and which he pur- 
 chased on borrowed capital and 
 paid for, as his debt became due, 
 entirely from the proceeds of the 
 farm, thus demonstrating that 
 farming does pay if Carried on sys- 
 tematically and with the necessary 
 will-power and energy. He has 
 made many valuable improvements 
 to his buildings and orchards. Is 
 a general farmer, with special at- 
 tention paid to dairying. Of his 
 
 ^y^^T^ ^^^ 
 
 f;^^:^ 
 
 seven children, three are deceased, 
 —Anna Mary, Charles Henry, and 
 J. Howard,— and the other four are 
 Jonathan Wells, Thomas Elwood, 
 Susan Hoffman, and Clinton Riter. 
 Robert Moore in early life was a 
 cabinet-maker and subsequently a 
 farmer, and his wife, Rachel Smed- 
 ley, came of a family contemporary 
 with the settlement of the county, 
 and whose descendants are very 
 numerous in its borders. The sub- 
 ject of this sketch has ever taken 
 great interest in the common 
 schools, and served many years as 
 a school director to the acceptance 
 of the public and greatly to the 
 advantage of educational interests. 
 He is superintendent of the 
 Friends' First-Day School. Is a 
 Democrat, and has' always been 
 largely identified with the politics 
 of the county. He is master of 
 Grange Lodge, No. 53, Patrons of 
 Husbandry, in Upper Uwchlan 
 township, in the western part of 
 which his farm is situated, with 
 his post-office at Milford Mills. 
 His home is most pleasantly lo- 
 cated in a beautiful region of coun- 
 try, where, with his respected 
 family, bountiful hospitality is dis- 
 pensed, and where, the architect 
 of his own fortune, he resides with 
 ease and comfort. 
 
 "PROSPECT FAEM." 
 RESIDENCE OP CHARLES C. MOORE, UPPER UWCHLAN. 
 
i^^l 
 
 .il..i i ,u i .i;i,|;i^yW, . .. , j,^.,i , V .. MuiuM^,l,;j^^..^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ . Myl^;/ ' V I f.'yv'fJa- ! 
 
 
 hrftiffi? 
 
 /?£-J-. OF /ARNOLD PENNYPACKER North CoventryTp. Chester Co. Pa. 
 
 
 fiES.OF BALDWIN GRAY^ Stock Dealer West Brandywine Tp Chester Co. Pa 
 
HENBy MOORE. 
 
 Andrew Moore came from 
 the north of Ireland in 1723, 
 and settled In Sadsbury town- 
 ship. His son John was born 
 Dec. 8, 1742, and died June 
 28, 1821. John's son, William, 
 was born Sept. 20, 1770, and 
 Sept. 4, 1800, married Bachel 
 Pyle. He died June 15, 1836, 
 and Rachel, April 15, 1853. 
 Their son, Henry Moore, was 
 born Oct. 81, 1814, and was 
 married Aug. 27, 1841, to 
 Sarah Cummings, of Lancaster 
 County, by whom he had one 
 child, Lavinia P., married to 
 Charles Huffman , of Ohio. She 
 is now deceased, leaving two 
 children, — Harry and Tillie. 
 Sarah (Cummingsl Moore died 
 Jan. 14, 1844. Henry Moore 
 was the second time married, 
 Oct. 21, 1846, to Mary A. Til- 
 lum, of West Chester, by whom 
 he bas had seven children, — 
 Harry Augustus, deceased, and 
 the following living: Fan- 
 nie T., married to Alfred 
 Clark, of Lancaster County; 
 Rachel P., married to Leonard 
 Thomas, of West Chester; 
 William J., married to Mary 
 J. Reed, of Philadelphia; 
 Frank H., married to Mary 
 J. McConaughey, of Philadel- 
 phia; Mary Etta; and Annie 
 Pierce. Mr. Moore spent his 
 
 HENRY MOORE. 
 
 boyhood on a farm, and re 
 ceived the usual educationa 
 advantages afforded by th( 
 country schools. He has a fini 
 farm of one hundred acres, be 
 sides other properties in thii 
 county and Philadelphia. Has 
 served as school director, and 
 has been treasurer of the town- 
 ship since the creation of the 
 office. He belongs to the So- 
 ciety of Friends and attends 
 the " Old Sadsbury meeting- 
 house." The old deeds and 
 plat show his homestead farm 
 to have been in the Moore 
 family since about 1786, and 
 there has never been a vendue 
 or a mortgage upon it, nor 
 a judgment against it. His 
 "Bouse was built in 1800, and on 
 the farm are the ruins of an old 
 mill erected nearly two hun- 
 dred years ago. He is a prac- 
 tical farmer, and raises some 
 tobacco. His post-office is At- 
 glen, on the Pennsylvania 
 Railway. His brother Samuel, 
 who died in New London town- 
 ship about a year ago, left an 
 estate of nearly two hundred 
 thousand dollars, including 
 some eight fine farms. The 
 Moore family were Irish 
 Friends, and their descendants . 
 in this and neighboring coun- ' 
 ties are quite numerous and 
 well known for their thrift and 
 intelligence. 
 
 JSW^^li"" 
 
 -rr^ 
 
 -U<f|ift^4 
 
 "■^--.^ 
 
 ff£S OF HENRY MOORE Sadsbury Tp Chesteh Co. Pa. 
 
WILLIAM MOORE. 
 
 William Moore, of East 
 Brandywine township, has in 
 his possession a deed from 
 Patrick Lockhart to his ma- 
 ternal grandfather, Andrew 
 Elliott, for one hundred and 
 seven acres, dated June 25, 
 1741, and the land thus con- 
 veyed is now a part of his 
 real estate. He was born 
 Jane 28, 1802, on the farm 
 on which he now resides, and 
 was the son of William Moore, 
 who served seven campaigns 
 in the Bevolutionary war, 
 and was afterwards in the 
 celebrated " Whisky Bebel- 
 lion" in this State, and who 
 drew a pension for his ser- ^ 
 vices to his country in Conti- 
 nental times. The subject of 
 this sketch received the ordi- 
 nary education afforded coun- 
 try boys in his youth. He 
 began driving cattle when 
 about seventeen years of age, 
 and continued that busmess 
 SMne fifty years in thirteen 
 . different States. He was en- 
 gaged in driving, buying, and 
 selUng cattle in the fall and 
 horses in the spring. Some 
 
 eight years ago he retired 
 from the cattle trade, in which 
 no man in the county had 
 ever been more largely en- 
 gaged. He was married in 
 January, 1829, to Lydia 
 Michener, by which marriage 
 eight children were bom: 
 David Moore, Presbyterian 
 clergyman, at McYeytown, 
 Mifflin Co.; William Pen- 
 rose; Martha, married to 
 Andrew E. Moore, of Lan- 
 caster County ; Letitia ; Anna, 
 married to Rev. John MeCoU, 
 pastor of Brandywine congre- 
 gation; and three deceased. 
 Lydia, his wife, died Feb. 10, 
 1876. He is a member of 
 the Presbyterian Church, and 
 a liberal contributor to its 
 support. He is a Republican 
 in politics, but has never 
 been an aspirant for office. 
 The family is of English de- 
 scent, and his mother's father, 
 Andrew Elliott, over a hun- 
 dred years ago kept store on 
 his farm, which is said to 
 have been the only one. 
 within a distance of fifteen 
 miles. 
 
 
 ►-;;•% ■'-*JJ4/""S" 
 
 '"({''?»'•' "■•-s^s*-?'* "^'A'SuWsw'; 
 
 -Aw" J 
 
 ■^v,.^. 
 
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 /fss. OF WILUAM MOORE,£Asf Brandywine Tp. Chester Co.Pa. 
 

 H^^^^^Ss 
 
 
 Res of WC RALSTON West Vincent Tp C hester Co Pa 
 
 
 ^' W/KY-SIOB." 
 
 Res. of R.H.HODGSON, Builtby Robert Hoocson in nSl.NEW London, t" a. 
 
JOHN MALIN, Sk. 
 
 Isaac, son of Bandall and 
 Elizabeth Malin, from Eng- 
 land, married Elizabeth Jones, 
 daughter of David Jones, of 
 Whiteland. The well-known 
 Malin farm is out of the one 
 thousand acres that William 
 Penn, on Sept. 25 and 26, 1681, 
 granted to William Jenkins, 
 who, in 1685, conveyed out of 
 it two hundred and fifty acres 
 to James Thomas. In 1699 
 the said Thomas willed to his 
 son, Nathan Thomas, two hun- 
 dred acres in " Duffryn Mawr" 
 (or " Great Valley"), and to his 
 brother-in-law, David Jones, 
 the other fifty acres, " pro- 
 vided he or any of his children 
 will come to this country." 
 Kandall, son of Isaac Malin, 
 married Alice Pratt, and their 
 son, Eandall Malin, married 
 Jane Hoopes, to whom was . 
 born only one child, John 
 Malin. He married Sarah, 
 daughter of James Parrock, of 
 Philadelphia, from which union 
 were born three children : 
 Bandall ; John ; and Caroline 
 M., married to James L. Ste- 
 
 JOHN MALIN, Sr. 
 
 phenson, and who resides on 
 the old homestead. He was a 
 farmer and a man well edu- 
 cated in the English branches. 
 He belonged to the Society of 
 I'riends, and attended the East 
 Whiteland Meeting, at the 
 house built on the land (and 
 part of the old homestead) 
 given by his grandfather to 
 the society. He served several 
 years as a county commissioner. 
 He was quite active in politics, 
 having been a Federalist and 
 Whig. He died Feb. 22, 
 1854, in the seventy-fourth 
 year of his age. He was a 
 man of an enlarged and lib- 
 eral mind, of generous and 
 humane feelings. He was ever 
 foremost in promoting meas- 
 ures for the public good, and 
 ready at all times to give boun- 
 tifully to objects of love and 
 mercy. His amiable disposi- 
 tion secured him the universal 
 esteem of his neighborhood 
 andof all who knew him. Asa 
 husband, father, neighbor, and 
 public officer, he left behind 
 him a reputation which is a rich 
 heritage to his descendants. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF THE LATE JOHN MALIN, SR., EAST WHITELAND. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 649 
 
 MARIS. — George and Alice Maris, of Worcestershire, 
 England, had the following children : Alice, b. 8, 11, 1660 ; 
 George, b. 10, 2, 1662 ; Elizabeth, b. 2, 3, 1665 ; Anna, 
 b. 6, 18, 1667 ; John, b. 3, 21, 1669. 
 
 In the account of persecutions of Quakers in Worcester- 
 shire, 16Y0, we find the following : 
 
 " At Grafton-Flyford some soldiers of the Band called the Clergy- 
 Band came to a Meeting at the House of George Maris, and informed 
 against several persons there, against whom a Warrant was issued by 
 John Paokington, of Westwood, and Samuel Sands, of Ambersley, 
 Justices, by which were taken the several Quantities of Goods follow- 
 ing, vis. : From Francis Finohcr, all his Goods for a Fine of £20. 
 From George Maris, Goods worth £20. And from William Sale and 
 John Tombs, to the value of £1 14». 
 
 " The said George Maris's Fine was for the Meeting being at his 
 House. He was afterward taken by an Assize Process, and sent to 
 Prison on the 23d of the Month called July, 1670, and continued 
 there above eight Months, but never knew for what Cause he was so 
 long imprisoned." 
 
 George Maris brought a certificate dated 3d mo. 6, 1683, 
 from a meeting " att Hadswell In y" '^ish of Inkborough 
 and county of Worcester," which he presented to Darby 
 Monthly Meeting, and which says that his 
 
 " Life and Conversation . . . hath Adorned the Gospell of 
 Christ, And hath bene A Good Exampel In his place, And a man, 
 y« bent of whose heart hath beene to serve y° Lord, And all people In 
 Love ; And hath not spared to spend and to be spent for y« service of 
 Truth : And this wee can say, wee doe not know of Any person, 
 either ffriend or others That bath aught against him, his wife or 
 children, upon any Just Account whatsoever." 
 
 Robert Toomer, of the city of Worcester, having pur- 
 chased 1000 acres of land from William Penn, conveyed it 
 by deed of May 14, 1683, to George Maris, of Grafton 
 Flyford, shoemaker, the land being unlocated. Soon after 
 his arrival he took up 400 acres in Springfield, which he 
 called " Home House," and settled thereon. This was sur- 
 veyed Oct. 16, 1683, adjoining Darby township, and in 
 the following year he took up 580 acres in Edgmont, as 
 part of the 1000 acres. In 1684 he was commissioned a 
 justice of the peace and of the courts ; was a member of 
 the Provincial Council, 1695; member of Assembly for 
 several years, and an active and influential member of 
 Springfield Meeting. His wife, Alice, d. 1, 11, 1699, and 
 he 11, 15, 1705, aged about seventy- three. Of their chil- 
 dren, Alice m. Jacob Simcock, of Ridley, 11, 15, 1684; 
 George m. Jane, daughter of Henry Maddock, 1690 ; Eliza- 
 beth m. John Mendenhall, of Concord, 1685 ; Ann m. 
 John Worrilow, of Edgmont, 8, 14, 1690; John m. Su- 
 sanna Lewis, of Haverford, 9, 21, 1693 ; and Richard m. 
 Elizabeth Hayes, daughter of Jonathan and Ann, of Marple. 
 The descendants of these are very numerous. 
 
 George Maris, eldest son of John and Susanna, of Spring- 
 field, m. Sarah Levis, 3, 19, 1720 ; second, Hannah Massey, 
 of Marple, 1725 ; third, Mary Buzby, widow, 7, 24, 1730 ; 
 fourth, Ann Lownes, of Springfield, Sept. 14, 1732. Chil- 
 dren, — Alice, Jesse, Susanna, Caleb, Ann, Richard, and 
 perhaps others. 
 
 Caleb Maris, son of George, of Springfield, married at 
 Newtown Meeting, 11, 3, 1768, Ann Fawkes, daughter of 
 Richard, of Newtown, and settled in Willistown. He died 
 10, 26, 1839, at the age of ninety-five. 
 
 The children of Caleb and Ann were Rebecca, b. 8, 28, 
 82 
 
 1769, m. Roger Dicks, a minister ; Susanna, b. 7, 22, 1771, 
 m. John Hall, of Willistown; Mary, b. 1, 28, 1774; 
 George, b. 8, 25, 1775, d. 5, 10, 1871 ; Ann, b. 5, 26, 
 1777, d. 10, 22, 1819; Hannah, b. 10, 31, 1783, d. 1, 
 25, 1822 ; Phebe, b. 12, 22, 1785 ; Caleb, b. 2, 25, 1788 ; 
 Richard, b. 1, 20, 1790, m. Ann Rogers; Jonathan, b. 9, 
 12, 1791, m. Mary Garrett. 
 
 George Maris, son of Caleb, married 5, 20, 1802, at 
 Uwchlan, Elizabeth Jones, of Willistown, daughter of 
 Elisha and Gwen Jones, deceased. They settled in West 
 Pikeland, and had four children, — Norris, Rebecca, Caleb 
 J., and John H. The mother died 7, 20, 1811. Norris 
 married Ann Davis, and John H. married Mary Davis, 
 daughters of William and Mary (Spackman) Davis, of 
 Brandywine. George Lewis Maris, born 4, 16, 1842, son 
 of Norris and Ann, is principal of the West Chester State 
 Normal School. 
 
 MARSH, Rev., William H. H., was born in West 
 Nantmeal (now Wallace) township, Chester Co., 'in July, 
 1836. His mother was a daughter of Henry Buckwalter, 
 of that township. 
 
 Mr. Marsh is a clergyman of the Baptist Church, and is 
 now (1881) pastor of the Remsen Avenue Baptist Church, 
 of New Brunswick, N. J. He is quite noted as a writer, 
 and has written articles for the Bihlioiheca Sacra, Andover, 
 Mass. ; Baptist Quarterly, Philadelphia ; has written and 
 translated from the French for the Baptist Review, of Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio; contributed to the Sunday- School Times, of 
 Philadelphia; and writes for the National Baptist, of 
 Philadelphia ; the Examiner and Chronicle, of New York ; 
 and the Journal and Messenger, of Cincinnati. He is also 
 the author of " The Modern Sunday-School," published by 
 the American Baptist Publication Society, and has a work 
 now in the hands of the publication committee of that 
 society on the " Two Theories of the Visible Church." 
 These works would have been included in the article on the 
 bibliography of the county, but a knowledge of them was 
 not received in time. 
 
 MARSHALL, Abraham, was born (1669) at Gratton, 
 in Derbyshire, England, of parents belonging to the Epis- 
 copal Church, but when about sixteen years of age he be- 
 came a member of the Society of Friends, in which he was 
 afterwards a highly-esteemed minister. About 1700 he 
 came to Darby, Pa., where he married, 1st month (March, 
 old style) 17, 1702-3, Mary, daughter of James Hunt, of 
 Kingsessing, who came from Kent, in England. Soon after 
 this they settled on the Brandywine, in what is now West 
 Bradford township, Chester Co., Pa., where he purchased 
 large tracts of land, and where he died 12th month 17, 
 1767, and she on the 4th of the 3d month, 1769. 
 
 The second generation of this family is represented by 
 the following genealogy of the children of Abraham and 
 Mary (Hunt) Marshall : 
 
 1. Samuel, b. 11th mo. 27, 1704; m. Sarah Ashmcad. 
 
 2. Elizabeth, b. 10th mo. 2, 1705; ra. 3d mo. 24, 1733, William, 
 son of Kichard Woodward, of Bradford. 
 
 3. John, b. 9th mo. 7, 1707 ; d. 8th mo. 1750 ; m. 10th mo. 5, 1733, 
 Hannah, daughter of Vincent and Betty (Peiroe) Caldwell. 
 
 4. Abhaham, b. 1st mo. 4, 1713; d. 1750; m. 3d mo. 29, 1740, 
 Rachel, daughter of George and Elizabeth Carter, of East Bradford. 
 
 5. Hahhah, b. 9th mo. 7, 1715 ; m. 3d mo. 23, 1734, Joseph, son of 
 James and Ann (Peirce) Gibbons, of Westtown. 
 
652 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Bradford, now Pocopson ; Thomas, b. 12, 10, 1694, m. 2, 
 24, 1718, Hannah Mendenhall, of Concord, where he set- 
 tled. His children were Ann, b. 9, 18, 1719, m. Francis 
 Hickman ; Sarah, b. 11, 4, 1721, died young; Benjamin, 
 b: 11, 31, 1722, m. Hannah Underwood; Moses, b. 1, 22, 
 1725, died young; Thomas, b. 7, 26, 1727, m. Edith New- 
 lin ; Martha, b. 10, 28, 1729, m. William Levis ; Hannah, 
 b. 2, 23, 1733, m. John Way; John, b. 11, 22, 1734-5; 
 Mary, b. 6, 4, 1738, m. Caleb James. 
 
 Thomas and Edith Marshall had four children, — Esther, 
 Hannah, Thomas, and Phebe (m. Stephen Smith and Jo- 
 seph Heston). Of these, Thomas was born 12, 8, 1756, d. 
 8, 13, 1844, m. 4, 21, 1779, Mary Grubb, and had several 
 children, of whom the youngest, Samuel, b. 3, 24, 1789, d. 
 8, 27, 1832, m. Philena Pusey, daughter of Ellis, and re- 
 mained at the homestead in Concord, where his son, Ellis 
 P. Marshall, resides. Of his other children, William P. 
 Marshall, b. 12, 21, 1826, is a conveyancer in West Chester, 
 and one of the trustees of the State Normal School there. 
 
 John Marshall, son of Thomas and Hannah, married, 11, 
 27, 1760, Hannah James, daughter of Joseph and Hannah, 
 of Westtown, and settled in Kennet. He married again, 
 4, 27, 1768, Susanna Lamborn, daughter of Robert, of 
 Kennet, and had by both wives the following children : 
 Mary, b. 10, 11, 1761; Martha, b. 5, 5, 1764; Thomas, 
 b. 4, 22, 1769 ; Robert, b. 9, 15, 1771 ; William, b. 5, 26, 
 1773; Hannah, b. 1, 7, 1775; Ann, b. 8, 22, 1778; Mar- 
 tha, b. 8, 20, 1780 ; William, b. 7, 30, 1784, d. 1859, m. 
 Margaret McCammon, and was the father of William Mar- 
 shall, a lawyer of Philadelphia, and of Susanna J. Wilkin- 
 son, of Kennet Square. 
 
 Thomas, the eldest son, married, 4, 13, 1794, Sarah 
 Gregg, daughter of Michael and Sarah, of Kennet, and 
 had children, — Susanna, Phebe, Hannah, John, Sarah, 
 William, Thomas, Joshua, Carpenter, and Alban. 
 
 John Marshall, the son of Thomas and Sarah Mar- 
 shall, of Kennet, was born Sept. 1, 1801. He first came 
 to West Chester in 1822 as deputy sheriff under Jesse 
 Shai'p, and served in this capacity during the term of that 
 officer. He then commenced the drug business at the stand 
 now owned by Aitken & Sargent, on High Street, and 
 afterwards bought the property later occupied by Thomas 
 Pierce, added hardware to his drug business, and associated 
 with him as a partner Dr. Wilmer Worthington. Nov. 18, 
 1839, he was elected a director of the Bank of Chester 
 County, which positipn he held, with an interval of one 
 year in every four, until May 1, 1863, when, on the death 
 of Dr. Darlington, he was elected president of that institu- 
 tion. He disposed of his drug and hardware business to 
 his nephews, T. & T. G. Pierce, retiring from active busi- 
 ness, with the exception of his duties in connection with the 
 bank. Mr. Marshall was at the time of his death a 
 widower, his wife, a sister of Dr. Wilmer Worthington, 
 having died in 1841. He died June 21, 1873, and left 
 but one child, who is the wife of Evans Rogers, Esq. Mr. 
 Marshall was for more than half a century a resident of 
 West Chester, prominently identified with its interests, and 
 holding many positions of trjist and importance among his 
 fellow-citizens. 
 
 Alexander Marshall was born in Glasgow, Scot- 
 
 land, was a flax-hackler by trade, and emigrated to Penn- 
 sylvania just after the close of the war of the RcvoIut 
 tion. He settled in Chester County, and served three 
 months with the troops raised to suppress the Whisky 
 Insurrection of 1794, encamped part of the time at Down- 
 ingtown. He was married to Jane Johnston, and had 
 eleven children, — six sons and five daughters, — the fifth 
 among whom was 
 
 Alexander Marshall, born March 23, 1797, in West 
 Nantmeal (now Wallace) township. In 1819 he married 
 Elizabeth Sloanaker, by whom he had five children, three of 
 whom are still living. He was the second time married, in 
 1863, to Hopeful (Hoffman) Windle, widow of Davis 
 Windie. In April, 1829, in connection with Nathan Sieg- 
 fried, a practical printer, he began the publication of The 
 Literary Caslt-et at Yellow Springs, he officiating as its 
 editor. While conducting this paper they printed the first 
 numbers of the Anti-Masonic Register for Joseph Painter. 
 In about a year he sold The Literary Casket to Cheyney 
 Hannum and Morris Mattson, who moved it to West Ches- 
 ter, where it was subsequently merged into another paper. 
 Mr. Marshall was afterwards assistant editor of an agricul- 
 tural paper, printed at Parkesburg by N. P. Boyer & Co., 
 who sold it to the Potts Brothers, for whom he conducted 
 it as chief editor for some time. In 1844-45 he taught 
 school in Phcenixville. In 1845 he was elected clerk of 
 the Orphans' Court of Chester County, and in December of 
 that year moved to West Chester, where he has ever since 
 resided. After his three years' incumbency as clerk, he 
 was engaged in the nursery business, and later in the manu- 
 facture of brick until 1861, when the breaking out of the 
 Rebellion paralyzed this industry for some time. This 
 venerable citizen, a happy type of the old-school gentleman, 
 is the oldest man living in the county who has been con- 
 nected with the press, having (July, 1881) passed his 
 eighty-fourth birthday.* 
 
 MARTIN, Thomas, with Margery (Mendenhall), his 
 wife, came from Bedwin Magna, in Wiltshire, in 1685, 
 bringing children, — Mary, Sarah, Hannah, and Rachel. 
 They settled in Middletown, where their son Moses, and 
 probably other children, were born. We find George and 
 Elinor Martin, for whom we can assign no other parentage. 
 These children married as follows : Mary to James Whit- 
 aker, 1 690 ; Sarah to William Shewin ; Rachel to Thomas 
 Woodward, 1704; Moses, b. 1,9, 1685-6, m, Margaret 
 Battin, in 1714 ; George, m. Lydia Buffington ; Elinor, m. 
 John Scarlet, 1715. 
 
 George Martin settled in West Bradford, a little north- 
 west of Marshallton, where he died 6, 22, 1780. His chil- 
 dren were Joseph, John, James, George, Rachel (m. to 
 John Hennings), Lydia (m. to James Dilworth), Mary (m., 
 
 Wood), and Elizabeth (m. to Joseph Passmore and 
 
 James Chalfant). 
 
 Joseph married Hannah Harlan, and had children, — 
 Joseph, Caleb, Rebecca (m. to Joseph Woodward), Han- 
 nah (m. to Benjamin Miller), Lydia (m. to John W^ood- 
 ward), Mary (m. to Daniel Leonard). Joseph died about 
 1802. 
 
 * Since the above was in type he died, July 11, 1881. 
 
BIOaRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 653 
 
 George Martin, Jr., married Martha, daughter of Abra- 
 ham and Elizabeth Widdows, who died 9, 13, 1808, aged 
 seventy-nine years, six months, and twenty-eight days. 
 George died 4, 11, 1171, aged forty-five years. He lived 
 with his uncle, Joseph BafiSngton, in the Forks of Brandy- 
 wine, or at least his widow remained on the farm for 
 several years after his death. His children were Sarah, b. 
 1, 11, 1755 ; Buth, b. 1, 28, 1757 ; Lydia,b. 4, 3, 1759 ; 
 Thomas, b. 4, 12, 1761, d. 8, 24, 1808 ; George, b. 5, 12, 
 1763 ; Abraham, b. 9, 26, 1765, d. 4, 2, 1826. 
 
 Of these, Thomas married Margaret, daughter of Samuel 
 Pennock, and was the father of Samuel, late of Keunet 
 Square, George, Thomas, Simon, and Abraham. 
 
 George (3) married Amy Bu£Sngton, and Kved in New- 
 lin township. Children, — Martha, Phebe, Curtis, George 
 Thomas, Abraham, Isaac, and Amy. 
 
 Abraham married Lydia, daughter of Joseph and Re- 
 becca (Martin) Woodward, and lived at Marshallton. Their 
 children were George, Joseph, Abner, and Martha. Of 
 these, George was born 1, 9, 1798, but is still an active 
 business man and much interested in local history, with 
 which his memory is well stored. He has long been a 
 store-keeper in the village of Marshallton. 
 
 Respecting Samuel Martin, of Kennet Square, whose 
 death, on the 17th of 6th month, 1880, resulted from a 
 series of paralytic attacks, we quote from the Kennet Ad- 
 vance : 
 
 " Samuel Martin was born on the 24th of August, 1802, near the 
 Forks of the Brandy wine, in what was then Pennsbury township, but 
 which now forms a part of Pooopson. He was the son of Thomas nnd 
 Margaret Martin, and his mother was the daughter of Samuel Pen- 
 nock. He early evinced an aptitude for study, and the few leisure 
 periods in his farm-life were given to books. He worked on his 
 father's farm until he had reached the age of twenty-one or there- 
 abouts, when he set out to make his own way in life. By teaching in 
 the winter season he was able to earn money to prosecute his studies 
 the remainder of the year. One of the boarding-schools of that day 
 was conducted by Alexander McKeever, who was at one time located 
 at Cause's Corner, and at this school the subject of this memoir spent 
 a year. In 1824, Mr. Martin, whose first teaching was done in the 
 old stone school building which until recently stood at the cross- 
 roads near Joseph Walter's, removed to Kennet Square, which at that 
 time possessed no school of any kind. He taught for a time at the 
 school-house on the Toughkenamon road, nearly opposite John Lam- 
 bom's, and it was at this school that he was the teacher of Bayard 
 Taylor. In a short time he established a school in this borough, on 
 East State Street, nearly opposite the Friends' meeting-house. Here 
 he was so successful that he was induced to build Baton Institute. 
 While he was conducting this flourishing school the United States 
 Bank collapsed and the Pennsylvania Bank suspended. He had 
 considerable of his own, and all the money of some minor children 
 for whom he was guardian, invested in the State bank, and the sus- 
 pension placed him in a trying position. But he kept his courage, 
 and was for-sighted enough to see that the bank would recover. All 
 the spare eash-hewas able to get he invested in the stock at a greatly 
 depreciated value, and he soon had the satisfaction of reaping a hand- 
 some reward. He early began to aid in the material development of 
 the borough by building and otherwise improving. He was one of 
 the chief promoters of the Baltimore Central Railroad, and subscribed 
 liberally. He purchased considerable land along the projected route, 
 which he built upon from time to time and sold. These building 
 operations he continued to within a year of his death, and almost 
 fifty dwellings, or one-fifth of all the houses here, were erected by him, 
 and many a poor man to-day owes his comfortable home to the liberal 
 spirit of Samuel Martin. 
 
 "Though he retired many years ago from active schooMife, his in- 
 terest in education did not flag. He was a warm friend of the public 
 school, and was for many years one of its board of directors. In 1875 
 
 he built Martin Academy, designed as a preparatory school for chil- 
 dren of Friends, though open to all sects, and in every work of edu- 
 cation he exhibited a liberal spirit. 
 
 " The Society of Friends in this borough, with which the deceased 
 was connected, will long remember his generosity. The new meeting- 
 house, built a few years ago, was largely the result of his liberality, 
 five thousand dollars, or half the cost, being subscribed by him. He 
 was an acceptable minister in the society, and his ministrations were 
 listened to for many years. 
 
 " The private life of Samuel Martin was blameless. In all his deal- 
 ings with his fellow-men he carefully observed that conscientious ex- 
 actness and strict probity that characterize the just man, and the 
 handsome competency he left behind him was the result of industry, 
 simplicity, and business sagacity.' He overreached no man, and asked 
 for nothing that was not justly his own. 
 
 " Doubtless the deceased will be longest remembered by the children 
 of his town. To every child he was ' Uncle,' and to every one he was 
 a personal friend. He delighted in doing for them little acts of kind- 
 ness, and he had the unselfish love of them all. And need we add 
 more of the man who when living desired not his virtues recounted? 
 It is enough to say that he was a simple. God-fearing, honest man, 
 whose place in the community for which he did so much will be very 
 hard to fill." 
 
 Moses Martin and Margaret (Battin), his wife, had chil- 
 dren, — Adam, Georire, Hannah, Mary, John, Moses, Mar- 
 garet, Rachel, and Susanna. They removed to Uwchlan 
 prior to 1737, where Moses died before 174Q. 
 
 John Martin, the son, born 1, 3, 1718, married Hannah 
 Dilworth, and died in BirnQingham, 11, 26, 1761, leaving 
 children,— Moses, John, George, Joseph, and Hannah. 
 The widow married John Woodward, of Thornbury, 3, 16, 
 1763, and was the mother of Thomas Woodward. George 
 Martin, born 6, 9, 1754, died 7, 19, 1825, married, 11, 28; 
 1776, Elizabeth Reynolds, daughter of Henry and Sarah, 
 and settled in Chichester. Their children were Sarah, bl 
 9, 7, 1777, d. 4, 18, 1819, m. John Broomall, and was the 
 mother of Hon. John M. Broomall ; Anna, b. 12, 28, 1778, 
 m. John Powell; Buth, b; 10, 17, 1780, d. 1, 17, 1878, 
 m. John Sharpless ; Beulah, b. 9, 27, 1782, d. \, 7, 1818, 
 m. Enos Sharpless, and was the mother of the late John 
 M. Sharpless, of Chester; Lydia, b. 8, 20, 1784; George, 
 b. 2, 28, 1787, d. 7, 26, 1847, father of Dr. George Mar- 
 tin, now of West Chester ; Henry, b. 2, 20, 1789, d. 12, 9, 
 1791 ; John, b. 8, 6, 1791, d. 9, 9, 1809 ; Elizabeth, b. 8, 
 6, 1791. 
 
 MASSE Y, Thomas, migrated to this country prior to 
 1687, and before he was of age. He probably resided 
 within the bounds of Chester Monthly Meeting from the 
 time of his arrival. In 1692 he married Phebe, the 
 daughter of Robert Taylor, of Springfield, and soon after- 
 wards purchased a large tract of land in Marple, where he 
 continued to reside while he lived. He died 9, 18, 1708, 
 in the forty-fifth year of his age, leaving seven children, 
 viz. : Esther, Mordecai, James, Hannah, Thomas, Phebe, 
 and Mary. The brick house erected by Thomas Massey is 
 still standing in a good state of preservation. His widow 
 married Bartholomew Copock, Jr., then a widower, in 1710. 
 Mordecai remained on the mansion tract, but Thomas and 
 James settled in Willistown. 
 
 Thomas Massey, Jr., born 11, 21, 1701, died 6, 13, 
 1784, married his first cousin, Sarah, daughter of Isaac 
 Taylor, and had children, — Sarah, Mordecai, Phebe, Han- 
 nah, Mary, Isaac, Elizabeth, Thomas, Jane, Joseph, Esther, 
 Levi, Rebecca, and Aaron. 
 
 James Massey, born 7, 13, 1697, married Ann, daughter 
 
654 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 of Lewis Lewis, of Newtown, and had issue, — Thomas, 
 Lewis, Abram, James, Mary, William, Phinehas, Mordecai, 
 and Lydia. 
 
 MATLACK, William, then a boy, arrived in New 
 Jersey, in the ship " Kent," in 1677, and in 1682 married 
 Mary Hancock, and had several children, of whom a son, 
 Joseph, married, in 1722, Rebecca, daughter of John and 
 Esther Haines, of Rancocas. In 1729, Joseph and his 
 wife brought a certificate from Friends of Haddonfield, and 
 settled on land devised to her by her father, on the east 
 side of the present borough of West Chester. They had 
 several children, as follows : Jemima, b. 4, 20, 1723, m. 
 James Pennell, 8, 15, 1741 ; Isaiah, b. 2, 25, 1725 ; Na- 
 than, b. 3, 16, 1727, m. Mary Mercer; Ruth, b. 12, 23, 
 1729, m. Thomas Sheward, 9, 10, 1748; Esther, b. 6, 23, 
 1733; m. George Brinton; Jesse, b. 10, 2, 1735, died 
 young; Jonathan, b. 3, 16, 1737, m. Hannah Wain; Jo- 
 seph, b. 7, 25, 1740, died young ; Amos, b. 9, 22, 1744, 
 m. Hannah Trego; Caleb, b. 2, 14, 1750, died young. 
 
 MAY, Robert, was a resident of Maryland, where. 
 May 17, 1724, he married Elizabeth, daughter of James 
 Brooke. They had nine children. He died Dec. 26, 
 1749. 
 
 Robert May (2), youngest son of Robert and Elizabeth 
 (Brooke) May, was born Feb. 4, 1749-50 (O.S.), forty 
 days after the death of his father. He married, first, Re- 
 becca Grace, daughter of Thomas and Anna (Nutt) Potts, 
 on Feb. 16, 1786. She was born at Coventry, Chester 
 Co., July 5, 1760, and died July 30, 1789. He owned 
 and carried on the iron-works at the Head of Elk, Md. 
 where. he resided until after the death of his wife Rebecca 
 when he removed to Coventry, Chester Co. He married 
 second, Ruth Potts, a sister of his first wife, on March 28 
 1792. She was born Sept. 6, 1768, and died Jan. 17 
 1820. He had two children by his first wife — Eliza and 
 Rebecca Grace — and seven by his second wife, — Thomas 
 Potts, Robert, Anna Nutt, James (died in infancy), James 
 (the second so named), Newton, and Addison. 
 
 After he settled in Chester County he became one of the 
 most extensive iron-masters in Pennsylvania. He carried 
 on Coventry Forge, and, in cojijunctiou with Col. Thomas 
 Bull and John Smith, he owned and carried on Joanna 
 Furnace, in Berks County. He also owned in severalty 
 Gibraltar Forge, on the Schuylkill, between Birdsborough 
 and Reading, and Dale Forge, in Colebrookdale township, 
 Berks Co., about nine miles north of Pottstown. Near 
 this are the extensive iron-mines from which several fur- 
 naces derive their ore. These mines were owned by the 
 firm of Bull, May & Smith, above named. 
 
 Robert May (2) was accidentally killed by a fall from a 
 horse which he was breaking, Nov. 21, 1812. His oldest 
 daughter, Eliza, was born March 2, 1787, and on June 2, 
 1804, became the wife of Samuel Stevens, of Talbot Co., 
 Md. Mr. Stevens was elected Governor of Maryland in 
 1824, and held the ofiice three years. While serving in 
 that capacity. Gen. Lafayette visited Annapolis, and was 
 his guest. They were the parents of William Augustus 
 Stevens, who was born April 9, 1807, graduated at Jeffer- 
 son College, studied divinity, and became the first pastor of 
 the Presbyterian Church of West Chester, Pa. He died 
 
 at Warwick, Oct. 3, 1834, and was buried in the yard of 
 the Presbyterian Church in West Chester. 
 
 Thomas Potts May, oldest son of Robert May (2), was 
 born March 9, 1793, became a clergyman and rector of the 
 Episcopal Church in Norristown, and died Sept. 20, 1819. 
 Robert May (3) was born Jan. 19, 1795, and graduated at 
 the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 He practiced his profession in northern Chester County, 
 and died Jan. 26, 1866. Anna Nutt May, daughter of 
 Robert May (2), born Oct. 30, 1796, became the wife of 
 David Potts, Jr., of Warwick, and died March 17, 1823. 
 
 Rev. James May, D.D., second son of that name of 
 Robert May (2), was born in Coventry, Oct. 1, 1805. 
 His studies preparatory to entering college were with his 
 brother Thomas at Pottstown, at an academy in Norris- 
 town, and at the school of Rev. Alexander Campbell at 
 Easton, Md., and were so thorough that he was enabled to 
 enter the senior class at Jefferson, where he graduated with 
 high distinction Sept. 25, 1823. He first entered upon 
 the study of the law, but being drawn towards the minis- 
 try, after pursuing studies in that direction for a time, he 
 entered the theological seminary at Alexandria, Va., in 
 October, 1825, and was ordained by Bishop White, Dec. 
 24, 1826. He was settled as rector of St. Stephen's 
 Church, Wilkesbarre, in February, 1827, and remained in 
 that connection ten years. When he took charge the con- 
 gregation was small, but his influence and talents were such 
 that the church soon prospered, and when he left it was the 
 largest and strongest of his communion in all that section 
 of the State. Jan. 8, 1829, he married Ellen Stuart Bow- 
 man, daughter of Capt. Samuel Bowman, and sister of 
 Rev. Samuel Bowman, afterwards assistant bishop of Penn- 
 sylvania. .She was a lady of personal graces, mental en- 
 dowments, and a Christian spirit of a lofty order. In Feb- 
 ruary, 1837, he became rector of St. Paul's, Philadelphia, 
 and one of the editors of the Episcopal Recorder. In Oc- 
 tober, 1838, he went to Europe for the benefit of his health, 
 and returned in November, 1840. In July, 1842, he be- 
 came Professor of Church History in the theological sem- 
 inary near Alexandria. In the fall of that year the degree 
 of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by Jefferson 
 College. His wife died Jan. 10, 1861. On the breaking 
 out of the Rebellion in 1861 the seminary was closed. Its 
 location was such that it was impossible to continue its 
 operations, and the buildings were abandoned, and were 
 soon after converted by the Union troops into a hospital. 
 Dr. May then came to Philadelphia, and for a time took 
 charge of a small church at Providence, Montgomery Co. 
 In September, 1861, he became Professor of Church His- 
 tory and Polity in the Divinity School of Philadelphia, " 
 He died Dec. 18, 1863. Dr. May was a man of singular 
 purity, meekness, fervor, and force, and of much more than 
 ordinary learning and ability. As a preacher, he was earnest 
 and faithful, and as a teacher he has had few equals in or 
 out of his church. His popularity with those under his 
 charge was deservedly very great. 
 
 Newton May, a son of Robert May (2), was born Deo. 
 26, 1807, graduated at Jefferson College, and received his 
 degree of M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, 1831. 
 He resides at Holmesbur^', where he practices medicine. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 655 
 
 Addison May, youngest son of Eobert May (2), was born 
 at Coventry, Dec. 18, 1811, graduated at Jefferson College, 
 read law with William H. Dillingham, at West Chester, 
 and located first at Erie, Pa. On June 13, 1839, he mar- 
 ried Elizabeth, daughter of Hon. Samuel and Martha (Bull) 
 Shafer. After his marriage he settled at Norristown, and 
 acquired a large practice, but owing to failing health he re- 
 linquished the practice of his profession in 1850 and re- 
 moved to Coventry, where he remained till 1859, and then 
 fixed his residence at West Chester. He was one of the 
 founders of the West Chester Trust and Relief Society, and 
 has been its president since its organization ; for several 
 years a member of the board of trustees of the State Nor- 
 mal School at West Chester, and for two years president of 
 the board ; also president of the board of inspectors of the 
 Chester County Prison, and represents Chester County in 
 the board of trustees of the Hospital for the Insane at 
 Norristown, in the organization of which he took an active 
 part. He is also a member of the American Philosophical 
 Society of Philadelphia, and of several historical, literary, 
 and scientific associations. His only daughter, Martha, is 
 the wife of Joseph T. Rothrock, M.D., now Professor of 
 Botany in the University of Pennsylvania, a gentleman of 
 culture and of extensive scientific acquirements, whose pub- 
 lished works will be found noticed in the article on Bibli- 
 ography. 
 
 MENDENHALL, John and Benjamin, were early 
 settlers in Concord, and another brother, Moses, resided 
 there a short time, but returned to England. They also 
 had sisterSj^Mary, who came over unmarried, and became 
 the wife of Nathaniel Newlin, April 17, 1685, and Mar- 
 gery, who married Thomas Martin, and came with him 
 from England in 1685. They were from Mildenhall, in 
 Wiltshire, which was formerly the family name. 
 
 John married, in 1685, Elizabeth, daughter of George 
 Maris, by whom he had three children, — George, b. 6, 14, 
 1686, d. 1758, unmarried; John, b. 4, 3, 1688, m. Su- 
 sanna Pierson, 1709; Aaron, b. 9, 20, 1690, d. 4, 30, 
 1765, m. 4, 16, 1715, to Rose Pierson, .sister of Susanna, 
 and daughter of Thomas Pierson. John, Jr., and Aaron 
 settled in East Cain, whence John went to Lancaster 
 County, and finally to Virginia. 
 
 Benjamin Mendenhall married, 2, 17, 1689, Ann, 
 daughter of Robert and Hannah Pennell, of Middletown, 
 by whom he had ten children, — Ann, b. 3, 31, 1690 ; Ben- 
 jamin, b. 3, 5, 1691, m. Lydia Roberts, 3, 9, 1717 ; Joseph, 
 b. 3, 17, 1692, m. Ruth Gilpin, 8, 30, 1718; Moses, b. 2, 
 19, 1694, m. Alice Pyle, 4, 18, 1719 ; Hannah, b. 6, 
 11, 1696, m. Thomas Marshall, 2, 24, 1718 ; Samuel, b. 1, 
 28, 1697; Rebecca, b. 10, 10, 1699, m. Thomas Gilpin, 
 2, 21, 1726 ; Ann, b. 7, 22, 1703, m. John Bartram, 10, 
 11, 1729; Nathan, b, 8, 16, 1705; Robert, b. 7, 7, 1713, 
 m. 9, 13, 1734, to Phebe Taylor, 6, 23, 1762, to Elizabeth 
 Hatton, and 2, 6, 1777, to Esther Temple. 
 
 Phebe Mendenhall, daughter of Robert and Elizabeth, 
 was born 7, 7, 1770, m. Gideon Thomas, and died 1, 19, 
 1875. Robert had a large number of children, whose de- 
 scendants are numerous. 
 
 Benjamin Mendenhall was held in good esteem both in 
 his religious society and as a citizen. His sons Benjamin 
 
 and Moses were both ministers. Joseph, the second son, 
 removed to the west side of Brandywine, and became an 
 active member of Kennet Meeting. He settled on a large tract 
 of land purchased by his father in 1703. His children were 
 Isaac, Hannah, Joseph, Benjamin, Ann, Stephen, and Jesse. 
 
 Of these, Isaac married Martha Robinson, and was the 
 father of Joseph, Isaac, Betty, Thomas, Noah, Benjamin, 
 Martha, Dinah, Aaron, Ruth, and Caleb. He was born 8; 
 13, 1719, and died 8, 18, 1803. His wife died .5, 21,' 
 1766. Aaron, his son, born 2, 20, 1760, married Sarah,- 
 daughter of Nicholas Woolas, and had children, — Ann , Isaac, 
 El wood, Hannah (m. to James Trimble), Sarah (m. to 
 Chalkley Way), and Martha. 
 
 Isaac, born 9, 29, 1806, married Dinah Hannum, 5, 12, 
 1831, and has had the following children : Anna (deceased), 
 Aaron, Luther, Sarah (deceased), and Sallie Hannah. Of 
 these, Aaron married Ella Taylor, by whom he had one 
 child, Anna, and his wife dying, he married Hattie Shoe- 
 maker, by whom he has two children, — Isaac and Emma. 
 This Aaron resides on the old Mendenhall property, pur- 
 chased in 1703, part of a thousand acres, beginning on the 
 Brandywine and extending west two and a half miles to 
 the Letitia Penn line, in the shape of a parallelogram. 
 This Mendenhall homestead contains 150 acres, and the 
 house, shown elsewhere, is the third one built, and was 
 erected in 1838. The barn was built in 1796. This 
 homestead and farm is in Pennsbury township, but Aaron's 
 father, Isaac, lives in Kennet township. 
 
 MERCER, Thomas, from " Ayno-on the-Hill," in the 
 county of Northampton, with Mary, his wife, were settlors 
 in Westtown, where he died about 1716. His widow died 
 in 1723. Their children, so far as known, were Thomas, 
 b. 1694, m. Hani^ah Taylor in 1710 ; Mary, m. William 
 Pennell, 8, 26, 1710; Elizabeth, m. to Joseph Woodward, 
 1712 ; Ann, m. to Joshua Peirce, 8, 28, 1713 ; Joseph, m, 
 Ann Wickersham, 1719. 
 
 Joseph settled in East Marlborough, and had children, — 
 Mary, Ann, Richard, Hannah, Rachel, and Joseph. 
 
 Daniel Mercer, son of Thomas, of Tliornbury, married 
 Rebecca, daughter of John Townsend, and settled in East 
 Marlborough. He died 6, 25, 1807, aged ninety-two, and 
 his wife 10, 13, 1792, aged eighty-two. Their children 
 were Solomon, b. 10, 30, 1736; Rebecca, b. 10, 1, 1738; 
 Jesse, b. 7, 23, 1740, d. 6, 3, 1763 ; David, b. 6, 23, 1742 ; 
 Daniel, b. 3, 20, 1747; Phebe, b. 8, 11, 1750. 
 
 MEREDITH. — Several persons of this name were among 
 the early settlers in Pennsylvania, all doubtless from Wales, 
 where they were a distinguished family. 
 
 David Meredith, of Whiteland, whose wife, Sarah, was 
 a daughter of William Rush, died in 1754, leaving children, 
 — Joseph, William, David, John, Rebecca Jenkin, Susanna 
 Hayes, Hannah Guest, Rachel Conolly, and Mary Bane. 
 
 David, Jr., married, about 1737, Elinor, daughter of 
 George and Ann Garrett, and died in Whiteland, 1755, 
 leaving children, — Ann, Esther, Hannah, Daniel, George, 
 Sarah, Elijah, and Alice. His lands passed into the Jacobs 
 family. 
 
 Simon Meredith, son of Hugh Meredith, son of Mere- 
 dith William, son of William Evan, son of Evan David, 
 son of David Vaughan, came from Radnorshire, Wales, 
 
656 
 
 HISTORr OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 and settled io what became Nantmeal township prior to 
 1718. In January, 1706, one John Meredith writes from 
 Fairfield (N. J.) to his brother, Abraham Scott, in Phila- 
 delphia : " I am master of a Free school, originally intended 
 for a grammar school, My sallary being about 50 pound a 
 year in their pay, which with good management I find will 
 maintain my family pretty well ;" wished to sell his house 
 at Burlington, etc. 
 
 Oliver Meredith writes from Newport, Sept. 17, 1711, 
 to his aunt, Hannah Scott, in Philadelphia, and says, " My 
 father remembers his love to you and prays you to take care 
 of the letter that is for unkle Simon and give it into his 
 own hand, and first send him word by one of the country 
 people that you may see by chance." 
 
 Simon Meredith died in Nantmeal about the year 1745, 
 leaving four sons, — Hugh, John, James, and Thomas. It 
 is said that the family came to Chester County in 1708 and 
 lived for some time in a cave on property-sinceof the Rein- 
 hart family, and the cave is remembered by persons yet 
 living. Of Hugh, the eldest, and Thomas, the youngest 
 son of Simon, we know nothing further. James is said to 
 have removed to Bucks County prior to 1738. An uncle, 
 Thomas Meredith, whose residence is supposed to have been 
 in Jersey, took up 500 acres on Neshaminy near Doyles- 
 town. He had a son Thomas, who from too much study 
 became insane, and, being heir to the land in Bucks County, 
 imagined himself a baron and wished to build a castle 
 thereon. His cousin James was induced to live there and 
 take care of him until his death. His son Hugh, a promi- 
 nent physician, was an ancestor of Hon. Henry Chapman, 
 judge of our courts for about three years. 
 
 John Meredith, second son of Simon, was born 2d mo. 
 (April) 9, 1699, in Radnorshire, and died 3, 4, 1769, in 
 Vincent township ; married, 9, 29, 1727, Grace Williams, 
 daughter of Robert and Gwen Williams, of Goshen, born 3, 
 12, 1707, died 10, 25, 1785. She is said to have had dark 
 eyes, an interesting countenance, quiet, dignified manners, 
 and much force of character. Her father-in-law, a cavalier, 
 would never use the language of Friends to any but her, for 
 whom he showed that deference. John became a Friend in 
 1753 through his wife's influence, together with most of their 
 children, who were as follows : 1. Enoch, b. 6, 18, 1728 ; d. 
 11,28,1807. 2. Simon,b.l0,12,1729;d. 5, 29, 1828. 3. 
 James, b. 10, 11, 1731 ; d. 6, 11, 1741. 4. Infant son, b. 9, 
 11, 1733 ; d. 9, 26, 1733. 5. Jane, b. 11, 30, 1734 ; d. 6, 6, 
 1741. 6. Elizabeth, b. 9, 18, 1736 ; m. Amos Davies. 7. 
 Ann, b. 6, 6, 1738 ; m. Robert Milhous. 8. Hannah, b. 5, 
 1, 1741; m. John Pugh. 9. Jane, b. 1, 12, 1742-3; m. 
 Evan Lewis. 10. Grace, b. 11, 13, 1744; m. John 
 Lewis. 11. John, b. 4, 29, 1747 ; d. 8, 4, 1828. 12. Ruth, 
 b. 3, 17, 1750; d. 8, 16, 1759. 
 
 Enoch Meredith (1) married, 12, 18, 1752, his cousin, 
 Jane John, daughter of Griffith and Ann, born 2, 5, 1725, 
 died 9, 1, 1795. Their children were, — 13. James, b. 10, 
 1, 1753 ; d. 2, 13, 1838. 14. Elizabeth, b. 4, 30, 1755 ; 
 d. 8, 22, 1759. 15. John, b. 3, 21, 1757 ; d. 8, 29, 1759. 
 16. Hannah, b. 1, 2, 1759. 17. Ezra, b. 11, 5, 1760. 
 18. Abel, b. 8, 8, 1762; d. 8, 11, 1825. 19. Enoch, b. 
 1, 18, 1766 ; d. 11, 3, 1769. 20. Jane, b. 11, 26, 1767. 
 21. Thomas, b. 10, 29, 1770. 
 
 Simon (2) married, 4, 30, 1755, Dinah, daughter of 
 Hugh and Mary Pugh, of Uwchlan, and resided in Cov- 
 entry. ' Dinah was born 7, 20, 1734, died 5, 4, 1824. 
 Their children were,— 22. Mary, b. 7, 6, 1756; d. 10, 1, 
 1758. 23. Grace, b. 9, 26, 1757 ; d. 5, 17, 1759. 24. 
 Joel, b. 3, 30, 1759 ; d. 10, 14, 1827. 25. John, b. 2, 6, 
 1761; d. 1, 31, 1776. 26. Mary, b. 11, 6, 1762; m. 
 Joseph Barnard. 27. Grace, b. 10, 13, 1764 ; d. 5, 23, 
 1815. 28. Rebecca, b. 8, 10, 1766; m. Joseph Hawley. 
 29. James, b. 9, 4, 1768 ; d. 7, 24, 1854. 30. Jesse, b. 
 8, 13, 1770 ; d. 4, 14, 1851. 31. Elizabeth, b. 5, 2, 1772 ; 
 d. 2, 4, 1859. .S2. Hugh, b. 6, 21, 1774; d. 10, 22, 
 1810. 33. John, b. 12, 26, 1776 ; d. . 
 
 John Meredith (11) married, 6, 13, 1776, Mary Jones, 
 daughter of Evan and Susanna, born 6, 20, 1753, died 5, 
 8, 1777 ; second marriage, 10, 18, 1780, to Elizabeth Kirk, 
 daughter of William and Sibbilla, born 11, 24, 1756, died 
 6th mo., 1794 ; third marriage, 3, 22, 1796, to Rebecca 
 Thomas, of Vincent, who died 11,21,1 807 ; fourth marriage, 
 3, 22, 1809, to Rachel Evans, daughter of Elihu and Mary, 
 who died 12, 12, 1810. His children were Mary, Simon, 
 Beulah, William, Isaiah, John, Enocb, and Mary. 
 
 James Meredith (29) married Mary Leedom, of Haver- 
 ford, in 1799, and left one son, the late Isaac Meredith, 
 who died 9, 28, 1874, near Kennet Square. 
 
 Jesse (30) married Phebe, daughter of Riohard and 
 Elizabeth Downing, of Downingtown, who died 10, 7, 
 1845, leaving two children, — Elizabeth D. and Richard 
 S., of whom the latter died 11, 25, 1855. 
 
 John (33) married, 4, 16, 1800, Ann Mendenhall, 
 daughter of Stephen and Margaret, of Concord, where 
 he settled for some years. Issue. — Simon, b. 1, 14, 
 1801; Stephen M., b. 8, 14, 1802, d. 12, 23, 1874; 
 Jesse P., b. 5, 22, 1805, d. 7, 12, 1827; Esther T., 
 b. 2, 23, 1807, m. Jesse Hawley; Hugh, b. 11, 20, 1815, 
 went South ; James M., b. 1, 6, 1819. 
 
 Stephen M. Meredith, born in Concord, removed with 
 his parents when young to South Coventry ; was a well- 
 known physician, and took an active part in political and 
 educational matters ; died at St. Mary's, Warwick. 
 
 James M. Meredith, his brother, was some time an editor 
 in West Chester, now of Berks Co., Pa. 
 
 MICHENER.*— The name Michener occurs on the 
 records of Philadelphia as early as 1686. 
 
 I. John and Sarah Michener appear to have been the 
 primal American progenitors of the family. They had six 
 children. In 1715 they removed with their family to 
 Abington. 
 
 II. William Michener, son of John and Sarah, was born 
 1696. He married Margery Kester. They had ten chil- 
 dren. He was an early settler in Plumstead, Bucks Co., 
 where he owned 400 acres of land in 1725. His widov? 
 died there 2, 15, 1821, aged ninety-three years. 
 
 III. John Michener, son of William and Margery was 
 born 3, 2, 1721. He married Mary Hayworth. They had 
 nine children, of whom two— Mahlon and Arnold— re- 
 moved to and settled in Chester County, the former in 
 New Garden, the latter near Downingtown, where their 
 descendants may still be found. 
 
 » Furnished by Dr. Ezra Michener. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 657 
 
 IIL Mordeeai Michener, son of William and Margery, 
 was born 1, 30, 1Y23. He married Sarah, daughter of 
 John and Elizabeth Fisher, in 1748. He retained a patri- 
 mony of his father's estate. They had ten children. In 
 1784 he sold his farm (130 acres) and removed to a farm 
 in Londongrove, near West Grove meeting-house, with 
 his wife and three unmarried children, — Mordeeai, Eliza- 
 beth, and Catharine, — accompanied, about the same period, 
 by four others, married, — John, Barak, Deborah, and Rob- 
 ert, — with their families. Mordeeai died 9, 25, 1795, aged 
 seventy-two years; Sarah died 6, 6, 1812, aged ninety 
 years. 
 
 1. John was born 12, 21, 1750. He married Martha 
 Longstreth. They had ten children. They removed to 
 Bradford in 1788, and two years later to (now) Penn town- 
 ship near Jennersville. In 1805 the whole family removed 
 to the State of Ohio. John died in 1837, aged eighty-six; 
 Martha in 1815, aged fifty-nine. 
 
 2. Barak was born 3, 17, 1754. He married Jane Wil- 
 son. They had six children. They came to Chester County 
 in 1784, and located near to West Grove meeting-house. 
 In 1814 they removed to Ohio, whither their children, who 
 were mostly married, soon followed them. Jane died in 
 1831, aged eighty-two years; Barak died in 1838, aged 
 eighty-four years. 
 
 3. Deborah was born 4, 3, 1757. She married Morde- 
 eai Balderson. They had thirteen children. On removal 
 to Chester County they settled on a farm adjoining that 
 now owned by Thomas M. Harvey. The family all re- 
 moved to Ohio in . Mordeeai died in 1820, aged 
 
 sixty-five years ; Deborah died in 1828, aged seventy-one. 
 
 4. Mordeeai was born 1, 28, 1759. He married Alice 
 Dunn, who had also removed from Bucks to Chester with 
 her parents, Ralph and Anna Dunn. They had four chil- 
 dren, of which the present writer was the baby. They re- 
 tained the homestead near West Grove. Mordeeai died 1, 
 6, 1854, aged ninety-five years ; Alice died 8, 30, 1824, 
 aged sixty-two years. 
 
 5. Elizabeth was born 3, 18, 1762. She married Joseph 
 Brown, who also came from Bucks with his father, Abraham 
 Brown. They had twelve children. Joseph retained the 
 homestead of his father near Jennersville. Pour of their 
 children after marriage removedto Ohio. Joseph died 5, 
 5, 1851, aged eighty-eight years; Elizabeth died 7,7, 
 1811, aged forty-nine years. 
 
 6. Robert was born 10, 15, 1763. He married Sarah 
 Stradling. They had one child. They came to this county 
 in 1795, and resided near Jennersville. In 1813 they re- 
 turned to their native county. Robert died 4, 4, 1849, 
 aged eighty-five years ; Sarah . 
 
 7. Catharine was born 11, 8, 1766. She married Wil- 
 liam Thompson. They had eight children. They all went 
 
 to . William died 7, 19, 1806, aged — ; Catharine 
 
 subsequently married Eli Kennard. They had one child. 
 The survivors of the family all went to Ohio. Catharine 
 died 9, 6, 1850, aged eighty-three years. 
 
 III. William, son of the above William and Margery- 
 Michener, was born 6, 8, 1729. He married Martha 
 Doane. They had eleven children. Five of them obtained- 
 a residence in our county. 
 83 
 
 1. Elizabeth was born 1755 (?). She married Charles 
 Plumley. Their descendants still reside among us. Eliza- 
 beth died 1820, aged sixty-five years. 
 
 2. Joseph was born 11, 19, 1757. He married Anna, 
 daughter of Ralph and Anna Dunn. He owned a farm 
 adjoining the West Grove Meeting property. They had 
 five children. Anna died 7, 29, 1796, aged thirty-eight 
 years. He subsequently married Rebecca Good. They 
 had four children. Joseph died 8, 10, 1853, aged ninety- 
 five years; Rebecca died 8, 29, 1858, aged eighty-nine 
 years. 
 
 3. Martha was born 10, 15, 1761. She married David 
 Stackhouse. They removed with their family and settled 
 in New Garden, where their son, Silas Stackhouse, now in 
 his eighty-seventh year, and numerous other descendants, 
 reside. David died 1, — , 1853, aged ninety-four years; 
 Martha died 10, 30, 1848, aged eighty-one years. 
 
 4. William was born . He married Ann Beans, 
 
 and had five children. They lived on the Toughkenamon 
 Vineyard farm, where some of their descendants still live. 
 William lived to a good old age. 
 
 5. Jonathan was born . He married Susanna 
 
 Doane. They had ten children. Their son William, now 
 in his eighty-sixth year, is living with his daughter near 
 Jennerville. 
 
 There has for a long period been quite a number of 
 Micheners and their descendants living in the northeastern 
 section of the county, but I have not ascertained to which 
 branch of the family they belong. 
 
 It is worthy of notice in this connection that soon after 
 the close of the Revolutionary war a very remarkable emi- 
 gration took place from Bucks to Chester County. The 
 emigrants appear to have been mostly Friends, and very 
 largely from Buckingham Monthly Meeting to that of New 
 Garden, as they were then constituted. If my notes are 
 correct, during the ten years from 1784 to 1795 New Gar- 
 den Monthly Meeting received certificates of membership 
 for two hundred and seventy members. Of this number, one 
 hundred and eighty-one were from Buckingham Monthly 
 Meeting alone- About forty of them were Micheners. 
 
 Two suggestions have been Mered for this unusual emi- 
 gration, — the hope of finding a more fertile soil, and the 
 prosperous condition of the society of which they were 
 members within the limits of the Western Quarterly Meet- 
 ing. These may have been causes ; but when I remember 
 the terrible tragedy of the Doanes, which had very recently 
 occurred in the immediate vicinity, with the violent excite- 
 ment, embittered feeling, and suspicion which prevailed, it 
 looks more like a modern hegira of the lovers of peace and 
 quietness to escape the confusion and perhaps danger by 
 which they were surrounded. 
 
 In the above notes I have given the ages of the ances- 
 tral members of the family so far as known. The result is 
 interesting. The mean age of the whole 24 persons is 
 78.58 years ; of the 20 elder ones it is 84 years ; and of 18 
 it is 87.11 years. 
 
 De. Nathan Michener. — One of the oldest and best- 
 known families in the county is that of Michener, especially 
 noted in the medical profession. Dr. Nathan Michener was 
 born in Berks County, Nov. 26, 1775, and graduated at a 
 
658 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 medical college in Philadelphia. He first located to prac- 
 tice medicine at Marisville, in East Pikeland township, 
 where he remained a short time and then removed to South 
 Coventry, where for over half a century he was a distin- 
 guished and successful practitioner. He was married by 
 Rev. William Hunter, Jan. 25, 1824, to Sophia Chrisman, 
 who was born June 12, 1802. To them were born eleven 
 children, — Sarah Ann, b. Dec. 18, 1825, m. Joseph Hols- 
 comb; George C, b. March 16, 1827, of Phoenixville ; 
 James, b. March 8, 1829 ; Mary T., b. May 10, 1831, m. 
 Lewis Stubblebine; Phebe Ann, b. March 7, 1833, m. 
 Morris Lisley ; Rebecca L., b. March 22, 1836, m. Wilmer 
 Griffith ; Nathan, Jr., b. May 16, 1840 ; Clarissa Cather- 
 ine, b. Sept. 22, 1842, m. Sewell B. Morrow; Isabella 
 Workman, b. Aug. 31, 1845, m. Rev. A. L. Wilson, of the 
 M. E. Church; Zachary Taylor, b. April 9, 1849, died in 
 
 MILLARD, Thomas.— Three brothers of the Millard 
 family came from England together about the middle of the 
 last century, of whom one settled in Connecticut, one in 
 New York, and the third in Berks County, of this State. 
 He had a son Joseph, born nearly opposite Douglassville, 
 and moved, in the spring of 1784, to West Nantmeal town- 
 ship. He was a miller and millwright, and carried on a 
 mill at Pottstown, and afterwards in West Nantmeal ; was a 
 justice of the peace from 1797 up to about 1816, and his 
 old magistrate's dockets are now in possession of his grand- 
 son, Thomas. The mother of Joseph was a Miss Lincoln, 
 also an emigrant from England. Jonathan, son of Joseph 
 Millard, was born at Pottstown, Feb. 19, 1783, and married 
 Sarah Harvout. He moved when four years old to West 
 Nantmeal, and there died in June, 1868. His wife, Sarah, 
 died Jan. 28, 1851, aged seventy-two years. They had 
 
 ^jyi/^fr^^ c/^^:.!^/^^-'^^^ 
 
 infancy. Dr. Michener died Dec. 11, 1866, and his vener- 
 able widow still survives him. He belonged to the Society 
 of Friends, and was a man universally esteemed for his emi- 
 nent ability and noble qualities of heart. At his death he 
 left a nice homestead place of ninety acres, and a name 
 honored for his great services to suffering humanity. 
 
 MILHOUS, Thomas, married Sarah, daughter of 
 James and Catharine (Lightfoot) Miller, in Ireland, and 
 came to Pennsylvania in 1729, settling first within the 
 limits of New Garden Monthly Meeting, and about the 
 year 1744 removing to Pikeland. Their children were as 
 follows: John, b. 1, 8, 1722-3, at Timahoe, in Ireland; 
 James, b.' 7, 21, 1727 ; Thomas, b. 2, 27, 1731 ; Robert, 
 b. 11, 26, 1733 ; Sarah, b. 4, 3, 1736, m. Thompson Par- 
 ker ; William, b. 6, 12, 1738. Several members of this 
 family have been prominent in the Society of Friends. 
 
 two children, — Joseph and Thomas. The latter, the young- 
 est, was born Aug. 14, 1816. He was raised on the farm 
 and attended the public schools of the neighborhood. He 
 was married Jan. 24, 1839, to Jane, daughter of James 
 and Margaret (Cake) Cutler. The Cutlers were of Scotch- 
 Irish and the Cakes of German descent. To Thomas and 
 his wife were born three children, — James, deceased in his 
 nineteenth year ; Jonathan, residing near Barneston ; and 
 Howard, living at home, but in the mercantile business at 
 Robert's old stand in East Nantmeal. 
 
 In 1869, Thomas retired from farming, but still owns 
 and resides on his splendid farm of 150 acres. He is a di- 
 rector in the National Bank of Honeybrook, and has been 
 since its organization in 1868. He is one of the managers 
 of the Penn Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Chester 
 County. He was many years a director of the East 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 659 
 
 ic 
 
 Brandywine and Waynesburg Eailroad, and for six years 
 secretary of its board. He has served nineteen years as 
 school director, and was three times elected a justice of the 
 peace, but refused to qualify. He has repeatedly served as 
 auditor, and is now one of the county directors of the poor, 
 having been elected in 1879, and having previously served 
 in same office from 1875 to 1878. He followed surveying 
 and conveyancing until his health and other growing busi- 
 ness cares forced him to quit. His farm has been in posses- 
 sion of the Millard family since 1787, and no deeds have 
 befti made for. it since 1793, it having passed to its present 
 possessor by descent. He is a Republican in politics, in 
 which he ever takes a great interest. His son Howard was 
 in'the three months' State service when Lee made his raid 
 into the State in 1863. 
 
 MILLER, Gaten, with Margaret, his wife, was one of the 
 first settlers in Kennet township, where he bought land in 
 1702. Their children were James, b. 11, 5, 1696, m. 
 Rachel Fred, 4, 20, 1721 ; William, b. 8, 30, 1698, m. 7, 
 30, 1724, to Ruth Rowland ; Robert, b. 3, 3, 1703, m. 
 Ruth Haines ; Sarah, b. 9, 1, 1704, m. Joshua Johnson ; 
 Mary, b. 2, 7, 1707, m. William Beverly; Patrick, b. 12, 
 28, 1708, m. 9, 5, 1735, to Patience Haines ; Samuel, b. 
 4, 14, 1711, m. 4, 29, 1732, to Margaret Halliday; Eliza- 
 beth, b. 5, 7, 1713, m. Joseph Dickinson ; Joseph, b. 7, 
 14, 1715, m. 2, 18, 1738, to Jane Kirk ; Benjamin, b. 6, 
 
 4, 1717, m. 10, 7, 1738, to Martha Walter; John, b. 11, 
 6, 1720-1, m. 8, 28, 1741, to Margaret Smith ; George, b. 
 
 5, 19, 1723, married out of meetiijg. 
 
 Robert and Ruth Miller settled in East Cain, and had 
 children, — Margaret, Solomon, Dorothy, Patience, Hannah, 
 Hannah (2), Warwick, Isaac, Jacob, Rebecca, Rachel, 
 Joseph, Rachel (2), Sarah, Ruth, Benjamin, and James. 
 
 '^?t,y^a.u€ 
 
 James Miller, son of James and Rachel (Fred) Miller, 
 born 10, 30, 1728, married, 8, 16, 1751, Sarah Way, and 
 5, 25, 1758, Phebe Jones, and settled in Sadsbury. 
 
 Dr. Warwick Miller was born in Sadsbury town- 
 ship, Chester Co., near what is now the village of Atglen, 
 on March 18, 1785. His parents were James and Phebe 
 Miller. He was the youngest of twelve sons. He re- 
 ceived a good, plain English education in our common 
 schools, and studied medicine with Dr. William A. Todd, 
 of Downingtown. He attended the medical lectures of the 
 University of Pennsylvania, but was content to practice 
 without a degree. He located himself at Sadsburyville, in 
 his native township, where he soon gained the confidence of 
 the people, and was rewarded by a goodly portion of the 
 practice. He changed his location a few times, but always 
 within the limits of Sadsbury. 
 
 Dr. Miller was twice married. His first wife was Sarah, 
 daughter of James Truman, of Sadsbury, to whom he was 
 married Oct. 7, 1812. She died Sept. 27, 1817, without 
 issue. His second wife was Martha B., daughter of Wil- 
 liam Clingan, Esq., to whom he was married Nov. 15, 1820. 
 By this lady he had two sons, — William Clingan and James 
 Edwin Miller. The health of Dr. Miller becoming preca- 
 rious, he was removed to the house of his father-in-law, 
 Wm. Clingan, in West Fallowfield, where he remained, la- 
 boring under hydrothorax, until his death, which occurred 
 April 23, 1825. In his day few men were more highly 
 esteemed or more confidingly approached, always bearing 
 the name and character of a high-minded, dignified, honor- 
 able, and worthy citizen. 
 
 John Miller, a settler at what is now Avondale, may 
 have been a brother of Gayen Miller, of Kennet. The 
 time of his arrival appears to have been in 1709, and his 
 
660 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTEE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 death occurred in 1714. His mill was the first in that 
 region, and it is said that settlers in Lancaster County 
 patronized it. The children of John and Mary Miller 
 were James, b. 1st mo., 1693, near Charlemont, county 
 Armagh, Ireland, m. 3, 24, 1722, to Ann Cane ; Mary, 
 m. to Joseph Hutton ; William, b. 2d mo., 1698, in the 
 county Tyrone, Ireland, m. Ann Emlen, of Philadelphia ; 
 Joseph, m. to Ann Gilpin ; Martha, m. to John Jordan 
 and Nathaniel Houlton ; Sarah, m. 5, 25, 1723, to Nehe- 
 miah Hutton; Elizabeth, m. 8, 22, 1729, to William 
 Chambers ; Susanna, m. 2, 18, 1734, to Joseph Jackson ; 
 Elinor, m. 4, 19, 1729, to Richard Chambers. 
 
 James Miller, possibly a brother to Gayen and John, 
 married Catharine, daughter of Thomas Lightfoot, in Ire- 
 land, and in 1729 came to Pennsylvania. His wife, a min- 
 ister, died soon after their arrival at Philadelphia. He 
 settled in New Garden, but is thought to have removed 
 before his death. His children were Sarah, ra. to Thomas 
 Milhous; Elizabeth, m. to Thomas Hiett; James, m. to 
 Rachel (Fred) Miller and Rebecca Kirk ; Mary, m. to 
 Isaac Jackson, 4, 11, 1730 ; Katharine, m. William Jack- 
 son, 9, 9, 1733; Ann, married, 2, 19, 1733, to William 
 Farquhar ; Hannah, m. to James Jackson. 
 
 MINER, Charles, was born Feb. 1, 1780, in the town 
 of Norwich, Conn. He was of the Puritan stock, his 
 lineal ancestor, Thomas Miner, having been a member of 
 the Assembly of Connecticut in 1654. In 1799, in the 
 nineteenth year of his age, he removed as a Connecticut 
 claimant to Wyoming Valley, and settled in Wilkesbarre, 
 following his brother Asher, who had emigrated a year or 
 two earlier. 
 
 In 1801, Asher Miner established the Imzerne Federalist. 
 It was a sheet of very moderate dimensions, for two reams 
 of its paper were placed in an ordinary bag and conveyed 
 on horseback from the paper-mill in AUentown to Wilkes- 
 barre, and this was done once in two weeks. The press on 
 which the Federalist was printed was brought from Nor- 
 wich, Conn., on a sled, by Charles Miner and S. How- 
 ard. In 1802, Charles became associated with Asher 
 Miner in conducting the Federalist, which they ably edited 
 until 1809, when it was transferred to Steuben Butler and 
 Sidney Tracy. These latter gentlemen, in 1811, enlarged 
 the paper and changed its name to the Gleaner, with the 
 motto, " Intelligence is the life of liberty." In a few 
 months Mr. Tracy withdrew from the establishment, and 
 was succeeded by Charles Miner, who, in connection with 
 Mr. Butler and others, ably conducted the Gleaner until 
 1816. 
 
 It was in the columns of the Gleaner that Mr. Miner 
 made himself celebrated as a writer. For this paper were 
 written those beautiful essays from the desk of " Poor 
 Robert the Scribe,'' a series of weekly essays, filled with 
 good sense, combining amusement with instruction, which 
 were read with pleasure at every fireside in the country, 
 which have been many times reprinted, and which may 
 even at this day be found in school-books, as lessons of 
 wisdom not to be put aside nor forgotten. In this paper, 
 too, Mr. Miner published many articles upon the subject of 
 anthracite coal, a subject the importance of which was just 
 beginning to dawn upon the minds of the people of the 
 
 valley. It was the object of Mr. Miner to extend that in- 
 terest, to enlighten the minds of those who would not be- 
 lieve abroad, and to disseminate the theory that anthracite 
 would burn as readily as bituminous coal. He hoped one 
 day to see the mines of ore opened and their treasures 
 spread throughout the land, and he hoped to see the valley 
 of Wyoming, then almost a wilderness, blossom as the rose. 
 Determined, however, not to be a theorist only, but to carry 
 out in practice what he had taught others through the col- 
 umns of his paper, he in 1813, with others, leased the 
 Mauch Chunk mines, and in the same year floated an ark- 
 load of coal to Philadelphia. 
 
 In 1807 and 1808, and again in 1816, he was a member 
 of the Legislature from Luzerne County. There he ad- 
 vocated and almost originated that scheme for internal im- 
 provements which at a later period terminated in the North 
 Branch (of the Susquehanna) Canal. 
 
 In 1816 he took charge of a paper in Philadelphia en- 
 titled The True American, and conducted it one year. 
 
 In 1817 he removed to West Chester and purchased 
 The Chester and Delaware Federalist, the name of which 
 he subsequently changed to that of The Village Record. 
 This paper was conducted by him with unusual ability until 
 1834, when he sold it to Henry S. Evans. Its literary 
 character during his editorship was far above that of the 
 ordinary weeklies of that day. He wrote for it a series of 
 essays of much merit under the signature of " John Har- 
 wood," which added to its popularity. 
 
 From March, 1825, to March, 1829, he was a member 
 of Congress from Chester County. He was a useful and 
 able member, took great interest in the subject of slavery, 
 to which he was opposed, and made efforts to abolish the 
 slave-trade and slavery in the District, or at least to dimin- 
 ish the wrongs and outrages perpetrated at the Federal 
 capital. He failed in those attempts, but happily lived to 
 see a consummation far surpassing his most sanguine ex- 
 pectations, — the virtual abolition of all slavery in the Dis- 
 trict and all the States. 
 
 He awakened the country to the silk-growing business, 
 and drew and introduced the first resolutions on the subject, 
 and wrote the able report which was introduced by Gen. 
 Stephen Van Rensselaer, as chairman of the Committee on 
 Agriculture. 
 
 Mr. Miner was the associate of the great men of his 
 day. Intelligent and social, he was attractive, and the ease 
 and brilliancy with which he expressed his thoughts on 
 paper made him useful as well as ornamental in advancing 
 the doctrines of his party, and in furthering the objects of 
 the mighty leaders who wielded the baton of power. Henry 
 Clay, at that time Secretary of State, recognized at once 
 the abilities and usefulness of the member from Pennsyl- 
 vania, made him his friend personally, as he knew him to 
 be politically, and looked to him more than any other gen- 
 tleman of the House to carry out his views upon the sub- 
 jects of internal improvement, the tariff', and a United 
 States bank. 
 
 In 1834 he returned to the Wyoming Valley, where he 
 devoted some years to collecting materials for a" History 
 of Wyoming," which was published in 1845. Afler this 
 he furnished contributions to the newspapers upon various 
 
BIOGKAPHiUAL AJNK (iJiJNJUAi,UtHCAL. 
 
 661 
 
 subjects of interest to the community until advancing years 
 and the infirmities of age compelled him to desist. He 
 continued to reside in the Wyoming Valley until his death, 
 Oct. 26, 1865, at the age of eighty-five years. 
 
 Mr. Miner, in youth and in age, was the perfect gentleman, 
 a true type of what is termed a gentleman of the old school. 
 He was easy and winning in his manners, scrupulously neat 
 and precise in his dress, kind of heart, courteous in de- 
 meanor to all who approached him, open and generous in 
 purse even to his own detriment, and a lover of all those 
 nobler qualities which help to make up the true and honest 
 man. In conversation he was peculiarly agreeable, — no 
 tongue more eloquent than his, so smooth its compliments, 
 so polished its language. He was a model journalist and 
 statesman, and the father of a school of sound thinkers. 
 
 During a portion of the time he resided in West Chester 
 he owned and occupied what has since been known as the 
 Dallett farm (now owned by Dr. Jacob Price), which he 
 called " Spring Grove," and which, while he resided there, 
 was a favorite resort for the young people of West Chester. 
 He always took a friendly interest in the young, and they, 
 on their part, were greatly attached to him. The following 
 will illustrate this mutual feeling : passing along the street 
 one day, he was met by a boy, who inquired of him 
 "whether the peaches were ripe at Spring Grove?" He 
 alluded to it in his paper, and remarked, in substance, 
 " Well did the young rogue know that when the peaches 
 were ripe at Spring Grove he would have his share of 
 them.'' 
 
 MODE, Alexander, received a certificate from Chester 
 Monthly Meeting 2, 2Y, 17Q2, to reniove to Bucks County 
 and marry Ellen, daughter of William Dunkin, of Byberry. 
 Perhaps the same person was of Duck Creek in 1Y21, and 
 married Sarah Hussey, a widow, of Newark Monthly Meet- 
 ing, in that year. 
 
 Alexander Mode, doubtless his son, born 9, 16, 1713, 
 died 3, 20, 1751, settled in East Fallowfield township about 
 1739, and married, 4, 18, 1741, Rebecca, daughter of John 
 Allen, of Londongrove, by whom he had children, — Wil- 
 liam, b. 10, 18, 1742 ; Emey, b. 8, 30, 1745, d. 1785, m. 
 9, 23, 1767, to William Greave ; Ruth, b. 10, 21, 1747, d. 
 4, 5, 1789, m. Samuel Cook ; Hannah, b. 4, 18, 1750, d. 
 9, 23, 1791, m. 4, 11,1770, to Francis Wilkinson. 
 
 William Mode married, 11, 14, 1764, Phebe, daughter of 
 Joseph and Mary Taylor, of West Marlborough, and had 
 children, — Alexander, Mary, Rebecca, Emey (Amy), Wil- 
 liam, Phebe, Allen, Alexander, and Phebe. In 1776 he 
 had a saw- and fulling-mill, and on February 17th adver- 
 tised in the Pennsylvania Gazette a runaway servant-boy 
 or apprentice in a lengthy verse. 
 
 MONTGOMERY, Alexander, and William Nevin 
 received patents, April 18, 1744, for two tracts of land in 
 Londonderry, containing together 650 acres. The will of 
 Alexander Montgomery, of Mill Creek, New Castle Co., 
 dated Sept. 10, 1746, gave his moiety of the land to his 
 sons William and Daniel, they paying something to the 
 other children. Oct. 13, 1761, John Montgomery and 
 wife Esther, Moses Montgomery and wife Elizabeth, Wil- 
 liam Montgomery and Margaret Montgomery released to 
 Daniel his share of the land, and on the 26th of the same 
 
 month Daniel Montgomery, of Philadelphia City, glazier, 
 sold to his brother William, of Londonderry. The latter 
 was about ten or eleven years old at the time of his parents' 
 death. Daniel and Margaret are said to have removed to 
 Northumberland County at the same time as their brother 
 William. 
 
 William Montgomery, third son of Alexander and 
 Mary Montgomery, was born in Londonderry township, 
 Chester Co., Aug. 3, 1736. He was raised in a district 
 and among a people where the spirit of independence seemed 
 to be indigenous, and only required an exciting cause to de- 
 velop it. When the difficulties with the mother-country 
 became serious, Mr. Montgomery was one of the large com- 
 mittee appointed by a county meeting held at Chester Dec. 
 20, 1774, to aid in organizing an acceptable government to 
 supersede the old provincial establishment. He was one 
 of ten delegates from Chester County to the Convention as- 
 sembled in Philadelphia, Jan. 23, 1775, which substantially 
 took charge of the Commonwealth ; and was also a delegate 
 to the Provincial Conference of Committees, which in July, 
 1776, appointed members of Congress from Pennsylvania 
 who had nerve enough to vote for the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence. In June, 1776, lie was colonel of the Fourth 
 Battalion of Chester County, which then required four 
 hundred and fifty stand of arms for service. During his 
 absence in the field his place as a member of the Conven- 
 tion was filled by his brother-in-law, Thomas Strawbridge, 
 as a delegate from Chester County. Col. Montgomery's 
 battalion of the " Flying Camp" was probably in the battle 
 of Long Island, in August, 1776, inasmuch as several of 
 his officers were in Fort Washington at the time of the 
 unfortunate capture of that post in the month of November 
 following. 
 
 Some time in the fall of 1776 or early in 1777, Col. 
 Montgomery removed to the frontier region, in the county 
 of Northumberland, having purchased in 1774 a tract at 
 the site of the present town of Danville (now Montour 
 County), where the settlers were then constantly annoyed 
 by the Indians. On one occasion he was driven from his 
 home for a time by the cruel chief Montour, who ravaged 
 those settlements. 
 
 In 1779 and 1780, Col. Montgomery was a member of 
 Assembly from Northumberland County. In 1790 he was 
 elected to the State Senate, and in 1792 he was chosen 
 a member of the Third Congress. April 17, 1793, 
 he was commissioned major-general of the militia of the 
 counties of Northampton, Northumberland, and Luzerne. 
 In 1801 he was appointed by Governor McKean an asso- 
 ciate judge of Northumberland County. He was also at 
 one time deputy surveyor of that county, and had held other 
 important appointments, such as commissioner to adjust the 
 Connecticut land claims in Wyoming Valley, etc. He died 
 May 1, 1816, in the eightieth year of his age, and was in- 
 terred in the Presbyterian graveyard at Danville. His de- 
 scendants have been, and continue to be, among the most 
 public-spirited and valuable citizens of the district where 
 they reside. 
 
 William Montgomery was a man of excellent character, 
 and of great influence in his day. Nothing of importance 
 in his section of country was undertaken without consult- 
 
662 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ing him. He was the Nestor of the early settlers, and his 
 advice was law with them. 
 
 His first wife was Margaret Nivin, by whom he had 
 children, — Mary, who died at twenty-three years of age ; 
 Alexander, who died in infancy ; Margaret, who died in 
 the same year with her sister ; William, b. about 1762 ; 
 John, b. about 1764; Daniel, b. Oct. 30, 1765; and 
 Alexander, who died young. By a second wife, Isabella 
 Evans, he had Robert, b. April, 1773 ; Hannah, b. Jan. 
 22, 1775; Alexander, b. Oct. 8, 1777; Margaret, b. Jan. 
 8, 1784. Isabella died August, 1791, and in April, 1793, 
 he married Hannah, widow of Matthew Boyd, and sister 
 of Judge James Boyd, of Chester County, but had no 
 children by the last wife. 
 
 Daniel Montgomery, the third son, born in Londonderry, 
 died Dec. 30, 1831. He married Christiana Strawbridge, 
 Nov. 27, 1791, by whom he had nine children. He was 
 one of the most prominent citizens of the region around 
 Danville, which name is said to have been given in compli- 
 ment to him, and, being appointed major-general of militia 
 in 1809, he was known as Gen. Daniel Montgomery. 
 
 Alexander Montgomery, son of William, married Jane 
 Boyd, daughter of John and Mary, of Chester County, 
 and had four daughters, one of whom married M. C. Grier, 
 and was the mother of J. A. M. Grier, known in politics 
 as the " original" Garfield man. Another married A. F. 
 Russel, to whom we are indebted for some of the family 
 history. 
 
 MOORE, William, of Moore Hall.— William Moore 
 was a son of John Moore, collector of the port of Phila- 
 delphia, and was born in that city on the 6th of May, 1699. 
 In his early youth he was sent to England to be educated, 
 and he graduated at the University of Oxford in 1719. 
 His wife is said to have been a descendant of the Earl of 
 Wemyss, and this tradition receives support' from the fact 
 that in his will her husband refers to the noble and honor- 
 able family from which she sprang. John Moore having 
 become interested in the Pickering tract in Charlestown 
 township, Chester Co., Pa., gave his proportion, — a lot of 
 240 acres on the Pickering Creek, adjacent to the Schuyl- 
 kill, — in 1729, to his son William, who had been living on 
 it for some years, and who there passed the remainder of 
 his long and eventful life. On it the latter erected a frame 
 house, which was later superseded by a stone mansion over- 
 looking the river, which is still standing, and has ever since 
 borne the name of Moore Hall. He also built a saw-mill 
 and the Bull tavern, a famous hostelry in the colonial days. 
 He lived in considerable style, and had a number of slaves 
 and other servants. In the Weeldy Mercury for Feb. 28, 
 1737-8, he advertises for sale " a young man who under- 
 stands writing and accounts, and lately kept school." He 
 was an enthusiastic churchman, and at different times was a 
 vestryman of St. James' Episcopal Church, on the Perkio- 
 men, and of Radnor Church, in Delaware County. He was 
 colonel of one of the Chester County militia regiments 
 during the time of the trouble with the Indians. As be- 
 came a gentleman of his standing, he early began to take a 
 part in political afiairs, and in 1733 was sent to the Assem- 
 bly, being re-elected each succeeding fall until 1740. There 
 is a letter to him in the Taylor M8S., which says, — 
 
 "A few days agoe a noted minister of the Gospel, beyond New 
 Garden, and several of liis congregation told me they were Informed 
 by Isaac Wayne that thee declines Serving the County as a repre- 
 sentative in Assembly the ensuing year and has Consented that he 
 shall put thy name with his on a Tickett for Sheriff in order to Es- 
 tablish him in that post. This Information flies like the wind and 
 has given a vast number of those who were in thy Interest a violent 
 shock to hear that a Gent, on whom they so much relied should de- 
 sert their service at a time when ye Publick affairs seem to challenge 
 the Strictest attendance for to help a p'son of so feeble a charracter 
 as Wayne into an office which so little Concerns the true Interest of 
 an English Subject as that of Sheriff." 
 
 This letter probably marks the beginning of an antago- 
 nism between Wayne, the father of the Revolutionary 
 general, and Moore, which subsequently led to important 
 results. It also lends some strength to the belief that 
 during the time of his legislative service Moore belonged 
 to the Quaker and anti-proprietary party. An anonymous 
 piece of satire concerning him, purporting to be a confes- 
 sion, published in 1757, says, — 
 
 " I once made myself believe I could act the Patriot and accordingly 
 made Interest to be chosen for a Eepresentative. Then I opposed 
 loudly all Proprietary Innovations and was warm for the Liberty of 
 my Country but getting nothing but the Honour of serving my Coun- 
 try I found that a Post of Profit might with my skill be more advanta- 
 geous.'' 
 
 In 1741 he was appointed by the Governor a justice of 
 the peace and judge of the County Court. For about 
 forty years thereafter he was president judge of that court. 
 Whatever may have been his previous political creed, it is 
 certain that henceforth he was one of the most decided and 
 influential friends of the proprietaries in the province. In 
 the disputes between the Governor and the Assembly he 
 took an active part, and on the 23d of November, 1755, he 
 wrote to the Assembly that two thousand men were coming 
 down to Philadelphia from Chester County to compel them 
 to pass a militia law, a measure to which the Quaker majority 
 were opposed. This was the first step in a struggle, of which 
 he was the central figure, that shook the whole province, 
 and finally required the intervention of the throne to decide. 
 During the two succeeding years a great many petitions 
 were presented to the Assembly by citizens of Chester 
 County charging him with tyranny, injustice, and even ex- 
 tortion, in^the performance of the duties of his magisterial 
 office, and asking for his removal. The names that were 
 signed to them are too numerous to be repeated here, but 
 among them were some of the best people in the county. 
 It is manifest to the impartial reader that while the haughty 
 and aristocratic bearing of Moore doubtless gave offense, 
 and may have at times led to arbitrary decisions, political 
 rivalry had much to do with the complaints. In a broad- 
 side published in reply, Moore explains the circumstances 
 of each case in detail, and says that the petitions were pro- 
 cured by Isaac Wayne, with whom he had had a quarrel, 
 through spite and rancor, by " riding night and day among 
 ignorant and weak Persons using many Persuasions and 
 Promises." The Assembly, after a hearing of the peti- 
 tioners, which was many times adjourned in order to give 
 him an opportunity to be present, but which he declined 
 to attend, on the ground that they had no authority to 
 make the investigation, determined that he had been guilty 
 of extortion, and many other fraudulent, wicked, and cor- 
 
jJiuwnArniUALi A.av WJiJMJllAiiUUiCAL. 
 
 663 
 
 rupt practices, and asked for his removal from ofiSce. Soon 
 afterwards, on the 19th of October, 1757, Moore wrote a 
 paper, printed in Franklin's Gazette and some other news- 
 papers, in which he fiercely reviewed the action of the 
 Assembly, calling it " virulent and scandalous," and a " con- 
 tinued string of the severest calumny and most rancorous 
 epithets conceived in all the terms of malice and party rage," 
 and based upon petitions procured by a member and tool of 
 the Assembly at a tavern when the signers were incapable 
 of knowing what they did. Immediately after the meeting 
 of the new Assembly, which was composed mainly of the 
 same persons as the preceding, a warrant was issued to the 
 sergeant-at-arms for the arrest of Moore. He was seized 
 at his home at Moore Hall by two armed men one Friday 
 evening, early in January, 1758, hurried away to Philadel- 
 phia, and there confined in jail. A warrant was also issued 
 for the arrest of Dr. "William Smith, provost of the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania, who it was believed had been con- 
 cerned in the preparation of the libelous address. They 
 were both brought before the Assembly, where they refused 
 to make a defense, though Moore admitted that he had 
 written the paper, and refused to retract its statements. It 
 was ordered that he should be confined until he should 
 make a recantation, and that the address be burned by the 
 hangman. They were both given into the custody of the 
 sheriff, with directions that they should not be discharged 
 upon any writ of habeas corpus. They were, however, re- 
 leased in this way, after the adjournment of the Assembly, 
 in about three months. In August the Governor, after a 
 series of quarrels with the Assembly about it, examined a 
 number of witnesses, and went through the form of a trial, 
 as a result of which he announced that Moore had purged 
 himself of every one of the original charges, and that he 
 had never known a more full and clear defense. Smith 
 went to England to prosecute an appeal to the crown, and 
 on Feb. 13, 1760, there was signified formally to the As- 
 sembly " His Majesty's high displeasure" at their unwar- 
 rantable behavior in assuming power that did not belong to 
 them, and invading the royal prerogative and the liberties 
 of the people. The time had not yet come when this au- 
 thority could be resisted, and Moore and his friends came 
 oflf victorious. As in most political contests, there was 
 much unnecessary heat and some truth on both sides. 
 There is plenty of contemporary evidence to show that 
 Moore, admirable aa was the part he played in those old 
 days, and loath as we would be to take even one horse-tooth 
 button set in brass from the dimity coat he wore, was 
 haughty in temper, and none too gentle in the exercise of 
 power. "Unless they put me to the necessity of bringing 
 ejectments, and in that case they are to expect no favor," 
 he wrote in 1769 to Benjamin Jacobs about some people 
 who had made improvements on some of his lands. " This 
 is a season," he adds, " when most or all farmers have their 
 barns or stock-yards filled with the produce of their plan- 
 tations." 
 
 John Boss, the celebrated Philadelphia lawyer, noted in 
 his private docket, in November, 1765, that a case in 
 which he represented some young Quakers accused of a 
 criminal charge had been adjourned three times by Moore 
 without cause, though seventeen witnesses were present, — 
 
 " the first instance of that kind of oppression that ever hap- 
 pened in this Province,"— and that it was supposed to have 
 occurred "from Ms great love to Quakers." At the time of 
 the outbreak of the Kevolutionary war he was an old man 
 of about seventy-six years, and much troubled with the 
 gout. He was, however, keenly alive to the importance 
 of the struggle, and his sympathies, like those of the 
 greater number of men who had secured wealth, position, 
 and reputation under the old order of things, were entirely 
 on the side of the crown. The rebels he regarded as a 
 rude rabble. Jacob Smith, a sort of political eavesdropper, 
 made an aflSdavit that he heard Moore say, at Moore Hall 
 on the 7th of May, 1775, that the people of Boston 
 were a "vile set of rebels," and that "he was determined to 
 commit every man to prison who would associate or muster." 
 There was much excitement abroad, and it was the way of 
 the new men who were coming into power to compel by 
 force those who were suspected of Toryism to recant. On 
 June 6th the committee of Chester County, of which 
 Anthony Wayne was chairman, visited Moore Hall for this 
 purpose. Broken with years and ill in health, the judge 
 was brought to bay, confronted With a power which Great 
 Britain, in eight years of war, was unable to subdue. The 
 spirit, however, with which two decades earlier he had de- 
 fied the Assembly and sufiered imprisonment was still un- 
 daunted, and the paper he signed said, " I also further de- 
 clare that I have of late encouraged and will continue to 
 encourage learning the military art, apprehending the time 
 is not far distant when there may be occasion for it." The 
 latent sarcasm was entirely unnoticed, and the committee 
 unanimously resolved that a perfectly satisfactory answer 
 had been given. 
 
 On another occasion a party from the American army, 
 among whom was Isaac Anderson, afterwards a member of 
 Congress from -this district, which was sent to deprive the 
 Tories of arms, went to Moore Hall, and found its haughty 
 occupant confined to his easy-chair. Among other things 
 they discovered a beautifully wrought sword, whose handle 
 was inlaid with gold and silver, which had probably been 
 an heirloom. They were about to carry it off, when the 
 judge asked permission to see it once more. It had scarcely 
 been given to him before, with his foot on the floor, he 
 snapped the blade ftom the handle. Then, clinching tightly 
 the hilt, he threw to them the useless blade, and with a 
 gesture of contempt, and eyes gleaming, cried, "There, 
 take that if you are anxious to fight ; but you have no busi- 
 ness to steal my plate !" While the army was at Valley 
 Forge, Col. Clement Biddle and others were quartered at 
 Moore Hall, and a committee of Congress met there in the 
 early part of 1778. Moore died on the 30th of May, 
 1783. He and his old antagonists, the Waynes, rest to- 
 gether in peace in the graveyard at Kadnor. Moore lies 
 directly in front of the door, and all the worshipers at that 
 ancient and celebrated church as they enter pass over the 
 remains of one who during his life was probably the most 
 conspicuous and heroic figure in the county of Chester. 
 
 Among his descendants are the Cadwaladers and Bawles 
 of Philadelphia, the Goldsbo roughs and Duponts of Del- 
 aware, and some of the English and German nobility. 
 
 Bev. Charles Moore George Moore and his wife. 
 
664 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Jane (Jorden), came from the north of Ireland about the 
 year 1760, and settled in Philadelphia, in which city they 
 located on Market Street, between Second and Third Streets, 
 and where he lived and died, Dec. 27, 1787. Their son. 
 Rev. Charles Moore, the subject of this sketch, was born 
 in Philadelphia, Jan. 30, 1771, and departed this life July 
 17, 1847, at his residence. West Vincent township, Chester 
 Co. He was in his sixth year at the time of the adoption 
 of the Declaration of Independence, and was at the State- 
 House and heard the tolling of the old bell that proclaimed 
 the birth of a new nation. He was reared and educated in 
 the Episcopal faith or church, and it was the intention of 
 his parents that he should become a clergyman in that 
 denomination. He was married to Margaret, daughter of 
 William and Eliza Carroll, of Philadelphia. Rev. Charles 
 
 In October, 1802, he was baptized by Rev. Mr. Vaughan 
 in the Brandywine at Chads' Ford, and received into the 
 fellowship of the Brandywine Church, Delaware County. 
 His mind having been exercised in regard to preaching, 
 and believing it to be his duty, and the church readily 
 agreeing with him in this view, he received a letter of li- 
 cense to preach the gospel in September, 1812. He con- 
 tinued to supply this church until October, 1813, when he 
 was ordained as their pastor. He continued to preach here 
 for six years, supplying at the same time monthly the Rock 
 Springs Church. 
 
 In 1819 he accepted a unanimous call to the Vincent 
 Baptist Church, Chester County, as pastor, where he labored 
 acceptably and faithfully until the spring of 1844, em- 
 bracing a period of twenty-five years, when increasing in- 
 
 C/^^^ 
 
 Moore early in life obtained peace with God through Christ 
 and united himself with the Old Swedes' Protestant Church, 
 of Philadelphia, in which for several years he faithfully 
 discharged the duties of clerk. In 1797, when the yellow 
 fever prevailed in Philadelphia, and after he and his wife 
 had recovered from an attack of it, he removed to Concord, 
 Delaware Co., and there connected himself with the Epis- 
 copal Church. This church being without a stated minis- 
 try, upon its solicitation he officiated for some time in the 
 public service in reading sermons, making exhortations 
 etc. During his residence here he occasionally attended 
 the Baptist meetings, and under the preaching of Rev. 
 Joshua Vaughan his attention was called to the subject of 
 Christian baptism, which caused him to enter upon a more 
 thorough and careful examination of this and other Bible 
 doctrines. 
 
 firmities induced him to retire from the active duty of the 
 ministry. He was a good preacher, and the fact of having 
 been a hard Bible student did much in establishing this 
 character for him. As a man, he was plain, grave, and re- 
 served, and in the pulpit solemn, affectionate, natural. He 
 is said to have preached the first temperance sermon in this 
 county. His ordinary plan of sermonizing was textual. 
 He was strictly Calvinistic in doctrinal views, and wove a 
 strong warp of doctrines in all his pulpit discourses. Few 
 men have passed through so long a life with a character so 
 free from blot or stain. 
 
 His character as a man, as a Christian, and as a minister 
 was irreproachable. His memory is embalmed in many 
 hearts as a good and devoted minister. 
 
 His children were nine in number, viz.: Eliza B., 
 Sarah, Robert, Lydia, Margaret, William C, Gideon F.] 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 665 
 
 Charles, and Hannah Jane. His son Robert married Ra- 
 chel Smedley, and left five children, — Charles C, Thomas 
 M., Gideon S., Francis J., and Leonard K. Moore, all of 
 whom now reside in Upper TJwchlan township, Chester Co., 
 and own adjoining farms. 
 
 Dr. Joseph Moore was the second son of Nathaniel 
 and Hannah Moore, and was born about the year 1758, in 
 the township of Goshen, Chester Co., Pa. His mother was 
 the widow of Henry Collins, her name previous to her first 
 marriage being Hannah Hunt. We are unable to learn 
 anything definite with regard to his education, either pre- 
 liminary or medical. From what is known of him, how- 
 ever, we have reason to believe he obtained a tolerable 
 English education, and that he attended the lectures at the 
 medical school in Philadelphia ; but, as was usual at that 
 day, he took no degree. His preceptor was Dr. Kennedy, 
 of East Whiteland township, Chester Co. After com- 
 pleting his studies he commenced the practice of medicine, 
 residing in the same house in which he was born. In the 
 year 1780 he married Sarah Jefferis, daughter of Emmor 
 and Elizabeth Jeflferis, of East Bradford township, Chester 
 Co., and by this connection he had five children, — four sons 
 and one daughter. Their names were Joseph, Emmor, 
 Jefferis, James, and Eliza. Joseph studied medicine with 
 Dr. Jacob Ehrenzeller, and emigrated to Mississippi, where 
 his other brothers and sister, who married Passmore Hoopes, 
 also in a few years took up their abode. About the year 
 1792, Dr. Moore removed from Goshen to West Chester, 
 where he continued the practice of his profession until 
 within a short time of his death, which took place about 
 the 5th of July, 1799, of consumption. His wife survived 
 him about one month. Dr. Moore was a man highly re- 
 spected, and he was considered skillful in his profession, 
 much esteemed as a citizen, and kind, attentive, and popu- 
 lar as a physician. He died at the age of forty-one years, 
 deeply lamented by his numerous friends. 
 
 MORGAN, Jacob B. — James Morgan and his wife, 
 Jane, with their children, Margaret, John, Evan, and 
 James, natives of Nantmeal, Radnorshire, Wales, set sail 
 for this country in 1691. Both of the parents died at sea, 
 and the captain of the vessel having been prevailed upon 
 to enter a Maryland port, they were buried at the head of 
 the Bay of Bohemia. All of the children settled in this 
 county, and James and Evan subsequently became distin- 
 guished as clergymen. John purchased a farm near Morgan's 
 Corner, in Radnor township, now Delaware County. His 
 grandson, Mordecai Morgan, was appointed a lieutenant of 
 the Pennsylvania militia, July 15, 1776, participated in the 
 battle of Brandywine, in September, 1777, and died in 
 1794, leaving eight children. Of these, Dr. Mordecai Mor- 
 gan became a surgeon in the United States navy, and at 
 the time of his death was fleet-surgeon of the West India 
 Squadron. He was a man of literary taste and culture, 
 and made translations of several of the Italian poets. In 
 " Hazard's Register" may be found a biographical sketch 
 of the noted Dr. John Davis, written by him. John Mor- 
 gan, another brother, was born in Radnor township in 
 1786, and learned the trade of a carpenter. In 1808 he re- 
 moved to Charlestown township, and opened a store at the 
 Fountain Inn. Soon afterwards he built the General Pike 
 84 
 
 tavern, at which place he was for a number of years post- 
 master and justice of the peace. About 1818 he purchased 
 a farm, a large portion of which he retained until his death 
 in 1871, and until a populous town had grown up around 
 and beyond it. He was elected to the State Legislature in 
 1828 and in 1839. He was president of the Phoenixville 
 
 JACOB B. MORGAN. 
 
 Bridge Company, a street bears his name, and he died at the 
 advanced age of eighty-seven years, possessed of wealth and 
 universally respected. His second son was Jacob B. Mor- 
 gan, born in 1814, who was educated in the common schools 
 and West Chester Academy. He subsequently taught 
 school and entered a store. He was postmaster of Phoenix- 
 ville under the administrations of Presidents Pierce and 
 Buchanan. In 1868 he was elected cashier of the National 
 Bank of Phoenixville, which position he has held to the 
 present time, and his management of the bank has been 
 marked by a large increase of his business and a great ex- 
 tension of public confidence. He was married in 1849 to 
 Lavina C, daughter of John Vanderslice, by whom he 
 has had four children. He has served as justice of the 
 peace, been five times chief burgess of the borough, a di- 
 rector in the school board, and treasurer of the same. In 
 1873 the teachers gave him an elegant testimonial for his 
 ability, suavity of manner, and general conduct in his ad- 
 ministration as a school director. He has served in the 
 borough council (1857), and was vice-president of the Per- 
 severance Building and Loan Association. He was cashier 
 of the Bank of Phcenixville, organized under State law on 
 March 12, 1859, and which he held until it was merged 
 with the National in 1868, when and in which he held the 
 same position, and which he now so efliciently fills. He is 
 a fine business man, conspicuous for his straightforward 
 conduct in life and for his constant efforts to aid in every- 
 thing tending to improve the borough and its people, by 
 whom he is universally loved and respected. 
 
 MORRISON, John A., M.D., is of Scotch-Irish de- 
 scent. His great-grandfather,' Gabriel Morrison, came to 
 
666 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 this country from Ireland about the year 1735, and settled 
 near where his great-grandson, John A., now resides, who 
 was born in 1814, in the southern end of Lancaster 
 County, Pa., but who for forty-four years has been a resi- 
 dent of Chester County, located in Cochranville. His life 
 has been employed in the practice of medicine and in the 
 pursuit of agriculture and the mercantile trade, with the 
 exception of a few years spent in public life. He repre- 
 sented Chester County in the Thirty-second Congress, from 
 1851 to 1853, and was eight years in the customs service 
 in Philadelphia, a portion of the time as United States 
 special drug examiner, and afterwards as United States 
 appraiser. He is now retired from public life, although 
 maintaining his relations to the Democratic party and 
 interested in both local and general affairs ; and now, at 
 the age of sixty-seven years, is enjoying that unobtrusive 
 repose which he prefers to the turmoils of politics or the 
 vexations of office. 
 
 MOWRY, Charles, was a native of Litchfield, Provi- 
 dence Co., R. I., where he was born in 1777. His career in 
 Chester County as editor and publisher of the Temperate 
 Zone and American Republican is given in the article on 
 newspapers. 
 
 On his removal to Harrisburg, after disposing of the 
 American Republican, he purchased the Harrisburg Re- 
 publican, the publication of which he continued under the 
 title of the Pennsylvania Intelligencer. This paper he 
 eventually disposed of to Simon Cameron, who had been 
 associated with him as journeyman and co-partner in its 
 management, in order that he might assume the duties of 
 canal commissioner, to which he had been appointed, and 
 which he held during the administration of Governor 
 Shulze. During his career as editor he acquired con- 
 siderable celebrity as a political writer, and exercised a 
 marked influence upon the policy of his party. Mr. Mowry's 
 wife was Mary, daughter of George Richmond, of Sads- 
 bury township, to whom he was married March 31, 1812. 
 He died July 29, 1838, leaving six children, — three sons, 
 since deceased, and three daughters, one of whom is the 
 widow of Samuel D. Young, and another, the youngest, 
 the wife of Hon. David Fleming, a leading member of 
 the Harrisburg bar. 
 
 MORTON, John, one of the most sterling patriots of 
 our Revolutionary era, was born in the township of Ridley, 
 Chester (now Delaware) Co., in the year 1724. His fam- 
 ily was of Swedish origin. He was chosen a member of 
 Assembly in 1756, in which situation he was continued 
 nearly twenty years ; and wherever good service was re- 
 quired in any important department of the government, so 
 long as he lived there we are we are pretty certain to find the 
 name of John Morton. When the day of trial came on 
 the great question of independence, the Pennsylvania dele- 
 gation to the Continental Congress, on the 4th of July, 
 1776, stood four in favor and five against that momentous 
 proposition. The delegation consisted of the following 
 members, viz. : John Morton (Speaker of the Assembly at 
 the time of their appointment, Nov. 4, 1775), Benjamin 
 Franklin, Robert Morris, James Wilson, John Dickinson, 
 Charles Humphreys, Edward Riddle, Thomas Willing, and 
 Andrew Allen, Esquires. The first four were in favor of 
 
 the measure, but, being in a minority, the State appeared 
 to be against it. 
 
 There were but five of the Pennsylvania delegation, 
 however, occupying their seats on the occasion of the final 
 vote. These were Franklin, Wilson, Morton, Humphreys, 
 and Willing. The first three voted in favor of the Declara- 
 tion and the last two against it, and thus the vote of Penn- 
 sylvania, which, on the adoption of the resolution of inde- 
 pendence on the 2d of July, had been cast against it, was 
 now cast in favor of the Declaration, and the unanimity so 
 important was secured. 
 
 Dickinson and Morris, who had voted against the reso- 
 lution of independence on the 2d of July, were not present 
 on the 4th of July, when the final vote was taken, or if 
 present did not occupy their seats. It is said by some 
 writers that they were not present, and that their absence 
 was brought about by the influence of Samuel Adams, one 
 of the warmest friends of independence. Thomas McKean, 
 one of the delegates from Delaware, in a letter written in 
 1817, says that they were present, but did not take their 
 seats on that day. At all events, they did not vote, and 
 thus permitted the Declaration to be adopted. The proba- 
 bility is that, seeing that all the colonies except Pennsylva- 
 nia had now a majority of delegates in favor of independ- 
 ence, and that the Declaration would certainly be adopted, 
 they were not willing by their votes to place Pennsylvania 
 in the position of being the only colony in opposition to it, 
 and hence, although they doubted the expediency of the 
 measure, withdrew, and permitted the vote of the delega- 
 tion to be cast in its favor. 
 
 John Morton lived in a section of the country which was 
 very hostile to independence. His neighbors and friends, 
 almost to a man, entertained views on this subject different 
 from his own, some because they were favorably disposed 
 to the crown, and others because they believed the day of 
 reconciliation had not passed, and that the time had not 
 come when the colonies could safely sever their connection 
 with the mother-country. When the subject was before 
 Congress, they sought to induce him to vote against the 
 measure, and admonished him of the disastrous results 
 which would inevitably follow if the colonists should fail, as 
 in their opinion they undoubtedly would. Their efforts, 
 however, were of no avail, and he enrolled his vote in favor 
 of independence, and thus secured that unanimity so essen- 
 tial to the success of the cause. 
 
 John Morton did not live to see the result of the effort 
 to achieve independence. Having affixed his signature to 
 the immortal document, he closed his valuable life in the 
 month of April, 1777, at the age of fifty-three years. He 
 was so conscious that he had performed an act which would 
 commend him to posterity that on his death-bed, when the 
 censure of his friends was strongly present to his mind, 
 and when the cause of the colonists was gloomy in the ex- 
 treme, he sent to them this prophetic message : " Tell them 
 that they will live to see the hour when they shall acknowl- 
 edge it to have been the most glorious service that I have 
 ever rendered to my country." 
 
 As a private citizen, he possessed an unusual share of es- 
 teem ; his moral character was above all stain, and every 
 act of his life, of which we have any knowledge, shows that 
 
BIOaRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 667 
 
 he possessed that rarest of mental • faculties, — good judg- 
 ment. He was the first of the signers of the Declaration 
 who died. 
 
 It may be added that when the British army passed 
 through the neighborhood of his late residence, after the 
 battle of Brandywine, they despoiled his widow and children 
 of property to the value of three hundred and sixty-five 
 pounds, — Pennsylvania currency, nearly equal to one 
 thousand dollars, — a very considerable sum in those days. 
 
 Robert W. Moeton. — James Morton emigrated from 
 the northern part of Ireland, near Belfast, just previous to 
 the Revolutionary war. He first settled near Hoopes' 
 Mills, in Honeybrook township, and married, after his ar- 
 rival in Chester County, Isabella Mann, who was born in 
 his native place in Ireland. To them were born six chil- 
 
 section of the county, and does a very large business, and 
 has the entire confidence of the business world and public 
 generally. He was married April 16, 1846, to Jane, 
 daughter of John Robinson, Esq., of Salisbury, Lancaster 
 Co. He has served three terms of three years each as 
 school director, and is very active in school matters. He 
 is strongly attached to the principles of the Republican 
 party, but has always refused to be a candidate for office. 
 He is of Scotch-Irish extraction on both sides of his family, 
 and comes of the old Presbyterian or Seceding element. 
 He owns a farm in Lancaster County, on which is a saw- 
 and clover-mill, also a farm in Honeybrook township, on 
 which is a grist-mill. He is a man highly esteemed in the 
 business and social world. 
 
 John W. Morton. — Robert Morton, son of James, the 
 
 ^^'/c^ 
 
 dren, — three sons and three daughters, — of whom Robert 
 was the eldest. He was born Oct. 2, 1779, and married 
 Elizabeth Moore (his first wife), by whom Robert White- 
 hill Morton was born, Oct. 2, 1817. He worked on his 
 father's farm until he was twenty-one, and was educated at 
 the neighborhood subscription schools, working in the sum- 
 mer and attending school in winter. He studied surveying 
 with Squire Beynard Way, a noted surveyor of that day. 
 He began farming on his own account in 1842, in which 
 he continued to 1855 on the old farm. He then farmed in 
 Lancaster County until 1869, during which time he was 
 ten years justice of peace, and engaged in conveyancing 
 and siirveying. The First National Bank of Honeybrook 
 was organized February, 1868, with $100,000 capital, and 
 he was in April following elected its cashier, which position 
 he has held to this time. This is the only bank in this 
 
 emigrant, from near Belfast, Ireland, married for his second 
 wife Nancy Walker, by whom he had only one child, John 
 Walker. He was born April 29, 1824, in Honeybrook 
 township. He spent his boyhood on the farm, and received 
 the usual educational advantages > the country schools then 
 afi'orded. He was married Nov. 27, 1862, to Victoria, 
 daughter of WilUam B. Lewis. She died April 12, 1876. 
 He was the second time married, March 12, 1878, to R. B. 
 Dorian, daughter of Samuel B. Dorian, of Dorian's Mills, 
 Upper Uwchlan township, by whom he has had one child, 
 John Ralph, born March 13, 1879. He owns, in the 
 southern part of Honeybrook township, one hundred and 
 fifty acres of land, a part of the original Morton homestead 
 tract. In 1879 he was elected a justice of the peace for the 
 term of five years; the same office his father, Robert, and his 
 two half-brothers, Robert W. and William, once filled. 
 
668 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 He served in the 47th Regiment of Pennsylvania militia 
 (three months' men) in the summer of 1863, in the Rebellion. 
 He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a ruling 
 elder in the same, as was his father before him. He has 
 been Sunday-school superintendent. He is a Republican 
 in politics, and has ever been active for his party. He re- 
 moved in 1878 from his farm to the borough of Honey- 
 brook, where he now resides in easy retirement, renting out 
 his fine farm. His father, Robert, died April 11, 1852, 
 aged seventy-two years ; his mother, Nancy (Walker), died 
 May 10, 1865, aged seventy-six years. He enjoys the 
 respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens. 
 
 MOYLAN, Stephen, a Revolutionary officer, was col- 
 onel of the 4th Pennsylvania Regiment of light dragoons. 
 He was born in Ireland in 1734, and at the breaking out of 
 the Revolution offered his services to Gen. Washington. 
 He was at Germantown, Oct. 4, 1777, with Wayne in the 
 expedition to Bull's Perry, July 20, 1780, and in 1781 
 accompanied Gen. Greene to the southward. Nov. 3, 1783, 
 he was made a brigadier-general by brevet. The following 
 particulars appear in Saffell's " Records of the War," page 
 51 : " Sept. 30, 1779, Paid by Mr. Pierce to Patrick Bennett, 
 for recruiting the 4th Regiment of Light Dragoons, to be 
 accounted for by Colonel Moylan, $5000." Col. Moylan's 
 name also appears in the list of officers of the Continental 
 army entitled to half-pay.— /Sa/eW, p. 427. Col. Moylan 
 was appointed register and recorder of Chester County on 
 the 7th of April, 1792, to succeed Persifor Frazer, de- 
 ceased, and resided on a farm in the township of Goshen 
 in said county. He held those offices until Dec. 13, 1793 
 when he was succeeded by Col. John Hannum. 
 
 NEWLIN, Nicholas, a gentleman in easy circum- 
 stances, with his wife and children, emigrated from Mount- 
 mellick, in the county of Tyrone, Ireland, in 1683, and 
 settled in Concord, (now) Delaware County. 
 
 It is claimed by some of his descendants that he was an 
 English gentleman of ancient family, and that he was de- 
 scended from the De Newlandes, who were manor lords 
 under the early Norman kings of England. Be this as it 
 may, he was a member of the Society of Friends, and 
 brought with him to this country a certificate of member- 
 ship, in which the meeting expresses dissatisfaction with 
 his intended removal, and intimates that he was fearful of 
 suffering there for the testimony of Jesus, or that he 
 coveted worldly liberty.* Whether the intimation therein 
 
 * This certificate of membership is aa follows : 
 
 " At the request of Nicholas Newland, we do hereby certify that 
 the said Nicholas Newland acquainted our Mens' Meeting with his in- 
 tention of remoTing himself and his family out of this nation into New 
 Jersey or Pennsylvania, in America, and we have nothing to charge 
 against him or his family, or to their conversation in the world, since 
 they frequented our Meetings, but has wallied honestly among men 
 for aught we know, or can hear of by enquiring, which hath been 
 made ; but our Friends Meeting are generally dissatisfied with his so 
 removing, he being so well settled with his family, and having suffi- 
 cient substance for food and raiment, which all that profess Godliness 
 in Christ Jesus ought to be content with, for we brought nothing into 
 this world, and we are sure to take nothing out, and he hath given us 
 no satisfactory reason for his removing; but our Godly jealousy is 
 that his chief ground is fearfulness of sufferings here for the testi- 
 mony of Jesus, or coveting worldly liberty, all which we certify from 
 our Mens' Meeting at Mount Mellick, 25th of 12mo., 1682 
 
 "And we further certify, that enquiry hath been made concerning 
 the clearness of Nathaniel and John Newland, sons of said Nicholas 
 Newland, from all entanglement of marriage, and that they are re- 
 leased for aught we find. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 669 
 
 conveyed as to the cause of his removal was correct or not, 
 his conduct here showed him to be a man firm in the per- 
 formance of what he believed to be his duty under all 
 circumstances. 
 
 In 1685 he was appointed to a seat in the Provincial 
 Council, and was for a time one of the justices pf the courts 
 of Chester County. He had a large estate in Concord and 
 Birmingham, and built a mill at the former place in very 
 early times. Friends' meetings were held at his house as 
 early as 1687, and after his death were continued for a 
 number of years at his widow's. He died at Concord in 
 May, 1699, and was there buried. Elizabeth Newlin, his 
 widow, died in 1717. Their children were Nathaniel, 
 John, — who died unmarried, — Elizabeth, and Rachel. 
 
 Elizabeth Newlin, in 1683, married Thomas Burton, of 
 
 Rasenagh, Queens Co., Ireland. They had children,; 
 
 Mary, Elizabeth, Rebecca, and Martha. She married a 
 second husband, "William Pagett. Her father devised to 
 her 250 acres of land in Birmingham. 
 
 Rachel Newlin, in 1685, married Ephraim Jackson, 
 of Edgmont. They had nine children, — John, Joseph, who 
 died young, Joseph, Nathaniel, Josiah, Samuel, Ephraim, 
 Mary, and Rachel. 
 
 Nathaniel Newlin, son of Nicholas, was born about 
 the year 1660, and emigrated from Ireland with his father 
 in 1683, and April 17, 1685, married Mary Mendenhall, 
 who came from Wiltshire, England. He resided at Con- 
 cord, and was quite a prominent person, both in the 
 meetings of Friends and in the community at large. In 
 1698 he was elected to the Provincial Assembly as a repre- 
 sentative from Chester County, and continued in that body 
 at different times for several years. In 1700 he was one 
 of the committee to consider and draw up a new frame of 
 government and to revise the laws. He was subsequently 
 appointed one of the proprietaries' commissioners of prop- 
 erty, and a justice of the county courts. In 1722 he be- 
 came one of the trustees of the general loan-office of the 
 province, which position he continued to hold till the time 
 of his death, when he was succeeded by Justice Richard 
 Hayes. 
 
 He continued to reside in Concord as long as he lived, 
 and owned a large amount of real estate there as well as 
 elsewhere. A brick dwelling-house, which he erected at 
 Concord in 1699, was standing until within a few years 
 past. In 1724 he became the owner of over 7000 acres 
 in one tract, since known as Newlin township. It was 
 in relation to the occupancy of this tract that he had the 
 dispute with the Indians. 
 
 Although advanced in life, he married again, 2, 17, 
 1729, Mary Fincher, and his death occurred in May of 
 the same year. His widow removed to Londongrove, 
 where she died the next year. Nathaniel Newlin was the 
 only son of Nicholas Newlin who left issue. His children 
 were, — 1. Jemima; 2. Elizabeth; 3. Nicholas; 4. Nathan- 
 iel ; 5. John ; 6. Kezia ; and 7» Mary. 
 
 " Signed by the advice and in the behalf of the Meeting, Tobias 
 Pladwell, William Ednmndson, Christopher Raper," and others. 
 
 The original of the foregoing certificate is in the handwriting of 
 William Bdmundson, as appears by his signature thereto. The name 
 Newland may either hare been misspelled by him, or afterwards 
 changed. It has always been spelled Newlin in this county. 
 
 1. Jemima Newlin was born 12, 9, 1685-6; married 
 10, 4, 1712, to Richard Eavenson, of Thornbury. 
 
 2. Elizabeth Newlin was born 1, 3, 1687-8; married in 
 1713 to Ellis Lewis, of Radnor, and left four children,— 
 Robert, Mary, Nathaniel, and Ellis. They resided in 
 Kennet. 
 
 3. Nicholas Newlin (2) was born 3, 19, 1689 ; married, 
 in 1715, Edith, daughter of Nicholas and Abigail Pyle. 
 She was born 1, 20, 1695, in Bethel. He became the 
 owner of 250 acres in Birmingham which had belonged to 
 his grandfather, Nicholas Newlin (1), but he continued to 
 reside in Concord. 
 
 4. Nathaniel Newlin (2) was born Jan. 19, 1690-1, and 
 in 1710-11 married Jane, daughter of Richard and Jane 
 Woodward, of Middletown. He served in the Provincial 
 Assembly for a number of years as a representative of 
 Chester County. He resided at Concord, where he died in 
 February, 1731-2. His widow died in 1737. They left 
 nine children, — Nathaniel, Joseph, Nicholas, Nathan, Ra- 
 chel, Elizabeth, Jane, Mary, and Martha. 
 
 5. John Newlin was born 12, 28, 1691 ; married, in 
 1711, Mary, daughter of Richard and Jane Woodward, of 
 Middletown. She was a sister of his brother Nathaniel's 
 wife. He died in 1753. His widow, Mary Newlin, of 
 Concord, died 11, 24, 1790, having attained the great age 
 of one hundred and one years. She preserved all her facul- 
 ties to the last moment of her life. They had children, — 
 Nathaniel, John, Jane, Rebecca, Mary, and perhaps others. 
 His sons appear to have settled in Newlin township, but 
 their parents continued to reside in Concord. 
 
 6. Kezia Newlin was born 12, 22, 1695-6, and married 
 William Baily, of Kennet. 
 
 7. Mary Newlin was born 2, 2, 1699, and in 1724 
 married Richard Clayton, of Concord. She left no chil- 
 dren, and her property was inherited by her eldest brother, 
 Nicholas Newlin. 
 
 Nathaniel Newlin (3), son of Nathaniel (2), married 
 Esther Midkiff, who survived him. His son, the Hon. 
 Nathaniel Newlin (4), was a member of the State Senate, 
 and of the Convention which framed the constitution of 
 1790. It is said he was offered a seat in Congress by the 
 dominant party on several occasions, but refused it. 
 
 Joseph Newlin, son of Nathaniel (2), married, in 1740, 
 Phebe, granddaughter of Ralph Lewis, an eminent Welsh 
 settler. He died 1768, his wife surviving, and left his 
 plantation to his eldest son, Ellis Newlin, who, in 1771, 
 married Jane Mason. They had three sons, — Joseph, Wil- 
 liam, and George. 
 
 It will thus be seen that Nathaniel Newlin (1) left three 
 sons, — Nicholas, Nathaniel, and John ; that of these Na- 
 thaniel had sons, — Nathaniel, Joseph, Nicholas, and Nathan; 
 and that John had sons, — Nathaniel and John. From 
 these, or some of them, the families in Pennsylvania bear- 
 ing the surname of Newlin have probably all descended. 
 
 NILES, Hezekiah, was born Oct. 10, 1777, at the 
 residence then of James Jefferis (now of John James), on 
 the east side of the main branch of the Brandywine, near 
 Jefferis' Ford. When Howe's army moved from the Head 
 of Elk for Philadelphia, it was generally expected that the 
 march would be by way of Wilmington, Del., and to evade 
 
670 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHBSTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 the evils of such a visit Mrs. Niles, being a resident of that 
 place, and near her coDfinement, sought a refuge in the fam- 
 ily of James JeflFeris, aforesaid, where Hezekiah was born, 
 about four weeks after the military passed by. On this 
 ground he is claimed as a Chester County man. The 
 Hessian auxiliaries of Britain were notorious for maltreat- 
 ing and plundering the inhabitants. They menaced the 
 life of Mrs. Niles for hesitating to surrender her personal 
 property ; and her son mentions more than once, in his 
 Weekly Register, that the myrmidons of George III. 
 threatened to bayonet him before he was born. 
 
 When Hezekiah was old enough to engage in a profes- 
 sion he was apprenticed to learn " the art preservative of 
 all arts," and at the close of the last century was one of the 
 firm of Bonsall & Niles, printers and publishers, in Wil- 
 mington. In 1801 this firm was employed in publishing a 
 revised edition of the political writings of John Dickinson, 
 in two handsome octavo volumes. The printing establish- 
 ment in which Mr. Niles was then concerned was unsuc- 
 cessful. For some time after the failure Mr. Niles was 
 connected with a periodical, to which he contributed amus- 
 -ing-essays under the title of " Quill-driving, by Geoffrey 
 Thickneck," and then he became for several years editor of 
 a daily paper in the city of Baltimore. But the great 
 work of his life was his incomparable Weekly Register, a 
 compendium of general intelligence, commenced at Balti- 
 more in 1811, and conducted by H. Niles for a quarter of 
 a century with untiring industry and consummate ability. 
 Keferring to it in one of his letters, he says, — 
 
 " Whatever may be its merits, I can say this, that it is the most 
 laborious publication that, I believe, ever issued by the editorship of 
 one man. A daily paper — of which I had six years' experience — is 
 mere play compared with the toil of this thing." 
 
 He also compiled a volume entitled " Principles and 
 Acts of the Kevolution," highly illustrative of opinions and 
 events in that stormy period. 
 
 Hezekiah Niles was a kind, amiable, sagacious man, an 
 earnest politician, and a zealous Kepublican. Skilled in the 
 science of political economy, he was at once a ready writer 
 and an accomplished advocate of the protection due to our 
 national industry. 
 
 In the latter years of his life Mr. Niles was disabled by 
 a paralytic affection, and retired to Wilmington, Del., 
 whither he went, as he said, " To die and be buried with 
 his kindred." He departed this life April 2, 1839, in the 
 sixty-second year of his age. 
 
 NIXON, Col. John. — Richard Nixon, a native of 
 Wexford, Ireland, emigrated to this country in the first 
 half of the eighteenth century. His son John, the subject 
 of this sketch, was born in Chester Co., Pa., and having 
 received a good education, became a merchant in Philadel- 
 phia. He was one of the founders of the Society of the 
 Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, in 1771, and was an ardent 
 patriot. He was one of the Committee of Safety, often pre- 
 sided as chairman, and served on the Committee of Accounts. 
 As lieutenan(>colonel he commanded the City Guard of 
 Philadelphia from July 19, 1776, and was one of the navy 
 board. He commanded the Third Pennsylvania Battalion 
 in the defense of the Delaware in 1776-77, and during his 
 absence at the camp at Valley Forge, and the occupation 
 
 of Philadelphia by the British, in the winter of 1777-78, 
 his country-seat was burned by the enemy. The Declara- 
 tion of Independence was first read in public by him on the 
 8th of July, 1776, four days after its final adoption, from 
 the platform of an observatory in the State-House yard, 
 which had been erected in 1769 to observe the transit of 
 Venus over the sun, to an assemblage of the people of 
 that city and vicinity. The people listened in silence and 
 with solemn thought upon the momentous character of the 
 act. 
 
 When the old Bank of Pennsylvania was established by 
 subscription, July 17, 1780, to procure supplies of provi- 
 sions for the then extremely destitute armies of the United 
 States, he was chosen one of the first directors. He was 
 president of the Bank of North America, which grew out 
 of and superseded the old Bank of Pennsylvania, from its 
 organization in January, 1782, until his death, about Jan. 
 
 1, 1809. 
 
 Col. John Nixon was a gentleman of more than average 
 ability, upright, patriotic, enthusiastic, and hospitable. He 
 was highly esteemed by his brother-officers and fellow- 
 citizens generally. 
 
 NUTT, Samuel, the founder of the Coventry Iron- 
 Works, came from Coventry, in Warwickshire, bringing a 
 certificate from the Monthly Meeting of Coventry, dated 
 
 2, 7, 1714, which was presented at Concord Monthly 
 Meeting 10, 13, 1714. No further notice of him appears 
 on the records of the latter meeting. Before leaving Eng- 
 land he, on the 4th of May, 1714, purchased from Benja- 
 min Weight, of Coventry, 1250 acres of land in Pennsyl- 
 vania, some of which was laid out in Sadsbury township, 
 now owned by William L. Paxson and others. He is said to 
 have returned to England to bring over skilled workers in 
 iron, and it may be that his nephew of the same name ac- 
 companied him hither at that time. Samuel Nutt, Sr., 
 married Anna, widow of Samuel Savage, and daughter of 
 Thomas Butter, and her daughter, Rebecca Savage, became 
 the wife of Samuel Nutt, Jr., May 17, 1733. In the 
 Pennsylvania Gazette of May 29, 1740, we find the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 "We hear from French Creek, in Chester County, that on Monday 
 last Mr. Robert Grace, a Gentleman of this city, wa« married to Mrs. 
 Rebecca Nutt, an agreeable young Lady, with a Fortune of Ten Thou- 
 sand Pound." 
 
 Samuel Nutt, Jr., left no son, and the name became ex- 
 tinct in that family. (See p. 34.) 
 
 OGIER, Septimus AuausTUs, M.D., was born in 
 Charleston, S. C, on Sept. 17, 1821; died in East 
 Whiteland township, Chester Co., Pa., Nov. 26, 1857, and 
 is interred in St. Paul's graveyard. West Whiteland. ' He 
 was the seventh child of Thomas and Sarah Ogier. His 
 father was a Frenchman, and was engaged in the mercan- 
 tile business between Charleston and Marseilles, France. 
 The family were Huguenots, and during the troubles in 
 France between the Protestants and Roman Catholics, dur- 
 ing the reign of Charles IX., were forced to flee from the 
 country. 
 
 Dr. Ogier, as a child, was remarkable for his sprightli- 
 ness, great amiability of character, and affectionate disposi- 
 tion, traits that were of great service to him in after-life in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 671 
 
 making him a successful physician. He received a colle- 
 giate education, first graduating at the South Carolina Col- 
 lege and afterwards at Yale. In 1840, at the age of nine- 
 teen, he entered the office of his brother, Dr. Thomas Louis 
 Ogier, a distinguished practitioner in Charleston, and com- 
 menced the study of medicine. He graduated at the State 
 Medical College of South Carolina, at Charleston, in 1842. 
 To further perfect himself and to secure a better oppor- 
 tunity to study surgery he came North, and in 1843 entered 
 the Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia, where he 
 again received a medical diploma. It was while engaged 
 in studying that he made the acquaintance of Miss Catha- 
 rine Gross Brinton, daughter of Maj. Thomas H. Brinton, 
 of Delaware Co., Pa., whom he married in 1845, and with 
 his bride returned to his native city, intending to engage in 
 the practice of medicine. The climate of the South not 
 agreeing with his wife's health, he returned North the next 
 year and settled in Philadelphia, where he was induced to 
 engage in the business of an apothecary. The business being 
 distasteful to him, he abandoned it and removed to Glen- 
 loch, then called " The Steamboat," and boarded with the 
 late E. Dunbar. At that time Dr. Stephen Harris removed 
 from that section of the county, and Dr. Ogier, it appears, 
 was just the man to take his place ; this was in 1849. He 
 came among the people an entire stranger, but from his 
 gentle and kindly disposition it was not long before he be- 
 came very popular, and soon acquired a large though not 
 lucrative practice. He was always to be found at his post 
 of duty, whether it was in the hovel of the poor or in the 
 elegant mansion of the wealthy, nor were his ministrations 
 alone confined to those of a physician for the ailments to 
 which the body is heir, but he consoled the grief-stricken 
 when the Angel of Death visited an abode, and did not 
 feel it beneath a man to weep with the afflicted and give 
 them Christian consolation. 
 
 He placed his standard high, and steadfastly aimed to 
 reach it. Almost immediately after his settlement in Ches- 
 ter Valley he connected himself with the Chester County 
 Medical Society, and became one of its most active mem- 
 bers. He was chosen for one year its president, and on 
 several occasions represented the society in the National 
 and State Associations, and was at the time of his death 
 one of the standing secretaries of the latter association, to 
 which he had been elected in 1856. He was the author 
 of several medical papers. 
 
 He was an active member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, 
 and was for a number of years one of the vestrymen. Nov. 
 26, 1857, he came to a most untimely and melancholy 
 death. He had been engaged during the day in making 
 professional visits, and was on his way home, between 
 the hours of four and five o'clock in the afternoon, and 
 whilst attempting to cross the Pennsylvania Railroad at 
 Frazer, within sight of his home, the fast passenger-train 
 bound west struck his carriage, killing him almost instantly. 
 His death threw a great gloom over the whole community 
 and the medical gentlemen of the county. 
 
 He left a wife and five children, to wit : Thomas Louis, 
 Catharine Brinton, Mary Brinton, iEmelius St. Julien, 
 and Carolina Blanche. The two youngest daughters are 
 
 PAINTER, Samuel, is supposed to have come from 
 that part of England bordering on Wales, and his name is 
 found as a lot-owner in Philadelphia in 1705. His son 
 Samuel purchased 532 acres of land in Birmingham in 
 1707, and his father bought adjoining land in 1711. The 
 son was married, 4, 7, 1716, at Concord Meeting, to Eliza- 
 beth Buxoey, a sister to the wife of John Passmore, of 
 Kennet. Their children were Mary, m. to Isaac Gilpin ; 
 Samuel ; John, m. to Agnes Cobourn and Sarah Yeatman ; 
 Thomas, m. to Grace Cloud ; Ann, m. to Robert Chamber- 
 lin ; and Lydia. 
 
 Samuel (3) married, 6, 5, 1741, Esther, daughter of 
 Joseph and Hannah Gilpin, of Birmingham. Their chil- 
 dren were James, m. to Jane Carter; George; Lydia, m. 
 to Isaac Baily ; Joseph ; Thomas ; Hannah, m. to Joseph 
 Townsend, of Baltimore ; and Samuel. Of these, Joseph, 
 b. 4, 1, 1748, d. 10, 24, 1804, m. Elizabeth Woodward, b. 
 
 6, 12, 1748, d. 8, 24, 1808, daughter of Thomas and 
 Elizabeth (Kirk) Woodward. They lived in East Brad- 
 ford, now Birmingham township, where he followed the 
 fulling business. 
 
 Of their five children, Joseph Painter was born 7th mo. 
 5, 1782, and was married at Bradford Meeting, 9th mo. 
 12, 1805, to Lydia Marshall, daughter of Samuel and 
 Rachel Marshall, of West Bradford, born 8th mo. 2, 1788. 
 They resided for many years in East Bradford, but settled 
 in West Chester in 1829. Their children were, — 1. Mary 
 Ann, b. 7, 11, 1806, d. 11, 11, 1809 ; 2. Rachel M., b. 4, 17, 
 1808, d. 11, 15, 1865 ; 3. Samuel M., b. 9, 16, 1809, m. 
 10, 17, 1839, Ann Vickers, of Uwchlan, daughter of John 
 and Abigail Vickers ; 4. Elizabeth P., b. 5, 31, 1813, m. 
 Joseph Vickers, d. 9, 8, 1863 ; 5. Lydia S., b. 8, 3, 1815, 
 d. 11, 24, 1832 ; 6. Sarah, b. 12, 8, 1816, d. 6, 30, 1817 ; 
 
 7. Joseph H., b. 10, 5, 1818, m. 2, 19, 1840, Esther, 
 daughter of Joseph and Charity Kersey ; 8. Mary H., b. 
 9, 30, 1820, m. 12, 30, 1840, Chalkley M. Valentine; 9. 
 James G., b. 5, 12, 1823, m. Mary H. Pierce ; 10. Cyrus 
 P., b. 11, 20, 1825, m. Abigail A. Alison ; 11. Thomas, 
 b. 7, 7, 1830. Joseph Painter died 8th mo. 12, 1855, and 
 his wife, Lydia, 5th mo. 10, 1857. Joseph Painter was a 
 man of strong character, and for many years wielded a con- 
 trolling political influence in the county. Immediately 
 succeeding the alleged abduction and murder of Morgan by 
 the Freemasons, the feeling against the Masonic order was 
 very high all over the land. In 1829, Mr. Painter published 
 a few numbers of a paper at Yellow Springs, which was 
 printed by Alexander Marshall, and devoted to the interests 
 of the Anti-Masonic party. Later in the same year he es- 
 tablished at West Chester the Anti-Masonic Register. (See 
 page 331.) 
 
 About six months after starting his paper at West 
 Chester, he built a frame office at the east end of what is 
 now the Mansion House. He began his paper at Yellow 
 Springs with only one hundred and fifty subscribers, but- in 
 two or three years his list increased to over two thousand. 
 His papers were delivered all over the county, at the stores 
 and elsewhere, to subscribers by riders outside of the post 
 facilities. For a decade of years the Anti-Masonic party, of 
 which his paper was the organ, swept the county, and elected 
 Governor Ritner to the gubernatorial chaii-. 
 
672 
 
 history: op CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Mr. Painter was an able writer and first-class business 
 man, and in the publication of his paper a power in the 
 county and State. He amassed a snug competence. His 
 paper took advanced ground in favor of the cause of tem- 
 perance, and was strongly anti-slavery, opposing the holding 
 of human beings in bondage, and attacking the slave dyn- 
 asty and interests in every conceivable way. Mr. Painter 
 was one of the agents of the " Underground Railroad," 
 through whom many a slave found a channel for escape to 
 Canada and the more Northern States. During the height 
 of the Anti-Masonic furor the Masonic lodge at West 
 Chester surrendered its charter. Mr. Painter was a humani- 
 tarian in its broadest sense, a friend of liberty and good 
 society, and a foe to tyranuy, whether in governmental, 
 religious, or mental economies, and for a long period was 
 the brilliant and trusted leader of a party whose most able 
 exponent he was with his trenchant pen and iron will. 
 
 James Painter, son of Samuel (3), was married, 5, 9, 1771, 
 to Jane Carter, daughter of John and Hannah (Cope) 
 Carter, of East Bradford (now Birmingham) township, and 
 settled close by her father's late residence. Their children 
 were Elizabeth, Enos, John, Hannah, and Phebe. Enos, 
 the only one that married, was born 12, 1, 1773, died 5, 30, 
 1857 ; married Hannah, only daughter of Jacob and Ann 
 Minshall, of Middletown, Delaware Co., and settled on her 
 father's farm. At this homestead Minshall and Jacob 
 Painter, his two unmarried sons, spent their lives, which 
 were largely devoted to the acquisition of knowledge, the 
 care of a botanical garden, and collection of family and local 
 history. The former was one of the founders of the Dela- 
 ware County Institute of Science. Their brother James, 
 born 12, 17, 1802, married, 5, 6, 1835, Betsy G., daugh- 
 ter of William and Betsy Thatcher, of Thornbury, and 
 settled on the ancestral farm on the Brandywine. He died 3, 
 25, 1867, after which his widow removed to West Chester. 
 
 Their children were William T., Hannah, Minshall, Mary, 
 and Annie. Of these, the eldest, William T., was born 4th mo. 
 23, 1836, and married, 10th mo. 13, 1864, Hannah Mary, 
 daughter of Job and Sarah S. Hayes, of Newlin township. 
 He settled at the homestead of his father, formerly of East 
 Bradford, but now of Birmingham. His children are 
 George, born 12th mo. 8, 1866, and Mary B., born 9th 
 mo. 12, 1870. His wife, Hannah Mary (Hayes), died 5th 
 mo. 26, 1880. His dwelling-house was erected in 1773, 
 and its immediate locality was the scene of Revolutionary 
 conflicts, the Brandywine battle being fought only two miles 
 from it. The American army passed by the Painter house, 
 and his grandmother, a stanch patriot, making bread, the 
 soldiers, hungry and tired, ate all the dough and drank the 
 well dry. 
 
 PALMER, R. and E. — John Palmer emigrated from 
 England to this State shortly after the organization of Chester 
 County, and 7th month 26, 1688, purchased by patent a 
 hundred acres in Concord township (now Delaware County). 
 About this time he married Mary Suddery (Southery), 
 daughter of Robert Southery, a fuller by trade, and late of 
 Westbury, county of Wilts, in Great Britain. They were 
 originally Friends, but left the society through the defec- 
 tion of George Keith. Their only son, John, married 
 Martha Yearsley, 4th month 9, 1714. The fifth child of 
 
 this couple was Moses, born 5th month 26, 1721, and who 
 married, 2d month 17, 1745, Abigail Newlin, and for his 
 second wife Abigail Sharpless, 11th month 22, 1752. Jo- 
 seph, the third child of Moses' second marriage, was born 
 4th month 21, 1759. He married, 5th month 18, 1785, 
 Hannah Peters, and of their nine children Wilson, the 
 sixth, was born 2d month 4, 1798, and married, in 1825, 
 Ann J. Jaquette. Of their seven children, Rees, the fifth, 
 was born March 5, 1834, aad Eli, the sixth, Sept. 10, 1835. 
 Rees Palmer, married, Feb. 14, 1861, Mary S. Nields, 
 daughter of Daniel and Eliza (Smedley) Nields, and to 
 them have been born George Jaquette, June 25, 1862 ; 
 Anna Maria, Dec. 16, 1864, d. July 31, 1866 ; Mary 
 Nina, Dec. 12, 1867; Charles, July 12, 1870; Eliza D., 
 March 18, 1872 ; and H. Ralph, April 28, 1876. Eli, 
 brother of Rees Palmer, was married Nov. 30, 1865, to 
 Marianna, daughter of R. Baker and Susan (Woodward) 
 Smedley. Their children have been Linda B., born Nov. 
 30, 1866 ; Alice S., May, 1870 ; Louis M., and Florence E. 
 
 R. and E. Palmer opened a large stove, tinware, and 
 furnishing store in 1857 on Church Street, and moved to 
 their present location on Market Street in 1861, where they 
 have been in active and successful business ever since. 
 
 PARISH, Dr. Charles W., son of Charles and Ann 
 Parish, was born in London, England, on Feb. 5, 1793. 
 He was educated at home. He had a capacity for the 
 rapid acquisition of knowledge, and mastered with great 
 facility every branch of study he undertook, and hence at an 
 early age his mind was well stored with useful information. 
 
 Aug. 12, 1815, he married Ann Aldred, daughter of 
 Richard Aldred, of London, and soon thereafter came to 
 Philadelphia, where he found himself surrounded by 
 strangers, and in possession of very limited means of sup- 
 port. He engaged in teaching, and also turned his atten- 
 tion to the study of medicine, for which he had always had 
 a strong partiality, and after attending three courses of 
 lectures at the University of Pennsylvania he commenced 
 practice in 1821, in connection with his medical preceptor. 
 Dr. Thomas Dunn. He soon concluded to change his field 
 of labor, and with that view visited West Chester, but 
 finding the field thefe occupied, he continued his journey 
 to Marshallton, where he located in 1822, and spent the 
 remainder of his life in the faithful and diligent pursuit of 
 his professional duties. For many years he was the prin- 
 cipal physician of the neighborhood in which he lived, and 
 he enjoyed in an eminent degree the confidence of the 
 people. On June 4, 1848, he met with an accident, by 
 the running away of his horse, which occasioned the loss 
 of a leg by amputation and the use of an artificial limb 
 thereafter, which greatly interfered with the proper per- 
 formance of his professional duties. He died Deo. 17, 
 1856, from an attack of pneumonia. 
 
 Dr. Parish was endowed by nature with more than ordk 
 nary intellect. He possessed a discerning and comprehensive 
 mind, capable of penetrating the mysteries of science, as 
 well as enjoying the beauties of poetry and pleasures of 
 literature, all of which received a portion of his attention. 
 He had a retentive memory, and was possessed of consid- 
 erable conversational powers, which made him an agreeable 
 companion. 
 
JOSEPH PYLB. 
 
 Robert Pyle came from Ene- 
 land and settled in Chester County. 
 Joseph the son of Robert, had a 
 son of the same name who settled 
 in iMarlborongh, between London- 
 grove meeting-house and the State 
 road. His son James married 
 Mary, daughter of Robert Bunnell 
 and to them were born the follow- 
 ing children: Joseph; James B. 
 married to Susan, daughter of Levi 
 Hayes, near Unionville: Alioe 
 married to Isaiah Faddis; Mary 
 married to James Burdsal: Eliza- 
 beth, married first to a Mr. Mc- 
 Laughlin, and second to Aaron 
 Pierce; Sarah, married to Chris- 
 topher H. Webb; Ann; and Phi- 
 lena, married to Eli Button. 
 Joseph, the subject of. this sketch, 
 was born in 1794, in Marlborough 
 township, near Londongrove. He 
 was raised on the farm, and 
 educated in the early subscrip- 
 tion schools. He began farming 
 in the State of Delaware, wherl 
 for seventeen years he was thus 
 engaged on rented land, in which 
 time he saved some fourteen thou- 
 sand dollars. In 1840 he removed 
 to Laurel, purchasing the " Laurel 
 Iron-Works" and farm of three 
 hundred and sixty acres. The farm 
 he leased for three years. He 
 afterwards sold the works, with 
 one hundred acres, retaining the 
 remaining part of his purchase, 
 which, before his death, he had in- 
 creased to some five hundred 
 acres. 
 
 He was married April 15, 1824, 
 to Mary A., daughter of James 
 and Margery (Mason) Cloud, by 
 
 JOSEPH PYLE. 
 
 whom he had ten children, ol 
 whom the following eight are 
 living: Sarah, married to Daniel 
 Ramsey; Cloud; Mary, married 
 to Ebenezer Worth ; Elizabeth Ann, 
 married to Levis Passmore, and 
 afterwards to Charles H. Pennv- 
 paoker; Philena, married to Wil- 
 liam P. Phipps; Anna M., married 
 to J. Bernard Walton ; Joseph, mar- 
 ried first to Emma Harlan, and 
 subsequently to Maggie J. McFar- 
 Jand; and Emma L., married to 
 Jonathan K. Taylor. Joseph Pyle 
 died Nov 27, 1854, and his wife, 
 Mary A. (Cloud), Nov. 1, 1880. He 
 served m the school board, and 
 often m other township positions. 
 Was a member of the Society of 
 friends, and a Republican in poli- 
 ties, and always a zealous anti- 
 slavery man. He was a systematic 
 farmer, and universally esteemed 
 as an upright man in his dealings 
 nnd deportment. In 1844 he 
 built a stone residence on the 
 homestead farm now owned hv 
 his son. Cloud Pyle, while the lat- 
 ter erected the brick building (see 
 engraving) on the lower place in 
 I ShO, where he now resides. Cloud 
 
 ioo/'**®'' ^°'^' ^"^ ^'"'° Oct- 27* 
 1826, and was married June 1, 
 1856, to Mary L., daughter of 
 James and Hannah K. (Betts) Mo- 
 t adden, of Kennet township. They 
 have one living child, a son, Car- 
 leton J. 
 
 Mr. Pyle is an excellent farmer 
 largely engaged in dairying, and 
 has one of the best farms in the 
 township, on which are fine im- 
 provements. His residence is near 
 Laurel Station, and post-office at 
 Mortonville. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF CLOUD PYLE, EAST FALLOWPIELD 
 
ELiSHA C. PINKERTON. 
 
 Samuel Finkerton, son of an 
 Irish emigrant, was born in 1770, 
 in this county, and married Sarah 
 Chrisman, a descendant of Daniel 
 Chrisman, who came from Ger- 
 many in the ship "Alexander and 
 Ann," Sept. 5, 1730. To them 
 were born nine children, viz. : 
 Robert; ElishaG. ; David; John; 
 Thomas; Mary, married to Rob- 
 ert Harris ; Jane, to William 
 Baker; Agnes, to Isaac Bice; and 
 Elizabeth, to John Brown. Of 
 these, Elisha Chrisman Finkerton 
 was born Aug. 4, 1803, in East 
 Brandywine township. He early , 
 learned the trade of a weaver, and 
 carried on that business until 1853 
 in Upper Uwchlan township. In 
 1840 he purchased a farm, and from 
 that time united farming with 
 weaving. He was married Dec. 4, 
 1834, to Rebecca, iiiaughter of 
 Greorge and Anna (Ramstin) Stit- 
 eler, from which union were born 
 the following children : George 
 Stiteler Finkerton ; Elizabeth, mar- 
 ried to Edwin M. Fhilips, now 
 deceased; Morgan Hoffman Fink- 
 erton, deceased ; Anna Mary, mar- 
 ried to George L. Maris; and 
 Vernon Finkerton, deceased. Eli- 
 sha C. Finkerton died April 3, 1877, 
 and his widow resides with her son 
 George S. He served frequently 
 
 in his township as supervisor and 
 inspector, and was a liberal con- 
 tributor to the churches, especially 
 the Baptist and Methodist. Was 
 a Democrat in his polities, but 
 never sought office. After 1853 he 
 retired from weaving and attended 
 to his farm, which at his decease 
 consisted of one hundred and eleven 
 acres, now owned by his son George 
 S. His son Morgan H. was in the 
 nine months' Pennsylvania volun- 
 teers in the Rebellion, and died in 
 the service of the United States. 
 His son George S. was born Nov. 
 5, 1835, and attended the boarding- 
 school of Jesse E. Fhilips, in East 
 Nantmeal township. He married, 
 March 8, 1865, Elmina McCachran, 
 of Lancaster County, by whom he 
 had two children, Eudora and 
 Clara May. Feb. 26, 1877, his 
 wife died, and March 6, 1879, he 
 married Sally A. Dowlin, of East 
 Brandywine township, the fruits 
 of which union are one girl, Lizzie. 
 He is a farmer and grazier, a Demo- 
 crat in politics, and member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. He 
 belongs to Fatrons of Husbandry, 
 Grange Lodge, No. 58, and like 
 his father, Elisha C, is a man uni- 
 versally respected in the commu- 
 nity for his probity of character 
 and habits of industry. 
 
 S-''^'^^ ^ <yc^'^jt<^^'Z^ 
 
 RESIDENCE AND FARM OP GEORGE S. PINKERTON, UPPER UWCHLAN. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 673 
 
 PARKE, Thomas, born about 1660, married Rebecca 
 Hooper (?), who was born about 1672. They had the fol- 
 lowing children, all born in Ireland: Mary, b. Sept. 18, 
 1 693, m. Thomas Valentine ; Robert, b. March 23, 1694-5, 
 d. Feb. 9, 1736-7 ; Susanna, b. Dec. 22, 1696 ; Rebecca, 
 b. Jan. 22, 1698-9, m. Hugh Stalker; Rachel, b. Deo. 26, 
 1700, m. William Robinson ; Jean, b. April 6, 1703, d. 
 April 12, 1705 ; Thomas, b. March 13, 1704-5, d. Oct. 
 17, 1758; Abel, b. Feb. 22, 1706-7, d. July 21, 1757; 
 Jonathan, b. April 18, 1709, d. April 5, 1767 ; Elizabeth, 
 b. Oct. 5, 1711, d. April 16, 1746, m. John Jackson. 
 
 Thomas Parke appears to have been a farmer in Ireland, 
 and in the year 1720 owned some land in Ballileau, Ballagh- 
 more, and Coolisnactah. On May 21, 1724, with all of his 
 family except Mary and Susanna, he went on board, at Dub- 
 lin, the ship "Sizarghs," of Whitehaven, Jeremiah Cowman 
 commander, and on August 21st they arrived in Delaware 
 Bay. Thomas Parke leased a property from Mary Head, 
 near Chester, as a temporary home, but on December 2d pur- 
 chased 500 acres from Thomas Lindley in the Great Valley, 
 on the west side of what is now Downingtown. Of this 
 land he gave to his son Abel 100 acres, to Robert 124, on 
 which was a very large spring, and to Thomas, Jr., 276 
 acres, retaining a life-estate therein. He died 1, 31, 1738, 
 and his widow 6, 21, 1749. He was an elder of Cain 
 Meeting, and well esteemed by Friends. 
 
 Of his children, Robert followed conveyancing and clerk- 
 ing at Chester, and acted as recorder of deeds under Joseph 
 Parker for some years. He died unmarried. Thomas, Jr., 
 married Jane Edge, 2, 26, 1739, and became the owner of 
 all the original tract, including the " Ship" tavern, which 
 was first opened by his brother Abel. His children were 
 Robert, m. to Ann Edge ; Sarah, m. to Owen Biddle ; Re- 
 becca, m. to William Webb ; Hannah, m. to Benjamin 
 Poultney ; Thomas, m. to Rachel Pemberton ; Jane, and 
 Jacob. 
 
 Jane Parke continued to keep the Ship tavern after her 
 husband's death until her marriage, 8, 10, 1763, to James 
 Webb, of Lancaster County. 
 
 Jonathan Parke married, 2, 29, 1731, Deborah, daughter 
 of Abiah and Deborah Taylor, of East Bradford, and set- 
 tled on 200 acres of land which her father conveyed to 
 them. He also owned land in the southeast part of the 
 borough of Downingtown, and is said to have built a sub- 
 stantial stone house, now near the toll-gate. His son Abiah 
 lived on this last property, and may have built the house. 
 
 The children of Jonathan and Deborah were Joseph, 
 Deborah, m. to Samuel Cope ; Abiah, m. to Ruth Jones ; 
 Rebecca, m. to James Webb, Jr. ; Alice, m. to Col. John 
 Hannum ; Jonathan, m. to Jane Buchanan ; and Mary. 
 
 Joseph Parke remained at the homestead, and lived 
 almost a century. He was twice married, and by his first 
 wife had one son, Abiah, who took sides with the British 
 during the Revolutionary war, and for one of his exploits 
 piloted a party of the enemy by night to capture his uncle, 
 Col. Hannum, then keeping the " Centre House," in Mar- 
 shallton. The final turn of events making it unsafe for 
 him to remain in the neighborhood, he " left the parts" 
 and went to Canada, but was never heard of after alive. 
 Several years ago Edward Townsend, son of John Town- 
 85 
 
 send, of West Chester, being in the West, fell in company 
 with a half-breed Indian named Joseph Parke, as he was 
 descending the Missouri in a steamboat. From their mu- 
 tual inquiries, with subsequent developments, it appeared 
 that Abiah Parke had married a woman of the Shawnee 
 tribe of Indians, then near Maiden, in Canada, and had 
 left two sons, Joseph and William. The tribe had removed 
 to the waters of the Maumee, in Ohio, and from, thence to 
 Kansas. Joseph Parke, being a person of energy and 
 ability, became the chief of the tribe, but lived in a style 
 of civilization. In 1852 he visited Chester County and 
 made some effort to obtain a share of his grandfather's 
 estate, but did not succeed. His death occurred about 
 1857, and that of his brother William three years pre- 
 viously. 
 
 Thomas Parke, son of Tiiomas and Jane, was born in 
 the township of East Cain, Chester Co., Aug. 6, 1749. 
 Having a desire to engage in the study of medicine, he 
 went to Philadelphia at the age of sixteen years, to ac- 
 quire a preliminary education, and there became a pupil of 
 Robert Proud, the Quaker historian. In 1767 he began 
 his medical studies under Dr. Cadwalader Evans, of Phila- 
 delphia, and took the degree of Bachelor of Medicine at 
 the college and academy in the same city on June 5, 1770. 
 In the year 1771 he crossed the Atlantic to avail himself 
 of the advantages of medical instruction in Great Britain. 
 He first visited London, where he enjoyed the friendship 
 and kind offices of the justly distinguished Dr. John Foth- 
 ergill. He next proceeded to the school at Edinburgh, 
 then in the zenith of its strength, where he attended the 
 lectures of CuUen, Black, and Monro. 
 
 Returning to London, he attended the clinical practice 
 of Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, and finally set his foot 
 on his native shore in the year 1773. 
 
 In 1775 he was married to Rachel, eldest daughter of 
 James Pemberton, and immediately established himself in 
 the practice of physic at No. 20 South Fourth Street, 
 Philadelphia, where he remained upwards of forty years, 
 well known as a skillful, kind, and attentive physician. In 
 1816 he removed to Locust Street, where he resided during 
 the remainder of his life. 
 
 He lost his wife, to whom he was most affectionately de- 
 voted, in the year 1786, and never again married. He was 
 a member of the principal scientific, literary, and benevo- 
 lent institutions of the city. In 1774 he was chosen a 
 member of the American Philosophical Society. In 1776 
 he became a contributor to the Pennsylvania Hospital, and 
 in May, 1777, was unanimously appointed one of the phy- 
 sicians of that institution, — a station which he held unin- 
 terruptedly for more than forty-five years. In 1778 he 
 was elected a director of the Philadelphia Library Com- 
 pany, in which situation he was continued until his death, 
 — a period of nearly fifty-seven years. In 1787 the Col- 
 lege of Physicians was established, of which he was one, 
 and continued a member until his death. At the decease 
 of Dr. Adam Kuhn he succeeded that gentleman as presi- 
 dent of the college, in July, 1818. 
 
 Dr. Parke died on Jan. 9, 1835, in the eighty-sixth year 
 of his age, being at that time the oldest physician in Phila- 
 delphia. He was not only an excellent physician, but aUo 
 
674 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 a public-spirited citizen and an excellent man, — at all times 
 the intimate, the constant, and highly-valued friend of 
 Humphry Marshall. 
 
 AuTUUR Parke was a native of Ballylagby, in county 
 Donegal, Ireland. He, with his wife, Mary, and four 
 children, — Joseph, John, and Samuel Parke, and a daugh- 
 ter," the wife of William Noblett, — came to this coun- 
 try prior to 1724. He took up a large tract of land lying 
 along the Limestone road, in West Fallowfield township, 
 embracing what is now divided into seven farms. He died 
 in February, 1740, and his real estate came by devise to 
 his sons, Joseph and John. They divided it between them, 
 Joseph taking the southern and John the northern portion. 
 Joseph resided for some years on his tract, which included 
 the homestead, and then sold it and removed to Georgia. 
 John erected buildings on the part taken by him, where 
 the present Jolin A. Parke resides. He died July 28, 
 1787, at the age of eighty-one years. His wife, Elizabeth, 
 died May 21, 1794, at the age of eighty-two years. Their 
 children were Arthur, Joseph, John, William, Mary, Eliza- 
 beth, Jane, David, and Samuel. The entire Parke family 
 in the western part of the county, togetlier with many 
 families bearing other honored surnames, are their de- 
 scendants. 
 
 Arthur Parke (son of John) was born Sept. 12, 1736, 
 and died July 11, 1822. He left eight children, the de- 
 scendants of whom are numerous, among them Rev. John 
 L. Withrow, now pastor of the Park Congregational Church, 
 Boston, and Alfred P. Reid, Esq., now a member of the 
 bar of Chester County. 
 
 Joseph Parke (son of John) was born Deo. 21, 1737, 
 and died July 2, 1823. He was twice married. His 
 children by his first wife were John Gardner, Joseph, and 
 Keziah, and by his second wife, George W., James, Letitia, 
 David, Samuel, William, Agnes, and Harriet. John G. 
 Parke (born Nov. 21, 1761, died Oct. 25, 1837) was a 
 member of Assemby in 1818, and was the founder of 
 Parkesburg. His children were Joseph, Samuel, Robert, 
 John, Francis, and David. Of these, Samuel was a mem- 
 ber of the bar of Lancaster County, and Robert was a 
 member of Assembly in 1843-45, and for six years associ- 
 ate judge. Keziah Parke was the wife of Col. Joseph 
 McClellan, a noted patriot of the Revolution, a sketch of 
 whom is given in this volume ; George W. (born Oct. 18, 
 1780, died Feb. 25, 1860) was at one time register of wills ; 
 Letitia was the wife of the late Henry Fleming, of West 
 Chester ; and Samuel (born Nov. 25, 1788) graduated at 
 Dickinson College in 1809, studied divinity with Rev. Na- 
 than Grier, at Bandywine Manor, and was pastor of Pres- 
 byterian Churches in York County for forty-three years. 
 He died Dec. 20, 1869. His wife was a daughter of his 
 preceptor. Rev. Nathan Grier. His son. Rev. Nathan 
 Grier Parke, graduated at Jefferson College in 1840, and 
 at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1844, and is now 
 pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Pittston, Pa. 
 
 John Parke (son of John) was born in 1739, and died 
 Nov. 15, 1823. His children were Elizabeth, Mary, Ar- 
 thur, Jane, and John. Elizabeth married Thomas Mc- 
 Clellan ; Mary married Samuel Thompson, and was the 
 mother of the wif« of Hon. Walter H. Lowrie, late chief 
 
 justice of Pennsylvania, whose son. Rev. Samuel Thompson 
 Lowrie, was a professor in the Western Theological Semi- 
 nary, at Alleghany, and is now pastor of a church in New 
 Jersey ; Arthur was the father of Samuel R. Parke, now 
 president of the Parkesburg National Bank ; and John was 
 the father of John Andrew Parke, who now owns and re- 
 sides at the old homestead in Highland township. 
 
 PARKER, Abraham, of Ravenroyd, near Binglay, in 
 Yorkshire, was buried at Binglay March 5, 1670. Isahell 
 Parker was buried at Binglay July 20, 1667. Their chil- 
 dren were Sarah, b. May 29, 1656; Jonas, b. Sept. 9, 1660; 
 John, b. May 26, 1664. 
 
 It appears that John Parker came to Chester County 
 prior to 1688, and in 1695 returned to lilngland. In 1700 
 he had come back, but was now removed to Philadelphia, 
 to which place he received a certificate from Chester Monthly 
 Meeting, and in the same year married Mary Doe. Their 
 children were Jane, b. 1, 24, 1701-2, m. Samuel Gilpin in 
 1722 ; Abraham, b. 10, 9, 1705 ; John, b. 12, 28, 1709- 
 10, d. 6, 9, 1719. The father, who was styled a "skinner," 
 probably a leather-dresser, died 3, 7, 1717. He owned near 
 500 acres of land in East Cain township, which was sold 
 after his death. 
 
 Abraham Parker came to Chester County and married, 
 
 9, 19, 1735, Eleanor, daughter of Isaac and Catharine 
 Richardson, of Whiteland. He was a carpenter by trade, 
 but appears to have engaged in tavern-keeping. He was 
 at the " Anvil" tavern in 1750 and later, but is supposed 
 to have been in Wilmington for some years prior to that 
 time. He died about the close of 1752, and his widow 
 married, 10, 4, 1764, William Wickersham. She was born 
 
 10, 28, 1714, and was buried 12, 17, 1791. The children 
 of Abraham and Eleanor Parker were Mary, b. 9, 23, 1736, 
 m. David Reynolds in 1756 ; Elizabeth, b. 4, 13, 1738, m. 
 William Reynolds in 1761 ; Lydia, b. 1, 22, 1740; Han- 
 nah, b. 8, 7, 1742; Ruth, b. 11, 19, 1744; Sarah, b. 9, 
 4, 1746; John, b. 8, 22, 1748; Kezia, b. 8, 5, 1750, m. 
 Peter Wickersham, 5, 19, 1773. 
 
 John Parker, son of Abraham, was a noted minister of 
 the Society of Friends. He settled at Parkerville, which 
 was so named in honor of the family. He was married, 
 6, 2, 1774, at Kennet Meeting, to Hannah, daughter of 
 Thomas and Elizabeth Milhous, by whom he had the fol- 
 lowing children: Abraham, Isaac, Elizabeth (married to 
 Jacob Baily), Thomas, Joseph, Benjamin, Richardson, 
 John, Hannah, Susanna, Wistar, Caleb, and Mary. The 
 father died 7, 12, 1829. 
 
 John Parker, Jr., married Rebecca, daughter of William 
 and J^ne Webb, and left one son, William W. Parker, who' 
 resides at Parkerville. 
 
 Wistar Parker married Abigail N., daughter of John 
 and Mary (Speakman) Jackson, born 9, 13, 1801, died 3, 
 3, 1874. Thpy resided at Parkerville, where Wistar died 
 6, 18, 1847, leaving children,— John J., for several years 
 a coal merchant, and now in the brick-making business af 
 West Chester; Samuel J., a dry-goods merchant at the same 
 place ; Mary S., wife of S. Townseud Brown, dentist, re- 
 siding in Germany ; Henry, deceased ; Dilwyn, ex-recorder 
 of deeds for this county ; and Ellen B., wife of DaUas 
 Reeve, of Churchtown, Md. 
 
BENJAMOT PEIZEE. 
 
 and foar da„ghters,-'„f wlom ?he 
 third son and fourth child was 
 Benjamm, born in Skippaol^ to^„ 
 hjp Montgomery Co? Nov 14 
 1806 H>s brother Henry, the 
 
 Zfji '•■« '■""'"y. estaWished 
 the first boarding-sohool in Mont 
 gomery County, and in his yo„nt 
 
 B„? 'wL ®''""'' ""d Joseph 
 Eoyer both noted pedagogues in 
 the r day. His father, John, was 
 ^. ='»-;''-'??«■'•'. and was born and 
 shin M ^f""" P'-o^idence town 
 ship, Montgomery Co. Benjamin 
 was raised on a farm, but ear v 
 829" h^ '5« ""'ing bu'siness. I^ 
 1829 he started in East Coventry 
 in a grist- and saw-mill, where he 
 continued six years. He then 
 came to Kimberton. in East Pike- 
 
 ^and, and began milling in an old 
 mill which he bought and re- 
 
 mr ^h^T •■« '"'""•"■ed until 
 i»b7, when he erected his nresBnt 
 
 substantial mill, now in sucS° 
 
 tJI 'nl "^'^'"'ne. daughter of 
 Jacob Chance, of Lawrenceville. 
 Jhey have had five children, of 
 7kT ^''•'w'V^-' Catharine, Em- 
 ehne, and Elizabeth are deceased. 
 John IS the only one living. The 
 latter operates the mill, and, with 
 
 h.8 family, resides with his pa 
 
 Mr. Prizer began life with a 
 
 bined capital of good char 
 
 energy, and industry, and 
 
 acquired a competence of 
 
 world sgoods and a respected r 
 
 PhV^"'.f, "■' " '''""tor in 
 
 nnrt ^^^",1'° ^^"O"''" Bank 
 
 and a half years, being elect. 
 
 ts first board, and is now a dir 
 
 in the Spring City National B 
 
 having been elected at its firs 
 
 ganization. Originally a TV 
 
 then a Republican, he is now I 
 actively identified with the T 
 perance Prohibition party 
 't''«'^^"""=™°C''urch%u 
 Ll'"\"»f'"> denomination 
 has by his example and influe 
 
 :::s?%'r^''^' '•''^ '-p"" 
 
 HnJ t-^"' "'"«'y acres 
 
 l.ind, on which, in 1878, his n 
 dence one of the finest in 
 township, was erected. He 
 h,'^n/''^''"^S another snbstanl 
 building of stone adjoining i 
 
 He has been repeatedly call 
 upon to view and layout roads, 
 sess lands, and often appointed 
 an administrator, committee on i 
 sane, and guardian of children. H 
 
 P«^\f^ ',!' " P"' "f the origin 
 Peon purchase, and is most plea 
 antly ooated. Mr. Prizer design. 
 i?inPTJ".*'''^"<'«onof h 
 mi 1 and handsome residence, th 
 latter one of the best laid o« 
 dwellings in this part of th 
 county. ^ '° 
 
 RES1DE1.CE AND MILLS OP BmJAMIN PR^^aST PiS™ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 675 
 
 PARRY, James, of Tredyffrin, in his will, dated Deo. 
 28, 1725, proven Oct. 1, 1726, directed the payment of 
 one pound " unto y" Trustees of the Buildings of y' Pres- 
 beterian meeting house in Treduffrin aforesaid, within six 
 months after my decease, towards paying the Charges & 
 Debts of the s* Buildings." To his son David he gave 
 £25, " as also one year's diet if he continues Teaching 
 school in the place where now he is in this Township of 
 TryduflFcrin." To eldest son, John, all the real estate. His 
 wife's name was Ann, and his other children were Lettice 
 (wife of Lewis William), Elizabeth (wife of James Davies), 
 Margaret, Mary, and Hester Parry. 
 
 John Parry died without issue in 1747, and devised his 
 land, purchased by his father in 1713, to his brother David ; 
 also mentions his cousin, Rowland Parry, of Haverford. 
 He was a justice of the peace at the time of his death. 
 Among the marriages recorded by the First Presbyterian 
 Church, Philadelphia, are those of David Parry and Eliza- 
 beth Jones, March 6, 1727 ; John Parry and Martha Jones, 
 Jan. 5, 1729 ; and Mary Parry and Malachi Jones, Jan. 
 27, 1729, — perhaps two brothers and a sister. 
 
 David Parry was married by Rev. Jedediah Andrews, 
 and his wife was probably daughter of Rev. Malachi Jones, 
 of Abington, who died prior to May 22, 1729, being the 
 first minister at the Abington Church. The children of 
 David Parry were baptized at that church by Rev. Michael 
 Treat, as follows : Ann, Dec. 4, 1728 ; James, Nov. 4, 
 1731; James (2), July 8, 1733; Caleb, Feb. 9, 1734-5; 
 Tabitha, March 3, 1736-7 ; Joshua, Jan. 28, 1738-9. 
 
 David Parry, of the Great Valley, died in February or 
 March, 1747-8, leaving widow, Elizabeth, and children, 
 Caleb, Tabitha, and Joshua, from which it appears the 
 others died young. Caleb inherited the land, one-half 
 when of age, and the rest at death of his mother. He, 
 with his mother, conveyed to Joshua, who was a black- 
 smith, 5 acres 25 perches of the land, Feb. 9, 1761, and 
 Joshua, with his wife, Ann, sold the same Aug. 21, 1762, 
 to David Jones, of Tredyffrin. April 3, 1762, Caleb Parry 
 purchased from James Martin and wife one-half of mills 
 and two tracts in East Whiteland (now of Norris Hib- 
 berd), and afterwards became owner of the other half. 
 March 27, 1769, he sold the same to Michael Wayne, 
 Thomas Hall, and George Hoopes. In 1768 and 1769 he 
 was keeping tavern at the " Admiral Warren," and at the 
 breaking out of the war is said to have been at the "Leop" 
 ard," in Easttown. His father had been an " Associator" 
 in his day, and the son, inheriting the military spirit, was 
 one of the first to take up arms. In March, 1776, he was 
 commissioned lieutenant-colonel of Col. Samuel J. Atlee's 
 regiment, and soon after marched with his command to the 
 defense of New York. April 26, 1776, an order was drawn 
 in his favor for £250 for the use of the Musket Battalion 
 in the service. He was killed in the battle of Long Island, 
 Aug, 27, 1776, and tradition says that his hat, through 
 which the fatal ball had passed into his forehead, was 
 brought home and kept for a considerable time. He mar- 
 ried, Deo. 15, 1761, Elizabeth Jacobs, daughter of John 
 and Mary (Hayes) Jacobs, by whom he had five children, 
 .!— Rowland, m to Esther Carter, d. 1796 ; John JacobSj 
 m..July 28, 1804, to Margaret Palmer, and d. April 29, 
 
 1835, in Philadelphia; Esther, m. July 17, 1790, to Gwil- 
 liaem Aertsen, of Charleston, S. C, d. April 9, 1815, aged 
 fifty years; Hannah, m. June 17, 1794, to Thomas Mc- 
 Ewen ; Mary, m. Aug. 16, 1795, to James Musgrave. 
 
 Col. Parry's widow and children received patents for 
 nearly 2000 acres of land in Westmoreland Co., Pa., in 
 consideration of his services in the Revolution. 
 . Rowland Parry, of Haverford, tanner, " having a res- 
 olution to go to sea, and thence to the Island of Barba- 
 does,'' made his will Feb. 10, 1713-4 (proved Nov. 22, 
 1737), in which he mentions his daughter Anne, wife of 
 Hugh Pugh, sons David and John, and daughter Emma 
 Parry. 
 
 John Parry, of Haverford (son of Rowland), in addition 
 to his homestead of 380 acres, purchased from William 
 Allen, Esq., the manor of Bilton, containing near 3000 
 acres, now the southeastern part of the township of Charles- 
 town. He was probably the sheriff of that name who " ex- 
 ecuted that office with great Integrity and a becoming Res- 
 olution in difficult times" (Col. Rec, iv. 309); was also 
 for several years a member of Assembly and one of the jus- 
 tices of the Common Pleas. In his will, dated July 14 
 (proved Oct. 2), 1740, he mentions his wife Hannah, 
 daughters Mary, wife of Jacob Hall, Susanna, Margaret, 
 Hannah, Sarah, and Martha Parry. To his son Rowland he 
 devised the homestead ; also mentions his brother, David 
 Parry, and his two children, sister Ann Lewis' children, 
 and sister Emma's children, appoints his kinsman, John 
 Parry, one of his executors, and gives him his watch. 
 
 Lewellyn Parry was an early settler in Whiteland, 
 near the line of Cain township. His wife was a daughter 
 of Richard ap Thomas, of Whitford Garden, in Flintshire, 
 Wales, by whom he had several children. (See Thomas.) 
 John Parry married, 11,4, 1775, Hannah Dilworth, 
 daughter of James and Lydia, of Birmingham. A son 
 married Eleanor Gibbons, daughter of James, and was the 
 father of Gibbons Parry, now or late of Florida, Ohio. This 
 John may have been the son of John Parry, who married, 
 9, 16, 1737, Margaret Pusey, both of Marlborough. 
 
 PASSMORE, John, from the parish of Husk, in Berk- 
 shire, England, with his wife, Mary, daughter of Humphrey 
 Buxcey, settled in Kennet, now Pennsbury, as early as 
 1714 afterwards removing to West Marlborough, where he 
 died about 1746. His brother, William Passmore, was a 
 resident in Philadelphia, and appears to have been in good 
 circumstances. The children of John, so far as known, 
 were William, b. 11, 16, 1703, m. Mary Heald ; John, m. 
 3, 18, 1727, to Elizabeth Harris; Eleanor, m. 4, 16, 1736, 
 to George Kerson, or Carson; Augustine, b. 7, 27, 1714, 
 tn. Judith Farlow and Hannah Howard; George, b. 2, 
 23 1719; Mary, m. William Pusey; Samuel, m. Susan 
 Butcher. 
 
 George Passmore married, 9, 10, 1742, Margaret, daugh- 
 ter of John and Magdalen Strode, of West Marlborough, 
 and had children,— John, George, Margaret, Mary, Thomas, 
 Elizabeth, Margery, and Ann. John, born 7, 2, 1743, mar- 
 ried, 4, 24, 1765, Phebe, daughter of Joshua and Mary 
 Pusey, of Londongrove, and had children,— Mary, Marga- 
 ret, Susanna, Ellis, Margery, Hannah, Mary, Lydia, Phebe, 
 Sarah, George, and Elizabeth. 
 
676 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTr, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Ellis Passmore, born 3, 1, 1771, son of John and Phebe, 
 married Ruth Moore, and was the father of Phebe, Ruth, 
 Ellis P., Andrew M., John W. (father of Col. J. A. M. 
 Passmore, of Pottsville), George B., Benjamin J. (late asso- 
 ciate judge), and William Passmore. 
 
 George Passmore, born 7, 28, 1748, died 1, 17, 1834, 
 son of George and Margaret, married, 4, 24, 1776, Mary 
 Pennock, daughter of Levis and Ruth, of West Marl- 
 borough, and settled in Londongrove. Their children 
 were Levis, Margaret, Abiah, John, William Pennock, 
 Rachel, George Strode, Pennock, Joseph, Mary, Thomas, 
 and Imlah, all now deceased. 
 
 PEARCE, Col. Cromwell. — His ancestors for several 
 generations resided in the town of Enniskillen, county Fer- 
 managh, Ireland, a place celebrated for the martial spirit of 
 its inhabitants. Col. Cromwell Pearcc's great-grandfather 
 (whose name is not preserved) was a member of the Church 
 of England, a zealous supporter of the rights of man, and, 
 with four of his sturdy brothers, served in the Enniskillen 
 corps at the famous battle of the Boyne, July 1, 1 690. His 
 son Edward was born in Enniskillen, Aug. 6, 1701, and 
 had several brothers, three of whom were named Cromwell, 
 William, and Peter. Edward married Frances Brassing- 
 ton, of Dublin, of whose family it is only known that she 
 had several brothers and sisters ; that three of the brothers 
 were named Richard, John, and Marmaduke, the latter an 
 eminent physician in Dublin, and that one of the sisters 
 married a gentleman named Dillon. This side of the fam- 
 ily was also connected with the Established Church. Ed- 
 ward and Frances (Brassington) Pearce had three children 
 born in Ireland, with which little family they sailed for 
 America in May, 1737. Two of the children died of 
 smallpox on the passage. They arrived in Philadelphia in 
 August, having been thirteen weeks in crossing the ocean. 
 Cromwell, the surviving child, was born in December, 1732, 
 and was nearly five years old on his arrival in Pennsylvania. 
 The family remained in Philadelphia until the spring of 
 1738, when they removed to the neighborhood of St. 
 David's church, in Radnor township, Chester Co., where 
 they continued to reside for some time and buried two chil- 
 dren. Edward Pearce was by trade both mason and car- 
 penter. In 1744 he built St. Peter's church, in the Great 
 Valley ; also, in subsequent years, its gallery, stables, and 
 the churchyard inclosure, and on April 15, 1745, he was 
 chosen its first senior warden. Edward's brother Peter 
 died in 1775, leaving several children, the only surviving 
 one of whom, Margaret, married Alexander Trimble, and 
 with her husband came to this country in 1783. In 1750, 
 Edward Pearce purchased from George Aston the farm in 
 Willistown where, twenty-seven years afterwards, the mem- 
 orable " Paoli massacre" occurred, and on which the monu- 
 ment now stands. Upon this farm he spent the remainder 
 of his days, and died March 6, 1777, in the seventy-sixth 
 year of his age. He and his wife (who died March 26, 1783) 
 were interred at St. David's church, Radnor, in one grave. 
 Edward Pearce was a man of a stout, robust frame, six feet in 
 height, of industrious and sober habits, and left to his de- 
 scendants an unblemished reputation. Three children sur- 
 vived these worthy parents, viz. : Cromwell, before mentioned, 
 and born in Ireland ; the other two in this country, viz.. 
 
 George, who migrated with the early settlers to Kentucky 
 and left a large family of children, and Rachel, who mar- 
 ried Richard Robinson, of Whiteland. 
 
 Cromwell Pearce, son of Edward, seems to have in- 
 herited something of the martial spirit for which the Kn- 
 niskilliners have been so long celebrated, and to have 
 transmitted the same to his son and namesake. It will be 
 noticed also that this family have perseveringly manifested 
 their estimate of royalty and political proclivities by keep- 
 ing up the baptismal name of Cromwell. In the twenty- 
 sixth year of his age Cromwell received a military com- 
 mission, dated May 8, 1758, appointing him lieutenant in 
 the battalion of Pennsylvania regiment of foot. Lieut. 
 Pearce served under Gen. Forbes, the successor of Gen. 
 Braddock. Among other services in the French and Indian 
 war, the company to which he belonged built a fort at 
 Shamokin, Pa. He married Margaret, daughter of John 
 and Margaret Boggs, who owned a large tract of land in 
 Willistown adjoining the Wayne estate. Her parents 
 were members of the Presbyterian Church, and several of 
 their sons served as soldiers in the war of the Revolution, 
 in which also Cromwell Pearce was appointed (May 6, 
 1777) major, and May 20, 1779, colonel of the 5th Bat- 
 talion of Chester County militia. The extent of his ser- 
 vices is not known, beyond the fact that he went on a 
 tour of duty to Amboy, N. J. May 1, 1781, he was 
 commissioned major of the 2d Battalion of Chester County 
 militia. After his father's death he became the owner of 
 the farm in Willistown, whereon he passed the remainder 
 of his days, and died Aug. 4, 1794, aged sixty-two years. 
 He had nine sons — Richard, Edward, John, George, Crom- 
 well, Marmaduke, and Joseph, and two whose names are 
 not known — and one daughter, Frances, who was married to 
 Isaac Weaver, of West Chester. His wife, Margaret 
 (Boggs), died Dec. 28, 1818, aged seventy-eight years. 
 
 CoL. Cromwell Pearce, grandson of Edward, and 
 fifth son of Cromwell Pearce, was born in Willistown, Aug. 
 13, 1772, on the farm where, about five years afterwards, 
 occurred the " Paoli massacre." He was brought up on 
 the farm, and received no other education than the imper- 
 fect and defective kind generally afibrded to the youth of 
 agricultural districts at that period, when the energies and 
 means of the people were actively employed in the contest 
 for independence, or left paralyzed and exhausted by the 
 tventful struggle. In the twenty-first year of his age (July 
 6, 1793) he was commissioned by Governor Mifflin cap- 
 tain of the third company of 1st Regiment of Chester 
 County Brigade State militia. April 17, 1799, he was 
 commissioned by President Adams first lieutenant in the 
 10th Regiment United States Light Infantry. In this 
 service he continued until the regiment was disbanded, near 
 the close of the year 1800. April 23, 1801, he married 
 Isabella, daughter of Thomas and Sarah (Gronow) Bull, of 
 Tredyff'rin, and resided for about a year in Philadelphia, 
 where his son and only child, Lewis Gronow Pearce, was 
 born. In the spring of 1802 he removed to West Chester, 
 and became the popular landlord of the " Washington Ho- 
 tel." Soon after this he was commissioned by Governor 
 McKean lieutenant of a light infantry company called the 
 West Chester Volunteers. Sept. 25, 1802, he was ap- 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 677 
 
 pointed postmaster of the borough of West Chester, which 
 Vfas the date of the first mail establishmcDt at the county- 
 seat. On Aug. 18, 1806, he was commissioned lieutenant- 
 colonel of the 85th Regioient State militia. 
 
 His wife died March 30, 1807, in her thirty-first year. 
 He remained at the hotel for some time after her death, 
 and Aug. 3, 1807, was elected brigadier-general of 1st 
 Brigade, 3d Division of the militia. He soon after removed 
 to the Great Valley, where he engaged in mercantile pur- 
 suits. Aug. 3, 1811, he was commissioned major-general 
 of the 3d Division of militia by Governor Snyder. 
 
 July 23, 1812, President Madison appointed him colonel 
 of the 16th Regiment U. S. Infantry, and in the middle 
 of September following he marched with his command from 
 his encampment on the banks of the Schuylkill, near Gray's 
 Ferry, for the Canada frontier. 
 
 Having passed the winter in that inclement region, an 
 expedition was projected in the spring against the town of 
 York, U. C. (now Toronto), led by the gallant Gen. Pike, 
 with Col. Pearee second in command. During the attack, 
 April 27th, Gen. Pike was mortally wounded. The com- 
 mand immediately devolved on Col. Pearee, who presently 
 advanced with the troops and took possession of the place.* 
 The enemy, losing all hope of a successful defense, set fire 
 to their naval store-house, also to a ship on the stocks, and 
 then made a final retreat. 
 
 It is not deemed necessary here to trace the career of 
 Col. Pearce's regiment in all its movements, but it is due 
 to the memory of that ofiBcer to note his bearing in the 
 battle of Chrystler's Field, near Williamsburg, Nov. 11, 
 1813. During the engagement the brave Gen. Covington 
 was mortally wounded, when the command devolved on the 
 colonel of the 16th Regiment. Twice in his first campaign 
 Col. Pearee became an acting brigadier on the field of 
 battle. Gen. Boyd thus speaks in his ofiicial report of the 
 action, " After the fall of Gen. Covington, Col. Pearee, on 
 whom the command of the 3d Brigade devolved, conducted 
 with his characteristic coolness and valor." 
 
 At the close of the war, when his regiment was dis- 
 banded, Col. Pearee retired to private life in his native 
 county of Chester. 
 
 In 1816 he was elected sheriff, which oflSce he filled with 
 complete satisfaction to the public. At the dedication of 
 the first Paoli monument, Sept. 20, 1817, he commanded 
 the volunteers who paraded on that occasion. This was 
 his last appearance in a military character, though he re- 
 ceived the complimentary appointment of aide to Governor 
 Findlay, with the rank of lieutenant- colonel, Oct. 22, 1818. 
 At the expiration of his term as sheriff he removed to the 
 Great Valley and engaged in farming. 
 
 April 13, 1821, he married his second wife, Mary, daugh- 
 ter of John Bartholomew, a descendant of one of the early 
 settlers in the Great Valley. In 1824 he was chosen a 
 Presidential elector of Pennsylvania, and was deputed to 
 carry the vote of the State to Washington. Sept. 5, 1825, 
 he was appointed by Governor Shulze an associate judge of 
 the County Court, which position he held until 1839, when 
 an impaired sense of hearing induced him to resign. Nov. 
 
 ^ Col. Penrce was here wouoded in the shoulder. 
 
 1, 1842, Col. Pearee was deprived by death of his second 
 wife, and on April 2, 1852, in his eightieth year, he died 
 suddenly, with the enviable reputation of a good citizen, a 
 brave soldier, and an honest. Christian man. His remains 
 were interred in the churchyard of St. Peter's, — the same 
 church which was built by his grandfather upwards of a 
 century before, — and a monument, appropriately inscribed, 
 erected to his memory. 
 
 Col. Pearee was an uncommonly stout man, six feet two 
 inches in height, erect and well proportioned. He was en- 
 dowed with great natural sagacity, and a sound and dis- 
 criminating judgment. With remarkably unpretending 
 manners, he was a close observer of men and things, and 
 possessed, withal, a shrewd perception of real character. 
 His only son and child, 
 
 Lewis Gronow Pearce, was admitted to the Chester 
 County bar May 2, 1825, and died Nov. 14, 1855, leaving 
 two children, Walter Sloan Pearce and Lewis Anna Pearce, 
 the latter of whom is now deceased. 
 
 George W. Pearce, a son of Joseph Pearce, and a 
 nephew of Col. Cromwell Pearce, was born in West White- 
 land township, Jan. 15, 1814. In January, 1824, his 
 father was appointed register of wills of Chester County by 
 Governor Shulze, and removed with his family to West 
 Chester, where the subject of this sketch ever after re- 
 sided during his life. In 1840 he entered the office of 
 John Hickman, Esq., as a student at law, and in 1842^ 
 after the usual course of study, was admitted to the bar. 
 In 1849 he was elected county treasurer on the Democratic 
 ticket, a high compliment, for the opposite party — the 
 Whig — usually gave her candidates several hundred ma- 
 jority. This office he held for two years. 
 
 In 1853 he became editor and proprietor of the Ameri- 
 can Republican. He was a thoroughly educated man, of 
 scholarly tastes, and a writer of much more than ordinary 
 ability, and the position of editor was one for which, by 
 reason of his talents and acquirements, he was peculiarly 
 The paper was Democratic, and his political 
 
 editorial labors were so earnestly and intelligently directed 
 that the sturdy blows he gave were severely felt by the op- 
 posite party. He was a tower of strength in his advocacy 
 of the election of James Buchanan to the Presidency in 
 1856. In the troubles in the party which arose during the 
 administration of Mr. Buchanan, he opposed the President 
 and affiliated with what was known as the Douglas wing, 
 and subsequently cast in his fortunes with the rising party, 
 at first called the National Union and subsequently the 
 Republican party. 
 
 His literary ability enabled him to give to his paper an ele- 
 vated tone, and the high character of his mind was appar- 
 ent in all his editorials and selected matter. The most 
 commonplace subject became in his hands invested with a 
 romantic interest. He was also a poet of no mean preten- 
 sions, and wrote many poems and hymns well worthy of 
 preservation, which are to be found scattered through mag- 
 azines and newspapers. On one occasion he read a poem, 
 written by him, before the Chester County Cabinet of Nat- 
 ural Science, of which Dr. William Darlington, the well- 
 known botanist, was the president. Its closing lines, ad- 
 dressed to Dr. Darlington, are here given : 
 
618 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 '■ On him who wisely governs this prond hall 
 The voice of praise most worthily may fall ; 
 We hail the auspicious moment, passing now. 
 To bind the laurel on his honored brow ; 
 Flora's gay daughters all their oflf'rings bring, 
 And weave a garland for their worthy king." 
 
 Mr. Pearce was one of three gentlemen — John Hickman 
 and Washington Townsend being the others — to whom 
 Bayard Taylor read his poem " Ximena," in manuscript, 
 with the view of ascertaining their opinion of its merits. 
 They complimented him on the production and advised its 
 publication, and thus encouraged the young poet to culti- 
 vate the muse. 
 
 Mr. Pearce was one of the founders of the Episcopal 
 Church in West Chester, and by his sound judgment and 
 constant care he greatly assisted in building it up and sus- 
 taining it. He was a Christian in the truest sense of the 
 term, and his life gave ceaseless evidence of his faith and 
 purity. He was a rare combination of intelligence, truth- 
 fulness, integrity, and devotion to just principles. 
 
 He died April 13, 1864, before the close of the war of 
 the Rebellion, and while its results were uncertain, and 
 among his last words, uttered with energy, were, " I love 
 my country, and God grant her triumph in this great trial." 
 
 PEART, Bryan, whitesmith, from Haurskip, in York- 
 shire, England, died in 1706 at Duck Creek, Del, leaving 
 widow, Jane, and several children. Their son Bdnjamin 
 married Rachel, daughter of Richard and Elizabeth (Rush) 
 CoUett, and among other children had a son, Bryan, married 
 in Gloria Dei church, Nov. 30, 1752, to Elizabeth Walton, 
 of Byberry, by whom there were Benjamin, b. 2, 1, 1753; 
 Rebecca, b. 12, 28, 17-54; and Thomas, b. 9, 28, 1756. 
 After the death of Bryan Peart, in 1757, his widow, mar- 
 ried (license Aug. 18, 1760) Benjamin Gilbert, the Indian 
 captive, and in 1775 removed with him to the Mahoning 
 Valley, Northampton Co. On April 25, 1780, Benjamin 
 Gilbert and family, including his wife's sons, Benjamin and 
 Thomas Peart, were taken by the Indians, their dwellings 
 burned, and they forced by weary marches to accompany 
 their captors to the northwest part of Now York. Benjamin 
 Peart was then married to Elizabeth Jones, and their child, 
 Elizabeth, aged nine months, was one of the captives. A 
 narrative of their captivity has been published. Benjamin 
 Peart, after their return in 1782, resided several years at 
 Byberry, but about 1814 removed with his family to Salem, 
 Ohio. Thomas Peart was adopted in an Indian family on 
 the Genesee River, in place of a deceased member, but at 
 length obtained his release through the interference of Col. 
 Johnson, a British oflBcer at Niagara. After his return he 
 married Mary Roberts, daughter of Lewis Roberts, of 
 Abington, and about 1790 removed to a farm in Fallow- 
 field, Chester Co. Subsequently he took a mill on Doe 
 Run and made money; but going thence to William 
 Daniel's mill at Lampeter he was unfortunate, and had to 
 sell his farm in Fallowfield to pay his debts. Farming 
 next for Daniel Gibbons,-he succeeded better, and in 1816 
 removed to a large farm near Columbia, where his hospi- 
 tality was marked, and his house a common stopping place 
 for persons from Chester County going thither to buy 
 kmber. After this he bought a good farm at Lampeter, 
 where he ended his days. His first wife died near Colum- 
 
 bia, 7, 23, 1823, and he married, 4, 12, 1827, Sarah 
 (Paxson) Cooper, widow of Calvin Cooper. He died 3, 
 19, 1831, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. 
 
 The children of Thomas and Mary Peart were Re-' 
 becca, b. 3, 19, 1789, m. Israel Cooper, of Columbia; 
 John, b. 10, 31, 1791 ; Benjamin, b. 4,11, 1796; Abner, 
 b. 7, 25, 1798; Daniel, b. 4, 10, 1801 ; Mary Ann, b, 
 12, 12, 1803, m. John Cooper, of Columbia; Thomas, b. 
 2, 22, 1806; Lewis, b. 9, 26, 1809, m. Abana Gilbert. 
 
 Lewis Peart resides in Schuylkill townsl\ip, and is a 
 farmer. He was one of the active agents of the Under-- 
 ground Railroad. 
 
 Mary Peart, daughter of Thomas Peart, Jr., married 
 John S. Peart, from England. She is an artist of high- 
 reputation, and as the illustrator of the splendid work on 
 butterflies by W. H. Edwards, she stands at the head of 
 her profession. Her residence is now in Philadelphia. 
 
 PEIRCE, George (or Pearce, as the name appears to 
 have been written by him), of the parLsh of Winscom, 
 in the county of Somerset (England), and Ann Gainer, of 
 Thornbury, in the county of Gloucester, were married the 
 1st day of 12th month, commonly called February, 1679. 
 George, with his wife and three young children, emigrated 
 from Bristol, the seaport nearest his residence, in 1684, and 
 the same year had a tract of 490 acres of land surveyed to 
 him in what is now Thornbury township. Thornbury being 
 the name of a district of country from which he obtained 
 his wife, and a desire on his part to keep up the old asso- 
 ciations most dear to him, probably suggested the name of 
 the township. He arrived at Philadelphia prior to 9th 
 month 4, 1684, upon which day he presented two certifi- 
 cates to a meeting of Friends held " att the Governor's 
 house." One of these certificates was from 1' the Monthly 
 Meeting at fi'renshay, in the County of Gloucester." The 
 other was from " Thornbury Meeting." He may have set- 
 tled on his new purchase in 1685, but his name first appears 
 as an active member of Chichester Friends' Meeting in 
 1686; shortly after which meetings were sometimes held 
 at his house. Besides being strict in his attention to his 
 religious duties, he gave a share of his time to civil afi°airs, 
 and of his means to the improvement of the country. H© 
 represented Chester County in the Provincial Assembly in 
 1706, and was one of a company who erected " the Concord- 
 mill, " the first mill erected in his neighborhood. He died 
 in East Marlborough about 1734, having removed to that 
 township two years before. 
 
 The children of George and Ann Pearce were Betty^ 
 b. 9, 18, 1680, m. Vincent Caldwell ; George, b. 2, 23, 
 1682; Joshua, b. 1, 5, 1684, d. 9, 15, 1752, Ann, b. 3, 
 8, 1786, m. James Gibbons and William Pim ; Margarety 
 b. 4, 11, 1689 ;-Mary, b. 10, 25, 1690, m. Joseph Brin- 
 ton ; Caleb, b. 12, 21, 1692, d. 1, 22, 1679, m. Mary 
 Walter; Gainer, b. 2, 1,1695, m. Sarah Walter; Hannah, 
 b. 2, 21, 1696, m. Edward Brinton ; John, b. 2, 15, 1704, 
 d. before 1720. 
 
 Joshua Peirce married first, 8, 28, 1713, Ann Mercer, 
 daughter of Thomas and Mary, of Westtown ; second mar- 
 riage, 9, 15, 1722, to Rachel, daughter of Joseplj and 
 Hannah Gilpin, of Birmingham. He settled in the eastera 
 part of East Marlborough. .The children by the first wife 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 679 
 
 were George, b. 5, 5, 1714, d. 10, 2, 1775, m. Lydia 
 Roberts ; Mary, b. 3, 3, 1717, m. William Cloud ; Ann, b. 
 10, 2(1, 1718, m. Caleb Mendenhall and Adam Eedd ; by 
 second wife, Joshua, b. 1, 22, 1724, m. Ann Baily; 
 Joseph, b. 10, 16, 1725, d. 3, 9, 1811, a physician ; Caleb, 
 b. 12, 2, 1727, d. 10, 12, 1815; Isaac, m. to Hannah 
 Sellers. From these have descended hundreds, if not 
 thousands, of our citizens. In some branches the name is 
 written Pierce, and by others Peirce, which is thought to 
 be the orthography of the early generations succeeding the 
 immigrant. 
 
 Moses Pierce, son of Caleb and Hannah Pierce, was 
 born in Chester County, June 18, 1782. His mother was 
 a sister of Dr. Moses Marshall, and a niece of Humphry 
 Marshall, the botanist. He studied medicine with his 
 brother-in-law, Dr. James Gibbons, of West Chester, at- 
 tended a course of lectures in the University of Penn- 
 sylvania, and without graduating commenced the practice 
 of physic in West Chester as the successor of Dr. Gibbons, 
 whose residence he purchased in March, 1805. 
 
 Dr. Pierce was soon disabled from practice by pulmonary 
 consumption. He died June 18, 1808. He was never 
 married. He was a man of great energy of character and 
 the most stoical fortitude. He contemplated his approach- 
 ing dissolution with singular calmness, and in the spring 
 of 1808 calculated the number of weeks which he thouo-ht 
 
 o 
 
 he could live with surprising accuracy. 
 
 PENNELL, Robert, with Hannah, his wife, from Bal- 
 derton, in Nottinghamshire, settled in Middletown as early 
 as 1686, and the next year he was appointed constable for 
 that township. They were both active members of the 
 meeting. Hannah died 12, 4, 1711, aged seventy-one 
 years, and Robert about the year 1728. Their children 
 were Ann, m. 2, 17, 1689, Benjamin Mendenhall ; Eliza- 
 beth, m. in 1690, Josiah Taylor; Hannah, b. 7, 23, 1673, 
 m. 9, 23, 1692, John Sharpies; Joseph, b. 10, 12, 
 1674; James, b. 9, 11, 1676; Jane, b. 5, 13, 1678, m. 
 Samuel Garrett; William, b. 8, 11, 1681, m. 8, 26, 1710, 
 Mary Mercer, daughter of Thomas and Mary. 
 
 Joseph Pennell married, in 1701, Alice, daughter of 
 William Garrett, of Darby, and settled in Edgraont. His 
 children were Hannah, b. 11,4, 1702, m. Joseph Jackson ; 
 Robert, b. 6, 20, 1704 ; Joseph, b. 6. 3, 1706 ; Alice, b. 
 8, 2, 1709; Ann, b. 8, 2, 1711, m. Cadwalader Evans. 
 
 The children of William and Mary Pennell, of Middle- 
 town, were Thomas, b. 9, 3, 1712, d. 2, 14, 1745; Han- 
 nah, b. 7, 9, 1714, m. Thomas Holcomb ; James, b. 6, 21, 
 1717, m. Jemima Matlack ; Phebe, b.. 6, 7, 1719 ; Ann, b. 
 11, 26, 1721; Robert, b. 9, 16, 1723; William, b. 11, 
 27, 1725-6, d. 9, 5, 1783. 
 
 John Pennell was in the country as-early as 1689; 
 was probably then quite a young man, and resided in the 
 neighborhood of Darby. In 1703 he married Mary Mor- 
 gan, of Dublin Monthly Meeting, and settled in Aston 
 township. But little is known of John, but Mary became 
 eminent as a minister among Friends. She was born in 
 Radnorshire, Wales, and was educated in the Church of 
 England, but at the early age of thirteen years was con- 
 vinced of the truth of the doctrines of Quakerism. When 
 sixteen she. emigrated to Pennsylvania, and united herself 
 
 with Friends, and in 1722 became a minister, and subse- 
 quently traveled much in the exercise of her calling. She 
 visited the New England colonies, and on one occasioii 
 Great Britain and Ireland. 
 
 John's mother, Mary Pennell, a widow, was married, in 
 1690, to Edward Walter, and again, in 1699, to Robert 
 Fletcher. Isabell Pennell, who married, 2, 28, 1709, James 
 King, of Concord, was probably a daughter. She and her 
 husband removed to West Nottingham, and afterwards to 
 Little Britain, Lancaster Co. Of the children of John 
 and Mary Pennell, Caleb married, 8, 26, 1727, Sarah 
 Whitaker, and removed to the Susquehanna, near the 
 Maryland line ; Joshua removed to Newtown, and married 
 Hannah Lewis, 2, 20, 1726; Mary married, 11, 9, 1727, 
 Daniel Pyle, and 7, 29, 1743, to Samuel Jackson ; Han- 
 nah married Phinehas Lewis, 8, 22, 1730 ; John married, 
 4, 12, 1740, Martha Martin. 
 
 In 1759, John Pennell and wife, Mary, removed to East 
 Cain with their granddaughter, Mary Jackson. Mary 
 Pennell died 5, 10, 1764, and her husband not long before. 
 
 PENNINGTON, M.D., Isaac, was born in September, 
 1789, in Londongrove township, Chester Co., Pa." At the 
 age of twelve years he was placed at school in Philadel- 
 phia, where he remained five years, at the end of which 
 time he commenced the study of medicine under the in- 
 struction of Dr. Roberts, of Londongrove, with whom he 
 remained one year. He then entered the University of 
 Pennsylvania, in which he attended two courses of lectures, 
 including the clinics at the Pennsylvania Hospital. His 
 anxiety to enter upon the active duties of life induced him 
 to leave the university at the termination .of his second 
 course and commence the practice of his profession, intend- 
 ing at some future day to return and obtain his degree. 
 He located at Jersey Shore, Lycoming Co., and soon be- 
 came engaged in professional duties. 
 
 In 1812 he was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Judge 
 Allen, of Monmouth Co., N. J. In 1814 he received the 
 appointment of assistant surgeon's mate in the army, and 
 immediately afterwards he was ordered to join the army on 
 our northern frontier, then under the command of Gen. 
 Brown. At the battles of Bridgewater and Fort Erie he 
 was upon active duty. Soon after the battle of Bridge - 
 water his life was saved by Gen. Scott in a manner which 
 reflects great honor on that veteran for the cool courage 
 which so much distinguished him. The doctor was walk- 
 ing with a friend, and, being in close conversation, had gone 
 some distance beyond the American lines. A party of 
 British sharpshooters perceiving the advantage, had gained 
 a favorable point unseen, and with rifles leveled were on 
 the point of " picking off'" the two young officers. At 
 this moment Gen. Scott, whose habit it was often to ride 
 out alone for the purpose of reconnoitring, rode up, and 
 said, in a calm and unconcerned manner, " Gentlemen, jump 
 down that bank or you will be shot." They instantly 
 obeyed, the volley of balls whistled over their heads, and 
 the general rode slowly away, though many a messenger of 
 death was aimed at his tall and commanding figure. 
 
 The army was doubtless the school in which Dr. Pen- 
 nington laid the foundation for that surgical knowledge 
 which in after-life constituted -one of -the leading features 
 
680 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 of his profession. He remained in the army until the 
 close of the war. Sept, 30, 1816, he resigned his commis- 
 sion and resumed the practice of his profession at Jersey 
 Shore. 
 
 Soon after he returned to Chester Co., Pa., locating in 
 Sadsbury township, where he remained about two years, 
 removing to Honeybrook, where he resided until 1832. 
 During this time he devoted himself with great fidelity to 
 the duties of his profession, and enjoyed an extensive prac- 
 tice. Several capital operations were performed by him in 
 that neighborhood. In the year 1832 he was induced 
 to relinquish his profession and remove to Hampshire Co., 
 Va., where he engaged in the iron business. This proved 
 to be an unfortunate move, and at the end of three years 
 he was obliged to give up the business and resume his pro- 
 fession. With this view he removed to Moorefield, Hardy 
 Co., Va., where he continued until 1843. During his so- 
 journ in this place the Washington College of Baltimore 
 conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Medicine. 
 Under the arduous duties that rested upon him in this lo- 
 cality his health began to give way, and a constitution 
 heretofore capable of great endurance became so enfeebled 
 as to compel him to seek another residence. In February, 
 1843, he removed to St. Clairsville, Belmont Co , Ohio, where 
 he had many relatives. He remained there but a short 
 time. In November of the same year, through a pressing 
 invitation from his brother-in-law, Dr. Allen, of Oakland 
 Co., Mich., he was induced to remove to that place. In 
 January, 1844, while visiting a patient, he experienced 
 another threatening of apoplexy, the first occurring at the 
 age of sixteen. After this attack his health remained fee- 
 ble, and in April he returned to Honeybrook, Chester Co., 
 with the hope that the air of his native county, together 
 with the scenes and associations of his youth, would restore 
 him, or postpone the fatal issue of his disease. He pur- 
 chased a small property at Compassville, where he resided 
 until his death. His change of residence was not accom- 
 panied with any permanent improvement in his heahh. In 
 the fall of 1848 he had a severe attack of pneumonia, 
 which left him still more feeble ; and during the winter 
 following unmistakable symptoms of organic disease of the 
 heart presented themselves. 
 
 On Tuesday, May 1, 1849, whilst on his way to West 
 Chester to attend the annual meeting of the Chester County 
 Medical Society, he was attacked with apoplexy. He re- 
 ceived prompt medical attendance, but the best efforts were 
 unavailing. He died on the Sunday morning following. 
 
 Dr. Pennington was one of the earliest members of the 
 Chester County Medical Society, having participated in its 
 formation in 1828. He was fond of his profession, and 
 took much interest in its advancement ; was gifted with a 
 strong and comprehensive intellect, and few men possessed 
 a greater degree of firmness of purpose and boldness of 
 hand to execute the trying duties of his calling. In the 
 performance of his social and domestic duties he was ardent 
 and unwearied. He was, indeed, a fond husband and affec- 
 tionate father, a kind neighbor, a skillful physician, and a 
 worthy citizen.* 
 
 * Medical Reporter^ vol. iii. p. ! 
 
 PENNOCK, Christopher, the ancestor of the Pennock 
 family, married, prior to 1675, Mary, the daughter of George 
 Collett, of Clonmell, county of Tipperary, Ireland. After 
 residing there and in Cornwall, England, for some time, he 
 emigrated to Pennsylvania about 1685. He was an officer 
 in the service of King William of Orange, and was at the 
 battle of Boyne, 1690. He died in Philadelphia in 1701. 
 He left three children, two of whom died without issue. 
 His son, Joseph Pennock, was born 1677, in or near Clon- 
 mell, Ireland. In one of his passages to this country in a 
 letter-of-marque he was captured by a French ship-of-war 
 and confined in France as a prisoner upwards of a year, 
 where he endured much hardship. In 1702 he settled in 
 Philadelphia, where he engaged in the mercantile business. 
 About 1714 he removed to West Marlborough township, of 
 this county, and settled on a large tract of land, of which 
 he became proprietor by virtue of a grant from William 
 Penn to George Collett, his grandfather. He there, in 
 1738, erected a large mansion, " Primitive Hall," in which 
 he died, 3, 27, 1771. He married Mary Levis, and had 
 the following twelve children : Elizabeth, Samuel, William, 
 Mary, Joseph, Nathaniel, Joseph, Ann, Sarah, Hannah, 
 Levis, and Susanna. William married Alice Mendenhall, 
 7, 26, 1739, and had the following nine children : Moses, 
 Joseph, Hannah, Phebe, William, Caleb, Samuel, Joshua, 
 and Alice. Samuel, born 11, 23, 1754, married Mary Had- 
 ley, and had the following nine children : Margaret, Simon, 
 Phebe, Moses, Elizabeth, John, Amy, Hannah, and Mary. 
 Moses, born 10, 14, 1786, married Mary Jones Lamborn, 
 daughter of Robert Lamborn and Martha Townsend, and 
 had the following nine children : Thomazine, Jesse, Samuel, 
 Hannah, Barclay, Morton, Edith, Joanna, and Sarah. 
 
 Samuel Pennock was born Oct. 8, 1816, married in 
 September, 1853, Deborah Ann S , daughter of John 
 Yerkes and Catharine Dull, of New Garden, by whom he 
 has three children, — Frederick M., Charles J., and Theo- 
 dore, — who with their father compose the firm of S. Pen- 
 nock & Sons, of Kennet Square, manufacturers of Pen- 
 nock's Patent Road-Machine. Mr. Pennock was raised on 
 the farm, and at eighteen learned the carriage-making busi- 
 ness. During the last year of his apprenticeship his father 
 invented a grain-drill, and he joined his father in perfect> 
 ing and patenting this the first successful one used in 
 America. From this time until the Rebellion he and his 
 brother Morton were engaged in the manufacture of these 
 drills, with other agricultural implements. About 1861 
 they began to build cars, in connection with other ma- 
 chinery, but in 1867, on the death of his brother, he dis- 
 continued the making of cars. In 1870 the Pennock 
 Manufacturing Company was organized, of which he has 
 been president to this time. Mr. Pennock is a Republican in 
 politics, and was one of the first in the county associated with 
 the Abolitionists in the agitation of the question of slavery. 
 Was born and raised in the Society of Friends, and about 
 1852-53 was interested in the organization of the Progres- 
 sive Friends at Longwood. His father, Moses, filed thelfirst 
 disclaimer in the U. S. Patent Office in 1822, it being a dis- 
 claimer on a certain part of a horse-rake. Samuel patented 
 the road machine which he and his sons now manufacture. 
 From 1875 to 1879 he resided with his family at Ithaca, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 681 
 
 ^A^-iSfi^ 
 
 
 N. Y., -where his sons were in attendance at Cornell Uni- 
 versity. He is a charter member of Kennet Lodge, No. 
 475, F. and A. M., and for ten years has belonged to the 
 Masonic order. Kennet Square, when he removed to it, 
 had only thirty-six houses, but is now a thriving borough. 
 
 Barclay Pennock, born in East Marlborough, Ches- 
 ter Co., Jan. 26, 1821, died March 9, 1858, at the place 
 of his birth, was the son of Moses and Mary J. Pennock. 
 He early manifested an ardent desire for knowledge, and 
 the early defects of his education were supplied by the 
 exertions of a life devoted to study. Beginning at the 
 school in the neighborhood, established by, and then under 
 care of, the Kennet Monthly Meeting of Friends, of which 
 society his parents were members, with Samuel Martin as 
 his first teacher, he thence passed to the academy in Ken- 
 net Square, where, under Joseph B. Phillips, he studied 
 the higher mathematics and began Latin and French. 
 Afterwards, in company with his friends, Joseph B. and 
 John B. Phillips, he sought instruction in Greek and Latin 
 and in general literature at Kinderhook, N. Y. He spent 
 two years in Europe, studying the language and literature 
 of Germany, Italy, and France and visiting places of his- 
 toric interest, as one of the traveling-party led by Bayard 
 Taylor, the story of which tour is so familiar to the reader 
 of " Views Afoot." 
 
 In October, 1851, he again went to Europe, and after a 
 short visit to Germany spent the winter in Copenhagen, 
 studying the language of Northern Europe, — Danish, 
 Swedish, Norwegian, and Icelandic. Here he enjoyed the 
 personal acquaintance and friendship of Hans Christian 
 Andersen and Mr. Goldsmith, another literary celebrity of 
 Denmark. 
 
 For two months in the following spring he was in the 
 86 
 
 family of Count Frys, a Danish nobleman, on his landed 
 estate, " Frysenborg," on the peninsula of Jutland, where 
 he had been kindly introduced by Mr. Goldsmith. The 
 count and countess had studied English, and were intelli- 
 gent and sociable, and much facilitated Mr. Pennock's 
 acquaintance with the domestic and social life of the better 
 classes of the people. 
 
 Mr. Pennock then journeyed through the interiors of 
 Sweden and Norway, chiefly on foot, and going as far north 
 as Drontheim, where the nights in summer are only a pro- 
 longed twilight. In this tour through the country among 
 the peasantry, Mr. Pennock formed a high opinion of the 
 brotherly kindness, manliness, and thrift of the people 
 whom he met and observed at their every-day occupations 
 and in their humble homes. At Stockholm he met some 
 interesting personages, and among them Frederika Bremer, 
 who had then recently returned from her American tour. 
 
 From Stockholm Mr. Pennock carried an introduction 
 from the United States Minister there, Mr. Schroeder, to 
 Mr. Willard Fisk, an American student at the University 
 of Upsala, afterwards a professor at Cornell University, at 
 Ithaca, N. Y. After visiting the porphyry quarries and 
 copper-mines of Elfdal, he crossed the Dovrefield Moun- 
 tains on foot. From Drontheim, going southward, " by 
 fiord and by fell," he halted at Bergen, Christiania, and 
 other prominent points, reaching Upsala again in the fol- 
 lowing autumn. 
 
 After five years' study and observation he returned 
 home, where he engaged in literary pursuits. He trans- 
 lated " The Religion of the Northmen," a work written by 
 Professor Keyser, of Christiania, Norway, which he pub- 
 lished, with an elaborate " Introduction" by himself. This 
 work met the approval and welcome of scholarly men. 
 
682 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Mr. Pennock left ready for the press two other translations, 
 one a romance of Iceland about the time of the introduction 
 of Christianity there, which contains a description of the 
 struggles attendant on the change from an old faith to a new 
 one, together with descriptions of scenery, pictures of do- 
 mestic life among the Icelanders, etc. ; the other work is a 
 volume of fireside legends, or " folklore," of ancient Scan- 
 dinavia. 
 
 Barclay Pennock was married, Feb. 8, 1857, to Miss 
 Lydia A. Caldwell, of Cayuga Co., N. Y., a lady of re- 
 fiuement, literary acquirements, and intellectual force, who 
 had published some poems of great merit, which lady died 
 April 13, 1857. This was a terrible blow to Mr. Pennock, 
 whose own health was impaired. In his well-kept diary, 
 in the space allotted to that day, without a word, he drew 
 with his well-skilled hand a mound with a cross at the 
 head. He survived his wife less than one year. 
 
 Mr. Pennock had an active brain, a correct eye, and a 
 deft hand ; was fond of the principles of mechanism, and 
 possessed of such skill in drawing as to have at one time 
 considered whether to make it and engraving the profession 
 and business of his life ; but the bent of his mind was 
 towards the scientific knowledge of mental phenomena. 
 He was ambitious of a learned and noble manhood, but 
 not of fame, — not for the vain glory of " a great name 
 rattling behind him," — but held for his motto : 
 
 " Do what all men, if they knew it. 
 Could not choose but praise ; 
 Then, should no one know you do it, 
 Better price it pays." 
 
 PENNYPACKER.— This family, which the Hon. Isaac 
 Anderson, in his sketch of Charlestown township, written 
 more than fifty years ago, said was " rich, respectable, and 
 numerous," had its origin in North Brabant, in Holland, 
 and members of it still exist at Waalwyk, near Hertogen- 
 bosch. About the year 1650 some of them went up the 
 Rhine to Flomborn, a village near Worms, and became 
 Germanized, changing their Dutch name Pannebakker 
 (tile-maker) to Pfannebecker. The Weissthum, a manu- 
 script record of this village from 1542 to 1656, signed by 
 Johannes Pfannebecker, one of the town oflScers, is now in 
 the possession of Samuel W. Pennypacker, Esq., of Phila- 
 delphia. About 1699, Heinrich Pannebecker, born in 
 1674, came to Germantown, and from there moved to Skip- 
 pack, where he died in 1754. He was the first German 
 surveyor in Pennsylvania, and a large land-owner. Several 
 of his grandsons crossed the Schuylkill into Chester County, 
 — Jacob to Perkiomen Junction in 1772 ; Matthias to the 
 Pickering, in 1774 ; Harman, John, and Benjamin to the 
 Chester Springs in 1792, 1794, and 1796 ; and Henry to 
 Vincent in 1794. 
 
 Nathan, son of Jacob, born March 2, 1771, died July 
 9, 1833, was a farmer, living on the Schuylkill, and an 
 active Federalist and Anti-Mason. He was nominated for 
 the Assembly in 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, and 1830, and 
 in the years 1812, 1814, and 1830 was elected ; but whether 
 successful or defeated he always led his party ticket. In 
 1814 he was one of the conference committee to select a 
 member of Congress, and in 1832 was on the Anti-Jackson 
 electoral ticket. 
 
 Matthias, born Oct. 14, 1742, died Feb. 13, 1808, was 
 a wealthy farmer and miller, and a bishop in the Mennonite 
 Church. He was the first preacher in the old church at 
 Phoenixville, and used the German, English, and Dutch 
 languages. While the army was at Valley Forge a num- 
 ber of oflScers were quartered at his house, and in 1777 
 the British committed a great deal of destruction at his 
 mill. In 1784 he was appointed by the Assembly one of 
 the commissioners to provide for the navigation of the river 
 Schuylkill, and in 1793, when Philadelphia was ravaged 
 by the yellow fever, he sent $240 for the relief of the poor 
 in that city. 
 
 Several of his descendants have been people of note in 
 Chester County. Elijah F., born Nov. 20, 1804, was 
 elected to the Assembly in 1831, 1832, 1834, and 1835. 
 During a part of this time he was chairman of the com- 
 mittee on banks, and he was instrumental in having the 
 Bank of the United States, after its charter had been with- 
 drawn by the general government, incorporated by the 
 State. During the session of 1832-33 he presented the 
 bill for the incorporation of the Philadelphia and Reading 
 Railroad, and he was chairman of the committee having 
 the matter in charge until it became a law. He was asso- 
 ciated with Thaddeus Stevens in the organization of the 
 public school system. He was elected secretary of the 
 board of canal commissioners in 1836 and 1837, and a 
 member of the board, with Stevens, in 1838. A sketch of 
 his life as an early Abolitionist, and in connection with the 
 Underground Railway, may be found in Still's " History of 
 the Underground Railway." He was president of the Anti- 
 Slavery Society of Chester County, and of the State society. 
 He was the candidate of the Temperance party for State 
 treasurer in 1875, and for many years president of the 
 school board of Schuylkill township, and president of the 
 Mutual Insurance Company of Chester County. 
 
 Uriah V. Pennypacker, son of Joseph and Elizabeth 
 Pennypacker, was born in Schuylkill township, Oct. 6, 
 1809. He inherited a great love of humor and a taste 
 for discussion and investigation. At an early age he be- 
 came a member of a debating society that met at the Union 
 school-house, in Charlestown township, and there displayed 
 so much ability that his father induced him to commence 
 the study of the law with his uncle, Matthias Pennypacker, 
 at West Chester. Meantime he had been a pupil at Jona- 
 than Gause's school, and had written many articles for the 
 newspapers of the day. He was admitted to the bar, and 
 at once became noted for his diligent study of the law and 
 his close attention to his profession. In a few years he was 
 admitted to the Supreme Court, where for many years 
 thereafter he achieved some of his greatest triumphs. Of 
 marked personal appearance (being six feet seven inches in 
 height), and gifted with a fund of anecdote and illustration 
 he attained success as a political speaker, and was an active 
 Whig as long as that party existed. He was one of the 
 founders of the First Baptist Church of West Chester, and 
 an incorporator of the Central Union Association, and its 
 treasurer for twenty years, and was burgess of West 
 Chester in 1845 and 1848. In 1855 his health declined 
 and he was compelled to relinquish active work, and on the 
 16th day of August, 1867, he died from a stroke of apo- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 683 
 
 plexy, and is buried in the Oaklands Cemetery. In all the 
 relations of life he was faithful, honest, and true, and had 
 the confidence and respect of the profession and people. 
 He left four children, among them 
 
 Charles H., born April 16, 1845, a prominent lawyer, 
 amateur scientist, and active politician, has been concerned 
 in many important cases in Chester County, notably the 
 Udderzook murder trial and the cases originating in the 
 Pickering Valley accident in 1877. 
 
 The events in the life of Galusha, born June 1, 1842, 
 colonel of the 16th U. S. Infantry, and brevet major-general 
 U.S.A., the hero of Fort Fisher, and the youngest general 
 officer during the Rebellion, have been detailed elsewhere 
 in this volume, and may be found in all the histories of the 
 war. His rapid elevation, due solely to gallantry and intel- 
 ligence, from the rank of a private to that of a full briga- 
 dier at the age of twenty-two ; his seven wounds in eight 
 months, and his five promotions within a year ; his gallant 
 and hopeless charge at Green Plains, and his leadership, 
 flag in hand, over the traverse at Fisher into the very face 
 of Death, whom all thought he had met, signalize what 
 in some respects was the most remarkable career of that 
 great struggle. 
 
 Matthias, born Aug. 15, 1786, died April 4, 1852, a 
 farmer and miller on the Pickering, was elected to the As- 
 sembly in 1826 and 1827. In 1837 he was a member of 
 the Constitutional Convention. In 1831 he was chairman 
 of the organization of the leading men of Chester County 
 which made the first move towards the construction of the 
 Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, and he was one of the 
 corporators of that road. 
 
 Dr. Isaac A. Pennypacker was born in Schuylkill town- 
 ship on July 9, 1812. His father was Matthias Penny- 
 packer, and his mother Sarah Anderson, a daughter of 
 Isaac Anderson. He read medicine with his maternal 
 uncle. Dr. Isaac Anderson, and Prof. William E. Horner, 
 aud graduated in the Medical Department of the University 
 of Pennsylvania, March 26, 1835. He established himself 
 in the practice of his profession in Phoenixville in 1836, 
 and continued in the performance of its active duties until 
 1854, when he became Professor of the Practice of Medi- 
 cine in the Philadelphia College of Medicine. 
 
 During his residence in Phoenixville he was active in 
 plans for the improvement and incorporation of the town, 
 of which he was burgess in 1849, 1851, and 1853, and 
 for the dissemination of knowledge among its inhabitants. 
 A portion of his leisure time was spent in giving lectures 
 upon various literary and scientific subjects, and in gather- 
 ing material for a history of Schuylkill township and Phoe- 
 nixville. 
 
 In his professorship he displayed all the energy, manliness, 
 integrity, and sagacity, as well as professional competency, 
 which a laborious life of country practice had matured. 
 As a teacher of medicine he was clear, thorough, and prac- 
 tical, combining a due valuation of works of authority with 
 ample exemplifications from his own experience. As a pro- 
 fessor, as a man and a friend, he was beloved by his pupils, 
 perhaps as much as any who ever occupied a similar sta- 
 tion. He was endowed by nature with a noble and gener- 
 ous heart, mild and afiable in his manners, aficctionate and 
 
 kind in his deportment, with a mind well stored with prac- 
 tical knowledge always at command. 
 
 On May 9, 1839, he married Anna Maria Whitaker, 
 eldest daughter of Joseph Whitaker, Esq., then a resident 
 of Phcenixville. 
 
 Dr. Pennypacker died Feb. 13, 1856, and was interred 
 in the Mennonist society's burying-ground in Phoenixville. 
 
 Dr. Matthias J., of Schuylkill, born Sept. 10, 1819, was 
 elected to the Assembly in 1855. 
 
 Dr. Nathan A., of Schuylkill township, born Oct. 20, 
 1835, was captain of Co. K, 4th Penn. Reserves, during 
 the Rebellion. In 1865, 1866, and 1867 he was elected to 
 the Assembly. He was one of the commissioners to erect 
 the State Hospital for the Insane at Norristown in 1877, 
 and is a lieutenant-colonel on the staff of Governor Hoyt. 
 For several years he has been president of the school board 
 of Schuylkill township. 
 
 Samuel W., lawyer in Philadelphia, was born at Phoenix- 
 ville, April 9, 1 843. He is a Bachelor of Laws of the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania, and in 1867 was elected president 
 of the Law Academy of Philadelphia. For several years 
 he has been one of the editors and proprietors of the Weeldy 
 Notes of Cases, the leading law journal of Pennsylvania, 
 and he is one of the compilers of a digest of the " English 
 Common Law Reports," which was commenced by Chief 
 Justice Sharswood. He has also given considerable atten- 
 tion to local historical investigation. In 1872 he published 
 the " Annals of Phcenixville," and in 1880 a paper on the 
 " Settlement of Germantown." He was one of the Congress 
 of Authors, who, on invitation, wrote sketches, which were 
 deposited in Independence Hall July 2, 1876. Some of 
 his articles have been cited with approval by scholars in 
 England, Germany, and Holland. 
 
 Isaac R., born in Phoenixville, Dec. 11, 1852, and one 
 of the editors of the Morning News, of Wilmington, Del., 
 has written some local poetry, which attracted the attention 
 of Longfellow, Whittier, and Whitman. Two of his poems, 
 " By the Perkiomen" and " The Old Church at the Trappe," 
 may be found in Longfellow's " Poems of Places." 
 
 Want of space prevents us from giving more than a 
 meagre sketch of this family, which has a history outside 
 of Chester County. Its members held, Oct. 4, 1877, a 
 reunion at Pennypacker's Mills, the site of Washington's 
 camp, from which he marched to Germantown. The pro- 
 ceedings were printed. 
 
 PHILIPS.— Joseph Philips was born in Wales in 1716. 
 His wife, Mary, was born in 1710. In 1755 he came to 
 this country with his wife, Mary, and three children, — 
 David, John, and Josiah. A fourth, Joseph, was born 
 after their arrival. The first place of settlement was near 
 the present West Chester, but subsequently he purchased 
 the farm now of Frederick Bingaman, in Uwchlan, on 
 which he built a two-story log house. He was a weaver 
 by occupation, and carried on the business in the unpreten- 
 tious ways of those times. As the family grew up the 
 business increased, until there were three shops, with three 
 looms in each shop. Joseph Philips wore the small-clothes 
 of the olden time, buckskin breeches with buckles. His 
 native language was Welsh, which was spoken by all the 
 family. He was of medium height, portly in appearance. 
 
t 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 8 family lived with the simplicity which then prevailed, 
 ag wooden trenchers at table. At first they attended 
 
 Great Valley Baptist Church, thirteen miles distant, 
 , in 1771 a new church — the Vincent — was constituted 
 irer to their homes, of which they became members at 
 organization. Joseph Philips died May 18, 1792, and 
 wife, Mary, died Dec. 26, 1792. In the Revolution the 
 lily were patriots. David, the oldest son, was a captain ; 
 bn was taken captive in the Jerseys, and held in confine- 
 nt in the prison-ship at New York, and Josiah was a 
 itenant. 
 
 David and Joseph (2) emigrated to the western part of 
 nnsylvania, and settled south of Pittsburgh. David be- 
 ne a Baptist clergyman, and was pa'stor of Peter's Creek 
 lurch forty years. He died March 5, 1829, at the age 
 eighty-seven years. He had thirteen children, and his 
 scendants are scattered over Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, 
 nnessee, and westward to the Pacific. Joseph Philips 
 id Sept. 3, 1832, at the age of seventy-eight. He had 
 e children. He was for many years a justice of the 
 ace. 
 
 John Philips settled on the old Lancaster road, near 
 )wningtown. He had seven children, — three sons and 
 ir daughters. Some of his descendants were constituent 
 smbers of the Glen Run Baptist Church, near Penning- 
 aville, now Atglen, and many of them now reside in At- 
 3n and its vicinity. Some of the principal branches of 
 is family are Pettit, Miller, Young, Chalfant, Osborn, 
 d Chamberlain. John Philips died May 22, 1790, at the 
 e of forty-five. 
 
 Josiah Philips settled on the old homestead in Uwchlan. 
 e had nine children, — five sons and four daughters. He 
 IS a man of deep piety and fidelity to conviction. He 
 3d March 1, 1817, at the age of sixty-six. Among his 
 scendants are the surnames of Philips, Brenholtz, Jones, 
 ivern, Dowling, Guest, Griffith, Bingaman, Rapp, Miller, 
 •ame, Lungren, Perkins, Smith, Tustin, Fussell, Trickett, 
 ennithorne. Miles, Stiteler, Heffelfinger, Davis, Kiter, 
 iches, Still, and Brinton. 
 
 The descendants of Joseph and Mary Philips are so 
 imerous that it is impossible to give any detailed account 
 them. It is estimated that they now number over seven- 
 sn hundred. 
 
 One characteristic of the family is its longevity, another 
 that of a strong religious element. There are at present 
 it less than fifteen ministers in the connection. Another 
 iture is its strong intellectual vigor. From 1797 to the 
 esent it has been a race of teachers. It has furnished 
 liege professors, principals of academies and seminaries, 
 d teachers of all grades. At the present time G. Morris 
 lilips is a professor in the university at Lewisburg. In 
 litical life its members have been justices of the peace, 
 iJges, and legislators, and have filled various other posi- 
 )ns. In their religious convictions they are almost en- 
 ely of the Baptist faith and polity. 
 PHILLIPS, De. John Barnard, son of Mahlon and 
 nah (Barnard) Phillips, was born in Kennet in 1821, 
 d died in 1877. He settled at St. Paul, Minn., where 
 
 was a practicing physician, and held various positions of 
 nor and trust, — acted as assistant Secretary of State, com- 
 
 missioner of statistics, and member of the State board of 
 examining pension surgeons. 
 
 In 1851 he entered the University of Pennsylvania, and 
 graduated in 1855 ; in the mean time he had spent two 
 years in study at Heidelberg, Paris, and Vienna. In pass- 
 ing through Basle (Switzerland) in 1854 he was arrested 
 and incarcerated on suspicion of being the Italian patriot 
 Mazzini, who was at that time an object of vigorous search 
 on account of a recent uprising at Milan. For this indig- 
 nity the United States Government interfered, and he was 
 reclaimed and compensated. 
 
 Dr. Phillips possessed qualities of a high order. He 
 was an eager student of literature, science, and art. He 
 was fond of music and poetry, and excelled in both. He 
 translated German poetry, and, preparatory to publishing a 
 volume of lyrics, visited New England authors and pub- 
 lishers in 1876, and was cordially received by Longfellow, 
 Holmes, Whittier, and others. 
 
 He died suddenly at St. Paul in his fifty-sixth year. 
 The deceased was a great-grandson of Richard Barnard 
 the third. 
 
 Joseph Barnard Phillips, a brother of the former, 
 was born in Kennet in 1819, and died at his residence, 
 Traer, Tama Co., Iowa, in 1877. He was a profound 
 mathematician. He ranked high as a scholar, though his 
 modest and unassuming manners revealed to comparatively 
 few the great extent of his research or the sufficiency of his 
 scholarship. The greater part of his life was employed in 
 teaching, chiefly in Pennsylvania. He was at one time 
 principal of Pottsville Seminary. 
 
 Joseph T. Phillips. — William Penn, by deed of April 
 12, 1682, conveyed a thousand acres of land to Hum- 
 phrey Killingbeck, who, Sept. 11, 1700, sold the same to 
 Thomas Wickersham, to hold in trust for his children. 
 Oct. 24, 1720, he conveyed of it one hundred acres to John 
 Wickersham, from whom by. descent it passed to his son 
 John. He conveyed the same to George Passmore, who 
 conveyed it to his son, George, Jr., who, on 7th mo. 28, 
 1787, sold fifty-three acres (lacking one perch) to Joshua 
 Pusey, including the mill. Joshua conveyed the same to 
 William Pusey, 9th mo. 28, 1801, who willed it to his son 
 Jonathan, from whom by descent it passed to his daughter, 
 Mary E. Pusey, intermarried with Joseph T. Phillips. The 
 original grist-mill was erected about 1750, and the present 
 one in 1833. The stone part of the present dwelling was 
 built in 1780, and the brick portion in 1810. The mill 
 has been in active operation at least one hundred and thirty 
 years. 
 
 Mr. Phillips' original green-house was erected by him 
 about 1859, and since then he has enlarged ft to eleven 
 houses, embracing nearly seventeen thousand feet of glass. 
 The business is chiefly by shipping, and not local. He 
 ships on orders to all parts of the United States, Canadas, 
 and the islands, mostly sent by mail. Roses are his leading 
 specialties, but he is largely engaged in general green-house 
 collections. His establishment is called " Sunnyside," and 
 is situated in the western part of Londongrove township, 
 and near West Grove Station on the Philadelphia and Bal- 
 timore Central Railroad, and is most beautifully located in 
 a fine and picturesque region of country. 
 
RESIDENCE OF REES PALMER, •WEST CHESTER. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF -WILLIAM W. PARKER, PARKERSVILLE. 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 685 
 
 PICKERING, Benjamin.— The Pickering family, of 
 English extraction on the paternal and of Welsh on the 
 maternal side, is found at a very early period in Bucks 
 County, of this State, where John Pickering, the emigrant, 
 
 BENJAMIN PICKERING. 
 
 settled. His son Joseph married Ann Watson, and to 
 them were born two children, Benjamin and Watson. The 
 former and eldest was born Jan. 17, 1798, in New Hope, 
 Solebury township, Bucks Co. His grandfather, John, 
 married Rachel Duer, had seven sons and two daughters, 
 and died on the place he bought upon his arrival in America. 
 The family was ever engaged almost exclusively in agricul- 
 tural pursuits. 
 
 Benjamin removed to East Nottingham township in 1840, 
 in which year he married Jane, daughter of William and 
 Mary Idal. To them twelve children were born : Charles 
 W. ; Sarah Ann, m. George Smith ; Mary Elizabeth, m. 
 William Kennedy ; William J. ; Rachel Ann, m. John 
 Reynolds ; Martha Jane, m. Archie McFalls ; and Joseph 
 Warner, living ; and the following five deceased, Mary Ann, 
 Matilda, Stacy (all three in infancy), Emily, aged five, and 
 Charlotte Eliza, aged eleven years. Jane, his wife, was 
 born Dec. 22, 1802, and died in August, 1863. His farm of 
 140 acres lies about one mile from Oxford. He began life 
 with no means, learned the trade of a cooper, and later that 
 of a carpenter. By industry, economy, and perseverance 
 he has achieved a competence. He is esteemed as a man 
 of sterling integrity and upright character. 
 
 PIM. — This family can be traced from Richard Pirn, of 
 Leicestershire, England, who in his old age removed to Ire- 
 land, about 1655. His son William, with his family, also 
 removed to Ireland in the same year. John Pim, son of 
 William, born in Leicestershire, married, in 1663, Mary 
 Pleadwell, and lived at Montrath, Ireland. He had eleven 
 children, of whom the eldest was Moses, born 7, 19, 1664, 
 who married Ann, daughter of Christopher and Philippa 
 Raper. 
 
 William Pim, in the next generation, born at Lackah, 
 11, 15, 1692, married, 11, 21, 1715, Dorothy Jackson, 
 daughter of Thomas and Dorothy. The family came to 
 Pennsylvania in 1730, and settled in East Cain township, 
 where Dorothy died 1, 15, 1732, and her husband 10, 11, 
 1751. He was for many years the clerk of Bradford 
 Monthly Meeting, an elder in the church, and an active, 
 influential citizen. 
 
 His children were Moses, b. 10, 27, 1716; Sarah, b. 4, 
 23, 1719, m. George Mendenhall ; Thomas, b. 3, 1, 1721, 
 d. 10, 3, 1786 ; Hannah, b. 4, 18, 1723, m. Thomas Paine ; 
 Richard, b. 10, 10, 1728, d. 4, 12, 1760; Mary, b. 6, 6, 
 1731, d. 1, 30, 1732. 
 
 Thomas Pim married, 10, 24, 1746, Prances Wilkinson, 
 daughter of James, of Wilmington, and continued on the 
 homestead. His wife died 5, 7, 1784, aged sixty-three. 
 Their children were Moses, Ann (m. to John Edge), Wil- 
 liam, Thomas, Hannah, Sarah, John, and Rachel. 
 
 Thomas, Jr., married his cousin Mary, daughter of Rich- 
 ard Pim, and was the father of Rachel, who died young ; 
 Hannah, m. to Job Remington ; Sarah, m. to William 
 Abbott ; Mary, m. to Abraham Gibbons ; Anne, living in 
 West Chester, unmarried, in her 90th year ; and Richard, 
 who died on the homestead in 1857, leaving children. 
 
 Richard Pim, son of William, married, 2, 5, 1752, Han- 
 nah, daughter of Phinehas Lewis, and left four children, — 
 John, died young ; Mary, m. to Thomas Pim, Jr. ; Isaac, 
 m. to Hannah Cope, and Moses. 
 
 POTTS, David, Jr.— The ship " Shield," Capt. Daniel 
 Towes, from Hull, England, arrived in the Delaware River 
 in December, 1678, and anchored at Burlington, West Jer- 
 sey colony. Among its passengers were Thomas Potts 
 and his wife, Ann, and children. He died in Germantown 
 in 1726. On Dec. 30, 1680, he purchased in Burlington, 
 N. J., a dwelling, bark-mill, tanyard, etc. In 1692 he 
 bought lands in Philadelphia. He was a tanner by trade. 
 His wife, Ann, died 7th mo. 9, 1714, and in 1716 he married 
 Alice Pusser. The Potts family were Friends. His will 
 was proven Nov. 10, 1726. His only son and heir, Thomas 
 Potts, appears on record as an iron-master, residing in Cole- 
 brookdale township, then Philadelphia County, and he there 
 bought from Gerhart Henkels 192 acres of land. He mar- 
 ried, 8th mo. 3, 1699, Martha Keurling, who subsequently 
 dying, he again was married to Grace Farmer. She died 
 in the same year, and he the third time was married to 
 Magdalen Robeson. His will was proven Jan. 10, 1752. 
 John, son of Thomas Potts by his first wife, Martha, mar- 
 ried, April 11, 1734, Ruth Savage, of Coventry, a daughter 
 of Samuel Savage, by his wife, Anna, daughter of Thomas 
 Rutter. He was the founder of Pottstown, and the com- 
 mon ancestor of the Potts family, and among his direct 
 lineal descendants was David Potts, Sr. His son, David, 
 Jr., was born in the year 1794, and for near a half-century 
 successfully managed Warwick Furnace, and greatly en- 
 larged and improved the estate therewith connected. He 
 represented, in part, Chester County in the Legislature for 
 several years, having been elected in 1823, '24, and '25, 
 and subsequently was the representative from this district 
 in Congress for eight years, from 1831 to 1839. He was 
 bitterly opposed to slavery, and in the halls of Congress 
 
686 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 manfully opposed all legislation to perpetuate it. He mar- 
 ried Anna Nutt May, of Coventry township, in 1819. 
 She died March 17, 1823, and he never remarried. The 
 Warwick branch of the Potts family espoused the patriot 
 side in the Revolutionary war, and some of them served in 
 the Continental army. Among these were Jonathan Potts, 
 surgeon-general of the army, and Lieut.-Col. John Potts. 
 The Warwick Furnace cast many hundred cannon for the 
 American army, and its locality is surrounded with rich 
 historic associations of the days of the Revolutionary era. 
 David Potts, Jr., died June 1, 1863, at the age of sixty- 
 nine years. He served in the war of 1812 with his brother, 
 Thomas M., and was with Capt. Kimes' company, of Read- 
 ing, at Marcus Hook. He was active in politics, and in 
 later life was at one time the Free-Soil candidate for Gov- 
 ernor. He was universally esteemed by the community ; 
 was a man of clear brain, noble impulse, and warm heart, of 
 energy and upright character, and the impress of his active 
 life was greatly felt throughout the State. 
 
 Thomas M. Potts. — " Warwick Furnace," so long 
 the home of this branch of the family, was founded in 1736 
 by Rebecca Grace, and has been almost all that time in 
 blast until quite recently. Mrs. Grace, wife of Robert 
 Grace, an extensive iron-master, did not reside here, but at 
 her Coventry estate, in what is now known as South Cov- 
 entry township. She was twice married, her first husband 
 being Samuel Nutt, by whom she had one daughter, Anna, 
 who married Thomas Potts. Her second husband was 
 Robert Grace, the lifelong friend and intimate companion 
 of Benjamin Franklin. Two of Thomas Potts' daughters 
 were in succession married to Robert May. Mrs. Grace, 
 after the decease of her husband, resided in Robert May's 
 
 family until her death, and was buried in the family bury- 
 ing-ground at Coventry. Thomas M. Potts, son of David 
 Potts, Sr., and Martha, his wife, was a brother of David, Jr., 
 and was born at Warwick Furnace, Aug. 9, 1797. As 
 there were no suitable schools in the neighborhood, Thomas 
 M. was placed under the tuition of a noted teacher named 
 Glass, at Pottstown. After having received his education 
 he returned home and assisted in the management of the 
 furnace. He married Hannah, daughter of John Tem- 
 plin, — a gentleman residing near Warwick, well and favor- 
 ably known for his general intelligence, business ability, and 
 strict integrity,— on July 6, 1826. Shortly after, he 
 moved to the State of Tennessee, where he conducted the 
 iron-works of Anthony Van Leer, near Nashville, a relative 
 of his wife. He remained there about two years, then re- 
 turned to Chester County, and erected a foundry about a 
 mile below Warwick Furnace, on the South Branch of 
 French Creek, where he engaged in producing castings of 
 various kinds and patterns; but as they could be more 
 cheaply made in Philadelphia, which was his principal 
 market, he abandoned the foundry after two years of labor. 
 He then went to Virginia and engaged in the manufacture 
 of iron with David Jenkins, of Lancaster County. 
 
 While he was in Virginia his brother, David, Jr., pur- 
 chased Jeflferson Furnace, in South Manheim township, 
 Schuylkill Co. At David's instance Thomas took charge 
 of these works, and conducted them for some time ; but 
 unfortunately the mines which had been relied on to sup- 
 ply these works failed, on the discovery of which David, 
 Jr., sold them, and Thomas M. once more returned to his 
 native county, in which he continued to reside till he died. 
 The house in which he resided for many years had been 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOaiCAL. 
 
 687 
 
 built for him by David, Jr., on part of the Warwick estate. 
 Here he passed the remDant of his days in agricultural 
 pursuits, exercising a generous hospitality and living in the 
 affectionate respect of his relatives, friends, and neighbors. 
 He died Oct. 29, 1876. His widow survives, and resides 
 with her son, Capt. John T. Potts. 
 
 John T. Potts. — Thomas M. and Hannaette (Templin) 
 Potts had nine children, viz. : David, sergt.-maj. 175th 
 Pennsylvania Infantry, d. after the close of the war ; Hol- 
 man Vincent, private in Co. A, 53d Pennsylvania Infantry, 
 promoted to lieutenant, and d. after the war of the Rebellion 
 closed ; John T. ; Nathaniel, d. quite young ; Thomas M. ; 
 Anna T., m. William L. Whitney, cashier of Miners' Na- 
 tional Bank of Pottsville, and d. ; Gertrude, d. ; Martha El- 
 len, m. Francis M. Nichols, of Philadelphia ; and Mary K. 
 
 tenant, and again, on the following June 2d, to be first lieu- 
 tenant of Company A of said regiment ; was wounded at 
 Antietam and Fredericksburg. Afterwards, by the direction 
 of the President, he was detailed for special duty at Wash- 
 ington City, and commissioned by President Lincoln, Aug. 
 1, 1864, captain in the Veteran Reserve Corps, and was 
 mustered out July 13, 1865. 
 
 On July 22, 1865, Brig.-Gen. Joseph H. Taylor, ctief 
 of Gen. Augur's staff, wrote the following letter : 
 
 " Capt. John T. Potts has long been employed at these headquarters 
 on duties exceedingly delicate and responsible, which he has per- 
 formed always with fidelity, firmness, and good judgment, to the per- 
 fect satisfaction of Maj.-Gen. Augur, Comdg. Dpt. Originally an 
 officer of the 53d Pennsylvania Volunteers, he served faithfully in 
 the field until wounded in action. His resignation deprives the ser- 
 vice of a most worthy and excellent gentleman and soldier." 
 
 The wife of Thomas M. Potts was a Templin, and her 
 grandmother was a sister of Gen. Anthony Wayne, and her 
 mother was a Van Leer, of an old and well-known family, 
 noted in the anti-slavery cause. Of the children of Thomas 
 M. Potts, John T. was born Feb. 28, 1841, in Rocking- 
 ham Co., Va., where his father was then temporarily 
 residing in the iron business. When two years old he re- 
 moved with his parents to Schuylkill County, where he 
 lived until he was about thirteen, and then came to 
 Chester County. He was educated in the academies of 
 Pottstown and Pottsville. He married. May 24, 1865, 
 Martha B. Jones, of Doe Run, who died in Philadelphia 
 in 1873. He enlisted April 19, 1861, as a private m 4th 
 Pennsylvania Infantry, under Col. (late Governor) Har- 
 tranft, three months' men ; re-enlisted in August as a pri- 
 vate in three years' service at Harrisburg in 53d Pennsyl- 
 vania Infantry ; was promoted in August to be second lieu- 
 
 On the above is the following indorsement : 
 
 "I fully and entirely and heartily concur in the foregoing. 
 
 " C. C. Atjgub, 
 " Major- Genl. Comdg. Bpt." 
 
 He was treasurer of Chester County, from 1865 to 1867, 
 and was afterwards largely engaged in the manufacture of 
 brick in Philadelphia, but since his father's death in 1876 
 he resides at the homestead. In 1880 he was elected a 
 member of the Legislature. 
 
 Major James Potts was born at Germantown, June 
 17, 1752 (O.S.). He was the son of Samuel and Ann 
 (Rush) (Ashmead) Potts, grandson of Daniel and Sarah 
 (Shoemaker) Potts, and great-grandson of David and Alice 
 (Croasdale) Potts. The ancestors of Maj. Potts were mem- 
 bers of the Society of Friends, and settled in the province 
 of Pennsylvania about the time of the formation of the 
 colony. 
 
688 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 He always took a great interest in political and military 
 aflFairs, and during the Revolutionary war took an active 
 part in the cause of the colonies. He was an officer in the 
 service, and was in the battles of Brandywine and German- 
 town, and was engaged in a number of skirmishes. 
 
 Until the year 1808 he resided a short distance north of 
 Philadelphia. In that year he removed to Chester County, 
 and settled in West Pallowfield (now Highland) township, 
 and soon thereafter purchased the farm since owned by J. 
 Wilson Hershberger and others, near the Limestone road, 
 where he resided until his death, which occurred on the 
 28th of July, 1822. 
 
 Although Maj. Potts never had the advantage of a liberal 
 education, yet he was a man of no mean attainments, and 
 possessed a good sound judgment. He early took strong 
 grounds in favor of the temperance movement, and some- 
 times oflFended his neighbors because the customary decan- 
 ter was not always brought from the sideboard. He gave 
 considerable attention to the culture of peaches, having a 
 large and productive orchard; 
 
 His wife was Sarah Wessell, daughter of John and Han- 
 nah (Wells) Wessell, of Philadelphia County. They had 
 twelve children, eight of whom grew up, viz. : Rachel, m. 
 Eneas Hughes; James Wessell, m. Margaret Stroud; Ann, 
 m. Thomas Mclntire ; Eliza ; Samuel, m. Margaret Shaef- 
 fer ; Hannah, m. Isaac D. Tarrance ; Sarah, m. Joseph 
 Tarrance; and Thomas Jefferson, m. Margaret Carter. 
 The latter resided on the Limestone road, one mile north 
 of Cochranville, and died Oct. 26, 1877. Two of his sons 
 publish a newspaper at Parkesburg, and another, Thomas 
 
 Maxwell Potts, is much interested in antiquarian and 
 genealogical studies, and is the author of a biographical 
 sketch of Maj. Potts, to which the writers are indebted for 
 the facts contained in this paper. He now resides in 
 Canonsburg, Pa. 
 
 POWER, D.D., Rev. James, was born in Notting- 
 ham, Chester Co., Pa., in the year 1746, the child of 
 parents who had emigrated from the north of Ireland. He 
 received his preparatory education at the school of the 
 eminent Dr. Samuel Finley, and graduated at Princeton in 
 1766. Among his classmates in college were Hezekiah J. 
 Balch, Oliver Ellsworth, Luther Martin, and Nathaniel 
 Niles. He was licensed by the Presbytery of New Castle, 
 June 24, 1772, and ordained at Octorara on the 23d of 
 May, 1776. 
 
 In the fall of that year he removed to Western Penn- 
 sylvania, and took up his residence in Fayette County. He 
 supplied the destitute congregations over an extensive dis- 
 trict for a time, and in 1779 became pastor of the Sewickly 
 and Mount Pleasant congregations. He was the first set- 
 tled Presbyterian minister in Western Pennsylvania. He 
 lived to the age of eighty-five years, greatly venerated 
 and beloved for his piety, fidelity, and usefulness. He was 
 a graceful speaker and of polished manners, and his enun- 
 ciation was so perfect that when he spoke in the open, air, 
 as he frequently did, he could be heard at a great dis- 
 tance. 
 
 The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on Mr. 
 Power by Jefferson College in 1808. He died Aug. 5, 
 1830. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 689 
 
 PRATT. — Abraham Pratt, the first of the name in this 
 province, lived in Dublin township, vphere he died in 1709, 
 his will being proven Dec. 21st of that year, and in which 
 document (of which his wife Jane was executrix) are men- 
 tioned his sons Joseph, John, and Jeremiah, and daughter 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Joseph, presumably the son of the above, married Sarah, 
 daughter of William and Jane Edwards, May 9, 1717, and 
 settled on a farm in Edgmont, on the east side of Ridley 
 Creek, about five miles northwest of where his wife was 
 born, and where her descendants continued to reside until 
 1830. His second marriage, with Mary Jones, took place 
 at Christ Church, Philadelphia, Nov. 25, 1728. The 
 children of Joseph were Thomas, Alice, Ann, Sarah, Rose, 
 and Joseph. Thomas married Hannah Evans in 1712, 
 and died 8, 3, 1743. Alice married Randal Malin, of 
 Whiteland, and had seven children. Ann married Amos 
 Davies, of Goshen, and had nine children. Sarah married 
 Thomas Moore, and later David Yarnall, of Willistown, and 
 settled in Coventry. Joseph, born in 1727, married Jane 
 Davis in 1752, and settled on his father's farm. Of the 
 children of Joseph and Jane the following record is given : 
 
 1. Abraham, b. 12, 19, 1746; m. Sarah Williamson, 4, 
 28, 1773, and settled in Goshen ; d. 3, 26, 1813 ; had one 
 daughter, Elizabeth (b. 1774), who m. Robert Roberts, 
 1799. Abraham's widow died in 1824. 
 
 2. Sarah, b. 5, 13, 1748 ; died young. 
 
 3. Jane, b. 5, 30, 1751 ; m. John Hoopes, 1772. 
 
 4. Joseph, b. 9, 12, 1753 ; m. Sarah Davis, his cousin, 
 in 1780, and settled on his grandfather's farm. He left 
 two sons, — Joseph, b. 1, 9, 1781, who married Sarah 
 Hoopes, and died 10, 25, 1861, and Lewis, a drover, who 
 died in 1848. 
 
 5. David, b. 6, 12, 1756 ; m. Lydia Hoopes, 1777, and 
 settled in Marple. He died in 1844 ; had eleven children, 
 — John, David, Joseph, Abram, Jeremiah, Henry, Randal, 
 Jane, Lydia, Christiana, Orpah. Of their sons, John mar- 
 ried and settled near Newtown meeting-hou.se, and died in 
 1837 ; Joseph settled at the White Horse, in Willistown, as 
 a merchant, and died, leaving a large family ; Abram re- 
 sided on the paternal homestead; Jeremiah removed to 
 Ohio ; Henry married Susan Garrett and settled in New- 
 town ; and Randal resides on the farm late his father's, in 
 Marple. 
 
 6. Mary, b. 5, 8, 1759 ; m. Francis Hoopes, of New 
 
 Garden, 1777. 
 
 7. Priscilla, b. 9, 3, 1761 ; m. Thomas Bishop, Jr., 
 1780 ; she died in 1847, aged eighty-five years. They 
 had eleven children. 
 
 8. Thomas, b. 1, 13, 1764; m. Hannah Massey, 1786, 
 and Hannah Heacock, 1813. He lived in Marple, and 
 died in 1820. By first marriage had children,— Ann, 
 Susan, Jane, Massey, Priscilla, and Phineas ; by his second 
 marriage one son, Thomas. 
 
 9. Sarah, m. to Joseph Bishop, d. 7, 17, 1809. 
 PRESTON, William, and wife, Jane, "of Bradley, in 
 
 the parish of Huthersfield, Old England," arrived in Penn- 
 sylvania in the year 1718, bringing a certificate from Brig- 
 house Monthly Meeting of Friends, held 11, 17, 1717, at 
 Harwood-well, near Halifax, in the county of York. Their 
 87 
 
 children were John, b. 2, 12, 1699; Martha, b. 7, 30, 
 1700, m. Benjamin Canby; Joseph, b. 12, 28, 1702, d. 5, 
 30, 1716 ; Sarah, b. 4, 6, 1706 ; William, b. 6, 7, 1708, 
 d. 3, 9, 1766 ; Jonas, b. 11, 19, 1710, d. 2, 1, 1772 ; Mary, 
 b. 7, 13, 1713, d. 7, 2, 1731. 
 
 They settled in Buckingham, Bucks Co., where, in 1722, 
 Jane Preston, the widow of William, became the third wife 
 of Thomas Canby. 
 
 John Preston, son of John, and grandson of William and 
 Jane, settled in Lynchburg, Va., and had children, ^John, 
 Amos, Moses, Sarah, Peter, and William, who were living 
 in Ohio in 1830, and two others, Anne and David, then 
 deceased. 
 
 William Preston, Jr., married, in 1735, Deborah Ches- 
 man, who died 11, 29, 1749-50. They had five children, 
 —Martha, b. 5, 27, 1737, m. Stephen Wilson ; Mary, b. 
 2, 17, 1740 ; Ruth, b. 9, 15, 1742 ; Sarah, b. 6, 3, 1745 ; 
 Joseph, b. 1, 11, 1748, d. 6, 1, 1810. 
 
 Joseph Preston, of Buckingham, and Rebecca Bills, of 
 Solebury, were married, 1, 17, 1770, at Buckingham, Bucks 
 Co., and some time prior to 1790 removed to Londongrove, 
 Chester Co. She wns born 11, 30, 1744, and died 3, 7, 
 1790. Joseph married (second) Anna Simmons. His 
 children were William, b. 11, 6, 1770, m. Mary Moore; 
 Jonas, b. 10, 22, 1772, m. Elizabeth Brown ; David, b. 9, 
 20, 1774, m. Judith HoUingsworth ; Rachel, b. 9, 1, 1776, 
 m. Henry Simmons ; Joseph, b. 3, 8, 1779 ; Mahlon,'b. 2, 
 8, 1781, m. Amy Coates; Deborah, b. 8, 4, 1783, m. Sey- 
 mour Coates ; Sarah, b. 8, 4, 1783, d. 1, 22, 1786 ; Amos, 
 b. 7, 15, 1786, d. 12, 2, 1856 ; Rebecca, b. 4, 28, 1802 ; 
 Isaac, b. 6, 7, 1805, d. 4, 9, 1806. 
 
 William and Jonas settled in Octorara Hundred (now 
 Eighth District), Cecil Co., Md., and were the founders of 
 Octorara Meeting. David removed to Harford Co., Md., 
 near Bel Air. Mahlon and Amos remained on their father's 
 farm, at what is now called Prestonville. 
 
 Amos Preston married, 4, 10, 1811, Margaret Smith, 
 daughter of Joseph and Elinor Smith, of Londongrove, 
 born 3, 29, 1791, died 1, 4, 1863. They had children,— 
 Joseph, Ann, Simpson, Smith, Levi, Charles, Rebecca, 
 Howard, and Caroline S. Preston. The following sketch 
 of the eldest daughter, Ann, born 12, 1, 1813, is taken 
 from a memorial pamphlet : 
 
 In the quiet old homestfiad where her grandfather lived, where 
 her father was born, lived, and died, she spent the first thirty-six 
 years of what then promised to be an uneventful life. Confined some- 
 what closely at home, her early education Tvas not what is usually 
 called liberal, and her attendance at school was limited to the excel- 
 lent one near her country home and a short time spent at a boarding- 
 school in West Chester. Later in life she mastered the Latin 
 language, and became early interested in the leading philanthropic 
 questions of that time, and thought and wrote carefully concerning 
 them. Prior to 1833 she had become a member of the Clarkson Anti- 
 Slavery Society, which held its meetings quarterly at different points 
 in Chester and Lancaster Counties. In 1838 she attended the meeting 
 held in Philadelphia for the dedication of Pennsylvania Hall, erected 
 for the purposes of free discussion. Her poem, entitled 'The Burning 
 of Pennsylvania Hall' (by a mob), was one of two selected from sev- 
 eral hundred for publication in the ' History of Pennsylvania Hall,' 
 the other being written by Rev. John Pierpont. In 1848 she pub- 
 lished a small book of poems for children, entitled ' Cousin Ann's Sto- 
 ries ' which have become classic in child literature. While her course 
 for the future was still undetermined, information reached her of the 
 proposed opening of the \f opian's Medical College of Pennsylvania. 
 
690 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Having decided for herself that the study and practice of medicine 
 "Were both womanly and adapted to her moral, mental, and physical 
 constitution, she was one of the first applicants for admission to this 
 college as a student at its opening in 1850. She graduated at the first 
 annual commenooment, at the close of the session of 1851-52. The 
 following spring she accepted in this institution the professorship of 
 the chair of Physiology and Hygiene. She spent a year in the Mater- 
 nity Hospital of Paris, and on her return home was the instrument 
 mainly of the origin of the Woman's Hospital, in Philadelphia, of 
 which she was appointed on its board of managers corresponding 
 secretary and consulting physician, offices she held until her death. 
 In 1866 she was elected dean of the faculty of the college, and the 
 next year a member of its board of incorporators. She died at her 
 post of duty, April 18, 1872. Her introductory lectures and valedic- 
 tory addresses, now a part of the Woman's Medical College history, 
 are especially able. In practice Dr. Preston was successful, and, keenly 
 alive to the wants of the sick and suffering, she was unusually loved 
 and trusted. The medical college, under her charge, was the first tver 
 chartered for its purpose, and the number of its graduates exceed that 
 of any similar institution. Dr. Preston early became identified with 
 it, and for nineteen years was Professor of Physiology and Hygiene, 
 for six years dean of the faculty, and for four years member of the 
 board of corporators. She was a woman of rare talent, and by her 
 death the medical profession and the cause of medical education sus- 
 tained a great loss. When Dr. Preston's will was published, the 
 friends of the college and hospital found that both institutions had 
 been generously remembered. To the cause, of woman her work and 
 example were invaluable. Her personal character was so high, her 
 ability so great, her judgment so accurate, her nature so truly femi- 
 nine, her success as a physician so universally acknowledged, that her 
 life was an unanswerable argument against those who would exclude 
 women from the medical profession. 
 
 Jonas, youngest son of William and Jane Preston, was 
 born in Yorkshire, 19th of 11 th mo., 1710, and died in New 
 Castle, Del., 2d mo. 1, 1772, aged sixty-two. He married 
 Jane Paxson, of Bucks County, and had children, viz. : 
 William, b. 11, 25, 1732-3 ; Mary, b. 9, 20, 1734 ; John, 
 b. 10, 20, 1736, d. 6, 4, 1740 ; Jane, b. 10, 16, 1738, d. 
 6, 8, 1740 ; Sarah, b. 10, 13, 1740, m. Joshua Richard- 
 son; Jonas, b. 7, 24, 1742, d. 7, 10, 1748; Martha, b. 6, 
 22, 1744, m. Thomas Sharpless; Ann, b. 12, 15, 1745-6, 
 m. Isaac Eyre ; Hannah, b. 10, 22, 1747, m. Nicholas Fair- 
 lamb. Jane (Paxson) Preston, wife of Jonas, died 10, 29, 
 1749. He afterwards married a widow, Sarah (Plumley) 
 Carter, and had one child, Jonas, who died young, the 
 mother dying the day of his birth, 7th mo. 29, 1754. Jo- 
 nas moved to Chester County about 1752, where he mar- 
 ried, in 1756, (his third wife) Hannah Lewis, widow of 
 William Lewis, of Haverford, by whom he had no issue. 
 He married (fourth), 4, 14, 1763, at Chester Meeting, 
 Mary,, widow of John Lea, of Chester, and daughter of 
 John and Abigail Yarnall, of Edgmont, and mother of 
 Thomas Lea, founder of the Brandywine Flour-Mills, in 
 Wilmington. By her he had one son, Jonas (Dr. Preston), 
 born 1st mo. 25, 1764, and who died 4th mo. 4, 1836, in 
 Philadelphia, and was buried at his request in his mother's 
 grave in Friends' graveyard, at Chester. His remains 
 were disinterred 6th mo. 24, 1867, and removed to Friends' 
 graveyard at Downingtown. 
 
 Dr. Preston read medicine under Dr. Bond, 1782-83, 
 and attended to his practice in Penn Hospital, after which 
 he spent several years in medical schools at Edinburgh 
 and Paris, graduating from the former in 1785 or '86. 
 Upon returning he located himself in Wilmington, Del., for 
 a time, after which he wont to Georgia, but returning, set- 
 tled for some time in Chester, Delaware Co., and succeeded 
 
 in acquiring an extensive practice, both in Chester and Del- 
 aware Counties, particularly in obstetrics, in which he was 
 celebrated, and was called upon in consultation far and near. 
 
 He represented his county in the House and Senate of 
 Pennsylvania for many years, and was active in building a 
 bridge over the Susquehanna at McCall's, with Dr. Abra- 
 ham Baily, which in the end proved a failure. At the 
 period of the Whisky Insurrection he volunteered his ser- 
 vices, and was with the troops sent out on that occasion. 
 His first wife was Orpha, daughter of William and Mary 
 Reece, of Newtown, and he afterwards married Jane, 
 daughter of George and Sarah Thomas, of West Whiteland, 
 8th mo. 19, 1812, leaving no children by either wife. He 
 soon after relinquished his profession and removed to Phila- 
 delphia, where he continued till his death, taking an active 
 interest in various benevolent and other institutions, such 
 as Pennsylvania Hospital, Friends' Asylum at Frankford, 
 Penn Bank, Schuylkill Navigation Company, etc., and to 
 crown the works of a long life of activity and usefulness he 
 left some four hundred thousand dollars or more, in addi- 
 tion to other benevolent bequests, towards founding an " in- 
 stitution for the relief of indigent married women of good 
 character, distinct and unconnected with any other hospital, 
 where they may be received and provided with proper ob- 
 stetric aid for their delivery, with suitable attendance and 
 comforts during their period of weakness and susceptibility 
 which ensues," etc., which is now in active operation under 
 the wise supervision of Dr. William Goodell, and has done 
 and is doing, in a quiet, unostentatious way, an incalculable 
 amount of good. 
 
 PRICE, Philip.*— In the " History of Chester County" 
 I have been invited to fill a space with a sketch of the life 
 of my father. I appreciate the privilege, and will not abuse 
 it. It is my native county, and it and its people have always 
 had the strongest hold upon my affections, and wherever I 
 have lived or traveled there my untraveled heart has ever 
 turned as to a home and scenes the most beautiful of earth. 
 
 Philip Price was born on the 8th of the firet month 
 (January), 1704, in Kingsessing, Philadelphia, on the 
 brow of the first upland overlooking the meadows and the 
 lower Schuylkill and the Delaware Rivers, within five miles 
 of the southwest corner of William Penn's city of two 
 square miles, and in the beautiful but little varied scenery 
 of that home of the Bonsalls his youth was spent. 
 
 It has been a labor of love to trace the ancestry of my 
 parents in all their branches back to the first settlers, all of 
 whom came direct to Pennsylvania and the " three Lower 
 Counties," and seated themselves under the benign auspices 
 of William Penn and a civil and religious government of 
 the Society of Friends. No colony was ever planted under 
 influences so beneficent, none ever had to endure evils so 
 few, none so fully enjoyed the just fruits of wise principles, 
 and a good moral and religious life. The true history of 
 that colony is the brightest oasis in the dreary records of 
 wrongs and misgovernment which all other histories pre- 
 sent to our view. We can never cease to love to contem- 
 plate it, and reproduce it for the loving admiration of all 
 who love the good, the true, and the righteous. From the 
 
 » By Eli K. Price. 
 
JiiUliKAi'lHUAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 691 
 
 wise institutions of Penn all our declarations of rights and 
 constitutions have borrowed some of their best principles. 
 
 All the immigrant ancestors of our parents came with 
 William Penn in 1682, or within a few years afterwards. 
 There was but one male in each of the four generations of 
 the name of Price who preceded my father, thus named : 
 Philip, Isaac, Isaac, and Philip. The first Isaac Price 
 married Susannah Shoemaker, who came to Pennsylvania 
 with Sarah, her mother, and her uncles Jacob and Peter 
 Shoemaker, 8th mo. 12, 1685, some of whose descendants 
 were Millers, of Shoemaker Town, near Abington. Those 
 were German Friends from the Palatinate of the Ehine. 
 The second Isaac married Margaret, daughter of the second 
 Henry Lewis, whose father was the loved and trusted friend 
 of William Penn. 
 
 Philip Price's father was a farmer and grazier, and his 
 son assisted and was trained in his business. During the 
 war of the Eevolution the farm was twice swept of its 
 cattle, alternately, for the British and American army, and 
 for a short time Gen. Howe had his headquarters at the 
 father's house, by the Kingsessing church. 
 
 Philip Price remained, after his marriage on the 20th of 
 the tenth month, 1784, about three years with his father, 
 and afterwards occupied a farm in East Nantmeal, Chester 
 Co., for four years. In 1791, by deed 23d of third month, 
 he bought the farm within two miles southwest of West 
 Chester, the birthplace of all his children except the first 
 four. Here it was that he began his improvements of 
 grounds, then exhausted, gully-washed, and overgrown with 
 poverty-grass and weeds. Those 317 acres 104 perches 
 are now in the ownership of the widow and children of 
 Philip P. Paxson, the widow and children of William P. 
 Foulke, Esq., of Dr. Alfred Elwyn, of Kichard Strode, and 
 parts of it are in the farms of Alfred Sharpies and John 
 Yerkes. 
 
 Writing to Judge Peters in 1796, Philip Price said, 
 " In the spring of the year 1792 I fenced ofi' a piece of 
 about four acres" (to fold his cattle), " being a part of a 
 large field that was much reduced, washed into deep gullies 
 in many parts, and which had been totally neglected for 
 many years. The appearance was so disagreeable that I 
 put no value on it when I purchased the place, though the 
 field contained fifty acres.'' The best efibrts made in agri- 
 cultural improvement at that time in the neighborhood 
 were those of meadow-bank irrigation. Philip Price was 
 in communication with the best theoretical and practical 
 information of the period, and made his own observation 
 and experiment with skill and judgment. Judge Peters 
 and Dr. Mease were then our best writers and most zealous 
 patrons of agriculture. Philip Price saved and spread his 
 stable-manure, used lime, and was among the first in Chester 
 County to begin the use of plaster of Paris. Judge Peters 
 writes, " I have heard of none who have been more re- 
 markably successful in the piaster system than Mr. West 
 and Mr. Price. They have brought old, worn-out lands to 
 an astonishing degree of fertility and profit by combining 
 the plaster with other manures." — (Mem. of Agl. Soc, 2 
 vols., 34.) 
 
 The rotation of crops adopted was to plow in the fall or 
 early spring, for the spring planting of Indian corn ; the 
 
 next year to sow barley or oats, and in the fall to sow the 
 wheat crop ; and upon this to sow the clover- and timothy- 
 seed, and the product of these in the following year was a 
 fine crop of hay, with a fall crop of clover, and this for some 
 years, until it became expedient to repeat the same rotation. 
 
 In 1796, Philip Price answered the queries of Judge 
 Peters to the following efi'ect as to the use of gypsum. On 
 a high, loamy soil it operated better than on low-lying clay 
 ground. One to one and a half bushels per acre are suffi- 
 cient, repeated yearly while in clover ; the efi'ect being good 
 with or without recent plowing, and is without liability 
 to leave the soil exhausted, where the increased product is 
 returned in increase of the stable-manure. It is most bene- 
 ficially applied to Indian corn and red clover, but usefully 
 on other grain- and grass-crops, with or without other ma- 
 nuring, but with most striking effect if not immediately 
 preceded by other manure. The best time to sow it is at 
 the first harrowing of Indian corn, and on clover, in small 
 quantity, soon after it comes up, to be repeated as soon as 
 vegetation takes place in the spring. The effect is most 
 visible on a poor soil. Eight acres sowed plentifully with 
 it, without other manure, in five years, said Philip Price, 
 " became worth ten times what it was before I plastered it, 
 the face of the soil appearing to be entirely changed, and 
 is admired by all who have hitherto known it." 
 
 In 1799 the first trials were made in London of Dr. 
 Jenner's new discovery of vaccination to prevent the loath- 
 some scourge of smallpox. Within a few years Philip 
 Price brought the vaccine scab, and with his own hand, as 
 I remember, vaccinated successfully all his children ; and 
 all escaped the disease from which immunity was sought. 
 Yet, strange perversity ! there are now those who oppose 
 that invaluable preventive. 
 
 Philip Price was deputed by his neighbors, about the 
 end of the first decade of this century, to go into Virginia 
 and bring into Chester County the seeds of the Virginia 
 thorn for hedging. The writer was present at the division 
 of the seeds, and helped to plant the first hedges. These 
 became of extended use, and added an ornament to the 
 landscape. This thorn is now falling into disuse, and it is 
 largely replaced by the osage orange, of larger and more 
 vigorous growth and a more permanent verdure. 
 
 When the Chester County Agricultural Society was 
 formed, many years after, the remembrance of what Philip 
 Price had done for their cause was held reason sufficing for 
 his being elected its first president. 
 
 Farming was then more picturesque than now. Then 
 farmers would in turn join their forces, and it was a sight 
 pleasing to behold when ten to twenty men reaped beside 
 each other, he to the left being successively a few feet in 
 advance ; and more so when they swung so many cradles 
 in concert, as by one impulse. The sickle was the primi- 
 tive instrument for cutting wheat; but early in the cen- 
 tury the cradle, with scythe and four fingers, came into 
 general use ; but still the sickle or naked scythe was needed 
 where the wheat, barley, or oats was lodged. In 1809, on 
 my twelfth birthday, I reaped my dozen sheaves. 
 
 At the beginning of the cenfesn-y most of the traveling 
 was done on horseback, and but few kept their carriages. 
 Philip Price was equipped to face the storm on horseback. 
 
J-XXkJ S. \JJ.t) J. 
 
 v>xaa:ik^-i.juj^ 
 
 X x:jxi XI kj J. xj T j:i.±^ XXI.* 
 
 It was unknown to his family that he ever failed in any 
 appointment on account of weather. He wore high boots 
 and a light-colored glazed silk water-proof, with a hood and 
 skirts that covered him from the crown of his head to the 
 soles of his feet, and so spread as to protect the saddle and 
 the body of the horse. Though a less manly exercise, car- 
 riages were a good institution and a step taken in civiliza- 
 tion, for then more women and children could be taken to 
 meetings and in making social visits. 
 
 At that period Philip Price, as was the custom, was a 
 liberal smoker of cigars, the worst thing I ever knew him 
 to do ; but others inveighed against the habit, and William 
 Townsend with peculiar emphasis. Philip Price resolved 
 to quit the practice, and he did it at once. 
 
 Philip Price never served spirituous liqours to his hands 
 in harvest, or at other times, though many of his neighbors 
 did. Friends were always a temperance society, but did not 
 formerly absolutely abstain from wine, and more habitually 
 drank malt liquor ; but I do not remember its use in our 
 family ; indeed, but a little currant wine and some cider 
 occasionally. Modern Friends have made an advance in 
 this respect. 
 
 Here I am brought to a pause. I am asked to give a 
 sketch of the life of Philip Price. That life I never knew 
 in sepaiation from his wife. It cannot be told in separa- 
 tion from his wife without being defective ; a failure in de- 
 lineation, when it should not be so, for in reality there was 
 none in his life. All the descendants of Philip and Rachel 
 Price, all their friends, visitors, and neighbors, have ever 
 known and spoken of their names unitedly, and as insepa- 
 rably connected. Two trees that have so long stood to- 
 gether that their branches and leaves have blended into one 
 harmonious canopy must be viewed as one picture. Sepa- 
 rate them, and either is imperfect ; the symmetry is gone ; 
 a chasm appears. And what would the men of Chester 
 County have achieved without the wife and mother of the 
 household, the mistress of the dairy, the provider for the 
 harvesters? Yet more, what is a Friend, in the Friends' 
 Church, without his or her sympathizing and sustaining 
 companion? Almost a withered branch. The Friends 
 are yet, or ought to be, a peculiar people ; a missionary so- 
 ciety to raise mankind to higher conceptions of the good 
 and a more perfect example of Christianity. I must speak 
 of my mother, or I feel that I both wrong her memory and 
 that of my father. The primitive command was, " Honor 
 thy father and thy mother." The child equally inherits 
 the qualities of her blood, and, even more, the influences of 
 ■her mind are impressed upon the minds of her children. 
 Our civilization and refinement depend more upon woman 
 than man. Let us, then, hold her at least in equal honor. 
 This Friends have done beyond all other religious persua- 
 sions. She repeats the same marriage ceremony as her 
 husband ; is his social companion, his most trusted friend 
 and safest counselor ; and the spirit of the gospel is alike 
 given unto her, and more readily accepted by her. 
 
 Alphonsus Kirk came, a young man, from Lurgan, prov- 
 ince of Ulster, in Ireland, with certificate from his meet- 
 ing and his parents, Rogor Kirk and Elizabeth Kirk, dated 
 9th of 10th month, 1688 ; settled on the east side of the 
 Brandywine, New Castle Co., and on the 22d of 12th 
 
 month, 1692-3, married Abigail Sharpley, daughter of 
 Adam Sharpley, who had arrived in 1682. Their tenth 
 child was William Kirk, who removed to East Nantmeal, 
 Chester Co., whose second wife was Sibilla Davis, of Welsh 
 ancestry, a granddaughter of David Harris, who arrived 
 the 17th of 10th month, 1684. Rachel Kirk was the 
 sixth child of William and Sibilla Kirk, and became the 
 wife of Philip Price. 
 
 Since my earliest memory, which reaches to a.d. 1800, 
 my parents were constant attendants of meetings for disci- 
 pline and worship ; my father acted much as clerk, was an 
 elder, and my mother a recommended minister of the gos- 
 pel back into the last century. They took me with them to 
 Birmingham Meeting; and as probably my memory ex- 
 tends farther back than that of nearly all others, I think it 
 would now interest many descendants to record the names 
 of those who sat facing that meeting when its bounds in- 
 cluded West Chester and vicinity, before the end of the 
 first decade of this century. If an artist, I could portray 
 their venerable faces and forms. Joshua Sharpless would 
 have been there, but was absent as superintendent of West- 
 town school. At the head of the higher bench sat Richard 
 Strode, then came John Forsythe, Philip Price, Cheyney 
 JefiFeris, William Sharpless, Abraham Sharpless. On the 
 second bench were James Painter, Abraham Darlington, 
 William Townsend, Caleb Brinton, Thomas Wistar ; the 
 latter, an invalid, was carried in and out by Cheyney JefFeris, 
 who was stalwart. My mother was the only member I re- 
 member as a minister at that time. 
 
 I may not pass by the name of John Forsythe, my 
 mother's teacher, without saying that he was more learned 
 than any of his farming neighbors whom I knew. He was 
 familiar with the writings of Dugald Stewart, and his mental 
 philosophy was quite reconcilable with his religious faith. I 
 heard him say in my youth that the evidence of the presence 
 of the Divine Spirit was to him as plain as if the Creator 
 had given him the proof by a sixth outward sense. He had 
 this sense distinctly within. Friends held this from the first. 
 Thomas Ellis brought here in his certificate from Friends 
 in Wales, in 1683, a testimony, now among Merion Meet- 
 ing records, wherein it is said, be being " a man of a 
 tender spirit, and often broken before the Lord ; the sense 
 of the power of an endless life being upon him." And 
 Henry Thomas Buckle, an English philosopher, after writ- 
 ing volumes on European civilization in a spirit but too 
 skeptical, was constrained at last to say, " It is, then, to that 
 sense of immortality with which the affections inspire us 
 that I would appeal for the best proof of reality of a fu- 
 ture." He had deeply sympathized with a beloved mother 
 during her slow decay, and was only consoled for her loss by 
 the undoubting belief that he would rejoin her. This event 
 was not long delayed. He died at Damascus, May 31, 1 867. 
 In the end his philosophy became the religion of the Friends ; 
 and by the same induction the religion of the Friends is the 
 true philosophy. Thus the religious belief is real, and more 
 than theological theory. In 1803 another wrote, — 
 
 " Like as a language and the sound of words 
 To thought is but a moan, a symbol, help, 
 So is the soul's emotion thovght itael/."'^ 
 
 ■ Von Chamisso's "Faust," translated by Henry Phillips, Jr. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 693 
 
 The same was said by Paul : " That they should seek 
 the Lord, if haply they might feel after him, and fiud 
 him;" was said by Jesus, when he said, "that neither in 
 this mountain, nor yet in Jerusalem, was the true place to 
 worship ;" said, " God is a spirit, and they that worship 
 him must worship him in spirit and in truth," — that is, in 
 the conscious soul, where " the Father seeketh such to wor- 
 ship him." Paul, again, said, "the letter killeth, but the 
 spirit giveth life." The emotion and spirit being that 
 which comes from God, which men's words less perfectly 
 express to others less inspired. Prom the inspired feeling 
 arise thoughts and convictions, and with these come the 
 fitting words, such as man has invented and uses. 
 
 Of the worthy array of Friends named none have been 
 living for many years, nor is a son or daughter of any of 
 them now living except three, but of grandchildren and 
 remoter descendants there are many living in Chester 
 County and elsewhere who will be glad to hear of them 
 all. Of these descendants of my parents I have to say 
 they extend across this continent from California and 
 Oregon to Boston ; and in Europe from Paris to Constan- 
 tinople, — in all more than twelve localities. In numbers, 
 those living in 1864 were 129, and since then the births 
 have exceeded considerably the deaths. 
 
 Philip and Rachel Price brought a certificate from 
 Uwchlan Monthly Meeting, dated 4th month 21, 1791, 
 which was presented at Concord 5th month 4. He was 
 appointed clerk of the latter Monthly Meeting 3d month 
 5, 1794 ; and an elder 5th month 3, 1797. Rachel Price 
 was recommended as a minister 4th month 7, 1802. 
 
 The deep concern Philip and Rachel Price felt in the 
 Society of Friends and in the spread of gospel truth, and 
 their perfect accord of views, made their union of senti- 
 ment and service very close, but caused their frequent sep- 
 aration for months at a time, in a mutual sacrifice for the 
 good of the church. With a numerous family of children 
 at home, for in 1802 they had ten living, all of whom lived 
 to settle in life, it was a necessity that one should remain at 
 home when the other was absent. These absences and sac- 
 rifices tested their fidelity to Him to whom they owed their 
 highest duty and whom they most faithfully served, added 
 tolheir devotion a more perfect earnestness and refinement 
 of religious culture, and caused them to write to each other 
 many°affectionate and instructive letters, that otherwise 
 would never have been written. 
 
 Philip Price traveled in the winter of 1796-97, with 
 Charity Cook and Susanna HoUingsworth, through Vir- 
 ginia and Western Pennsylvania, when " Redstone" had 
 seemed the terminus of Friends' westward settlements. The 
 roads were very bad and the weather very severe, the ink 
 freezing in his pen as he wrote. Charity regarded him as 
 a son in the spiritual life, and they performed the trymg 
 journey and severe service with much fortitude and patient 
 endurance, with the reward of satisfaction. 
 
 During 1800 and 1801, John Hall, a minister from 
 England, was a frequent inmate in the family of Philip 
 and Rachel Price, and by his cheerful and social manners 
 was a welcome guest to all. He was in good fellowship 
 with us little fellows, and after his return from Caspar Wis- 
 tar's, where he stayed while we went through the measles. 
 
 he saluted me, " Well, Eli, canst thou whistle yet?" for at 
 fjur he indulged in that proof of an empty mind, and his 
 parents were not oversevere. Philip traveled with John 
 through New Jersey and Delaware, and in Pennsylvania 
 as far northwestward as Muncy and Catawissa. John's 
 letters, after his return home, were most cordial and affec- 
 tionate, and strong in the utterances of gospel fellowship 
 and prayers for the final future. 
 
 In the 7th month, 1801, Rachel Price joined Sarah New- 
 lin, of Darby, in religious visits to the families of Friends 
 in Delaware and the Eastern Shore of Maryland. The sep- 
 aration from her family was trying, and when ready to 
 despond the words " Thy Maker shall be thy husband" 
 came to her relief, and she was encouraged to complete her 
 assigned work in resignation. The service was felt to be 
 owned by the Master, and she returned with the consola- 
 tions of peace. 
 
 In the spring of 1804, Sarah Talbot, of Chichester, of 
 clear and thrilling voice, and Rachel Pries made a religious 
 visit to Friends in Middle and East New Jersey, and in the 
 spring of 1805 visited those of South and West New Jersey. 
 They held meetings almost daily, and met valued Friends. 
 At Egg Harbor Rachel Price for the first time looked upon 
 the ocean. Its unlimited expanse and the power of its waves 
 as they ceaselessly rolled upon the shore moved her sensitive 
 mind to wonder and praise of the Great Creator. In her 
 religious services she had the compensation of the divine 
 favor; but the separation was mutually felt to be a great 
 trial, yet husband and wife always encouraged each the 
 other to patient perseverance to finish the allotted service 
 in which he or she was engaged. 
 
 In 1807, Mary Witchell, an English Friend, sensible and 
 strong, and Rachel Price traveled to Ohio, crossing the 
 mountains over the roughest roads, and returned through 
 Virginia and Maryland. So rough were then the moun- 
 tain roads that the women Friends were often obliged to 
 walk and to ride in turn the one saddle-horse, sitting inse- 
 curely sideways on a man's saddle. Rachel wrote, " I think 
 it is not possible for any one to conceive how bad the roads 
 are witbout seeing them.'' They made two miles an hour. 
 Ohio had then numerous primitive dwellings and some 
 meeting-houses ; and where these were not, court-houses and 
 churches were freely opened. The mountains deeply im- 
 pressed my mother's mind by their grandeur, and their tes- 
 timony to the Creative power. She loved to commune with 
 Friends in their simple homes, and sympathized in their 
 trials, temporal and spiritual. She wrote from New Garden : 
 " There is a valuable settlement of Friends, here in this 
 wilderness country, whom we feel nearly united to, and I 
 may tell thee that I fully believe that I am in my place in 
 coming here. Though trying to be separated from you at 
 home, yet I feel very comfortable in being with our friends 
 here in little cabins." In 1821 the writer visited Mary at 
 Leeds, England, found her hale and kind, and since 1850 
 received from her a silk purse knit after she was one hun- 
 dred years old. 
 
 In 1809 Rachel Price and Sarah Talbot traveled exten- 
 sively through Virginia and Maryland. But regard for al- 
 lotted space compels me to forbear giving details. In 1810 
 she visited the meetings of the Western Quarter; in 1812, 
 
iiioiv^xvj. \jr Kjt3.jho±rjr>, uwuixix, irDimmoiii Vii-lNiii.; 
 
 those of Abington ; and ia 1813, Philip .Price went to the 
 opening of the first Yearly Meeting in Ohio. On that occa- 
 sion Jesse Kersey's services were eminently influential. At 
 that period his eloquence had such persuasive and argumen- 
 tative power as never to be forgotten by his hearers, as 
 never have they been by the writer, whose memory reaches 
 back to the most favored years of his gospel ministry. 
 
 During the war of 1812 to 1815 our people were forced 
 into manufactures by the war with Great Britain, and these 
 demanded wool, and the farm was used to graze merino 
 sheep, with good results while the war lasted, but when it 
 ceased protection of manufactures ceased, the manufactories 
 fell into decay, and the price of wool and value of sheep fell, 
 and these went to the shambles. Then and before, during 
 Jefferson's embargoes, the Democrats were the most zealous 
 champions of American manufactures. The parties re- 
 versed their policy after the first quarter of the century, 
 and our factories went to decay when they should have 
 been saved. 
 
 From 1795, Philip Price, and from 1802, Rachel Price, 
 had been one of the Yearly Meeting's committee to build 
 and manage the Westtown Boarding-School. There all 
 of their ten children received their last year's education. 
 In 1818, Philip and Rachel Price were appointed to take 
 charge of the school as superintendents, and continued 
 under the appointment until 1830. After that time he 
 built the Girls' Boarding-School, at West Chester, which 
 his daughter, Hannah P. Davis, sold in 1852. Their gov- 
 ernment in both was essentially a rule by kindness and 
 affection, and thousands have remembered and remember 
 them and their daughter, in all the residue of their lives, 
 with the love of affectionate children towards beloved pa- 
 rents. 
 
 During their residence at Westtown the committee au- 
 thorized many improvements : that of building a wall round 
 the girls' garden, but so as not to intercept the view ; the 
 planting of trees ; an improvement in the food ; the use 
 of cups and saucers instead of porringers ; and above all 
 a milder discipline was practiced, and whipping almost 
 ceased. This was found to be the better method. The re- 
 fractory boy was invited into the library, where sat the su- 
 perintendent and several teachers in solemn silence. Some 
 kindly words and admonitions were spoken by the superin- 
 tendent; usually the boy was softened, and the conclusion 
 was that he might be trusted with a further trial, and thus 
 bodily infliction was averted. There was no irritating sys- 
 tem of espionage to produce resentment and a more deter- 
 mined purpose of retaliation. Superintendent and teachers 
 were quick enough in observation, but it was not always 
 best to seem to see, or to make too much account of what 
 was seen. The bad boy was thus made of more kindly dis- 
 position ; was less hardened and fixed in vicious ways. 
 
 The following were the children of Philip and Rachel 
 Price: 1. Martha, b. 11th mo. 3, 1785; d. 9th mo. 11, 
 1852 ; m. Nathan H. Sharpies. 2. Hannah, b. 3d mo. 26, 
 1787 ; d. 1st mo. 10, 1861 ; m. Dr. David Jones Davis. 
 3. William, b. 9th mo. 17, 1788 ; d. 1st mo. 27, 1860 ; 
 m. Hannah Fisher. 4. Sibbilla, b. 2d mo. 19, 1790; d. 
 8th mo. 6, 1853 ; m. John W. Townsend. 5. Margaret, b. 
 4th mo. 9, 1792; d. 7th mo. 15, 1830; m. Jonathan Pax- 
 
 son. 6. Benjamin, b. 12th mo. 17, 1793; d. 1st mo. 15, 
 1872; m. Jane Paxson. 7. Sarah, b. 11th mo. 6, 1793 ; 
 d. 12th mo. 4, 1873 ; m. Caleb Carmalt. 8. Eli K., b. 
 7th mo. 20, 1797 ; m. Anna Embree. 9. Isaac, b. 11th 
 mo. 30, 1799 ; d. 8th mo. 25, 1825 ; m. Susanna Payne. 
 10. Philip, b. 7th mo. 7, 1802; d. 6th mo. 16, 1870; m. 
 Matilda Greentree. 11. Rachel, b. 7th mo. 19, 1808; d. 
 9th mo. 25, 1808. 
 
 The one blank in the record of deaths another hand must 
 fill. The survivor leaves it for the posterity of his sisters 
 and brothers to continue the family narratives, as they may 
 be influenced by the sense of duty. He has had great sat- 
 isfaction in tracing their ancestry from their landing on our 
 Atlantic shore. In this sketch, and in the centennial 
 meeting of the family, he has given the starting-points 
 for others. His best wish is that they may have as much 
 pleasure in their work as he has had, and as good lives to 
 commemorate. His very earnest purpose and prayer have 
 been that the examples of Philip and Rachel Price shall be 
 kept before their descendants as long as they may continue 
 on this earth. (See " Memoir of Philip and Rachel Price, 
 and the Family Centennial Meeting in 1864," privately 
 printed, distributed, and for distribution among the de- 
 scendants.) 
 
 I now approach a great and painful crisis in the Society 
 of Friends in America, and that made a crisis in the lives 
 of those prominent in the concerns of the society. It 
 was the separation, that commenced in overt acts in 1827. 
 The fact was cause of great sorrow to the well-wishers of 
 the stability of order and the best good of general society. 
 Friends had been a ballast in the social order. The influ- 
 ence of Friends in the whole community was impaired. 
 They lost prestige and power ; they appeared not quite so 
 near perfection as was supposed ; they were seen to be yet 
 human. Partisan feeling became strong. Their strength 
 had been in unity: it was wasted now in contest. The 
 contestants receded towards opposing ends of an ancient 
 and expanded platform that embraced an orthodox faith, 
 as it is in the text of the New Testament, and an unprece- 
 dented spirituality of interpretation, worship, and divine 
 guidance. 1 would name no names for censure or praise ; 
 I have no privilege to be censor of the eminently good. 
 Deep sorrow for the fact of separation was now my abidin" 
 emotion. I was closely observant of the history as it trans- 
 pired; I read it in periodical publications; I have it in 
 many volumes, but have no wish even to open one of them 
 again. The testimony of witnesses professionally examined 
 by me swelled to volumes. It was round me everywhere 
 and always for years, but my feelings were not in it. To 
 me it seemed the rending of the fairest temple in history, 
 the loss of reverence for sacred things and persons, yet 
 both parties thought they were striving for sacred doctrines 
 and religious rights. 
 
 The controversy was doctrinal, yet there was mixed in it 
 a jealousy of the select bodies, whose members, by wei"-ht 
 of influence, had long shaped the proceedings of the meet- 
 ings to which all members of the society were freely 
 admitted. The select meetings that sat with closed doora 
 were the Meeting for Sufferings, that represented the Yearly 
 Meeting for all matters that affected the welfare of the 
 
BIOaRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 695 
 
 society for more than fifty-one weeks in the year, and the 
 Meetings of Ministers and Elders, that met in connection 
 with the Monthly, Quarterly, and Yearly Meetings. Of 
 both Philip and Eachel Price had long been members. 
 
 There had been unquestionably much preaching and 
 writing among members of the society that leaned towards 
 Unitarianism, and that tended to impair its ancient faith in 
 the full divinity of our Saviour ; and the Orthodox, in op- 
 posing innovations, seemed to recede too exclusively to a 
 dependence upon the outward history, the letter of the 
 Scriptures, and the vicarious office of Christ in the work of 
 human salvation. They were accused of irregularity of 
 proceeding, and the opposition was the more efiective as 
 the Orthodox were backed by English ministers, who little 
 regarded the American feeling of independence that was 
 naturally oifended by their foreign interference. 
 
 To understand the earnest leaders of each party we must 
 place ourselves in their respective positions, and, doing so, 
 we cannot fail to become more charitable in our judgment. 
 On the one hand, the Orthodox believed that their faith 
 in the divinity of our Saviour was assailed ; believed that 
 their Saviour, who died on the cross that mankind might 
 be saved, was shorn of his godhead, — a faith dearer to them 
 than life. On the other hand, the unorthodox apprehended 
 that the great distinguishing doctrine of the inward work of 
 Christ in the souls of men was to be largely replaced by a 
 relapse towards the orthodoxy of the churches out of which 
 their forefathers had come under great persecution and 
 suffering. 
 
 No discipline of the Yearly Meeting had provided for 
 the emergency of such a separation. The Orthodox pro- 
 ceeded to disown those they considered separatists, by indi- 
 vidual visitation, as offenders, — offenders who thought their 
 visitors the real offenders. That proceeding caused much 
 irritation. Such dealing was with little expectation of re- 
 clamation, and the visited felt that the form might have been 
 dispensed with by a few lines of discipline ordained by the 
 Orthodox Yearly Meeting. In this work of disownment the 
 kindly nature of Philip Price was severely tasked ; but it is 
 believed that he never lost a friend by the performance of 
 apprehended duty. Rachel Price took no part in the con- 
 troversy ; for years her ministry was much closed. She dwelt, 
 under great sorrow, in a Christian quietude and retirement, 
 — a result prompted alike by gospel conviction and mater- 
 nal feeling. Her children, who had remained Friends, 
 took either side about equally. She perceived no change 
 of faith in them nor in their Christian life, nor did they 
 themselves, or others, perceive them changed in doctrine. 
 The love of the parents for children, and of the children 
 for parents, was preserved during the lives of all; and 
 the survivor of them all, who here testifies to' the fact, 
 further avers that the memory of our parents has always 
 been held sacred and in tender regard by all their descend- 
 ants. 
 
 It is needed to explain to others than Friends that they 
 were constituted and held in unity as a religious society by 
 other ties and for other purposes, as well as to uphold cer- 
 tain religious doctrines. True, they could not be true 
 Friends without believing fully in the gospel as it is re- 
 corded in the New Testament, and that with gireater earnest- 
 
 ness and stricter practice than usually pervaded Christianity 
 since apostolic days. They had many reforms to make in 
 the world, purposes to be more Christ-like, to love their 
 fellow-beings more, and to enter into a closer religious 
 unity. Love was the badge of the discipleship of Christ, 
 and it was meant should be theirs. They eschewed all 
 heathen names, banished all worldly compliments, and re- 
 verted to an apostolic simplicity of dress, address, and 
 sincerity of manners. They swore not at all, for so bidden 
 by Christ; they put the highest value on life, and suffered 
 any consequence rather than take human life ; they bore an 
 incessant testimony against intemperance, war, and all 
 human wrong and oppression. Ten Friends, including 
 William Dilwyn, born in New Jersey, with two others, 
 formed a committee, who, drawing Clarkson and Wilber- 
 force to their aid, by thirty years' persistent labor destroyed 
 the African slave-trade by the English and other nations. 
 In 1688 the few Friends from the Rhine who settled Ger- 
 mantown started the proposal that the keeping of slaves was 
 unchristian. The superior meetings were not then pre- 
 pared to act. The small leaven worked on until about half 
 a century produced Benjamin Lay, John Woolman, and 
 Anthony Benczet ; and in less than another half-century 
 slavery was abolished among Friends. Our State, in 1780, 
 provided for emancipation, and the Northern States also 
 then and afterwards had become leavened ; and the con- 
 summation was Lincoln's proclamation of emancipation of 
 all slaves in 1862. And so from William Penn until this 
 day all Friends have been the persistent advocates for jus- 
 tice to the Indians. In all these regards and other humani- 
 tarian purposes there has never been division of sentiments 
 among them. What, then, should be the fervent prayer of 
 all good men but that all claiming the name of Friends 
 should be true standard-bearers of all the testimonies and 
 doctrines of ancient Friends, and give their lives to the like 
 domestic and social virtues and good works, private and 
 public. 
 
 Whilst I would inculcate toleration, charity, and kind- 
 ness, I would not wish to be understood as desiring to pal- 
 liate errors and the loss of influence for good, still less to 
 countenance any relapse from an earnest and true Christian 
 faith. All Friends are to be allowed abstinence from all 
 outward forms and ritualistic ceremonies without imputa- 
 tion of defective Christian faith, for this proceeds consist- 
 ently from their fuller spiritual apprehension of the Chris- 
 tian faith, and this most distinguished them from their 
 beginning. Their creed has always been the New Testa- 
 ment itself, read under the light of the Holy Spirit, given to 
 all men for their guidance. They accept the words of the 
 Scripture as the best outward means of transmitting 
 thought, but have also with them the Spirit that gave forth 
 the Scriptures, which is the witness within themselves to 
 enable them to understand the Scriptures and to become 
 real professors of the Christian faith ; and rightly followed 
 they will abide by the Scriptures as the best outward evi- 
 dence of truth, and will preserve from going astray by 
 speculation, and in moral conduct. (See Barclay's Apol- 
 ogy, Exposition III.) They adhere to the Scripture lan- 
 guage more closely than the orthodox churches. They 
 use not the terms "trinity," nor the three "persons" in 
 
696 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 the trinity, for they find them not in the New Testament ; 
 yet as fully as those churches believe in the Father, Son, 
 and Holy Ghost do they believe in them, but will not 
 fetter the teachings of the Holy Spirit more than is done 
 by the outward words necessarily used to transmit the his- 
 tory and faith of Christianity. 
 
 If permitted to one not a member, but all his long life 
 very familiar with the lives, conversation, preaching, and 
 writings of Friends, he would give his own intellectual ap- 
 prehension of this fundamental part of their faith. " God 
 is a Spirit ;" in Christ " dwelleth all the fullness of the 
 godhead bodily ;" " the Holy Ghost ;" all these words ex- 
 press God, who is a Spirit ; one God, one Holy Spirit, eter- 
 nal ; yet manifested differently unto men, yet never less than 
 God, who is a Spirit. The " word" " was in the beginning 
 with God ;" " the word was God ;" " the word was made 
 flesh and dwelt among us." " This is the true God and 
 eternal life." Jesus said, " I and my Father are one." 
 Thus one was the Father, the Son, and Holy Spirit. This 
 " God is love," who sent his only-begotten Son into the 
 world that we might live through him. " God dwelleth in 
 us, and his love is perfected in us ;" and Jesus said, " the 
 Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will 
 send in my name, he shall teach all things." " Which is 
 Christ within you, the hope of glory." " And we are in 
 him that is true, even his Son Jesus Christ." Now I have 
 apprehended that Friends have always held to the high 
 standard of such Scripture, and that when men have fallen 
 from such Scripture they have devised a creed or philoso- 
 phy in their own wisdom. If we believe that nature had 
 a cause, and that such cause transcended all matter, we 
 may well believe that that cause was mental, spiritual, and 
 able and willing to condescend to visit in love his creatures 
 in the ways he thought best, and that there is therein no 
 more puzzle or mystery involved than that God is, and 
 could create man and endow him with mind, thoughts, and 
 affections, in their best estate, kindred to his own, for he 
 is Almighty. Yet truly all is wonderful, and the manner 
 thereof above our comprehension. True Friends were never 
 Socinians. For these views no one but the writer is re- 
 sponsible. All they are worth is the truth that may be 
 found in them. 
 
 Philip and Rachel Price were by nature constitutionally 
 cheerful and of vigorous health. In religion they were 
 profound in sympathy with the sufferings and contumelies 
 endured by our Saviour, and ever had deepest sorrow for 
 the errors and sins of their fellow-beings. Their exercises 
 in worship were very solemn, and the plaintive and persua- 
 sive tones of our mother in her ministry showed how deeply 
 she was moved; how charitable towards human infirmity; 
 how she yearned to gather her hearers under the wing of a 
 divine protection. Yet in the consciousness of duty per- 
 formed they had precious consolations. In the visitations 
 of the Comforter had comfort beyond the power of human 
 expression. And most pleasant and refining was it to them 
 to cherish the religious fellowship of the good, and to re- 
 new the sweet memories of the righteous laborers and the 
 saintly martyrs who had gone before them to blessed 
 rewards. 
 
 The space allotted permits no further expansion of this 
 
 summary sketch. Other volumes privately printed for the 
 descendants of Philip and Rachel Price have fulfilled that 
 duty. Chester County has a precious history in the lives 
 of a host of Friends who have lived and died within her 
 boundaries ; many, very many, without a record to preserve 
 their memory; yet it is to be hoped that the names of 
 many will be found in " The History of Chester County," 
 and a clear gain it will be to humanity and religion. 
 
 Philip Price died 2d month 26, 1837 ; Rachel Price, 
 8th month 6, 1847 ; both in their residence on Union 
 Street, West Chester, and their remains were placed next 
 each other in the old burial-ground at Birmingham, the 
 place marked by a cedar planted by their son and head- 
 stones now permitted to appear a little above the surface. 
 
 There, in sacred seclusion, rest their remains ; there, 
 where the war once raged, the cannon roared, and the 
 mingled blood of foes stained the soil ; there where, since 
 the conflict, the spirit of peace has dwelt for more than a 
 century ; there the solitary bird now broods undisturbed in 
 branches that shade their graves ; there sits the plaintive 
 dove, emblem of innocence and of their lives ; symbol of 
 the Holy Spirit, type of the Church of Christ, and of the 
 soul's resurrection. 
 
 Eli K. Price.* — Every branch of the ancestry of Eli 
 K. Price is traced through the blood of Friends to the 
 settlers of Pennsylvania who came over with William Penn, 
 chiefly from Wales and England, but partly from Ulster, in 
 Ireland, and the Palatinate of tlie Rhine, whence came the 
 first settlers of Germantown. He is the son of Philip and 
 Rachel Price, of Chester County, and was born at a spot 
 within view of Brandywine battle-ground, on the 20th day 
 of July, 1797. His early education was obtained at 
 Friends' Westtown School, in that county. His business 
 training was in the shipping-house of Thomas P. Cope, and 
 as a student of law with John Sergeant, Esq., he laid the 
 foundation for a course of study which he has continu- 
 ously pursued since his admission to the Philadelphia bar, 
 on the 28th day of May, 1822. While in the counting- 
 house he thoroughly familiarized himself with shipping 
 and commercial law, and afterwards grappled with the 
 harder law of real estate. It was in the latter that the 
 public have most made their demands on his services. He 
 has served the people of Philadelphia in the State revenue 
 boards of 1845 and 1848 ; in the State Senate, 1854, '55, 
 '56 ; and for the past fourteen years as commissioner of 
 Fairmount Park. 
 
 About 1844, the year of our " Native American" riots, 
 disastrous in fires and bloodshed, it became obvious to 
 many independent and public-spirited citizens that radical 
 remedies were needed for the agglomeration of our muni- 
 cipal corporations, seldom in accord and frequently hostile. 
 Philadelphia was not then a name that represented the 
 strength and power of a great metropolis, neither for her 
 own progress nor in her comparison with sister-cities. 
 Composed of narrow sectional divisions, which acted not in 
 their united strength, but with their power neutralized by 
 want of concert and jealous hostilities, with contiguous 
 boundary lines, criminals escaped pursuit, and volunteer 
 
 » Prepared by Wm. E. DuBoia, assiaed by J. S. Price as to legal 
 miittera. 
 
o^/ 
 
 ^^ <f^^y.^^v 
 
X)J.V\jrJ.li.IXl. XXXV^^LOJ XXXI.1^ VJI.UXlXJJ^l.XJVy\JIX\^.£XJJ. 
 
 fire companies fought the battles of their sectional hostili- 
 ties in our streets with deadly missiles and firearms, and 
 conflagrations were even lighted for the entertainment of 
 firemen visitors. We could consummate no great internal 
 improvements, could make no great water-works, nor 
 create a Fairmount Park, owing to the jealous fear of some 
 part acquiring local advantages over others. No political 
 party dared to assume the responsibility of coping with a 
 task so formidable as to combine the heterogeneous ele- 
 ments, and to impress the strength of all into harmonious 
 action demanded for the general good. To meet these great 
 wants Mr. Price was sent to the Senate for three years, 
 and Matthias W. Baldwin and William C. Patterson to the 
 House of Representatives for one year, to provide an ade- 
 quate remedy, and the three were elected over the regular 
 candidates of both political parties. 
 
 The result was the new charter for the city of Feb. 2, 
 1854, called the " Consolidation Act," which united about 
 a dozen corporations, including the county of Philadelphia, 
 of 122 square miles; and the further consequences have 
 been that a population of nearly a million people has since 
 acted jn the strength of its unanimity ; has advanced 
 largely, even through a period of great manufacturing and 
 commercial prostration, its trade, transporting power, and 
 financial stability ; has approximated towards a great sys- 
 tem of water supply ; a police force was maintained here in 
 July, 1877, that prevented a worse destruction than that 
 of the Pittsburgh riots, with a Park unsurpassed in area 
 and beauty, wherein the Centennial International Ex- 
 hibition was held. The history of the consolidation was 
 written and published by Mr. Price in 1873, containing 
 137 pages, dedicated to our venerated citizen, Horace Bin- 
 ney, whose father, Dr. Barnabas Binney, like Franklin, 
 came to us from Massachusetts. The valued conservatism 
 of Mr. Binney, after long experience and much reflection, 
 yielded to the judgment of the necessity of the great mu- 
 nicipal change. 
 
 More than a year before Mr. Price went to the Senate he 
 had, at the request of Governor Bigler, prepared a bill for 
 an act entitled " An act relating to the sale and conveyance 
 of real estate," with the following preamble, " Whereas, 
 The general welfare requires that real estate should be freely 
 alienable, and be made productive to the owners thereof," 
 and " Whereas, In matters which the judiciary is compe- 
 tent to hear and decide it is expedient that the courts should 
 adjudicate them after a full hearing of all parties, rather 
 than that they should be determined by special legislative 
 acts upon an eoi-parte hearing." The evils had been that 
 real estate was extensively bound by trusts that made vacant 
 ground and dilapidated buildings inalienable in title, which 
 kept it out of the market and unproductive and unimprov- 
 able by the owners or purchasers, without a special act of 
 Assembly, and in some instances such act would not avail. 
 The courts for remedy were enabled to make decrees to 
 sell, lease, mortgage, and convey on ground-rent, or to en- 
 able the trustees to build, and the reservation of rents and 
 the purchase moneys were substituted, with security, for the 
 land sold on the limitations of the original trusts. Thus 
 the present generation got a better living without loss to 
 the succeeding owners of the trust property ; the dilapida- 
 88 
 
 tions, like those that tell of long chancery suits in England, 
 have disappeared ; our city has been improved and beauti- 
 fied and business accommodated; the public revenue by 
 taxes is increased, and unfettered titles are carried into the 
 world's commerce for the most profitable uses ; purchasers 
 holding titles already adjudicated are purged of legal ques- 
 tions. The act has been in force since April 18, 1853, and 
 is popularly called the " Price Act." Its beneficence has 
 been often judicially acknowledged. 
 
 In 1874, Mr Price published a treatise on " The Act 
 for the sale of Real Estate," containing 193 pages, as a 
 " reading" thereon, embracing the reasons for and the de- 
 cisions upon the act. 
 
 In the session of 1855 " an act was prepared by him re- 
 lating to corporations, and to estates held for corporate, re- 
 ligious, and charitable uses," which became a law on the 
 25th of April. Its enactments indicate the evils to be 
 remedied. The holding of subordinate offices by corpora- 
 tors is declared incompatible, and to be surety for such is 
 forbidden, or to be interested in the corporate contracts, 
 and to receive gratuities is declared illegal, and is met with 
 penalties. Shares in corporations are declared personalty, 
 the annual income and estates held limited ; the manner of 
 holding property for religious purposes is regulated ; dispo- 
 sitions of property for charitable and religious uses are not 
 to be lost by the death, etc., of the trustee, but a trustee is 
 to be supplied and to exercise the discretion given, and if 
 the object ceases, a kindred one is to be selected ; and dis- 
 positions to charity and religion are required to be made a 
 calendar month before death. — P. L. 328. 
 
 On the 28th of April, 1855, an act prepared by Mr. 
 Price was passed entitled " An act to amend certain defects 
 of the law for the more just and safe transmission and 
 more secure enjoyment of real and personal estate." Es- 
 tates in fee tail are to be taken in fee ; intestate estates are 
 to reach grandchildren of brothers and sisters, and children 
 of uncles and aunts, and by representation of their parents ; 
 partitions may be made by three or more commissioners ; in 
 litigations as to realty, title out of the commonwealth is to be 
 presumed after thirty years' possession ; after title had been 
 held for twenty-one years by a purchaser from a corpora- 
 tion who had held it defeasible by the commonwealth the 
 latter is barred; ground-rents, annuities, or other charges 
 upon real estate unclaimed for twenty-one years are barred ; 
 lessees are enabled to mortgage their leasehold. — P. L. 368. 
 
 On the 10th of May, 1855, an act prepared by Mr. 
 Price was passed " relating to certain duties and rights of 
 husband and wife, and parents and children." This act 
 sprung from feelings often awakened in professional prac- 
 tice by observing how deplorably helpless is the condition 
 of virtuous wives with spendthrift husbands, who, while 
 possessed of the desire and ability to provide respectably 
 for themselves and children, were unable to do so. Though 
 a dronish and drinking husband might or might not per- 
 sonally meddle and thwart her eff'orts, the store goods in 
 her shop and furniture might always be seized for his debts 
 and his family cast out, though that debt were incurred for 
 the drink that crazed and unmanned him. The act enabled 
 the wife to become a femwie soh trader ; to own her own 
 earnings and dispose of her property while living, and when 
 
698 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 dying, without his interference, and if she die intestate, it 
 enabled her next of kin to take it. If by drunkenness, 
 profligacy, or other cause he shall neglect or refuse to pro- 
 vide for his child or children, the mother shall have all the 
 rights of the father and perform his duties; may place the 
 children at employment and receive their earnings, or bind 
 them to apprenticeship, without the interference of such a 
 husband, in the same manner as the father can now do by 
 law ; but if the mother be of unsuitable character, the court 
 is to appoint a guardian of such children with like powers. 
 A husband guilty of such conduct for a year preceding his 
 wife's death forfeits all right to her estate, and also the 
 right to appoint a testamentary guardian of his children. 
 Persons are enabled by judicial decree to adopt children, 
 and give them the rights of lawful children, binding them- 
 selves to the duties of parents. — P. L. 430. This law of 
 humanity is probably an advance on the statute-book of any 
 civilized nation, and was necessary, as these protections were 
 not covered by our act of 1848, passed to secure to married 
 women their own property. Mr. Price had passed in 1856 
 (P. L. 315) sections enabling a deserted or unsupported 
 wife, or one divorced from bed and board, to protect her 
 reputation by action of slander and libel, and to sue for her 
 earnings and property, and to receipt for and give refund- 
 ing bonds for legacies and shares of decedents' estates. 
 
 On the 22d of April, 1856, he prepared, and while in 
 the Senate procured to be passed, " an act for the greater 
 security of title and more secure enjoyment of real estate,'' 
 which cut off all the exceptions to land limitations of 
 twenty-one years after thirty years ; requiring all eject- 
 ments for land to be indexed, to give notice to purchasers 
 and mortgagees also of liens acquired by levies on real es- 
 tates ; all trusts to be manifested by writing, except they 
 arise by implication ; specific performance, etc., is required 
 to be demanded in five years ; wills probated to stand un- 
 less objected to within five years, surviving executors and 
 administrators to exercise testamentary powers of sale ; 
 subrogation to liens are regulated ; and in partition the 
 highest bidder is to have choice of shares. — P. L. 532. 
 He also drew the act of 1859, which requires action within 
 a year after entry made on land to stop the running of the 
 statute of limitations in favor of the possessor, and to bar 
 the remainder after tenant in tail is barred. — P. L. 603. 
 
 In 1857 he published the " Law of Limitations and 
 Liens against Real Estate," pp. 392. He was also the 
 author of many acts of municipal legislation, passed with a 
 view to the health, comfort, and security of the citizens of 
 Philadelphia; among others, that no street or alley is 
 ever to be laid out of a less width than twenty-five feet. 
 If any house now standing on a street narrower than that 
 shall be taken down, the owner, in rebuilding, must set it 
 back to that regulation. Every new house shall have a 
 curtilage of at least 144 square feet of open space. There 
 must be a parapet wall of brick or stone between the roofs 
 of all houses, extending through the cornices, to prevent 
 the spread of fire. A board of building inspectors was 
 also created, to see that all buildings are safely erected and 
 in accordance with the strict requirements of law. A 
 board of revision of taxes was established to compel 
 equality of valuation for taxation, and to supervise all as^ 
 
 sessments of property. A survey department, to lay out 
 plans for streets, culverts, etc., was also created, to which 
 was attached a registry bureau, in which must be registered 
 every deed or conveyance of real estate before it can be re- 
 corded, with a plan of the premises conveyed, so that no 
 property shall escape taxation. And if there be conflict of 
 claim of title, it can be promptly known, as no careful con- 
 veyancer passes any title without a certificate of search. 
 He also prepared most of the sections of the Park Act of 
 1868. 
 
 Mr. Price was an earnest advocate for the centennial 
 international celebration from the first movement towards 
 it. Before the United States Commissioners, the Board of 
 Finance, and the representatives of the City Councils and 
 the Park Commissioners, early in 1873, he found great de- 
 spondency to prevail, and spoke earnestly and effectively to 
 infuse hope and courage. At their request he went with 
 their deputation to Harrisburg, and there addressed the 
 members of both Houses of the Legislature ; and on his 
 return he, with others, addressed a town-meeting in Inde- 
 pendence Square. The needed legislation and appropriations 
 were made by State and city. 
 
 In his eighty-fourth year, Mr. Price is yet giving opin- 
 ions on titles, acting as a Fairmount Park Commissioner, 
 trustee of the University of Pennsylvania, etc. 
 
 He has for many years been an active member of the 
 American Philosophical Society, and is now one of its vice- 
 presidents. Its published proceedings bear abundant record 
 of his labors in behalf of science, and in " the promotion 
 of useful knowledge." Among his works in this field are 
 the following treatises : 
 
 1. "The Trial by Jury," written in 1863. 
 
 2. " The Family as an Element of Government," in 1864. 
 These two discourses were published as pamphlets in the 
 same year. In concluding the latter he tersely apologizes 
 for bringing it before the Philosophical Society by saying, 
 " Truly there is a philosophy that transcends and compre- 
 hends all other philosophies, the philosophy that teaches 
 man how to live and how to die." 
 
 3. 4. " Some Phases of Modern Philosophy," written in 
 1872. Two discourses. The scope and aim of which may 
 be imagined from one initial sentence, " I am a brother to 
 dragons and a companion to owls. So Job was constrained 
 to say in the hour of his great aflBictions ; so others now 
 say, induced only by speculative philosophy." The philos- 
 ophy of Darwin and Huxley is therein thoroughly ex- 
 amined and refuted. 
 
 5. " The Glacial Epochs," 1876. 
 
 6. "Sylviculture," 1877. 
 
 But to many minds nothing which he has written can 
 surpass in interest two volumes which were printed for pri- 
 vate circulation. One was a memoir of a rare and excellent 
 couple, his own father and mother, Philip and Rachel Price, 
 of Chester County ; the other gave the life and death of a 
 daughter, not less attractive in character. The latter es- 
 pecially, contains some thrilling experiences. Both 'are 
 written with a singular judgment and delicacy, warmed, but 
 not colored, by an intense and well-deserved affection. In 
 fitness of expression they are models of composition. 
 
 It is much to be desired that these family memorials were 
 
BlUUKAFHiUAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 699 
 
 more abundant. Written by intelligent minds and prac- 
 ticed hands, with enough of incident to relieve from dull- 
 ness, they would form a legacy to coming generations more 
 and more valued as time pas.sed along, far more interesting 
 and durable than the short record of a tombstone. 
 
 Benjamin Price, son of Philip and Rachel Price, was 
 born in East Bradford, 12th mo. 17, 1793. His school 
 education was received at Birmingham, under John For- 
 Bythe and Ennion Cook, and at Westtown School, complet- 
 ing his course at the academy of Enoch Lewis, in New 
 Garden. His tastes led him to adopt farming as his occu- 
 pation, and in this he became prominent for his progressive 
 spirit. He was among the first to practice underdraining 
 extensively ; also to plant the Virginia thorn for hedges, 
 and to use the mowing-machine, which he did as early as 
 1830. 
 
 In 1817 he was married to Jane, daughter of Jacob 
 Paxson, of Abington, Montgomery Co. They settled upon 
 the farm lying west of that upon which his father lived, 
 and which is now (1881) held by the children of Mary 
 Mitchell, nie Elwyn. In 18-11 they disposed of the 
 southern part of the farm to their eldest son, Paxson, and 
 erecting buildings upon the northern part, opened " Pros- 
 pect Hill Boarding-School for Boys."' This continued in 
 operation until the spring of 1847. In 1852 they sold 
 the residue of the farm to their son Jacob, and two years 
 afterwards removed to the home of their son Paxson, near 
 Parkerville. In 1865 they came to live with their son 
 Jacob, in West Chester, where they remained till the 
 close of life. The death of Benjamin occurred on the 15tli 
 of 1st mo., 1871, and that of Jane on the 9th of 5th mo., 
 1876. 
 
 In reviewing the life-work of Benjamin Price, we are led 
 to remark the faithfulness and conscientiousness with which 
 he discharged every duty that came to him. As a husband, 
 he was unremitting in devotion and kindness ; as a parent, 
 indulgent, yet steady in discipline ; as a neighbol* and citi- 
 zen, kind and public-spirited ; as a farmer, skillful and 
 progressive ; and as a member of the Society of Friends, 
 zealous and exemplary. He held the position of elder for 
 about fifty years, traveled extensively with ministers of the 
 society, and for several years filled most satisfactorily the 
 difficult and important position of clerk of the Yearly Meet- 
 ing. During the latter part of his life he spoke frequently 
 in the meetings for worship. Of the peace and anti-slavery 
 movements he was an efficient friend. He was active in 
 assisting fugitive slaves, and his house was for a long while 
 an important post in the " Underground Railway." 
 
 Jane Price was most of her life an approved minister, 
 and traveled extensively in that capacity. At the division 
 of the society, in 1827, they remained with that portion 
 of the society denominated " Hicksite," a term which it is 
 well known the society never acknowledged. They had five 
 children to grow to adult life,. viz. : Paxson, married to 
 Jane J., daughter of Halliday Jackson ; they now reside 
 at, Cheyney, Delaware Co., Pa. Mary S., married to Josiah 
 Wilson, of Hockessin, Del. ; they now live at Kirkwood, 
 Mo. Isaiah, married to Lydia, daughter of Jacob Heald, 
 of Hockessin, Del. ; he is a graduate of the Philadelphia 
 College of Dental Surgery, and is practicing his profession 
 
 at No. 1112 Arch Street, Philadelphia. In the suppres- 
 sion of the Rebellion he took an active part, of which men- 
 tion has already been made (p. 138). 
 
 The third son, Philip, spent eight years of his early 
 adult life in California. He was one of the first to enlist 
 in the war, and served through all the hard work that fell 
 upon the Pennsylvania Reserves. He left the service with 
 impaired health upon the discharge of his regiment. He 
 entered a private and passed the various promotions to the 
 first lieutenancy. He married Ellen M., daughter of 
 Charles Satterthwait, of Crosswicks, N. J. They now 
 live at El Moro, Colorado. 
 
 Jacob (the youngest child of Benjamin and Jane Price 
 that lived to adult life) engaged in the study of medicine, 
 graduating at the Jefferson Medical College, class of 1850. 
 He located for the practice of his profession in West Chester 
 in the fall of the same year, and the following year was 
 married to Rachel L., daughter of Philip D. Thomas, then 
 of Philadelphia. They have lived continuously in West 
 Chester, and the doctor is still actively devoted to his pro- 
 fessional work. 
 
 PUGH, John, with Jane, his wife, supposed from 
 Wales, were among the early residents of East Nottingham ; 
 where John died, 4, 24, 1760. Their children, so far as 
 known, were, — 1. Mary, m. 10, 11, 1735, to John Barrett. 
 2. William, m. 2, 8, 1742, to Mary Brown, daughter of 
 Messer and Jane Brown, of East Nottingham ; second mar- 
 riage, 3, 13, 1755, to Sarah Chandler, daughter of Jacob ; 
 she died 7,27, 1756: third wife. Patience Casner. 3. 
 John, m. 8, 7, 1742, Sarah Littler, daughter of Samuel and 
 Rachel, b. 6, 24, 1721 ; d. 6, 2, 1743, leaving one child. 
 John died 7, 28, 1790, aged over seventy-two years. He 
 married second, 6, 1, 1769, Hannah Bennett, who died 
 
 1, 26, 1818. 4. Sarah, m. 9, 10, 1743, to William White. 
 5. Jane, m. 9, 21, 1751, to John Brown. 
 
 William (2) was residing in Londongrove in 1771. 
 His children were Jean, Dinah, John, Jesse, Mary, and 
 William. ' John was born 6, 9, 1747, and married, 5, 9, 
 1771, Rachel Barrett, daughter of Thomas and Hannah, of 
 East Nottingham. Issue. — 12. Jesse, b. 3, 1, 1772, d. 
 10, 16, 1847 ; 13. Thomas, b. 11, 17, 1773 ; 14. William, b. 
 12, 4, 1775 ; 15. John, b. 10, 11, 1778; 16. Mary, b. 2, 
 16, 1781, m. Jacob Cope; 17. Hannah, b. 2, 16, 1781, m. 
 William Howell; 18. Ellis, b. 2, 25, 1785; 19. David, b. 
 9, 8, 1788. 
 
 Jesse Pugh (12) married, 3, 19, 1795, Elizabeth Hud- 
 son, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth, of East Nottingham. 
 She died 7, 18, 1825. Their children were Rachel, Lewis, 
 Amos, Rachel, Adrianna, Reece, Evan, Abner, Elizabeth, 
 and Mary W. Pugh. 
 
 Lewis Pugh, eldest son, born 12, 4, 1796, died 7, 20, 
 1840, married, 9, 12, 1822, Mary Hutton, born 9, 8, 1797, 
 daughter of Hiett Button and Sarah, his wife, daughter of 
 Joshua and Hannah (Chandler) Pugh, and granddaughter 
 of John (3) and Sarah Pugh. Their children were Re- 
 becca, b. 6, 30, 1823, d. 7, 1, 1823; Susanna, b. 10, 11, 
 1824 ; Elizabeth, b. 4, 12, 1826, d. 7, 10, 1847 ; Evan, b. 
 
 2, 29, 1828, d. 4, 29, 1864 ; Enoch, b. 2, 2, 1830 ; Johq 
 L., b. 3, 2, 1832, d. 11, 15, 1834. 
 
 Evan Pugh, Ph.D., F.C.S.. was born at Jordan Bankj 
 
700 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 in East Nottingham township, Chester Co., Feb. 29, 1828. 
 He was of Welsh descent, and of the fifih generation from 
 the emigrant ancestor, John Pugh, from whom both his 
 parents were descended. He was born on a tract of land 
 which had been taken up by the emigrant, a portion of 
 which had always remained in the family. 
 
 At the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to learn the 
 trade of a blacksmith, but his mind being of a literary and 
 scientific turn, he was released from his indentures at the 
 end of two years, and repaired to the Manual Labor School, 
 at Whitestown, N. Y. After spending some time there he 
 returned home and taught a district school for one winter, 
 and then, about 1850, established a boarding- and day-school 
 two miles south of Oxford, which he named the Jordan 
 Bank Seminary. He was a very popular teacher, and his 
 school was quite prosperous. 
 
 not only in settling satisfactorily the points in dispute, but 
 in demonstrating that he possessed a rare degree of talent 
 in handling scientific questions. While engaged in these 
 investigations he prepared valuable papers, which were read 
 before the British Association for the Advancement of 
 Science, and which procured for him an election as a Fellow 
 of the Chemical Society of England. 
 
 Although Mr. Lawes was anxious to retain Dr. Pugh in 
 his laboratory at a handsome remuneration, and notwith- 
 standing the latter was passionately fond of scientific re- 
 search, he returned home in the autumn of 1859, after an 
 absence of six years, and assumed the presidency of the 
 Farmers' High School, near Bellefonte, Pa., the name of 
 which was afterwards changed to that of the Agricultural 
 College of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Dr. Pugh entered upon his new duties with characteristic 
 
 DR. EVAN PUGH. 
 
 In the autumn of 1853 he gave up his school and went 
 to Europe, where he spent four years in the Universities of 
 Leipsic, Gbttingen, Heidelberg, and in Paris, a most dili- 
 gent and successful student of natural and mathematical 
 science, and especially of practical chemistry. At Gbttin- 
 gen he honorably sustained the examination for the degree 
 of Doctor of Philosophy, which was conferred upon him. 
 From the outset his mind had been attracted towards agri- 
 cultural science, and his studies shaped themselves more 
 and more towards his future career. 
 
 Early in the year 1857 he entered upon a series of in- 
 vestigations in the laboratory of J. B. Lawes, the well- 
 known agricultural chemist of Jlngland, at his estate of 
 Rothamstead, near London. He spent two years there 
 devoted to the solutions of questions upon which the 
 celebrated chemists Boussingault and Villo, of the French 
 Academy, were at issue, and succeeded by his experiments 
 
 energy and intelligence. He had visited and carefully 
 studied the chief agricultural academies and schools of 
 Europe, and his idea of what an American agricultural 
 college should be was as definite as it was comprehensive 
 and just. For over five years he labored untiringly in es- 
 tablishing the college on a broad and enduring basis, secur- 
 ing funds, planning and superintending the erection of 
 buildings, besides taking the general guidance of the insti- 
 tution, and giving instruction in scientific agriculture, 
 chemistry, mineralogy, and geology. 
 
 In the midst of his heavy duties and still heavier cares, 
 he continued vigorous and with every promise of long use- 
 fulness. During the summer of 1863, however, while re- 
 turning from a business trip by night, he was thrown over 
 an embankment, and received injuries from which he never 
 fully recovered. On the 23d of April following he lectured 
 before the senior class, and then endeavored to complete a 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 701 
 
 communication which he was preparing to lay before the 
 Legislature. The hand of death, however, was upon him ; 
 his pen ceased in the midst of an unfinished sentence, and 
 was laid aside never to be resumed. He died six days 
 thereafter, on April 29, 1864, at the age of thirty-six years 
 and two months. 
 
 Dr. Pugh was gifted with a mind of unusual vigor and 
 clearness, enriched by ripe scholarship and varied culture, 
 and he united to these a temper so genial, so fearless, and so 
 just, and a judgment so mature, as to combine in rare meas- 
 ure the talent of felicitous instruction with that of success- 
 ful administration. He was distinguished in a remarkable 
 degree for the most high-toned purity and rectitude in 
 thought, word, and deed. The Agricultural College of 
 Pennsylvania — the first institution of the kind established 
 in this country — was attaining a high degree of success and 
 usefulness, as a result of the rare combination of scientific 
 and practical knowledge with administrative ability and 
 energy which characterized its president. 
 
 Dr. Pugh was married Feb. 4, 1864, to Rebecca Valen- 
 tine, of Bellefonte, who survives him. He left no descend- 
 ants. A list of his published works will be found in the 
 chapter on Bibliography, in this volume. 
 
 Dr. J. Howard Pugh Ls a great-grandson of Rich- 
 ard Barnard (3), and son of Elijah and Lettice (Barnard) 
 Pugh. He was born at Unionville, and is now living at 
 Burlington, N. J. He is a practicing physician, and presi-' 
 dent of Mechanics' National Bank at that place. Although 
 an ardent Republican, he has represented in Congress the 
 Democratic district in which he resides. lie is a first 
 cousin of Joseph B. and John B. Phillips, already men- 
 tioned. 
 
 Joseph Barnard Pdgh, Esq., a brother of Dr. J. 
 Howard Pugh, above mentioned, died at his residence, Port 
 Deposit, Md., in 1877, aged about forty-nine years. He 
 was born in Unionville, Chester Co., Pa., and was educated 
 for and admitted to the bar in Philadelphia. He settled at 
 Port Deposit in 1857, and established, in connection with 
 Mr. James Davis, under the firm-name of Davis & Pugh, 
 an extensive lumber and forwarding business. In 1864 he 
 entered political life, and was elected a member of the 
 Maryland State Reform Constitutional Convention. He was 
 chairman of the Maryland Republican State Central Com- 
 mittee from 1873 to 1875, and was eminent for his ability 
 and eloquence as an orator. He was buried in the Friends' 
 burial-ground at West Chester. 
 
 PUSEy, Caleb, with his wife, Ann, and daughter of 
 the same name, emigrated in 1682.- By trade he was a 
 last-maker. Perhaps no one among the early immigrants 
 to Pennsylvania was better qualified to contend with the 
 difficulties incident to the first settlement of a new country 
 than Caleb Pusey. His place of residence, within the 
 limits of this county, was at " the Chester Mills." In the 
 establishment of these mills, and in the conducting of them 
 many years afterwards, he was the active partner and mas- 
 ter-spirit. It required more than ordinary energy to con- 
 tend with the repeated misfortunes attendant on the first 
 erection of this early improvement. Mill after mill was 
 swept away by the flood, but the indomitable energy of 
 Pusey was not overcome, and at length his efibrts were 
 
 crowned with success. But his whole time was not occu- 
 pied with his private concerns. Much was devoted to civil 
 affairs and to his religious duties. We find him " taking 
 his turn" as a township officer, and serving as a juror ; in 
 laying out roads and negotiating with the Indians ; in per- 
 forming the duties of sheriff, and acting as a justice of the 
 County Court ; as a member of the Provincial Assembly, 
 and at length of the Executive Council. To religious 
 matters he was equally attentive. His name constantly 
 appears in the minutes of the Society of Friends among 
 those who were most active in settling difficulties and in 
 promoting deeds of benevolence. He frequently appeared 
 in the ministry, and sometimes employed his pen in the 
 defense of the doctrines of his sect. His reply to one 
 Daniel Leeds was liberally subscribed for by the meetings. 
 He was a firm man and of the strictest integrity, and 
 though an intimate friend of the celebrated George Keith, 
 when that gentleman chose to attack what was regarded by 
 Caleb Pusey as true Quaker doctrine, he did not hesitate 
 to sustain the testimony that was pronounced against him. 
 It was from Caleb Pusey that Smith, the early historian of 
 Pennsylvania, obtained much of the material from which 
 his work was composed. 
 
 His daughter Ann died in the 12th month, 1682, but 
 another, of the same name, born 1, 12, 1684-5, was mar- 
 ried, 1, 5, 1706-7, to John Smith, who settled in Marl- 
 borough. Another daughter^ Lydia, born 7, 4, 1689, was 
 married the same day as her sister, to George Painter. 
 About the year 1717, Caleb and his wife removed to Marl- 
 borough, where she died 12, 5, 1725-6, and he 12, 25, 
 1726-7, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. He left no 
 sons. 
 
 John Pusey, a resident of London, whose wife's name 
 was Frances, purchased land in Pennsylvania, but never 
 came over to reside upon it. He is supposed to have been 
 a brother of Caleb Pusey, and the father of the following : 
 
 William and Caleb Pusey when young men appear 
 to have resided with Caleb Pusey, Sr., at Chester, and were 
 doubtless employed in the mill. William married, 9, 5, 
 1707, Elizabethj daughter of John and Frances Bowater, 
 and in 1715 removed to Londongrove, where he afterwards 
 erected a mill. His children were John, b. 5, 16, 1708, 
 d. 4, 17, 1766, ra. Katharine Maris; William, b. 1, 5, 
 1710-11, m. Mary Passmore; Lydia, b. 6, 16, 1713, m. 
 John Baily; Joshua, b. 11, 9, 1714, d. 8, 16, 1760, m. 
 Mary Lewis; Elizabeth, b. 11, 14, 1716, m. John Bald- 
 win; Jane, b. 10, 2, 1719, m. Nathaniel Pcnnock ; Mary, 
 m. 9, 25, 1742, to Joseph Dixson ; Hannah, m. 7,5, 1750, 
 to George Carson. 
 
 Caleb Pusey, Jr., married 9, 5, 1712, Prudence, daughter 
 of Robert and Lydia Carter, and about 1714 removed to 
 Marlborough, where he died 4, 14, 1756. His children 
 
 were Caleb, b. 9, 30, 1713, m. Margaret , and left 
 
 four children,— Robert, b. 10, 16, 1715; Thomas, b. 6, 
 24, 1818, m. Mary Swayne; Margaret, b. 8, 16, 1720, m. 
 John Parry; Ann, b. 4, 2, 1723, m. William Swayne; 
 David, b. 4, 19, 1726, m. Sarah Dixson. The Puseys were 
 doubtless the builders of more mills in Chester County than 
 any other family. 
 
 PYLE. — The first document recorded in our oldest deed-* 
 
HISTOKY OP CHESTEB COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 is a power of attorney from Robert Pyle, " of Stan- 
 Barnard, in the county of Wilts, yeoman," to Robert 
 , Jr., and Nicholas Pyle, of Pennsylvania, dated Aug. 
 .688. The latter were probably sons of the former, 
 they had a brother Ralph, who was also among the 
 
 settlers. 
 
 3BERT Pyle, of Horton, in the parish of Bishops 
 ling, Wiltshire, England, maltster, was married to Ann, 
 laughter of William Stovey, of Hilperton, in the same 
 ty, yeoman, the 16th of 9th mo. (November), 1681. 
 exact time of the migration of this young couple to 
 rica is' not known, but we find them settled in Bethel 
 irly as 1684. They were both in membership with 
 ids, but Robert was by no means a nominal member. 
 f gatherings of the Chichester Meeting were sometimes 
 at his house, and in 1706 he was one of a committee 
 tablish a meeting at Nottingham. In civil affairs also 
 as frequently called upon to take a part. He was a 
 isentative in the Provincial Assembly several years,, and 
 served a long time as one of the justices of the County 
 ■t. His children were Sarah, b. 11, 27, 1682, d. 12, 
 L706, m. John Vernon; Robert, b. 7, 17, 1684, m. 
 ibeth Swaffer, 1709; William, b. 11, 26, 1685, m. 
 e Bennett, 1707; John, b. 6, 8, 1687, m. Lydia 
 nas and Susanna Chamberlin ; Mary, b. 11, 13, 1688, 
 'homas Moore, 1713; Jacob, b. 1, 5, 1691, m. Alice 
 ater, 1713; Joseph, b. 11, 5, 1692, d. 1754, m. Sarah 
 ;s in 1715, and Sarah (Pennell) Gibbons in 1732 ; Dan- 
 I. 5, 29, 1694, m. Mary Chamberlin in 1717, and Mary 
 lell in 1727. 
 
 obert Pyle married, in 1725, a widow, Dorothy Turner, 
 died in Bethel in 1730. 
 
 aac Pyle, son of William and Olive, married Elizabeth 
 ington, and settled in Marlborough, where he died 11, 
 r94. His cousin Moses, son of John and Lydia, mar- 
 
 her sister, Mary Darlington, and settled in Newlin. 
 y, daughter of John and Susanna, married Benjamin 
 ;o, 9, 29, 1753. 
 
 jseph Pyle, son of Joseph and Sarah, of Concord, 
 ■led, 9, 20, 1753, Alice, daughter of James Smith, of 
 peter, Lancaster County, and settled in West Marlbor- 
 1, near Londongrove Meeting. His children were as 
 ws: Alice, b. 11, 21, 1754, d. 2, 6, 1822, m. Thomas 
 dnson ; Joseph, b. 7, 17, 1756, d. 5, 15, 1788 ; Sarah, 
 , 2, 1758, d. 12, 25, 1834, m. Allen Chandler; Rachel, 
 1, 9, 1760, d. 11, 22, 1763; Ann, b. 11, 24, 1762, d. 
 mo., 1801, m. Levi Baker; James, b. 3, 22, 1765, d. 
 10., 1846, m. Mary Bunnell ; Betty, b. 4, 19, 1767, m. 
 1 Thompson ; Rachel, b. 3, 14, 1769, d. 12, 31, 1774; 
 I, b. 12, 13, 1771, d. 3, 1-2. 1809, m. Jehu John ; 
 jrt, b. 4, 22, 1774, d. 2, 22, 1859, m. Hannah Clark ; 
 :h, b. 3, 8, 1776, d. 5, 21, 1801 ; Susanna, b. 2, 6, 
 », d. 5lh mo., 1818. 
 
 ba Pyle, son of Job, and grandson of Isaac and Eliza- 
 (Darlington) Pyle, was born in Londongrove township, 
 ter Co., Nov. 1, 1785. He read law with the Hon. 
 ph Hemphill, afterwards judge of the District Court 
 diladelphia, and was first admitted to the Philadelphia 
 ind after practicing there for a time removed to West 
 ter, and was admitted to the bar of Chester County in 
 
 the year 1808. He continued in the practice of his pro- 
 fession until his death, Feb. 4, 1851. 
 
 During a considerable portion of this period his practice 
 was extensive. He was for many years solicitor 6f the 
 Bank of Chester County, and for several of the sheriffs, 
 and was also a commissioner under the bankrupt law of 
 1841. He was at his death the oldest member of the bar. 
 
 Mr. Pyle was a man of profound learning in the law, and 
 of skill in its administration, and was so regarded by all his 
 associates. The profession never had a member in its ranks 
 whose life was more unsullied, or who better deserved the 
 reputation of a strictly honest and upright man. He was 
 singularly retiring and unobtrusive in his disposition, but 
 was nevertheless a most cheerful companion to all who 
 sought his society. To the younger members of the bar 
 he was peculiarly kind and courteous, ever ready to assist 
 them, and to guide their inexperience by his own mature 
 opinions. It seemed as though his nature was incapable of 
 harboring enmity against any one. His legal skill, integ- 
 rity, and conciliatory spirit made him ever a sure and kind 
 guide to his clients and an honorable example to his pro- 
 fessional brethren. 
 
 He left five children, — three sons and two daughters. Two 
 of his sons, B. Franklin Pyle and Isaac Darlington Pyle, 
 became members of the bar, the latter of whom died Aug. 
 19, 1857. A granddaughter is the wife of George B. Rob- 
 erts, the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. 
 
 Nicholas Pyle, the emigrant, married, in 1688, Abi- 
 gail, daughter of Joseph Bushell, and settled first in Bethel, 
 but about 1696 removed to Concord and built a brick house, 
 which was torn down by Benjamin W. Passmore a few 
 years ago. In 1713 he married Ann Webb, of Philadel- 
 phia, and died about the year 1717. He appears to have 
 been a man of good business qualifications, and accumulated 
 a considerable property before his death ; was one of the 
 owners and projectors of the " Concord Mills," and was 
 otherwise useful as a pioneer in developing the resources of 
 the country. He represented Chester County in the Pro- 
 vincial Assembly six years, and served in many other civil 
 employments. In religion he was earnestly devoted to the 
 doctrines and principles of Quakerism. 
 
 The children of Nicholas and Abigail Pyle were Mary, 
 b. 6, 23, 1689, m. Joseph Sharp ; Edith, b. 1, 20, 1695, m. 
 Nicholas Newlin ; Nicholas, b. 2, 26, 1697, m. Sarah Wor- 
 rilow ; Samuel, b. 12, 21, 1700, was a physician, and set- 
 tled in Kennet, where he died, 1749 ; James, b. 10, 2, 1703; 
 Joseph, b. 2, 15, 1706 ; Sarah, m. to Joseph Way. 
 
 Ralph Pyle, unlike his brothers, does not appear to 
 have been a Friend. Some of the family were buried at 
 St. John's church, in Concord. He lived in Concord town- 
 ship, and was active in public affairs. His son William 
 married Betty, daughter of Francis Chads, and settled in 
 Birmingham, where he died June 1, 1746, leaving children, 
 —Ralph, Joseph, John, William, Elinor, Mary, and Sarah. 
 
 QUINN, John H., M.D., was the son of John and Su- 
 sanna H. Quinn * His mother was a daughter of James 
 Hemphill, of Goshen township, Chester Co. He was born 
 at the house of h is grandfather Hemphill, Sept. 3, 1793, 
 
 •» John Qainn and Susanna Hemphitt were married, Get. 30, 1792, 
 at St. Jame&' church, Perkiomen.. 
 
BIOGKAPHIUAL AMD UJbiMJiALUUICAL. 
 
 703 
 
 a short time after the death of his father. He received 
 the early part of his education at a school in the neighbor- 
 hood, and afterwards was placed under the qare of Rev. 
 Nathafl Caldwell Grier, pastor of the Presbyterian Church 
 at Brandywine Manor, to complete his English and classical 
 education. He pursued his professional studies in the office 
 of Dr. Jacob Ehrenzeller, in West Chester, and after at- 
 tending the lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, he 
 received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from that insti- 
 tution in the spring of 1814. In the same year he began 
 the practice of medicine in West Chester, and continued 
 it four years, when he removed to Pottstown, Montgomery 
 Co., but remained only a short time, returning to West 
 Chester. With the exception of this brief absence from 
 the borough, and a short sojourn at Marshallton, Chester 
 Co., he resided in West Chester, attending to his profes- 
 sional duties until disabled by disease. 
 
 In the year 1814 he married Jane, daughter of Samuel 
 Osborne, of Pennsbury township, Chester Co. He had four 
 children, all living at his death, — two sons and two daugh- 
 ters. The latter, Catharine Ann and Elizabeth Hemphill, 
 married twin brothers, John and Jeremiah Colflesh, and 
 settled in Philadelphia. 
 
 After lingering several months with consumption he 
 died, Dec. 1, 1823.* 
 
 RALSTON, Hon. John, was born in Vincent (now 
 West Vincent) township, Chester Co., Nov. 4, 1744. His 
 grandfather, John Ralston, was a native of the north of 
 Ireland ; was in the battle of the Boyne Water, under King 
 William, July 1, 1690 ; emigrated to this country in Au- 
 gust, 1728, and settled in Pikeknd (now West Pikeland) 
 township, Chester Co. He brought with him his son, 
 Robert Ralston (father of the subject of this sketch), who 
 had been born in Ireland, Oct. 3, 1722. Robert Ralston 
 was several years a member of the State Legislature, and 
 died at his residence in Pikeland township, Feb. 19, 1814, 
 at the age of ninety-one years. 
 
 Hon. John Ralston was on the side of independence in 
 the Revolution, and in the service both as captain and 
 colonel. When Gen. Washington was about removing his 
 headquarters from the Yellow Springs to Reading, he sent 
 for Capt. Ralston, who was then at home on a furlough, 
 putting in his crops, and engaged him to pilot him part of 
 the way. This Capt. Ralston did, escorting him as far as 
 the falls of French Creek, when another guide was pressed 
 into the service, and he returned home. On one occasion 
 his dwelling was burned by English scouts, and he thrice 
 secreted himself in a barn to prevent being arrested by the 
 enemy. 
 
 The various other public employments he was intrusted 
 with in those eventful times bear testimony to his character 
 for patriotism. He was for forty-one years an active, useful, 
 and intelligent magistrate, and the leading man in the part 
 of the country in which he resided. All the law transac- 
 tions of his neighborhood pas.sed in a manner through his 
 hands. 
 
 He took his seat on the bench of the County Court when 
 the courts were held by the justices of the peace, in Novcm- 
 
 * Medical Reporter, vol. ii.' p. 128. 
 
 her, 1784, and continued in that station until the formation 
 of the constitution of 1790, under which, on August 26, 
 1791, he was again commissioned a justice of the peace by 
 Governor Mifflin. April 7, 1802, he was appointed by 
 Governor McKean an associate judge of the courts of the 
 county, the duties of which office he performed with sin- 
 gular fidelity the last twenty-three years of his life. 
 
 He lived a life of usefulness rarely witnessed, and died 
 at his residence in Vincent township, Sept. 1, 1825, in the 
 eighty-first year of his age. He was interred at St. Peter's 
 church, in Chester Valley, and the great concourse which 
 attended his remains to the grave testified to the high es- 
 teem in which he was held by his fellow-citizens. 
 
 At a meeting of the court and members of the bar of 
 Chester County, held on the occasion of his death, it was 
 
 " Resolved, That the meeting entertain a high sense of the long and 
 faithful services of Hon. John Balston, late an associate judge of the 
 courts of this county ; that we cherish a sincere respect for his memory 
 as a man, and for his character as an officer of the court, and deeply 
 lament the loss which, in common with the public, we have sustained 
 by his death." , 
 
 He married Catharine Miller, and had five sons and two 
 daughters, — Robert, William, John, James, Mary, Catha- 
 rine, and George, of whom Mary alone survives. William 
 married Mary Heffelfinger in 1805, and died in 1825. 
 Catharine became the wife of Samson Davis. Mary mar- 
 ried John Bingaman, and after his decease became the wife 
 of Henry Rimby. 
 
 Robert Ralston was of Irish descent, and born at 
 Little Brandywine, Chester Co., on Dec. 18, 1761. His 
 education was not of an extended character, and probably 
 designed to fit him for the line of life in which he intended 
 to move. He did, however, acquire sufficient knowledge of 
 the Latin language to enable him to translate with facility 
 the quotations which occurred in the course of his reading. 
 His attention appears to have been principally to the Eng- 
 lish language, the beauties of which he was capable of rel- 
 ishing. He commenced business in I'hiladelphia, probably 
 very soon after he became of age, with very little capital, 
 but with a character, in the leading traits of which those 
 who had an opportunity with him had confidence, and this, 
 under divine blessing, enabled him to progress steadily in 
 the enlargement of his business. His qualities as a man of 
 busine.«s were of the highest order. Take him altogether, 
 he has been justly considered as a beautiful model for the 
 character of the merchant. Let us add that he did not 
 make haste to grow rich, and thereby preserved himself 
 from many of the sorrows with which multitudes have 
 pierced themselves through. In November, 1785, he was 
 married to Miss Sarah Clarkson, daughter of Matthew 
 Clarkson, Esq., in his day one of the most respectable citi- 
 zens, and for several years the chief magistrate, of Philadel- 
 phia. This connection was one of affection, harmony, and 
 happiness till it was dissolved by her death. Doc. 29, 1820, 
 in the fifty-fourth year of her age. He was ordained as a 
 ruling elder of the Second Presbyterian Church, Dec. 2, 
 1802, and lived in the communion of this church for the 
 space of fifty years, and for nearly thirty-four years officiated 
 as one of its elders. But these bonds, with all others 
 which united him to earth, were dissolved Aug. 11, 1836, 
 in his seventy- fifth year of age.' 
 
HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 itegrity was the basis of his character, and he was dis- 
 tished for his humility, meekness, gentleness, and 
 iesy of manners. 
 
 VMES Griee Ralston, third son of Samuel and Nancy 
 (Grier) Ralston, was born in West Nantmeal, Dec. 28, 
 (, and his education began in a log school-house which 
 1 on the site of the present West Nantmeal Seminary, 
 ixteen he entered New London Academy, and remained 
 t a year, when the school was permanently closed, and 
 hen went to Hopewell Academy, where he continued 
 the autumn of 1833, when he was admitted to Wash-, 
 m College, Pa., and was graduated thence in September, 
 i. In November of that year he began teaching in 
 re Academy, Steubenville, Ohio, the principal and pro- 
 or being Rev. John W. Scott, D.D., under whose di- 
 on he devoted half his time to the study of theology, 
 mtered the Theological Seminary of Princeton, N. J., 
 3 16, 1840 ; was licensed by the Presbytery of New 
 le, April 14, 1841, and at once commissioned by the 
 asylvania Board of Domestic Missions as a missionary 
 he Winnebago Indians in Wisconsin. Failing health 
 ented his entrance into this field of labor, and he as- 
 ed charge of a female seminary at Oxford, Pa., remain- 
 iintil 1845, when he was ordained, and removed to Nor- 
 wn. Pa., where he opened the Oakland Female Institute, 
 le of the most successful educational institutions in the 
 itry. Commencing with only four pupils, the number 
 increased, and before the close of the second term it 
 necessary to provide additional room. With the ex- 
 ion of three years — 1874 to 1877 — the school was kept 
 I until his death, during which time over twenty-five 
 dred young ladies had been under his instruction, 
 ing from all the States of the Union, as well as from 
 ada. South America, Cuba, Great Britain, and other 
 opean countries. While thus engaged he found time 
 )ursue some special studies which had early attracted 
 . He became an expert and enthusiastic mineralogist, 
 his private cabinet of minerals, which he left arranged 
 idmirable manner, is very full and valuable. In other 
 atific studies he was also proficient, nor was he wanting 
 public-spirited citizen, leading in all plans for improve- 
 it, and helpful to the upward-struggling individual. 
 D November, 1864, Mr. Kalston preached an eloquent 
 impressive sermon on the occasion of the semi-centen- ' 
 anniversary of the settlement of his kinsman, the Rev. 
 Grier, over the Presbyterian Church of Brandywine 
 lor; and for the centennial jubilee of 1876 he pre- 
 sd a valuable historical sketch of the First Presbyterian 
 irch of Norristown, of whose board of trustees he was 
 lident from 1856 uotil his death. Both of these memo- 
 i have been preserved in print. Of the Montgomery 
 nty Bible Society — a non-sectarian body — he was choseu 
 lident in 1863, and reelected annually. In 1865 La- 
 itte College conferred upon him its doctorate of laws, 
 Washington and Jefierson, in 1868, its doctorate of di- 
 ty ; was elected a member of the Numismatic and An- 
 arian Society, May 3, 1866, and served respectively on 
 committees of Antiquity and Genealogy, being chair- 
 1 of the latter for 1879 and 1880. Dr. Ralston was 
 ried April 11, 1842, at Stotbenville, Ohio, to Miss 
 
 Mary A. Larimore, who, with three daughters, survive 
 him. He died at Norristown, Pa., Nov. 10, 1880. 
 
 RAMSEY, James Read.— Among the early settlers of 
 Pennsylvania who emigrated from the north of Ireland in 
 the first part of the eighteenth century, was William 
 Ramsey, who purchased a large tract of land in East Not- 
 tingham township, Chester Co. His son William married 
 Rebecca Wilson, a daughter of the Rev. James Wilson, 
 D.D., a prominent Presbyterian minister of Lancaster 
 County. She was a niece of the Rev. Dr. Read, of Wil- 
 mington, Del., and a connection by marriage with the Wise 
 family, of Virginia, and the Polk family, of Tennessee. 
 From this marriage came the subject of this sketch, James 
 Bead Ramsey, who was born in Bart township, Lancaster 
 Co., Feb. 14, 1815. He received his education at Hope- 
 well Academy and at Washington, Pa., under his uncle, 
 the Rev. Obadiah Jennings, D.D., who was connected with 
 Washington College. He was with the Messrs. Dickey 
 Brothers, extensive merchants and cotton manufacturers, 
 at Hopewell, Pa., for some years. He married Mary, a 
 daughter of Samuel Dickey, June 6, 1845, a descendant 
 of one of the earliest settlers in the county. His widow 
 with three sons are still living, — William W., a merchant 
 in Chicago, 111. ; Samuel D., a lawyer in West Chester ; 
 and J. Everton Kamsey, cashier of the First National 
 Bank of Oxford. Owning an extensive farm in Chester 
 County, he was largely interested and took an active part 
 in the public improvements of his district. He was one 
 of the corporators and aided in the construction of the 
 Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad, of which he 
 was a director, and at the time of his death the treasurer. 
 He assisted in the organization of the Oxford Public Li- 
 brary and the Oxford Agricultural Society, acting as the 
 first president of the former and the treasurer of the latter. 
 He was also, for many years and at the time of his death, 
 a director of the Bank at Oxford. He was trustee and 
 treasurer of the Oxford Presbyterian Church, and the 
 active member of the building committee in the construc- 
 tion of the present handsome edifice. Having decided 
 views on all subjects, he was a warm supporter of the Re-^ 
 publican party, and a member of the Union League. He 
 died Dec. 24, 1871, in the prime of life, and in the midst 
 of a career whose sudden close was felt as a great loss to 
 the community. 
 
 Charles Ramsey, whose grandfather, tradition says, 
 fought on the Protestant side at the battle of Boyne, 1690, 
 came to Pennsylvania about 1770, and lived several years 
 with David Watt, of New London. He was married Nov. 
 7, 1776, to Rebecca Scott, and thus came into possession 
 of land now the western part of Lumbcrville, Cecil Co., Md. 
 From thence he moved in 1800 to property now in posses- 
 sion of his grandson, of the same name, in Elk township, 
 below "Spring Lawn" paper-mill, where he died. His 
 children were Samuel, b. 1780, James Scott, Sarah, Thomasy 
 Mary, David, and Rebecca, the last by a second wife. 
 
 Samuel went to Cadiz, Harrison Co., Ohio. James Scott 
 lived near Hickory Hill, was a justice of the peace, and 
 died 1866. Thomas married Catharine Sherer, and re- 
 mained at the homestead. David married Mary Jones, 
 and went to Ohio. Mary married John Sherer. 
 
JOHN RANKIN. 
 
 James Rankin was an emi- 
 grant from North Ireland, and 
 in 1773 purchased the place, 
 one hundred and eiijhteen 
 acres, now owned by Abbie A. 
 Hinkson, in Highland town- 
 ship. He married Mary Ar- 
 buckle, and their son James 
 married Susanna Riddle. To 
 them were born eight children, 
 of whom John was the eldest 
 son and second child. He was 
 raised on the farm, educated 
 in the common schools, and 
 became a great reader, storing 
 his mind with useful informa- 
 tion. He taught school in his 
 younger days, and was a pupil 
 under the noted John Sloan, 
 an Irish teacher of distinction. 
 He was married March 9, 1820, 
 to Martha, daughter of Alex- 
 ander and Abigail Andrews, 
 of Andrews' Bridge. Their 
 only child, Abbie Ann, was 
 born March 1.5, 1821, and was 
 married Jan. 20, 1842, to Eli 
 W. Hinkson, of Highland 
 township, who died June 5, 
 1873. John Rankin, like his 
 ancestors, was a rigid Presby- 
 terian, and many years an elder 
 in the church at Fagg's Manor. 
 He was a strong anti-slavery 
 man, and took part in the agi- 
 tation of the great slavery 
 
 JOHN RANKIN. 
 
 question when it began, about 
 1828, and when it was attended 
 with great perils to life and 
 property. He was prominently 
 identified with the temperance 
 movement, and was the first in 
 his section to banish liquor 
 from the harvest-field. He was 
 very active in politics, being 
 an ardent supporter and advo- 
 cate of the principles of the 
 Republican party up to the 
 time of his death. He was a 
 man of strong convictions, clear 
 judgment, and possessed moral 
 courage to the highest degree. 
 His wife, Martha Andrews, 
 was of the .'ame nationality 
 and religion, — North Irish 
 Presbyterian. He died April 
 4, 1851, and was buried at 
 Fagg's Manor churchyard, 
 and in his death passed away 
 an upright citizen, who lived 
 for humanity's cause and prog- 
 less. His daughter and only 
 child, Abbie A. Hinkson, has 
 had eight children; Martha R., 
 married to K. Mancill ; J. Al- 
 fred, deceased ; Harriet Newell, 
 married to Henry B. Burn ; 
 Edwin E. ; J. Rankin, married 
 to E. Duncan ; Annie M., mar- 
 ried to David B. Clark; Ella 
 A. ; and Horace P., deceased. 
 This farm has been in the pos- 
 session of the Rankin family 
 one hundred and eight years. 
 
 i 
 
 ^£^. ... Farm 0, ABBIE A. HINKSON H.ghlano T^. Chbstb^ Co.Pa 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 705 
 
 CV^gi^^a-/;^ /o ^'Z- 
 
 ^l/Ul/fW 
 
 (For biography see page'704.) 
 
 BEAD, Kev. Thomas, D.D., was born in March, 1746, 
 in Nottingham township, Chester Co. His parents were 
 Scotch-Irish immigrants, from the north of Ireland. They 
 were in prosperous circumstances, and gave their children 
 the best opportunities which the country afforded for the 
 culture of their minds. Thomas Eead was educated at the 
 Philadelphia Academy, under the charge of Dr. Francis 
 Alison. He graduated in 1764, and was for a time tutor 
 in the Newark Academy, in the State of Delaware. In 
 1768 he was licensed as a Presbyterian minister, and was 
 pastor of the church at Drawyer's Creek, in Delaware, from 
 that time until 1798, when he removed to Wilmington, Del, 
 and became pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of 
 that place. He filled this position until 1817, when he re- 
 signed. He afterwards preached, as his heahh permitted, 
 for the First Presbyterian Church of Wilmington, which 
 was without a pastor. In the Revolutionary war he was an 
 earnest, active patriot. In 1776 he and some fifty others, 
 neighbors and members of his congregation, shouldered 
 their muskets and marched to Philadelphia. The success 
 which had then recently attended the American arms at 
 Trenton and Princeton rendered their services at that par- 
 ticular ' juncture unnecessary, and they returned to their 
 homes. On Aug. 25, 1777, the British army landed at 
 Elkton. Gen. Washington was encamped near Stanton, 
 some six miles below Wilmington. The position of the 
 American army was such as to render it exceedingly danger- 
 ous to give battle, and to retreat by the great road, with the 
 ■ disciplined British army in the rear, was still more so. Gen. 
 ' Washington made preparations for departure, but could ob- 
 'tain but little information upon which he could presume to 
 89 
 
 act. At night a council of war was held, and, while the 
 greatest anxiety prevailed, one of Gen. Washington's staff 
 came in and exclaimed, " I know the man that can extricate 
 us." " Mount and bring him without a moment's delay," 
 was the immediate order of Gen. Washington. The officer 
 went to the house of Rev. Thomas Read, then residing 
 about five miles distant, roused him from his bed, and 
 brought him under whip and spur to the camp. He drafted 
 on paper for Gen. Washington the whole adjacent country, 
 with which he was very familiar, with all the cross-roads 
 and by-ways. The army was immediately put in motion, 
 and a safe retreat made to Chads' Ford, where, Sept. 11, 
 the battle of Brandywine was fought. In 1796, Thomas 
 Read received from Princeton College the degree of Doctor 
 of Divinity. He was twice married, first, to an English 
 lady, of the name of Stanley, and second, to Mary Stuart, 
 of Bohemia Manor, Md., who survived him. He was a 
 man of commanding appeciance and of remarkably dignified 
 manners, a learned theolo-ir.r., :nd of substantial and en- 
 during worth. Among tne people to whom he ministered 
 he was regarded with great esteem and reverence. He died 
 June 14, 1823. His widow died Dec. 11, 1845, at the age 
 of eighty-four. 
 
 Thomas Read, the great-grandfather of Thomas Bu- 
 chanan Read, had four sons,-John, William, James, 
 and Davis. James, his grandfather, was a school-teacher, 
 and married first Sarah, daughter of John and Elizabeth 
 Steel, of Newtown. His second wife was Hannah Bu- 
 chanan, hence the middle name of the poet. By this 
 second wife James had seven children,— John, Davis, James, 
 Sarah, Sidney, Elizabeth, and Jane. 
 
706 
 
 HISTOEY OP CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Thomas Buchanan Bead,* the distinguished poet and 
 painter, who attained such eminence in two entirely dis- 
 tinct yet congenial fields of art, was born March 12, 1822, 
 in a modest farm-house, situate near the Great Valley of 
 Chester County, in what is now East Brandywine township, 
 near Downingtown, within the shadow of " the blue hills 
 of Uwchlan," where his youth was passed, and from the 
 romantic scenery of which locality were derived those in- 
 spirations and accurate descriptions of nature which fre- 
 quently appear in his poetry. 
 
 The writer of this sketch has frequently heard him relate 
 that his first knowledge of the Bible was derived from 
 hearing it read aloud in the family circle, and he would 
 dwell at length upon the lasting impression made upon his 
 youthful mind by its beautiful imagery, and as he listened 
 
 patrons as Gen. Harrison, then a candidate for the Presi- 
 dency, Maj. (subsequently Gen.) Anderson, the distin- 
 guished and heroic defender of Fort Sumter, Nicholas 
 Longworth, and others. In 1841 he removed to Boston, 
 and in its cultivated literary society his poetical talents 
 were developed, first finding expression through the columns 
 of the Boston Courier. 
 
 In his early literary career he received kindly and hearty 
 encouragement from Longfellow, with whom his relations 
 were always intimate and cordial, and in his art studies he 
 enjoyed the friendship and counsel of AUston as long as that 
 great painter lived. 
 
 In 1846 he found a home in Philadelphia, where, by the 
 force of his genius, his genial manner, wit, and cultivated 
 intellect, he widened the circle of his appreciating friends 
 
 to the scriptural narrative of the Saviour's ministry on 
 earth, his boyish fancy would locate and associate all its in- 
 cidents and events upon and with the hills and valleys which 
 lay around him as he listened. 
 
 The inroads of death caused a breaking up of the family 
 while Bead was still a mere lad, and at the early age of 
 seventeen he was thrown upon his own resources for a 
 livelihood. 
 
 In the year 1839 he commenced his career as an artist 
 in the atelier of Clevenger, the sculptor, at Cincinnati. 
 His tastes, however, soon led him on to a more congenial 
 field of art culture, that of painting. His skill and suc- 
 cess as a painter of portraits soon attracted attention, and 
 obtained for him the favor and esteem of such distinguished 
 « By Henry C. Townsend. 
 
 and admirers, and devoted his time industriously to his 
 twin mistresses, poetry and painting. At this time appeared 
 his first volume of poems (Boston edition of 1847), which 
 manifested so much poetic power, and gave such promise of 
 future excellence, as to attract the favorable notice of the 
 English critics. In a criticism of his poems from the pen 
 of Leigh Hunt in the North British Review, his " Closing 
 Scene" was pronounced worthy to stand beside " Grav's 
 Elegy." 
 
 In 1850 he made his first visit to Europe, spending some 
 time in England, where he formed the acquaintance of her 
 leading literary men and women, and subsequently reached 
 Italy, where, dividing his time between Rome and Florence, 
 he devoted himself diligently to the execution of the orders 
 with which he had been intrusted by appreciating friends 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 707 
 
 in Philadelphia and elsewhere. In 1852 he returned to 
 the United States, and passed the winter in Cincinnati. 
 In 1853 he again returned to Europe, accompanied by his 
 family, consisting of his wife and two young daughters, 
 and made a home in Florence, where he surrounded himself 
 with all that could make life pleasant and attractive. ' He 
 was by this time recognized as a brilliant poet and a suc- 
 cessful artist, and he fully realized and enjoyed the rewards 
 of his distinction. His life at this time was full of enjoy- 
 ment, but its happiness was soon and suddenly changed 
 into the deepest sorrow. A prevailing epidemic, severely 
 fatal in character, swept away hundreds of the inhabitants 
 of Florence, and among them his wife and youngest daugh- 
 ter, his darling " Lilian," well known to his intimate friends 
 as " the light of his household." 
 
 It was during the mental depression produced by this 
 profound domestic sorrow that, seeking refuge with his 
 surviving daughter from the ravages of the pestilence, he 
 repaired to the " Baths of Lucca," where, in the course of 
 a few days, he wrote his remarkable poem, " The House 
 by the Sea," which, by some competent critics, is regarded 
 as the most original and imaginative of his works. 
 
 After recovering somewhat from the severe shock of this 
 domestic affliction, he again returned to America, remain- 
 ing here only a few months, and 'then revisited Europe, and 
 was residing in Rome, busily engaged at his easel, when the 
 Rebellion of 1861 aroused his native land and stimulated 
 all her patriotic sons to action on her behalf. Abandoning 
 at once the attractions which surrounded him, and sacri- 
 ficing the bright pecuniary prospects before him, and real- 
 izing that every loyal son of America owed a solemn duty 
 to his country in her hour of extreme peril, he hastily re- 
 turned home, entered the military service as a volunteer, 
 serving for a time in the field upon the staff of Gen. Lew 
 Wallace, and by his voice and pen, in patriotic addresses 
 and poems, gave hearty encouragement to his countrymen 
 in the great work of saving the national life. In this 
 heroic struggle none surpassed Read in patriotic ardor and 
 devotion, Gens. Grant, Sherman, and Sheridan having all 
 left upon record their hearty appreciation of the value of 
 his services. His ode known as "The Patriot's Oath," 
 and his more widely known and spirited lyric, " Sheridan's 
 Ride," are forcible expressions of his devoted loyalty and 
 intense hatred of treason. The distinguishing characteristics 
 of Read's nature were purity of thought, refinement of 
 feeling, gentleness of manner, generosity of disposition, 
 geniality and unselfish devotion to others, and the posses- 
 sion of all those qualities of mind and character which at- 
 tract and attach friends. Tenderness of feeling and delicacy 
 in treatment were marked traits in all his work, whether 
 with the pen or the pencil. Gifted with an extraordinary 
 genius. Read was unlike many other men thus formed by 
 nature. He relied for success not upon sudden, uncertain, 
 and spasmodic impulses, but was a faithful, diligent, and con- 
 scientious worker by turns in the two distinct yet congenial 
 fields of labor to which his talents were devoted, finding 
 his only rest and recreation in the alternate use of his pen 
 
 or pencil. 
 
 As an artist, his distinguishing features were originality 
 and force in composition, the skill and grace with which 
 
 the poetical creations of his pure and active imagination 
 were placed upon the canvas. The same characteristics 
 mark his genius in poetry. It may without exaggeration 
 be said of him that his poems are pictures in their close 
 fidelity to truth and nature, and his pictures are poems in 
 the grace and beauty with which each face and form are 
 outlined, and the harmony and effect with which his groups 
 are combined. Among some of his more important paint- 
 ings, the greater part of which have been executed for ap- 
 preciating friends, and still enrich their galleries, may be 
 mentioned " The Embarcation of Cleopatra," " The Cul- 
 prit Fay," "Excelsior," "Diana and Endymion," "The 
 Woodland Bath," " Time Rescuing Proserpine," " The 
 Fall of the Last Pleiad," " Undine Rescued by the Knight," 
 "The Ivory Carver," "The Spirit of the Age," "The 
 Ascension of the Innocents," "Milton," "Dante," "The 
 Spirit of the Waterfall," " Abou Ben Adhem and the 
 Angel." 
 
 The popular appreciation of Read as a poet, and his in- 
 dustrious devotion to his pen, would seem to be manifested 
 by the repeated editions of his writings called for by culti- 
 vated readers, and which were brought before the public by 
 the following publishers, and in the order named : 
 
 The Boston Edition of a modest volume in 1847. 
 Lays and Ballads. Phila. ; 1848. 
 
 Poems. London, by Delf, and illustrated by Kenny Meadows; 
 1852. 
 
 Poems. Phila., by A. Hart ; 1853. 
 
 Poems. Phila., by A. Hart, illustrated; 1853. 
 
 " The New Pastoral." Phila., Parry k McMillan ; 1855. 
 
 " The House by the Sea." Phila., Parry &, McMillan ; 1855. 
 
 " Sylvia, or the Last Shepherd." Phila., Parry A McMillan ; 1867. 
 
 Kural Poems. London, Longman, Brown & Co. ; 1857. 
 
 Poems. Complete Edition, in 2 vols. Boston, Ticknor &, Fields ; - 
 
 1860. 
 
 " The Wagoner of the AUeghanies." Phila., J. B. Lippincott & 
 
 Co.; 1862. 
 
 " A Summer Story," and other Poems. Phila., J. B. Lippincott & 
 
 Co.) 1866. 
 And the last complete edition in 3 vols., by J. B. Lippincott & Co. ; 
 
 1865. 
 " Drifting." Illustrated. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott &, Co. ; 
 
 1880. 
 
 His own belief was that " The New Pastoral," which 
 so truthfully and graphically describes the life and pursuits 
 of a rural community such as he knew in his youth in 
 Chester County, was his best work, and that his poetic 
 reputation would rest chiefly upon that poem. 
 
 Mr. Read was in failing health for some months prior to 
 his decease, and although much enfeebled by disease, con- 
 tinued to work diligently through the long and sickly winter 
 of 1871-72 at Rome. In the spring he felt an irresistible 
 yearning to return to his native land, fully believing that 
 it would be to die here. He left Rome in April, and sailed 
 from Liverpool on April 20th. On board the steamer he 
 was stricken down with pneumonia, but with the aid of 
 tender nursing he was enabled to reach New York, and was 
 carried to the Astor House, where, attended by his devoted 
 wife and kind friends, he breathed his last on May 11, 1872, 
 and his remains were deposited in North Laurel Hill Cem- 
 etery, Philadelphia. , , « j 
 As an appropriate close to this inadequate sketch of, and 
 sincere tribute to, the memory of his life-long friend, the 
 
708 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 writer adds an extract from a familiar letter written to him 
 by Mr. Read, a short time before his decease, which will 
 give his friends and admirers an insight into the inner life 
 and character of this gifted son of genius, whose public 
 writings and works have given him a world-wide repu- 
 tation : 
 
 "Ddsseldorp. 
 " My deak Feiend, — Just as I write that word friend it seems to 
 strike upon my heart as on a golden bell, setting it into interminable 
 vibrations. There are few words so beautiful, so comprehensive. It 
 includes devotion, self-saerifice, defense against all things, including 
 calumny and misfortune; but best of all, joy in another's joy, and 
 exultation in his prosperity, this being in my mind the' highest proof 
 of friendship. It is easy to sympathize with misfortune, — the heart 
 full of envy and malice might even do that, — but devoid of these 
 must that beautiful soul be that can look upon a friend's success with 
 gladness, having no other interest than that of pure enjoyment of his 
 happiness. When I look abroad over the world I feel humbled — 
 bumbled before that high Benefactor, when I see how all unworthy 
 as I am, with what a host of just such devoted and disinterested 
 friends as yourself I am blessed. I have never yet lost a friend. 
 Some fancied ones may have dropped away from me. . . . 
 
 "But all this is not replying to your dear, kind, but too long- 
 neglected letter. You are not one to believe that silence on my part 
 implies indifTerence. On the contrary, I no sooner received your 
 letter informing me of your bereavement than I indited these verses 
 on its back : 
 
 " Some stars there are with sudden glow 
 Burst in full brightness on the gaze, 
 And to the wondering world below 
 
 A little season stand and blaze, 
 Till on their unknown orbits whirled, 
 Their disks with splendor overrun, 
 They turn their glory from the world. 
 
 Still gazing on their parent sun. 
 And BO the infant form of grace 
 
 That beamed a while upon your sight ; 
 She has but turned her angel face 
 To gaze upon her native light. 
 
 "Again while writing you, an inspiration strikes me and moves 
 itself in number thus : 
 
 " Wo nightly die ourselves to sleep, 
 
 Then wherefore fear we death ? 
 'Tis but a slumber still more deep. 
 And undisturbed by breath. 
 
 " We daily waken to the light. 
 When morning walks her way, 
 Then wherefore doubt Death's longer night 
 Will bring a brighter day ? 
 
 " You see how deeply (in spite of silence) your heart of sorrow has 
 poured itself into my own, making it to overflow in such melody as is 
 native to it. Now let me show you how, the other day, on the anni- 
 versary of my darling Lily's departure, I sang with joyful sorrow. 
 You see the poetry in these two words : 
 
 "MT LILT ON THE VIEGIN'S BOSOM. 
 
 " The sun was white in all the streets of Florence, 
 The splendor burned upon the bridge and river; 
 While Fate lained down her pestilence in torrents, 
 Bereaving me forever. 
 
 "Nay, not forever,— on the Virgin's bosom 
 I see the emblem of my sainted daughter ; 
 She holds my Lily in perpetual blossom ; 
 I find her where I sought her. 
 
 " Close to her heart, with all a mother's patience. 
 She bears my flower, enticing me to meet her. 
 Dear Virgin, at thy Son's appointed stations, 
 I kneel and kneel and climb that I at last 
 May greet her. 
 
 " There having lain these flowers upon your altar draped in crape 
 and white, and while the angels are still chanting a requiem in the 
 ohoir, I reverently withdraw beyond the chapel door, bearing away 
 frith me a sense of benediction. I want to tell you now and solemnly 
 that a deep sense of my duty to my God as well as to my fellow-mau 
 iaa gradually been descending upon me, and it is to me a source of 
 
 infinite pleasure that I can look back upon all the poetry I have ever 
 written, and find it contains no line breathing a doubt upon the blessed 
 Trinity and the great Redemption of man. When I have written my 
 verses I have been alone with my own soul and with God, and not only 
 dared not lie, but the inspiration of the truth was to me so beautiful 
 that no unworthy thought ever dared obtrude itself upon the page. 
 This was entirely owing to the goodness of God, who saw what it was 
 to be, and saved me from subsequent mortification and regret." 
 
 REEVES, Samuel J. — The Phoenix Irou-Works at 
 Phoenixville, in this county, is the largest establishment of 
 its kind in the United States. Its mills and manufactories, 
 which cover an area of sixty acres, are described in another 
 department of this work.* 
 
 These works were established in 1790, and, after various 
 mutations, came into the possession of the late David 
 Reeves and his then associates in 1827. These works 
 were operated by the firm of Reeves, Buck & Co. until 
 1855, when it was dissolved, and "The Phoenix Iron Com- 
 pany" incorporated by an act of the Legislature. David 
 Reeves and his son, the late Samuel J. Reeves, were the 
 sole owners (with the exception of an insignificant interest) 
 of the stock of this corporation, and the present proprietors 
 are their lineal descendants. David Reeves was the first 
 president of the company, and Samuel J. Reeves the vice- 
 president and treasurer. The former held the oflSce until 
 his death, in March, 1871, and the latter succeeded him as 
 president, and so continued until his death, in December, 
 1878, when he was, in turn, succeeded by his son, David 
 Reeves, the present head of the company. 
 
 In many respects the character of the two original pro- 
 prietors presented striking features of resemblance. They 
 were both men of remarkable learning and unusual intel- 
 lectual resources ; and they possessed, in addition, an indi- 
 vidual strength of purpose, and a degree of energy and 
 enterprise, without which mere intellect is but as the sculp- 
 tured pediment to the massive column. Both were endowed 
 to an extraordinary extent with the power to resist and 
 overcome adverse circumstances, and they were as strong 
 in the face of disaster as they were signal in reaping the 
 fruits of prosperity. In both a vigorous physical system 
 was united to a mental determination and a moral force 
 which no obstacles could subdue. Through the period of 
 their incumbency respectively of the office of president of 
 this company, there were many occasions when the manu- 
 facturers of the United States encountered reverses which, 
 in numerous instances, were overwhelming in their conse- 
 quences. Through them all those men, by their prudence, 
 foresight, sagacity, and integrity, were able to conduct the 
 company in safety. Father and son together met the finan- 
 cial storm which swept over the land in 1856, and averted its 
 force. Again, from 1873 to 1877, when the iron-masters of 
 Pennsylvania were threatened with annihilation, and hun- 
 dreds of furnaces extinguished their fires, Samuel J. Reeves 
 successfully maintained the business and credit of the com- 
 pany, and — though with greater responsibilities — his deter- 
 mined efforts, aided by his lofty character and the implicit 
 confidence of the community, enabled him to overcome the 
 accumulated trials of that disastrous epoch. So many mills 
 for the manufacture of iron rails had sprung up during the 
 period anterior to the incorporation of this company in 
 * See Mills and Manufactures, p. 350. 
 
tr-Q-'^b'/ ^hhf'll '.\ SoTis,!-') 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 709 
 
 1855, and such was the competition in this branch of the 
 business, that it was deemed wise to carry on a more general 
 system of manufacture. 
 
 It soon became evident that the great railways of the 
 country which were then in operation would be obliged to 
 supply themselves with better and more durable bridges 
 than those which had been originally erected, and which 
 were already either falling into decay or inadequate to meet 
 the needs of a vastly increasing traffic. To supply this 
 want it was determined by this company to devote a large 
 part of its energies to the manufacture of iron bridges and 
 viaducts. Before this change had been fully accomplished 
 the civil war broke out, and further effort in this direction 
 was for a time suspended. The company then turned its 
 attention to war material, and soon after — through the in- 
 genuity and inventive talent of the general superintendent, 
 John Griffun — a cannon was designed and submitted to 
 the government. But a short time elapsed before this de- 
 sign was adopted, and the work of fulfilling the large orders' 
 thereupon received was commenced and actively carried 
 forward. The gun was a rifle piece of three-inch calibre, 
 and intended for field artillery. Several hundred were fur- 
 nished, and their successftil service upon many battle-fields 
 was the best test of their utility. Indeed, it is a historical 
 fact that the capture of any of these guns gave greater satisfac- 
 tion to the enemy than any similar success. In 1862 active 
 measures were recommended for the prosecution of the busi- 
 ness of iron bridge construction ; and this was materially 
 stimulated by the invention in that year of the hollow 
 wrought-iron post or pillar, which, under the name of the 
 PhcBnix column, has attained a world-wide celebrity. This 
 invention was the product of the genius of Samuel J. 
 Reeves, the patentee, and its introduction at once effected 
 a remarkable revolution in the art of bridge-building, and 
 opened a new and most extensive field for the employment 
 of wrought or rolled iron. Some idea of the magnitude 
 of the business which it practically created may be formed 
 from the fact that to, and including, 1880, upwards of 
 thirty thousand tons of these columns were manufactured 
 and shipped by the Phoenix Iron Company. In addition 
 to bridge construction, this company has manufactured 
 rolled iron beams for buildings and other structures in im- 
 inense quantities for many years past. They have also in 
 different forms entered largely into the construction of iron 
 ships, and thousands of tons of Phoenix beams and angles 
 are now afloat upon near and distant seas. 
 
 Perhaps the greatest achievement of the Phoenix Iron 
 Company has been the construction of the Metropolitan 
 Elevated Iron Railway in the city of New York, and at 
 the same time the manufacture of a large part of the ma- 
 terial of which the New York Elevated Railway is com- 
 posed. The former work was in great part designed, man- 
 ufactured, and carried to a successful completion by this 
 company, with the aid of the engineering firm of Clarke, 
 Reeves & Co. It is a monument of mechanical skill and 
 manufacturing enterprise. 
 
 To enumerate the various structures which this company 
 has either built from the foundation or in the erection of 
 which it has furnished the iron, would be to swell this 
 sketch far beyond the limit necessarily imposed. Some of 
 
 its principal works besides those mentioned are the Girard 
 Avenue bridge in Philadelphia, the railway bridges over 
 the Hudson River at Albany, the great International 
 bridge over the Niagara River near Buffalo, the bridges 
 over the Illinois River at La Salle and the Mississippi at 
 Quiney, and the numerous railway bridges in Canada, 
 Cuba, Central and South America. In this latter connec- 
 tion it may be stated, in conclusion, that in the machine- 
 shops of this company, by the application of the necessary 
 machinery, great accuracy of work is obtained, and each 
 part of an iron bridge can be exactly duplicated if neces- 
 sary. This method of construction is entirely American, 
 the EDglish still building their bridges principally with 
 hand-labor. Consequently, American iron bridges, notwith- 
 standing the relative higher price of our iron, can success- 
 fully compete in Canada and elsewhere with the bridges of 
 English or Belgian construction. 
 
 REID, Rev. William Shields, D.D., was a native of 
 West Nottingham township, Chester Co., Pa., where he 
 was born in April, 1778. He was the child of Adam and 
 Martha Shields Reid, who had emigrated from the north 
 of Ireland and settled in that township. 
 
 He graduated at Princeton College with honor in 1802. 
 In 1804 he became a professor in Hampden Sidney Col- 
 lege, Virginia, and shortly thereafter succeeded Dr. Archi- 
 bald Alexander as president of that institution. He re- 
 tained his connection with the college about five years, 
 . when he resigned and removed to Lynchburg, Va., where 
 he spent the remainder of his long and useful life. He 
 had been licensed by the Presbytery of Winchester in 
 1806. 
 
 Besides building up a Presbyterian Church in Lynchburg, 
 to which he ministered, he established and conducted a 
 female boarding-school, which was largely attended, and 
 flourished for many years. In 1848 he retired from the 
 active duties of life, and died June 23, 1853, at the age of 
 seventy-five years. 
 
 He possessed vigorous talents and uncommon energy of 
 character, and performed at some periods of his life an 
 amount of labor almost incredible. In the community in 
 which he lived he was a general favorite, and was regarded 
 with great affection and veneration. 
 
 RENTGBN. — Clemens Rentgen and his wife, Catharine, 
 and their children, came to the United States from Ger- 
 many in 1793. The Sheeder family came in the same ves- 
 sel. The name in Germany was spelled Roentgen, but the 
 spelling was changed after they came to this country. They 
 were familiarly called in early times the Rankys. They were 
 steel-workers in Europe, at Saarbriicken, on the Upper 
 Rhine. They first settled at the Falls of French Creek, but 
 afterwards came farther down the stream and established iron 
 and steel works near Kimberton, where they manufactured 
 and furnished the government with ship iron during the 
 war of 1812. Letters patent were granted them by the 
 government. The ruins of the old slit-mill, as it was then 
 known, can still be seen on French Creek, near Kimberton. 
 Clemens Rentgen was born in July, 1754, in Saarbriicken, 
 and died in Chester County, Dec. 15, 1833. His wife, 
 Catharine, was born April 25, 1767, and died Dec. 3, 1845. 
 Their children were William, Christian, Peter, and Cath- 
 
710 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 arine. William Kentgen worked at Lawrenoeville, Har- 
 per's Ferry, and Philadelphia ; was master-armorer of the 
 United States arsenal at Pittsburgh, and was afterwards in 
 charge of the small-arms department at St. Louis, where he 
 died of cholera in 1832, and was buried in the United 
 States inclosure with military honors. He was twice 
 married, and left a large family. One of his sons, Charles 
 D. Rentgen, resides in Chester County, at or near Spring 
 City. He occasionally writes poems for the papers. Chris- 
 tian Rentgen was born Aug. 18, 1786, and died Sept. 19, 
 1866 ; and Peter Rentgen was born Oct. 9, 1788, and 
 died Nov. 7, 1873. Clemens Rentgen and his wife, Cath- 
 arine, and sons, Christian and Peter, are all buried at Zion 
 (Lutheran) churchyard in East Pikeland township. 
 
 REYNOLDS, William, is said to have married Mar- 
 garet Exton, by whom he had John, b. 1j650 ; Francis, b. 
 1652 ; and Henry, b. 1655. 
 
 Henry Reynolds came from England in 1676, and 
 settled in Burlington, N. J., after a passage of twenty-two 
 weeks. He mas married there 11, 10, 1678, to Prudence, 
 daughter of William and Prudence Clayton, of Chichester, 
 to which place he removed, and there resided until his death, 
 8, 7, 1724, at the age of sixty-nine years. There is a tra- 
 dition that he raised corn near Dock Creek, in what is now 
 the city of Philadelphia. He took up 1000 acres in the 
 Nottingham settlement, which he devised to his sons Henry 
 and William. To his son Francis he gave the homestead 
 of 290 acres, and 210 more to his son John. 
 
 The children of Henry and Prudence were as follows : 
 
 Margaret, b. 5, 25, 1680, m. Moulder; Mary, b. 9, 
 
 13, 1682, m. Isaac Sharp (?) ; Francis, b. 8, 15, 1684 ; Pru- 
 dence, b. 3, 20, 1687 ; Deborah, b. 4, 16, 1689 ; William, 
 b. 5, 30, 1691 ; Henry, b. 8, 16, 1693 ; John, b. 12, 21, 
 1695 ; Hannah, b. 11, 11, 1697, d. 3, 13, 1726; William 
 (2d), b. 7, 5, 1701. The mother died about 1728. 
 
 Francis Reynolds married, 1712, Elizabeth Acton, of 
 Salem, N. J.,'and settled in Chichester township, where he 
 died in 1760. His children were Prudence, b. 1, 16, 
 1713-4, m. John Dutton ; Lydia, b. 2, 24, 1716, m. Joseph 
 Townsend, Jr., of East Bradford ; Christian, b. 4, 22, 1718, 
 m. John Hoopes, of Goshen ; Henry, b. 4, 12, 1720, m. Sarah 
 Davis; Benjamin, b. 8, 26, 172S, m. Sarah Baker and 
 Phebe White; John, b. 10, 13, 1725; Samuel, and 
 Francis. 
 
 Henry Reynolds (2) married, in 1717, Hannah, daughter 
 of William and Catharine Brown, of Nottingham, born 10, 
 31, 1701, died 12, 12, 1731-2. He married again, 3, 
 23, 1733, Ann, widow of William Howell, and 4, 23, 1743, 
 Mary, widow of Jacob Haines. He died 12, 17, 1779, 
 aged eighty-six years. His son, Jacob, born 9, 14, 1728, 
 died 2, 6, 1799, married, 8, 10, 1751, Rebecca Day, and had 
 a son of the same name, born 11, 10, 1755, who married, 
 10, 19, 1785, Esther Taylor. The third Jacob, born 5, 8, 
 1791, married, 11, 10, 1813, Anna, daughter of Joseph and 
 Mercy Moore. Their children were William M., Mercy 
 Ann, Esther T., Jacob, Adrianna, Benjamin C, Joseph T., 
 Granville T., Stephen John, Anna, and Susan Jane. 
 
 Joseph T. Reynolds was born 7th mo. 26, 1827. He 
 was the first time married, 4th mo. 22, 1858, to Rebecca 
 Pugh, and the second time, 9th mo. 16, 1869, to Elizabeth 
 
 Pugh. By his first marriage there were three children, — 
 Walter P., Elmer E.,and William M. ; and by his second 
 two, — Joseph Cecil and Elwood Abner. In 1862 he pur- 
 chased his farm of 210 acres, situated about one mile from 
 Oxford, and on it built his fine residence, and made many 
 valuable improvements. His place is called "Peace and 
 Plenty." He learned in his youth the miller's trade, which 
 he pursued until his removal to this farm. He has re- 
 peatedly served in township offices and on the school board. 
 His wife is a daughter of Abner Pugh and Charlotte 
 Michener, both descended from old families. 
 
 RHOADS, John, and Elizabeth, his wife, of Derby- 
 shire, had the following children : Adam, b. 6, 30, 1660 ; 
 Mary, b. 11, 30, 1662 ; John, b. 6, 13, 1664 ; Elizabeth, 
 b. 11, 7, 1667 ; Jacob, b. 12, 16, 1670 ; Abraham, b. 10, 
 11, 1672 ; Sarah, b. 3, 5, 1675 ; Hannah, b. 12, 15, 1677; 
 Joseph, b. 2, 5, 1680. 
 
 Adam Rhoads, " the sone of John and Elizabeth Roads, 
 of Wingreayes, County of Darby," England, immigrated to 
 Pennsylvania in 1684, and settled in Darby (now Upper 
 Darby) township. He was from Codnor, in Derbyshire. 
 In 1691 he was married at Darby Meeting to Katharine, 
 the daughter of John Blunston. He was a good citizen, 
 and attended diligently to his religious duties. His children 
 were John, Hannah, Sarah, Elizabeth, Joseph, and Adam. 
 Katharine died 1733, and Adam in 1744-5. 
 
 John Rhoads, Jr., came from Whitlow, in Derbyshire. 
 He was the son of John and Elizabeth Rhoads, and settled 
 in Philadelphia, where he married Hannah Wilcox in 1692. 
 He probably removed to White Marsh. 
 
 John Rhoads, the elder, father of the above-named John 
 and Adam Rhoads, immigrated to Pennsylvania some time 
 after 1696, accompanied by his youngest son, Joseph, and 
 probably by another son, Jacob. He at first settled in 
 Philadelphia, but removed to Darby previous to his death 
 in 1701. It is supposed his wife, Elizabeth, died before he 
 left England. He devised to his son Joseph land in Marple, 
 and to his son John land in White Marsh. 
 
 Joseph Rhoads, the next year after the death of his 
 father, the above-named John Rhoads, was married to 
 Abigail, the daughter of Richard Bonsall, of Darby (now 
 Upper Darby), in accordance with the usages of the Society 
 of Friends. Their children were John, Mary, Elizabeth, 
 Abigail, Rebecca, Joseph, Jane, Benjamin, and James. 
 Joseph settled in Marple, on the land devised to him by his 
 father, which is still owned and occupied by his descend- 
 ants. He died in 1732, and his widow in 1750. 
 
 James Rhoads, son of Joseph, married, 6, 22, 1745, 
 Elizabeth, daughter of John Owen, of Springfield, and 
 had a son, Joseph, who married, 5, 27, 1779, Mary, daughter 
 of George Ashbridge, of Goshen. They resided in Marple, 
 and were the parents of James, George, Joseph, Elizabeth, 
 Rebecca, Phebe, and William. The last named, born 4, 2, 
 1797, married Anne P. Levis and settled in Newtown, 
 where his children— George, William, Esther, and Phebe— 
 were born. George, born 2, 20, 1833, married, 10, 20, 
 1853, Elizabeth Letchworth, born 11, 3, 1826, died in 
 Philadelphia, 6, 13, 1866 ; second marriage, 6, 17, 1868, at 
 Camden, N. J., to Abigail Ann, daughter of William R. 
 and Sarah S. Braddock, born in Medford, N. J., 4, 1, 1834. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 711 
 
 His children have been Robert L., b. in Philadelphia, 8, 
 24, 1854, d. 9, 14, 1861 ; Anna P., b. in Philadelphia, 12, 
 10, 1869 ; William, b. in Westtown township, 7, 25, 1873 ; 
 George Elwood, b. 11, 30, 1874; Gertrude, b. 1, 6, 1877; 
 Helen Elizabeth, b. 9, 26, 1878 ; the last three also in 
 Westtown, where the family resides. 
 
 RICHARDS, Joseph, of Newgate, in the parish of 
 Whitney, and county of Oxon, mason, with his wife, Jane, 
 came to Pennsylvania as early as 1685. He died in Chi- 
 chester township about 1710. His children were Joseph, 
 Nathaniel, Ann (m. to Anthony Weaver and Humphrey 
 Scarlet), and Susanna (m. to James Lownes, of Spring- 
 field). 
 
 Nathaniel, a blacksmith, married Mary, daughter of 
 Richard Mason, and died in Aston in 1700, leaving chil- 
 dren, — William, Nathaniel, Elizabeth, and Mary. Some 
 time after this the widow married Thomas Rowland and 
 removed to the Toughkenamon Valley, in New Garden, 
 where they settled on a large tract (700 acres) of land, 
 called Marberry. Thomas died in 1708, and the deed for 
 the land was made to the widow October 2d in that year. 
 She was married a third time, 8, 30, 1713, to Evan Pow- 
 ell, of Nottingham, who came to live on her property. Her 
 children : William and Mary Richards probably died young, 
 Elizabeth married Roger Kirk, and Nathaniel married Mar- 
 garet, daughter of Allen Wiley. To him Evan Powell and 
 wife conveyed 300 acres of the land in 1717, and 110 more 
 in 1718. He died in 1730, leaving three sons, — William, 
 Nathaniel, and Isaac. Margaret, his widow, married Wil- 
 liam Carpenter prior to 1735, and in 1748 was again left a 
 widow. She died in West Bradford, 12, 5, 1796, aged 
 ninety years, and leaving 113 descendants. The land of 
 Nathaniel Richards was divided among his sons, William, 
 the eldest, receiving 215 acres, Nathaniel 128, and Isaac 
 114 acres. William married, 4, 13, 1751, Joanna Jenkins, 
 and 5, 10, 1759, Jane Miller. 
 
 Isaac Richards married, 1, 17, 1753, Mary Gregg, of 
 Kennet, and had children, — Thomas, Nathaniel, Isaac, 
 William, Mary, and Lydia. Of these, Isaac, b. 4, 18, 
 1759, d. 6, 22, 1854, married, 12, 21, 1785, Ann Pusey, 
 and, as second wife, Tamzen Hoopes. By the first wife he 
 had children,— Joshua, Samuel E., and William ; and by 
 the second, Ann, John, and Phebe. John was born 4, 8, 
 1804, and owns and occupies a part of the original home- 
 stead in New Garden. 
 
 Rowland Richards was an early settler in Tredyffrin. 
 His children were Margaret, Elizabeth, Sarah, Ruth, Sam- 
 uel, and perhaps others. Margaret married John Long- 
 worthy in 1711, Elizabeth married Jacob Thomas, 1717, 
 Sarah married Cadwalader Evans, 1722, and Ruth married 
 Robert Evans, 1729. 
 
 Rowland Richards, son of Samuel, of Tredyffrin, married, 
 5, 22, 1750, Mary Miles, daughter of Richard Miles, of 
 
 Radnor. 
 
 RICHARDSON, Isaac, who appears to have come 
 from Lancashire, England, in or before 1714, settled in 
 Whiteland, where he died in 1726. His wife, Katharine, 
 formerly Gandy, was born 7, 29, 1681, in Cheshire, and on 
 her coming to this country received a certificate from 
 Hartshaw Monthly Meeting, dated 12, 15, 1714, but it is 
 
 thought that she had left England before that date. Her 
 husband was not in membership with Friends. Their chil- 
 dren were Mary, b. 5, 1, 1709, m. Jacob Wright, James 
 House, and John Baldwin ; Elizabeth, b. 9, 10, 1710, m. 
 John Chads; Ellin, or Elinor, b. 10, 28, 1714, m. Abra- 
 ham Parker and William Wickersham ; Martha, b. 3, 23, 
 1717, m. Robert Stewart; Jehu, b. 9, 21, 1721. 
 
 Isaac, the father, bought 550 acres of land from Richard 
 Thomas, which was divided among his children. His 
 widow married Robert Benson, of Uwchlan. 
 
 RILEY, Richard, was born, of English parents, at Mar- 
 cus Hook, Chester (now Delaware) Co., Dee. 14, 1735. 
 He was appointed a justice of the peace in 1766, and was 
 continued in that capacity until the Revolution. When 
 the public attention was directed to the controversy with 
 the mother-country, Richard Riley was found with Anthony 
 Wayne, Francis Johnston, Richard Thomas, William Mont- 
 gomery and the other early asserters of American rights, 
 attending the county gatherings of the people, to devise 
 measures of defense. He was one of the Provincial Con- 
 ference which appointed new delegates to the Continental 
 Congress, with instructions to vote for independence, five 
 of their immediate predecessors having flinched on that 
 momentous question. When Chester County was divided, 
 in 1789, Mr. Riley was elected to the Legislature from the 
 new county, and continued two years. He was afterwards 
 appointed associate judge of Delaware County, and died 
 Aug. 27, 1820, in his eighty-fifth year. 
 
 RICKABAUGH, Dr. Jacob. — Adam Rickabaugh, an 
 emigrant from Switzerland, on the Rhine, settled in Chester 
 County before 1767, for in that year the records show that 
 he purchased 125 acres of land in Tredyffrin township from 
 David Jones. In 1771, in connection with Christian 
 Zook, he bought of John Beaton 200 acres in Charlestown, 
 and in 1804, 53 acres of John and Richard Penn. Besides 
 this last tract, located in Tredyffrin, he bought several others. 
 During the Revolution, on Washington's retreating from 
 the Brandy wine he passed by Adam Rickabaugh's farm, 
 where his soldiers were fed. Adam's son, David, the 
 youngest of fourteen children, married Elizabeth Young, 
 daughter of Peter Young, who came to this country about 
 the time Adam Rickabaugh arrived. To David and Eliza- 
 beth Rickabaugh were born six children, — four sons and two 
 daughters, — of whom the third son and fifth child was Dr. 
 Jacob Rickabaugh, born Feb. 6, 1815, on the farm he now 
 owns. David died in his seventy-fifth year, and his wife in 
 her eighty-second. She belonged to the German Reform 
 and he to the Mennonite Church. Adam and David 
 Rickabaugh were farmers and men of splendid physique. 
 Dr. Jacob Rickabaugh spent his boyhood on the farm and 
 went to the neighboring subscription schools. He also 
 attended the famous classical school presided over by Prof. 
 Joshua Jones, an eminent educator in his day and author 
 of a standard work on grammar. He read medicine with 
 Dr. James Francis Latta, of Tredyffrin, and attended 
 lectures at Medical Department of Pennsylvania College, 
 of Philadelphia, at which institution he was graduated in 
 March, 1842. He now located at his old home in Tredyf- 
 frin where he has since remained in active practice, suc- 
 ceeding his old preceptor. Dr. Latta, who died just pre- 
 
712 
 
 HISTOKT OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 2a^. 
 
 ^^ "^^c 
 
 ^A 
 
 vious to his graduation. His practice has been large, 
 successful, and remunerative. He married Anna S., daugh- 
 ter of J. 8. Pound, of Walworth, Wayne Co., N. Y., by 
 whom he has three surviving children, — David Walter, 
 Mary Elizabeth, and Sarah Emma. One, Anna Catharine, 
 died in her second year. Originally a Democrat, he has 
 been an ardent Republican since the Kansas-Lecompton 
 troubles of President Buchanan's administration. His 
 medical preceptor. Dr. Latta, was an eminent physician, 
 and son of Rev. William Latta, D.D., pastor for half a 
 century of the Great Valley Presbyterian Church, which 
 Dr. Rickabaugh's family attends, and to which, as well as 
 to that of the Mennonites, the doctor is a liberal contributor. 
 He has a pleasant home with beautiful surroundings. 
 
 RING, Nathaniel, purchased land in Bradford town- 
 ship in ItlO and 1712, and died there in 1714. His 
 widow, Elizabeth, married George Strode. Nathaniel's 
 children, so far as known, were William, eldest son, Na- 
 thaniel, Benjamin, Elizabeth, and Elias. Of William 
 nothing further is known. Nathaniel, Jr., perhaps mar- 
 ried, first, Elizabeth Coebourn ; he married Lydia Vernon, 
 4, 6, 1728, and Elizabeth, widow of Archibald McNeil, 
 after 1742. He died Dec. 10, 1766, and was buried at 
 Upper Octorara church, his residence being in West Marl- 
 borough. , His son Nathaniel died March 26, 1766, aged 
 twenty years, and was buried at the same place. A daughter, 
 Hannah, married Thomas Gibson, of Birmingham, 9, 27, 
 1751. His only surviving son, Benjamin, married, 12, 6, 
 1758, Rachel, daughter of Samuel James, and was living 
 near Chads' Ford at the time of the battle of Brandywine. 
 He died 8, 10, 1804, and his wife 2, 27, 1804. Their 
 
 children were Elias, Samuel, Thomas, Nathaniel, Lydia, 
 Benjamin, Rachel, Joshua, and Elizabeth. 
 
 Benjamin Ring, son of the first Nathaniel, was a joiner, 
 and died in Birmingham, November, 1767, " being by acci- 
 dent sorely wounded," and left a wife Susanna, son Na- 
 thaniel, and daughter Elizabeth Chandler. Nathaniel mar- 
 ried about this time Hannah, daughter of James and Mary 
 Brinton, and was the grandfather of Nathaniel and Caleb 
 Ring, near Chads' Ford. 
 
 BUzabeth Ring, daughter of Nathaniel (1), married 
 John Neild, of Aston, and about 1724 a second husband, 
 William Jefferis. 
 
 RINGWALT, Jacob, from Wiirtemberg, landed at 
 Philadelphia, Sept. 28, 1753, and settled in Lancaster 
 County. By his wife, Barbara Wagner, he had three 
 sons, Jacob, Martin, and George, the latter dying at nine- 
 teen years of age, about 1777. Jacob married Catharine, 
 daughter of Adam Diller, and they were the parents of 
 fourteen sons and four daughters, of whom a son, Samuel, 
 was born at New Holland, Lancaster Co., July 14, 1799, 
 and died at Downingtown, Chester Co., May 13, 1875. 
 He in early life took a prominent part in the affairs of 
 Lancaster, his native county, where he filled many positions 
 of trust and responsibility, and also served as deputy sheriff 
 and brigade inspector. His duties in this connection 
 brought him prominently before the public, who highly 
 esteemed him for the genial courtesy of his manner and 
 the integrity of his character. In 1840 he removed to 
 Chester County, which continued to be his residence, save 
 when his duties as brigade quartermaster under the gallant 
 Meade called him to the field in defense of his country. 
 

BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 713 
 
 With Hon. John Hickman and other distinguished men 
 of Chester County, Col. Ringwalt took a prominent part in 
 protesting against the outrage attempted to be perpetrated 
 by the passage of the Lecompton bill. He was a patriot 
 in the fullest sense of the term, a valued and respected 
 citizen, and a successful practical farmer. Col. John For- 
 ney, writing of him, referred to " his deep interest in sci- 
 entific agriculture, his devotion to his State and country, 
 and especially his experience in the war, when in his six- 
 tieth year he entered the Union army and served honorably 
 in a most responsible position. He was a type of the best 
 condition of a Pennsylvania farmer. Down to the day of 
 his death his fondness for books and society, his earnest 
 devotion to the development of his town and country, and 
 his advanced views in everything relating to the improve- 
 ment and cultivation of the soil, were actively maintained."* 
 ^ He was married three times : first, on March 9, 1824, to 
 Sarah McCausland, daughter of Maj. William McCausland, 
 of Leacock, by whom he had one child, that died in in- 
 fancy ; second, to Louisa Luther, by whom he had four 
 children,— John Luther (born Oct. 18, 1828), George 
 Bryan Porter, Louisa Catharine, and Samuel; third, to 
 Anna Parke, by whom he had Thomas Parke (died in in- 
 fancy), Jacob Parke, Jane Edge, and Abiah Parke. John 
 L. and George B. P. are residents of Philadelphia, and the 
 former is well known in literary circles, being sometime 
 one of the editors of the Press. 
 
 ROBERTS, Gen. Geokge W.— The Roberts family is 
 of Welsh descent. Robert Roberts married Elizabeth Pratt, 
 whose son, Pratt Roberts, was married to Ann, daughter of 
 Charles and Ruth Wilson, of East Marlborough. Ann 
 Wilson's grandfather, Charles Wilson, was an emigrant from 
 Ireland, and her grandfather on her mother's side was Jesse 
 Taylor. The eldest son, and one of five children of Pratt 
 Roberts and his wife, Ann (Wilson), was George W. Roberts, 
 born in East Goshen, Oct. 2, 1833. He was killed at Stone 
 River (near Murfreesboro'), Dec. 31, 1862, in which battle 
 he was acting brigadier-general under Sheridan. He spent 
 his boyhood days on the home farm where born. He at- 
 tended school in West Chester, under that famous teacher, 
 Anthony Bolmar, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and at Haver- 
 ford He then went to Yale College, entering the Sopho- 
 more class in 1854, and was graduated with high honors m 
 1857. He had read law while at Yale, and on his return 
 home continued his reading with Hon. Joseph J. Lewis, 
 whose office he entered and with whom he completed his 
 leaal studies. He was admitted to the bar in 1858, at 
 West Chester, and there practiced his profession until the 
 sprin- of 1859, when he removed to Chicago. There, 
 while°in the successful practice of his profession, he deter- 
 mined to enter the army, and in company with David 
 Stewart began recruiting for the 42 d Illinois Volunteers 
 July 22 1861, he received- his commission as major ot 
 the regiment, and on September ^^f^-^^^'^f^^^^^, 
 ant-colonel, and upon the death of Col. Webb, De . 24, 
 1861 he was chosen colonel. With his regiment Col. 
 Roberts took part in the well-known march of Gen. ire- 
 mont to Springfield, after which the 42d went into quarters 
 
 » From " Memorial of the Diller Family.'' 
 
 at Smithtown, Mo. After the fall of Fort Donelson the 
 colonel proceeded with his regiment to Fort Holt, near 
 Cairo, where he held command of the fort, at that time 
 garrisoned by his regiment (42d Illinois Volunteers), 8th 
 Ohio, and a battery of the 2d Illinois Artillery. Thence 
 he was ordered to Columbus after its evacuation by the 
 enemy, and next proceeded to Island No. 10, where he per- 
 formed a most valuable service during a night expedition 
 in spiking a number of guns. Here Col. Roberts made his 
 first mark as one of the heroes of the army. Seeing the 
 boats could not pass the island unless the upper battery 
 was silenced, the muzzles of all the guns of which were but 
 a few inches above water, and which could have sunk any 
 boat which might try to pass, he conceived the idea of spik- 
 ing their guns. On the dark and stormy night of April 1, 
 1862, when almost a hurricane lashed the waters of the 
 Mississippi, he embarked with but forty men of his regi- 
 ment, in five small boats, upon that perilous expedition. 
 Its success is history, — noble, grand, and sublime. His 
 regiment was next ordered to Fort Pillow, and from there 
 accompanied Gen. Pope up the Tennessee, and took part in 
 the engagement at Farmington. He distinguished himself 
 in that battle, where he, with Company B of his regiment, 
 covered the retreat. He then served under Brig.-Gen. Pal- 
 mer, and marched from Decatur to Nashville in command 
 of the 1st brigade, 1st division. Army of the Mississippi. 
 Col. Roberts distinguished himself in several skirmishes 
 with the rebels while intrusted with his command, particu- 
 larly during the siege of Nashville and its bombardment, 
 Nov. 5, 1862, in which he repelled the enemy from every 
 point assigned to him to defend. Wearied with garrison 
 life, he soon applied to Gen. Rosecrans for more active duty, 
 and was ordered to report to Gen. Sheridan. On the morn- 
 ing of Dec. 30, 1862, he had the advance of the 20th Army 
 Corps, and his skirmish drove the rebels to their breast, 
 works'. On the 31st his brigade fought most bravely, en- 
 gaging two rebel divisions at once,— one in front and one on 
 the right flank,— and not until a third division of the rebels 
 came on his left flank and rear did his troops fall back. He 
 then changed front along the Wilkerson pike, and while 
 gallantly inspiring his men with his words and deeds a fatal 
 ball struck him, wounding him mortally. One incident is 
 worthy of mention. While a rebel division (Cleburne's) 
 were driving some of our regiments before them he asked 
 permission from Gen. Sheridan to charge upon the enemy, 
 which was granted. Galloping up before the 42d IlUnois, he 
 waved his cap and ordered them to fix bayonets. The men, 
 filled with enthusiasm at this exhibition of bravery by their 
 loved commander, rushed upon the rebel ranks with irre- 
 sistible vehemence, and the enemy broke and fled in great 
 confusion. The discomfiture of the rebel force at that mo- 
 ment was most opportune. It delayed their renewed attack 
 upon our right wing for a considerable time, thus permit- 
 ting the reforming of our broken columns, and unquestion- 
 ably greatly contributed to stem the adverse tide of fortune 
 and to the achievement of final victory. When he fell his 
 commission was made out promoting him to a brigadier- 
 generalship. George W. Roberts lives in the memory and 
 affections of the people for his life-blood services to his 
 country. 
 
 90 
 
714 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Jambs C. Roberts. — One of the numerous examples 
 of poor boys rising by their industry, good character, and 
 talents to become leading business men is that of James C. 
 Roberts. He was born Sept. 5, 1822, at Pleasant Valley, 
 Dutchess Co., N. Y., and was married, Sept. 5, 1842, to 
 Asenath Kelly Reed, of Framingham, Mass., born March 
 16, 1825. The fruits of this union were seven children, 
 — George C, Josephine, Charles N. (dec'd), Edward D., 
 James C, Jr., Anna Elizabeth, m. Thomas A. Lloyd; and 
 George B. M. 
 
 About the year 1850, Mr. Roberts came to Manayunk, 
 in this State, where he lived two or three years, and then 
 returned to Dalton, Mass., where he remained about one 
 year. He then came again to Manayunk, and afterwards 
 to Fisherville. There he began as a collier, rose to be 
 manager, and obtained an interest in the woolen-mills, be- 
 sides his salary under Mr. During. 
 
 He was a member of the Masonic and Odd-Fellows' orders, 
 and most charitable in his intercourse with the world, 
 giving largely to all the churches in his neighborhood. 
 Was a Republican in politics and a warm supporter of the 
 government in the war for the suppression of the Rebel- 
 lion. He was self-educated, and never attended school 
 after the seventh year of his age. 
 
 John Roberts, son of John, of Merion, married, 9, 
 3, 1720, Hannah, daughter of Robert and Lowry (Jones) 
 Lloyd, of Merion, born 9, 21, 1699, died 1, 15, 1763. 
 John died the next year, and his only child, of the same 
 name, was born after his father's death. The widow mar- 
 ried, 9, 22, 1722, William Pasohall, of Whiteland, widower, 
 and after his death became the wife of Peter Osborne, 4, 
 6, 1734. 
 
 John Roberts, born 8, 15, 1721, died 11, 4, 1778, mar- 
 ried, 4, 1, 1743, at Uwchlan Meeting, Jane Downing, 
 
 JAMES C. ROBERTS. 
 
 He rented of W. D. McFarland the old mill and operated 
 it two or three years, and then purchased it about 1862-63. 
 There were then only seven houses at this point, and he 
 built up the place, erecting houses and making additions to 
 the mill. The average number of hands employed in this 
 woolen-mill from the time he purchased until now was sixty. 
 It is now operated by his son, James C. Roberts, Jr., is 
 called Beaver Mills, is three miles from Downingtown, and 
 is one of the best manufacturing establishments in the 
 State. Mr. Roberts died July 5, 1872, aged forty-nine 
 years and ten months. 
 
 In 1849 he was elected a representative from Chester 
 County to the State Legislature, and served one term with 
 great acceptance to his constituents. He was ever a true 
 friend of the poor and needy, and was universally esteemed 
 and his death in his prime of life made a vacancy hard 
 to be filled in the social and business circles of the county. 
 
 daughter of Thomas and Thomazine, of East Cain, b. 10, 
 6, 1723, d. 10, 29, 1795. They lived in Merion, where 
 their children were born, as follows : Thomas, b. 12, 7, 
 1743, d. 5, 25, 1799 ; Isaac, b. 1, 19, 1745-6, d. 6, 2o[ 
 1772; Hannah, b. 2, 12, 1748, d. 12, 5, 1821, m. Reece 
 Price; Sarah, b. 11, 10, 1749, d. 2, 20, 1840, m. George 
 Thomas ; Jehu, b. 9, 20, 1751, d. 1, 3, 1818, m. Elizabeth 
 Jones ; Mary, b. 1, 13, 1754, d. 5, 1, 1797, m. William 
 Hunter ; Jane, b. 5, 26, 1756, d. 9, 26, 1807, m. Richard 
 Tunis ; Thomazine, b. 5, 2, 1758, d. 6, 25, 1838, m. Eli 
 Yarnall ; John, b. 8, 10, 1760, d. 8, 24, 1763 ; John (2) 
 b. 5, 24, 1765, d. 8, 31, 1769; Elizabeth, b. 3, 31, 1763, 
 d. 4, 8, 1790, m. Isaac McPherson; Ann, b. 6 20 1768' 
 d. 11, 19, 1850, m. Richard Trimble. ' ' ' 
 
 Jehu Roberts married, 11, 23, 1792, Elizabeth Jones, 
 born 9, 10, 1764, died 5, 15, 1842, daughter of James and 
 Ann Jones, and settled in West Whiteland. He was ap- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 715 
 
 pointed an elder of Uwchlan Meeting 10, 8, 1*795. His 
 children were John, who married Harriet Fairlamb, and 
 Ann J., who married Joseph Coates and Thomas R. Mat- 
 thews. The children of John and Harriet occupy the 
 homestead. 
 
 ROGERS, Joseph, one of the first settlers in Vincent, 
 is said to have lived in a cave on the site where the barn 
 was afterwards erected. The time of settlement is fixed at 
 1712, when his son Joseph was two years old. He died 
 about 1754 leaving children, — Joseph, Mary, and Hannah. 
 
 Joseph, Jr., married, in 1741, Hannah, daughter of Wil- 
 liam and Hannah Watson, of New Providence, born 6, 23, 
 1717, died 12, 6, 1778. Joseph died 6, 13, 1778. Their 
 children were Rebekah, b. 12, 23, 1742, d. 11, 21, 1807, 
 m. Reuben Thomas and John Meredith ; James, b. 2, 27, 
 1744, m. Priscilla Griffith ; John, b. 8, 4, 1746 ; Mary, b. 
 12, 26, 1747 ; William, b. 9, 1, 1749, died young; Wil- 
 liam, b. 6, 3, 1752 ; Jonathan, b. 2, 15, 1755 ; Hannah, b. 
 1, 12, 1-757. 
 
 William Rogers married, Jan. 26, 1779, Mary, daugh- 
 ter of William Evans, Esq., of Vincent, and had the fol- 
 lowing children : Sarah, Charles, John, George, William, 
 Isaac, Evans, Mary, Hannah, Hannah, George, William, 
 and Sarah. 
 
 Jonathan Rogers married, 5, 11, 1780, Ann, daughter 
 of William and Rebecca Jones, of Whitemarsh, and had 
 issue, — Charles, William, Hannah, Rebecca, Joseph, Ben- 
 jamin, Jonathan, David, James, Samuel, and Ann. 
 
 Of these, William, born 8, 3, 1782, was at one time 
 sheriff of the county, and his daughter is now the wife of 
 Dr. J. B. Wood, chief burgess of West Chester. 
 
 ROSS, Alexander, resided in Scotland, where his son, 
 John Ross, was bom in 1637, and his grandson, John 
 Ross (the son of John), in 1658. The latter removed 
 with his wife and five children to the city of Derry, Ire- 
 land, in 1689. He was in the battle of the Boyne. His 
 son, John Ross (the third of the name), was born in Scot- 
 land in 1685, and emigrated to America in 1706, when he 
 was twenty-one years of age, to escape being pressed into 
 the British army. He sailed in the ship " Northern Light," 
 which was wrecked off the shoals of Cape May about the 
 1st of August of that year. He saved nothing but the 
 clothes on his person, and traveled up the Jersey shore on 
 foot to a point opposite New Castle, and there crossed the 
 Delaware to that place, pledging his silver knee-buckles for 
 the ferriage. He soon thereafter took his course into 
 Chester Co., Pa., and stopped in New Garden with William 
 Miller, to whom he had letters from Ireland. Here he 
 taught school for two years, and then, in 1708, with re- 
 mittances received from Ireland, he purchased a tract of 
 land in the southern part of the township of Londongrove. 
 These lands he named " Roscommon." A part of the first 
 building he erected thereon is still standing. He married 
 Margaret Small in 1722, and they had two sons and four 
 daughters. He died in 1782, at a very advanced age. In 
 his early days on the farm, the Indians were accustomed, 
 especially during inclement weather, to sleep on the kitchen- 
 floor, always departing early and never disturbing anything. 
 There was an Indian burying-ground on the property, 
 which was sacredly guarded from molestation by Mr. Ross 
 
 and his descendants. Many Indian relics have been found 
 from time to time. 
 
 His youngest son, John Ross (the fourth of the name), 
 was born in 1747, and in 1774 married Margaret Young, 
 daughter of Samuel Young, Esq., of New Castle, Del. He 
 inherited the farm, and resided thereon, and died Feb. 16, 
 1830. His wife, Margaret, died Oct. 24, 1808. Their 
 children were Samuel, John, George, Washington, Eliza- 
 beth, the wife of John W. Cuningham, and Ann Graham. 
 
 Washington Ross, his youngest son, was born Aug. 24, 
 1792, in the substantial stone mansion which had been 
 built in 1780. He received the farm by devise from his 
 father, and resided thereon until his death, in January, 
 1862. His wife was Margaret Cochran. He left three 
 children, — Elizabeth, wife of Wilson Marshall, Margaret, 
 wife of Rev. Henry Brown, of Chester, Pa., and John. 
 
 The Ross family were always among the leading, intelli- 
 gent, and influential citizens of the southern part of Chester 
 County. 
 
 Dr. John Ross was born in Bucks Co., Pa., May 2, 
 1762. He was the son of John Ross, who was also a 
 physician. His grandfather, Thomas Ross, was born in 
 the county Tyrone, Ireland, in 1708, and came to America 
 about the twentieth year of his age. He settled in Bucks 
 County, and, becoming a member of the Society of Friends, 
 joined the Buckingham Meeting. He soon became an ap- 
 proved minister among the Friends, and visited their meet- 
 ings in various places. Towards the close of 1783 he was 
 drawn to visit the churches in Great Britain and Ireland, 
 whither he sailed in the 4th month, 1784. He died at 
 Holdgate, near the city of York, at the house of Lindley 
 Murray, Feb. 13, 1786, in the seventy-eighth year of his 
 age. 
 
 The subject of this notice received a plain English edu- 
 cation, and with his brother Thomas learned the trade of a 
 millwright. Soon after they were free from their appren- 
 ticeship the brothers conferred together, and both resolved 
 that they would not pursue the laborious trade which they 
 had learned ; and thereupon John went to study medicine, 
 and Thomas studied law. Thomas was for many years one 
 of the principal members of the Chester County bar, and 
 died 10, 21, 1822. John Ross studied under a Dr. Derby, 
 of New Jersey. He never graduated, yet by industry and 
 close study he acquired a very respectable standing in his 
 profession. When he had completed his studies he married 
 a lady of the Fitz Randolph family, in New Jersey. 
 Shortly after this he removed to New Garden, in Chester 
 Co., Pa,, where he commenced the practice of physic, and 
 continued it for upwards of thirty years. In 1819 he re- 
 moved to the State of Ohio, and died at Lebanon some two 
 or three years after his removal to the West. 
 
 He left four children, of whom Hon. Thomas R. Ross, 
 his eldest son, was a lawyer, and formerly a member of Con- 
 gress from Ohio ; a daughter, Mrs. Sarah R. Corwin, was 
 the wife of Hon. Thomas Corwin, a distinguished repre- 
 sentative and statesman of the " Buckeye State." Dr. Ross 
 was faithful, respectable, and popular as a physician ; as a 
 citizen, high-minded and liberal ; as a husband and parent, 
 kind and affectionate ; as a man, endowed with warm feel- 
 ings, and generous to a fault. 
 
716 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 James Ross, LL.D., was born in Oxford (now Upper 
 Oxford) township, Chester Co., Pa., May 18, 1*744. His 
 grandfather, James Ross, resided in Carrickfergus, county 
 Antrim, Ireland, and had three sons, — John, Hugh, and 
 William, — who all came to America about the year 1723. 
 John was a sea-captain, married in Connecticut, and had a 
 son Robert, who was a Presbyterian minister. Hugh set- 
 tled in York Co., Pa., and had a daughter, who married 
 John Purdon, a merchant in Philadelphia. They were the 
 parents of John Purdon, who was a lawyer, and the original 
 compiler of the well-known " Purdon's Digest." William 
 first settled in York County, afterwards came to Chester 
 County, and took up and settled on a tract of land about 
 one mile southeast of Russellville. He married Elizabeth 
 Kidd, by whom he had eight children, among them James 
 Ross, the subject of this sketch. William Ross died in 
 1799, at the age of ninety-four years. 
 
 James Ross was educated at the College of New Jersey. 
 He first taught a classical school in Philadelphia for a 
 number of years ; was Professor of Languages in Dickinson 
 College, Carlisle, Pa., from 1784 to 1792 ; teacher of the 
 Greek and Latin languages, and rector of the Franklin 
 Academy, in Chambersburg, Pa., from 1792 to 1802 ; prin- 
 cipal of a classical school in the old Franklin College build- 
 ing, Lancaster, Pa., from 1802 to 1806, and then again 
 removed to Philadelphia, where he was principal of a clas- 
 sical school in North Fourth Street, below Arch, until about 
 the year 1826, one year before his death, when he was 
 advanced in years, and old age disqualified him for his useful 
 profession. 
 
 His knowledge of mathematics and the physical sciences 
 was but slender, and he would not teach any of the English 
 branches, — not a line of arithmetic or geography, or of any 
 common English study. Like the celebrated Rousseau, he 
 could never clearly comprehend some of the simplest propo- 
 sitions in Euclid, and could not without diflSculty calculate 
 the change in the market when purchasing necessaries for 
 his family. He was, however, pre-eminent as a linguist. 
 His talents lay all in the direction of the classics, and in 
 these — especially in the Latin language — he has had few, 
 if indeed any, superiors in this country. His school was 
 entirely classical. He required his pupils who were suffi- 
 ciently advanced to speak in Latin, and he would answer no 
 question from them in school except in that language ; and 
 when they began the study of Greek, he required them to 
 translate from Greek into Latin, not into English. He used 
 Latin-Greek grammars and Latin-Greek lexicons. The 
 consequence of this system of training was that his pupils 
 were distinguished, in the colleges where they went to com- 
 plete their education, for their knowledge of the ancient 
 languages. A more thorough Greek and Latin teacher has 
 never prepared boys for college. 
 
 He possessed the rare gift of being able to inspire his 
 pupils with a permanent and enthusiastic love for these 
 studies. Among his pupils were several prominent men of 
 the last and present generations. Of these may be named 
 Rev. Nathaniel Randolph Snowden, the father of Hon. 
 James Ross Snowden, late director of the mint at Phila- 
 delphia, who partially named his son for his learned pre- 
 ceptor and friend ; Rev. James P. Wilson, D.D., now of 
 
 Newark, N. J., Rev. James W. Alexander, D.D., Hon. 
 Henry A. Muhlenberg, of Reading. Pa., and Dr. Samuel 
 Humes, of Lancaster, the latter of whom kept up his read- 
 ing of the classics to the day of his death. Mr. Ross was 
 also a frequent visitor of the celebrated botanist, Rev. Henry 
 Muhlenberg, D.D., president of Franklin College, Lancas- 
 ter, who had been educated at the University of Halle. 
 Their conversation was often carried on in Latin. 
 
 He taught three generations; in some instances chil- 
 dren and their fathers and grandfathers were his pupils in 
 succession. He used to carry his cat-o'-nine-tails, his in- 
 strument of punishment, dangling from his little finger, 
 and it is related of him that he not unfrequently ate his 
 dinner with it hanging that way. He is said to have been 
 somewhat deficient in governing talent. 
 
 Mr. Ross was a fluent speaker, and exhibited his learning 
 on all occasions. He was rather eccentric in his manners, 
 and as the classical languages were his hobby, his ordinary 
 discourse was tinctured with a dash of pedantry. Of this 
 amiable weakness, it is said, his scholars took advantage to 
 quiz him. 
 
 He wrote and published a grammar of the Latin lan- 
 guage, which was greatly in advance, of all its predecessors, 
 and was for many years a favorite text-book in our colleges 
 and academies, and was extensively used until superseded by 
 those of more modern date. It was first published at Cham- 
 bersburg in 1798, where the author was then principal of 
 the Franklin Academy. The second edition was published 
 at Lancaster in 1802, and the subsequent editions in Phila- 
 delphia. It passed through several editions under the 
 supervision of the author, one of which appeared wholly 
 in Latin, and received the commendations of the most 
 learned classical scholars of the day. Among those who 
 recommended it may be named Rev. Dr. Henry Muhlen- 
 berg, Rev. Dr. C. Becker, of Lancaster, Rev. Dr. Ashbel 
 Green, Chief Justice Tilghman, Rev. Dr. James P. Wil- 
 son, and Prof Wiltbank, of the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania. Dr. Becker's recommendation of the second edition 
 was in these words : " Quo libro a me perscrutato, ex animo 
 applaudo," which may be thus rendered in the vernacular, 
 — " which book, being by me thoroughly examined, from 
 my conscience I approve it." It is said that, owing to the 
 deficiency of the author in the English branches, the preface 
 to his grammar cost him more trouble in preparation than 
 any other part of his work. 
 
 This grammar is a most admirable work of its kind, and 
 well deserved the popularity which it enjoyed, and there is 
 certainly room to question whether those which have taken 
 its place are better, if indeed as good. In all the essentials 
 of a text-book— in simplicity, clearness of arrangement, 
 accuracy of quantity and accent, and the absence of un- 
 necessary details— it excels. And this is a rare merit. To 
 a careless observer it may seem an easy thing to compile a 
 good text-book, but every teacher who seeks what is exactly 
 adapted to his wants knows that they are very hard to find, 
 even amid the teeming multitudes that flood the land, and 
 follow each other as the waves of the ocean. One feature 
 in this grammar is worthy of note, which, vvhile it betrays 
 the eccentricity of the man, shows at the same time his 
 love for the language and his desire to aid the learner, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 717 
 
 that is the quaint rhymes in which he sums up the excep- 
 tions under the several declensions of nouns. The prosody 
 of Hoss' grammar was, however, defective in many respects, 
 and being for the most part in Latin, presented innumera- 
 ble difiBculties to the student. To remedy this defect, and 
 to make the grammar correspond to the advanced state of 
 classical philology, a new edition was published in 1844, 
 with additions and emendations by Professor N. C. Brooks, 
 of Baltimore. This edition is still in use. Besides the 
 grammar, Mr. Ross edited editions of several elementary 
 Latin books, among them " Cordery's Colloquies," ".ffisop's 
 Fables," " Select Colloquies of Erasmus," " Selectie e Pro- 
 fanis Historae," and " Ciceronis Epistolae." He was most 
 remarkably particular in the quantity and accent, and in 
 these was very accurate. He translated the Presbyterian 
 " Shorter Catechism" into Latin, and taught it in his school. 
 He also compiled a Greek grammar, founded on the West- 
 minster grammar. It was first published in 1813, and a 
 second edition appeared in 1817. No portion of it was 
 in English. It was entirely Greek and Latin. The trus- 
 tees of the University of Pennsylvania directed it to be 
 used in their grammar-school. He always retained the 
 copyright of his books, and they yielded him a handsome 
 revenue. 
 
 In 1810, Mr. Ross wrote a Latin poem on the Yellow 
 Springs, in Pikeland township. In 1815 he wrote a similar 
 poem descriptive of the battle of New Orleans, then re- 
 cently fought, which he addressed to Thomas Jefferson, and 
 which was highly laudatory of Gen. Jackson, the hero of 
 the battle. He also wrote a Latin ode addressed to Lafay- 
 ette, on the occasion of his visit to this country in 1824- 
 25. These poems were in imitation of the odes of Horace, 
 and were published in the newspapers of the day. He was 
 very fond of composing and reciting Latin verse, and a 
 large quantity of manuscript in that language was found 
 among his papers after his decease. He was a hard 
 student, and had collected a large library, which was por- 
 tioned out, as directed by his will, among his friends and 
 relatives. It was his practice to write remarks on the 
 margin of the book while reading it, such as " Hie ignare 
 erras." 
 
 As illustrative of his Latin proclivities, it is related of 
 him that being in court during the trial of a cause, in which 
 one of the counsel said there was no rule without an excep- 
 tion, Mr. Ross in an audible voice denied the statement, 
 adding, by way of illustration, that " nouns of the second 
 declension in um are always of the neuter gender." 
 
 He was an attendant of the First Presbyterian Church of 
 Philadelphia, of which Rev. Dr. James P. Wilson was then 
 pastor. His seat was in the gallery, and before him on a 
 little shelf he had several books,— Hebrew Bible; Greek 
 Testament, concordance, lexicons, etc. When the text was 
 announced he would turn to the passage, and was always 
 much interested in the critical explanation of portions of 
 the Scriptures. 
 
 He received the honorary degree of A.M. from Prince- 
 ton College in 1818. He must have had that degree, how- 
 ever, in course, as in the first edition of his grammar, pub- 
 lished' in 1798, he styles himself "A.M." He was in 
 after-life honored with the degree of LL.D. 
 
 In the days of " Federal" and " Democrat" he followed 
 the fortunes of the latter party ; was a great friend of home 
 manufactures, and encouraged them by wearing domestic 
 clothing when better could have been purchased of English 
 manufacture at a much less price. 
 
 Mr. Ross was tall and well proportioned, of erect car- 
 riage and ruddy complexion, dignified, but courteous and 
 gentlemanly in his demeanor. He was of very quick tem- 
 perament, nervous and excitable, and seemingly could not 
 remain long in one position. He was an honest, upright 
 man, of spotless moral character, and artless as a child. He 
 died in Philadelphia, July 6, 1827, in the eighty-fourth 
 year of his age. His remains were interred in the burial- 
 ground of the Methodist church, at the old Academy, in 
 Fourth Street, near Arch, Philadelphia, but were subse- 
 quently removed by his widow to Carlisle. 
 
 He was twice married, — first to Rosanah Sharp, second 
 to Catharine Irvine, of Carlisle, who survived him, and died 
 at the latter place in 1846. He left no descendants. 
 
 RUSTON, Job, was born in Berwick, near the line be- 
 tween England and Scotland, and came to this country 
 early in the eighteenth century. He was of the Presbyte- 
 rian faith, and settled on Fagg's Manor, and in 1739 pur- 
 chased from James Logan and Peter Lloyd, attorneys for 
 Letitia Aubrey, the owner of that manor, 425 acres of it 
 on its western side and near its southern boundary, and 
 partly within the present limits of Upper Oxford township. 
 On this tract he settled and erected buildings, including a mill, 
 now known as McDowell's mill. His dwelling stood near 
 the mill, and on the site of the present dwelling-house late 
 of Marshall W. Aitkin, deceased. Here he resided during 
 his life. The present mill building was erected by him, 
 and took the place of a former mill near by, which had also 
 been built by him. A pair of stones in the present mill, 
 now in use, were sent to Mr. Ruston from England, it is 
 believed by his son Thomas. He afterwards purchased 44 
 acres adjoining this tract, and also a tract of 436 acres sit- 
 uate in Penn's Manor, in the same township, a little north- 
 west of Penn's Grove meeting- and school-house, and on 
 and near the road leading from his residence at the mill to 
 the present village of Russellville. One half of this tract 
 he sold to his son-in-law. Rev. John Evans Finley. He 
 received funds from England, which enabled him to make 
 these large purchases, and he was, for the times and local- 
 ity, a man of considerable wealth. 
 
 Job Ruston was one of the founders and stanch sup- 
 porters of the Fagg's Manor Presbyterian Church, of which 
 his son-in-law. Rev. John Evans Finley, was pastor from 
 1781 to 1793. During the French and Indian war he 
 commanded a company from Chester County. He was one 
 of the most intelligent, energetic, and useful men in the 
 western part of the county. He was twice married. His 
 first wife, Mary Ruston, died June 19, 1757, at the age of 
 thirty-nine years. On her tombstone in the graveyard at 
 Fagg's Manor it is recorded that " she bore unto him in 
 twenty-two years twelve children," and underneath are 
 
 these quaint lines : 
 
 "The dame that lieth underneath this tomb 
 Had Rachel's face and Leah's fruitful womb, 
 Abigail's wisdom, Lydia's open heart, 
 With Martha's oare, and Mary's better part," 
 
718 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Job Ruston died in January, 1785. Among his children 
 were Dr. Thomas Ruston and Sarah Ruston. The latter 
 married Dr. Samuel Kennedy. They were the parents of 
 Dr. Thomas Ruston Kennedy, and grandparents of Joseph 
 C. G. Kennedy, who is now connected with the Census 
 Bureau at Washington. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Ruston, the eldest son of Job Ruston, was 
 born in 1742, in Upper Oxford township. He was given 
 the best education that the times afforded, and in 1762 
 was graduated at Princeton College. The following year 
 he went to Europe, and graduating at the Medical Depart- 
 ment of the University of Edinburgh, at once took such 
 high rank in his profession as to be appointed surgeon in 
 charge of the Devon and Exeter Hospital, at Exeter, Eng- 
 land, where he remained for more than fifteen years. Dur- 
 ing this time he married Miss Mary Fisher, of London, and 
 in the year 1785 they came to America, and resided in 
 Philadelphia. The doctor was the first American who had 
 graduated at Edinburgh, and only won his way by the 
 severest study. His wife was possessed of an ample for- 
 tune, and she brought with her to this country forty thou- 
 sand guineas, equal to two hundred thousand dollars, a large 
 sum for those days. They lived in Philadelphia in style, and 
 entertained lavishly, and had at their board from time to 
 time the wealth and culture of the land. A diary was 
 kept by Mrs. Ruston, now in the possession of one of her 
 descendants, in which she recorded an account of the din- 
 ners given by them, and containing diagrams showing the 
 position and names of the dishes on the table, and the 
 names of the guests. Among those with whom they were 
 on friendly terms was Dr. Benjamin Franklin. On Jan. 
 12, 1786, the year following Dr. Ruston's return to 
 America, he addressed a letter to Dr. Franklin on the sub- 
 ject of "smoky chimneys," and a remedy to cure the evil 
 which was published in the Transactions of the American 
 Philosophical Society. 
 
 Dr. Ruston, after his return from England, engao'ed with 
 others in extensive land speculations, which, although prom- 
 ising well, subsequently proved disastrous, and his wife's 
 ample fortune, as well as his own, was dissipated. He died 
 in Philadelphia in 1811. 
 
 He wrote several books and pamphlets, which are referred 
 to in another part of this volume. Although so identified 
 with the early history of the county, the family name has 
 become extinct. 
 
 His father devised his real estate to him, subject to the 
 payment of legacies to his other children. In the settle- 
 ment of the estate litigation ensued, which was carried to 
 the Supreme Court of the State. The case will be found 
 reported as Ruston vs. Ruston, in 2 Yeates' Reports, page 
 54, and 2 Dallas' Reports, page 243. 
 
 Dr. Ruston left three children, — Chariotte, Mary, and 
 Thomas. Chariotte married Richard M. Hannum, a son 
 of Col. John Hannum, one of the founders of West Ches- 
 ter. Mary married first William Harrison, by whom she 
 had one son, Charies Harrison, who became a lawyer, and 
 
 second John Wheeler, by whom she had two children 
 
 John and Mary. John was educated at the New London 
 Academy, and subsequently resided in West Chester, and 
 carried on the mercantile business with Cheyney Nields. I 
 
 Mary, born in 1807, at Valley Forge, married Uriah V. 
 Pennypacker, Esq., of the Chester County bar, in 1834. 
 Thomas Ruston, Jr., was engaged in the iron business at 
 Valley PorgCj^and aflerwards removed to Kentucky, where 
 he died childless. 
 
 RYANT, Chaeles, of Concord, became a member of 
 Concord Meeting, 3, 2, 1752, by request, and married Ann 
 Chamberlain, daughter of John and Lettice, of Aston, 5, 27, 
 1752. The name as recorded at this time was ReyoQ. By 
 this marriage there were two children, — Lettice, who mar- 
 ried Abraham Darlington, Jr., and Elizabeth, who married 
 Charies Dilworth, 4, 22, 1790. Charies Ryant, now of 
 Groshen, married Hannah Sharpies, widow of Nathan, of 
 Groshen, and daughter of Joseph and Martha Townsend, of 
 East Bradford. They had two children, — Ann, born 1, 13, 
 1759, who married Caleb Haines, and Nathan, b. 8, 27, 
 1762, who died young. They lived on the Sharpies farm, 
 in what is now West Chester, for several years. Hannah 
 died 12, 31, 1790, and he married again, 9, 22, 1791, 
 Mary Carroll, but his further history is unknown. 
 
 SAVAGE, Samuel, was admitted a freeman April 9, 
 1705 (of Philadelphia?), and paid for the same £1 2s. 6d. 
 He married Anna, the eldest daughter of Thomas Butter, 
 of Germantown, and with him went up to the Manatawny 
 region to establish iron-works. (See memorial of Potts 
 family.) 
 
 The will of Samuel Savage, of Mahanatania, in the 
 county of Philadelphia, is dated Sept. 25, 1719, and proved 
 July 19, 1720. He appoints his wife, Anna, sole execu- 
 trix, but " she is to take the advice and consent of my 
 brother, John Savage, and my father-in-law, Thomas But- 
 ter." 
 
 The children of Samuel and Anna Savage were Thomas, 
 d. 1739, unmarried, in Coventry; Samuel, d. 1742, m. 
 Ann Taylor, 1731 ; Joseph ; John, died young, from bite 
 of a rattlesnake ; Ruth, d. Jan. 7, 1786, m. John Potts, 
 April 11, 1734; Rebeccah, d. 1800, m. Samuel Nutt, Jr., 
 and Robert Grace. 
 
 Anna, the mother, was born 8, 25, 1686, and died in 
 August, 1760. She married a second husband, Samuel 
 Nutt, of Coventry, who established iron-works in Chester 
 County. He died near the close of 1737. 
 
 Samuel Savage, Jr., married Ann Taylor, daughter of 
 Isaac and Martha Taylor, of Thornbury. By indenture of 
 May 5, 1740, his mother conveyed to him j^ of -^ of the 
 iron ore on 250 acres on French Creek, his sister, Rebecca 
 Nutt, being owner of the land and of ^ of the ore. By 
 another indenture, of May 6, 1740, his mother conveyed to 
 him I interest in Warwick Furnace, and two tracts of 650 
 and 705 acres thereunto belonging. 
 
 Samuel, by will dated Sept. 22, 1742, devised his inter- 
 est in Warwick and the mine tract to his son Samuel, afler 
 his mother's death ; but the son died intestate, without 
 issue, and it was inherited by his sisters, who sold their 
 shares to Butter and Potts. 
 
 The children of Samuel and Ann (Taylor) Savage were 
 
 Samuel, left no issue, probably unmarried ; Anna, m. 
 
 Walker; Martha, m. Thomas Hockley; Ruth, m. James 
 Hockley ; Mary, m. William Crooks. 
 Samuel Savage (2) is styled of Warwick, iron-master, 
 
" Birthplace' 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 719 
 
 in the conveyance from his mother in 1Y40, but in his will 
 " of East Nantmell." 
 
 SCARLET, Humphrey, married Ann Weaver, widow 
 of Anthony, and daughter of Joseph and Jane Richards, 
 and resided in Chichester, where he died about 1746. His 
 children were John, m. Elinor Martin, 1715 ; Shadrach,m. 
 Phebe Bowater, 1717 ; Susanna, m. Daniel Brown, 9, 22, 
 1721 ; Nathaniel, b. about 1700, d. 11, 2, 1784, m. Han- 
 nah Dutton, 8, 29, 1730 ; Elizabeth, m. 10, 15, 1726, to 
 Richard Cox ; Mary, m. to Thomas Hall ; and Rebecca, m. 
 
 to Brown. 
 
 John removed to Berks County, Shadrach to London- 
 grove township, and Nathaniel to New Garden, where de- 
 scendants may be found. 
 
 SEAL, William, supposed from England, settled in 
 Birmingham, and married, 8, 31, 1718, Hannah, daughter 
 of Joseph and Hannah Gilpin, of that township. He died 
 in 1742, and his widow and the eldest two of his children 
 in 1746. Their children were Rachel, b. 7, 19, 1719; 
 Joseph, b. 11, 16, 1720; Hannah, b. 6, 2, 1724, m. John 
 Bennett; William, b. 10, 17, 1726, m. Susanna Temple 
 and Rachel Darlington ; Joshua, b. 8, 4, 1729 ; Caleb, b. 
 7, 17, 1731, m. Lydia Temple. 
 
 William and Susanna Seal had children, — William, Jo- 
 seph, Caleb, Benjamin, Hannah, Rachel, Thomas, and per- 
 haps others. He died 10, 9, 1769. Caleb and Lydia Seal 
 had the following : William, Thomas, Joshua, Thomas (2), 
 Sarah, Hannah, Caleb, Hannah (2), Lydia, Rachel, William 
 (2), and Caleb (2). The descendants of these are to be 
 found in Wilmington. William Seal (3) married Mary 
 Hunt, and lived in Birmingham. His children were Wil- 
 liam, Jesse, Thomas, M.D., b. 10, 15, 1785 (father of 
 Thomas F. Seal, of Unionville), Eli, Joseph, Benjamin, 
 Susanna, and Sidney. 
 
 SEEDS. — Edward Seed married Abigail, daughter of 
 Richard Buffington, of East Bradford. He died in 1754, 
 aud his widow married David Fling, a weaver. She died 
 April, 1813, in her ninety-second year. The children of 
 Edward and Abigail were Abigail ; Adam, m. to Alice 
 White, 8, 2, 1770 ; Richard ; George, died Nov. 25, 1836, 
 aged eighty-six ; James ; Mary, b. May 13, 1754, d. July 
 15, 1832, m. Daniel Graham. 
 
 George Seeds married Margaret, daughter of Stephen 
 and Martha Hoopes, born March 1, 1744-5, died March 
 29, 1823. Their son Emmor resided on his farm in the 
 forks of Brandywine, in East Bradford, and from this 
 family we have " Seeds' Bridge" and " Seeds' Station," 
 now Wawasset. Emmor died Oct. 18, 1860, aged eighty- 
 two years. His wife, Ann, born 3, 11, 1782, died 7, 5, 
 1857, was the daughter of Joshua and Ruth Cloud. Their 
 children were Margaret, b. 4, 12, 1800, m. John Shaw, 
 and still living in the forks of Brandywine ; Hannah, b. 4, 
 13, 1802; Sarah, b. 10, 2, 1804; Sidney, b. 2, 29, 1808; 
 Eliza, b. 4, 25, 1810 ; Emmor, b. 4, 30, 1812 ; Ann, b. 
 7, 2, 1815; Ruth, b. 4, 25, 1818. Emmor holds a part 
 of the homestead, and a view of his residence is herein 
 given. 
 
 SELLERS, Samuel, of Darby, and Anna Gibbons 
 were married in 1684, and had several children. Their 
 son Samuel; born 3, 12, 1690, married, in 1712, Sarah 
 
 Smith, and his son, the third Samuel, born 5, 20, 1715, 
 died 12, 31, 1785, m. 7, 28, 1737, Jane Wood, daughter 
 of George and Hannah, of Darby. She was born 9, 5, 
 1716, and died 3, 5, 1790. They removed from Darby to 
 West Bradford, now Pocopson, soon after marriage. Their 
 children were Hannah, m. Isaac Peirce; Sarah, m. Abel 
 Wickersham ; Samuel, m. Mary Taylor; Mary, m. James 
 Trimble; Ann, m. John Taylor; Jonathan, m. Deborah 
 Taylor. 
 
 John Sellers was born in Darby, Chester (now Dela- 
 ware) Co., 7th mo. 19, 1728. His grandfather, Samuel 
 Sellers, came from Derbyshire, England, in one of the ves- 
 sels that came with William Penn, took up 100 acres of 
 land in Darby, and followed his trade of weaving. His 
 marriage is said to have been the first among the Friends 
 in Darby. His father, also named Samuel, was born and 
 lived on the same premises, followed the same trade of 
 weaving, and was somewhat noted for his mechanical inge- 
 nuity. He erected the first twisting-mill, it is believed, in 
 Pennsylvania (a complex machine for twisting worsted), 
 and became famous for coverlet and camlet weaving. 
 Samuel died in 1773, in his eighty-third year. 
 
 John, the subject of this notice, was the youngest son. 
 He was likewise a weaver. In early life he manifested a 
 more enterprising disposition than his father had done. 
 After receiving very little schooling (as was usual at that 
 day), he acquired by his application to books a knowledge 
 of surveying, which he began early to practice, and became 
 eminent in the county as a land-surveyor. His mechanical 
 .ingenuity was early manifested by his construction of wire 
 rolling-screens and sieves for cleaning wheat, flax-seed, etc., 
 he being the first, it is believed, who made them in America. 
 He discontinued the common weaving soon after he began 
 the wire-weaving business, which latter he followed, to- 
 gether with Dutch fan-making, until the commencement of 
 the Revolutionary war. The ingenious art of weaving wire 
 seems to have been inherited by his descendants. His en- 
 terprise was manifested in the improvement of his paternal 
 and purchased estate, in discovering sites for mills, erecting 
 the first on a small scale proportioned to his means, then 
 altering and improving as means were increased. In the 
 course of his life he dug on his own estate about three 
 miles in length of mill-race, and erected six mill-dams. 
 He was several times (viz., from 1767 to 1771, inclusive) 
 elected a member of the Provincial Assembly for the 
 county of Chester. Some time before the commencement 
 of the Revolutionary war he was appointed by the Gov- 
 ernor and Council one of the surveyors to run a straight 
 line from the middle ferry on Schuylkill to Lancaster, pre- 
 paratory to laying out the Strasburg road, and by the same 
 authority, in 1773, one of the commissioners for laying out 
 said road. He was likewise appointed one of the commis- 
 sioners, or engineers, to examine and ascertain, by survey- 
 ing and leveling, whether a navigable canal (such as the 
 present Union Canal) would be practicable between the 
 waters of the Susquehanna and the Schuylkill. When the 
 proprietary government was abolished and a new form es- 
 tablished, he was chosen a representative for the county of 
 Chester in the first legislative body that met under the new 
 form of government, but declined to serve. He was always 
 
720 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 of opinion that it would not answer well to vest the whole 
 power of legislation in a single house. In 1768 he was 
 chosen a member of the American Philosophical Society. 
 In 1789 he was elected by Delaware County a member of 
 the Convention that modified the constitution of 1776, and 
 in the following year he was elected to the State Senate 
 from that county. He was also one of the surveyors who 
 ran the division line between Chester County and the then 
 new county of Delaware. 
 
 While Thomas Mifflin was Governor he was appointed 
 an associate judge of the County Court, but declined to 
 serve. He was born and lived on the same spot where his 
 grandfather had settled, and where his father had lived and 
 died, and there he died, on the second day of the second 
 month, 1804, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. 
 
 SCOTT, Abraham, of West Nottingham, died in 1749, 
 leaving sons Abraham, Hugh, Josias, Samuel, and Thomas. 
 
 Thomas Scott died in 1757, leaving children, — Philip, 
 Thomas, Rebecca, who married Charles Ramsey in 1776, 
 and perhaps others. James Scott, a son or grandson of 
 Thomas, lived on the east side of Big Elk, at what is known 
 as Tweedville. He was killed by a fall from a tree in 1812, 
 leaving three or four daughters, and sons Thomas, James, 
 and Philip, who lived for several years at the homestead. 
 Thomas now lives at Lewisville, and has been an active 
 local politician. Philip Scott, son of the first Thomas, 
 above named, was a justice of the peace, and known as 
 Squire Scott. He lived between Hickory Hill and Oxford, 
 and died at the age of eighty-four years. 
 
 John Scott, Esq., lived in New London in 1756, and 
 was probably a son-in-law of Robert Hodgson. 
 
 SHARP, Joseph W. — In 1857, about the time the 
 Pennsylvania Central Railway began to put local trains 
 on its road, Mr. Sharp built his elegant residence. It 
 was one of the first handsome residences erected in this 
 county on this road. The facilities in the past twenty years 
 afibrded by the railroads have enabled Philadelphians to 
 come out, purchase lands, and construct valuable and beau- 
 tiful edifices. In that period of time the habitations along 
 the various net-work of railroads have largely changed, and 
 instead of the old-style farm dwellings, uncouth and un- 
 comfortable, large and elegant residences have been erected. 
 Mr. Sharp's land has been in his family since 1839, when 
 purchased by his father. It is situated in Easttown town- 
 ship, about one mile south of Berwyn Station, seventeen 
 miles from Philadelphia. Mr. Sharp, when he built his 
 residence, was in business in Philadelphia. His farm of 
 two hundred and thirty-five acres is located in a beautiful 
 region of country, and his building improvements are fitting 
 types of the social progress made in rural architecture in 
 the last few years. 
 
 SHAFER, John, of German descent, married Eliza- 
 beth Merkle, by whom he had Samuel, b. March 30, 1790, 
 d. April 26, 1856 ; John, b. Dec. 2, 1793 ; Henry, b. May 
 22, 1796, d. March 9, 1872 ; George, b. July 13, 1799 ; 
 Juliann, b. Sept. 14, 1801 ; Catharine, b. Feb. 24, 1805. ' 
 
 Samuel Shafer, the eldest son, was born in Pottstown. 
 He married, October, 1812, Martha McClintock, widow of 
 James, and daughter of Col. Thomas and Ann (Hunter^ 
 Bull. ' 
 
 She was born Feb. 20, 1779, and died March 12, 1850. 
 By her first marriage, Aug. 4, 1799, she bad three children, 
 —Thomas Bull, b. June 6, 1804, d. July 6, 1804; Sarah 
 May, b. Sept. 16, 1805, d. Dec. 1, 1807 ; Ann Hunter, b. 
 June 4, 1808, d. July 17, 1834. The last named was 
 married Aug. 2, 1831, to Joseph Neide, Esq., being his 
 first wife. 
 
 The children of Samuel and Rebecca Shafer were Re- 
 becca, b. May, 1813 ; Elizabeth, b. Oct. 4, 1816, d. April 
 8, 1878 ; Sarah, b. Oct. 3, 1819, d. June 22, 1820 ; Mar- 
 tha, b. Jan. 8, 1821, d. Feb. 23, 1821; Levi Bull, b. May 
 5, 1822, d. Feb. 18, 1824. 
 
 Rebecca Shafer married, Feb. 9, 1837, Joseph Neide, be- 
 ing his second wife. Elizabeth married Addison May, Esq., 
 and died in West Chester. 
 
 Samuel Shafer was commissioned an associate judge of this 
 county March 8, 1849, and in 1851 was elected to the same 
 ofiice, and commissioned November 10th for the term of five 
 years. He possessed the elements of a true man, and dis- 
 charged the responsible duties of his station with singular pro- 
 priety, discretion, andfirmness. Soundand impartial in judg- 
 ment, diligent in business, and m'ost amiable in temper and 
 disposition, he won universal regard, and secured the entire 
 confidence of the community. In his intercourse with the 
 members of the bar he was not only affable and courteous 
 but kind and considerate, and was with them a universal 
 favorite. It may be said of Judge Shafer, without dispar- 
 agement to the other gentlemen who have occupied the 
 same position, that no more honorable or noble-minded man 
 ever adorned the bench. 
 
 William T. Shafer. — John Shafer, son of John and 
 Elizabeth, of Pottstown, married Martha Neilor. He went 
 from Pottstown to Philadelphia, and was in a wholesale 
 dry-goods store, and from thence, about 1822, went to 
 the Ralston place and engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 
 1829 he removed to West Pikeland. To John and Mar- 
 tha (Neilor) Shafer were born seven children, of whom the 
 second son and third child, William T., was born Feb. 17, 
 1825. He learned the carpenter's trade, and went to school 
 under Joseph C. Strode, of East Bradford, and fitted him- 
 self for a teacher. He was engaged in teaching several 
 sessions. Prom,1829 to the present time the mercantile 
 business at Shafer's stand has been in the Shafer family, — 
 to 1849 by John, and since then conducted by William T. 
 The latter clerked many years for his father, who, like 
 himself, combined farming with store-keeping. William T. 
 was married in 1865 to Mary E., daughter of Abel and 
 Ann Evans, by whom he has one child, Martha. He was 
 elected in 1858 to the Legislature, and re-elected in 1859 
 and 1860. He sat in the extra session in 1861, in which 
 was passed the bill creating the Pennsylvania Reserves and 
 putting the State on a war footing. He has frequently 
 been school director and auditor in his township. He is a 
 pronounced Republican, and has always been prominent in 
 its councils, and very active in politics. At present his 
 various business cares, with his charge of his mother's es- 
 tate, — the family living in the common possession of the 
 same, as in his father's lifetime, — absorbs his time and atten- 
 tion. Samuel, eldest brother of William T., went in 1839 
 to Philadelphia, and into the same business, in the same 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 721 
 
 ^(^6 
 
 house, and under the same individual (Capt. Stevenson) 
 that his father had been with long years before. Samuel 
 afterwards became paying-teller in the Commereial Exchange 
 Bank, and later chief book-keeper in the city treasurer's 
 o£Sce. William T. has been honored with many positions, 
 one of which was aide-de-camp to Governor James Pollock, 
 with rank of lieutenant-colonel. He is a good citizen and 
 a thorough business man, but at present meditates closing 
 up the mercantile business which he and his father have 
 carried on at one place for fifty-two years. 
 
 SHAFFER, Thomas.— The Shaffer family emigrated 
 from Germany prior to the Revolutionary war and settled in 
 Westchester County, New York, in which State Thomas 
 Shaffer was born May 22, 1815. His father and grandfather 
 were both large manufacturers of paper, and the latter built 
 a paper-mill in what is now known as the Five Points of New 
 York City, and which during the Revolution was designated 
 by Congress as one of the two mills to furnish the govern- 
 ment with paper for printing the Continental currency. 
 After peace was made the mill was removed to Spottswood, 
 N. J., that place being selected on account of its excellent 
 water-power, — then a wild tract of government land, but 
 now immensely valuable. By a series of misfortunes, includ- 
 ing the destruction of a will by interested parties, and the 
 subsequent burning of the Capitol at Washington, which 
 destroyed the records of the land department, during the 
 British invasion of 1814, the rightful owners of the prop- 
 erty have been defrauded and the true heirs dispossessed. 
 91 
 
 He was left an orphan at an early age, and had but spare 
 educational advantages. Having to make his way in the 
 world, his first employment was as an errand-boy in a paper- 
 mill. When twelve years old he entered the Ulster Iron- 
 Works, at Saugerties, N. Y., and having become a general 
 favorite with employers and managers, he rapidly and thor- 
 oughly worked through all the branches of the trade, being 
 afforded free access to all the departments of an establish- 
 ment ranking the first in the country in the variety and 
 excellence of its products. He was enabled through the 
 imported Staffordshire worker, and also through the mana- 
 ger, who had acquired not only the skill of his native land 
 but had also been employed in France, and was perfectly 
 acquainted with the foreign manufacture of iron, to gain a 
 full and complete insight into all the manipulations of the 
 craft and the title of a finished American workman. 
 During the time he was employed at the Ulster works he 
 operated the first successful furnace, in 1837, used for heat- 
 ing iron by means of anthracite coal. During the last years 
 of his service here he held the position of workman mana- 
 ger in charge of three trains of rolls, the highest station of 
 a workman. His total connection with these works ex- 
 tended through eighteen years, having entered as a boy and 
 left as a thoroughly educated mechanic. John Simmons 
 was the Staffordshire worker under whom he learned, who 
 was born May 22, 1777, at Deerfield (Cosely), in parish of 
 Sedgely, England. In 1845 he became master-workman of 
 a rolling-mill at Pompton, N. Y., where he remained a year, 
 
722 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COtJNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 and then passed to the works of Thomas Hunt, of Philadel- 
 phia, where he was employed in a similar capacity. After 
 a year's sojourn he was engaged at the Fairmount Iron- 
 Works as mill manager and master-workman. In 1850 he 
 remoTed to Safe Harbor, Pa., and, as superintendent, had 
 charge of the rail- and puddle-mills of the iron- works at that 
 place for seven years, with entire satisfaction to the pro- 
 prietors, who tendered him on the eve of his departure the 
 most complimentary written testimonials of their apprecia- 
 tion of his great merits and superior qualifications. 
 
 Iq 1856 he received the appointment of mill manager in 
 the extensive works of the Phoenix Iron Company, which 
 position he has occupied the past twenty-four years. He is 
 now organizing and putting into operation the new mill, 
 erected some six years ago, but under the present revival of 
 business being started for its first work. He is now employed 
 by the third generation of the Reeves family, who are the 
 proprietors of the works. In political matters he has been 
 especially active, first as a Whig, then as a Republican. 
 But though a patriotic politician from a sense of duty, he 
 would never accept any political ofiSce. During the Re- 
 bellion he aided the Union army materially by his own 
 active exertions, freely using his entire income for that 
 purpose, excepting what was necessary for the support of 
 his family. The care of the families of the soldiers was 
 with him a special object, and he still continues his bene- 
 factions to the relatives of those who laid down their lives 
 for their country. For thirty-two years he has been an 
 acceptable member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and 
 during nearly this whole period has served the congrega- 
 tions with which he has been connected in some official 
 capacity. He was married in 1836 to Jane Vosburgh, of 
 Ulster Co., N. Y., and of his family of three children two 
 are living. His only son, Vosburgh N., received a liberal 
 collegiate education, and is by profession a civil and me- 
 chanical engineer and iron manufacturer, having filled 
 already several responsible positions. He is at present in 
 the publishing busiaess, and proprietor of the Independent 
 Phoenix, a paper at Phcenixville. Mr. Shaffer holds in 
 the highest regard and love the recollection of his employers 
 in his long and busy life, and cherishes with great venera- 
 tion his happy associations with them, and which feelings 
 were mutual between him and those for whom he was en- 
 gaged. He is strongly attached to the I. 0. 0. F., with 
 which order he has been connected since 1852. 
 
 SHARPLESS,* John, of Ratherton, in Cheshire, Eng- 
 land, m. Jane Moore, of the same place, in the year 1662. 
 In the year 1682 the family removed to Pennsylvania, 
 landing at Chester on the 14th of 6th mo., 1682, more than 
 two months prior to the arrival of William Penn. John 
 Sharpless had purchased 1000 acres from Penn, by lease 
 and release of April 4 and 5, 1682, part of which they 
 took up on Ridley Creek, about two miles northwest from 
 Chester, " where they fell a large tree, and took shelter 
 among the boughs thereof about six weeks, in which time 
 they built a cabin against a rock, which answered for 
 their chimney-back, and now contains the date of the 
 
 « The name was formerly written Sharpies, and it is thought the 
 last syllable was pronounced as in apples. 
 
 year when the cabin was built, viz., 1682, in which they 
 dwelt about twenty years, and where they all died except 
 the mother and three sons ; in which time Joseph learnt the 
 trade of house-carpenter, and when of age built the first 
 dwelling-house, which is now standing (1816) and occu- 
 pied by one of their descendants. Part of the original 
 floors are still in use, being fastened down with wooden 
 pins of about an inch iu diameter, instead of nails. It is a 
 sizeable two-story dwelling, the walls of stone." It is now 
 occupied by Beulah E., widow of Daniel Sharpless. 
 
 The remainder of the land was taken up, part in Middle- 
 town, near Darlington Station now, and part in Nether 
 Providence. 
 
 John Sharpless died 4, 11, 1685, aged about sixty-one 
 years, and his widow 9, 1, 1722, about the eighty-fourth year 
 of her age. The children were,— 1. Phebe, b. 10, 20, 1663, 
 at Mearemore, d. 4, 2, 1685 ; 2. John, b. 11, 16, 1666, at 
 Blackenhall, d. 7, 9, 1747 ; 3. Thomas, b. 11, 12, 1668, at 
 Hadderton, d. 5, 17, 1682 ; 4. James, b. 1, 5, 1670-1, at 
 Hadderton, d. ; 5. Caleb, b. 7, 22, 1673, at Hadder- 
 ton, d. 7, 17, 1686 ; 6. Jane, b. 6, 13, 1676, at Hadderton, 
 d. 3, 28, 1685 ; 7. Joseph, b. 5, 28, 1678, at Hadderton, d. 
 spring of 1757. 
 
 Thomas died at sea, and Caleb from the bite of a snake. 
 
 John Sharpless (2) was married, 9, 23, 1692, at a meet- 
 ing at John Bowater's house, in Middletown, to Hannah 
 Pennell, daughter of Robert and Hannah, of that town- 
 ship. He settled in Ridley, and had children, — 8. Caleb, 
 b. 7, 27, 1693, d. 2, 29, 1720, unmarried; 9. Jane, b. 12, 
 24, 1695-6, m. George Smedley; 10. Hannah, b. 8, 5, 
 1697, d. 1780, m. Henry Howard ; 11. John, b. 8, 16, 
 1699, d. 8, 17, 1769, m. Mary Key and Elizabeth Ash- 
 bridge; 12. Phebe, b. 11, 9, 1701-2, m. Benjamin Hib- 
 berd ; 13. Rebecca, b. 12, 17, 1703-4, d. unmarried ; 14. 
 Margaret, b.-4, 21, 1706, d. unmarried; 15. Ann, b. 6, 
 
 23, 1708, m. Samuel Bond ; 16. Daniel, b. 12, 24, 1710- 
 11, m. Sarah Coppock. 
 
 Daniel had children, — Thomas, Rebecca (who married 
 John Eyre), Phebe, Abigail (married Solomon Mercer), and 
 Daniel, who married Hannah Thomas, of Willistown, in 
 1775, and settled at the old homestead. His son Enos, 
 born 3, 1, 1781, married Beulah Martin, and was the 
 father of the late John M. Sharpless, the founder of dye- 
 stuff manufacture at Chester. 
 
 James Sharpless (4) married, 1, 3, 1697-8, Mary Edge, 
 who died 2, 17, 1698, and he married again, 12, 20, 1699, 
 Mary Lewis, daughter of Ralph and Mary Lewis, from 
 Glamorganshire, Wales. They settled in .Nether Provi- 
 dence. Children : 17. Lydia, b. 12, 20, 1701, m. Aaron 
 Vernon; 18. Mary, b. 2, 27, 1702, m. Joseph Garrett; 
 19. James, b. 9, 6, 1703, m. Elizabeth Taylor; 20. Rachel, 
 b. 5, 9, 1708, m. Thomas Dell; 21. Sarah, b. 1, 27, 1710, 
 m. Edward Woodward ; 22. Thomas, b. 8, 6, 1712, d. 8, 
 2, 1713; 23. David, b. 4, 24, 1715, m. PrisciUa Powell; 
 
 24. Esther, b. , m. Mordecai Taylor. 
 
 Joseph Sharpless (7) married, 3, 31, 1704, Lydia Lewis, 
 sister of Mary, and settled in Nether Providence, afterwards 
 in Middletown. About 1737 they removed to West Cain 
 with their younger children and remained seven years. 
 Their descendants are very numerous, and outnumber the 
 
t/!yr~y 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 723 
 
 other branches in the male line. Lydia died in 1763. 
 Children of Joseph and Lydia: 25. Susanna, b. 12, 18, 
 
 1705, d. , m. Joseph Chamberlain ; Joseph, b 7 s' 
 
 1707, d. 1, 4, 1769 ; 27. Benjamin, b. 1 1, 26, 1708-9, d. 3' 
 16, 1785; 28. Samuel, b. 12, 7, 1710-11, d 11 24 
 1790 ; 29. Lydia, b. 3, 7, 1713, m. John Martin ;' 3o' 
 Nathan, b. 9, 2, 1715, d. 1755 ; 31. Jane, b. 12,4, 1718, 
 m. Jacob Pyle ; 32. Abraham, b. 5, 7, 1720, d. 1784- 33' 
 Jacob, b. 10, 14, 1722, d. 7, 19, 1775 ; 34. Williara,'b. 3, 
 31, 1725, d. 1751. 
 
 Benjamin Sharpless (27) married, 2, 27, 1737, at Con- 
 cord Meeting, Edith Broom, of Concord, daughter of James 
 and Mary, deceased. She died 6, 13, 1744, in her twenty- 
 sixth year, leaving three children. He married (second), 3, 
 21,1 746, at Concord Meeting, Martha Mendenhall, daughter 
 of Benjamin and Lydia, of Concord, born 12, 8, 1724, died 
 
 10, 20, 1812. Benjamin resided on part of his father's 
 land in Middletown. Children: 35. Joseph, b. 12,19, 
 1737-8, d. 9, 1, 1763 ; 36. Benjamin, b. 10, 26, 1740^ 
 d. 6, 18, 1780; 37. Edith, b. 10, 30, 1742, m. Ziba 
 Ferris; 38. Joshua, b. 12, 28, 1746-7, d. 9, 21, 1826; 
 39. Isaac, b. 5, 16, 1748, d. 1, 23, 1780; 40. Rebecca, 
 b. 10, 29, 1749, d. 2, 9, 1780 ; 41. Martha, b. 10, 28, 
 1751 , d. 9, 7, 1763 ; 42. Ann, b. 7, 1, 1754, d. 9, 4, 1763 ; 
 43. Aaron, b. 8, 26, 1756, d. 8, 25, 1798 ; 44. Amy, b. 
 
 11, 17, 1758, m. Jesse Darlington; 45. Enoch, b. 9, 15, 
 1760, d. 9, 15, 1763; 46. Infant, b. 3, — , 1763, d. 4, 3, 
 1763; 47. Hannah, b. 4, 9, 1765, m. Peter Yarnall ; 
 48. Esther, b. 5, 21, 1767, m. Jehu Garrett; 49. Sarah, 
 b. 9, 25, 1769, m. William Pool ; 50. Samuel, b. 11, 25, 
 1770, d. 1796. 
 
 Nathan Sharpless (30), then of West Cain, married, 10, 
 10, 1741, at Birmingham Meeting, Hannah Townsend, 
 daughter of Joseph and Martha, of East Bradford, born 6, 
 9, 1718, died 12, 31, 1790. They removed, perhaps in 
 1743, to part of her father's land, and in 1747 purchased 
 203 acres near by or adjoining, in Goshen, now a part of 
 West Chester. Hannah married (second), 4, 13, 1758, 
 Charles Ryant, and they resided on the farm of her former 
 husband, in Goshen, until her son became of age. Chil- 
 dren of Nathan and Hannah : 51. Joseph, b. 1, 24, 1754, 
 d. young; 52. Martha, b. 9, 16, 1745, m. Jacob Haines; 
 53. Lydia, b. 7, 27, 1746, d. unmarried ; 54. Nathan, b. 
 9, 29, 1749, d. unmarried ; 55. William, b. 1, 9, 1752 
 (N.S.), d. 10, 11, 1817 ; 56. Hannah, b.- 11, 15, 1753, m. 
 Abel Otley. 
 
 Abraham Sharpless (32) married, 8, 2, 1751, Ann Young, 
 daughter of John and Mary (Barber) Young, of Chester, 
 by whom he had nine children, — Mary, Phineas, Phebe, 
 Esther, Abraham, Lydia, Grace, Rebecca, and Enoch. 
 Abraham, Jr., born 10, 16, 1758, married Dinah Flower, 
 daughter of Richard and Alice, of Londongrove, and left 
 four children, — Lewis, Ann, Jesse, and Alice. Lewis died 
 in East Bradford, 7, 2, 1865, leaving three children. 
 
 Jacob Sharpless (33) married, 9, 23, 1748, at Concord 
 Meeting, Ann Blak'ey, daughter of Charles and Susanna, of 
 Philadelphia. She died in 1811, supposed to be about the 
 eighty-sixth year of her age. They resided in Concord. 
 Children: 57. John, b. 9, 28, 1749 (O.S.), d. 10, 29, 
 1834; 58. Susanna, b. 5, 23, 1751 (O.S.), died young; 
 
 59. Nathan, h. 9, 28, 1752, d. 1, 9, 1837; 60. Lydia, b. 
 12, 31, 1754, m. David Button; 61. Joseph, b. 6, 12, 
 1757, died young; 62. Jesse, b. 11, 6, 1759; 63. Ann, 
 b, 12, 28, 1761, m. James Carter and A. Jefferis; 64. 
 Jane, b. 10, 23, 1764, m. John Haines; 65. Martha, b. 
 10, 4, 1767, m. Joseph Pyle; 66. Hannah, b. 12, 8, 
 1770, m. William Phillips. 
 
 William Sharpless (34) m. 10, 30,1747, Abigail Sharp, 
 of New Garden, daughter of Joseph and Mary Sharp, and 
 settled at NewUn's Mill, in Concord; Abigail married 
 (second), 11, 22, 1752, Moses Palmer. Children: 67. 
 Abraham, m. Phebe Valentine and Catharine F. Wistar ; 
 68. William. 
 
 Joshua Sharpless (38), of Middletown, married, 12, 15, 
 1768, at Middletown Meeting, Edith Yarnall, daughter of 
 Nathan and Rachel Yarnall, of Edgmont, born 3, 13, 
 1743, died 1, 18, 1787, having been a minister twelve 
 years. They settled at first in Kennet, within the limits 
 of New Garden Monthly Meeting, and remained about ten 
 years, after which Joshua purchased a farm in East Brad- 
 ford, now Birmingham, and became a prominent member 
 of Birmingham Meeting. He married (second), 5, 20, 
 1789, Ann Trimble, daughter of William and Ann Trimble, 
 of Concord, born 1, 19, 1752, died 9, 30, 1827. 
 
 In the spring of 1800 they removed to Westtown Board- 
 ing-School to superintend that institution, and remained till 
 the fall of 1811, when they returned to the farm. Chil- 
 dren by both wives : 68. Benjamin, b. 8, 24, 1769, d. 2, 
 1, 1852; 69. Rachel, b. 5, 3, 1771, m. Benjamin Cope; 
 70. Nathan, b. 12, 18, 1772, d. 4, 11,1863; 71. Martha, 
 b. 4, 27, 1775, m. Cheyney Jefferis ; 72. Edith, b. 6, 15, 
 1777, m. Thomas Kite ; 73. Joshua, b. 8, 12, 1779, d. 12, 
 21, I860; 74. Isaac, b. 9, 28, 1781, d.ll, 12, 1822; 75. 
 Eli, b. 12, 30, 1783, d. 9, 12, 1784; 76. William, b. 1, 
 15, 1791, d. 3, 5, 1793; 77. Phebe, b. 3, 22, 1793, m. 
 Nathan Middleton. 
 
 William Sharpless (55) was but little over three years 
 old when his father died. He served an apprenticeship 
 with John Marshall, a cabinet-maker, who lived in East 
 Bradford, on 32 acres, which William's grandfather Town- 
 send had given his mother. When of age he took pos- 
 session of the homestead, and built a shop on the Wilming- 
 ton road. Later in life he kept a store in West Chester, at 
 what is now the residence of Wm. W. Jefferis, adjoining 
 the Bank of Chester County. He married, 10, 7, 1773, at 
 Birmingham Meeting, Ann Hunt, daughter of William and 
 Sarah (Fred) Hunt, of Westtown, b. 1, 15, 1755, d. 11, 
 5, 1820. Children : 78. Sarah, b. 7, 30, 1774, d. 2, 10, 
 1832, m. Philip Derrick; 79. Lydia, b. 8, 8, 1776; 80. 
 Nathan H., b. 5, 18, 1779, d. 3, 22, 1838 ; 81. William, 
 b. 6, 9, 1783, d. 6, 10, 1784; 82. Hannah, b. 11, 6, 1785, 
 m. Isaac Rogers ; 83. Rebecca, b. 6, 9, 1789, m. David 
 Townsend ; 84. Nancy, b. 11, 10, 1792, d. 4, 30, 1806. 
 
 John Sharpless (57) married, 1773, Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Nathan and Susanna Yearsley, of Thornbury, and settled 
 in Concord. She died 7, 31, 1796, and he married (second), 
 9, 28, 1798, Hannah Smith, daughter of Joshua and Lydia 
 (Yearsley) Smith. She died 3, 31, 1843. Children: 85. 
 Nathan, b. 8, 19, 1774, d. 1, 1.3, 1833; 86. Jacob, b. 12, 
 23, 1776, d. 11, 24, 1777; 87. Jesse, b, 4, 8, 1779, d. 
 
724 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 6, 22, 1866 ; 88-9. Esther and Ruth, b. 4, 8, 1Y82, d. 
 same day ; 90. Susanna, b. 8, 28, 1Y83, m. Emmor Hick- 
 man ; 91. Edith, b. 12, 22, 1785, m. Anthony Taylor; 
 92. Sarah, b. 6, 29, 1789, m. Jesse Seal ; 93. Hannah, b. 
 
 I, 24, 1794, m. Eli Lewis; 94. John, b. 7, 8, 1799, d. 9, 
 8, 1872 ; 95. Smith, b. 9, 28, 1802 ; 96. Samuel, b. 7, 
 29, 1804, d. 2, 22, 1872. 
 
 Nathan Sharpless (59), then of East Bradford, married, 
 4, 24, 1783, at Uwchlan Meeting, Rachel Baldwin, daughter 
 of Joshua and Rachel Baldwin, of East Cain, and about 
 ten years later removed to her father's farm, of which he 
 became the owner. Children : 97. A son, b. 3, 22, 1784, 
 d. in infancy; 98. Mercy, b. 8, 22, 1785, d. 8, 20, 1786; 
 99. Blakey, b. 6, 21, 1787, m. Mary Offley, and was 
 the father of Edward, of Medford, N. J., and of Daniel 
 0. Sharpless, who with his wife and two children was 
 drowned at Atlantic City, 7, 10, 1874; 100. Joshua B., 
 b. 6, 24, 1789, d. 2, 21, 1866, father of Nathan J. Sharp- 
 less, of Penn, and of J. Clemson Sharpless ; 101. Jacob, 
 b. 8, 3, 1791, d. 2, 18, 1863; 102. Isaac, b. 7, 28, 1793, 
 d. by accident; 103. Ann, b. 10, 15, 1795, m. James Yar- 
 uall; 104. Mercy, b. 1, 30, 1798, m. Jordan Harrison; 
 105. Rachel, b. 7, 7, 1801, m. Thomas Maule. 
 
 Jesse Sharpless (62) married, in 1784, Joanna Town- 
 send, daughter of John and Joanna, of East Bradford, 
 and settled in Philadelphia. They had ten children, of 
 whom Dr. John T. Sharpless is yet living. Their son 
 Townsend established the large dry-goods store at Eighth 
 and Chestnut Streets. He was the father of Samuel J. ' 
 Sharpless, of Thornbury. 
 
 Benjamin Sharpless (68) married, 3, 27, 1794, Abigail 
 Cope, daugher of Nathan and Amy, of East Bradford, 
 b. 9, 6, 1767, and died 3, 22, 1823, without issue. Ben- 
 jamin married (second), 2, 6, 1834, Sidney, widow of Abra- 
 ham Hoopes, and daughter of Benjamin and Rebecca Jone.«, 
 of Westtown. She had four children by her first marriage, 
 and by the last a son, Benjamin, b. 10, 29, 1835, who 
 married, 6, 5, 1873, Annie T., daughter of Nonis M. and 
 Susan Y. (Walter) Hannum, of West Chester, b. 12, 1, 
 1851. They reside at the homestead in Birmingham, and 
 have children, — Mary Hoopes, b. 3, 3, 1874-; Benjamin, 
 b. 3, 26, 1876, d. 8, 12, 1877; Margaret Hannum, b. 1, 
 25, 1879. 
 
 Joshua Sharpless (73) married Philadelphia Drinker, and 
 settled at first near the Market Street bridge, Philadelphia ; 
 afterwards removing to London Britain, Chester Co., where 
 some of his children and descendants reside. 
 
 Isaac Sharpless (74) married, 5, 30, 1805, Sarah Gar- 
 rett, daughter of Aaron and Rachel, of Willistown, and set- 
 tled on part of his father's farm. Their children died 
 young, except Abigail, who married James R. Greaves, of 
 Philadelphia, and Aaron, who was born 2, 13, 1809, and 
 died 1, 14, 1876, at the homestead in Birmingham, now 
 the residence of his widow and son Thomas. He was also 
 the father of Isaac Sharpless, of Haverford College. 
 
 Nathan H. Sharpies (80), of West Chester, married, 10, 
 
 II, 1804, Martha, daughter of Philip and Rachel Price, of 
 East Bradford, born 11, 3, 1785, died 9, 11, 1852. He 
 inherited the homestead of 110 acres in the southern part 
 of the borough. He carried on the brick-waking business 
 
 for several years, and in connection with his brother-in- 
 law, Philip Derrick, established The Literary Museum, a 
 monthly magazine, which, being in advance of the age, sur- 
 vived but a short time. Children : Hannah, b. 10, 4, 1805, 
 m. Edward Darlington; William P., b. 2, 12, 1808, d. 5, 
 21, 1879, a well-known commission merchant on Broad 
 Street, Philadelphia; Philip P., b. 4, 26, 1810, residing in 
 West Chester, and for many years prominently connected 
 with our first railroad. He is the father of Stephen P. 
 Sharpies, of Boston, State assayer of Massachusetts ; Henry 
 P., b. 9, 16, 1813, a builder, of West Chester; Ann, 
 b. 4, 24, 1816, m. Stephen Paschall ; Alfred, b. 4, 3, 1822, 
 m. Elizabeth, daughter of Lewis Sharpless, of East Brad- 
 ford, and is well known under the name of '' John Plough- 
 share" ; Samuel Emlen, b. 7, 28, 1828, is of the firm of 
 Sharpies & Hall, dealers in lumber and coal, and adheres 
 to the original spelling of the name. 
 
 SHBEDER, Joseph. — Henry Sheeder was born in 
 Germany, Oct. 23, 1745, and married, Aug. 16, 1774, 
 Dorothea Helfenstine, born May 24, 1741, and to them 
 were born the following children: Caroline, Frederick, 
 Catharine, Henry, Philip, and Louisa. Henry, with his 
 
 ^t 
 
 t^x<U<x^Ji ^/^^, 
 
 family, arrived in Philadelphia on Nov. 26, 1793, the 
 first year of the yellow fever. He died Dec. 2, 1807, and 
 his wife, Dorothea, Aug. 17, 1823. His son Frederick 
 was born Feb. 20, 1777, in Nassau, Saarbriicken, Ger- 
 many, and married, March, 1798, Anna, daughter of 
 Nicholas Halderman, and who was born Nov. 6, 1778. 
 Frederick was several years a tailor in Philadelphia, and 
 there often saw and personally knew President Washington. 
 He was a close reader, and familiar with all the events of 
 our country from the time of his arrival to his death. He 
 participated in the war of 1812, and was encamped at 
 Marcus Hook. He wrote in 1846 a^history of Vincent 
 township, from which information has been obtained for 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 725 
 
 this work. On March 4, 1860, he and his wife celebrated 
 the sixty-third anniversary of their marriage, from which 
 came up to them ten children, forty-seven grand- and thirty- 
 seven great-grandchildren. Frederick erected over two 
 dozen buildings on his and other farms. He died Sept. 
 18, 1865, and his wife, Anna, July 29, 1860. Their chil- 
 dren were Frederick, dec'd ; Henry, dec'd; Mary, m. 
 Joshua Yeager ; Samuel, dec'd ; Philip ; Caroline, dec'd ; 
 Catharine, m. Elhanan John, and dec'd; Sarah, m. Wil- 
 liam Culley ; Joseph ; and Benjamin, dec'd. Of these, 
 Joseph Sheeder was born in West Vincent township. May 
 11, 1820. He spent his boyhood days on the farm, and 
 was educated in the common schools. He was married, 
 March 5, 1846, to Catharine E., daughter of Thomas Mc- 
 Clune, of West Nantmeal township, and has had four chil- 
 dren, viz. : Margaret K., J. Fred, Anna Mary, and Vic- 
 toria. He resides on the old homestead place, and is a 
 good farmer. He belongs to the Lutheran Church, with 
 his family. He is a Republican in politics, but has never 
 sought ofiBce. His farm is finely located in a beautiful re- 
 gion of country, and on it he has a splendid farm-residence. 
 He operates a saw- and his son J. Fred conducts the 
 paper-mill on his real estate, situate in the extreme southern 
 part of the township, and where his father, Frederick, settled 
 at the beginning of the century. 
 
 SHERER, William, tanner, lived in New London, on 
 Big Elk Creek, where he held considerable land. He was 
 perhaps the son of David Sherer, who died in 1750, leaving 
 a wife, Ann, and children, John, William, David, Francis, ' 
 and Mary. William married Rachel Mackey, daughter of 
 John Mackey, Esq., who died Sept. 8, 1824, and he Jan. 
 18, 1828. Their children were James, b. Aug. 22, 1773 ; 
 Rachel, Agnes, Mary, Isabella, Dorcas, William, John, 
 Eliza, Catharine, Martha, and Robert M. John was the 
 father of William Sherer, who lives on a part of his grand- 
 father's possessions. Robert M., soon after his father's 
 death, began the erection of "Spring Lawn" paper-mill, 
 which he carried on in connection with store-keeping and 
 farming. The farm is now owned by John E. Leonard, 
 and the paper-mill by the Megargees, of Philadelphia. 
 
 Rachel Sherer married Robert Blackburn and went to 
 Ohio ; Dorcas married James Gibson, of New London ; and 
 Catharine married Thomas Ramsey. 
 
 SIDWELL, Hugh, with Elizabeth, his wife, came from 
 Letcomb Regis, in Berkshire, England, and settled in West 
 Nottingham, where he died in the summer of 1729, leaving 
 sons Richard, John, and Hugh. To the first he devised 
 the homestead, on which were a brick house and barn. 
 Richard, born at Letcomb Regis, 2, 9, 1704, died 9, 10, 
 1740. Hugh Sidwell, Jr., died 9, 8, 1740, leaving wife, 
 Anne, and children,— Henry, Richard, Hugh, born 7, 
 25, 1725; Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Ann, Joseph, and 
 
 Mary. 
 
 John Sidwell had a daughter Mary, who married Richard 
 Griffith, 10, 6, 1738, and a son Hugh, who married Han- 
 nah Berry, 8, 28, 1741. 
 
 Richard Sidwell, son of Hugh and Ann, married, 8, 4, 
 1744, Anne Job, and was the father of Elisha, Job, Lydia, 
 and Abraham. The last, born 1755, married, 6, 10, 1789, 
 Hannah Brown, daughter of Joseph and Hannah. Abra- 
 
 ham died 10, 12, 1836, and his wife 8, 28, 1820. Their 
 son Richard, born 4, 4, 1790, died 10, 29, 1866, married 
 Mary, daughter of William and Alice Griffith, and had 
 children, — Reuben, Hannah (married Owen Reasler), Ste- 
 phen, Sarah, Ruth, and William. 
 
 Hugh Sidwell (3), son of Hugh and Ann, born 7, 25, 
 1725, married, 1, 7, 1750-1, Anne, daughter of Joseph 
 Haines, of West Nottingham. Their son Job, born 10, 11, 
 1768, married, 11, 4, 1790, Rebecca Wilson, daughter of 
 Benjamin and Lydia, of East Nottingham, Md. Job and 
 Rebecca lived in East Nottingham, Chester Co., and had the 
 following children : Esther, b. 8, 23, 1791 ; Oliver, b. 8, 
 22, 1793, d. Oct. 6, 1870; Joseph, b. 4, 14, 1795 ; Na- 
 than, b. 6,8, 1797; Rebecca, b. 9, 1, 1799; Job, b. 6, 
 29, 1801, d. 1877; Anne, b. 5, 2, 1803; Wilson, b. 10, 
 20, 1805 ; Lavina, b. 3, 31, 1808. Of these, Oliver was 
 the father of Oliver Sidwell, Esq., of the Chester County 
 bar. 
 
 SMEDLEY, George, migrated from Derbyshire, Eng- 
 land, in 1682 oe 1683, in company with several of the 
 Friends who settled at Darby. In 1687 he was married to 
 Sarah Goodwin, whose maiden name was Kitchen, the 
 widow of his intimate friend, John Goodwin. The mar- 
 riage was accomplished "at the meecing-house upon the 
 front of the Delaware." His wife had one child by her 
 first marriage, but it died in its minority. Shortly after his 
 marriage, George Smedley removed to a tract of land he 
 had purchased from the proprietary, and which was sur- 
 veyed to him in 1684, in the township of Middletown. 
 Here he erected his dwelling-house on the west bank of 
 Ridley Creek, about one mile northwest of the present 
 town of Media. The mansion farm is still in possession of 
 his descendants. His wife, Sarah, died in 1709. About 
 the year 1721, after having settled his son George on the 
 mansion farm, he removed to Willistown, where he re- 
 sided with his son Thomas until his death, in 1723. He 
 had five children, — Thomas, who married Sarah, - the 
 daughter of Joseph Baker, of Edgmont, 8, 26, 1710 ; 
 Mary, who first married John Edge, Jr., and afterwards 
 John Yarnall, of WillLstown ; George (a minister among 
 Friends), who married Jane Sharpies in 1717, and after 
 her death, Mary, the daughter of William Hammans; 
 Sarah, who married John Williamson, of Newtown ; and 
 Alice, whose first husband was John Allen, of Newtown, 
 and the second, Edward Woodward, of Middletown. 
 
 George Smedley did not incline to be active in public 
 affairs, but was frequently appointed to various services by 
 the meeting, in which he uniformly maintained a good 
 standing. 
 
 The children of Thomas and Sarah Smedley, of Willis- 
 town, were Francis, John, Mary, Sarah, Thomas, and per- 
 haps others, of whom John, b. 11, 22, 1714, died 8th mo., 
 1793, married Susanna (Dawson) Cowgill. She saw her 
 great-great-grandfather, William Clinkenbeard, who was one 
 hundred and eight years old when he died, and also saw her 
 own great-great-grandchildren. John Smedley, son of John 
 and Susanna, married Rebecca, daughter of Nathan and 
 Amy Cope, of East Bradford, and was the father of Ben- 
 jamin Smedley, of Willistown, Enos Smedley, of West 
 Chester, and others. 
 
726 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 William Smedley, son of the second George, married 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Peter Taylor, and had several chil- 
 dren, of whom the eldest, Peter, married Phebe, daughter 
 of Samuel and Jane Sharpies, and settled in Uwchlan. 
 Their children were Elizabeth, Joel, Jane, Peter, William, 
 Isaac, Samuel, Phebe, and Lydia. William F. Smedley, a 
 grandson of Peter, Jr., is a rising young artist, whose pen- 
 cil has been employed in illustrating various periodicals 
 and publications. 
 
 From William Smedley, son of William and Elizabeth, 
 above named, are descended James Smedley, hatter, of 
 Philadelphia; William Smedley, late connected with the 
 Provident Life and Trust Company ; and Samuel L. Smed- 
 ley, chief engineer of Philadelphia, who has spent much 
 time in collecting the family history. 
 
 SMITH, John, son of Eleazer and Ruth, was born 4, 
 22, 1681, at Dartmouth, N. E., and when a young man 
 suffered fines and imprisonment for refusing to perform 
 military service, being also impressed on board a war vessel 
 and cruelly beaten for not taking part in the duties as- 
 signed him. Finding him of no use on the vessel, the 
 commander allowed him to go upon land in England with- 
 out orders to return, and about the year 1705 he came to 
 Philadelphia. He became a resident of Chester, and mar- 
 ried there, 1, 5, 1706-7, Ann, daughter of Caleb Pusey. 
 In 1713 he removed to East Marlborough, and the next 
 year a meeting was established at his house, which after- 
 wards became Londongrove Meeting. By his first wife he 
 had a daughter Lydia, who married Thomas Jackson, and 
 by the second wife, Dorothy Windle, to whom he was mar- 
 ried 6, 6, 1728, he had Anne, John, Ruth, Thomas, and 
 Sarah. He died 10, 24, 1766, and was buried at London- 
 grove. Memorials concerning him have been published at 
 different times. 
 
 Robert Smith was of Scottish descent, and near the 
 end of the seventeenth century his grandfather lived in the 
 northeastern part of Ireland. Among the first of the 
 Scotch-Irish emigrants to Pennsylvania were the parents of 
 Robert Smith, — John and Susanna, — who left their homes 
 in 1720, one year after the enforcing of " the Test,'' and 
 whose special grievance was not the raising of the rent of 
 their homestead, but the absolute refusal of their landlord 
 to renew their lease unless they would comply with the re- 
 quirements of that hated act. With her brother John 
 came Mary Smith, who married Alexander Fulton, removed 
 to Little Britain, Lancaster Co., and to whom in due time 
 was born a grandson, Robert Fulton, who has indissolubly 
 linked his name with the history of steam navigation. 
 John Smith died Dec. 19, 1765, aged seventy-nine years, 
 and his wife Susanna, Dec. 24, 1767, age seventy-six years. 
 They were the parents of fifteen children. Three elder 
 brothers having sought their fortunes elsewhere, the home- 
 stead in Uwchlan fell to Robert, who was born at sea during 
 the voyage to this country, and who had married, Dec. 20, 
 1758, Margaret, daughter of John Vaughan, of Red Lion, 
 Uwchlan township. Sergt. Robert Smith is reported in the 
 public records of the time as " going to Reading to be quali- 
 fied," when, in 1757, the war between the French and Eng- 
 lish made the Indians restless and aggressive on the whole 
 Pennsylvania border, and called out large bodies of militia 
 
 in the heretofore peaceful colony. His next appearance is 
 in the commencement of the Revolution, in August, 1775. 
 The colony had but a small navy, and the chief reliance 
 for the defense of Philadelphia was on obstructions to be 
 placed in the channel of the Delaware River. Numerous 
 plans were offered, and after discussing them thoroughly it 
 was decided to place a line of chevaux-de-frize across the 
 channel east of the upper end of Hog Island, one and a 
 quarter miles below Red Bank, N. J. 
 
 At the date last mentioned, Robert Smith was thanked 
 by the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania for a 
 model of a machine for handling chevaux-de-frize, and was 
 soon after directed by the same body to report on the 
 merits of the rival plans of Govett and Guion for building 
 them, and to take charge of the works. He remained in 
 charge of them one year, and planned the land fortifications, 
 which were included in the same line of defenses. While 
 thus engaged, he was called and sat in the Convention 
 which, on Sept. 28, 1776, adopted the first State constitu- 
 tion of Pennsylvania, having been elected a delegate from 
 Chester County. On March 12, 1777, the Supreme Ex- 
 ecutive Council appointed him lieutenant of Chester 
 County. This office, whose name and duties were analo- 
 gous to those of the king's lieutenants in the counties of 
 the mother-country, gave him, with the rank of colonel, 
 the charge of raising, arming, and provisioning the mili- 
 tary contingent of his district, and in every way preparing 
 the troops to take the field. They remained under his com- 
 mand till they were called into the field. The selection 
 proved a good one. The Scotch -Irish were of the best 
 fighting material, and the circumstances under which they 
 had left their old homes made them have no hesitation in 
 taking up arms against the British government. From 
 them and the Welsh the military strength of the county 
 had chiefly to come, and as Col. Smith's wife, Margaret 
 Vaughan, was of a Welsh family, his influence extended 
 among them also. He had had some experience in mili- 
 tary affairs, and in administration, and would no doubt have 
 taken the field but that he was somewhat past the prime of 
 life, and had grown too large (weighing over two hundred 
 and fifty pounds) to undergo the fatigues of service at the 
 front. What service he could do his country could com- 
 mand, and the sequel showed him to be a most capable and 
 zealous officer. March 29, 1777, he took the oath and re- 
 ceived his commission as sheriff of the county. In Octo- 
 ber, 1783, he was one of the two persons elected by the 
 people, as the custom then was, for the office of sheriff, but 
 the Governor, in whom rested the final choice, selected 
 William Gibbons, the other candidate. On assuming the 
 lieutenancy, one of Col. Smith's duties was to ascertain the 
 capabilities of his district, and on April 12, 1777, he re- 
 ported that it contained 5000 men capable of bearing arms, 
 and promised to use his utmost exertions to get his contin- 
 gent in the greatest possible state of forwardness. The 
 raising, equipping, and provisioning of a large number of 
 troops called from Chester County into military service 
 during the Revolutionary war required the expenditure of 
 large sums of money, and liberal appropriations passed 
 through his hands. They were all properly accounted for, 
 as is proved by the fact of the report of the comptroller of 
 
BIOaRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 727 
 
 the State, who, June 25, 1785, near, the close of Col. 
 Smith's career as county lieutenant, reported that there was 
 a balance due him to April 1, 1785, of £106 4s. lOd. 
 This report being approved by the Supreme Executive 
 Council, an order was drawn in his favor for the amount. 
 He retired from this position March 21, 1786 (which he 
 had held for nine most eventful years), and from all pub- 
 lic offices except that of trustee of the State loan-office, 
 which he retained for about a year after this time. He 
 served for one term in the State Assembly in 1785. 
 
 In the latter part of 1787 he retired to his farm, twelve 
 years of uninterrupted public life having led him to covet 
 the quiet of home, and his private affairs, which had been 
 so long neglected, requiring his attention. He was a stanch 
 Presbyterian, an elder and pillar in the church of which 
 Rev. John Carmichael was pastor, and he brought up his 
 family after the most approved Scotch fashion. He was in 
 his later years remarkable for the sweetness and evenness 
 of his temper ; was a great reader and lover of books, 
 Young's "Night Thoughts" and Pope's translation of 
 Homer's " Iliad," then comparatively new books, being his 
 chief favorites. He owned two very fine farms in Uwchlan, 
 on the Conestoga road where it crosses Black Horse Creek 
 near its confluence with Marsh Creek, both streams being 
 tributaries .to the north branch of the Brandywine. He 
 died in 1803, aged eighty-three years, and his wife died in 
 Philadelphia in 1822, at the age of eighty-seven. Of their 
 children, Jonathan was for many years honorably and prom- 
 inently connected with the First and Second United States 
 Banks and the Bank of Pennsylvania as their cashier; 
 John was an iron-master, owning Joanna Furnace, near the 
 line between Chester and Berks Counties ; and Joseph was 
 an iron and shipping merchant of Philadelphia. 
 
 Jonathan's son — Gen. Persifor Frazer Smith — was a 
 brilliant officer of the United States army, and died in 
 Utah in 1859. He was the grandson of Col. Robert Smith, 
 and also a grandson, on the maternal line, of Col. Persifor 
 Frazer, of Chester County, a distinguished officer of the 
 war of the Revolution. 
 
 Joseph married Mary, daughter of Col. Persifor Frazer, 
 of Thornbury, then Chester, but now Delaware County. 
 They had several children, among them Hon. Persifor 
 Frazer Smith, a member of the bar of Chester County. 
 The latter was educated in Philadelphia, principally in the 
 classical schools of Samuel B. Wylie and Joseph P. Engles, 
 and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, July 31, 
 1823. He then read law with William H. Dillingham, 
 Esq., in West Chester, and was admitted to the bar at No- 
 vember term, 1829. He married, July 24, 1833, Thom- 
 asine S., daughter of Dr. George A. Fairlamb, of Downing- 
 town. In May, 1835, he was appointed by Governor Wolf 
 clerk of the Orphans' Court of Chester County, and in 1839, 
 by 0. F. Johnson, attorney-general under Governor Porter, 
 prosecuting attorney for Delaware County. Mr. Smith has 
 always maintained a very high position at the bar, and has 
 long been one of its recognized leaders. His opinions on 
 the perplexing questions constantly arising in the practice 
 of the law are eagerly sought for by his professional breth- 
 ren and clients, and are highly esteemed. He was a stanch 
 supporter of the Union cause during the war of the Rebel- 
 
 lion, and was a member of the Legislature in the sessions of 
 1862, '63, and '64, during its progress. He was reporter 
 of the decisions of the Supreme Court from 1865 to 1876. 
 
 Gen. George Fairlamb Smith was born in West 
 Chester, Feb. 28, 1840, and was a son of Persifor Frazer and 
 Thomasine (Fairlamb) Smith. He received his preparatory 
 education at the West Chester Academy, and graduated 
 with honor at Yale College in 1858. He then entered on 
 the study of the law with his father, but before his admis- 
 sion to the bar the war of the Rebellion burst upon the land, 
 and his heart filling with a sense of duty to his country, he 
 threw down his books and was one of the very first in 
 Chester County to enroll himself to stand by and defend 
 the old flag. 
 
 He enlisted in 1861 as a private in Capt. B. H. Sweney's 
 company, which subsequently was assigned to letter " G," 
 in the 2d Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, three months' 
 service. It left West Chester April 18th, and was regularly 
 mustered into the United States service at Harrisburg on 
 April 20th. Shortly after the muster Private Smith was de- 
 tailed to the position of quartermaster of the regiment, and 
 in a little while was regularly commissioned, his rank being 
 first lieutenant. 
 
 At the expiration of the term of enlistment of the 2d 
 Regiment he returned home and recruited a company for 
 the three years' service, which was assigned to the position 
 of Company B, in the 49th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Col. 
 William H. Irwin commanding. On July 16th he resigned 
 the captaincy of his company for the purpose of accepting 
 the majorship of the 61st Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers, his promotion taking effect March 15th of that year. 
 
 While serving in this position he received a dangerous 
 wound at the battle of Fair Oaks, and was taken prisoner. 
 He was conveyed to Libby prison, where he was kept one 
 week, and then removed to Salisbury, N. C, where he was 
 retained three months. At this same battle his colonel was 
 killed and lieutenant-colonel wounded, which leaving a va- 
 cancy in the staff, he was duly promoted to the lieutenant- 
 colonelcy of his regiment on June 1, 1862, and on March 21, 
 1864, was advanced to the colonelcy of the same. Col. Spear 
 having in the mean time been killed at Chancellorsville. In 
 this position he remained, faithfully and bravely doing his 
 duty until Sept. 7, 1864, when he was mustered out by 
 reason of the term of his three years' enlistment expiring. 
 Sept. 29, 1864, he was recommissioned, and upon special 
 order was discharged April 20, 1865. 
 
 He was severely wounded May 12th in the battle of the 
 Wilderness, and brought home, where he remained under 
 the care of Dr. Worthington for about four months, and 
 during this time he was admitted to practice at the bar of 
 Chester County, but returned to his command as soon as 
 able to do so, and remained there until he was discharged 
 at the time we have above stated. 
 
 He was elected to the office of district attorney in 1872, 
 the duties of which he discharged with credit to himself 
 and county for the term of three years. 
 
 In 1874 he was chosen by the Republicans of the Mid- 
 dle District of Chester County to represent them in the 
 State Legislature, in which he was a conspicuous member 
 for a period of two years. 
 
728 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 In 18Y5, Governor Hartranft appointed him an aide upon 
 his staff, with the rank of colonel, and upon the appointment 
 of Judge Yerkes to the bench in Philadelphia, the Governor 
 appointed him judge-advocate-general upon his staff, which 
 position he held until the time of his death. 
 
 He was also appointed by Governor Hartranft one of the 
 commission to select and locate a site for the Insane Asy- 
 lum for Chester, Bucks, Delaware, and Montgomery Coun- 
 ties, and in which he labored assiduously, giving the matter 
 all the attention at his command. 
 
 As a citizen, he was looked up to as active, careful, con- 
 scientious, and trustworthy, and in all public matters he 
 never was found lacking in the performance of any duty 
 that presented itself for him to perform. 
 
 As a lawyer, he occupied an enviable position, and as a 
 consequence his practice was large and proportionately re- 
 munerative. He was an able speaker and sound reasoner, 
 and, in a word, was a man in advance of his years. 
 
 In politics he was an earnest, untiring, and devoted ad- 
 vocate of the Republican party, and gave his voice and en- 
 ergies to the cause he so conscientiously espoused. 
 
 He died Oct. 18, 1817, and was interred with military 
 and Masonic honors in the Oaklands Cemetery, near West 
 Chester. 
 
 Rev. Robert Smith, D.D., was bom in Londonderry, 
 Ireland, in 1723 ; came with his parents when a child to 
 this country, and settled on the head-waters of the Brandy- 
 wine, in the Brandywine settlement, Chester Co., where he 
 grew up to manhood. He was educated at the celebrated 
 school of Samuel Blair, at Pagg's Manor, and was licensed 
 to preach Dec. 27, 1749. On May 22, 1750, he married 
 Elizabeth Blair, a sister of his preceptor, a lady of high 
 intellectual endowments, and fitted to grace the most ex- 
 alted station in society. March 26, 1751, he was installed 
 pastor of the Pequea Presbyterian Church, in Lancaster 
 County, near the Chester County line, ^ith a portion of his 
 congregation residing in Chester County. 
 
 At this place he established a classical and theological 
 institution of a high character, which was resorted to by a 
 large number of young men from Pennsylvania and other 
 provinces, many of whom were afterwards distinguished in 
 the different professions, and occupied positions of great 
 usefulness in the country. The school was prolific in valu- 
 able men. 
 
 Here was laid the foundation of the eminence of his 
 two sons. Rev. Samuel Stanhope Smith, D.D., who was the 
 first president of Hampden-Sidney College, in Virginia, and 
 afterwards succeeded Dr. Witherspoon as president of 
 Princeton College, N. J., and Rev. John Blair Smith, 
 D.D., who succeeded his brother as president of Hampden- 
 Sidney College, and was afterwards the first president of 
 Union College, Schenectady. 
 
 It is difficult to estimate the advantages to society and 
 the country from the maintenance of such schools as those 
 of Alison, Blair, Pinley, Smith, and others. Their influ- 
 ence, established and conducted as they were in the early 
 history of the province, was of great usefulness to the in- 
 habitants, not only of Pennsylvania, but of other provinces. 
 They were sought by young men with ability of a high 
 order, and they there received a classical and scientific edu- 
 
 cation which prepared them for high places in the various 
 professions. 
 
 After a life of great labor and usefulness, and a pastorate 
 of forty-two years, he died at Eockville, Chester Co., April 
 15, 1793, at the age of seventy-one years. He was return- 
 ing from Philadelphia, and had tarried at Eockville over 
 Saturday night, and the next morning started to go to his 
 church. As the congregation of Brandywine Manor were 
 assembling, they found him lying by the roadside, with his 
 faithful horse standing beside him. He did not long sur- 
 vive. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Smith was born in Nottingham, Chester 
 Co., Pa., in 1736, of English parents. He graduated at 
 Princeton College in 1764, and was licensed by the Presby- 
 tery of New Castle, Aug. 5, 1767. He was installed 
 pastor of the church of Lower Brandywine, in Delaware, 
 April 19, 1769, and of the Second Church, in Wilmington, 
 Oct. 27, 1774. In 1779 he received a call from Cross 
 Creek and Buffalo Churches, in Western Pennsylvania, and 
 in 1780 became their pastor. Here he spent the remainder 
 of his life, twelve years. 
 
 His family underwent the usual perils and trials of fron- 
 tier life, and sometimes were compelled to retire to forts or 
 block-houses to protect themselves from the merciless tom- 
 ahawk. 
 
 He was an able coadjutor of Dr. Power and Dr. McMil- 
 lan in the great Western field of ministerial labor. He 
 was a thorough classical scholar of well-disciplined mind, 
 and eminently successful in all his undertakings. 
 
 He opened a school at Upper Buffalo, in Washington 
 Co., Pa., for the theological education of young men. He 
 had a small building in the corner of his garden called 
 " the students' room." In this, and the " log cabin" of 
 Dr. McMillan, were educated some men who became dis- 
 tinguished for their influence and usefulness in society and 
 in the church of which they were members. This school 
 was subsequently transferred and organized near Canons- 
 burg, and out of it was raised Jefferson College. 
 
 Much praise is due to these men, who opened these fruit- 
 ful sources of instruction for our infant country at so early 
 a period of its settlement. 
 
 Joseph Smith died April 19, 1792, at the age of fifty- 
 six years. 
 
 Joseph Smith, of Oxford township, died in 1760. 
 The name of his wife was Isabel, and his children were 
 Robert, John, Mary, wife of Robert Fulton (and mother 
 of the inventor), Elizabeth, wife of James Cresswell, Isabel, 
 Esther, Martha, Joseph, and Abram. 
 
 Robert Smith, son of the above, was a resident of Lower 
 Oxford, and for many years a justice of the peace and of 
 the Common Pleas. He died about the year 1812, leaving 
 a number of children. In his will he ordered that no 
 spirits of any kind should be made use of at his wake or 
 funeral. 
 
 SPACKMAN, IsAAO, a worsted-comber, resided at a 
 small village called Hankerton, near Malmsbury, in Wilt- 
 shire, England, where he died about the year 1746, leaving 
 a widow, Esther, and seven children in straitened circum- 
 stances. In 1750, William Beale, who had settled in 
 Whiteland, Chester Co., a brother of the widow, visited 
 
RESIDENCE OF R. B. SMEDLEY, WILLISTOWN. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF THOMAS F. SCATTBRGOOD, WEST BRADFORD, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 729 
 
 England, and brought four of the children — Thomas, 
 Mary, Elizabeth, and Isaac^back with him. They were 
 bound out to service for a length of time to pay for their 
 passage. Their brother George also came over some years 
 later, and resided in Wilmington. The children of Isaac 
 and Esther Spackman were as follows: Thomas, b. Deo 
 18, 1728, d. 10, 2i, 1810 ; Mary, b. Dec. 26, 1733, d. 5^ 
 27, 1813, m. James Kenny; Elizabeth, b. Sept. 21, 1735, 
 d. 8, 25, 1796, m. Joseph Hawley, of West Bradford ; 
 Hester, b. July 19, 1738, remained in England; Isaac, b. 
 Nov. 21, 1739, d. 4, 15, 1823 ; George, b. Jan. 20, 1741, 
 d. 9, 4, 1798; Susanna, b. Oct. 17, 1743, remained in 
 England. 
 
 Thomas Spackman married Jane Wollerton, and settled 
 in East Bradford in 1761. He built a mill in that year 
 on Valley Creek, now belonging to Alfred Grubb, and left 
 children,— George, Isaac, Hester, Thomas, Sarah, Daniel, 
 Rachel, Elizabeth, and Mary. The son, Thomas, married 
 Deborah Cope, 3, 19, 1795, and was the father of George 
 Spackman, of West Chester, now deceased, and others. 
 
 Isaac Spackman married, 4, 21, 1768, Susanna Clayton, 
 of West Bradford, and settled in East Cain. His children 
 were George, Ann, James, Isaac. Mary, m. to William 
 Davis ; Susanna, m. to John Michener; Thomas, and Edith. 
 Of these, Thomas was the father of Isaac Spackman, secre- 
 tary of the Chester County Mutual Eire Insurance Company. 
 Those of the family who came from England, with the 
 exception of Thomas, became Friends after their arrival in 
 this country. 
 
 SPEAKMAN, Thomas, of Reading, in Berkshire, 
 England, with the approbation of Friends and consent of 
 his mother, Elizabeth, came to Pennsylvania in 1712, and 
 settled then or shortly after in Londongrove township. He 
 
 married, in 1714, Ann , and afterwards became a 
 
 minister among Friends. He died 5, 15, 1732, leaving 
 children, — Hugh, Thomas, Ebenezer, Micajah, Joshua, and 
 Ann, married to Nicholas Newlin, of Concord. Ebenezer 
 Speakman married Mary Hayes, and was the father of 
 George, Joshua, Jacob, Lydia, m. to Richard Ladley; Mary, 
 m. to Joseph Baker ; and Margaret, m. to Job Hayes. He 
 died 3, 25, 1809, in his eighty-fifth year, and his widow 
 9, 20, 1810, in her eighty-third year. 
 
 Micajah Speakman settled in Concord, and married, 4, 
 22, 1752, Mary Griffith, from Wales. 'She died 11, 28, 
 1774, and he married, 5, 23, 1781, Phebe Yarnall, a widow 
 and a minister, who paid a lengthy religious visit to Eng- 
 land, 1796-1800. Micajah Speakman, Jr., was the father 
 of Stephen, Phebe Ann, m. to Isaac W. Van Leer ; Wil- 
 liam A., Rebecca S., Sarah A., m. to J. Miller McKim. 
 
 STARR, John, whose father is said to have served in 
 the Parliamentary army as a captain of infantry, and after- 
 wards removed to Ireland, resided at Oldcastle, in the 
 county of Meath. By Mary, his wife, he had children, — 
 John, b. 7th mo., 1674 ; James, b. 10, 28, 1676 ; George, b. 
 2, 16, 1679 ; Mary, b. 7, 15, 1682 ; Elizabeth, b. 9, 12, 
 1684; Susannah, b. 9, 23, 1686 ; Jeremiah, b. 8, 17, 1690 ; 
 Moses, b. 8, 27, 1692 ; Isaac, b. 9, 23, 1697. 
 
 Of these, James, with Rachel, his wife, came to Penn- 
 sylvania in 1712, and settled in New Garden, afterwards 
 removing to the site of Phoenixville. Jeremiah married, 
 92 
 
 11, 10, 1716, Rebecca Jackson, b. 3, 25, 1697, daughter 
 of Isaac and Ann, and towards the close of the year 1717 
 came to Chester County and settled in Londongrove, a little 
 northwest of Avondale. 
 
 Moses Starr married, 6, 2, 1715, at Oldcastle Meeting, 
 Deborah King, daughter of Merrick King, of that place. 
 They came over with Jeremiah and his wife, and after a 
 time removed to Maiden Creek, Berks Co., of which county 
 he was the first, and for a time the only, representative 
 in Assembly. 
 
 Isaac Starr, the youngest brother, also came over, and 
 married, 12, 20, 1723, Margaret, daughter of Thomas 
 Lightfoot, by whom he had several children. Of Jere- 
 miah's six children, Moses married Sarah, daughter of 
 Michael and Hannah (Maris) Harian, 3d mo. 19, 1760, 
 and had four children, of whom Jeremiah was born 9th 
 mo. 16, 1762. He married Anne, daughter of Thomas 
 and Elizabeth Whitson, of Sadsbury township. He died 3d 
 mo. 12, 1816, and she 5th mo. 4, 1818. Of their six 
 children, Jeremiah, born 7th mo. 5, 1798, married Mary, 
 daughter of Eli and Sarah (Scariett) Thompson, 10th mo. 
 11, 1827. She was born 5th mo. 15, 1810. He died 4th 
 mo. 17, 1876. Of their seven children, Charies Thomp- 
 son, the youngest, was born 8th mo. 23, 1846, and married 
 Emma F., daughter of William L. Chandler, of New Garden 
 township, 9th mo. 9, 1874. Their three children are Wil- 
 liam C, Lilian, and Chester Thompson. Jeremiah Starr, 
 the emigrant, settled in Londongrove township, his son 
 Moses in New Garden, about 1760, on a tract of two hun- 
 dred and eleven acres, on which his son Jeremiah lived, also 
 Jeremiah, son of the last, and on part of which (forty-eight 
 acres) Charles T. Starr resides. His house was built by his 
 father in 1823. ^Ihe mother of Charles T. was a grand- 
 daughter of John Scarlett, who married Mary, daughter of 
 Joseph and Mary Dixon. John was the son of Nathaniel 
 Scarlett, who married Hannah Dutton. Nathaniel was a 
 son of Humphrey Scarlett. Charles Starr is the proprietor 
 of the " Pleasantville Green-houses," in New Garden town- 
 ship, two miles from Avondale, on the Philadelphia and 
 Baltimore Central Railroad. He is one of the most suc- 
 cessful florists in the State, and especially noted as a tube- 
 rose-grower. He makes a specialty of carnation pinks, 
 which, with his other innumerable varieties, he ships by 
 m'ail to all parts of the country. His plants and bulbs, 
 put up in small packages, are usually transported through 
 the mails. From small beginnings he has extended his 
 green-houses and establishment to large proportions, and 
 does annually an extensive business. 
 
 STAUFFER, Frank H., a resident of Berwyn, and 
 prominently connected with its improvements, was born in 
 Philadelphia, Oct. 3, 1832. His father, Mr. Jacob Staufi'er, 
 who died at Lancaster, Pa., March 22, 1880, was a scientist, 
 who was widely known on this continent, and to some ex- 
 tent in Europe, for his discoveries and attainments. As 
 early as 1850, Rev. Dr. Morris stated that " he knew of no 
 other savant, except Mr. Stum, of Nuremberg, who could 
 write, set up, illustrate, and print his own works." Frank 
 H. is a graduate of " The University of Daily Journalism," 
 and is a contributor to some of the leading papers and 
 magazines of the country. A volume of his poems, enti- 
 
730 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 tied '' Toward Sunset," and issued by Lippinoott & Co., in 
 1879, was received with considerable favor. 
 
 STEELE. — Ninian Steele, with his wife and children, 
 came from the north of Ireland, and settled in New London 
 township, Chester Co. He died in December, 1745, leav- 
 ing a widow, Mary, and six children, — Robert, Martha, 
 Samuel, Susannah, Ninian, and William. 
 
 Samuel Steele, his son, resided at what was then and is yet 
 known as Thunder Hill, in New London township. He 
 died in May, 1760, leaving eleven children, — Robert, Ruth, 
 Jane, Samuel, Francis, Joseph, James, William, Ninian, 
 Ann, and Elizabeth. Of these, Ruth Steele was born in 
 1719, and married Samuel Futhey in January, 1750 (see 
 Futhey family) ; Jane Steele married George Campbell. 
 He died in March, 1812, leaving eight children, some of 
 whom emigrated to North Carolina. James Steele married 
 Isabella Read, of New London. They resided in West 
 Fallowfield township. He died in 1807, and his wife in 
 1814. Their descendants removed to Western Virginia. 
 Elizabeth Steele and others of the family settled in North- 
 umberland (now Union County) at an early day. 
 
 William Steele, son of Samuel, settled on a farm two 
 miles east of the village of New London, which remained 
 in the family three generations. He was born in 1731, 
 married Elizabeth Magee, Jan. 21, 1756, and died Sept. 
 5, 1797. His wife died July 5, 1779. Their only child, 
 John Steele, was born in 1760, married Ann Montgomery, 
 April 11, 1781, and died April 29, 1841. Their children 
 were William, Ann, Elizabeth, John, Hannah, Susanna, 
 and Maria. 
 
 William Steele, the eldest of these children, was born in 
 1783, married Mary Kimble, June 18, 1809, and died 
 July 12, 1869. Their children were John K., George, 
 Maria, Milton, Jackson, Clement, Eliza, John, and Samuel. 
 John K. Steele, the eldest of these, married Ann Wilkin- 
 son, March 2, 1837. They have had five children. 
 
 The descendants of Ninian Steele, the emigrant, are 
 very numerous, and are scattered over the whole country. 
 A branch, about the period of the Revolution, went to 
 North Carolina, and settled in the neighborhood of Char- 
 lotte, where their descendants now reside. 
 
 Gjen. James Steele. — -William Steele settled in 
 Lancaster County in l750. His wife was a Kerr. Their 
 children were Archibald, John, William, and James. The 
 fourth son, James, was several times a member of the Legis- 
 lature, and during the war of 1812 he held the responsible 
 position of inspector-general of the Pennsylvania State 
 troops. His zeal as an officer and integrity as a man made 
 him universally beloved by all who knew him. He resided 
 at Steeleville, in West Fallowfield township, Chester Co., 
 and gave name to the village. Here his son, Franklin 
 Steele, was born May 12, 1814. Gen. Steele died in 1844. 
 In 1837, Franklin Steele visited the Falls of St. Anthony, 
 and from that period he was closely identified with the his- 
 tory and interests of the Upper Mississippi. In April, 
 1843, he married Annie E. Barney, a granddaughter of 
 the distinguished Commodore Barney of Revolutionary 
 fame, and a daughter of Hon. W. C. Barney, of Baltimore. 
 For many years they resided at Fort Snelling, and after- 
 wards at Minneapolis. He became one of the leading citi- 
 
 zens of that section of the country, and on the occasion of 
 the election of Gen. Shields to the United States Senate, 
 Mr. Steele came within one vote of receiving the nomina- 
 tion in caucus> He amassed a large fortune, and was ever 
 liberal to all enterprises deserving of encouragement. He 
 was considered the wealthiest man in Minnesota. At one 
 time he owned the Fort Snelling reservation and the entire 
 site where the city of Minneapolis was built. He died 
 Sept. 10, 1880, His brother. Dr. John Steele, and three 
 sisters reside in Minneapolis. One of his sisters was the 
 wife of Gen. H. H. Sibley, at one time Governor of Min- 
 nesota. She is now deceased. 
 
 STRICKLAND, Nimrod, was born in Vincent township 
 June 28, 1807, and died in West Chester, May 15, 1880. 
 
 In early manhood he identified himself with the Demo- 
 cratic party, and by his fealty and persistent labors to the 
 principles it espoused he early earned for himself a reputa- 
 tion as a successful politician throughout the State, which 
 he continued to enjoy up to the time of his death. Aside 
 from his political career, his usefulness in the more private 
 walks of life was long and well demonstrated, and only 
 ceased with his physical inability to perform the duties to 
 which he was selected. 
 
 The first office he held was that of clerk to the county 
 commissioners. During the campaign between Wolf and 
 Barnard for the office of Governor, he actively espoused 
 the cause of the former, and after Wolf was elected Gov- 
 ernor he recognized his services by appointing him first 
 recorder of deeds and then register of wills of Chester 
 County, each of which he held three years. Aug. 31, 1837, 
 he married Margaret McCullough. He then for some years 
 was a clerk in the Treasury Department, when Governor 
 Wolf was First Comptroller of the Treasury of the United 
 States. He held the office of associate judge for several 
 years, and was also for a term one of the canal commis- 
 sioners of the State. In 1854-55 he served as warden ot 
 the Eastern Penitentiary, but the duties were distasteful to 
 him and he resigned. He also at different times held the 
 offices of justice of the peace, bank appraiser, jury commis- 
 sioner and prison inspector. During President Buchanan's 
 administration he held a position in the custom-house in 
 Philadelphia. He was for some years editor of the Amer- 
 ican Repuhlican, and was afterwards co-editor of the Penn- 
 sylvanian with Dr. Morwitz. 
 
 Some years before his death, he had an operation per- 
 formed on his eyes for cataract, which did not prove suc- 
 cessful, and they gradually grew worse until the sight was 
 totally destroyed, thus adding to his afflictions one irrepar- 
 able and severe. 
 
 He was a member of the Baptist Church for forty-six 
 years, and also a member of the Odd-Fellows. This organ- 
 ization was kind to him, and during his last illness rendered 
 that brotherly assistance for which they were organized and 
 are so widely noted. 
 
 His counsel was sought by many of all political parties, . 
 and in public recognition, of his intellect and good judg- 
 ment he stood high in the estimation of all who enjoyed 
 his acquaintance. He was genial and kind in his manner, 
 ever having a pleasant word of good advice and cheer for all 
 who came about him. 
 
C. E. SUPLEE. 
 
 Among the earliest settlers 
 of Germantown was Andreas 
 Soupll, who was evidently 
 a man of influence, heing 
 chosen sheriff of that corpo- 
 ration in 1691. On the Kev- 
 olutionary muster-rolls of Phil- 
 adelphia County are John, 
 Isaac, Jacob, Andrew, Jona- 
 than, Nathan, and David Sup- 
 lee. Peter Suplee, of Schuyl- 
 kill township, was a soldier in 
 the Revolutionary war, and 
 died of camp fever in the ser- 
 vice a few months before his 
 son Peter w«s born. The latter 
 married Hannah Eastburn, to 
 whom were born nine children, 
 of whom the following are 
 living: Silas; Peter; C. E. ; 
 Margaret, married to Josejih 
 Kapp; and Eliza, married to 
 W. K. Kennedy. C. E. Sup- 
 lee, the second son and child, 
 was born July 30, 1804. He 
 passed his boyhood on the farm, 
 and was educated in the com- 
 mon schools. When eighteen 
 years old he was apprenticed 
 to the blacksmith trade, and 
 after thoroughly mastering it 
 carried on this business for 
 seven years, part of the time 
 in Montgomery and part in 
 Delaware County. He then 
 
 worked two years as a jour- 
 neyman. About the year 1834 
 he purchased of his father one 
 hundred acres, upon which he 
 has since resided. On this he 
 has erected nearly all the build- 
 ings, and has made many val- 
 uable improvements to the 
 place. In 1827 he was mar- 
 ried to Catharine, daughter of 
 Charles Jones, of Montgomery 
 County, by whom ho has had 
 seven children, — Benjamin P., 
 deceased, leaving a wife and 
 two children ; Mary J , married 
 to William Stephens; Edwin 
 M. ; Hiinnah ; Adaline, married 
 to Abraham Delp ; Siirah J. ; 
 and Esther Ann, married to 
 Gideon Kuth. He has been 
 school director, and served in 
 other local positions. His 
 family are regular attendants 
 of the Baptist Church. Ho 
 is a practical farmer, and has 
 been for forty years very largely 
 in the dairy business. He is a 
 Republican in politics. His 
 farm is situated about two and 
 a half miles from Phoenixville, 
 in a region very early settled 
 by some of his ancestors. He 
 enjoys the respect and confi- 
 dence of the community in 
 which he resides. 
 
 RESIDENCE AND 
 
 FARM Of C B. SUPLEE, SCHUYLKILL. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 731 
 
 STRAWBRTDGE, Thomas, the son of James Straw- 
 bridge, who settled in Londonderry township, in that part 
 now called Penn, prior to 1Y47, was a native thereof. He 
 was a member of the Convention of July 15, 1776, that 
 formed the first State constitution ; a captain in Col. Evan's 
 battalion of Chester County militia in January, 1777; and 
 appointed sub-lieutenant of the county Oct. 16, 1777. He 
 seems to have been an ardent, active patriot of the Revo- 
 lution, but we have no further record of him. 
 
 STRODE, George, of the parish of Milbrook, in the 
 county of Southampton, England, grocer, was a purchaser 
 of 500 acres from William Penn, July 25, 1682. He 
 came over soon after, and his land was located in Concord 
 township. He appears to have been in some way connected 
 with the Green family of that township. 
 
 George Strode, of East Bradford, " being antient," died 
 about 1757, and was probably a son of the first named. 
 His children, so far as known, were George, John, and 
 William. John was the father of Richard, b. March 7, 
 1742, d. 5, 22, 1814. Richard married Sarah Hickman, 
 12, 28, 1763, daughter of Francis Hickman, of Thornbury, 
 and was the father of Mary, Joseph, Caleb, Francis, Ann, 
 Richard, John, and Moses Strode, who all died young except 
 Joseph and Richard. Joseph married Esther, daughter of 
 Joseph and Edith Cheyney, born Dec. 8, 1768, died March 
 31, 1827. He was born Oct. 22, 1766, and died May 10, 
 1827, leaving children, — Caleb, Sarah, Joseph C, Edith, 
 Ann (m. to Lewis Levis), Martha (now wife of Caleb 
 Brinton), and Esther, all now deceased, and without issue, 
 except Martha Brinton. 
 
 Joseph C. Strode was born April 24, 1796, in East 
 Bradford township, where his father, Joseph Strode, lived, 
 near Strode's mill, and after absorbing such learning as was 
 to be had at the public schools was sent to the boarding- 
 school of John Gummere, the celebrated mathematician, at 
 Burlington, N. J., where he pursued the study of Latin and 
 French, and perfected himself in the higher branches of 
 mathematics, in which latter science he was one of the 
 most able proficients of the age. Returning home, he 
 opened a boarding-school for boys, which soon became 
 known and successful. Among his scholars were Hon. 
 William Dariington, Hon. Washington Townsend, Jesse 
 James, Esq., Dr. J. B. Brinton, James Jeiferis, and others, 
 and at a later period Hon. John Hickman, J. Edgar 
 Thomson, Isaac Dariington, and a host of others, who have 
 since made their mark in distinguished positions of trust 
 and honor. After carrying on his school for about twenty 
 years he was induced to accept a position as civil engineer 
 on the then Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad, which 
 he held for a few years. He afterwards returned to "his 
 school, which he conducted until about the year 1846, 
 when he finally retired from it, and it passed into other 
 hands. He then found amusement and an outlet for his 
 exuberant mathematical talent in making the necessary cal- 
 culations, and in assisting his friends and neighbors in in- 
 troducing hydraulic rams on their premises. He was 
 always pleased to give to any one who wished the benefit of 
 his knowledge, and thus rendered his leisure very useful. 
 Some'years before his death he removed, with three maiden 
 sisters, to the borough of West Chester, where he died 
 
 Dec. 31, 1873. He was a thorough gentleman, of modest, 
 kindly disposition, and he may safely be said to have passed 
 away without ever having made an enemy. He was never 
 married. 
 
 STUBBS, Joseph I.— Daniel Stubbs was an early 
 settler of Lancaster County, and was the father of Isaac, 
 who married Hannah Brown. To them were born eight 
 children, of whom the sixth was Joseph I. Stubbs, born 1st 
 mo. 2, 1818, in Harford Co., Md., in sight of the rocks 
 of Deer Creek. His grandfather on the maternal side was 
 Jeremiah Brown, one of the pioneers in Lancaster County. 
 Joseph I. spent his boyhood on the farm, and was after- 
 wards many years in mercantile business in East Notting- 
 ham township. He has been a resident of this county thirty 
 years. His farm of one hundred and forty acres is situated 
 two and a half miles from Oxford, and is called " Maple- 
 wood." It is located in a fine region of country, and was 
 a part of the original Pugh tract. 
 
 He was married in 1852 to Martha, daughter of Joseph 
 and Ruth (Wilson) Pierson, from which union six children 
 were born, viz. ; Lauren P., Howard L., Josephine, Isaac 
 Wilson, Adaline (deceased), and Walter Daniel. Mr. 
 Stubbs is of English and Quaker ancestry on both sides. 
 
 SWAYNE. — Among the earliest Quaker families that 
 settled Chaster County was that of Francis Swayne (who 
 by an old deed is styled practitioner of medicine). He was 
 the son of William Swayne, of Oekingham, Liberty of 
 Wilts, Berkshire, England, who died in 1693, leaving two 
 sons and a daughter, — Francis, the emigrant, Judith, and 
 William. To the latter he left by will his house and lands 
 in Oekingham : to his daughter, house and ground called 
 the Harpe-bien, Bienfield, and to his son Francis, " All that 
 house & Land, and the Store in the common field of Bien- 
 field, by the wayside going to Bienfield church," and 
 making him whole executor of " All my goods, cattle, corn," 
 
 etc. 
 
 Francis Swayne married Elizabeth Milton, and had re- 
 moved from Bienfield to East Hampstead Park some years 
 previous to coming to America, and his son William records 
 that " about the year 1704 my father and mother and my- 
 self were convinced and received the truth." 
 
 William Swayne, eldest son of Francis and Elizabeth, was 
 born the 30th of 1st mo., 1689, in the parish of Bienfield, 
 and when about eighteen sailed from Bristol " on board a 
 ship called the ' Saulsbury,' " and in about five weeks 
 landed at Philadelphia on the 15th of 9th mo., 1708, and 
 in about a' year and a half thereafter Francis and Elizabeth, 
 with their remaining children,— Francis, Edward, Eliza- 
 beth, Jane, and Sarah,— landed at New Castle, on the Dela- 
 ware, where they were met and welcomed by their son Wil- 
 liam, who had preceded them. They went to what is now 
 East Marlborough township, Chester Co., and purchased 
 and settled on one of the lots of land joining the south side 
 of Mariborough Street, containing 425 acres, it being then 
 an uncultivated wilderness. The deed of conveyance to 
 Francis Swayne bears date 12th day of September, A.D. 
 1711. Francis and his son William were both prominent 
 and active members of the Society of Friends. 
 
 In the year 1713, Franciswent on an extended religious 
 visit to Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Starting from 
 
732 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Philadelphia, holding meetings by the way, to Flushing, New- 
 port, Dartmouth, thence to Nantucket, Rochester, Falmouth, 
 Barnstable, Sandwich, Yarmouth, Plymouth, Scituate, 
 Boston, Salem, Lynn, Marblehead, Hampton, Amesbury, 
 Newburyport, Portsmouth, etc. Several of these places 
 were visited twice. During the journey, which occupied 
 three mouths, from 7th mo. 24th to 10th mo. 21st, about 
 seventy meetings were held. When we take into account 
 the difficulties of traveling in those early days, we are led 
 to conclude that the emigrant ancestor of the Swaynes was 
 possessed of a fair share of the zeal which characterized the 
 early Friends. 
 
 While in Nantucket he met with a family of the same 
 name as his own, who had settled there in 1662, from some 
 town east of Boston. They proved to have been of the 
 same family in England. 
 
 There is a family tradition that Francis, while resting for 
 lunch, in the harvest-time, under the shade of some par- 
 ticular tree, remarked that he would like to be buried 
 there; his wish was remembered, and when, in 1721, 9th 
 mo. 30th, he died, he was interred on the spot selected by 
 himself, the place was inclosed with a wall, and for upwards 
 of eighty years was used as the family burying-gronnd. 
 
 Francis Swayne during his lifetime conveyed to his eldest 
 son William, the pioneer, by deed dated 9th mo. 8, 
 1717, 195 acres of his original purchase, bordering on the 
 Marlborough Street. 
 
 William, on 7th mo. 29, 1720, at the age of thirty-two, 
 married Elizabeth Dell, daughter of Thomas and Mary, of 
 Ridley, now Delaware County. He died in 1735, at the age 
 of forty-seven. Elizabeth died in 1743. Their children 
 were,— 1. William (2), b. 4, 11, 1721 ; m. 10, 1, 1743, Ann 
 Pusey, daughter of Caleb and Prudence, of East Marl- 
 borough ; died 9, 8, 1785. Ann, born 4, 2, 1723 ; died 8, 
 27, 1802. 2. Francis, b. 12, 18, 1722; m. 3, 18, 1748, 
 Betty Baily, daughter of Joel, of West Marlborough. 
 
 Betty, born 1, 8, 1728; died . 3. John, b. 8, 27, 
 
 1724; d. 2, 28, 1755, unmarried. 4. Thomas, b. 9, 19, 
 1726 ; m, 3, 18, 1749, Mary Sharpless, daughter of John, 
 of Ridley ; d. 12, 23, 1792. 5. Mary, b. 3, 29, 1728 ; m. 4, 
 15, 1748, Thomas Pusey, son of Caleb and Prudence, of 
 East Marlborough. She died 4, 18, 1802. 6. Elizabeth, 
 b. 8, 22,1729; m. 2, 11, 1751, Israel Howell, son of 
 Evan, of Bdgmont. She died 4, 29, 1757. 7. Samuel, b. 
 12, 13, 1730; m. 6, 16, 1756, Hannah Hayes, daughter 
 of William and Jane, of East Marlborough ; d. 7, 25, 1808. 
 Hannah, b. 1, 1, 1736; d. 9, 13, 1799. 8. Joseph, b. 6, 
 22, 1732 ; died in infancy. 9. Ann, b. 3, — , 1735 ; m. 
 4, 10, 1754, George Webb, of Kennet, son of Daniel. 
 She died 4, 24, 1764. 
 
 The descendants of William and Elizabeth Swayne are 
 numerous, and mostly have lived in Chester and Delaware 
 Counties, and are to be found among many of the old fam- 
 ilies of the two counties, having intermarried with (besides 
 those before mentioned) the Woodwards, Copes, Marsh alls, 
 Jacksons, Pennocks, Phillipses, Thomases, Wickershams, 
 Seals, Bailys, Woods, Barnards, Houses, Bancrofts, Noblets, 
 Homes, Yarnalls, Waltons, Hadleys, Taggarts, Grays, etc. 
 
 Joel Swayne, late of East Marlborough, a grandson of 
 William (2), and son of Benjamin and Susanna, was born 
 
 5th mo. 22, 1804, married, 10th mo. 11, 1827, Lydia Ann 
 Jackson, daughter of Israel and Sarah, of West Grove, and 
 died 5th mo. 9, 1840. He was a public-spirited man and 
 active in the cause of education and reforms, and, together 
 with the late William Jackson, an uncle by marriage, 
 strongly advocated a thorough public-school system. 
 
 In 1839 he was elected one of the members from this 
 county to the State Legislature, and died while a member 
 of that body. He was an indefatigable student, and pos- 
 sessed a large fund of scientific and literary learning, and 
 the papers and periodicals of the day frequently contained 
 productions in prose and poetry from his pen. He pos- 
 sessed poetic talents of a very high order, his home feelings 
 and attachments were of the strongest, and his admiration 
 of the beauties of nature, particularly in his native county, 
 were intense, and beautifully expressed in his poem entitled 
 " Home" : 
 
 " Where beauteous streams rich valleys part, 
 'Mid Pennsylvania's cultured hills, 
 What marvel that a minstrel's heart — 
 Where feeling's pulse with fervor thrills, 
 Spontaneous to life's joys or ills — 
 Should feel the tide of rapture start 
 When gazing on such scenes as these, 
 Adorned by Home's sweet witcheries ?" 
 
 Edward Swayne, son of Benjamin and Sarah P., who 
 was the son of Caleb, who was the son of William (2), was 
 born 1st mo. 15, 1826, and died 11th mo. 18, 1846, before 
 he had reached his twenty-first year. He possessed a poetic 
 temperament of the highest order, and had he lived would 
 no doubt have taken a prominent place in the literary 
 world. His feelings were intense, and his expression of 
 poetic images vivid and true to nature, and his flow of lan- 
 guage required a swift pen to keep pace with it when the 
 poetic mood was on him. His poems are mostly short, and 
 addressed to friends or contained in letters. It is to be 
 hoped that they may yet be collected and published in 
 book form. 
 
 Lieut. Joel J. Swayne, the youngest son of William and 
 Mary Ann (Marshall), who was the son of Benjamin, the 
 
 son of William (2), was born , 1837, in Pennsbury 
 
 township. When the war of the Rebellion began he was 
 engaged in business in East Marlborough. Being im- 
 pressed that the war was to be a protracted and desperate 
 one, he urged the importance of promptly organizing mili- 
 tary companies, and with Col. Fred Taylor and one or two 
 others raised and organized the Kennet Rifle Company, 
 which was afterwards incorporated with the 1st Pennsyl- 
 vania Rifles, or " Bucktail" Regiment. 
 
 Joel, who with characteristic modesty did not aspire to 
 the position of a commissioned officer, though deserving it, 
 was made sergeant, but was afterwards elected second lieu- 
 tenant of the company. He remained continuously with 
 the men from the time the company was organized, laboring 
 assiduously, by drill-exercise, to perfect them in that dis- 
 cipline which he considered of most importance in the 
 effective soldier. 
 
 The Kennet Rifles were present at the battle of Dranes- 
 ville, the opening engagement of the war, and proved their 
 training by their coolness under fire. Subsequently, Lieut. 
 Swayne was appointed adjutant of a battalion of the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 733 
 
 " Bucktails," detailed for service in the Shenandoah Val- 
 ley. He was fatally wounded at Harrisonburg, June 6, 
 1862, and died at the hospital in Harrisburg about three 
 weeks thereafter. Of his character we will let his comrades- 
 in-arms speak for him : 
 
 " He has fallen in the holy cause of Liberty and Union, and yet he 
 lives in the cherished record of a bright and heroic example. He has 
 indeed left among us a name all bright,— without stain or blemish in 
 great things or small. He had entire command of his own spirit. 
 He was gentle yet firm, amiable yet decisive, respectful to all, yet 
 commanding obedience from his men at will. He had that admirable 
 finish to his character which enabled him to act with discretion and 
 self-possession on all occasions. Hence he obtained the entire confi- 
 dence of men in all he attempted to do. 
 
 " Swayne's proficiency was far from being accidental : he was a most 
 diligent military student. He not only aspired to excel, but he toiled 
 with mind and body to become an accomplished soldier and ofBcer, 
 and he succeeded well. 
 
 " The steady balance of his mind, his patient industry, his consci- 
 entious performance of duty, may doubtless be largely attributed to 
 the sound principles of morality and justice instilled into his mind in 
 early life. The foundations of his character were laid sure. A strong 
 love of free institutions and firm regard for the rights of man formed 
 the motive-power which moved his soul to action and made him 
 capable of the noblest deeds." 
 
 Francis Swayne (2), son of Francis and Elizabeth, was 
 born in East Hampstead, Berkshire, England, came to 
 America in 1710, married, 4th mo. 10, 1724, Hester Dicks, 
 daughter of Peter, of Providence, (now) Delaware Co. ; 
 date of death unknown. They resided in West Cain. 
 Their children were John, who died unmarried, Joshua, 
 Caleb, Sarah, Deborah, and Ann. Of these, Joshua (1) 
 married, about the year 1748, Phebe St. Clair, daughter of 
 William and Phebe. They resided in West Cain, where 
 they both died in 1760. Their children — Samuel, Susan- 
 nah, John, Joshua (2), and Esther — were' born between the 
 years 1749 and 1758, in West Cain. 
 
 Joshua (2), born 6th mo. 19, 1755, when of a suitable 
 age, was apprenticed to an ironsmith, who removed to Vir- 
 ginia, taking young Joshua with him. After serving his 
 time out he settled in Jefferson County, near Harper's 
 Ferry, where he became possessed of one of the finest farms 
 in that region. 
 
 The children of Joshua (2) and Rebecca (Smith) were 
 Samuel, John, Thomas, Joshua, and Noah H. The family 
 removed from Virginia to Ohio, where they were prosper- 
 ous farmers. Noah H., the youngest, studied law, and 
 during Jackson's administration was appointed a United 
 States attorney for Ohio. He practiced law there success- 
 fully for a number of years, and on Jan. 25, 1862, was 
 appointed by President Lincoln a justice of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States, a position which he honorably 
 and acceptably filled till January, 1881, a period of nine- 
 teen years, when advancing age and a desire to complete 
 some literary undertakings induced him to resign the po- 
 sition. 
 
 Judge Swayne was born Dec. 7, 1804. He married 
 Sarah Ann Wager, of Virginia ; they have four sons and a 
 daughter. The eldest son. Gen. J. Wager Swayne, distin- 
 guished himself in the late war, and was appointed at its 
 close an assistant commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau. 
 
 Deborah, daughter of Francis (2), married Enoch Butler, 
 son of Noble, of Uwchlan. Caleb Swayne, son of Francis 
 
 (2), was born about the year 1727, married, 12th mo. 1, 
 1749, Lydia Bruce, daughter of James, of East Cain. 
 Their children were Francis, and James, born about 
 1751-2, who married, 11th mo. 17, 1773, Hannah Swayne, 
 daughter of Francis and Betty. Their children were 
 Francis, b. 12, 8, 1774 ; Caleb, b. 10, 4, 1776 ; Eli, Betty, 
 Lydia, Orpha, Hannah, and Susanna. 
 
 Francis Swayne, son of Caleb and Lydia, is presumed to 
 be the Gen. Francis Swayne, the friend of Gen. Muhlen- 
 berg, to whom the latter willed his silver cigar-case. He 
 was said to have been a drummer-boy in the Revolu- 
 tionary war, and a general in the war of 1812. He died 
 at Reading, Pa., June 17, 1820. Francis and Sarah left 
 a daughter, Jane. 
 
 Eli Swayne, son of James and Hannah, married, 10, 14, 
 1807, Deborah Woodward, daughter of Thomas and Mary, 
 of East Marlborough ; their descendants removed to Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Edward Swayne, third son of Francis (1) and Elizabeth, 
 was born in Bast Hampstead, Berkshire, England, in the 
 year 1703, came to America with the family in 1710, 
 married, 2d mo. 25, 1728, Sarah Fincher, daughter of 
 John, of Londongrove. They lived on part of the original 
 purchase made by his father, which they inherited from 
 him. Edward died 4, 24, 1776, aged about seventy-three 
 years ; Sarah died 11th mo., 1804, in her ninety-sixth year. 
 She was the last one buried in the family burying-ground. 
 The children of Edward and Sarah were Edward, Jonathan, 
 Isaac, Jesse, Robert, Jane, Hannah, Sarah, Elizabeth, and 
 Martha. The only male descendants of the name in this 
 branch are from Jesse, who left three sons, — Jesse, Edward, 
 and Ishmael. 
 
 Some of the living descendants of Edward and Sarah 
 are in the vicinity of Doe Run, Chester Co. Some have 
 intermarried with the Masons, Whites, Haydons, Harlans, 
 Marises, Yarnalls, Englands, etc. 
 
 Elizabeth Swayne, daughter of Francis (1) and Elizabeth, 
 was born in East Hampstead, Berkshire, England, came 
 to America in 1710 with the family, married Thomas 
 Barnard, son of Richard (1), died without issue. 
 
 Jane Swayne, daughter of Francis (1) and Elizabeth, 
 came to America with the family, 1710, married, 3, 4, 
 1719, John Jackson, son of Bphraim and Rachel, of Edg- 
 mont. They had one daughter, Elizabeth, who married 
 John Wilson, of East Marlborough, in the year 1741, 10th 
 mo. 24th. Their descendants are numerous, and have in- 
 termarried with the Thompsons, Phillipses, Barnards, 
 Hilleses, Puseys, etc. 
 
 Sarah Swayne, daughter of Francis (1) and Elizabeth, 
 born in England, came to America in 1710 with the family, 
 married, 8, 5, 1722, Robert Lamborn, son-of Josiah and 
 Ann, of Berkshire, England. They settled about half a 
 mile west of where Londongrove meeting-house now stands. 
 It is related of Robert that he and young Francis Swayne 
 were devotedly attached to each other in England, and that 
 when the Swaynes came to America, Robert, not being able 
 to content himself without his friend, determined to follow 
 him. His father endeavored to dissuade him at first, but, 
 seeing he was determined, paid his passage to America. 
 He landed at Philadelphia, not knowing where the Swaynes 
 
734 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 lived, but while walking along the streets, unresolved yet 
 what to do to find them, he espied old Francis Swayne ; 
 following him at a distance, he at last saw him enter a 
 house, and, not daring to follow him in, remained at the 
 door till the old man came out again, who, on seeing him, 
 exclaimed, good-humoredly, "Why, Bob! what brought 
 thee here ?" Francis knowing that he would have to take 
 care of him, brought him home behind him on horseback, 
 and when within a short distance of his house he left 
 Robert under a tree and proceeded home. He then di- 
 rected his son Francis to go to the place where he had left 
 Robert, not telling him what for, but to go there. He went, 
 and to his surprise there met his friend, whom he had sup- 
 posed was yet in England. That their mutual surprise and 
 
 Erasmus Vanmeter, Mary J. and Ruth A. (both unmar- 
 ried), and Alfred, who died at Harper's Ferry, in the ser- 
 vice of the United States in the Rebellion, of the 6th 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry. Of these. Dr. E. V. 
 Swing was born Feb. 26, 1840, in Upper Pittsgrove town- 
 ship, Salem Co., N. J. He was educated in the common 
 schools of his native county, and afterwards studied the 
 classics and higher mathematics with Rev. R. Hamill Davis, 
 now principal of Lawrenceville (N. J.) Female Seminary. 
 
 He taught school four years in Cumberland County of 
 his native State, and during this time was reading medicine 
 with Drs. S. G. Cattell and C. C. Philips, of that county. 
 He attended lectures in the Medical Department of the 
 University of Pennsylvania, and at the same time was a pri- 
 
 O 
 
 ^'n 
 
 i-'^, oBy^ 
 
 loy was great we cannot doubt. They repaired to the 
 louse, and young Lamborn afterwards married his friend's 
 iister. 
 
 For this sketch of the Swayne family we are indebted to 
 W^illiam Marshall Swayne, of New Garden, who, in addition 
 his genealogical taste, is an artist of no mean rank. His 
 )usts of Gen. Wayne and Dr. William Darlington are 
 joticed elsewhere. 
 
 SWING, De. E. v.— The Swing family came from 
 Liorraine, one of the two provinces captured from Prance 
 )y Germany in the Franco-German war. Samuel Swing 
 vas one of two brothers who emigrated just before the 
 levolutionary war, and settled in Salem and Cumberland 
 ]!ounties, N. J. Samuel had a son, Abraham, whose 
 on, Samuel, married Elizabeth Vanmeter, daughter of 
 Fohn • Vanmeter, a Revolutionary soldier in Washington's 
 ,rmy. From this union were born four children, viz. : 
 
 vate student of Dr. H. Lenox Hodge, of Philadelphia. 
 He graduated at this university in the class of 1867. 
 
 He was married July 25, 1861, by Rev. Dr. Samuel 
 Beach Jones, to Rachel V. Burroughs, born in his native 
 township, and by whom he has had eight children, — two 
 deceased, Oscar V. and Adelia Davis, and six living, — Clara 
 Stratton, R. Hamill Davis, Albert H. Smith, Harry Ral- 
 ston, Samuel Walter, and William Alexander. 
 
 After graduating he located at Compassville, West Cain 
 township (Cain's Post-OflSce, Lancaster Co.), in 1867, 
 where he has since remained in the active and suc- 
 cessful practice of his profession. Educational matters 
 have ever greatly engrossed his attention, and he has re- 
 peatedly been a school director. He is, with his wife, a 
 member of the Presbyterian Church, in which he was 
 educated by his parents, and has often been superintend- 
 ent of Sunday-schools. He is a Republican in politics, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND aENEALOGICAL. 
 
 735 
 
 comes of a family originally Federalist and then Whig. 
 He belongs to the Chester County Medical Society, and was 
 its president for the year 1880. He comes of a sterling 
 stock, some of whose branches were among the earliest 
 settlers in Clermont Co., Ohio, of whom Judge Philip 
 B. Swing is judge of the United States District Court 
 at Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 TALBOT, John, purchased land in Middletown town- 
 ship in 1718, where he' died in 1721, leaving a widow and 
 children, — Joseph, Mary, Benjamin, Elizabeth, Sarah, John, 
 and Hannah. Joseph took the farm when he became of 
 age, and built a mill thereon, now owned by Humphrey 
 Yearsley. His first wife was Hannah Baker, of Thornbury, 
 who left children, — Margaret, Mary, Joseph, Martha, John, 
 Eaehel, Jacob, Elizabeth, Hannah, and Susanna. Of these, 
 Martha married Daniel Broomall, and was the grandmother 
 of John M. Broomall, of Media. Rachel married Francis 
 Townsend, of East Bradford. 
 
 Benjamin Talbot, son of the first John, was married 
 Nov. 11, 1734, by Rev. Richard Backhouse, to Elizabeth 
 Ball, of Darby, and had children, — John, Joseph, Mary, 
 Elizabeth, Benjamin, and William. They removed about 
 or before 1759 to the northwestern part of the county, 
 and among their descendants may be named Caleb P. Tal- 
 bot, father of D. Smith and C. Wesley Talbot, Esqs., of 
 the Chester County bar. 
 
 TAYLOR, Robert, of Little Leigh, in the county of 
 Chester, England, came to Pennsylvania, it is believed, in 
 1682, but his wife, Mary, and children did not arrive until 
 the next year (see page 22). They settled in Springfield 
 township, where Robert died in 1695. His widow, who 
 was perhaps his second wife, and not the mother of all his 
 children, married again in 1701, Joseph Selby. The chil- 
 dren of Robert were Isaac, m. in 1689, to Sarah Broadwell ; 
 Josiah; Mary, m. 1692, to Henry Lewis; Phebe, m. 1692, 
 to Thomas Massey, and in 1710, to Bartholomew Coppock ; 
 Thomas, Jonathan, Jacob, and Martha, m. to John 
 Fincher. 
 
 Isaac resided in Springfield, where he died in 1716, 
 leaving children, — Isaac, John, Joseph, Mary, Benjamin, 
 Sarah, Elizabeth, and Josiah. The youngest son, born 4, 17, 
 1708, married, 3, 14, 1730, Jane, daughter of Alexander 
 and Mary Stewart, of Kennet, and settled in that township. 
 His children were Abraham, John, Rebecca, Sarah, Mary, 
 Caleb, Jehu, Israel, and Jane. Abraham, b. 11, 21, 1731, 
 married Rebecca Way, who became a minister in the Society 
 of Friends, and died 10, 14, 1816. Their children were 
 Jacob, John, Benjamin, Ann, Joshua, and Joseph. John, 
 b. 9, 10, 1762, died 12, 13, 1850, married Ann Bucher, of 
 Lancaster County, by whom he had children,— John, Jo- 
 seph, Joshua, Rebecca, Martin, Abraham, Ann, Sarah, and 
 Fanny. The second son, b. Sept. 8, 1795, m. Oct. 15, 
 1818, Rebecca, daughter of Caleb and Mary (Bower— Ger- 
 man Bauer) Way, born Oct. 13, 1799. They have re- 
 sided in and near Kennet Square except during his term 
 of sheriflFalty, and have had the following children : A 
 daughter, b. June 3, 1820, d. next day ; Alfred, b. May 
 10, 1821, d. Nov. 16, 1823; Mary, b. April 21, 1823, 
 d. March 31, 1824; Bayard, b. Jan. 11, 1825, d. Dec. 19, 
 1878; John Howard, b. Dec. 20, 1826; William W., b. 
 
 Oct. 22, 1829, m. Ellen Hayes; Anne, b. April 13, 1832, 
 m. Charles Carey ; Emma, b. May 13, 1834, m. Charles 
 Lamborn ; Joseph, b. June, 1838, died at the age of four 
 weeks ; Charles Frederick, b. Feb. 6, 1840, killed at Get- 
 tysburg, July 2, 1863. (See p. 137.) 
 
 Dr. Franklin Taylor, born 1, 22, 1818, is the son of 
 Joshua, born 7, 4, 1771 , and Ann (Buffington), and grand- 
 son of Abraham and Rebecca, already mentioned. 
 
 Maris Taylor, of West Marlborough, b. 4,27, 1779, was 
 the son of George, the son of Joseph, b. 11, 11, 1694 
 (brother of Josiah, first mentioned), who married, 10, 29, 
 1722, Mary Maris. 
 
 Batard Taylor. — It can only be attempted in this 
 sketch to give an outline of the life of this versatile and 
 gifted man, — who was novelist, poet, orator, and traveler. 
 His ancestry were of the best Saxon blood of Germany and 
 England, and in the American lineage he was from Quaker 
 stock. Born at Kennet Square, in this county, Jan. 11, 
 1825, his boyhood was passed in that vicinage. The house 
 in which he was born and passed his infancy — a stone-and- 
 mortar structure — was destroyed by fire in 1876. When 
 he was about three years old his father moved upon a 
 farm about a mile from the " Square" ; there he spent the 
 opening years of his life. 
 
 After attending for some time the excellent academies at 
 West Chester and Unionville, in the latter of which he 
 was a pupil of Jonathan Gause, the bold youth, with a 
 view of relieving his parents of his support and to furnish 
 means to purchase books, resolved to learn the printer's 
 trade. He accordingly entered the office of the Village 
 Record, then edited by Henry S. Evans. As this is that 
 portion of his life which was wholly spent in Chester 
 County, — the latter half being mostly passed in foreign 
 lands,^the events of his early manhood naturally possess 
 an added interest. 
 
 Young Bayard did not like his apprentice-work; his 
 fingers wearied with the types, and he took to sketching, 
 caricaturing himself and associates in horrid cartoons. His 
 mind also sought relief in odd hours by reading, and in 
 writing fugitive verses. Of this period in his life the 
 Hon. Joseph J. Lewis says, — 
 
 " It was not long after lie came to West Chester, the date I cannot 
 fix, the late Judge Haines, himself a poet of no mean pretensions, 
 called my attention to one of Bayard's pieces. I have no recollection 
 now of its title or its subject, but it was written in flowing verse and 
 showed a remarkable command of poetic language, and such admirable 
 taste in the use of epithets and imagery in one so young, that I con- 
 fessed my surprise and pleasure in finding such excellent promise of 
 a poet ' to the manner born.' What other of bis fugitive pieces found 
 their way into light, prior to May, 1843, I am not informed. But 
 in Graham's Magazine of that month there appeared a poem entitled 
 ' Modern Greece,' by J. B. Taylor, which was the first of his contribu- 
 tions to that periodical. Another, entitled ' The Nameless Bard,' by 
 the same hand, followed in August of the same year; and o third, 
 ' Life,' in the ensuing October number. He afterwards became a con- 
 tributor to the Saturday Evening Post, and to some extent to the 
 United States Gazette ; and he thus attracted the notice of Joseph R. 
 Chandler, its accomplished editor, who was prompt to recognize the 
 merits of his youthful correspondent and to encourage his literary 
 efforts. He also wrote occasionally for the Villac/e Record. 
 
 " In February, 1844, when he had just completed his nineteenth 
 
 year, he sent to the press 'Ximena, and other Poems,' a little volume 
 
 of less than one hundred pages. ' Ximena' is a story of the thirteenth 
 
 ■ century, in verse; and its interest mainly centres on the incidents of 
 
736 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 the celebrated battle of the Sierra Morena, between the soldiers of the 
 Crescent and the Cross. The battle scene is vividly described, and 
 while there are passages that will not bear close criticism, there are 
 others of much lyrical beauty. 
 
 " The little volume was printed by Herman Hooker, in Philadel- 
 phia. Master Taylor was obliged to revise the proof-sheets ; and not 
 being flush of funds, he performed his journeys for that purpose, to 
 and from the city, a distance of twenty-four miles, on foot, making 
 up for lost time in the office by working out of ordinary hours. The 
 edition published was not large. The anticipations of the young au- 
 thor were moderate, and they were more than equaled by the result. 
 The book sold readily, especially among his neighbors in Chester 
 County, and the profits were to him of some moment. The attention, 
 however, which the book attracted to Bayard Taylor himself, and the 
 interest which it excited in his success, was of more importance to 
 him than the profits. He had now served out half his apprentice- 
 ship, and had learned as much in the two years of his service as he 
 could be taught in the whole four years of the term for which he was 
 bound ; and he very reasonably considered that if he could be liber- 
 ated from his engagement with Mr. Evans he might be employed 
 more profitably for himself than in setting type in the office of the 
 Village Records He therefore endeavored to procure a cancellation 
 of his indentures. This he was enabled to accomplish about the be- 
 ginning of the summer of 18i4, and having made all the necessary 
 arrangements, in July of that year, when still six months under 
 twenty, he sailed for Europe."* 
 
 It is said that even before he entered the printing-office 
 there fell into his hands a small book, " The Tourist in 
 Europe," by Geo. P. Putnam, which "told the routes 
 and described the wonders to be seen in a very fascinating 
 way to one like Bayard, whose imagination was already ex- 
 cited to the most enthusiastic pitch." He not only read it 
 with avidity, but " made it a plan of reading, taking it by 
 course," and borrowing other books relating to^foreign travel. 
 Young as he was he made up his mind to visit Europe, 
 and " spoke of his trip to England and Germany with the 
 confidence of one who has his ticket and letter of credit 
 already in his pocket. Yet he was a penniless boy, who 
 had scarcely seen a ship, and who knew but a few phrases 
 outside of his native tongue. His friends laughed at him, 
 laughed incredulously as he spoke of his projected trip.j- 
 After obtaining release from his apprenticeship he went to 
 Philadelphia, and " walked confidently into the office of the 
 Saturday Evening Post." Mr. Patterson, its editor, while 
 having little faith in his success as a correspondent, gave 
 
 * From an address read before the Philosophical Society, Jan. 14, 
 1879. The same authority also gives us this incident of his school- 
 boy days : 
 
 " On one occasion he, in company with several other boys, made a 
 holiday excursion to the Braiidywine battle-ground, and after a tramp 
 of some twenty-odd miles, returned to Unionville. Most of the com- 
 pany were footsore and weary almost to exhaustion. Bayard enjoyed 
 the day's ramble more than some of his companions, and instead of 
 deprecating the curiosity that had led him such a chase and groaning 
 over his fatigue, he wrote a sprightly account of the day's adventure, 
 which was deemed worthy of publication, and appeared in one of the 
 county newspapers. This is the first efibrt at narration of travel and 
 description of natural scenery on his part that I know of, and is of no 
 particular importance, except that it shows the bent of his mind at a 
 very early age. This was in March, 1840, when he was just turned 
 of fifteen. Prior to that date, but how long prior I am not informed, 
 he began to write verses." 
 
 ■f That a "prophet is not without honor save in his own country" is 
 again illustrated in young Taylor's career. When he went to some of 
 his old friends and neighbors for assistance to print his little volume 
 of poems ("Ximena"), so little was their faith in the boy they had 
 known from birth that they told him they could not encourage him in 
 a scheme so absurd and impracticable. — ConweU's Life of Bayard 
 Taylor, 
 
 him some encouragement. Then, with lighter heart, he 
 called on Joseph R. Chandler, editor of the United States 
 Gazette, who showed such confidence in his final triumph 
 as to give him fifty dollars, remarking that " if he sent any 
 letters of sufficient interest they would be inserted in the 
 Gazette." To this gift Mr. Patterson added fifty dollars, 
 and George R. Graham paid him for some manuscript 
 poems. " He now had |140 with which to begin his 
 journey to the Old World. Proud day was it for him when 
 he returned with the money to his home.'' He next pro- 
 cured his passport, bade his farewells, and embarked on the 
 " Oxford" upon his first European tour. 
 
 " What Mr. Taylor saw in Europe during his tour, which 
 was mainly pedestrian, and what were his experiences 
 during its course, are related in his ' Views Afoot, or Eu- 
 rope seen with Knapsack and Stafi',' published in 1846, on 
 his return. Few boys, if any, have ever visited foreign 
 countries to better purpose, and none have ever given so 
 entertaining and graphic an account of their travels. There 
 is an admirable freshness in his style, a vividness in his 
 description of scenery, a certain felicity of expression, a 
 kindly treatment of peculiarities of men and manners, and 
 a pleasant vein of humor breaking out now and then in his 
 narration, that makes this book attractive not merely to 
 common readers, but to the intelligent and cultured. It is 
 still, after a lapse of thirty-two years since it came from the 
 press, a favorite with the public." 
 
 Mr. Taylor had now completed his twenty-first year, and 
 having published his " Views Afoot," was in a condition 
 for some new enterprise, which developed in the establish- 
 ing of a weekly newspaper at Phoenixville, in connection 
 with Frederick E. Foster. In 1847, Mr. Taylor withdrew 
 from the enterprise, and soon after took an editorial posi- 
 tion on the New York Tribune. 
 
 His subsequent career, devoted mainly to travel and to 
 letters, and as the honored representative of his govern- 
 ment as Secretary of Legation at St. Petersburg and Min- 
 ister to Germany, is too well known, not only in Chester 
 County, but throughout the land, to require any mention 
 here. The grief at his death, the homage of the great men 
 of the Old World, the letters from noted American literati, 
 and the tributes from his neighbors at Kennet Square, — all 
 attest his greatness, his successful life-work. 
 
 He died in Berlin, Prussia, on Deo. 19, 1878. His re- 
 mains were brought to this country, and on March 15, 
 1879, consigned to their last resting-place in Longwood 
 Cemetery, East Marlborough township. 
 
 At the age of twenty-five he married (Oct. 24, 1850) 
 one to whom he had long been tenderly attached, — Miss 
 Mary S. Agnew. She died of consumption on the 20th of 
 December of the same year. In October, 1857, he mar- 
 ried Marie Hansen, of Gotha, daughter of an eminent Ger- 
 man astronomer. Upon his return home, soon after, he 
 brought to Kennet Square his wife and young child, Lilian, 
 who now survive him. 
 
 " Adjoining the farm of his father in Kennet was a tract 
 of land which struck the fancy of Bayard while yet a boy 
 as a fine situation for a gentleman's mansion, and having 
 superior capabilities of improvement. He determined that 
 if possible he would some day be the owner of it. It 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 ■737 
 
 chanced that while in Europe, some few years prior to his 
 marriage, he learned that the coveted tract was in the 
 market. He immediately wrote home requesting that it 
 should be purchased for him. This request was complied 
 with. He called the place " Cedarooft," and built upon it 
 a commodious and handsome residence, and lavished on the 
 grounds around large expense in their adornment." 
 
 David S. Taylor. — William G. Taylor, son of Eiisha 
 Taylor, married Sarah Ann Stitelor, I'rom which marriage 
 were born five sons and three daughters. Of these chil- 
 dren, David Stiteler Taylor was born Nov. 1, 1832, in Upper 
 Uwchlan township, where his father and grandfather lived. 
 Passed his days on the farm till he was fifteen years of 
 age, and when about nineteen began clerking for Samuel 
 Kreamer in a general store at Phoeuixville. Here he con- 
 
 and a zealous contributor to its support. He belongs to 
 Spring City Lodge, No. 553, A. Y. M. He was married 
 Jan. 19, 1861, to Mary Ann, daughter of Jesse and 
 Hannah Finkbiner, by whom he had the following chil- 
 dren : Hannah, Margaret, Bertha Alice, Mary Laura, Jesse 
 P. (deceased), Ada Grace, John Krause (deceased), and 
 David Sechler (deceased). His wife died March 19, 1873, 
 and he was the second time married, Peb. 22, 1877, to Re- 
 becca B., daughter of Michael and Rebecca Towers. Has 
 been active in politics, and is a stanch Republican. He 
 was a director in the Springville Building and Loan Asso- 
 ciation until its dissolution, and was two terms treasurer of 
 the association in the war to clear the township from drafts. 
 His mother was a daughter of David Stiteler, a well-known 
 citizan of Upper Uwchlan, and qf an old family. 
 
 tinned three years, then went to Pottstown, where he 
 remained nearly three years, clerking in a store for 01m- 
 stcad Wells. In 1857 he came to Springville (now Spring 
 City), and kept store one year, where Shantz & Keeley's 
 foundry now is, in partnership with his brother, under firm- 
 name of S. & D. Taylor. He removed to his present place 
 of business in 1858, under the firm-name of Wells & Taylor, 
 and since then has been at the same place continuously, but 
 under different firm-names, until 1864, and since that year 
 by himself alone. About 1865 he was appointed post- 
 master by President Lincoln's administration, and has ever 
 since held that office, with the exception of a brief inter- 
 regnum during President Johnson's time. He has served 
 as school director. He is a member of the Baptist Church, 
 93 
 
 Abiah Taylor, of Didcott, in Berkshire, England, 
 had two sons, Abiah and Joseph, who came to Chester 
 County. Abiah, Jr., was married, 2, 18, 1694, at Faring- 
 don Meeting, to Deborah, daughter of John Gearing, of 
 Stanford-in-the-Vale, in Berkshire. About the year 1702 
 they settled in East Bradford, where Abiah died about 
 1747. He built a house in 1724 (see p. 164), and a mill 
 at an earlier date. His children were Ann, m. 10 (Dec), 
 7,1715, to Richard Barnard; Abiah, died unmarried; 
 Alice, m. 11, 27, 1730, to Daniel Hoopes; Deborah, m. 
 2, 29' 1731, to Jonathan Parke ; Samuel, m. 11, 12, 1737, 
 to Mary Smedley, daughter of Thomas and Sarah, of Wil- 
 listown, who left one son, Abiah. Samuel married again, 
 10, 16, 1741, Deborah, daughter of Abraham and Eliz- 
 
738 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTEK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 abeth Darlington, of Birmingham, by whom he had chil- 
 dren, — Samuel, Deborah, Abraham, John, Isaac, Mary, 
 Elizabeth, and Bachel. 
 
 Abiah Taylor, the eldest son, m. 5, 6, 1762, Ann Trim- 
 ble, and in 1768 built a substantial stone house to the 
 northeast of his father's, where were born the most of his 
 children. These were Mary, Samuel, Sarah, Ann, Abiah, 
 Deborah, George, and James. The father died at Lancas- 
 ter, a member of Assembly, and was buried, 12, 5, 1801, 
 at Bradford Meeting, being the first person buried there 
 with a cover of strong plank placed over the coffin. 
 
 Joseph Tayloe, son of Abiah, of Didcott, in Berk- 
 shire, bound himself to a carpenter for seven years from 
 the 1st of May, 1699, but was married March 16, 1700, 
 to Elizabeth Haines, of Harwell, in the same county. 
 They came to Pennsylvania in 1708, and in 1711 purchased 
 705 acres of land on the west side of Brandywine, at and 
 below the Forks. In 1724 he bought 103 acres adjoining, 
 on Pocopson Creek, where he built a mill, and there died, 
 3, 30, 1744. His wife, Elizabeth, died 6, 21, 1743. Their 
 children were as follows: 1. Joseph, b. 10, 7, 1701 ; d. 6, 
 2, 1740 ; m. Catharine Baxter, a widow. He was a wheel- 
 wright and blacksmith. 2. Bichard, b. 11, 26, 1702; d. 
 
 9, 2, 1744 ; m. Eleanor . She married a second hus- 
 band, Thomas Huston, and d. 3, 1, 1793. 3. Jeremiah, 
 b. 8, 27, 1704; d. 1732 ; married Mary , who after- 
 wards married Smart. 4. John, b. 12, 27, 1705, 
 
 probably died young. 5. Hannah, b. 7, 7, 1708 ; m. Wil- 
 liam Temple. 6. Benjamin, b. 1, 27, 1710 ; d. 7, 1, 1775 ; 
 m. 5, 5, 1733, Sarah, daughter of William Nookes. She 
 died 8, 20, 1789. Benjamin inherited the mill and home- 
 stead. 7. Sarah, b. 12, 1, 1711 ; d. 1775 ; m. John Jones. 
 
 The children of Benjamin and Sarah Taylor were: 1. 
 Isaac,b. 11, 10, 1734-5; d. 1,16,1813; m. 11,13,1755, 
 to Hannah, daughter of Anthony Arnold, of East Brad- 
 ford, and resided where his grandson, Samuel Taylor, now 
 lives, in Pocopson township. He took an active part in 
 public affairs at the time of the Kevolution, and was after- 
 wards known as Col. Isaac Taylor. 2. Benjamin, b. 4, 11 , 
 1737 ; d. 10, 18, 1781 ; m. 11, 1, 1758, Rebecca, daughter 
 of William and Elizabeth (Hoopes) Webb, of Kennet, b. 
 5, 25, 1741 ; d. 7, 22, 1775. He married again, 12, 3, 
 1777, Ann Parke, of East Cain, widow of Bobert, and 
 daughter of George and Ann Edge, b, 12, 26, 1748. Ben- 
 jamin resided in Pennsbury until his second marriage, when 
 he removed to Cain, and died there. His widow married 
 a third husband, William Trimble. 3. Elizabeth, m. 1757, 
 to Emmor Jefferis, of East Bradford. 4. Hannah, m. 5, 
 
 10, 1764, to Samuel, son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Black- 
 burn) Morton, of Londongrove. 5. Ann, b. 10, 17, 
 1749 ; d. 2, 26, 1803 ; m. Joseph Cope, of East Bradford. 
 
 Benjamin Taylor, Jr., had children by his first wife, — 
 Joiseph, Benjamin, William, Elizabeth, Sarah, and Benja- 
 min (2) ; by his second wife, — Ann, Edge, and Sarah. 
 Joseph, the eldest son, born 12, 27, 1760, died 8, 16, 1826, 
 married, 9, 27, 1787, Mary, widow of William Levis, and 
 daughter of Benaniel and Alice Lownes, of Springfield. 
 She was born 3, 25, 1761, and died 7, 19, 1846. Joseph 
 Taylor removed from the old homestead on Pocopson Creek 
 to West Goshen, about a mile north of West Chester, 
 
 where his grandson, Jesse J. Taylor, now resides. His 
 children were,— 1. Sarah, b. 9, 3, 1788, d. 1, 30, 1865, m. 
 Israel Jackson ; 2. Lownes, b. 2, 17, 1791, d. 7, 28, 1833 ; 
 3. Joseph L., b. 3, 5, 1795, m. Phebe James, daughter of 
 Jesse and Elizabeth, of Westtown, b. 9, 27, 1795, d. 3, 31, 
 1864. Joseph is still living and makes his home with his 
 children. 4. Rebecca, b. 10, 18, 1798, d. 9, 25, 1872, m. 
 William Jackson, of Londongrove. 
 
 Lownes Taylor married, 9, 14, 1820, Rachel, daughter 
 of Richard and Rebecca Baker, of (now) Pocopson, born 
 6, 26, 1799, and still living. Their children were Richard 
 B., Rebecca W., Benjamin, Joseph G., Edward, and Bolton. 
 Of these, Richard B., born 9, 19, 1821, resides at the home- 
 stead of his parents, a view of which is given. 
 
 Jesse J. Taylor, son of Joseph, b. 7, 28, 1829, occupies 
 the homestead of his father and grandfather, immediately 
 west of Richard B. Taylor's, it being the house erected by 
 John Hoopes about 1732. 
 
 John Taylor, who is supposed to have come from 
 Wiltshire, was a resident on Tinicum Island in 1684, as a 
 lessee under Christopher Taylor. The name of his wife 
 was Hannah, and their children, Elizabeth, Isaac, and 
 Jacob. He was deceased in 1688. His daughter Eliza- 
 beth was married, 1, 1, 1686, to Hugh Durborow, who, 
 with the rest of her family, removed to Thornbury. Jacob 
 Taylor acquired a good education, and was engaged in 
 teaching school in 1701, when, owing to the death of the 
 surveyor-general, he was called to take charge of that office, 
 and about 1706 was commissioned surveyor-general. He 
 was succeeded by Benjamin Eastburn in 1733, and retired 
 to live with his nephew, John Taylor, in Thornbury, where 
 he died March 2, 1745-6. For several years he prepared 
 the necessaiy calculations for an almanac, together with 
 verses of his own composition and other matter, which 
 were published by Isaiah Warner, William Bradford, and 
 perhaps others. 
 
 Isaac Taylor, the brother of Jacob, resided in Thorn- 
 bury, and was deputy surveyor for Chester County from 
 1701 until his death in 1728. He married, in 1694, 
 Martha, daughter of Philip Roman, and had children, — 
 John, Jacob, Philip, Ann, and Mary. Ann married 
 Samuel Savage, of Coventry, an ironmaster. Jacob mar- 
 ried, 8, 13, 1728, Grace Worrilow, and had several chil- 
 dren. 
 
 John Taylor, son of Isaac, was a physician, as was 
 his father, and also a surveyor, both under the latter and 
 as his successor until 1740. After this he engaged in the 
 iron manufacture, and erected Sarum Forge, at the present 
 Glen Mills Station, on Chester Creek. He died in 1756, 
 leaving children, — Martha, Isaac, John, Philip, Jacob, and 
 Mary. His son John married Sarah, daughter of John 
 Worrall, of Edgmont, and left three children, — Mary, m. 
 to Persifor Frazer; Isaac, m. to Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Joseph Townsend; and Sarah, m. to James Thompson. 
 Martha Thompson, daughter of the last, married Isaac 
 Huddleson, and was the mother of Dr. John T. Huddle- 
 son, now residing near Glen Mills. 
 
 Thomas Taylor, with his wife, Frances, resided in 
 Worthenby, in Flintshire, and purchased land in Pennsyl- 
 vania, but whether Thomas emigrated before his death 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 739 
 
 which happened ia 1682, is not certain. At all events, 
 early in 1684 his widow, Frances, was here, and became 
 the wife of John Worrall. Thomas Taylor had two sons, 
 — Thomas and Philip. Philip married Ann, the daughter 
 of Thomas and Mary Conway, in 1705, and settled in Thorn- 
 bury. He died in 1732. 
 
 His children were John, d. 1764, m. 9, 27, 1729, Phebe, 
 daughter of John Townsend, from Long Island ; Stephen, 
 probably unmarried; Philip, d. 1762, m. 8, 27, 1736, 
 Mary Gilpin, of Birmingham ; Phebe, m. 9, 13, 1734, to 
 Robert Mendenhall. 
 
 Philip (2) had ten children, — Philip, Stephen, Hannah, 
 John, Ann, Phebe, Lydia, Mary, Ruth, and Rachel. Of 
 these, John married Dinah Baily, and had fourteen children, 
 whose descendants are numbered by thousands. 
 
 John and Phebe (Townsend) Taylor had one son, Thomas, 
 born 5, 15, 1732, died 3, 24, 1782, buried in his own field 
 in Westtown, where a family graveyard has been kept up. 
 He married Martha Woodward, 4, 26, 1753, and left chil- 
 dren, — Philip, Titus, Thomas, Caleb, Phebe, Mary, and 
 John. Titus Taylor, b. 12, 14, 1757, was sheriff, 1807-10, 
 and captain of a company of militia in the war of 1812-14. 
 He married, April 10, 1779, Rebecca Hunt, of Westtown, 
 and had children, — William, Anthony, Martha, Ann, Phebe, 
 Rebecca, Thomas, Sarah, and Joseph H. 
 
 John Taylor, of Willistown, said to have come from 
 Ireland, by Elizabeth, his wife, had the following children : 
 Mary,b. Sept. 15, 1768, d. March 10, 1814, m. William 
 Siter; Elizabeth, b. Sept. 8, 1770, d. Dec. 10, 1853, m. 
 Abraham King ; John, b. July 26, 1775, d. June 10, 1820 ; 
 Ann, b. Sept. 14, 1777, d. Feb. 12, 1863, m. John Siter; 
 Jane, b. March 14, 1780, d. Sept. 26, 1873, m. Amos 
 Worthington ; Sarah, b. Feb. 9, 1783, d. Dec. 22, 1865, 
 m. Edward Siter ; David, b. Sept. 12, 1784, d. Sept. 12, 
 1795. 
 
 The father, in his will, dated April 9, 1810, styles him- 
 self of Goshen. 
 
 John Taylor, Jr., studied law under Joseph Hemphill, 
 Esq., and was admitted to the bar in May, 1799. In 1804 
 he went to the Territory, now State, of Mississippi, and 
 for many years pursued his profession with assiduity and 
 success. A few years before his death he was appointed 
 chief judge of the Superior Court of the State, and held 
 the office at the time of his death. 
 
 TEMPLE, William, came from England in 1714, and 
 married, 1, 18, 1725, Hannah, daughter of Joseph and 
 Elizabeth Taylor, born 7, 7, 1708, died 1, 5, 1768. He 
 settled in Kennet, now Pennsbury, near his father-in-law, 
 and died about 1775. Their children were Thomas, b. 
 10 iO, 1725, m. Jane Brinton ; Hannah, b. 9, 14, 1727, 
 m.'lsaac Miller; Susanna, b. 9, 8, 1730, m. William Seal; 
 William, b. 2, 3, 1733; Elizabeth, b. 1, 27, 1735, m. Ben- 
 jamin Hutton ; Lydia, b. 5, 2, 1737, m. Caleb Seal ; Sarah, 
 b 12, 25, 1740-1, m. John Pyle; Alice, b. 9, 17, 1743, 
 m. Benjamin Jones; Benjamin, b. 12, 3, 1745-6, m. Han- 
 nah Jones. 
 
 Thomas Temple was a justice of the peace and a mem- 
 ber of Assembly, a good penman, and useful citizen. His 
 children were Joseph, William, Thomas, Mary, Samuel, 
 Caleb, Edward B., and Jane. He died 6, 21, 1808, and 
 
 his wife, the daughter of Joseph and Mary Brinton, died 
 4, 27, 1799. 
 
 THOMAS, Peter, of "Springtown," and Sarah Sted- 
 man, of the same place, were married, 2, 15, 1686, at John 
 Simcock's house in Ridley, and afterwards settled in Willis- 
 town, where Peter died 4, 5, 1722. Their children, so far 
 as known, were Lydia, m. in 1710 to John Pyle; Peter, 
 m. in 1711 to Elizabeth Goodwin ; Jacob, m. 9, 6, 1717, 
 to Elizabeth Richards; and Joseph, m. 1718, to Jemima 
 David. 
 
 The children of Peter and Elizabeth Thomas, of Willis- 
 town, were Jacob, b. 11, 12, 1711, d. 12, 11, 1789, m. 
 Katharine Jones and Rebecca Walker ; Sarah, b. 7, 2, 
 1713, m. Christian Vore 1, 2, 1736-7 ; Peter, b. 9, 19, 
 1715, m. Margaret Taylor, 2, 14, 1742; John, b. 8, 7, 
 1817, m. Rebecca Jones, 2, 30, 1747 ; Thomas, b. 8, 13, 
 1719, d. 11, 14, 1719; Isaac, b. 4, 21, 1721; Elizabeth, 
 b. 1, 11, 1723, m. William Lewis, 8, 9, 1747; Mary, b. 9, 
 23, 1724, m. Samuel Deaves, 9, 14, 1744 ; Rachel, b. 8, 
 13, 1726 ; James, b. 10, 29, 1727 ; Lydia, b. 6, 15, 1730. 
 Jacob and Katharine Thomas were the parents of Abel 
 Thomas, a noted minister among Friends, and resided at 
 the time of his birth, 5, 6, 1737, in Merion. Afterwards 
 Jacob and his second wife removed to Coventry, Chester 
 Co. Abel resided for a time in New Jersey, where he 
 married his first wife, Margaret Younger, in 1762. She 
 died 4, 16, 1775, and he married again, 5, 15, 1777, at 
 Exeter Meeting, Ellen Roberts, daughter of Robert and 
 Rachel Roberts, of Uwchlan. About the year 1802 he re- 
 moved to Menallen, Adams Co., where he died 3, 21, 1816. 
 Isaac Thomas, son of Peter and Elizabeth, married, 3, 
 16, 1745, Mary Townsend, daughter of John, of West- 
 town, and had eleven children,— Phebe, Enos, Nathan, 
 Hannah, Isaac, Mary, Jonathan, Townsend, Thomas, Mar- 
 tha, and Mordecai. The last named was born 7, 21, 1767, 
 and married, 10, 20, 1796, Lydia, daughter of Ezra and 
 Ann Hoopes, of Westtown, to whom were born Isaac, Ezra, 
 Emmor, George, Jesse, Hoopes, Mary Ann, Lydia, Eliza, 
 and Mordecai H. The following sketch of the eldest of 
 these is taken from a memoir prepared by Dr. Jacob Price: 
 Dr. Isaac Thomas was bom Sept. 16, 1797, in Willis- 
 town township. His parents, Mordecai and Lydia (Hoopes) 
 Thomas, were members of the Society of Friends. Under 
 the influence of this society he received his religious train- 
 ing and principles, with which he became so thoroughly 
 imlaued that they remained the governing ones of his life, 
 although in 1824, by his marriage with a lady not a mem- 
 ber, he lost his right in that society. His father was an 
 industrious farmer, and Isaac, being the eldest of the chil- 
 dren, necessarily took a leading part in the labor of the 
 farm, and had until near manhood no facilities beyond 
 those afforded by the common schools of the neighborhood. 
 His nineteenth year he spent at the noted school of Joshua 
 Hoopes, in Merion, Montgomery Co., where he made ex- 
 cellent progress in mathematics and in natural science. 
 He afterwards attended a course in the West Chester 
 Academy, studying, in addition to the usual English 
 branches, Latin and French. At the age of twenty he 
 began the study of medicine in the office of Prof. Chapman, 
 of^the University of Pennsylvania, where, April 6, 1820, 
 
740 
 
 HISTOEY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 he graduated with the degree of M.D., his thesis prepared 
 for that occasion being entitled " Phlegmasia Dolens." 
 About the first of May in same year he began practice in 
 Delaware County, where he remained four months, when 
 he removed to West Chester, with whose interests he was 
 identified nearly sixty years. On Jan. 26, 1826, he was 
 one of the noble band that organized " The Chester County 
 Cabinet of Natural Science," of which he was a most active 
 and useful member until its dissolution in 1850. In 1835 
 and 1837 he gave before it lectures on anatomy and physi- 
 ology, which were largely attended and appreciated by cul- 
 tured audiences. 
 
 In 1833 the doctor was elected a director of the Bank of 
 Chester County, which position he held for forty years, ex- 
 cept during the brief periods which the law requires the 
 place to be vacated. In 1838 he was elected a member of 
 the town council, serving for a period of nine years, during 
 which time water was introduced into the borough, in 
 which improvement he took a leading part. In 1843 he 
 was chosen a director of the West Chester Railroad, and 
 continued therein for many years with acceptance to its and 
 the public interest. In 1861 he was chosen a trustee of 
 the West Chester Academy, which place he held until it 
 was merged, in 1871, into the State Normal School. He 
 was married March 3, 1824, to Ann Charlton Miner, eldest 
 daughter of Hon. Charles Miner, then editor of the Vil- 
 lage Record, and also a member of Congress from this dis- 
 trict. In March, 1832, she died, leaving two daughters. 
 In 1835 he married Mary H. Brinton, second daughter of 
 George Brinton, Sr., of West Chester, who survived him 
 only one week, leaving a son and two daughters. Dr. 
 Thomas, in locating in West Chester for practice, placed 
 himself in competition with physicians of more than ordi- 
 nary skill and culture, whose esteem and confidence he soon 
 gained, and he acquired a leading practice in the borough 
 and surrounding country. The many strong points of his 
 character made him a marked man, and profoundly im- 
 pressed with the sacredness of human life and health, he 
 passed no case, however humble, carelessly, but rather 
 sought conscientiously to bring to bear for the relief of all 
 who sought his counsel, the poor and rich alike, the best 
 skill that careful study and examination could develop. He 
 was one of the fifteen physicians who, on Feb. 5, 1828, or- 
 ganized the Chester County Medical Society, — the first 
 county society established in Pennsylvania, and from it 
 sprang the State society about twenty years later, of 
 which, too, he was a member, and once its vice-president. 
 In 1858, Dr. Thomas, feeling the time had come to relin- 
 quish the cares and anxieties of his honored and extended 
 practice, and realizing the impossibility of severing his rela- 
 tions with his patients without leaving home, visited Europe 
 in company with his son. They traveled through Great 
 Britain, France, Germany, and Switzerland, and returned 
 in the fall of the same year. He never after visited patients 
 except in consultation with other physicians. He died 
 May 16, 1879, at the ripe age of eighty-one years and 
 eight months, and the impress of his good and useful life 
 will long be felt in the community where he was univer- 
 sally esteemed for his professional skill and noble qualities 
 of heart. 
 
 Richard ap Thomas, of Whitford Game, in the county 
 of Flint, in Wales, Gent., was a purchaser of 5000 
 acres of land from William Penn, by deeds of lease and 
 release, dated July 24 and 25, 1681.* For this he 
 paid £100. Tradition says that while he inclined towards 
 or joined with Friends, his wife adhered to the established 
 church, and for this reason was unwilling to accompany 
 him to Pennsylvania. Leaving his wife and daughter be- 
 hind him, he brought his son Richard,atid reached Phila- 
 delphia in the year 1683. He was probably taken sick 
 soon after his arrival, as his will is dated 9th mo. 18, 1683, 
 in which he styles himself as " late of Whitford Garden, 
 in Flintshire, and now being arrived in the province of 
 Pennsylvania." He devised his land here to his son Rich- 
 ard ap Thomas, and appointed his friend. Dr. Thomas 
 Wynne, executor and guardian. To his wife and daughter 
 he devised the personal estate left with the former in Wales. 
 Although he died soon after this, the will was not registered 
 until Jan. 15, 1695-6, by which time the son became of 
 age. Meanwhile a controversy having arisen concerning 
 an estate in Flintshire belonging to the son, and doubts 
 expressed of his being alive, depositions were taken May 
 12, 1693, to the following efi'ect: Thomas Oldman, of 
 Lewis, in Sussex County, on Delaware, declared that 
 
 "About nine years sinoe (he) was att Mosson in Wales, on board 
 y" ship Called je Morning Starr, one Tho. Hayes Commander, & y' 
 bee savY one Richard Thomas together «"> his wife A Keputed Son, 
 Richard Thomas, Com on board y= fora^ shipp, &, sum ours After their 
 Coming on board y« s* shipp ye t,i Richard Thomas, his wife, went on 
 shoar &, would have had her son alonge w"" her but his father would' 
 not Let him goe," and further saith that the said Richard, the son, is 
 now "in good health, & dwelleth with him this deponent." 
 
 Elizabeth Wynne deposes that she knows Richard- 
 Thomas, the reputed son of Richard Thomas, who formerly 
 lived. at a place called Crossforth, in Flintshire, and that 
 he is now living at Lewis, in the county of Sussex, 
 Margery Wynne declares the same before Samuel Preston 
 and Albertus Jacobs, justices. 
 
 Col. Richard Thomas, writing of his ancestors, says, 
 The family of Ap Thomas appears to have been many gen- 
 erations land-holders in Whitford Garden, having a freehold 
 of £300 a year, and of course being within the grade of 
 gentlemen and the game act. Whether the surname was 
 uniformly Thomas, or changed occasionally according to 
 Welsh practice, cannot be ascertained, though by recurrence 
 to books of heraldry it appears that a family of Thomases 
 in that country was ancient. Richard ap Thomas being 
 in years, and grown tired with the dissipation of his com- 
 peers, embraced the tenets of the Quakers and joined in 
 Penn's first migration to Pennsylvania, bringing his only 
 son, Richard, a boy about ten years of age, and a number of 
 dependants. These, after his death, made use of the stock 
 of provisions and perishable articles of their late master, 
 under pretext of supporting the orphan, until all was ex- 
 hausted, and then turned him ofi" to find his sustenance 
 fi'om his landed estate. Thus left forlorn, he selected Dr. 
 Lloyd, Lieutenant-Governor, and some other legal guardians 
 (the guardian and trustee under his father's will bein<>' de- 
 ceased), and was by sales of some rights of land provided 
 
 *■ The lease is dated 1682, which is probably incorrect, as the patents 
 recite the date 16S1. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 741 
 
 for and educated,— studying physic with the doctor, his 
 guardian. Arriving at legal age, he procured letters of ad- 
 ministration in his own name, and located his remaining 
 lands about the year 1695. The lapse of near a dozen years 
 of minority lost him the advantage of locating in the 
 vicinity of the seat of commerce, and he had the necessity 
 of going into the wilderness (as then thought) for good 
 land. He found a tract of about 600 acres in Goshen, now 
 part of the seat of West Chester, but the principal tracts 
 were in the gloomy dale then and since called the Great 
 Valley. 
 
 About the year 1699 he visited his native land in Wales, 
 where he found his only sister reduced to indigence, his 
 mother having intermarried with a man who dissipated all 
 their joint property (willed them by Richard ap Thomas), 
 and his mother then deceased. He brought over his sister, 
 or she followed soon after, who was married to Llewellin 
 Parry, and became the mother of a family, some of whose 
 descendants are still living in Chester County, viz., Nancy 
 Hunter, the wife of Thomas Bull, Esq., and several other 
 sisters, all of whom have issue. Returning again to Penn- 
 sylvania, he married Grace Atherton and settled in the 
 talley at a place called by the Indians (settled on it) Cata- 
 moon-shink, meaning hazelnut grove, now West Whitcland 
 township, a name probably derived from Whitford, the seat 
 of the family in Wales. 
 
 We have seen that Richard, in 1693, was living at Lewis, 
 in Sussex County. In 170-1 he was styled " of Meirion, 
 Carpenter," and in March, 1711, was of Blockley. Of his 
 5000 acres of land, he sold 1786 acres to various persons, 
 unpatented. July 12, 1703, he obtained a patent for two 
 tracts, one of 1065 acres, of which the southwest corner is 
 in the centre of West Chester, and another of 600 acres in 
 Newtown, which was afterwards given up because it inter- 
 fered with other surveys. May 17, 1704, he received an- 
 other patent for 1548| (by resurvey, 1869) acres in White- 
 land, making, with his city lots, his full complement of 
 5000 acres. 
 
 He was married by Friends' ceremony, though not under 
 the oversight of the society, and it is not known that he 
 was then considered in membership, if at any time during 
 his life. His marriage certificate will be of interest to his 
 numerous descendants and others, and is here given : 
 
 "Whereas Richard Thomas of the Township of Whiteland In 
 the County of Chester and Province of Fensilvania, Carpenter, and 
 Grace Atherton, late of Leverpoole In Lancashire In y° king- 
 dome of England, but now Kesident in y® Township of Whiteland 
 afores* Spinster; having publickly declared their Intentions of 
 marige with each other by a publick note Intiinateing the same 
 which was fixed upon a, Publick meeting house one whole month 
 since, subscribed by a magistrate, according as the law In that Case 
 directs before the sulemnizution of their Intended Manage. 
 
 " Now Therefore no obstruction arising nor objection being made 
 against Their proceedings, They y» said Kichard ai.d Grace have ap- 
 pointed The fifteenth day of y^ Eleventh month In the year of our 
 lord 1712-13, and the Eleventh year of her Majesties Reign, Queen 
 Ann, over great Britain, &e., for the Solemnization thereof at the now 
 dwelling house of the s* Richard Thomas In y® great valey, and Town- 
 ship of Whiteland afores^, where a Considerable number of people 
 met for that End & purpose : after some deliberation the said Richard, 
 Takeing the said Grace by the hand did in a solemn maner Declare 
 that In the presence of god and before This assembly he took hia 
 friend Grace Atherton to be his wife, promising through the lords 
 assistance to be a true and Loving husband unto her untill god by 
 
 death should seperate us : and then and there in the said assembly 
 the said Grace did in like maner Solemnly declare that In the pres- 
 ence of god and before this assembly shee Took her friend Richard 
 Thomas to be her husband promising Through the Lord's assistance 
 to be a Loveing and faithfull wife unto him untill god by death shall 
 seperate us. 
 
 "And moreover the said Richard and the said Grace, shee accord- 
 ing To the Custome of women assumeing the name of her husband, 
 as a further Confirmation thereof did then and there to these presents 
 set their hands ; and wee whose names are hereunto subscribed, being 
 among others present at the solemnization of the said marige and 
 subscription in maner aforcsi, as witnesses Thereof have also to these 
 presents set their hands the day and year above written. 
 
 Witnesses 
 John Eaill 
 ThomaB Barnsley 
 Jonas Sandelauds 
 Richard Woodward 
 Bichai-d Anderaon 
 Tho: Edwards 
 David Howell 
 Lewis Williams 
 John David 
 Tho: Mathews 
 
 Witneasea 
 Tho: James 
 Charles Stewart 
 Evan Lewis 
 David Meredith 
 Joseph Oollyn 
 Thomas Smith 
 Rees Prichard 
 Adam Baker 
 Lly welyn Parry 
 Mathew Welsh 
 John Spi-use 
 
 Witnesses 
 Elizabeth Hughes 
 Penelope Howell 
 Margarett Baker 
 Mary Collyns 
 Elizaheth Lewis 
 Catherine Spruse 
 Charles Gatlive 
 
 T" persona maried 
 Bich^ Thomas 
 
 her 
 
 Grace X Thomas 
 mark 
 
 the justices names 
 
 Kichard Webb 
 Henry Nayle." 
 
 Richard ap Thomas, from Wales, died in Philadel- 
 phia, 1683. His wife remained -in Wales and married 
 again. 
 
 Second Generation. — Richard Thomas, born about 1672, 
 died in Whiteland, Chester Co., 1744, where he settled 
 about 1711 ; wife, Grace Atherton, survived him, and both 
 were buried at Malin's graveyard. Mary (?) Thomas mar- 
 ried Llewellyn Parry, who was living in Whiteland, 1712. 
 Richard Thomas, in his will, 1744, mentions his sister Mary, 
 in Wales, and her children. 
 
 Third Generation. — Richard, b. 2, 22, 1713, d. 9, 22, 
 1754, m. 2, 10, 1739, at Goshen Meeting, to Phebe Ash- 
 bridge, daughter of George Ashbridge, then of Chester 
 borough, and Mary, his wife. She was born 8, 26, 1717, 
 and died 6, 14, 1784, married second, William Trimble, 
 9, 15, 1757. Hannah, b. 3, 16, 1715, died young. Han- 
 nah (2), b. 11, 14, 1716-7, m. 9, 10, 1743, at Uwchlan 
 Meeting, to Jumes Mendenhall, of East Cain. They went 
 to North Carolina. Mary, b. 5, 14, 1719, m. 9, 14, 1745, 
 at Uwchlan Meeting, to John Harrison, son of Caleb, of 
 Chester. Settled in Berks County. Grace, b. 7, 9, 1722, 
 m. 4, 1, 1749, to Thomas Stalker, son of Hugh Stalker, of 
 
 East Cain. Elizabeth, b. , m. 4, 28, 1750, at Uwchlan 
 
 Meeting, to Jonathan Howell, of Edgmont. They removed 
 to Carolina. 
 
 Fourth Generation. — Children of Richard and Phebe 
 Thomas: Lydia, b. 12, 4, 1740-1, m. 11, 24, 1762, at 
 Concord Meeting, to John Trimble, of Concord. She died 
 11, — , 1780. Grace, b. 11, 3, 1742, m. 9, 11, 1766, at 
 Uwchlan Meeting, to William Trimble, Jr., of Whiteland. 
 She died 9, 14, 1781. Richard, b. 10, 30, 1744, m. 10, 
 20, 1774, at Uwchlan Meeting, to Thomazine Downing, 
 daughter of Richard and Mary Downing, of East Cain, b. 
 8, 26, 1754, d. 5, 4, 1817. Richard Thomas died in Phil- 
 adelphia, at his daughter, Thomazine Ashbridge's, 1, 19, 
 1832. George, b. 12, 21, 1746-7, d. 8, 17, 1793; m. 
 
 , to Sarah, daughter of John and Jane Roberts, of 
 
 Merion, b. 1, 11, 1750, d. 2, 20, 1840. Hannah, b. 5, 5, 
 1749, d. 5, 2, 1829, m. 5, 14, 1783, at Concord Meeting, 
 to Joseph Trimble, of Concord. 
 
742 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Fifth Generation. — Children of Richard and Thomazine, 
 of West Whiteland : Richard, b. 12, 3, 1775 ; d. 2, 4, 
 1830 ; m. 10, 25, 1799, at Goshen Meeting, to Rebecca 
 Malin, daughter of Joseph and Lydia Malin, of East 
 Whiteland, b. 9, 15, 1779 ; d. 10, 24, 1806. Second mar- 
 riage, to Sarah Thomas, daughter of George and Sarah, b. 
 12, 31, 1786 ; d. 9, 27, 1826. Mary, b. 3, 9, 1778 ; d. 
 5, 15, 1798, unmarried ; buried at the foot of her grand- 
 mother Downing's grave, at Uwchlan. George, b. 3, 21, 
 1780 ; d. 4, 25, 1801 ; buried next north of his sister. 
 Jacob, b. 5, 4, 1782; d. 11, — , 1813; buried the 9th, 
 next north of George ; unmarried. Phebe, b. 6, 8, 1784 ; 
 m. 10, 24, 1804, to Samuel Haines, of East Cain, son of 
 Jacob and Margaret, of Uwchlan, and had children, — Mary, 
 Thomazine, Hannah, Jacob, and others. Thomazine, b. 
 12, 4, 1786 ; m. William Ashbridge, of Philadelphia, and 
 settled for a time at Chester. A son, still-born, 11, 15, 
 1789. Samuel Downing, b. 3, 24, 1793 ; d. 12, 5, 1833 ; 
 m. Mary Templin. William A., b. 4, 5, 1795 ; d. 12, 4, 
 1866; m. Eliza Miller. 
 
 Children of George and Sarah: Jane, b. 2, 18, 1775; 
 m. 8, 19, 1812, at Downingtown Meeting, to Dr. Jonas 
 Preston, of Newtown, Delaware Co. Phebe, b. 10, 11, 
 1776. Hannah, b. 2, 7, 1778 ; d. 2, 28, 1778. Lydia, b. 
 9, 26, 1779; d. 1, 22, 1870, in Philadelphia; buried at 
 Downingtown. John R., b. 8, 29, 1781 ; d. 4, 7, 1856 ; 
 m. 11, 19, 1806, at Downingtown Meeting, to Elizabeth 
 Downing, daughter of Richard and Elizabeth, of East Cain, 
 b. 10, 20, 1783, d. 10, 18, 1810; second marriage, to 
 Martha Newbold, who died 11, 30, 1816. Elizabeth, b. 9, 
 24, 1783 ; died unmarried. George, b. 8, 1, 1785 ; d. 12, 
 31, 1785. Sarah, b. 12, 31, 1786; m. Richard Thomas 
 (5) above. Anna, b. 1, 20, 1789. 
 
 Sixth Generation. — Children of Richard and Rebecca : 
 Richard M., b. 8, 3, 1800 ; d. 8, 5, 1877 ; buried at Down- 
 ingtown ; married Eliza, daughter of Joseph Miller. Lydia 
 A., b. 6, 19, 1803; m. May 5, 1824, to Israel W. Down- 
 ing, who was born 10, 22, 1793, and died 11, 10, 1831 ; 
 second marriage, 11, 22, 1838, to David Townsend, of 
 West Chester, where she still resides, a widow. By second 
 wife, Sarah Thomas: Jane, b. 5, 8, 1813; d. 12, 8, 1875; 
 unmarried. Mary, b. 3, 17, 1815 ; m. Jacob P. Jones, of 
 Philadelphia. Sarah Roberts, b. 5, 9, 1823; m. William 
 M. Bull, Esq. 
 
 Child of John R. and Elizabeth Thomas : George, b. 
 9, 9, 1808; m. Anna Mary Townsend, daughter of John 
 W. and Sibbilla K. Townsend, of West Chester. He re- 
 sides at the homestead of his grandfather, and has three 
 sons, — J. Preston, George, and Charles, — of whom the 
 first and last are married, and live adjoining their father. 
 The eldest son is much interested in improved breeds of 
 stock. 
 
 The Colonial Records of Pennsylvania from 1774 until 
 the close of the Revolutionary war are replete with notices 
 of the active services, both civil and military, of the fourth 
 Richard Thomas, of Chester County. He was a member 
 of the first association in the county formed to carry out 
 the views and effect the purposes of the Continental Con- 
 gress. 
 
 In September, 1775, he was lieutenant-colonel of a 
 
 regiment of volunteers, being the first regiment raised in 
 Chester County. April 19, 1776, he was appointed colonel 
 of the 5th Battalion of Associators, in the county of Ches- 
 ter. The commission, dated that day, is signed " By order 
 of the Assembly, John Morton, Speaker." Col. Thomas 
 was a member of the Provincial Conference or Convention, 
 composed of the county committees, which met June 18, 
 1776. This Conference appointed the Pennsylvania dele- 
 gates who signed the Declaration of Independence; and 
 also adopted measures for organizing six thousand militia, 
 the number assigned to Pennsylvania by Congress as her 
 quota of ten thousand militia, who were directed to form a 
 flying camp for the middle colonies. Col. Richard Thomas 
 commanded the Chester County regiment of this flying 
 camp in a campaign across New Jersey, as far as Amboy, 
 for the protection of Philadelphia. His duties as a militja 
 officer of Chester County, in procuring and distributing 
 arms and munitions of war, were of the most arduous and 
 responsible character. 
 
 In the years 1786 to 1789, inclusive, he was elected a 
 member of Assembly, and in 1790 he was elected to the 
 State Senate. 
 
 In April, 1793, he was appointed a brigadier-general of 
 militia by Governor Mifflin, but declined to accept. 
 
 In the years 1794, '96, and '98 he was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Congresses, being the 
 first representative from his native county under the Con- 
 stitution of the United States. 
 
 After a long, honorable, and most exemplary life, Richard 
 Thomas died Jan. 19, 1832, in the eighty-eighth year of 
 his age, leaving a reputation, as a citizen of the Republic 
 which he aided to establish, of which every Chester County 
 man may well be proud. 
 
 William Thomas was a settler, in Newtown, where he 
 purchased land in 1698, -and upon the transfer of New- 
 town Meeting from Haverford to Chester Monthly Meet- 
 ing he is named as one of the members. In 1707 he made 
 an acknowledgment to the latter meeting for taking off his 
 hat when prayer was made by a Keithite, or Seventh-day 
 Baptist, at a burial. The next year, however, he joined 
 with these Baptists, and was disowned by Friends. A 
 burial-ground was afterwards set apart on his land, where 
 several members of the family were buried. One David 
 Thomas was also settled in Newtown, and was buried in 
 this graveyard in 1734, aged sixty-four years. The line of 
 his ancestry is thus given : David Thomas, son of Thomas 
 Lewis, son of Lewis Philip, son of Philip Rytherach, an 
 old Welshman who came over with his sons and grandsons. 
 David Thomas and Jane, his wife, had children,— Philip, 
 Ezekiel, Mary, Elizabeth, David, Gwin, and Margaret. 
 David, Jr., by Ruth, his wife, had Absalom, Julian (mar- 
 ried to Hazael Thomas), Azariah, Rebekah, Margaret 
 Elizabeth, Samuel or Samuels, Ruth, David, Jane and 
 Uriah. 
 
 William Thomas, first named, had three sons, — Thomas, 
 Philip, and David,— of whom Philip removed to Coventry, 
 and David to Nantmeal. Philip, by Esther, his wife, had six 
 children,_Hazael, Dinah, Mary, Peninah, John, and Morde- 
 cai. Hazael married Julian Thomas, daughter of David 
 and Ruth, and had nine children,— Hazael (married tp 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 743 
 
 Thomazine Hoffman), Absalom, Ruth, Esther, Mary, Elijah, 
 Mordecai, John, and Julian. Of these, Mordecai married 
 Catharine Dunn and removed to Crawford County. They 
 had children, — Julian, Hazael, Philip D., Gideon, Mary, and 
 I. Newton. 
 
 Among the citizens of Willistown whose public life 
 should claim our notice was Col. Philip D. Thomas. He 
 was born in Crawford County, Pa., August, 1807. His 
 parents were Mordecai and Catharine (Dunn) Thomas. 
 They removed to Chester County when Philip was about 
 one year old. 
 
 In 1829 he married Frances Lapp. He was a sub- 
 contractor in building the Columbia Railroad, and subse- 
 quently had charge of a division of the road. He was 
 also for many years superintendent of the West Chester 
 Railroad, and afterwards of the Schuylkill Canal. In 
 1845 he was elected to the Legislature upon the Whig 
 ticket. In 1862 he was selected by Governor Curtin as a 
 staff-ofiBcer, with the rank of colonel. In 1864 he was 
 employed by the Mercantile Oil Company of Philadelphia 
 to look after their interests in Forest County, Pa. He 
 then became identified with the organization of that new 
 county and the erection of the county buildings. In 1875 
 he was chosen to represent that district in the senate. He 
 died February, 1878, at the residence of his son-in-law. 
 Dr. Jacob Price, West Chester. 
 
 THROPP, Isaiah, born at Wednesbury, a suburb of 
 Birmingham, England, July 6, 1794, was the son of John 
 Thropp and Sarah, sister of Sir William Wood. At the 
 age of twenty-one Mr. Thropp, preferring a republic, came 
 to America and settled in South Carolina, but the institu- 
 tions of this State conflicting with his ideas of justice and 
 humanity, he determined to remove to New England. On 
 his way northward he stopped in Philadelphia, and whilst 
 there received an invitation from his friend, Mr. Brooke 
 Evans, to visit him at Valley Forge. The evening of his 
 arrival a party was given at " Wayside," the beautiful home 
 Mr. Thropp afterwards bought, and there he beheld first 
 Miss Anna Virginia Workizer, the charming young lady 
 who was to become his bride. He sought and obtained an 
 introduction, and, after a short courtship, married her. He 
 then entered the mercantile business in a store belongmg to 
 his father-in-law at Valley Forge, which he purchased, and 
 continued for fifty years in the one building. Dunng the 
 whole of that time he was honored and respected by all 
 who knew him for his fair dealing, sincerity, and his great 
 conscientiousness. 
 
 Mr and Mrs. Thropp were the parents of ten children. 
 This is no ordinary family. Some of the, children are sin- 
 gularly handsome, most of them are talented. 
 
 The oldest son, John W., injured his health whilst at 
 college by excessive study. He was proficient in mathe- 
 matics and botany. He died in early manhood 
 
 The second son, Isaiah Thropp, Jr., served his country, 
 as one of the courageous Pennsylvania Reserves, in the war 
 for the Union three years, part of which time he was de- 
 tailed for special service on the staff of Gen. McCall. He 
 was a brave soldier. , 
 
 Mary E., the oldest daughter, commenced her career early 
 as a writer. She wrote fugitive pieces in prose and verse 
 
 for the New York KnicJeerbocJeer, Graham's Magazine, 
 Godey's Lady Booh, and the weekly journals. Being 
 modest, Miss Thropp's articles appeared oftener without than 
 with her signature. Joseph R. Chandler, of the United 
 States Gazette, was the first to publish her name over her 
 productions, which he did without her permission. 
 
 In April, 1865, Miss Thropp went from Philadelphia, as 
 one of a committee of four ladies, with surplus hospital 
 stores to the sick and wounded soldiers at Richmond. 
 This committee was taken by a small government steamer, 
 and were the first ladies from the North to enter Richmond 
 after the blockade. From Miss Thropp's letter, published 
 in the Philadelphia Inquirer at that time, we take the 
 following : 
 
 "On the nth we arrived safely with our stores in Washington. 
 We could not get passports immediately, but were not sorry to be 
 detained another day, as we had the pleasure of seeing the public 
 buildings illuminated for peace in the evening, and of hearing the 
 famous Louisiana speech of our merciful President. 
 
 " The next day saw us furrowing the blue surface of the Chcsa- 
 pealte. The next, winding cautiously between the banks of the 
 James, every inch of which is henceforth historical, avoiding unex- 
 ploded torpedoes, sunken gunboats, dangerous obstructions of every 
 description. On we glided, past Dutch Gap Canal, Aiken's and Har- 
 rison's Landings, Crow's Nest, as the tall observatory built by Gen. 
 Butler is called, past Fort Darling, apparently endless fortifications 
 of the most formidable character, till, at sunset, we reached the seven- 
 hilled city of Richmond. 
 
 " We are indebted to the surgeon of the 148th New York Regiment 
 for a kind reception and comfortable quarters at the North Carolina 
 Hospital for a couple of days, till apartments at the Spottswood Hotel 
 could be prepared for us. 
 
 " Saturday we saw the business part of the beautiful city in ruins, 
 having been fired by the retreating rebels, and in some places the 
 fires were still smouldering. 
 
 " Sunday morning we received the shocking intelligence of the 
 murder of President Lincoln. Murdered the very night we arrived 
 in Richmond on our benevolent, mission sanctioned by him. The 
 man who had called up to an independent existence four millions of 
 slaves assassinated! He who in the fearless discharge of duty 
 traveled during the whole war without any guard, who received 
 every one without announcement, who could have been killed at any 
 moment, but who was protected by Providence for the fulfillment of 
 his divine decrees ! Now the great work of his life was accomplished, 
 and when mankind stretched out its hands to put the laurels of 
 merited glory upon his head, the Most High called him up to Him- 
 self, to receive a higher, holier reward. Men are not able to reward 
 such philanthropists as Lincoln. Only He who was crucified for the 
 benefit of mankind, the Almighty Son of God, can reward such deeds. 
 " On our way to church we called on Mrs. Robert E. Lee to deliver 
 to her the message of a dying rebel soldier, for we made no diBerence 
 between the blue and the gray in the hospitals. We were received 
 by Lee himself,' who had, unknown to us, returned from the Appo- 
 mattox the evening before. He conducted us to his wife's room, Mrs. 
 
 Lee being lame. . „ j 
 
 " Monday afternoon, when through with the day's labor, we strolled 
 past the Jeff Davis mansion, the white columns of which were draped 
 fn mourning for Mr. Lincoln. The sentinel on beat in front asked 
 us if it was really true that the President had been assassinated, and 
 when we confirmed the sad news the tears he conld not control ran 
 
 down his manly face. . . 
 
 "We found our gallant defenders everywhere; here giving out ra- 
 tions to the starving, there guarding desolate homes ; cleansing, im- 
 proving, restoring, the busy benefactors of the city. I was charmed 
 with the conductof our soldiers. Some of the Richmond ladies confessed 
 
 that from false accounts, they had dreaded their coming unutterably, 
 fear ng to be delivered over to the vengeance of an infuriated soldiery, 
 but they had found, to their astonishment, the brave conquerors, 
 even in the flush of victory, kind-hearted, indulgent men. Our noble 
 Blues' God bless them! I aui so glad that the color of our national 
 uniform is that of the unchanging 8ky,-true blue !" 
 
744 
 
 HISTOKY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 In July Miss Thropp was again in Richmond, assistins; 
 Mr. Thurston Chase, of the Union Commission, to establish 
 the first free schools after the war for white children. She 
 writes, — 
 
 " Toa win be glad to learn, my dear father, that our two free schools 
 for ' the poor whites' are doing splendidly. They are kept in the Bap- 
 tist and Methodist churches on Oregon Hill, a part of Biehmond pro- 
 verbially loyal throughout the war, the place where our dear old flag 
 floated last in Richmond. The schools commenced with about thirty 
 pupils each, but the girls' school now numbers a hundred and ten, the 
 boys a hundred and forty, and the cry is ' still they come."* 
 
 Oct. 1, 1868, Mary E. and her youngest sister, Kate R., 
 were married at Valley Forge on the same day, — Miss 
 Thropp to the Hon. Andrew Cone, owner and publisher of 
 the Oil City Times, and Miss Kate to George Porter, Esq., 
 a prominent oil operator, both these gentlemen having been 
 among the early pioneers of Oil City. Mr. Cone enjoyed 
 considerable reputation as a writer, his principal work, en- 
 titled '' Petrolia," being a review of the oil-speculating 
 agitation, and a history of the oil-fields of Pennsylvania. 
 
 In April, 1873, Mr. Cone was appointed a State Commis- 
 sioner to the Vienna World's Exposition by Governor Hart- 
 ranft. Accompanied by his wife, he sailed in the steamship 
 "Pennsylvania," the first of the line from Philadelphia. 
 After fulfilling his official duties, Mr. and Mrs. Cone 
 traveled through Austria, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, 
 France, and Great Britain, Mrs. Cone writing letters mean- 
 while, as the foreign correspondent of the Philadelphia In- 
 quirer and the Oil City Derrick. 
 
 Early in the spring of 1876, Mr. Cone's health failing, it 
 became necessary for him to seek a warmer climate, and of 
 the five consulates ofl^ered by President Grant, he chose that 
 of Para, Brazil, especially, as he had entertained the Bra- 
 zilian emperor. Bom Pedro, during his visit to Oil City. 
 On the Amazon, Mr. Cone discharged his arduous and re- 
 sponsible duties with the same indefatigable fidelity and 
 correctness that marked the performance of his every duty 
 in life. 
 
 In Para, May, 1878, at the request of Judge J. Smith 
 Futhey, chairman of a committee of leading West Chester 
 gentlemen, Mrs. Cone wrote her poem for the centennial 
 celebration at Valley Forge in the leisure intervals of a few 
 days, owing to great distance and the shortness of time 
 allowed. After two and a half years' service at Para, Mr. 
 Cone was promoted by President Hayes to the consulate at 
 Pernambuco, where he remained two years. September, 
 1880, he returned, on his leave of absence, to the United 
 States, after nearly five years of hard service, hoping rest 
 and change would restore his shattered health. In Phila- 
 delphia, Nov. 7, 1880, he entered into rest, his noble, 
 beautiful career in this world ended. An innate gentle- 
 man, he was refined and courteous as he was fearless and 
 liberal. Charitable and forgiving, he ever kept himself in 
 the background, shunning notoriety. Modest as the gen- 
 tlest of women, he possessed unrivaled courage, and the 
 dross of bigotry, envy, meanness, and egotism was not in 
 him, — he was pure gold all through. In the truest spirit 
 he was a Christian. His record at the Department of State 
 is said to be among the best there, and he was already 
 
 * Extract from letter published in The National Repuhlieau, Wash- 
 ington, D.C., July 19, 1865. 
 
 marked for further promotion. Certainly the government 
 had in its service no more devoted or conscientious repre- 
 sentative, and no consular officer has ever been more sin- 
 cerely esteemed at home or abroad. 
 
 The last article from Mrs. Cone's pen is entitled " Home- 
 Sickness," and was written at Pernambuco in July, before 
 Mr. Cone's leave of absence, which was to be for all time, 
 arrived. 
 
 Anna V. Thropp, Jr., the second daughter, is the wife 
 of Lewis S. Wells, attoraey-at-law, formerly of Norristown, 
 Pa. They reside in Washington, D. C. 
 
 Jennie M. was married Feb. 18, 1867, to G. 0. Rogers, 
 Esq., a leading and most estimable merchant of Atlanta', 
 Ga. He died Dec. 6, 1879, but Mrs. Rogers still resides in 
 Atlanta. 
 
 Charles A. Thropp is engaged in the oil-producing busi- 
 ness with his brother-in-law, Mr. George Porter, in the 
 Bradford oil region of Pennsylvania. He is not married, 
 neither is Eldon L., the only one of the family now re- 
 maining at Valley Forge. 
 
 Miss Amelia Thropp, well known in this State as an easy 
 and graceful writer of fiction, lives on Arch Street, Phila- 
 delphia, witli her widowed sister, Mrs. Cone. 
 
 Mrs. Kate Thropp Porter writes poetry, not often but 
 beautifully, — " The Old Home," " Returning," etc., being 
 emanations from her pen. 
 
 Joseph B., the youngest son, of the firm of J. B. Moor- 
 head & Co., Conshohocken, Pa., married Caroline F., a twin 
 daughter of J. B. Moorhead, Esq., April 30, 1873. Mr. 
 Thropp is well known as a young man of high character 
 and qualities. 
 
 The old Thropp mansion at Valley Forge was sold this 
 spring, April, 1881, and now the substantial old homesteads 
 that have witnessed the vicissitudes of the Workizer family 
 for five generations, and which have been in their possession 
 a hundred and twenty-one years, have at last, though all in 
 excellent preservation, passed into the hands of strangers. 
 
 TREVILLER,orTRAVILLA, Katharine, a widow, 
 appears to have arrived in 1699, on the ship " Josiah and 
 Betty," with her children, of whom a daughter of the same 
 name was only two years old. The other children were 
 James, who died in Marlborough, 1720, unmarried ; Henry, 
 who married, in 1720, Mary, daughter of Morgan James, 
 and died in Marlborough, 1726 ; Richard, who took up land 
 on Doe Run in 1715; and Ann, who married Thomas 
 Stockin, of Whiteland, and after his death became the wife 
 of Richard Richison, of that township: 
 
 James purchased, in 1713, 200 acres of the Simcock 
 tract, where the village of Londongrove stands, and de- 
 vised the same to his brother Henry, who purchased land 
 near by, in Londongrove township. Henry's children were 
 Ann, who married Samuel Underwood in 1738 ; Thomas, 
 who married his cousin, Mary James, and was living in 
 Philadelphia in 1770 ; James, who married, at First Pres- 
 byterian church, Philadelphia, Catharine (Pugh), widow of 
 Benjamin Rhoads, in 1745, and removed to York County 
 about 1753, where her daughters by Rhoads married John 
 and William Rankin, Tories in the Revolution. James 
 Travilla returned to this county about 1765 with his chil- 
 dren. 
 
JOHN TODD. 
 The Todd family is of Scotch 
 origin, and tho first of the name 
 k"own in this county was John 
 whose son James married Jennetta 
 Hams and settled in Wallace 
 township. Of their eighteen chil- 
 dren, John Todd was born March, 
 1S12, in Wallace, and died Feb! 
 27, ISre. He was reared on hia 
 father's farm and received but 
 the poor educational advantages of 
 his day. At the age of eighteen 
 he turned his attention to driving 
 and dealing in cattle, paying his 
 father two hundred dollars for his 
 time until his majority. He mar- 
 ried, May 16, 1834, Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Samuel and Sarah 
 (Essick) Pergrin, from which union 
 were born eight children : Sally 
 married to Jesse Rogers; Jen- 
 netta, married first to William H. 
 Krauser, and subsequently to Eraa- 
 tus B. Ives; Mary Ann, married 
 to Benton T. Evans; James H.; 
 Bmaretta, married to Edward 
 Green; John T. ; Clara V., mar- 
 ried to Henry Arons; and Samuel 
 Wiufield. Mr. Todd was actively 
 engaged in varied business enter- 
 prises, embracing, besides his farm- 
 ing and stock, that of merchandis- 
 ing, hotel-keeping, lumber- and 
 
 "SoaUyards, at Byers' Station, Pa. 
 During the War he furnished the 
 government with thousands of 
 horses. His family attended with 
 him the Presbyterian Church, to 
 the support of which he was a 
 liberal contributor. Ho was buried 
 on the farm on which he was born, 
 and at his death owned tlio original 
 Todd tract. He was one of the - 
 managers of the County Agricul- 
 tural Society, and a large stock- 
 holder in the old Chester County 
 Bank. Originally a Whig, he be- 
 came a Republican, and was active 
 in the polities of the day. Byers' 
 Station and village is a part of his 
 estate, which includes, in addition, 
 five farms aggregating seven hun- 
 dred acres. He began life poor, 
 and made his first five dollars on 
 the sale of some chestnuts; but he 
 arose to be one of the leading busi- 
 ness men of his county. He was 
 highly esteemed by his fellow-citi- 
 zens, and contributed largely to the 
 material growth of the northern 
 part of the county, notably in the 
 construction of the Pickering Val- 
 ley Railroad. On his estate, near 
 Byers' Station, are the "Plumbago 
 Works," which he discovered, 
 started, and leased to a company 
 now successfully operating them. 
 
 Res. OF THE lATE JOHN TODD, UppehUwchlm Chester Co. Pa. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 745 
 
 TOWEKS, JIicHAEL, the oldest of four children— two 
 sons and two daughters— of Archibald and Elizabeth Tow- 
 ers, was born Sept. 24, 1800, in Upper Providence town- 
 ship, Montgomery Co., Pa. His father, a miller by trade 
 was a nephew of Capt. Robert Towers, the founder of the 
 first factory built at Manayunk, Philadelphia Co., Pa., and 
 chief commissary for the Pennsylvania Committee of 
 Safety during the Revolutionary war. When Michael was 
 seven years of age his father died. Soon after he was six- 
 teen he commenced to learn the carpenter's trade, at which 
 he worked for a short time near New Orleans, La. Soon 
 after he returned to Pennsylvania, and, in February, 1824 
 purchased his homestead farm in East Vincent township' 
 this county. About 1827 he began to work for the SchuyN 
 kill Navigation Company. By liis industry and ability he 
 
 on rock foundations ; those which before were built on the 
 bed of the river on sand and gravel only stood eight or ten 
 years, while his have been standing half a century and are 
 perfect yet. In his connections with many of the most 
 important works of the country he stood in the foremost 
 rank as a contractor and adviser. 
 
 He married, Jan. 6, 1824, Rebecca, daughter of James 
 and Hannah Brook, of Lawrenceville.* He had eleven 
 children, of whom two sons and five daughters are livin- 
 as IS also his wife. He celebrated his golden wedding Jan.' 
 6,^ 1874, in the presence of a large number of his old 
 friends and relatives. He died Nov. 13, 1880. 
 
 ^ He was a man of unflinching integrity, generous hos- 
 pitality, and left the impress of a long and busy life in the 
 works of his creation. 
 
 MICHAEL TOWERS, SR. 
 
 won the confidence of its officers, and soon became promi- 
 nent as a contractor and adviser in all their improvements. 
 In the years 1841-43 he was engaged in the reconstruction 
 of the Fairmount dam, Philadelphia, — a work undertaken 
 by himself and Frederick Erdman, a master-builder of con- 
 siderable note in his day. After the completion of this 
 work he seems to have retired to his extensive farm, 
 where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1845, 
 when he returned to the canal to aid in its enlargement, in 
 which he took an active part, — among other improvements 
 building the Vincent dam. In 1848 he was engaged as a 
 contractor in the building of dams of cemented masonry on 
 the James River in Virginia, for the James River and 
 Kanawha Navigation Company, — works of very consider- 
 able magnitude and importance, to the execution of which 
 he brought all the knowledge and experience which he in 
 so eminent a degree possessed. 
 
 He was the first to introduce the plan of building dams 
 94 
 
 TOWNSEND, Richard, has been mentioned as one of 
 those concerned in the erection of the first mill at Chester. 
 He is said to have been the son of Richard Townsend, who 
 resided at or near Cirencester, in Gloucestershire, and born 
 9, 30, 1645. He became a Friend in 1672, went to London 
 in 1676, and married Ann Hutchins, 3, 25, 1677. Coming 
 to Pennsylvania in the " Welcome," he settled at Chester 
 for a time, but afterwards removed to Philadelphia County. 
 He died at his nephew, Joseph, Townsend's, in East Brad- 
 ford, 1, 28, 1732. 
 
 Joseph Townsend, son of William and Mary, of Buck- 
 leberry, in Berkshire, was born 11, 18, 1684, and married, 
 9, 27, 1710, to Martha Wooderson, born 9, 18, 1683, 
 daughter of Julian and Esther Wooderson. They with 
 
 * JameB Brook owned and operated a gun manufactory at that 
 village, and made muskets for the United States in the war of 1812. 
 He was a member of the State Legislature when it met at Lancaster, 
 and his son, Nathaniel Brook, was afterwards a State senator. 
 
746 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 his sister Jean received a certificate from Newbury Monthly 
 Meeting, dated 11, 15, 1711, which was probably taken to 
 Abington. Joseph and his wife came thence to Concord 
 Monthly Meeting in 1715, and in 1720 went to Chester. 
 He was by trade a weaver, having learned the business 
 with Jonathan Sargood. In 1725 he agreed with John 
 Wanton, of Rhode Island, for the purchase of a tract of 
 800 acres in East Bradford, Chester Co., and settled 
 thereon at that time, but did not get a deed until 1727. 
 This land lies adjoining the borough of West Chester, but 
 has now passed out of the name. Joseph Townsend died 
 4, 9, 1766, and his wife 3, 2, 1767, both being buried at 
 Birmingham. Their ohildren were William, b. 5, 26, 1711, 
 d. 11, ,13, 1792, unmarried; Mary, b. 8, 16, 1713, d. 
 10, 8, 1781, m. Henry Woodward, 3, 20, 1731 ; Joseph, 
 
 David, Lydia, John, Benjamin, Hannah, Jacob, Isaac, 
 Talbot, and Rachel. 
 
 In 1786, Francis and his brother Benjamin, with their 
 families, removed to the Redstone settlement, in the western 
 part of the State. Samuel, the son of Francis, did not go 
 with his father, but married, 3, 22, 1787, Priscilla Yarnall, 
 daughter of David and Sarah, of Coventry, where he set- 
 tled. The children of Samuel and Priscilla were David, 
 Sarah, Rachel, Lydia, Priscilla, Franklin, Jane, Susan, 
 Eliza, and Thomas J. 
 
 David Townsend, son of Samuel and Priscilla Town- 
 send, was born in Pughtown, Dec. 13, 1787. He was 
 brought up to the business of agriculture on his father's 
 farm, and received a plain English education, including 
 some elementary mathematical instruction, at the country 
 
 o^^:2^^ 
 
 b. 4, 8, 1715, d. 10, 3, 1749, m. Lydia Reynolds, 3, 17, 
 1739 ; John, b. 12, 2, 1716, d. 8, 18, 1803, m. Joanna 
 England, 12; 31, 1741 ; Hannah, b. 6, 9, 1718, m. Nathan 
 Sharpies and Charles Ryant ; Martha, b. 1, 26, 1721, d. 
 4, 3, 1748 ; Richard, b. 5, 23, 1727, d. 5, 4, 1738 ; Esther, 
 b. 5, 23, 1727, d. 11, 1, 1728-9. 
 
 Joseph Townsend, Jr., received a portion of his father's 
 land, upon which he built a house, which stood in front of 
 the present residence of John M. Hildeburn, and was torn 
 
 down some twenty years ago. He left five children, 
 
 Francis, Benjamin, Esther, Joseph, and Elizabeth. Fran- 
 cis married Rachel Talbot in 1762, daughter of Joseph 
 and Hannah Talbot, of Middletown, born 9, 27, 1745, 
 died 9, 22, 1784. They had children,— Joseph, Samuel, 
 
 school of the vicinage. Possessed of an intelligent and active 
 mind, and being, withal, an excellent penman, he was 
 appointed in 1810 a clerk in the office of the register and 
 recorder of Chester County, which brought him to West 
 Chester, where he resided (with the exception of a year on 
 the paternal farm) during the remainder of his life. 
 After the service of a year or two in the county offices he 
 engaged in the business of conveyancing, and also became 
 concerned for some time in a mercantile establishment in 
 the borough. In 1813 he was elected a county commis- 
 sioner, and at the expiration of his term, in 1816, he be- 
 came (as was then the usage) county treasurer for the 
 ensuing year. On the establishment of the Bank of Chester 
 County, in 1814, he was chosen one of the directoiB, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 747 
 
 served from November of that year until November, 1816. 
 On Oct. 1, 1817, lie was appointed cashier, and the bank 
 continued under his sagacious management for nearly the 
 third of a century with unparalleled success. His resignation, 
 in 1849, was induced by an accidental injury to the brain, 
 which disabled him and eventually caused his death. In 
 1821 he was chosen a trustee of the West Chester Acad- 
 emy, and in 1826 was appointed treasurer and financier of 
 the board, which office he held until 1854, by which time 
 he had engineered the institution completely out of debt. 
 
 In 1827 he was appointed county prothonotary to fill a 
 vacancy ; but the directors of the bank anxiously inter- 
 posed to retain his services, and he resigned the office of 
 prothonotary at the end of two weeks. In all his varied 
 pursuits David Townsend was eminently a practical man, 
 ingeniously and successfully uniting the requisite means to 
 the end proposed. To unite the useful with the agreeable 
 was his constant aim. Trained in the philanthropic tenets 
 of the Society of Friends, — though without their exterior 
 peculiarities, — he was a noble scion of that estimable stock. 
 He was one of the founders of the Chester County Cabinet 
 of Natural Science in 1826, was its faithful secretary and 
 treasurer from its origin until the failure of his health, and 
 was at all times one of the most active, public-spirited, and 
 valuable contributors, whether to the treasury, museum, or 
 the library. About this time (the organization of the Ca- 
 binet) he had his attention directed to botanical studies, 
 and was ever after distinguished for his devotion to this 
 amiable science. The plants of Chester County and the 
 surrounding districts became familiar acquaintances, and 
 were duly arranged in his celebrated herbarium. In 1833 
 a genus of plants, allied to the asters, was named " Town- 
 sendia," — in compliment to him, who had done so much to 
 elucidate the characters of that family. This genus was 
 established and published by Sir William J. Hooker, with 
 a figure, in his splendid work, the " Flora of North Amer- 
 ica," to the description of which he subjoined the remark 
 that Mr. Townsend, having imbibed an ardent love of bot- 
 any, had devoted his leisure hours to the science with emi- 
 nent success. The new and classical banking-house, planned 
 by Thomas U. Walter, was erected in 1835-36, under Mr. 
 Townsend's auspices, to whose fine taste and salutary 
 influence most of the architectural improvements of the 
 borough are largely indebted. On the retirement of Mr. 
 Townsend from the bank, he found genial employment in 
 the various branches of horticulture, especially in the cul- 
 ture of fruits and ornamental plants. He died Dec. 6, 
 1858, at the age of seventy-one years, and was interred in 
 the Oakland cemetery. 
 
 He was married, 4, 16, 1812, at Birmingham Meeting, 
 to Eebecca Sharpies, daughter of William and Ann, of 
 West Chester, born 6, 9, 1789, died 7, 22, 1836. By 
 this marriage his children were Washington, Franklin, 
 Priscilla Ann, Gulielma Maria (married to Edward 
 Hoopes), Albert, Ann Eliza (married to William E. Bar- 
 ber, Esq.), and Sharpless. Of these, Washington, the 
 eldest, is the only survivor. He was born 1, 20, 1813, and 
 received an academical education under Jonathan Gause 
 and Joseph Strode, at the old West Chester Academy. In 
 1831 he was appointed second teller in the Bank of Chester 
 
 County, and five years later promoted to the position of first 
 teller. Turning his attention to the law, he began its study 
 under William Darlington, Esq., and on Aug. 16, 1844, re- 
 signed his post at the bank in order to devote his whole time 
 to the profession. In 1848 he received the appointment of 
 prosecuting attorney, and on April 6, 1849, that of cashier 
 of the bank, which latter position he resigned Oct. 30, 1857. 
 He was a delegate to the Whig National Convention at Bal- 
 timore in 1852, and to the Republican Convention at Chicago 
 in 1860. In 1868 he was elected to the Forty-first Con- 
 gress, and by re-election served eight years in that field, 
 during which he was a member of committees on Edncation 
 and Labor, Banking and Currency, Freedmen's Affiiirs, 
 and was chairman of the Committee on Public Lands in 
 the Forty-third Congress. He took a decided stand as an 
 advocate of protection to American indu.stry, the national 
 banking system, of a sound and redeemable currency, the 
 appropriation of the proceeds of sales of public lands to 
 educational purposes, and of an improved Indian policy. 
 
 John Townsend, son of the emigrant, Joseph, married, 
 12, 31, 1741, Joanna, daughter of Joseph and Margaret 
 England, of Nottingham, born 7, 29, 1721, died 5, 30, 
 1786. They settled on a part of his father's land, on 
 which they built a house, which is still standing, and the 
 property of Samuel Shipley. Their children were as fol- 
 lows : Margaret, b. 7, 27, 1742, m. Samuel Jefferis ; Sarah, 
 b. 12, 10, 1743, m. Amos House; Lydia, b. 2, 11, 1746, 
 d. 1, 31, 1798, m. Reuben John ; William, b. 7, 19, 1748, 
 d. 11, 6, 1819; Martha, b. 12, 6, 1751, d. 12, 31, 1834, 
 m. Robert Lamborn, of Kennet ; Mary, b. 9, 6, 1753, d. 
 10, 19, 1829, m. Jesse Jones; Joseph, b. 2, 26, 1756, d. 
 9, 30, 1841, m. 6, 6, 1782, to Hannah Painter, 5, 31, 1787, 
 to Mary Matthews, and 6, 3, 1803, to Esther Hallett, and 
 was the father of twenty-three children ; John, b. 7, 14, 
 1758, d. 1, 18, 1768 ; Hannah, b. 12, 17, 1760, m. Edward 
 Darlington ; Joanna, b. 3, 15, 1763, d. 5, 22, 1843, m. Jesse 
 Sharpless. 
 
 William Townsend, son of John, married Grace LoUer, 
 and settled on a part of his father's land, at what is thought 
 to have been his grandfather's residence. His children 
 were Eusebius, John W., Joseph, and Mary, of whom the 
 first remained on the farm until his death. 
 
 Joseph Townsend, son of John and Joanna, inherited 
 the homestead in East Bradford, but his residence being in 
 Baltimore, the property was for many years farmed by ten- 
 ants. The following was written by Dr. Wm. Darlington : 
 
 " Joanna Townsend was an intelligent, old-fashioned Englishwoman, 
 with much energy of character and a determined will of her own. Her 
 son Joseph inherited a full share of his mother's tenacity of purpose, 
 with a tinge of quaint eccentricity, derived from his father's side of the 
 house; but, withal, he was a most actively useful, philanthropic, and 
 exemplary man. His family were all disciples of George Fox, and 
 Joseph himself was ever one of the straitest of the sect. He was, 
 however, endowed with a notable portion of human curiosity ; in times 
 and places of commotion or great excitement he was sure to be ' there 
 or thereabouts,' a close observer of what was going on, and ready to 
 lend a hand in case good oflioes were required.* 
 
 " The devastation perpetrated during the passage of Howe's army 
 through Chester County induced Joseph Townsend to migrate to 
 some more fortunate region; and at the close of the war he removed 
 
 « This has been shown in his observations on the battle of Brandy- 
 wine, page 74. 
 
748 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 to the Falls of Gunpowder River, in Maryland, where he taught 
 school for a year. In the fall of 1783 he removed to Baltimore, and 
 the town then being small but growing, he soon engaged actively in 
 promoting its advancement; was a member of the board of health 
 for several years, during the fatal visitations of yellow fever ; was 
 active in procuring the Potters' Field and founding the Maryland 
 Hospital, both of which were required by the aforesaid fearful epi- 
 demic. In 1793 he was one of the founders of the ' Baltimore Equi- 
 table Society for Insuring Houses from Loss by Fire,' an institution 
 in which he was an efficient officer for the long period of forty-seven 
 years. Various other positions of trust and responsibility were also 
 held by him, under both the city and the State governments. In the 
 autumn of 1814, after the sack of Washington City, the British forces 
 undertook to treat Baltimore in the same manner, but their maraud- 
 ing career was bravely intercepted at North Point. Joseph Townsend, 
 occupying a seat in the gallery of Friends' meeting, of course could 
 not be expected to bear arms on the occasion (though two of his 
 sons were then on military duty in Pennsylvania) ; yet, as soon as the 
 conflict was ended, the worthy old Quaker — then nearly threescore 
 years of age — was one of the foremost and most efficient in perform- • 
 ing the offices of humanity, among the dead and dying, on that en- 
 sanguined battle-field. 
 
 "After a long life, illustrated by signal public spirit and practical 
 benevolence, he died at his adopted home, Sept. 30, 1841, in the 
 eighty-sixth year of his age. His remains repose in a granite sar- 
 cophagus prepared in his lifetime, under his own direction. Few 
 men were so extensively known by his cotemporaries as Joseph Town- 
 send, of Baltimore, and long will his memory be honored as one of 
 the fathers and benefactors of the Monumental city." 
 
 TREGO, Peter, and Judith, his wife, were living in 
 Middletown township early in the last century, he having 
 purchased land there in 1708. Their children were 
 Jacob, b. 8, 7, 1687, d. 4, 10, 1720 ; James, b. 4th mo., 
 1690; William, b. 6, 3, 1693; John, b. 12, 15, 1696; 
 Ann, b. 8, 28, 1702, m. 6, 11, 1725, to James Rushton ; 
 Peter. Jacob married, in 1709, Mary Cartlidge, of Darby, 
 and had three children, — Hannah, John, and Rachel. The 
 widow married, in 1722, John Laycock, of Bucks County. 
 James Trego, then of Edgmont, married about 1716, and, 
 after keeping tavern some time in Chester, settled in White- 
 land, where he died in 1745, leaving children, — James, 
 Mary (Walker), Sarah (Simcock), John, Jacob, William, 
 and Elizabeth. 
 
 William Trego, son of Peter, married, about 1717, Mar- 
 garet Moore, and in 1735 settled in Groshen, where he kept 
 tavern for some years. His children were Hannah, Wil- 
 liam, Margaret, Benjamin, Elizabeth, Joseph, Mary, Sarah, 
 (m. to Phinehas Eachus), Ann (m. to Joseph Hunt). 
 
 Peter Trego, Jr., married, 11, 5, 1726-7, Ann Whit- 
 aker, daughter of Charles and Hannah, of Ridley. He 
 was a member and overseer of Providence Meeting from 
 1748 to his death, in 1752. 
 
 Benjamin Trego, son of William and Margaret, born 4, 
 2, 1730, married, 9, 29, 1753, Mary Pyle, daughter of 
 John and Susanna, by whom he had the following chil- 
 dren : Hannah, b. 9, 20, 1754, m. Amos Matlack ; Edith, 
 b. 11, 20, 1756, m. James White; Mary, b. 1, 16, 1759, 
 m. Joshua Weaver; Benjamin, b. 11, 30, 1761 ; Emmor, 
 b. 12, 20, 1763, unmarried. 
 
 Benjamin, senior, married again, 7, 13, 1767, Mary Ret- 
 tew, who does not appear to have left any children. His third 
 marriage was to Bathsheba (Babb), widow of Jeremiah 
 Peirsol, and had other children, — Benjamin, Bathsheba, 
 and Rachel. Benjamin Trego, as has been stated, gave 
 the land for the court-house at West Chester. 
 
 TRIMBLE, William and James, believed to be 
 brothers, became Friends and members of Concord Meet- 
 ing, 1734-5. William was born 1705, in the county of 
 Antrim, Ireland, died 8, 5, 1795, in Concord, (now) Dela- 
 ware Co., Pa., married, 9, 13, 1734, Ann Palmer, daughter 
 of John and Martha, of Concord, and had issue, — 1. John, 
 b. 6, 24, 1735 ; d. 6, 25, 1772. 2. William, b. 9, 19, 
 1737; d. 2, 6, 1821; m. 9, 11, 1766, to Grace Thomas, 
 daughter of Richard and Phebe, of West Whiteland, where 
 they settled for some time. Grace d. 9, 14, 1781, and he 
 m. second, Ann Taylor, 7, 27, 1785, daughter of George 
 and Ann Edge, and widow of Benjamin Taylor. 3. Joseph, 
 b. 7, 17, 1739; d. 10, 16, 1824. 4. Samuel, b. 7, 17, 
 1741; d. 7, 13, 1818. 5. Hannah, b. 8, 22, 1743; m. 
 Isaac Jacobs. 6. Daniel, b. 1, 17, 1745 ; d. 2, 2, 1807. 7. 
 Rachel, b. 4, 11, 1748; m. Amos Garrett. 8. Ann, b. 1, 
 19, 1752 ; m. Joshua Sharpless. 
 
 William Trimble (2) and wife, Grace, had children, — 
 Richard, who died in West Chester, 2, 7, 1847 ; Susanna, 
 Hannah, Lydia (m. John Baldwin), and Ann. By second 
 wife,— Phebe, b. 7, 21, 1786, m. Vincent King; John, b. 
 1, 31, 1788, d. 10, 28, 1855, m. 12, 18, 1817, Thomazine 
 Downing ; Grace, b. 12, 24, 1789, m. Joseph Evans ; Wil- 
 liam, b. 3, 12, 1793, d. 12, 18, 1863, m. Sarah Vickers, 
 daughter of Dr. Abraham and Mary (Eastwick) Vickers. 
 They kept a boarding-school in Uwchlan for ten years, and 
 afterwards lived in the valley. West Whiteland. 
 
 James Trimble, born in Ireland on Midsummer Eve 
 (June 24), 1707, arrived in Pennsylvania about the 6th 
 month (Aug.), 1719, died 11, 21, 1792, in West Brad- 
 ford, Chester Co., and was buried in Friends' graveyard at 
 Marshallton. He married, 10, 3, 1735, Mary Palmer, 
 daughter of John and Martha, of Concord, and had issue, 
 — Mary, b. 8, 8, 1736, m. Joseph Downing ; John, b. 1, 
 3, 1738, d. 2, 7, 1748 ; James, b. 12, 28, 1739, d. 7, 16, 
 1819, m. 11, 1, 1770, Mary Sellers, daughter of Samuel 
 and Jane, and settled at the homestead, Trimble's Mill, now 
 called Trimbleville, in West Bradford ; Ann, b. 11, 17, 
 1741, m. Abiah Taylor ; Sarah, b. 8, 28, 1744, m. Abraham 
 Taylor ; Isaac, b. 4, 6, 1747, d. 3, 28, 1824 ; Hannah, b. 
 8, 9, 1752, m. John Faddis. 
 
 The children of James and Mary (Sellers) Trimble were 
 James, b. 11, 21, 1771, d. 10, 13, 1793; Mary, b. 6, 
 27, 1774, m. Elisha Ingram; Samuel, b. 6, 28, 1776, d. 
 10, 29, 1806, m. 10, 13, 1803, Amy Pim, daughter of 
 Isaac and Hannah (Cope) Pim, of East Cain. She was 
 born 1, 8, 1785, and died 2, 26, 1825; m. (second) 
 Thomas Dutton, of Aston. Samuel and Amy had two 
 children,— Dr. Isaac P., b. 8, 20, 1804, now of New 
 York, and Lydia, b. 3, 11, 1806, m. Yarnall Baily. Jacob, 
 b. 10, 9, 1778, d. 11, 3, 1813; Isaac, b. 1, 7, 1781, d. 5, 
 31, 1860, m. 5, 29, 1814, Anna Jefferis, and settled on the 
 homestead, where his widow now resides ; Lydia, b. 3, 26, 
 1783, d. 10, 13, 1805 ; John, b. 5, 8, 1785, d. 1, 21, 
 1854; Phebe, b. 6, 18, 1787, m. Benjamin House; 
 Joseph, b. 4, 12, 1790, d. 6, 20, 1790. 
 
 Hugh Trimble and John Trimble were probably 
 brothers of William and James, as they were present at 
 the marriages of the latter and signed the certificates as 
 near relatives. Of John nothing further is known. It 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 749 
 
 may have been that he was the father of the others. 
 Hugh resided in Middletown township, and was a justice 
 of the peace, member of Assembly, etc. ; d. May, 1760, 
 leaving wife, Margaret, and children, — James, Thomas, 
 Samuel, and Margaret. To his son Thomas he gave £100 
 to support him at learning. James died within a few 
 months after his father, unmarried. 
 
 Henry Trimble married, 11, 21, 174-, at the First 
 Presbyterian church, Philadelphia, Mary Lewis, probably 
 of Haverford. He died in Ridley, November, 1772, and 
 by will directed his burial to be by the side of his wife, in 
 Friends' graveyard at Haverford, to repair the wall of 
 which he gave £10. To St. James' Church, Kingsess, he 
 gave £50, and to John Crosby, Jr., coroner, £100. His 
 son Lewis inherited the plantation, 370 acres, in Ridley, 
 and his grandson, Abraham Trimble, another in Providence. 
 Lewis married, Dec. 15, 1760, Margaret Edwards, a mem- 
 ber of Providence Meeting, and she was disowned therefor, 
 
 9, 24, 1762. They had children,— Alice, Mary, Abigail, 
 and perhaps others. 
 
 Alexander Trimble married, June 20, 1754, Eleanor 
 Rogers, of Abington, Pa., and died prior to 1769 ; was a 
 member of the Second Presbyterian Church of Philadel- 
 phia. His son James, born in Philadelphia, June 19, 
 1755, became a clerk in the land-oflSce about 1770, and 
 deputy secretary of the Commonwealth 1777, a position he 
 retained till Jan. 14, 1837, being a faithful and highly 
 efficient officer. He married, April 22, 1782, Clarissa, 
 
 widow of John Hastings, and daughter of Claypoole, 
 
 and died Jan. 26, 1837. Of their eleven children, only 
 two survived him, — Dr. James Trimble, who died in 
 Huntington Co., 1838, and Thomas R. Trimble, who died 
 in Chester County, 1868. (See Penna. Mag. Hist, and 
 Biog., V. 82.) 
 
 Joseph Trimble, or Tremble, as the name was gener- 
 ally written, emigrated from Ireland when some fifteen 
 years of age, probably about 1730, and served a time farm- 
 ing and wagoning with William Brown, a miller, of Not- 
 tingham. In 1741 he settled on a farm near by, which 
 remained in the family until 1856. He married, 11, 31, 
 1744, at the " Brick Meeting," Sarah Churchman, daughter 
 of John and Hannah, of East Nottingham, born 2, 17, 
 1716, died 8, 2, 1750, leaving three children. Joseph, 
 married second, 2, 22, 1753, Ann Chandler, daughter of 
 William and Ann, of Londongrove. She died 12, 31, 
 1793. 
 
 Children: William, b. 10, 1, 1745, d. 5, 30, 1819; 
 John, b. 12, 16, 1746, d. about 1809, near Chillicothe, Ohio ; 
 Mary, b. 7, 11, 1748 ; Joseph, b. 10, 29, 1754, d. 12, 5, 
 1831 ; Thomas, b. 5, 4, 1756 ; Jacob, b. 2, 27, 1758 ; 
 Sarah, b. 5, 23, 1760, m. Job Sidwell ; James, b. 4, 20, 
 1762, d. 12, 5, 1831 ; Elisha, b. 3, 18, 1765, d. 8, 28, 1848. 
 
 James Trimble married, 3, 20, 1788, Sarah Job, daugh- 
 ter of Archibald and Margaret, of East Nottingham, Md., 
 b. 3, 11, 1760, d. 2, 7, 1807. He married (second), 5, 
 
 10, 1809, Elizabeth, daughter of Francis and Hannah 
 Wilkinson, of Londongrove. She died 10, 4, 1820, and 
 he married (third), 1, 10, 1822, Elizabeth Giles Chandler, 
 daughter of Nathan and Elizabeth Oldham. His children 
 were, by first wife,^Joseph, b. 3, 7, 1789, d. 1, 31, 1872 ; 
 
 jQb, b. 2, 23, 1791, d. in Illinois, 1866; Thomas, b. 5, 5, 
 1793, d. in Illinois, 1856 ; Ann, b. 2, 20, 1795, m. Wil- 
 liam Phillips; Rees, b. 1, 10, 1797, d. in Indiana ; James, 
 b. 2, 23, 1799 ; Reuben, b. 6, 14, 1803, d. 7, 1, 1803. 
 
 James Trimble, the only survivor of this family, married 
 Hannah Mendenhall, and having sold the old homestead 
 in 1856, now lives in Fairville, in this county. He pos- 
 sesses a great store of historical and traditional information 
 of the old families and incidents of Nottingham. 
 
 James Trimble writes : 
 
 " Sarah Churchman, daughter of John, the immigrant, and sister of 
 John, the minister, was born 3d mo. 17, 1716, married my grandfather, 
 Joseph Tremble, 11th mo. 31, 1744, deceased 8th mo. 2, 1750, leaving 
 three children, — William, John, and Mary. John was the father of 
 David, who became an officer in the war of 1812; served in the terri- 
 ble battles in Canada, and member of Congress from Kentucky from 
 -1817 to 1827. The youngest son of John is the present Isaac R. 
 Trimble, of Baltimore, educated at West Point by the influence of 
 his brother David; served in the army of Gen. Taylor in Mexico; 
 chief engineer in building the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Balti- 
 more Railroad ; married into the Cattell family, of South Carolina, 
 and finally turned up a brigadier-general in the Confederate Army of 
 Virginia; wounded and taken prisoner at Gettysburg, Dr. Arm- 
 strong, of New London, Chester Co., I am told, dressed his wounds, 
 to whom, it is said, he stated his Quaker origin. 
 
 " John Churchman, the minister, in the latter years of his life often 
 walked over to my grandfather's, about a mile, to see the former resi- 
 dence of his sister, and advise, and, if need be, admonish her children, 
 who all became rather noted in whatever line they moved. William 
 was a successful merchant of Baltimore, and a highly esteemed and 
 influential elder of Baltimore Yearly Meeting. He was born, 1745, 
 died 6th mo. 30, 1819, a few months after a visit to the old homestead 
 of Churchman and Tremble, which he always seemed to hold in a 
 degree of veneration. I have heard my father relate that John 
 Churchman, the minister, in his walks to their place, was in the habit 
 of resting on a moss-covered rock which lay a few rods immediately 
 in front of the cabin in which he was born and raised, and in which 
 his earlier life was spent, and reflected that he was now living in his 
 ' ceiled house,' near the spot where his father and mother had toiled 
 to bring up their children on the bare necessaries of life." 
 
 Joseph Trimble, of somewhat vague tradition, by his 
 wife, Barbara Ann, had a daughter, Mary, who married 
 ' her cousin, Joseph Trimble. These had children, — William, 
 Margaret, and Joseph. The last born, perhaps, in Dela- 
 ware County, 1810, married, 3, 21, 1837, Rebecca Fussell, 
 daughter of Bartholomew and Rebecca (Bond) Fussell, b. 
 4, 21, 1796, and still living. Joseph died 9, 14, 1839, 
 leaving one child, Esther Jane, born 3, 2, 1838, now teacher 
 of English literature, rhetoric, and elocution in the West 
 Chester State Normal School. She began teaching before 
 she was eighteen, and studied incessantly until threatened 
 with loss of sight. She then turned to the study of elo- 
 cution, under Professor White and his daughter, of Phil- 
 adelphia, and in 1863 began teaching this branch at Kennet 
 Square. Class after class followed in other places through- 
 out Chester and Delaware Counties. From 1865 to 1870 
 she was engaged in the principal schools of Philadelphia 
 and Germantown, and in 1871 went to Washington, Pa., 
 to prepare the senior class in the Ladies' Seminary in 
 their commencement exercises, and was about to make a 
 permanent engagement there when an offer came from 
 Swarthmore College of a position as teacher of English 
 literature, rhetoric, and elocution. This she accepted in 
 the fall of 1871, and remained there four years. In the 
 winter of 1875-76 she lectured on literature at various 
 
750 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 places, and in 1877 accepted her present situation. She is 
 an enthusiast in her chosen vocation, in which she also 
 ranks as an author, as will be seen under the chapter on 
 Bibliography, pp. 324-5. 
 
 URNER, Isaac N. — The Urner family came originally 
 from canton Uri, in Switzerland, as the name implies, the 
 inhabitants of canton Uri being called Urners, as all who 
 read Schiller's " Wilhelm Tell" know. Three brothers, John, 
 Martin, and Jacob, sons of Uriah Urner, came from the 
 province of Alsace, having been driven out of Switzer- 
 land by the persecutions of 1672 and later. They probably 
 came over about 1708, as the Colonial Records show them 
 to have been here in 1712. John died unmarried in 1743, 
 and was the first person buried in the Brethren graveyard 
 of Coventry. Martin Urner and his wife were two of the 
 first six persons ever baptized by the Brethren in this 
 country, in the Wissahickon, at Philadelphia, in 1723. In 
 1724 he moved to Coventry, in this county, organized the 
 Coventry Chnrch of the Brethren, over which he presided 
 as preacher and bishop until the time of his death, in 1755, 
 and was buried in the Coventry graveyard. His descend- 
 ants are now found in Nottingham Co., Va., as well as in 
 the States of Missouri and New York. The third brother, 
 Jacob, settled originally in Pottsgrove township, near Ring- 
 ing Hill, in Mongtomery County. He died young, in 1744, 
 his wife, Ann, surviving him, with three children, viz. : 
 Elizabeth Urner, married to Jacob Prick ; Hester, married 
 to Ulrich Switzer ; and Martin, married to Barbara Switzer. 
 This Martin Urner bought the farm of his uncle Martin 
 Urner at the latter's death, which had been purchased by 
 the first Martin Urner in 1718 of the Penns. This farm, 
 of over 400 acres at the time of its purchase from the 
 Penns, now called " Belwood," is now owned by the wife 
 of the subject of this sketch, and has never been out of his 
 family and that of his wife, the property being held from 
 1718 to 1811 by the Urners, and from 1811 to the time of 
 purchase by the present owner by the Stovers, grandfather 
 and uncle of Mrs. Eliza Gr. Urner. 
 
 Martin Urner, last named, was the second preacher and 
 bishop of the Coventry Brethren's Church from 1755 to 
 1799. This Martin Urner left four children, viz. : Martin, 
 Jonas, Mary, married to David Reinhart, of Maryland ; 
 and Elizabeth, married to Abraham Titlow, of Lancaster 
 County. Martin, the first son, above mentioned, was born 
 in 1762, and died in 1838. He was a farmer, and married 
 Barbara Baugh, lived in Coventry, and left four sons, viz. : 
 John, Daniel, Israel, and Jacob. John, the first child, was 
 born in 1784, and died in 1827. He married first Susanna 
 Grubb, and second Elizabeth Grubb, and his children by 
 the second marriage were, viz. : Lydia, married to Gilbert 
 Brower ; Isaac N. Urner. Jonas Urner, above mentioned, 
 and son of Martin Urner (3), removed to Maryland in 
 1811, where many of his descendants are now living. 
 Among them is Milton G. Urner, a member of the Forty- 
 sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Daniel, Israel, and 
 Jacob, sons of Martin Urner (3), have left numerous de- 
 scendants in Pennsylvania and elsewhere. Isaac N. Urner, 
 son of John, and grandson of Martin Urner (3), was born 
 June 6, 1821, in North Coventry, on the old Urner home- 
 stead. He graduated at Dickinson College in 1845, and 
 
 was married to Eliza Stover Grubb. He lived twenty-one 
 years in the South, being admitted to the bar in Charleston, 
 8. C, in 1850, but never practiced law. He was president 
 of Mississippi College, the Baptist college of that State, for 
 sixteen years, from 1851 to 1867. After resigning his 
 connection with that institution, the degree of LL.D. was 
 conferred upon him by its trustees as a recognition of his 
 services. To Mr. and Mrs. Urner three children have been 
 born, viz. : Louis Grubb, born Oct. 10, 1854 ; Walter Hil- 
 man, born Oct. 9, 1857, and who died in infancy ; aijjd 
 John Rodolph, born Aug. 21, 1861. At the recent exec- 
 utor's sale of the late Owen Stover, deceased, the old Urner 
 homestead, called " Belwood," was purchased by Eliza G. 
 Urner, wife of Isaac N. Urner, and the family for several 
 years past have lived and are now residing on the place, one 
 of the finest and best improved farms in the county. 
 
 VALENTINE, Thomas, of Bally Brumhill, Ireland, 
 married Mary, daughter of Thomas and Rebecca Parke, 
 born Sept. 18, 1693. They produced a certificate from 
 Carlow to New Garden Monthly Meeting, 2, 27, 1728, and 
 afterwards removed to New Providence township, (now) 
 Montgomery Co., where he died in 1747. Their children 
 were Robert, Thomas, John, Jonathan, and perhaps others. 
 
 Robert, b. 7, 21, 1717, at Bally Brumhill, d. 7, 21, 
 1786, m. 4, 4, 1747, at Cain Meeting, to Rachel Edge, b. 
 
 6, 29, 1725, d. 1, 31, 1779, daughter of John and Mary 
 Edge, of Providence, Chester Co. They resided in East 
 Cain, and were prominent members of Uwchlan Meet- 
 ing. Robert became a recommended minister in 1764, and 
 traveled considerably in that capacity, including a visit to 
 Great Britain at the close of the Revolutionary war. Rachel 
 Valentine was an elder in the meeting. Their children 
 were Thomas, b. 3, 28, 1748, d. 3, 27, 1752 ; Mary, b. 7, 
 
 26, 1750, d. 3, 24, 1752; Robert, b. 6, 24, 1752, m. 5, 
 
 27, 1773, to Ann Bond ; Rachel, b. 10, 14, 1754, m. 2, 
 22, 1799, to Joseph Malin, of East Whiteland ; Jane, b. 
 10, 26, 1756, d. 2, 7, 1757 ; Sarah, b. 11, 14, 1757, d. 4, 
 
 7, 1758; Phebe, b. 6, 5, 1759, m. Abraham Sharpless; 
 George, b. 4, 16, 1761, d. 7, 11, 1801, m. 11, 20, 1788, 
 Phebe Ashbridge ; Jacob, b. 10, 7, 1763 ; Susanna, b. 3, 
 26, 1766, m. 4, 19, 1792, to George Massey. Some of 
 this branch removed to Bellefonte, Centre Co., and were 
 largely interested in iron manufacture. Robert, son of 
 Robert and Ann (Bond), married, 6, 23, 1811, Elizabeth 
 Downing, and their daughter Anna is the wife of Jacob 
 Edge, of Cain township. George, another son of Robert 
 and Ann, married Mary, daughter of Jacob Downing, and 
 their daughter is the wife of Thomas S. Downing, of East 
 Cain. 
 
 Thomas Valentine, the son of the emigrants, was married 
 by Rev. Wm. Currie, Nov. 23, 1752, to Rebecca Robinson, 
 and died in Charlestown township in 1762. His widow 
 married Robert Dunbar, May 19, 1768. The children of 
 Thomas and Rebecca were Thomas, William, Mary, Rachel 
 and John. The last was boMi 11, 19, 1759, d. 1, 5, 1836, 
 m. 10, 5, 1791, Mary Taylor, b. 9, 27, 1770, d. 4, 4, 1856' 
 daughter of Francis and Mary Taylor. Their children, born 
 in East Cain, were Thomas, Francis, Rebecca, Elizabeth, 
 Esther, Emily, Joseph D., Mary, and Rachel. The family 
 removed in 1811 to Sadsbury township. 
 
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BIOaRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 751 
 
 Jonathan Valentine, son of Thomas and Mary, born 
 about 1730, married, in 1755 or 1756, Lydia, daughter of 
 John and Lydia (Pusey) Baldwin. They settled in East 
 Cain, where Jonathan died about 1811. Their children 
 were Absalom, Jehu, John, Jonathan, Elizabeth, Mary, 
 Lydia (m. to Jesse Evans), and Thomas. Absalom mar- 
 ried Mary Temple, daughter of Thomas (and Mary Jefferis?) 
 Temple, of East Cain, and had children, — Abner, William, 
 Lydia (Scott), Thomas, Benjamin, John, Elizabeth (Gray), 
 Mary (Bentley), Samuel, Absalom, Temple, and Joseph. 
 Of these, John was born April 23, 1787, and is still living. 
 He is the father of John K. Valentine, Esq., of Philadel- 
 phia, and of the late Chalkley M. Valentine, of West 
 Chester. 
 
 VANDERSLICE, John, a retired merchant, was born 
 two and a half miles from Phoenixville, Pa., May 27, 1801. 
 His father, also named John, was a prominent and pros- 
 perous farmer in Pikeland township, of which he was an 
 early settler, and where his son, the subject of this notice, 
 passed his youth and received his education. In 1826, 
 after his marriage, for four years he worked on his father's 
 farm upon shares. Two years subsequently he was engaged 
 in butchering, after which he purchased a farm of eighty 
 acres, for three thousand dollars, near Kimberton. During 
 the ensuing seven years he cut some twelve hundred dol- 
 lars' worth of wood upon this land, and disposed of most of 
 the tract for nine thousand four hundred dollars, reserving 
 about one acre, upon which he erected a house, which was 
 his home but a short time, for nine months later he sold it 
 for fifteen hundred dollars. He then purchased a seventy- 
 five-acre farm in Phoenixville. In January, 1840, he es- 
 tablished his home upon this land, — a piece of real estate 
 which eventually realized him a fortune, inasmuch as one- 
 half of Phoenixville has been built upon the lots sold by 
 him since 1840. He erected upon these lots one hundred 
 and twenty houses, thereby greatly advancing the growth 
 and prosperity of the place. He now owns twenty-six 
 houses, also built by himself, and which he leases to tenants. 
 
 In the year 1841, Mr. Vanderslice, in partnership with 
 Mr. Samuel Comett, embarked in the coal and lumber busi- 
 ness, connected with which for many years was a dry- 
 goods and grocery store. These undertakings were finan- 
 cially successful. In 1855 he took his son, Addison S., 
 into partnership, having previously purchased Mr. Cornett's 
 interest ; the coal and lumber business was thus continued 
 until Jan. 11, 1879, when Mr. Vanderslice retired from the 
 firm, leaving his son to continue the business, and which 
 he is still conducting. 
 
 Mr. Vanderslice is a firm Republican, and did much, by 
 liberal contributions and otherwise, to assist the Union 
 cause during the war of the Rebellion. In 1822 he became 
 a member of the Masonic fraternity, an order in which he 
 has always been an active worker, and in which he has at- 
 tained high rank, having taken the 32d degree ; he served 
 as treasurer of Phoenix Lodge, No. 75, for thirty-three 
 years, and has held the same office in the chapter since 
 the year 1861. 
 
 He was married in 1825 to Elizabeth Custer, a native 
 of Evansburg, Montgomery Co., Pa., where she was born 
 in the year 1805. Of the nine children born of this union 
 
 seven are now living, viz. : Lavina C, wife of J. B. Mor- 
 gan, cashier of the First National Bank of Phcenixville ; 
 Engelbert F., formerly engaged in merchandising and farm- 
 ing, but now employing two teams in hauling ; Addison S., 
 merchant; Angle C, wife of Dr. Levi Oberholtzer; Ne- 
 hemiah C, studied medicine but not now practicing ; John 
 A., a farmer; and Eliza, wife of Horace Lloyd, teller in 
 the First National Bank of Phoenixville. All of his chil- 
 dren are residing in Phoenixville or its immediate vicinity, 
 the farm of his son John being in Montgomery County, 
 about two miles distant. 
 
 Mrs. Vanderslice was baptized Oct. 9, 1834, since which 
 date she has been an earnest and faithful member of the 
 Baptist Church of Phoenixville. 
 
 Mr. Vanderslice has held many positions of honor and 
 trust in the community in which he has so long resided, 
 having been several times elected a member of the town 
 council, serving for three years as a director of the First 
 National Bank of West Chester, as a member of the school 
 board of Phoenixville for several years, beside holding 
 other offices of prominence, in all of which his sterling 
 qualities and marked ability have been conspicuously dis- 
 played. He was one of the originators of the Phoenixville 
 Bank. He sold the ground upon which the water-works 
 are located, and was influential in promoting that enterprise. 
 He was also the owner of the ground on which the Masonic 
 Hall was subsequently erected, in the construction of which 
 he was greatly interested. In 1865 he was one of the cor- 
 porators of the Morris Cemetery, and one of the three per- 
 sons who sold the land (21 acres) which constitutes this 
 beautiful burial-place. He has also frequently acted as ex- 
 ecutor, administrator, and guardian, performing these trusts 
 with scrupulous fidelity. In 1855 he purchased an exten- 
 sive tract of land in the West, comprising 1800 acres, 
 which he subsequently sold, realizing a handsome profit. 
 Although but one of many large business transactions in 
 which he has been engaged, this one bears witness to his 
 skill and judgment. At the time of his marriage he pos- 
 sessed scarcely a dollar, but now, as the result of his fore- 
 sight, energy, and enterprise, he ranks among the wealthier 
 citizens of the county. 
 
 He is in many respects a remarkable man. Considering 
 
 his age eighty years — his mental faculties are remarkably 
 
 active and vigorous, while his physical appearance indicates 
 a man of much younger age. His countenance is pleasant 
 and agreeable, his manners courteous and affable, indicating 
 that benevolence which has been one of his characteristics. 
 Since Oct. 9, 1834, he has been a consistent member of the 
 Baptist Church of Phoenixville. 
 
 Mr. Vanderslice has been an extensive traveler. He has 
 had several strokes of paralysis, the first occurring about 
 eleven years since ; the second attack came near having a 
 fatal termination, but after doctoring for three years with 
 some of the best physicians of New York and Philadelphia 
 without apparent benefit, he began to travel for his health. 
 On May 15, 1851, he left Philadelphia in the steamer " City 
 of Glasgow" for Liverpool, England.* He had a fine pas- 
 
 «- The steamer " City of Glasgow" returned to Philadelphia, took 
 on over three hundred passengers, and started for Liverpool, but was 
 lost at sea with all on board. 
 
752 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 sage of eighteen days' duration ; after spending four days 
 in Liverpool, he started for London, stopping at all the 
 prominent intermediate towns ; he remained in the great 
 metropolis ten days, visiting the World's Fair, then went 
 to Paris, from thence he traveled over nearly all Continen- 
 tal Europe, visiting its cities, watering-places, and other 
 points of attraction. This trip was but the beginning of 
 his journeyings. He spent one winter in Cuba, was in 
 London and Paris five times, at Rome three times, in Egypt 
 twice, and at Jerusalem ; he visited San Francisco and 
 South America ; he has also been in every State of the 
 Union and in four of the Territories. His last trip was 
 one " around the world" ; he went across the continent to 
 San Francisco, — it being his second visit to that place, — 
 crossed the Pacific Ocean to Yokohama, in Japan, pro- 
 ceeded thence to Hong-Kong, Singapore, Bombay, and 
 Calcutta ; crossed the Indian Ocean to Aden, traversed the 
 Red Sea to its head, passing through the Suez Canal, visit- 
 ing Cairo, Alexandria, Brindisi, Naples, Pompeii, Vesuvius, 
 Rome, the Mont Cenis tunnel, Geneva, Paris, London, and 
 Liverpool, whose port he left April 29, 1875, arriving home 
 the 11th of May following. 
 
 Mrs. Vanderslice is still living, at the advanced age of 
 seventy-five years, and in the full possession of her facul- 
 ties. This worthy couple have a pleasant home in Phce- 
 nixville, where, surrounded by their children, they are en- 
 joying that ease and comfort which their lives of care, 
 industry, and frugality have so well entitled them to enjoy. 
 
 VAN LEER, Dr. Bernhardus, the centenarian, was 
 the son of the Hon. John George and Mary Von Loehr, 
 the original ancestors of the Vanleer family in Pennsylva- 
 nia, who emigrated from Germany to this country about the 
 year 1697. Dr. Van Leer was born about the year 1686, 
 in or near Isenburg, in Rhenish Prussia, and came hither 
 with his parents when but eleven years of age. 
 
 The family settled, soon after their arrival in Penn- 
 sylvania, in Marple township, Chester (now Delaware) 
 Co., where the father died in 1748, leaving a wife, Rebecca. 
 Bernhard remained a few years with his father, assisting 
 him on the farm, and then returned to Germany to prose- 
 cute his studies. Such was the usage in those days, when 
 colleges and universities were almost unknown in our coun- 
 try, though Germany then, as well as now, was renowned 
 for her universities. That young Van Leer availed himself, 
 with ardor and success, of the opportunities thus afforded 
 him is manifest from the volumes which he left behind him 
 —both manuscript and printed — in the Latin, French, and 
 German, as well as English, languages. Under these favor- 
 able circumstances he appears to have prosecuted his classi- 
 cal and professional studies through the protracted period 
 of seven years. He then returned to his adopted country 
 and to his parental home, where he entered upon the prac- 
 tice of his profession as a physician. Shortly after engag- 
 ing in professional life he was united in marriage, Feb. 25, 
 1734, with Mary Branson, the daughter of William Bran- 
 son, a wealthy merchant of Philadelphia. The practice of 
 Dr. Van Leer was conducted principally in his oflBce. This 
 was partly owing to the difficulties then existing in passing 
 from one part of the country to another. Roads, except be- 
 tween some main points, were few, and most of them were 
 
 but the pathways of the Indians through the forest. 
 Streams were to be forded, and the location of the farmer's 
 clearing to be guessed at. All these difficulties were en- 
 hanced by the sparseness of the population, rendering the 
 distance to be traversed from settlement to settlement very 
 considerable. His reputation has come down to us as that 
 of a practitioner whose skill was tested widely and long, and 
 who possessed in an eminent degree the confidence of those 
 who resorted to him. But the duties of a medical man 
 can never be performed to their fullest extent in the office. 
 The physician must qualify himself for his duties at the 
 bedside of the diseased, and can only discharge his respon- 
 sibilities by personal visitation and searching inquiries in 
 the sick-room. There was one feature, however, in Dr. Van 
 Leer's practice in reference to himself that is worthy of 
 special regard. He was through life a striking example of 
 temperance, not only in the use of vinous and spirituous 
 liquors, but also in diet generally. He abstained entirely 
 from the use of all intoxicating liquors. 
 
 His daughter stated that her father in his hundredth 
 year rode with her on horseback to his farm in Chester 
 Valley, a distance of thirty miles, in one day, and returned 
 on the following day without complaining of fatigue. 
 
 This vigor of constitution he retained to his one hun- 
 dred and second year, when he received some injuries 
 which caused his death, Jan. 26, 1790, having attained to 
 the patriarchal age of one hundred and- four years. His 
 remains repose in the cemetery at Middletown, Delaware Co. 
 
 Upon his tomb is this inscription : 
 
 " Here Lieth the body of Bernhard V.anleer, M.D., Physissian in 
 Physiok, Who departed this Life .January the 26th, 1790, Aged 104 
 years. Friends weep not for me, | For all your tears are vain; | Pro- 
 pare to meet the Lord, | That we may meet again." 
 
 By his first wife, Mary Branson, Dr. Van Leer had 
 George, b. 1735, d. April 22, 1807, m. Elizabeth Roberts; 
 Thomas, d, 1754 ; Branson ; William, d. 1764, unmarried ; 
 Benjamin, and Samuel. He married a second wife, Chris- 
 tiana , who died May 29, 1815, aged 88 years, 7 
 
 months. By her he had several other children, to one of 
 whom, Mary, wife of Moses Moore, he devised the Blue 
 Ball tavern and 180 acres of land in Tredyffrin. To his son 
 Bernhard he gave the homestead. The latter was born 
 Sept. 21, 1770, and died Feb. 9, 1814. 
 
 Samuel Van Leer, one of the older sons, became the 
 owner of the site of the old Reading Furnace (seep. 347), 
 in what is now Warwick township. His wife was Hannah, 
 daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth Wayne, and sister of Gen. 
 Anthony Wayne. 
 
 Isaac Wayne Van Leer, son of Isaac W. Van Leer, 
 Esq., long the public-spirited presiding officer of the Chester 
 County Agricultural Society, and a grandnephew of the 
 famous Gen. Wayne (known in Revolutionary times by the 
 sobriquet of " Mad Anthony"), was born in the township of 
 West Nantmeal, Chester Co., June 15, 1846. This extraor- 
 dinary precocious and noble youth was a lineal descendant 
 of Dr. Bernhard Van Leer, also inherited some of the 
 Wayne blood of our ancient bailiwick, and we therefore 
 need not be surprised to learn that in the days of a vile 
 pro-slavery rebellion and national peril the generous, loyal, 
 and high-spirited boy became a prompt and gallant soldier 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 753 
 
 of the republic. In the autumn of 1861 Isaac left his home 
 without his father's knowledge of the movement, and went 
 to Harrisburg, where he offered to enlist ; and subsequently 
 attached himself to Company B, Capt. Potts, of the 53d 
 Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, in Sumner's division. 
 Being apprehensive that his extreme youth might be ob- 
 jected to, he at first tried to pass himself off as a lad of 
 eighteen, though only in his sixteenth year ; and to prevent 
 a discovery of his whereabouts he resorted to the romantic 
 expedient of temporarily assuming a fictitious name. His 
 father, aware of the military proclivities of the youth, and 
 anxious to get him home again, requested Capt. Potts (a 
 relative of the family) to keep a lookout for Isaac. The 
 captain endeavored to persuade him to return to his father's 
 house, but he replied, " I cannot go home : I feel it to be 
 my duty to go to the' war." Finding him determined, the 
 captain was then requested to take charge of the lad in case 
 he persevered, and thus it was arranged to keep him in the 
 company. 
 
 While they were at Camp Curtin Isaac was taken ill 
 with typhoid fever. His accomplished and devoted sister 
 went to Harrisburg, and nursed him until he was able to 
 be removed, when she took him home with her to Phila- 
 delphia, and before he was able to carry his gun he insisted 
 on returning to camp. He told his sister that he had re- 
 peatedly asked his father for permission to enter the ser- 
 vice, but had always received a denial, and now he was 
 determined to go. When his sister was about to part with 
 him after nursing him through the fever, she said to him, 
 as she passed her hand lovingly over his fair and smooth 
 young brow, " Dear brother, if the rebels should put a 
 bullet through this pretty head how it would spoil it." He 
 replied, " Not more than any other man's, — and somebody's 
 must be spoiled." 
 
 At the battle of the Seven Pines, or Fair Oaks, Sum- 
 ner's division was conspicuously engaged. The 53d Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers were in the action all day. Capt. 
 EicKoltz, who was then in command of Company B (in 
 place of Capt. Potts, resigned on account of illness), says 
 that in the midst of the fight some unauthorized person, in 
 an adjacent regiment, gave the order to retreat. Company 
 B, of the 53d Pennsylvania, being next them, also com- 
 menced falling back.; but Capt. Eicholtz, perceiving that 
 the order was a mistake, stepped out, and ordered his com- 
 pany to advance. ' Young Van Leer was one of the first to 
 spring forward, and when the captain saw him, towards 
 night, he says the youth was fighting with the utmost cool- 
 ness and bravery, and above all others his voice could be 
 heard ringing out, shrill and clear, " Steady, boys I steady I" 
 while working like a veteran. 
 
 Isaac was first severely wounded in the ankle, and fell, 
 being unable to stand. When his company at length fell 
 back he lay midway between his regiment and the enemy, 
 wondering, as he stated, into whose hands he should fall. 
 After loading and firing a number of times while prostrate 
 • on the ground, he received a shot in the head, and then 
 lay uneonscious, with the battle raging over him. Some- 
 how he was also badly wounded in the side and arm by a 
 bayonet- thrust, which he could never account for. He lay 
 nearly two days on the battle-field before his comrades had 
 95 
 
 an opportunity to remove him, and all that time without 
 any nourishment except water. The muscles of his face 
 became so paralyzed that he was unable to open his mouth. 
 Capt. Eicholtz, although his own right hand was much 
 shattered, paid every possible attention to his young friend, 
 who was afterwards taken to Fortress Monroe, where he 
 was nine days before the ball was extracted. Isaac was 
 next taken to New York, whither his indefatigable sister 
 went, and faithfully nursed him until he sank under the 
 wounds he had received, which sad event occurred on the 
 19th of June, 1862, when he had just completed his six- 
 teenth year. 
 
 As an evidence of the unfaltering spirit with which this 
 juvenile patriot engaged in the cause of his country, it may 
 be mentioned that when near his end his sister inquired if 
 he regretted the part he had taken in the eventful struggle. 
 He responded, " Not for a moment ! in such a cause, he 
 would do just the same thing again. Otherwise," added he, 
 " what would become of our country?" 
 
 VAUGHAN, Rev. Joshua, was bom in the year 1749, 
 near the Yellow Springs, in Chester County. His parents 
 were John and Ruth Vaughan, of Welsh extraction. In 
 early life he learned the trade of a blacksmith, and followed 
 the business near the old " Red Lion," in his native county. 
 He married Jane Taggert, a native of Ireland. He was a 
 man of vigorous, independent mind ; read much, and gained 
 the regard and confidence of his fellow-citizens. During 
 an important and perilous period of the Revolutionary con- 
 test, Joshua Vaughan was deputy sheriff of the county, 
 and custodian of the prison at Chester, a situation in which 
 he evinced signal firmness and courage. While in office he 
 attended the ministry of the Rev. Philip Hughes, a Bap- 
 tist, who often preached in Chester. He was converted 
 under the preaching of Mr. Hughes, and was baptized by 
 him in 1780. While going to the water with Mr. Hughes, 
 some one inquired his destination, when Joshua replied, 
 " We are Philip and the jailer." He became at that time 
 a member of the First Baptist Church of Philadelphia. 
 In 1787 he became a member of the church at Brandywine, 
 when he was dismissed from the First Church to that of 
 Brandywine. Finding that he possessed ability, the church 
 desired him to exercise his gifts as a preacher, and in De- 
 cember, 1789, he was regularly ordained. As the Baptist 
 churches were then small and unable to support their min- 
 isters, it was not unusual for these to engage in some active 
 pursuit. So with Mr. Vaughan. When his office of deputy 
 sheriff terminated he purchased a farm, on which he re- 
 sided ; and while he thus provided for his own household, 
 he employed his energies in preaching the gospel. For sev- 
 eral years he preached once a month for the Bethesda 
 Church, and a strong mutual attachment existed between 
 him and that congregation. In summer-time the assem- 
 blages were often so large that he was obliged to leave the 
 meeting-house and resort to an adjacent grove. He was a 
 great preacher in his way, both doctrinal and practical, and 
 his labors were greatly blessed. He was a fearless man. 
 Of numerous characteristic personal anecdotes the follow- 
 ing may be noted: In Mr. Vaughan's day baptism was 
 often much ridiculed, and at the water there was sometimes 
 much disturbance. On one occasion a couple of men of 
 
754 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 "the baser sort" took offense because he had baptized a 
 friend of theirs, and they swore that the next time Mr. 
 Vaughan baptized in the Brandywine they would put him 
 under its waters. Mr. Vaughan heard of the threat, and 
 at the next baptism preached a powerful sermon, hoping it 
 would do good, but he only saw on the bank around him a 
 crowd of enraged men, who were evidently leagued with 
 his enemies. As he closed he said he knew what had been 
 threatened, and who were the leaders of the mob that meant 
 to molest him. Quickly throwing off his coat and baring 
 his stalwart arm, he stood out before them ; with his broad 
 chest distended, and his countenance fixed on them, with 
 a significant gesture said he was ready for the attack, but 
 warned them, if they did not fear God, to fear him, for he 
 was determined to hurl the first man that dared to inter- 
 rupt him to the ground and plunge him into the stream, 
 and grind him under his heel upon its rough rocky bottom. 
 Recollecting many of his feats of strength and daring among 
 hardened outlaws while deputy sheriff and keeper of the 
 prison, these sons of Belial hesitated, then urged one another 
 to the assault, but soon retired, each charging the other 
 with cowardice, when the faithful servant of the Cross, 
 calm and serene, proceeded to baptize the candidate. Joshua 
 Vaughan was constitutionally courageous and self-possessed. 
 His manners were remarkably courteous and polite. He 
 died Aug. 30, 1808, aged fifty-nine years, and was buried 
 in the graveyard adjoining his church. 
 
 Dr. John Vaughan, son of the Rev. Joshua Vaughan, 
 was born in the township of Uwchlan, Chester Co , Pa., June 
 25, 1775. While young he manifested good abilities, and 
 was regarded as a youth of fine promise. The limited cir- 
 cumstances of the family imposed the necessity of a plain, 
 common education, though during a residence at Chester, 
 while his father was deputy sheriff of the county, he made 
 some progress in classical studies, and ultimately became a 
 polished English scholar. His restricted means, to his last- 
 ing regret, debarred him from the privilege of attaining to 
 the medical honors of the university ; but his talents, in- 
 dustry, and laudable ambition conducted him in due season 
 to the first rank of his noble profession. He studied medi- 
 cine with Dr. William Currie, of Philadelphia; and when 
 he felt himself prepared for its duties, commenced practice 
 at the village of Christiana Bridge, in New Castle Co., Del. 
 Shortly after this his inquiring mind was led to the con- 
 sideration of the then recent discoveries of Gralvani, Volta, 
 etc., and his speculations resulted in an ingenious essay, en- 
 titled " Observations on Animal Electricity, in explanation 
 of the metallic operation of Dr. Perkins," which essay, in 
 a printed pamphlet, was dedicated to the American Philo- 
 sophical Society, and was commended by his venerable 
 friend. Dr. James Tilton. 
 
 ^ The skill and address of Dr. Vaughan soon acquired for 
 him an enviable position in the community, and we next 
 learn that in March, 1797, he obtained the hand of a charm- 
 ing and accomplished daughter of Joel Lewis, Esq., of 
 Christiana. In about two years after that happy event 
 (viz., m April, 1799) his improving prospects induced him 
 to remove to the borough (now city) of Wilmington, where 
 he speedily became one of the most successful and popular 
 physicians that ever adorned and blessed that beautiful town. 
 
 Dr. Vaughan was not only a good practical physician, but 
 his aspiring disposition and bright intellect led him to take 
 part in the discussion of the important professional topics 
 of his day. The periodicals of that time, and especially 
 the pages of that able journal, the New Yorh Medical Re- 
 pository, bear ample testimony to his talents as a writer and 
 medical philosopher. He gratified and instructed his fel- 
 low-citizens by popular lectures on chemistry and natural 
 philosophy ; he became connected with various learned and 
 scientific societies, and enjoyed the acquaintance and corre- 
 spondence of such men as Jefferson, Dickinson, Rodney, 
 Bayard, Logan, Rush, Mitchell, Miller, etc. When, in 
 1802, Wilmington was visited by that fearful epidemic 
 known as the yellow fever, Dr. Vaughan was the only 
 physician of the place who bravely stood his ground and 
 ministered to the medical necessities of a panic-stricken 
 population. The public papers of that day contain the 
 following just and touching obituary : 
 
 "Died, on Wednesday evening last [viz., March 25, 1807], of a 
 nervous fever, Doctor John Vaughan. 
 
 "The tears of the poor and friendless hedew his memory, for his 
 bosom was the seat of humanity and feeling ; kindness beamed in 
 his countenance, and active benevolence warmed his heai't. As a 
 physician and chemist, Dr. Vaughan was justly eminent; though - 
 snatched off in the summer of life, he had traveled far in the walljs 
 of science." [In the latter years of his life he became a licensed 
 preacher in the Baptist Church, and the obituary adds :] " The doc- 
 trines of the blessed Son of Mary he firmly believed, and we have 
 reason to hope that he is now enjoying the glorious rewards which 
 belong to the departed Christian." 
 
 VERNON, Thomas, from " Stanthorne," County Pala- 
 tine of Chester, England, arrived a little before or with the 
 proprietary, in 1682. He served as a juror at the first 
 court held for the county of Chester. He, with his brother, 
 Randal Vernon, settled on adjoining tracts of land in Nether 
 Providence, and for some time occupied but one dwelling, 
 at which the Monthly Meetings of the Society of Friends 
 in early times were frequently held. He was an exemplary 
 member of the society and a good citizen. Thomas had 
 not entirely escaped religious persecution in England! He 
 died 10, 25, 1698, and his widow, Elizabeth, 3, 24, 1714. 
 Their son Thomas, born about 1670, died 11, 4, 1754, 
 married, 8, 13, 1702, Lydia Ralfe, and had the following 
 children : Thomas, b. 5, 23, 1703, d. about 1760 ; Lydia, 
 b. 1, 13, 1706, m. Nathaniel Ring; Jonathan, b. 4, 3, 
 1707, died young; Jonathan, b. 6, 11, 1708, d. 1785, m. 
 8, 19, 1738, to Ann (Cloud) Engle; Nathan, b. 7, 10, 
 1710; Esther, b. 8, 10, 1712, m. Abraham Ashton; Na- 
 thaniel, b. 12, 5, 1714, m. 7, 13, 1744, Mary (Engle) Sal- 
 keld; Hannah, b. 1, 3, 1716-7, m. John Calvert; Mor- 
 decai, b. 2, 3, 1720, d. about 1792, settled in Marlborough, 
 and had children, — Lydia (Hall), Elizabeth, Mary, Mor- 
 decai, Thomas, James, and Hannah. 
 
 Nathaniel (sheriff) and Mary (Salkeld) Vernon had 
 children, — Thomas, John, Job, and Frederick. He was a 
 tavern-keeper at Eaaton, 1754. His property was confis- 
 cated on account of loyalty to the British crown. 
 
 Job Vernon, captain in the Revolutionary army, was 
 born in Lower Providence, about the year 1750. He en- 
 tered the army at the commencement of the Revolutionary 
 war, and served faithfully and without intermission until 
 its termination and the disbanding of the army. His name 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 755 
 
 appears in the lists, printed by order of Congress, of officers 
 who served to the end of the war, and thereby acquired the 
 right to half-pay and bounty lands, and also as one of the 
 founders of the Society of Cincinnati. He was commis- 
 sioned ensign in Capt. Thomas Church's company of Col. 
 Anthony Wayne's Pennsylvania battalion Jan. 5, 1*776, 
 and was promoted to be lieutenant in Capt. Thomas Rob- 
 inson's company of the same battalion Oct. 1, 1776. In 
 1779 and 1780 he was paymaster of the 5th Pennsyl- 
 vania Regiment, which was then commanded by Col. 
 Francis Johnston, and in which he also held the commis- 
 sion of captain. This regiment was attached to the Army 
 of the North, and seems to have participated in all its ser- 
 vices up to the storming of Stony Point. Capt. Vernon 
 died in Concord township about the year 1810. From 
 fragments of his accounts and other documents in the pos- 
 session of a relative, he seems to have been an intimate 
 acquaintance and favorite of Gen. Wayne, and a very brave 
 and judicious officer. 
 
 Feederiok Vernon, major in the Revolutionary army, 
 perhaps a brother of the preceding officer, was also born in 
 Lower Providence ; but nothing of his personal history nor 
 any account of his military services is known to be pre- 
 served. His name appears on the lists above referred to as 
 one who served faithfully to the end of the war, and he 
 was also one of the founders of the Society of Cincinnati. 
 He was major in the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment of In- 
 fantry. 
 
 Randal Vernon, from " Sandyway," Cheshire, Eng- 
 land, no doubt immigrated to the province with his brothers, 
 Thomas and Robert, and located his land in Nether 
 Providence, between the tracts located by them. Besides 
 being an active and influential member of the Society of 
 Friends, he was frequently intrusted with public business. 
 In 1687 he served as a member of the Provincial Assem- 
 bly. He died in 1725, at the advanced age of eighty-five 
 years, having survived "his wife, Sarah, who died 12, 18, 
 1718-9. Their son Jacob married, in 1701, Ann Years- 
 ley, and died in 1740, leaving children, of whom his son 
 Jacob married Elizabeth (Hickman) Cheyney about 1730, 
 and died 1748, in Thornbury. Their children were Abra- 
 ham, m. 3, 30, 1751, to Mary Bennett, who after his death 
 married Thomas Cheyney, Esq, ; Lydia, m. to David Lewis ; 
 Elizabeth, died young; Phebe, m. to Maj. John Harper; 
 and Jacob Vernon. 
 
 Robert Vernon came from Stoke, in Cheshire, Eng- 
 land. He was a member of the Society of Friends, but 
 did not take such an active part in meeting aflfairs as Thomas 
 and Randal, though the Monthly Meetings were sometimes 
 held at his house. He conveyed his hrich messuage and 
 330 acres of land, where he resided, to his son Jacob just 
 before his death, which occurred in January or February, 
 1709-10. His wife, Elinor, who came with him, was the 
 daughter of John Minshall, and sister of Thomas Minshall, 
 a settler in Providence. She died 7, 24, 1720. Their 
 children were Isaac, m. in 1710, Hannah Williams and 
 Mary (Sellers) Marshall; Jacob, m. 4, 5,1712, Eleanor 
 Owen, and settled in Philadelphia later in life ; John, m. 
 in 1702, Sarah Pyle, who left three children, — Moses, 
 Rachel (m. to Robert Green), and Aaron. Gideon Ver- 
 
 non, son of Moses, went to Nova Scotia at the time of the 
 Revolution. 
 
 VICKERS, Thomas, of Plumstead, Bucks Co , son of 
 Abraham and Mary, married, 9, 13, 1746, at Plumstead 
 Meeting, Rebecca Dillon, daughter of Nicholas and Mary, 
 of Bedminster. In 1775, Thomas and several of his chil- 
 dren came to Chester County and settled in East Cain. 
 He was a minister among Friends, and died 12, 30, 1793, 
 while absent on a religious visit, aged about seventy-three. 
 His children were Esther, b. 6, 9, 1747, m. William Mich- 
 ener, 12, 22, 1768; John, b. 8, 3, 1749; Mary, b. 3, 9, 
 1752, m. David Mendenhall, 6, 3, 1778; Rebecca, b. 7, 1, 
 1754, m. Joshua Roman, 10, 2, 1776 ; Thomas, b. 3, 8, 
 1757, d. 9, 25, 1829 ; Rachel, b. 9, 6, 1759; Abraham, 
 b. 1, 17, 1762 ; Mercy, b. 8, 19, 1764. 
 
 Thomas Vickers, Jr., m. 6, 30, 1779, Jemima Menden- 
 hall, daughter of Joshua and Lydia, of East Cain, born 12, 
 9, 1757, died 12, 5, 1851. Their children were John, b. 
 8, 8, 1780, d. 4, 24, 1860 ; Joshua, b. 9, 19, 1783, d. 9, 
 20, 1807; Martha, b. 3, 27, 1786, m. William Milhous; 
 Ziba, b. 10, 5, 1788, m. Lydia Kersey; Thomas, b. 4, 14, 
 
 1791, m. Ann ; Isaac, b. 10, 10, 1792, m. Abigail 
 
 ; Jesse, b. 4, 1, 1795; Rebecca, b. 9, 21, 1799, m. 
 
 Evan Lewis. 
 
 John Vickers, son of Thomas and Jemima, married, 10, 
 6, 1803, at Sadsbury Meeting, Abigail Paxson, daughter 
 
 of Joseph and Mary, of Sadsbury, Chester Co., born , 
 
 died 12, 12, 1818. After some years they settled in 
 Uwchlan, where he carried on the potting business, and 
 his house was one of the prominent stations of the Un- 
 derground Railroad. His children were Martha, Ann 
 (m. to Samuel M. Painter), Joseph, Jonathan, Jemima M., 
 Mary H., Joseph, Aaron, Abigail C, Paxson. The last 
 named, b. 7, 13, 1817, d. 10, 22, 1865, m. in 1840, Ann 
 T. Lewis, daughter of Thomas and Sarah Lewis, b. 4, 20, 
 1818. He was member of Assembly, 1856-57. His 
 daughter Sarah Louisa, b. in Uwchlan, May 20, 1841, m. 
 Jan. 1, 1862, John Oberholtser, and they reside at Cam- 
 bria Station, West Pikeland. 
 
 WADDEL, Rev. Jambs, D.D., the son of Thomas Wad- 
 del, was born in Newry, in the north of Ireland, in July, 
 1739. In the fall of the same year he was brought, an 
 infant in his mother's arms, to this country. His parents 
 settled on the White Clay Creek, Chester Co., Pa., where he 
 grew up to manhood. Having been disabled by an accident, 
 when a boy, in the use of his left hand, bis parents resolved 
 to seek for him a liberal education. He was accordingly 
 sent to the school of Dr. Samuel Finley, at Nottingham, 
 where he made rapid progress. His attainments in the 
 classics were of so high an order that Dr. Finley promoted 
 him at an early age to the office of tutor. On leaving this 
 school he became an assistant in the school of Dr. Robert 
 Smith, at Pequea. 
 
 After a time he migrated southward, and was licensed to 
 preach by the Presbytery of Hanover, Va., April 2, 1761, 
 and was pastor at different times of various churches m 
 
 Virginia. . 
 
 Some time after he had been in the mmistry, he became 
 incurably blind. He continued to preach, however, the 
 different members of his family assisting him in his prepa- 
 
756 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ration, and spending hours daily in reading to him. His 
 mental faculties were not impaired by his loss of sight, and 
 he retained his usual flow of spirits. The mother of Presi- 
 dent Madison was a member of his church, and Mr. Madi- 
 son himself often visited him, and sometimes consulted him 
 in matters relating to the welfare of the country. 
 
 The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him 
 in 1792 by the trustees of Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa. 
 He was dignified in his general deportment, but remark- 
 able for politeness and gentlemanly manners, — a finished 
 gentleman, in the old Virginia acceptation of the term. 
 
 To great learning he added an eloquence so remarkable 
 that the traditionary accounts of it seem almost fabulous. 
 It was of that sort that electrifies whole assemblies, trans- 
 ferring to them the speaker's passion at his will. Under 
 his preaching audiences were moved simultaneously and 
 irresistibly, as the trees of the wood are shaken by a 
 tempest. 
 
 It was to delineate the character of his eloquence that 
 William Wirt wrote that inimitable piece of composition in 
 his "British Spy" entitled "The Blind Preacher,"— a 
 description which is indelibly impressed on the pages of 
 Virginia history, and which immortalized the writer as well 
 as his hero. 
 
 Dr. Waddel died Sept. 17, 1805. His daughter Jan- 
 netta was the wife of Rev. Archibald Alexander, D.D., 
 for a long time professor in the theological seminary at 
 Princeton, N. J., and whose name is familiar as " house- 
 hold words" in every Presbyterian family in the land. Dr. 
 Alexander's son, the late James W. Alexander, D.D., of 
 New York, was named after his grandfather, Dr. Waddel. 
 
 WALTER, Godwin, was a witness to a deed executed 
 in Wiltshire, England, Sept. 28, 1685, and in less than 
 three months had arrived in Pennsylvania. He settled in 
 Concord, and married, in 1696, Elizabeth Sangurst, or Sang- 
 hurst, by whom he had the following children : John, b. 
 7, 2, 1697, d. 1732, m. Martha Musgrove, 3, 21, 1724, 
 and removed to Sadsbury; Mary, b. 10, 5, 1698, m. Caleb 
 Peirce; Sarah, b. 1, 25, 1701, m. 9, 26, 1719, to Gainer 
 Peirce, and 3, 25, 1749, to William Eachus ; Ann, b. 9, 7, 
 1704 ; William, b. 4, 8, 1707, m. Rachel Newlin, 2, 25, 
 1734 ; Rachel, b. 10, 27, 1709, m. 8, 28, 1730, to John 
 Pyle ; Joseph, b. 12, 28, 1711, m. Jane Brinton ; Eliza- 
 beth, b. 7, 29, 1714 ; Lydia, m. 9, 25, 1747, to Eliakim 
 Garretson ; James, m. to Lydia Vernon. 
 
 Joseph and Jane Walter removed about 1746 within 
 the limits of Goshen Monthly Meeting, and in 1750 to 
 Kennet. The birth of their first child was not recorded, 
 but the others were Hannah, b. 8, 30, 1741, m. John Car- 
 penter; James, b. 1, 31, 1744; Joseph, b. 12, 21, 1746, 
 d. 2, 29, 1812, m. 5, 2, 1771, to Elizabeth Levis, and 11, 
 25, 1802, to Hannah Harry ; Elizabeth, b. 12, 24, 1753, 
 m. Isaac Trimble; Phebe, b. 11, 26, 1758, d. 8, 5, 1785, 
 m. Levi Woodrow ; Jane, b. 2, 19, 1760, m. Peter Harvey ; 
 Rachel, b. 2, 24, 1762 ; William, b. 4, 29, 1764. 
 
 The children of Joseph and Elizabeth Walter were Sarah, 
 Martha, m. to James Passmore ; Jane, m. to Isaac Miller ; 
 Thomas, Hannah, William, m. to Margaret Lamborn ; 
 Thomas, m. to Sidney Peirce ; and Mary Carpenter. Eliza- 
 beth died young. 
 
 WANGBR.— The ancestor of the Wanger family in this 
 country was Heinrich, or Henry, Wanger, who owned a 
 farm in Hanover township, (then) Philadelphia Co., for 
 which he paid quit-rent prior to 1750. He died in 1781, 
 and is buried in the Mennonite graveyard in East Coventry. 
 His children were Johannes, Margaret, Abraham, and 
 Anna. 
 
 Johannes (or John) Wanger purchased a farm then de- 
 scribed as in " Coventree" township, Chester Co., now in 
 Union township, Berks Co., where he lived until 1778, 
 when he sold it to his son Abraham. John Wanger died 
 Jan. 6, 1803. His children were Abraham, Jacob, Mag- 
 dalen, Elizabeth, Hannah, Magdalene, John, and Samuel. 
 
 Abraham had one son, — Abraham, — who lived to have 
 issue. He married Mary Berge, and had ten children, — 
 Susan, who died young, Susanna, George, Henry, Peter, 
 Elizabeth, Rebecca, Mary, Abraham, and Annie. George 
 married Rebecca Price, and was a well-known farmer of 
 North Coventry. He died Dec. 30, 1876. He was a 
 zealous worker in the anti-slavery cause, having made his 
 house a station on the Underground Railroad. He was 
 also actively engaged in working in the temperance and 
 other reforms. Four of his children are living, — Irving 
 P., now district attorney of Montgomery County, Newton, 
 George F. P., and Joseph P., the last three living at the old 
 homestead in North Coventry. Abraham is a well-known 
 member of the Chester County bar, and was district at- 
 torney from 1872 to 1875. Rebecca married William B. 
 Stanford, a merchant of Pottstown ; Mary married Har- 
 man Prizer ; and Annie married Howard D. Reinhart. 
 Mr. Prizer and Mr. Reinhart are well-known enterprising 
 East Coventry farmers and dairymen. 
 
 The Wanger family have ever been identified with the 
 intelligent people of the State, and have always been noted 
 for their integrity and usefulness as citizens. 
 
 WAY, Robert, appears as a witness at Chester Court 
 10th mo., 1686. In 1691 he purchased 150 acres on 
 Brandywine, in Kennet, now Pennsbury township, where he 
 died in 1725. His wife, Hannah, was the daughter of 
 Francis and Elizabeth Hickman, and their children were 
 John, Robert, Joseph, Jacob, Elizabeth, Francis, Caleb, 
 Joshua, James, and Benjamin. 
 
 John was born 9, 15, 1694, and died 8, 21, 1777, mar- 
 ried Ann, daughter of John and Margery Hannum, of 
 Concord, and settled near his father. His children were as 
 follows: Robert, b. 10, 27, 1725; Sarah, b. 8, 8, 1727, m. 
 James Miller; Betty, b. 7, 2, 1729, m. Jacob Brown; 
 John, b. 4, 9, 1730, m. Hannah Marshall ; Ruth, b. 3, 19, 
 1745, m. John Baldwin ; Caleb, b. 11, 30, 1732 ; Rebecca, 
 b. 7, 16, 1735, m. Abraham Taylor ; Jacob, b. 10, 19, 1737 ; 
 Lydia, b. 5, 2, 1740 ; Ann, b. 3, 23, 1742, m. Samson 
 Babb ; Rachel, b. 6, 11, 1749, m. Isaac Larkin ; Benjamin. 
 
 Jacob Way married Sarah Hannum, sister to his brother's 
 wife, and after her death married Hannah, daughter of Wil- 
 liam Harvey, 4, 10, 1741. His third marriage was 6, 18, 
 1767, to Lydia (Sharpies) Vernon. His children were, as 
 far as known, John, b. 12, 5, 1727 ; Ann, b. 4, 25, 1730, 
 m. Jesse Taylor; Ruth, b. 12, 4, 1733, m. John Rennet, 
 
 of Birmingham; Jean, b. 1, 11, 1736, m. Logan; 
 
 Joseph, b. 3, 23, 1737, m. Prudence Larkin ; Sarah, b. 8, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 757 
 
 7, 1739, m. John Hawk ; James, m. Hannah Marshall ; 
 Rachel, m. to Thomas Harry ; Betty, m. to Stephen Hayes ; 
 Hannah ; Amos ; Phebe, m. to John Holohan. 
 
 Jacob purchased the homestead from his brother Joseph 
 in 1728, the latter having received a deed for it from their 
 father just before his death in 1725. Joseph's wife was 
 Sarah Pyle, and he had children,— Susanna, Joseph, 
 Samuel, Sarah, William, and Nicholas. 
 
 James Way, son of Robert and Hannah, was a black- 
 smith, and lived in Thornbury at the time of his marriage, 
 4, 8, 1738, to Mary Kerlin, daughter of Matthias, of Con- 
 cord. They afterwards settled in West Cain, and in 1742 
 began tavern-keeping at " The Wagon," now Wagontown, 
 and continued till about 1755. James left one son, Wil- 
 liam, who died in his minority. 
 
 clerked three years. He then returned to Londongrove, 
 and was fourteen years in the mercantile business. He 
 then followed farming until 1853, when he retired from 
 active business. He married Elizabeth Pusey, daughter of 
 Jesse and Elizabeth Pusey, and has had the following chil- 
 dren: Jesse P., deceased; Bennett S.; Elizabeth, married to 
 Robert L. Pyle, one of the most successful merchants of 
 the county; David R. ; and Franklin Cardell, deceased 
 young. Mr. Walton's wife died Aug. 4, 1853. He served 
 thirteen years on the school board. He was postmaster 
 nearly forty years at Londongrove, and resigned about 
 1868, when his son Bennett S. was appointed, and now 
 acceptably fills that position. He has been repeatedly 
 called to act as administrator, executor, guardian, etc., and 
 has settled many estates, and had a dozen of wards at 
 
 cxy^j-iM^ OO^a^ylytJrPi^ 
 
 WALTON. — Four brothers, Nathaniel, Daniel, Thomas, 
 and William Walton, came to Pennsylvania at an early date, 
 and settled in Byberry, Philadelphia Co. From these 
 brothers have sprung an innumerable posterity, branching 
 out into all the States of the Union. The family was ori- 
 ginally of the Society of Friends. 
 
 Several branches of the family have migrated to Chester 
 County, and among the rest was Joshua Walton, who re- 
 moved to New Garden township. His son Isaac married 
 Isabella Starr, and his children were Reuben, David, Wil- 
 liam, Isaac, Sarah (married to George Meredith), and Eliza- 
 beth. 
 
 David Walton was born May 17, 1798, and was 
 reared on the farm, receiving only a limited school educa- 
 tion. When sixteen years old he went into the dry-goods 
 store of Townsend Sharpless, in Philadelphia, where he 
 
 one time. His son Bennett S. has served several years as 
 director of the poor, and is now a director in the new 
 bank at West Chester. He is also a good surveyor, and 
 does much conveyancing. Mr. Walton has resided at Lon- 
 dongrove sixty-one years, and accumulated by his industry 
 and business tact a nice competence. He passed several 
 winters in Florida, at the head-waters of St. John's River. 
 In the winter of 1860-61 he traveled in the Southern States, 
 just previous to the fall of Fort Sumter, and witnessed the 
 preparations of the South for the coming rebellion. On 
 this tour he was accompanied by his daughter, Mrs. Rob- 
 ert L. Pyle, and the wife of his son Jesse P. 
 
 Joseph P. Walton. — Elijah Walton married Rebecca 
 Briggs, in Bucks County. Their son Abner married 
 Eleanor Baker, and to them eleven children were born, 
 of whom the sixth and only surviving child is Joseph P. 
 
758 
 
 HISTOEY" OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 He was born July 19, 1820, in West Fallowfield town- 
 ship, to which his father, Abner, removed about 1806. He 
 was raised on the farm, educated in the common schools, 
 and when twenty-four years of age embarked in the mer- 
 cantile business in Londonderry township. Here he re- 
 mained one year, and removed to Steeleville, where for six 
 years he kept store, and the next four at Cochranville. 
 He went to farming extensively for twelve years on his 
 three farms of some five hundred acres in all. He then 
 resumed business at Cochranville, in which he continued 
 seven years. He is now engaged in farming. He was 
 married Nov. 9, 1843, to Hannah C, daughter of John 
 and Phebe (Strickland) Cochran. He has had ten chil- 
 dren, of whom the following six are living : Eleanor P., m. 
 Henry C. Thompson; Susanna C, m. Charles Owens; 
 Abner B., m. Elizabeth Hartshorne ; Joen, m. Dr. Joseph 
 
 bly, and often distinguished himself in expeditions against 
 the belligerent Indians. His grandfather, Anthony, was a 
 native of Yorkshire, England, but in early life removed 
 into the county of Wicklow, Ireland. He commanded a 
 squadron of dragoons, under King William, at the battle 
 of the Boyne ; and being warmly attached to liberal prin- 
 ciples, he migrated with his family to America in 1722. 
 The subject of this notice received a good mathematical 
 education, and for some years was employed in surveying, 
 practical astronomy, and engineering. When the diflScul-- 
 ties betwen the colonies and the mother-country arose, our 
 Anthony Wayne was among the foremost and most active 
 of the Chester County Whigs in counteracting the oppres- 
 sive measures of Britain, and preparing the way for the 
 Revolutionary contest. A large meeting of the inhabitants 
 of the county was held at Chester in December, 1774, to 
 
 JOSEPH p. WALTON. 
 
 Dickinson, of Parkesburg ; Evelina, m. M. F. Hammill ; 
 and Carrie A. P. He was three times justice of the peace, 
 and repeatedly served in other township positions from the 
 time he was twenty-one until four years ago. He was post- 
 master at Steeleville under the" administrations of Taylor and 
 Fillmore, and under the latter at Cochranville. He was 
 originally a Whig, and since the dissolution of that party 
 has been most actively identified with the Democracy. 
 Mr. Walton has often served on the school board. He is 
 a general farmer, as were his father and grandfather, and in 
 farming and merchandising has accumulated a nice compe- 
 tence of this world's goods. 
 
 WAYNE, Gen. Anthony.— Anthony Wayne, the 
 famous military chieftain of Chester County, was born 
 in the township of Easttown, Jan. 1, 1745. His father, 
 Isaac Wayne, was a respectable farmer and useful citizen, 
 haying repeatedly occupied a seat in the Provincial Assem- 
 
 devise measures for the protection of their rights as freemen, 
 in pursuance of a resolution of the Continental Congress, 
 and a committee of seventy was chosen, with Anthony 
 Wayne as chairman, to aid in superseding the colonial gov- 
 ernment, and to take charge of the local interests of the 
 county. 
 
 He soon aspired to military service, and early in January, 
 1776, was appointed by Congress colonel of the Fourth 
 Pennsylvania Battalion, which was sent to the frontier of 
 Canada, and passed the year in the vicinity of Ticonderoga. 
 In February, 1777, he was promoted to the rank of brig- 
 adier-general, and the following summer joined the main 
 army, under Washington, in New Jersey, where he was 
 placed at the head of a brigade. He was a man of impe- 
 rious disposition, and soon became an admirable disciplin- 
 arian. At the battle of Brandywine, Sept. 11, 1777, Gen. 
 Wayne commanded a division stationed at Chads' Ford 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 759 
 
 for the purpose of resisting the column under Knyphausen. 
 He maintained the contest with the utmost gallantry, until 
 a large division of the'enemy (through an unaccountable 
 lack of vigilance on the part of the American scouts) had 
 crossed the Brandywine above the forks, turned the right 
 of Washington's army, and compelled a retreat. Some 
 days afterwards, viz., on the night of September 20th, the 
 enemy stole a march into Wayne's camp, near the Paoli, and 
 perpetrated a cruel butchery, under the direction of Gen. 
 Grey. At the battle of Germantown Gen. Wayne evinced 
 his wonted valor, leading his division into the thickest of 
 the fight ; and in covering the retreat he used every exer- 
 tion which bravery and prudence could dictate. During 
 a large portion of this campaign of 1777, owing to a com- 
 bination of circumstances, he performed alone the duty of 
 three general oflEicers. While the army was suffering mis- 
 erably at Valley Forge, in the ensuing winter, he performed 
 valuable service on the eastern banks of the Delaware in 
 securing cattle for the American troops, and destroying 
 forage which could not be removed, and might otherwise 
 fall into the hands of the enemy. He returned to the 
 army about the middle of March, and, with his officers and 
 soldiers, received the thanks of the commander-in-chief 
 In all councils of war Gen. Wayne was distinguished for 
 supporting the most energetic and decisive measures. The 
 characteristic anecdote is told of Wayne that he was ac- 
 customed to attend such consultations with a volume of 
 " Tom Jones" or other interesting novel in his pocket, and 
 would be quietly reading in one corner of the room while 
 the anxious company were discussing the measures proper 
 to be pursued. When they had severally given their views, 
 the commander-in-chief would inquire, "Well, Gen. 
 Wayne, what do you propose to do?" "Fight, sir!" is 
 said to have been his invariable answer. No wonder that 
 his impetuous daring should procure for him the familiar 
 sobriquet of " Mad Anthony !" Fighting was constitu- 
 tional with him, and he was always ready for a fray. In 
 the council which was held before the battle of Monmouth, 
 he and Gen. Cadwallader were the only two of the seven- 
 teen general officers who were in favor of fighting. This 
 engagement added to his reputation, his ardor and resolu- 
 tion having been so conspicuous that Washington men- 
 tioned him with particular distinction in his official report 
 to Congress. In 1779 he had an opportunity to retahate 
 nobly on the enemy at Stony Point, by sparing the lives of , 
 many of the same ruffians who showed no mercy in the 
 « Paoli massacre." For his gallantry on this occasion the 
 thanks of Congress and a gold medal, emblematic of the 
 action, were presented to him. 
 
 During the campaign of 1780, Gen. Wayne was actively 
 employed, in command of the Pennsylvania line; and in 
 that of 1781-which ended in the capture of Cornwallis 
 Ind the British forces at Yorktown-he bore a conspicuous 
 part He was next sent by Washington to take cornmand 
 nGeorgia, where the enemy were making Jo™.^^ P- 
 gress. After some sanguinary encounters, he effect d the 
 establishment of security and order, and waB presen d by 
 the Legislature of the State with a valuable farm fo h 
 services Peace soon followed, when he retired to private 
 life with a military reputation which, in the time of Gon- 
 
 salvo de Cordova, would have secured for Wayne the title 
 of " Gran Capitan." In 1783 he was elected one of the 
 State Censors of Pennsylvania, and the next year a mem- 
 ber of Assembly. In 1789 he was a member of the Penn- 
 sylvania Convention, and an advocate of the Constitution of 
 the United States. In 1792, Gen. Wayne was appointed 
 by Washington the successor of Gen. St. Clair in the In- 
 dian war on the Western frontier. By the admirable dis- 
 cipline of his troops, and the skill and bravery with which 
 he fought and gained the battle of the Miami of the Lakes, 
 he brought the war to a successful termination. The 
 Chester County .hero closed his splendid career and his 
 valuable life at Presque Isle, in Pennsylvania, on the 14th 
 of December, 1796, and was buried there, on the shore of 
 Lake Erie. 
 
 In the year 1809 the Pennsylvania State Society of 
 Cincinnati resolved to erect a monument to the memory of 
 their gallant brother-soldier ; and in the mean time his son, 
 Col. Isaac Wayne, proceeded to the margin of Lake Brie, 
 and brought the remains to the family cemetery at St. 
 David's church, in the vicinity of the general's patrimonial 
 estate. There were no railroads in those days, and Col. 
 Wayne traveled in a gig or sulky. The remains were 
 placed in a box, which was fastened to the vehicle, and in 
 that way he brought them from Erie to his home. The 
 colonel used to relate that at the inns where he stopped 
 overnight' the hostlers were rather shy when they learned 
 what was in the box, of which he made no secret. 
 
 On the 5th of June, 1811, the monument was erected 
 with appropriate ceremonies, in the presence of the Cincin- 
 nati Society, all the troops of cavalry of the city and county 
 of Philadelphia, an elegant troop from Montgomery County, 
 and a large concourse of citizens. 
 
 The farm on which Anthony Wayne, the emigrant, 
 settled in 1722, and where his grandson. Gen. Wayne, was 
 born and always resided, is situated in Easttown township, 
 about one mile southeast of Paoli, and near the road leading 
 from the latter place to the Leopard. The dwelling, which 
 is of stone, was erected by Isaac Wayne, the son of the 
 emigrant, .and the father of the general, in. 1765. The 
 property descended from Gen. Wayne to his son. Col. Isaac 
 Wayne, and was by him devised to Capt. William Wayne, 
 the present owner, who is a great-grandson of Gen. Wayne. 
 The furniture of the parlor remains much as it was in the 
 days of Genl Wayne, and the room is an admirably pre- 
 served relic of the olden time. Capt. Wayne is now (1881) 
 "a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature. 
 
 A bust of Gen. Wayne, modeled by William Marshall 
 Swayne, a native of Chester County, and executed in 
 marble, adorns the court-room in West Chester. It is an 
 admirable representation of the general, and is pronounced 
 by connoisseurs to be a highly creditable work of art, and 
 shows that Mr. Swayne possesses much more than ordinary 
 ability as a sculptor. The bust was completed by Mr. 
 Swayne in 1861, and was placed in the court-house in 
 
 1872. 
 
 WEAVER, Anthony, and Anne Richards," of Northly 
 of the county of Chester, haveing poblished thare intenshon 
 of marige the seoonte time and nothing apering to the con- 
 trary if Anthony weaver ownes himselfe to be non of us 
 
760 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 if hee is willinj^ to sobmit to the order of frendes, soe is 
 permitted to prosed acording to the order of frendes." 
 This was at Chester Monthly Meeting, held 5, 5, 1 686. 
 Northly appears to have been the name for Aston township 
 at that time. Anthony Weaver did not live long after his 
 marriage. He was a blacksmith, and letters of administra- 
 tion on his estate were granted to his widow, Ann, 4, 10, 
 1689, by consent of William Weaver, of Boston, brass- 
 founder, who was present. It does not appear that he left 
 any children, but his brother William, who remained in 
 the county, left issue. February, 1692, William Weaver, 
 of Boston, brass-founder, sold 125 acres to Humphrey Scar- 
 let, which had been purchased by Anthony Weaver, Feb. 
 20, 1681, from William Cecil, of England. Scarlet had 
 married the widow, and the land was now in his possession 
 or occupation. A survey for William Weaver of 250 acres 
 in Cain township was made May 14, 1720, and on Dec. 4, 
 1727, letters of administration were granted on his estate 
 to Mary Weaver. The land was sold by Thomas Moore 
 and Richard Weaver, by order of Orphans' Court, March 
 1, 1735, and a letter written in 1737 refers to the property 
 as " old Will Weaver's." On petition of Richard Weaver, 
 of Chester, and Thomas Moore, of Whiteland, the children 
 of William Weaver were allowed to choose guardians, Feb. 
 25, 1729-30, and the children — Nathan, William, Hannah, 
 and Jonathan — made choice of the said petitioners. 
 Whether Richard was an older brother of these children 
 or otherwise related does not appear. 
 
 Richard Weaver married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas 
 and Mary Baldwin, of Chester, and they requested, 1, 25, 
 1733, to be received into membership by Chester Monthly 
 Meeting, together with their children, which request was 
 granted. In 1737 their daughter Mary married William 
 Hay, who was not a Friend, and she left the society. Hay 
 was keeper of the prison for some years, and Richard Weaver 
 is frequently mentioned in connection with repairs to the 
 jail and work-house. 
 
 Early in 1749, Isaac Weaver and Mary, his wife, made 
 acknowledgment for marrying out of meeting, but this wife 
 must have died soon after, for he was again . married, 7, 
 20, 1750, to Sarah Dell, daughter of Thomas and Rachel 
 (Sharpless) Dell, of Ridley. He was a tanner by occupa- 
 tion at that time. 
 
 In 1756, Elizabeth Weaver, widow of Richard, and all 
 her children except Isaac, joined the Episcopal Church. 
 The other children were Valentine, Judith, and Susanna, 
 the first of whom appears to have spent much of his time 
 during the next four years in the military service. The 
 children of Isaac and Sarah (Dell) Weaver were as follows : 
 Thomas Dell', b. 9, 27, 1751 ; Joshua, b. 12, 28, 1753, d. 
 6, 2, 1827 ; Isaac, b. 3, 1, 1756 ; Elizabeth, b. 7, 27, 1758 ; 
 Baldwin, b. 11, 20, 1760 ; James, b. 3, 25, 1763 ; Richard, 
 b. 7, 17, 1765; William, b. 1, 25, 1768; Abraham, b. 3, 
 31, 1770; Sarah, b. 9,21, 1774. 
 
 Thomas Dell Weaver was disowned in 1779 for taking 
 the test. Joshua made an acknowledgment, 8, 25, 1777 
 for exercising in the military way, but was disowned in 
 1781 for paying fines. Baldwin was disowned, 6, 26, 1780 
 for military exercise. Joshua married Mary Trego, daugh- 
 ter of Benjamin and Mary (Pyle) Trego, of Goshen, now 
 
 West Chester, where he settled, and became one of the most 
 useful citizens of the place. His business was that of a 
 surveyor and conveyancer, but he took part in all public 
 measures ; was burgess and treasurer of the town, county 
 commissioner, and clerk to the board of directors of the 
 poor for twenty-seven years. His children were Isaac, 
 Emmor T., Elizabeth and Sarah, unmarried; Edith, m. to 
 Gren. George Hartman ; Maria, m. to John Rutter, Esq. ; 
 and Sidney, unmarried. 
 
 Isaac Weaver, brother of Joshua, was a member of the 
 State Senate from Delaware County, and Speaker of that 
 body. 
 
 WEBB, Richard, a settler in Birmingham, 1704, came 
 from the city of Gloucester to Philadelphia in 1700. His 
 wife, Elizabeth, a noted minister, had visited this country 
 in 1697-98, and in 1710 paid a religious visit to her na- 
 tive land. (See also Birmingham Meeting, p. 234.) 
 
 Richard Webb died in 1719. He had been a justice 
 of the peace and an active citizen. His children were 
 William, m. 1, 22, 1709-10, to Rebecca Harlan, and died 
 about 1753 ; Mary, m. 1713, to George Brown, afterwards 
 to John Willis, Jr., and Thomas Smith, died 1743 ; Esther, 
 m. 1718 to Jacob Bennett ; Sarah, m. to William Dilworth ; 
 Daniel, m. 9, 8, 1727, to Mary Harlan ; Benjamin, m. 1725, 
 to Rachel Nicklin ; Elizabeth, d. youngj James, b. 11, 19, 
 1708-9, d. 10, 26, 1785, married three times, and removed 
 to Lancaster County. 
 
 William Webb settled in Kennet, and was an active man 
 in public affairs, a justice of the peace, and for many years 
 a member of Assembly. His son William, born 11, 13, 
 1710, married 9, 23, 1732, Elizabeth, daughter of Daniel 
 Hoopes, of Westtown, and had children, — William, b. 9, 26, 
 1736, d. 6, 7, 1773, m. Sarah Smith ; Stephen, b. 12, 23, 
 1738, d. 9, 8, 1787, m. Hannah Harlan, 9, 17, 1766 ; Re- 
 becca, b. 5, 25, 1741, d. 7, 22, 1775, m. Benjamin Taylor ; 
 Ezekiel, b. 6th mo., 1747, d. 5, 26, 1828, m. Cordelia Jones 
 and Elizabeth HoUingsworth ; Jane, m. to William White, 
 Jr. 
 
 With Richard Webb came his sisters Mary and Rachel, 
 unmarried, who lived among their relatives here. John 
 Webb produced a certificate to Philadelphia Monthly 
 Meeting, 12, 28, 1700, from Gloucester Quarterly Meeting, 
 held 6, 27, 1700, as did also Richard Webb, but we know 
 nothing further of him. John Lea, wool-comber (bap- 
 tized July 12, 1674), late of the parish of Christian Mal- 
 ford, in the county of Wilts, son of John and Joane Lea, 
 of the same place, was married, 12, 1, 1697, at Gloucester 
 Meeting, to Hannah Webb, of the latter place, widow 
 of Joseph Webb. These also came over at the same time 
 as Richard and John Webb. The children of Joseph and 
 Hannah Webb were Hannah, b. 3, 31, 1687, m. Nathaniel 
 Allen ; Mary, b. 9, 26, 1688, m. Edward Pilkington ; Ann, 
 b. 8, 12, 1691 ; Sarah, b. 3, 21, 1693, buried in Philadel- 
 phia, 5, 2, 1714 ; Joseph, who died before 1735, leaving 
 children, — Hannah, Joseph, and Sarah. 
 
 WERSLER, Major John G., was born in Charlestown 
 (now Schuylkill) township in 1781, and died at his resi- 
 dence in Charlestown township, where he had lived for 
 many years, Nov. 20, 1876. 
 
 He served with distinction in the war of 1812, first as 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 761 
 
 captain of a company bearing the name of Groat Valley 
 Light Infantry, numbering forty men, and located at Camp 
 Dupont. After their return from Camp Dupont the com- 
 pany was organized under the name of " Chester County 
 Blues," their uniform being blue, with neat and tasty 
 facings and trimmings. Some time after forming this 
 company Capt. Wersler was advanced to the position of 
 major of a volunteer battalion of this regiment, while at 
 the same time holding the office of major of volunteers in 
 this same brigade. He was a strict disciplinarian, and his 
 efficiency as an officer was frequently spoken of in the most 
 laudatory terms. 
 
 In 1810 he was made deputy sheriflf to Sheriff George 
 Hartman, and a few years laterwas a candidate for the 
 sheriffalty of this county, but was defeated in the nomina- 
 tion because of two weaker candidates combining against 
 him. 
 
 In 1818 he was appointed by Governor William Find- 
 lay to the office of prothonotary and clerk of the courts of 
 Chester County, which position he held from March 25, 
 1818, to Feb. 29, 1821, discharging the duties with credit 
 to himself and to the satisfaction of all who were brought in 
 official contact with him. 
 
 Maj. Wersler was a gentleman of the old school. He 
 was courteous and unobtrusive in speech and manners, 
 and abundantly possessed the soul of truth and honor, by 
 which he gained many friends and kept them to the end of 
 
 life. 
 
 WEST, Thomas, of the family of Lord Delaware, mar- 
 ried Ann Gilpin, and had three sons,— William, Thomas, 
 and John, who emigrated to Pennsylvania and settled in 
 
 Chester County. 
 
 William West at first settled in Concord township, 
 but had removed to Springfield as early as 1709, when he 
 married Deborah, the daughter of Bartholomew Coppock. 
 In about a year after his marriage, Bartholomew Coppock, 
 his father-in-law, conveyed to him a farm in Springfield, 
 upon which he resided. He was in membership with 
 Friends, and in 1720 died without children. 
 
 Thomas West, of the parish of Wapping Stepney, 
 county of Middlesex, cooper, son of Thomas, late of Cran- 
 don, in the county of Bucks, was married to Mary Dean, 
 of Shoreditch, at Devonshire house, London, 10, 19, 1709 
 After his arrival here he purchased a small quantity of land 
 in Concord in 1712. The children of Thomas and Mai-y 
 were Thomas, William, Mary, Rachel, Elinor, Elizabeth, 
 and Joseph. The most of this family removed to Wilming- 
 ton about 1736. . 
 
 John West, the father of Benjamin, the P^^nter im- 
 
 -.rated some time after his brothers, Thomas and Wil- 
 
 liam He was born at Long Crandon, in Buckinghamshire, 
 in 1690, and is said to have married before leaving Eng- 
 land, but his wife remained behind, gave birth to a son, 
 and died. This son the father never saw until his return 
 to England, many years afterwards. ^ , ^ „ . 
 
 John West was not a Friend, as represented by Gait and 
 others during the residence of his gifted son in America, 
 :ld :hen he'became a member of that society it was^near 
 the close of his life. He arrived in this country in te 
 year 1715, and some time afterwards married Sarah, the 
 96 
 
 daughter of Thomas Pearson, but this marriage was not 
 accomplislied according to the good order of the Society 
 of Friends. John West probably followed the seas as an 
 occupation for some years. In 1722 he was a resident of 
 Upper Providence, and owner of a small tract of land in 
 that township. On May 29, 1733, he had "taken to 
 ffarm the house with the appurtenances where James Trego 
 Lately Dwelt on the Green near the Courthouse in Chester, 
 where a house of entertainment hath been for some time 
 and now is kepi," and received a license. He continued in 
 this location three years at least. Aug. 30, 1743, he " has 
 Rented a Comoudyas house & all other the Conveanances 
 there and to belonging for a house of Entertainment on 
 the Roade Leading from Darby To Springfield & from 
 thence to Conistogo ; which is of late much frequented by 
 the Duch waggons, to the number of 40 or 50 in a Day." 
 His application for license on this occasion was granted, 
 and it appears by his petition the next year that he was in 
 Newtown township. In 1748 he was succeeded by Jona- 
 than James. 
 
 In 1737 and 1739 he was a taxable in Springfield town- 
 ship, and then it is to be presumed he occupied the farm 
 and dwelling at which his son Benjamin was born ; but 
 he did not own this property, and it has not been ascer- 
 tained that he ever owned land in Chester County, except 
 the small tract in Upper Providence which he first occu- 
 pied. . 
 
 Notwithstanding all that has been said by Gait, in his 
 life of Benjamin West, in respect to the strict Quakerism 
 of the parents of the great painter, the records of the so- 
 ciety have been searched in vain for any evidence to connect 
 his father with the Society of Friends till the year 1759. 
 In that year " John West, with the approbation of New- 
 town Meeting," made application to come under the care of 
 Goshen Monthly Meeting of Friends. The usual commit- 
 tee was appointed to make inquiry in respect to the appli- 
 cant who report to the next meeting "that they under- 
 stand he is at present indisposed in body." This was in 
 the second month, and it was not till the ninth month that 
 he was admitted into membership with Friends. On the 
 nth of 10th month, 1763, he obtained a certificate of re- 
 moval to Philadelphia Monthly Meeting, which he did not 
 produce to that meeting, but "resided chiefly in Maryland 
 or the lower country" till 8th month 10, 1764, when "he 
 had lately embarked for London." The Philadelphia cer- 
 tificate was at this time returned to Goshen Meeting and 
 another requested for him to London by his son Wilham, 
 which was prepared by the meeting and forwarded accord- 
 inclv He died at Marlborough, in Oxfordshire, Oct. 5, 
 ItYg' His wife, Sarah, was born on the 8th of 2d month, 
 1697 in Marple township, and in membership with Friends. 
 Of the ten children of John and Sarah, Benjamin was the 
 
 ^"Sjamin West, son of John West, was born in the 
 township of Springfield, Chester (now Delaware) Co., Oc . 
 10 1738. His native place, on the grounds of Swarth- 
 mo're College, is in view on the north side of the railroad 
 between Media and Philadelphia. In his seventh year he 
 .ave the first indications of his propensity for the pencil. 
 Is he was watching the sleeping infant of his eldest sister 
 
•762 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 it smiled, and, struck with its beauty, he sought some paper 
 and drew its portrait in red and black ink. His talent, as 
 usual,, was cultivated under difficulties. From some In- 
 dians he obtained red and yellow, and his mother gave liim 
 a piece of indigo. A relative, however, having sent him a 
 box of paints and pencils, he opened a, studio in his mother's 
 garret, where he forgot to go to school, and excited both 
 surprise and admiration by his performances. His indul- 
 gent mother kissed him with rapture on beholding them, 
 and procured a pardon from his father and teacher for the 
 delinquencies of the truant. With the aid and counten- 
 ance of various patrons, he was encouraged to persevere in 
 his art for several years in his own country. In 1760, by 
 the kindness of some friends, he was enabled to proceed to 
 Italy, and reached Rome July 10th of that year. In 1763 
 he went to London, where the prospect of success induced 
 him to establish himself as a historical painter. Benjamin 
 was engaged to Miss Shewell, of Philadelphia, before he 
 visited Europe, and in 1765 she went to England under the 
 escort of his father. 
 
 Tradition gives a pleasant account of the affair. We are 
 told that the lady's family were very much opposed to 
 the match, and with a view to prevent it her brother under- 
 took to be her custodian, and kept her in her chamber 
 under lock and key. Being of age. Miss Shewell was not 
 disposed to yield to such arbitrary treatment. She resolved 
 to go to her betrothed, inasmuch as he could not conve- 
 niently come for her. The gentlemen of her acquaintance 
 sympathized with her, and determined to secure her passage 
 in a ship then about to sail for England. They verified the 
 saying that " Love laughs at locksmiths," and applied such 
 apparatus as enabled the lady to descend from her prison 
 by night, through the chamber window, in time to take her 
 departure, under the auspices of Mr. West, Sr., — her in- 
 tended husband's father, — who sanctioned the procedure, and 
 accompanied her to England. There the old gentleman 
 first saw his eldest son, then past the meridian of life. 
 Among the liberators of Miss Shewell, it is said, was a 
 reverend gentleman, then very young, and subsequently 
 known as the excellent Bishop White, of this diocese, who, 
 as the story goes, always justified the deed, and declared he 
 would do so again under the same circumstances. The 
 artistic career of Benjamin West in England is too well 
 known to require a detailed history here. He was some- 
 what of a favorite with George III., though his political 
 sympathies were always with his native land. In the time 
 of the Fourth George, or Prince Regent, Benjamin was ad- 
 vised, as president of the Royal Academy, to be present at 
 a public exhibition, inasmuch as Majesty was to be there 
 and would expect his attendance. He was assured that the 
 prince, out of regard for his age and infirmities, would 
 probably dispense with the usual etiquette on such occa- 
 sions. His reply indicated the feeling which influenced 
 him, and the extent of his reliance on such promises. " No,'' 
 said the old man ; " it is now many years since I have had 
 cause to know the wisdom of David's advice, — ' Put not 
 your trust in princes.' " His valuable life was terminated 
 on the 11th of March, 1820, in the eighty-second year of 
 his age ; and if the mother of the Gracchi was excusable 
 for the parade of her famous "jewels," surely the ancient 
 
 county of Chester may venture to present such a son as 
 Benjamin West. 
 
 WHELEN, Dennis, married Ann, daughter of John 
 Townsend, of Westtown, and he not being a Friend, she 
 was disowned, 8, 8, 1739, on account of her marriage. In 
 1741 she was received again into membership, and at 
 Goshen Monthly Meeting, 2, 16, 1744, "Dennis Wheelan, 
 with the approbation of Uwchlan Preparative Meeting, 
 Requesteth to be joyned in society with us, who is also 
 Received, as his Conversation Proves agreeable with our 
 Principles." 
 
 He was a tavern-keeper at various places, and was in 
 West Nantmeal for several years after 1747, but about 
 1764 occupied the Red Lion, in Uwchlan. This last prop- 
 erty he continued to own, though others were the landlords, 
 until his death. He married a second wife, Sarah Thomp- 
 son, 11, 8, 1749, and his death occurred in 1782. 
 
 His children were Mary, b. 1, 28, 1740 ; John, b. 6, 19, 
 1742, d. 2, 2, 1794, m. Martha Eldridge ; Catharine, b. 
 9, 23, 1744, m. William Clayton; Phebe, b. 8, 21, 1746, 
 m. Richard Evans; Ann, b. 8, 13, 1750; Israel, b. 12, 13, 
 17.52, m. Mary Downing; Isaac, b. 8, 3, 1754; Sarah, b. 
 
 11, 20, 1756, m. Lewis; Townsend, a physician, died 
 
 about 1790, unmarried;- Dennis. 
 
 The children of John and Martha (Eldridge) Whelen 
 were Dennis, b. 5, 5, 1764, m. Mary Downing; James, b. 
 3, 21, 1767 ; Joseph, b. 9, 21, 1769 ; Ann,-b. 9, 19, 1773, 
 m. William Cox; Sarah, b. 5, 16, 1776; Phebe, b. 12, 8, 
 1778; Ann, b. 3, 26, 1782. 
 
 Dennis Whelen, son of John, we believe to have been 
 the founder of the Chester and Delaware Federalist, after- 
 wards the Village Record. His wife was probably the 
 daughter of John Downing, but there seems to be some 
 confusion in the records. 
 
 WHITE, Rev. Robert, was born in Montgomery Co , 
 Pa., about the year 1785 ; received his classical and mathe- 
 matical education at Norristown ; studied theology under 
 the direction of Rev. Nathan Grier, of Rrandywine Manor, 
 and was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of New Cas- 
 tle, April 4, 1809. The same year he married the eldest 
 daughter of his theological preceptor, Mr. Grier. He be- 
 came pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Fagg's Manor 
 Chester Co., in 1810, which relation he sustained until his 
 death, Sept. 20, 1835. 
 
 He was a man of fine talents, an instructive preacher, 
 and a friend of thorough education. He had no desire to 
 gain the applause of man. There was nothing of an af- 
 fected, sanctimonious manner about him. He could not 
 act the part of a hypocrite, and no one could be in his 
 company for any length of time without being impressed 
 with his humble, Christian spirit. Religion with him was 
 a reality, in the pulpit and out of it. It gave direction to 
 all he did and said. The power of his example no man 
 could gainsay. 
 
 As a pastor he was laborious and influential, and he was 
 regarded by his congregation with great affection. He was 
 succeeded at Fagg's Manor by Rev. Alfred Hamilton. One 
 of his sons, Rev. Nathan Grier White, who was licensed 
 to preach Oct. 2, 1833, is pastor of the Presbyterian 
 Church at McConnellsburg, Pa. 
 
■^-»V«?A'«v 
 
 JOHN W. WAGONER. 
 
 John Miller, June 25, 1768, in 
 consideration of eight hundred 
 pounds English sterling, con- 
 veyed fifty acres and a grist-mill 
 in West Cain township to John 
 Wagoner. He died in 1794, 
 leaving the following children : 
 Peter, Gteorge, William, John, 
 Susan (married to John Skiles), 
 and Betsey (married to Andrew 
 Mc&ill). Of these, Peter and 
 William took the property at 
 its appraisement. Peter, after 
 his brother's death by yellow 
 fever, bought out his brother's 
 half and became sole owner. 
 He married Mary Wilson, of 
 Lancaster County, and had 
 eleven children, of whom John 
 Wilson Wagoner, horn Oct. 
 14, 1814, is the youngest. Peter 
 Wagoner died April 1, 1832, 
 and his wife, Mary (Wilson), 
 in 1850. John Wagoner was 
 an emigrant from Germany, 
 and when he bought the place 
 in 1768 the old log bouse, the 
 original residence, was stand- 
 ing, and had been built over 
 fifty years. In this old house 
 John W. was born. He learned 
 
 farming and also the milling 
 business. Was educated in • 
 the common schools. He mar- 
 ried, March 10, 1840, Jane, 
 daughter of James and Sarah 
 Skiles, by whom he had. two 
 children : Sarah, married to 
 Emanuel Hershey, and Mary 
 S., who died in her thirteenth 
 year. His wife, Jane (Skiles), 
 died Feb. 24, 1877. He is a 
 member of the Protestant Epis- 
 copal Church of Compassville, 
 and is treasurer of the same. 
 He is a Kepublican in politics, 
 and was a Whig when that 
 party had its existence. His 
 post-office is Cains, Lancaster 
 Co. He built the present grist- 
 mill in 1840, which is yet in 
 active operation. He owns 
 eighty-one acres of land in 
 Lancaster County, besides 
 another tract of sixty acres in 
 West Cain. The mill property, 
 then having thirty-four acres, 
 he purchased of his brother, 
 and to it has added, making 
 this old homestead to consist 
 of About fifty acres. Besides 
 milling he is a general farmer, 
 and cultivates tobacco very 
 largely. 
 
 ^y?^&i/^ 
 
 
 
 
 >^#«f/rrx*^ JOHNW.WAQONBR^ Compassviue WestCaln 
 
0. L. WOODWARD. 
 
 rd Woodward, son of Robert, of 
 id Manor, New Castle Co., Del,, 
 mingham, Chester Co., married, 
 , Mary, the only heir of Henry 
 )f Thornbury, and at his death, 
 en children, viz.: Henry, John, 
 ,, Thomas, Deborah, Mary, and 
 Of these, Thomas was married 
 1745, to Elizabeth Jacobs, relict 
 I Jacobs and daughter of Boger 
 ]d Elizabeth Richards, at East 
 ;ham Meeting. Thomas was 
 )v. 7, 1722-23, in East Bradford, 
 d June 15, 1785, and his wife, 
 th, was born Feb. 15, 1721, and 
 n. 25, 1812. Roger Kirk, from 
 , North Ireland, was among the 
 s of Nottingham, and located in 
 3ttingham as early as 1712, and 
 ied large tracts of land. He mar- 
 lizabeth Richards about 1714, 
 ighter of Nathaniel and Mary 
 Is, of Ashton township. Na- 
 
 was a blacksmith, and her 
 ither was Joseph Richards, who, 
 s wife Jane, came from England, 
 tied in Chichester township (now 
 ,re County). Richard conveyed 
 m«s Woodward, Dec. 12, 1740, 
 ndred acres in East Bradford. 
 s was a Friend (member of Con- 
 ontbly Meeting), and obtained 
 tiflcate of removal to New Gar- 
 9nthly Meeting, dated April 5, 
 hich was about the time he set- 
 East Marlborough, and became 
 ber of Londongrove Particular 
 g. He resided on Street road, 
 u three-quarters miles from the 
 g-house. He was engaged in 
 iding. alflo in surveying and 
 Eincing. He held negro slaves, 
 ter hearing John Woolman, a 
 preacher of Friends and an anti- 
 man, preach against the sin of 
 
 bondage, he liberated them. 
 9 had children, viz. : Rebecca, 
 >th, Samuel, Thomas, Deborah, 
 
 Q ^ . 7>/^^W^^y 
 
 Timothy, and Susanna. Of these, 
 Thomas was horn March 17, 17S3, and 
 died June 2, 1837. He was married 
 Oct. 15, 1777, at Londongrove, to Mary, 
 daughter of Ellis and Susanna Pusey, 
 of West Fallowfleld. She was born 
 March 12, 1756, and died Aug. 16, 1838. 
 He was a farmer, and remained on the 
 homestead. Their children were Deb- 
 orah, Susanna, Elizabeth, Ellis, Thomas, 
 Mary, Joshua, Ann, and Iiydia. Of 
 these, Joshua was born Feb. 9, 1792, and 
 died Deo. 30, 1852. He was married 
 Oct. 17, 1821, at Londongrove, to Be- 
 becca, daughter of John and Mary Nutt. 
 She died Deo. 17,1822, and he was the 
 second time married, to Rebecca, daugh- 
 ter of Isaac and Sarah Lewis. She was 
 born Sept. 17, 1797, and died Dec. 19, 
 18.33. His third wife was Ellen Todd, 
 who died Sopt. 20, 1853. Joshua Wood- 
 ward's children were Mary, born Dec. 
 8, 1822, and married Jan. 9, 1855, to 
 Caleb Wood ; Owen Lewis, born Aug. 
 12, 1829, and married Oct. 2, 1865, to 
 Sarah, daughter of George and Hannah 
 Balston, born Feb. 13, 1831 ; and Sarah 
 Ann, born Oct. 26, 1831, and married 
 Dec. 30, 1868, to Nathan G. Bnckwalter, 
 son of Christopher and Mary Bnckwal- 
 ter. Owen Lewis Woodward has one 
 child, H. Bell Woodward, born July 14, 
 1856. Joshua, father of O. L., removed 
 to West Vincent, April 1, 1829, and pur- 
 chased of Henry Kurtz a farm of one 
 liundred and ihirty-four acres, but 
 which now contains one hundred and 
 fortyftcres. OwenLewisreceivedacom- 
 mon-schoul education in his youth. He 
 is a general farmer, and has made many 
 additions to his buildings and improve- 
 ments to the farm. He is a Republican, 
 and has served eight years on the ex- 
 ecutive county committee of his party. 
 He is a director in the Farmers* and 
 Mechanics* National Bank of Fhoenix- 
 ville, and was for ten yeais also in the 
 Iron Bank of the same borough. 
 
 RESIDENCE OP O. L. WOODWARD, WEST VINCENT. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 763 
 
 WICKERSHAM, Thomas, of Bolney, in Sussex, Eng- 
 land, came to Pennsylvania iu 1700, bringing a certificate 
 from the Monthly Meeting held at Horsham, in that county, 
 7, 11, 1700. This ancient document is now in possession 
 of Caleb P. Wickersham, of Kennet Square. He settled 
 in East Marlborough, and there died in the 4th month 
 (June), 1730. His first wife, Ann, was probably related 
 to Humphrey Killenbeck, who gave land to her children. 
 His second wife, Alice Hogg, came with him, but her chil- 
 dren were born here. 
 
 The children of Thomas by both wives were as follows : 
 Humphrey, b. 1687, died young; Thomas, b. 7, 19, 1691, 
 m. Abigail Johnson, and died in 1726, leaving children ; 
 John, b. 9, 4, 1693, married and left children; Ann, b. 2, 
 
 27, 1696; Alice, b. 7, 14, 1701, m. William Wilton; 
 Richard, b. 8, 11, 1703, m. Catharine Johnson, 7, 16, 
 1730, and Elizabeth McNabb, 1, 14, 1740 ; William, b. 2, 
 3, 1706, m. Rachel Hayes, 3, 26, 1730; Elizabeth, b. 11, 
 13, 1708-9, m. Hugh Harry, 1, 4, 1731 ; James, b. about 
 1712, d. 4, 12, 1804 ; Rebecca, b. 4, 1, 1715 ; Isaac, b. 1. 
 
 28, 1721. 
 
 James Wickersham, of East Marlborough, inherited the 
 homestead on payment of legacies. He married, 2, 22, 1 736, 
 Ann Eachus, of Springfield, daughter of Robert, deceased, 
 and Elizabeth, of Goshen, by whom he had the following 
 children : Abel, Enoch, Jesse, James, John, Thomas, Sam- 
 son, Abner, Priscilla, and Elizabeth. 
 
 William and Rachel (Hayes) Wickersham had sons, — 
 William, b. 7, 20, 1740, d. 8, 2, 1822, and Peter, b. 2, 16, 
 1743. William, Jr., married Eiizabetli Pusey, daughter 
 of William, of West Marlborough, and settled in Newlin 
 township. His children were Caleb, Mary, Rachel, Wil- 
 liam, Amos, Thomas, Enoch, Hannah, Reuben, Elizabeth, 
 and Jane. Caleb, the eldest, born 2, 25, 1765, married, 
 11, 5, 1789, Rachel Swayne, of East Marlborough, daughter 
 of Samuel and Hannah. Their children were Hannah, 
 Joshua, Ann, Caleb, b. 12, 10, 1796, d. 1874, m. Abigail 
 Pyle ; Phebe, Esther, Samuel, Nathan, Eliza, and Swayne. 
 
 Caleb and Abigail (Pyle) Wickersham had children, — 
 James P., Henry N., Louisa, Charles B., Swayne, Sarah, 
 William H., Lydia B., Morris, and Edward. 
 
 James PriE Wickersham, LL.D., was bom in New- 
 lin township, Chester Co., March 5, 1825. He is the son 
 of Caleb Wickersham, the fifth in descent from Thomas 
 Wickersham, who bought a tract of land in Marlborough 
 township in 1700, and soon after settled upon it and built 
 a house, which is still standing, one of the oldest, if not the 
 oldest house in the county. His mother was a daughter 
 of James Pyle, also of old Quaker stock. His edu- 
 cation was obtained mainly in common schools and at the 
 Unionville Academy. At the age of sixteen he began to 
 teach school, and while he taught he worked harder than 
 any of his pupils, and by the time he was twenty he had 
 become a good general scholar, being well versed in mathe- 
 matics and in some of the natural sciences, and reading 
 with facility several of the ancient and modern languages. 
 
 As a teacher, Mr. Wickersham's success was marked 
 from the beginning. The common schools he taught were 
 considered among the very best. In 1845 he became prin- 
 cipal of the Marietta Academy, Lancaster County, in winch 
 
 position he was very successful, and remained ten years. 
 Upon the establishment of the office he was elected 
 county superintendent of schools iu the county where he 
 lived, and a year thereafter founded the Normal Institute, 
 at Millersvilie, out of which has eventually developed the 
 first State Normal School in Pennsylvania, and, in ikct, the 
 whole normal school system. In 1 856 he became the perma- 
 nent principal of this school, and made it, in the ten years he 
 remained at its head, one of the most flourishing institutions 
 in the county, running the number of students in attend- 
 ance up to a thousand. In 1866 he accepted the position of 
 State superintendent of common schools, tendered him by 
 Governor Curtin, and until the present year remained in 
 charge of the school afiairs of the Commonwealth, receiving 
 appointments successively from Governors Geary, Hartranfc, 
 and Hoyt, and always being confirmed unanimously by the 
 Senate. During his administration Pennsylvania has made 
 great progress in her school affairs, and is now the ac- 
 knowledged peer in this respect of any State in the Union. 
 The educational exhibition made under his direction at tlie 
 Centennial was unequaled by that of any other State or 
 nation. While holding his place as State superintendent, 
 he has been repeatedly offered positions of an honorable and 
 lucrative character in other States and abroad, among them 
 that of Minister of Public Instruction in the Argentine 
 Republic, under President Sarmiento, who was his personal 
 friend. 
 
 Mr. Wickersham helped form the Lancaster County 
 Teachers' Association, the Pennsylvania State Teachers' 
 Association, the National Educational Association, and the 
 National Superintendents' Association, of each of which he 
 was among the earliest presidents. Some of his addresses 
 before these bodies have been widely circulated in this 
 country and translated into other languages and published 
 abroad. The two works he wrote while principal of the 
 Normal School, " School Economy" and " Methods of In- 
 struction," have been more widely read at home than any 
 other books of their class, and the " School Economy" has 
 been translated into the French, Spanish, and Japanese 
 languages. In addition to these works, he has written 
 largely for the educational press, and has prepared and pub- 
 lished fifteen volumes of common school and nine volumes 
 of orphan school reports. Since 1870 he has been editor 
 of the Pennsylvania School Journal, the most widely- cir- 
 culated educational magazine in the country. 
 
 Mr. Wickersham has been active outside of his chosen 
 field of labor. In 1863 he raised and commanded a three 
 months' regiment of soldiers. Soon after his return from 
 the army he prepared, at the request of Governor Curtin, 
 the original bill providing for the education and mainte- 
 nance of the destitute orphan children of soldiers ; and in 
 1871 the Legislature placed the whole care of the soldiers' 
 orphans in his hands, and he has expended in their behalf 
 four millions of dollars. He is a member of the State 
 Board of Agriculture, a trustee in the boards of three or 
 four colleges, and a director of several large business enter- 
 prises. 
 
 WILKINSON, Joseph, brought a certificate from Bal- 
 lynaoree, Ireland, to Bradford Monthly Meeting, 12, 16, 
 1737. Evan Wilkinson produced one to the same meeting. 
 
764 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 5,21, 1*737; Samuel, one to Sadsbury, 12, 6, 1737-8, 
 from the same place, dated 2, 23, 1737 ; and Ann Wilkin- 
 son, one to Bradford, 4, 15, 1738. These were probably 
 brothers and a sister, who all came over together, but, owing 
 to uncertainty of settlement, did not present their certiQ- 
 cates at the same time. Joseph Wilkinson was married, 
 10, 31, 1740, to Elizabeth Fisher, daughter of Thomas and 
 Elizabeth, of Kennet. He settled in East Cain, but after- 
 wards resided at other places. He died 9, 10, 1760, 
 having had the following children: Francis, b. 12, 15, 
 1741 ; Susanna, b. 12, 29, 1743 ; Thomas, b. 12, 5, 1745 ; 
 Elizabeth, b. 6, 30, 1748 ; Joseph, b. 7, 17, 1750 ; Mary, b. 
 3, 20, 1752 ; Ruth, b. 7, 27, 1754 ; Alice, b. 12, 10, 1755. 
 
 Of these, Francis married, 4, 11, 1770, Hannah Mode, 
 daughter of Alexander and Rebecca, of East Fallowfield, 
 and settled in Londongrove. Their children were Rebecca, 
 m. to William Hoopes ; Elizabeth, m. to James Trimble ; 
 Joseph ; Hannah, m. to Joseph Pennock ; Francis, m. to 
 Phebe Pusey ; Susanna, m. to Moses Way ; Mode ; Amy, 
 m. to Thomas Hicks ; William ; Ruth, m. to John Edge. 
 
 WILLIAMS. — This is a very common name among the 
 Welsh settlers, and it must not be inferred that all are of 
 the same family. 
 
 Robert William, of Merion, widower, was married at 
 the house of Hugh Roberts, 4, 19, 1691, to Gwen Cadwal- 
 ader. About the year 1700 they were settled in Goshen, 
 probably on land then of Griffith Owen, at or near the 
 present Goshen Friends' Meeting. He was sometimes 
 called the King of Goshen, and it is claimed that he was 
 the first settler in the township. Tradition says their first 
 residence was a cave, and that on occasion, when their 
 hearth-fire went out, he had to go seven miles to get it re- 
 newed. Goshen Meeting was held first, it is believed, at 
 his house, though the record says at the Rouse of Griffith 
 Owen, but the latter doubtless lived in Philadelphia. In 
 1715 they lived in Uwchlan township, and in that year 
 conveyed the Goshen homestead to their son Ellis. Though 
 he had considerable land in Goshen, he appears to have 
 been in straitened circumstances, so that in 1702 Friends 
 of Haverford contributed £19 9d 8s. to him to build a 
 new house, he having received Friends " kindly and open- 
 hearted," and keeping the meeting in his house. In 1710, 
 Edward Roberts complained of him for debt, and the meet- 
 ing advised him to sell some of his land to pay it, and even 
 appointed persons to assist him in doing it. He died in 
 1734, at the age of eighty-seven years. His children, so far as 
 known, were, — 1. Elizabeth, m. to William Philips, 1708; 
 
 2. Ellis, who died 1756, m. Mary about 1712 ; she died 
 
 2, 7, 1753 ; 3. Lewis, m. about 1720, to Ann, daughter of 
 
 James Thomas; 4. John, perhaps a son, m. Jane ; 5. 
 
 Ann, b. 1700, m. Griffith John ; 6. William, m. 10, 3, 1723, 
 at Uwchlan Meeting, Joan Pugh, daughter of James Pugh, 
 of Uwchlan, d. in Vincent, 7, 17, 1744; 7. Grace, b. 3, 
 12, 1707, m. John Meredith; 8. Hannah, m. John 
 Morgan, Nov. 9, 1723; 9. Sarah, b. 1712, m. Timothy 
 Kirk. 
 
 Ellis and Mary Williams had issue, — 1 0. Robert, b. 6, 
 29, 1715; 11. Esther, b. 11, 11, 1718; 12. Mary, b. 1,3, 
 1720, m. Thomas Garrett; 13. Ellis; 14. Isaac, b. 7, 16, 
 1722, m. Esther Davies. 
 
 Children of Lewis and Ann William : 15. Mary, b. 2, 
 
 16. 1721, d. 8th mo., 1722 ; 16. Nathan, b. 8, 19, 1722; 
 
 17. Lewis, son of Lewis, of Willistown, m. 1, 13, 1763, at 
 Goshen Meeting, to Miriam Lewis, daughter of Thomas ; 
 
 18. Abraham, and perhaps others. 
 
 Ellis Williams (13), son of Ellis and Mary, of Goshen, 
 married, 2, 1, 1748, Lydia Haines, daughter of Isaac and 
 Catharine, of Goshen, and had children, — Jesse, Ellis, 
 Isaac, Nathan, Jane, and Lydia. Ellis (3) m. Jane Gar- 
 retell, 19, 1789, and had Lydia, Mary, Jesse, Ellis, Josiah, 
 Nathan, Garrett, and Jane. The fourth Ellis, b. 11, 24, 
 1797, d. 12, 28, 1874. He and his father were the sex- 
 tons at Goshen for a long period, and buried hundreds of 
 bodies there. 
 
 Lewis Williams (17) had children, — Issachar, George, 
 
 Enoch, Thomas, Tacy (who married Goodwin), and 
 
 Abraham. 
 
 Abraham Williams, born 12, 26, 1783, d. 9, 3, 1862, 
 married Rachel, daughter of Richard and Hannah White, 
 born 8, 12, 1781, died 9, 13, 1850. He was a miller, and 
 for many years operated Taylor's mill, in East Bradford. 
 Afterwards he owned land and resided in Westtown, near 
 Hemphill Station. His children were Lewis W., b. 12, 20, 
 1804, d. 9, 19, 1873; Hannah, b. 8, 11, 1807, m. John 
 T. Haines ; Richard W., b. 7, 31, 1809 ; Enoch, b. 6, 8, 
 1814, deceased ; Ann T., b. 4, 11, 1818. 
 
 " Lewis White Williams departed this life at his residence, near 
 the borough of West Chester, yesterday morning, 19tb inst., after a 
 prolonged and painful illness of some months. He was born in East 
 Goshen township, Chester Co., on the 20th of December, 1804, and 
 at the time of his death was in the sixty-ninth year of his age. For 
 many years he resided by turns in Delaware and Chester Counties, 
 where he was engaged in teaching, a business for which he was emi- 
 nently fitted by his genial disposition. 
 
 " When the Chester County Cabinet of Natural Sciences was or 
 ganized in 1826, he was one of its eai-liest and most ardent members, 
 and chose mineralogy for his branch of study. For his untiring in- 
 dustry in collecting, and acumen in discovering and developing the 
 mineral treasures of this region, mineralogists are under many obli- 
 gations, while foreign cabinets, as well as those of this country, are 
 graced by the magnificent specimens collected and distributed by him 
 with no miserly hand. His minerulogical expeditions were not con- 
 fined to this region alone, but extended north and south into neigh- 
 boring States and Territories. In 1857 he was appointed by the 
 Euchanan administration assistant geologist and naturalist in what 
 was termed 'The Camel Expediton,' under Lieut. Beale, U.S.A., to 
 reconnoitre and lay out a wagon-road on the 32d parallel, from Texas 
 to California. He entered on this work with enthusiasm, and he often 
 related his escapes from Indians after having wandered from the train 
 in search of minerals and fossils. His labors were frequently ac- 
 knowledged in scientific publications, and his opinions on minerals 
 and mineral localities were frequently sought by scientists and others. 
 As a slight acknowledgment of his labors in the cause. Prof. Shepard 
 named a variety of precious serpentine (WiUiamsite) after its dis- 
 coverer. 
 
 " Like a true votary of science, he loved mineralogy for the mental 
 pleasure and gratification it afforded, and not for the paltry dollars 
 and cents which it occasionally threw in his way, a trait of character 
 possessed by a class of naturalists now almost extinct. He was sin- 
 cere in his attachments, and to those he especially regarded as among 
 his scientific friends he was generous in the extreme." 
 
 W. D. H. 
 
 Rev. Joshua Williams, D.D., was the son of Lewis 
 Williams, an emigrant from Wales, and was born in the 
 Great Valley, Chester Co., Pa., Aug. 8, 1761. "When he 
 was about two years of age his father removed to York Co. 
 Pa. He graduated at Dickinson College, Carlisle,— theti 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 765 
 
 under the presidency of Dr. Charles Nisbet, — in the year 
 1M5, in the same class with Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, 
 who ever retained a kindly remembrance of him. 
 
 In 1798 he was licensed to preach by the Carlisle Pres- 
 bytery. In 1799 he became pastor of the congregations of 
 Derry and Paxton, in Dauphin County, where he remained 
 about two years. In 1802 he took charge of the Presby- 
 terian Church at Big Springs, in Cumberland County, and 
 served it as pastor until 1829, when, on account of bodily 
 infirmity, he resigned. He died Aug. 21, 1838, and was 
 interred in the Big Spring churchyard. 
 
 His talents and attainments were such as to command 
 the highest respect from all who knew him. His intellec- 
 tual powers were naturally strong and vigorous, and his 
 judgment was sound and discriminating. He was familiar 
 with the science of mental philosophy, and had a remarka- 
 ble taste for metaphysical discussions. He was learned and 
 able in his profession, and highly instructive in his dis- 
 coui-ses. 
 
 WILLIAMSON, Daniel, came from England under 
 contract to work for Robert Taylor, and doubtless came 
 from the same county, Chester, and in the year 1682. 
 His sister Mary was the wife of John Howell, and married 
 a second husband, Walter Marten, of Chichester. Daniel 
 received from Robert Taylor 50 acres of land for his ser- 
 vices, and he also received 50 acres from the proprietary 
 for coming as a servant. The whole 100 acres were located 
 in Marple, Oct. 22, 1683, with 300 of John Howell's, and 
 patented to the latter. 
 
 Daniel married Mary Smith in 1685 and settled in New- 
 town. His death occurred in 1727, while he was a mem- 
 ber of Assembly. His children were Robert, b. 10, 3, 
 1686, m. Hannah Coppock ; Daniel, b. 8, 6, 1688, m. 
 Hannah Malin ; John, b. 7, 11, 1690, m. Sarah Smedley; 
 Mary, b. 7, 25, 1692, m. Myriok Davies; Thomas, b. 10, 
 10, 1694, m. Ann Malin; Joseph, b. 2, 25, 1697, m. 
 Mary Yearsley (?) ; Margaret, b. 12, 12, 1698, m. Joshua 
 Thomson ; Abigail, b. 7, 16, 1702, d. 12, 28, 1775, m. 
 John Yamall and William Garrett. 
 
 John Williamson was a somewhat prominent minister 
 among Friends, and resided in Newtown. His children 
 
 were Mary, m. to Abraham Hoopes ; Sarah, m. to 
 
 Calvert ; Margaret, m. to John Brinton ; Alice, m. to Be- 
 
 naniel Lownes and Buckley ; Esther, m. to Samuel 
 
 Mendenhall ; Jane, m. to Robert Regester and Abel Green; 
 John, m. to Elizabeth Buckley ; Daniel. 
 
 Thomas and Ann (Malin) Williamson had children,— 
 Margaret, m. to Nathan Hoopes ; Ann ; Thomas, m. to Ab- 
 igail Jefferis ; Mary, Daniel, William, and Robert. Wil- 
 liam was born Aug. 5, 1731, and died February, 1815. 
 He first married his cousin, Sarah, daughter of Abraham 
 and Mary Hoopes, by whom he had a son, Abraham, who 
 married Esther James, 9, 18, 1777. William married a 
 second wife, Phebe, daughter of Augustine and Hannah 
 Passmore, born 9, 11, 1763, by whom he had Sarah, b. 
 August, 1789, d. July 18, 1865, m. Abraham Hoopes ; 
 Passmore, b. Oct. 8, 1790, d. July 11, 1819, unmarried; 
 Phebe, b. May 26, 1792, d. Feb. 19, 1866, unmarried ; 
 William, b. Feb. 20, 1794, d. July 25, 1866 ; Thomas, b. 
 March 3, 1796, d. Aug. 26, 1771 ; Cheyney, b. March 22, 
 
 1798, d. Feb. 7, 1833, m. Sarah Howard; Augustine, b. 
 Oct. 14, 1803. 
 
 Of these, William Williamson, Esq., of the bar, was one 
 of the leading citizens of West Chester, and took an active 
 part in matters of public welfare. He married, March 7, 
 1822, Esther, daughter of Jesse Good, and had children, — 
 Edward H., Caroline M., Elizabeth G., and Clara. His 
 widow died Jan. 22, 1873. 
 
 Thomas Williamson, his brother, was a conveyancer, 
 doing an extensive business. He married Elizabeth Pyle 
 and Deborah M. GarrigueSj and died in Philadelphia. He 
 was the father of Passmore Williamson. 
 
 Hugh Williamson was born, of Scotch-Irish parents, 
 in the township of West Nottingham, Chester Co., Dec. 
 5, 1735. These Scotch-Irish immigrants have been re- 
 markable in our country for their enterprise, and for the 
 intellectual development of their descendants. His father, 
 John Williamson (who had been a clothier in Dublin), came 
 to Chester County about the year 1730. His mother, Mary 
 Davidson, was a native of Derry ; came hither with her 
 father, George Davison, while a child about three years of 
 age. She died about 1804, in her ninetieth year. The 
 parents of Hugh Williamson were married in 1731. They 
 had ten children, — six sons and four daughters. Hugh was 
 their eldest son. Being slender and delicate, his father re- 
 solved to give him a liberal education. After the common 
 preparatory instruction, he was sent at an early age to learn 
 the languages, at the academy at New London Cross-roads, 
 under Rev. Francis Alison, the Busby of the Western 
 hemisphere. Among the pupils of that seminary may be 
 mentioned Charles Thomson, Dr. John Ewing, Thomas 
 McKean, Benjamin Rush, etc. After Dr. Alison's trans- 
 fer to Philadelphia, Hugh Williamson went to the academy 
 at Newark, Del.', where he prepared for college. He en- 
 tered the Philadelphia College in 1753, remained there 
 about four years, and graduated A.B. May 17, 1757. He 
 was fond of mathematics, and became a proficient in Euclid. 
 His father (who had, shortly before this, removed to Ship- 
 pensburg, Cumberland Co., Pa.) died the year Hugh 
 graduated, as above ; whereupon he became sole executor, 
 and resided with his mother about two years, settling his 
 father's estate. He became early impressed with a sense of 
 relio-ion, and while with his mother devoted much time to 
 the study of divinity, under the auspices of the Rev. Dr. 
 Samuel Finley, with a view to the clerical profession. In 
 1759, Hugh went to Connecticut, where he still pursued 
 his theological studies, and was licensed to preach the gos- 
 pel. He preached but a short time, not exceeding two 
 years, when he found that his health and strength of 
 lungs would not permit the duties of the office, and he was 
 never ordained. Moreover, the memorable controversy in 
 the Presbyterian Church between the adherents of White- 
 field and the old Orthodox party proved a source of disgust 
 to him, which induced him to withdraw from theological 
 pursuits, to which he was sincerely attached. He accord- 
 ingly left the pulpit, and entered upon the study of medicine. 
 
 In 1760 he received the degree of A.M. in Philadelphia 
 College, and soon after was appointed Professor of Math- 
 ematics in that institution, but continued his medical 
 studies. 
 
766 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Oct. 8, 1763, he gave notice of his intended resignation 
 of the professorship, and in 1764 he went to prosecute his 
 medical studies at the University of Edinburgh. He after- 
 wards spent a year in London at his studies, and from thence 
 crossed over to Holland, and completed his medical educa- 
 tion at Utrecht. Having passed the usual examination, 
 and submitted a Latin thesis, he obtained the degree of 
 Doctor of Medicine. Having spent some time in traveling 
 on the continent of Europe, he bent his course towards his 
 native country. 
 
 Upon his return, Dr. Williamson practiced medicine in 
 Philadelphia for a few years. In 1768 he was chosen a 
 member of the American Philosophical Society. His 
 health failing, he resolved to try mercantile pursuits, but 
 meanwhile for a time devoted himself to literary and phil- 
 investigations. In January, 1769, he was ap- 
 
 eiforts for the academy. Dr. Williamson was the first to 
 report the destruction of the tea at Boston. On that occa- 
 sion he ventured to declare his opinion that coercive meas- 
 ures by Parliament would result in civil war. Lord North 
 himself declared that Dr. Williamson was the first person 
 who, in his hearing, intimated the probability of such an 
 event. Dr. Williamson, while in London, was the man 
 (probably with the aid or at the suggestion of Mr., after- 
 wards Sir John Temple) who procured the letters of Hutch- 
 inson, Oliver, etc., and caused them to be delivered to Dr. 
 Franklin, who sent them to Boston, for which Wedder- 
 burne, before the Privy Council, called Franklin a thief, — 
 or, in other words, Homo trium Literarum [f U r]. 
 
 After causing the Hutchinson correspondence to reach 
 Dr. Franklin, it was deemed expedient by Dr. Williamson 
 to take an early conveyance next day for Holland. It was 
 
 HUGH WILLIAMSON. 
 
 pointed by the Philosophical Society on a committee, with 
 the Kev. Dr. Ewing, David Rittenhouse, and Charles 
 Thomson, to observe the transit of Venus, which occurred 
 on June 3d in that year ; and soon after to observe the tran- 
 sit of Mercury, which took place Nov. 9, 1769. In that 
 year, also, he philosophized on the comet. In 1770 he 
 published observations on climate in the American PhUo- 
 sopMcal Transactions. In 1772 he visited the West In- 
 dies to collect contributions in aid of the Newark Academy^ 
 In 1773, Governor John Penn certified to the " good credit 
 and reputation" of Rev. John Ewing and Dr. Hugh Wil- 
 liamson, who were authorized to proceed to Europe and 
 solicit further aid for said academy. They persevered un- 
 der difiiculties until the autumn of 1775, when hostilities 
 with the colonies commenced. Dr. Ewing returned home, 
 but Dr. Williamson resolved to remain and make further 
 
 supposed by John Adams that Mr. David Hartley, a mem- 
 ber of Parliament, and a good friend of the Americans, 
 was the person through whom the letters reached Dr. 
 Franklin. 
 
 On the Declaration of Independence, Dr. Williamson 
 returned to the United States, and engaged for a "time with 
 a brother in trade with the West Indies. His residence 
 then was at Edenton, N. C. In 1779-80, when the British 
 took possession of Charleston, S. C, a large draft of militia 
 from North Carolina was ordered for the relief of South 
 Carolina ; on which occasion the commander, Governor 
 Caswell, placed Dr. Williamson at the head of the medical 
 department. After the battle of Camden, Aug. 18, 1780, 
 which the doctor witnessed, he requested Gen. Caswell to 
 give him a flag, that he might go and attend to the 
 wounded North Carolina prisoners. The general advised 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 767 
 
 liim to send some of the regimental surj^eons, inasmuch as 
 his duty did not require him to go. .Dr. Williamson re- 
 plied that such of the regimental surgeons as he had seen 
 refused to go, afraid of the consequences. " But," said he, 
 " if I have lived until a flag will not protect me, I have 
 outlived my country, and in that case have lived a day 
 too long." He went, and remained two months in the 
 enemy's camp, rendering good service to the sick of both 
 armies, where his skill was highly esteemed. At the close 
 of the war Dr. Williamson served as a representative of 
 Edenton in the House of Commons of North Carolina. 
 
 He was next sent to Congress from the "old North 
 State," where he continued for three years. Writing to 
 President Dickinson, of Pennsylvania, from Now York, 
 while in Congress, Jan. 14, 1785, about John Franklin 
 and the other Connecticut intruders at Wyoniino-, Dr. Wil- 
 liamson says, in the conclusion of a letter, "1 have taken 
 the liberty of giving you the above information, as I can- 
 not cease to feel myself interested in the peace and reputa- 
 tion of a State which gave mo birth." In the year 1786 
 he was one of the few delegates sent to Annapolis to revise 
 and amend the Articles of Confederation of the Union ; and 
 in 1787 he was a delegate from North Carolina to the Con- 
 vention which formed the Constitution of the United 
 States. Dr. Williamson was a zealous advocate of the new 
 Constitution, and was a member of the State Convention, 
 in 1789, which adopted it. He served in the First and 
 Second Congresses, and then declined a re-election. 
 
 In January, 1789, he married Miss Maria Apthorpe, 
 of New York, where he came to reside, and had two sons, 
 who both died young. He continued industriously to 
 write on various philosophical subjects ; was an early advo- 
 cate of the great New York Canal system ; an active pro- 
 moter of philanthropic, literary, and scientific institutions ; 
 and in 1812 gave to the world his " History of North 
 Carolina." After a long life, devoted to the best interests 
 of humanity. Dr. Hugh William.son died suddenly at New 
 York on May 22,1819, in the eighty-fifth year of his 
 age. Of him it may be safely predicated that he was an 
 ornament of our common country, and one of the most 
 eminent and useful men which the ancient county of Ches- 
 ter has yet produced. For an interesting account of Dr. 
 W^illiamson, see Dr. Hosack's memoir, in the Transactions 
 of the New York Historical Society. 
 
 WILLS, Michael, from Rathdrum, county of Wick- 
 low, Ireland, came to Chester County in 1728, and settled 
 in Whiteland at first, but appears to have lived afterwards 
 in Lower Merion, (now) Montgomery County, his will, 
 dated 1748, devising personal property to heirs in that lo- 
 cality. His son Michael married Jane. Mather, ten years 
 his junior, whose family emigrated at the same time. They 
 had three sons — Jeremiah, Michael, and John — and three 
 daughters, who married respectively Michael Mather, Jacob 
 Whiteman, and John Mather. The father died 1794, aged 
 eighty-six, and his widow ten years later, — both buried 
 at Radnor. 
 
 Michael Wills (3), born 1755, married Ann, daughter of 
 Andrew and Elizabeth Keyser Wood, who owned a valua- 
 ble estate in Roxborough, Philadelphia, and to them were 
 born fourteen children, nine of whom — Elizabeth, Andrew 
 
 Jane, William, Mary, Ann, Allen, Rebecca, and Sarah- 
 lived to maturity. Michael died Jan. 15, 1829, and his 
 widow April 29, 1832. 
 
 Their son Andrew, born June 18, 1798, studied medi- 
 cine, graduated at University of Pennsylvania in 1825, and 
 married, Nov. 12, 1826, Sarah Hannum, born May 2, 
 1807, daughter of James Hannum and Sarah (Edge) 
 Reese, who were married Dec. 13, 1803. He practiced 
 medicine in Chester County forty-six years, and died July 
 7, 1871, at Lionville,— buried in cemetery of St. John's 
 Church, NorristowD. 
 
 Elizabeth Wills m. Levi Evans ; Jane m. John B. Hahn ; 
 William m. Elizabeth Marple, and had six children ; Mary 
 m. John Hunter and (second) Francis Parke, and is now a 
 widow, residing in West Chester ; Ann m. John Gorgas, 
 and left one daughter, Susanna, now of West Chester; Re- 
 becca died in her minority, and Sarah never married ; Al- 
 len m. Elizabeth H. Evans, and resided at Downingtown, 
 where he died Oct. 23, 1873. They had six children,— 
 Rebecca, m. Dr. Samuel Ringwalt ; Anna, m. Daniel Baugh ; 
 George, m. Thomazine Zook ; J. Hunter, a store-keeper in 
 Downingtown ; Abner E., of Philadelphia; and Allen W., 
 of Downingtown. 
 
 Dr. Andrew Wills had fourteen children, — Sarah, d. in 
 minority ; Mary, m. Washington T. Koplin, of Norristown ; 
 Morgan R., m. Sept. 6, 1860, Mary Hitner, daughter of 
 Daniel H. Dager, now deceased, of Whitemarsh ; Edward 
 S., m. Fannie Honiiston and (second) Annie Isbell ; Clara, 
 m. Hunter E. Van Leer; Rebecca, m. D. Smith Talbot, Esq., 
 of West Chester ; Andrew was killed at Fort Donelson ; 
 Horace and Francis died young; Ann, m. T. Lewis Vick- 
 ers ; Elizabeth, m. D. Webster Evans ; Florence, m. George 
 R. Hoopes, now sheriflF of Chester County ; Susan died in 
 infancy. 
 
 Morgan Reese Wills, editor and proprietor of the Nor- 
 ristown Herald, was born in West Whiteland, Oct. 21, 1831 , 
 and in his sixteenth year went to learn printing with Caleb 
 N. Thornbury, who started a temperance sheet about that 
 time in the oflSce of the Jeffersonian, at West Chester. This 
 enterprise not succeeding, he entered the oflice of the Regis- 
 ter, at Norristown, and remained till 1853. After a brief 
 residence at Springfield, III., he returned to Norristown, 
 where he has become a prominent journalist. In 1875 he 
 and his wife made a tour of Europe, and were absent about 
 four months, during which time their letters of travel, prin- 
 cipally written by Mrs. Wills, appeared almost weekly in the 
 Herald, and on their return were issued in book form by J. 
 B. Lippincott & Co., bearing the title "A Summer in 
 Europe.'' 
 
 WILSON, Rev. Matthew, D.D., was born in East 
 Nottingham township, Chester Co., Pa., Jan. 15, 1731. 
 He was the son of James Wilson, who migrated to Penn- 
 sylvania from the north of Ireland. He received his aca- 
 demical education in the academy of Dr. Francis Alison, 
 at New London. He was licensed as a. Presbyterian min- 
 ister in April, 1754, and had charge of the congregations 
 of Lewes, Cool Spring, and Indian River, in Delaware. He 
 was regulariy bred to the medical profession, and few phy- 
 sicians of his day had more learning, skill, or success in the 
 healin" art. His medical practice occupied much of his 
 
768 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 time, but such were his perseverance and industry that he 
 acceptably fulfilled the duties of both his professions. He 
 was also considerably skilled in jurisprudence, and highly 
 esteemed for his counsel. He was ingenious, patriotic, and 
 benevolent in an eminent degree, and held a high place in 
 public estimation. In the Revolutionary contest he took 
 the side of his country with great decision, and was zealous 
 in the cause of American independence. He inscribed the 
 word "Liberty" on his cocked bat, that no one might doubt 
 his sentiments. His patriotic efforts were unremitted, and 
 exerted much influence wherever he was known. He was 
 a diligent student to a late period of his life, and seems to 
 have had a habit of reading with pen in hand. The mar- 
 gins of his book were generally filled, sometimes to crowd- 
 ing, with manuscript notes, some of them graphic and 
 interesting. It was common, about the middle of the last 
 century, in printed volumes, to print emphatic words, espe- 
 cially in conspicuous positions, in red ink. Dr. Wilson was 
 fond of introducing this practice into his letters. He was 
 said to have had two inkstands, one of black and the other 
 of red ink, in every room in his house. The degree of 
 Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by the Univer- 
 sity of Pennsylvania in 1786. He died March 30, 1790. 
 He was the father of Rev. James P. Wilson, D.D., who 
 was even more distinguished than his father, and who in 
 learning had few equals. 
 
 Rev. Bird Wilson, D.D., LL.D., was born Jan. 8, 
 1777. He was a son of Hon. James Wilson, one of the 
 leading advocates of the Philadelphia bar, a signer of the 
 Declaration of Independence, a member of the Convention 
 which framed the Constitution of the United States, and 
 one of the committee that reported the draft. In 1789 he 
 was appointed by Washington a judge of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States, and held the office until his 
 death, in 1798. 
 
 Bird Wilson graduated at the University of Pennsylvania 
 in 1792, at the early age of fifteen. He studied law under 
 the direction of Joseph Thomas, of Philadelphia, and soon 
 after his admission to the bar obtained a place in the office 
 of commissioner of bankrupt law. 
 
 In 1806, when only about twenty-nine years of age, he 
 was appointed by Governor McKean president judge of the 
 judicial district composed of the counties of Chester, Dela- 
 ware, Bucks, and Montgomery, then known as the Seventh 
 Circuit, which office he held until 1818, when he laid aside 
 the ermine and became a clergyman of the P]piscopal Church. 
 He was ordained deacon by Bishop White, March 12, 1819, 
 and priest about a year afterwards. 
 
 He became rector of the Episcopal Church in Norristown, 
 where he remained until towards the close of 1821, when 
 he was appointed a professor in the Theological Seminary 
 of the Episcopal Church, in New York. In this position 
 he continued for twenty-nine years. He resigned June 25, 
 1850, and as a token of respect the trustees of the semi- 
 nary appointed him Emeritus Professor in his department. 
 He died in New York, on the 14th of April, 1859, at the 
 age of eighty-two years. 
 
 When he presided over the courts of this county he re- 
 sided at Norristown. 
 
 He was a man of talent, learning, of remarkable mildness 
 
 of manner and amiability of character, united with inflex- 
 ible firmness and decision. As a judge he was distinguished 
 for the soundness of his decisions, and it is said that only 
 one was ever reversed by a superior court. He was held in 
 high respect and esteem for his virtues as a man, and his 
 integrity, uprightness, and ability as a presiding officer of the 
 judiciary department. He is still remembered by many of 
 the older citizens of Chester County. In 1813 he edited 
 an edition of " Bacon's Abridgment of the Law," a stand- 
 ard English work. 
 
 R. P. and J. D. Wilson.—" Shady Home" is the farm 
 of some one hundred and seventy five acres of R. F. and 
 J. D. Wilson, and which has been in their family over a 
 century and a half. James Wilson and Jane, his wife, 
 were emigrants from the north of Ireland, of the Presby- 
 terian faith, and were the first of their family to settle in 
 this county, about 1728. Their children were six, of whom 
 Matthew was born Jan. 15, 1730, was devoted to God be- 
 fore his birth, and afterwards became an eminent Presby- 
 terian clergyman, as was his son, James Patriot, as well as 
 his son of the same name, and all three were respectively hon- 
 ored by colleges with the title of D.D. The second was 
 Mary, born June 3, 1732, married to William Wilson, 
 and left five children. Robert, the third, was born July 6, 
 1735. James, the fourth, born Nov. 14, 1741, was a phy- 
 sician, married, settled in Buckingham, Worcester Co., Md., 
 became wealthy and prominent. The fifth and sixth were 
 John and Rachel, who died young. James, the immi- 
 grant, died Feb. 28, 1747-8, and his wife June 29, 1749,— 
 both buried in Louisville graveyard, in Elk township. 
 Their son, Rev. Matthew Wilson, and his wife were riding 
 on horseback during the Revolutionary war, when a bullet 
 from the British or Tories pierced the horn of her saddle, 
 and on the birth of her child they gave it the name of 
 James Patriot, in token of the war event in which her life 
 was jeopardized, and the child so named became a distin- 
 guished divine and author in Philadelphia. Robert served 
 in the Revolutionary war, and built the house (see engraving 
 elsewhere) in 1772, and in the oven in one end of it bread 
 was baked for the soldiers of Washington's army. He mar- 
 ried Elizabeth Grier, of Londonderry, Ireland, who died in 
 1825, and he died Nov. 25, 1783. His children were 
 James, Martha, Matthew, Jean, Seth, Mary, George, Robert, 
 Ann, and Grier, of whom Matthew, the only one married, 
 was born July 27, 1762. He married, Aug. 27, 1792, 
 Jenny Fulton, who died Jan. 19, 1797. He was ap- 
 pointed by the Executive Council of Pennsylvania, May 1, 
 1789, first lieutenant in 5th Battalion of Chester County 
 militia, captain by Governor Mifflin in 1792, again in 1800 
 by Governor McKean, and in 1807 paymaster, which he 
 held until 1814, making twenty-five years in the militia 
 service. His children were Elizabeth, died young; John, 
 m. Ann Boon about 1820, and left one daughter; and 
 Robert, b. July 1, 1796. The latter married Lydia Wil- 
 son, Nov. 25, 1828. Their children were six, — 1. Matthew 
 James, b. Jan. 11, 1830 ; m. Dec. 18, 1855, Rebecca C. 
 Mclntire, and has had children, viz., Robert Buchanan, 
 Ella Franklin, Mary Harvey (deceased), Lydia Jane, Ann 
 Elizabeth, Margaret Rebecca, James Clement, Josephine 
 (deceased), Joseph Molntyre, Francis Bayard, and Mabel 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 Campbell. 2. Phebe Ella, b. Aug. 31, 1831. 3. Robert 
 Franklin, b. Sept. 28, 1833; d. Feb. 27, 1836. 4 Ta 
 mer Jane, b. Feb. 8, 1836; m. March 23, 1875 Wil 
 ham K. Warden ; d. leaving two children,-Robert and 
 George. 5. Robert Franklin, b. June 23, 1839 • m Jan 
 19, 1870, Agnes E. Thomson, by whom he has two chil- 
 dren living,— Robert Thomson, b. Deo. 6, 1872 and Wil 
 ham Jeffer., b. Feb. 15, 1879,-and one deceased in in- 
 fancy,-Lydia Margaret, b. June 13, 1871. 6 John 
 Davis b. Jan. 11, 1842; m. Feb. 22, 1877, Sarah Eliza- 
 beth Thomson. Robert Wilson died April 3, 1862 and 
 his wife, Lydia, Sept. 7, 1865. Robert's eldest son, Mat- 
 ttiew James, served in the war of the Rebellion, in the 175th 
 Pennsylvania Regiment. James, the emigrant, about 1730 
 entered 309 acres of land in East Nottingham township' 
 all owned now by Matthew J., R. F., and J. D. Wilson 
 
 769 
 
 lars for that purpose. When his visit in Ireland was over, and 
 having realized a handsome profit out of his flaxseed, liberal 
 and kind, he loaned his money to young men anxious to emi- 
 grate to Americaon the promise that as soon as they earned the 
 money in the United States they would repay him. The ship 
 in which he and his associates took passage was stopped in 
 mid-oeean by a British man-of-war, and he and all the other 
 able-bodied men on board were pressed into the British 
 service. This involuntary service, which lasted a period of 
 nine months, was so irksome and unpleasant that he felt at 
 times that death by drowning would be preferable to the 
 hopeless termination of this servitude. However, he made 
 the best of it, and made friends among the officers wherever 
 he could, and being a good performer on the violin, he soon 
 worked himself into the good graces of the ship's officers. 
 To one of these he made a small loan of money, and thus 
 
 ROBERT WILSON. 
 
 •Robert Wilson. — During the emigration fever of 
 1798, Robert Wilson, born near Londonderry, Ireland, in 
 1775, was among the large number who came to America. 
 He had spent his boyhood days on his father's farm, and 
 'learned the trade of currying and finishing leather at 
 Waterside, a place separated by the river Poyle from Lon- 
 donderry, with a Mr. Cathers, to whom he had been ap- 
 prenticed. On his arrival at New York he came to this 
 county and located near the old Grove meeting-house, 
 where he found employment with Benjamin Swayne at his 
 tannery. After five years' work here, in which by his in- 
 dustry he had saved a nice sum of money, he conceived the 
 idea of returning to Ireland on a visit to see his friends, and 
 with a view of combining business with pleasure he invested 
 his money in flaxseed to take with him for sale at his old 
 home for a profit. Mr. Swayne having a desire to import 
 a blooded horse, intrusted to him one hundred and forty dol- 
 97 
 
 secured his friendship, and -who said he would remember 
 him for it whenever an opportunity offered. . The ship put 
 into Halifax to winter, and while there the officer he had 
 befriended took him out of the man-of-war by night, passed 
 him by the guard, and concealed him in an old lodging- 
 house, in a loft or garret, where the icicles at times hung 
 suspended from the rafters. He and three or four others 
 remained there for a period of six weeks, having only one 
 blanket among them all. The only means of access to their 
 place was through an opening in the second floor, which a 
 cupboard standing on the first floor filled up, and commu- 
 nication with them was only had by removing some of the 
 shelves. The officers searched in the house, but failed to 
 find them. They suffered much from cold, and owing 
 to a disagreement between the man and wife who kept 
 the place, they lived in constant dread of being discov- 
 ered. In the month of January he left his place of 
 
'770 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 concealment, secured passage on a brig about to sail for 
 Boston, but on the way was shipwrecked near Cranberry 
 Island. His condition now was truly deplorable, being re- 
 duced to want and destitution in mid-winter. He had tasted 
 slavery under British arbitrary rule, for six weeks suffered 
 cold and hunger and dread of arrest in that cheerless garret, 
 and now he was shipwrecked on a desolate coast. At last, 
 after much experience in delays and sufferings, he reached 
 his old Chester County home, and met with a warm recep- 
 tion from his old employer, Benjamin Swayne. He was 
 now penniless, having lost all he had, including the money 
 Mr. Swayne had given him to purchase a horse. Mr. 
 Swayne again employed him, and out of his first earn- 
 ings he repaid him the lost $140. 
 
 Frugal and industrious, he in a few years accumulated 
 sufiScient money to commence for himself; he leased a 
 tannery in Londongrove township for five years, and when 
 his lease expired he had cleared five thousand dollars. 
 In 1813 he married Rachel Swayne, a relative of his old 
 employer, and in 1815 removed to East Fallowfield, where 
 he bought, on the Strasburg road, a property having on it 
 a site for a tannery, which he at once erected, long known 
 as the " Wilson tannery on the Strasburg road." He oper- 
 ated it until 1837, when he retired from public business, 
 and resided on his farm until his death, which occurred in 
 1870, at the advanced age of ninety-five years. His chil- 
 dren are Joel S., unmarried, and 'living on the old home- 
 stead ; Robert, married, and living in Philadelphia ; Sarah, 
 who married James Wilson", near Mortonville ; Jane, who 
 became the wife of John GilfiUen, of Coatesville ; and Lu- 
 cinda, wife of William McArthur, of Philadelphia. Robert 
 Wilson was a man of probity and honor, and universally 
 esteemed and loved. He was appointed justice of the peace 
 by Governor Wolf, and discharged its duties with a view 
 to amicably settle disputes instead of making money of the 
 office. He possessed a good practical business education, 
 was a ready and smooth writer, and was noted for the accu- 
 racy of his accounts. His information was general, and he 
 was a most happy conversationalist. His sympathetic nature 
 went out largely towards young men of limited means strug- 
 gling to get under way in business for themselves, and 
 many a one of these hold his name in grateful remem- 
 brance for the timely aid received from him when first 
 starting out in business. 
 
 WISTAR, Caspar, son of Hans Casper Wister, was 
 born at Hilsbach, Germany, in 1696. Although pros- 
 pective heir to a competency, he determined to come to 
 America and seek his own fortune, leaving the paternal 
 estate to younger members of the family. He arrived at 
 Philadelphia Sept. 17, 1717. He married Katherine 
 Johnson, May 25, 1726, and had seven children, — Richard, 
 Margaret, Katherine, Joshua, Rebecca, Sarah, and Caspar. 
 He brought to this country a revolving double-barreled 
 gun, which is preserved by his descendants. Not under- 
 standing the English language or pronunciation, he changed 
 the terminal letters of his names from er to ar. A younger 
 brother, who followed him to this country, retained the 
 original spelling of Wister, and their respective descendants 
 are distinguished by this peculiarity. 
 
 Caspar Wistar, Jr., born Feb. 3, 1740, married, Nov. 7, 
 
 1765, Maria Franklin, and had five children,--Thomas, 
 Catharine, Sarah,' Mary, and John, probably all born in 
 New York. 
 
 About the year 1784 this family came to Chester County 
 and settled on a farm on the Brandywine, lately owned by 
 John Entriken, deceased. They were here members of 
 Birmingham Friends' Meeting. The ford and bridge at this 
 place were long known as Wistar's. Caspar died 10, 31, 
 1811, his son Samuel, 11, 26, 1812, and Thomas, 7, 30, 
 1814. Sarah was married to George Pennock, 10, 14, 
 1790, and Catharine F. to Abraham Sharpless, 12, 16, 
 1802. On the day appointed for the marriage of the 
 daughter Sarah a violent storm raised the Brandywine so 
 much as to prevent crossing to the meeting-house. The 
 dwelling-house being small, a meeting was held in the barn 
 of Caspar Wistar, and the marriage solemnized there. 
 
 WOLLERTON, Charles, son of Charies WoUerton, 
 of the town of Hicklin, in the county of Nottingham, Eng- 
 land, weaver, came to Pennsylvania, and married, 3, 18, 
 1726, at Concord Meeting, Jane Chilcot. They were not 
 Friends, but were allowed to marry before the meeting, ac- 
 cording to the rules of the society. They settled in the 
 northern part of East Bradford township, where he died at 
 an advanced age, and was buried, 5, 13, 1781, at Goshen 
 Friends' Meeting. His children were John ; Sarah, m. to 
 
 Finley ; James ; Mary, m. to Walter Lilley ; Jane, 
 
 m. to Thomas Spackman, of East Bradford. 
 
 James Wollerton, born Sept. 18, 1731, died July 2, 
 1805, married Dorcas Few, born March 5, 1738, died May 
 24, 1815, daughter of Isaac and Jane Few. Their chil- 
 dren were Joseph, Charles, Hannah, Mary, Isaac, James, 
 Dorcas, John, and Jane. 
 
 John Wollerton, son of Charles and Jane, died about 
 1794, and Mary, his widow, in 1795. Their children were 
 William, Ziba, James, John, Sidney (m.-to William Mer- 
 cer), Jane (m. to Caleb Gray), and Susanna (m. to Dell 
 Price). 
 
 William Wollerton, the eldest son of John, married, in 
 1789, Rebecca Harvey, a sister of Samuel Harvey, a prom- 
 inent merchant of Philadelphia, and long time president of 
 the Bank of Germantown. He was by trade a saddler, 
 and carried on the business extensively in West Chester. 
 In 1808 he purchased the Rankin farm of 100 acres, now 
 in the southwestern part of this borough, and whiclT he sold 
 in 1829 to William Everhart. He then moved to Uwch- 
 lan township, where he died. Of his thirteen children, but 
 two sons and two daughters are now living. One of these, 
 William, was elected prothonotary in 1851, associate judge 
 in 1856, and is now president of the First National Bank 
 of West Chester. 
 
 WINDLE, Francis, of East Marlborough, married Mary 
 Jackson, 4, 14, 1733, daughter of Isaac and Ann Jackson, 
 of Londongrove. One Dorothy Windle, perhaps a sister, 
 was married, 6, 6, 1728, to John Smith, of Mariborough. 
 
 The children of Francis and Mary were Thomas, Ann, 
 William, John, David, Moses, Isaac, James, and Mary. 
 The father died 9, 26, 1788, aged about eighty-seven years. 
 The descendants of this family are pretty fully traced in the 
 genealogy of the Jackson family. It is there stated that 
 the son John died in his twenty-fifth, year, but later iaves- 
 
BIOaRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 771 
 
 tigations indicate that he went to the West and lived to a 
 great age, leaving descendants. 
 
 Da. Lewis Windle.— Levfis Windle married Mary 
 Stroude, to whom were born twelve children, of whom the 
 fifth was Lewis. He was born Jan. 17, 1819, in West 
 Fallowfield township. He passed his boyhood on his 
 father's farm, educated in the common schools, and afterwards 
 attended the UnionviUe Academy of Professor Jonathan 
 Gause, where he was classically educated. He began read- 
 ing medicine with Dr. Isaac Thurman Warid, and attended 
 lectures at the Washington University, at Baltimore, where 
 he graduated in high rank March 3, 1846. He imme- 
 diately began the practice of his profession at Brandywine, 
 where he remained one and a half years. He then removed 
 to Cochranville, where he was engaged in a very large and 
 successful practice uninterruptedly to his death, April 20, 
 
 WOOD, Thomas, with Mary, his wife, and son William, 
 came from Warwickshire, England, and settled in Chester 
 County. A daughter was born at sea on the passage, and 
 was named Eiohmonday. She married, 3, 31, 1749, Wil- 
 ham Sheppard, of Menallen, (now) Adams County. ' 
 
 William Wood, born in Warwickshire, 6, 22, 1723, died 
 
 4, 20, 1775, married, 10, 6, 1749, Margaret Holland,' born 
 
 5, 18, 1730, in Prince George Co., Md., died 10, 29, 1775, 
 daughter of Thomas and Margaret Holland. They settled 
 in Londongrove, and had children,— Thomas, m. Susanna 
 Pusey; George; Mary, m. to Caleb Sway ne; Joseph, Cas- 
 sandra, William, Elizabeth, Margaret, m. to Garret Garret- 
 son ; Joshua, and Ruth. 
 
 Thomas and Susanna Wood were the parents of Joel, 
 William, John, Lydia, Nathan, Margaret, Thomas, Su- 
 sanna, Pusey, Caleb, and Mary. Of these, John married 
 
 DR. L. WINDLE. 
 
 1879. During his. extended practice of thirty-three years 
 be purchased the farm in Highland township where his 
 widow, Sarah Baker Windle, now resides. He was married 
 June 8, 1859, to Sarah Baker, daughter of Thomas and 
 Ann (Rakestraw), by whom he had five children, — Horace 
 L., Lewis B., T. Prank, Annie M., and William Clinton. 
 Dr. Windle was noted as a skillful and learned physician, 
 and was highly esteemed by the medical fraternity and the 
 community at large. He was a member of the Baptist 
 Church at Atglen, which his family attends. He was a 
 Whig and subsequently a Republican, and was active for 
 his party, although he was never a candidate for office. He 
 was respected for his many personal qualities of heart and 
 mind, and the impress of his busy life was largely felt in 
 great good done to humanity in his profession of the heal- 
 ing art and of surgery. 
 
 Lydia Swayne, and was the father of Thomas Wood, of 
 Doe Run. 
 
 Joseph Wood, son of Thomas and Mary, died in 1797, 
 aged sixty-seven years. He married, 1, 12, 1769, Katha- 
 rine Day, and settled in West Nottingham. His children 
 were Thomas, William, Joseph, Jesse, Lydia, Elizabeth, 
 David, John, and Day. 
 
 De. James Bayard Wood was born in New Castle 
 Co., Del., Nov. 5, 1817. In 1820 his father, Joseph 
 Wood, removed with his family to Londongrove township, 
 Chester Co. The educational advantages of Dr. Wood 
 were only those aflForded by the common schools of the day, 
 but he neglected no opportunity to cultivate his mind and 
 fit himself for usefulness in life. He first learned the trade 
 of a miller, which he followed about five years, and then 
 engaged in the mercantile business in Chatham. On the 
 
7t2 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 election of William Eogers as sheriff, in the fall of 1840, 
 he became his deputy, and held the position during his term 
 and for a time thereafter. In October, 1844, he was elected 
 sheriff, and held the office three years. In 1849 he en- 
 gaged in merchandising in West Chester, and was also ap- 
 pointed postmaster. He held this office by appointment of 
 the Postmaster-General and of the President until May, 
 1853. During this latter period he studied medicine, and 
 graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Penn- 
 sylvania in March, 1854. Since that time he has devoted 
 his attention almost exclusively to the practice of his pro- 
 fession, which is quite extensive, and in which he has been 
 very successful. He has been honored with the position of 
 president of the Chester County and State Homoeopathic 
 
 they moved about one mile east of New London. Rachel 
 died 1786, and Archibald in 1806. 
 
 Their children were ten in number, of whom one died in 
 infancy. The others were,— 1. John, b. 1747, d. 1810, 
 went to the wilderness, where Danville now stands ; was a 
 soldier in the Revolution, and in a skirmish with Indians was 
 scalped and left for dead. He married Helen Montgomery, 
 and had nine children, of whom his son Thomas is said to 
 have been the first white child born in Northumberland 
 Co., Pa. 2. Robert, b. 1749, d. unmarried; 3. Archi- 
 bald, b. Oct. 10, 1751, d. Feb. 2, 1828 ; 4. David, b. 
 Feb. 4, 1753; 5. James, b. May 11,1755; 6. William, 
 b. April 4, 1758, d. Aug. 23, 1850 ; 7. Margaret, b. May 
 23, 1760, d. Jan. 15, 1832 ; 8. Mary, b. Aug. 5, 1762, 
 
 Medical Societies, and has been one of the censors of the 
 national society. As a politician he has been active, and 
 he has filled various posts of honor in the parties to which 
 he belonged. He has served in the councils of the borough 
 of West Chester, and since April, 1879, he has been chief 
 burgess. Through his instrumentality and persevering ef- 
 forts the present beautiful and enduring monument at the 
 " Paoli massacre" grounds was erected in 1877. His wife 
 is a daughter of William Rogers, and his only son, Dr. 
 Henry C. Wood, is a physician in West Chester. 
 
 WOODSIDE, Archibald, born in Londonderry, Ire- 
 land, about 1720, arrived in this country in 1728, and it is 
 presumed that his parents came with him, but their names 
 do not appear. The first residence here was near Lewis- 
 ville. He married Rachel Stewart, also from the north of 
 Ireland, and settled near Somerset, in Upper Oxford, whence 
 
 d. Nov. 25, 1833 ; 9. Stewart, b. Sept. 10, 1769, d. Sept. 
 10, 1826. 
 
 Robert, Archibald, Mary, and Stewart remained at the 
 homestead unmarried, Archibald being a spinning-wheel 
 maker. David and James, also unmarried, removed to 
 Clearfield County when young. Margaret married Isaac 
 Larue, near New London, and lefl a daughter Rachel, who 
 married James Roney. William learned the blacksmith 
 trade with his brother John at New London; bought a 
 farm between the present Penn Station and McDowell's 
 mill ; married, in 1793, Eleanor, daughter of John McKis- 
 sick, of Lower Oxford, and had four children, — 1. John, b. 
 Dec. 7, 1794, d. Oct. 2, 1871 ; 2. Rachel, b. Nov. 17, 
 1796, d. Sept. 6, 1862; 3.. William Stewart, b. Jan. 27, 
 1801, d. Feb. 28, 1876; 4. Archibald, b. July 18, 1803. 
 Johnmarried, Dec. 22, 1836, Margaret Creswell, was a 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND aENEALOaiCAL. 
 
 773 
 
 farmer, and lived at the homestead. Rachel lived with him, 
 unmarried. William Stewart was a wheelwright near Penn 
 Station several years; married, Feh. 24, 1836, Caroline, 
 daughter of William H. Crossby, of Hayesville, and had 
 children, — John Whitfield, Robert Graham, James Crosby, 
 Jane Dickey, David Byron, William Penn, George M., and 
 Thomas Franklin. 
 
 WORKIZER, Christian, an accomplished German 
 gentleman, entered the English army as lieutenant at 
 AschafFenburg, in 1743, when George II. was fighting in 
 Germany. He subsequently rose to the rank of colonel, 
 and came to Canada as aide-de-camp to- Gen. Wolfe, in 1758. 
 He was one of the three who bore his brave commander to 
 the rear when mortally wounded on the Heights of Abra- 
 ham. After the capture of Quebec, Col. Workizer retired 
 from the British army, and marrying soon after Mademoi- 
 selle Girardin, of Quebec, a lady of French extraction, he 
 and his wife came to Chester County and settled, pur- 
 chasing the lands on which are now located the village of 
 Howellville and the adjacent homestead farm. Having 
 sworn fealty to the British crown as an officer, and having 
 been truly attached to his late commander. Col. Workizer 
 remained strictly neutral during the war of the Revolution. 
 Col. Workizer was accompanied by his wife's brother, Mr. 
 A. Girardin {Anglice Sheridan). This gentleman bought 
 lands in and around Philadelphia, in Pittsburgh, and in Erie. 
 He owned the Swan property, Race Street near Second, 
 and the floating ferry at Fairmount, Philadelphia. April 
 27, 1779, he was married by Rev. Henry Muhlenberg to 
 Miss Barbara Snyder, at Pikeland. 
 
 Col. Workizer became the father of four daughters — 
 Mary, Margaretta, Elizabeth, and Priscilla — and two sons, — 
 John and Jacob Sheridan, — all born at or near Howellville', 
 the hotel of that village having been the second homestead 
 of the Workizer family. 
 
 Jacob Sheridan Workizer, a fine Latin scholar, wrote for 
 one of the Philadelphia papers. He was early engaged to 
 an accomplished lady. Miss Evans, but died of consump- 
 tion before the marriage was consummated. Hon. Jona- 
 than Roberts, United States senator from Pennsylvania, his 
 personal friend, said of him, " Sheridan Workizer was a 
 youth of rare promise, and our society* felt his loss." He 
 spoke admiringly of his bright intellect, and of his power 
 of attracting his associates to him. 
 
 Mr. John Workizer was very proud of his mother. He 
 loved to tell of her walking all the way from Howellville to 
 her brother's home in Philadelphia and returning with med- 
 icine, salt, etc., in pockets underneath her dress, having 
 successfully eluded the British sentinels at their outposts. 
 
 Gen. Washington, with his customary afiability, had 
 noticed the Workizer boys occasionally when he encoun- 
 tered them, and Mr. John Workizer loved to recall the 
 general as he remembered him, descanting with almost boy- 
 ish enthusiasm on the imposing figure and the grand face 
 of the world's hero, with its serene and benignant expres- 
 sion. 
 
 One of Col. Workizer's daughters (reputed to be belles 
 in their day) married Mr. George Norman, who, accompa- 
 
 '^ Alluding to a debating society. 
 
 nied by his wife, her two sisters, and some members of 
 Governor Snyder's family (their relatives), removed about 
 1820 to the vicinity of Cincinnati. Mr. Norman bought 
 400 acres of the Little Miami bottom lands, and built 
 thereon his family homestead, where some of Col. Work- 
 izer's descendants still reside. The others live in Cincin- 
 nati, and Mrs. David Mills, of that city, a grandchild, retains 
 as an heirloom in the family part of an old black velvet suit, 
 presented to Col. Workizer by the mother of Gen. Wolfe, 
 to be worn as mourning for her son. 
 
 Mr. John Workizer, who inherited the village of Howell- 
 ville, married Miss Mary Turner, whose roomy old home is 
 still standing, near Spring City, Pa. The young couple 
 removed to Valley Forge, and purchased considerable prop- 
 erty in and around the village. In their old homestead at 
 Yalley Forge (now the Mansion House hotel) six children 
 — five girls and one boy — were born to them, and some 
 grandchildren, among the latter Gen. Galusha Pennypacker, 
 United States army, the intrepid young officer who espe- 
 cially distinguished himself at Fort Fisher during the civil 
 war. 
 
 Mr. John Workizer's eldest daughter, Eloisa, married 
 Mr. Morey, his second, Matilda, Mr. William Lewis, and 
 his third Mr. Joseph E. Anderson. His fourth daughter, 
 Anna Virginia, was a young lady of remarkable beauty and 
 intelligence. Having as yet no son, Mr. Workizer educated 
 this daughter to be his amanuensis in business, and there 
 are many deeds, contracts, and other documents still extant 
 written, not only for her father, but gratuitously for the 
 neighboring farmers, in the clear, beautiful penmanship of 
 this superior woman. 
 
 John Sheridan, the only son, inherited and sold out of 
 the family Howellville village. He subsequently removed 
 to Indianapolis. 
 
 WORRELL, or WORRALL, Richaed, emigrated 
 from Oare, Berkshire, England, in 1682, and arrived at 
 Philadelphia a short time before the proprietary. He 
 served as a juror in the last court held for Upland County, 
 but it does not appear that he settled within the bounds of 
 Chester County. He was a Friend, and had suffered some 
 persecution on account of his reUgion as early as 1670. 
 
 John Worrall was a Friend, and came from the 
 same place as the next above. They both presented their 
 certificates at the same time, and to the same meeting in . 
 Philadelphia, and were doubtless relatives. John removed 
 to Chester, or the neighborhood of that place, where, in tha 
 early part of 1684, he was married to Frances, the widow 
 of Thomas Taylor, after which he settled in Middletown. 
 In 1695 he was a resident of Edgmont, where he continued 
 to reside till the time of his decease, in 1742, when he had 
 attained the age of eighty-four years. His wife, Frances, 
 died in 1712, and in 1714 he married Sarah, the daughter 
 of Thomas Goodwin, of Edgmont. It is not known that 
 John Worrall had any children by his first wife except a 
 son named John, b. 7, 26, 1685, who died young. By his 
 second wife he had seven children, viz. : Elizabeth, b. 1, 
 29, 1715 ; Mary, b. 4, 27, 1717 ; John, b. 8, 26, 1719 ; 
 Peter, b. 8, 26, 1719 ; Sarah, b. 7, 19, 1722 ; Thomas, b. 
 9, 21, 1724; Thomas, b. 5, 29, 1728. 
 
 Sarah (Goodwin) Worrall was recommended as a min- 
 
774 
 
 HISTOEY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ister by Chester Monthly Meeting, 12, 24, 1723-4, and 
 afterwards paid a religious visit to Great Britain in com- 
 pany with Elizabeth Ashbridge. 
 
 It is supposed that the name Worrall, or Worrell, was 
 originally Warel, and that those bearing it are descended 
 from Sir Hubert de Warel, who lost three sons at the bat- 
 tle of Hastings, the town at which William the Conqueror 
 first landed. 
 
 John Worrell, with his wife, Mary, and family, settled 
 very early in Marple township. It has been supposed that 
 he was a son of Richard Worrell, who settled in Philadel- 
 phia, but this is uncertain. His wife was a sister of Harry 
 Lewis, of Radnor. He died in 1716, leaving six children, 
 viz. : John, Peter, Joshua, Henry, Mary, and Hannah. 
 His widow married John Bromfield, of Whiteland. 
 
 William Penn, by deeds of lease and release, March 21 
 and 22, 1681, conveyed 500 acres of land in Pennsylvania 
 to Peter Worrall, of Crude-lanes, in the county of Chester, 
 England, and Joshua Worrall, of Newton, in the same 
 county, tanners. The release is in possession of Thomas J. 
 Worrall, Esq., late city solicitor of Philadelphia, but he is 
 unable to trace his descent from the grantees. 
 
 Peter Worrall, of Marple, tanner, conveyed, 10, 11, 
 1699, to his son Peter, of the same place, 150 acres in 
 Marple, part of the above 500 acres. This second Peter 
 died about 1749, " being aged," leaving children, — John, 
 m. 4, 20, 1723, to Hannah Taylor; Jonathan, m. 7, 21, 
 1727, to Mary Taylor; James, m. 5, 24, 1735, to Hannah 
 Calvert ; Joseph, Peter, Mary (Moore), and Patience 
 (Powell). 
 
 William Worrall, born 11, 29, 1730, died 12, 23, 1826, 
 son of Jonathan and Mary, married, 5, 3, 1759, Phebe 
 Grubb, born 1, 18, 1732-3, died 3, 15, 1800, daughter 
 of Nathaniel and Ann Grubb, of Willistown, and settled 
 in Ridley township. Their children were Seth, b. 12, 
 28, 1761, d. 9, 4, 1765; Mary, b. 10, 17, 1766, d. 7, 17, 
 1790, m. Nathaniel Newlin; Nathaniel, b. 8, 14, 1769, d. 
 January, 1836, m. Mary Paul ; Ann, b. 11, 17, 1771, d. 
 11, 7, 1836, m. Joseph R. Downing, of Downingtown. 
 
 WORTH. — Among the earliest settlers under William 
 Penn came Thomas Worth, bringing with him his trusty 
 Bible, printed in 1636, and still preserved by one of his 
 descendants in the seventh generation. From the record 
 therein it appears that he was born in 1649, left England 
 the 21st of the 2d month (April, O.S.), 1682, and landed 
 in Pennsylvania about the beginning of the 6th month fol- 
 lowing, — before William Penn had sailed for his young 
 colony. He is thus mentioned in " Smith's History of 
 Delaware County" : 
 
 " Thomas Worth was from Oxton, in the county of Nottingham, 
 England. He settled in Darby town immediately upon his arrival 
 in 1682, and subsequently higher up in the township. He was a con- 
 sistent and exemplary member of the Society of Friends ; and having 
 acquired a better education than was usual in that day, his services 
 were constantly in demand in the performance of such duties as re- 
 quired an expert and ready penman. He was married in 1685 to 
 Isabell Dauinson (Davidson), who emigrated from the county of 
 Darby, and probably came in the same ship with her husband, bring- 
 ing with her a certificate of good character, whioTi she fully sustained 
 in after-life. She died in 1709, at the age of fifty-four years. Thomas 
 lived til) 1731. In 1697 he represented Chester County in the Provin- 
 cial Assembly. The descendants of this couple are numerous and 
 
 respectable ; those bearing the name being mostly settled in Chester 
 County, where he had purchased a large tract of land. He was one 
 of the original purchasers of land in England (from William Penn). 
 His son Thomas removed tu Bradford, 1739." 
 
 The following documents, copied from the records of 
 Darby Monthly Meeting, are given in the quaint style of 
 the original, and will doubtless be of interest to many of 
 the descendants of this worthy couple. It will appear that 
 Thomas Worth's wife did not come over in the same ship 
 with her future husband : 
 
 " To ye monthly or Quarterly meetinges In Pensilvania or new Jer- 
 sey or to Any of our ifriends In ye Service of Truth where our ffrienda 
 Thomas Worth <fc Samuell Bradshaw may Come. 
 
 *' Deare friends these few lines may Signifie unto yon somethinge 
 of our sence and Judgment Conserninge ye aforesaid Thomas Worth <fc 
 Samuell Bradshaw whose outward beeinge was att Oxton In ye County 
 of Nottingham Amongst us theire Conversation & Manner of Life : ye 
 walked Soberly Harmlesly And uprightly as becomes ye truth : Wee 
 had unity with them And ye weare Concerned with us In Truth's 
 Service And we know nothinge but yt ye are free & Cleare from any 
 Ingagmen both Concerninge ye woman or Any other outward thinges : 
 Soe In ye feelinge of ye pure and pretious truth & pure Life which 
 floweth And stremeth from one Nation to Another; In the feelinge 
 of which our hearts are Greatly refreshed & our Souls Mutually Com- 
 forted though wee bee outwardly farr Seperated one from an other : 
 In ye Fresh Inoyment of this pure Love of our God his mercys & 
 his Goodness which bee from one day to Another makes us pertakers 
 of; And In ye ^sent feelinge of his Continued presence which at 
 this tim^ is reveled And made knowne In this our Asembly we re- 
 maine your deare friends In ye service of truth. 
 " From our Monthly meet- 
 ing att ffarnsfeild this 
 
 20th of ye first month 
 
 1682 In ye County of 
 
 Nottingham. 
 
 " Will Malson, Georg Cockrom, 
 
 Will Watson, Robert Grace, 
 
 Nathaniel Cluy, John Lankford, 
 
 Richard Bateman, Edward Asling, 
 
 Mathias Brackney, George Hopkinson, 
 
 John Oldham, Will. Blanc — " 
 
 " This is to Certifie to them whom it may Concerne that Isabell 
 Davison of Anmenlayes Mill; hath it In Mr mind to Transport hir 
 selfe Into Pensilvania in America : that ye said Isabell Dauinson hath 
 walked orderly & soe far forth as wee know is Cleare from all Men : 
 Subscribed att our monthly meetinge att Breach House ye 13th day 
 of ye 5th mon; 1682, by us whose names are heare under written. 
 
 "Edmund Cartlidg, 
 John Boades, 
 John Blunston, 
 Joshua Fearne, 
 Richard Sarson, 
 Samuell ffox, 
 Elizabeth Roades, 
 Mary Holland, 
 
 Michall Blunston, 
 Thomas Whittbe, 
 Joseph Potter, 
 William Day, 
 Adam Roades, 
 Richard Lees, 
 Mary Whittbe, 
 Sarah Day.'' 
 
 " Att a monthly meetinge at Darby ye 7th day of ye 8th mo : 1685, 
 Thomas Worth & Isabel Dauinson declared theire Intentions of Mar- 
 raige. 
 
 "Georg Wood, John Smith, Elizabeth Bartrnm, & Ann Wood to 
 make enquirie Concerninge ye Clearnes of Tho : Worth & Isabel 
 Dauinson." 
 
 " Att A monthly meetinge Att darby ye 4th day of ye 9th mo : 
 1685, Thomas Worth & Isabel Dauinson declared theire Intentions of 
 Marriage ye second time; things beinge found Cleare." 
 
 "This is to Certifie all whom it may Concerne that Thomas Worth 
 of ye towne of Darby in ye County of Chester, And Isabel Dauinson 
 of ye same Towne haveing Laid there Intentions of marraige before 
 two monthly meetings Aocordinge to ye order of truth ; And things 
 being found Cleare on both ^tys; now for ye full determination of 
 ye Marraige Above said, ye s'd Tho: Worth and Isabel Davinson 
 upon ye 18th day of ye 9th mon: 1685 In A Publique meetinge of 
 ye people of God declared as followeth ; Thomas Worth standing up 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 775 
 
 A takeinge laabel Dauinson by ye hand said as followeth : I doe in 
 ye presence of The Lord &, before you bis people heare take Isabel 
 Dauinson to be my wife, promising unto hir to be A Loveinge hus- 
 band soe Long as as it shall please ye Lord to Lengthen out our dayes 
 to gather, And the said Isabel Dauinson standing up A Takeinge 
 Thomas Worth by ye hand said as followeth : I doe in ye Presence of 
 ye Lord A before you his people take Thomas Worth to be my hus- 
 band promising unto him to be a Loveinge and diligent wife. Wee 
 whose names are under written beinge then A there present are wit- 
 nesses to this marriage above written. Thomas Worth 
 
 Isabel AVorth. 
 " Edmund Cartlidg, Miohall Blunston, 
 
 Qeorg Maries, John Smith, 
 
 Georg Wood, John Blunston, 
 
 John Bartram, Sam ; Levis, 
 
 John Wood, Tho : Hood, 
 
 John Marshall, Sam : Sellers, 
 
 John Roads, Ellin Garratt, 
 
 Anna Sellers, Sarah Blunston, 
 
 Ann Wood, Hannah Wood, 
 
 Eliner Smith, Elin Qibins, 
 
 Elij. ffearne, Sarah Sharp." 
 
 John Wood, 
 
 The children of Thomas and Isabel Worth were John, 
 b. 6, 9, 1686, d. 9, 23, 1716 ; Thomas, b. 1, 4, 1688, d. 
 12, 19, 1778 ; Sarah, b. 7, 28, 1691, d. 10, 8, 1696. 
 
 Isabel Worth, wife of Thomas, died 3, 3, 1709, aged 
 about fifty-four years, and her husband on the 10th of 2d 
 mo. (April), 1731. At the time of his death he owned 222 
 acres in Darby, which he bequeathed to his son Thomas, 
 and 500 acres in East Bradford, which he devised to the 
 daughters of his son John. They sold 150 acres of the south 
 end thereof to James JeflFeris, and in 1738 conveyed the re- 
 mainder to their uncle Thomas. 
 
 9 mo. 6th, 1695. — "Ordered at this meetinge According to ye ad- 
 vice of the yearly meeting that George Wood And Thomas Worth, be 
 appoyated to take Care that things there in -expressed be put in 
 practise." 
 
 6 mo. 2nd, 1699. — " Agreed at this meeting that A meeting house 
 sixty foot one way and twenty foot aded to the sid 21 foot wid in the 
 cleare be built. John Bethel, John Hood, Michall Blunston, John 
 Wood and Thomas Worth ordred to maniage the Concerne about the 
 said house till furder order." 
 
 2 mo. 2nd, 1701. — " John Bethel, John Wood and Thomas Worth 
 appoynted by this meeting to Continue ye carrying on of the worke 
 which is to be done at the new meeting house in order to finish the 
 same And to take money upon Intrist for which money John Blun- 
 ston and Richard Parker (in the place of the fore mentioned Edmund 
 Cartlidge) is to stand bound In behalfe of the meeting." 
 
 (John Blunston and Edmund Cartlidge were appointed 12, 5, 1700, 
 to stand bound for the money.) 
 
 5, 4, 1722. — " Thomas Worth and Samuel Bradshaw are appointed 
 for overseers for the ensuing year." 
 
 John Worth was married in 1711 to Katharine Ormes, 
 daughter of Richard and Mary Ormes, of Radnor, and left 
 three daughters,— Sarah, b. 2, 6, 1712 ; Hannah, b. 7, 20, 
 1713; Mary, b. 8, 18, 1715. 
 
 These children removed with their mother to Abington 
 after her second marriage in 1720, and the first became the 
 wife of Joseph Shallcross, of Lower Dublin township, 
 Philadelphia Co. Hannah was married to Jonathan Car- 
 malt, of the Northern Liberties, and Mary to James Paul, 
 of Warringtpn, Bucks Co. 
 
 S 6, 1720.—" Robert Turner of Abington In the County of Phila- 
 delphia and Katherine Worth, belonging to this meeting declared 
 their Intention of marriage with Each other the first time. Michaell 
 Blunston and Samuell Garrat appointed to see that Care be taken 
 about Katherine Worth's Children and make Report to the meeting." 
 
 6, 3, 1720, they report that care is taken. 
 
 7, 7, 1720, the overseers (M. Blunston and John Wood) 
 report things were well at the marriage. 
 
 Thomas Worth, Jr., married Mary, daughter of Walter 
 and Rebecca (Fearne) Pawcett, of Ridley, who was born 
 9th mo. 25, 1697. 
 
 This marriage was not accomplished according to the dis- 
 cipline of Friends, and occasioned the following minutes of 
 Darby Meeting: 
 
 4, 4, 1718. — "Josiah Hibard and David Thomas .appointed to 
 speak to Thomas Worth Jur. 
 
 5, 2, 1718.—" The persons appoynted to speak to Thomas Worth 
 jur., made their return and the said Thomas Worth jur., gave no sat- 
 isfaction to this meeting. Thomas Bradshaw, Samuel Garrat and 
 Richard Parker appoynted to draw up a Testimony against Thomas 
 Worth jur., and his actions and bring it to the next monthly meeting 
 for approbation." 
 
 (He and Mary disowned 6, 6, 1718.) 
 
 The mother of Mary Worth was married about the close 
 of 1706 to John Wood, of Darby. James Steel, writing 
 to John Taylor, surveyor, Dec. 2, 1727, says, " Thomas 
 Worth and John Wood have been with me for a piece of 
 land in a fork of Brandywine which they tell me from thy 
 information is vacant. If thou canst secure about five 
 hundred acres for Thomas I shall take care to do for him 
 the present needfuU in the office." Whether this refers to 
 the father or son is uncertain, but the latter obtained a 
 patent for 318 acres in West Bradford in 1737. In 1738 
 he purchased from his nieces 350 acres in East Bradford, 
 which had belonged to his father, and soon after removed 
 from Darby to this land. A stone in the graveyard at 
 Bradford Meeting bears the initials M. W. and date 1740, 
 and perhaps indicates the spot where Mary Worth was 
 buried. Respecting the removal of the family to Bradford 
 the following minutes of Darby Meeting are given : 
 
 10, 5, 1739. — '■ Thomas Worth appeared at this meeting and Re- 
 quested a Certificate for himself and family in order to recomend 
 them to Bradford Monthly Meeting. 
 
 "Therefore Samuel Bunting and John Davis are appointed to In- 
 quire of the Clearness and Conversation of the above said and if Clear 
 to draw a Certificate thereof and produce it at our next meeting for 
 approbation." 
 
 11, 2, 1739. — "The Frds appointed, to Draw a Certificate for 
 Thoms. Worth Report that they do not find things Clear therefore 
 this meeting appoints Joseph Bonsall and John Davis to acquaint the 
 said Thomas Worth with the reason and Desire him to be at our next 
 Monthly Meeting." 
 
 12 6, 1739. — "The Friends appointed to acquaint Thomas Worth 
 with the reason why this meeting cannot comply with his Request 
 have writ to him about it and a Copy of their said Letter was pro- 
 duced to this Meeting." 
 
 10 3 1740. — "Thomas Worth sent a paper to this Meeting ac- 
 knowledging his misconduct which is taken for satisfaction and is 
 as followeth: 
 
 "'Dear ffrds; I acknowledge that for want of Due Care my Con- 
 duct in time past was in some Respect Inconsistant with the Rules 
 of the society to which I Did belong which hath made a Separation 
 between me A you and in Consideration that I have acted Disagree- 
 able to the good order Established by the said society I am sorry and 
 take the Blame to myself, Desiring you to pass by my former offence 
 and Receive me again under your Christian care and Notice. 
 
 " ' Thomas Worth.' 
 
 " Thomas Worth having Requested a Certificate for himself and 
 family in order to Recomend them to Bradford Monthly Meeting 
 Therefore Samuel Bunting A John Davis are appointed to make 
 Inquiry of the Clearness A Conversation of the above said and If 
 Clear to Draw a Certificate thereof and produce it at our next Mo'ly 
 Meeting for aprobation," 
 
776 
 
 HISTORY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 11, 7, 1740. — "The Friends appointed to Inquire of the Clearness 
 of Thomas Worth and family produced a Certificate which was read 
 aproved and signed." 
 
 In 1749, Thomas Worth was commissioned a justice of 
 the peace and of the Court of Common Pleas, in which 
 office he was continued by reappointment until or near the 
 time of his death. He was buried at Bradford Meeting 
 
 12, 22, 1778. 
 
 The children of Thomas and Mary Worth were Samuel, 
 b. 1, 25, 1718, buried 12, 31, 1781 ; Susanna, b. 1, 12, 
 1720, d. 3, 13, 1777 ; Lydia, b. 9, 22, 1721, d. 6, 20, 1780 ; 
 Rebecca, b. 4, 23, 1723; Hannah, b. 11, 12, 1724, d. 4, 
 
 13, 1776 ; Ebenezer, b. 6, 8, 1726, d. 1, 12, 1808 ; Joseph, 
 b. 7, 18, 1728, d. 7, 29, 1728 ; Mary, b. 9, 17, 1729, d. 6, 
 22, 1812. 
 
 Susanna remained unmarried. Lydia was married, 4, 
 
 19, 1744, to George Carter, who lived on the farm adjoin- 
 ing her father to the westward. Rebecca married Jona- 
 than Vernon about 1742, and they removed to Virginia. 
 Hannah died unmarried. Ebenezer Worth accompanied 
 William Hunt, a minister, on a religious visit to Carolina 
 in 1761. About 1770 he married Margaret, daughter of 
 John and Prances Paschall, of Darby, and continued to re- 
 side at the homestead, which he inherited from his father. 
 His widow died 8, 14, 1820, aged eighty-eight years, eleven 
 months, seventeen days. They had no children. Mary 
 Worth married, 6th mo. 3, 1756, John Lewis, of East 
 Cain. 
 
 Samuel Worth was married, 10, 27, 1744, at Birming- 
 ham Meeting, to Elizabeth, daughter of George and Eliza- 
 beth Carter, of East Bradford, her mother being then the 
 wife of James JeflFeris. His second marriage was 4, 30, 
 1778, at Bradford Meeting, to Jane BuflEington, widow of 
 John, and daughter of Jonathan and Mary Thatcher. She 
 was married to a third husband, John Miller, of New Gar- 
 den, in 1786. Samuel Worth resided in West Bradford. 
 In the records of Bradford Meeting mention is made of his 
 producing a manumission, dated 6, 21, 1777, for a mulatto 
 boy named Caleb Creemer. 
 
 The children of Samu'el and Elizabeth Worth were 
 John, b. 10, 5, 1745, d. 10, 17, 1790 ; Thomas, b. 12, 11, 
 1747, d. 2, 2, 1826 ; Joseph, b. 3, 2, 1755, d. 9, 9, 1775 ; 
 Elizabeth, b. 2, 13, 1759, d. young. 
 
 Lydia Worth, daughter of Samuel by his second wife, 
 
 Jane, was born 1, 6, 1781. She married Miller, and 
 
 probably resided in Lancaster County. 
 
 John Worth married Mary, daughter of George and 
 Jane Bentley, who was born 12, 15, 1754, and died 12, 
 
 20, 1830. Tradition says her father came from England 
 with an uncle, and married an Irishwoman. John Worth 
 lived at Mortonville, where he owned a mill. He was com- 
 missioned a justice of the peace and of the Court of Com- 
 mon Pleas, April 11, 1789, for the district composed of the 
 townships of Pennsbury, East and West Bradford, Newlin, 
 and East Pallowfield. 
 
 Thomas Worth was married at Bradford Meeting, 5, 31, 
 1781, to Ann Buffington, daughter of Richard and Ann, 
 of West Bradford. She was born 9, 23, 1754, and died 
 4, 7, 1816. Thomas owned and kept Worth's tavern at 
 the thirty-first milestone on the road from Philadelphia to 
 
 Strasburg, in West Bradford. His children were Joseph, 
 b. 2, 22, 1782, d. 4, 27, 1868 ; Samuel, b. 8, 28, 1784, d. 
 11, 14, 1790; Elizabeth, b. 8, 28, 1784, d. 2, 14, 1872 ; 
 Phebe, b. 7, 6, 1786, d. 2, 9, 1864; Margaret, b. 11, 14, 
 1787, d. 9, 22, 1790 ; Ebenezer, b. 6, 12, 1789, d. 1, 30, 
 1875 ; Ann, b. 8, 15, 1791, d. 3, 4, 1865 ; Mary, b. 9, 20, 
 1793, d. 11, 25, 1865; Rachel, b. 8, 18, 1795, d. 2, 19, 
 1796. 
 
 None of these were married except Ann, who became the 
 wife of William Wickersham. The others continued to 
 reside at the homestead until death claimed the last sur- 
 vivor. 
 
 The children of John and Mary Worth were Thomas, 
 b. 4, 28, 1774, d. 10, 6, 1821 ; Elizabeth, b. 5, 20, 1776, 
 d. 5, 21, 1861 ; Ebenezer, b. 4, 10, 1778, d. 8, 5, 1845; 
 Samuel, b. 12, 6, 1779, d. 8, 20, 1862; John, b. 6, 25, 
 1782, d. 1, 16, 1878; George, b. 1, 13, 1785, d. 3, 16, 
 1833; Emmor, b. 3, 1, 1787, d. 4, 1, 1877; Benjamin, b. 
 8, 5, 1789, d. 6, 17, 1831. 
 
 Thomas married Lydia, daughter of Gideon and Rachel 
 Williamson, who was born 11, 24, 1780, and died 6, 11, 
 1801. 
 
 He built, for a long time resided at, and finally died at, 
 the " Half-way House," just west of Romansville : proba- 
 bly took the mill for a while after his father's death. 
 
 No descendants. 
 
 Elizabeth married Jacob Marshall, son of James and 
 Sarah Marshall, of West Bradford, who was born 2, 25, 
 1761, and died 8, 3, 1807. She was his second wife, and 
 was the mother of two children, — Mary Ann and John 
 Marshall. 
 
 Ebenezer married at Pittsburgh, 6, 5, 1806, Margaret 
 Perry, and settled at first about ten miles from that city, 
 on the north side of the Ohio. Thence he moved to Moon 
 township, sixteen miles below Pittsburgh and a mile from 
 the river, where he built a mill and continued to reside. 
 Margaret was born 2, 16, 1783, and died 2, 9, 1871 ; buried 
 at Sharon graveyard. 
 
 Their children were James Perry, b. 10, 26, 1807 ; Mary 
 Ann, b. 5, 27, 1809 ; Hannah Irvin, b. 3, 10, 1811 ; Al- 
 mira, b. 2, 9, 1813 ; John Bingley, b. 10, 21, 1814 ; Eliza- 
 beth, b. 2,21, 1816; Asenath, b. 2, 7, 1819; Margaret 
 Jane, b. 11, 13, 1820 ; Louisa, b. 8, 1, 1823; Lucinda, b. 
 8, 1, 1823. 
 
 These were all married, and are all living except one son 
 and two daughters. The sons were engineers on the river, 
 and the daughters married farmers, except Hannah, who 
 married a carpenter. 
 
 Samuel Worth married Sarah Armitt, a niece of Mar- 
 garet, wife of Ebenezer Worth, Jr., and daughter of Rich- 
 ard and Elizabeth (Paschall) Armitt. He settled at the old 
 homestead in East Bradford with his uncle Ebenezer, from 
 whom he inherited the land on payment of certain legacies. 
 Sarah died 4, 4, 1823, and he married a second wife, 
 Beulah Paschall, who died 2, 28, 1866. The children of 
 Samuel and Sarah were Mary B., b. 2, 4, 1799, d. 8, 25, 
 1877 ; Paschall, b. 8, 9, 1800, d. 8, 4, 1856 ; John, b. 10, 
 5, 1801, d. 3, 19, 1881 ; Ebenezer, b. 8, 28, 1803, d. 6, 16, 
 1877 ; Elizabeth, b. 8, 29, 1804, d. 8, 20, 1844 ; Mar- 
 garet P., b. 2, 16, 1809, d. 3, 14, 1881. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 777 
 
 Of these, Ebenezer inherited the homestead, but died 
 unmarried, and the property is now held by Samuel Worth, 
 the son of his brother John, and the latter owned and re- 
 sided on the adjoining land, formerly of George Carter. 
 
 John Worth married Lydia Carpenter, daughter of Wil- 
 liam and Rachel (Carter) Carpenter, and granddaughter of 
 George and Lydia (Worth) Carter. She was born 2, 10, 
 1785, and died 10, 15, 1866. John settled first about 
 half a mile south of Marshallton, afterwards removing to a 
 farm immediately northwest of Romansville ; was a car- 
 penter by trade, but farmed most of his life. He was a 
 county commissioner at one time, and for about twenty-five 
 years was a justice of the peace. The children of John 
 and Lydia were Wm. C, b. 12, 14, 1805, d. 12, 3, 1874; 
 Sheshbazzar, b. 12, 1, 1807, d. 11, 18, 1874; Richard J., 
 b. 12, 20, 1809, d. 9, 9, 1856; Samuel A"., b. 11, 20, 
 1811 ; Rachel Ann, b. 2, 28, 1814, d. 11, 11, 1864; John 
 D., b. 3, 16, 1816 ; Lydia Maria, b. 6, 26, 1818, d. 8, 10, 
 1832 ; Elizabeth M.-, b. 8, 11, 1822. 
 
 George Worth married Lydia Jefferis, daughter of Em- 
 mor and Charity (Grubb) Jeflferis, of East Bradford. She 
 was born 11, 29, 1789, and died leaving two children, 
 Grubb and Bmmor J., who died in early manhood. George 
 married a second wife, Martha Keech, who was born 9, 26, 
 1788, and died 12, 10, 1864. They resided near Union- 
 ville, Chester Co., and had the following children : Mifflin, 
 b. 1,' 30, 1813, d. 6, 6, 1863 ; Thomas, b. 4, 29, 1814, d. 
 9, 15, 1831 ; Ephraim B., b. 1, 10, 1816 ; Lydia J., b. 3, 
 25, 1819 ; Mary Ann, b. 1, 4, 1821 ; Emeline, b. 1, 11, 
 1823 ; Marshall, b. 1, 29, 1825 ; Joseph, b. 6, 23, 1827. 
 Of these, Lydia married Israel Miller, whose mother was 
 the daughter of John and Jane Worth, heretofore men- 
 tioned. 
 
 Emmor Worth was married Feb. 6, 1812, to Rebecca 
 Travilla, daughter of Jonathan Travilla, and for a time kept 
 a store at Londongrove, afterwards removing to a farm about 
 two miles eastward on the « Street road," where he kept 
 a tavern for several years. 
 
 His children were Mary Ann, Hannah T., Elizabeth, 
 Jonathan T., Jacob M., Sarah,- Emmor, Isaac B., Rebecca 
 Ann, Paschall, Thomas T., Charles C, Margaretta. 
 
 Benjamin Worth married Phebe Taylor, daughter of 
 Titus and Rebecca (Hunt) Taylor, of Westtown, who was 
 born 2, 25, 1789, and died 3, 29, 1868. He resided west 
 of Unionville, Chester Co., but after his death his widow 
 removed to West Chester. Their children were Carohne, 
 b 12 14, 1811 ; Rebecca T., b. 7, 31, 1813, d. ; 
 
 AnnaMaria, b. 3, 9, 1816, d. 8, 21, 1849 ; Thomas, ^ J, 
 17, 1819; Bentley, b. 1, 27, 1820; Titus T., b. 7, 13, 
 
 1823 
 
 Another branch of the Worth family settled at Nan- 
 tucket before the above-mentioned Thomas Worth came to 
 Pennsylvania. From thence some of the descendants re- 
 moved to North Carolina, where they have been among the 
 most respectable and intelligent citizens of t^^^ State. Ot 
 the number we may mention Dr. David Worth, of Gml- 
 ford County, and his son. Governor Jonathan Worth. 1 he 
 latter died Sept. 5, 1869, in the sixty-seventh year ot his 
 
 *^WOBTHINGTON.— The surname Worthington, like 
 98 
 
 many other family names, is derived from the locality where 
 the first-known progenitor of the family resided. Its ety- 
 mology is from three Saxon words, viz., Wearth-in-ton, — i.e., 
 Farm in Town. About twenty miles northeast of Liverpool, 
 England, in the hundred of Leyland, and parish of 
 Standish, is the township of Worthington. Here and on 
 the adjacent manors resided for many centuries the family 
 of Worthington, established in high repute from the time 
 of the Plantagenets. They appear to have been distinguished 
 rather by heroic acting than by the arts of courtiers. The 
 main stock can be traced in the public, archives as far back 
 as Worthington de Worthington (20th of Henry III, 1236 
 -7), the progenitor of all the Lancashire Worthingtons. 
 The old hall at Worthington, where the family resided for 
 seven hundred years, was pulled down not many years 
 since. 
 
 All those who bear the name in this country, so far as 
 known, derive their origin from two sources, viz., first, from 
 emigrant ancestors, who settled in Pennsylvania, and second, 
 from Nicholas Worthington, who came to New England in 
 1650. Three brothers— John, Samuel, and Thomas Worth- 
 ington — emigrated from Lancashire, England, about the be- 
 ginning of the eighteenth century, and reached Byberry, 
 Philadelphia Co., in 1705. They were all members of 
 the Society of Friends. One of the brothers, Samuel, re- 
 sided in Byberry until 1732, and some time after removed 
 to the Eastern Shore of Maryland, where he died. A de- 
 scendant is said to have been a member of Congress, and 
 another a governor of Ohio while it was a Territory. 
 
 John Worthington, the eldest of these brothers, was a 
 weaver, and married, about 1720, Mary, daughter of 
 Thomas Walmsley, and settled on property since occupied 
 by Joshua Worthington, in the northern end of Byberry. 
 He died 1st mo. 14, 1777, and his wife 4th mo. 18, 1754. 
 Their children were Elizabeth, Mary, Thomas, Hannah, 
 John, William, Isaac, Joseph, Martha, Benjamin, and 
 Esther. Isaac, born 6th mo. 13, 1735, married, Nov. 22, 
 1760, Martha, daughter of John Carver, of Buckingham, 
 Buck's Co., and they removed to Chester County in 1783, 
 he having purchased a farm in West Goshen, near. the 
 northeast part of the present borough of West Chester. 
 He died in 1800. Their children were Mary, William, 
 John, Amos, Elizabeth, Ebcr, and Joseph. 
 
 Of these, William married, Oct. 15, 1785, Amy, daughter 
 of John Underwood, of West Chester. He was a justice 
 of the peace and also sheriff of the county. He had 
 (among other children) a son John, who, like his father, 
 was a justice of the peace. He married Phebe Moore, and 
 purchased the residence of his father in West Goshen (after 
 his death), where he lived the remainder of his days. He 
 died Oct 9, 1872. He was familiarly known as Esquire 
 John Worthington, to distinguish him from his cousin, 
 John T. Worthington. 
 
 Eber Worthington (another son of Isaac) married Lucy, 
 widow of John Patton, and daughter of John Underwood. 
 He Ion- kept the Turk's Head hotel, in West Chester. 
 Their children were Emily, who married William Siter ; 
 Harriett, who married Jesse Conard, Esq. ; and Francina, 
 who married Daniel Buckwalter, Esq. 
 
 Amos Worthington, another son of Isaac, born 9th mo.. 
 
778 
 
 HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 1773, married Jane Taylor, 10th mo. 24, 1799, and died 
 Jan. 3, 1834. Their children were Isaac, John Taylor, 
 Wilmer, Carver, Malinda, Amos, and Lewis. Wilmer 
 Worthington was born Jan. 22, 1804, in West Goshen 
 township. His primary education was received in the 
 neighborhood school, and afterwards completed at West 
 Chester Academy. He studied medicine under Dr. Wil- 
 liam Darlington, and graduated at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania in March, 1825. He located in Byberry town- 
 ship, Philadelphia Co., but at the end of six months re- 
 moved to West Chester, where he continued to reside to 
 the end of his life, a period of fifty years, nearly the whole 
 of which was steadfastly devoted to the arduous work of his 
 profession. He was married Sept. 28, 1826, to Elizabeth, 
 daughter of William Hemphill, Esq., by which union eight 
 children were born. In 1839, Dr. Worthington was ap- 
 pointed by Governor Porter physician at the Lazaretto, 
 which he held for three years. He was one of the found- 
 ers of the Chester County Medical Society, also that of the 
 State, as well as of the " American Medical Association," 
 to which he was a delegate at its first meeting in Balti- 
 more in 1847. He was president of the State Society in 
 1850, and from 1863 to 1866 was one of the editors of the 
 Medical Reporter, a quarterly journal issued by the medi- 
 cal societies of Chester and Delaware Counties. He was a 
 director in the Bank of Chester County, and in the West 
 Chester and Philadelphia Railroad Company; also presi- 
 dent of the board of managers of the Oaklands Cemetery. 
 In 1833 he was elected a member of the State House of 
 Representatives, and was influential in securing the passage 
 of the school law of 1834, the basis of the Common- 
 wealth's present splendid educational system. He was 
 originally a Democrat, but became a Republican on the 
 formation of that party. He was elected to the State 
 Senate in 1863, and re-elected in 1866, serving in all six 
 years, and at the session of 1866 he was chosen Speaker. 
 He was afterwards a member of the State Board of Chari- 
 ties, and its general agent and secretary, traveling the first 
 year over eleven thousand miles, visiting the various prisons, 
 etc. His health forced him, in 1873, to resign this posi- 
 tion. He died Sept. 11, 1873, and in his death the State, 
 the church, the cause of education, the medical profession, 
 and the public generally sustained a great loss. In all the 
 relations of life his character and example are worthy of 
 imitation. 
 
 Of the children of Dr. Wilmer Worthington, his son, 
 William Hemphill Worthington, graduated M.D. at the 
 University of Pennsylvania in 1849, and practiced his pro- 
 fession in West Chester, served as surgeon during the war 
 in the 9th, 63d, 97th, and 99th Regiments Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, and died in 1865. 
 
 Of the other children of Amos and Jane (Taylor) 
 Worthington, Isaac married Rebecca Newlin, John T. mar- 
 ried Rachel Matson, Carver married Ruth Reed, daughter 
 of William and Mary (Branson) Reed, Malinda married 
 John Marshall, Amos died young, and Lewis married Caro- 
 line Wilson. 
 
 Carver Worthington owned and for many years lived on 
 the old homestead of his father in West Goshen, but re- 
 moved to West Chester before his death. His oldest 
 
 daughter is the wife of Hon. William B. Waddell. The 
 only child of John and Malinda (Worthington) Marshall 
 is the wife of Evans Rogers, Esq. 
 
 Dr. John Worthington was the second son of Isaac and 
 Martha Worthington, and was born in Buckingham, Bucks 
 Co., Jan. 21, 1771. He removed to Goshen township, 
 Chester Co., with his father when about twelve years old. 
 He received a tolerable English education prior to his en- 
 tering upon the study of medicine. The first part of his 
 medical studies was prosecuted in the oflSce of Dr. Jacob 
 Ehrenzeller, living on the adjoining farm to his father, and 
 the latter part under the care of Dr. Joseph Moore, of West 
 Chester. He attended the lectures of the University of 
 Pennsylvania, and in 1795 began the practice of his pro- 
 fession in Pughtown, where he remained until 1801, when 
 he removed to Byberry township, Philadelphia Co., where 
 he continued in an extensive practice until his death, on 
 Nov. 24, 1831. Nov. 1, 1804, he was married to Eliza- 
 beth Comly, by whom he had two sons and three daughters. 
 He was a much-respected physician, and resided in Chester 
 County eighteen years. He was an uncle of Dr. Wilmer 
 Worthington, of Lewis, Carver, John Taylor, and Isaac 
 Worthington, and of Mrs. John Marshall. 
 
 Lewis Worthington, born March 4, 1814, at West 
 Chester, was the son of Amos and Jane (Taylor) Worth- 
 ington, who were the parents of seven children, viz. : Isaac, 
 John T., Wilmer, Carver, Malinda (m. to John Marshall), 
 and Lewis. Lewis was reared on a farm, and learned the 
 business of a druggist, which he followed until his marriage. 
 He was married Oct. 16j 1835, to Caroline E. Wilson, 
 daughter of David and Eliza (Siter) Wilson, of Tredyfirin 
 township. To them were born three children, — David 
 Wilson, Jennie Taylor (m. to Charles Colfelt), and Amos 
 E. (dec'd). Three years after his marriage he removed to 
 East Whiteland township, and in 1864 settled on the pres- 
 ent homestead of his widow, an elegant place, called " Ma- 
 plewood." He was engaged many years in the lumber, 
 coal, and feed business at Malin's Station. His two sons 
 were both married, — Amos E. to Alice Lee, and David 
 Wilson to Sally M. Walker. He was township assessor 
 for many years ; served in the school board, and was re- 
 peatedly called by the people to other local positions. At 
 the time of his death, Feb. 14, 1872, he was a director of 
 the Downingtown National Bank. He was a consistent 
 member of Presbyterian Church, and took great interest in 
 the cause of temperance, in the furtherance of which he 
 was often at the head of the Sons of Temperance. Origi- 
 nally a Democrat, on the breaking out of the Rebellion he 
 identified himself with the Republican party, and was an 
 active supporter of the war. He always took a great in- 
 terest in the County Agricultural Society. He was a man 
 highly esteemed in the community for his integrity, public 
 spirit, and many estimable qualities that made his name a 
 respected one. 
 
 YARNALL, Francis, " of Stone Creek head," and 
 Hannah Baker were married in 1686, and lived for some 
 time in Springfield township, but he died in Willistown in 
 1721. Prior to his marriage he was a member of Darby 
 Monthly Meeting, and afterwards of Chester. His chil- 
 dren were as follows: Sarah, b. 5, 28, 1687, m. Wil- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 779 
 
 Tij.jtc^n^ rtff^tu^^i^^i^ 
 
 See biography on page 778.) 
 
 liam Askew ; John, b. 10, 24, 1688, m. 9, 21, 1722, to 
 Ann Coppock, and 8, 31, 1728, to Jane Thomas; Peter, 
 b. 8, 20, 1690, m. Alice Worrilowin 1715 ; Moses, b. 10th 
 mo., 1692, m. Oct. 28, 1726, to Dowse Davies; Francis, b. 
 12, 24, 1694, m. 1717, to Mary Baker, and 1, 28, 1734, to 
 Mary Morris, widow; Joseph, b. 5, 13, 1697, m. Mary 
 Townsend, 1, 25, 1736 ; Amos, b. 1, 28, 1700, died 12, 4, 
 1789, m. 3,18, 1727, to Mary Ashbridge, and 12,, 28. 
 1750-1, to Sarah Garrett, widow of Samuel ; Daniel, b. 7, 
 1, 1703, d. 1726, unmarried; Mordecai, b. 7, 11, 1705, 
 m. in 1733, Catharine Meredith, and in 1745 to Mary 
 Roberts. 
 
 Mordecai Yarnall was recommended as a minister 11, 17, 
 1731-2, and traveled considerably in that capacity. He 
 resided in Willistown until 1747, when he removed to 
 Philadelphia. His first wife died in 1741, leaving chil- 
 dren, — Sarah, Ellen, Hannah, and Catharine. By his 
 second wife he was the father of Mary, Mordecai, Edward, 
 Lydia, Ann, Elizabeth, Peter, Deborah, and Jane. 
 
 Peter Yarnall, his son, born 2, 17, 1754, was placed an 
 apprentice within the limits of Uwchlan Monthly Meeting, 
 to which he was recommended by certificate dated 10th 
 mo., 1770. Owing to a difference with his master he in 
 1772, at the age of eighteen years, left him and enlisted in 
 the military service, from which, after some trouble, his 
 friends obtained his release. After arriving at age he com- 
 menced the study of medicine ; but upon the revolt of the 
 American colonies in 1 776 he entered the American ser- 
 vice, acting generally as surgeon's mate in various divisions 
 of the army and in several hospitals. Towards the close 
 of 1788 his health failed to such a degree that he was dis- 
 
 missed from the service at his own request. He again re- 
 sumed the study of medicine, and in February, 1779, the 
 College of Medicine of Philadelphia conferred on him the 
 degree of Doctor of Medicine. He immediately resumed 
 his connection with the military service, and sailed as sur- 
 geon's mate on board the privateer ship "Delaware." He 
 returned in the following June, and attended strictly to. the 
 practice of the Pennsylvania Hospital. A change now 
 came over his religious feelings, he again united himself 
 with the Quakers, and in 1780 appeared in the ministry.. 
 About this time he removed to Concord township and es- 
 tablished himself in the practice of medicine. In 1782 he 
 married Hannah, the daughter of Benjamin Sharpless, of 
 Middletown. He continued to reside in Concord till 1791, 
 when he removed to Horsham, Montgomery Co., where 
 his wife died in 1795. In 1797 he married Hannah 
 Thornton, of Byberry, but died in 1798, aged forty-five 
 years. Peter Yarnall was a man of ability, was skillful as 
 a physician, and became eminent as a minister of the gos- 
 pel among Friends. 
 
 Philip Yarnall was a member of Darby Monthly 
 Meeting as early as 1684. He probably resided with his 
 brother Francis, in Springfield, until his marriage, in 1694, 
 to Dorothy Baker, when it is supposed he settled in Edg- 
 mont. He died in 1734, and his widow in 1743. Their chil- 
 dren were as follows: John, b. 1, 5, 1694-5, d. 7, 5, 1749, m. 
 Abigail Williamson, by whom he had five children ; Philip, 
 b. 9, 29, 1696, m. Mary Hoopes, 2, 24, 1720 ; Job, b. 1, 28, 
 
 1698 ; Sarah, b. 8, 25, 1700, m. Ellis ; Benjamin, b. 
 
 8, 20, 1702 ; Thomas, b. 6, 10, 1705, m. Martha Ham- 
 mans, 9, 21, 1734 ; Nathan, b. 12, 27, 1707, d. 1, 10,1780, 
 
780 
 
 HISTOEY OP CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA; 
 
 m. Eachel Jackson, 8, 13, 1731 ; Samuel, b. 2, 12, 1710 ; 
 
 Rebecca, b. 6, 6, 1712, m. Jones ; Mjary, b. 8, 23, 
 
 1718, m. Samuel Milner. 
 
 The descendants of this family are very numerous, and 
 especially in Delaware County. 
 
 YEARSLEY, John, of Middlewich, in Cheshire, Eng- 
 land, came to Pennsylvania in 1700, and settled in Thorn- 
 bury, where he died in 1708. His wife's name was Eliza- 
 beth, and they had children,— Elizabeth, m. 12, 18, 1701, 
 to Moses Key ; John ; Ann, m. Jacob Vernon, 1701 ; Sa- 
 rah, b. 5, 28, 1690, d. 6, 9, 1690 ; Hannah, b. 3, 22, 1693, 
 m. 1, 13, 1717-8, to Peter Hatton ; Martha, b. 4, 14, 1696, 
 m. John Palmer, Jr., 9, 4, 1714. 
 
 John Yearsley, Jr., m. in 1710, Sarah Conway, daughter 
 of Thomas and Mary, of New Castle County, and had chil- 
 dren, — Isaac, m. to Phebe Heald ; Elizabeth, m. to John 
 
 and removed to East Fallowfield before 1780, and Jan. 4, 
 1780, released his portion of the one hundred and twenty- 
 six acres to Robert Young. Robert was born Jan. 16, 
 1748, and married, in 1775, Martha Shields, and died June 
 24, 1814. She was the daughter of James Shields, and 
 was born May 12, 1754, and died Feb. 13, 1837. After 
 his marriage Robert lived on the homestead, now included 
 in the farm on the Ercildoun and Coatesville road, imme- 
 diately adjoining on southwest that sold by widow of late 
 George Young (son of Robert) to and now occupied by 
 John Newlin. Robert in the Revolutionary war was 
 wagon-master in Pennsylvania forces. In 1777 was assessor 
 of Newlin township. He was a Presbyterian and a strong 
 patriot, but his wife was a Baptist. Of their thirteen chil- 
 dren, two died in infancy, and the others were Mary, David, 
 Eleanor, James, Robert, Thomas, ■ George, John, Mary, 
 
 DAVID TOUNG. 
 
 Heald ; Jacob, m. to Susanna Chamberlin ; Mary, m. to 
 Joseph Williamson ; Thomas, m. to Haunah Mercer ; Na- 
 than, m. to Susanna Wright. . 
 
 John, the father, died 1748, and his son Thomas in 1770. 
 Isaac, son of Thomas, married Mary Davis, 11, 11, 1784, 
 and settled after a time in West Cain township. He had 
 children, — James, Isaac, Thomas, Mary, John, Nathan, 
 and perhaps others. 
 
 YOUNG, David. — Ninian Young, the first Young in 
 East Fallowfield township, and one of his sons came from 
 Yarmouth, county of Suifolk, England, on its east coast. 
 In 1747 he owned in this township considerable land, and 
 erected buildings thereon before he died, in 1765. In his 
 willofSept.3, 1762, he bequeathed "Yarmouth" (homestead 
 farm) to his wife, Eleanor, and after her death to their two 
 younger sons, Samuel and Robert. Eleanor died prior to 
 1780. Samuel married Mary, daughter of John Coburn, 
 
 Samuel, and Martha. Of these, David was born May 23, 
 1779, at " Yarmouth," now known as the Harlan place, 
 assisted his father there and devoted some attention to 
 carpentry till about 1796, when he went as agent for his 
 uncle, Thomas Shields (his maternal uncle), to Wayne 
 Co., Pa., the latter having invested quite largely in lands 
 in that part of the State ; while there David married, Dec. 
 26, 1797, Elizabeth Conklin, born Nov. 18, 1773, and who 
 died Feb. 17, 1824. Prior to 1813 he was a resident of 
 Wayne County, and in November of that year bought of 
 his brothers, James and Robeft, Jr., one-half of one hun- 
 dred and fifty-six acres in East Fallowfield, and there re- 
 moved. On death of his brother James he purchased the 
 latter's half of above tract and settled on same. His son 
 James now occupies it, on the old Strasburg and West 
 Chester road, one-fourth mile from Youngstown. In 
 autumn of 1825 he was again married, to Elizabeth Lig- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. 
 
 781 
 
 gett, of East Nantmeal, and she died April 10, 1860. 
 David was a man of most active habits, and lived a long 
 life. Until the day of his death he continued to assist in 
 the cultivation of his farm. He died suddenly when on 
 his way to Wilmington, Del., with a load of hay, and when 
 seven miles from home, of apoplexy, Feb. 15, 1853. His 
 two wives were burled at Hepzibah. His children were, 
 by his first wife, viz. : Martha, m. Robert Faddis, and 
 dec'd ; Ellen, m. Robert Wilson, and dec'd ; Susan, m. 
 Amos Speakman ; Elizabeth, m. Robert Faddis, and dec'd ; 
 Mary V., dec'd, unmarried; Thomas S., b. Sept. 27, 1808, 
 is a farmer and lives on Coatesville and Ercildoun road, 
 near the old Young homestead, and is unmarried; Hannah 
 S., b. Feb. 12, 1812, is unmarried, and lives with her 
 brother, Thomas S. ; Caroline, d. in her second year ; Em- 
 meline, m. Thomas Truman ; David, Jr., m. first, Marga- 
 ret Gordon, and second, Jane Burkalew ; James, m. Emma 
 M. Pierce. David Young was a Presbyterian in religious 
 faith, held various township ofiSces, and was universally re- 
 spected in the community. 
 
 John Young, who is supposed to have come from Eng- 
 land, purchased land in West Bradford about the year 
 1744, and settled there the following spring. He married 
 Elizabeth, widow of Thomas Thornbury, and daughter of 
 Richard Woodward, of that township. His son John 
 married Rebecca, daughter of Thomas and Ruth Sheward, 
 and their son, the third John, married, first, Ann Wood- 
 ward, and second, Mary Gray. By the first wife there 
 were nine children, and by the second seven, of whom only 
 two are living. 
 
 George Young, a son of the first wife, was born 9, 17, 
 1817, and married, first, Emily Jane Maxton, who left one 
 child, Mary Phebe, married to Ebenezer Speakman. His 
 second wife, Phebe B., is the daughter of Ellis and Ann 
 (Marshall) Patterson, her mother being a daughter of 
 James Marshall, a brother to Dr. Moses Marshall, Seoior. 
 They were married in 1848, and have had six children, — 
 George Wilson, John Ellis, Emmarene (m. to Willis J. 
 Hoopes, and now a widow), Susanna T., Sarah Elma, and 
 Clara M. His farm in Newlin is part of the old Bentley 
 tract of 400 acres, upon which John Bentley settled about 
 1727. Of this George Young has 258 acres, with 93 acres 
 below. The homestead farm was bought in part by his 
 grandfather, in 1813, from Richard Woodward, and in 
 1816 from the heirs of Robert Chalfant. His grandfather's 
 descendants, though not numerous, own about 2500 acres 
 of land in this vicinity. His great-grandfather died about 
 1793, his grandmother in 1820, and his grandfather in 
 182l' George is a plain, hard-working, and successful 
 farmer whose°pride is in his well-tilled fields and good stock. 
 John Russell YouNG.-The family of this distm- 
 ..uished journalist is of Scotch-Irish extraction. His grand- 
 Father was born in the north of Ireland, and had five chil- 
 dren —William, James B., Thomas, George Rankm, and 
 John Russell. The fourth son, George Rankin Young, 
 was born about 1815, and married, in 1837, Elizabeth Ran- 
 kin They resided for some years in Downingtown, Ches- 
 ter Co during which period their son, John Russell Young, 
 the journalist, was born there, Nov. 20, 1840. The family 
 in 1844 removed to Philadelphia, where the son attended 
 
 school until the death of his mother, in 1851. In Novem- 
 ber of the year following he went to New Orleans to live 
 with his uncle, James R. Young, who was engaged in busi- 
 ness at that place. He there attended the High School 
 until 1855, working a part of the time as a printer's boy 
 in the office of the Creole newspaper. He then returned 
 to Philadelphia and entered the employment of William 8. 
 Young. 
 
 In Mr. Young's office he was employed as proof-reader 
 and printer for several years, and there early manifested a 
 wonderful skill in the deciphering, of all kinds of illegible 
 manuscript, — an accomplishment perhaps to which he owes 
 in part his subsequent preferment in certain quarters. 
 While with William S. Young, John Russell, notwith- 
 standing his daily employment was a sedentary one, devoted 
 much of his spare time to such reading as was suited to his 
 tastes. He seemed, too, to turn all good to account ; for 
 whatever he heard read or learned he retained, and was ever 
 ready in answering questions on almost any subject. In 
 1857 he went on the Philadelphia Press, being engaged in 
 the proof-reading department of that paper. The next 
 year he became its reporter. In 1860 he was made news 
 editor. Daring 1861 he went to Washington as correspond- 
 ent, joined the army, and was in the battle of Bull Run. 
 He remained with our forces around Washington until 
 McClellan went to the Peninsula, where he witnessed the 
 battle of Williamsburg. Being recalled by Col.. Forney, 
 in May, 1862, Young was made chief editor of the Press. 
 In February, 1864, he went to New Orleans again. This 
 time he accompanied Gen. Banks through the Red River 
 country, being present at all the battles. 
 
 In April, 1865, he resigned from The Press, and in 
 September became a member of the editorial staff of the 
 New York Tribune, of which he was made the managing 
 editor by Mr. Greeley in May following. He subsequently 
 accompanied Gen. Grant in his tour around the world, an 
 account of which has been written by him and published. 
 (See article on Bibliography.) 
 
 ZOOK.— Ulrich and Peter Zug, brothers, came from 
 Switzerland in 1719, family tradition says from the neigh- 
 borhood of Lake Ziig, and that the cause of their leaving 
 home was religious persecution. Ulrich settled near Eliza- 
 beth, in Lancaster County, and Peter near Germantown. 
 Peter brought with him a German family Bible, of Luther's 
 translation, which was printed in Zurich in 1589, and is 
 still preserved in the family. He belonged to the religious 
 sect termed Amish, or Omish, and for several generations 
 his descendants remained of the same faith. 
 
 In 1770, Morritz Zug, son of Peter, purchased and re- 
 moved to the property in West Whiteland township now 
 owned by his descendant, Jacob M. Zook. The family 
 record of Morritz Zug, as found in the old German Bible, 
 is John, born 1748 ; Christian, 1750 ; Henry, Ascension- 
 day, 1752 ; Jacob, 1757 ; Ein Dochter ist geboren, 1759 ; 
 Abraham, 1761 ; Francis, 1763. 
 
 Jacob Ziig, son of Morritz, on the death of his father, 
 became the owner of the property. In his time the spell- 
 incr of the name was anglicized to Zook. He was the father 
 of°thirteen children,-Magdaline, born 1780 ; Francis and 
 a twin who died an infant; Nancy; John, born April 1, 
 
782 
 
 HISTOKY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 1786 ; Charity, Leah, Rachel, Elizabeth, Christian, and a 
 twin, who died an infant; Jacob, born 1803; and Phebe, 
 born 1808. The mother of these children, and first wife 
 of Jacob Zook, was G ertrude Kenege. His second wife was 
 Mary Willauer, by whom he had one son, Maurice, who 
 died in infancy. 
 
 John Zook, the eldest son of Jacob, inherited the farm 
 of his father.. He married, in 1815, Elizabeth Mast, whose 
 grandfather, Jacob Mast, came from Germany, an orphan, 
 aged twelve years, in 1750. John Zook was a man of strict 
 integrity, and led a long and useful life. He died in 1868. 
 
 His wife, Elizabeth, was a woman of marked usefulness, 
 and ever ready to act the part of a neighbor in the truest 
 sense of the term. 
 
 Their children were Isaac M., born 1817 ; Elhanan, 
 1819 ; Jacob M., April 19, 1821 ; Rachel M., 1823 ; Mary, 
 Ann, Elizabeth, John, and Elmira A. 
 
 Jacob M. Zook married Rebecca, daughter of George G. 
 Ashbridge, of Downingtown. Their children are Mary T., 
 Rachel V. A., Elizabeth, Jane D., and Jacob. These chil- 
 dren are the fifth generation of the family who have resided 
 in the old homestead. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 ROSTER OF THE CHESTER COUNTY SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-65. 
 
 As far as a,cce:jsible from the Slate records, the following Kst 
 embraces the names of all who went from Chester County to battle for 
 the defense of America's free institutions. First are enumerated the 
 three months' men, then those in the three years' service, embracing 
 •infantry, cavalry, and artilley, up to and including the Two Hundred 
 and Thirteenth l{egiment, after which are set forth in detail the mi- 
 litia organizations of 1862, followed by the emergency troops and 
 State militia of 1863. Of course a great many soldiers went from 
 this county whose names are not herein found and which were not 
 obtainable, from the fact of their having enlisted in organizations 
 effected in other counlieE<, often in other States, and many in the naval 
 service. But every name is given as found in the adjutant-general's 
 office of Pennsylvania as having been recruited for a Chester County 
 organization. 
 
 SECOND REGT. PA. VOL. INF. 
 Begimeutal qr.-mr. George F. Smith, pro. from Co. G. 
 COMPANY G. 
 (Recruited at West Chester, and mustered in April 20th, the day before the 
 organization of the regiment.) 
 
 Capt., Benjamin H. Sweney ; Ist lieut., Christian Wyck ; 2d lieut., Joha H, 
 Babb ; 1st sergt., Charles H. Arison ; 2d sergt., Charles T. Sweeney ; 3d 
 sergt., Charles Kelly; 4th sergt., George Marshall; 1st Corp., John J. 
 Hoopes ; 2d Corp., Franklin Eachus ; 3d Corp., Juhu Schlegel ; 4th Corp., 
 Joseph Sweeney ; musicians, Austin Fitheau, George Brown. 
 
 Pnuate«. 
 George Bnrus, Jesse J. Bennett, Edwin Birdsell, Harry Baker, Jacob Bucher, 
 Thomas CosgrilT, Joseph Commite, William Kirk, Joseph M. Lucas, John G. 
 Marshall, Abraham Marshall, James McWilliams, James Mulligan, Ahuer 
 McCartney, Edward McWilliams, Tuwnsend Clark, Patrick Carter, William 
 Carr, James Coughlin, Dominick Cummins, William Crawford, Edward 
 D. Davidson, Thomas Dolly, Nathan Dawney, Smith Dritton, Henry En- 
 triken, Daniel Ferrill, Bussel P. Fisk, John Flynn, Jatob Graul, John Gil- 
 lespie, Samuel Holmes, William H. Hennessey, Amos Harry, James Haulon, 
 Franklin Hoopes, William E. Harp, Joseph Hendricksun, Walter Hibbard, 
 Walter Hilliugsworth, William W. James, William Miles, William Mari- 
 arty, Patrick McCartney, Thomas Preston, John Bodebach, Mahlun Smith, 
 William B. Snyder, William F. Smith, George F. Smith, Samuel Serverd, 
 Joseph Steel, John Sullivan, John Springer, Joseph Steddem, Milton Taylor, 
 Joseph H. Taylor, Robert Williams, Joseph M. Wiudle, Casper Wickershaju, 
 John Warmouth, Charles Whiting, James Watts, James West, Joseph H. 
 Walton, William Wattera, Jacob Yough, Alfred Young. 
 
 NINTH REGT. PA. VOL. INFT. 
 (Three months' service.) 
 COMPANY A. 
 (Recruited at West Chester, and mustered in April 24, 1801.) 
 Capt, Henry K. Guss; 1st lieut., Francis M. Guss; 2d lieut., Richard D. Town- 
 send; Ist sergt., Lewis Y. Evans; 2d sergt., John C. McKay; 3d sergt., 
 Jami Powell; 4th sergt., Thomas J. Townsend; Ist Corp., Ephraim E. 
 Black; 2d corp., Thomas B. Weber; 3d Corp., Thomas McKay; 4th corp., 
 Abel Griffith ; musicians, James St. John, William S. St. John. 
 Priuate3. 
 William S. Abel, Johnson C. Baldwin, David Birney, Albanus Bickings, Henry 
 W Caruthers, William H. Dock, Jacob Daub.uan, John Donley, George 
 Davis Bayard Dailey, Bees Davis, Alfred L. Dutton, Reese B. Button, 
 James P. Donley, John E. Davis, B. Powell Fithian, William C. Ferrell, 
 Isaac Finch, Morgan ferrell, Franklin Frame, William Floyd, Isaac Fawkee, 
 William Gardner, William George, Taylor Gill, F. Sharpless Hickman, 
 George Hawkins, David Hutchinson, Eobert J. Hall, Robert A. Hamill, 
 Matthew M. Hopkins, Mahlon P. Jenkins, T. Ehoads Johnson, George Jen- 
 kins, William K. Keech, John Kennedy, James G. Keech, ames Lmton, 
 William Lovell, John Lupoid, Phineas Lewis, WiUiam McKay, John Mar- 
 rlB, Blwood- Morgan, JetTerson Massey, Elisha W. Middleton, William H. 
 
 A 
 
 Martin, Bernard McDermott, William Meteer, John McNamel, WiUiam H. 
 H. Pearce, Aaron B. Perry, Alfred Peace, Samuel S. Peace, William Pear- 
 son, Taylor Richardson, Jervis J. Budolph, John Rogers, 0. B. Strickland, 
 Charles Stone, Benjimiin Stackhouse, Sylvester Stott, Isaac B. Taylor, An- 
 drew K. Wright. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 (Recruited at West Chester, and mustered in April 22, 1801.) 
 Capt., James F. Andress; 1st lieut,, De Witt C.Lewis; 2d lieut, W. Montgomery 
 Hickson; 1st sergt, William McConuell; 2d sergt., Davis E. Townsend ; 3d 
 sergt., Samuel Burns, Jr. ; 4th sergt., Thomas L. Lewis ; 1st corp., Samuel 
 J. Thompson ; 2d coi-p., Cyrus D. Hoopes ; 3d corp., Hamilton S. Thomas ; 
 4th Corp., William W. Stott ; musicians, Casper Fahnestock, John W. Way. 
 
 Privaies. 
 William H, Burns, Edmund Buckley, Heniy C. Baker, William Baker, John M. 
 Boyles, Edward 0. Bennett, John Brubaker, Robert McBride, David A. 
 Chandler, Patrick Connell, James L. Chandler, Martin H. pnun, William 
 Fimple, Robert FergusoQ, Samuel D. Fiithey, James Friel, William Ferry, 
 P. Atwood Gould, James Gammel, William Glendiug, Jacob Hoopes, Hugh 
 Hale, Jauies Uadley, Joseph Haloes, John E. Huntsman, Levi Kirk, Wil- 
 liam Kennedy, Chandler Kirk, Isaac Lapp, James L. Maxt^in, Martin V. B. 
 Maxton, William McCormick, Wilmer Moulder, Mark Milbourn, Jamts 
 McCoUough, John McCue, Lewis Meredith, Clarkson McDowell, John D. 
 McCorkle, George Miles, James Moore, William Otley, William O'Brieu, 
 Aaron J. Phipps, Benjamin R. Rockey, James Kiley, William B. Strickland, 
 Charles D. Springer, Samuel D. Smith, George L. Smith, William Smith, 
 Abiah T. Smedley, Isaac Smedle3', Jesse Taggart, Charles B, Taylor, Henry 
 C. Valentine, Isaac A. Vernon, Elwood Vandever, George D. Wilson, Lewis 
 Wilson, WilUam W. West, James B. Walton, William H. Wright. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 (Recruited at West Chester, and mustered in April 22, 1801.) 
 
 Capt, Samuel Huffty, Jr. ; 1st lieut., David .Tones; 2d lieut., Joseph T. Burnett ; 
 
 1st sergt., Josiah Burnett, Jr. ; 2d sergt., Don Juan Wallings ; 3d sei-gt., 
 
 Elijah B. Tliomas; 4th sergt., Elwood B. Baldwin; 1st corp., George D. 
 
 Townsend ; 2d corp., Joseph F. To*nsend ; 3d corp,, George F. Bailey ; 4th 
 
 Corp., Benjamin H. Downing; musicians, Henry Q. Yocum, Arthur B. 
 
 Yeager. 
 
 PrivaleB. 
 
 Edwin T. Ahn, Benjamin F. Ahn, Thomas V. Bailey, William W. Bear, Wil- 
 liam L. Bittler, Eobert Baldwin, Francis A. Brown, Elliott Brown, George 
 Boufleld, Joshua Bailey, Eobert L. Black, Jeptha Clark, William H. Clark, 
 John L. Carberty, David B, Caruthera, Dennis W, Downing, Kersey H. 
 Drummond, Hilbern Darlington, Lewis J. Ford, John P. Ford, John Ford, 
 Daniel H. Frease, Thomas B. Guest, Frederick Greiner, William Harvey, 
 John Hickman, Daniel Hickman, Jacob C. Henry, Job Hayes, Jr., William 
 H. H. Howard, George W. Irwin, William D. Jeffries, Patrick Kern, Tlieo- 
 do're Kiokham, Joel Lewis, John Mills, George P. Matthews, William C. 
 Miles, John H. Minster, Enos McCafferty, John McClure, Christian Miles, 
 William D. McAfee, Edward O'Neill, David Potts, Lewis J. Pinkerton, 
 Henry Pattzgrober, David Bobinsou, Benjamin Riley, Joseph Russell, John 
 H. Ehodwalt, Benjamin F. Skeen, Thomas H. Short, Eobert Skeen, Jr., 
 Cooper Smith, Columbus Smith, George W. Wesley, Coleman Wynn, Henry 
 C, Wilson, Lewis Worrall, William D, Webster, Philip Willard, Jr. 
 
 TWENTY-SIXTH RBGT. PA. VOLS. 
 Surg. L. K. Kirk, rank from Oct. 16, 1863 ; must, out with regt. June 18, 1864. 
 
 TWENTY-SEVENTH REGT. PA. VOLS. 
 Assist.-surg. E. B. Heckel, rank from March 14, 1863; must out with regt June 
 11, 1864. 
 
 TWENTY-NINTH REGT. PA. VOLS. 
 
 Assist-surg. J. Porter Dowlin, rank from Aug. 4, 1862; pro. to asst-surg. U. S. 
 Vols. Nov. n, 1864. 
 THIRTIETH REGT. PA. VOL. INF. (FIRST RESERVES). 
 • (Three years' service.) 
 
 Lt -Col Henry M. Mclntlre, must in June 4, 1801 ; disch. Jan. 7, 1863, for 
 ' wounds received at Charles City Cross-roads June 30, 1802. 
 
 i 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Adjt. Alfred Rupei"t, pro. to 1st lieut. and adjt. Jan. 27, 1863 ; to brev. capt. March 
 
 13, 18G5 ; wounded at Gettysburg ; must, out with regt. June 13, 1864. 
 Sorgt.-niaj. Isaac W. Kurtz, must, in June 8, 1861 ; must, out with regt, June 
 13, 1861. 
 
 COMPANY A (BRANDYWINE GUARDS). 
 (Recruited in Chester County.) 
 Capt. Henry M. Mclntire, must, in June 4, 1861 ; pro. to It.-col. June 4, 1861. 
 Capt. John "W. Kielde, must, in June 4, 1861; pro, to Ist lieut. June 9, 1861; to 
 
 lieut.-col. 104th Regt. P. Y. Oct. 10, 1861. 
 Capt. Mott Hooton, must, in June 4, 1861 ; pro. from Ist sergt. to 2d Heat. June 
 
 10, 1861; to capt. Oct. 16, 1861; to brev. maj. March 13,1864; must, out 
 
 with company June 13, 1864. 
 1st lieut. Charles B. Lamborn, must, in June 4,1861; pro. from 2d lieut. June 
 
 9, 1861 ; res. Feb. 17, 1863, to accept lieutenant-colonelcy of 15th Pa. Cav. 
 1st lieut. Cheyney W. Nields, must, in June 4, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to Ist sergt. 
 
 June 10,1861; to 2d lieut. Oct. 16, 1861 ; to 1st lieut. March 1,1863; res. 
 
 Nov. 2, 1863. 
 1st lieut. Brinton J. Parke, must, in July 26, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to Ist sergt. 
 
 Oct. 16, 1861 ; to 2d lieut. March 1, 1863 ; to 1st lieut. Nov. 14, 1863 ; to brev. 
 
 capt. March 13, 1863; must, out with company June 13, 1864; wounded at 
 
 Gettysburg. 
 1st sergt. Philip Price, must, in June 4, 1861 ; pro. to corp. July 1, 1861 ; to sergt. 
 
 June 10, 1862; to 1st sergt. March 1, 1863; com. as 2d lieut. Nov. 3, 1863 
 
 (not mustered); must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Sergt. William B. Hammond, must, in June 4, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Oct, 16, 1861 ; 
 
 must, out with company Juno 13, 1864. 
 Sergt. Joseph James, must, in June 4, 18U1 ; pro. to corp. Out. 16, 1862 ; to sergt. 
 
 March 1, 1863 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Sergt. Wilmer W. Miller, must, in June 4, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. July 26, 
 
 1861. 
 Sergt. Thomas J. Maloney, must, in June 4, 1861; pro. to sergt. June 9, 1861; 
 
 disch. tn accept promotion March 12, 1863. 
 Sergt. Emmor B. Cope, must, in June 4, 1861; pro. to sergt. June 9,1861; to 
 
 capt. and A. D. C. on staff of Mjy.-Gen. Warren, date unknown, 
 Sergt. James E, Mooney, must, in July 10, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt, P. V. 
 
 May 31, 18C4 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. L. M. Woodward, must, in June 4, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 
 
 31,1864; veteran. 
 Sergt. Benj. H. Jenkins, must, in July 26, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. March 1, 1863 ; 
 
 killed at Bethesda Church, Va , May 30, 1864. 
 Corp. Lutlier Mendenhall, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with company June 
 
 13,1864. 
 Corp. Frank Shellady, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, '64. 
 Corp. George Palmer, must in June 4, 1861; pro. to corp. Sept. 17, 1862; must. 
 
 out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Corp. Isaac R. Smith, must, in June 4, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1863; must. 
 
 out with company June 13, 18G4. 
 Corp. Joseph Darlington, must, in June 4, 1861 ; pro. to corp. March, 1863 ; must. 
 
 out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Corp. Wilson M. Mattack, must, in June 4, 1?61; pro. to corp. Nov. 6,1862; 
 
 must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Coi-p. Robert Futhey, must, in June 4, 1861 ; disch. October, 1862, to accept pro- 
 motion as Ist lieut. Co. 1, 175th Regt. P. V. 
 Corp. Henry Walters, must, in July 26, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 10, 1863. 
 Corp. Wm. H. Darlington, must, in June 4, 1861 ; disch. by special order of War 
 
 Dept. May 6, 1863. 
 Corp. Rolph Marsh, must, in June 4, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert., date unknown. 
 Corp. J. Wallace Scott, must, iu June 4, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 23, 1862, to accei)t 
 
 promotion. 
 Corp. Albert S. Evans, must, in June 4, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, date un- 
 known. 
 Corp. Chas. S. Sheaff, must, in June 4, 1861 ; trans, to Co. F Nov. 1, 1861. 
 Corp. George A. Mercer, must, in June 4, 1861 ; trans, to Co. E Nov. 3, 1862. 
 Corp. John E. Gillespie, must, in June 4, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 6, 1863 ; trans. 
 
 to Signal Corps Nov. 3, 1863. 
 Corp. John N. Bennett, must, in July 10, 1861; pro. to corp. May 30, 1864; trans. 
 
 to 190th Regt. P. v., March 31, 1864; veteran. 
 Corp. Hanford H. Rigg, must, iu June 4, 1861 ; trans, to 190tli Regt. P. V. May 
 
 31,1864; veteran. 
 Corp. Thos. S. Nields, must, in June 4, 1861 ; killed at Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862. 
 Corp. Jos. W. Oswald, must, in June 4, 1861 ; killed at Antietam Sept. 17. 1862. 
 Corp. Thns. C. Spackman, must, in Dec. 1, 1861 ; killed at Gettysburg July 2, '63. 
 Musician C. P, Cunningham, must, in June 4, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. 
 
 May 31, 1864; veteran, • 
 
 Privates. 
 Edward Blains, must, in June 4, 1861 ; wounded at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862; 
 
 must, out vith company June 13, 1864. 
 David R. P. Brinton, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, '64. 
 Lewis Brinton, must, iu June 4, 1861 ; must out with comp. June 13, 18G4. 
 Juhn K. Bugless, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 Thomas H. Bugless, must, in June 4, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. February, 1862. 
 William C. Brogan, must, in June 4, 1861; disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 12, 1862. 
 John Bugless, must. In June 4, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. October, 1862. 
 Mat. Barker, must, in June 4, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Ros. Corps, date unknown. 
 J. W. Buchanan, must, in July 10, 1861 ; killed at Gettysburg July 3, 1863. 
 Albert Carpenter, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 
 Myers S. Cbalfant, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 Wm. G. Cochran, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864, 
 Charles Caldwell, must, in July 10, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 James J. Creigh, must, in June 4, 1861 ; disch. Sept., 1862, to accept promotion. 
 Eli R. Catron, must, in June 4, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Bethesda Church May 
 
 30, 1864; died at Richmond, Ya., June 13, 1864. 
 Joseph W. Deneane, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 Chandler Darlingtou, must, iu June 4. 1861; disch. on surg. cert. July 26, 1861. 
 Edward Davis, must, in June 4, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. Y. May 31, 1864; 
 
 veteran. 
 John L, Fulton, must, in Juno 4, 1861 ; must out with company June 13, 1864. 
 John Fisher, must, in July 10, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1804. 
 Thomas R. Ferry, must, in July 26, 18C1 ; must, out with company June 13, '64. 
 Harmau Gregg, mnst. in Dec. 1, 1861 ; disch. July 16, 1863, for wounds received 
 
 in action July 30, 1862. 
 Perley W. Harvey, must, in June 4, 1H61 ; wounded at Jericho Ford, Ya.; absent 
 
 in hospital at muster out. 
 Charles H. Hickman, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, '64. 
 Pierce Houpes, Jr., must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 Davis E. Hannnni, must, iu June 4, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. July 26, 1861. 
 James G. Hoopes, must, in June 4, 1861 ; disch., date unknown. 
 W. H, Hennessey, must, in Sept. 20, 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 4*^h Regt. P. R. Y. C, 
 
 Feb. 1, 1862. 
 G.W.Harlan, must, iu July 10, "61 ; Irans.to lOOtb Regt. P. V. May 31, '64; vet. 
 Passmore W. Iloopes, must, in Sept. 20, 1861 ; trans, to 1901h Regt. P. V. May 31,* 
 
 1864. 
 J. W. Herrington, must, in July 26, 1^61 ; captured near Culpepper Cuurt-house 
 
 Oct. 11, 1863. 
 Tliomas Harkius, must, in July 10, 1861. 
 
 And. Hood, must, in July 10, 1«61 ; trans, to lonih Regt P. V. May 31, '64; vot. 
 Abner Hoopes, must, in Dec. 2, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt, P. Y. May 31, 1864. 
 Chas. H. Ingiain, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with company Juno 13, '64. 
 Wilson Irwin, must, in June 4, 1861; uiuist. out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Edward E. Jeffei ies, must, in June 4, 1861 ; disch on surg. cert, Jan. 10, 1863. 
 William C.Johnson, must, in June 4, 1861; disch., date unknown. 
 Hadley Lamhdrn, must, in June 4, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster-out. 
 John H. Law, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864, 
 George W, Large, must, in July 10, 1861 ; mnst. out with company June 13, 1864, 
 William G. Mell, must, in June 4, 186L ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. . 
 Pierson Mercer, niust. in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Andrew Madden, must, in Sept, 29, 1861. 
 
 Jas. T. McAllister, must, in June 4, 1861; must, out with company June 1-3, 1864. 
 Joseph R. Mclntyre, must, in July 10, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 7, 1862, 
 Thos. McCann, must, in June 6, 1861 ; trans, to Yet. Res. Corps, date unknown. 
 J. McLaughlin, must, in June 6, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, date unknown. 
 James McLaughlin, must, in Oct. 22, 1861 ; died Nov. 18, 1862. 
 Albion P. Otley, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Dilwyn Parker, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Jos. M. Proudfit, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Lewis M. Prall, must, in July 10, 1801; must, out with company June 13, 1861, 
 Wm, R. Paul, must in Dec. 1, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. Y. May 31, 1864. 
 Joseph L. Pratt, must, iu Dec. 1,1861 ; died Dec, 25,1862, of wounds received at 
 
 Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. 
 Lewis R. Robinson, must, in June 4, 1861; wounded at Bethesda Church May 
 
 30, 1864; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Enos M, Riissell, must, in June 4, 1861 ; disch. Nov, 10, 1862, for wounds received 
 
 at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. 
 Alfred Rupert, must, in June 4, 1861 ; pro, to 1st lieut and adjt June 27, 1863, 
 H, Ruhven, must, in Nov. 29, 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 33d Regt. P. Y., Feb. 1, '62. 
 Henry T. Smith, must in July 10, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Samuel H, Smith, must in June 4, 1861 ; wounded at Gettysburg July 2, 1863; 
 
 must out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Levi Smith, must, in June 4, 1861 ; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-house May 
 
 10, 1864; must out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Jos. H. Stott, must in July 10, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Chas. S. Stern, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must out with company June 13, 1864, 
 Jas. B. Shellady, must in June 4, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864, 
 Wm. S. Snare, must in June 4, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 17, 1863, to accept promotion. 
 Charles Speakman, must, in July 8, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 17, 1863. 
 Joseph L. Steward, must iu July 10, 1861; disch. on surg. cert. February, 1863. 
 Joseph M. Scott, must in July 10, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 11, 1863. 
 Wm. H. Turner, must, in June 4, 1861 ; must out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Geo. P. Taylor, must, in June 4, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 17, 1863. 
 Edward W. Tinsley, must in July 10, 1861 ; disch, on surg. cert, Dec. 25, 1863. 
 Abraham Tinsley, must in July 10, 1861 ; died Dec. 14, 1862, of wounds received 
 
 at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. 
 Joaepli Way, must, in June 4, lii6l ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 William H. Walters, must in July 9, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert February. 1862. 
 Rees Welsh, mnst. iu July 10, 1861; disch., date unknown, for wounds received 
 
 at Antietam Sept 17, 1862. 
 
 D. Young, must, in June 4, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. Y. May 31, 1864 ; vet. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 (Recruited in Chester and Delaware Counties.) 
 
 Capt. Samuel A. Dyer, must in May 31, 1861 ; pro. to lieut-col. 175th Regt P. Y 
 
 I?bv. 2, 1862. 
 Capt. Joseph R. T. Coates, must, in May 31, 1861 ; pro, from Ist lieut, to capt 
 
 March 1, '63 ; to brev. maj. March 13, '65 ; must out with comp. June 13, '64. 
 
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 Ill 
 
 1st Lieut. Gdwnrd Larkin, must in May 31,1861; pro. from 1st sergtto Ist lieut. 
 
 March 1, '63 ; to brev. capt. March 13, '6t ; must, out with comp. June 13, '64. 
 
 2d Lieut. John H. Taylor, must, in Sept. 5, 1861 ; Icilled at South Mountain Sept. 
 
 14, 1862. 
 2d Lieut. John M.Thompson, must, in May 31, 1861; pro. from aergt.to2d lieut. 
 Mar. 1, '63 ; to brev. 1st lieut. Mar. 13, '65 ; must, out with comp. June 13, '64. 
 Ist Sergt. J. Keen Vaughan, must, iu May 31, 1861 ; pro. to aeyt. 176th Regt. P. V. 
 
 Jan. 16, 1863. 
 Ist Sergt. Bernard W. Gause, must, in Dec. 28, 1863 ; trans, to 190th Bogt. P. V. 
 
 May 31, 1864. 
 Sergt. A. Hamilton, must, in May 31, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 Sergt. Wm. O. Kidgway, must, in May 31, '61; disch. on surg. cert. June 25, '63. 
 Sergt. C. Bonney, mnst.iu Feb. 20, '64; trans, to 100th Kegt. P. V. May 31, '64. 
 Sergt. Bobert H. Welsh, must, in May 31,1861 ; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. V. May 
 
 31, 1864 ; veteran. 
 Sergt T. McNnmee, mnst. iu Feb. 28, '64 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, '64. 
 Corp. J. Ashbridge, must, in May 31, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 Corp. John Jones, must, in July 10, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 Corp. David Lascom, must, in July 14, 1 86 1 ; must out. with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 Corp. George McAffee, must.in Aug. 14,1861; disch. for wounds received at Bull 
 
 Run Aug. 30, 1802. 
 Corp. Edward E. Flavill, must, in May 31, 1861; disch. June, 1861. 
 Corp. J. H. Williams, must, in May 31, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cort Dec. 22, 1861. 
 Corp. Lane Scl\ofield, most, iu May 31, 1861; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 
 
 31, 1864; veteran. 
 Corp. John McDonald, must, in May 31, 1861. 
 
 Musician Abram B. Vanzant, must, in May 31, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. 
 May 31, 1864; veteran. 
 
 Privaies, 
 
 Wm. J. Alrich, must, in Feb. 10, 1864; trans, to 190th Regt. P. T. May 31, 1864. 
 
 Samuel Ardis, nmst. in May 31, 1861. 
 
 Edward Butler, must, in May 31, 1861. 
 
 John Booth, must in July 10, 1861. 
 
 John Brophy, must in May 31, 1861. 
 
 William Bamford, must, in May 31, 1861. 
 
 William Clineff, must, in May 31, 1861 ; disch. July 24, 1861. 
 
 Aquilla Coates, must, in May 31, 1861 ; died Sept. 26, 1861. 
 
 William Curry, must, iu May 31, 1861. 
 
 James Dougherty, must, iu May 31, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 
 Charles Dougherty, must, in May 31, 1861; disch. July 24, 1861. 
 
 David Donelson, must, in May 31, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, 
 
 1864; veteran. 
 W. Dutton, must, in May 31, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 John Devlin, must, in May 31, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Bes. Corps Sept. 15, 1863 ; vet. 
 George Edwards, must, in July 8, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; 
 veteran. 
 
 Goo. Elliott, must, in July 8, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; vet. 
 E. Elliott, must, in May 31, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; vet. 
 
 Thomas Eversham, must, in May 31, 1861. 
 
 Geo. Fields, must, in July 8, 1861 ; disch. by order of War Dept. Jan. 26, 1863. 
 
 George Farrend, must, in May 31, 1861. 
 
 Michael Grady, must, in May 31, 1861. 
 
 Isaac Helms, must in May 31, 1861 ; must out with company June 13, 1864. 
 
 Edward Hiclsman, must in May 31, 1861 ; disch., date unknown. 
 
 William Howard, must in July 8, 1861 ; disch. July 12, 1861. 
 
 Samuel Hinds, must in May 31, 1861; disch., dale unknown, minor. 
 
 Horace Hill, must in May 31, 1861 ; not must in V. S. service. 
 
 John Huff, must in May 31, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Kegt P. V. May 31, 1864; vet. 
 
 Luke HoUten, must in April 1, 1864; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 
 Harry Hobangh, must in May 31, 1861 ; died Oct 30, 1861. 
 
 Bobert Hudson, must in May 31, 1861. 
 
 John Hurst, must in May 31, 1861. ,„ ,a„, 
 
 Ralph Jones, must in March 3, 1862 ; trans, to gen. hosp. July 18, 1862. 
 
 Jolin Johnson, must in May 31, 1861. t „. in iRRi 
 
 Henry Koeth, must in May 31, 1861 ; must out with company June 13 1864 
 
 J. Lusby, must, in May 31, 1861 ; trans, to Western e"f °^'7™ ^*- "• '^■ 
 
 Geo. Lemmon, must in May 31, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D June 10, 1861. 
 
 William Lammy, must in May 31, 1861. 
 
 Samuel Lord, must in May 31, 1861; disch., date unknown. 
 
 Peter NiUer, must, in May 31, 1861 ; not must, in C. S- »emce. 
 
 John H Murry, most in Aug. 13, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Dec. 30, 1862. 
 
 b" must In Sept 5, 1861; died May 31, 1864, of wounds recervedm action. 
 
 Z:. McFate', must in Aug. ^^l^lZ:::Tc^^'^Z''m "' " 
 
 1864; veteran. «.„oi isr,4- died May 31, 1864, of wounds received 
 
 Thomas MoGarve.y, must in May 31, 1864 , oico may , 
 
 in action ; veteran. 
 Hpnrv McCluskey, must in May 31, 1861. io land 
 
 W U^m Paist must in May 31, 1861; must out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 tIL Porter- must in May 31, 1801; killed in action June 28, 1862. 
 fames PoUockTmust in May 31, 1861 ; died Nov. 10, 1802, of wounds received 
 
 William RWe'r, must in May 31. 1861 ; must out with company June 13 1^64. 
 wm K. Koss, must in Mtty SI, 1861 ; must out with company June 13, 1864. 
 
 John Roebuck, must, in May 31, 1861 ; not must, into U. S. service. 
 
 David Royal, must in Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 21, 1861. 
 
 Bobert Buddock, must in Sept. 5, 1861 ; killed at South Mountain Sept 14, '62. 
 
 Matthew Roach, must in May 31, 1861. 
 
 James Riley, must, in May 31, 1861. 
 
 Thomas Rice, must, in May 31, 1861. 
 
 David Summers, must, in June 14, 1861 ; must out with comp. June 13, 1861. 
 
 William Stowe, must, in May 31, 1861; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 
 Jesse Snplee, must, in May 31, 1861 ; not must, into U. S. service. 
 
 David Stevenson, must in May 31, 1861 ; not. must, into U. S. service. 
 
 William Stillwell, must, in May 31, 1861 ; not must into C. S. service. 
 
 James Stewart, must in May 31, 1801 ; not must into U. S. service. 
 
 William Smith, must, in May 31, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 10, 1863. 
 
 A. Shaw, must in May 31, 1861 ; trans, to 190lh Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; vet 
 
 J. T. Sohofield, must in May 31, 1861 ; killed at Bethesda Church May 30, '64. 
 
 James Sandei-s, must, in May 31, 1801. 
 
 Robert Saulsbury, must, in March 2, 1862. 
 
 John Smith, must in May 31, 1861. 
 
 Anton Stetsing, must in Aug. 13, 1861. 
 
 William H. Taylor, must, in Aug. 13, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 30, 1862, for wounds re- 
 ceived at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. 
 
 Charles Townsend, must, in July 10, 1861 ; killed at Gettysburg July 3, 1863. 
 
 Joseph Turner, must in May 31, 1861. 
 
 Thomas Vanzant, must in May 31, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, '64. 
 
 Samuel Williams, must in May 31, 18C1 ; must out with company June 13, '64. 
 
 George«Worsley, must, in May 31, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, '64. 
 
 Collins Walker, must, in May 31, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 9, 1801. 
 
 Thomas Wilkinson, must, in May 31, 1861; not must into U. S. service. 
 
 Thomas Wray, must, in July 13, 1861 ; not must into U. S. service. 
 
 Patrick Waters, mnst. in July 9, 1861 ; not must, into tr. S. service. 
 
 Kobt. Wray, must, in July 25, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Kegt P. V. May 31, '64 ; vet 
 
 Alfred G. Webb, must, in May 31, 1861; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, '62. 
 
 Solomon Wesler, must In Feb. 10, 1864; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house 
 
 Deo. 13, 1862. 
 George Welch, must in May 31, 1861. 
 William Wood, must in May 31, 1861. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 (Recruited at Phoenixville.) 
 
 Capt John E. Dobson, must in June 6, 1861; pro. to brev. major March 13, 
 
 1865 ; mnst. out with company June 13, 1864 ; wounded at Gettysburg. 
 1st Lieut. J. F. McCord, must, iu June 6, 1861 : disch. on surg. cert. Oct 7, 1862. 
 1st Lieut Joseph Taggart, must.in June 6, 1861; pro. from 2d to 1st lieut 
 
 March 1, 1863; to brev. capt March 13, 1865; must, out with company June 
 
 13, 1864. 
 2d Lieut. Josiah White, must in June 6, 1861; pro. from 1st sergt to 2d lieut. 
 
 March 1, 1863; died at Washington, D. C, May 18, 1864. 
 let Sergt. Wm. E. Chandler, must iu June 6, 1861; pro. from corp. to sergt. 
 
 Nov. 1, 1862 ; to 1st sergt. Aug. 14, 1863 ; must out with comp. June 13, '64. 
 Ist Sergt. Ohas. Armitage, must, iu June 6, 1861; pro. from corp. to sergt Nov. 
 
 1, 1862 ; to 1st sergt. Aug. 14, 1863 ; must out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Sergt James Phillips, must in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Nov. 23, 1862. 
 Sergt. Wm. H. Powers, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Dec. 16,1862. 
 Sergt Wm. L. Keely, must in June 6, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Eegt P. V. May 31, 
 
 1864 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. Wm. H. Yerger, must in June 6, 1861; trans, to 190th Regt P. T. May 
 
 31, 1864 ; veteran. 
 Sergt Chos. Frey, must in June 6, 1861; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. V. May 31, 
 
 1864; veteran. „.„,«■ 
 
 Sergt Ham Vanderslice, must, iu July 12, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Kegt P. V. May 
 
 31, 1864 ; veteran. 
 Serst Geo H. Powers, must in June 6,'61; diedatHestonville, Pa., Oct 30, 6... 
 
 Corp.'Beitless Slott, must in June 6, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Dec. 1, 1862 ; must out 
 
 with company June 13, 1864. ,,„„, 
 
 Corp. Geo. H. Findley, must iu July 12, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1863 ; must 
 
 out with company June 13, 1864. y imc-, =t 
 
 Corp. Franklin Harley, must in June 6, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1863 , must. 
 
 out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Corp. John T. Eaches, must in June 6, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 1. 1863 ; must. 
 
 nnt with company June 13, 1864. 
 Corp wm J. Kennedy, must, in June 6, 1861 ; wounded at Laurel Hill May 10, 
 
 1864; must out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Corn David Dettra, must in July 12, 1861 ; must out with comp. June 13,1864. 
 r^™ Emanuel Ew ng, must in June 6, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster out 
 Corp! John Hartou, must in July 12, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Eegt P. V. May 31, 
 
 Corpl Wm.Cnithorne, must, in June 6, 1861 ; died at Camp Piemont, Va.. Nov. 
 
 Mus'jarT. Nichols, must in June 6, 1861; must out with comp. June 6, 1864. 
 Mul: Chas. Madden, must, in June 6, 1861 , must, out with comp. June 6, 1864. 
 
 Privates. 
 Joseph Baugh, must, in June 6, 1861; must out with company Jun= 6- l^S*- 
 IZ Bell, mist in June 6, 1861 ; must out with company June 6, 1864. 
 John BOW rs, must, in July 12, 1861 ; must, out with company June 6 1864, 
 Charles Bannon, must, in July 12, 1861 ; disch. on surg. «"'- » '- 3' "61- 
 Stephen Bennet, must in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. ^o^'^^f-^^'- 
 aZeo Buck, must in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Feb. 5, 1863. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Win. n. Bradley, must, in June C, 1861 ; discli. Oct. 3, 1863, to accept promotion. 
 Henry Batt, must, in June 6, 1801 ; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. 
 Robert Buck, must, in June 6, 1861. 
 
 Joel E, Bradley, must, in May 10, 1862 ; killed at Bull Kun Aug. 30, 1862. 
 Joseph Conklin, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Joseph Coffman, must, iu June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Wra. G. Cook, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 "William Chantrey, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 William H. Clegg, must, in June 6, 1861; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 3, 1863. 
 Isaac Clay, must, in June 6, 1861. 
 
 Maurice Dunbar, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Francis Dorman, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. February, 1863. 
 Samuel B. Davis, must, in July 12, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 5, 1863. 
 I. Dennis, must, in June 6, '61 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31 , '64 ; veteran. 
 Edward Eisenbrey, must, in July 1-2, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 Washington Friday, must, in June 0, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 Edward Fritz, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. oert. Dec. 26, 1862. 
 Geo. W. Force, must, in Feb. 24, 1862; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. V. May 31,1864. 
 Levi Fritz, must, in June 6, 1861 ; died at Point Lookout, Md., Aug. 18, 1862. 
 Abel S. Force, mnst. in June 6, 1861 ; killed at Gettysburg July 3, 1803. 
 William Hunter, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must out with company June 13, 1864. 
 James T. Hunter, must, in July 12, 1861 ; di-'ch. on surg. cert. Feb. 1, 1863. 
 Wm. HauUhausen, must, in July 12, 1861. 
 
 John P. Jones, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Heni-y Jeffere, nmst. in July 6, 1861 ; must, cut with company June 13, 1864. 
 Tsaac W. Kurtz, must, in Jiine 8, 1 861 ; pro. to sergt.-niaj. July 26, 1861. , 
 Edward M. Keeley, must, in Sept. 29,1862; trans, to Vet. Kes. Corps Dec. 1 0, '63. 
 Hugh Livingston, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 Samuel C. Lilley, must, in July 12, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 George Leslie, must, in July 12, 1861 ; must, out with company June 1.^,1864. 
 Jerome Longacker, must, iu June 6, 1801 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 13, 1802. 
 William Millington, must, in June 6, 1861; must, out with comp. June 13,1864. 
 Jacob M. March, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Thos. Munshower, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1804. 
 John Mills, must, iu Aug. 19, 1802; trans, to 100th Kegt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 Wm. Miller, must, in July 12, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; vet. 
 Milton N. Miller, must. In June 6, 1861 ; died at Baltimore, Md., July 26, 1862. 
 Nelson T. Miller, must, in June 6, 1861 ; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. 
 Thomas McAdams, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Jnno 13, 1864. 
 William M. McCoy, must, in July 12, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 Washington McCoy, must, in July 12, '61 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps May 28, '62. 
 Cochrane McLaughlin, must, in June 6, '61 ; must, out with comp. June 13, '64. 
 William McAffee, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 Michael McCoy, must, in July 12, 1861. 
 Edward McCracken, must, in June 6, 1861. 
 
 John P. Neilor, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Isaac Oberholtzer, must, in July 12, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1804. 
 David M. Phillips, must, in Sept. 19, '02 ; trans, to 190th Begt. P. V. May 31, "64. 
 John M. Powers, must, in June 6, 1861 ; killed at South Mountain Sept. 14, '62. 
 Frederick Raysor, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 13, 1864. 
 George W. Eenshaw, must, in June 6, 1861 ; roust, out Sept. 28, 1864. 
 Kelson E. Stackhouse, mnst. in June 6, 1801 ; must, out with comp. June 13, '64. 
 Robert Spolten, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Gordon A. Spare, must, in June 6, 1861; mnst. out with comp. Juno 13, 1864. 
 Andrew Spear, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 James Sloan, mnst. in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 James Schwenck, must, in June 6, 1861; must, out with comp. June 13, 1804. 
 Mathias Smith, must, in July 12, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. November, 1862. 
 Wm. B. Showalter, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg, cert. Sept. 16, 1863. 
 Jos. Smith, must, in June 6, '01 ; killed at Charles City Cross-roads June 30, '62. 
 Benj. Shaw, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. March 15, 1864, to accept promotion. 
 Fred. A. Tencate, must, in June 6, 1861 ; pro. to com.-sergt. July 20, 1862. 
 Joseph Vannaman, must. In June 6, 1801 ; disch. on surg cert. Jan. 24, 1802. 
 John A. Vanderslice, must, in July 12, 1861; disch. Sept. 10, 1861. 
 N. Vanderslice, must, in July 12, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 29, 1864. 
 Wm. T. Vanderslice, must, in July 12, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb, 1863. 
 I. Virtue, must, in June 6, '61 ; killed at Charles City Cross-roads June 30, '62. 
 Morgan Watters, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 Benj. Woodland, must, in July 12, 1861 ; must, out with company June 13, 1864. 
 W. P. Widdicombe, must, in June 6, '61 ; must, out with company June 13, '04. 
 Wm. Woodland, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 22, 1862. 
 Jos. L. Watson, must, in June 6, 1801 ;'disch. on surg, cert. Jan. 28, 1803. 
 C. B. Williams, must, in Oct. 23, 1861; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 John M. Weeks, must, in July 12, 1861 ; missing in action ; trans, to 190th Regt. 
 
 P. V. May 31, 1804; veteran. 
 J. Wahel, must, in June 6, 1861 ; killed at Bethesda Church, Va., May 30, 1864. 
 Joseph Whiteman, must, in Juno 6, 1861. 
 John W. Yeager, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert, Deo. 26, 1863. 
 
 THIRTY-THIRD REGT. (FOURTH RESERVES). 
 Asst.-surg. W. B. Brinton, ranked from March 14, 1863; pro. to surg. 184th 
 ■ Kegt. May 3, 1864. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 (Kecruited in Chester County.) 
 Capt. Wm. Babe, must, in June 6, 1861 ; res. Feb. 18, 1862. 
 Capt. Enos L. Christman, must, in June 6, 1861 ; pro. to capt. April 10, 1802; to 
 moj. March 27, 1802 ; res. April 20, 1863. 
 
 Capt. N. A. Pennypacker, must, in June 6, 1861 ; pro. to capt. April 10, 1863 ; 
 must, out with company June 17, 1864. 
 
 1st Lieut. Lewis H. Evans, must, in June 6, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to 2d lieut. 
 Feb. 18, 1862; to 1st lieut. April 10, 1863; wounded at Cloyd Monntain 
 May 9, 1864; absent in hospital at muster out. 
 
 Ist Sergt. Ohas. Nice, mnst. in June 6, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. July 17, 1861 ; to 1st 
 sergt. Jan. 1, 1863 ; com. 2d lieut. June 18, 1864 ; wounded at Cloyd Moun- 
 tain; must, out with company June 17, 1864. 
 
 Sergt. Isaiah Throop, Jr., must, in June 6, 1861 ; pro. from corp. to sergt. Aug. 1, 
 1862 : must, out with company June 17, 1864. 
 
 Sergt. J. W. Snyder, must, in June 6, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Jan. 1, 1863 ; wounded 
 at Antietam Sept 17, 1862; com. 2d lieut. March 6, 1863; must, out with 
 company June 17, 1864, 
 
 Sergt. Jos. M. Conner, mnst. in June 19, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Jan. 1, 1863 ; must, 
 out with company June 17, 1864. 
 
 Sergt. N. Davis, must, in June 6, 1801 ; pro. to 2d lieut. Co. F, 33d Regt. P. V. 
 
 Sergt. J. Louderback, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 10, 1863. 
 
 Sergt. John Little, must, in June 6, 1861 ; died Sept. 20, 1862, of wounds received 
 at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. 
 
 Sergt. Thomas W. Rowland, must, in June 6, 1861 ; killed at Charles City Cross- 
 roads June 30, 1862. 
 
 Sergt. Wm. D. Mooney, must, in June 6, 1801 ; died May 12, 1864, of wounds re- 
 ceived at Cloyd Mountain May 9, 1864. 
 
 Corp. Jos. Stadden, must, in June 6, 1861 ; pro. to corp. May 28, 1862; must, out 
 with company June 17, 1864. 
 
 Corp. S. Smedle.y, must, in June 6, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. July 18, 1861 ; wounded 
 and missing at Cloyd Mountain May 9, 1804. 
 
 Corp. J. K. Burnite, must, in June 19, 1861; pro. to corp. June 1, 1863; wounded 
 June 30, 1862; must, out with company June 17, 1864. 
 
 Corp. Geo. W. Kapp, must, in Juno 6, 1801 ; pro. to corp. Feb. 6, 1 863 ; must, ont 
 with company June 17, 1804. 
 
 Corp. G. Pennypacker, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 24, 1862. 
 
 Corp, P. Wiley Reagan, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 4, 1862. 
 
 Corp. John W. Schofield, must, in June 6, 1861 ; wounded; disch. on surg. cert. 
 April 9, 1862. 
 
 Corp. Chai les HufTnagle, must in Aug. 1 9, 1861 ; pro. to corp. May, 1863 ; trans , 
 to Co. L, 64th Regt. P. v., June 8, 1864. 
 
 Corp. H. S. Willauer, must, iu June 6, 1861 ; disch, on surg. cerf . Feb. 7, 1863. 
 
 Musician B. F. Williams, must, in June 6, '61 ; must, out with comp. June 17, '64. 
 
 Musician B. F. Houck, must, iu June 6, 1861 ; disch. to date June 17, 1864. 
 
 Privates. 
 E. N. Anderson, must, iu June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 16, 1861. 
 James Baker, must, in June 6, 1801 ; disch. Sept. 26, 1863, for wounds received at 
 
 Charles City Cross-roads June 30, 1802. 
 Lycurgus Boran, must, in July 17, 1801; disch. on surg. cert. April 24, 1863. 
 Benj. F. Bixler, must, in June 0, 1861 ; disch., on surg. cert. Oct. 2, 1862. 
 Wm. H. Brannan, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. March 18, 1862. 
 Charles Buller, must, in June 6, 1801 ; disch. on surg. cert. March 7, 1862. 
 Uriah Bush, must, in June 6, 1861 ; killed at Cloyd Mountain May 9, 1864. 
 James Collier, must, in June 6, 1861; wounded at Fredericksburg; must, out 
 
 with company June 17, 1864. 
 Homer Crager, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 17, 1864. 
 D. Collier, must, in June 6, 1861 ; wounded ; disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 16, 1862. 
 W. Cachus, must, in July 17, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, 54th Regt. P. V., June 8, '64. 
 James Cochings, must, in Dec. 8, 1862 ; killed at Cloyd Mountain May 9, 1864. 
 Geo. Dunahower, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 16, 1863. 
 John W. Davis, must, in June 6, 1861: died Aug. 9, 1862, of wounds received at 
 
 Charles City Cross-roads June 30, 1862. 
 Jeremiah Dailey, must, in July 17, 1861 ; killed at Antietam Sept, 7, 1862. 
 Isaac Farnwalt, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 7, 1863. 
 John Fritz, must, in Juno 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. March 17, 1863. 
 Joshua Fredericks; must, in July 17, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 16, 1863. 
 B. Fauks, must, in July 17, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, 54th Regt. P. V., June 8, 1864. 
 Wm. Foreman, must, in June 0, 1801 ; died July 3, 1862, of wounds received at 
 
 Charles City Cross-roads June 30, 1862. 
 David R. Fratt, must, in .\ug. 19, 1801; died at Belle Isle of wounds received 
 
 at Charles City Gross-roads June 30, 1862. 
 Thos. L. Guest, must, in Juue 6, 1861 ; must, out with company Juno 17, 1864. 
 Wm. H. Henry, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 17, 1864. 
 Samuel Haddiman, must, in July 17, 1861; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 27, 1862. 
 Samuel H. Hampton, must, in June 6, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, 54th Kegt. P. T., 
 
 Junes, 1804; veteran. 
 Isaac B. Hill, must, in Nov. 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. L, 64th Begt. P. V., June 8, 
 
 1864; veteran. 
 Wm. H. Hermacy, must, in Sept. 20, 1861 ; traus. to Vet. Res. Corps Jnly 1, '63. 
 N. F. nines, must, in June 6, 1861 ; died at Camp Tonally, D. C, Sept. 21, 1861. 
 David Irvin, must, in June 6, 1801 ; disch. on surg. cert., Nov. 27, 1861. 
 Eniile Johnson, must. In July 17, 1861; wounded at Charles City Cross-roads 
 
 June 30, 1862 ; diach. on surg. cert. May 9, 1863. 
 Samuel Johnson, must, in June 6, 1861. 
 
 George W. Jester, must, in June 6, '61 ; trans, to U. S. regular army Nov. 20, '03. 
 Joseph M. James, must, in July 17, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I, 64th Regt. P. V. June 
 
 8,1864; veteran. 
 John Kngler, must, in June 0, 1861 ; must, out with company June 17, 1864. 
 Joseph Kugler, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert., Nov. 12, 1862? 
 John B. Kuugle, must, in July 17, 1861 ; wounded at Cloyd ;ttountaiu May 9, 
 
 1864; traus. to Co. L, 54th Eegt. P. V., June 8,, 1864 ; veteran. 
 
KOSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OP THE REBELLION. 
 
 James S. Kelly, must. In June 6, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, 64th Eegt P. V., June 8, 
 
 1864; veteran. 
 Stephen Kirkner, must. In June 6, 1861; killed at Clmrles City Cross-roads 
 
 June 30, 1862. 
 William Lockard, must..in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 17, 1864. 
 Joseph Lacy, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on sutg. cert. Oct. 19, 1862. 
 Jonathan M. Lewis, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg: cert. Dec. 16, '62. 
 John Lindsay, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cort. Jan. 23, 1863. 
 Enos E. Lewis, must, in June 6, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, 64th Regt. P. V., June 8, 
 
 1864; veteran. 
 William Lock, must, in June 6, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, 64th Eegt. P. V., June 8, 
 
 1864; veteran. 
 William Manning, must, in July 17, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, 64th Eegt. P. V., June 
 
 8, 1864 ; veteran. 
 John C. Monday, must, in June 6, 1361; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 17, 1863. 
 Joseph W. Morgan, must, in June 6, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, 64th Eegt. P. V., June 
 
 8, 1864 ; veteran. 
 John Morgan, must, in June 6, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, 64th Eegt. P. V., June 8, 
 
 1864 ; veteran. 
 Charles Murray, must, in Teh. 3, 1862 ; trans, to Co. L, 64th Eegt. P. V., Jnne 8, 
 
 1864 ; vetei-an. 
 William Mood, must, in June 6, 1861 ; killed at Charles City Cross-roads June 
 
 30, 1862. 
 Isaac Morrison, must, in June 6, 1861. 
 Patrick McClure, must, in June 6,1861; wounded; must, out with company 
 
 June 17,1864. 
 Barney McCahe, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 17, 1864. 
 Joseph McLaughlin, must, in June 6, 1861 ; trans, to Co. A, 30th Kegt. P. Y., Feb. 
 
 3, 1862. 
 J. A. McLaughlin, must, in Oct. 21, 1861 ; trans, to Co. A, 30th Eegt. P. V., Feb. 
 
 3, 1862. 
 E. W. McChesney, died Oct. 13, 1861 ; buried in Military Asylum Cem., D. C. 
 Matthew 0*Brian, must, in June 6, 1861; must, out with comp. June 17, 1864. 
 Abraham Peck, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must out with company June 17, 1864. 
 Thomas T. Peck, must, in June 6, 1861 ; wounded ; disch. on surg. cert. 1863. 
 Joseph Pennypacker, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro. to qrmr.-sergt. Jan. 1, 1863. 
 Preston S. Kboades, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 17, 1864. 
 David Register, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 17, 1864. 
 George W. Ritner, must, in June 6. 1861 ; must, out with company June 17, '64. 
 Striker C. EoB.-iter, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 17, '64. 
 B. F. Eoseiter (1st), must, in July 17, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 7, 1863. 
 John Eeese, must, in July 17, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, 64th Eegt. P. V., June 8, 
 
 1864; veteran. 
 B. F. Eossiter (2d), must, in July 17, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, 64th Eegt. P. V., June 
 
 8, 1864 ; veteran. 
 P. K. Eossiter, must, in July 17, 1861 ; wounded at Cloyd Mountain May 9, 
 
 1864 ; trans, to Co. L, 54th Eegt. P. V., June 8, 1864 ; veteran. 
 Jacob Beaver, Anst. in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Ees. Coi-ps July 1, 1863. 
 Henry Euthren, must, in Nov. 29, 1861 ; died at Belle Plain, Va., Jan. 12, 1863. 
 Benj. H. Eoberts, must, in June 6, 1861 ; died at Camp Pierpont, Va., Jan. 28, '62. 
 J. Snyder, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, 64th Kegt. P. V., June 8, 1864. 
 Thomas Speakman, must, in Nov. 21, 1863; trans, to Co. L, 64th Eegt. P. Y., 
 
 June 8, 1864. 
 I. Springer, must, in July 17, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, 64th Eegt. P. V., June 8, '64. 
 Elijah J. Smith, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; killed at Charles City Cross-roads June 
 
 30, 1862. 
 William F. Smith, must, in Aug. 19, 1861; died at Georgetown, D. C, Nov. 7, 
 
 1861 ; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery. 
 Isaac P. Thomas, must, in July 17, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 7, 1863. 
 M. H. Jowuscnd, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert., date unknown. 
 Lewis H. Vanskite, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with comp. June 17, 1864. 
 B. F. Weller, must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Maroh 24, 1863. 
 David B. Williams, must, in June 6, 1861; disch. on surg. cert., date unknown. 
 Ddmund Williams, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; disch on surg. cert , date unknown. 
 Philip Wall, must, in Aug. 19, 1861; disch. Feb. 10, 1863, for wounds, with loss 
 
 of arm, received at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. 
 Beuben H. Walters, must, in June 6, 1861 ; trans, to Co. L, 64th Eegt. P. V., June 
 
 8,1864; veteran. 
 William Wise, must, in July 17, 1861; trans, to Fort Delaware to serve unex- 
 pired term. 
 Nelson T. Wollerton, must, in June 6, 1861 ; died July 28, 1862, of wounds re- 
 ceived at Charles City Cross-roads June 30, 1862. 
 William Wilson, must, in June 19, 1861. 
 Joseph G. Young, must, in June 6, 1861 ; must, out with company June 17, 1864. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 Ist Lieut. Nathan Davis, from Nov. 1, 1862; on detached service at muster out 
 of company ; pro. from 2d lieut. 
 
 THIRTY-NINTH KEGT. PA. VOLS. 
 Assist.-surg. W. 0. Buckley, rank from Aug. 19, 1862; res. Aug. 1, 1863. 
 
 FORTY-SECONU REGT. INF. ("BUCKTAILS"). 
 
 Field and Sta_f Qfficerit, 
 
 Col. Charles F. Taylor, must, iu May 28, 1861 ; pro. from capt. of Co. II to col. 
 
 March 1, 1863; killed at Gettysburg July 2, 1863. 
 Adit. Koger Sherman, must, in May 28,1861 ; pro. from Bergt.-migor to actjt. May 
 23 1863 ; res. March 21, 1864.' 
 
 Qrmr -sergt. William C. Hunter, must, in May 21, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. 
 
 P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. 
 Hosp.-steward Jeremiah J. Starr, must, in May 28, 1861; trans, to 190th Eegt 
 
 P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 (Eecruited in Chester County.) 
 
 Capt. Chas. F. Taylor, must, in May 28, 1861; pro. to col. March 1, 1863 ; killed 
 
 at Gettysburg July 2, 1863. 
 Capt. John D. Yerkes, must, in May 28, 1861 ; wounded at Gettysburg July 2, 
 
 1863; disch. July 11, 1864; brevet major March 13, 1865. 
 Ist Lieut. Chandler Hall, must, in May 28, 1861 ; pro. to capt. and aBst.-qrmr. 
 
 U. S. V. Aug. 3, 1861. 
 1st Lieut. T. J. Eoney, must, in May 28, 1861 ; must, out with co. June 11, 1864. 
 2d Lieut. Evan P. Dixon, must, in May 28, 1861 ; res. Nov. 24, 1861. 
 2d Lieut. Joel J. Swayno, must, in May 28, 1861 ; killed at Harrisonburg, Va., 
 
 June 6, 1862. 
 2d Lieut. Eobert Maxwell, must, in May 28, 1861 ; died of wounds received at 
 
 Wilderness May 8, 1864. 
 Sergt.-maj. William Baker, must, in Aug. 15, 1862 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. 
 
 May 31, 1864. 
 1st Sergt. S. Guthrie, must, in May 28, '61 ; must, out with co. June 11, 1864. 
 1st Sergt. A. S. Goodwin, mast, in May 28, '61 ; must, out with co. June 11, '64. 
 1st Sergt. R. Beebe, must, in May 28, 1861; must, out with co. June 11, 1864. 
 Ist Sergt. J. W. Pierce, must, in May 28, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 20, '61. 
 Corp. Alfred Best, must, in May 28, 1861 ; must, out with co. June 11, 1864. 
 Corp. Albert Bahel, must, in May 28, 1861 ; must, out with co. June 11, 1864. 
 Corp. H. Williams, must, in May 28, 1801 ; must, out with co. June 11, 1864. 
 Corp. Edwin A. Howell, must, iu May 28, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 2S, 1862, for wounds 
 
 received at Harrisonburg, Va., June 6, 1862. 
 Corp. J. J. Donahue, must, in May 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 1,2, 1862. 
 Corp. Phineas Malin, must, in May 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 8, 1863. 
 Corp. J. P. Young, must, in July 22, '61 ; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. V. May 31, '64. 
 Corp. E. Baker, must in May 28, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 Corp. Aaron Baker, must, iu May 28, 1861 ; killed at Spottsylvauia Court-house 
 
 May 12, 1864. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 David Alcott, must, in May 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. July 2, 1863. 
 L. T. Archer, must, in May 28, '61 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, '64; vet. 
 William Bahel, must, in May 28, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. 
 Jona. Brechit, must, in May 28, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. 
 Chas. Brockieus, must, in May 2S, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. 
 William Baker, must, in Aug. 15, 1862 ; pro. to sergt.-maj. July 29, 1863. 
 John B. Brink, must, in Oct. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. April 20, 1863. 
 Wesley Burrell, must, in Aug. 7, 1801; disch. on surg. cert. April 23, 1863. 
 Thomas Bahel, must, in Aug. 6, 1862 ; disch. on surg. cert. April 29, 1863. 
 C. Boozer, must, in May 28, 1861 ; trans, to lOnth Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; vet. 
 E. Birtsell, mu.st. in Aug. 7, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1804; vet. 
 J. C. Billis, must, in May 2«, 1861 ; trans, to 1 90th Kegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; vet. 
 A. A. Best, must, in Aug. 6, 1862; trans, to 190th Uegt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 Thos. F. Best, must, in Aug. 6, 1862 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 Joel M. Barber, must, in Aug. 3, 1862 ; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. V. May 31, 1804. 
 Evan H. Baker, must, in Aug. 9, 1862 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 William Briggs, must, in Aug. 7, 1801 ; trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps, date unknown. 
 James Butler, must, in Aug. 2, 1862 ; killed at Antietam Sept. 10, 1802. 
 Taylor Brink, must, in Oct. 3, '01 ; died at Alexandria March 10, '64; grave 1401. 
 George W. Brown, must, in Aug. 7, 1801. 
 Adolphus Cook, must, in May 28, 1801 ; wounded at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 
 
 1862; absent, sick, at muster out. 
 Jacob Creamer, must, in May 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. March 4, 1863. 
 T. Chandler, must, in May 28, '61 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, '64; vet. 
 Pusey E. Chambers, must, iu May 28, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. V. May 31, 
 
 1864; veteran. 
 Joseph P. Chadwick, must, in May 28, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, 
 
 1864; veteran. 
 J. Chadwick, must, in Jan. 14, '61 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, '64 ; vet. 
 M. Cessna, must, in July 22, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; vet. 
 James Ooyle, must, in Aug. 1, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 Hiram Creamer, must, in May 28, 1861 ; died July 11, 1863, of wounds received 
 
 at Gettysburg July 3, 1863. 
 Andrew Coover, must, iu Aug. 6, 1862; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. 
 M H. Carter, must, iu March 27, 1862; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. 
 Thomas Durgan, must, in May 28,1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. 
 Benjamin Douglas, must iu May 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 10, 1862. 
 W B Muddy, n.ust. in May 28, '61 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V.May 31, '64; vet. 
 G W Davis, must, in May 28, '61 ; trans, to 190th Eegt. P. V. May 31, '64 ; vet. 
 B S Davidson, must, in Aug. 15, '62 ; traus. to 180th Kegt. P. V. May 31, '64. 
 J Diummond, must, in Sept. 5, '02 ; traus. to 190th Kegt. P. V. May 31, '04. 
 Marshall Davis, must, in May 28, 1861; died May 29, 1804, of wounds received 
 
 at Spottsylviinia Cuurt-house May 12, 1804. 
 Lorenzo D. Freel, must, iu May 28, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11 , 1864. 
 E B Fogg must, in May 28, 1801 ; must, out with compauy June 11, 1804. 
 M H Foreman, must, in May 28, 1861 ; traus. to U. S. Signal Corps Sept. 17, '63. 
 James Freel, must, in Aug. 16, 1861 ; died at Philadelphia Jan. 26, 1804. 
 William T. Gause, must, in May 28, 1801 ; missing iu action May 7, 1804. 
 L T Gause, must, in May 28, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. 
 James Grace, umst, in May 28, ,1801 ;. disch. April, 1863, for wounds received at 
 
 South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. 
 
VI 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 E. Greenfield, must, in May 28, '61 ; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. V. May 31, '64 ; vet. 
 T. P. Gross, must, in Aug. 16, '61 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, '64; vet. 
 
 E. P. Gross, must, in Aug. 5, 1862 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 A. GlisBon, must, in Aug. 6, 1862 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 R. W. Grier, must, in Aug. 5, 1862 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 D. Goodwin, must, in July 22, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 Richard T. Gilmore, must, in Aug. 20, 1862 ; killed at Gettysburg July 2, 1863. 
 Ross Hardy, must, in May 28, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. 
 Samuel Huss, must, in May 28, 1861 ; disoh. on snrg. cert. Feb. 9, 1863. 
 William C. Hunter, must, in May 21, 1861; pro. to qrmr.-sergt. Aug. 7, 1861. 
 Thomas Hanson, must, in May 28, 1861 ; died Sept. 15, 1862 ; buried in Military 
 
 Asylum Cemetery, D. C. 
 
 William Harrigan, must, in Oct. 3, 1861 ; died July 30, 1863, of wounds received 
 at Gettysburg July 2, 1863. 
 
 John S. Lewis, must, in May 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 26, 1862. 
 
 Isaac G. Jacquette, must, in May 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Sept. 15, 1862. 
 
 John A. Jackson, must, in May 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 12, 1862. 
 
 W. W. Jackson, must in Aug. 19, 1862 ; trans, to 190th Regt P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 
 Edward P. Jackson, must, in May 28, 1861. 
 
 W. T. King, must, in March 11, 1862 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 
 James H. Lynch, must, in May 28, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. 
 
 T. Land, must, in May 28, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; vet. 
 
 I. Leedam, must, in Aug. 1, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; vet. 
 
 Thomas B. Maines, must, in May 28, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, '64. 
 
 J. H. Montgomery, must, in May 28, '61 ; must, out with company June 11, '64. 
 
 Persifor F. Mann, must, in Aug. 6, 1862 ; disch. on surg. cert. June 2, 1863. 
 
 Robert Milner, must, in July 22, 1862 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 18, 1863. 
 
 G. W. McCuUuugta, must, in Aug. 7, 1861 ; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps, date unknown. 
 
 G. D. Milner, must, in Sept. 6, 1862 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864. 
 
 A. A. McClurg, must, in Aug. 23, 1862 ; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. 
 
 Robert Oskins, must, in May 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. April, 1862. 
 
 J. E. Oskins, must, in May 28, '61 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, '64 ; vet. 
 
 Thomas Perry, must, in May 28, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. 
 
 William Peirce, must, in May 28, 1861 ; disch. July 1, 1862, for wounds received 
 at Hari-isonburg, Va., June 6, 1862. 
 
 Henry Peuhollow, must, in May 28, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 28, 1863, for wounds re- 
 ceived at Ham'sonburg, Va., June 6, 1862. 
 
 Joshua Pusoy, must, in Aug. 23, 1862 ; disch. March 18, 1863, for wounds received 
 at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. 
 
 Charles Peuhollow, must, in May 28, 1861 ; killed at Gettysburg July 8, 1863. 
 
 T. L. Pennington, must, in Aug. 6, 1862 ; died Dec. 24, 1862, at Richmond, Va., 
 of wounds received at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. 
 
 George W. Page, must, in Aug. 20, 1862 ; killed at Bethesda Church May 30, '64. 
 
 Edward Pratt, must, in May 28, 1861. 
 
 Robert B. Pettingill, must, in May 28, 1861. 
 
 William Rigdon, must, in May 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert., date unknown. 
 
 Joseph A. Roman, must, in Aug. 16, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 20, 1862, to accept pro. in 
 Co. G, 6th Maryland Vols. 
 
 George W. Komig, must, in May 28, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Kegt. P. V. May 31, 
 1864; veteran. 
 
 John Bigdon, must, in May 28, 1861 ; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. 
 
 Frederick Reutz, must, in Aug. 1; 1861. 
 
 H. C. Steigleman, must, in May 28, 1861; must, out with comp. June 11, 1864. 
 
 George Smith, must, in May 28, 1861; diach. on surg. cert. Aug. 7, 1861. 
 
 Jeremiah J. Starr, must, in May 2s, 1861 ; pro. to hosp.-steward July 29, 1863. 
 
 J. W. Steigleman, must, in Nov. 13, 1861 ; trans, to lOOtli Regt. P. V. May 31, 
 1864; veteran. 
 
 H. gtruble, must, in Aug. 1, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; vet. 
 
 Roger Sherman, must, in May 28, 1861 ; pro. to sergt.-maj. July 20, 1861. 
 
 H. 0. Stevens, must, in May 28, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps; date unknown. 
 
 Alfred Taylor, must, in May 28, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. 
 
 Elwood Taylor, must, in May 28, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. 
 
 Robert Taggart, must, in May 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 7, 1861. 
 
 IsaacTaylor, must, in May 28,1861; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, '64; vet. 
 
 William Taylor, must, iu Aug. 1, 1862 ; trans, to 100th Regt. P. V. May 31, '64. 
 
 James Taylor, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; died December, 1862. 
 
 John Taylor, must, in May 28, 1861 ; missing at Chantilly Sept. 6, 1862 ; died at 
 Alexiindria, Va., June 11, 1865 ; grave 2962. 
 
 Benj. F. Temple, nmst. in May 28, 1801. 
 
 Chas. Urban, must, in Aug. 1, 1861 ; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, '64 ; vet. 
 
 Richard Watson, must, in May 28, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. 
 
 Henry C. White, must, in May 28, 1861; disch. on surg. cert. January, 1862. 
 
 Joseph D. West, must, in Aug. 16, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 21, 1861, to accept promotion. 
 
 Samuel G. Wilson, must, in Aug. 6, 1862 ; disch. March 7, 186:!, for wounds re- 
 ceived at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862 
 
 Milton Woodward, must, in March 11, 1862 ; disch. on surg. cert. ; date unknown. 
 
 J. D. West, must, in Aug. 16, 1861; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; vet. 
 
 L. E. Way, must, in Aug. 7, 1862 ; trans, to 100th Eegt. P. V. May 31, '64; vet. 
 
 F. Williamson, must, in Aug. 12, 1862 ; trans, to ] 90th Regt. P. V. May 31,.'64. 
 William Watts, must, in Sept. 3, 1862 ; trans, ti 190th Regt. P. V. May 31 1861. 
 Heli Widdoes, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; not on muster-roll. 
 
 Edward Younkius, must, iu Sept. 3, 1862; disch., date unknown, fur wounds re- 
 ceived at Fredoricksbuig Dec. 13, 1862. 
 
 FORTY-THIED REGT. PA. VOLS. (FIRST ARTILLERY). 
 B.VTTERY B. 
 2d Lieut. J. M. Pennypacker, rank from Nov. 22, 1864 ; must, out with battery 
 June 9, 1865. 
 
 BATTERY F. 
 1st Lieut. Elbridge Meconkey, rank from July 8, 1861 ; hon. disch. Feb. 1862. 
 
 FORTY-FOURTH REGT. PA. VOLS. (FIRST CAVALRY). 
 Col. Hamp. S. Thomas, rank from Jan. 4, 1865 ; must; out with 2d Prov. Cav. 
 
 as mfu. Aug. 7, 1865. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 1st Lieut. Samuel Lipton, rauk from Feb. 11, 1863; hon. disch. March 19, 1869. 
 2d Lieut. E. Meconkey, rank from March 1, 1862. 
 2d Lieut. Samuel Lipton, rank from June 1, 1862 ; pro. to 1st lieut. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 2d Lieut. Hamp. S. Thomas, rank from Aug. 28, 1861 ; pro. to capt. of Oo. M. 
 May 1, 1362; to maj. Nov. 11,1864; to brevet lieut.-col. April 2, 1865; to coL 
 
 COMPANY M. 
 2d Lieut. Joseph S. Wright, rank from Feb. 12, 1863; died July 4, 1864, from 
 wounds received in action. 
 
 FORTY-SIXTH INF. REGT. PA. VOLS. 
 
 Surg. Levington Quick, rank from Aug. 28, 1861 ; pro. to brigade snrg. V. S. 
 Vols. Dec. 24, 1861. 
 
 FORTY-NINTH REGT. INF. VOLS. 
 
 Field and Staff Officers. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. B. J. Hickman, must, iu Aug. 20, 1861 ; pro. from capt. of Co. B. to 
 
 major April 22, 1864; to lieut. -col. June 15, 1864; to brevet col. Dec. 6, 
 
 1864; com. col. June 29, 1865 ; not must.; res. June 28, 1865. 
 Adjt. Abraham T. Hilands, must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; pro. from Ist lieut. Co. F 
 
 March 17, 1864 ; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-house May 10, 1864 ; must. 
 
 out Oct. 31, 1864, expiration of term. 
 Adjt. Robert Davison, must, in Aug. 17, 1861 ; pro. from 2d lieut. Co. F to 1st lieut. 
 
 and adjt., April 16, 1865 ; must, out with regt. July 15, 1865. 
 Qrmr. John H. Gray, must, in Sept. 25, 1861 ; must, out with regt. July 15, '65. 
 Sergt.-maj. James R. Hackenberg, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; pro. from sergt Co. 
 
 B Oct. 24, 1864 ; killed at Sailor's Creek, Va., April 6, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Principal musician Geo. W. ReynoldSj must, in Aug. 17, 1861; must, out with 
 
 regt. July 15, 1865 ; veteran. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 (Recruited in Chester County.) 
 Capt. George F. Smith, must, in Aug. 2, 1861 ; res. July 16, 1862. 
 Capt. Wm. B. Freeman, must, in Aug. 10, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 1st lieut. 
 
 Co. K Jan. 8, 1862 ; to capt. Sept. 6, 1862 ; trans, from Co. K Jan. 11, 1863 ; 
 
 died Aug. 20, 1863, of wounds received at Fredericksburg April 29, 1863. 
 Capt. B. J. Hickman, must, in Aug. 20, 1861 ; pro. from Ist lieut. to capt. April 
 
 8, 1862 ; to maj. April 22, 1864. , 
 
 Capt. Bobt. G. Barr, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to Ist sergt. Aug. 
 
 7, 1862 ; to Zd lieut. Nov. 26, 1862 ; to 1st lieut. March 4, 1864 ; to capt. April 
 
 22, 1864 ; died July 26, 1864, of wounds received at Spottsylvania Court- 
 house May 10, 1864. 
 Capt. John S. Bratton, must, in Aug. 18, 1861; pro. from sergt. to 1st sergt. Nov. 
 
 26, 1862 ; to 2d lieut. March 4, 1864; to Ist lieut. April 22, 1864; to capt. 
 
 Sept. 21, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; veteran. 
 1st Lieut. Isaac B. Parker, must, in July 31, 1861 ; pro. from 2d to 1st lieut. Aug. 
 
 8, 1862 ; to aide-de-camp on Gen. Hancock's staff June 2-5, 1863. 
 1st Lieut. Edward T. Swain, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to 1st sergt. 
 
 Dec. 23, 1861 ; to 2d lieut. Aug. 7, 1862 ; to 1st lieut Sept. 6, 1862 ; to capt. 
 
 Co. H Feb. 25, 1864. 
 Ist Lieut. Samuel H. Irvin, must, in Aug. 17, 1861; pro. from sergt. to lA sergt. 
 
 March 4, 1864 ; to 2d lieut. July 1, 1864 ; to 1st lieut. Oct 18, 1864 ; must 
 
 out with company July 15, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Zd Lieut. B. H. Downing, must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; pro. from sergt to 1st sergt. 
 
 April 8, 1862 ; trans, to Co. D Jan. II, 1863. 
 2d Lieut. John J. Right must in Aug. 30, 1861 ; pro. to corp. July 2, 1862 ; to 
 
 sergt 4, 1863 ; to 1st sergt. July 1, 1864 ; to 2d lieut. Oct 19, 1864 ; must 
 
 out with company July 15, 1865 ; veteran. 
 1st Sergt Joseph Ewing, must in Aug. 18, 1861; pro. to corp. Aug. 18, 1861 ; to 
 
 sergt Nov. 16, 1862 ; to let sergt Oct 18, 1864 ; must out with company 
 
 July 15,1864; veteran. 
 1st Sergt J. B. Downing, must in Aug. 15, 1801 ; not on must, out roll. 
 Sergt Wm. McAlevy, must, in 17, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. July 1, 1864 ; must 
 
 out wilh company July 15, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. Chns. Fultz, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. June 1, 1862 ; to sergt. 
 
 March 4, 1864 ; wounded in action April 6, 1865; absent at must out; vet 
 Sergt T. H. MoFarland, must iu Aug. 30, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Sept 1, 1861 ; to 
 
 sergt April 1, 1863 ; absent, sick, at must out ; veteran. 
 Sergt J. D. Cunningham, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; killed at Cold Harbor June T, 
 
 1864. 
 Sergt James H. Gross, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; died May 4, 1803. 
 Sergt E. S. Wostbrouk, must in Feb. 28, 1862 ; diach. April 24, 186B, for wounds 
 
 received in action ; veteran. 
 Sergt. J. R. Hackenberg, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Dec. 1, 1861 ; to 
 
 sergt July 1, 1864; to sergt.-maj Oct 24, 1864; veteran. 
 Corp. L. S. Crowuover, must in March 1, 1862; wound-d at Spottsylvania Court. 
 
 house May 10, 1864; pro. to oorp. July 1, 1864; nmst out with comp. July 
 
 IS, 1865 ; veteran. 
 
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OP THE REBELLION. 
 
 Vll 
 
 Corp. G. T. MoCoimick, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 24, 1864 • must 
 
 out with company July 15, 1865; veteran 
 Corp. Sann,el Q. St.ffey, must, in Aug. 17, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. Oct. 24, 1864 • muet 
 
 out mtli company July L^i, 1865 ; veteran "»,mu8t. 
 
 Co,-p. Lemuel Rober.son. must, in Aug. 18, 1861; pro. to corp. March 4 1864- 
 
 r„rJ^7. n T "''""' "' S"-"''^"™"'" Court-bouBO May 10, 1864; va'teran' 
 
 Cot, John C. Ro.8, must, in Aug. 18, 1861; pro. to corp. July 1, 186^ ^3' 
 
 Bick, at muster-out roll; veteran . ^ow , aosent, 
 
 Corp. George W. Hamere, must, in Aug. 17, 1861; pro. to corp. Oct. 24 1864- 
 
 Corn 7 , V T" ^'"" '■ "«' -• '""™' '" ^^I""" "t "■"«• Q^t veteran 
 Corp. Joseph L. Shuga.t, must, in Sept. 18, 1861; pro. to corp. Oc. 24 1864 • 
 
 Cor»T H ir'""" *•■"' '• ""'• ^'^" '" ""^P""' "* "»-*■ o't; V ,e n ' 
 1M8^ ' """''■ "' ''"^- "■ ^"=1 :•'""''' "' Spottsylvania C.-H. May 
 
 Corp. T. Reider, must, in Aug. 17, -61 ; liilled at Spottsylvania C.-H. May 10 '64 
 1M8™. ' """'■ " '"''■ "* ''" = ""'"^ "' Spottsylvania Jh. May 
 
 Corp. J W. Campbell, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; died Dec. 1, 1863, of wounds rec 
 at Rappahannock Station Nov. 7, 1863 ; Luried in Mil. Asylum Cemetery. 
 
 Corp George W tchard, must, in Aug. 3, 1861 ; died Oct 5, 1864, of wounds rec. 
 at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. 
 
 Corp William C Taylor, must. In Aug. 18, 1861 , died at Newton Hamilton, Pa., 
 
 CO.-P. Wm. H. Erwia, must, in Aug. 18, '61 ; must, out Oct. 24, -64, ex. of term 
 Corp. Thomas L. Taylor, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; died March 16 1862 
 Corp. Battou Marshall, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; killed in action June 27, 1862 
 Mus. Chas. Smith, must in Aug. 18, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 10, -64, ex. of term'. 
 
 Privates, 
 Rohert M. Aston, must, in Aug. 26, 1861; disch. on surg. cert. April 11 1863 
 W . E. Anspack, must, in Aug. 17, 1861 ; must, out with comp. July 15 '66 ■ vet 
 Jos. Bebarger, must, in Aug. 17, 1S61 ; must, out with comp. July 15, 1865 • 'vet 
 Lewis W. Bolan, must, in Aug. 17, 1861 ; prisoner from June 1, 1864, to April 
 
 30, 1865; disch. by general order July 1, 1866. 
 Jacob Bruce, must, in Aug. 17, 1861; wounded and captured at Spottsylvania 
 
 C.-H. May 10, 1864 ; absent in hospital at muster out. 
 Jacob Bennetts, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster out 
 William Brooks, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster out 
 John W. Burlew, must in Aug. 18, '61; wounded and captured at Spottsylvania 
 
 May 10,1864; veteran. 
 William B. Blatt, must in Aug. 18, 1861 ; died May 13, 1864, of wounds rec. at 
 
 Spottsylvauia Court-house. 
 William Bennetts, must, in Aug. 17, 1861. 
 
 Joseph Boticher, must in Aug. IS, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Feb. 26, 1863. 
 Samuel Baker, must Aug. 18, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Peb. 19, 1K63. 
 Jacob Barto, must in Aug. 17, 1S61 ; disch. Feb. 24, 1863, for wounds rec. in 
 
 action June 27, 1862. 
 Jacob Bumbaugh, must, in Aug. 18, 1861. 
 
 Samuel Cupp, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; must out with comp. July 15, '66 ; vet 
 Joseph M. Curwin, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; wonnded at Wilderness May 5, '64 ; 
 
 absent at muster out. 
 Benjamin T. Chauey, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; died April 19, 1863, at White Oak 
 
 Church, Va. 
 Abram V. Chilcote, must in Aug. 18, 1861 ; must, out Oct 24, '64, ex. of term. 
 Joa. Crawford, must, in Aug. fs, 1861 ; must out Oct. 31, 1864, ex. of term. 
 Francis M. Coulter, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Feb. 26, 1863. 
 Wm. Caughling, must, in Dec. 14, 1861; disch. on surg. cert Feb. 16, 1863. 
 Lewis Carter, must in Aug. 18, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H Feb. 28, 1864 ; veteran. 
 Geo. W. Devore, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; must out with comp. July 16, '65; vet 
 H. S. Dougherty;^must in Aug. 17, '61 ; must, out with comp. July 15, '66; vet. 
 James Dunuigan, must, in Aug. 8, 1863 ; must, out with comp. July 16, 1866. 
 Benj. F. Davis, must, in Feb. 3, 1862: must out with comp. July 16, 1865; vet 
 Adol. P. Decker, must in Aug. 30, 1861 ; must, out with comp. July 16, '65; vet. 
 George W. Davis, must iu Aug. IS, 1861 ; died Dec. 27, 1862. 
 Samuel Ewing, must in Aug. 18, 1861 ; wounded and prisoner May 10, 1864 ; 
 
 absent iu hospital at muster out. 
 David A. Esterline, must, in Aug. 22, 1862; disch. by general order May 25, '66. 
 Nicholas Everts, must iu Aug. 24, 1862 ; d'ed May 25, 1864, of wounds receiVed 
 
 at Spottsylvania C.-H. 
 Henry C. Estep, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; must out Oct 31, 1864, ex. of term. 
 Levi Emerick, must iu Aug. IS, 1861 ; disch. April 24, 1862. 
 William Fiifs, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 31, 1863. 
 Wm. M. Fitzgerald, must, iu Aug. 17, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Jan. 8, 1863. 
 David Futz, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; disch. on sui-g. cert. Jan. 29, 1863. 
 Nathan Farra, must in Aug. IS, 1861 ; died March 18, 1862. 
 Nehemiah Ford, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; disch. May 1, 1862. 
 Wm. T. Gray, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; must out with comp. July 16, '65; vet 
 John A. Guither, must in Aug. 18, 1861 ; died June 10, 1864, of wounds received 
 
 at Spottsylvania C.-H. 
 John S. Gearhart, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; died July 1, 1S64, of wounds received 
 
 at Spottsylvania C.-H.; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington. 
 Henry Gray, must in Sept 18, '61; died June 28, 1862, of wounds rec. in action. 
 Andrew J. Giant, must, in Aug. 18, 1861. 
 
 Hiram Greenland, must, iu Sept. 7, 18G1 ; must, out Nov. 2, 1864, ex. of term. 
 Isaac L. Gray, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 20, 1863. 
 Simon H. Hunter, must in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H Feb. 28, 1864. 
 Jacob L. Hill, must, in Aug. IS, 1861 ; must out with comp. July 15, '06; vet 
 
 .To..n V. Holliday, mustfn A^rii! itl^^dilr "'*™'' '''- "''■ ''• '^^• 
 
 Solomon Hunt, n ust n' Aug 18 1861 .17^ "" °"';'"'- ''""' ''' ''''■ 
 Sam. D. Heffner. must i„w t' \Z: 'i"*' ''^.^!""^' ^^ ''"''" "' ""'■ 
 
 1864, ex. of term. 
 
 cert Feb. 28, 1863. 
 
 ounds rec. in action, 
 
 orpB, date unknown. 
 
 fionriroU' r„..i.- ». .="""' i ""'^"- 'JJ general order June 17, '66. 
 
 ueorge E. Jenkins, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ■ i 
 
 . Heffner, must in Sept. 7, 1861; must out Oct. 31, 1864, ex. of term. 
 
 . Feb. 28, 186! 
 
 is rec. in actii 
 
 .Tnhn V TT^ii.-.* ^ . . ' "' "■ *" "=^* ^-es. uorps, date uuknowu. 
 
 o. "!.''" '^•.'""■'•'" ^."^- ^«' l«^i •''->'■ ^y general c 
 
 y , ' " "'!"■ '. ""i , must, out t 
 
 John P. Humphrey, must in Aug. 18, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Feb 28 ISB.'i 
 
 Jam. E Ha" i:'- '" t""' l'' '" ' "''*■ ^*- "' ''''■ '"^ ™rds » ". fn .1 . 
 
 T„i „ TT , ° — ' — * » P^°- ^ pi'in. musician Nov 1 18(53 
 
 John Kougle, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; must out with comp. July 16 '65 vet 
 James L^Kiue, must in Aug. IS, 1861 ; must out Oct 24, ^864, ex ft™ 
 Mat H^Kenyon, must, in Aug. 26, 1861 ; must out Sept 10, 1864, ex. of te m 
 
 inomas J. Kitson, must in Aug. 18, 1861; died Jan. 11 1862 
 Samuel Longnecker, must in Aug. 17, 1861; absent at muster out 
 
 L3 w "t™'' """"• '" ^'""- "' ''"' ' ■""''• ■"" «<='• '^l. 18«^' »• of term. 
 S RM ,»; ^^°' "?'•■ '" '"'^- "• "" ' '™'=- *» «'S™' Con>s April 3, 1862. 
 
 John B. Morgan, must >n Aug. 18, 1861; must, out w.th comp. July 16, '66 vet 
 Geo. W. Megahen, must in Sept 7, 1861 ; must out with comp. July 16 '65 • vet 
 Edmund Miller, must in Jan. 16, 1862 ; wounded and cap. at Wilderness Wy 
 
 William Miller, must in Sept 7, 1861. 
 
 John C. Moore, mustin Aug. 30, 1861; must, out Oct 31, 1864, ex. of term 
 J. H. Morningstar, must in Aug. 30, 1861 ; must out Oct 31, 1864, ex of term 
 John Myerly, must in Sept 11, 1861 ; must, out Oct 31, 1864 ex of term 
 John D. Martin, must, in Aug. 18, 1861; disch. on surg. cert Jan. 20 1863 
 David J. Machamer, must in Aug. 18, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Feb. 4 1863 
 G. W. B. McCall, must in Aug. 30, '61 ; must out with comp. July 17, '65 • vet 
 Peter McGonigle, must in Sept 28, 1863; wounded at Wilderness May 6, 1864- 
 absent at muster out ' 
 
 Richard McQuillen must in Sept 5, 18G1 ; killed at Rappahannock Station Nov. 
 
 17, 1863; buried in Nat Cem., Arlington, block 2, sec. E, row 4, grave 9. 
 W. H. McCord, must in Feb. 22, 1862 ; died at Wilmington, N. C, March 3 1865 • 
 veteran. ' ' 
 
 James B. McMurtrie, must in Feb. 24, 1862 ; disch. on surg. cei-t. Feb. 6, 1863. 
 James McCurdy, must in Sept 18, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Jan. 31, 1863. 
 Wm. H. McDonald, must in March 1, '62 ; must out March 13, '66, ex. of term. 
 Daniel McGiady, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Feb. 21, 1863. 
 Charles Nervingham, must, in Feb. 20, 1862; missing in action at Spottsylvania 
 
 Court-house May 10, 1864 ; veteran. 
 Jacob E. Nalo, must in Aug. 30, 1861 ; trans, to Vet Res. Corps Sept. 21, 1863. 
 John N. Patterson, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; wounded at Spottsylvania Court- 
 house May 10, 1864 ; absent at muster out 
 Levi W. Port, must in March 1, 1802 ; disch. on surg. cert Feb. 21, 1863. 
 J. R. Boseborough, must in Aug. 18, '61 ; must out with comp. July 15, '65 ; vet. 
 R. D. Rutherford, must in Aug. 18, '61 ; must out with comp. July 15, '66 ; vet 
 W. L. Itoach, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; must out with comp. July 15, 1865; vet 
 James Boss, must iu Jan. 8, 1862; absent, sick, at muster out 
 F. G. Raymoud, must in Aug. 30, 1861 ; wounded and captured at Cold Harbor 
 
 June 1, 1864. 
 Wm. Roseborough, must, iu Aug. 18, '61 ; killed at Winchester, Va., Sept 19, '64. 
 H. 0. Robinson, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; must out Oct 24, 1864, ex. of term. 
 John Bay, must iu Aug. 18, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert July 21, 1863. 
 Wm. R. Bahn, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; must out Oct 24, 1864, ex. of term. 
 Arthur Rogers, must in Aug. 311, 1861; must out Oct 24, 1864, ex. of term. 
 Samuel W. Ross, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; trans, to Signal Corps, date unknown. 
 0. S. Bumbarger, must in Aug. 30, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H Feb. 28, 1864. 
 J. W. Shields, must in Aug. 18, 1861 ; must, out with comp. July 15, 1865 ; vet 
 Jacob G. Smith, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster out 
 Stephen Snyder, must in Sept. 11, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster out ; vet 
 John W. Snyder, must, in Aug. 17, 1861; wounded in actiou April 2, 18C5; ab- 
 sent at muster out ; veteran. 
 John G. Sherer, must in Aug. 18, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Feb. 16, 1863. " 
 Israel W. Smiley, must in Aug. 18, 1861 ; must out Oct. 24, 1864, ex. of tei-m. 
 Wm. Sturtsmau, must, in Jan. 20, 1862 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 26, 1863. 
 S. M. Stouebraker, must, in Aug. 17, 1862 ; disch. on surg. cert Feb. 18, 1863. 
 J. 0. Stephens, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, date unknown. 
 Samuel Smith, must in Sept 9, 1861 ; trans, to Vet Res. Corps Aug. 24, 1864. 
 Wm. M. Temple, must in Aug. 18, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Feb. 14, 1863. 
 Oliver S. Temple, must, in Aug. 18, 1861; trans, to Signal Corps, date unknown. 
 Enos Vandivere, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; died Jan. 6, 1862. 
 James Wyble, must in Aug. 18, 1861 ; must out with comp. July 15, 1865 ; vet. 
 Geo. W. Wills, must in Aug. 30, 1861 ; must, out with comp. July 15, 1865 ; vet 
 John Wiland, must in Aug. 17, 1861; must out with comp. July 15, 1865; vet. 
 Rudolphus Ward, must in Aug. IS, 1861 ; wounded at Cold Harbor, Va., Juue 
 
 1, 1864; absent at muster out; veteran. 
 Samuel Wellers, must, in Aug. 17, 1861. 
 Thomas R. Williams, must in Aug. 8, 1864. 
 
 Wm. H. Wilson, must, iu Aug. 18, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Jan. 30, 1S63. 
 Thomas WoUkill, must in Aug. 18, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 7, 1863, for wounds received 
 
 in action July 1, 1862. 
 William Wilsou, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Aug. 3, 1863. 
 Jacob K. Wilsou, must in Aug. 17, 1861 ; must, out Sept 10, 1864, ex. of term. 
 Michael Wesley, must, in Aug, 17, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Feb. 26, 1863. 
 Anthony White, must in Feb. 20, 1862; must out March 13, 1865, ex. of term. 
 
Vlll 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Wm. H. White, must, in Sept. 20, 1862 ; disch. by general order June 27, 1865. 
 Thomas Whitehead, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; disch. on aurg. cert. Bee. 31, 1862. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 (Recruited in Chester County.) 
 Capt. Benjamin H. Sweeney, must, in July 27, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 19, 1863. 
 Capt. Wm. Sherwood, must, in Aug. 10, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut. Co. E to capt. 
 
 March 4, 1864 ; must, out Feb. 28, 1865, expiration of term. 
 Capt. Joseph B. Downing, must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; pro. from acjjt. to capt. April 
 
 16, 1865 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. 
 Ist Lieut. John H. Gray, must, in Sept. 25, 1861 ; pro. to qrmr. March 1, 1862. 
 1st Lieut. F. W. Wombacker, must, in Sept 25, 1861 ; pro. from 2d to 1st lieut. 
 
 March 3, 1862 ; trans, to Co. C Jan. 11, 1863. 
 Ist Lieut. Abraham T. Hilands, must, in Aug. 15, 1861; pro. from 2d lieut. Co. 
 
 H to 1st lieut. Jan. 1, 1864 ; to adjt. March 17, 1864. 
 1st Lieut. Josiah L. Barton, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; pro. from qrmr.-sergt. to Ist 
 
 lieut. March 16, 1864; captured at Spottsylvauia May 10, la64 ; trans, to Co, 
 
 H Nov. 1, 1864. 
 let Lieut John D. Howell, must in Sept. 12, 1861 ; pro. from com.-sergt to 2d 
 
 lieut Dec. 8, '63 ; to 1st lieut. July 8, '64 ; must out with comp. July 15, '65. 
 2d Lieut Don Juan Wallings, mutit in Sept 25, 1861; pro. from Ist sergt to 2d 
 
 lieut March 3, 1862 ; resigned March 13, 1863. 
 2d Lieut Robert Davison, must iu Aug. 17, 1861 ; trans, from Co. Dec. 9, 1863 ; 
 
 pro, from corp. to sergt. March 4, 1864; to 2d lieut. Sept 16, 1864; to Ist 
 
 lieut and adjt, April 16, 1865; vet 
 2d Lieut. Wm. H. Glass, must in Aug. 15, 1861; trans, from Co. H Dec. 9,1863; 
 
 pro. from corp. to sergt May 10, 1804; to Ist sergt. Nov. 1, 1864 ; to 2d lieut 
 
 May 1, 1865; must out with company July 15, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Ist Sergt Isaac F. Beaver, trans, from Co. D Dec. 9, 1S63 ; pi-o. from corp. to sergt. 
 
 Sept. 16, 1864 ; to 1st sergt May 1, 1865 ; must, out with comp. July 15, 
 
 1865; vet 
 Ist sergt. James Wharton, must, iu Aug. 18, 1861 ; pro. fi-om corp. to sergt. Dec, 
 
 28, 1862; to Ist sergt March 4, 1864; killed at Spottsylvauia Court-house 
 
 May 10, 186-1. 
 1st Sergt Wm. M. Irvin, must iu Aug. 17, 1861 ; pro. to 1st lieut. of Co. G March 
 
 4, 1864. 
 1st Sergt J, J, Cromer, must in Sept. 21, 1861 ; must out Nov, 1, '64, ex. of term. 
 Sergt Francis H. Taggart, must iu Aug. 17, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 18, 1863, to accept 
 
 pro. ; must Nov. 19, 1863, as 2d lieut 8th U. S. C. T. ; pro. 1st lieut. Nov. 27, 
 
 1864 ; must out Nov. 10, 1865. 
 Sergt Moses Starkey, killed in battle of the Wilderness. 
 Sergt. Atchasou McClellan, must, in Aug. 17, 1861 ; trans, from Co. C Dec. 9, 1863 ; 
 
 pro. from cofp. to sergt Sept. 19, 1864; must out with comp. July 15, 1865. 
 Sergt. Samuel C. Steiner, must, in Aug. 17, 1863; drafted ; pro. to corp. Aug, 1, 
 
 1864; to sergt Nov. 1, 1864; muBt. out with comp. July 15, 1865. 
 Sergt Jacob F. Walk, must, in Aug. 22, 1863 ; drafted ; pro, to corp. Aug. 1, 1864 ; 
 
 to sergt Nov. 1, 1864 ; must out with comp. July 15, 1865. 
 Sergt. Alexander Hight, must in Sept 17, 1863; substitute; captured Sept 29, 
 
 1864 ; pro. to sergt. May 9, 1865; mast, out with comp. July 15, 1865. 
 Corp. Joseph McQuillen, must, iu Aug. 17, 1861 ; trans, from Co. C Dec. 9, 1863; 
 
 must out with company July 15, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Joel B. Huberts, must iu Sept 7, 1863 ; drafted ; pro. to coi-p. May 10, 1864 ; 
 
 must, out with company July 15, 1865. 
 Corp. W. H. Washaliska, must iu Nov. 17, 1863; substitute; pro. to corp, Nov. 
 
 1, 1864; must, out with company July 15, 1865. 
 Corp. Samuel Vanseyoc, must in May 30, 1864; drafted; pro, to corp, Nov. 1, 
 
 1804; must, out with company July 15, 1865. 
 Corp. Michael Walk, must in Aug. 22, 1863 ; dratted ; pro. to corp. Nov. 1, 1864 ; 
 
 nmst. out with company July 15, 1805. 
 Corp. Winfield S. Pugh, must, in Nov. 27, 1803 ; substitute ; pro. to corp. May 1, 
 
 1865; must, out with company July 15, 1865. 
 Corp. Isaac Getz, must iu June 14, 1804; drafted ; pro. to corp. May 25, 1865; 
 
 must out with company July 16, 1865. 
 Cui-p. J. R, C. Moutgomery, must in June 8, 1864; drafted ; pro. to cdrp. June 
 
 19, lb65 ; must out with company July 15, 1805. 
 Corp. Robert A. Roach, must, in Aug. 17, 186L; killed at Spottaylvania C.-H. 
 
 May 10, 1864; veteran. 
 Corp. Gehara Labar, must in Sept 22, 1863; drafted; pro. to corp. March 4, 
 
 1864 ; killed at Spbttsylvania May 10, 1864. 
 Corp. Geo. Stanford, must iu May 30, 1864; died April 15, I860, of wounds re- 
 ceived in action, 
 Corp, D. M. Reynolds, must, in Aug. 18, 1861 ; disch. May 14, 1864, to accept 
 
 pro.; veteran. 
 Corp. W, H, Snyder, must, in Nov. 16, 1863 ; substitute; disch. May 21, 1865. 
 Corp. D. C. Chishulm, must in Nov. 19, '63; drafted; disch. by G. 0, June 13, '65, 
 
 Prioalea. 
 Jacob Aikoy, must, in Nov, 18, 1863; drafted; absent at muster out 
 Bennett Angwine, must iu July 4, 1804; drafted; disch. by G. 0. May 20, 1865, 
 Wm. A. Alter, must iu Ang. 2-A, 1863 ; drafted ; pro. to priu. mus. July 27, 1864. 
 L. B, Applemau, must, iu Sept 25, 1861 ; died April 22, 1862, 
 W. R. Bartiey,must in Nov, 16, '63; drafted; must out with comp. July 15, '65. 
 
 E. Brown, nmst. in Nov. 17, *63; substitute; must out with comp. July 15, '65. 
 John II. Brown, must iu June lU, 1864; substitute; must out with comp. July 
 
 15, 1865. 
 Jer. Bridge, must iu Nov. 20, 1863 ; drafted ; must, out with comp. July 15, 1865. 
 
 F. Bartells, must in June 15, '04; substitute; must out with comp. July 15, '65. 
 
 L. Boulino, must, in June 10, '64 ; substitute ; must out with comp. July 15, '65, 
 George Batzell, must in Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with comp. July 15, 1865. 
 William Bressler, must in Aug. 22,1863; drafted; wounded at Spottaylvania 
 
 C.-H. May 10, 1864; absent at muster out. 
 Joseph Boyer, must, in Nov. 16, 1863 ; drafted ; absent, sick, at muster out 
 Chas. H. Brown, must, in May 20, 1864 ; drafted ; diach. by G. 0. July 14, 1865. 
 John Brooks, must in Nov. 20, 1863 ; drafted ; wounded at Spottsylvauia C.-H. 
 
 May 10, 1864; absent at muster out 
 Joel D. Burdick, must in Sept 24, 1863 ; drafted ; killed at Spottsylvauia C.-H. 
 
 May 10, 1864 ; buried at Gordonsville C.-H., Va. 
 Joseph Beck, must in Nov. 17, 1863; drafted. 
 Henry Brand, must in Nov. 16, 1863; substitute. 
 
 Geo. Burthamer, must in Aug. 22, 1863; substitute; died July 13, 1864. 
 Edwaid Barger, muat. in June 15, 1864; substitute ; dLich. by G. 0. June 5, 1865. 
 W. F. Brown, must iu Nov. 16, '63 ; substitute ; disch. on aurg. cert Dee. 31, '64. 
 Samuel Bickel, must in Aug. 16, 1861 ; wounded June 23, 1862 ; must out Oct. 
 
 24. 1864, at expiration of term. 
 
 M. Bowser, must in Aug. 22, 1863; drafted; trans, to Vet Res. Corps Dec. 5, '64. 
 
 Wm, C. Brown, must in Sept 25, 1861 ; died Dec. 30, 1861. 
 
 Charles T. Butler, must in Sept. 25, 1801 ; died June 18, 1862. 
 
 J. B. Christ, must, in Aug. 17, 1863 ; drafted ; must out with comp. July 15, '65. 
 
 Wash. Chappell, must in Nov 20, 1863; substitute; must out with comp. July 
 
 15. 1865. 
 
 H. Cell, must in May 30, 1864; drafted ; must, out with comp. July 15, 1865. 
 H. Crook, must, in June 15, '64; substitute ; must out with comp. July 15, 1865. 
 L. Chilson, muat. in Sept. 23, 1863 ; drafted; absent, sick, at muster out. 
 Alex. M. Cummings, must, in Nov. 17, 186 J ; substitute; captured at Wilderness 
 
 May 7, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 13, 1865. 
 Peter Collins, must, in Nov. 19, 1863; substitute. 
 
 Samuel R. Caldwell, must in Feb. 15, 1865; diach. by ap. ord. April 8, 18 65. 
 George Crose, must iu Sept. 25, 1861 ; disch. on aurg. cert. Jan. 25, 1862. 
 C. Coruelison, must, iu Nov. 28, '63; substitute; disch. on aurg. cert Feb, 7, '65. 
 Richard Dye, must, in Nov. 21, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. 
 Daniel Diamond, must in Nov. 17, 1863; substitute. 
 
 J. C. Dougherty, must, in Aug. 22, 1863 ; drafted; disch, by G. 0. June 26, 1865. 
 M. H, Diehl, must in June 4, 1864; drafted ; disch. on surg. cei-t. May 25, 1865. 
 Joel Everhart, must. In June 14, 1864; substitute; must, out with comp. July 
 
 15, 1865. 
 Peter Emore, must, in Nov. 17, 1863; drafted. 
 James M, Swing, must, in Nov. 30, 1863; drafted. 
 
 E. Franklin, must, in June 1, '64 ; substitute ; must, out with comp. July 15, '65. 
 H. Fickes, must iu June 2, 1864; drafted; must, out with comp. July 15, 1865. 
 H, Fisher, must, in July 19, 1864 ; drafted ; must, out with comp . July 15, 1865, 
 W. P. Frazer, must in April 4, 1865; must out with company July 15, 1865. 
 Darius Ford, must in Aug. 17, 1863 ; aubatitute ; died July 1 1, 1864 ; buried in 
 
 National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. 
 
 B. R. Flickinger, muat in Nov. 28, 1863; drafted; diach. by G. 0. May 30, 1865. 
 Wilmer W. Fimple, must in Sept 25, 1801 ; died Feb. 22, 1862. 
 
 John Gill, must in March 10, 1865; must out with company July 15, 1865. 
 
 Wm, Gregor, must, in Feb. 14, 1865; must out with company July 15, 1865. 
 
 J. Giant, must, ia Aug. 22,1863; substitute; must, out with comp. July 15, 1865. 
 
 H. Holland, must in May 30, 1804; drafted ; must, out with comp. July 15,1865. 
 
 Stephen M. Hall, muat. in March 3, 1805 ; must out with comp. July 15, 1865. 
 
 0. Henniugway, muat in Dec. 14, 1863 ; substitute. 
 
 J. llelfrick, must in May 30, 1864; drafted; killed at Petereburg April 6, 1865, 
 
 Smith Heston, must in Sept 25, 1861 ; disch. on aurg. cert. June 24, 1862. 
 
 James Igo, must, in Aug. 22, 1863 ; drafted. 
 
 Peter R. Irvine, must in Nov. 17, 1863 ; drafted ; captured May 5, 1864 ; died in 
 
 Andersonville prison, Sept, 10, 1864. 
 J. Jarrett must in July 13, 1864; drafted ; must out with comp. July 15, 1865. 
 John Keifer, must in Nov. 19, 1863 ; must out with company July 15, 1866. 
 Matthias L. Kline, must, in Nov. 10, 1863; substitute; wouuded in action April 
 
 1, 1865 ; absent, sick, at muster out 
 Elijah Kellerman, must, in May 31, 1864; drafted ; absent, sick, at muster out 
 John Kaylor, must, in Nov. 5, 1863; substitute ; died June 13, 18G4, of wounds 
 
 received in action. 
 Samuel D. Kugler, must, in June 3, 1864 ; drafted ; died Aug. 6, 1864. 
 Wm Kennedy, must in Nov. 30, 1863; drafted. 
 John Knode, muat in Nov. 17, 1863; drafted. 
 Samuel Koser, must in Nov 17, 1863; drafted, 
 
 Geo. Kuhu, must, in June 2, 1864; drafted; disch. by G.O. June 2, 1865. 
 Maris Kitzeluian, must iu Sept 25, 1861. 
 
 J. Ludwig, muat. iu Nov. 10, '63 ; substitute ; must, out with comp. July 15, '65. 
 John Lounsberry, must in Nov. 7, 1863 ; substitute ; must, out with comp. July 
 
 15, 1865. 
 G. W. Larrish, must in June 14, '64 ; drafted ; must, out with comp. July 15, '65. 
 
 C. Linn, must in Nov. 17, 1863 ;'sub8titute; disch. on snrg. cert April 20, 1864. 
 Lewis L. Leib, muat iu Nov. 16, 1863 ; substitute ; trans, to Vet. Res, Corps 
 
 April 1, 1864. 
 J. B. Miller, must, in Aug. 22, 1863 ; drafted; must out with comp. July 15, '61. 
 Davi.l 0. Minnim, must iu June 12, 1864 ; drafted ; absent, sick, at niuater out 
 Richard Moyer, must in Nov. 17, 1863 ; drafted; killed at Spottaylvania 0. H. 
 
 May 10, 1864. 
 John Mensch, muat in Nov. 16, 1863; drafted; killed at Spottsylvauia C, H, 
 
 May 10, 1804. 
 Daniel Mease, must in Nov. 19, 1863; drafted; died Feb, 28, 1864, 
 Henry Mitchell, must, in Nov. 10, 1863; drafted. 
 
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OP THE REBELLION. 
 
 J. Magee, must, in Nov. 25, 'G3 ; dniftod ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Feb. 18, '65. 
 Alfred Moulder, iimst. in Sept. 25, 1801 ; disch. on suig. cert. Dec. 27, 1861. 
 J. G. McCorU, must. In Aug. 10, 1861; must, out Out. 24, 1864, at e.\p. of term. 
 Geo. W. MoCauloy, must, in Aug. 22, 1863 ; drafted ; trans, to Vet. Kes. Corps 
 
 April 1, 1866. 
 J. A. Nesbit, must, in May 30, 1864; drafted; must, out with comp. July 15, '65. 
 John O'Keilly, must, in Nov. 18, 1863 ; snlistitute. 
 Lee W. Pussmore, must, in Sept. 25, 1861 ; died Jan. 16, 1862. 
 James Purcell, must, in Nov. 16, 1803 ; substitute. 
 
 Isaac Hhoads, must, in Jnne 2, 1864; drafted ; must. out with comp. July 16, '65. 
 William Rouner, must. in Nov. 17,1863; drafted; wounded in action April 1, 
 
 1865 ; absent at muster out. 
 J. Itabors, must, in Nov. 20, 1863 ; substitute ; killed at Spottsylvania C.-H. May 
 
 10, 1864. 
 H. L. Kovell, must, in Nov. 11, 1863 ; substitute ; killed at Spottsylvania C.-H 
 
 May 10, 1864. 
 Henry Rosenbrock, must, in Nov. 16, 1863; substitute. 
 John Smith, must, in Fell. 14, 1865 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865. 
 G.Smith, must, in May 30. 1864; drafted; must, out with comp, July 15, 1866. 
 J. W. Sook, must, in May ,TO, 1S64 ; drafted ; must, out with comp. July 15, 1865. 
 T. B. Sensor, must, in May 31, '04; drafted; must, out with comp. July 15, '65. 
 S. Summel-s, must, in May 30, '64; dmfted ; must, out with comp. July 15, '05. 
 J. Summers, must, in June 3, '64; drafted; must, out with comp. July 15, '06. 
 Samuel Siugley, must, in July 20, 1864 ; drafted ; absent, sick, at muster out. 
 D. Sanner, must. iuNov. 18,1803; substitute; absent at muster out. 
 David R. Shaffer, must, lu June 2, 1864; drafted; killed at Spottsylvania C.-H. 
 
 May 10, 1804. 
 Kelson Shepherd, must, in Sept. 25, 1803; substitute; captured Jan. 1864; died 
 
 in Florence, S. C, Oct. 28, 1804. 
 John Skiliington, must, iu Jnne 14, 1804; d afted; died Sept. 14, 1804. 
 Sanmel B. Stover, must, iu Nov. 23, 1863 ; drafted; captured; died at Anderson- 
 
 ville, Ga., Aug. 22, 1864; grave 6523. 
 'William Smith, must, in June 7, 1804; substitute. 
 H. G. Seaman, must, in Nov. 27, 1863 ; sub. ; disch. on surg. cert. April 21, 1864. 
 
 A. Sauderling, nmst. iu June 10, 1864; drafted; disch. on surg. cert. May 8, '65. 
 G. Stnible, must, in Nov. 12, 1863: substitute; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 12, '65. 
 Wiuslow Shunway, must, in Nov. 28, 1803; substitute; disch. on surg. cert. 
 
 Feb. 19, 1865. 
 Wm. Suttlemore, must, in June 2, 1864; substitute ; disch. by G. 0. June 11, '65. 
 Jas. Stevenson, must, in Nov. 5, 1863 ; substitute ; trans, to U.S.N. April 22, '64. 
 Freeman Smith, must, in Sept. 25, 1861 ; died Dec. 10, 1861. 
 John Toman, must, in June 7, 1864; drafted ; captured Sept. 1, 1864; must, out 
 
 with company July 15, 1865. 
 Thos. Trumphour, must, in Aug. 20, 1803 ; drafted. 
 
 B. Vanscyoc, must, in May 30, 1804; drafted; must, out with comp. July 15, '65. 
 S. Waughen, must, in Nov. 17, '6-J; drafted; killed at Spotlsylvania May 10, '64. 
 Jacob H. Wirth, must, in Nov. 14, 1863; substitute; killed at Spottsylvania 
 
 May 10, 1864. 
 D. Wolf, must, in May 30, '64 ; drafted ; killed at Petersburg, Va., April 0, 1803. 
 D. Waltman, must, in Sept. 22, 1803; drafted; killed at Spottsylvania C.-H. 
 
 May 10, 1864. 
 Charles Whitus, must, in Nov. 17, 1863; substitute. 
 Geo. M. Wakefield, must, in Aug. 10, 1801 ; must, out Oct. 24, 1864, expiration 
 
 of term. 
 Jos. Tocum, must, in Nov. 30, '63 ; drafted ; must, out with comp. July 15, 1865. 
 Amos Yeager, must, in Sept. 17, 1803; drafted; killed at Spottsylvania C.-H. 
 
 May 10, 1864. 
 William Touug, must. In Aug. 27, 1863 ; drafted ; killed at Spottsylvania C.-H. 
 
 May 10, 1804. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 2d Lieut. James T. Moore, rank from July 14, 1865; must, out with company as 
 
 sergt. July 15, 1865. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 Capt. John W. Russell, rank from Oct. 25, 1864; must, out with company July 
 
 16, 1865 ; let lieut. from Jan. 1, 1S64. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 Capt. Charles Whiting, rank from July 14, 1865; must, out July 15, 1865, with 
 
 company as qrmr.-sergt. 
 1st Lieut. Benj. U. Downing, rank from Jan. 1, 1864; must, out Feb. 28, 1865, 
 
 term expii-ed. 
 1st Lieut. 6. W. McCaffcrty, rank from July 14, 1806; must, out as Ist sergt. 
 
 with company July 16, 1805. 
 2d Lieut. John D. Gillespie, rank from March 1, 1865 ; must, out at exp. of term. 
 
 FIFTIETH RE6T. INFT. VOLS. 
 Adjt L. Crater, rank from March 20, 1806 ; must, out with his regt. July 30, '65. 
 Asst.-surg. Joseph P. Tickers, rank from Aug. 30, 1861; resigned July 18, 1864. 
 
 Ctympamj H. 
 2a Lieut. H. S. Francis, rank from May 1, '65 ; must, out with comp. .Tuly 30, '66. 
 
 FIFTY-FIRST REGT. INFT. VOLS. 
 Lieut.-Col. Thomas S. Bell, with rank from July 27, 1861 ; killed in action at 
 
 Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. 
 Aajt. Daniel P. Bible, with rank from Oct. 30, 1861 ; resigned June 6, 1862. 
 
 FIFTY-THIRD REGT. INFT. VOLS. 
 
 ViM and Staff Officera. 
 
 Col. S. Octavius Bull, rank from Sept. 18, 1804; must, in Sept. 18, 1861; pro. 
 
 from capt. of Co. A to maj. June 2, 1862 ; to lieut.-col. May 17, 1804; to col. 
 
 Sept. 18, 1804; must, out Nov. 1, 1864, expirati.m of term. 
 Asst-Burg. William B. Wynne, nmst. in Nov. 7, 1861; pro. to surg. ISOth Seat 
 
 P. V. Oct. 28, 1862. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 (Recruited in Chester County.) 
 Capt. S. Octavius Bull, must, in Sept. 18, 1R61 ; pro. to maj. June 2, 1802. 
 Capt. Wm. M. Mintver, must, iu Sept. 18, 1801 ; pro. from 1st lieut. to capt. June 
 
 2, 1862 ; to lieut.-col. Sept. 29, 1864. 
 Capt. Charles L. Geiger, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; pro. to 1st sergt.; to 2d lieut. 
 
 Sept. 20, 1804; to capt. Oct. 30, 1804; must, out with comp. July 30, 1865; 
 
 veteran. 
 1st Lieut. Jno. T. Potts, must, in Sept. 18, 18S1 ; pro. from 2d lieut. Nov. 1, 1862 ; 
 
 disch. on surg. cert. July 31 , 1803. 
 1st Lieut. John H. Root, must, iu Sept. 18, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. 
 
 June 2, 1862 ; to Ist lieut. April 23, 1864 ; must, out Oct. 8, 186t, exp. of teim. 
 Ist Lieut. Levi J. Fritz, must, iu Dec. 22, 1863 ; pro. from qrmr.-sergt. to 2d lieut. 
 
 Oct. 30, 1804 ; disch. by G. 0. May 15, 1805 ; veteran. 
 2d Lieut. Tobias B. Schmearer, nmst. in Sept. 18, 1861 ; pro. from corp. to sergt. ; 
 
 to Isl sei-gt. Oct. 1, 1864; to 2d lieut. Oct. 30, 1864; must, out with company 
 
 June 30, 1805 ; veteran. 
 Ist Sergt. EH K. Nagle, must, iu Sept. 18, 1861; pro. to Corp.; to sergt. July 1, 
 
 1864 ; to Ist sergt. Nov. 9, 'b4 ; must, out with comp. June 30, '06 ; vetei-an. 
 Sergt. Evan Fryer, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; pro. to corp.; to sergt. Nov. 1, 1804; 
 
 must, out with coni])auy June 30, 1805 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. George W. Rahn, must, in Sept. 18, 1861; jiro. to corp; to sergt. Nov. 1, 
 
 1864 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. Jos. Spang, nmst. in Sept. 18, 1801 ; pro. to Corp.; to sergt. April 1, 1865; 
 
 nmst. out with company June 30, 1805 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. Jonas Brickart, nmst in Sept. 18, 1861 ; pro. to corp. July 1, 1864; to 
 
 sergt. May 7, 1865; must, out with company June 30, 1865; veteran. 
 Sergt. Wm. P. Yergey, must, in Sept. 18, 1801 ; must, out Nov. 7, 1861, at expira- 
 tion of term. 
 Sergt. George W. Shingle, must in Sept. 18, 1861; pro. from private to sergt ; 
 
 killed in action March 31, 1865; veteran. 
 Sergt. Wm. H. Graham, must, in Sept. 18, '62; pro. from private to sergt.; killed 
 
 at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. Edward li. Weand, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; pro. from corp. to sergt ; cap- 
 tured, date unknown ; died April 31, 1806. 
 Sergt. Joseph Davis, must, in Sept. 18, 1801 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 Corp. Christian G. Lessig, must, in Sept. 18, 1801 ; pro. to corp. July 1, 1864 ; 
 
 wounded Nov. 4, 1804 ; absent at nmster out; vetej-an. 
 Corp. David Houck, must, in Sept. 18, 1801 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 1, 1804; nmst. out 
 
 with company June 30, 1865; veteran. 
 Corp. Benneville Harp, must, iu Sept. 18, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. Jan. 1, 1866 ; must. 
 
 out with company June 30, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. John H. Fryer, must, iu Sept. 18, 1861 ; killed at Cold Harbor June 3, 
 
 1804 ; buried at National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. ; veterau. 
 Corp. James McFarland, must, iu Sept. 18, 1801 ; pro. to corp. ; killed in action 
 
 March 31, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Josiah Godshall, must, iu Sept. 18, 1861; pro. to Corp.; captured; died 
 
 while prisoner, date uuknown ; veteran. 
 Corp. Cornelius Uxley, must, iu Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 Corp. George Sheets, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on niusler-out roll. 
 Corp. Frederick Boycr, must, iu Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on nraster-out roll. 
 Corp. Ohas. W. Gan.sline, must, in Sept, 18, 1801 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 Musician Jonas W. Burns, must, iu Sept. 18, 1861; pro. from private; must, out 
 
 with company June 30, 1805; veteran. 
 Musician Franklin Detwiler, must, in Sept. 18, 1801; pro. from private; must. 
 
 out with company June 30, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Musician Thomas Donohoe, must, iu Sept. 18, 1801 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 
 Privates. 
 John Ayres, nmst. in Sept. 18, 1801 ; must, out with comp. June 30, 1805 ; vet. 
 Joseph Ashdale, must, in July 21, 1864 ; sub.; disch. by G. 0. June 3, 1865. 
 Peter Arnold, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 Wallace Bradford, must, in Feb. 23,1804; wounded April 2, 1866; absent at 
 
 muster out. 
 Philip Brown, must, in Sept. 3, 1804 ; sub. ; must, out with company June 30, 65. 
 Wm Beam, must, in Feb. 23, 1864 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps ; disch. Aug. 7, '65. 
 J. A. Breuueman, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; sub.; wounded; disch. by G. 0. 
 
 May 31, 1865. 
 L Burkensbrock, must, in Aug. 14, 1S63; missing in action May 10, 1864. 
 Justice Backus, must, in Aug. 14, 1803 ; must. Out with comp. June 30, 1865. 
 James Boyle, must, in Sept. 3, 1863; missing iu action May 10, 1804. 
 Meredith Batchelder, must, in Aug. 10, 1803 ; must, out with comp. June 30, 66. 
 Abner Bradbury, must, in Feb. 21, 1804; nmst. out with comp. June 30, 1805. 
 John C Burdice, must, in Feb, 13, 1864; absent, sick, at muster out. 
 Monroe Bu.-dice, must, in Feb. 13, 1804; absent, sick, at nmster out. ' 
 Henry F Butts, must, in Sept. 18, 1801; must, out Nov. 7, 1804, at exp. of teim. 
 John H Boyer, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 7, 1804, at exp. of term. 
 James F Boyer, must, in Sept. 18, 1801 ; must, out Nov. 7, 1864, at exp, of term. 
 Wnl am Beddo , must, iu Aug. 10, 1801 ; sub. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 James C. Boston, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; sub. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. 
 Henry Benner, must, in Aug. 24, 1864; sub. ; disch. by G, 0. May 31, 1865. 
 LenaiaB S. Beeker, must, in Aug. 27, 1864 ; sub. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 18G5. 
 
 G. "W. Bechtell, must, in March 1, 1864; died March 28, 1865. 
 
 Geo. "W. Beard, must, in Dec. 22, 1863 ; died of wounds received at Spottsylvania 
 Court-house May 10, 1864; veteran. 
 
 Franklin Bell, must, in March 17, 1865 ; killed in action April 4, 1866. 
 
 Michael Boyer, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on mnster-uut roll. 
 
 Jacob K. Boyer, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll, 
 
 Owen Boyer, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 
 Milton Brant, must, in Sept. 18, 1861; died Bee. 6, 18G1 ; buried in Military 
 Asylum Cemetery, Washington, B. C. 
 
 James Brady, must, in Jan. 19, 1865 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 
 Collins Boyer, must, in June 1, 1864. 
 
 Patrick Collins, must, in Aug. 24, 1863 ; absent on furlough at must. out. 
 
 J. B. Countermau, must, in Aug. 25, 1863 ; must, out with comp. Juue 30, 1865. 
 
 Thos. A. Clark, must, in July 18, '63 ; wounded May 12, *G4 ; absent at must. out. 
 
 McClure Coweu, must, in March 4, 1864; wounded June 7, 1864; absent at 
 muster out. 
 
 ■William Crane, must, in Sept. 18,1863; prisoner from Oct. 26, 1863, to May 6, . 
 1865 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. 
 
 James Cnine, must, in Sept. 3, 18G4 ; sub. ; disch. by 6. 0. May 31, 1S65. 
 
 Geo. ^V. Carpenter, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; sub. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. 
 
 Thos. E. Clark, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; pro. to com.-sergt. Dec. 10, 1864; vet. 
 
 Saml. 11. Campbell, must, in Sept. 18, '61 ; killed at Cold Harbor June 3, '04 ; vet. 
 
 George Comfort, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; died Sept. 18, 1862 ; buried in Military 
 Asylum Cemetery, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Elhannan Cook, must, in Sept. 18, 18G1 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 
 William Carr, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 
 Benjamin Day, must, in Feb. 22, 18G4; must, out with company June 30, 1865. 
 
 James R. Dye, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; deserted July 18, 1863 ; returned Jan. 25, 
 1865 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. 
 
 James DonoUed, must, in Aug. 24, 1863 ; absent, wounded, since March 25, 18f5. 
 
 Charles Dugan, must, in July 24, 1863 ; must, out with company Juue 30, 1865. 
 
 John L. Detwiler. must, in Jan. 30, 18G4 ; disch. by G. 0. May 19, 1865. 
 
 James P. Dowd, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; sub. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 18G5. 
 
 James Dunwoodie, must, in Sept. IS, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 
 Myers Dailey, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; died Sept. 17, 1862 ; buried in National 
 Cemetery, Autietam, Md., sec. 26, lot A, grave 11. 
 
 Abel Detwiler, mubt, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 
 Gottlieb Deagle, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; died Sept. 17, 1862 ; buried in National 
 Cemetery, Autietam, Md,, sec. 26, lot 26, grave 12. 
 
 Solomon Davis, must, in July 2, 1864; drafted; disch. by G. O.May 30, 1865. 
 
 Thomas Day, must, in Jan. 19, 1865 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 
 Mahlon H. Engle, nmst. in Jan. 3U, 1864 ; absent, sick, at muster out. 
 
 Philip Eivel, must, in Aug. 21, 1864 ; sub. ; disch. by G. 0. Juue 22, 1865. 
 
 Wm. H. Eastwood, must, in Aug. 10, 1863 ; sub. ; disch. by G. 0. June 1 9, 1865. 
 
 Ephraim Engle, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 7, 1 864, at ex. of term. 
 
 George Edwards, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 
 Henry F. ri7er, must, in Jan. 30, 1864. 
 
 James Foulk, must, in Feb. 2, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 21, 1865. 
 
 Thomas Forest, must, in Sept. 18, 1863 ; absent, wounded, at muster out. 
 
 Samuel Fielding, must, in Aug. 25, 1864 ; sub. ; disch. by 6. 0. May 31, 1865. 
 
 Joseph Fansey, must, in Sept. 11, 1864; sub. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. 
 
 Daniel B. Foreman, must, in Sept. 18, 1861; not on muster-out roll. 
 
 John H. Fryer, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; killed in action June 16, 1864. 
 
 Richard Gabel, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. 
 
 Francis S. Garber, must, in Jan. 30, 1864. 
 
 Jacob S. Geiger, must. In March 1, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 29, 1865. 
 
 Owen R. A. Que, must, in June 21, 1864; must, out with comp. June 30, 1865. 
 
 James GallMger, must, in Aug. 21, 1864 ; sub. ; must, out with comp. June 30, '65. 
 
 Frederick Guthrie, must, in Feb. 26, 1864; must, out with comp. Juue 30, 1865. 
 
 John Goldsmith, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 
 Richard Gabriel, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 
 Eli Graham, must. In Sept. 18, 18G1; killed at Fair Oaks, Va., June 1,1862; 
 buried in National Cemetery, Seven Pines, sec. B, lot 53, 
 
 Henry A. Holt, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster out. 
 
 David G. Hoffman, must, in Sept. 18, 1861; wounded at Spottsylvauia Court- 
 house May 10, 1 864 ; absent at muster out. 
 
 John S. Heft, must, in Sept. 18, 1861. 
 
 John Heninger, must, in Feb. 3, 1864 ; must, out with comp, June 30, 1865 ; vet. 
 
 Ferdinand Herman, must, in Aug. 17, 1864; sub. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. 
 
 Wm. L. Hobart, must, in March 2, 1865 ; drafted ; disch. by G. 0. date unknown. 
 
 Geo. 0. Hendricks, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; died July 18, 1804, of wounds re- 
 ceived in action July 17, 1864 ; buried at Portsmouth Grove, 11. 1. 
 
 George W. Holt, must, in Sept. 18, 1861; died Nov. 28, 1864; veteran. 
 
 Israel W. Junes, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Juno 30, 18G5, 
 
 Edward Johnson, must, in Aug. 13, 1804 ; absent, sick, a1 must. out. 
 
 Wm. P. Johnson, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; killed in action Nov. 28, 1864 ; vet. 
 
 Chas. W. I. Keyser, nmst. in Feb. 25, 1804; must, out with comp. June 30, '65. 
 
 Jonah Keim, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 7, 1864, at ex, of term. 
 
 Thos. Kirkeudal, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; sub. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1805. 
 
 Henry Kleim, must, in Sept. 18, 18G1 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 
 Henry Lindernian, must, in Sept. 5, 1804; absent on furlough at muster out. 
 
 John Loutreuheiser, must, in Feb. 4, 1864 ; must, out with comp. June 30, 1865. 
 
 Sylvester J. Linn, must, in Feb. 25, 1864 ; paroled prisoner; ab. at must. out. 
 
 David J. Logan, must, in March 3, 1864 ; absent, sick, at muster out. 
 
 Wayne Leightin, must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 16, 1865. 
 
 Enos D. Longaker, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; died of wounds received at Spottsyl- 
 
 vanja Court-house May 10, 1864; veteran. 
 Engelbert Lessig, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 William Lessig, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 Geo. W. D. Long, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 John Moore, must, in April 8, 1864; wounded at Spottsylvauia Court-house 
 
 May 10, 1864 ; absent at must. out. 
 W. C. Miller, must, in Aug. 10, 1864 ; sub. ; must, out with comp. June 30, 1865. 
 Thomas Miles, must, in Aug. 26, 1863 ; sub. ; must out with comp. June 30, '65. 
 Thomas Maier, must, in Aug. 26, 1863; wounded at Spottsylvauia Court-bonse 
 
 May 10, 1864; disch. July 11, 1865 ; to date June 30, 1865. 
 Heni-y Miller, must, in Sept. 30, 1863 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. 
 Edward Maillon, must, in Aug. 24, 1803 ; ab., sick, at must. out. 
 Brooks Minker, must, in Aug. 24, 1863 ; wounded at Spottsylvauia C.-H. May 
 
 10, 1804; absent at must. out. 
 John Martin, must, in Aug. 24, 18G3; wounded Jan. 20, 1865; ab. at must. out. 
 Warren Missimer, must, in Sept. 18, 1861; must, out Nov. 7, 1864, exp of term. 
 Sylvester E. Missimer, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 7, '64, ex. of tenn. 
 Price Maurice, must, in Aug. 23, 1864; substitute; killed in action Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Hauser Missimer, must, in Sept. 18, 1B61 ; not on muBt.-out roll. 
 Ambrose Missimer, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on must.-out roll. 
 Cornelius McCain, must, in Feb. 23, 1864; missing in action June 16, 1864. 
 Patrick McDonald, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; substitute. 
 
 McCallaher, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on ntust-out roll. 
 
 George Nayler, must, in Sept. 18, 1863 ; must, out with comp. June 30, 1805. 
 
 Jacob Nagle, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on must.-out roll. 
 
 John J. Ott, must. in Sept. 16, 1864; substitute; ab. on furlough at must. out. 
 
 Charles Ogeard, must, in Aug. 13, 1804 ; must, out with comp. June 30, 1865. 
 
 John Ox, must, in Sept. 3,1864; substitute; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. 
 
 Benjamin Peyton, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; substitute; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65. 
 
 William Parsons, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; substitute; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65. 
 
 Thomas Price, must, in Sept. 3, 18(i4 ; substitute ; disch, by G. 0. May 31, 1865. 
 
 Francis T. Potts, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 7, 1864, exp. of term. 
 
 Holman Potts, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not ou must. -out roll. 
 
 James Quinn, must, in Sept. 16, 1864; sub.; must, out with comp. June 30, '65. 
 
 David Robinson, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; must, out June 30, 1865; veteran. 
 
 Jerome W. Ruth, must, in Feb. 10, 1864 ; must, out with comp. Juue 30, 1865. 
 
 Rheinhold Rhoads, must, in Jan. 24, 1864 ; must, out with comp. June 30, '65. 
 
 William Rhoads, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on must.-out roll. 
 
 William Riley, must, in Sept, 3, 1864 ; sub. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. 
 
 Jacob G. Rutter, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; disch. by G. 0., date unknown. 
 
 Richard D. Retver, must, in Aug. 29, 1864; sub. ; disch. by G. 0. June 9, 1865. 
 
 John H. Rutter, must, in Feb. 12, 1864; must, out with comp. June 30, 1865. 
 
 R. B. Reynolds, must, in Feb. 2, 1864; must, out with comp. June 30, 1805, 
 
 And. J, T. Roberts, must, in Aug, 21, 1803; must, out with comp. June 30, '65. 
 
 Michael Ryan, must, in Sept. 18, 1803 ; ab., sick, at muster out. 
 
 George Richardson, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; deserted June 20, 1864; returned 
 
 April 27, 1865 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. 
 James Russel, must, in Aug. 24, 1863 ; ab., sick, at must. out. 
 Henry G. Koates, must, in Sept. 18, 1801 ; prisoner from June 23, 1864, to April 
 
 25, 18G5 ; disch. by G. 0. May,25, 1865. 
 Samuel H. Rutter, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; pro. to serfft.-maj. Dec. 24, 1863. 
 Augustus S. Royer, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on mnst.-out roll. 
 S. B. Reifsnyder, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on muBt.-out roll. 
 Isaac Spotts, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; nmst. out with comp. June 30, 1805; vet. 
 Presley Smith, must, in Jan. 30, 1804 ; must, out with comp. June 30, 1865. 
 John D. Sands, must, in Feb. 10, 1864 ; must, out with comp. June 30, 1865. 
 Thomas Seiple, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; sub.; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. 
 Edward Spangler, must, in Jan. 17, 1863 ; must, out with comp. June 30, 1865. 
 Frederick Sherman, nmst. in Sept. 18, 1SG3 ; ab., sick, at must. out. 
 Jacob Smith, must, in April 17, 1863 ; ab., sick, at nmst. out. 
 George Saulentine, must, in Aug. 17, 1863; must, out with comp, June 30, '65, 
 Edward Sanbourn, must, in Aug, 24, 1863; must, out with comp. June 30, '65. 
 Elias Swartzlander, must, in Feb. 29, 1864; ab. in hosp, at must. out. 
 Heni-y Smith, must, in Sept. 13, 1863 ; wounded at Spottsylvauia C.-H. May 12, 
 
 18G4 ; absent at must, out, 
 Peter Seasholtz, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 7, 1 864, exp. of term, 
 Morgan Snyder, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 7, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Augustus G. Straub, must, in Feb. 24, 1864 ; disch. by special order Nov. 25, '64. 
 William Smith, must, in Aug. 24, 1863; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. 
 Mahlon V. Smith, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; nut on muBt.-uut ruU. 
 Samuel Sebold, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on must.-out roll. 
 Harvey Skeam, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on must.-out roll. 
 Robert Summers, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on must.-out roll. 
 Francis Schick, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on nmst.-out roll. 
 Andrew Sassaman, must, in Sept. 18, 1801 ; uot on must.-out roll. 
 Jacob Schaneley, must, in Sept. 18, 1861; not on must.-out roll. 
 Henry Seward, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; sub, ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. 
 William J. Thompson, must, in Sept. 5, 1804; sub.; must, out June 30, 1865. 
 Nathan Trine, must, in Feb. 10, 1864, prisoner from June 22 to Nov. 20, 1864 • 
 
 disch, by G. 0. June 22, 1865. * ' 
 
 Levi Trine, must, in Sept, 17, 1863; must, out with dbmp. June 30, 18G5. 
 Jacob Taney, must, in Sept. 18, 1861; not on must.-out roll. 
 Elias Wisner, must, in Aug. 22, 1804 ; sub. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31 , 1865. 
 Andrew Wandler, must, in March 1,1864; wounded in action Miu-ch 31,1865- 
 
 dlsch. by G. 0. June 14, 1865. * 
 
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OP THE REBELLION. 
 
 Frederick Weltz, must, in Aug. 19, 1864: sub. ; ab., sick, at must. out. 
 
 George W. Williams, must, in Feb. 22, 1864 ; must, out with comp. June 30, '65. 
 
 J. Weakley, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; wounded June 16, 1864; ab. at must. out. 
 
 Wm. Weakley, must, in Feb. 16, 1864; wounded Aug. 14, 1864; ab. atmust.out. 
 
 Cliarles W. Willavd, must, in Aug. 16, 1863 ; wounded ; ab., sick, at must. out. 
 
 Edward Warley, must, in Sept. 18, 1861; must, out Nov. 7, 1864, ox. of term. 
 
 Levi Walleigh, must in Sept. 18, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 7, 1864, ex. of term. 
 
 John Wahl, mnst. in Aug. 24, 1864; sub.; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. 
 
 John Ward, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; substitute. 
 
 John S. Weand, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; pro. to qrmr.-sergt. Nov. 1, 1864 ; vet. 
 
 Abraham Weand, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on must.-out roll. 
 
 David E. Williams, must, in Sept. 18. 1861 ; not on must-out roll. 
 
 Henr)' D. Young, must, in Feb. 25, 186t; ab., sick, at must. out. 
 
 William F. Tecum, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; not on must.-out roll. 
 
 Lewis Young, must. In Sept 18, 1861 ; not on niust.-out roll. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 (Kecruited in Chester and Montgomery Counties.) 
 Capt. William S. Potts, mnst. in Aug. 7, 1861 ; res. April 26, 1862. 
 1st Lieut. G. C. M. Eicholtz, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 j pro. from 1st lieut. to capt. 
 
 April 2fi, 1862; res. Sept. 30, 1863. 
 Ist Lieut. Joseph M. Opdyke, must, in Feb. 6, 1862 ; pro. from 2d to 1st lieut. 
 
 April 26, 1862 ; to capt. Oct. 18, 1863 ; disch. Sept. 13, 1864. 
 1st Lieut. EUet L. Brown, must, in Dec. 22, 1863 ; pro. from sergt. to 2d lieut. 
 Jan. 1, 1865; to Ist lieut. April 20, 1865; must, out with comp. June 30, '65; 
 veteran. 
 2d Lieut Henry L. Hoopes, must in Oct. 30, 1861 ; com. 2d lieut. Oct. 1, 1863 ; 
 ; must out Nov. 7, 1864, e.\piration of term. 
 
 FIFTY-FOURTH REGT. PA. VOLS. 
 
 Asst.-surg. W. H. Gunkle, rank from Oct 15, 1861 ; pro. to surg. 73d Kegt Oct 
 20, 1861. 
 
 Maj. Nathan Davis, rank from March 20,1865; killed in action before Peters- 
 burg, Va., April 2, 1865. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 2d Lieut. John L. Dotts, rank from July 4, 18G4 ; hon. disch. May 15, 18G5. 
 
 FIFTY-FIFTH REGT. PA. VOLS. 
 
 Asst-BUrg. J. S. Kjimsey, rank from Oct 19, 1861 ; pro. to surg. 130th Begt. P. V. 
 Sept 15, 1862. 
 
 FIFTY-EIGHTH REGT. INF. PA. VOLS. 
 
 Asst.-snrg. P. J, Nichols, rank from Aug. 1, 1862 ; pro. to surg. 97th P. V. Feb. 
 27, 1865. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Capt William Slifer, must in Sept 16, 1861 ; pro. to corp. June 28, 1863; to 
 sergt Jan. 1, 1864 ; to 1st sergt April 11, 1865 ; to 1st lieut. July 25, 1865 ; 
 com. capt. Jan. 23, 1866 ; must out with comp. Jan. 24, 1866 ; veteran. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 Capt Joseph E. Johnson, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut of Co. A 
 Nov. 13, 18645 to iTovet maj. March 13, 1865 ; com. maj. Jan. 23, 1866 ; must 
 out with comp. Jan. 24, 1866. 
 
 FIFTY-NINTH REGT. (SECOND CAVALRY) VOLS. 
 COMPANY B. 
 Ist Lieut John Thomas Toy, must in Dec. 14, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt Feb. 27, 
 1865 ; disch. June 17, 1865 ; veteran. 
 
 SIXTY-FIRST REGT. INF. VOLS. 
 Col. George F. Smith, must in March 15, 1862 ; pro. from maj. to lieut-col. June 
 
 1, 1862 ; to col. March 21, 1864 ; must out Sept. 7, 1864, ex. of term ; recom. 
 
 col. Sept. 29, 1864; disch. by special order April 20, 1865. 
 Chaplain W. E. Stockton, must in April 13, 1862; res. Sept 26, 1862. 
 
 SIXTY-THIRD KEGT. INF. VOLS. 
 Surg. W. H. Worthington, must in Oct 14, 1861 ; trans, to 99th Eegt. P. V. Feb. 
 17, 1862. 
 
 SIXTY-FIFTH REGT. (FIFTH CAVALRY) VOLS. 
 COMPANY F. 
 1st Lieut Charles Fred Fowle, rank from Oct 25, 1861 ; res. Jan. 19, 1862. 
 
 SIXTY-SEVENTH REGT. INF. VOLS. 
 
 AOjt Daniel W. Brower, must in Sept. 23, 1861; pro. from sergt-maj. April, 
 
 1865 ; must out witli regiment July 14, 1865; veteran. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 2d Lieut. Eugene J. Weeks, must, in Oct. 26, 1861 ; com. as 1st lieut Co. K June 
 
 15 1863 ; disch. March 12, 1865. 
 
 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGT. INF. VOLS. 
 COMPANY I. 
 Capt John J. Fenlin, must in Sept 2, 1862 ; pro. from 2d to 1st lieut Jan. 9, 
 1863; to capt. Aug. 1, 1863; disch. Nov. 24, 1863, for wounds received at 
 Gettysburg July 3, 1803. 
 
 Capt. Paul F. Whitehead, must. In Sept 2, '62; pro. from eergt.-maj. to Ist lieut. 
 
 July 4, 1863; to capt Dec. 14, 1863; must out with comp. June 9, 1866. 
 2d Lieut Lewis Meredith, with rank from Jan. 9, 1863; mnst in Sept. 2, 1863 ; 
 
 died July 9, 1863, of wounds received at Gettysburg July 2, 1863. 
 
 SEVENTIETH REGT. (SIXTH CAVALRY) VOLS. 
 Asst-surg. Thomas S. Morrison, must in Jan. 31, 1863 ; res. June 30, 1863. 
 
 SEVENTY-FIRST REGT. INF. VOLS. 
 Surg. John Aiken, must in Aug. 1, 1862. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 1st Lieut Charles E. Tucker, must, in July 17, 1861; trans, from Co. K; res. 
 June 18, 1803. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 (This company was recruited in Chester and Philadelphia Counties, but those 
 of the former cannot be spodflcally distinguished on the rolls from those of the 
 latter.) 
 
 Capt Mitchell Smith, must in June 21, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut to capt Jan. 
 21, 1864 ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house May 12, 1864. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 Capt Enoch E. Lewis, mnst. in June 28, 1861; com. mey. Feb. 27, 1863; disch. 
 
 Jan. 16, 1863. 
 Capt Patrick J. Phillips, must, in June 28, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut to capt. 
 
 March 1, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps September, 1863. 
 
 SEVENTY-SECOND INF. VOLS. 
 Surg, J. B. Hayes, rank from March 5, 1862 ; res. Ang. 1, 1862. 
 
 SEVENTY-THIRD INF. VOLS. 
 Surg. W. H. Gunkle, rank from Oct 26, 1861; term expired Nov. 1, 1864. 
 
 SEVENTY-SIXTH INF. VOLS. 
 Adjt. Wm. B. Darlington, must in Nov. 13, 1861 ; res. May 20, 1862. 
 
 EIGHTIETH REGT. (SEVENTH CAVALRY) VOLS. 
 Lieut-Col. James P. Andress, must, in Nov. 4, 1861 ; pro. from capt of Co. G to 
 maj. March 11, 1864; to lieut-col. Feb. 13, 1866; must out with regt Aug. 
 23, 1865. 
 Maj. James Given, must in Dec. 20, 1861 ; captured at Lebanon, Tenn., May 5, 
 1862 ; must, out with regiment Aug. 23, 1865. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 Capt Wm. C. Garrett, must in Nov. 20, 1801 ; pro. from 1st lieut Co. H Dec. 18, 
 
 1862; res. Doc. 18, 1864. 
 Ist Lieut John H. Somers, must in Nov. 14, '61 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut 
 
 May 2, 1864; to Ist lieut Dec. 19, 1864; must, out with comp. A>ig. 23, 1866; 
 
 veteran. _ 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Capt Sam. C. Dixon, must in Feb. 27, 1805 ; must out with comp. Aug. 23, '66, 
 
 COMPANY fi. 
 
 (Recruited in Chester, Lycoming, and Tioga Counties.) 
 
 Capt. W. M. Hinkson, must, in Nov. 6, 1863; pro. fiom corp. to capt. March 
 
 14, 1865; disch. May 14, 1866; recom. May 16, 1865 ; must out with comp. 
 
 Aug. 23, 1865. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 (Kecruited in Alleghany, Chester, and Montour Counties.) 
 1st Lieut Benj. F. Garrelt, must, in Nov. 20, 1861 ; pro. from sergt to 2d lieut.j 
 to 1st lieut Deo. 19, 1862 ; res. March 26, 1863. 
 
 EIGHTY-EIGHTH INF. VOLS. 
 COMPANY A. 
 Capt. Daniel W. Noy, rank from June 14, 1865; must with comp. as 1st lieut 
 June 30, 1865. 
 
 EIGHTY-NINTH PA. VOLS. (EIGHTH CAVALRY). 
 Maj Pennock Huoy, pro. from capt Co. D ta maj. Jan. 1, 1862; to col. June 26, 
 1863; to brevet brig.-geu. March 13, 1866; must in Sept 17, 1861; disch. 
 Jan. 2-3, 1865. 
 Asst-surg. L F. Bverhart, must in June 12, 1863; pro. to surg. Feb. 4, 1865; 
 trans, to 161st Kegt P. V. July 21, 1866. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 (This company was partly recruited in Chester County.) 
 Capt William H. Forest, must, in Sept 19, 1861 ; com. maj. Sept 21, 1862 ; disch. 
 Aug. 28, 1863. 
 
 NINETY-SECOND PA. VOLS. (NINTH CAVALRY). 
 Asst-surg. J. M. Junkin, rank from Oct 23, 1861 ; pro. to surg. 56th Begt. P. V. 
 
 0^"'l^^^- COMPANY G. 
 
 2d Lieut. John T. Hunter, from Aug. 4, 1862; ros. March 19, 1863. 
 
 NINETY-THIRD INFT. PA. VOLS. 
 Surg. W. H. Wortbiugton, from Sept 16, 1862; res. Oct 12, 1863. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 NINETY-SEVENTH REGT. INFT. VOLS. 
 
 FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. 
 
 Colonel!*. 
 
 Henry R, GiiBS, West Chester: com. July 2.5, 1801 ; must, into service at Hilton 
 Head, S. C, to date from Oct. 24, 18GI, to rank from date ofconiniisi-ion ; first 
 entered U. S. service as capt. of t'o. A, 0th Kegt. P. V., for three months, 
 April 22, 1861, and served until July 29, 1861; May 14, 1804, was assigned to 
 command of Ist Brig., 3d Dlv., loth Corps, Army of the James; May 28, 
 18G4, was assigned to command of 3d Brig., 2d Div., 10th Corps, which he 
 retidued until June 2, 1804, when he tendered hia resignation ; he was suh- 
 seqnently promoted to the rank of bvt. brig, and hvt. maj.-gen. U. S. Vols., 
 to rank from March 13, 18G5. 
 
 Galusha Pennypacker, West Chester; pro. from lieut-col. ; first entered self ice 
 as private in Co. A, 9th Kegt. P. V., for three months, April 22, 1861 ; pro. to 
 qrmr.-sergt , and was acting qrnir. during most of the time ; re-entered service 
 as capt. Co. A, 97 th Eegt. P. V., Aug. 22, 1861 ; pro. to maj. Oct. 7, 1861 ; was 
 in command of rogt. at Camp Wayne during the organization of theregt., and 
 subsequently at Hilton Head and Morris Island, S. C, Fernandina, Fla., and in 
 the James River expedition, until May 20, 1864, when he was wounded three 
 limes on the same day in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hundred, Va. ; re- 
 sumed command of regt. as lieut.-cul., Aug. 13, 1804, having been mustered 
 on that date, to rank from April 3, 1804 ; commanded centre division of bri- 
 gade (761h and 97th Regts. P. V.) in an advance on the enemy's lines near 
 Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1804, on which date he was must. col. of the 
 regt., to rank from June 22, 1864; continued in command of regt. until 
 Sept. 15, 18G4, when he was assigned to the command of 2d Bi-ig., 2d Div., 
 loth Corps; was wounded and had his horse killed under him in the action 
 at Kort Gilmer, Va., Sept. 28, 29, 1864; led his brig., the 2d, in the assault 
 upon Fort Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, 186.5, when he was severely wounded (sup- 
 posed mortally) ; pro. to bvt. brig.-gen. U S. Vols., io rank from Jan'. 15, 
 1805 ; to brig.-gen. U. S. Vols. Fell. 18, 1805, and to bvt. maj.-gen. of U. S. 
 Vols. March 13, 1865; res. and hon. disch. May 1, I81.6, having served five 
 years and eleven days; appointed col. 34th luft. U. S. army Deo. 1, 1800, to 
 rank from July 28, 1860; pro. to bvt. brig.-gen. U. S. army, and to bvt. maj.- 
 gen. U. S. army, March 2, 1867; trans, to command of 16th Inft. U. S. army 
 March 25, 1869 ; now commanding in Texas. 
 
 John Wainwright, West Chester; pro. from lieut.-col. June 15, 1866, to rank 
 from June 1, 1865 ; first entered service as private in Co. G, 2d Regt. P. V., 
 for three months, in April, 1861 ; entered three years' service Sept. 23, 1861, 
 as 1st sergt. Co. F, 97th Regt. P. V. ; pro. to 2d lient. Jan. 10, 1862 ; wounded 
 at James Island, S, C, June 9, 1862; pro. to 1st lieut. March 9, 1863; com. 
 capt. Co. F, 97th Regt. P. V., Nov. 1, 1864 ; was in command of regt. as senior 
 1st lieut. from Oct. 28, 1864, until Feb. 1805; was wounded while leading 
 the regt. in the assault upon Fort Fisher, Jan. 15, 1805; was acting adjt. of 
 regt. from Feb. 1865, until April 19th, when he was com. lieut.-col., to rank 
 from Jan. 15, 1865 ; then resumed command of the regt. ; retained it until 
 July 10, 1865, when, as col., he was assigned to command of post of Gaston, 
 N. C; must, out with regt. at Weldon, N. C, Aug. 28, 1805. 
 
 Lieuienani-ColoneU. 
 
 Augustus P. Duer, Atglen ; entered Military Academy (engineering department) 
 at West Point July 1, 1837 ; appointed lieut.-col. Oct. 7, 1801 ; commanded 
 regt. duiing a portion of the time it remained at Camp Wayne; was again in 
 command at Hilton Head, S. C, Sept. 1862 ; at Seabrook Island May, 1863 ; 
 and at St. Helena, S. C. ; was in command of convalescent camp from June 
 20 to Sept. 30, 1863 ; res, and hon. disch. at Hilton Head, S. C, April 3, 1864. 
 
 Galusha Pennypacker, pro. from major, to rank from April 3, 1864; must. Aug. 
 13, 1804 ; pro. to colonel, to rank from June 23, 1864. 
 
 George W. Hawkins, Delaware County ; pro. from capt. of Co. I after de.ith. 
 being mortally wounded while in command of regiment in action Oct. 27, 
 1864, at Darby town road,Va.; died of wounds Oct. 28, 1864; term of service 
 expired on day he was wounded. 
 
 John Wainwright, pro. from 1st lieut. Co. F ; com. and must. April 19, 1865, to 
 rank from Jan. 15, 1865; pro. to col. June 1, 1865. 
 
 William 11. Martin, Lancaster Co. ; pro. from major June 1, 1365 ; not must. 
 
 Mnjors. 
 
 Galnsha Pennypacker, pro. from capt. Co. A Oct. 7, '61 ; to lieut.-col. April 3, '64. 
 
 Isaiah Price, West Chester ; pro. from capt. of Co. C April 3, 1804 ; commanded 
 rogt. during a poi tion of the siege of Morris Island, S. C, from July to Oct., 
 1803 ; again from May 20 to Aug. 13, 1804 ; wounded in action at Green 
 Plains, Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1864; must, out at Bermuda 
 Hundred, Va., Sept. 17, 1864, at ex. of term, as capt. Co. C ; prevented from 
 must, as major on account of absence of Col. Pennypacker, wounded ; since 
 received pro. as bvt. lieut.-col and bvt. col., to date from Sept. 19, 1864. 
 
 Wm. H. Martin, pro. from capt. of Co. A March 15, 1805, to rank from Jan. 15, 
 1805; pro. to lieut.-col. June 1, '65 ; roust, out with rogt. Aug. 28, '65 ; vet. 
 
 Leonard R. Thomas, Moi-hmville ; pro. from capt. Co. C Juno 1, 18C5; must, out 
 as capt. Co. C Aug. 28, 1865. 
 
 Ai^utantii. 
 Henry W. Caruthers, West Chester ; pro. from 1st lieut. Co. C Oct. 31, 1 861 ; firat 
 entered service as private in Co. A, 0th P. V., April 22, 1801, for three months ; 
 com. 1st lieut Co. C Sept. 11, 1801 ; pro. to adjt. Oct 31, 1861 ; acting ass't 
 adjt.-gen. on staff of Col. H. R. Gnss from Aug. 18 to Sept. 24, 1862; again 
 from April 3 to June 15, 1803; again from Aug.l toOct. 1, 1863; at Morris 
 Island, S. C. ; appointed adjt. and acting ass't gen. of post of Fernandina, Fla., 
 
 from Oct. 5, 1863, to April 1 , 1804 ; accompanied re-enlisted veterans of regt. 
 home on furlough ; rejoined regt. May 14, 1804 ; then appointed acting ass't 
 adjt.-gen. of 1st Brig., 3d Div., 10th Corps, until June 4, 1804 ; pro. capt. of 
 Co, i\ 97lh P. v., to rank from April 3, 1861 ; severely wounded in action at 
 SIrawlierry Plains, Va., Aug. 11, 1864 ; died of wounds Aug. 22, 1864, at 
 Chesapeake Hospital, Fortress Monroe, Va. 
 Elwood P. Baldwin, West Chester; pro. from Ist sergt. Co. H to Ist lieut. and 
 ac(jt. May 26, 1865 ; must, out with regt. Aug. 28, 1865, at Weldon, N. 0. 
 
 Quartfrmaatei'R, 
 
 David .Tones, West Chester; com. Oct. 31, 1861 ; first entered service as 1st lieut. 
 Co. F, 9th P. v., April 22, 1861, for three months; com. 1st lieut.; appointed 
 post qrnir at Hilton Head, S. C, from Aug. 18, 1862, to Oct. 1, 1803; ap- 
 pointed post qrnir. at Fernandina, Fla., from Oct. 7, 1803, to Fell. 25, 1804; 
 again from March 27, 1864, to April 23, 1864; appointed acting asst. qrmr. 
 loth Corps from April 25 to Oct. 20. 1804 ; hon. disch. at Chapin's Farm, Va., 
 Oct. 31, 1804, at exp. of term. Since received from Gov. Curtin bvt. pro. as 
 capt, to date from Oct. 31, 1864, and from Gov. Geary bvt. pro. as major, to 
 date from Oct. 31, 1804. 
 
 George L. Taggart, Chester Co. ; pro. from qrmr.-sergt. to 1st lieut. and qrmr., 
 to rank from Oct. 31. 1804 ; appointment not accepted; disch. Aug. 30, 1864, 
 at exp. of term; com. dated Jan. 1, 180.5. 
 
 John H, Brower, Chester Co. ; pro. from qrmr.-sergt. to 1st lieut. and qrmr. June 
 7, 1806 ; must, out with regt. at Weldon, N. C, Aug. 28, 1865. 
 
 Surgeons. 
 
 John R. Everhart, West Chester; com. and must. Oct. 14, 1861, for three years; 
 acting brig. surg. on staff of Col. Gnss fi-oni April 1 to Aug. 1, 1863; again 
 from Aug. 1 to Oct. 1, 1863 ; appointed post surg. at Fernandina, Fla , from 
 Oct. 5, 1863, to April 22, 1864 ; acting brig. surg. 1st Brig , 3d Div., loth Corps, 
 from May 1 to Nov. 12, 1864; hon. disch. at Chapin's Farm, Va., at exp. of 
 term. Since received from Gov. Curtin bvt. pro. as lieut.-col., to date from 
 Oct. 31, 1864. 
 
 Pennock J. Nichols, Chester Co.; appointed Feb. 27, 1865; first entered service 
 as asst. surg. 58th P. V. Aug. 2, 1862 ; was health officer of post at Washing- 
 ton, N. C, from Jan. 11 to April 25, 1S64; chief surg. of art. brig., 18th 
 Corps, from Sept. 16, 1864, to March 12,1865; ordered to 97th P. V. a* surg. 
 March 25,1805; acting brig. surg. of 2d Brig., 2d Div., loth Corps, from April 
 &to July 10, 1805; joined the 97tli Regt. as surg. at Faisson's Station, N. C, 
 and must, asking. March 25, 1865 ; hon. disch. with regt. at Weldon, N. C, 
 Aug. 28, 1805. 
 
 AssisUini-Svrgeone. 
 
 George W. Miller, Phila. ; must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. for pro. April 25, 1864. 
 
 William C. Morrison, Chester Co.; com. Aug. 1, 1862; assigned to regt. and 
 joined Sept. 5, 1862; temporarily detained for duty with bat. of 24th Mass. 
 from July 10, 1803, to Aug. 6, 1863 ; again to 4th N. H. Vols. Sept. 1864; 
 again to 9th Maine Vols. Oct. 1864; res. and hon. disch. at Chapin's Farm, 
 Va., Jan. 1, 1865. 
 
 Cliaplains. 
 
 Wm. M. Whitehead, Chester Co.; com. and must. Nov. 19, 1861, for three years; 
 res. on acc't of failing health ; hon. disch. at Hilton Head, S. C, Aug. 20, '62. 
 
 D. W. Moore, Ceutreville, Delaware State ; must, in July 10, '64; res. Nov. 21, '64. 
 
 SergeanlrMajors. 
 Goorgo A. Lemaistre, Philadelphia; pro. from sergt. Co. H Oct. 31, 1S61 ; pro. to 
 
 2d lieut. Co. H April 30, 1862 ; com. received June 22, 1862. 
 Samuel W. Hawley, Chester Co. ; pro. from corp. Co. C June 6, 1862 ; wounded 
 
 in action at Swift Creek, near Peteraburg, Va., May 9, 1S64; must, out Sept. 
 
 17, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 Cheyney T. Haines, Chandlen'ille; pro. from corp. Co. G Sept. 18, 1864; pro! to 
 
 1st lieut. Co. G Nov. 2, 1864; veteran. 
 Henry E. Coates, Philadelphia; pro. from corp. Co. K Jan. 1, 1865; must. out 
 
 witli regt. at Weldon, N. C, Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 
 Qwirtei-master-Serfjeantn. 
 James T. Skiles, Chester Co. ; pro. from corp. Co. B Oct. 29, 1861; pro. to 2d lient. 
 
 Co. B Dec. 10, 1862; com. received May 27, 1863; must. June 19, 1863. 
 George L. Taggart, Coatesville ; pro. from private Co. A. S. 0. heiuJqi-s., 97tli P. V., 
 
 July 1, 1863; must, out Aug. 30, 1804, at exp. of term ; appointed qrmr. ; 
 
 com. received Jan. 1, 1805, but did uot accept. 
 Leonard R. Thomas, Mortonvillo; pro. from corp. Co. C Sept. 1, 1804 ; pro. to 2d 
 
 lieut. Co. C Sept. 23, 1804 ; not must. ; pro. to Ist lieut. Co. C Nov. 2, '04 ; vet. 
 John H. Brower, East Vincent; pro. from corp, Co. F Jan. 1, 1805; pro. to 1st 
 
 lieut. and qrmr. May 1, 1865 ; must. July 10, 1805, to rank from June 7 
 
 1865 ; veteran. * 
 
 David R. Cochran, Media; pro. from sergt. Co. G July 19, 1866; mnst. out with 
 
 regt. at Weldon, N. C, Aug. 28, 1805; veteran. Diedat homo, Delaware Co ' 
 
 Pa., Oct. 26, 1869. 
 
 Commissary-Seryeanis. 
 Thomas McKay, West Chester; pro. from sergt. Co. A Oct. 29, 1861 ; must, out 
 
 Aug. 30, 1804, before Petersburg, Va., at expiration of term. 
 Dallas Crow, Sadsbury ville ; pro. from sergt. Co. B Sept. 1, 1864; pro. to 1st 
 
 lieut. Co. B Deo. 1, 1804 ; must. March 21, 1866, to rank from March 1, 1866 ; 
 
 veteran. 
 Washington W. James, Edgmont, Delaware Co. ; pro. from corp. Co. G April 1 
 
 1865: pro. to capt. Co. G May 1, 1865; must. July 10, 1865, to rank from' 
 
 May 26, 1805 ; veteran. 
 
ROSTEE OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 CiUob Morcpr, Coatesville; pro. from sorgt. Co. F July 19, 1865; muBt. out with 
 regt. at Woldon, N. C, Aug. 28, 18C5 ; veteran. 
 
 HoapUal-Sletoards, 
 Harmon Reed. West Chester; pro. from priv. Co. H Oct. 29, 18G1 ; disch. on surg. 
 
 cert, at Hilton Head, S. 0., Sept. :% 1802. 
 Iteulen H. Smith, Media; must, iu Sept. 30, 1861 ; pro. from Ist aergt. Co. Q 
 
 Sept. 14, 1862; diech, on surg. cert. March 27, 18G3. 
 John Y. McCarter, Upper Oxford; pro. from oorp. Co. C April 1,1863; must, out 
 
 before Petei-sburg, Va., Sept. 17, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Madison Lovett, Lancaster County; must, in March 15,1861; pro. from corp. 
 
 Co. A Sept. 18, 1864; must, out with regt. Aug. 28, 1865; veteran. 
 
 rrindpal Mudcimis. 
 Milton S. Taylor. West Chester; must, in Oct. 9, 1861 ; pro. from priv. Co. H 
 
 Sept. 18, 1864; must, out with regt. Aug. 28, 1805; veteran. 
 John Weber, 0.xford; must, in March 15, 1864; pro. from corp. Co. F May 20, 
 
 1865; must, out with regt. Aug, 28, 1865; veteran. 
 C. C. Fahuestuck, Jr., Paoli ; must, in Nov. 15, 18G1 ; pro. from mus, Co. K Jan. 
 
 16, 1862; disch. by G. 0, Oct. 13, 1802. 
 James St. John, Sr., Philadelphia ; must, in Oct. 29, 1801 ; disch. G. 0. Aug. 13, 
 
 1862; re-enl. in Co. D Nov. 26, 1862; pro. to prin. mus. May 1, 1863; disch. 
 
 on surg. cert. Sept. 17, 1864. 
 James J. Wilson, must, in Sept. 11, 1801 ; pro. from mus. Co. C June 28, 1864; 
 
 disch, Sept. 10, 1804, expii-ation of term. 
 John Parsons, Jr., Media; must, in Feb. 29, 1804; pro. from mus. Co. T March 
 
 1, 1804; died at Fortress Monroe, August 25th, of wounds received May 18, 
 
 1864; buried May S5, 1804, at Hampton, Va.; veteran. 
 Begimental Band. 
 John H. Taylor, leader. West Chester ; pro. from private Co. H Oct. 24, 1801. 
 Georgo Ellenger, leader, Lancaster, 
 
 Sanmel Bookman, Lancaster County; pro, from private Co, H Oct, 24, 1861, 
 Francis T, Brubaker, Lancaster County; pro, from private Co, H Oct, 24, 1861. 
 William Balling, West Chester; pro, from private Co, U Oct, 21, 1861, 
 Austin M. Fithian, West Chester; pro, from private Co, H Oct, 24, 1801. 
 Payne A. Gould, West Chester ; pro, from private Co. H Nov, 9, 1801 , 
 William C. Hemphill, West Chester; pro, from private Co, H Oct, '24, ISOl. 
 John L, Hosmer, Delaware County; pro. from private Co. H Oct. 24, 1861. 
 John M. Kay, Chandlervillo ; pro, from mus, Co, A Oct, 24, 1861, 
 Bichard M, Lovell, Chaudlerville; pro, from private Co, H Oct. 24, 1861, 
 George W, Myers, Lancaster County ; pro, from private Co, H Oct, 24, 1861. 
 Amos McFalls, Loncjister County ; pro, from private Co. H Oct, 24, 1801. 
 Bernard Boecker, West Chester; pro. from private Co. H Oct. 24, 1861. 
 Bernard Reed, West Chester; pro. from private Co. U Oct. 24, 1861. 
 Christian Koecker, West Chester; pro, from private Co, H Oct, 24, 1801, 
 Hiram Slienk, Laiiciuster County ; pro, from private Co, H Oct. 24, 1 861. 
 John Stube, Lancaster County; pro. from private Co. H Oct. 24, 1861. 
 Willie S. St. John, Philadelphia; re-enl. as drummer in Co. A. 
 Gabriel Spence, Lancaster County ; captured June 16, 180i ; disch. Oct. 14, 1862. 
 Hariison Taylor, West Chester; re-enl. as drummer in 180th Regt. 
 William H, H, Taylor, Delaware County. 
 
 Thomas H. Windle, Coatesville ; must, in band Oct, 28, 1861 ; disch, on surg, 
 cert. M^y 20, 1862. 
 
 COMPANY A (GUSS FENCIBLES). 
 (Recruiting for the iirst company was commenced Aug. 2,1861, by Capt. Ga- 
 luslia Pennypacker, of West Cliestcr, where and in its immediate vicinity it was 
 raised. On August 17th sixty-three recruited men went into camp in a beautiful 
 grove, known as Everhart's Woods, the location having been tendered the com- 
 pany by its owner, Hon. William Everhait. The camp was named Camp Ever- 
 hart, in compliment to its owner. The name adopted by the company was the 
 Guss Fencibles, in honor of their late commander in tho National Guaids, and 
 Co. A, 9th Regiment, Col. Henry R. Gub».) 
 
 Capt. Galusha Pennypacker, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; pro. to maj. Oct. 7, 1861. 
 Capt. Francis M. Guss, must, in Oct. 15, 1861 ; pro. to capt. Oct. 15, 1801 ; wounded 
 
 at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May IS, 1804; disch. on sorgt. cert. Oct. 3, 1864. 
 Capt. William Martin, must, in Aug. 22, 1861; pro. to 2d lieut. Oct. 4, 1864; 
 
 to let lieut. Dec. 1, 1864; to capt. Jan. 1, 1865; to maj. March 11, 1805; vet. 
 Capt. Lewii E. Hampton, must, in Aug. 22,JSG1; pro. to capt. Feb. 28, 1805; 
 
 res. May 11, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Ut Lieut L. Y. Evans, must, in Aug. 21, 1801 ; pro. to capt. Co. G May 1, 1802. 
 Iht Lieut. William Peace, must, in Aug. 22, 1801; pro. from 2d lieut. May 1, 
 
 1862; disch. Feb. 18, 1864. 
 Ist Lieut. Abel Grifflth, must, in Aug. 22, 18C1; pro. from 1st sergt. April 1, 
 
 1804; disch. September Uth, for wounds received at Bermuda Hundred, 
 
 Va., May 18, 18G4; veteran. 
 Ist Lieut. Robert L. Black, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; wounded at John a Island, 
 
 S , June 7, 1802, and at Fort Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, 1805 ; pro. to 1st lieut. 
 
 March 15, 1805; com. capt. June 15, 1865; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 
 
 18B5; veteran. ,. „ i 
 
 2d Lieut. Thomas E. Weber, must, in Aug. 22, 1801 ; pro. from Ist sorgt. May 1, 
 
 1802 ; wounded at James Island, S. C, June 9, 18C2 ; trauB- to U. S. Signal 
 
 Corps Jan. 30, 1864. _. ^ ,. ,a 
 
 2d Lieut. Isaac J. Burton, must, in Aug. 22, 1801 ; pro. from sergt. March 29, 
 
 1804' disch. Oct. 3, 1864, expiration of term. 
 2d Lieut.' Frank C. Henry, must, in Aug. 22, 1861; pro. from 1st sergt. May 26, 
 
 1805; com. 1st lieut. May 26, 18C5 ; not must, ; must, ont with comp- Aug. 
 
 28,1805; veteran. 
 
 1st Sergt. Joseph Phillips, must, in Aug. 30, 1801 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., 
 
 July 17, 1864 ; pro. from sorgt. July 19, 1806 ; must, out with company Aug. 
 
 28, 1805; veteran. 
 Ist Sergt. Henry T. Gray, must, in March 10, 1802; com, Ist lieut, Dec, 4, 1864; 
 
 not must, ; disch. May 9, 1865, at expiration of term, 
 Sergt, James P. Smodley, must, in Aug, 30, 1801 ; munt, out with comp. Aug. 
 
 28, 1805 ; veteran, 
 Sergt, A, Gibson, must, in Oct, 17, 1802; must, out with company Aug, 28,1865, 
 Sergt, Jeptha Clark, must, in Ang, 22, 1801 ; pro, to corp, Feb. 1, 1865; to sergt. 
 
 May 1, 1805 ; must, out with company Aug.. 28, 1805; veteran. 
 Sergt. John Harman, must, in Oct. 22, 1804 ; pro from corp. July 19, 1865; must. 
 
 out with company Aug. 28, 1805 ; was substitute. 
 Sorgt. Jervis J. Rudolph, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hun- 
 dred, Va., May 18, 1864; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Sergt. Wm. L. Morris, must, in Ang. 12,1861; wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 
 
 15, 1864 ; disch. Aug. 25, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Sergt. Thomas McCay, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; pro. to com. -sergt. Oct. 31, 1861. 
 Sergt, B, F, Stackliouse, must, in Aug, 22, 1861 ; died Aug, 19th of wounds re- 
 ceived at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, 1864; veteran. 
 Corp. John T. Carpenter, must, in May 10, 1804; pro. to corp. July 19, 1865; 
 
 must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Corp. Richardson Taylor, must, in Aug. 22, l^Ol ; pro. to Corp. Aug. 18, 1805 ; 
 
 nuist. out with company Aug. 28, 1865; veteran. 
 Corp. R. E. Welsh, must, in Aug. 22, 1801; disch. Aug. 25, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 Corp. Jacob Daubnmn, must, in Aug. 22, 1861; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, 
 
 Va., May 20, 1864; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Coi"p. A. B. Peace, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 Corp. H. L. Pyott, must, in Aug. 22, 1801 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 Corp. Nathaniel K. Cowan, mnst. in Aug. 3D, 1801 ; disch. Nov. 3, 1864, for 
 
 wounds received at Petersbutjr, Va., July 10, 1864. 
 Corp. Madison Lovett, nnist. in Aug. 22, 1861 ; wounded July 16, 1864 ; pro. to 
 
 hospital-steward Sept. 18, 1804 ; veteran. 
 Corp. John T. Taylor, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; killed near Petersburg, Va., 
 
 July 31, 1864. 
 Corp. George Ellara, must, in Ang. 22, 1801 ; captured Sept. 29, 1804 ; disch. by 
 
 G. 0. July 27, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Mus. E. K. Eisenbeis, must, in Aug. 22, '61 ; disch. Aug. 22, '04, at exp. of term. 
 Musician Willie S. St. John, must, in Sept. 3, 1862; disch. Aug. 22, 1864. 
 Mus. John McKay, must, iu Sept. 16, ISOl ; trans, to regt. band Oct. 24, 1861. 
 
 Privatee. 
 
 William Anderson, must, in Sept. 17, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 11, 1865. 
 Henry Albright, nrast. iu Sept. 23, 1862; died May 19, 1804; buried in Poplar 
 
 Grove National Cemetery, Petersburg, Va., rliv. D, sec. H, grave 115. 
 James Brady, must, in Feb. 13, 1805 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 John Brubaker, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. March 4, 1863. 
 Joseph G. Brewer, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Apiil 18, 1802. 
 J. H. Bavington, must, in Aug. 22, ISOl ; died atFernandina, Kla., April 10, 1804. 
 John Burton, must, in Jan. 10, 1805; disch. by G. 0. Ang. 22, 1865. 
 Isaac P. Chandler, must, in Aug. 22, 1801; disch. Aug. 22, 1804, at exp. of term. 
 Geo W. Ciiss, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of tei m. 
 James Y. Clark, must, in Aug. 22, 1801; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 A M. Chandler, must, in Aug. 22, 1801 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1804, at exp. of tenn. 
 Lewis Cochran, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1S04, at exp, of term, 
 Julius C, Callin, mnst, in March 6, 1805 ; disch, by G. 0. May 23, 1865. 
 Wm. H. Clark, mnst. in Aug. 22, 1861; died July Slst of wouuds received at 
 
 Petersburg, Va., July ,10, 1864; veteran, 
 James Carpenter, must, in Jan, 26, 1865; not on muster-out roll, 
 John W Dowliu, must, in Aug, 22, 1801 ; disch, on surg, cert, April 10, 1804, 
 John Dampman, must, in Aug 22, 1801; prisoner from Aug, 16, 1861, to Feb. 
 
 1806 ; died March, 1865 ; veteran. 
 William Day, must, in Oct. 28, 1862; captured at Bermuda Hundred, Va. ; died 
 
 at AndersonviUe, Ga., Aug. 1, 1864, grave 4499 ; veteran. 
 James Evans, must, in Nov. 10, 1804 ; absent, sick, at n.uster out. 
 Robert Eisenbeis, must, in Sept. 23, 1802 : died at Poi.it Lookout, Md., May 24th, 
 
 of wouuds received at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1804. 
 John W. Ford, must, iu Ang. 22, 1801 ; nussii.g iu action Sept. 29, 1804 ; vet. 
 John A Gr„ff must, in March 24, 1805 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1805. 
 Joseph D. Given, must, in Ang. 22, 1801 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 13, 
 
 1804 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1804, at expiration of term. 
 William Given, must, in Aug. 22,1801; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1804 ; disch. Ang. 22, 1864, at expiratimi of term. 
 Isaiic W. Gray, must, in Aug. 30, 1801 ; wounded Aug. 20, 1864 ; disch. Aug. 30, 
 
 1804, at expiration of term. ,„ ,oro 
 
 John M. Grifflth, must, in Aug. 22, 1801 ; disch. on surg. cert May 10, 1802. 
 Ezra G. Goodwin, must, iu Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 9, 1863. 
 John Guest, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; killed in action July 4, 1864. 
 Geo. W, Hawkins, must, in Aug. 2i, 1801; disch. Aug ^A 1864 .tt exp. of erm 
 .T H Hollahand, must, in Aug. 22, 1801; disch. by order Sec. of War Nov^7 1.2. 
 Geo. E. Han,n.m, must, in Aug. 22, 1801 ; disch. Aug. 22 1804 at exp of term. 
 B H Humpton, m..st. iu Aug. 30, 1801 ; disch. Aug. 30, 1804, at exp. of tern,, 
 Samuel Hutton, must, in Aug, 22, 1801 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at e.xp^of tern. 
 J M. Haines, must, in Aug. 21, 1801 ; trans, to Bat. E, 3d U. S, Art, Nov, 10 '02 
 Henry Handwork, must, in Aug, 22, 1801; died at Point Lookout, Md., of 
 
 wound at Bermuda Hundred, Va,, May 18, 1804, 
 Joseph Hardcastle, mnst. in Aug. 22, 1801 ; died, date unknown, of wounds re- 
 ceived near Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 18, 1804. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Jacob B. James, must ia Aug. 22, 18GI ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 8, 1861. 
 Jeremiah King, must, in Aug. 22, 1861; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, atexp. of term. 
 Charles Kirk, must, in Aug. 22, 1861; disch, Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 Benjamin F. King, must, in Marcli 16, 1864 ; died at Fortress Monroe, June 4th, 
 
 of wounds received near Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 18, 1864 ; veteran. 
 J. Lawrence, must, in Aug. 22, 186L ; died at Edisto Island, S. C, May 17, 1862. 
 Alfred Lane. 
 
 G. P. Matthews, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 G. M. Minster, must, in Aug, 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp, of term. 
 Abner Minster, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug 22, 1864, at exp, of terra. 
 Joseph F. Maris, must, in Aug. 22, 1861; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 "William Mercer, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch, Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 John Mercer, must, in Aug, 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug, 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 T. J. Miller, niustTin Aug. 22, 1861 ; trans, to U. S. Sig. Corps Feb. 29, 1864. 
 John McDonald, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 31, 1864, at exp, of term. 
 Edward O'Neil, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. on snrg. cert. Nov. 15, 1862. 
 Bichard E. Pharaoh, must, in March 16, 1864; wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., 
 
 Aug. 16, 1864; absent in hospital at muster out. 
 I. M. Pawling, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 Jonathan Phillips, must, in Aug. 22, 1861; wounded May 18, 1864; disch. on 
 surg. cert, March 29, 1865. 
 
 George Pomeroy, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 
 Thos. C. Parsons; must, in Aug, 22, 1861 ; trans, to U. S. Sig, Corps Oct. 13, 1863, 
 
 Horace Passmore, must, in Aug. 22, 18G1 ; died at Fernandina, Fla,, Nov. 18, 1863. 
 
 Thomas Bingler, must, in Aug, 22, 1861; wounded May 18, 1864; absent in 
 hospital at muster out ; veteran. 
 
 Eph. L. Ross, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 
 Harry C. Eennard, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; wounded at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug. 
 16, 1864 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 
 J. P. Kobinson, must, iu Aug. 30, 1861.; disch. Aug. 30, 1&64, at exp. of term. 
 
 Augustus Ruhl, must, in Aug, 13, 1862 ; disch, on surg. cert, March 27, 1863. 
 
 Charles A. Stone, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 
 Edw. Shoemaker, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; diach Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term, 
 
 T. D. Smedley, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 30, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 
 ■William H. H. Starts, must, in Aug. 22, 1861; wounded May 14,1864; disch. 
 Aug. 22, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 
 Joseph E. Stott, must, iu Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 
 Sylvester Stott, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch, Aug 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 
 Jacob D. Strode, must, in Aug. 30, 1861; disch, Aug. 30, 1864, at exp, of term, 
 
 Jesse C. D. Stoops, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; killed at Bermuda Hundred May 18, 
 1864; buried in Nat. Gem., City Point, sec. A, div. 4, grave 77 ; veteran. 
 
 J. Steele, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; killed at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, '64 ; vet. 
 
 Jacob B. Talbot, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 25, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 
 H. P. Talley, must, in Aug. 22, 1*^61 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 
 David M. Taylor, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 
 Joseph L. Thomas, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. April 10, 1864. 
 
 G. W. Thompson, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; diach. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 
 L. Thompson, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch, Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 
 Caleb Townsend, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 11, 1862. 
 
 George L. Taggart, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; pro. to 2d sergt. July 1, 1863. 
 
 Jos. E. Valentine, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, at exp. of teim. 
 
 Benj. F. Whiting, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 15, 1862, 
 
 Jos. N. Wilkinson, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. April 19, 1862. 
 
 Joseph Winkler, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1864, on exp. of term. 
 
 Andrew K. Wright, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Huudred, Va., 
 May 20, 1864 ; disch'. Aug. 22, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 
 John S. Young, must, iu Sept. 22, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Jan. 1, 1865, 
 
 "Vernou Yarnall, must, in Aug. 22, 1861; killed near Petersburg, Va., July 13, 
 1864; buried iu National Cemetery, section 20, grave 18. 
 
 J. L. Yocum, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; died In Jacksonville, Fla., April 3, 1862. 
 Of the original number, five non-commissioned offlcera and seventeen x>rivates 
 
 re-enlisted as veterans at Fernandina, Fla. 
 
 COMPANY B (CHESTER COUNTY GRAYS). 
 (The organization of this company was commenced at Parkesburg, Chester Co., 
 on Aug. 15, 1866, by the consolidation of two companies, one known as the 
 Chester County Grays, of that plrtce, commanded by Capt. William B. McCoy, 
 and the other aa the Keystone Rifles, of Cochranville, commanded by Capt. 
 Robert L. McClollan. The men were mostly from the vicinity of those two 
 places. It received its arms from the Schuylkill arsenal, soon after being 
 umstered. 
 
 Of the original number of enlisted men, forty-three re-enlisted for the re- 
 mainder of the war, as veterans, at Fernandina, Fla ) 
 Capt. William B. McCoy, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; resigned June 18, 1863. 
 Capt. Jonas M. 0. Savage, must, in Aug. 30, 1801 ; pro. from lieut, July 1, 1863 ; 
 
 disch. Oct. 22d for wounds reed, at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1864. 
 Capt. Dallas Crow, must, in March 15, 1864; pro. from com.-sergt. to Ist lieut. 
 
 March 4, 1865 ; to capt, April 4, 1865 ; must, out with com. Aug. 28, 1865 ; vet. 
 1st Lieut. James T. Skiles, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to 2d lieut. 
 
 May 27, 1863; wounded at Petersburg, Va., June 16, 1864; disch. Nov. 5th, 
 
 to date Aug. 30, 18G4. 
 Ist Lieut. David S. Harry, must, in March 15, 1864 ; wounded at Fort Fisher, 
 
 N. C, June 15, 1866 ; pro. from Ist sergt. April 5, 1865 ; must, out with comp. 
 
 Aug, 28, 1865; veteran. 
 2d Lieut. James Hughes, must, in Aug, 30, 1861 ; resigned May 1, 1862. 
 2d Lieut. John Armstrong, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. May 13, 
 
 1862 ; resigned Nov. 18, 1862. 
 
 2d Lieut. J, Lowry. must, in Aug. 13, 1861 ; pro. from Ist sergt, Feb. 27, 1864 ; 
 
 wounded at Petersburg, Va,, July 30, 1861 ; disch. March 18, 1865 ; vet. 
 2d Lieut. John B. Griffith, must, in Aug. 30, 1861; wounded at Petersburg, 
 
 Va,, Sept. 11, 1864 ; pro. from 1st sergt. May 26, 1865 ; must, out with com- 
 pany Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 1st Sergt. Andrew M. Strickland, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. Aug, 
 
 1, 1865; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. J, Haiijes, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, '65 ; vet. 
 Sergt. Gerhard Keeder, must, in Aug. 30, 1861; wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., 
 
 Aug. 16, '64; pro. from corp, July 19,'65 ; must, out with co. Aug. 28, '65; vet. 
 Sergt. H. Highet, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 : wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 
 
 1864 ; ppisouer from Aug. 16 to Dec. 24, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 
 
 28, 1865 f veteran. 
 Sergt. Taylpr Archer, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; pro. from corp. Aug. 1, 1865 ; must. 
 
 out with company Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. N. P, Boyer, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 26, 1862. 
 Sergt. H. M. Hutton, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 4, 1862. 
 Henry Kendig, Jr., must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 9, 1863, 
 Sergt. W. A. Nichols, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 30, '64, ex. of term. 
 Sergt. Wm. A. Deisem, must, in Sept. 16, 18GI ; wounded at John's Island, S. C, 
 
 June 7, 1862; disch. Sept, 16, 1864, expiration of tei-m. 
 Sergt. M, Happersett, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 11, 1864, ex. of term. 
 Sergt. J. M. Jackson, must, in Aug. 30, 1861; wounded Feb. 22 .and June 6, 
 
 1864 ; disch. on surg. cert. July 16, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. D, H. Birney, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; wounded at James Island, S. C, 
 
 •June 10, 1862 ; disch. at Hilton Head Oct. 30, 1863. 
 Sergt. Elidha Middleton,must. in Aug. 30, 1861 ; diod at Hilton Head, S. C, Not. 
 
 4, 1862 ; burial record Nov. 4, 1863. 
 Sergt. Snmnel McCIuskey, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; wounded at Darbytown 
 
 rond, Va., Oct. 27, 1864 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. J, W. Lilley, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, '65 ; 
 
 veteran. 
 Corp. George McNelly, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; wounded at James Island, S. C, 
 
 June 10, 1862 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp, Wm. T. Cooling, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Ang. 28, 
 
 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Robert B. Wallace, must, in Aug. 30, 1861; prisoner from Aug. 16 to 
 
 Oct. 7, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Johu C. Taggart, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 
 
 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Edward F. Johnson, mnst. in Feb. 23, 1865 ; substitute ; pro. to corp. July 
 
 19, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Corp. And. J. Graham, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. April 19, '62. 
 Corp. John De Laugh, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; diidhonorably disch. May 26, 1862. 
 Corp. John T. Boughter, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., 
 
 July 30, 1864 ; disch. Aug. 30, 1864, expiration of term. 
 Corp. Miles S. Strickland, must, iu Aug. 30, 1861 ; killed near Petersburg, Va,, 
 
 July 4,1864; veteran. 
 Corp. R. Ferguson, must, in Aug. 30, '61 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, May 18, *62. 
 Corp. Joseph Stott, must, in Aug. 30, 1861; died at Fortress Monroe, Va., Aug. 
 
 11, 1864; veteran. 
 Corp. John P. Rock, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; missing in action at Chapin's 
 
 Farm, Va., Sept. 29, 1864; veteran. 
 Mus. Wm. Assay, must, in Feb. 2, 1863 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Mus. Benj. K. Hutton, must, in Aug. 30, laei ; disch. on surg. cert. May 26, '62. 
 Mus. Wm. J. Irwin, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 30, 1864, ex, of term. 
 
 Frivatea. 
 
 Wm. Ammon, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 27, 1863 ; burial 
 
 record, died at Hilton Head, S. C, June 24, 1863. 
 Joshua Bentley, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Jan. 10, 1862. 
 Wm. M. Best, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Nov. 19, 1862, 
 B. Cosgrove, nmst. in Aug. 30, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, '65 ; vet. 
 John Clark, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; woumled at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 
 
 20, 1864 : must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Amos N. Chairaut, must in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. April 10, 1864. 
 Charles S, Coates, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; prisoner from Aug. 16 to Sept. 20, 
 
 1864 ; disch. Nov. 21, to date fi-om Aug. 30, 1864, expiration of term. 
 K. H. Drummonds, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; wounded at Darbytown road, 
 
 Va., Oct. 27, 1864; absent in hospital at muster out. 
 George Doubts, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 
 
 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Hiram Detterline, must in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. by G, 0, July 19, 1865, 
 Samuel J. Day, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; wounded June 10, 1862, and June 27, 
 
 1864 ; disch. Aug. 30, 1864, expiration of term. 
 Henry Dunn, must in Sept. 24, '61 ; killed at James Island, S. C, June 10, '62. 
 R M. Dorland, must, iu Aug. 30,1861; died at Fortress Monroe Nov. 2, '64; 
 
 veteran. 
 James English, must in Aug. 30, 1861; wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 30 
 
 1864 ; absent, sick, at muster out; veteran. 
 Joseph H. Emmerson, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 30, 1864, ex. of term. 
 Jesse Edwards, must, in Ang. 30, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 30,1864, ex. of term. 
 Benj. English, must iu Aug. 30, 1861; disch. May 31, for wounds received at 
 
 Fort Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Edmund Esrey, must in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. April 1, for wounds with loss of 
 
 arm, received at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1864 ; veteran. 
 William Ferris, must, in Nov. 13, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert May 10, 1863. 
 
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 xr 
 
 Samuel P. Galloway, must, in Aug. 30, 1801 ; disch. on snrg. cert. Deo. 26, 18(52. 
 
 Samuel J. Gairess, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 j killed near Petoralmrg, Va., June 
 
 27, 1864 J buried in Nat. Ceni., Poplar Grove, Va., div.'P, sec. B, grave 8 ; vet. 
 
 Daniel Gracy, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; captured ; died at Salisliury, N. C, Dec. 
 
 IS, 1804 ; burial record Dec. 30, 1864.; veteran. 
 Albert Harkins, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. on enrg. cert. Feb. 2, 18B3. 
 Wm. H. Hapten, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 30, 1864, ex. of term. 
 K. W. Humphrey, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1864 ; disch. Aug. 30, 1864, expiration of term. 
 Nathan Howe, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 10, 1862. 
 George G. Hardy, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; died at rernandina, :B'la., Oct. 12, '63. 
 Joseph Johnston, must, in Aug. 80, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 30, 1864, ex. of term. 
 Henry Kerr, must, iu Sept. U, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 
 
 20, 1864; disch. Sept. 11, 1864, expiration of term. 
 James Keenan, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Oct. 8, 1863. 
 Abraham Keudig, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; died at Hampton, Va., June 4, 
 
 of wouuds received near Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 18, 1864: veteran. 
 Benjamin Linton, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 
 
 30, 1864 ; absent, sick, at muster out; veteran. 
 r. D. Lamping, must, in Aug. 30, '61 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, '65; vet. 
 Henry A. Lamping, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; wounded Feb. 22, 1864; must, out 
 
 with company Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Alfred N. Leanian, must, iu Aug. 30, 1861; wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 
 
 16, 1864; absent iu hospital at muster out; veteran. 
 William Large, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. July 29, 1862. 
 Jacob D. Lemley, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 14, 1864, ex. of term. 
 J. H. Moore, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, '65 ; vet. 
 S. Miles, must, iu Aug. 30, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1866 ; veteran. 
 Henry W. Martin, must, in Ang. 30, 1861 ; wounded at .lames Islaud, S. C, 
 
 June 10, 1862 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Charles B. Mnsgrove, must, in Aug. 30, 1861; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, 
 
 Va., June 20, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 19, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Henry W. Moure, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 9, 1864, ex. of term. 
 Hugh D. MewB, must, in Aug. 30, '61 ; died at Morris Island, S. C, Sept. 11, '63. 
 Jonathan Meudenliall, must, in Aug. 30, '61 ; died at Philadelphia, Pa., July 21, 
 of wounds received at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1864 ; burial record 
 July 29th ; veteran. 
 Bobert Mertou, must, iu Sept. 23, 1863; prisoner from May 16, 1864, to July 16, 
 
 1866; disch. Nov. 18, 1865. 
 Henry Melius, must, iu Aug. 30, 1861. 
 
 Joseph D. McGinness, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 8, 1861. 
 David McClure, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 9, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Geo. McKarlaud, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 9, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Teamster James McKulty, must, iu Aug. 30, 1861 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C; 
 
 burial record Oct. 31, 1862. 
 John McGraw, must, iu Aug. 30, 1861. 
 Bobt. B. Pindell, must, iu Aug. 30, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865 ; 
 
 veteran. 
 Beni. V. Kussell, mnst. in Aug. 30, 1861 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 17, 
 
 lfc04 ; must, out with company Ang. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 John C. Kiley, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; absent, sick, at muster out ; veteran. 
 Samuel Eichardson, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. ou surg. cert. Nov. 11, 1802. 
 Wm. S. Eenshaw, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. ou surg. cert. Aug. 27, 1863 ; 
 
 died at Beaufort, S. C, Sept. 7, 1863. 
 Albert J. Bees, must, in Aug. 30, 1861; disch. Aug. 30, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Jas. Bay, must, in April 16, 1864; died Aug. 27 of wouuds received May 18, '04. 
 Thomas Sloyer, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 9, 1803. 
 Joseph Sweney, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 10, 1803. 
 George G. Supplee, must, iu Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 11, 1864, exp. of term. 
 David Sullivan, must, in Aug. 30, 1861; trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps, June 1, 1863. 
 Wesley Vance, must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. March 16, 1S63. 
 Geo. W. Wonderly, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. July 28 for wounds, with loss 
 
 of arm, received at James Island, S. C, June 10, 1862. 
 Tbeo. A. Worrall, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 30, 1864, exp. of term. 
 William H. Wilson, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; died at St. Helena Islaud, S. 0.,NoT. 
 
 COMPANT C (PAOLI GUARDS). 
 (This company was recruited by Isai-ih Price, of West Chester, second son of 
 Benjamin and Jane Price, of East Bradford township, prominent and consistent 
 members of the Society of Friends. Its recruits came from the viciuity of War- 
 ren Tavern po8t^)ffice. Flat Rock school-house, and various other locahties in 
 Chester Valley ; Leopard Inn, in Willistown township ; Chatham, New London, 
 Oxford, and other places in the county. The militia name adopted by the com- 
 pany was the Pool! Guards, iu compliment t« the first list of recruits to join tlie 
 company from that historic locality. Of its original number, three non-com- 
 missioned officers and seven privates re-enlisted as veterans at Fernandina, Fla.) 
 Capt. Isaiah Price, must, in Sept. 18, 1861; com. major April 3, 1864; not must.; 
 wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1864 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, ex- 
 piration of term. ^ ^ i i. 
 Capt Leonard B. Thomas, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; pro. from qrmr.-sergt. to 1st 
 lient. Dec. 1, 1864 ; to brev. capt. March 13, 1865 ; to capt. March 15, 1865 ; 
 wounded at Fort Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, 1805 ; com. major June 1, 1865 ; not 
 must. ; must, out with f ompany Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Ist Lieut. H. W. Carmthers, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; pro. to adjt. Oct. 21, 1861 ; 
 
 pro. to capt. April 3, 1864. 
 1st Lieut. Emmor G. GrilBth, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; pro. to 1st lieut. Not. 6, 
 J861 ; res. April 30, 1862. 
 
 Ist Lieut. Francis I. Eachus, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; pro. to Ist lieut. April 30, 
 
 1862 ; discli. Oct. 31, 1864, expiration of term. 
 1st Lieut. Geo. W. Abel, must, in Sept. 11, 1861; pro. to Ist lient. Feb. 1, 1865; 
 com. capt. June 1, 1865 ; not must. ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865 ; 
 veteran. 
 2d Lieut. William Gardner, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; died on transport " Boston," 
 
 in Warsaw Sound, Ga., Feb. 19, 1862. 
 2d Lieut. Isaac Sraedley, must, in Sept. 11, 1801 ; pro. to 2d lieut. from 1st sergt. 
 
 Feb. 19, 1862 ; disch. on surg. cert. March 9, 1863. 
 2d Lieut. H. KaufTman, Jr., must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. July 1, 1803 ; 
 
 resigned Sept. 26, 1864. 
 2d Lieut. Charles Warren, must, in Sept. 11,1861; wounded at Fort Fisher, 
 N. C, Jan. 16, 1805 ; pro. from Ist sergt. May 20, 1805 ; com. Ist lieut. Juno 
 1, 1866 ; not must. ; mnst. out with company Aug. 28, 1866 ; veteran. 
 1st Sergt. Cyrus B. Showalter, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; wounded at Fort Fisher, 
 N. C, Jan. 16, 1865 ; pro. from sergt. July, 1865 ; com. 2d lieut. June 1, 1865 ; 
 not must. ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 1st Sergt. John D. Beaver, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, expira- 
 tion of term. 
 Sergt. Cyrus M. Davis, must, in Sept. 17, 1861 ; wounded at Petersburg July 
 SO, 1804 ; pro. from Corp. July 26, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 
 1865; veteran. 
 Sergt. Stephen H. Eachus, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, expira- 
 tion of term. 
 Sergt. Isaac A. Cleaver, must, in Sept. 11,1861; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, 
 
 Va., May 20, 1864; disch. Sept. 17, 1804, expiration of term. 
 Sergt. B. Lundy Kent, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; wounded July 15, 1864 ; disch. 
 
 for pro. iu U. S. colored troops April 17, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. Ricliard B. Muore, must, iu Sept. 11, 1861 ; wouuded at Bermuda Hun- 
 dred, Va., May 20, 1864 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1804, expiration of term. 
 Sergt. G. S. Hambletou, nmst. in Sept. 11, 1861 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Jan. 
 
 31, 1862. 
 Sergt. Joi>eph B. Acker, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; killed at Foster's Place, Ber- 
 muda Hundred, Va., May 18, 1864. 
 Sergt. Bobert B. Wilson, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; died at Hampton, Va., May 25, 
 
 of wounds received May 18, 1864. 
 Sergt. M. Davis Thomas, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; died at Hampton, Va., May 24, 
 
 of wounds received May 18, 1804. 
 Corp. John Latch, must, in Sept. 11, 1861; pro. to corp. July 1, 1865; must. 
 
 out with company Aug. 28, 1805 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Henry H. Stiteler, must, in Sept. 10, 1861 ; wounded Ang. 29, 1804 ; pro. 
 
 to Corp. July 1. 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Davis O. Taylor, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; trans, to Battery, 3d Regt. U. S. 
 
 Art., Jan. 18, 1863. 
 Corp. Jesse D. Farra, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 18, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Corp. John K. Miller, must, in Sept. 11, 1801 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Corp. Levis T. Beitler, must, in Sept. 21, 1801 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, 
 
 Va. ; disch. Sept. 17, 1804 ; expiiation of term. 
 Corp. Maris Pierce, must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 21, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Corp. Robert Holmes, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 28,1863. 
 Coi-p. Samuel W. Hawley, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; pro. to sergt.-maj. June 6, '02. 
 Corp. Joseph M. Lewis, must, in Sept. 10, 1801 ; died on transport " Marion" 
 
 March 1, 1862. 
 Corp. Hibbard Aitkin, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; died at West Chester, Pa., July 
 
 16, 1862. 
 Corp. C. B. Hamldeton, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, 
 
 Va., May 20, 1804 ; disch. Sept. 2, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Corp. James J. Deweos, must, in Sept. 11, 1861; wounded June 6, and Aug. 16, 
 
 1864 ; disch. Sept. 18, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 MuB. James J. Wilson, must, in Sept. 11, 1861; wounded- June 27, 1864 ; pro. to 
 
 principal mus. June 28, 1864. 
 Mus. Taylor W. Harper, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 8, '61. 
 Mus. William Pound, must, in Sept. 23, 1861; wonnded at Bermuda Hundred, 
 Va., May 24, 1864; disch. Sept. 22, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Pt-ivateB, 
 Joseph Abel, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 17, '04, at expiration of term. 
 William Agg, must, in Sept. 18, 1801 ; wounded May 20, and Aug. 29, '64 ; disch. 
 
 March 20, 1866, at expiration of term. 
 Joseph Bence, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; trans, to Bat. B, 3d U. S. Art., June 18, '63. 
 Alexander Beck, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; trans, to U. S. Signal Corps, Jan. 30, '64. 
 Lewis B. Coulter, mnst. in Feb. 20, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Wm J. Creswell, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 2>, 1862. 
 Wm. Clark, must, in Sept. 21, 1801 ; trans, to Bat. E, 3d V. S. Art., Jan. 18, 1863. 
 David B Catren, must, in Sept. 11, 1861; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 1, 1863. 
 Channel, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 A Coburn, must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 20, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Wm Clark, must, in Aug. 9, 1862; disch. by G. 0. June 29, 1865. 
 Cliuton Cole, must, in Jan. 2.5, 1806; disch. on surg. cert. July 16, 1865. 
 John Dean, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 1, 1863. 
 Nicholas Durnin, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 27, 
 
 1864- buried in National Cemetery, City Point, sec. D, div. 4, grave 38. 
 Franklin Epright, must, in Sept. II, 1801; disch. Sept. 17, 1804, at expiration 
 
 B GrifBtirmust. in Sept. 16, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 A Grimes must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 20, 1804, at expiration of term. 
 Elias 0. Griflith, must, in Nov. 13, 1861 ; wounded at Deep Bottom. Va., Aug. 16, 
 1864; disch. Jan. 11, 1866, for U. S. Hosp. 
 
XVI 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Jos. Kugler, must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; discli, on surg, cert. Jan. 1, 1863. 
 
 D. H. Gunkle, must, in Sept. 11, '61 ; killed at Fort Wagner, S. C, Sept. 10, '63. 
 Euimor B. Hickman, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; discli. Sept. 17, 1864, at expiratiun 
 
 of term. 
 
 E. Hopkins, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; trans, to Bat. E, 3d U. S. Art., Jan. 18, '63. 
 Francis Hoffman, must, in Sept. 16, 1861; wounded Aug. 23, 1863; trans, to 
 
 Bat. E, 3d U. S. Art., June 2i, 1865; discb. Nov. 22, to date Aug. 20, 1865; 
 
 veteran. 
 Thomas Jeffries, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1864 ; diach. Sept. 18, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Alexander Keys, must, in Feb. 14, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 John Keys, must, in Feb. 14, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 "Wm, Kirkpatrick, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; discli. on surg. cert. Sept. 6, 1862. 
 Levi Keeley, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 9, 1863. 
 U. Davis Kitselman, must, iu Sept. 11, 1861; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, at expiration 
 
 of term. 
 J. L. Kitts, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 A.M. Kinnai'd, must, iu Sept. 11, 1861; diescb. Sept. 17, 1864, at expiration of 
 
 term. 
 C. J. Kiusey, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; died at Fernandina, Fla., Oct. 28, 1863. 
 M. E. Morris, must, in Sept. 17, 1861 ; disch, ou surg. cert. May 11, 1862. 
 Samuel A. March, must, in Sept 11, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May -0, 18G4 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, at expiriition. 
 W. Morgan, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864; 
 
 disch. Sept. IT, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 M. W. Montgomery, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, at expiration 
 
 of teim. 
 Norris P. Myers, must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; wounded June 15, 1864 ; disch. Sept. 20, 
 
 1864, at expiration of term. 
 E. Mendenhall, must, in Oct. 21, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va , May 
 
 20, 1804; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 H. McGinley, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Benj. McClellan, must, iu Jan. 28, 1865; trans, to Bat. E, 3J U. S. Art.; disch. 
 
 Nov. 22, to date Aug. 30, 1865. 
 Wesley McLane, must, iu Sept. 16, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 20, 1862. 
 Jacob Mcintosh, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; died at Beaufort, S. C, Oct. 28, 1863. 
 Wm. G. McLane, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; died at Beaufort, S. C., Nov. 8, 1863. 
 J. R. McKiuley, must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; died on transport '' Boston" Feb. 1, 'G2. 
 Isaac Paschall, must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; di^ch. on surg. cert. July 26, 1863. 
 James Press, must, iu Sept. 11, 1861 ; died at Morris Island, S. C, Aug. 6, 1863. 
 Lewis G. Pierce, mitst. in Sept. 18, 1861 ; died at James Island, S. C., July 2, '02. 
 Ambrose Quay, must, iu Sept. 16, 1861; wounded May 20, and Sept. 5, 1864; 
 
 disch. Nov. 7, 1864, at expiiulion of terra. 
 David N. Ruth, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Nov. 22, 1862. 
 Wm. Shingle, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; disch. on habeas corpus Nov. 5, 1861. 
 J. J. Still, must, in Sept. U, 1861; wounded July 2, 1864; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, 
 
 at expiration of term. 
 Wm. H. Speukman, must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 
 
 30, 1864 ; disch. Sept. 20, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Edward R. Showalter, must, in Sept. 17, 1861 ; disch. ou surg. cert. Aug, 27, 1863 ; 
 
 died at Beaufort, S. C, Sept. 9, 1863. 
 Jos. A. Shaw, must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; killed at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 
 
 1864; buried in National Cemetery, City Point, sec. A, div. 4, grave 140. 
 Wm, D. TlioiJias, must, iu Sept. 11, 18GI ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1864; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 T. Thorubury, must, in Sept. 10, '61 ; died at St. Helena Island, S. C, Aug. '62. 
 L. Thornbury, must, in Sept. 21, 1801; died at Fortress Monroe, Va., of wounds 
 
 received, with loss of leg, at Petersburg, Va., July 25, 1864, 
 Philip Tolliver, must, iu Jan. 11, 1865. 
 
 B. Vickers, must, in Sept. 16, 1861; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, at expiration of term, 
 Joel W. Vanmeter, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg, cert. Dec. 16, 1863. 
 Chas, C. Worth, must. In Jan. 17, 1865.; must, out with company Aug. 'J8, 1865. 
 Heui-y Wilson, must, iu Jan. 28, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 12, 1865. 
 Charles Wagner, must, in Sept, 11, 1861 ; wounded July 27, 1864; disch. Sept. 17, 
 
 1864, at expiiatiou of term. 
 W. Whistler, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 H. B. Weidner, must, in Sept. 11, '61 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1804, at expiration of term. 
 H. Wellman, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 , disch. Sept. 17, 1864, at expiiation of term. 
 J. G. Willinms, must, in Sept. 18, '61 ; .disch. Sept. 17, '64, at expiratiou of term. 
 
 B. A. Wilson, must, iu Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 17, '64, at expiratiou of term. 
 Mahlon Wood, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 
 
 20, 1864 ; diach. Sept. 20, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Geo. W. Walton, must, iu Sept. 21, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 20, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 Samuel Woodward, must, in Sept. 21, 1861; disch. Sept.20, 1864, at exp, of term. 
 Ezekiel Walker, must, iu Sept. 17, 1861 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Aug. 21 , '62. 
 
 C. K. Wentz, must, in Si-pt, 17, 1861 ; died at Morris Island, S. C, Sept. 18, 1863. 
 Joseph Wetherell, must iu March 10, 1862; killed at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1804 ; bulled in Nat. Gem., City Point, sec. F, div, 1, grave 152. 
 
 COMPANY D {CONCOBDVILLE RIFLES). 
 
 {This company was recruited in Delaware County by Capt William S. Men- 
 denhall, of Chads' Ford, of that county. He was descended from a family of 
 English Quakers, who emigrated to America during the persecutions of that 
 people in England and settled in Concord township (then a part of Chester 
 County), contemporary with the William Penn settlers in Pennsylvania. About 
 Dec. 1, 1863, lifty menof Co. D re-enlisted, at Fernandina, Fla., asveteraus. We 
 give subjoiued tho names of those only who went from Chester County.) 
 
 Capt Isaac B. Taylor, first entered service as private in Co. A, 9th P. V,, April 
 21 , 1861, for three months ; must in Sept 20, 1801, for three years ; appointed 
 5th sergt. ; pro. to 4th sergt July 30, 1863 ; veteiau ; remust March 15, 1864, 
 to date Dec. 1, 1863 ; wounded in action at Foster's Place, Bermuda Hundred, 
 Va., May 18, 1804; pro. to Htsorgt, to rank from June 1, 1864; appointed to 
 2d lieut Sept. 6, 1864, to rank from June 1, 1864 ; pro, to 1st lieut December, 
 1864; again wounded in jujtion at Fort Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15,1865; pro, to 
 capt Feb. 15, 1 865 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 
 Sergt, John E. Davis, must in Sept. 9, 1861 ; appointed 4th sergt. Sept 20, 1861 ; 
 pro. to 3d sergt. July 30, 1863 ; must out Sept 19th, at expiration of term ; re-' 
 entered service iu U, S. Marine Corps. 
 
 Sergt James A. Alien, must iu Sept, 6, 1861 ; must out with company Aug. 28, 
 1865 ; veteran. 
 
 Corp. Philip Gleane, must in Sept 11, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Oct 10, 1864; must 
 out with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 
 Privates. 
 Wm. H. Brown, munt in Sept 18, 1801 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Dec. 6, 1862. 
 E. Butlei', must in Sept 6, 1861 ; must out with comp. Aug. 28, '65 ; veteran. 
 S. J. Cloud, must iu Nov. 4, 1861; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, '65; veteran, 
 J. Crosson, must in Sept. 9, 1801 j must, out witli cump. Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 John B. Harry, must, in Nov. 13, 1801 ; disch. on surg. cert Jan. 8, 1862 
 G. W. Eavensou, must, in Sept 9, 1861; disch. Sept 19, 1864, atexp. of term. 
 Francis M. Frame, must, in Sept. 20, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 18, 1864; disch. Sejtt. 19, 1864, at expiratiou of term. 
 Enoch Hanuum, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; disch. on surg cert May 24, 1862. 
 H. Higgins, must, in Sept. 24, 1861; discli. Sept, 23, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 John E. Huey, must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; disch. ou surg. cert Dec. 10, 1802. 
 B. Hughes, must, in Sept. 6, 1801 ; disch. witii comp. Aug. 28, 1865. 
 George W. Miles, nmst in Sept. 9, 1861 ; veteran. 
 
 G. B. Moore, must in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert April 14, 1862. 
 John Pass, must, iu Sept. 6,1861 ; disch. with comp. Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Patterson Riley, nmst. in Sept. 20, 1861 ; wounded at Morris Island, S, G. ; died 
 
 Aug. 24, 1863, of diarrhoea. 
 Ezra B. Pyle, must iu Sept 16, 1861. 
 
 J. Russell, must in Sept 6, 1801; killed at Morris Island, S. C, Aug. 4, 1863. 
 J. Sharp, must, in Sept. 11, 1801 ; disch. Sept 19, 1864, at expii-ation of term. 
 Jacob B. Smith, must, in Sept. 6, 1861; wounded at Petersburg July 18,1864; 
 
 disch, ou surg. cert. July 10, 1805.; veteran. 
 T. M. Smith, must, iu Sept 9, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert, June 21, 1863. 
 W. Smith, must, in Sept 6, 1861 ; trans, to Bat. E, 3d U. S. Art., Nov. 17, 1862. 
 John H. Stuckey, must, in Sept. 6, 1801 ; wounded at Green Plains, Va., May 
 
 2U, '64 ; leg amputated ; died of wounds at Poiut Lookout May 24, '64 ; vet 
 Hugh Tenuey, must, iu Sept. 24, 1861 ; disch. with comp. Aug. 28, 1865 ; vet 
 
 COMPANY E (MULLIGAN GUARDS). 
 
 (This company was recruited in and about West Chester by William McCon- 
 nell, a naturalized citizen of the United States, born in Caven Co., Ireland, about 
 1827. He received an excellent education at a college in Londonderry, and 
 emigrated to this country with other members of his family about 1848, settled 
 in Philadelphia, and was engaged in a mercantile house as clerk and book- 
 keeper. He afterwards, about 1863, removed to West Chester, where he fol- 
 lowed the occupation of painting with diligence and success for several years 
 previous to the war. He became a member of the National Guard, and was a 
 thoroughly-drilled soldier. He received an appointment as a non-commissioned 
 officer iu the National Guards, and was noted for accuracy aud precision iu the 
 various movements of the drill, etc. The men he enlisted iu Co. E were chiefly 
 naturalized citizens of his native land, residents of Chester County, who es- 
 poused the cause of their adopted country in her conflict with treason. They 
 generally "made good soldiers, sturdy, reliable, eflficieut iu the field of battle and 
 in the arduous trench duty that became so largely the experience of the regi- 
 ment in the war. At Fernandina, Fla., in February, 1864, twenty-six of this 
 company re-enlisted as veterans.) 
 Capt William McConnell, must in Oct. 2, 1861 ; resigned April 28, 1864, owing 
 
 to failing health from exposure during the arduous duties in the Department 
 
 of the South. He died iu West Chester, Aug. 14, 1866, of hemorrhage of 
 
 the bowels, resulting from the effects of long prostration from chronic di- 
 arrhoea contracted in the service. 
 Capt. Samuel D. Smith, must, in Sept 9, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to Ist lieut 
 
 Dec. 10, 1864; to capt May 26, 1865; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va. 
 
 May 20, 1801 ; at Fort Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, 1865; must out with company 
 
 Aug. 28, 1865; veteran. 
 1st Lieut John H. Babb, must, in Sept 24, 1861 ; resigned April 26, 1862. 
 Ist Lieut. John McGmth, must in Oct 2, 1861 ; pro. from 2d lieut April 26 
 
 1862; disch. Nov. 10, 1864, at expiration of term of service. 
 Ist Lieut John C. Nicholson, must in Oct 2, 1861; wounded June 12, 1862; pro, 
 
 from sergt. May 26, 1865 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 2d Lieut. John McNamee, must in Sept. 9, 1861 ; pro. to 2d lieut April 26 1862 ■ 
 
 resigned May 9, 1863. 
 2d Lieut. James Mc Williams, must in Sept. 9, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt July 1 
 
 1863; wounded at Peteraburg, Va., July 30, 1864; disch. Nov. 15, 1864, at 
 
 expiration of term. 
 2d Lieut John Sullivan, must in Sept 9, 1861 ; prigoner from Aug. 16 to Dec. 
 
 24, 1864; pro. from 1st sergt May 26, 1865 ; must out with company Aug. 
 
 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Ist Sorgt. Daniel Sullivan, must, iu Sept 9, 1861 ; wounded at James Island, 
 
 S. C., June 10, 1862; must out with company Aug.i28, 1865; veteran. 
 
ROSTEK OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 Sergt. Michael Eusli, must, in Sept. 9, 1801 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 
 
 1865; veteran. 
 Sergt. James A. Riley, must, in Sept. 14, 1861; wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 
 
 30, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 18D5 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. John O'Brian, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; wounded Sept. 6, 1863 ; must, out 
 
 with company-Aug. 28, 1865; veteran. 
 Sergt. David Signett, must, in Sept. 30, 1851; pro. from private Aug. 1, 1806; 
 
 must, out witli company Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. Patrick Carter, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Sept. 13,1803. 
 Sergt. George L. Smith, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 28, for wounds re- 
 ceived at Bormiida Hundred, Va., May 20, 1864. 
 Sergt. Wm. H. Spicer, must, in Sept. 9, 1801 ; disch., date unknown, for wounds 
 
 received at Petersburg, Va., July 8, 1864. 
 Sergt. James Guuglilin, must, in Sept. 9, 1861; veteran. 
 Corp. PeterSteward, must, in Sept. 10, 1801; wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 27, 
 
 1804; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1806; veteran. 
 Corp. J. Butler, must, in Sept 9, 1801; must, out with comp. Aug. 29, '65 ; vet. 
 Corp. G. Jenkins, must, in Sept. 24, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 29, '65 ; vet. 
 Corp. ■Wm..GiIlen, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Aug. 1, 1805; must, out 
 
 witli comp. Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Jer. Hennessey, must, in Oct. 21, 1861 ; discli. Dec. 7, 1804, exp of term. 
 Corp. Wm. Eagan, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 30, 1804. 
 Corp. Thomas Forsythe, must, in Oct. 20, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 25, 1804. 
 Corp. Wm. Glanding, must, iu Sept. 9, 1801 ; wounded and captured at Bermuda 
 Hundred, Ya., May 20, '64 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 9, '64 ; grave 5172. 
 Corp. Thomas Cummins, must, in Oct 21, 1861 ; died at St. Helena Island, S. C, 
 
 July 29, 1863. 
 Corp. Edward Corcoran, must, in Sept. 21, 1861; killed at James Island, S. C, 
 
 June 10, 1862. 
 Corp. Francis Carter, must, in Nov. 23, 1861 ; prisoner ; paroled ; died at An- 
 napolis, Md., Dec. 30, 1 864 ; veteran. 
 Corp. B- McDermott, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 
 
 1864 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Joseph Little, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; wounded at James Island, S. C, June 
 
 10,1862; veteran. 
 Col p. James O'Day, must, in Sept. 23, 1861. 
 Corp. Cliarles Sharp, must, iu Dec. 26, 1861 ; disch. June 11, 1867, to date Feb. 16, 
 
 1866. 
 Mns. C. Eiley, Jr., must, in Oct. 2, '61 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, '05 ; vet. 
 Mus. Hugh O'Douuell, Jr., must, iu Oct. 2, 1801 ; died at Uiltou Head, S. C, Oct. 
 
 24, 1862. 
 Teamster Jonathan Pine, must, in Sept. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 2, '63. 
 
 Privates. 
 Eeese Artere, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. July 26, 1863. 
 Alex. Allen, must, in Sept. 20, 1861 ; veteran. 
 
 Matthew Brown, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 26, 1862. 
 William Burns, must, in Sept. 9, 1801 ; disch. Sept. 8, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Thomas Bell, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 21, 1864, expiration of term. 
 John Bennett, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 18, 1864, expiration of term. 
 William Crawford, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 10, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Domiuick Cummins, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 4, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Patrick Collins, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. April 10, 1804. 
 Carmac Carberry, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch. Sept, 26, 1804, exp. of term. 
 Martin Conner, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cei t. Oct. 20, 1862. 
 Thomas Correll, must, in Oct. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 27, 1803. 
 John Cosner, must, in Jan. 0, 1805 ; disch. by G. O. Aug. 14, 1865. 
 George Conway, must, iu Sept. 11, 1861 ; died at Hilt»m Head, S. C, May 18, '02. 
 John F. Conway, must, in Sept. 16, 1801 ; captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga., 
 
 June 30, 1864; veteran. 
 Ovel Chappie, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; died at Morris Island, S. C, Sept. 29, 1863. 
 Michael Dutilavy, must, iu Sept. 28, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 4, 1864, exp. of term. 
 James Dougherty, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 11, 1862. 
 Colom Duffee, must, in Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 2, 1804, expiration of term. 
 Peter Dougherty, must, in Oct. 3, 1861; disch on surg. cert. May 24, 1802. 
 Thomas DallM, must, in Oct. 10, 1861 j disch. on surg. cert. April 10, 1864. 
 Peter Davis, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Aug. 12, 1862. 
 'Francis Duffee, must, in Sept. 16, 1861. 
 
 John Ford, must, in Feb. 24, 1805 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865. 
 John Flanneo-, must, in Sept. 16, 1801; captured at Bermuda Hundred, Va.; 
 
 died at Andersonville, Ga,, Oct. 16, 1804 ; grave 11,026. 
 Kichard Finnessey, must, in Sept. 9, 1861, died «'/"'"' J^""";"'*"- "' 
 
 wounds, on June 14, received at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1804. 
 Patrick Grant, must, in Sept. 28, 1801; disch. Oct. 4, 1864, exp of term 
 Dennis Grant, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; wounded at Fort Fisher Jan. 16, 1866, 
 
 disch. by G. 0. June 29, 1865. 
 William Gibbons, must, in Sept. 9, 1861; killed on picket near Bermuda Hun 
 
 Georg: Gri:; mifst'S. H, 1801 ; died at Newborn, N. C, June 2 1865, of 
 wounds received at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, '04 ; buried in National 
 Cemetery, plot 1, grave 71; veteran. , „„„ lo 1869 
 
 Thomas Haney, must, in Sept. 10, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Nov 18, 1 86-. 
 
 Thomas Hall, must, in Oct. 16, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 30, 1862. 
 
 rLrles Hill, must, in Oct. 29, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 29, 1804, expiration of term. 
 
 Josialh G. Huggins, must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; died, at Hilton Head, S. C, Nov. 1, 
 1862, of yellow fever. 
 
 Thomas Holt, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 
 
 
 Patrick Joyce, must, in Oct. 2. 1861; disch. Oct. 4, 1864, expiration of term. 
 Bobert Johnson, must, in Sept. 9, 1801; disch. on surg. cert. Doc. 9, 1863. 
 John Johnson, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; missing in action at Bennuda Hundred, 
 
 Ya., May 20, 1864; veteran. 
 Thomas Kickham, must, in Sept. 11, 1861; dis. at Satterlee Hosp., Phila,, Sept. 
 
 12, 1804. 
 James Keolam, most, in Sept. 18, 1801 ; disch. Oct. 18, 1804, exp. of term. 
 James Kaver, must, in Nov. 8, 1801 ; disch on surg. cert. .Tuly 26, 1863. 
 Patrick Keefe, must, in Sept. 9, 1 801 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Jan. 21, 1863. 
 Wm. J. Light, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 4, 1861, expiration of term. 
 Edward Lynch, must, in Sept. 11, 1861; prisoner; died at Annapolis, Md., Nov. 
 
 29, 1864. 
 William Logan, must, in Sept. 16, 1801; captured at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., 
 
 May 20, 1864; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 17, 1804; grave 6985. 
 Isaac Miles, must, in Sept. 20, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1806 ; vet. 
 Patrick Murphy, must, in Sept 24, 1801 ; died at Fernandina, Fla., Oct. 28, 1863. 
 David Morgan, must, iu Oct. 21. 1861 ; died at Fernaridiaa, Fla., Feb. 20, 1864. 
 Bernard McCoe, must, in Sept. 20,1861: absent, sick, at master out; veteran. 
 Charles McGiiiley, must, in Sept, 16, 1801; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. ID, 1803. 
 Michael McCall, must, in Aug. 31, 1804; disch, by G, 0, June 29, 1805. 
 Patrick McOabe, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 29, 1864, exp, of term. 
 Michael McCartney, must, in Sept. 9, 1801 ; disch. Oct. 4, 1804, exp, of terra. 
 Michael McCormick, mnst. in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert, Jan. 11, '02. 
 John McCabe, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; accidentally killed at Seabrook, S. C, 
 
 April 22, 1803. 
 T. P. McHale, must, in Sept. 9, 1801 ; died at Hilton Head, S. 0., Oct. 21, '02. 
 Peter McDonald, must, in Oct. 12, 1801 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Oct. 25, '62. 
 Francis MoNulty, must, in Sept. 18, 1801. 
 James McDermott, must, in Sept. 18, 1801. 
 
 Dennis Nugent, must, in Oct. 7, 1861 ; died at New York May 11, 1863. 
 Michael O'Connor, must, in Oct, 7, 1801 ; disch. Oct. 19, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Peter O'Neil, must, in Sept. 28, 1861 ; died at Port Royal, S. C, April 13, 1862. 
 Hugh O'Donnell, Sr., must, in Oct, 2, '61 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Oct. 26, '62. 
 James O'Neil, must, in Sept. 18, 1801. 
 Patrick O'Brian, must, in Sept. 18, 1801. 
 
 Charles Quigley, must, in Oct. 26, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 21, 1804, exp. of term. 
 John Rodgers, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 4, 1864, expiration of term. 
 James Riley, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 5, 1866, of wounds, U. S. Hosp. 
 John M. Rush, must, iu Jan, 6, 1865; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 2, 1865. 
 Charles Eiley, must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; died at Hilton Head, S. (!., Aug. 13, 1862. 
 John W. Still, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 14, 1864, expiration of term. 
 Patrick Skifflngton, must, in Sept. 9, 1861. 
 Robert Sherman, must, iu Sept. 9, 1801 ; veteran. 
 
 Michael Walsh, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 4, 1804, expiration of term. 
 James Wauls, must, in Sept. 9, 1861; disch. Oct. 18, 1864, expiration of term. 
 Walter Walsh, must, in Sept. 11, 1801 ; missing in action at Bermuda Hundred, 
 
 Va., May 20, 1804; veteran. 
 
 COMPANY F (NATIONAL GUARDS). 
 
 (This company waa recruited in various parfa of Chester County by De Witt 
 Clinton Lewis, of West Chester. His paternal grandfather, Phineas Lewis, born 
 in Chester County, was the son of a Welsh emigrant, James Lewis, who came 
 to this country previous to the Revolution. He became a soldier in the Ameri- 
 can army, and served during the war of independence. The grandmother of 
 Capt Lewis, also of Welsh descent, was one of the survivors of the massacre at 
 Wyoming, having escaped by drifting down the Susquehanna, the night after, 
 in a flat-boat His grandfather on his mother's side, Patrick McKenmn. a 
 Scotch-Irishman, who came to this country before the Revolution, also became 
 a soldier in the Continental array and served during the war. He was wounded 
 at the battle of Brandywine. He died at the age of ninety years. Mary, his 
 wife was a German giri, who came to tliis country when quite young, and was 
 sold'by the captain of the vessel for payment of her passage, as was often the 
 case at that period. Capt. Lewis' father was Benjamin Lewis, of Cliester County, 
 somewhat extensively known as a school-teacher, and during the last few years 
 of his life en-aged at Gauss's Academy, on the Brandywine, near Marshalton, 
 and who died in his twenty-ninth year. D. W. C. Lewis was born near West 
 Chester July 30, 1822, and after the death of his father lived with the 
 fl IV of Joseph Taylor, father of Bayard Taylor, during the boyhood of the 
 'r and rerwardi settled in West Chester, where, with Samuel Way, he 
 iTarnedlie arpenter's trade. When eighteen yea,, old he joined the Natiomil 
 gIs then commanded by Capt. William Apple. On the breaking out of he 
 San war he joined, as one of its flr.t member, the Nationa Guards, which. 
 IZZ tendered its services to the Governor, but itwas not called into active 
 
 ""nl'Ierved as 1st lieut. in Co. E, 9th Pa. Vols., three months' men, and after his 
 time haret^red raised this company, of whom, Feb. 29, 1864, at Fernandina, 
 Fla., forty-flve men re-enlisted as veterans for the war.) 
 
 Cant De Witt C. Lewis, must, in Oct. 3, 1801; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, 
 Va uly 20, 1804; disch. Oct. 3, 1864, expiration of term; pro. bvt. maj. 
 
 C nt"i"™rMan:rm" tin' sept. 23,1861; wounded Sept. 29,1864; and at 
 'Fortrlshei N C.,.Tan.l5, 1805; pro. to capt. March 29. 1865; must, out 
 
 ,,,:::,3^^!;r;St:;:^:;.23.i3oi;dis.^ 
 
 9, 1803, 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Ist Lieut. John Wainwright, must, in Sept. 23, 1861; pro. to 2d Jieut. Jan. 10, 
 
 1862; to let lieut. May 1, 1863; com. capt. Kov. 1, 1864; to bvt. capt. and 
 
 bvt. mnj. March 13, 1865; to lieut-col. March 14, 1865; to col. June 1, 1865. 
 Ist Lieut. Isaac J. NicbolR, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hd., 
 
 Va., May 20, 1864 ; pro. from sergt. March 29, 1865 ; must, out with comp. 
 
 Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 2d Lieut. Oliver E. Strickland, must, in Oct. 3, 1861 ; res. Jan. 9, 1862. 
 2d Lieut. Thumas Cosgriff, must, in Sept. 23,1861 ; pro. from let Bcrgt. June 10, 
 
 1863; wounded Sept. 29 and Oct. 27, 1804 ; disch. on eurg. cert. March 28, '65. 
 2d Lieut. John E. Huntsman, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hd., 
 
 Ya., May 20, 1864 ; pro. from Ist eergt. May 26, 1865 ; must, out with cump. 
 
 Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 1st Sergt. Thomas E. Brown, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; wounded Aug. 1863, and 
 
 May 18, 1864 ; pro. to be sergt. June 15, 1864 ; to 1st sergt. July 19, 1805 ; 
 
 must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865 ; vetwan. 
 1st Sergt. Jolin Kennedy, must, in Oct. 3,1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., 
 
 July 10,.1S64 ; disch. by special order Jan. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 1st Sei-gt. Thomas B. Guest, must in Sept. 23, 1861 ; killed ut Bermuda Hd , 
 
 Va., May 20, 1804; veteran. 
 Sergt. Jackson Meharry, must, in Oct. 9, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 
 
 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. David Mock, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; wounded Sept. 29, 1864; pro. to 
 
 sergt, from corp. April 22, 1865; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 18U5; vet. 
 Sergt. James P. GrifBtb, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. from corp. July 19, 1865 ; 
 
 must, out with company Aug. 28, 1805 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. Hermau P. Bi'ower, must, in Sept. 30, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hd., 
 
 Va., May 20,1804; pro, from corp. July 19,1865; must, out with comp. Aug. 
 
 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. Lee A. Stroud, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 3, 1804, exp. of term. 
 Sergt. Samuel Wyun, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 3, 1864, exp. of tei m. 
 Sergt. Caleb Mercer, must, in Oct. 2, 1861; wounded at Bermuda Hd., Ya., 
 
 May 20, 1864 ; pro. to com.-sergt, July 19, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Josiah G. Gai-rett, must, in Sept. 23, 186L; wounded May 20 and Oct. 
 
 27, 1864; pro. to corp. April 1, 1865; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865; 
 
 veteran. 
 Corp. H. C. Keagan, must, in May 10, 1864 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, '65. 
 Corp. Thomas Ray, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; wounded at Deep Bottom, Ya., 
 
 Aug. 16, 1864; pro. to corp. July 20, 1865; must, out with tiomp. Aug. 28, 
 
 1865; veteran. 
 Corp, Amos Divine, must, in Oct. 9, 1861; pro. to corp. Aug. 1, 1865; must. 
 
 out with company Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Edward Townsend, must, in Sept. 23, 1801 ; disch. Oct. 3, 1864, ex. of term. 
 Corp. J. R. Kichardsou, must, in Oct. 10, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. April 10, '64. 
 Corp. Jesse M. Boyles, must, in Sept. 23, 1861; wounded May 18 and 20, 1864; 
 
 disch. on surg. cert. July 10, 1805 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Geo. W. Ordaway, must, in Sept. 30, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 28, 1865. 
 Corp. John H. Brower, must, in Sept. 30, 1861 ; pro. to qrmr.-sergt. Jan. 1, 1865; 
 
 vetei"an. 
 Corp. John Webber, must, in Sept. 23, 1801 ; wounded at Petersburg, Ya., July 
 
 8, 1864; pro. toprin. miis. May 20, 1865; veteran. 
 Corp. James A. Fries, must, in Sept. 23, 1801 ; died at Hampton, Ya., of wounds 
 
 received in action May 18, 1864; veteran. 
 Corp. James T. Terry, must, in Sept. 23, 1801 ; wounded May 18, 1864; killed 
 
 at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, 1804 ; veteran. 
 Corp. John C. Smith, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; killed at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 
 
 16, 1864. 
 MuB. Jesso White, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hd., May 20, 
 
 1864 ; must, out with regt. Aug, 28, 1805 ; veteran. 
 Mus. Isaac F. Faro, must, in Sept. 23, 1801 ; disch. Oct 3, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Mus. Thomas St John, must, in Sept 23,1861 ; disch. Oct. 3, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Teamster J. D. Roberts, must, in Sept. 21, '61 ; disch. Oct. 3, '64, at exp, of term. 
 
 Privates. 
 Theo. Abel, must, in Sept. 23, 1801; wounded at James Island, S. C, June 
 
 10, 1802 ; disch. on surg. cei-t. July 28, 1862. 
 Robert P. Barnes, must, in May 10, 1864 ; wounded at Bermuda Hd., Va., May 
 
 20, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug, 28, 1805. 
 Katlianiel Booth, must, in Oct. 1, 1861; disch. Oct 1804, exp. of term. 
 Joseph Brown, must, in Sept. 26, 1801 ; veteran. 
 Ebenczer D. Collins, must, in Sept. 23, 1801; wounded May 18, 1804; killed at 
 
 Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 1864 ; veteran. 
 Geo. W. Cook, must in Sept. 23, 1861 ; killed at Morris Island, S. C, Sept. 3, '63. 
 Joshua Gary, must in Sopt 26, 1861 ; killed at Petersburg, Ya., July 30, 1804; 
 
 veteran. 
 Lewis DifTendarfer, must, in Oct. 2, 1801 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., 
 
 May 20, 1804 ; ab. in hos. at muster out ; veteran. 
 "William T. Dixon, must in March 15, 1804; disch. March 31, 1866, to date Aug. 
 
 28,1866; veteran. 
 John W. Edwards, must, in Sept 23, 1861 ; wounded at Petei-sburg, Ya., June 15, 
 
 1864; disch. Oct 3, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Thos. T. Estworthy, must in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. surg. cert Dec. 8, 1801. 
 Daniel W, Ferrell, must in Sept 23, 1861 ; killed at Darbytown road, Ya., 
 
 Oct 27, 1864; veteran. 
 W. S. Fisher, must in May 11, 1804 ; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 6, 1864. 
 James Graham, must, in Sept 30, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred May 20, 
 
 1804; disch. Oct. 3, 1864, at expiration of teim. 
 John Garvis, must in Sept 30, 1801 ; trans, to Yet. Res. Corps July 27, 1863. 
 
 M. Greenfield, must in Sept 23, 1861 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Oct 11, 1863. 
 George W. Guest, must, in Oct 9, 1801 ; captured at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug. 16, 
 
 1864 ; died at Richmond Feb. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 David K. Gatchell, must, in Sept. 22, 1801 ; must out Oct 3, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 John Hagley, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. Oct 3, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 Frederick Haas, must, in Sept. 30, 1861 ; disch. Oct 3, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 John Hall, must, in Oct 10, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 28, 1863. 
 Hugh Hale, must, in Oct 15, 1861 ; wounded at James Island, S. C, June, 1862 ; 
 
 disch. Oct 15, 1864, at exp. of tei-ni. 
 Franklin Haines, must, in Out. 10, 1861 ; died at West Chester Sept. 14, 1864. 
 Thomas C. Huntsman, must in Dee. 29, 1863; died at New York Aug. 9 of 
 
 wounds reed, at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1864; buried in Cypress 
 
 Cemetery, L. I. ; veteran. 
 Albau D. Ingram, must, in Oct 2, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 3, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 William C. Jackson, must in Sept. 23, 1861 ; died Sept. 18 of wounds reed. May 
 
 18, 1804; veteran. 
 John W. Keeley, must in Sept. 23, 1801 ; prisoner from Aug. 16, 1864, to April 
 
 18, 1865; disch. by G. 0. June 6, 1865; veteran. 
 Jacob Kerr, must, in Sept. 30, 1801; disch. on surg. cert Oct 12, 1863. 
 William T. Meeteer, must in Oct. 17, 1801 ; disch. by G. 0. July 19, 1865 ; vet 
 Joseph Massey, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. May 19 for wounds received 
 
 Feb. 1,1805; veteran. 
 Jas. H. Maxton, must, in Sept 23, 1801 ; disch. Oct. 3, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 Jesse Mock, must, in Sept. 23, 186L ; disch. on surg. cert Jan. 12, 1863. 
 William Minim, must in Sept. 23, 1801; disch. Oct 3, 1864, at exp, of term. 
 Mark Milburne, must, in Oct 8, 1861 ; disch. Oct 9, 1804, at exp. of term. 
 H. Maxton, must, in Oct 8, 1801 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Jan. 25, 18G2. 
 Davis McAfee, must, in Oct. 3, 1801 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va , May 
 
 20, 1864} disch. on surg. cert. June 10, 1865; veteran. 
 James McC'luen, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; died at Point Lookout, Md., June 14, of 
 
 wounds received at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1864; veteran. 
 Abner McCartney, must, in Sept. 26, 1801 ; died at Hilton Head, S- C, Nov. 18, 
 
 1802 ; burial record Nov. 2, 1862. 
 John Navin, must in Oct. 8, 1861 ; killed at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 
 Juhu Opperman, must in Oct. 16, 1861 ; disch. on sui-g. cert. Dec. 8, 1804. 
 Evans Pharaoh, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1S64; traus. to Vet. Res. Corps; disch. Aug. 28, 1865; veteran. 
 David C. Perry, must, iu Oct 1, 1861 ; disch. Oct 3, 1804, at exp. of teim. 
 E. W. Pierce, must iu Oct 1, 1861 ; killed at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., Jlay 29, 
 
 1804; veteran. 
 James Peoples, must in Oct 17, 1861 ; killed at Bermuda Hundred, Ya,, May 20, 
 
 1804; veteran. 
 J. U"igg, must in Sept 30, 1861 ; killed near Petersburg, Va., July 30, '64; vet 
 Eli Reynolds, must in Sept 20, 1861 ; disch. Out 3, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Lewis A. Roatch, must iu Sept 30, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 3, 1804, at exp. of term. 
 Wm. M. Roberts, mubt. iu Sept 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 18, 1862. 
 Michael Rogau, must in Oct 3, 1861; killed near Petersburg, Ya., June 28, 
 
 1864 ; buried in Nat Cem., City Poiut, sec. D, div. 4, grave 37 ; veteran. 
 J. Reedy, must, in Out 1, 1801 ; killed at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 
 
 1804; veteran, 
 Thomas Sassaman, must, in May 10, 1804; wounded at Bermuda Hundred Ya. 
 
 May 2U, 1804; must out with company Aug. 28, 1805. 
 William L. Scott, must, iu April 15, 1804; wounded at Peteraburg, Ya., July 11, 
 
 1804 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1805. 
 Thomas H. Short, must in Sept. 23, 180 L ; absent, sick, at muster out 
 Samuel G. Scott, must in Sept. 23, 1801 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20,1864; absent, sick, at muster out ; veteran. 
 Alonzo Schuyler, must, in Sept 2:3, 1861 ; prisoner from Aug, 16, 1864, to March 
 
 3, 1866 ; disch. by G. 0. July 20, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Abraham Stevenson, must in Sept 2;J, 1861; disch. Oct. 3, 1864, at exp. of term, 
 Edward Shewey, must in Sept 23, 1801; disch. Oct. 3, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 Wilson G. Springer, must in Sept 23, 1861 ; disch, on habeas corpus Oct 10, '01. 
 Wm. E. Stiteler, must, in Oct 10, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 10, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 James S. Starr, must in Oct 17, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1864 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Jan. 7, 1865 ; veteran. 
 
 E. H. Smith, must in Sept. 23, 1861 ; died at Edisto Island, S. C, May 30, 1862, 
 W. C, Shannon, must iu Sept 23, 1861; died at Morris Island, S. C, Sept 7, '63. 
 H. Stephens, must iu Sept 30, 1861; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Jan. 7, 1862; ' 
 
 burial record June 7, 1862. 
 Abraham Thomas, must, in Oct 3,1861 ; disch. on surg. cert, April 10, 1864, 
 J. W. Wilson, must in Oct, 3, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug 28, 1865; vet 
 
 F. Williamson; must in Sept 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 25, 1862. 
 
 J. P. Winterbottom, must, iu Sept 2:i, 1861; disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 18 1862. 
 Geo. W. Wolf, must, in Sept 30, 1801 ; disch. Out. 3, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 John H. Walker, must, in Sept. 23, 1861; disch. Oct. 3, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 John Woodsides, must iu Aug. 15, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 28, 1865. 
 Jesse Woodward, must, in Sept. 23, 1801 ; died at Fernandina, Fla., Oct 26 1863. 
 
 G. E. Wright, must iu Oct 10, 1801 ; killed at James Island, S. C, June 10, '62, 
 Henry Wingate, must in Out 27, 1864; killed at Fort Fisher Jan. 15, 1865. 
 Robert M. Williams, must in Sept 30, 1861 ; died Aug. 10 of wounds reed, at 
 
 Petersburg, Ya., July 30, 1864, 
 M. H. White, must iu April 18, 1864; killed near Petersburg, Va., May 18, '64. 
 
 COMPANY G (BROOM ALL GUARDS). 
 (This company was recruited in Delaware County by Capt Jesse L. Cummins, 
 fourth son of George and Matilda Babb Cummins, who was bom in the township 
 of Upper Providence, Delaware Co., in 1840. His father dying while he was 
 
KOSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 XIX 
 
 quite young placed him almost upon his own resources. He early exhibited 
 great precision as a marl^sniau and a desire for tlie experiences of liunting and 
 frontier life. With an elder brother he went West during his minority. Tliey 
 together encountered in a log house on Eden Prairie one of the severest of 
 Minnesota wintei-s, cooking and baking for themselves. Jesse returned home 
 before the KeboUion, entered the law-oflfice of Hon. John M. Broomall, with 
 whom be studied law, at Media, Delaware Co., and had just entered upon the 
 practice of his profession at that place when the war broke out. At the first 
 call for troops he enlisted as a private in Co. I, 9th Regt. P. V., in the three 
 montlis' service. The Broomall Guards, so named in honor of his law preceptor, 
 member of Congress from the Seventh Congressional District, were mostly raised 
 from the vicinity of Media and Chester. Capt. Cummins died of pulmonary 
 consumption, at Media, Dec. 21, 1866. Thiity-flve of this comiiany re-enlisted 
 as veterans in 1864. We give the names of those from Chester County.) 
 Capt. Lewis T. Evans, pro. from 1 st licut. Co. A j placed in command of company 
 
 June 22, 1862; resigned Oct. 23, 1863. 
 
 Ist Lient. Cheyney T. Haines, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. Dec. 10, 1863; 
 
 wounded at Green Plains, Bermuda Hundred, Va., Miiy 20, 1864; again, at 
 
 Cemetery Hill, near Petersburg, Va., June 30, 1864; pro. to sergt-miijor 
 
 Sept. IS, 1804 ; to 1st lieut. Dec. 1, 1864 ; mortiilly wounded at Fort Fisher, 
 
 N. C, Jan. 15, 1865; died of wounds in New York Jan. 27, 1865; pro. to 
 
 brev. capt. by order of War Department, to rank fi-om March 13, 1865; vet. 
 
 1st Lieut. Isiiiah Bird, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Sept. 20, 1864 ; to 
 
 1st sergt. Oct. 20, 1864 ; to Ist lieut. May 1, 1865 ; must, out with company 
 
 Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 
 Corp. Hilary Fox, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1864 ; must, out Oct. 17, 1864, expiration of term. 
 Corp. Eli Dunlap, mnst. in Sept. 9, 1861 ; pro. to corp. July 19, 1865; must, out 
 
 with company Aug. 28, 1865; veteran. 
 Musician Geo. W. Ross, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 17, 1865. 
 Teamster Enoch Dunlap, must, in Sept. 9, 1861; disch. on surg. cert. July 4, '62. 
 Eber B. Frame, must, in Sept 30, 1861 ; must, out Oct. 14, 1864, exp. of term. 
 James Grindrod, must in Oct. 10, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 3, 1804, exp. of term. 
 John G. Herkins, must, in Oct. 22, 1862 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va. ; must, out 
 
 with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Charles Jones, must. inSept. 9, 1861 ; absent at muster out; veteran. 
 Hugh McKenna, must, in Sept. 30, 1861 ; disch. on snrg. cert. Dec. 8, 1861. 
 Thos. J. Otty, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 22, 1862. 
 Frederick Thomae, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 1, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Wm. Diviue, must, in Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. on habeas corpus Oct. 18, 1861. 
 COMPANY H (GREBLE GUARDS). 
 (Charles Mcllvaine, of Springtun, near Waynesburg, Chester Co., only sur- 
 viving son of Hon. Abraham Robinson Mcllvaine, member for the Seventh 
 Congressional District of the XXVIIIth, XXIXth, XXXth, and XXXIst Con- 
 gresses, recruited this company. It was raised largely near Springton, Honey 
 Brook, and villages along the Welsh Mountain and C/Onestoga Valley, to which 
 were added the recruits of David Jones, recruited elsewhere in the count;-'. The 
 company was called the Greble Guards, in honor of the brave olficer of that 
 name who fell at Big Bethel. The father of Capt. Mcllvaine had been in the 
 Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1836 and 1837; was an elector on 
 the Harrison and Tyler electoral ticket in the State in 1840 ; for several suc- 
 cessive years president of the Agricultural Society of Chester and Delaware 
 Counties, and a long time vice-president of the State Agricultural Society. This 
 Mcllvaine family is descended from Allan Mcllvaine, who in 1520 secured 
 from Queen Mary the grants of lands in Upper and Nether Grimmet, in 
 Ayr, Scotland. He was the first Laird of Grimmet. Two of his sons fell in the 
 battle of Tanshawe, and two of his grandchildren were in the following of Earl 
 of Casselis at Lady Care in 1601. The family were known as Covenanters, and 
 suffered terribly in the persecution of the Scotch Presbyterians by the king's 
 troops, which caused their emigration to Ireland, where they remained about 
 one generation and then came to America. Capt. Charles Mcllvaine was born 
 at Springton farm, on one of the original Penn Manora, May 31, 1840. On Oct. 29, 
 1861, Capt. Mcllvaine was notified by Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, 
 of his appointment by the President of the United States as captiiin iu the 19th 
 Infantry, U. S. army, to rank from that date, with ordoi-s, in case of his accept- 
 ance of the appointment, to report in person for orders to the colonel of that 
 regiment at Indianapolis, Ind. In consideration of his promise to the men en- 
 rolled by him to remain iu the service with them, his acceptance of this appoint- 
 ment was qualified by a request to be permitted to remain iu the volunteer ser- 
 vice during the term of his enlistment, which being granted by the Secretary 
 of War, he continued in command of his company. Ill health subsequently 
 forced him to leave the army. Thirty-two men of this company re-enhsted as 
 
 cipt. Charles Mcllvaine, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; resigned June 10, 1863. 
 
 Capt. Theo. M. Smedley, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 1st l.eut. 
 
 Nov 1, 1864; to brev. capt. March 5, 1865 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, 
 
 Va., May 20, 1864, and at Eort Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, 1865; must, out with 
 
 conipanyAug. 28, 1865; veteran. 
 1st Lient David Jones, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to qrmr. Oct. 31, 1861. 
 1st Lieut. Tbos. S. Taylor, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to Ist lieut. Nov. 5, 1861 ; 
 
 res. April 29, 1862. 
 Ist Lieut. Elwood P. Baldwin, must, in Nov. 5, 1861 ; pro. from 2d lieut. Apnl 
 
 29, 1862 ; res. Nov. 5, 1862 ; re-onl. May 23, 1864 ; pro. to 1st sergt. ; to adjt. 
 
 May 26, 1865. 
 Ist Lieut. Phares P. Brown, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 : pro. from 1st sergt. to M 
 
 lieut. March 3, 1865; to 1st lieut. April 5, 1865; must, out with company 
 
 Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 
 1st Lient. Geo. H. Durnall, must, in Sept. 23, 1861; com. 1st lieut. May 1, 1864; 
 
 not nmst.; killed at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1864; veteran. 
 2d Lieut. George A. Lemaister, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; pro. from sergt.-maj. April 
 
 30, 1862; com. capt. June 11, 1863; not must; wounded at Bermuda Hun- 
 dred, Va., May 20, 1864; disch. on surg. cert Sept 20, 1864. 
 2d Lieut. Isaac L. Dutton, must in Sept 23, 1861 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., 
 
 July 11, 1864; pro. from 1st sergt May 26, 1866; must out with company 
 
 Aug. 28, 1865; veteran. 
 2d Lieut Lewis H. Watkins, must in Sept. 23, 1861 ; com. 2d lieut May 10, 
 
 1864; not must; killed at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1864; veteran. 
 Ist Sergt. Benj. F. Smith, niust. in SeiJt. 23, 1861 ; wounded at Petersburg, June 
 
 20, '64; pro. from sergt. July 1, '65; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, '65; vet 
 1st Sergt J. T. Massey, must, in Sept 23, 1861: disch. on surg. cert Oct. 8, 1862. 
 Sergt Robert Walker, must iu Sept. 23, 1861 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 
 
 1865; veteran. 
 Sergt T. E. Dutton, must in Feb. 2, 1863; must, out with comp. Aug. 23, 1865. 
 Sergt Geo. H. Cook, must, in Sept. 23, 18B1 ; pro. from Corp. July 19, 1865; must. 
 
 out with company Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt Edward A. Weidner, must, iu Sept. 23, 1861 ; pro. from coip. July 1, 1865; 
 
 absent on detached service at muster out ; veteran. 
 Sergt Joseph H. Walter, mnst in Sept 23, 1861; wounded at Bermuda Hun- 
 dred, Va., May 20, 1864 ; disch. Sept. 23, 1864, at expimtion of term. 
 Sergt. John Thomas, must, in Sept, ,30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. July 20, 1862. 
 Sergt B. Skeen, Jr., must iu Sept 23, 1S61 ; disch. on surg. cert July 26, 1863. 
 Sei'gt. Robert J. Baldwin, must in Nov. 24, 1861; wounded at Petersburg, Va., 
 
 June 30, 1864; disch. Nov. 7, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Sergt. John A. Russell, must in Sept. 23, 18H1 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, 
 
 Va., May 20, 1864 ; killed at Petereburg June 30, 1804 ; veteran. 
 Sergt Wm. Garver, must in Sept 23, 1861 ; killed at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1864. 
 Sergt George H. Bennett, must in Sept 23,1861; died at New York Jan. 30 of 
 
 wounds received at Fort Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, 1865; buried in Cypiess Hill 
 
 Cemetery, L. I. ; veteran. 
 Corp. Wm. Mills, must, in Sept 23, 1863 ; must out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Corp. J. McGuigan, must in Oct. 27, 1864; must out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Corp. Wm. Shields, must, in Nov. 19, 1864, must ont witb comp. Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Corp. John B. Allen, must in Oct. 27, 1864; must out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Corp. Geo. W. Dehoff, must in March 4, '65 ; must out with comp. Aug. 28, '66. 
 Corp C. 0. Courtney, must in Sept 23, 1861; pro. to corp. July 1, 1865 ; must 
 
 out with company Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Wm. F. Smith, must iu Sept. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 15, 1862. 
 Corp. T. J. Hendereon, must, in Sept 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Feb. 17, '63. 
 Corp. T. W. Durnell, must, in Sept 23, 1861; disch. on surg. cert. April 10, '64. 
 Corp. I. T. Massey, must in Nov. 7, '61 ; diaoh. Nov. 7, '64, at expiration of term. 
 Corp. W. H. George, must in Sept 28, 18C1 ; trans, to Signal Corps Feb. 29, '64. 
 Corp. J. Wood, must, in Sept. 27, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, date unknown. 
 Corp. Geo. W. Burns, must in Sept. 28, 1861 ; died at Fortress Monroe May 26 of 
 
 wounds received at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1864. 
 Corp. James McConnell, must, in Sept 24, 1861 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Oct. 
 
 2, 1862 ; burial record Nov. 2, 1862. 
 Musician Edward J. Hadley, must in Sept. 23, 1861 ; must out with comp. Aug. 
 
 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Musician Philip Richard, must in Feb. 28, '65 ; must ont with comp. Aug. 28, '65. 
 Mus. Charles C. Taylor, must in Oct 9, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 10, 1863. 
 Mus. Milton S. Taylor, must, in Oct 19, 1861; pro. to principal mus. Sept 18, 
 
 1864; veteran. 
 Teamster Marsh B. England, must in Sept 23, 1801; diach. on surg. cert Sept. 
 
 19, 1862. 
 Teamster Levi E. Snyder, must in Sept 23, 1861 ; must out with comp. Aug. 28, 
 
 1865; veteran. 
 
 Privates. 
 Alfred C Allison, must in Sept 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 9, 1863. 
 Robert L. Ainsworth, must, in Oct. 23, 1861 ; diach. on surg. cert July 1, 1866. 
 Wm BiUinga, must iu Sept. 3, 1864; must out with company Aug. 28, 1805. 
 Abraham L. Bills, must in March 2, 1865; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Wm H Boyd, must in March 4, 1865 ; must, out with comi.any Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Jacob H. Busscr, must in Sept 28, 1861; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1864; disch. Oct. 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Joseph Beibler, mnat in Oct 4, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert Dec. 10, 1862. 
 Chas Burns, mnat. in Oct 22, 1861 ; diach. Oct 22, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 John Bellwoar, must in Nov. 5, 1801 ; disch. Nov. 5, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Samuel Bookman, must in Oct 15, 1861 ; trans, to regimental band Oct 24 '61. 
 p T Brubaker, must in Oct 10, 1861; trans, to regimental band Oct 24, 1861. 
 Wm! Brown, must in Oct. 17, '61 ; trans, to Co. G, 80th Regt. P. V Nov 4, '61. 
 John Curtis, must, in Nov. 21, 1864 ; mnst. out with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 James Cross, must, in Oct. 9, 1861 ; diach. on surg. cert Jan. 8, 1802 
 J Cross must, in Oct 17, 1861; diach. Oct. 17, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 William Clark, must in Sept, 23, 186 1 ; killed at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 
 
 Jos Drey""™'"'" S^P*- 23, 1861 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., June 24, 1864 ; 
 
 'must out with company Aug. 28, 1865; veteran. 
 Christopher Dean, must in Sept 23, 1861; must out with company Aug. 28, 
 
 IsaacTDlvilTust. in Sept, 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert March 28, 1863. 
 J im s K Davis, must in Oct, 7, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 17, 1862; burial 
 record, died Dec. 19, 1862, buried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, L. I., grave 669. 
 
XX 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Alfred L. Button, must, in Nov. 4, 18G1 ; tranB. to U. S. Art. Nov. 16, 1862. 
 
 W. P. Davis, must, in Nov. 24, 18G1 ; diBch. Nov. 23, 1864, at expiration of terra. 
 
 Thos. Dunn,mnst. in Sept 24, 1864; dist-h. on surg. cert. June 29, 1865. 
 
 Michael Donahue,' must, in July 11, 18ii4; diech. hy G. 0. June 11, 18G5. 
 
 Wm. Dulling, must, in Oct. 10, 1801 ; trans to regimental band Oct. 24, 1861. 
 
 Ezeltiel Davidson, must, in Oct 4, 1861. 
 
 Edward Dnimm, must, in Fob. 14, 1865 ; not on mnster-out roll. 
 
 Abner Evans, must, in Sept. 23, 1861; must, out with company Aug. 28, '65; vet. 
 
 James S. JEverhai't, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; diach. on surg. cert. June 11, 186-3. 
 
 Wm. H. Force, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 
 David F. Fields, must, in Feb. 21, 1801 ; diech. by G. 0. July 18, 1865. 
 
 Austin M. Fithian, must, in Oct. 15, 1861 ; trans, to regimental band Oct. 24, "61. 
 
 James G. Ford, must, in Oct. 7, 1861 ; trans, to Signal Coips Feb. 29, 1SG4. 
 
 Oliver A. Griffith, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; wounded at Petei-sburg, Va., June 20, 
 
 1804; absent, sick, at muster out; veteran. 
 Jos, S. Gallagher, must, in Sept. 24, 1861 ; disch. on snrg. cert. July 28, 1862. 
 George F. Garrett, must, iu Sept. 28, 1861 ; disch. ou surg. cert. April 18, 1862. 
 Terrence Gaffany, must, in Sept. 24, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 28. 1865. 
 Payne A. Gould, must, in Nov. 9, 1861 ; trans, to regimental band Oct. 24, 1801. 
 Hanford T. Griffith, must, in Aug. 25, 1862; drowned at Kiawah Crec-k, S. C, 
 
 June 4, 1863. 
 Martin Haley, must, in Oct. 24, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 John Henne&sey, must, iu Oct. 2b, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Charles Harrison, must, in Nov. 28, 1804; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1805. 
 Hugh Heeley, must, in Nov. 10, 1864; must, out with company Aug 28, 1805. 
 F. Hoxendofel, must, in Nov. 4, 1804; must, out with company Aug. 28, 18G5. 
 Marshall Harvey, must, in Sept. 23, 1801; disch. on sur<r. cert. Sept. 19, 1862. 
 Amos B. Headley, must, in Aug. 24, 18G4; disch. by G. O. June 28, 1865. 
 Alfred N. Harbours, must, in Aug. 25. 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 28, 1865. 
 Thomas Hart. must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 28, 1865. 
 Wm. W. Hardin, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 9, 1863. 
 John Ilesson, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 17 for wounds received at 
 
 Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 17, 1804. 
 Samufl Humi)hrey, must, in Jan. 6, 1862; disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 23, 1862. 
 Wm. C. Hemphill, must, in Oct. 15, 1861 ; trans, to regt. band Oct. 24, 1861. 
 John L. llosmer, must, in Oct. 10, 1801 ; trans, to regt. band Oct. 24, 1861J 
 Harmon Heed, must, in Oct, 3, 1861 ; pro. to hosp.-steward Oct. 28, 1861. 
 Sam'l Hunter, must, in Oct. 12, 1861 ; died at Morris Island, S. C, Sept. 4, 1863. 
 John G. Hughes, must, in Sept. 27, 1861 ; died at Fernandina, Fla., Oct. 15, 1863. 
 John Hanson, must, in Sept. 23, 1801. 
 
 John Jones, must, in Aug. 11, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Milton Jackson, must, iu Oct. 24, 1801 ; disch. ou surg. cert. June 24, 1863. 
 Peter T. Jones, must, in Oct. 9, 1861. 
 
 Thomas Jones, must, in Feb. 14, 1865 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 James H. Kimes, must, in Oct. 15, 1861 ; disch. on habeas corpus Oct. 26, 1861. 
 Alfred Kurl, must, in Oct. 15, 1801 ; trans, to Co. G, SOth P. V., Nov. 4, 1801. 
 Henry Lamory, must, iu Nov. 25, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865, 
 Henry Loud, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 
 
 20, 1864 ; absent, sick, at muster out ; veteran. 
 James Loud, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Sept. 20, 1864; vet. 
 Richard M, Lovell, must, in Oct. 15, 1861 ; trans, to regt. baud Oct. 24, 1861. 
 Wm. T. Lovell, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; died at Point Lookout, Md., July 28, of 
 
 wounds received at Peteraburg, Va., June 30, 1864 ; veteran. 
 Cliarles Moore, must, in Feb. 27, 1865; must, out with company Ang. 28, 1805. 
 Abia C. E. Miller, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1864 ; absent, sick, at muster out ; veteran. 
 David Mulholland, must, in Oct. 22, 18G1 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 17, 
 
 1864 ; diach. Oct. 21, 1864, exp. of term. 
 H. Mulholland, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. March 22, 1865, for wounds received, 
 
 with loss of arm, at Cold Harbor, Va., June 6, 1864; veteran. 
 George W. Myers, must, in Oct. 10, 1861 ; trans, to regt. band Oct. 24, 1861. 
 Samuel Moore, must, in Sept. 28, 1861 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, May 19, 1862. 
 Daniel Maloney, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; died at Portsmouth Grove, R. L, Oct. 
 
 10, 1864; veteran. 
 Samuel Marshal, must, in Feb. 14, 1865 ; not on muster-out roll, 
 Thomas Marks, must, in Feb. 14, 1865 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 Harrison McHenry, must, in Oct. 9, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 17, 1864, exp, of term, 
 J. A. D. McKeever, must, iu Oct. 7, 1861; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 9, 1803. 
 John J. McHvaine, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1864; disch. Oct. 28, 1864; exp. of term. 
 Amos McFalls, must, in Oct. 15, 1861 ; trans, to regt. band Oct. 24, 1861. 
 Joseph McGrinder, must, in Sept. 23, 1S61; killed at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1804; veteran. 
 George McDonald, must, in Nov. 22, 1864. 
 
 Peter O'Donald, must, in Nov. 24, 1804 ; must, out with company Aug, 28, 1865. 
 Levi B. Pyle, must, in March 2, 1865 ; discli. by G. 0. July 18, 1865. 
 Joseph Preston, must, in March 2, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 18G5. 
 Benj. Patterson, must, iu Sept. 23, 1801 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 
 
 20, 1864; must, out with company Aug 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Thomas Pointer, must in Sept. 24, 1864; disch. by G. 0. Juno 28, 1865. 
 Joseph Price, must, in Sept. 24, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 28, 1865. 
 .Albert P. Painter, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg, cert. April 29, 1862. 
 Lsaac W. Poulson, must, in Sept. 23, 1861; captured at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 
 
 15,1864; veteran; died while a prisoner. 
 William Richards, must, iu Oct. 26, 1864; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Edward liiley, must, iu Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company Ang. 28, 1865. 
 Christian Roecker, must, in Oct, 10, 1861 ; trans, to regt. band Oct. 24, 1861. 
 
 Bernard Roecker, must, in Oct. 10, 1861 ; trans, to regt. band Oct. 24, 1801. 
 Bernard Reed, must, in Oct. 10, 1861 ; trans, to regt. band Oct. 24, 1861. 
 Joseph Shutmire, must, in Nov. 19,1864; must out -with comp. Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Thomas Spencer, must, in March 2, 1865; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Wm. II. Shay, must, in March 3, 1805; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Wm. M. Steele, must, in Sept. 23, 1801 ; absent, sick, at muster out; veteran, 
 Milton Simpson, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 28, 1865. 
 Ezra H. S llivan, must, in Oct. 12, 1861; discli. Oct. 17, 1804, exp of term. 
 Hiram Shenk, must, in Oct. 15, 1861 ; trans, to regt. band Oct. 24, 1861. 
 John Steube, must, in Oct. 10, 1861 ; trans, to regt. band Oct. 24; 1861. 
 Samuel R. Smith, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; killed at Bermuda Hundred, Va , May 
 
 20,1864. 
 Robert Tarleton, must, in Oct. 24. 1804; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1805. 
 Edward H. Taylor, must, in Oct. 10, 1861 ; disch. on surg. ceit. April 29, 1862. 
 John H. Taylor, must, in Oct. 10, 1861 ; trans, to regt. band Oct. 24, 1861. 
 Alex. Tinsloy, must, iu Sept. 23, 1861 ; killed at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 
 
 1864; veteran. 
 Martin H. Tobin, must, in Oct, 13, 1864 ; died, date unknoM-n. 
 James Tackaberry, must, in March 2, 1866; died at Morehead City, N. 0.,Sept. 
 
 13, 1805; buried in National Cemeterj', Newbern, plot 7, grave 18. 
 William Granville Wilson, must iu Oct. 21, 1801 ; disch. ou habeas corpus Oct. 
 
 26, 1861. 
 
 COMPANY I (BROOKE GUARDS). 
 
 (This company was recruited in Delaware County by Capt. George W. Hawkins, 
 of that county, assisted by Sketchly and Annesly N. Morton, sons of Judge 
 Sketcliley Morton, whose groat-grnndfather, Hon. John Morton, was a signer of 
 the Declaration of Independence, and whose grandfather, Sketchly Mort"H, was 
 a major in the Revolutionary war. Its militia name adopted was the Brooke 
 Guards, in compliment to Hon. H. Jones Brooke, State senator for Delaware and 
 Chester Counties. Jn February, 1864, thirty-seven of the company re-enlisted as 
 veterans, and with all the re-enlisted men of the regiment received a furlough 
 of thirty days. The following were from Chester County :) 
 Musician Chas. H. Dickerson, must, in Jan. 22, 1863; must, out with company 
 
 Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Vincent Dufifey, must, in Oct. 9, 1861. 
 James G. Moore, must, in Oct, 9, 1861 ; must, out by G. 0. July 19, 1865 ; veteran. 
 
 COMPANY K (WAYNE GUARDS). 
 
 (This company was organized by Capt. William Wayne, of Easttown township 
 (near Paoli), Chester Co., a descendant of the renowned Maj.-Gen. Anthony 
 Wayne, the hero of Stony Point, one of the most daring and successful officers 
 of the Revolutionary war. Capt. Wayne being almost the only remaining de- 
 scendant of the family, succeeded to the title and possession of the family estate 
 and mansion that had been the residence of Gen. Wayiie, situated near the mem- 
 orable spot of the Paoli massacre. Possessed of ample competence, and sur- 
 rounded by the comforts of a most attractive home, with wife and young chil- 
 dren just at an age to require most the presence of the husband and the father's 
 caie, Capt. Wayne, true to the impulses of his patriotic ancestry and to his own 
 senne of duty, resigned all these in response to the call of his ctmntry for de- 
 fendere in her hour of peril, trusting all to the care of Him who has promised to 
 be II shelter unto the widow and the fatherless. The comimuy was recruited in 
 various localities of Chester County. The company took the most appropiiate 
 name of Wayne Guards. Capt. Wayne, now a member of the Pennsylvania 
 Legislature (House), commanded his company through theoperations of 1862, — 
 the expedition to Warsaw Sound, Ga. ; Fort Clinch, Fernandina, and Jackson- 
 ville, Fla.; Edisto, John, and James Islands, S. C, and during part of the Oc- 
 tober campaign of that year. At Hilton Head, S. C, Sept. 10, 1S62, he was de- 
 tailed on recruiting service and returned home. Hia health having suifered 
 materially from exposure and climatic influences, and being unable to return to 
 duty, he tendered his resignation, and received an honorable discharge by order 
 of the Secretary of War (Special Order No. 24, of Jan. 19. 1863). The re-enlist- 
 ment of veterans iu this company amounted to thirty -seven.) 
 Capt William Wayne, must, in Nov. 5, 1861 : hon. disch. May 9, 1863. 
 Corp, Samuel V. Black, must in Oct 29, 1861 ; pro. fmm 2d to 1st lieut May 3, 
 
 1863; to capt. June 1, 1864 ; wounded May 18. 1864; prisoner from Aug. 10, 
 
 1864, to April, 1865 ; res. May 4, 1865. 
 Capt. AVm. S. Underwooil, must, in Oct 19, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. May 28, 1862 ; to 
 
 1st sei'gt., to 1st lieut. Jan. 1, 1865 ; to capt May 6, ItiOo ; wounded at Pe- 
 
 teraburg, Va., June 30 and July 30, 1804 ; must, out with company Aug. 
 
 28, 1865 ; veteran, 
 1st Lieut. John J. Barber, must in Nov. 3, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. March 9, '63. 
 1st Lieut Levi L. Marsh, must, in Sept. 30, 1801 ; pro. to 1st sergt. May 28, 1SG2 ; 
 
 to 2d lieut June 1, 1864 ; to 1st lieut. July 3, 1864 ; died Aug, 14 of wounds 
 
 received at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864 ; veteran. 
 1st Lieut. Wm, M. Sullivan, must, in Dec. 17, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 27, 1863 ; 
 
 to sergt. Sept 27, 1864; to Ist lieut. May 7, 1865 ; must out with company 
 
 Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 2d Lieut John W. Thompson, must in Dec. 17, 1861; pro. to corp. June 20, 
 
 1863; to sergt June 28, 1864; to Ist sei-gt April 1, 1865; to 2d lieut May 
 
 26, 1865; prisoner from Aug. 10 to Dec. 24. 1864; must, out with company 
 
 Ang. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 2d Lieut Marriott Brosius, must, in Nov. 7, 1861 ; pro. to corp. June 29, 1862 ; to 
 
 sergt May 6, 1863 ; wounded at Bermuda Huudred, Va., May 20, 1804 ; com. 
 
 2d lieut. ; uot must. ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 2, 1865 ; vetemn. 
 1st Sergt Charles A. Meyers, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 10, 1864* 
 
 to sergt. Aug. 17, 1865 ; must out with company Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 Ist Seigt. J. B. Montgomery, muet. iD Feb. 24, 1862 ; wounded at Bermuda Hun- 
 dred, Va., Muy 20, 1804 ; pro. from corp. to Bergt. April 1, 1 866 ; to Ist eergt. 
 
 July 18, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1806 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. Lewis D. Hayes, must, in Nov. 7, 1801 ; pro. to corp. Oct 10, 1804 ; to sergt. 
 
 Apiil 3, 1806; must, out with conipimy Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. John W. Farra, must, iu Dec. 9, ItiOl ; wounded May 18, 1864; pi-o. to 
 
 Corp. April 1, 1806 ; to seigt. Aug. 17, 1806 ; must, out with company Aug. 
 
 28,1865; veteran. 
 Sergt. P. McLaughlin (let), must, in Nov. 4, 1861 ; pro. to corp. April 2, lS66j to 
 
 sergt. July 18,1866; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1866 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. Keuion Powell Kithian, must, in Dec. 3, 1861 ; wounded June 12, 1862 ■ 
 
 discharged Dec. 2, 1864, expiration of term. 
 Sergt. David P. Thomas, must, iu Sept. 30, ISOl ; pro. to sergt. Oct. 20, 1861 ; 
 
 diach. on surg. cert., Oct. 14, 1862. 
 Sergt. James M. Gi iflith, must, iu Nov. 6, 1801 ; pro. to sergt. Nov. 29, 1801 ■ died 
 
 at Hampton, Va., June 3, of wounds received at Beiniuda Hundred, Va. 
 
 May 20, 1864; veteran. 
 Corp. Wm. E. Davis, must, in Sept. 28, 1861 ; pro. to corp. April 3, 1865 ; must. 
 
 out w ith company Aug. 28, 1866 ; veteran. 
 Ckirp. Charles Miles, must, in Dec. 9, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. April 4, 1805 ; must, out 
 
 with company Aug. 28, 1805 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Isaac Miller, must, in Oct. 2, 1801 ; pro. to corp, ; wounded at Bermuda 
 
 Hundred, Va., May 20, 1804 ; ahsent in hosp. at muster out; veteran. 
 Coip. James W. Fliillips, must, in Nov. 4, 1801 ; pro. to corp. June 29, 1802 ; trans. 
 
 to But. E, 3d V. S. Art., Nov. 14, 1802. 
 Corp. William Taylor, must. In Sept. 28, 1801 ; pro. to corp. June 29, 1862 ; disoh. 
 
 Oct. 28, 1804, expiration of tei-m. 
 Corp. Barnett R. Kapp, must, in Oct. 23, 1861 ; pro. to corp. June 29, 1862; 
 
 wounded at Petereburg, Va., June 30, 1864 ; disch. Oct. 28, 1804, expiiatiou 
 
 of term. 
 Corp. E. Lane Schofield, must, iu Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. to coi-p. Oct. 10, 1864 ; disch. 
 
 Oct. 28, 1864, expiration of term. 
 Corp. Henry R. Coates, must, in Nov. 9, 1861; pro. to corp. Nov. 26, 1804; to 
 
 sergt.-major Jan. 1, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. David S. Cbiistman, must, iu Oct. 3, 1861 ; pro. to corp. June 29, 1862; 
 
 died at Hilton Head, S. C, Oct. 7, 1863. 
 Corp. Biiuton Channlng, must, in Oct. 15, 1861; pro. to corp. June 20, 1862; 
 
 killed at Bermuda Huudred, Va., May 20, 1864; veteran. 
 Corp. Alfred J. Harlman, must, iu Sept. 30, 1861; pro. to corp. June 29, 1862; 
 
 died at Hampton, Va., June 3, of wounds received at Bermuda Huudred, 
 
 Va., May 20, 1864 ; veteran. 
 Corp. George H. Harrison, must, in Oct. 9, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 
 
 1866 ; veteran. 
 Musician John H. Kauffman, must, in Oct. 21, 1861 ; must, out with company 
 
 Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Musician Geo. W. Smith, must, in Nov. 7, 1861; must, out with company Aug. 
 
 28, 1S06 ; veteran. 
 Teamster T. P. VVilliams, must, in April 7, '62 ; disch. April 7, '66, at oxp. of term. 
 
 Frivalee. 
 Henry A. Beidler, must, in Oct. 19, 1801 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1 864 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out ; veteran. 
 Isaac Bullock, must, in Dec. 23, 1801 ; disch. on surg. cert. July 10, 1802. 
 Theo. Beerbrower, must, in Jan. 21, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 7, 1805, lit exp. of term. 
 Charles W. Brown, must, in Sept. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 8, 1861. 
 Thos. B. Bevan, must, in Oct. 21, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 8, 1802. 
 G. Barber, must, in Sept. 24, '61 ; killed May 20, '64, at Beimuda Hundred, Va. 
 Jonathan'cook, must, in Oct. 10, 1861 ; disch. June 27, 1862, for wounds received 
 
 at Bermuda Hundred, Va, 
 T. B. Crisv ell, must, in Oct. 13, 1861 ; died at Morris Island, S. C, Aug. 18, 1863. 
 Morris E. Duey, must, in Oct. 15, 1801 ; wounded at Tort Fisher, N. 0., Jau. 16, 
 
 18B6 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out; veteran. 
 James E. Davis, must, in Jan. 23, 1806 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Fiancis Harman, must, in Oct. 22, 1861; wounded at Beimuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1S64 ; must, out with company Aug. 28, 1866 ; veteran. 
 John S Famous, must, in Oct. 21, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 20, 1803. 
 Lawrence Fennings, must, in Feb. 22, 1802; dropped from rolls Aug. 15, 1802. 
 Lucien Frock, must, in Oct. 16, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 
 
 20 1804; disch. Oct. 28, 1804, at expiration of term. 
 James Freely, must, in Jan. 6, 1862; disch. Jan. 6, 1866, at exp. of term. 
 James W. Foley, must, in Jan. 1, 1862 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 0, 1863. 
 Wm Griffith, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1866; vet. 
 J ' Guthrie, must, in Dec. 9, 1861 ; killed in action, May 18, 1804 ; veteran. 
 Thos. Harbour, must, in Kov. 16, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 28, 1863. 
 Michael Harner, must, in Oct. 19, 1861; disch. Oct. 28, 1864 at exp "f '^™- 
 Isaac Harper, must, iu Nov. 4, 1861 ; wounded at James Island June 10, 1862 , 
 
 disch. Nov..'!, 1804, at expiration of term. 
 Isaac HaiTison, must, in Oct. 9, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert- July 30, 1862. 
 A y Harry, must, in Jau. 1, 1862 ; trans, to Bat. C, 3d U. S. Art., Nov. 16, '62. 
 T-imes HosUins, must, in Nov. 7, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 9, 1862. 
 James Hannum, must, in Oct. 21, 1861 ; died at New York, Sept. 20, of wounds 
 
 received at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1804; buried in Cypiess Hill 
 
 Cemetery, L. I., grave 1910; veteran. 
 T Haikina must, in Nov. 4, '61 ; killed at Bermuda Hundred, V a., May 20, 64. 
 BuiTOWS Je'rmyn, must, in Sept. 28, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 28, 1864, at oxp. of term, 
 s Keeley, must, in Feb. 6, 1802 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1866 ; veteran. 
 Charles L. Gunkle, must, in Jan. 13, 1802 ; traus. to Vet. Kos. Coii)S July 15, 1863. 
 
 Samuel J. Law, must, in Jan. 10, 1866 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1866. 
 AVm. C. Lewis, must, in Sept. 30, 1801 ; wounded at James Island, S. C, JuuelO, 
 
 1802; disch. on surg. ceit. Sept. 11, 1802. 
 Charles A. Lukens, must, in Oct. 16, 1861 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
 
 May 20, 1864 ; trans, to Vet. Ecs. Corrs Jan. 7, 1866; veteran. 
 Jacob G. Lenip, must, in Feb. 14, 1862 ; veteran. 
 James Manamee, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., June 30 
 
 and July 18, 1864, with loss of arm ; disch. June 16, 1866 ; veteran. 
 L. Miller, must, in Oct. 2, '61; wd. June 10, '02: disch. on surg. cert. Sept. 11, '02. 
 William Miles, must, in Oct. 27, 1862; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 14, 1803. 
 William P. Moore, must, in Oct; 16, 1801 ; died at Poiut Lookout, Md., June 16, 
 
 of wounds received at Bemiuda Hundred, Va,, May 20, 1864 ; veteran. 
 John McCann, must, in Oct. 28, ISOl ; disch. on surg. cert. July 28, 1862; trans. 
 
 to Bat. E, U. S. Art., Nov. 14, 1862. 
 W. J. McCarter, must, in Feb. 7, 1862 ; disch. on surg. cert. July 28, 1862. 
 Samuel McIIenry, must, in Feb. 19, 1862 ; disch. May 6, 1806, for wounds re- 
 ceived at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864; veteran. 
 T. W. Mclnfyre, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 8, 1801 . 
 Samuel T. Noble, must, in Dec.' 19, 1861 ; wounded July 20, 1804 ; must, out with 
 
 company Aug. 28, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Jos. Y. Norton, must, iu Oct. 5, 1862 ; killed in action Aug. 26, 1864. 
 Aaron Pbii)ps, must, in Jan. 18, 1862 ; died at Monis Island, S. C, Sept. 26, '63. 
 G. W. Plumley, must, in Oct. 20, 1861 ; veteran. 
 Charles E. Raby, must, in Deo. 19, 1861 ; wounded, with loss of arm, at Bermuda 
 
 Hundred, Va., May 20, 1864; disch. on surg. cert., Aug. 20, 1864; veteran. 
 Silas S, Rapp, must, in Oct. 16, 1801 ; died at liiUna ^ead, S. C, May 10, 1802. 
 John Sellers, must, in April 15, 1804 ; absent, sick, at muster out. 
 Wm. H. Smith, must, in March 20, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 9, 1866 ; veteran. 
 Francis Shimp, must, in Oct. 9, 1861. 
 
 Wm. A. Smith, must, in July 16, 1864; not on muster-out roll. 
 H. W. Thomltson, must, iu Jan. 17, 1865 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 28, 1865.' 
 Henry B, Thomas, must, in Qct. 22, 1861 ; wounded at James Island, S. C, June 
 
 10, 1802; disoh. on surg. cert. March 12, 1803. 
 James Thompson, must, in Sept. 23, 1863. 
 
 D. Uriuey, must, in Nov. 14,1861 ; trans, to Bat. B, Sd U. S. Art., Nov. 10, 1802. 
 George White, must, in Oct. 23, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert, March 27, 1803. 
 James K. Wilson, must, in Oct. 22, 1801 ; disch. on surg. cert. July 24, 1863. 
 Jos. 0. Wilson, must, in Oct. 21, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 28, 1804, at exp. of term. 
 W. Wilson, must, in April II, 1862; trans, to Bat. E, 3il U. S. Art., Nov. 16, '62. 
 P. J. Wonderle, must, in Oct. 15, 1801 ; died at Fernandiua, Fla,, Dec. 4, 1863. 
 Johnson Wallace, must, in Feb. 7, 1802 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., June 30, 
 
 1864; died at Fortress Monroe, Sept. 26, 1864; veteran. 
 Levi B. Walker, must, in Feb. 16, 1862 ; died at Oxf.ird, Pa,, April 18, '64 ; vet. 
 Abner D, Williams, must, in Nov, 18, 1803 ; captured at Deep Buttum, Va., Aug. 
 
 16, 1864; died at Salisbury, N. C, Nov. 3, 1864. 
 
 NINETY-NINTH REST. INF. PENNA. VOLS. 
 Surg. W. H. Wortlilugton, trans, to 63d Regt. P. V. ; resigned May 28, 1802. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SECOND REGT. INF. PENNA. VOLS. 
 Assist-surg. J. J. Pennypacker, rank from May 9, 1865 ; must, out with regt. 
 June 28, 1866. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD REGT. INF. PENNA. VOLS. 
 Surg. J. Q. A. Meredith, pro. from asst.-sarg. May 17, 1866 ; appointed assist.-surg. 
 July 1,1862. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH REGT. INF. PENNA. VOLS. 
 Lieut.-Col. John W. Nields, rank from Oct. 10, 1861 ; resigned Jnly 20, 1862. 
 Surg. Wallen Peck, rank from Oct. 14, 1861 ; resigned July 20, 1862. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTH REGT. INF. PENNA. VOLS. 
 Assist.-surg. J. Taylor, rank from May 20, '65 ; must, out with regt. July 11, '65. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTH REGT. PENNA VOLS. 
 (ELEVENTH CAVALRY). 
 Maj. George T. Cornog, pro. from capt. to maj. Sept. 15, 1862 ; honorably dis- 
 charged April 8, 1864. 
 Maj. J. B. McFarlan, pro. from 2d lieut. to lat lieut., then to capt, and on 
 Feb. 17, 1806, to maj. ; appointed brevt. lieut.-col. April 4, 1806 ; must, out 
 with regiment Aug. 13, 1865. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Capt. George T. Cornog, must, in Aug. 19, 1801 : pro, to maj. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 Capt. W. Dewees Roberts, must, in Oct. 19, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut. Oct. 1, 1862 ; 
 
 wonnded and captured at Ream's Station, Va., June 20, 1864 ; died at Peters- 
 burg, Va,, July 9, 1804. 
 Capt, James B. McFarlan, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to 1st sergt. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1862; to 1st lieut. Oct. 1, 1802; to capt, Sept. 24,1864; to maj. 1860. 
 Capt. John W. Ford, mnst. in Aug. 10, 1801 ; pro. to 1st sergt. Oct. 22, 1862; to 
 
 let lieut. Nov. 6, 1864 ; to capt. April 1, 1806 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 
 
 1866 : veteran. 
 1st Lieut. Hilborn Dailington, must, iu Aug. 19, 1801 ; pro. to corp. April 1, 
 
 1803 ; to 1st sergt. Aug. 10, 1864 ; to 2d lieut. Nov. 6, 1864 ; to 1st lieut. April 
 
 1, 1865; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1866; vet. 
 2d Lieut. Henry 0. Brooks, must, iu Aug, 19, 1861 ; res. June 25, 1862. 
 2d Lieut. Samuel L. Monday, must, in Aug. 19, 1801 ; pro. from corp. to let 
 
 sergt. Aug. 11, 1802 ; to 2d lieut. Oct. 1, 1862 ; died at Suffolk, Va., March 
 
 18 of wounds received at Franklin March 17, 1863. 
 
xzii 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 2d Lient. William D. Irwin, must, in Aug. 19, 1S61 ; pro. from corp. to sergt. 
 
 March 1 , 1862 ; to Ist sergt. Oct. 1, 1862 ; to 2d lieut. March 18, 1863 ; disch. 
 
 Oct. 16, 1864, exp. of term. 
 2d Lient. James M. KiggB, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 22, 18G2; to 
 
 sergt. April 1, 1863 ; to 2d lieut. April 1, 1865 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 
 
 13, 1865; veteran. 
 1st Sergt. George D. Gross, must, in Feb. 4, 1862 ; pro. from priv, to sergt. Oct. 
 
 22, 1862 ; to let sergt. Jan. 26, 1863 ; disch. Feb. 3, 1865, exp. of term. 
 1st Sergt. Stephen G. Slike, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 22, 1862 ; 
 
 to sergt. April 26, 1864 ; to 1st sergt. April 1, 1865 ; prisoner from June 29 to 
 
 Dec. 26, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 13, 1865; veteran. 
 1st Sergt. Bicliard McFarlan, mnst. in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro. from corp. to sergt. 
 
 Oct. 22, 1862 ; to 1st sergt. March 2, 1863 ; killed at South Anna River, Va., 
 
 June 26, 1863. 
 Qrmr -sergt. Robert Wanisher, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro. from corp. July 1, 
 
 1864; must, out with regt. Aug. 13, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Com.-sergt. George Robinson, must, in Aug. 19, 186L ; pro. to corp. Oct. 22, 1862 ; 
 
 to com.-sergt. Aug. 16, 1864; wounded at Ream's Station, Va., June 29, ^64. 
 Sergt. Arthur B. Yeager, nmst. in Aug. 19, 1861; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 
 
 1865; veteran. 
 Sergt. John Allen, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro. to corp. June 28, 1863 ; to sergt. 
 
 Sept. 16, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 13, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. Edward Furlong, must, in Ang. 19, 1861; pro. to corp. Juno 10, 1863; to 
 
 sergt. Nov. 6, 1864 ; must, out with corapivny Aug. 13, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. James G. Keech, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; pro. to corp. July 1, 1864; to sergt. 
 
 Feb. 4, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 13, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. Mark R. Lloyd, must, in Oct. 2, 186-1', pro. to corp. April 1, 1865; to sergt. 
 
 Ang, 7, 1865; must, out with company Ang. 13, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Sergt. James E. MuConnell, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; pro. to corp. July 1, 1864; to 
 
 sergt. April 1,-1865; disch. by 6. 0. Aug. 7, 1865; veteran. 
 Sergt. Harlan D. Bigg, must, in Aug. 19, 1861; pro. to corp. Aug. 11, 1862; to 
 
 sergt. Jan. 26, 1863 ; disch. Aug. 16, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Sergt. Edward "Vanosten, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro. to corp. March 1, 1862; 
 
 to sergt. Dec. 20, 1862 ; disch, Aug. 18, 1864, exp. of term, 
 Sergt. Levi B. Todor, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; pro. to corp. March 2, 1862 ; to sergt. 
 
 July 1, 1864; disch. Sept. 9, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Sergt. Benjamin Broomall, mnst. in Oct. 2, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 6, 1861 ; to 
 
 sergt. Aug. 11, 1862; disch, on surg.- cert. Oct. 8, 1862. 
 Sergt. Thomas V. Bailey, must, in Aug. 19,1861 ; pro. to corp. Aug. 19, 1864 
 
 must, out with company Aug 13, 1865; veteran. 
 Corp. Jonathan N. "Worrell, must, in Aug 19, 1861; pro. to corp. Aug. 19, 1864 
 
 must, out with company Aug. 13, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. George W. Sinn, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro. to corp, Aug. 19, 1864 ; must, 
 
 out with company Aug. 13,1866; veteran. 
 Corp. Thomas D. Kerns, must, in Aug. 19,1861; pro. to corp. Aug. 19,1864 
 
 must, out with company Aug. 13, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. John W. Dumall, must, in Feb. 2, 1804 ; pro. to corp. Sept. 10, 1864 ; must. 
 
 out with company Aug. 13, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Coi-p, Edward Rushforth, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 6, 1864 
 
 mnst. out with company Aug. 13, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. John Henry, must, in Sept. 1, 1861 ; wounded at Franklin, Va., March 17, 
 
 1863 ; pro, to corp. Jan, 22, 1864 ; must, out with cOmp. Aug, 13, '65 ; vet. 
 Corp. Bernard Yost, must, in April 1, 1863 ; pro. to coi-p. June 9, 1865 ; must, out 
 
 with company Aug. 13, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Thomas J. Handley, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro. to corp. June 9, 1865 ; 
 
 must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Corp. Robert Townsend, must, in Aug. 16, 1861 ; disch. by G. 0. June 16, 1865. 
 Corp. John D. Guthrie, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro. to bugler Feb. 1, 1864; to 
 
 corp. July 1, 1864 ; disch. Aug. 18, 1864, ex. of term. 
 Corp. George W. Mowday, must, in Sept. 11, 1861; pro. to corp. Oct. 22, 1862; 
 
 disch. Aug. 28, 1864, ex, of term. 
 Corp. Charles Painter, must, in Jan. 22, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Aug, 18, 1864; disch. 
 
 Jan. 21, 1865, ex, of term. 
 Corp. Wm. C. Carpenter, must, in Ang. 19, 1861; disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 8, '62, 
 Blacksmith William Morrison, nmst. in March 15, 1864; pro. to blacksmith 
 
 Sept. 10, 1864; must, out with comp. Ang. 13, 1865. 
 Farrier Samuel D. Ritner, must, in Ang. 19, 1861 ; pro. to farrier May 1, 1863; 
 
 must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1805 ; veteran. 
 Farrier George Thomaa, must, in Aug. 1861 ; pro. to vet. surg. May 4, 1863. 
 Saddler J. H. McCurdy, must, in Aug. 19, 1861; pro. to saddler March 31, 1864; 
 
 must, out with comp. Aug, 13, 1865; veteran. 
 Saddler Owen Butler, must, in Oct. 2, 1861; tr, to Vet. Res. Corps April 1, 1864. 
 Saddler Geo. B. Quinn, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro. to saddle r-sergt. May 4, '63. 
 Bugler Edward P. Rice, must, in Aug. 19, 1861; pro. to bugler July 1, 1864; nmst. 
 
 out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Bugler Jacob H. Storm, must, in Jan. 5, 1364 ; pr. to bugler Fob. 1, 1865 ; must. 
 
 out with comp. Ang. 13, 1865. 
 
 Privates. 
 Ezra Amber, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865 ; vet, 
 Edwin Amber, must, in Dec. 28, 1863; must, out with comp. Aug. 13. 1865; vet. 
 James C. Ayers, must, in Aug. 19, 1861; disch. Aug. 18, 1864, ex. of term. 
 Eli Bronson. must, in Feb. 29, 1864; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Theo. A. Baker, must, in March 2, 1864; mnst. out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Peter Binkley, must, in March 2, 1864; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 John T. Burns, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, '66; vet. 
 David Bowman, must, in Aug. 20,1864; disch. by G. 0. June 16, 1865. 
 
 Elliott Duller, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 18, 1864, ex. of term. 
 Robert Bruce, must, in Aug. 19, 1801; disch. Aug. 18, 1864, ex, of term. 
 George H. Bishop, nmst. in Aug. 19, 1861; prisoner from June 29 to Nov. 23, 
 
 1864; disch. Feb. 11, 1865. 
 Robert Bride, must, in Ang. 19, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. June 3, 1862. 
 Jesse L. Bewley, must, in Feb. 1, 1864. 
 
 Hiram Burt, must, in Mfirch 2, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 James Blake, must, in June 11, 1864; not on muster-out roll. 
 John Compton, must, in Feb. 16, 1864; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 18G5. 
 Samuel Cross,-, must, in Jan. 9, 1864; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865, 
 Gilea Comstock, must, in Feb, 29, 1864; must out with comp. Aug. 13, 1866. 
 Henry Care, must, in Feb. 1, 1804; prisoner from June 29, 1864, to Feb. 17, '65 ; 
 
 must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Jonathan Clemens, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; disch, Aug. 18, 1864, exp, of term. 
 Jonathan- H. Chrisnian, must, in Aug. 19, '61; disch, Aug. 18, 1864, ex. of term. 
 John Care, must, in Aug. 19, 1861; disch. Aug. 18, 1864, expiration of term. 
 Harrison Carson, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 18, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Clement B. Care, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; disch, on surg. cert. June 3, 1862. 
 John Cowan, must, in Aug, 19, 1861; trans, to Vet. Res, Corps Sept, 30, 1863. 
 Geo. E. A. Clarke, must, in Sept. 1, '61 ; trans, to 188th P. V. May 12, 1864; vet. 
 William Click, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; wounded at South Anna River, Va., June 
 
 26, 1863; accidentally wounded June 23, 1864; died at City Point July 30, 
 
 1864; veteran. 
 Edward Coyle. must, in March 16, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 Daniel Dugan, must, in Feb. 29, 1864; must, out with comp. Ang. 13, 1865. 
 Thomas Dugan, must, in Aug. 19, '61 ; must, out with comp. Aug, 13, '65 ; vet. 
 Daniel Day, must, in March 14, 1864; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Wm. S. Dague, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out by G. 0. May 16, 1865. 
 Albau Dedier, must, in Jan. 22, *62; killed at Ream's Station, Va., June 29,.*64. 
 Nath. Dunn, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; killed at Five Forks, Va., April 1, '65 ; vet, 
 Reuben Everett, must, in March 7, 1864; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Matthew ElTrig, must, in Oct. 12, 1864; wounded in action October, 1864; must. 
 
 out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Daniel Edwards, must, in Aug. 19, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 16, 1865. 
 Geo. Englerth, nmst. in Aug. 19, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 16, 1865. 
 Jacob Bppebimer, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 10, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Chris. Fagan, must, in March 16, 1864; must, out with cump. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Joseph Frank, nmst. in Aug. 30, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 16, 1865, 
 Henry B. Foreman, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; disch. Ang. 18, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Isaac W. Ford, must, in Sept. 1, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 31. 1864, exp. of term. 
 John W, Good, must, in April 12, 1865 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1866. 
 Beltbaser Gruber, must, in Oct. 12, 1864 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Franklin A. Guiney, must, in Aug. 28, 1864 ; disch, by G. 0. June 16, 1865. 
 Wm. H. Guie, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; captured at Ream's Station, Va., June 29, 
 
 1864; disch. May 13, 1865. 
 Joseph Hammer, must, in Oct. 12, 1864 ; must, out with comp. Aug, 13, 1865. 
 Jacob Hughes, must, iu Feb. 7, 1864 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 1^, 1865. 
 Henry Henleu, must, in Aug, 19, 1861; prisoner from Oct. 7, 1864, to March 9» 
 
 1865; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, I860 ; veteian. 
 Joseph Hesler, nmst. in March 1, 1864; must, out with comp. Aug. 13,1866. 
 John Hesler, must, in March 1,1864; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 John Ueckman, must, iu March 14, 1864 ; must, out with cump. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Wm. Heckman, must, in March 7, 1864; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1866. 
 John Helgert, must, in Feb. 16, 1864; captured June 2, 1864; must, out with 
 
 comp. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Geo. W. Harlan, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; must, out witii comp. Aug. 13, 1865; vet. 
 John Houck, must, in Aug. 24, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 16, 1865. 
 Nathan Howe, must, in Aug. 17, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 16, 1865. 
 Edward Helfrick, must, in Aug. 2:J, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 16, 1865, 
 Matthias Hock, must, in Sept. 9, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 16, 1866. 
 Owen Hamilton, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 18, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Jacob Hechler, must, iu Aug. 19, 1861 ; disch, Aug. 18, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Lewis E. Hall, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; discfa. Aug. 18, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Torbeit High, must, in Sept. 16, 1862; disch. by G. 0. June 16, 1866. 
 N, Hawk, must, in March 7, 1864 ; killed at Ream's Station, Va., June 29, 1864, 
 Joseph Hughes, must, in Feb. 1, 1864 ; captured at Ream's Station, Va., June 29, 
 
 1864; died in Andorsonville, Ga.,gept. 2, 1864; grave 7665. 
 Andrew Irwin, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, '65 ; vet. 
 James Ingram, must, in Aug 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 16, 1865. 
 Adam C. Irwin, must, in Aug. 19, 1861; wounded at Cold Harbor, Va., June 6, 
 
 1864 ; disch. Aug. 23, 1864, expiration of term. 
 John Jymison, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; killed at Ream's Station, Va., Aug. 25, 
 
 1864; buried in Poplar Grove Cem., Petersburg, Va. ; veteran. 
 Wm. B. Jones, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; captured in action Oct. 7, 1864 ; died in 
 
 Andersonville, Ga., Dec. 9, 1864, of wounds received while attempting to 
 
 escape j burial record, died at Salisbury, N. C, Dec. 1, 1864 ; veteran. 
 John Johnson, mnst. in Sept, 17, 1862; prisoner from June 29, to Nov. 26 1864 ■ 
 
 died at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 10, 1864. 
 Patrick Jones, must, in March 24, 1864; not on muster-out toll. 
 Chas. H. Kenning, must, in Aug. 19, '61 ; must, out with comp. Ang. 13, '65; vet. 
 Howard Kingle, must, in Aug. 19, 1861; disch. Ang. 18, 1864, exp, of term! 
 Israel Kennedy, must, in Aug 19, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. June 28,1863. 
 John Kelly, must, in Feb. 13, 1864. 
 
 James W. Lowe, must, in Aug. 22, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 16, 1865. 
 Robert Long, must, in Aug. 25, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 16, 1866. 
 Thompson Lawrence, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 18, 1864, exp. of term 
 Jacob P. Leslie, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 18, 18C4, exp. of term. 
 
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 XXllI 
 
 John B. Liuderman, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; not on rauBtei'-out roll. 
 
 Jnnies P. Morgan, ninst. in Sept. 1, 1861 ; wounded in action Miiicli 17, 1863, 
 
 and Aug. 27, 1864, with loss of leg ; niuet. out with conip. Aug. 13, '66 ; vet. 
 John P. Myers, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; absent at mufltor out; veteran. 
 James E. Mitchell, must, in March 12, 1864 ; accidentally wounded June 16, '64 ; 
 
 absent in hospital at mmter out. 
 John C. Mowdoy, must, in Feb. 29, '64; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, '65 • vet. 
 Samuel Mimm, must, in Aug. 20, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 10, 1805. 
 John Morris, must, in Aug. 22, 1804 ; disch. by G. 0. May 16, 1865. 
 Isaac Mimni, must, in Sept. 1, 1804 ; disch. by G. 0. May 16, 1865. 
 Elijah H. Mahlou, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 18, 1864, cxp. of term. 
 Henry Murry, must, in Aug. 19, 1801 ; disch. Aug. 18, 1864, exp. of term. 
 Wm. H. Mitchell, must, in Aug. 19, 1801 ; disch. Aug. 18, 1804, c.\p. of term. 
 Amos T. Moigan, must, in Teh. 22, 1863 j tians. to 1st Ya. Vols. Jan 12 1805- 
 
 disch. by G. O. Sept. 28, 1805. ' ' 
 
 Charles H. Morgan, must, in Aug. 19, 1801 ; died at Point of Kocks, Ya., Not. 
 
 7, of wounds received in action Oct. 7, 1804 ; veteran. 
 John n. Miller, must, in March 2, 1864 ; died at Qty Point, Ya., Aug. 22, 1804; 
 
 buried iu Cavalry Corps Cemetery. 
 I. M. Milligan, must, in Feb. 25, '04; died at Williamsburg, Ya., March 29, '04. 
 Washington Mimm, must, fti Feb. 16, 1864 ; died at Hampton, Ya,, July 21, '64. 
 Eliaa McCachran, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 18, 1804, exp. of term. 
 Wm. McBiido, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; disch. on snrg. cert. Nov. 24, 1803. 
 Bi-auuan McChalicer, must, in Aug. 19, '61 ; died at Baltimore, Md.', July 0, '62. 
 Samuel H. Neely, must iu Aug. 26, 1864; not on muster-out roll. 
 Luke Oxuer, must, in March 12, 1864 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Samuel Palmer, must, iu Aug. 30, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 10, 1805.' 
 Cyras Painter, must, in Aug. 19, 1801 ; disch. Aug. 18, 1804, expiiatiun of term. 
 Edward Parlaman, must, iu Aug. 19, 1861; disch. on surg. cert., date unknown. 
 Geo. W. Eice, must, in Aug. 19, 1801 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, '05 ; vet. 
 Charles W. Kowe, must, in Feb. 16, 1864; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 John Reed, must, in Feb. 1, 1664 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 David Beifsnyder, must, in Aug. 12, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 16, 1865. 
 Geo. D. Kishnell, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 16, 1866. 
 Samuel Kishnell, must, in Aug. 29, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 16, 1866. 
 Henry H. Kishnell, must, in Aug. 29, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 10, 1865. 
 Kicharxl Kobinson, must, in Aug. 19, 1S61 ; disch. Aug. 18, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 W. Seiverd, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; must, out with comp. Aug, 18, 1865 ; vet. 
 Samuel Seiverd, must in .\ug. 19, 1861 ; prisoner from June 29, 1864, to March 
 
 24, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 13, 1865 ; vetei'an. 
 Joseph Steele, must, in March 12, 1864; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1866. 
 B. Simpson, must, in Aug. 19, 1864; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1806; vet. 
 Theodore Smith, must, in Aug. 28, 1804 ; must, out with comp. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Philip Shock, must, iu March 7, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 13, 1805. 
 William W. Shaw, must, in Aug. 17, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 16, 1866. 
 John Spotts, must in Aug. 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 16, 1866. 
 George M. Spotts, must, in Aug. 29, 1804 ; disch. by G. 0. June 16, 1866. 
 Samuel U. Sides, must, in March 22, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 3, 1865. 
 David Slike, must, in Jan. 30, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 17, 1865. 
 Beuben Serfass, must, iu March 7, 1864; prisoner from July 2, 1804, to Feb. 27, 
 
 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 27, 1866. 
 John Shuffenberger, must, in Aug. 19, 1801 ; wounded at Ream's Station, Ya., 
 
 June 29, 1864 ; disch. Sept. 9, 1864, at expiration of term. 
 Jackson Sweeten, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 7, 1864, at exp. of term. 
 Isaac Wilkinson, must, in Aug. 19, 1861; killed at Ream's Station, Ya., June 
 
 29, 1804 ; veteran. 
 Biram Scott, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 28, 1863. 
 C M. Yost, must, in April 12, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 13, 1805. 
 Thomas J. Ziegenfuss, must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; trans, to Co. I Oct. 26, 1804.. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 Capt. William Bailey, pro. from 2d lieut. to 1st lieut. Sept. 1, 1862 ; to capt. Feb. 
 17, 1863; killed in action at Ream's Station, Ya., June 29, 1864. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND NINTH REGT. INF. PENN. VOLS. 
 Col. Henry J. Stainbrook, must, in Nov. 8, 1801 ; killed in action at Chancel- 
 
 lorsville, Ya, May 3, 1863. 
 Asst-surg. William H. Matlack, rank from Dec. 10, 1861; res. May 27, 1862. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH RB6T. INF. PENN. VOLS. 
 Lieut.-CoL Enoch E. lewis, must, in April 23, 1864; hon. dis. Jan. 11, 1805. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 Capt. Daniel V. Snyder, pro. from 2d lieut. on Sept. 23, 1802, to captain ; hon- 
 orably discharged Aug. 21, 1863. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 Surg. D. H. Strickland, appointed aast. surg. March 17, 1863 ; pro. to surg. April 
 27, 1865 ; must, out with regt. July 19, 1865. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND TWELFTH REGIMENT (SECOND AR- 
 TILLERY) PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 Aesi-surg. L. R. Kirk, rank from Junei 11, '63 ; pro. to surg. of 26th P. V. Oct. 
 16, 1804. 
 
 COMPANY 0. 
 2d Lieut. Jacob McElhanoy, rank from Sept. 10, 1804 ; must, out with comp. as 
 Ist sergt. Jan. 29, 1806. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 1st Lieut. Stephen H. Witt, rank from Nov. 28, 1864 ; res. June 24, 1865. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH REGIMENT PENNSYL- 
 VANIA VOLUNTEERS (TWELFTH CAVALRY). 
 COMPANY E. 
 1st Lieut. Charles H. Babb, rank from April 9, 1804; res. Jan. 1, 1865. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH INFANTRY REGIMENT, 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 Surg. W. R. Blakeslee, rank from Nov. 14, 1801 j disch. March 7, 1863. 
 
 , ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 
 PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 COMPANY A. 
 Capt. S. G. Willaner, ranked from March 1, 1863; hon. dis. Feb. 5, 1864. 
 2d Lieut. George Eoeder, ranked from March 1, 1803 ; diach. Oct. 28, 1863. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 Capt. Henry D. Price, rank from April 8, 1804 ; killed in action before Petersburg, 
 
 Ya., Oct. 27, 1864. 
 2d Lieut. John B. Parker, rank from Aug. 26, 1862 ; resigned March 21, 1863. 
 2d Lieut. Abraham Detwiier, rank from Aug. 12, 1863 ; pro. to Ist lieut. April 8, 
 
 1804 ; hon. dis. as 2d lieut. Dec. 2U, 1804. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 2d Lieut. William H. Bibighaus, rank from Mai-ch 1, 1863 ; died at Washington, 
 V. C, Aug. 25, 1803, of disease. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH REGIMENT (THIRTEENTH 
 
 CAVALRY) PENNS'YLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 Asst.-surg. Nathan J. Nyce, rank from March 25, 1865 ; must, out with regt. 
 July 14, 1806. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT IN- 
 FANTRY (NINE MONTHS' SERVICE). 
 
 Staf and Field Q^cerefrom Cheater Covnty. 
 Col. Joseph W. Hawley, must, in Aug. 16, 1802 ; pro. from capt. of Co. A Aug. 
 
 10, 1802 ; must, out with regiment May 17, 1863. 
 Lieut.-Col. William B, Waddell, must, in Aug. 18, 1862 ; res. Sept. 1862. 
 Adjt. J. Carpenter Worth, must, iu Aug. 13, 1862 ; pro. from 1st lieut. of Co. 
 
 Aug. 23, 1862 ; must, out with regiment May 17, 1863. 
 Qrmr. W. T. Haines, must, in Aug, 20, ,1862 ; resigned October, 1802. 
 Qrmr. George Malin, Jr., must in Aug. 8, 1862 ; pro. from corp. Co. A Oct. 30, 
 
 1862; must, out with regiment May 17, 1863. 
 Chaplain Joseph S. Evans, must, in Sept. 1.3, 1862 ; resigned Jan. 9, 1863. 
 Sergt.-moj. John Haines Long, must, in Aug. II, 1862; pro. from sergt. Co. F 
 
 Aug. 26, 1862 ; must, out with regiment May 17, 1863. 
 Qnnr.-sergt. Jesse Taggart, must, in Aug. 12, 1862 ; pro. from sergt. of Co. G 
 
 Aug. 26, 1862; must, out with regiment May 17, 1863. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 (The oflHcers and men were mostly mustered in on Aug. 8, 1862,— some few on 
 the 12th and 13th, — and the company was mustered out May 17, 1863.) 
 Capt. Joseph W. Hawley, pro. to col. Aug. 16, 1862. 
 Capt. Allan M. Davis, pro. from 1st lieut. Aug. 16, 1802 ;• disch. on surg. cert. 
 
 Feb. 17, 1803. 
 Capt. Chas. W. Roberts, prom. 2d to 1st lieut. Aug. 10, 1802 ; to capt. Feb. 17, '63. 
 Ist Lieut. Samuel G. Smith, pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut Oct 28, 1802 ; to 1st 
 
 lieut Feb. 17, 1863. 
 2d Lieut. John A. Groff, pro. from sergt to let sergt. Oct 20, 1862 ; to 2d lieut. 
 
 Feb. 17, 1863. 
 2d Lieut. Isaac Finch, pro. from sergt. Aug. 10, 1862; died Oct. 20, 1862, of 
 
 wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. 
 1st Sergt John M. Windle, pro. from sergt Feb. 17, 1863. 
 Sergt Edward White. 
 
 Sergt John J. Glisson, pro. from corp. Aug. 16, 1862. 
 Sergt Joseph N. Woodward, pro. from corp. Oct 20, 1862. 
 Sergt. David H.Steiler, pro. from corp. Feb. 17, 1803. 
 Corp. Joseph Davis. 
 Corp. Henry B. Wynn. 
 
 Corp. Wm. S. Wetherell, pro. to corp. Oct. 20, 1802. 
 Corp. Albanos H. Bicking, pro. to corp. Oct. 30, 1862. 
 Corp. Jacob H. Way, pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1803. 
 Corp. Powell Bailey, pro. to corp. Feb. 17, 1863. 
 Corp. Richard F. Hill, pro. to corp. Fob. 17, 1863. 
 Corp. Samuel B. Smiley, pro. to corp. Feb. 17, 1803. 
 Corp. Wm. K. Thomas, disch. on surg. cert Dec. 15, 1862. 
 Corp David S. Wilkinson, disch. on surg. cert Nov. 15, 1862. 
 Corp. Geo. Malin, Jr., pro. to qrmr. Oct 30, 1802. 
 Musician Bingold Carman. 
 
XXIV 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 PriofUee. 
 
 James Artes, Wm. H. Baily, Wm. H. Bontley, EU H. Baldwin, Samuel Byers, 
 
 Harman G. Bond. 
 Towneend Brown, diach, on surg. cert. March 31, 1863. 
 John F. Chambers, John L. Carman, Wm. H. Collier. 
 
 Hosea A. Collier, died Oct. 22, of wounds received at Antietam, Sei)t. 17, 1862. 
 Edward G. Davis, Wesiey Darnell, Wm. Epright, Samuel B. Emory, Kufus D. 
 
 Ford, Lewis Farra. 
 Daniel H. Faust, absent, sick, at muster out. 
 Cireorge Farren, disch. on surg. cert. March 13, 1863. 
 Evan Griffith, wounded Jan. 10, 1863; absent in hospital at muster out. 
 Andrew J. Gill. 
 
 Wilmer W. Glisson, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 18, 1862. 
 Bernard Hawley, Alex. Hendei-son, Edward B. Hawley, Edwin Heck, W. H. 
 
 Harp, John Hoober, Lewis R, Hall, Charles 0. Hill, Morgan Hartman, 
 
 Joseph Hughes, John F. Jester, Edwin B. John. 
 William H. Johnson, died at Harper's Ferry, Oct. 2, 1862. 
 John Jones. 
 Henry M. Kamerer, F. H. Lamborn, Kobert 0. Law, John L. Lloyd, Joseph E. 
 
 Morris, John Morgan, Alfred Mullen. 
 Joseph W. Mercer, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; absent in hospital 
 
 at muster out. 
 Lewis R. Nichols, Charles D. Patterson, John E.. Pratt, Roland M. Peart, Joseph 
 
 T.Pearce, Wm. H. H. Pearce, Wm. B. Pickhaver. 
 M. H. Piiikerton, died at Aquia Creek, Va., April, 1863. 
 Thomas Rambo, Samuel B. Reynolds, Chas. P. Rushton. 
 Wm. L. Rodenbaugh, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 20, 1862. 
 Leonard V. Rickford, Jacob S. Stott, Wm. Stamp, James Speakman, Canby S. 
 
 Steele, Geo. J. Steitler, Wm. D. Steitler, John Sullivan, Edward Strong. 
 Acker Smith, disch. on surg. cert. March 9, 1863. 
 
 Samuel R. Thorn, missing in action at Ohaucellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863, 
 Geo. W. Tyson, Henry B. Thompson. 
 Charles W. Treen, absent in hospital at muster out, 
 Edwin F. Terry. 
 Jonathan Valentine, died Oct. 20 of wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 
 
 17, 1862. 
 Plumer E. Walker, William G. Wilson. 
 John W. Walker, absent in hospital at muster out. 
 William H, Wagner, John Yoder. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 (The men were mustered in Aug, 11, 1862 {save six on the 9th), and the officers 
 on the 13th and 23d; company must, out May 17, 1863.) 
 Capt, James B. Whitcratt. 
 
 Ist Lieut. J. Carpenter Worth, pro. to adjt, Aug. 23,1862. 
 Ist Lieut. Wm. 0. Dickey, pro. from 2d lieut. Aug. 23, 1862. 
 2d Lieut. Levi Crowl, 1st Sergt, J. Frank Bowman. 
 
 Sergts. Francis P. Andrews, Jacob Z. Webb, George G. Taylor, John M. Bhoads. 
 Dorps. Samuel B. Walton, James H, Broomell, Charles H. Wilson, Thomas Dil- 
 
 worth, John A.Smith. 
 Dorp. John M. Irvin, pro. May 6, 1863. 
 Dorp. Wm. A. Fleming. 
 Bdrp. John T. Broadway, pro. May 6, 1863. 
 Corp. Thomas W. Eiday, disch. on surg. cert. April 10, 1863. 
 Dorp. Eli Gatchell, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. 
 Musicians H. W. Livingstone, Beverly J. Gause. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Fames C. Aiken, Thomas Bowers, Joshua M. Booth, T. J. Benderman, Geo. F. 
 Bayard, Thomas Brown, Wm. 0. Broomell, Geo. L. Baker. 
 
 Wm. Bates, disuh. on surg. cert. Dec. 12, 1862. 
 
 Tohu M. Brown, disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 1, 1863. 
 
 Samuel Coates, Richard F. Cowan, Amos Cole, Thomas L. Cooper, Geo. F. Cork- 
 adale, Henry Crossley, Lewis R, Cooper, Kobt. H. Campbell, John C. Camp- 
 bell, Thos. W. Cuminis, Wm. B, Craig, Samuel W, Cresswell, Joseph Cole- 
 man, Lewis G. Deever, Samuel H. Dickey, Richard B. Dilworth, James R, 
 Fuller, James Ford, Daniel Garrety, Samuel H. Garver, Joel S. Greenfield, 
 John H. Greenfield, Ebenezer T. Gyles, Gibbons Hayes, Joshua Hughes. 
 
 jaleb P. Hardee, disch. on surg. cert, Jan. 10, 1863. 
 
 ft^illiam Iford, died at Washington, D. C, Sept. 21, 1862 ; buried in Military 
 Asylum Cemetery. 
 
 iVilliam Jones, David E. Kirk, Amos Kennedy, James Lynch, Jr., John A. Luke, 
 Henry H. Law, John B. Missimer, John H. Mershon, David McDonald, 
 Samuel H. McCarter, W. R. McCullough, Richard McDonald, Thos. M, 
 Fadien, James H. McClurg, Daniel II. McClui'g, Corn. McLaughlin, John T. 
 Mclntire, Allen M'Clean. 
 
 'ohn P. Mclntyre, John K. Newell, Townsend Pugh, William Pearson, David 
 T. Pearson, Wm. H. Price, Allen Powell, John A. Rupert, Charles H. Rig- 
 don, Alex. Robinson, George W. Reyburn. 
 
 •eter C. Bigg, died in Washington, D. C, Feb. 1, 1863 ; buried in Military Asy- 
 lum Cemetery. 
 
 Iharles J. Spear, Joseph M. Showalter. 
 
 ohn L. Taylor, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 4, 1862. 
 
 V. H, Worth, Robert G. Woodside, Bernard Winger, Alfred Webster, James 
 Williamson. 
 
 amuel Walker, wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; absent at 
 muster out. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 (The officers and men were mustered in Aug. 12, 1862, and mustered out May 
 16, 1863, except when otherwise specified.) 
 Capt. Edwin Otley, disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 31, 1862. 
 Capt. Richard D. Townsend, pro. from 2d lieut. to 1st lieut, Sept. 15, 1862 ; to 
 
 capt. Oct. 31, 1862. 
 1st Lieut. William Lynch, disch. on surg. cert. Sept. 15, 1862. 
 Ist Lieut. JoKiah Burnett, pro, from Ist sergt. to 2d lieut. Oct. 17, 1862; to 1st 
 
 lieut. Oct. 31, 1862, 
 2d Lieut. Thomas J. Townsend, pro. from sergt, to 1st sergt. Oct. 17, 1862 ; to 2d 
 
 lieut. Oct. 31, 1862. 
 1st Sergt. Wm. H. Burns, pro. from sergt. Oct. 31, 1862. 
 
 Samuel J, Thompson, Wm. Rodgers. 
 
 Wm, Otley, pro. from corp. Oct, 16, 1862; wounded at ChancellorsTille, Va., May 
 
 3, 1863; absent at muster out. 
 William Keech, pro, from corp. Oct. 13, 1862. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 David K, Pierce, Franklin Frame, John G. Hoopes^William Moulder, William 
 Auld. 
 
 George F. Baily, pro. to corp, Oct, 17, 1862. 
 
 Thomas W, Taylor, pro. to corp. Oct. 31, 1862. 
 
 Andrew Johnson, pro. to corp. Oct. 31, 1862. 
 
 Musician Thomas S. Foster. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Joseph Barton, James Benner, Moses M. Brown, Palmer Chamberlain, Elias W. 
 Copeland, David Cox, Thomas Conway, Clement Cooper, Wm. Cunningham, 
 Henry M. Davis, Charles H, Dilworth, Michael Dugan, John J. Epright, 
 
 James Entriken, died at Washington, D. C, March 1, 1863, 
 
 John W, Ferrell, Peter Ford, George B. Foreman, Isaac T. Frame. 
 
 George D. Farra, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 9, 1862. 
 
 Gibbons Frame, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 9, 1862. 
 
 Ezekiel R. Griffith, Fernando J. Griffith, Joseph Gertley. 
 
 Jesse Greenfield, died at Alexandria, Va., Jan. 25, 1803. 
 
 Isaac L. Harvey, Joseph W. Hall. 
 
 Joseph Hampton, absent, sick, at muster out. 
 
 Wm. H. Hiinna, Thomas R. Hoffman, Edward T. Harlan, Nathaniel Howarth, 
 
 Isaac Henthorne, died at Alexandria, Va., Dec. 20, 1863. 
 
 Frederick Ingram, Vincent Jester, William Jefierson, S. S. Johnson, Charles S. 
 Kearns, Charles H. Kitzelman. 
 
 Temple King, died at Harper's Ferry Nov. 29, 1862. 
 
 James Mealey, Thomas B. Mercer, William Mercer, Clark Mendenhall, Emmor 
 Miles, David Moulder. 
 
 Peter Marion, diach. on surg. cert. Jan. 25, 1863. 
 
 John Mullen, Fra,nkliu McFall, Charles McCullough. 
 
 Jacob E. McFadden, missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. 
 
 Jesse K. McNelly.- 
 
 Joseph McFaddeu, missing in action at Antietam, Md., Sept, 17, 1862. 
 
 Jonathan Pierce, Daniel McCouaughy, Bayard B.Nethery, James O'Neil, Frasier 
 Patterson, Oliver B. Patterson, Jones R. Passmore, Joseph Rox, William H. 
 Rumer. 
 
 Jehu Roberts, disch. on surg, cert, Jan. 13, 1803, 
 
 James Robb, Valentine Sourmilk, Samuel Starr, Emmor L. Tallcy, Henry Thorn, 
 George M. ThompsoS, William Townsend, Fi'ancis Tucker. 
 
 Joseph B. Taylor, disch. on surg. cert. March 9, 1863. 
 
 Chalkley Taylor, died at Stafford C.-H., Va., Feb, 28, 1863. 
 
 Levi Vincent, John G. Whitcraft, Henry Williams, Taylor Windle, James Wil- 
 son, Morris Williamson, Pyle Woodward. 
 
 Joseph Worth, disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 29, 1863. 
 
 C. C. Williamson, Isaac Young. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 (The officers, save one, were mustered in Aug, 13, 1862, and all membera of the 
 company were mustered out May 16, 186:J, save when otherwise designated.) 
 Capt. Frank Crosby, disch. Sept. 24, 1862. 
 Capt. James A. Eicholtz, pro. from 1st lieut. Sept. 24, 1862. 
 Ist Lieut. William D. Christmau, pro. from 2d lieut. Sept, 24, 1862, 
 2d Lieut. W. H. Whitehead, pro. from 1st sergt. Sept. 24, 1862. 
 1st Sergt Stephen Blatchford, pro. from sergt, Sept. 24, 1862, 
 Sergt. George R. Maxton, pro. from corp. Sept. 24, 1862. 
 Sergt. James Keech, pro. from corp. Sept. 24, 1862. 
 Sergt. John Brooke, pro, from corp. Sept. 24, 1862. 
 Sergt. Wm. W. Potts, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; disch. on surg 
 
 cert. Feb. 10, 1863. 
 Sergt. J. Haines Long, pro. to sergt.-mnj. Aug. 25, 1862. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Patrick Berigen, William P. Stephenson, Thomas T. Smith, William Williams. 
 Richard Mercer, wounded and missing at Chancellorsville, Va., May 2 1863. 
 Reuben M. Mercer, Joseph P. Way, J. Albert Milner. 
 Joseph Maitland, disch. on surg. cert. Sept. 24, 1862. 
 Musician Joseph W. Martin. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Joseph F. Allison, John Bedlow, Mifflin W. Bailey, Reese W, Builey, John S. 
 Baldwin. 
 
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 XXV 
 
 ■Willinm H. Baltiin, absent, sick nt mnsttv out. 
 
 Andrew H. Beatty, Mahlon Bernboo, Robert Bride, Abraham Brubaker, Cyrus 
 
 J. Burnett, William H. Bush. 
 Ingran P. Bloom, absent, sick, at muster out. 
 James Bennett, disch. Feb. 20, 1863. 
 John J. Chalfant, Charles Daller, Thomas P. Dowlin, Allen Evans, K. E. Eaven- 
 
 son. Christian Fritz, William H. Guest, Peter Gamble, Joseph H. Hall, 
 
 Henry Hoffecker, David F. Houston, Joseph Hood, John Hopkins, Ben.i. R. 
 
 Hutton, Alban Ingram, Caleb S. James, Charles P. Keech, John W. Kem- 
 
 ble, Michael Leech. 
 James Love, absent, sick, at muster out. 
 Michael Lakay, Michael Longhram, David Laird, Lewis T. Milllgan, David 
 
 Moore, John W. Mai-shall, Evan A. Mercer, Townsend A. Mercer, Wills F. 
 
 Mercer, J. Walton Martin, John Meyere. 
 Hamilton Monaghan, died at Frederick, Md., March 11,1863, of wounds received 
 
 at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1SC2. 
 Patrick McClintock, Hugh Pagan, Samuel Penniger, A. F. Pennypacker, Robt. 
 
 H. Parker, Henry Potter, Issacher Price, Wm. H. Potter, George Quinter, 
 
 William Keed, Peter Root, Thomaa Bamstine, Abram Rambo, John 
 
 Butherfurd, William H. Kennard. 
 Charles Roxborough, died at Frederick, Md., Sept. 22, 1862. 
 William Siverd, Frank C. Smith, George B. Simmons, William G. Springer, John 
 
 Thomas, Wm. Vandever, James Wack, Benjamin B. Wack, Cbas. Weigles, 
 
 Napoleon B. Warner, Henry C. Warner, John W. White, David 0. Windle, 
 
 William Tocum. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 (The company was all mustered in Aug. 12, 1862, save the capt. and 2d Kent. 
 on the 17th, and the men were uU mustered out aa a company on May 16, 1863, 
 except when otherwitie stated.) 
 
 Capt. Edward F. James, 1st Lieut. Philip D. Haines, 2d Lieut. William S. Able, 
 1st Sergt. John H. Nay lor. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Joseph N. Marshall, pro. from corp. Aug. 25, 1862. 
 Henry J. Stager, Charles J. Murray, MarUly Davis. 
 Jesse Taggart, pro. to qrmr -sergt. Aug. 25, 1862. 
 
 Corporale. 
 John W. Crothfers, Alfred Brinton, Samuel Naylor, Jacob E. James, G. B. Under- 
 wood, Evan E, Underwood. 
 Lorenzo D. Farra, pro. to corp. Aug. 25, 1862. 
 Isaac N. Evans, pro. to Corp. Aug. 25, 1862. 
 
 Musicians. 
 Ellis W. Ford. 
 Wm. H. H. Smith, died at Aquia Creek, Va., April 10, 1863. 
 
 Pi-ivates. 
 
 William H. H. Addleman, Collins Boyer, Bird L. Baldwin, William P. Baldwin, 
 Wayne M. Bishop. 
 
 George W. Brenckinridge, died at Washington, D. C, April 25, 18G3; burial 
 record, April 21, 1863 ; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery. 
 
 Thomas Brinton, disch. on surg. cert. April 1, 1863. 
 
 Robert H. Brosius, died at Penningtonville.Pa., March 19,1863. 
 
 Jesse Bnelley, Thomas Collins, Nelson Carver, Mordecai J. Coole, Henry Case. 
 
 George M. Connor, missing in actinn at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. 
 
 Samuel L. Dilliuger, Thomas Daily, John Daily, Raymond Forbes, Charles W. 
 Frailey, Jefferson Guinney, William Grier, Franklin Guinney. 
 
 Morgan Gordon, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 11, 1862. 
 
 Philip Holmes, William H. HouCft, Daniel Holmes, Cornelius Harrington, Jacob 
 Hughes, John B. Ingram, James H. Ingram, Sandford Irwin, Bethel V. Jar- 
 dine, Edward B. Jester. 
 
 Amos C. Jardine, died Sept. 24, of wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62. 
 
 George Kaiser, Samuel B. Kent, Enos Keeley, Joseph Kerr, George Lawrence, 
 JoB.E. Lammey, Kobert W. Long, Thos. R. Mills, John Mills, Jos. Mercer. 
 
 Edward N. Martin, died at Washington May 8, 1863 ; buried in Military Asylum 
 Cemetery. 
 
 William Mendenhall, Jacob McBlhaney, James McElhaney, Amos W. McCue. 
 
 Howard McCaflerty, disch on surg. cert. April 20, 1863. 
 
 Enos Newbrough, Harvey 0. Nields, Webb Nields, Henry O'Niel, William 0. 
 O'Niel, Edwin Pierce, Levi B. Pawling, Samuel S. Peace. 
 
 John Powers, missing in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. 
 
 Robert Root, Samuel B. Reese, James Roke, Hugh P. Russell, William M. Stanley, 
 William M. Scott, John H. Sullivan, Norris Smith, C. G. Starkweather, 
 Benjamin G. Sinn, John Stern, Thomas Sassaraan, K. Tbornburg, B. W. 
 Townsend, J. Underwood, Jr., Henry M. Worth, William D. Webster, John 
 Wilson, John Wright, D. P. Woodward, David S. Wright, Wilmer Woods. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 (This company was all mustered in Aug. 13, 1862, save the captain, Mth, and 
 2d lieut., Feb. 2, 1863, and was must, out May 16, 1863, except when otherwise 
 specified.) 
 
 Capt. William M. Hiokson, Ist Lieut. William V. Strickland, 2d Lieut. William 
 S. Snare, Ist Sergt. W. J. Ilingworth. 
 
 GorporalB. 
 Joseph B. Strickland, pro. to Corp. Sept. 27, 1862. 
 Jonah B. Gnthrie, Arnold M. Nichols. 
 Williiim B. T. Boggs, pro. to corp. Nov 20, 1862. 
 Thomas M. Jefforis, pro. to corp. Nov. 20, 1862. 
 Joseph B. Hinkson. 
 
 John G. Beed, killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1863. 
 David P. Carutbeis. 
 Musician Edward D. Watkins. 
 
 Privates. 
 Alexander Thompson. 
 
 John Arnold, died Nov. 3, of wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. 
 
 Benjamin H. Bailey, George W. Baldwin, Joseph B. Baldwin, Robert Coohran> 
 
 Christopher Cramer, James Cook, George M. Connor, George W. Dowell, 
 
 Lewis Donlej', Bernard DiifTy. 
 William Doyle, disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 26, 1863. 
 Christian Fidler, Nicholas Garrigaii, Coleman Hoopea, Moses T. Hoopes, William 
 
 Hampton, James Hughes, William A. Hinkson, Alfred Holton, Jesse Helton. 
 John G. Keating, died at Stafford Court-house, Va., March 20, 1863. 
 John Kennedy, Lewis T. Johnson, Benjamin Jenkins. 
 James W. Moore, disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 5, 1863. 
 Daniel Murphy, died at Stafford Court-house, Va., Feb. 9, 1863. 
 Edward L. McClnen, James McLane, Owen McCabe, Samuel McBride. . 
 Patrick McMullln, disch. on surg. cert. March 20, L863. 
 George Naylor, Franklin Penuell. 
 Henry W. Pyle, disch., date unknown. 
 Matthew C. Beed, Enos W. Boss, Isaac W. Rigg, Lewis Bupp, Wilmer Reynolds, 
 
 William Simcox, Jacob H. Stineback, Samuel C. Smith, Michael Swenoy, 
 
 Humphrey Y. Taylor, Nathan Y. Taylor, Joseph W. Tliomaa. 
 Joseph Underwood, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. 
 George W. White, Jac. H. Woodward, Charles L. Wilson, Oheyney J. Watkins. 
 William Wickersham, disch. on snrg. cert. Feb. 5, 1863. 
 Charles T. Worrall, died at Maryland Heights, Md., Oct. 10, 1862. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 (This company was must, in Aug. 14, 1862, save the capt., 1st lieut., and 2d 
 lieut., respectively on the 20th, 10th, and 8th, and was must, out May 17, 1863, 
 except when otherwise designated.) 
 
 Capt. William W. Stott, 1st Lieut. George E. Newlin, 2d Lieut. Henry 0. Wells, 
 1st Sergt. David H. Fleming. 
 
 Henry 0. Wilson, Henry C. Valentine, Alfred Fairlamb. 
 Coleman Wynn, pro. from corp. Oct. 1, 1862. 
 D 
 
 William S. Walker, Lewis Wilson, Edward C. Bennett. 
 William A. Bair, pro. to corp. Oct. 25, 1862 ; pro. to sergt. 
 William W. Bair, disch. on surg. cert. Sept. 5, 1862. 
 
 Corporals, 
 
 Augustine Birdsell, pro. to corp. Sept. 1. 
 
 Adam J. Keese, John H. Baily, Henry C. Eby, Samuel F. Kennedy, Henry S. 
 
 Barnes. 
 Harrison Rennard, pro. to corp. Nov. 30, 1862. 
 John 0. Boice, disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 13, 1863. 
 John B. Taggert, died at Harper's Ferry, Va., Nov. 30, 1802. 
 
 PnvalcB. 
 David F. Ahn, John Q. Adams, Enos C. Baker, John H. Bair, Solomon Brngan, 
 
 John G. Bnlack, Jacob Burkehizer, Joshua M. Bentley, Jesse Bird, J. F. 
 
 Cunningham, Samuel P. Connor, George W. Channell. 
 Henry E. Cornog, disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 12, 1863. 
 
 W. H. H. Biitriken, Jaa. Foster, Jno. W. Finney, Sam'l B. Fish, Thos. V. Fox. 
 Joseph C. Freel, disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 13, 1863. 
 Wm. H. H. Freed, died at Washington, D. C, Oct. 2, 1862 ; buried in Military 
 
 Asylum Cemetery. 
 John T. Garrett, Thomas J. Gilmoro, David E. Gordon, David Garrett, Bruner 
 
 Greenleaf, Albert Hilton, William Harkina, John W. Holstein, William 
 
 Hacket, George Harkins. 
 John Haydon, disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 14, 1863. 
 
 James Ingram, John Judge, Joseph M. Kimble, John W. Kennedy, Wm. Kane. 
 Clarkson Lukens, missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. 
 Charles Lukens, absent in hospital at muster out. 
 Christopher Lawrence, Samuel Little. 
 John Lamping, absent in hospital at muster out. 
 Charles Lucas, Marshall Lamborn, W. W. Lancaster. 
 Isaiah Ludwick, died at Harper's Ferry, Va., Dec. 6, 1262. 
 Smith A. Milligan, William S. Miller, Milton McFadden, Andrew Northamer, 
 
 John A. Nicholson. 
 Elisha H. Newlin, disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 16, 1863. 
 George L. Osborn, Joshua Pyle, Isaac Petere. 
 William H. Paiste, died Sept. 30, of wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 
 
 1862 ; buried in National Cemetery, section 26, lot F, grave 666. 
 James Bay, Henry H. Begister, George W. Bicker. 
 Jndson Keese, not on muster-out roll. 
 
 .Joseph J. Stroud, Joshua J. Stroud, William P. Shaw, B. Frank Sharp. 
 George W. Shoemaker, disch. on snrg. cert. Feb. 7, 1863. 
 William H. Smith, disch. on surg. cert. March 26, 1863. 
 William Shaw, died at Maryland Heights, Md., Nov. 30, 1862. 
 John W. Stroud, died at Harper's Ferry, Va., Dec. 7, 1862. 
 Ellis P. Woo'dward, William D. Wilkinson, Jesse' Walters, James B. Walton, 
 
 Andrew Yoder 
 
XXVI 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTIETH REGT. INF. PA. VOLS. 
 Surg. J. S. Bamsey, raDk from Sept. 15, '62 ; must, out with regt. May 21, 1863. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 Capt. Geo. 0. Marshall, pro. from 1st lieut. to capt. Aug, 18, 1862 ; must, out 
 
 with company May 21, 1863. 
 1st Lieut, John K. McGaun, pro. to 1st from 2d lieut. Sept, 3, 1863 ; must, out 
 
 with company May 21, 1863, 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FIRST REGT. INF. PA, VOLS. 
 
 Assist.-surg. L. K. Kirk, lank from Aug. 21, 1862; must, out with regimeut 
 May 23, 1863. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-THIRD REGT. INF. PA. VOLS. 
 Surg. D. D. Kennedy, rank from Jan. 31, 1863 ; must, out with regt. May 26, '63. 
 ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-NINTH REGT. INF. PA. VOLS. 
 ,Assi8t.-surg. Levi Oberholtzer, rank from Aug. 27, 1862 ; pro. to surgeon 147th 
 P. V. Jan. 16, 1863. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-FIRST REGT. INF. PA. VOLS. 
 AsBist.-surg. with rank from Sept. 12, 1862 ; died at Coatesville, Pa., July 1, '63. 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-THIRD REGT. INF. PA. VOLS. 
 AssiEt.-Enrg. James Fulton, rank from Aug. 16, 1862 ; resigned Api il 8, 1864. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVENTH REGT. INF. PA. 
 VOLS. 
 Surg. Levi Oberholtzer, rank from Jan. 16, 1«63 ; disch. March 7, 1 863. 
 
 COMPANY 0. 
 2d Lieut. John Grubb. rank from July 8, 1865 ; must, out with comp. as sergt. 
 July 15, 1865. 
 
 COMPANY K 
 
 Capt. William M. Clark, pro. from Ist lieut. to capt. Nov. 1, 1864 ; must, out 
 with company July 15, 1865. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH REGT. INF. PA. VOLS. 
 COMPANY F. 
 Levi Munshower, rank from June 15, 1865 ; must, out with company as sergt. 
 June 23, 1865. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SEVENTH REGT. INF. PA. 
 
 VOLS. 
 
 Adjutant J. Wallace Scott, pro. from 2d lieut, of Co. B to adjutant Feb. 27, '63 ; 
 
 to capt. Co. D Aug. 3, 1864 ; appointed brevet maj. April 1, 1865 ; honorably 
 
 disch. as capt. Co. C, IQlst P. V., May 27, 1865. 
 
 Quartermaster A. D. Harlan, rank from Oct. 16, 1862 j lion, disch. Feb. 27, 1863. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-NINTH REGT. (FOURTEENTH 
 
 CAVALRY) PA. VOLS. 
 Surgeon Wm. B. Wynne, rank from Oct. 29, 1862 ; resigned Feb. 28, 1865. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTIETH REGT. (FIFTEENTH CAV- 
 ALRY) PA. VOLS. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Charles B. Lamborn, rank from Feb. 7, 1863 ; resigned Feb. 1, 1865. 
 Major Geo. E. Gourand, rank from Dec. 1, 1864 ; not mustered. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIRST REGT. (SIXTEENTH 
 
 CAVALRY) PA. VOLS. 
 Surgeon Isaiah F. Everhart, trans, from 89th P. V. July 24, 1865 ; must, out with 
 regimeut Aug. 11, 1865. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-SECOND REGT. (SEVEN- 
 TEENTH CAVALRY) PA. VOLS. 
 COMPANY L. 
 Capt. John L. Bees, rank from Sept. 27, 1862 ; resigned May 29, 1863. 
 1st Lieut. Wm. H. Wright, rank from May 30, 1863 ; must, out June 20, 1865. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-THIRD REGT. (EIGHTEENTH 
 CAVALRY) PA. VOLS. 
 
 Major W. B. Darlington, rank from Jan. 5, 1863; hon. disch. Jan. 14, 1864; re- 
 commissioned ; honorably disch. Oct. 3, 1864. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 Ist Lieut. Geo. E. Newlin, rank from April 1,1863; must, out with Co. B, 3d 
 Prov. Cavalry, Oct. 31, 1865. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIFTH REGT. INF. PA. 
 
 (DRAFTED MILITIA). 
 
 iurgeon F. W. Heckel, rank from Dec. 5, '62; must, out with regt. July 28, '63. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FIFTH REGT. INF. PA. 
 
 (DRAFTED MILITIA). 
 
 (Nino months.) 
 
 (Where not otherwise designated, the otBcers and men were all mustered out 
 Lug. 7, 1863.) 
 
 Field and Staff Officers from Chester County. 
 Lieut. -Col. Francis C. Hooton, must, in Nov. 25, 1862. 
 Major Isaac McClure, must, in Dec. 6, 1862; resigned Feb. 24, 1863. 
 Adjutant James T. Temple, must, in Nov. 16, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 8, 1863. 
 Assistant-surgeon John F. Evans, must, in Nov. 25, 1862. 
 Chaplain Albert J. Rowland, must, in Nov. 26, 1862. 
 Serg.-niaj. John F. Eoberts, must, in Nov. 5, 1862; pro. from private of Co. C 
 
 Nov. 22,1862. 
 Qrmr.-sergt. David Potts, must, in Nov. 10,1862; pro. from private of Co. K. 
 Com.-sergt. J. S. Worrall, must, in Nov. 6, 1862; pro. from private of Co. F. 
 Hosp.-steward L. R. Brown, must, in Nov. 10, 1862; pro. from private of Co. K. 
 There are no muster-out rolls of this regiment on file in the State adjutant- 
 general's oiSce. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 (Officers and men nil mustered in Nov. 5, 1862 ) 
 Capt. Peter Colehower, Jr., Ist Lieut. Jeremiah H. Bender, 2d Lieut. Anthony 
 Irey, 1st Sergt. Wm. D. McAfee. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Wm. E. Epright, Davis Mock, David W. Jones, Mahlon Sowers. 
 
 Corporah. 
 Thomas Hilborn, James Maharty, Edward F. Bickel, Chas. 0. Keebler, Jesse 
 Sturges, Christian Emery, Wm. J. Wagoner. 
 
 Musicians. 
 
 Alexander Hawlc, G. W. Wainwright. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Henry Adams, John A. Benjamin, Daniel T. Beeler, Gabriel Corle, George Cramp, 
 Wm. H. Davidson, John H. Davidson, Henry Everly, John C. N. Grotf, Wm. 
 Hippie, Samuel Huglies, Jesse Hartnian, Kbel HarteuBtine, Joseph Hughes, 
 Thomas R Jones, Henry L. Jones, Henry Knapp, Geo. W. Knerr, Wm. 
 Ludwick, Charles Lukins, Simon Link, Enos L. Monshower, William Mil- 
 ler, Isaiah March, David Mintzler, Bernard Nyman, Sylvester Nyman, Elias 
 Nichols, Samuel Nichols, H. S. Oberholtzer, Isaac Painter, Theodore Quay, 
 William Raysor, Jacob Kice, Wm. D. Suell, Henson L. Shaw, Theo. Sowers,' 
 Charles Small, John K. Stine, Henry Speakman, Alexander WLie, John E. 
 Wadsworth, Jacob B. Wagoner, James Weedon, Henry Year. 
 
 COMPANY 0. 
 (Oificers and men mustered in Nov. 6, 1862.) 
 Capt. Levi Fetters, 1st Lieut. John Lewis, 2d Lieut. John P. Ford, 1st Sergt. 
 George King, Jr., Ist Sergt. Milton Williams. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Robert W. Forrest, Abrara V. Trimble, James M. Moore. 
 Edward H. Turner, pro. to sergt. Nov. 15, 1862. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Lewis J. Jester, Solon Lupoid, Emmor Xownsend. 
 
 Charles T. Forrest, pro. to corp. Feb. 10, 1863 ; absent in hospital at muster out. 
 T. H. B. Kugler, pro. to Corp. Feb. 10, 1863. 
 John A. Cummings, pro. to corp. Feb. 10, 1863. 
 Nelson Peck, disch. Nov. 22, 1862. 
 John B. Evans, disch. Nov. 22, 1862. 
 
 Musicians. 
 Frederick H. Quay, John F. Mussey. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Aaron Brown, Robert Broomall, Ermount Blondon, Wm. H. Burns, Isaac P. 
 Barrett, Joseph Barnett, John Broomall. 
 
 John C. Buckwalter, disch. Nov. 22, 1862. 
 
 Edward Bartholomew, disch. on surg. cert. March 24, 1863. 
 
 John S. Bowen, disch. on surg. cert. March 28, 1863. 
 
 James Courtney, Daniel Carter, disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 14, 1863. 
 
 Lewis Coulter, Abram Detweiler, John H. Davis, Isaac Darbarrow, Isaac Dres- 
 ser, John Donald, Edward Dougherty, Alfred Desmarest, Levi P. Evans, 
 Samuel Essick, Joshua Earshaw, Samuel 0. Furnwalt, Wm. Gunklo. 
 
 Benj. Hines, disch. Nov. 22, 1862. 
 
 Thomas Johnson. 
 
 Wm. C. Jardine, disch. on surg. cert. March 24, 1863. 
 
 Thomas S. King. 
 
 Lewis E. Krauser, disch. Nov. 22, 1862. 
 
 William King, died at Washington, N. C, June 2, 1863 ; buried in National 
 Cemetery, Newborn, plot 7, grave 132. 
 
 Samuel Lockhart, Henry Lynch, Matthias P. Law, George Lowry, Peter Landis. 
 
 Robert B. Lilly, disch. Nov. 22, 1862. 
 
 James Myers, Wm. Moore, Evan Miles, Israel Mulholland, Augustus McCord, 
 Alfred McMinn, Alex. McQuerns, James MoAlear, John McCloskey, Thomas 
 McCorkle, Michael McCartin, Augustus Oner, David Opperman, Levi 
 Pennypacker, Bolilen Peterman, Evan Powell, Abraham Powell, Howell 
 Pixley, A. Peunypacker, John A. Pecliin, John Pearce, Palmer Rusk, Wm. 
 v. Bambo, Wm. Beeves, Jacob T. Begester. 
 
 James Robinson, disch. Nov. 22, 1862. 
 
 John F. Roberts, pro. to sergt.-major Nov. 22, 1862. 
 
 Charles Eyan, Geo. Snyder, Taylor Smedley, Wm. Stepleton. 
 
 Wm. W. Steitler, disch. on surg. cert. March 27, 1863. 
 
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 Lewis Trego, Kber Townaend, Alfred Thumoa, Oliver Townseud. 
 
 Harris Trego, disob. Nov. 22, 1802. 
 
 Bobert Wagner. 
 
 Jones P. Walker, diBch. Nov. 22, 1862. 
 
 James York. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 (Officers and men mustered in Nov. 6, 18G2.) 
 Capt. Joseph M. Thompson, let Lieut. Nathaniel Simmers. 
 2d Lieut. Evan Shoelor, died at Washington, N. C, June 12, 1803. 
 2d Lieut. Biohard G. Cook, pro. from 1st aergt. June 13, 1803. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Wm. Templin, Samuel Handwork, Lewis W. Millard, Joseph Frainor. 
 
 Corporah. 
 John J. Willinar, John K. Wynn, Geo. W. Eeagan, Mordecai Boyer, Samuel 
 
 Swinehart, Lewis Beiteman. 
 Musicians Jonathan Knauer, Lot Brown. 
 
 Pi-imles. 
 Harris L. Barr, Coleman Campbell, Lot B. Crosby, Daniel Chram, John Collins, 
 James Cosgrave, Abraham Dolby, Henry Deece, Wm. C. Baches, Wni. Ewing, 
 Lafayette Freed, Henry Fafiuger, Wm. Garvin, Enoch Gresh, Jesse Hof- 
 flcker, Thomas Hughes, Jamea Hughea, Aaron Handwork, Jacob High, 
 Cynis Hoffecker, David Harple, Philip Heylc, Ezekiel Hughes, Richard 
 Hartenatein, James H. James, John Johnaon, Francis M. .Tones, Jonah 
 Ki-auner, John Kephart, Samuel Lentz, William Lowry, Samuel Moyer, 
 John B. Moser, Oliver Munholland, Henry Moore, Levi McAlicher, Wm. 
 MTurland, David Pierson, Nathauiel Potts, Lewis Phipps, Isaac Reynolds, 
 Daniel Schlepf, George Shanner, John Sheaver, Jolin Simmers, John W. 
 Wright, James Wynn, John Weidner, Andrew Whiteman. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 (Officers and men must, in Nov. 6, 18C2.) 
 Capt. Theodore T. Woollens, Ist Lieut. Joseph S. Wilson, 2d Lieut. David Mer- 
 cer, let Sergt. Nathan P. Walton. 
 
 Joel T. Terry, E. Featherman, Alban Otley, Wm. A. Wiley. 
 
 CorporalB. 
 Joseph Wilson, Wilson Smith, Samuel Bye, J. M. D. Thomson, Hiram D. Jen- 
 
 neas, Frederick Clark, William Marris, Benj. McDonald. 
 Musician Howard Buckalew. 
 
 Privates, 
 
 Wm. P. Ayrea. 
 
 E. Kelson Bicking, died July 1, 1863 ; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Jonathan Burnett, Enoch Bye, John P. Booth, James A. Boyd, Jackson W. 
 Brady, Benj. Brown, George Conn, John A. Crowl, John C. Dunlap, Wm. 
 H. Davis, Charles Ely, Wm. H. Farra, Joseph H. Gregg, David Grason, Wm. 
 K. Galloway, Nathan C. Gove, Abram Groves. 
 
 Samuel Hutton, died May 29, 1863 ; burled in National Cemetery, Newborn, N.C. 
 
 John Hall, Isaac Johnaon, Wm. Jester, Bobert Kennedy, Tbomas Kay, Michael 
 Lahy, Jacob Miller, Phineaa Marris, David Mundal, Wm. Montgomery, Lee 
 Nethcry, John O'Neil, Joseph Osborn, Wm. J. Pickering, Thomas Pass, 
 Robert Ramlio, Joseph Sentman, Joseph Strickland, David Spencer, George 
 Springer, Chandler Taylor, Jenner Wingate, Thos. J. Wort, Matthew J. 
 Wilson, Thomson Wingate. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 (Officers and men must, in Nov. 6, 1862.) 
 
 Capt. W. N. Worthington, 1st Lieut. Owen R. Horn. 
 
 2d Lieut. John E. Miller, died at Philadelphia, Pa., July 23, 1863. 
 
 2d Lieut. Samuel J. Wood, pro. from let sergt. July 24, 1863. 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Thos. H. P. West, John Loupole, Lewis Turner, Wm. McCormick. 
 Corporals. 
 
 Charles Paist, David Patterson, Patchall Evans, Stephen L. Smedley, Thomas 
 Richards, W. M. Richards, Wm. C. Wood. 
 
 Musician George Eviaon. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Matthew J. Anderson, Isaac Allison, Joseph R. Beck, Geo. Bailey, Frank Bald- 
 win, Martin Chattin, Jamee Coatee, Samuel Conner, Francis L. Dodge, Wm. 
 M Evane, Richard Farra, Charles Farr, Jesse J. Farrel, Charles Gill, Sam- 
 uel Hall, Amor Hannum, Henry Kelly, Hayes Kennedy, Smith Lawrence, 
 Zacharias Leamy, Geo. W. Mercer, James E. Milson, Thos. Mollyneaux, 
 John Myres, Jamea McCullough, John McKinley, Ezekiel Reese, Samuel 
 Kigley, John Robinson, Charles W. Bezer, Isaac W. Sample, Wm Savage, 
 William Shimer, Samuel 0. Syphard, John Shap, Wesley Valentine, John 
 "VV.Waok. 
 
 James A. Winsey, died June i, 1803 ; hurled in National Cemetery, Newhern, 
 N. C, plot T, grave 38. 
 
 Wro. Wells, Aaron S. White. 
 
 J Seydon Worrell, pro. to com. sergt., date unknown. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 (Officers and men must, in Nov. 6, 1862.) 
 Capt. Josiah Jackson, 1st Lieut. H. E. M. Whitman. 
 2d Lieut. John Cox, disch. May 16, 1863. 
 2d Lieut. John B. Taylor, pro. from sergt. May 21, 1863. 
 Ist Sergt. Wm. H. Shaner. 
 
 Nathan N. Booth, Blkanon Savage, Mark Beinhart. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 John Bachman, died July 8, 1803 ; buried in National Cemetery, Newborn, N. C, 
 
 plot 7, grave 118. 
 Geo. F. Pickel, Wni. Carl, Samuel Missimer, John Eothrock, Adam Grander. 
 Musicians Wm. Hummell, William Way. 
 
 Privaies. 
 
 Jonathan Bell, Reuben Bachmann, Firman 0. Brook, James CauUer, John T. 
 Cloud, Miller Cox, Jonathan Cox, George Curiy, Bayard T. Cooper, T. J. 
 Chandler, Anthony Conner, Davis Dickinson, Geo. Drumhiller, Jamea 
 Evans, Frederick Fregh, Jacob Fisher, Samuel Frowheieer, Geo. Faiese, 
 Jacob Frock, Daniel Fitzaimmons, Harvey Graves, Wm. Heck, Jacob Hat- 
 field, John Hobclaim, Jones Harlan, Henry Harlan, Stephen W. Harlan, 
 James Hamer, William Irwin, Samuel'Kendall, Enos Keller, David Lessig, 
 James S. Mellon, Fraukliu C. Maxwell, G. P. C. Montgomery, Samuel M. 
 Mutter, John Mohiner, Levi Murry, Jacob Nyman, Charles H. Noblet, Wil- 
 liam Orr, Jacob Ottinger, William Potts, H. S. Pennypacker, Jefferson 
 Rieae, Daniel Rhodes, Reuben Ritmorer, Henry Rau, Nathaniel W. Sharp- 
 less, Alexander Steel, John Smith, Wm. Smearer, John Y. Swinehart, Hiram 
 Shaffer, Albert Shaffer, Enos H. Shaner, Cyrus Strump, Wm. Taylor, John 
 Turner, Wm. G. Vernon, Samuel Y. Weaver, Milton Woodward, Albert 
 Yocum. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 (Officers and men mustered in Nov. 6, 1802.) 
 
 Capt. Thomas A. Hicks, 1st Lieut. Bobert Futhey, 2d Lieut. Jesse G. Hicke. 
 
 2d Lieut. John Hosmer, pro. from 1st sergt. Jan. 1, 1863. 
 
 lat Sergt. Samuel Hershberger. 
 
 John A. Morrow, Barclay Hoopes, Robert F. Wright, Thaddeua Bichardson. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Thomas Pierson, Stacy M. Eldridge, Thomas Martin, Lewis Evans, John Hersh- 
 berger, Aaron Miller, Enoch Gray. 
 
 Privates. 
 Samuel C. Anderson, John J. Boyer, John D. Bracken, Samuel W. Bahel, Joseph 
 Brown, Jamea Cochran, James Commona, John Commons, W. Cunning- 
 ham, John Davis, Levi Gladding, Jolm Gray, Florence Hanley, Thomas 
 Holt, Thomas B. Hindman, Isaac Hilton, Julius Henion, John Irwin', John 
 Lacklan, Jonathan Macherett, B. G. McClenaohan, Wm. M. Pyle, Edward 
 Pyle, William Plumley, John Reven, Samuel Snyder, David Stoner, J. H. 
 Underwood, Sylvester Weaver, William Wear, Charles Wagoner, George 
 Worrest, Asa Webster. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 (Officers and men mustered in Nov. 10, 1862.) 
 Capt. George W. Werntz, lat Lieut. Isaac Cook, 2d Lieut. Edwin Helms, Ist 
 Sergt. Charles W. Steward. 
 
 SergearUs. 
 Henry H. Fleming, Jacob Aceret, Marris N. Hannum. 
 
 CorporaU. 
 John S. Shoemaker, Jamea H. Long, Benjamin F. Priley, Ohariea Whittaker, 
 Matthew S. Cain, W. C. McLaughUn. 
 
 Musician, 
 
 John Maiaoner. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Jacob L. Barna, Godfried Businger, Martin Bosaer, D. E. Bnckwalter. 
 
 Louis K Brown, pro. to hospital steward. 
 
 Wm Cairns, Wm. P. Christy, John Chrystal, James McF. Clower, George T. 
 Durham, John Docherty, James E. Dunlap, Wm. B. Eberhart, Thomas F. 
 Higgins, Francis Holluway, Edwin Hough, Henry Howard, Joseph Keely, 
 John Kerper, John V. Kiemer, Jesse R. Kirk, Christian Klotz, Benjamin 
 Lawrence, James Lemon, Samuel Lewis, John Ligget, Moees Mattis, Samuel 
 Mendenhall, Samuel Middleton, John Murry, Daniel Munshower, George 
 Murry, John McClees, John Mcllheney, Alexander McKenzie, S. E. McWil- 
 
 liama. 
 David Potts, pro. to quartermasteMergeant 
 Isaac D Bead, Morgan L. Reid, John Reedy, John Root, John Eobiuson, Jacob 
 
 Snyder, Bphraim Stauffer, Lewis Stone, Jamea W. Strong, Thos. Whiteman. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-NINTH REGT. INF. 
 (DRAFTED) PENNSYLVANIA MILITIA. 
 ABst.-surg. James A. Eichey, rank from Dec. 27, 1802; must, out with regt. 
 ' July 27, ISOi, 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 ONE HtTNDKED AND EIGHTY-FIRST REST. PA. VOLS. 
 (TWENTIETH CAVALRY). 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Capt. Benjamin H. Sweney, rank from Sept. 28, 1864; muBt. out with Co. M, 
 Ist Frovisioual Cavalry, July 13, 1S65. 
 
 COMPANY M. 
 
 Capt. Lewis T. Evans, must, in Feb. 23, 1864 ; disch. by S. 0. June 26, 1865. 
 Ist Lieut. Benj. H. Sweney, must, in Feb. 23, '64 ; detailed on staff of Col. Wyn- 
 
 coop, commanding brigade; pro. to capt. Co. G Jan. 1, 1865. 
 Ist Lieut. Alfred Brinton, must, in Feb. 24, 1864; pro. from 2d lieut. Jan. 1, '66 ; 
 
 disch. by S. 0. June.26, 1866. 
 2d Lieut. John H. Babb, must, in Jau. 22, 1864; pro. from 1st sergt. Jan. 1, '65 ; 
 
 disch. March 25, 1866. 
 2d Lieut. Payne A. Gould, must, in Jan. 22, 1864 ; pro. from sergt. May 14, '65 ; 
 
 must, out with comp. let Prov. Cav. July 13, 1866. 
 Ist Sergt. Isaac W. Sweney, must, in Jan. 27, '64; disch. by S. 0. June 28, '65. 
 Qrmr.-sergt. Chas. H. Areson, must, in Jan. 25, '64 ; pi-o. to regt. qrmr.-sergt. 
 
 April 19, 1865. 
 Qrmr.-sergt. Henry 0. Wilson, must, in Feb. 2, '64 ; disch. by S. 0. June 28, '65. 
 Com.-sergt. Robert R. Skeen, must, in Jan. 28, '64; disch. by G. 0. May 25, '65. 
 Sergt. Cheyney J. Watkins, must, in Jan. 22, 1864 ; captured at Lynchburg, Va., 
 
 June 19, 1864. 
 Sergt. H. Curry, must, in Jan. 31, '64; must, out with 1st Prov. Cav. July 13, '65. 
 Sergt. Hibbard Stapleton, must, in Feb. 6, 1864 ; disch. by S. 0. June 28, 1865. 
 Sergt. Morgan L. Reed, must, in Feb. 2, 1864 ; disch. by S. 0. June 28, 18S5. 
 Corp. Geo. W. Derrick, must, in Feb. 2, 1864; wounded April 30, 1866; disch. by 
 
 G. 0. June 2, 1866. 
 Corp. David S. Will, must, in Jan. 30, '64 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1865. 
 Corp. Adam Gabel, must, in Jan. 21, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, Ist Prov. Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1865. 
 Corp. S. Waltou Williams, must, in Jan. 26, 1864; died at Andersonville, Ga., 
 
 Sept. 20, 1864 ; grave 9343. 
 Corp. Geo. W. Young, must, in Jan. 30, 1864; disch. May 16, 1865. 
 Corp. Alex. Mehaffie, must, in Feb. 22, 1864 ; disch. by S. 0. June 28, 1866. 
 Corp. Wm. F. Vandusen, must, in Feb. 2, 1864 ; disch. by S. 0. June 28, 1865. 
 Corp. G. M. D. Connor, must, in Feb. 2, 1864 ; disch. by S. 0. June 28, 1805. 
 Corp. Thomas B. Mills, must in Jan. 28, 1864 ; disch. by S. 0. June 28, 1865. 
 Corp. Daniel Nevelling, musr. in Feb. 5, 1864; disch. by S. 0. June 28, 1865. 
 Corp. J. Roland Smith, must, in Jan. 26, 1864; disch. by S. O. June 28, 1866. 
 Corp. Fred. Shiiup, must, in Jan. 27, 1864; disch. by S. 0. Jnue 28, 1866. 
 Bugler William Hacker, must, in Jan. 26, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. 
 
 Cav., July 13, 1865. 
 Bugler Charles Moll, must, in Jan. 26, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. 
 
 Cav., July 13, 1865. 
 Blacksmith Jacob B. James, must, in Feb. 2, 1864; absent at muster out. 
 Farrier John- G. Hoopes, must, in Jan. 25, 1864 ; trans, to Co. L, date unknown. 
 
 Privates. 
 Wm. Broodabelt, must, in Jan, 27, 1864; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov, Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1866. 
 Wm. H. Anueiit, must, in Feb.- 5, 1864; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1865. 
 Benj. L. Ackley, nmst. in Feb. 2, 1864. 
 
 George W. Adams, must, in Feb. 1, 1864 ; trans to Co. E, date unknown. 
 Elwood Bittler, must, in Jan. 27, 1864; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1865. 
 John 0. Boice, must, in Feb. 2, 1864; prisoner from June 19, 1804, to April 28, 
 
 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865, 
 George W, Bailey, disch, by G, 0. June 19, 1866. 
 David Cbidister, must, in Ang. 23, 1804; disch. by G. 0. May 23, 1865. 
 Joseph Congleton, must, in Jan. 27, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. Cav,, 
 
 July 13, 1865. 
 Martin Cassey, must, in Jan. 30, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1866. 
 James Curry, must, in Feb. 1, 1864; disch. June 28, 1865. 
 Milton Clemsun, must, in Feb, 2,1864; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. Cav,, 
 
 July 13, 1866, 
 Samuel P, Conner, must, in Feb. 2, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. Cav,, 
 
 July 13, 1866, 
 Milton M. Clark, must, in Feb. 4, 1864 ; absent at muster out. 
 William Congleton, must, in Jan, 18, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, Ist Prov. 
 
 Cav., July 13, 1866. 
 Addison M. Clark, must, in Ang. 30, 1864 ; disch, by G. 0. June 9, 1865. 
 William Cain, must, in Aug. 19, 1864 ; must, out with Co, M, 1st Prov. Cav,, 
 
 July 13, 1865. 
 William W. Cox, must, in Feb. 2, 1864. 
 
 Henry S. Cornell, must, in Jan. 28, 1864 ; not on musternsut roll. 
 Philip Cavauaugb, must, in Jan. 28, 1864; not on musterout roll. 
 Befuard Caley, must, in Jan, 26, 1864 ; trans, to Co. G, date unknown. 
 Gideon Oodon, must, in Sept. 4, 1864; disch. by 6. 0. July 31, 18G5. 
 Lewis Donley, must, in Jan, 25, 1865 ; must, out with Co, M, 1st Prov. Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1866. 
 Charles D.ivis, must, in Feb. 2, 1864; dieoh. by G. 0. April 26, ,1865. 
 
 Edward E. Bckard, must, in Jan. 28, 1864; captured at Ashby's Gap, Va., July 
 
 19, 1804; died at Danville Va., Dec. 6, 1864. 
 David Evans, juust. in Feb. 4, 1864 ; absent, sick, at muster out. 
 George W. Faley, must, in June 28, 1804 ; .disoh. by G. 0. May 14, 1865. 
 Joseph Greenwood, must, in Feb. 2, 1864 ; captured at Ashby's Gap, Va., July 
 
 19, 1864 ; died at Danville, Va., Nov. 20, 1864. 
 Samuel H. Gill, must, in April 14, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1866. 
 William Gegenheimer, must, in Jan. 28, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. 
 
 Cav., July 13, 1865. 
 Andrew F. Hughes, must, in Jan. 23, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1865. 
 Reuben B. Hulestcin,_ most, in Feb. 4, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, Ist Prov. 
 
 Cav,, July 13, 1860'. 
 Benjamin K. Hutton, must, in Feb. 2, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. 
 
 Cav., July 13, 1805. 
 Hugh M. Ilutton, must, in Jan. 25, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, Ist Prov. Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1866. 
 John P. Ireland, must, in Feb. 12, 18C4 ; disoh. by G. 0. Nov. 7, 1864. 
 John H. Johnson, must, in Jan. 28, 1864; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov, Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1865. 
 Wm. n. Jenks, must, in Jan. 26, 1864; died April 17, 1805; buried in Cav. Corp. 
 
 Cem., Va. 
 Silas King, must, in Jan. 23, 1864; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. Cav., July 
 
 13. 1865. 
 
 Edward Lafferty, must, in Jan. 30, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov; Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1865. 
 Joseph R. Mercer, must, in Jan. 23, 1864; captured at Lynchburg, Va., June 19, 
 
 1864; died at Salisbury, N. C, Jan. 13, 1865. 
 John Martin, must, in Jan. 26, 1864; must, out with Co. M, Ist Prov. Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1865, 
 Hugh Meldone, must, in Feb, 1, 1864; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1866. 
 Alban Mace, must, in Feb. 3, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, Ist Prov. Cav., July 
 
 13. 1866. 
 
 Amor Mehaffle, must, in Feb. 2, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, Ist Prov. Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1865. 
 George B. Missimer, must, in Ang. 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 19, 1866. 
 Charles Martin, must, in Jan. 27, 1864; not on muster-out roll. 
 Edward P. Mclutire, must, in Jan. 28, 1864; prisoner from March 12 to March 
 
 26, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0, June 21, 1865. 
 Edward F. McFarlan, must, in Jan. 22, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov^ 
 
 Cav., July 13, 1865. 
 David MoClain, must, in Jan. 28, 1864 ; disch. by G, 0, June 16, 1865. 
 John McDermott, must, in Jan. 27,1864; not on muster-out roil. 
 Jesse J. Nichols, must, in Feb. 3, 1864; must, out with Co. M, Ist Prov. Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1866. 
 George Newman, must, in Jan. 26, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 Elwood Patterson, must, iu Jan. 23, 1864 ; disch. by 6. O. May 30, 1865. 
 Charles H. Pyle, must, in Jan. 22, 1864 ; nut on muster-out roll. 
 John Quiulin, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; disoh. by G. 0. June 19, 1865. 
 Amos. L. Rhoades, must, in Jan, 26, 1864; prisoner from Juue 21, 1864, to April 
 
 29, 1805; disch. by G. 0. June 19, 1866. 
 William A. lloyal, must, in Aug. 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 19, 1865. 
 Henry Richards, must- in Jan. 28, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 Thomas Southwood, must, in Jan. 22, 1864; must, out with Co. M, Ist Prov. 
 
 Cav., July 13, 1865. 
 James Smith, must, in Jan. 28, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June9, 1865. 
 Henry Simons, must in Aug. 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 10, 1866. 
 William W. Senberger, must, in Jan. 30, 1864; wounded at Five Points, Va., 
 
 April 1, 1866 ; absent in hosp. at must. out. 
 Benjamin F. Skeen, must, in Feb. 5, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. 
 
 Cav., July 13, 1866. 
 Joshua Scott, must, in Feb. 6, 1864 ; killed at Dinwiddle Court-house, Va., March 
 
 31,1865. 
 George Smith, must, in Feb, 5, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. Cav., 
 
 Jnly 13, 1866. 
 William G. Springer, must, in Jan. 29, 1864, disch. by G. 0. May 14, 1865. 
 Frank C. Stanert, must, in April 14, 1864 ; must, out with Co, M, 1st Prov, Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1866. 
 0. F. Shamberger, must, in Jan. 26, 1864. 
 Columbus Smith, must, in Feb. 6, 1864. 
 
 Henry Salkeld, must, in Jan. 28, 1864; trans, to Co. I, date unknown. 
 Edmund Stout, must, in Feb. 1, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 John Smith, must, in Feb. 2, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 Jacob Snyder, must, in Feb. 1, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. 
 Israel Tennis, must, in Jan. 26, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, Ist Prov. Cav July 
 
 13, 1865. 
 John K. Torbert, must, in Jan. 30, 1864 ; must, out with Co, M, 1st Prov. Cav. 
 
 July 13, 1866. "' 
 
 Philip P. Townsend, must, in Dec. 21, 1864; must, out with Co. M, Ist Prov. 
 
 Cav., Jnly 13, 1865. 
 Robert Townsley, must, in Aug, 16, 1864. 
 Nehemiah Vanzant, must, in Jau. 28, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 1st Prov. Cav., 
 
 July 13, 1865 ; veteran. 
 Hen ry 0. Valentino, must iu Fob. 6, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, Ist Prov, Cav, 
 
 July 13, 1865 ; veteran. '' 
 
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 XXIX 
 
 ■William H. Wilt, rnnst. in Jan. 30, 1864; trans, to Co. L, date unknown. 
 Morgan B. ■Williams, must, in Jan. 23, 1864; disoli. by G. 0. June 21, 1865. 
 Horatio A. ■Williams, must, in Jan. 23, 1864; must, out with Co. M, Ist Prov 
 
 Cav., July 13, 1866. 
 Charles Watson, must, in Jan. 28, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, Ist Prov Cav 
 
 July 13, 1865. ' ' 
 
 Ceorge W. Wagner, must, in Aug. 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 19, 1865. 
 
 The One Hundred and Eighty-first Kegiment, on June 17, 1866, was consoli- 
 dated with the Second Pennsylvania Cavalry, and designated "First Pennsyl- 
 vania Provisional Cavalry." 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND EISHTT-SECOND REST. PA. VOLS. 
 
 (TWENTY-FIRST CAVALRY). 
 
 COMPANY M. 
 
 1st Lieut. Abraham Myers, rank from April 23, 1866; must, out with company 
 
 as 1st sergt. July 8, 1805. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-THIRD REGT. INF. PA. 
 VOLS. 
 Asst-surg. James A. Eiohey, rank from Nov. 5, 1863 ; res. Oct. 19, 1864. 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 2d Lieut. Jacob B. Stott, rank from July 10, 1865; absent with leave at mus- 
 ter out. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FOURTH REGT. INF. PA. 
 
 VOLS. 
 
 Surg. W. B. Brinton, rank from April 4, 1864; must, out with regt. July 14, '06. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-SEVENTH REGT. INF. PA. 
 
 VOLS. 
 Asst.-surg. J. K. Hayes, rank from March 24, 1804 ; hon. disch. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 2d Lieut. Walter Lackey, rank from April 12, 1864 ; not mustered. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHTH REGT. INF. PA. 
 
 VOLS. 
 Adjt. Henry C. Wood, rank May 17, 1864; pro. to qrmr. ; then to capt. colored 
 troops December, 1864, 
 
 COMPANY 0. 
 1st Lieut. J. Davis, rank from June 20, 1865 ; must, out with comp. Dec. 14, '65. 
 
 COMPANY r. 
 1st Lieut. Edward L. McCluen, rank from May 1, 1865 ;.must. out with company 
 
 Dec. 14, 1865. 
 2d Lieut. Henry Potter, rank from Nov. 26, 1806 ; must, out with company as 
 1st sergt. Dec. 14, 1806. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-NINTH REGT. PA. VOLS. 
 
 (FOURTH ARTILLERY). 
 
 (Disbanded and returned to Second Pa. Artillery August, 1864.) 
 
 Col. Wm. M. McClure, rank from April 30, 1864. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Ist Lieut. Stephen H. DeWitt, rank from April 30, 1864. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETIETH REGT. INF. PA. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY P. 
 2d Lieut. Bernard M. Gause, rank from Sept. 19, 1864 ; not mustered. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-SECOND REGT. INF. PA, 
 VOLS. 
 (Hundred days' service.) 
 COMPANY N. 
 (Mustered in July 19, 1864; mustered out Nov, 11, 1864.) 
 Capt. Benjamin N. BrooVe, 1st Lieut. William H. Whitehead, 2d. Lieut. Mat- 
 thias Anderson, Ist Sergt. Walter Lackey. 
 SergeatUs. 
 James Moore, Isaac W. Mai-Un, John Gohean, Cad H. Brooke. 
 
 CorporaU, 
 Barton D. Evans, John W, ■White, Liaac Walker, Joseph W, Martin, Elisha G. 
 Cloud, Jeremiah Griffith, D. Vernon Black, Matthew H. Koberts, 
 
 Musiciaiu. 
 J. Wesley Freeman, George Milletchy. 
 
 Theo. Eavenson, Bobert Ehright, Henry Bckert, Lewis Fetters, Samuel Fulton, 
 Henry C. Fulton, Charles F. Grover, William D. Green, Leonard Humphrey, 
 Jonathan Hampton, George W. Hallman, Samuel Horton, William Hines, 
 Edward Harker. 
 
 Oornelius Hall, trans, to Co. C, date unknown. 
 
 James H. Johnson, trans, to Co. C, date unknown. 
 
 Jesse T. Keeley, Hobart Lewis, Clayton Lobb, William Moore, George Mars, 
 Benjamin Moore, William H. Marshall, James McCoy, William Noblett, 
 William C. Nields, J. Wesley Potter, Hartman Prizer, Joseph S. Pyle, Peter 
 Kush, Jonathan Eeese, Isaac W. Boberts, Edwin F. Siter, Benjamin Smith, 
 Charles Spear, George Stewart, Wm. 0. Stephens, Milton Smith, 
 
 William W. Stern, trans, to Co, C, date unknown. 
 
 George B. Thomas, John K. Trego, Isaac P. Walker, John G. Wirmer, G. T. 
 Wlckersham, Heni-y C. Webb, Thomas E. Ward, Abner Woodward, James 
 H. Worrell, David White. 
 
 COMPANY P. 
 (Mustered in July 19, 1804, must, out Nov. 11, 1864.) 
 Capt. Joseph N. Woodward, lat Lieut. Isaac Cook, 2d Lieut. John A Groff, 1st 
 Sergt. Humphrey Bentley, 
 
 SergeaniB. 
 William H. Miles^ Lewis R. Nicln^Is, Cliai les L. Wilson, James D. Stott, 
 
 Coi^walB. 
 William Pennell, Charles P. Maliii, Kichanl M. J. Reed, Joseph S. Young, Wm, 
 
 H. Wagoner, Francis R. S. Ktii-(fst, Thnnias B. AsK. 
 George Young, traus. to Co. \, lUJd liegt., Oct. 18, 1864. 
 
 Mttsiciciiis. 
 
 Jas. ■W. Alexander, John W. Albeney, Henry E. Battoh, David Beatty, Peter E. 
 
 Bloom, Adam E. Barrett, Joseph P. Bloom, William Beerbower, Josiah Cope, 
 
 Thomas Curry, Marshall Cloud, 
 Thomas Conlon, trans, to Co. C, 
 
 Joel B. Durnall, John H. Donahower, John Darsey, James Davis, Fletcher Davis. 
 Owen Dugan, trans, to Co. 0, date unknown. 
 
 George Fahnestock, Samuel Eeese, 
 
 PnuiUes. 
 Theodore Abel, Mordecai Barnes, B. Frank Bentley, Franklin Baker, G. Grier 
 Boice, Harlan Boyd, Richard H. Bryant, Harman G. Bund. 
 
 Joshua Bentley, trans, to Co. A, 192d Eegt., Oct. 18, 1864, 
 
 Cheyney C. Cox, Lewis T. Cox, Emmor R. Criswell, Solomon Conner, William 
 Collins, William Campbell, Uriah Carson, Thomas Davis, Smith F. Ditter- 
 liue, Patrick Donavon, John Ecotf, William Evans, William Ferrell, James 
 E. G. Forrest, William Giier, John Granger, Ezra G. Goodwin, Stephen M, 
 Hall, J. Wilson Harlan, Orlando Humpton, Joseph Hughes. 
 
 Caleb Hickman, trans, to Co. A, 192d Eegt., Oct, 18, 1864, 
 
 Patrick Haley, traus, to Co. A, 192d Eegt, Oct. 18, 1864. 
 
 George Irwin, John Jacobs, James Kitson, Elmer S. Moore, Joseph P. Miller, 
 Benjamin Markwood, James Maitland, Jacob H. B. Moore, W. W, Menden- 
 hall, Samuel Miller, Daniel McCarns, Francis Nichols, Abner Pierce, Joseph 
 E. Pennell, William H. Ehodes, William Eobinaon, B. Frank Eico, Frank 
 D. Eamsey, William H, Eoberts. 
 
 James W. Eoke, trans, to Co. A, 192d Eegt., Oct. 18, 1864. 
 
 Davis E. Showalter, Albert Thatcher, James Thompson, William 0. Towsley, 
 Joseph Towsley, William S. Walton, Albert J. Walton, William Wliite, T. 
 Jefferson White, Wm. W. Warlow, William M. White, Wm. S. Wollerton. 
 
 Wm. D. Walton, trans, to Co. A, 192d Eegt., Oct. 18, 1864. 
 
 James White, trans, to Co, A, 192d Eegt., Oct. 18, 1864. 
 
 Isaac White, trans, to Co. A, 192d Eegt., Oct. 18, 1864. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-SECOND REGT. INF. PA. 
 
 VOLS. 
 
 (One year's service.) 
 
 Adjt. Alfred Eupert, rank from March 15, '65 ; must, out with regt. Aug. 24, '65, 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH REGT. INF. PA. 
 VOLS. 
 (One year's service.) 
 COMPANY M. 
 .Capt. John M. Barclay, pro. from lieut. to capt. March 16, 1865 ; must, out with 
 comp. June 4, 1865. 
 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-NINTH REGT. INF. PA. 
 VOLS. 
 (One year's service.) 
 COMPANY A. 
 2d Lieut. Wm. Tricker, rank from June 8, 1865 ; must, out with comp. as 1st 
 sergt. June 28, 1866. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 ad Lieut. Frank McClosky, rank from May 12, 1865; hon. disch. as Ist sergt. 
 May 23, 1866 ; wounded. 
 
 TWO HUNDRED AND THIRD REGT. INF. PA. VOLS. 
 (One year's service.) 
 Adit John A. Leslie, rank from Sept. 12, '64; must, out with regt. Jan. 22, '65. 
 Qrmr. Edward L. Polk, rank from Sept. 16, 1864 ; must, out June 22, 1805. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 1st Lieut. Wm. E. T. Boggs,rank from Jan. 16, '66; pro. from 2d lie"t-.to which 
 he ranked from Sept. 15, 1864; hon. disch. as 2d lieut. Co. G May 15, 1865. 
 
XXX : 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 TWO HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH RE6T. INF. PA. 
 
 VOLS. 
 
 (One year's service.) 
 
 Asat.-aurg. D. W. Jefferis, rank from May 9, '65 ; must, ont with vegt. Nov. 18, '65. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 ^d Lieut, Walter S. Dowell, rank from March 7, 1865; must, out with comp, 
 
 Nov. 18, 1865. 
 ^ .'In thjs company were quite a number of enlisted men from this county, but 
 their names are inaccessible. 
 
 FIRST BATTALION SIX MONTHS' INF. PA. VOLS. 
 
 Aast.-8urg. J. R. Hays, rank from July 23, 1863; retained in service at reor- 
 ganization of battalion, which was recruited to a full regiment, 187th P. V., 
 for three years. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 VAKIOTJS OEGANIZ.^TIONS— MEN FROM CHESTER COUNTY. 
 Sergt.-maj. Samuel Davis Hunter, 116th P. V.; must, in Aug. S, 1862; com. 2d 
 
 lieut. June 1, 1866; disoh. by G. 0. June 3, 1865. 
 Qrmr.-sergt. Joseph Pennypauker, 4th P. E. V. G. ; must, in Aug. 19, 1861 J 
 
 disch. June 17, 1864. 
 Midshipman Robert N. GrifTen, died at sea. 
 Marine Alexander Dougherty. 
 
 SospUalrStewarda. 
 Adna S. Gillett, 46th P. V. ; must, in Sept. 4, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 3, 1862. 
 William E. Kennedy, 104th P. V. ;-must. iu'-March 1, 1862 ; disch. March, '65. 
 
 Musicians. 
 B. r. Houck, Co. K, 4th P. E. V. C. ; must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. June 17, '64. 
 Samuel Kennedy, 67th P. V. ; must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; died at Phila. May 27, '64^ 
 Chas. Madden, Co. G, 1st P. R. V. C. ; must, in June 6, 1861 ; diich. .Tune 13, '64. 
 J. T. Nicholas, Co. G, 1st P. E. V. C. ; must, in June 6, 1861 ; disch. June 13 '64. 
 Frank A. Tencate, drum-major, U.S.A. 
 
 Thomas N. Yanaman, Co. C, 116th P. Y.; must, in Aug. 18, 1862 ; pro. to prin- 
 cipal musician. 
 B. E. Williams, Co. K,4th P. E. Y. C. ; must, in June 6, 1861 ; diach. June 17, '64. 
 
 Captains. 
 Geo. W. Ashenfelter, Co. K, 104th P. Y. ; must. In Jan. 1, 1862 ; wounded at Fair 
 . ■ Oaks, Ya., May 31, 1862 ; disch.. May 21, 1863. 
 
 B. r. Bean, 34th P. Y. M. ; must, in June 29, 1863 ; disoh, Aug. 10, 1863. 
 
 C. S. Carmack, Co. E, 88th P. Y. ; Nov. 5, 1861 ; disch. Pec. 30, 1862, for wounds 
 
 received at Antietam, Md,, Sept. 17, 1862. 
 Henry G. Dodge, Co. 0, 59th P. Y. ; must, in Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. June 24, 1864. 
 Nathan A. Pennypaoker, Co. K, 4th P. K. Y. C. ; must, in June 6, 1861 ; discK. 
 
 June 17, 1861. 
 Emmor K. Ramsey, Co. E, 1st N. J. Y, ; must, in May 23, 1861; prisoner from 
 
 May, 1864, to March 1, 1865; disch. July 7, 1865. 
 John H. Richards, Co. E, 88th P. Y.; must. -in Sept. 9, 1861; disoh. April 26, '64. 
 Jos. Taggart, Co. G, 1st P. R. Y. C. ; must, in June 6, 1861 ; wounded at South 
 
 Mountain; disch. June 12, 1864. 
 
 / Ideutenanta. 
 
 Matthias P. Anderson, 2d lieut. colored infantry. 
 John Convery, Co. K, 71st P. V. ; must, in June 28,1 861 ; killed at Antietam, Md. 
 
 Sept. 17, 1862. "' 
 
 J. P. Cornett, 1st lieut. Co. G, 176th P. Y. ; must, in Nov. 7, 1862 ; disch. June 28, 
 
 1865, from Co. E, 199th P. Y., and Aug. 18, 1863, from former. 
 1st Lieut. E. W. Hemphill, must, in June 28, 1861 ; disch. July 2, 1864. 
 1st Lieut. Jacob S. Kram, 88th P. Y.; must: in Aug. 23, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 22 '64. 
 
 D. M. Mattson, Co. G, 88th P. Y. ; must, in Aug. 24, '61 ; disch. July 13, '65 ; vet. 
 1st Lieut. Joseph T. McOord, Co. G, 1st P. E. V. C; must, in June 6, 1861- 
 
 wounded at New Market Ci-oss-roads ; disch. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 isl Lieut. Gerritt S. Nichols, Co.E, 88th P. Y. ; must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; wounded 
 
 at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862 ; disch. Oct. 3, 1864. 
 lat Lieut. Chalkley W. Seai-s, Co. F ; must, in Aug. 9, 1862 ; res. Dec. 31 '63. 
 2d Lieut. Charles Nyce, Co. K, 4th P. R. Y. 0, ; must, in June 6, 1861 ; wounded 
 
 at Cloyd Mountain May 9, 1864; disoh. June 17, 1864, 
 2d Lieut. Josiah White, Co. G, 1st P. K Y. 0. ; must, in June 6, 1861 ; wounded 
 
 at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; died in Washington, D. C, May 18 1864 
 
 of wounds received at the Wilderness. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Everett N. Anderson, 160th P. Y, ; must, in Oct. 9, 1862 ; disch. June 21 , 1865. 
 
 Charles Armitage, Co. G, 1st P. R. Y. 0. ; must, in Juno 6, 18G1 ; died at Rappa- 
 hannock Station, Ya., Aug. 14, 1863. 
 
 Henry W. Bland, Co. H, 82d P. Y. ; must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 16, 1864. 
 
 Stephen Burns, Co. K, 71st P. Y. ; must, in June 28, 1861 ; trans, to 69th P. V. 
 June 12, 1864. 
 
 William E, Chandler, Co. G, 1st P, E. Y. C. ; must, in Juno 6, 1861 ; wounded At 
 Mechanicsville ; disch. June 13, 1864. 
 
 Joseph H. Clevenstine, Co. F, 160th P. Y. ; must, in Aug. 19, 1862 ; died Juno 12, 
 1864, of wounds received in action. 
 
 Henry Convery, Co. K, 7l8t P. Y. ; must, in June 28, 1861 ; trans, to 69th P. Y. 
 June 12, 1864; veteran. 
 
 Thomas Cosgrove, Co. K, 71st P. V. ; must, in June 28, 1861 ; killed at Gottye- 
 burg, July 3, 1863. 
 
 0. P. Eaohes, Co. A, 28th P. Y. M. ; must, in June 19, 1863 : disch. July 28, '63. 
 
 Joseph G. Emery, Co. G, 99th P. Y. ; must, in 1661 ; died Jan. 2, 1863. 
 
 Harry P. Force, Co. B, 88th P. Y. ; must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; disch. June 13, 1865 ; 
 veteran. 
 
 CharlesFrey, Co. G,lstP. E. Y. C; must, in June 6, 1861; wounded at Gettys- 
 burg : trans, to 190th P. Y., May 30, 1864; veteran. 
 
 Hamilton Yanderslice, Co. G, 1st .P. R. Y. 0. ; must, iu July 12, 1861 ; trans, to 
 190th P. Y. May 31, 1864; veteran. 
 
 Corpo7-aU. 
 Charles Boyer, Co. ^, 71st P. Y.; must, in Aug. 8, 1861 ; died Deo. 18, 1863, of 
 
 wounds received at Missionary Eidge, Tenn., Nov. 25, 1863. 
 Aaron L. Burke, Co. D, 4Ist P. Y.; must, in June 22, 1861; killed at Bull Run 
 
 Aug. 30, 18fi2. 
 Wilbur F. Carey, Co. H, 82d P. Y. ; must, in Aug. 29, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 16, 1862 , 
 
 ,for wounds received at Malvern Hill July 1, 1862. 
 
 Pi-ivates. 
 John Bare, Co. A, 61st P. Y. ; died at Washington, D. C, May 24, 1864, of 
 
 wounds received at Wilderness May 6, 1864. 
 Henry Batt, Co, G, Ist P. E. Y. 0. ; must, iu June 6, 1864 ; killed at Antietam, 
 
 Md,, Sept, 17, 1862. 
 Davis M, Phillips, Co, C, 4th P. Y. 
 Capt, Michael Tovvers, Jr,, 6th Penna. Cav. 
 Maj. A.' D. Price, 6th Pehua, Cav. 
 
 In Phoenixville the " Wayne Guards" and the " Phoenix Artillerists" were or- 
 ganized early in the spring of 1861, but these two companies, after offering 
 themselves to the government for months and being refused, because the call 
 had already been filled, kept up their organization in expectation of a further 
 requisition for troops, and drilled regularly. At length the summons for three 
 years' men camei and on June 6 these two companies, accompanied by the al- 
 most entire population of that borough, marched to the depot and departed. 
 The Guards were taken to New York, becoming Co. K, of the 7l8t (California) 
 Regiment, Pennsylvania Yolunteers, and the Artillerists to Camp Wayne, at 
 West Chester, where they were mustered in aa Company G of the 1st Pennsylva- 
 nia Reserves. 
 
 In the fall of 1861 some men from Schuylkill township enlisted in Co. F, 88th 
 P. Y., and the same season Lieut. Eugene J. Weeks took from Phoenixville a 
 detachment of men who united with Go. I, 67th P. Y. 
 
 In August, 1862, a detachment of Chester County volunteers, under the com- 
 mand of Lieut. 0. W. Sears, joined'Co. F, 160th P. V. , 
 
 In the western part of the county zUany men crossed over into Lancaster and 
 enlisted, while during a l.ater period hundreds went to Philadelphia and joined 
 the service ; hence it is impossible to get the names and records of such, or of 
 any not recruited ibr Chester County organizations. 
 
 MILITIA OKGANIZATIONS OF 1862. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT. 
 Organized Sept. 11-13, 1862 ; discharged Sept. 23-25, 1862. 
 . COMPANY 0. 
 Capt. George W. Gordon, 1st Lieut. M. T. Euth, 2d Lieut. J. L. Suydam, 1st 
 Sergt. George W. Brpwn. 
 
 Benjamin Skeeu, Joseph Adams, Charles L. Hoopes, John Alfred. 
 CoryoraU. 
 
 George T. Jones, L. W. Ayars, Isaiah Paxson, Benjamin Yeoman, William F. 
 Hilton, Eber Garrett, Henry Webster, George W. Wells. 
 
 Musician John Mason. 
 
 Privates, 
 
 Hamilton Balentine, Jonathan C, Baldwin, Samuel Black, Mifllin Battin, Ber- 
 nard Conard, John Dunn, Smith Detterline, John Donnelly, James Doug- 
 lass, Levi Dowlin, Eichard J, Dowling, Gibbons Ferrill, H, _H. Fleming, 
 Harmanus Gray, George Gray, Jerry Hoopes, John Hickm'an, Oliver Hamp- 
 ton, Walker Hilton, El W. Hoppersett, Temple Jones, Wm. Kirke, John L. 
 Kirke, Samuel Lineinger, Justus Law, S, S. Lamborne, Henry Lukens, 
 Samuel Maples, E. B. Miller, Moses Mendenhall, Ellis Miller, George W. 
 Morgan, H. H. Maceduff, J. C. Marshall, John McKeown, Jerry McCarty, 
 Joseph McCorkle, Bowen Parke, John Parke, Joseph S. Pinkei-ton, John B. 
 Rogers, J, P. Ringwalt, Patrick Ryan, Frasier P. Stanley, Edward Sheehey, 
 Richard Searle, Jacob Shelmire, Slater Springer, Daniel Sullivan, Wilmer 
 Strong, John Spackman, Davis Thomas, W. B. Yanleer, Hunter J. Wills, 
 John Walker, Alfred Webster, Silas D. Yerkes. 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT. 
 
 (Organized Sept. 6-13, 1862 ; discharged Sept. 23-25, 1862.) 
 Major George M. Rupert, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 Capt. James Hughes, 1st Lieut. Joseph G. Massey, 2d Lieut. John B. Patton, 1st 
 Sergt. John S. Wiley. 
 
 Amos G. Wilson, Thos. B. Miller, Wm. Armstrong, Joseph Jefferis. 
 
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 xxxi 
 
 Coi'poraU. 
 Spencer B. JackBon, Eicliard Hindman, Robert M. Iiwin, Jdhn Kindig,"^'!!!. B. 
 Haslett, B. Frauk Cloud, Thos. B. Murshall, David 11. Hiudmau. 
 
 MimcianB, 
 
 Lewis Foulk^ Hayes Kendig, 
 
 Samuel Boyer, James Boyd, 'Willinm Bojd, Thomas Boyd, Henry A. Brown, 
 Theodore A. Baldwin, J. Lewis Baker, Thomas A. Bent, Stephen E. Boggs, 
 William Ghapnuin, Uiram K. Cooper, Israel H. Cochran, .Iqnies Cumiuings, 
 Truman Cooper, James 11. Crosby, ■William Dixon, Edward Doan, John H. 
 Elliott, Aguew E. Futhey, Jacob F. Fence, Thomas J. Gibson, James Gib- 
 son, Enoch Gray, Eichard Greene, Beuton Hunter, Benj. F. Haiuill, James 
 C. Hamill, Israel Hamill, Alfred Hamlll, Joel M. Harvey, Aquilla Holt, 
 Wm. C. Harper, Thos. B. lliudman, Frank P. Hoflmau, Joseph F. Hoflmau, 
 Isaac G. Hilton, Samuel Hei-shberger, John E. Hershberger, Samuel I. 
 Hodgson, Beig. Irwin, Jesse Johnson, Samuel Jefl'oris, Maris Y. Jefi'eris, 
 liichard JoUusun, Samuel M. Jackson, William Jttcksun, Mahlou B. Kent, 
 Wm. M. Lowrie, George W. Lowden, John B. Miller, Aaron Miller, Mit- 
 chell A. Miller, John Miller, Amos Miller, Jr., John A.Morris, Wm. Morris, 
 Hugh Martin, Eobert Martin, David D. Mews, Eobert L. McClellan, John 
 A. Parke, Samuel U. Parke, Crosby B. Phipps, Wm. Powell, Wm. H. H. 
 Purke, Wm. Potts, Joseph Eamsay, Adam P. Eeid, Alfred B. Itambo, Wor- 
 thel Sterringer, James L. Stewai t, Wm. Y. Simpson, Wm. F. Slioemaker, 
 Geo. B. Stackhouse, Isaac Seltzer, Jr., Joseph F. Smith, Dallas W. Troupe, 
 F^ank Uuderzook, Wm. P. Wiley, Geo. W. Worrest, James P. Williams, 
 John W. Wade, David G. Wilson, John P. Wallace, Edward F. Wiight, 
 Samuel Walker, Robeii; Walker. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 Gapt George B. Thomas, 1st Lieut. Charles J. Hunt, 2d Lieut. Isaac Massey, 
 Ist Sergt. Joseph Hemphill, Jr. 
 
 Wm. H. Dallett, Wm. C. Barber, David M. McFarland, Jacob Sargeant. 
 
 Corporals. 
 T. Theodore Bauer, Levi Allison, Eobert W. Forrest, Wjlmer H. Garrett, Levi B. 
 McClees, Thos. B. Evans, Isaac M. Haldeman, Mortimer T. Jeffries. 
 
 Prtvate«. 
 J. Davis Ashbridge, Thos. Beaumont, Joseph G. Bennett, Franklin T. Bishop, 
 Wm. P. Barton, Joseph R. Beck, Samuel Butler, Goodwin Chalfaut, John 
 Chamberlain, Patrick Cochrau, Wm. Cochran, Bennett Cox, Jacob P. Cox, 
 J. Wm. Cox, Francis J. Darlington, Eichard S. Darlington, Aaron B. Davis, 
 Walter S. Dowell, Samuel E. Downing, Eichard G. Farra, Isaac D, Fertig, 
 Wm. H. Garrett, Phineas Garrett, John E. Gordon, Joshua E. Hibbard, Wm. 
 H. Hadsell, Garrett Haines, Wm. L. Hartman, R. P. Heudersou, Charles P. 
 Hewes, Joseph G. Hibberd, Josiah Hoopea, Thos. Hoopes, Jr., Wm. Hoopes, 
 Matthew U. Hopkins, Marcus Howard, Thos. D. Ingram, Jesse James, Jr., 
 Phineas P. James, Daniel W. Jeffries, Penuel King, Washington Kirk, 
 John A. Leslie, John A. McCauhey, Patrick O'Brien, Geo. B. Painter, Wm. 
 P. Painter, Samuel J. Parker, Smith Patteraon, Marcus Phillipsou, Henry 
 
 F. Price, Wm. Priest, J. Carpenter Ehoads, David Eutb, Theodore See, Jos. 
 
 G. Sharpless, Benj. F. Silt, Hubait F. Smuithwaite, John B. Starkey, W. 
 Marshall Swayue, John H. Swiuey, Franklin Taylor, Isaac J. Taylor, Jesse 
 J. Taylor, John W. Temple, Geo. Thomas, Ahjaham Wanger, Wm. W. 
 Wordruff, Wm. M. Woodward, Enos Worrall, Lewis E. Worrall. 
 
 TENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 (Organized Sept. 10-16, 1862 ; discharged Sept. 25-27, 1862.) 
 
 Col. Richard M. Frame, Uaj. Wm. B. Waddell. 
 
 COMPANY 0. 
 
 Capt. John L. Carter, 1st Lieut. David H. Cochran, 2d Lieut. James Linton, 1st 
 
 Sergt. Lewis E. Walton. 
 
 John Cummins, J. Bernard Walton, Alex. Morrison, Lewis Coates. 
 Corporals. 
 
 George Hunter, Hiram Bower, S. Henry Wright, Samuel Linton, Wm. Davis, 
 Caleb Pyle, Taylor Mercer, Eli Kerns. 
 P7-ivaleB. 
 
 Arthur Andrews. James Andrews, Nonis Bernard Wm. I'-B-o-Ward 
 r Broomall Allen A. Brosius, Washington Bunting, Wm. P. Bottomly, 
 J^hn W.t^^« r^oseph H. Basins, Mahlon G. Brosius, James I. Beniar , 
 Wm M Barefoot J. Calvin flicking, Andrew J. Blecher James P^Bant- 
 ^r Truman Brosius, Jesse Brosius, Cyrus Coates, Joseph G. Cloud, WiUiam 
 anlgaZTmoVcoate;, Joseph Cochran, Lemuel *• J*"^!-'-' '^ ^l ™' 
 Stay Doren, Jesse Davis, Jos. T. Evans, Wm. E. Furgison, Samuel Gil , 
 wl Grilt Samuel Gibson, Levi Green, John Hagin, Thomas L. Hent- 
 ZTn Mn^n Heidlebaugh, Albeit Heidlebaugh, James Hambleton, JusUce 
 J Snl^^rk^on, wm. HesMames Haney, Charles Hartshorne, Samuel T. 
 Hefdlebaugh, Benj. Irwin, David Jones, Wm. W. Jackson, Henry A. John- 
 fo" Johnson. Joseph W. Kent,Garrison Kent, ■'o-P'' ^a-'"™^ 
 tLw Mackey Patrick Mackey, Montgomery Moneghan, Wm. F. Mc- 
 oCa^s; G^l MoNeale, Patters'on McOcmmins. Thomas McCullough, 
 
 Charles McNeal, Jacob McNeal, Edward S. Pennington, Richard Eeed, Geo. 
 ■ Ross, Eichard Eiale, Wm. S. Eobinson, Oliver Shaw, Joseph Scott, Harvey 
 Scott. Franklin Snodgrass. John W. Thomas. Clayton Thompson, Honry 
 Talbot, William N. Wood, Asa Webster, Thornton Walton, Charles Wat- 
 son, Nathan P. Walton. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 Capt. Thomas Eeed, 1st Lieut. Thomas Towi^end, 2d Lieut. Charles H. Areson, 
 Ist Sergt. George Kerr. 
 
 SergenniB. 
 John W. Roberts, Theo. P. Apple, Ohas. W. Henderson, Theodore B. Beaumont. 
 
 Corporals. 
 David Patterson, James Donley. James Finnigan, John Thomas. 
 Musician Harvey S. Woollerton. 
 
 Privates. 
 Geo. D. Ashbridge, Isaac Acker, CharlesF. Brown, Wm. Bowen, William Butler, 
 
 Jesse Baker, Antoine Bolmar, Cbai-les.Balduff, George Cox, Edward W. 
 
 Capron, Ezi-a Cope, Jacob Devoe, Samuel H. Davis, Samuel Darlington, 
 
 Thomas C. Darlington, Jasper Dulin, Thomas Dolby, James Davis, Jasper 
 
 Darlington, James H. Eltonhead. 
 Charles Fairlamb, pro. to qrmr. 
 Andrew Ferrell, Andrew Furlong, William Glasby, Morton H. Garrett, Addison 
 
 Haines, Harrison Hampton. EUwood C. Hickman. Geo. G. Hippie, John 
 
 Hickman, Charles E. Hiester, Ralph H. Harvey, Charles Jacobs, Wm. Lewis. 
 Emmar B. Lamborn. pro. to qiinr.-sergt. 
 William Lackey. William Harris, William Mercer. 
 John G. Mei-eer, accidentally killed Sept. 26, 1862. 
 Wm. B. M'Diirmond, John D. Petit, John S. Paxon. Henry M. Paxon. Cyrus P. 
 
 Painter. John G. Eobiuson. Abram D. Saltier. 
 Casper Stevenson, accidentally killed Sept . 26. 1862. 
 P. Frasier Smith. Oliver J. Strode. Isaac N. Shoffner, David Shoemaker. Abram 
 
 Still. Edwin 0. Taylor, Joel Taylor. 
 Ellwyn E. Taylor, accidentally killed Sept. 28, 1862. 
 Frank B. Townseud, Jacob Turner,. James G. Thompson, E. B. Thompson, Henry 
 
 Wallings, George Way, Jqhn W. Way, Wm. Welch, Pierce Woodward, Caleb 
 
 Watson, Helton C. Yarnell. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 Capt. James B. Evorhart, 1st Lieut. Wm. N. Worthington, 2d Lieut. Penrose J. 
 Murphy, 1st Sergt. Geo. W. M. Silvers. 
 
 Wm. Tussey, Malen Jenkins, Samuel P. Hannum, Wm. M'Cormick. 
 
 Corporals. 
 John B. Harry, William P. Swayne, Geo. P. Wickersham, Charles H. Swoyne, 
 Goo. W. Love, Eugene V. Harry, Thomas H. B. West, Joseph Long. 
 
 Musicians. 
 
 Joseph H. Letford, Edward S. Letford. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Henry Brosius. Taylor Brown, Eobert Brooks. Alfred Craig. Philip Coyle. Sam- 
 uel Conner. Samuel A. Cooper. Howard Davis, Elisha JJarliugton. Nathaniel 
 Edwards, Joseph H. Edwards. Daniel K. Frazer, William Gregg. Alfred 
 Galliner, Lidwell Green, Jr., Abraham Glascomb, William Harry, Evan 
 Jenkins, Geo. C. Jackson, Myer Loebe, John Lnpold, Jesse Moore, Stephen 
 Moore, Wilmer W. McNutt, Edward Neal, AJexanderPeoples, John F. Pierce. 
 George W. Passmore. Wm. W. Eing, Eichard N. Reardon. Wm. Eobinson, 
 John Eobinson, Wm. T. Sterne, Franklin Taylor, James W. Turner, Lewis 
 Turner, Enus T. Wickersham, Wm. H. White, Alfred YSrkes, Pehnel Yet- 
 ter, Edwin A. Yerkes. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 Capt. Wm. A. Moore, 1st Lieut. Thomas L. Lewis, 2d Lieut. Mahlon J. Smith, 
 1st Sergt. Eli Palmer. 
 
 Wm. B. Pierce, Lewis W. Shields, Patrick M'Hale. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 Joseph Hunt, Henry C. Baldwin, Hiram W. Hannum, Frank Haines. 
 
 Musician John W. Fithian. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Benj. F. Alloways, Eichard Albertus, Joel S. Bailey. Abraham Baldwin. John- 
 son Baldwin. John Burns, Pierce H. Burns, George 6. Cardwell, Frank H. 
 Cheyney, Allen Cope, Evan Davis. Christian S. Emory. Albert L. Entrikeu, 
 Michael Farrell. Jesse Farrell, Samuel E. Fisher. John P. Ford. Edward 
 Foster. Patrick Gillen, John Grant, Thomas Grant, George D. Haines, Wm. 
 P. Huey, Jacob B. Jefferis, Samuel John, James Kelley, Martin Keogh, 
 Henry S. Kessler, Joshua H. Ladley, Jacob Locke, Lewis Loveland, Caleb 
 J. Matlack, J. Hoopes Matlack, Dauiel March, John G. Mercer, Geo; W. 
 Mercer, J. Lewis Meredith, Joseph T. Muitagh, Andy McConnel, Samuel 
 McDonald, Alfred McLear, William McNamee, Samuel L. Olwiuo, Thomas 
 E. Ottey. Charles H. Pennypacker, James Pierson, Geo. Pierson, J. Heber 
 Plank, Henry H. Pyle, John Pharoah, Thomas Scott, J. Gilpin Seal, Otto 
 
XX^ll 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Smedlcy, Patrick Sheehan, Anderson Stewart, William Stine, Alfred A. 
 Tangway, Stephen M. Taylor, Levi E. Thomas, Henry C. Thompson, Geo. 
 D. White, Henry C. Wood, Bentley Worth. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Gapt, William Hanna, 1st Lieut. Joel P. Conrad, 2d Lieut. John G. Davis, Ist 
 Sergt. Charles N. SprouL 
 
 Sergeanl9. 
 
 John Powell, Joel Terry, Smith Maloney, Nelson Hammond. 
 Corporals. 
 
 J. Armstrong Coates, Kobei-t C. Kelton, Thomas Frances, Jeremiah Underwood, 
 Isaac Vaudegraft, Wm. Johnson, James Michiner, Henry M'fadden. 
 
 Musician John W. Hanna. 
 
 Prwaiee. 
 
 Thomas Allen, Nathan B. Butler, John Bracen, Gibbons Bailey, Barkley Coch- 
 ran, John S. Conard, Wm. Carson, William H. Growl, Joseph Edwards, 
 Joseph Everson, Moses Foreman, Geo. N. Grey, Thomoa Goodwin, Malilon 
 Goodwin, Cyrus Galbreath, Henry Holt, Mahlon Ironside, Wm. Jeanes, Isaac 
 Jackson, Geo. Jackson, David K. Jackson, Daniel Lukens, George Leonard, 
 Wm. Loaf, Samuel Messimer, Mahlon Michiner, Samuel Miller, Daniel 
 MoKarnes, Wm. McCallister, Samuel Pusey, Arthur Russell, James Storey, 
 Jesse Spencer, William Stern, Geo. Stern, William Shearer, Joseph B. Smith, 
 Chas. F. Smith, Wm. H. Smith, Geo. Shaw, Isaac Tliompsou, B. F. Under- 
 wood, Bobert Underwood, Alfred WiUon, Hubert Wright, Joseph Walter. 
 
 TWELFTH REGIMENT. 
 
 (Organized Sept. 11-16, 1802 ; disch. Sept. 25-27, 1862.) 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Capt. Wm. R. Ash, 1st Lieut. Jason D. Broomell, 2d Lieut. Wm. H. Gilbert, Ist 
 
 Sergt. Isaac Cook. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 T. Elwood Chalfant, Hamilton W. Bussell, Samuel Epright, Geo. W. Price. 
 
 Corjporals. 
 John K. Bailey, Lewis K. Humpton, Alfred L. Hughes, John W. Gilbrough, 
 Thomas Peace, Thomas W. Harlan, Wm. Clark, Stephen G. Cook. 
 
 Mancians. 
 Geo. F. Young, William Price. 
 
 Privates, 
 
 Aides L. Ash, Harlan W. Boyd, Samuel H. Compton, Evan Chalfant, Andrew J. 
 Ditman, Gideon Dean, Wm. P. Dunlap, Andrew B. Davis, John Elliott, Wm. 
 Eberman, .Tames G. Ford, Henry Freeland, Wm. D. Griffith, Charles Gill, 
 Buos F. Harley, Joseph Hughes, Wm. J. Kauffmau, Samuel W. Kirk, John 
 W. Moore, Mordecai Markwood, James B. Myers, Caleb W. Maun, Cloud 
 Martin, Thomas Martin, Thomas Mijitland. 
 
 Thos. M. Moore, pro. to sergt-miijor Sept. 19, 1862. 
 
 John McCormick, Robert McCorkle, Geo. D. Peoples, Rudolph Phy, David W. 
 Russell, Joseph D. Riday, Frank D. Ramsey, John X. Seymour, Tlios. R., 
 Stewart, Robert B. Shoemaker, James Stewart, Samuel Steen, Gibbons 
 Stringer, Benj. B. F. Tinsley, John W. Towusley, Albert Thatcher, Caleb 
 Townsend, Henry D. White, Lewis Woodward, John Wagner, Ellis W. 
 Walker, Robert J. Young. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 Capt. Templin B. Thomas, 1st Li ut. William D. Davis, 2d Lieut. Joseph F. Hill, 
 1st Sergt. George A. Roberts. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Preston J. Thomas, John M. Zook, John Z. Clark, Wm. Trimble. 
 Corporals, 
 
 George Covington, Joseph Meredith, George F. Wells, John Lewis, Joseph Bast- 
 wick, John F. Roberts. 
 
 Magicians, 
 
 John Hellings, John Osmond. 
 
 Privates, 
 
 Lewis Adams, James Beals, Jackson Burnett, John T. Bell, James D. Bartlett, 
 Matthew Berry, Thos. Charlton, Henry Clark, John Dailey, Jolm Dougherty, 
 Charles Dougherty, George W. Davis, Edward Dougherty, Edward Dolly, 
 John Fisher, Samuel Gibson, Jonathan Gordon, Robert C. Gray, James H. 
 HofTman, Jno. Hale, Geo. W. Jacobs, Juo. W. Jacbbs, Evan John, Wesley P. 
 John, Henry Kirkner, Esau Loomis, Sam. Lewis, Ed. Maguire, Jacob H. B. 
 Moore, Richard D. Meredith, Isaac T. Meredith, Alfred McMinn, Alex. Mc- 
 Quirns, Wm. H. Preston, Rich. T. Pierson, Abel Patterson, Henry R. Parker, 
 Henry Rowan, John Robison, Charles B'.iine, John Roberts, John Staley, 
 Thomas Speakman, George H. Stackhouse, Caleb Swane, Joseph Suymlar, 
 Wm. Stackhouse, Abram V. Trimble, Thomas D. Trimble, Oliver Townsend, 
 Eber Townsend, Harris Trego, Charles Vernon, Jonas J. Walker, John 
 Woolerton, William Wells, Nathan Wheatley, Arthur Wheatley, James 
 Welsh, John M. Zook, Jr. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Capt. Abraham Fetters, Jr., 1st Lieut. Jacob Acker, 2d Lieut, Joseph P. Binga- 
 man, 1st Sergt. Abraham R. Stauffer. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Evan B. Evans, T. Lewis Yickers, John S. Bowen, John A. Buchanan. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 William H. Quay, Joseph Hughes, Joshua P. Harry, William W. Stiteler, Edwin 
 Phillips, Jacob S. Griffith, Benjamin Hartman, Wm. W. Moses. : 
 
 Musician Jesse Opperman. 
 
 Privales. 
 
 Joseph B. Aspell, Frank Brown, Harrison H. Buck waiter, Samuel S. Buckwalter, 
 Robert Bingaman, Wm. Binder, John Clark, Jacob Carter, Jacob Doweese, 
 Thos. B. Deweese, Henry Day, Joseph H. Davis, Isaac Daivis, A. Wills Davis, 
 John B. Evans, Webster Evans, Joshua Earushaw, Samuel V. Hughes, John 
 Hughes, Isaac A. Hartman, George Heck, George W. Haldeman, Daniel 
 Hendrick, .Jos. Hart, Absalom Johnson, Preston W. King, George C. Kimes, 
 Henry Lynch, J. Lybrand Lewis. 
 
 John Lewis, pro. to qrmr. -sergt. Sept. 18, 1862. 
 
 J. Davis March, Joseph S. March, Joseph Mosteller, William "K. Mosteller, Jos. 
 S. Mann, David McKissic, Elisha MeOaraher, Bernard Nyman, Uriah 
 Peck, Abram F. Quay, Bdwip Rogers, George Regesler, Henry Speakman, 
 William H. Stiteler, Joseph Super, John Sears, Edward M. Strickland, J. 
 Elwood Stiteler, John K. Stine, Nathan B. Smiley, George T. Thorn, James 
 Thomas, Carl D. Ulrey, Leighton Wynn. 
 
 SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 (Organized Sept. 17, 1862 ; discharged Sept. 25, 1862.) 
 COMPANY K. 
 Capt. Joseph McMullin, 1st Lieut. Samuel L. Cause, 2d Lieut. William L. Jack- 
 son, 1st Sergt. Edward Taylor. 
 
 Sergeants, 
 
 James A. Brattan, Joshua Heald, Thomas H. Lewis, Harvey Lang. 
 Cbrporrtb. 
 
 George Smith, Franklin Woodward, William H. Miles, William West, Harvey 
 Graves, William C. Ferrell, Franklin Maxwell, Passmore G. Harlan. 
 
 Musician William W. Archer. 
 
 Privates, 
 
 Harman Albright, Samuel Barrett, Wesley Barnes, Niven Booth, Bayard T. 
 Cooper, Joseph T. Chandler, John M. Crosier, Pannenas Campbell, Thomas 
 Chandler, Marshall Cloud, Alban Davis, Edward Darlington, Franklin Dar- 
 lington, George W. Evanson, Albertus Holingsworth, StEphen W. Harian, 
 Franklin Heald, Hiram Hall, Barclay Hanuum, Harvey Jeffries, Sainuel 
 Kendall, George Kitchen, Francis Levering, Pennock Mai-shall, Cliai'^ 
 Malin, Edward I. Moore, Charles Mai-shall, William T. Mendenhall, William 
 Mercer, William H. Millhouse, Hi-am McFadden, Mercer McFadden, Wil- 
 mer Plankinton, Cbaries H. Pyle, Franklin Pierce, William Pyle, Lewis 
 Pyle, William Poole, Webster Plankinton, John Robinson, Samuel Ritchie, 
 John Ritchie, James Rone}', Bzekiel M. Beece, Loofe Reece, Ezra Sill, Thos. 
 Steele, Alex. Steele, Brinton Taylor, John Turner, Milton Taylor, Henry 
 White, Theodoie Woodward, William Worrall, Townsend Walter, William 
 Way, David Windle, Fayton M. Wood, William A. Williams, Franklin 
 Wickersham, 
 
 TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 (Organized Sept. 15, 1802 ; discharged Sept. 24-30, 1802.) 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Capt. A. Judson Rowland, 1st Lieut. Jesse Orr, 2d Lieut. Henry 0. March 1st 
 
 Sergt. William Rylands. 
 
 Valentine Bums, Hiram Ellis, James Ponnypacker, James McDermond. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Lewis Brownback, Henry Pennypacker, Matthias Yerger, William Carl, John 
 
 Towers, Allen Major, Firman Brook, Henry Scathard. 
 Musician Robert Colling. 
 
 Privates, 
 
 Ellis Bear, Levi Custer, Jesse Custer, James Cauler, George Creasey, Valentine 
 De Haven, Nathaniel Dotterer, Henry Eppehemer, John Fink, James 
 Elliott, Franklin Eppehemer, Effiuger Fisher, John Garber, Jacob Geyer, 
 William Gausman, Adam Grander, Matthias Glenine, Abraham H. Huus- 
 berger, Edward B. Hockel, John Hariey, Isaac Harloy, Thomas Jones, 
 Francis Lubbo, Joseph M. Miller, Moses Mattis, Alban Miller, Lewis Posey[ 
 Peter Pei-schcs, Isaac Pennypacker, Allen 8. Pennypacker, Boyer Rlneharti 
 Daniel Rowland, Henry Rawo, Mark Binehart, Samuel Saffron, Joseph b! 
 Scatchard, Henry Steinwork, William Schmearer, Benjamin F. Stauffer^ 
 Frederick Setzler, John Scatchard, Isaac Suell, Cyrus P. Thomas Josenli 
 Thomas. ' 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Capt. Peter Colehower, 1st Lieut. Jesse 6. Yeager, 2d Lieut. David G. Wells 1st 
 Sergt. Addison Wilson. ' ■' 
 
 Sergeants. 
 John Massey, Samuel Groaoy, Mahlon Sowers, Anthony Irey. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Zimmerman Colehower, John H.Davis, John A. Bingaman, Francis Latshaw 
 Peter D. Steitler, Septimus Tustin, Joseph Griffith, Thomas Hilborn. 
 
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 XXXlll 
 
 Mueiciana. 
 
 Joha E. Lewis, George W. Wainwriglit. 
 
 Frivalea. 
 
 John E. Bowers, Franklin Bickart, Jeremiah H. Binder, Eilward Bickel, Joseph 
 H. Bingaman, Charles F. Bijwmau, Lewis C. Buckwalter, Stephen S. Browu- 
 hack, Joseph Chrlstnian, David Crowley, Killium H. Coulstoii, Edward Der- 
 ricks, William H. Ephrigh, Beiijumiu F. Evans, Robert Forrest, Kinehart 
 M. Fisher, John Fleming, Charles Greenfield, Jacob Halm, Geo. W. Kueer, 
 Muurice Mancill, Beiyamiu H. Moyer, Hugh F. MuWilliums, Wilson Ny- 
 niien, Levi Overdorf, Henry OberhoUzer, Jonathan Priest, Abraham Pugh, 
 George W. Bapp, Harrison M. Kodgers, Aaron H. Snyder, William D. Snell, 
 Eli Shick, Henry Schock, Cyrus Swinhart, Heuson L. Shaw, Theodoi-e 
 Sowers, Jonathan D. Seasholts, George W. Slifer, Edward Williama, Mor- 
 decai Williama, Alexander Wise, William J. Wagoner, Lewis Wilsou, 
 Washington Wiight, Isaac Weuuel, Jesse Woodland, George A. Weber, 
 Charles Yeager. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Capt. Horace A, Beale, 1st Lieut. Oliver H. Torbet, 2d Lieut. William H. Hap- 
 persett, Ist Sergt. James F. Bishop. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 George B. Moore, Isaac Pennell, Charles B. Elston, John Hoopea. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 Benjamin I. Torbet, Harry Myers, Beiyamiu F. Gallagher, Speakman Gray, 
 Dennis Lyon, William Morgan, Thomas Leslie, James P. LlUey. 
 
 Musician Joseph C. Hall. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Edward Ahn, George G. Ahn, John Bokes, laaacher Baum, Michael Burns, James 
 Brown, William H. Bronsou, Isaac L. Batten, Nathaniel G. Cohen, Tliouias 
 J. Cummings, Timothy Coffee, Benjamin Deller, JSamnel Deller, Jr., Jacob 
 Danklemau, Henry H. Elston, John W. Freeman, Griffith T. S. Gray, Bei^jii- 
 min F. Gray, Worth E. Gray, Edwin Hoskina, John Henry, Jr., William M. 
 Hoopea, Ezekiel Hamilton, George P. Irwiu, Oliver C. Jackson, John Keecb, 
 Patrick Kelley, John Leslie, Charles V. McCorkle, William D. McFarlan, 
 Uriah W. Osborne, William H. Pennel, Lewis Peuuel, John Peunel, Joseph 
 B. Pennel, John D. Raively, Thomas D. Sniedley, John Shelly, Geoi-ge H. 
 Seavera, Isaac Spackman, Michael Smith, William St. John, William H. Tor- 
 bet, Milton Trimbler, George B. Thompson, Isaac White, Lewis White, Peter 
 
 Young. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Capt. Matthew Barker, 1st Lieut. Levi Fetters, 2d Lieut. Cbaries H. Moorehead, 
 
 l3t Sergt. Isaac W. Davis. 
 
 SergeatUs. 
 
 John P. Ford, Thomas Eiley, Carver W. Hall. 
 Corporals. 
 
 John P. Taylor, Charles Barr, Stephen Dean, Thomas A. Fish. 
 Privates. 
 
 Aaron Brown, John Bowker, Isaac Bonett, Alex. Colel.ower, William Dean, 
 Beniamiu Dailiugton, Martin Dean, John Detwiler, James Daley, Hanuer 
 W Davis ■William Kachus, James Evanson, Eugene Bartholomew, Wilbam 
 Wnuell Frank Gnnkle, Michael Gunkle,Eva« Griffiths, J. Wayne Goulder, 
 Eber E.' Hampton, James Hilles, Isaac H. Hampton, Henry Henderson, 
 Lewis J Henry, B. H. Hibberd, Joseph Jacobs, George Jacobs, Jr., ;\illiam 
 Jacobs, Jobn Jacobs, Isaac King, Jonas King, Kobert Kirkner, William B. 
 Lavill, Christian Lapp, Cyrns Majorem, John W. Moore, James McLear, 
 James F McLeaf, William McDonald, Francis Pratt, Ephraim K.cha ds. 
 He" y B^^B-iter, jL^ob T. Register, George B. 3^>berts, Walker Bugers Jef- 
 fCo A. Eeitenbaugh, George W. Beitenbaugh, William Tower Phmp A. 
 T^.ble James L. Todd, William Thomas, Isaac Thomas, John Tolan. 
 Jamt A. Vernon, Archimedes 11. Wilson, James U. Wallace, W. Henry 
 
 Wells, William Zeigler. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Capt. Thomas A. Hicks, 1st Lieut. Joseph Queril. 2d Lieut. Enoch Moore, 1st 
 
 Sergt. Samuel H. Baker. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 smith Heston, Samuel Hughes, Bmmer Gawtho,-p, Marris C. Kirk. 
 
 Oorfordls. 
 Barclay Hoopes, Joseph Hoopes, Jesse K. Eeynolds, Joseph Barber, Marris Tay- 
 lor, John Y. Wilson, John A. Marrow, Howard Preston. 
 Privates. 
 
 Joseph B^wn, Howard L. Bake. ^'-l^^^^^Tt^^^^^U. 
 nam Brown, Jr.. Joshua G_BaUey,John^B^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^ 
 
 Bernard, Keuben Baker, John J^ "cy" --^ ^^ 0. Baker, 
 
 Baker, W""- Benk. Be^«n^ F^ ^glte'l H Ounoingha'm, Levi Clayton, 
 Elisha Baker, BuntouH. Chambers sa Darlington, 
 
 Martin Cunningham, Thomas O""-. J°^" ^i:^;^ ^n Gotten, Amos 
 Henry Downey, Joseph G. '^^''"''T'trWmB Hodgson, Daniel Henry, 
 G. Hooper, Wm. W. Hooper, Jesse G. «'*»■ ^ "j "; '^^j,, ^.tev Lam- 
 Thcs. Hooper, Patrick Hcgerty, George Jaa^, T^-f-^f; j^;,,,„,„ Mac- 
 borne, John Linton, Ed. Logan Jacob ^^-"'^^''f ^„„i„„ Murray, 
 kreth, John MulbeiTy, Sidney Marsh, Jr., George Jamei, 
 
 Albert L. Michener, William S. Martin, Patrick McNolley, William H. Ort- 
 lep, John A. Pylo, Morris V. I'yle, Jonathan Pierce, William Pyle, William 
 M. Pyle, Benjamin P. Pyle, Smith Preston, John Pearson, John Pyle, Jr., 
 Martin Pyle, Kersey Roberts, Samuel W. Speakman, James Storry, Samuel 
 Snyder, Martin Shay, John Springer, Abens B. Stuart, Samuel A. Steele, 
 Thomas Stroud, Joseph B. Speakman, Thomas Storry, George W. Steele, 
 Joseph Underwood, Heli Widdoos, B. Randolph Wilson, John M. White, 
 George Waggoner, Charles Waggoner, John Watson, Marshall Worth, Jona- 
 than T. Worth. 
 
 INDEPENDENT COMPANY. 
 
 (Organized Sept. 11, 1862 ; discharged Sept 29, 1852.) 
 Capt. William W. Andrews, Ist Lieut. Samuel A. Worth, 2d Lieut. Joseph Wil- 
 sou, 1st Sergt. Charles Rhoads. 
 
 S-irgeant8. 
 James C. Cunningham, David R. MoCnllough, Edward R. Paschall, Edward 
 Jones. 
 
 CorporaU. 
 Henry L. Brinton, James K. Jackson, Pusey J. Nichols, John T. Whitehead, 
 
 Charles C. Worth, Bbenezer J. Cross, David Strickland, Eli McKlssick. 
 Musician Newton E. Whiteside. 
 
 Pfivaies. 
 
 Nathaniel P. Alexander, William A. Bunting, Samuel M. Bee, John Bee, John 
 Barber, Frederick Clark, William A. Unnlop, William Eaves, Samuel D. 
 Gyles, George D. Hodgson, Henry D. Hodgson, Julius Henian, ganmel D. 
 Hutchison, Samuel A. Hansell, Joseph Hughes, James F. Johnson, William 
 V. Johnson, George B. Jackson, Alkansa Kennedy, John E. Morgan, Alex- 
 ander McCormick, Samuel McKeever, John C. McDonald, Jesse McCormick, 
 John McClurg, Barney McKearns, Fletcher McCarrigan, Samuel McClena- 
 han. Franklin McGough, Beiyamin F. McDonald, William Mclntire, John 
 F. H. Patterson, John W. Pollock, John C. Phillips, Charles Pickering, 
 Charles C. Rlday, John F. Biday, Charles Rupert, Henry Russell, WlUbim 
 EuBsell, Charies Bubincam, George Robinson, Barkley Roney, William M. 
 Smith,Robert Strickland, James Smith, Wilson Smith, Daniel W. Tomlin- 
 son, Robert N. Thomas, Daniel H. Weaver, James H. Walker, James P. 
 Wilson, Jackson A. Watts, Jacob Weaver, Robert F. Wilson, Nehemiah 
 Willits, Henry S. Worth. 
 
 INDEPENDENT COMPANY. 
 (Organized Sept. 16, 1862 ; discharged Sept. -22, 1862.) 
 
 Capt. Joseph Umstead,l8t Lieut. James McOlure, 2d Lieut. J. Grier McClure, 
 1st Sergt. George W. Werntz. 
 
 Bergeants. 
 
 Benjamin Y.Marshall, Parrens C. Windle, Jacob Sterrett, Joseph D. Mackel- 
 
 du£f. „ , 
 
 CorporOM. 
 
 Joseph Davis, John Seypherd, Jesse J. Dauman, James L.Johnson, George Y. 
 
 Davis, John G. Lewis, David R. Noill, Jacob C. Paxson. 
 
 JHusicianB. 
 
 Matthew K. Grier, William Hahn. 
 
 Prwat&. 
 
 James Buchanan, Gaston J. Bender, William Benner, Rees Brower, Thomas E. 
 Church, George Colter, William Haines Davis, Isaac M. Davis, Thomas S. 
 Davis Joel R Davis, Jesse B. Dunwoody, John Deisom, Samuel Essick, Levi 
 Kssick, Samuel Bpperheimer, Frank R. S. Forrest. James R. Forbes, Joseph 
 EGrubb, Aaron B. Grubb,John W. Good, Abner T. Griffiths, James M. 
 Hammond, Rees G. Happei-sett, Edward Helms, William Johnson Lewis 
 Jacobs Bd«in Kurtz, Joseph Keeley, Augustus D. Ludwig, John Liggett, 
 Be'jlrn G. Lewis, Thomas Lewis, Horace Long, John R. Miller William 
 pZre Moore, Samuel 0. Mackelduff, Jonathan Millard, Whitb.U Morton. 
 WilTam Morgln, Nathan- Manship, Baxter B. McClure, Samuel McClure 
 ; 1! Mrriure Henry McConnell, John McClees, Jr., James J. Neely, 
 ^rnk P X ;, B Zniin G. LeJ, Lesher P. Smith, Hibbard Stapleton, 
 SamlelC. Seypherd, James A. Seypherd, I. J. Sims, Ben amin Stigler, 
 Beramin M. Templeton, James B. Talbot (died, dat» unknown), John 
 ?empt. Joseph E. Wilson. Lewis Wilson. Jonathan S. Windle, Thomas J. 
 Windle. Eli H. Worrall, Charles Yocum. 
 
 INDEPENDENT CAVALRY COMPANY. 
 
 (Organized Sept. 13. 1862 ; discharged Sept. 24, 1862.) 
 
 Capt. Jacob Beaumont, 1st Lieut. A. H. Mye«, 2d Lieut. Charies Penrose, Jr.. 
 
 1st Sergt. Keuben Haines. 
 
 SergeaniM. 
 
 Samuel J. Torbet. Jesse Cloud. Samuel Moore. William T. Hunt. 
 
 Corporals. 
 « l.rt J Russell Frank Hickman. James Beaumont. Andrew J. Williams, 
 '""dI.^;!", Caleb Wagner, James T. Chandler, Caleb Phipps. 
 
 Buglers. 
 Jobn T. Valentine, William M. Elliott. 
 
 Privates. 
 ™ . A ToT^nP Buntine Robert L.Baldwin, Joshua B.Broomell, 
 
 William YC" C;! D:^ kiey WilUam C. Black, Joseph Cai.on. B. 
 ia:; — i i)aTg.on, J. Scott Davis, William Eachus, Taylor J. Grif- 
 
XXXIV 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 fith, Isaac S. Hinkeon, lewis. Hutton, Seth Hayes, Hanford HiuUson, Norris 
 M. Hannum, William F. Kurtz, Ephraim Lilley, Jr., Washington Miller, 
 David K. Martin, Kichard J. Morton, John W. Nieds, Joseph F. Plank, J. 
 Lewis Potts, Joseph W. Palmer, Caleb Pierce, Joseph Palmer, Thompson 
 Koberts, Jaoies h. Scott, Morris E. Shields, J. Henry Schrack, John Speak- 
 man, David Truerman, Henry Vanghen, Wesley Valentine, William A, 
 Valentine, Edwin R. Williamson, Robert M. Toung. 
 
 INDEPENDENT CAVALET COMPANY. 
 
 (Organized Sept. 13, 1863 ; discharged Sept. 28, lSfi3.) 
 Capt. Wayne McVeagh, 1st Lieut. Daniel B. Hinman, 2d Lieut. Davis W. En- 
 triken, 3d Lieut. Charles B. Lee, 1st Sorgt. Jefferson Shaner. 
 
 George Brinton, Robert P. Hulme, H. Heber Bull, Wilmer Miller. 
 
 Corpoi-aU. 
 Harry Williams, Washington Cox, Sharpless Hickman, Ephraim Stack, Torbert 
 
 Ingram, H. Cliff Hemphill, Joseph E. Hickman, Jesse J. Bennett. 
 Musician Jesse Kirk. 
 
 FHvateB. 
 Phineas T. Aitkens, Titus Bennett, Cheyney J. Bennett, James Bally, William 
 Baldwin, Harry M. Bowman, John H. Biles, Elwood Brinton, John U. Babb, 
 Olif S. Bates, Joseph G. Bennett, Charles Brinton, Joseph W. Barnard, 
 Joseph Brinton, David E. Chandler, William Cloud, Frederick M. Camp, 
 Samuel E. Davis, George W. Downing, Isaac L. Dutton, Thomas H. Dar- 
 lington, Harry Dutton, Emmor W. Entriken, Abram M. Gariett, Jonathan 
 B. Gheen, Alfi-ed C. Grubb, Kennard Gould, William H. Glenn, William 
 Greve, Chailes Gheen, John F. Hickey, William Heck, George B. Hickman, 
 Erederick Hewitt, Samuel G. Hickman, Robert Hamill, Lamborn Hall, 
 Walter Hibbard, Jr., William Higgiubottom , Jacob Hoopes, R. Tevis Hoopes, 
 William Ingrain, Bennett Johnson, William Kent, Charles E. Kelley. Carl- 
 ton Kenny, Edward Long, George Little, B. F. Lewis, Charlton Lack, Wil- 
 liam P. Mancile, Gheen Morgan, Edmund Manley, Alfred Moulder, William 
 Miller, Joseph Morgan, Joseph P. Massey, John E. Miller, Julius B. Miles, 
 George T. Matlack, Eber Priest, Wilmer Priest, Mitchel Painter, Richard 
 H. Plank, Wellington F. Priest, Strickland Pitt, Charles Paiste, David M. 
 Rennard, Morgan Reed, William B. Reid, Richard Strode, William O. 
 Stephens, James W. Sweeney, William Shepherd, George B. Stainrook, John 
 A. Shultz, Enos Seeds, William H. Sager, Eber Samples, William Sliaw, B, 
 Frank Sharpless, William H. Speakman, William P. Samples, Davis S. 
 Steele, Mordecai T. Steele, Edward Steene, Alfred Smedley, David H. Taylor, 
 Charles Temple, P. Lewis Taylor, Llewllyn Taggart, Marshall J. Taylor, 
 Cyrus L. Webb, Cooper Witherell, Joseph G. Williams, Joseph S. Wood- 
 ward, Enoch T. Williams, Authouy Williams, Thomas H. Whisler, Cbalkley 
 Williams, William M. Webb. 
 
 TWENTY-SEVENTH REGT. (EMERGENCY) INF. PA. VOLS. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 (Term of service "Existing Emergency": must, in June 19, 1863; must, out 
 
 Aug. 1,1863.) 
 Capt. William R. Ash, 1st Lieut. David S. Wright, 2d Lieut. Reese Welsh. 
 
 Thomas M. Moore, Enos C. Baker, Bobert J. Young, George W. Price. 
 
 CorporaU. 
 Samuel M. Brown, Alexander Henderson, Stephen G, Cook, Reese M. Bailey, 
 Thomas Conway, Joseph W. Hall, Frauk D. Ramsey, Philip Hames. 
 
 MvMciaTis. 
 
 William Price, John 0. Broomell. 
 
 JPrivatea. 
 
 Hugh Armstrong, William M. Ash, Harlan W. Boyd, Mordical Barnes, David F. 
 Bentley, Christian Brackbid, Henry 0. Bentley, John K. Bair, Teriy Corbett, 
 Henry Claik, Samuel B. Council, David Clemanstine, Martin Connelly, 
 Joshua G. Chandler, Henry C. Davis, William P. Dunlap, Gideon Dean, 
 Thomas Demaine, George Everhard, Jobu M. Entriken, John H. Elliott, 
 Joshua Ecoff, James Ford, Wesley Ford, Jacob Ford, Jeffrey Gill, William 
 M. Gordon, Robert H. Gordon, Robert W. Hilton, Joseph Hughes, John 
 Harlan, Thomas W. Harlan, Stephen N. Hall, David Irwin, James Irwin, 
 William Jackson, Joseph H. Kendig, William Lynch, James S. Long, James 
 Moffitt, Mordecai Markwood, William Mann, Thomas Martin, Benjamin 
 Markwood, Charles Morris, Tbomas B. Marshall, Joseph Mclntyre, William 
 McLimans, William McLune, John McOorniick, Robeit Oliver, Davis Peny, 
 Duvid W. Russell, James D. Russell, Robert Ralston, Joseph L. Riday, John 
 E. Riday, James D. Stott, Joshua L. Scott, John W. Smith, Gibbons Stiinger, 
 Charles Sweeney, Thomas R. Stewart, Benjamin Shoemaker, Robert Spence, 
 George Thackeray, Albert Thatcher, Benjamin R. F. Tinsley, William P. 
 Vandusen, Jacob White, Harvey D. White, William White, Bentley Waters, 
 James Wriglit, James Weidman, Henry C. Wilson, Marshall H. Webb. 
 
 TWENTY-NINTH. (EMERGENCY) INF. PA. VOLS. 
 (Term of service "Existing Emergency": must, in June 19, 1863; disch. Aug. 
 
 1, 1863.) 
 Col. Jos. W. Hawley, Maj. James B. Everhart, Adjt. Samuel H. Dickey, Qrnir. 
 George Maliu', Jr., Asst,-surg. Isaac Massey, Chap. W. F. P. Noble. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 Capt. William 0. Dickey, 1st Lieut. William T. Fulton, 2d Lieut. J. Frank Bow- 
 man, 1st Sergt. James H. Broomell. 
 
 Sergeanle. 
 Thomas Dilworth, Abraham Jefferis, Charles F, Kirk, Samuel Hodgson. - 
 Co^2'o»'<^^fl■ 
 Amos Cole, Samuel D. Hutchinson, Noitib Bernard, John C. Campbell, Joseph 
 M. Fulton, Joseph Sbowalter, James Johnson, George M. Thompson. 
 
 Musicians. 
 
 Robert Gilfillan, James Lightner, 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Augustus Brosius, John W. Bernard, William A. Bunting, Lewis Cooper, Thos. 
 L. Cooper, David H. Davis, John B. Davis, Richard B, Dilworth. 
 
 Samuel H. Dickey, pro, to ^djt. June 26, 1863. 
 
 Robert B. Ewing, pro. to hospital-steward June 23, 1SB3. 
 
 John Forgrove, J. B, Gaiise, John H. Greenfield, Samuel Green, Willing 0. . 
 Griest, John Gibson, William S. Hastings, William Hutchinson, Henry Holt, 
 Samuel S. Huss, Peter L. Jacquette, John Kauffnian, George M. Lamborn, 
 David Mundle, Joseph McFadden, William C. McCummins, Samuel H. 
 McCarter, George A. McNeal, Joseph McKelvey, Joseph L. McKim, Joseph 
 R. Nelson, Charles I'atton, John F. Riday, John A. Rupert, W. B. Sproat, 
 Charles Stannart, Robert N. Thomas, David Tomlinson, James Thompson, 
 Thomas B. Walton, William D. Walton, Lewis Walton, James H. Walker, 
 Plummer E. Walker, Alfred Wilson, Newton E. Whiteside. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 Capt. James A. Eicholtz, 1st Lieut. Mordecai F. Ruth, 2d Lieut. Stephen Blalch- 
 ford, 1st Sergt. George Brown. 
 
 John Brook, William M. Roberts, Ephraim Supplee, John F. Aldred. 
 Corporals. 
 
 Jacob Shelmire, Brown Parke, Reese H. Brower, Alfred Webster, Benjamin 
 Yeoman, Thomas Blatchford, William Yocum, Garson Bender. 
 
 Musician William Archer. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 George W. Aldred, J. Francis Bishop, Matthew Barry, Mifflin Batton, Almond 
 L. Brown, Jonah C. Baldwin, Edward Bennett, Philip Coyle, John G. Cal- 
 lahan, David M. Cloud, James Donley, J. Francis Dunwoody, Keer Evaus. 
 
 Elbert Hilton, trans, to U. S. Cav. July 10, 1863. 
 
 William Farrell, R, Francis Fornett, Wellington Fisher, Samuel R. Fish, Chas. 
 Griffith, John W. Good, Jamea Harrison, Henry Hoopes, Tbomas Hughes, 
 Temple Jones, John Jacobs, Levi Keim, William H. G. Haines, Samuel 
 Lawrence, William B. Laird, John Laird, Davis Miller, John Maloiig, Chsifi. 
 Meedam, James Matland, Theodore Myers, Joseph Meredith, William 
 McClune, J. Grier McGlure, Edward Neal, Jonah H. Pecket, J. Henry 
 Parke, James L. Pinkerton, Abel F. Peunypacker, James M. Pennypacker, 
 Charles H. Peunypacker, Joseph Potter, Lewis Pennell, Franklin M. Row- 
 land, Henry C. Regan, Charles W. Reed, Jacob E. B, Bingwalt, Ephraim 
 S. Richards, James Robinson, Thomas Sassaman, P. George Bonders. William 
 L. Smith, Jonah R. Smith, John School, Benjamin F. Smith, Vaughan 
 Smith, Benjamin String, Thomas Truman, James Thonton, George E. Wills 
 J. Hunter Wills, Eli H. Worrall, Isaac White, Thomas Wilson, Clarence 
 M.Yost, P. Hill Yarnall. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Capt. William M. Hinkson, 1st Lieut. Lewis Y. Evans, 2d Lieut. William H. 
 Whitehead, Ist Sergt. Holman V. Potter. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Barton D. Evans, Levi B. McOlees, Thomas P. Evans, Sens B. Hoopes. 
 
 CorporaU. 
 George W. Dowell, Frank J. Darlington, David Ruth, Samuel C. Smith, Hariy 
 Dilworlh, Sharpless Hickman, Wilmer W. Miller, John Way. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 John Agan, Joseph H. Bailey, Samuel Butler, George Brooks, Charles Brinton, 
 John B. Chandler, Elisha G, Cloud, Jacob H. Darlington, Chas. H. Duckett, 
 Joseph J. Duliii, Elisha Dariington, Walter S. Dowell, Richard S. Darling- 
 ton, Thomas H. Darlington, Nathan Edgertou, Evan B. Evans, Harry 
 Fahnestulk, George Fahuestalk, Phineas Garrett, William Griffith. 
 
 James M. Good pro. to asst.-surg. 20th Kegt. (Emergency) Inf. July 2, 18G3. 
 
 Thomas Hoopes, Clarkson Hall, Josiah Hoopes, Joseph Hunt, Francis Hoover 
 George B. Hickman, John F. Hickey, William L, Hartman, William Huey, 
 John E. Huey, Isaac M. Halderman, Joseph P. Ingram, Thomas D. Ingram] 
 Benjamin F. Irwin, Edward Jester, Heniy P. Jeffries, Oliver C. Jackson] 
 Benjamin F. Jackson, Michael Leach, Preston D. Lewis, Robert H. Miller* 
 Joseph J. Manis, Joseph W. Martine. 
 
 Isaac Massey, pro. to asst.-surg. June 27, 1S63. 
 
 Wayne MacVeagh, pro. to maj. and A. D. C. June 20, 1863. 
 
 Beiuamiu F. Naylor, George B. Painter, William P. Painter, John J. Parker, 
 Edgar Pratt, Ell Palmer, Haines R. Passmore, Ashberry S. Pennington, Jacob 
 H. Plank, Charles H. Pjle, Richard Plank, George M. Rupert, Caleb Rice 
 William Reed, William H. Rlioades, Mahlou J. Smith. Joseph G. Sharpless, 
 
KOSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 XXXV 
 
 George Stackhouse, Thomas Speakman, William 0. Stephens, GoovRe \V. 
 Staiiiruok, Ihomtis Smedley, Alfred Smedley, Edward Stein, William H. 
 Sager, Amos C. Sharpless, George B. Thomas, Isaac Thomas, Templin K. 
 Thomas, J. Preston Thomas, Miller Taylor, Phoolan L. Taylor, Chalkley 
 Williams, James B. Zane. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 Capt. Joseph McMnllen, 1st Liont. Edward D. Harlan, 2d Lieut. Lewis K. Uall, 
 Ist Sergt. Glarksun Mendenhull. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Edward Davis, Franklin Woodward, James A. Bratten, Henry G. Dixon. 
 
 Corporals, 
 Wm. H. Miles, Franklin Heald, Joshua K. Sharpless, Irwin S. Gause, Charles 
 Malin, Wm. T. Sterne, Joseph E. Martin, Jesse P. Hammer. 
 
 Privates, 
 
 Alfred A. Anderson, Joseph A. Bond, Lewi-i C. Brinton, Thos. W. T. Brown, 
 Joseph C. Beard, Wm. Cassils, Wm. J. Cloud, Brinton Cox, Harlan Doan, 
 Woodward A. Darwin, Wm. P. Davis, Franklin Darlington, Henry Francis, 
 Alfred B. Gause, Hanson Haines, Joseph Heald, Thomas Hlckey, Wm. S. 
 Jackson, Francis Levering, Wm. Mercer, Charles Mai-shall, Edward J. 
 Moore, Wm. T. Mendenhall, Angnstus S. Moore, Patrick McConnell, Abial 
 Nethery, Wm. Plankington, John Pierson, Daniel Rainton, Channing Steb- 
 bins, Edward A. Stafford, Cassius E. Stubbs, Lewis W. Smith, Charles S. 
 Shultz, Thomas P. Shields, Thos. M. Turner, Robert Woodward, Wm. S. 
 Worrall, Henry White, Wra. A. Williams, Henry C. Walters. 
 
 Edward White, pro. to com.-sergt. June 23, 18U3. 
 
 A. Jackson Watson. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Capt. Thomas W. Parker, 1st Liaut. James L. Maxton, 2d Lieut. Wm S. Collier, 
 Ist Sergt. Geo. W. M. Silvers. 
 
 Sergeants, 
 Isaac Wickersham, Isaac W. Sweeney, David Windier, Theo. B. Beaumont. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Henry'M. Worth, DeWitt C. Scott, Jesse K. McNelly, Edwin M. King, John G. 
 Whitecraft, Samuel Gibson, Nathan M. Ed^YardB, Wm. B. Grover. 
 
 Musicians, 
 
 Edwin S. Letford, John H. Letford. 
 
 Privates, 
 
 John Bare, Bernard Brinton, Geo. W. Bailey, Wm. Bahel, Howard Baker, Em- 
 mor Brown, Alfred Craig, Christopher Coon, Elisha G. Cloud, James L. 
 Creigh, Townsend E. Clark, James Christ, Milton M. Clark, Theodore Davis, 
 Anthony W. Dampman, George Douglass, Geo. W. Draper, Wm. Davis, Geo. 
 B. Eavonson, John T. Eachus, Geo. W. Freacolm, Thomas Fraine, Henry 0. 
 Fulton, John Frankenberger, Aaron B. Grubb, Edwin George, Geo. F. Gar- 
 rett, Joseph E. Grubb, Edward H. Hughes, James C. Heck, John B. Hen- 
 drickson, Jacob Heffelflnger, Norris Jackson, Evan Jenkins, Thomas John, 
 John Kolms, Jesse Kirk, John H. Kolp, John Levezey, Taylor Levezey, 
 James K. Laird, Horace B. Long, Bmmor B. Lamborn, Wm. Maris, Howard 
 W. Millard, Daniel McCauley, Levi H. Preston, Thomas Preston, John 
 Phelps, John A. Pyle, Anthony Roberts, Wm. Robinson, Albert Robinson, 
 Charles H. Swayne, Isaac Sypherd, John F. Sypherd, BenJ. P. Sterrett, 
 Matthias Shaffer, Geo. Sharplesa,Henry J. Stayers, Joseph Stedham, Thomas 
 Southwood, Wm. G. Taylor, Franklin Taylor, Abram Wanger, Henry C. 
 Webb, Wm. C. Witman, Abner Williams, Geo. W. Watson, Edwin A. Yerkea. 
 
 THIRTIETH EEGT. (EMERGENCY) INE., PA. VOLS. 
 
 (Mustered in June 20, 1803 ; discharged Aug. 1, 1863.) 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Capt. James Hughes, 1st Lieut. Joseph J. Masaey, 2d Lieut. Wm. Hanna, 1st 
 
 Sergt. Samuel B. Walton. 
 
 W. R. T. Boggs, Wm. H. Hanna, Benj. H. Bailey, Isaac Seltzer. 
 Cor^aorals, 
 
 Henry McFadden, Wm. M. Lowrie, John Miller, Benj. F. Hamill, Samuel Jack- 
 son, Francis Magau, Joseph Edwards, Jacob L. Baker. 
 
 Musician David Reifsuyder. 
 
 Privaies, 
 
 James Boyd Joseph C. Boyden, Clifton Barthe, Thomas Bernard, Thomas A. 
 Be!. Theo. A Baldwin, Evan Bailey, Brinton Bernard Truman Cooper, 
 wm T. Dain, Henry Freeland, Wm. Ferguson, Wn>. H^ Green, John B. 
 Ha"na, John W. Hunt, Jeffries Hallowell, John B. Heudnckson, Francs 
 B Zt, Albert Hamill, Malin Ironside, Robert M. Jackson Geo. Jackson, 
 Maris T Jeffries, Joseph Jeffries, Malin B.Kent, James K.tson, Geo H. 
 Lerard;George.Miller,SamuelMiller,Ambrose McDonald, Wm.McFadden, 
 James pLuzeI,Wm.H.H. Park, Joseph Pine, John Rutherford, Adam P. 
 Cd William T. Reed, Richard M. Reed, George Robinson, Henry C. 
 Thotpln, George Watson, Robert Walker, James H. Wallace. Abner Wil- 
 liams, Washington 0. Wright, Robert G. Woodside. 
 
 THIRTY-THIRD REGT. (EMERGENCY) INF., PA. VOLS. 
 
 Surg. Joseph L. Oliver, mnst. in June 26, 1803 j disoh. with regt. Aug. 4, 1863. 
 
 INDEPENDENT BATTERY (D) PA. ARTILLERY. 
 
 1st Lieut. A. B. Lawrence, rank from Oct. 8, 1864 ; must, out with battery June 
 13, 1865. 
 
 INDEPENDENT COMPANY (EMERGENCY) CAVALRY. 
 
 (Mustered in June 10, 1863 ; disch. July 31, 1863.) 
 Capt. Alban H. Myers, Ist Lieut. Charles Penrose, Jr., 2d Lieut. Wm. B. Mor- 
 rison, Ist Sergt. Samuel J. Torbet, Jr. 
 
 Wm. C. Carpenter, Wm. L. Hunt, Isaac L. Hickson, Reuben Haines, William 
 Keech. 
 
 Corporahi, 
 Wm. Eachus, Henry J. Schrack, John Speakman, Thos. H. Windle, Jacob L. 
 Stott, Wm. Y. Townsend, John W. Nields, Alfred L. Hughes. 
 
 Mtmcians. 
 
 John T. Valentine, Wm. H. Elliott. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 John W. Armstrong, Wm. W. Andrews, James W. Beaumont, Joshua Bentley, 
 Wm. Bentley, Wm. W. Blair, Eugene R. Buckman, John W. Boyle, Henry 
 A. Brown, James Chandler, Reece Davis, John Davis, J. Scott Davis, Lewis 
 Dlterline, Alexander Ewing, Thomas Ewing, James A. Finney, Joseph 
 Greenwood, John A. Groff, Thomas J. Gibson, Isaac B. Greenleaf, Abram D. 
 Harlan, Hanford Hinksom, Francis Hickman, Jesse A. Harvey, Gilbert J. 
 Hatfield, Daniel S. Holmes, Thos. R.Hoffman, Spencer B.Jackson, Richard 
 Johnson, Joseph 0. Kauffnian, J. Newman Keech, Jonathan M. Lewis, 
 Frank Look, Alfred Mullin, William Morris, Joseph E. Morris, Jonathan 
 Mann, James W.Moore, Caleb W.Mann, Alex. Mode, Jr., Geo. H. McCorklo, 
 Samuel McBride, Franklin Newlin, Elislia Newlin, Joseph W. Palmer, 
 Joseph Palmer, Joseph T. Pierce, Wm. H. H. Pierce, James M. Reath, James 
 G. Riley, Enos M. Russell, Samuel W. Scott, Michael Sweeney, Hiram 
 Stapleton, William Vance, Edward Worth, Lewis D. White, Edward R. 
 Williamson, Lewis Woodward, Andrew J. Williams, Joseph N. Woodward, 
 Henry Wagoner, David S. Wilkinson, John A. Walker, Richard B. Yates, 
 Samuel S. Young. 
 
 THIRTY-EIGHTH REGT. PA. (NINETY DAYS) MILITIA. 
 Surg. W. Allen Peck, must, in July 3, 1863 ; must, out Aug. 7, 1863. 
 
 FORTY-SECOND REGT. PA. (NINETY DAYS) MILITIA. 
 
 (Mustered in July 3, 1863; mustered out Aug. 11, 1803.) 
 Asst-Burg. William Hargreaves. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 2d Lieut. .lesse Orr. 
 
 2d Lieut. M. E. Morris. 
 
 FORTY-THIRD REGT. PA. (NINETY DAYS) MILITIA. 
 
 (Mustered in July 6, 1863 ; discharged Aug. 13, 1863.) 
 Col. Wm. W. Stott, Ac(jt. George E. Newlin, Surg. J. W. Houston. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 Capt. Charles W. Roberts, 1st Lieut. Charles W. Wilson, 2d Lieut. John T. Brad- 
 way, Ist Sergt. Abraham Fetters, Jr. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Samuel G. Smith, Charles J. J. Murray, Lambin F. Thomas, James D. Downing, 
 Don Juan Wallings, pro. to sergt-maj., July 6, 1863. 
 James H. Naylor, pro. to com.-sergt. July 13, 1863. 
 
 Corporals. 
 John W. Hayman, James L. Jones, Barclay C. Baldwin, Joseph P. Bingivman, 
 Isaac A. Hartman, Edward McOlure, David L. McDonald, Henry L. Brin- 
 ton, John J. Creigh. 
 
 Privates, 
 
 Benjamin F. Alloways, Barclay Aitken, Jesse Ahn, Thomiis Anderson, Mifflin 
 W. Bailey, George H. Bye, John E. Batton, John B. Channall, George F. 
 Corkadale, David Carpenter, Charles L. Davis, William H. Ely, Ellis Karra, 
 Wilmer W. Glisson, John B. Gibson, Davis L. Guest, Jacob S. GriHith, Isaac 
 B. Hill, Brinkloy H. Haley, Joseph 0. Hall, Erie Hooker, Lewis Hoffecker, 
 James Holingsworth, Thomas C. Huntsman, Joseph H. Hughes, Edward 
 Jones, John Jones, Calvin Jones, Phineas P. James, Washington Kirk, John 
 F. Kauffman, Reuben Kneer, Evan Lewis, Malachi H. Lewellyn, A. John 
 Leek, Benjamin G. Lilley, Wm. V. Leonard, Marshall H. Matlack, E. Thos. 
 Mullin, Michael Martin, George Magaw, Davis B. Meredith, George Martin, 
 Jr., William McDowell, McDonald Montgomery, John K. Newell, Edward 
 Paiste, George Paiste, Townsend Pnght, Charles P. Rushton, Stephen L. 
 Ramsey, Charles L. Ramsey, George L. Rote, James Roberts, Bartholomew 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Smedley, Amos B. Scott, William H. Steteler, James Armstrong Smith, Ed- 
 win 0. Scott, Ricliard Thornbury, Georjte T. Thorn, Edward Terry, Thomas 
 
 F. Turner, Joseph T. Walker, John Wright, William Wear, Thompson 
 Whiteside, William Walla, Matthew E. White, Joseph E. Wilson, John P. 
 Winterbottom, John A. Wilson. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 Gapt. John W. Davis, Ist Lieut. Samuel Wood, 2d Lieut. Samuel Troth, let Sergt. 
 Hugh Crossley. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 David W. Worthington, David R. Clemens, William N. Walker, William H. 
 Wells. 
 
 Coi-porals. 
 
 William Henry, Theodore Bane, Jones Munshower, Isaac Bailey, Christian Lapp, 
 Theodore Walker, Edwin C. Heck, Joseph Smith. 
 
 Musician Samuel Mitchell. 
 
 Pi'ivateB. 
 
 Joseph Aikens, John Bartholomew, Jr., Theo. Beidler, Abner H. Brown, Wm. 
 Broadbelt, Robert W. Campbell. Thomas Carson, David Childs, Walter Con- 
 roy, Alex. Colebower, James Carlow, Thomas Dannegan, Harmer W. Davis, 
 John F. Gunkle, John M. Howard, Evan W. Johns, Philip Kirk, Samuel E. 
 Kendall, Chalkley C. Lewis, William L. Lee, David McClure, Charles T. Me- 
 gowan, Judson Munshower, Charles D. Massey, Mansfield O'Donnell, Wm. 
 S. Ritter, Henry M. Ruth, Robert Ross, Edwin D. Steteler, Benj. Stauffer, 
 Davis R. Showalter, Samuel Smedley, William Stiteler, John Stewart, Henry 
 
 G. Sbultz, Alonzo Thiere, William D Thomas, Isaac Thomas, Joseph Wood- 
 ward, Charles Walker, George K. Woodward, Isaac P. Walker, William R. 
 Wilson, Gilbert Youngblood. 
 
 COMPANY 0. 
 Capt. David H. Cochran, let Lieut. William A. Fleming, 2d Lieut. R. Clark, 
 Marrison, lat Sergt. Hugh M. Hutton. 
 
 SergemUa. 
 Samuel Coates, Charles N. Sprowl, David H. McClurg, Joshua W. Booth. 
 
 Corporals. 
 John J. Carter, William W. Jackson, Alfred Webster, Isaac B. Davis, Arthur 
 Andrews, John W. McClellan, John Johnson, Lewis Coates. 
 
 Privales. 
 
 James Andrews, Jesse Brosius, Mahlon G. Brosius, Truman Brosius, William P. 
 Broomall, Charles J. Brown, Joseph P. Baldwin, William T. Bickiug, Jesse 
 Brinton, Joel T. Chriswell, Pusey E. Chambers. 
 
 Charles Cloud, pro. to hos.-steward July 6, 1863. 
 
 Hanford A. Davis, Henry C. Darlington, Lemuel W. Dobbins, Stacy Doran, Wil- 
 liam J. Dorman, James A. Ewing, George Evans, Joseph T. Evans, William 
 Fry, Samuel G. Gill, James J. Hendrickson, Joseph W. Hanway, Wendell 
 P. Hambleton, James 0. Hamill, Joseph M. Jones, Frank Johnson, William 
 M. Killgore, William Lights, Joseph Lamburn, James Lovett, John MuCas- 
 lin, Joseph Mull, William E. McClimans, Samuel W. Morrison, Andrew Mc- 
 Carter, William McCuIlough, Jno. Ortlip, Caleb P.Pyle, Clifford J. Quigley, 
 George Ross, George Rollings, Wm. P. Robinson, Wm. Richmond, James 
 Smith, William H. Smith, Oliver Shaw, Clayton Thompson, Henry Taylor. 
 
 Joseph L. Topham, pro. to com.-sergt. July 6, 1863. 
 
 Benjamin F. Weaver, Thornton Walton, Thomas Whitson, Charles Webster, 
 Charles Watson, Ezekiel Webb. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 Capt. William Y. Strickland, 1st Lieut. John W. Nields. 
 2d Lieut. George E. Newlin, pro. to adjt. July 6, 1863. 
 2d Lieut. Joseph R. Stiickland, 1st Sergt. Joseph Hemphill, Jr. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Robert Woodside, Cheney Watkins, Harvey Nields, Wm. Johnson. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Wm. C. Stern, Alfred Hotton, Joseph Hall, John C. Bailey, Wm. Ingram, Rich- 
 ard Monaghau, Thomas Allen, H. C. Hemphill. 
 David A. Chandler, pro. to qrmr.-sergt. July 6, 1863. 
 
 Francis Kelly, Andrew Hughes. 
 
 Mueicians. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Fhineas Andreas, Samuel Boyer, George Brestler, Edmund Brestler, James Ban- 
 non, Theodore Brown, Isaac Barnes, Granville Cooper, Alexander Craig, 
 John Dunkin, Allen Davis, Eber Dailey, Levi Emrick, John Grant, Reuben 
 Holsten, Thomas Hawthorn, John Hoskins, George Harman,LBvi Hoffman, 
 Wm. Harper, John Holt, Isaac Harvey, Samuel Jeffries, Charles Johnson, 
 Mashall Lamborn, Maris Mulliu, Benjamin Michener, Robert E. Monaghan, 
 Davis Messimer, William Mendenhall, Charles McFadden, Isaac Paxou, 
 Robert Smith, Charles Smith, Henry Stern, Nimrod Strickland, Jr., Willis 
 Taylor, Thomas White, Enoa West, Horatio Williams, Morgan Williams, 
 Thomas Webb, Joseph Young. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 Capt. Wm. W. Stott, pro. to colonel. 
 
 Capt. Enoch Moore, let Lieut. Bernard Hawley, 2d Lieut. James d Cunning- 
 ham, 1st Sergt. Thomas J. Henderson. 
 
 Eli Baker, Evau Woodward, Charles Fraley, John G. Bailey. 
 
 Corporals. 
 John B, Hawley, Amos G. Hoopes, Eli Widdoea, Joseph 0. Chambers, Samuel 
 H. Cunningham, Benj. Lamborn, Joseph Barber, Wm. H. Phillips. 
 
 Musicians. 
 
 Wesley Freeman, George W. Barber. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 George W. Brannon, John Buck, Samuel Bail, Lewis Burnett, Mitchell Baker, 
 Joshua Cookenback, Brinton H. Chambers, Edwin Chandler, Henry Down- 
 ing, Alexander Dixon, James Eaton, Wm. Evenson, Walter J. Elder, Pass- 
 more Greenfield, Samuel P. Gatchell, Thomas Hoopes, Jesae Haines, Wm. 
 W. Hoopes, Wm. B. Hudson, Thomas B. Hoopes, Benj. M. Jeffevies, Silas 
 King, John Linton, Elwood H. Lewis, Wm. Megargee, Albert L. Michener, 
 Jacob E. Moore, Charles M. Mast, Frank A . Neilds, Thomas McGillion, Wm. 
 MacManee, Howard Preaton, Maris V. Pyle, John W. Perry, Alfred Ren- 
 nell, Robert K. Shepperd, David M. Stevens, William L.Scott, Norris W. 
 Smith, James R. Story, Thomas S. Stevens, John W. Thomas, Alfred F. 
 Taylor, Asa S. White, Edmund C. Wilson, Joseph C. Watson, Jas. A. Wil- 
 son, Joseph A. Wickersham. 
 
 PORTY-FOURTH REGT. PA. (NINETY DAYS) MILITIA. 
 Chaplain James Y. Ashton, must, out with regiment Aug. 27, 1863. 
 
 PORTY-FIFTH REGT. PA. (NINETY DAYS) MILITIA. 
 
 (Mustered in July 1-6, 1863; mustered out Aug. 29, 1803.) 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Capt. George K. Crozer, 1st Lieut. John Groff, 2d Lieut, Thomas Stewart, 1st 
 
 Sergt. Robert S. Bentley. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 George R. Vauzant., Richard Crowther, Ratcliffe Bridge, John Giltson. 
 
 Corporals. 
 William Anderaon, Ezra Dansfield, Thomas Clough, Wm. H. Dean, John Mc- 
 Govern, Robert L. West, Augur Castle, Henry Greenwalt. 
 
 Privates. 
 Mark Allen, James Allen, William Burley, James Buckley, Mattison Bail, 
 George Blakely, Edwin Blakely, Jamea Breckenridge, Robert Cornog, John 
 Cai-dwell, James Cunliffe, .Tames Canavan, Robert E. Cardwell, William S. 
 Chalfant, Sylvester Canavan, James Crowther, James K. Daniels, Richard 
 Dawson, Isnac Dalton, William Dalton, William Dawson, John Deitrich, 
 George Elliott, Robert Elliott, Andrew J. Fenton, Joseph Faulkner, John 
 Faulkner, Wm. Finley, Wm, Finley, Jr., Charles Firth, Henry Foster. 
 Allen Gartside, Robert Gartside, Wm. Garthwaite, James Glennand, Wm. 
 Henderson, Luke Hepworth, Richard Hepworth, William Hill, Alexander 
 Hopkins, Edward Howarth, Thomas Kay, James Lockwood, John Laveiy, 
 Geo. W. Loveland, Andrew J. Lambert, William H. Makin, Geo. Mousley, 
 Arthur Martin, William Mackey, Samuel Montgomery, Davis Minster, 
 Hamilton Morris, James Morgan, James Mills, Joseph McBnde, William 
 McClelland, Wm. McNamee, Charles McBride, David G. Pretty, Samuel T. 
 Pretty, James Ross, Samuel Saxon, Alex. Struthers, Wm. Struthers, Joseph 
 U. Scott, James Smith, Lewis Smith, Edward Taylor, George Turner, John 
 Thompson, Nehcmiah Vanzant, John Wyott, William Ward, Casper Wil- 
 mer, Wm. Whitaker, Joseph Wyatt, George Waters. 
 
 FORTY-SEVENTH REGT. PA. (NINETY DAYS) MILITIA. 
 
 (Muatered in July 9, 1863; mustered out Aug. 13, 1863.) 
 Chaplain John C. Thorn. 
 
 COMPANY 0. 
 Captain A. T. Buchanan. 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH REGT. PA. (NINETY DAYS) MILITIA. 
 
 Surgeon William R. Blakeslee, must, in July 8, 1863; must, out with regiment 
 Aug. 26, 1803. 
 
 FIFTY-FIFTH REGT. PA. (NINETY DAYS) MILITIA. 
 Surgeon J. S. Ramsey, must, in July 11, 1863 ; must out with regt. Aug. 20, '63. 
 INDEPENDENT COMP. INF. (NINETY DAYS) PA. MILITIA. 
 
 (Mustered in July 6, 1803 ; discharged Sept. 4, 1803.) 
 Capt. Horace A. Beale, lat Lieut. Oliver H. Torbet, 2d Lieut. Levi B. Jones, Ist 
 
 Sergt. Jacob Mcllhenny. 
 
 George B. Moore, Jefl^erson Guinney, James Mcllhenny, James Forrest. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Benj.S. Gray, Uriah W. Osborn, Robert Biide, Henry Myers, Edwin W. Town- 
 send, John Renner, Wm. M. Stanley, Wm. D. Wjlkinaon. 
 Muaiciau John J. White. 
 
 Privates, 
 Thomas Atkins, Milton Brown, James Brown, Edward Boil, Wm. Boyd, Robert 
 Cairnes, Samuel H. Compton, John Cook, John Dunn, Benjamin' Deller, 
 Samuel Deller, Joseph Davis, John Donovan, Smith D. F. Diterline, James 
 
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OP THE REBELLION. 
 
 xxxvii 
 
 Ewing, Wesley J. Freeman, Geo. F. Fox, Griffith Gray, John Gallagher, 
 Frank Guinney, Wm. M. Hoopes, "Wallser Hilton, Henry Holkins, Cornelius 
 Harrington, George Harrison, "Wm. Ingram, ,lamcs Jouos, Samuel Jones, 
 Wm. Jackson, Samuel H. Kolp, James J. Little, Bobort W. Long, Geo. W. 
 Morgan, James S. Miller, Charles Miller, Geo. H. Marshall, Isaac M. Milli- 
 gen, Owen W. Milligen, J. J. Mayars, Taylor W. Melntyre, Harrison Mc- 
 Nelly, ThoB. McMain, Rodger McCann, Charles G. Neal, Aliiah B. Oshorn, 
 John T. Pearl, John Pearl, Jacob H. Russell, Geo. Bauck, John D. Raively, 
 John Strong, Milton Stamp, John S. Still, Geo. B. Thompson, John K. Town- 
 send, John Watson, Charles Weigle. 
 
 INDEPENDENT BATTERY (NINETY DAYS) PA. MILITIA. 
 
 (Organized at West Chester July 1, 1863; must. Aug. 24, 1863.) 
 Capt. George B. Guss, 1st Lieut. Frank E. Townaeud, 2d Lieuts. William E. 
 Barber, William E. Moore, 1st Sergt. John A. Leslie, Qrmr.-sergt. John 
 Windle. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Thomas J. Harvey, Friend L. Gregory, Charles H. Areson, Joseph R. Burnett. 
 
 Oorporals. 
 
 Fordyce A. Allen, William V. Husted, Joel P. Conrad, Jacob P. Cox, Anthony 
 
 Bolniar, Joseph T. Murtagh, Richard J. McConkey, William N. Shoffner. 
 
 Artificers, 
 Abraham L. Marshall, Eli E. Gill. 
 
 Buglers, 
 George G. Cardwell, Frank Wollaston. 
 
 Pi-ivaieB. 
 Joseph H. Abel, William W. Achey, Henry C. Bolmar, T. Elwood Brinton, Pierce 
 Burns, John Brown, Jesse J. Burnett, Ellis P. Brown, Clement B. Clingan, 
 Joseph B. Coburn, Lewis Coulter, William A. Cloud, Thomas S. Chambers, 
 T. K. Cheyney, Rufus T. Cheyney, Hugh K. Cheyney, Thomas Conner, 
 Joseph Conner, Rodger Curry, Enoch Dixon, George Davis, John A. Daily, 
 William Davis, Thomas T. Estworthy, William Evans, Howard Fergus, 
 WiHiam J. Gibson, Jonathan R. Gheen, B. W. Gheen, Charles Hathaway, Jr., 
 E. H. Hughes, J. Kable Hartman, William L. Hartraan, William M. Hayes, 
 John P. Harlan, Jesse Hurford, Charles T. Hallowell, Henry Jackson, Geo. 
 C. Jackson, Joseph F. Jackson, John L. Kirk, William B. King, Samuel W. 
 Mood, Gideon Mtttlack, Walton N. Martin, Lindley C. Moore, James Miclie- 
 ner, Pennock C. Marshall, Jesse Moore, David M. Mast, Daniel McCluro, 
 Isaac W. Morris, John W. Newlin, David B. Nyce, Enos Newbrough, Ed- 
 ward O'Keil, Henry O'NeiVSamnel N. Olwine, Franklin Pusey, Strickland 
 Pitt, Abner Pyle, Daniel C. Price, George Pennypacker, Richard D. Pen- 
 nock, Franklin Pierce, Levi B. Roberts, William H. Kuthven, Henry F. 
 Rodney, John Ramsey, J. Carpenter Bhoads, William D. Bodgers, Henry 0. 
 Styles, J. P. Stebbins, Ebenezer B. Stevens, Isaac N. ShofTuer, Oliver Sid- 
 well, Cheney SpeaUman, Eli L. Sill, Jesse J. Taylor, Frank Taylor, Stephen 
 M. Taylor, Brinton Taylor, James P. Taylor, Lewis Taggart, Thomas H. 
 Whisler, James Wood, William N. Wood, E. H. Woodward, Walter W. 
 Wheatley, Pyle Woodward, Norris Williamson, Charles S. Williamson, 
 David Williams, William C. Wetherell, C. Wickersham, G. T. Wlckersham, 
 E. Lewis Wills, Joseph P. Way, William C. Zance. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Acadian exiles, 53-4. 
 
 Acker, Conrad, fiicing 461. 
 
 Acker, Conrad, 461. 
 
 AcUor, Samuel, 461-2. 
 
 Act (1705) to prevent importation of 
 Indian slaves, 39 ; (1718) for the ad- 
 vancement of justice and more cer- 
 tain administration thereuf, 40 ; 
 (1718) for CO rroljo rating the circular 
 line between the counties of Chester 
 and New Castle, 40 ; miscellaneous, 
 42 ; erecting Lancaster Co., 43 ; 
 erecting Berks Co., 50 ; (1682, 1710, 
 and 1751) change of style, 50-1; 
 (1756) disqualifying Friends for the 
 Council and Assembly, 52; (1756) 
 for dispersing inhabitants of Nova 
 Scotia, imported iuto Chester Co., 
 etc., 53; (1782) for procuring esti- 
 mate of damages by the British, 
 104; (1786), 117; concerning court- 
 house lot, 118; erecting Delaware 
 Co., 120; (1779) for vesting estates 
 of proprietaries, 149; Parkesburg 
 (1872), 204; erecting county town 
 of West Chester, 214-15; badge of 
 paupers (1718), 403; establishing 
 work-house, 411. 
 
 A damson, Charles, 461. 
 
 Adamson, Thomas, 461. 
 
 Adamson, Sarah B., 451. 
 
 Administration on estate, granted 
 (1681), 19 ; (1683), 25. 
 
 Affiiination act (1715), and act of Par- 
 liament of 1 Geo. I., etc., 39, 42. 
 
 Agricultural, 335-42. 
 
 Aldred, Thomas J., 462. 
 
 Alexander, Gabriel, 194-5. 
 
 Allen, John, 463. 
 
 Allen, Nathaniel, 20, 147. 
 
 Allen, Prof. Fordyce A., 318. 
 
 Alison, Francis, 49, 106, 193, 252, 462. 
 
 Alison, Robert, 50, 204. 
 
 Allbon, James, 53. 
 
 Altemus, Leonard, 463. 
 
 Alsop, Samuel, 319, 
 
 Amity township, 41. 
 
 AmoBland, piece of land at, 13 ; officers 
 (1684), 26 ; orders of court -relating 
 to, 27. 
 
 Anderson, Dr. James, 464. 
 
 Anderson, Robert, 50. 
 
 Anderson, Capt. Patrick, 61, 66, 96, 
 108, 170, 463. 
 
 Anderson, Isaac, 96, 463-4. 
 
 Anderson. Capt. Wm., 132, 183. 
 
 Andrews, Alexander, 464. 
 
 Andrews, Arthur, 464. 
 
 Andrews, John, 464. 
 
 Andios, Governor, 13 ; Instructions of, 
 14; new comaiission for justices 
 issued, 17; order to sheriff, 25. 
 
 Apple, Capt. Wm., 464. 
 
 Appraiser (1684), 26 (aee Asaeseors). 
 
 Archer, John, 35. 
 
 Arnold, Richard, 464. 
 
 Arrivals between 1682 and 1688. 22- 
 4. 
 
 Ash, Joshua and John, 464. 
 
 Ash family, 465. 
 
 Ashbridge, Elizabeth, 311-12. 
 
 Ashbridge, John, 45, 178. 
 
 xxxviii 
 
 Ashbridge, George, 2.35, 239, 465. 
 
 Ashcom, Charles (dep. surveyor), 28. 
 
 Ashenfelter, Henry, 465-6. 
 
 Askew, Wilh'am, 466. 
 
 Assembly, the, action of (1724), 42 ; 
 (1729), 43; (1801), 43; (1736), 48; 
 (1740-7), 49; (1752), 50; while the 
 Friends maintained their ascend- 
 ency in, 51 ; six members resign, 
 62?; four Friends resign (1756), 52; 
 (1759), 54; (1762), 58; (1763), 58-9; 
 (1849), 160; (1725-6). 190-2; list of 
 members of, 378-82. 
 
 Assessments, 35-7, 40, 51, 98, 167 (see 
 also Taxes and Taxahles). 
 
 Assessors, representation of (1720), 40 ; 
 8U)idry matters concerning, 42, 48, 
 62 ; list of, 376-7. 
 
 Assheton, Robert, 193-4. 
 
 Associatoi-s, the, 49, 62, 64-5. 
 
 Aston, George, 50-1, 55-6, 173, 218- 
 19,416,466. 
 
 Aston, "Ashtowne" taxahles (1693), 
 33, 35 ; pound ordered, 42 ; 55 ; his- 
 tory of, 162. 
 
 Atherton, Grace, 466-7. 
 
 Attorneys-at-law, l.stof, 384-6. 
 
 Attorneys-general, list of, 371-2, 
 
 Aug6, M., recollections of, 81. 
 
 Aug6, Moses M., 324. 
 
 Awl, Robei-t, 50. 
 
 B. 
 
 Babb, Thomas, 467. 
 
 Baily, Abraham, 468. 
 
 Baily, Joel, 61, 467. 
 
 Baily, Kobeit, 316. 
 
 Baily, Wm. Eutrikin, 324. 
 
 Baily, Ephraim, 468. 
 
 Baily, Hon. John P., 468. 
 
 Baily, Joseph, 468-9. 
 
 Baily, Sarah, 469. 
 
 Biiily, Jacob, 469. 
 
 Baily, Dr. Abraham, 469. 
 
 Baird, Dr. Absalom, HO, 469. 
 
 Baker, John, 469. 
 
 Baker, Joseph, 469. 
 
 Baker, Joseph, 470. 
 
 Baker, Joshua, 470. 
 
 Baldwin, Thomas, 318, 471. 
 
 Baldwin, Dr. Wm., 31;), 353, 472-3. 
 
 Baldwin, Wllliani, 471. 
 
 Baldwin, Francis, 471. 
 
 Baldwin, John, 2a9, 471. 
 
 Baltimore, Lord, 17, 21, 41, 44-6, 156-8. 
 
 Bane, Alexander, 472. 
 
 Bane, Mordecai, 472. 
 
 Banks of Chester Co., .186-90. 
 
 Baptist churches, 259-73. 
 
 Barber, Edwin A., 324. 
 
 Barnard (or Bernard) family, 473. 
 
 Barnard, Eichard, 36, 106, 203, 246, 
 
 474, 476. 
 Barnard, James Day, 476. 
 Barnard, Major Isaac D., 87, 133 ; Gen., 
 
 329 ; 384, 476-6. 
 Barnard, Vincent, 476. 
 Bartholomew, Benj., 62, 68, 210, 433, 
 
 478. 
 Bartholomew, John, 117, 219, 478. 
 Bartholomew family, 478-9. 
 Bartram, John, 33, 312, 477. 
 Bartram, William, 312. 
 
 Battle-axes, the, 301. 
 
 Battle of Brandywine, 69-82. 
 
 Baugli, George, 477-8. 
 
 Bayly, Mountjoy, 80. 
 
 Beale, William, 479. 
 
 Beaton, Daniel, 470. 
 
 Beaton, John, 109. 
 
 Bell, Hon. Thos. S., 479-80. 
 
 Bell, Lieut.-Col. Thos. S., 480. 
 
 Bell, Patterson, 61, 103. 
 
 Bell, Peter, 106, 110. 
 
 Boll, Capt. William H., 322. 
 
 Beuner, Philip, 481. 
 
 Bennett family, 480-1. 
 
 Bennett, James, 61, 200, 481. 
 
 Bennett, Titus, 314. 
 
 Bensalem twp., history of, 162. 
 
 Bent, Fannie H., 3&. 
 
 Bentley, George, 50, 58. 
 
 Bentley, Jeffrey, 261. 
 
 Berkeley, Lord, 12, 14. 
 
 Berks county formed, 43, 60. 
 
 Bethel township, orders of court re- 
 lating to, 27; taxahles (1693), 33, 35; 
 items (1759), 55 ; history of, 162. 
 
 Bevan, Aubrey, 49. 
 
 Beverly, Samuel, 481. 
 
 Bibliography of Chester Co., 311-25. 
 
 Bingamafa, Frederick, 482. 
 
 Bingnman, Levi, 482-3. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical de- 
 partment, 461. 
 
 Birds of Chester Co., 441-5. 
 
 Birmingham, 28 ; taxahles (1693), 33, 
 136; items, 55, 70, 83, 104, 106, 120; 
 history of, 162-3 ; items, 222. 
 
 Birmingham Mtg., 233-4, 242. 
 
 Birmingham meeting-house, 70, 73-9, 
 131, 163, 234, 242. 
 
 Bishop, Joaquiiu, 481-2. 
 
 Bishop, Jr., Joseph, 61. 
 
 Bisliop, Thomas, 61. 
 
 Bizallion, Pierre (or Peter), 482. 
 
 Blackwell, John, governor, 29. 
 
 Blair, D.D., Rev. Samuel, 483-4. 
 
 Blair, Rev. Samuel, 311, 483. 
 
 Blair, Rev. John, 311, 483-4. 
 
 Blunston, John, 29, 33, 37-8, 234. 
 
 Bolmar, Jean Claude Autoine de, 306, 
 314, 486. 
 
 Bond, Samuel, 484. 
 
 Bonsall, .Toseph, 49. 
 
 Bonsall, Jesse, 61. 
 
 Bonsall, Richard, 486. 
 
 Bonzano, Adolphus, 484. 
 
 Botany of Chester Co., 463-8. 
 
 Boundary Line, troubles, 40-2, 44-9; 
 history of establishment and settle- 
 ment of, 166-81. 
 
 Bouuds between Chester and Philadel- 
 phia counties, established (1686), 28. 
 
 Boyd, (Rev.) Adam, 49, 204, 250. 
 
 Boyd, John, 60, 114, 485. 
 
 Boyd, Judge James, 485. 
 
 Boyd, William, 60, 417, 486-6. 
 
 Boyd, Col. Andrew, 103-4, 113, 204-5, 
 250. 
 
 Boyd, Mrs. Mary P., 323. 
 
 Boyd family, 485-6. 
 
 Boyer, Nelson P., 320. 
 
 Bradford, Dr. James H., 486. 
 
 Bradford twp., 163-7. 
 
 Bradford Meoting, records, 165, 238, 
 240. 
 
 Bradford, Wm. (printei:), arrives, 21. 
 Bradley, Charles, 486. 
 Brandywine Manor Presb. ch., 253. 
 Brannan, Benj., 61-2, 113. 
 Branson, William, 344^7. 
 Bridges, 354-6. 
 Briuton family, 486-7. 
 Biinton, Wm., 45, 124, 234, 238, 309, 
 
 486-7. 
 Brinton, Jos., 46, 49, 106, 124, 103, 234, 
 
 377, 427. 
 Biinton, John, 79, 200, 205. 
 Brinton, Caleb, 79, 107, 162, 205. 
 Brinton, Daniel G., 320. 
 Brinton, Edward, 81, 162. 
 " Bristol Factor," the, arrives, 19. 
 British Parliament, 59, 105. 
 Broomall, John, 487. 
 BrosiuB, Henry, 487. 
 Brower, Dr. Wm , 487-8. 
 Brown family, 488. 
 Brown, Joseph, 61, 107. 
 Brown, Levi K., 322. 
 Brown, John, 68, 107. 
 Brown, Thos. K., 324. 
 Brown, Hon. H. Armitt, 99, 488. 
 Brombach (Brownback), Garret, 210, 
 
 417, 488-9. 
 Buchanan, Rev. James, 489. 
 Buchanan, Wm., 50. 
 Buckwalter, David, facing 485. 
 Bnckwalter, Samuel, facing 484. 
 Buffi ngton, Richard, 45, 169, 2:38, S53, 
 
 489. 
 Bnffington, Thos,, 61, 165, 193, 489. 
 Bufflngton, Wm., 178, 353, 489. 
 Bull, Lieut. Col. Thomas, 489-91. 
 Bull, D.D., Levi, 491. 
 Burgess, Hugh, 491-2. 
 Butler, Noble, 492. 
 Butler, Samuel, 492. 
 
 Cabinet of Natural Science, 307. 
 
 Cadwalader, John, 207, 236-7. 
 
 Caldwell, Vincent, 492-3. 
 
 Callowhill, Thomas, 186-6. 
 
 Cain Mtg., 237-8, 241. 
 
 Cain Twp. (see also East and Went 
 
 Cain), 153-4, 167-9, 222. 
 Calvert, William, 493. 
 Cambridge Mtg., 242. 
 Cameron, John, 53. 
 Canals, 358-9. 
 Cane, John, 492. 
 Cantwell, Capt. Edmund, 13; high 
 
 sheriff, 16,25; collector of quit-rents 
 
 26. 
 Carleton, Mark, 493. 
 Carlile, William, 493. 
 Carpenter, William, 494. 
 Carmichael, Kev. John, 104, 250, 253, 
 
 403-4. 
 Carmichael, Dr. John Flavel, 494. 
 Carr, Sir Robert, expedition of, 12. 
 Carr (Carre), Capt., 12, 13. 
 Carr, Andrew, 25-6. 
 Carruthers, Heni-y W., 141, 328 
 Barter, Edward, 494. 
 Carter, George, 494. 
 Carteret, Sir George, 12, 16. 
 Carrlngton, Thos., 313, 
 Gathcart, Robert, 49. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 ZXXIX 
 
 "Cediiicroft,"184. 
 
 CetiBUB statlBtiCB, 215. 
 
 Centennial aunivei-sary of the PaoU 
 
 massacre, 90-2. 
 Centre Mtg., 233, 241. 
 Chads' fonl,42, 63-74, 76, 79, 80, 130-1. 
 Chads, Francis, 494. 
 Chads, John, 162, 357-8, 417-18, 495, 
 Clialfant, David, 495. 
 Clialfant, Henry, 495. 
 Chalfant, John, 495. 
 Chalfant, William, 496. 
 Chamberlin, Robert, 495. 
 Chamberlain, Jonas, 496. 
 Chambers, Benjamin (sheritrof Pliila.), 
 arrives (1682), 21 ; pros, of Free Soc. 
 of Tradere, 189 ; items, 203. 
 Cliambers, John, 496. 
 Chandlee, Benjamin, 496. 
 Chandler, George, 496. 
 Change of style, 50. 
 Charlestowii twp., 56, 108, 169-70, 222. 
 Charlton family, 497. 
 Chester, named, 21 ; oflicers (1684), 
 20; orders of the court relating to, 
 27 ; -wagonB furnished (1759), 66; 
 hospital at, 66; in Eevolution, 67, 
 69, 72; petition from Iwrough of, 
 116; removal of county-seat from, 
 116-19; 170-1. 
 Chester county, bounds betwixt 
 Philadelphia Co. and, 28; liounds 
 between New Castle and, 35; con- 
 cerning taxes, division of county, 
 etc., 4U; lines between Lancaster 
 county and, 43 ; removal of county- 
 seat to West Chester, 116-18 ; public 
 buildings, 119-20; Delaware Co. 
 erected, 120-1. 
 Chester district, 105. 
 Chester towusliip taxables (1693), 33, 
 35; pound ordered erected, 38, 42; 
 items, 355. 
 Chester Springs, 100-2, 202-3. 
 Chester Mo. Mtg., 61, 229-31, 416. 
 Chester Quai-terly Mtg., 229, 232, 343, 
 
 413. 
 Cheyney, John, 497. 
 Cheyney, Eichard, 61, 65, 497. 
 Cheyney, Thomas (Esq.), 70, 103, 106, 
 
 113,117,339,497. 
 Chichester, officers for (1684), 26 ; court 
 orders, 27; taxables (1693), 33,35; 
 items, 56, 171. 
 Chichester Mo. Mtg., 231. 
 Chi-isman, Henry E., facing 509. 
 Christian Church, 300. 
 Churches, the court interferes with, 
 17; history of, in Chester Co., of 
 various denominations, 229-301. 
 Churchman, John, 312, 497-8. 
 Circular boundary line, 37, 40, 42, 120, 
 
 159-61. 
 Civil and Judicial Lists (1614-1881), 
 
 362-86. 
 Clayton, William, 16-18, 25, 35, 45, 84, 
 
 89, 230-2, 498. 
 Cleaver, Isaac, 498-9. 
 Cleaver, Isaac A., 499. 
 Clerk of the flret court of Chester 
 
 county, 16. 
 Clingan, Esq., Wm., 104, 108, 116-17, 
 
 169, 499. 
 Clock manufacture, 350-1. 
 Cloud, William, 600. 
 Coates, John, 46-7. 
 Coates, Bel^., 96. 
 CoKtes, Moses, 171, 501. 
 Coates, Moses, Jr., 92-3, 122, 501. 
 Coates, Isaac, 245, 601. 
 Coates, Dr. Jesse, 601. 
 Coatesville, 99, 134 ; history of, 171 ; 
 items, 209, 222; Presb. ch., 266-7; 
 Baptist ch, 269; Meth. ch., 285; B. 
 C. ch., 301; iron works, 349-50; 
 items, 601. 
 Cobb's creek, 41. 
 
 Cochran, Dr. John, 500. 
 
 Cochran, James, 50, 198, 251, 500. 
 
 Cochran, Samuel, 601. 
 
 Cock, Capt. Lasse, 34. 
 
 Coebourne, Thos., 20, 25, 33, 171, 216, 
 
 231. 
 Coebourn, Joseph, 33, 35, 37, 171. 
 CoUott, Jeremiah, 33, 35, 38. 
 CoUett, George, 184. 
 Colonization Society of Chester Co., 
 
 425. 
 Colve, Gov. Anthony, 13. 
 Comly, John, 312. 
 
 Comiiiissioners, 38, 40, 42, 48-9, 53, 02, 
 98, 104, 119, 201, 358 ; list of, 375-7. 
 Committee of Safety, 62-5. 
 Conard, Dennis, 601. 
 
 Conard, Jesse, 314, 601. 
 
 Conard, Rebecca, ,322, 601. 
 
 Conchologj of Chester Co., 448-63. ^ 
 
 Concord township, constable and su- 
 pervisor of highways (1U84), 26; 
 orders of the court in relation to, 
 27; taxables (1093), 33, 35; items, 
 561, 155, 171. 
 
 Concord mcetiug-house, 73. 
 
 Concord Quarterly Meeting, 44, 62, 
 229, 232. 
 
 Concord Mo. Mtg., 229, 232, 413. 
 
 Conestoga twp., 171-3. 
 
 Congress of the U. S., 133, 382-4. 
 
 Constables chosen (1683), 25; (1684), 
 20; (I08li),30; (1687-8), 31; (1707- 
 8), 38. 
 
 Constitutional conventions. 433. 
 
 Continental Congress, 62-3, 66-8, 97- 
 8, 108. 
 
 Cook, Peter, 501. 
 
 Cook, Jr., Peter, 602. 
 
 Cookson, Joseph, 67. 
 
 Cooper, Calvin, 502. 
 
 Cooper, Hannah, 502, 
 
 Cooper," James, 502. 
 
 Cooper, William, 602. 
 
 Cooper, Dr. John W., 320. 
 
 Cope, Prof. E. D., 440-8, 503. 
 
 Cope, Gilbert, 321,603. 
 
 Cope, Joseph, 164, 238, 404, 503. 
 
 Cope, John, 164-6, 240, 602. 
 
 Cope, Beiyamin, 603-4. 
 
 Cope, Oliver, 602. 
 
 Cope, Caleb, 503. 
 
 Cope, Samuel, 245, 502. 
 
 Cope, Morris, 318, 502. 
 
 Cornog, Mordecai D., facing 508. 
 
 Coruett, Samuel, 504-5. 
 
 Coroners, list of, 375. 
 
 Council of 1686, 28, 145 ; 1689, 29-30; 
 Council of State, 38; (1713), 151; 
 (1720), 40 ; (1721), 41 ; (1728-9J, 42, 
 145; (1732), 44; (1736), 46, 48; (1737), 
 157 ; Constitutional conventions, 
 433. 
 
 Council of Safety, 65-68, 96, 98, 102-4. 
 
 Counties, the three lower, separated 
 from the province, 32, 40. 
 
 County oflicers, lists of, 372-8. 
 
 Court, at Upland, 13, 17 ; removed to 
 " Kingsesse," 17; of Upland county, 
 18, 21 ; the first held after Penu's 
 arrival, 24; (1684), 26-7; Court of 
 Equity, 30; first Orphans', 31 ; of 
 petty sessions, 32 ; of " Privet ses- 
 sions," 38, 42 ; Oyer and Terminer 
 (1742), 49; (1783), 104; Supreme, 
 115 ; Orphans', 116 ; first at West 
 Chester, 117 ; 166, 168; (1728), 204; 
 (1705), 218. 
 
 C()ur^house, the first, 17 ; levies for, 
 27 ; concerning old and new court- 
 houses at Chester, 30, 36-6, 38, 42, 
 49, 116-17; at West Chester, 117- 
 19. 
 
 Court>martial of Gen. Wayne, 89, 90. 
 
 Coventry twp., 41, 60, 56, 1U8, 172, 186. 
 
 Cowan, Joseph, 61, 205. 
 
 Cowan, Eev. John F., 505. 
 
 Cowpland, Caleb, 46, 371. 
 
 Cowpland, David, 49, 61-2. 
 
 Cox, John, 505. 
 
 Cox, Henry Hamilton, 606-8, 
 
 Cox, William, 239. 
 
 Craig, Major John, 110. 
 
 Crawford, John, 61. 
 
 Cresap, Thomas, 45-8. 
 
 CrcBwell, John, 313. 
 
 Crime and punishment, 406-11. 
 
 Crosby, John, 61, 104. 
 
 Crowell, Rev. John, 318. 
 
 Crumbacker, Peter, 68. 
 
 Culbertson, John, 50, 109, 114, 169, 
 178, 224, 251, 263, 608. 
 
 Cumming, William, 50. 
 
 Cuningham, Capt. Allen, 508. 
 
 Cuningham, Gen. John W., 130, 132, 
 608. 
 
 Cunningham, John, 60. 
 
 Cunningham, Samuel, 109, 609. 
 
 Currency, English, 20 ; old currency 
 of gildera^ 20 ; Gov. Morns opposes 
 issue of paper money, 51 ; conti- 
 nental, 98; colonial, continental, 
 etc., 390-1. 
 
 Currie, Eev. William, 509. 
 
 D. 
 
 D.-images inflicted by British army, 
 104-8. 
 
 Darby Mtg., 229, 232. 
 
 Darby, township collectors, etc. (1684), 
 26, 27; taxables (1093), 33; in Eev- 
 olntion, 69, 72, 97, 103 ; items, 172-3. 
 
 Darliuglon, Abraham, 309, 509. 
 
 Darlington, Amos, 126. 
 
 Darlington, Hon. Isaac, 124, 368, 510, 
 612-14. 
 
 Darlington, Job, 509. 
 
 Darlington, Joseph, 615. 
 
 Dailiugton, Eichard, Jr., 323, 460, 514- 
 16. 
 
 Darlington, Eobt., 123. 
 
 Darlington, Thomas, 77, 214, 610. 
 
 Darlington, Thos. B., 339. 
 
 Darlington, William, 60, 79, 615. 
 
 Darlington, Esq., William, 514. 
 
 Dariiugton, Major Wm. B., 328, 612. 
 
 Darlington, Dr. Wm., 91, 124; 132, 134, 
 164, 215, 302, 316, 369, 372, 393, 433, 
 510-11. 
 
 Darlington, Ziba, 124, 363. 
 
 David (Davis), lewis, 43, 61, 186. 
 
 David, James, 515. 
 
 David, Llewellyn, 616-16. 
 
 Davies, David, 46, 207, 249. 
 
 Davis, Abraham, 212. 
 
 Davis, Asa, 616. 
 
 Davis, Caleb, 62, 67-8, 118-19, 617. 
 
 Davis, David, 107, 235. 
 
 Davis, Eev. Hugh, 269. 
 
 Davis, Isaac, 60, 68, 107 ; Dr. Isaac, 616. 
 
 Davis, James, 259. 
 
 Davis, Joseph C, 517-18. 
 
 Davis, John, 45; Dr. John, 106, 107; 
 206, 616. 
 
 Davis, Nathaniel, 60, 517. 
 
 DaviB, M.D., Roger, 616-17. 
 
 Davis, Samuel, 106-7. 
 
 De Beelen, 519. 
 
 Dean, Jeremiah, 618. 
 
 Dean, Joseph, 618. 
 
 Dean, William, 518. 
 
 Do Haven, Peter, 67, 70. 
 
 Delaware Bay, discovery of, 9. 
 
 Delaware Co., erected, 120-1; town- 
 ships of, formerly in Chester Co., 
 33-4, 162-205 ; items, 226, 229. 
 
 Delaware Elver, various names of, 9. 
 
 Dell, Thomas, 518. 
 
 Denney, William, 618. 
 
 Denney, Walter, 518. 
 
 Dewees, Watson W., 322. 
 
 Dickey, Eev. Bbeneuer, 254, 361, 619. 
 
 Dickey, D.D., Eev. John Miller, 264, 
 I 300, 361, 619-22. 
 
 Dickey, Dr. Ebenezer V., 619. 
 
 Dickey, Jesse C, 522. 
 
 Dickey, Moses, 50. 
 
 Dicks, Peter, 62, 522-3. 
 
 Dickson, Frederick S., 326. 
 
 Dickson, Henry, 46, 239. 
 
 Diehl, Nicholas, 61. 
 
 Dillingham, Wm. H., 523-4. 
 
 Dilworth, Charles, 61, 68, 106-6, 162. 
 
 Dilworth, James, 624. 
 
 Dilworth, Dr. Eichard B., 624. 
 
 Directories, 326. 
 
 Disciples' church, 299, 300. 
 
 Division of Philadelphia and Chester 
 
 counties, 40. 
 Dixson, Wm., 181, 244. 
 Dobson, Gen. John E., 524-5. 
 Doe Run Mtg., 241. 
 Donegal twp., 173. 
 Dongan, Tho., 10. 
 Dorian, James M., facing 518. 
 Downard, Wm., 46-8. 
 Downing family, 625-6. 
 Downing, John, 108, 328. 
 Downing, Joseph, lOU, 169, 625. 
 Downing, Richard, 119, 168, 626. 
 Downingtown Mfg., 241, 
 Downingtown, 69, 173, 222; Presb. 
 
 church, 258; Epis. ch., 279; Meth. 
 
 ch., 288. 
 Drewett, Morgan, 16, 18, 232. 
 Du Buis, Eev. Eobert P., 320. 
 Duke of York (James), grant to, 12; 
 
 title to lan>] wost of the Delaware, 
 
 20; items, 166-7, 363, 415. 
 Dunlap, D.D., Eev. James, 626. 
 Dutton, John, 626. 
 
 Dutch West India Company, 9, 10, 12. 
 Dysart, James, 60. 
 
 B. 
 
 Eachus, Phinehas, 212-13. 
 
 Eachus, Eobert, 626-7. 
 
 East Bradford twp., 56, 70, 106, 146 ; 
 
 history of, 163-6, 222. 
 East Brandywiue twp., bistoi-y of, 107 ; 
 
 222. 
 East Cain twp., 56, 98, 109, 110 ; his- 
 tory of, 167-9 ; 208-9. 
 East Coventry twp., 172, 222. 
 East Eallowfield, 66, 103, 146 ; history 
 
 of, 176-6; 222. 
 East Goshen twp., 83, 177-8, 222. 
 East Marlborough twp., 67, 70, 106 ; 
 
 history of, 184-6 ; 222. 
 East Nantmeal, 60, 57, 108, 185-7, 211- 
 
 12, 222. 
 East Nottingham Mtg., 236-6. 
 East Nottingham twp., 57, 179, 195-9 . 
 
 222. 
 East Pikcland, 101 ; history of, 200-3 ; 
 
 222. 
 East Sadsbury Mtg., 242. 
 Easttown, survey of, 28 ; items (1759), 
 
 66; (1777), 107; history of, 173-4; 
 
 222. 
 East Vincent, 101-2, 134, 222. 
 East Whiteland twp., 107, 222. 
 Eavenson family, 527. 
 Edge, John, 527-8. 
 Edge, Dr. John P., 119, 173, 528-9. 
 Edmiston, James, 629. 
 Edmiston, Dr. Samuel, 529. 
 Edgmont township, taxables (1693), 
 
 33,36; items, 56 ; 174. 
 Educational and Literaiy, 302-35. 
 Edwards, John, 5'i7. 
 Edwards, Wm., 61, 527. 
 Ehrenzellcr, Dr. Jacob, 529-30. 
 Eldridge, Thomas, 630. 
 Eldridge, Jonathan, 630. 
 Eldridge, Joseph, 6W. 
 Election districts, 224-7. 
 Elk twp., 174, 193. 
 Ellis, Thomas, 28-9. 
 Blwyn, Dr. A. L., 79, 339, 630-1. 
 Embree, James, 531. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Imlen, George, 536. 
 
 Imlen, M.D., Samuel, 313, 537-8. 
 
 Impson, Thomas, 45. 
 
 Incampment at Valley Forge, 98-100. 
 
 higland, Joseph, 45, 538. 
 
 iDgland, William, 538. 
 
 Ipiscopal churches, 273-9. 
 
 ^rwin, James, 58. 
 
 Ivans, Abel, 542-3. 
 
 )vans, Abner, 544. 
 
 Ivans, Bei^'amin, 57. 
 
 Ivans, Caleb, 39. 
 
 Ivans, Columbus P., 328, 541. 
 
 Ivans, Daniel and Bees, 543. 
 
 Ivans, David, 221. 
 
 Ivans, Kev. David, 249, 311. 
 
 Ivans, M.D., Edmund 0., 318. 
 
 Ivans, Evan, 61,97, 188,207; (Eev.) 
 
 273-4 ; 433, 539. 
 Ivans family, 538-44. 
 Ivans, Henrys., 215, 327-8, 332,540-1. 
 Ivans, James, 61. 
 Ivans, John, 29, 33; Col. John, 68, 
 
 172, 188, 207, 259, 538-9, 543. 
 Ivans, Judge John, 539. 
 Ivans, Joshua, 61, 68 ; Gen , 132 ; 206, 
 
 418,541-2. 
 
 Ivans, J. B., facing 545. 
 Ivans, Lewis, 542. 
 Ivans, Nathaniel, 20, 24,216. 
 Ivans, Bichard, 55, 206. 
 Ivans, Thomas, 61, 68, 178, 218, 237, 
 
 539. 
 Ivans, Wm., 61, 66 ; Col. Wm., 96, 97, 
 
 103; 206, 433, 543-4. 
 Iverhart, William, 544-5. 
 Iverhard, Tost, 62. 
 Iverhart, Hon. Jas. B., 134, 304, 320, 
 
 384. 
 
 Iverhart, Dr. John R., 141. 
 Iverhart, Wm., 134, 212, 215. 
 Iwiug, James, 68. 
 Ixecutive Council, 96-7, 103-4, 111, 
 
 113, 115. 
 lyre, Isaac, 61. 
 
 agg's Manor, history of, 174-5 ; 189, 
 
 199, 200. 
 airlamb, Nicholas, 39, 61, 171, 207, 
 
 645. 
 
 airlamb, Samuel, 61, 545. 
 
 allowfield, Lancelot, 175. 
 
 allowfield Mtg., 241-2. 
 
 allowiield twp., 204 (see Ea$t and 
 
 Went Fallowfleld), 
 amine in Ireland (1847), 134. 
 ell, Thomas, 45, 236, 237. 
 etters, Abraham, 545-6. 
 etters, George, 545. 
 etters, Levi, 546. 
 erries, 357-8. 
 incher, Francis, 546. 
 inley, D.D., Rev. Samuel, 646-7. 
 inney, Robert, 547. 
 inney, Walter, 61, 547. 
 iist boiler-plate made in Fa,, 349, 
 [rst court after Fenn's arrival, record 
 of, 24. 
 
 irst grand jury in Fa., 20. 
 irst rolling-mill, 349. 
 irst turnpike in America, 354. 
 ishbourne, Ralph, 36, 37. 
 slies, of Chester Co., 446-8. 
 tzpatrick, James, 518-9. 
 eming, John, 68, 550. 
 eming, Wm., 171, 549-50. 
 ing, David, 550. 
 ower, Richard, 61, 551. 
 irbes' Expedition (1758), 54-8. 
 arrester, Ralph, 551. 
 irsytha, John, 302-3, 309, 551. 
 lulke, Edward, 551-2. 
 nlke, John, 61. 
 
 ame of Government for Colony of 
 Pa., 20. 
 ancis, Casper S., 552. 
 
 Franklin, Dr.Benj., 61, 66, 211, 433. 
 Franklin (see New LondoH twp.), 177, 
 
 222. 
 Frazer, Persifor, 61-2, 66, 71, 119, 
 
 205, 552-3. 
 Fred, John, family of, 553-4. 
 Fredd, Eli, facing 554. 
 Free, Jacob, 50. 
 "Free Society of Traders," 20, 189,' 
 
 192. 
 French and Indian war, 51-3. 
 Frick, John, 654. 
 Friends, Society of (see Society of 
 
 Friends) . 
 Fultertou, Robert (ensign), 52. 
 Fulton, Jr., James, 555. 
 Fultou, John, 555. 
 Fulton, Dr. James, 656-7. 
 Fulton, Wm. T., 565-6. 
 Furly, Beiijohan, 210. 
 Fussell, Bartholomew, 557-8. 
 Fussell, Dr. Baitholomew, 427, 558. 
 Fussell, Dr. Edwiu, 426-7. 
 Fussell, Solomon, 557. 
 Futhey family, 658-9. 
 Futliey, J. Sniilh,92, 100,251,321,369. 
 Futhey, Robert, 558-9. 
 Futhey, Robert A., 309, 560. 
 Futhey, Samuel, 68, 103, 122, 660. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gandouett, Francis, 560. 
 
 Gardner, Carswell, 660. 
 
 Gardner, Francis, 50, 573. 
 
 Gardner, Col. John, 109 ; 201, 573. 
 
 Gardner, Dr. Joseph, 204, 382, 673. 
 
 Garrett family, 560-1. 
 
 Garrettson, John, 46. 
 
 Gatchel, Blisha, 41, 41), 48, 197-8, 561. 
 
 Gatchel, Dr. Elisha, 561-2. 
 
 Gause, Charles, 562. 
 
 Cause, Jonathan, 243, 304-5, 662-3. 
 
 Gawthrop, Thomas, 563. 
 
 Geological formations, 212. 
 
 Geology of Chester Co., 435-8. 
 
 George II., death of, 58. 
 
 George III., proclaimed, 58. 
 
 German Ref 'd churches, 296-3. 
 
 Gheen family, 563-9. 
 
 Gibbons, Daniel, 426, 428. 
 
 Gibbons, Jacob, 217, 566. 
 
 Gibbous, James, 45, 49, 178, 186, 192, 
 
 217,309,564-6,569. 
 Gibbons, John, 27, 33, 232, 664. 
 Gibbons, Thonnis, 567. 
 Gibbons, Joseph, 61, 119, 217, 565. 
 Gibbons, Capt. Wm., 76 ; Col., 97 ; 122, 
 
 178, 336, 566-7. 
 Gibbons, Lieut. Wm., 669. 
 Gibbons, M.D., Wm., 316; sheriff, 
 
 374; 433; 567-90. 
 Gilbert, Howard W., 321. 
 Gilliland, John, 61. 
 Gilpin, Joseph, 46, 670. 
 Gilpin, Gideon, 130-1. 
 Gilpin, Thomas, 111, 570. 
 Glass, A.M., Francis, 313. 
 Glassford, Henry, 50. 
 Gloria Dei Church, members of, 36. 
 Goodson, John, 28, 147. 
 Goodwin family, 570-1. 
 Goodwin, Thos., 45, 570-1. 
 Gordon, John, 575. 
 Gordon, John Rogers, 576. 
 Goshen Monthly Meeting, 53, 58, 234- 
 
 5, 239, 413. 
 Goshen township, survey of, 28; items, 
 
 56, 103-4, 107, 116, 145, 177-8. 
 Government, Frame of, for the Colony, 
 
 20. 
 Governors, list of, 302-3. 
 Grace, Robert, 211, 345. 
 Graham, James, 60. 
 Graham, Richard, 49. 
 Graham, William Sloan, 318. 
 Grand Inquest (1683), 25; (1694-95), 
 35. 
 
 Grand Jurors, 38. 
 
 Grand Jury, first, 20;- (1683), 25; 
 
 (1094), 85; (1697), 36; (170O), 36; 
 
 (1701-2), 37; (17«5), 38; number of, 
 
 39 ; (1741), 49. 
 Greave (Graves), Samuel, 45, 233. 
 Green, Henry, 45. 
 Green, Thos., 57, 676. 
 Grey, Charles (British General), 89. 
 Grier, Rev. Nathan, 575. 
 Grier, Robert Smith, 675. 
 Grier, M.D., Joseph T., 211. 
 Griffen, John, 671. 
 Griffith, Benoni. 673. 
 Griffllh, Evan, 574. 
 Griffith, Dr. Joseph, 574. 
 Griffith, Daniel, 68, 201, 272. 
 Griffith, M.D , BonJ., 211, 674. 
 Groir, M.D., Prof. Geo. G., 324. 
 Gronow, Lewis, 61, 224, 433, 674. 
 Grnbb, John, 575. 
 Grubb, Samuel, 575. 
 Gummere, John, 304, 313. 
 Gunboats, in 1775, 62. 
 Gunkle, Michael, 572. 
 Gunkle, Daniel, 572-3. 
 Guss, Charles, 576. 
 Gnss, Col. Henry B., 137-9, 676. 
 
 H. 
 
 Hadly, Simon, 576. 
 
 Haines, David, 212, 215. 
 
 Haines, Isaac, 46, 178, 197, 212, 235, 
 
 577. 
 Haines, John, 212, 216, 235, 576. 
 Haines, Joseph, 584-5. 
 Haines, Townsend, 134, 326, 331, 677- 
 
 83. 
 Haines, Esq., Wm. T., 325. 
 Haines, Dr. Wm. E., 684. 
 Hall, Samuel, 685. 
 Hamill, Robert, 585-6. 
 Hamilton, Andrew (Gov.), 38. 
 Hammans, Wm., 45. 
 Hannum, Cheyney, 314, 329. 
 Hannum, John, facing 604. 
 Hannum, Col. John, 53-4, 01, 65, 103, 
 
 116-18, 164, 213, 363, 382,586-7. 
 Happersett, D.D., Reese, 687. 
 Harlan family, 687. 
 Harlan, Abram D., 322, 433, 588. 
 Harlan, Gen. Josiah, 316, 588. 
 Harper, John, 20 ; Major, 1 17-18, 213- 
 
 14, 376i, 588. 
 Harris, Dr. Robert, 66. 
 Harris, Dr. Thomas, 211. 
 Hanlsoo, James, 26. 
 Hart, John, 60-1. 
 Hartman family, 589-90. 
 Hartman, Mnj. George, 101, 122, 126, 
 
 5S9-90. 
 Hartman, John, 52, 689. 
 Hartman, Thos., 61. 
 Hartman, M.D., William D., 315, 435, 
 
 448-53, 590. 
 Hartshorne, Joshua, 690. 
 Harvey, Job, 46. 
 Harvey, Jacob W., 591. 
 Harvey, William, 690. 
 Haslep, Thomas, 61, 08, 205. 
 Haslett, Dr. John D. S., 592-3. 
 Haslett, James, facing 605. 
 Hastings, Joshua, 20, 24, 26. 
 Haverford Mo. Meeting, 42, 61. 
 Haverford township, survey, 28; tax- 
 ables (1693), 33 ; items, 56, 97, 178. 
 Hawley, Benj., 73, 593. 
 Hayes family, 593-5. 
 Hayes, Henry, 43, 60, 175, 185, 246, 593. 
 Hayes, John, 696. 
 Hayes, M.D., Isaac I., 321, 594. 
 Hayes, Jonathan, murder of, 39. 
 Hayes, Dr. Nathan, 695. 
 Hazard, Willis P., 324. 
 Heath, Noble, 318. 
 Heckel, Sr., Dr. Frederick W., 697-8. 
 
 Heckel, Jr., Dr. Frederick W., 598-9. 
 
 Hemphill, Joseph, 595-6. 
 
 Hemphill, Judge Joseph, 596-7. 
 
 Hemphill, William, 596. 
 
 Henderson, Rev. Jacob, 47. 
 
 Henderson, John, 599. 
 
 Hibberd family, 599, 600. 
 
 Hibberd, John, 58, 220, 599. 
 
 Hibberd, Josiah, 599. 
 
 Hickman, Bei;)., 36, 216-17, 60O. 
 
 Hickman, Dr. Joseph,- 603. 
 
 Hickman, Marshall B., 603. 
 
 Hickman family, 600-3. 
 
 Hickman, John, 20, 134, 162, 205, 304 , 
 329, 600-3. 
 
 Hicks, Edward, 603. 
 
 Higginbotham, Charles, 46-7. 
 
 Highland twp., 145, 178, 222. 
 
 Hill, Richard, 43. 
 
 Hilltown, 178. 
 
 Hoare, Samuel, 201. 
 
 Hobson, Francis, 605. 
 
 Hobson, Joseph, 605. 
 
 Hockessin Mtg., 239. 
 
 Hockley, Col. Thomas, 00-1, 64-6, 433. 
 
 Ilodgkins, John. 32-3. 
 
 Hodgson family, 603. 
 
 Hodgson, Mark A.,<j04. 
 
 Hodgson, Robert, 193, 604. 
 
 Hogs, to prevent running at large, 36. 
 
 Holland family, 605. 
 
 Hollandei'S, settlement of, in 1640, 10. 
 
 Holliugsworth, Henry, 36-6, 38, 187, 
 195, 375. 
 
 Holliugsworth, James, 45. 
 
 Hollingsworth, Samuel, 43, 192. 
 
 Hollingsworth, Thos., 45, 233. 
 
 Hollingsworth, Valentine, 232-3, 605. 
 
 Holme's map, 29, 209. 
 
 Holme, Thomas, 20, 28, 145, 147, 209. 
 
 Homes of Chester Co., 2^2-4. 
 
 Homeville Mtg., 242. 
 
 Honeybrook twp., 178-9, 186. 
 
 Hoopoa, Abner, 606. 
 
 Hoopes, Benj., 188. 
 
 Hoopes, Daniel, 212, 216-17, 244, 605. 
 
 Hoopes, George, 61, 84, 107. 
 
 Hoopes, John, 33, 79, 1U7, 169, 178, 212 , 
 
 245, 605. 
 Hoopes, Joshua, 301-6, 606-6. 
 Hoopes, Jusiah, 342,-606. 
 Hoopes, Thos., 33, 178, 214, 605. 
 Hooton, Esq., Francis C, 325. 
 Hope, Thomas, 60, 58, 179. 
 Hope, Robert, 261. 
 Hopewell boro', 179. 
 Horse Companies, 403. 
 Hospitals in Revolution, 100-1, 202, 
 
 237. 
 House, Amos, 606. 
 House, John, 606. 
 House of Correction, 27, 411. 
 Howell James' Mtg., 236. 
 Hudson, Henry, discovers Delaware 
 
 bay, 9. 
 Hughes, Samuel, 68. 
 Hughes, Thos., 48-9. 
 Humphreys, Chas., 61, 108, 382. 
 Humphi-eys, Edward, 61. 
 Humphrey, Col. Jacob, 130, 133, 261, 
 
 606-7. 
 Humpton, Col. Richard, 607. ' 
 Hunt, Joshua, 607-8. 
 Hunt, Roger, 5li, 54-8, 173. 
 Hunter, J. T. F., bet. 004 and 605. 
 Hurford, John, 608.. 
 Hurford, Maris, 608-9. 
 Hutton, John, 609. 
 Huttou, Joseph, 609. 
 Hutton, NehemiaU, 009. 
 
 I. 
 
 Indians, commissioners to treat with, 
 19; trade, and title, of, 21; selling 
 rum to, 27; reported outmges, 31 ; 
 troubles and treaties, 39; Indian 
 
INDEX. 
 
 xli 
 
 Blwes, 39 ; complaint of Indians, on 
 brancli of tlie Brandy wine, 43; the 
 DelawareB and Six Nations, 52 ; In- 
 dian outbreak, 69 ; deeds, 144-6; In- 
 dian path, 146; Indian flres, 188; 
 village, 190; chiefs in the Assembly 
 (1726-26), 190-2 ; in Whiteland, 218 ; 
 in Willistown, 219-20; history of, 
 420-3 ; Indian traders, 431-2. 
 Ingram, Benj., presented, for being 
 
 unlawfully married, 36. 
 Ingram, John, 609. 
 Ingram, Wm,, 134, 609. 
 Insurance companies, 391-2. 
 Iran works, at Coventiy and "War- 
 wick, 49 ; cannon in Eevulution cast 
 at Warwick, 66 : Laurel Iron works, 
 146; Franklin stoves cast at War- 
 wick furnace, 211; history of the 
 several iron works, and of iron 
 manufacture in Chester Co., 343-60. 
 Irwin, Kobt., 134, 214. 
 Irwin, Bev. Nathaniel, 609. 
 Items tram Koger Hunt's account- 
 book, 64-8. 
 
 J. 
 
 Jackson family, 323, 609-12. 
 
 Jackson, Halliday, 316. 
 
 Jackson, Isaac, 46, 610. 
 
 Jackson, Gen. James (colored), 426-6. 
 
 Jackson, M.D., Samuel, 313, 612. 
 
 Jackson, William, 611. 
 
 Jacobs family, 612. 
 
 Jail (see also Prison), 32, 38, 116-18, 
 
 411-12. 
 James family, 612-13. 
 James, Jacob, 103, 115, 213. 
 James, John, 55, 612. 
 James, William, 68, 613. 
 Jeflferis, Chalkley, 119, 614. 
 Jefferis, Cheyney, 73, 164, 614. 
 Jeflferis, Emmor, 73, 75, 613-14. 
 Jefferis, George, 149, 166. 
 Jefferis, Horatio X., 613. 
 Jefferis, James, 271, 613-14. 
 Jefferis, Joshua, 614. 
 Jefferis, Eobert^ 163-4, 613-14.- 
 Jefferis, Samuel, 84. 
 Jefferis, Wm. W., 216, 304, 388, 613. 
 Jenkin, Evan, 45. 
 Jenkins, John M., 326. 
 Jenkins, Timothy, 45. 
 Jennerville, 200. 
 Job, Andrew, 616. 
 John, David, 68, 206, 249, 614. 
 John, GrifBth, 614. 
 John, Jesse, 614. 
 John, Samuel, 614. 
 Johnson, Isaac D., 324. 
 Johnson, John, 60, 183. 
 Johnson, Obadiah, 45. 
 Johnson, Bobert, 615. 
 Johnston, Alexander, 67, 193. 
 Johnston, Francis, 61-3, 66, 615. 
 Johnston, Dr. William, 316. 
 Jones, Cadwalader, 46, 207-«, 240. 
 Jones, Eev. David, 87, 107, 269, 312, 
 
 615-17. 
 Jones, David, 217, 235. 
 Jones, Dr. Edward, arrives (1682), 20. 
 Jones, Edward, 61. 
 Jones, Evan, 53, 260. 
 Jones, Griffith, 617. 
 Jones, Horatio G., 260, 267. 
 Jones, D.D., Bev. Horatio G., 617. 
 Jones, Hugh, 29, 115. 
 Jones, John, 314. 
 Jones, Joshua, 314. 
 Jones, Owen, 115. 
 Jones, Bees, 617. 
 Jones, ThoB., 617. 
 Jones, William, 66, 107, 162. 
 Judges, list of (1790-1880), 368-70. 
 Judicial proceedings (1677), 16. 
 JanKin, Benj., 107. 
 
 Jurors, names of (1678), 17 ; (1681-2), 
 18, 19; fii-st.grandjury, 20; (1683), 
 25 ; number of, 39. 
 
 Justices, names and residences (1680), 
 17; (1681), 18, 19; hesitate to per- 
 form their duties, 39 ; list of (1667- 
 1839), 364-8. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kaler, Levi B., 618-19. 
 
 Keach, Elias, 269. 
 
 Keach, Moses, 271. 
 
 Eeeley, Daniel, facing 624. 
 
 Keith, William (Gov.), 40. 
 
 Keith, Dr. Thos., 211. 
 
 Kelton, James, 619. 
 
 Kennedy, Dr. John, 620. 
 
 Kennedy, Dr. Sam'l, 62, 107, 202, 619- 
 
 20. 
 Kennedy, Dr. Thos. Buston, 202, 249' 
 
 620. ■ 
 Kennedy, M.D., Thos., 620. 
 Kennet Mo. Mtg., Ill, 236, 302. 
 Kennet Square, 70, 73-6, 124 ; history 
 of, 181 ; 184-6, 222 ; Presb. church, 
 268; Meth. ch., 291; papers, 333; 
 337. 
 Kennet Square Mfg., 242. 
 Kennet twp., 56, 106, 108, 153 ; history 
 of, 179-81 ; 187-8. 
 
 Kennison, Edward, 36. 
 
 Kent, Benjamin, 621. 
 
 Kent, Daniel, 620-1. 
 
 Kent, John, 50. 
 
 Kent, Joseph, 34, 621. 
 
 Kent, William, 621. 
 
 Kerlin, John, 61, 107. 
 
 Kersey, Jesse, 316, 621-3. 
 
 Kersey, William, 621. 
 
 Key, Moses, 45. 
 
 Kilpatrick, Hugh, 50. 
 
 Kimble, 623. 
 
 Kimberton Mtg., 242. 
 
 King family, 623-4. 
 
 King, John, 623-4. 
 
 King, Thomas, 33, 623. 
 
 King William, death of, 38. 
 
 Kingeman, John, 33.- 
 
 Kinnard, Asher M., 623. 
 
 Kinnard, Caleb H., 326, 328. 
 
 Kirk, Adam, 45. 
 
 Kirk, Alphonsus, 45, 233, 624. 
 
 Kirk family, genealogy of, 322, 624. 
 
 Kirk, Boger, 116, 197, 624. 
 
 Kirk, William, 240, 624. 
 
 Kirkbride, Mahlon, 52. 
 
 Kirke, John, 33, 624. 
 
 Kloz, M.D., T. F., 316. 
 
 Knauer, Davis, facing 625. 
 
 Lafayette, headquarters of, at Brandy- 
 wine, 72; wounded, 72-3; visit to 
 Chester Co. in 1824, 130-3. 
 
 Lamborn, Bobert, 626. 
 
 Lamborn, Wm., 246, 625. 
 
 Lament over Chester's mother (poem), 
 118. 
 
 Lampeter Mtg., 239. 
 
 Lancaster county erected, 42, 43; 
 items, 200, 204, 207, 229. 
 
 Landholders (1689), 31 ; (1774), 162. 
 
 Land Titles, 144^66 ; 163, 220 ; 421-2. 
 . Larceny, penalty for, 39. 
 
 Larkin, John, 63, 205, 626. 
 
 Larkin, Mordecai, 625-6. 
 
 Lasse, Carolus, 27. 
 
 Latta, Bev. Francis A., 626. 
 
 Latta, Bev. James, 260. 
 
 Latta, Eev. William, 249, 267, 626-7. 
 
 Laubach, Johannes, 627. 
 
 Lawrence, Henry, 61. 
 
 Lea, John (see Wehh). 
 
 Leet, Edward, 47. 
 
 Leggitt. George, 60, 
 
 Leggitt, Thomas, 50. 
 
 Legitt, Thomas, 57. 
 
 Leonard, Daniel, 628. 
 
 Leonard, John B., 321, 326, 628. 
 
 Leonard, Joseph, 628. 
 
 Leslie, Bobert, 627-8. 
 
 Leslie, William, 627. 
 
 Letters of administration granted 
 
 (1681), 10. 
 Levie for year 1700, 36-7. 
 Levis family, 628. 
 Levis, Samuel, 36-7, 46, 49, 628. 
 Levis, Capt. Thos., 97, 103, 113-14, 
 
 117, 224. 
 Lewis family, the, 628-36. 
 Lewis, Charlton T., 323. 
 Lewis, Ellis, 46, 189, 635. 
 Lewis, Enoch, 314, 430, 628-33. 
 Lewis, Evan, 45, 185, 205, 234, 264, 
 
 628-9, 634. 
 Lewis, Henry, 29, 33, 272, 628-9, 634. 
 Lewis, Joseph J., 216, 304, 314, 606, 
 
 633-4. 
 Lewis, Joseph S., 132. 
 Lewis, Philip, 52. 
 Lewis, Phineas, 56, 238. 
 Lewis, Balph, 636. 
 Lewis, Eiohard B., 636. 
 Lewis, Stephen, 45. 
 Lewis, Thos, 636. 
 Lewis, William, 01, 240, 635-6. 
 Lieutenants and sub-lieutenants 1777 
 
 to 1786, 113-14. 
 Lightfoot, Benj., 50. 
 Lightfdot, Jacob, 48. 
 Lightfoot, Thomas, 637. 
 Lincoln University, 307. 
 Lindley, James, 637. 
 Lippard, George, 318, 637. 
 Liquor, distillation forbidden, without 
 license (1671), 12; restrictions on its 
 sale, 20; selling to Indians, 27. 
 List of Taxables (1677), 16; (1693), 33- 
 
 4 ; (1715, etc.), 162-221. 
 Little Elk Mtg., 242. 
 Little, William, 60. 
 Lloyd, David, 41, 149, 207, 636. 
 Lloyd, Hugh, 61-2, 64-6, 433. 
 Lloyd, Thomas (master of the rolls), 
 28, 30; gov., 32; commissioner, 147, 
 165,210; 264. 
 Lockhart, Capt. Jas., 173. 
 Logan, James, 148-9, 162-3, 171, 174, 
 179, 186-6, 188, 191-3, 195, 216, 239, 
 417, 421. 
 London Britain, 56 ; history of, 181-2 ; 
 
 187, 194, 222. 
 London Britain Mtg., 242. 
 Londonderry twp., 56; history of, 182- 
 
 3; 186,200. 
 Londongrove Mtg., 237, 241. 
 Londongrove twp., 46-7, 66, 106-6; 
 
 history of, 183-4; 182, 188, 222. 
 " Long Finn," insurrection of, 12. 
 Longstreth, Bartholomew, 637. 
 Longwood Mtg. (P. F.), 243. 
 Loomis, Davis K., 638. 
 Lords of Trade and Plantations, 39. 
 Love, Eev. Thus., 638. 
 Love, Samuel, 50. 
 Lovelace, Gov., order of, 13 ; patent 
 
 from, 26 
 Lowden, John, 638. 
 Lower Darby twp., 56. 
 Lower Oxford twp., 179. 
 Lower Providence twp., 57. 
 Loyalists (see Tories). 
 Lukens, Susan, 321. 
 Lutheran churches, 293-6. 
 
 M. 
 
 McAden, Bev. Hugh, 639. 
 MacVeagh, Wayne, 215, 409. 
 McCall, Benj., 200. 
 McCall,Maj.-Gen. Geo. A., 136, 320. 
 McOall,John,50. 
 MoCaughey, Enoch S., 639. 
 
 McCIellan, Capt. Joseph, 80, 113, 121- 
 
 2, 130-3, 639-40. 
 McCIellan, Dr. Bobert L., 640-1. 
 McCIellan, Lieut. Samuel, 640. 
 McClenachan, Elijah, 119, 12ll 
 McClenacban, Bobert, 173. 
 McClun, Thos., 46. 
 McCIure, David, 205. 
 McClure, John, 641-2. 
 McClune, Prof. Jas., 186, 253, 306, .337, 
 
 340, 347, 440. 
 McCulIough, George, 60. 
 McCullough, 'James, 642. 
 McDowell, Andrew, 50. 
 McDowell, James, 642. 
 McDowell, John, 642-3. 
 McDowell, Capt. Wm., 65, 642. 
 Mclntire, And., 106. 
 Mcllvaine, Hon. Abr.E., 643. 
 McKean family, 643. 
 McKean, Thomas, 644-7. 
 MoKean, William, 417, 644. 
 McKnight, Wm , 60. 
 McLene, James, 647. 
 McMillan, Bev. John, 647. 
 McNeil, Eev. Wm. E., 647-8. 
 Mackey, John, 648. 
 Mackey, Bobert, 60, 193, 648. 
 Maclay, Wm., 639. 
 
 Magistrates of Chester Co., letter to, 48. 
 Mahan, Jason M., 316, 332, 341. 
 Mahanatawny township, 41. 
 Maitland, Alexander, 314. 
 Malin, Eandall, 107, 231, 648. 
 Malin, Sr., John, facing 649. 
 Malvern, history of, 221-2. 
 Malvern Mtg., 242. 
 Manlove, Luke, 45. 
 Manlove, Mark, 46. 
 Maps, 326. 
 
 March, Franklin, facing 648. 
 Maris family, 649. 
 Maris, A.M., Geo. L., 324,649. 
 Maris, Jesse, 63, 649. 
 
 Market-place in Chester borough, 42. 
 
 Markham, William, appointed dep.- 
 gov., 18; doings of, 18-20, 28-9, 32, 
 147. 
 
 Marlborough Mtg., 241, 302. 
 
 Marlborough twp., 152 (see East and 
 West Marlborough). 
 
 Marple township, constable and su- 
 pervisor for (1684), 26; (1686}, 30; 
 taxables (1693), 33 ; items, 67, 185. 
 
 Marsh, Eev. Wm. H. H., 649. 
 
 Marshall, Ab'm., 45, 188-9, 190, 238, 
 649. 
 
 Marshall, Alex., 178, 329, 411, 662. 
 
 Marshall, Humphry, 312, 660-1. 
 
 Marshall, Dr. Moses, 651. 
 
 Marshall, John, 661-2. 
 
 Martin, Thomas, 652. 
 
 Martin, Lt.-Col. Wm. H., 140. 
 
 Mason, Benj., 312. 
 
 Masonic order in Chester Co., 396-8. 
 
 Mason and Dixon's line, 163, 156-9. 
 
 Massacre atPaoli (see PaoU MasBacre). 
 
 Massey, Thomas, 663-4. 
 
 Mather, James. 49, 50. 
 
 Mather, John, 60. 
 
 Matlack, Isaiah, ^12-14. 
 
 Matlack, Israel, 107. 
 
 Matlack, Wm., 654. 
 
 Mattson, M.D., Morris, 316. 
 
 May family, 654^5. 
 
 May, D.D., Eev. James, 318. 
 
 May, origin of name of Cape, 9. 
 
 Medical Society, 318, 393-4. 
 
 Mendenhall, Aaron, 45, 167, 238, 655. 
 
 Mendenhall, Benj., 46, 164, 171, 238, 
 666. 
 
 Mendenhall, John, 46, 167, 171, 238, 
 665. 
 
 Mendenhall, Eobert, 60, 61, 656. 
 Mennonite church, 298-9. 
 Mercer, Thomas, 666. 
 Meredith family, 665-0. 
 
xlii 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Merion, survey of, 28 ; John Eobei'tB 
 
 of, 115. 
 Messer, Thos., 45. 
 Meteorology, 468-60. 
 , Methodist churches, 279-92. 
 iMey, Capt. Coruelie Jacobsob, 9. 
 ;Micliener family, 666-8. 
 Michener, M.D., Ezra, 243, 315, 393, 
 
 402-3, 439-46, 463-8, 666. 
 jMichener, Dr. Nathan, 657-8. 
 JMiddletown Mtg., 233. 
 I Middletown township, taxables (1693), 
 I 33,36; items, 57, 185." 
 Miles, Eev. Geo. I., 316. 
 ] Miles, James, 109. 
 
 : Militia (see also Asiodators)^ 51-2 ; 92, 
 i 99, 100, 109-10, 112-14, 121-9, 131-4, 
 
 414-15 (see also War). 
 Millard, Thomas, 658-9. 
 j Mill Creek Mtg., 242. 
 [Miller, Gayen, 659. 
 Miller, Dr. Warwick, 659. 
 Miller, James, 660. 
 Miller, John, 49, 50, 188, 669-60. 
 Miller, Samuel, 45, 239. 
 Miller, William, 45, 46, 61. 
 Millhous, Thos., 46, 243-5, 658. 
 Millis, John, 312. 
 
 Mills, iron manufacture, etc., 343-51. 
 Miner, Charles, 315, 327, 660-1. 
 Minerals found in Chester Co., 438-9. 
 Minuit, Peter, 10. 
 Mitchell, Andrew, 61. 
 Mode, Alexander, 661. 
 Monaghan, Esq., James, 325. 
 Montgomery, Alex., 661-2. 
 Montgomery, James, 50, 204. 
 Montgomery, Col. Wm., 60-2, 64-5; 
 
 185, 661-2. 
 I Moore, Charles, 60. 
 jMoore, Ohas. C, bet. 648, 649. 
 jMoore,-Guyon, 60, 168. 
 {Moore Hall, 206, 662. 
 1 Moore, Henry, between 648, 649. 
 iMoore (Col.), James, 61-2, 64-5, 68; 
 i 119, 193, 267. 
 I'Moore, Dr. Joseph, 214, 665. 
 I Moore, Joseph, 427. 
 iMoore, William, 60, 205, 662-3 ; bet. 
 
 648, 649. 
 Moore, Rev. Chas., 663-5. 
 Moore, Eev. Wm. E., 319. 
 Morgan, David, 45. 
 Morgan, Jacob B., 665. 
 Morgan, Thomas, 49. 
 Morrell, Robert, 50. 
 Morris, James, 46, 107. 
 Morris, Dr. Jonathan, 61. 
 Morrison, Rev. A. G., 256. 
 Morrison, Dr. John A., 665-6. 
 Morton, John, 36, 61, 382, 666-7. 
 Morton, Sketchley, 61. 
 Morton, Robert W., 667. 
 Morton, John W., 667-8. 
 Mowi-y, Charles, 666. 
 Moylan, Stephen, 668. 
 Munday, Henry (Md.), 46, 47. 
 Murders— of Jonathan Hayes of 
 Marple, 39 ; of Knowles Dant, 46 ; 
 , history of (1715-1873), 406-11. 
 Musgrave, Joseph, 61. 
 
 N. 
 
 Nantmeal Mtg., 240. 
 
 Nantmeal twp., 41, 67; history of, 
 186-7. 
 
 Naturalization, 412. 
 
 Natural History, etc., 435-60. 
 
 Naylor, Benj., 318. 
 
 " Neither Providence," taxahles 
 (1693), 33. 
 
 Newark Mo. Mtg., 230, 232-3. 
 
 New Castle Meeting, 233. 
 
 New Castle, name changed to, 12 ; 
 court at, 13 ; bounds between Up- 
 land and, 15 ; court, 17 ; petition for 
 
 division of county, and bounds de- 
 iined, 35 ; outbreak concerning 
 boundary line (1724), 41-2; hospi- 
 tals at, 66; county line, 120; land 
 surveyed, 160; items, 161-2, 157-61. 
 
 New Garden Mo. Mtg., Ill, 236, 238. 
 
 New Garden township, 46, 67, 70, 74, 
 106 ; history of, 187-9 ; 222. 
 
 New'lin, John, 46, 171, 189-90, 669. 
 
 Newlin, Nath'l, 36, 37, 41, 1 55, 171, 189, 
 191-2, 233, 669. 
 
 Newlin, Nicholas, 190, 232, 668-9. 
 
 Newlin twp., 67, 70, 106, 145-6 ; his- 
 tory of, 189r93; 203.222. 
 
 New London twp., 57, 106, 134; his- 
 tory of, 193-6 ; 177, 222. 
 
 Newspapers and periodicals, 325-36. 
 
 New Sweden, 10, 11, 34-5. , 
 
 Newton, Rev. Wm., 318. 
 
 Newtown Mtg., 234. 
 
 Newtown twp., orders of court relat- 
 ing to, 27 ; constable (1686), 30 ; tax- 
 ables (1693), 33 ; items, 57, 196, 218. 
 
 New York, name changed to, 12. 
 
 Nicolls, governor of N. Y., 12. 
 
 Niles, Hezekiah, 313, 669. 
 
 Nixon, Col. John, 670. 
 
 North, Col. Caleb, 113. 
 
 North Coventry twp,, 172, 222. 
 
 Northley township, 30. 
 
 Nottingham Mo. and Quarterly Mtg., 
 
 " 239,242. 
 
 Nottingham township, 41, 57, 69; his- 
 tory of, 196-8. 
 
 Nurseries, 342. 
 
 Nutt, Samuel (iron-master), 172, 211, 
 344, 670. 
 
 Oakford, Aaron, 61. 
 
 Oberholtzer, Mrs. S. L., 322. 
 
 Oborn, Henry, 45, 238. 
 
 Odd-Fellows, order of, 398-400. 
 
 Ogier,Dr.S. A., 670-1. 
 
 Ogle, Samuel (gov'r), 47. , 
 
 Olden-time costume, 246. 
 
 Old Style, 60-1. 
 
 Osborn, Samuel, 58, 214. 
 
 Otley, Mary (the witch), 213. 
 
 Overseers of highways, the first, 20. 
 
 Owen, Evan, 189, 191. - 
 
 Owen, Griffith, 148, 187-8, 195, 421. 
 
 Owen, John, 48, 347. 
 
 Oxford borough, 197, 199, 222 j Presby. 
 
 church, 263 ; Baptist oh., 272 ; Meth. 
 
 ch., 291 ; R. 0. church, 301. 
 Oxford Mtg., 242. 
 Oxford twp,, 67, 106; history of, 198- 
 
 9; 182. 
 
 P. 
 
 Painter, Samuel, 46, 162-3, 671-2. 
 
 Painter, Howard, 322. 
 
 Palmer, Lewis, 322. 
 
 Palmer, E. and E., 672. 
 
 Paoli massacre, 84-92. 
 
 Papegoya, John, 11. 
 
 Paper-mills: Mr. Wilcock's, 103; W. 
 
 & A. Mode's, 175-6 ; Eokeby, 176. 
 Parish, Dr. Chas. W., 672. 
 Parke, Artliur, 674. 
 Parke, John G,, 200, 674. 
 Parke, Joseph, 60, 200, 206, 673-4. 
 Parke, Robert, 200, 360, 673. 
 Parke, Thomas, 168, 173, 238, .673. 
 Parker, Abraham, 674. 
 Parker, John, 200, 243, 674. 
 Parker, John J., 360, 674. 
 Parker, Joseph, 42, 48, 68, 217, 674. 
 Parker, William, 00. 
 Parker, Wistar, 674. 
 Parkesburg (boro'), 199, 200, 204, 292, 
 
 301, 334. 
 Parry family, 675. 
 Parry, Lt.-Col. Caleb, 66, 675. 
 Parry, David, 39, 60, 65, 675. 
 Parry, John, 39, 49, 83, 170, 675. 
 
 Parry, Rowland, 50, 675. 
 
 Passmore, William, 45. 
 
 Passmore, John, 184, 676. 
 
 Passengers on the " Welcome," 21 ; by 
 sundry other vessels (1682-88), 22-4. 
 
 Patrons of Husbandry, 400-2. 
 
 Patterson, Wm., 107. 
 
 Pauperism, 403-6. 
 
 Peace-makers, 26. 
 
 Pearce, Col. Cromwell, 676-7. 
 
 i»earce, Cromwell, 676-7. 
 
 Pearce, Edward, 50. 
 
 Pearce, George W., 677. 
 
 Pearce, Lewis G., 677. 
 
 Pearson, Enoch, 49. 
 
 Pearson, Henry B., 316. 
 
 Peart, Bryan, 678. 
 
 Peddlers from 1730 to 1773, 4.32. 
 
 Peirce, George, 678. 
 
 Peirce, John, 311. 
 
 Peirce, Moses, 679. 
 
 Penington, Edward, 148, 152, 179. 
 
 Penn, Gulielma, 160, 174, 179, 188. 
 
 Penn, Hannah, 41, 43, 160. 
 
 Penn, John (son of proprietary), 40, 
 43-4, 69, 160, 181. 
 
 Penn, Letitia, 41, 150, 174, 179-80, 187. 
 
 Penn, Richard (son of proprietary), 
 40, 43, 160. 
 
 Penn, Springett (grandson of pro- 
 prietary), 43, 150. 
 
 Peun, Thomas (son of proprietary), 
 40, 43-4, 46, 49, 149-60, 188, 211, 347. 
 
 Penn twp., history of, 200 ; 222. 
 
 Penn, William, 'efforts to secure his 
 grant, 17 ; appoints a deputy-gov- 
 ernor of the province, 18; sends 
 pver commissionei-s, 19 ; a busy man, 
 20 ; at Chester, 26 ; his first Council, 
 26 ; orders a survey, 28 ; petition to, 
 29 ; lands in Philadelphia, 36 ; sails 
 for England, 38 ; memorial to the 
 Lords of Trade and Plantations, 39 ; 
 death of, 40; grant to town of Ches- 
 ter, 116 ; policy of, 144 ; proprietary 
 interests and grants, 145-62, and 
 quit-rents, 155, 167 ; conveyance of 
 land to sister, 170 ; patent of, 1701, 
 179 ; wari-ants, etc., 199 ; interested 
 in Ben. Furly, 210. 
 
 Penn, William (eldest son of preced- 
 ing), claims right to govern the 
 province, 40; commissions Keith 
 lieut.-gov., 40 ; death of, 40 ; Fagg's 
 Manor lands, 174; items, 187-8,199. 
 
 Fennell, John, 45, 679. 
 
 Pennell, Joseph, 45, 61, 679. 
 
 Pennell, Robert, 679. 
 
 Pennington, Dr. Isaac, 679-80. 
 
 Pennington, Thos., 107, 206. 
 
 Pennock, Barclay, 318, 681-2. 
 
 Pennock, Christopher, 680. 
 
 Pennock, Bnos, 119. 
 
 Pennock, Joseph, 46-6, 184, 680. 
 
 Pennock, Nathaniel, 62-3, 680. 
 
 Pennock, Samuel, 680-1. 
 
 Pennock, Wm., 45, 680. 
 
 Peuusbury twp,, 70, 103, 179; history 
 of, 200; 222. 
 
 Pennsgrove Mtg., 242. 
 
 Pennsylvania Land Co. in London, 183. 
 
 Pennypacker family, 682-3. 
 
 Pennypacker, Elijah F., 426-8, 682. 
 
 Pennypacker, Col. Galusha, 139-40, 
 683. 
 
 Pennypacker, Dr. Isaac A., 683. 
 
 Pennypacker, Jacob, 96, 682. 
 
 Pennypacker, Matthias, 93, 96-6, 170, 
 299, 433, 682. 
 
 Pennypacker, Samuel W., 200, 299, 
 323, 353, 358, 683. 
 
 Pennypacker, Uriah T., 215, 266-7, 
 682-3. 
 
 Pensioners, Revolutionary, 112-13, 
 
 Peter's, Richard, 49. 
 
 Petition, of inhabitants of Chester 
 (1693), 36; of upper inhabitants of 
 
 the West Side of the Schuylkill, 40; 
 
 of inhabitants on south side of 
 
 Schuylkill, 41 ; for bridge at Chads' 
 
 ford, 42 ; of the inhabitants of upper 
 
 parts of Chester Co., for division, 42 ; 
 
 petitions concerning border diifi- 
 
 culties, 44-8; (1746-7), 49; from 
 
 borough of Chester, 116; (1728), 
 
 167; (1739), 168; inhabitants New 
 
 London (1725), 181; (1776), 181-2; 
 
 (1728), 203; (1707), 355; of John 
 
 Chads (1737), 357. 
 Philadelphia county, 28, 36, 40, 68. 
 Philadelphia Quarterly Mtg., 232. 
 Philips family, reunion, etc., 323, 
 
 683-4. 
 Phillips, James, 46. 
 Phillips, Dr. John Barnard, 681. 
 Phillips, Joseph Barnard, 684. 
 Phillips, Joseph T., 684. 
 Phoenix Iron Works, 99, 350l 
 Phoenixville, 92-6, 135; history of, 
 
 200; 205, 222, 268, 267-8, 278-9, 282, 
 
 296, 298-9, 332, 360. 
 Physick, Edmund, 149-60. 
 Pickering, Benjamin, 685. 
 Pickering, Cha^., 169. 
 Pierce, Caleb, 45, 243. 
 Pierce, George, 61, 104, 184. 
 Pikeland Mtg., 240. 
 Pikelaud twp., 61, 57, 108, 152, 200-3 
 
 (see also Ea^t and Weit Pikeluiid). 
 Pillory, 51. 
 Pim family, 685. 
 
 Pim, William, 45, 206, 238, 240, 685. 
 Pinkerlon, Esq., John J., 325, 332. 
 Pinkerton, Elisha C, facing 673. 
 Pioneer Temperance Society, 402-3. 
 Pocopson twp., history of, 203; 179, 
 
 186, 190, 200, 222. 
 Politics, Revolutionary, 108-10. 
 Poll-tax (1692), 32. 
 Poor, William, 68. 
 Population of Chester Co., 434-5. 
 Porter, Wm., 50. 
 Post-offices, 227-9. 
 Potts, David, 211, 686-6. 
 Potts, Isaac, 90. 
 Potts, John T., 687. 
 Potts, Miu'or Jaqies, 687-8. 
 Potts, Thos. M., 323, 686-7. 
 Powell, David, 28. 
 Power, D.D,, Rev. James, 688. 
 Pratt family, 689. 
 
 Presbyterian churches, 175, 246-68. 
 Presidential electors, 384. 
 Preston family, 689-90. 
 Preston, Dr. Jonas, 690. 
 Price, Benj. (and Jane), 319, 699. 
 Price, Eli K., 245, 319, 696-9. 
 Price, Elisha, 60, 62, 118. 
 Price, Major Isaiah, 140-1, 322. 
 Price, Issacher, 319. 
 Price, Philip, 309, 690-6, 
 Price, Samuel, 61. 
 Prichard, Anthony, 60. 
 Printz, John (governor), arrives, 10; 
 
 builds Printz Hall, 11; sails for 
 
 Sweden, 11, 
 Prison, in Chester, 27, 30, 32, 36-8, 49, 
 
 116-18 ; at West Chester, 117, 411- 
 
 12. 
 Prizer, Benj., facing 674. 
 Progressive Friends, 242-3. 
 Proprietai-y Interests, etc., 144, 156. 
 Providence Meeting, 233. 
 Providence twp. , olBcera for (1684), 26 ; 
 
 taxables (Neither and Upper), 1693*, 
 
 33; items, 67, 203. 
 Provincial Convention (1776) ei- 
 
 (1776), 224. 
 PubUc-houses in Chester Co., 415-19. 
 Public librai-ies, 309-11. 
 Public office building, 119. 
 Pu^h,Evan, 319, 699. 
 Pugh (Ph.D., F.C.8.), Evan, 699-701. 
 Pngh, John, 699. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 sliii 
 
 Pugh, Br. J. H., 701. 
 
 iPugh, Esq., Joseph B., 701. 
 
 Pugh, Hugh, 39. 
 
 PilBsy, Caleb, 33, 36, 37-8, 171, 18i, 
 231, 233-6, 311, 701. 
 
 P.UBey,JohD, 701. 
 . Pusey, William, 701. 
 ; Pyle ftimlly, 701-2. 
 i Pyle, Caleb, 104. 
 i Pyle, Isaac, 104, 186, 243, 310. 
 
 I Pyle, Joseph, facing 672. 
 i Pyle, Robert, 702. 
 i Pyle, Nicholas, 702. 
 ' Pyle, Ralph, 702. 
 
 Pyle, Ziba, 131-33, 214-15, 359, 702. 
 
 Q. 
 
 , Quakers (see also Society of JViends), 
 * 39, 42, 4-1, 50, 52, 58-9, 97, 103. 
 
 Queen's highway, 38, 
 
 Queer preaentments at court : for 
 taking a wife contrary to law, 26 ; 
 for " taming" the Highway from 
 Providence to Chester, 27 ; for call- 
 ing justices a pack of Bogues, 32. 
 
 Qulnn, Dr. John H., 702-3. 
 
 Quit-renta, 12, 155. 
 
 E. 
 
 Radnor Meeting, 233. 
 Radnor township, survey, 28 j tax- 
 ables (1693), 33; division line, 41 ; 
 items, 67, 97, 203, 273.4. 
 
 Railroads, 359-62. 
 
 Ralston, Capt. Jas., 123. 
 
 Ralston, Hon. John, 703. 
 
 Ralston, Robert, 703-4. 
 
 Ralston, James G., 704. 
 
 Ramsey, James Reid, 704. 
 
 Ramsey, Charles, 704. 
 
 Rankin, John, facing 704. 
 
 Rates, 27; 162. 
 
 Bead, T. Buchanan (iwet), 71, 319, 
 706-8. 
 
 Bead, D.D., Eev. Thomas, 706. 
 
 Read, Thomas, 706. 
 
 Rees, John, 60. 
 
 Eeed, WilUam, 50. 
 
 Bees, Abel, 107, 268. 
 , Beeves, Samuel J., 708-9. 
 
 Reid, D.D., Rev. "Wm. S., 709. 
 
 Religious organizations, 229 (see also 
 Society of Friends, Fre€hyterian, JBap- 
 ii£tf mid Methodist churches, etc.). 
 
 Bentgen, 709. 
 ' Beptllia, 445-6. 
 
 ■ Bevel, Thomas, first clerk of Cheater 
 county, 16. 
 
 Bevolution, war of the, 59-116. 
 
 Reynolds family, 710. 
 
 Ehoads family, 710-11. 
 
 Bichards, Joseph, 711. 
 
 Bichardson, Isaac, 711. 
 
 Bichardson, Francis, 60. 
 
 Richardson, Jno., 45, 199, 233. 
 
 Richardson, Samuel, 219. 
 
 Richison, Richard, 50, 276 ; (Richard- 
 son), 219. 
 
 Rickabaugh, Dr. Jacob, 711-12. 
 
 Riding vehicles, 432. 
 
 Ridley .township, officers for (1684), 26 ; 
 taxables (1693), 34; items, 58, 1.62, 
 203. 
 
 Riley, Richard, 60-2, 711. 
 
 Bing, Nathaniel, 712. 
 
 Bingwalt, Jacob, 712. 
 
 Ringwalt, John L., 322, 713. 
 
 Roads— "return" of road in Thorn- 
 bury, 32 ; no convenient road to 
 Chester, 40; in 1777, 73; history of, 
 351..4; railroads, 369-62. 
 ' Roberts, Gen. Geo. W., 713. 
 
 Roberta, James 0., 714. 
 
 Roberts, John, 714-16. 
 
 Eoberte, Bay. James, 267. 
 
 Boberts, John, imprisonment of, 115. 
 
 Robinson, George, 46, 233. 
 
 Robinson, Joseph, 46. 
 
 Rogers, Joseph, 715. 
 
 Rokeby paper-mill, 176. 
 
 Rokeby rolling-mill, 348. 
 
 Roman Catholics, 6:i, 300-1. 
 
 RomauBville Meeting, 242. 
 
 Ross, Alexander, 716. 
 
 Ross, James, .202-3; 312,716-17. 
 
 Ross, John, 368; Dr. John, 716. 
 
 Roster of soldiers of war of the Kebel- 
 
 liou, (Appendix) i.-xxxvii. 
 Eothrock, M.D., Joseph T., 324. 
 Rowland, John, 68, 107. 
 Rowland, Joseph, 107. 
 Rue, Christopher, 107. 
 Euston, Job, 49, 60, 106, 199, 261. 
 
 717-18. 
 Rueton, Thomas, 312; Dr. Thomas, 
 
 718. 
 Butter, John, 241, 314; 324; 342. 
 Ryant, Charles, 718. 
 Rysingh, John, 11, 12. 
 
 Sachse, Julius F. A., 174. 
 Sadsbury Mtg., 239-240. 
 Sadsbury twp., 68, 134, 146; history 
 
 of, 203-5; 209,222. 
 Salkeld, John, 49, 171, 176, 217. 
 Sandelands, Jas., 47. 
 Sandelands, Jonas, 171. 
 Saner, Christopher, 504. 
 Savage, Samuel, 718-19. 
 Scarlet, Humphrey, 719. 
 Scarlet, Shadrach, 46. 
 Schools-and academies, 302-9. 
 Schuylkill ("Skoolkill") district, 41, 
 
 186. 
 Schuylkill Mtg., 242. 
 Schuylkill twp., 94, 108; history of, 
 
 205; 222. 
 Scotch-Irish race, the, 246-9. 
 Scott, Abraham, 720. 
 Scott, James, 60, 53, 720. 
 Scott, John, 193, 206, 720. 
 Scott, Philip, 68, 720. 
 Scott, Thomas, 720. 
 Seal, William, 719. 
 Seal of Chester county, the first, 26. 
 Sedition, John Custello convicted of, 
 
 51 ; penalty for, 51. 
 Seeds family, 719. 
 Seigfried, Simeon, 326, 330, 331. 
 Sellers, John, 60, 719-20. 
 Sellers, Samuel, 719. 
 Servants, loss of, by enlistment, 49 ; 
 head-land, 154; and redemptioners, 
 430-1. 
 Shafer, John, 720. 
 Shafer, Wm. T., 720-21. 
 Shaffer family, 721. 
 Shaffer, Thomas, 721-22. 
 Sharpies, John, arrival of (1682), 20; 
 
 34, 45, 243. 
 Sharpies, Philip P., 214, 724. 
 Sharpies, S.B., Stephen P., 321. 
 Sharpies, William, 213, 215. 
 Sbai-plesB family, 722^. 
 Sharpless, John, 722-4. 
 Sharpless, Isaac, 324. 
 Sharpless, Joseph, 45, 181, 313, 722. 
 Sharpless, Joshua, 163, 181, 212, 723 
 
 -4. 
 Sharpless, Nathan, 213, 723. 
 Sheeder, Frederick, 210, 292, 348-9, 
 
 724-5. 
 Sheeder, Joseph, 724. 
 Sherer, Wm., 725. 
 SheriiTs, 373-5. 
 Shippen, Esq., Joseph, 217. 
 Showalter, Valentine, 107, 
 Sidwell, Hugh, 726. 
 Silver plate in 1777, 432. 
 Simcock, John, 26, 29, 32, 36-7, 189, 
 207, 231, 373. 
 
 Simpson, James, 61. 
 
 Slavery — Indian slaves, 39 ; hi8toi7of, 
 
 423-31. 
 Sraedley, Caleb, 107, 206. 
 Smedley, George, 725-6. 
 Smedley, Dr. E, C, 86, 426. 
 Smith, Christopher, 56. 
 Smith, Daniel, 165. 
 Smith, John, 60, 726. 
 Smith, Jonathan, 727. 
 Smith,Gen. Geo. F., 727-8. 
 Smith, Joseph, 50, 170, 199, 427, 727; 
 
 Rev. Joseph, 728. 
 Smith, Hon. P. Frazer, 326, 369, 727. 
 Smith, Robert, 66, 68; Col., 109, 113 ; 
 199, 263, 433, 726-7; Rev. Robert, 
 (D.D.), 728. 
 Smith, M.D., Thos. L., 314. 
 Society of Friends, members of, settle 
 at Upland, 16; laws disqualifying, 
 39, 42 ; action in regard to the afQr- 
 matjon act, etc., 42 ; change of style 
 in reckoning time, 50-1 ; petition to 
 King George II., 44r-5 ; .during the 
 French and Indian war, 51-3 ; action 
 (1768-63), 68 ; in the Revolution, 61, 
 74, 97, 103, 106, 109, 110-12; history 
 and records of, 229-45 ; schools, 302 
 -3 ; Friends' Asylum, 403 ; on in- 
 temperance and taverns, 416. 
 Soldiers from Chester Co , in French 
 and Indian war, 51-2 ; in Revolu- 
 tion, 65-116 ; Whisky IiiSurrection, 
 1*1-3; War of 1812,123-30; Mexican 
 war, 133-4 ; War of the Rebellion, 
 134. 
 Soldiers' Orphans' School, 307. 
 South Coventry twp., 172. 
 South River, privileges granted, 13. 
 Spackman, Isaac, 728-9. 
 Speakman, Thos., 729. 
 Spring City, histoiy of, 206, 210 ; 290, 
 
 392-3. 
 Springfield Mtg., 233. 
 Springfield township, taxables (1693), 
 
 34 ; items, 58, 205. 
 St. Vincent twp,, 61. 
 St. David's (Epis.) church, Radnor, 
 
 273-4. 
 Stamp Act, the, 59, 60. 
 Stanton Mtg., 241. 
 Starr family, 729. 
 Starr, Jeremiah, 46-6, 193, 729. 
 Starr, John, 46, 48, 729. 
 State Normal School, 307. 
 Staufi'er, Frank H., 322, 729-30. 
 Steel, James, 40, 149, 163-4, 194, 211, 
 
 344-6. 
 Steele family, 730. 
 Steele, Gen. James, 730. 
 Sterne, Cyms, 322. 
 Stocks, 36-8. 
 
 Strawbridge, Thomas, 731. 
 Strickland, Nimrod, 134, 304, 326, 369, 
 
 730. 
 Strode, George, 731. 
 Strode, Joseph C, 304-6, 731. 
 Strode, Richard, 106, 731. 
 Stubbs, Joseph I., 731. 
 Suffering* of Friends, 243-5. 
 Suplee, C. E., facing 730. 
 Surveys (see F7-oprietary Interests and 
 
 Land Titles). 
 Swayne family, 731-4. 
 Swayne, Lieut. Joel J., 732. 
 Swayne, Judge Noah H., 733. 
 Swayne, Gen. J. Wager, 733. 
 Swede's mill on Cobb's creek, 13. 
 Swedes, on the Delaware, 10; names 
 of colonists (1638-43), 11; names of 
 inhabitants (1693), 34r-6; membera 
 of Gloria Dei church, 36 ; purchase 
 of the Indians, 144 ; items, 166, 362-3. 
 Swedish surnames, 35. 
 Swedish West India Company, 10. 
 Sweeney, John R., 323. 
 Swing, Dr. E. v., 734-6. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tacony, tydables of, 16. 
 Talbot, John, 61, 736. 
 Talbot, Joseph, 60. 
 
 Taverns, number to be ascertained, 
 (1671), 12; in Vincent, 210; in West 
 Cliester, 212-14; in the county, his- 
 tory of, 416-29. 
 Taxables (see lAst of Taxables), num- 
 ber of (1750, 1753), 60; 162-219; 
 tabulated list of (1730-80), 430. 
 Taxes (see also Levies, Assessments, 
 
 etc.), 16, 27, 33-6, 40-1, 69, 98. 
 Taylor, AJbiah, 163-6, 244-5, 343, 737-8. 
 Taylor, Bayard, 133, 184, 317, 328, 332, 
 
 733-7. 
 Taylor, Col. 'Charles F., 137, 735. 
 Taylor, George, 60, 735. 
 Taylor, Isaac, 40-1, 49, 68, 109-10, 114, 
 116, 148-9, 151-2, 160, 179, 184, 193 
 -4, 200, 206, 216, 346-6, 353, 736, 738. 
 Taylor, John, 43, 46, 49, 61, 163-4, 157, 
 174, 206, 211, 239, 336, 346-7, 363, 
 376-7, 735, 738-9. 
 Taylor, Joseph, 163, 184, 200, 203, 234, 
 
 343, 736, 738. 
 Taylor, Mordecai, 68. 
 Taylor, Robert, 26, 67, 736. 
 Taylor, Thomas, 36, 61, 107, 121, 188, 
 
 738-9. 
 Temple', Thos., 53, 739. 
 Tamplej Wm., 739. 
 Tenure of lands, 1671, 12 (see also 
 
 Land TUles), ' 
 Thomas,Oapt. David, 62, 68. 
 Thomas, David, 272. 
 Thomas family, 739-43. 
 Tliomas, George, 68, 116, 219, 239. 
 Thomas (Governor), 49. 
 Thomas, Isaac, 58, 107 ; Dr. Isaac, 393, 
 
 739-40. 
 Thomas, Capt. John, 52. 
 Thomas, Joseph, 103, 107, 739. 
 Thomas, Morris, 60. 
 Thomas, Peter, 739. 
 Thomas, Col. Richard, 61-2, 64-6, 218, 
 
 740. 
 Thomas, Thos., 43, 272. 
 Thompson, James, 68, 242. 
 Thornbury township, 28, 32 ; taxables 
 (i693),34,36; items,68,152; iuEev- 
 ol'n, 70, 107; division' of, 120; his- 
 tory of, 206 ; 222. 
 Thropp, Isaiah, 743-4. 
 Tinicum island, title to, 25. 
 Todd,»rno., facing 744. 
 Tories, 103-4, 108-10, 114-16. 
 Tornadoes in Chester Co., 458-60. 
 Toughkenamon, origin of name, 188. 
 Towers, Michael, 745. 
 Towusend, David, 134, 746-7. 
 Townsend, John, 74, 309, 746. 
 Towusend, Joseph, 46, 74-9, 164, 212- 
 
 13, 746-8. 
 Townsend, Richard (minister), 21, 343, 
 
 746. 
 Townsend, Washington, 92, 304, 747. 
 Townships and villages, hist, of, 162, 
 Traveling passes, 115-16. 
 Travilla fapiily, 744. 
 Traviila, Thos., 106, 744. 
 Tredyffrin township, survey, 28 ; items, 
 68, 84, 98, 104, 107, 153; history of, 
 206; 222. 
 Trego, Emmor, 213, 215. 
 Trego family, 748. 
 Trial of Gen. Wayne, 89, 90. 
 Trials for murder, 39, 45, 406-11. 
 Trimble, Esther J., 324,749. 
 Trimble family, 748-50. 
 Trimble, M.D., Isaac P., 318,748. 
 Trimble, James, 106, 197, 748-9. 
 Trimble, Samuel, 61,748. 
 "Turpehockin" twp., 206-7. 
 " Tydable" persons in the Colony, list 
 1 of (1677), 16. 
 
xliv 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 U. 
 
 Underground Bailroad, history of, 
 
 426-30. 
 Underwood, Alexander, 45. 
 Underwood, John, 107, 213. 
 Unionville Mtg., 242. 
 Upland, Swedes to be gathered at, 12 ; 
 
 court at, 13 ; records, 14 ; expenses 
 
 and poll-tax, 16; tydables of, 16; 
 
 first court, 17 ; la£t court at, 20-1 ; 
 
 name. changed to Chester, 21. 
 Upper Darby twp., 66. 
 Upper Octorara Presbyterian church, 
 
 250-1. 
 Upper Oxford twp., 65. 
 Upper Providence twp., 57. 
 Upper Uwchlan twp., history of, 207- 
 
 9; 222. 
 Urner family, 760. 
 Uwchlan Mo. Mtg., 202, 236-7, 241, 
 
 413. 
 Uwchlan twp., 58, 105, 119 ; history of, 
 
 207-9. 
 
 Valentine, Tbos., 750-1. 
 Valley Forge, 87, 94, 95-102, 348. 
 Valley Mtg., 237. 
 Valley twp., history of, 209 ; 222. 
 Van Amringe, Henry H., 316. 
 Vanculin, John, 34. 
 Vanderslice, John, 322, 751-2. 
 Van Leer, Dr. Bernhardus, 752. 
 Van Leer, Dr. Branson, 61, 108, 752. 
 Van Leer, Isaac W,, 752-3. 
 Varman, Hattill, 45, 239. 
 Vaughan, John, 60, 55, 68, 207, 417. 
 Vaughan, Dr. John, 754. 
 Vaughan, Rev. Josbua, 753-4. 
 Vernon, Frederick, 755. 
 Vernon, Jacob, 45, 165, 205. 
 Vernon, Job, 764-5. 
 Vernon, Jr., Jonathan, 61, 754. 
 Vernon, Nath'l, 103, 754. 
 Vernon, Eandall, 231-3, 656. 
 Vernon, Eobert, 33, 36, 755. 
 Vernon, Thomas, 45, 168, 23], 754. 
 Vestal, William, 35. 
 Vickers, John, 426-9, 765. 
 Vickers, Thomaa, 75.5. 
 Vincent twp., 52, 58, 209-10 (see also 
 East and West Vmceni). 
 
 w. 
 
 Waddel (D.D.), Rev. Jaa., 756-6. 
 Wade, Robert, 26-7, 30, 33, 36. 
 Wagoner, Jno. W., facing 762. 
 
 Wagons, furnished Gen. Forbes' ex- 
 pedition, 54^8. 
 Wainwright, Col. John, 140. 
 Wallace twp., history of, 210-11 ; 186, 
 
 192, 212, 222. 
 Walter, Thos. U., 119. 
 Walton, David, 767. 
 Walton family, 757-9. 
 Walton, Joseph P., 767-8. 
 Wanger family, 766. 
 War, declared against Spain, 49 ; de- 
 clared by England against France, 
 49; the French and Indian, 51-3; 
 Gen. Forbes' expedition, 54-8; of 
 the Revolution, 69-116; Whisky 
 Insurrection, 121-3 ; War of 1812- 
 14, 123-30; Mexican War, 133^; 
 War of the Rebellion, 134-44. 
 Warren, Benj., 45. 
 Warwick Furnace, 49, 60, 87, 211. 
 Warwick twp., history of, 211-12; 222. 
 Washington, Gen. George, 65-76, 79- 
 83, 87, 89-90, 94-102, 112 ; president, 
 121. 
 Washington's headquarters at Bran- 
 
 dywine, 72. 
 Way family, 756-7. 
 Wayne, Anthony, 60-3, 81-6, 88-91, 
 95-6, 98, 100, 107, 173, 272, 433, 563, 
 768-9. 
 Wayne, Capt. Isaac, 51, 66, 87, 90-1, 
 
 124, 130, 132, 173. 
 Wayne, Capt. Wm., 91-2. 
 Waynesburg, 178-9. • 
 
 Weatherby, Benj., 60, 125-6, 174. 
 Weatherby, Whitehead, 107. 
 Weaver, Anthony, 769-60. 
 Webb, Isaac, 67, 213-14. 
 Webb, Richard, 760. 
 Webb, Wm., 46. 
 Webster, Wm., 45. 
 Weights and measures (1684-5), 27' 
 
 (1741), 49. 
 " Welcome," passengers on the, 21. 
 Welsh line, 41. 
 Welsh purchases, 37, 206. 
 Welsh settlers, 28-30, 206. 
 Welsh surnames, 208; " Great Valley," 
 
 and " Great Hill," 219. 
 "Welsh Tract," 28, 147, 151-2, 217, 
 
 270-1. 
 Wersler, Major John G., 760-1. 
 West family, 761-2. 
 West, Benj. (painter), 206, 761-2. 
 West Bradford twp., 56, 70, 106, 145, 
 
 162 ; history of, 163-7 ; 222. 
 West Brandywine twp., history of, 
 
 167, 186, 209, 222. 
 West Cain Mtg., 240. 
 
 i West Cain twp., 66, 108; history of, 
 I 167-9, 204, 209, 222. 
 
 West Chester, 73-4, 99^ 117-20, 134; 
 history of, 212-16; 222; Presby. 
 church, 266; Bapt. churches, 266-7, 
 270 ; Epis. ch., 278 ; Meth. ch., 282 ; 
 R. 0. church, 300-1 ; academy, 304. 
 
 West Chester Mtg., 241. 
 
 WestFallowfieldtwp.,66,146; history 
 of, 176-7; 199,222. 
 
 West Goshen twp., 145, 177-8. 
 
 West Grove Mtg., 241. 
 
 West Marlborough twp., 57, 106 ; his- 
 tory of, 184r-5; 178, 182, 222. 
 
 West Nantmeal twp., 60, 67, 186-7, 
 210-12, 222. 
 
 West Nottingham Mtg., 238. 
 
 West Nottinghani twp,, 57. 
 
 West Fikeland twp., 200-3. 
 
 West Vincent twp., history of, 209-10 ; 
 222. 
 
 West Whiteland twp., 107, 116, 208, 
 222. 
 
 Western Quarterly Mtg., 240. 
 
 Westtown township, 28, 36, 58, 107, 
 162 ; .history of, 216-17 ; 222. 
 
 Wheleii, Dennis, 207-8, 210, 762. 
 
 Wherry, David, 61, 68. 
 
 Whigs and Tories, 108. 
 
 Whipping-post, 27, 36-8. 
 
 Whisky Insurrection, 121-3, 
 
 White, Rev. Robert, 762. 
 
 White, Thos. (dep,-surveyorJ*, 47, ■ 
 
 Whitehead, M.D,, Rev, Wm, M,, 141. 
 
 Whitehead, William, 318, 332. 
 
 Whiteland Mtg., 242, 
 
 Whilelandtownship, 28, 58, 107; his- 
 tory of, 217-19 (see also East and 
 West Whilelmd). 
 
 Whiteside, Capt, Wm,, 106, 110, 114, 
 
 Wicke'raham family, 763. 
 
 Wickersham, LL.D,, Jaa. P., 319, 763, 
 
 Wilkinson family, VftJ'-4. 
 
 William Penn (see Penn, William), 
 
 Williams family, 7C4r-5, 
 
 Williams, David, 107. 
 
 Williams, Joseph, 45, 205, 
 
 Williams, Rev, Joshua, 764-6. 
 
 Williamson, Daniel, 765. 
 
 Williamson, Edward H., 320. 
 
 Williamson, A.M., Hugh, 765-7, 
 
 Williamson, M,D,, Hugh, 313, 
 
 Williamson, John, 46, 50. 
 
 Willistown Mtg,, 241, 
 
 Willistown township, 28, 58, 87, 107 ; 
 history of, 219-21 ; 222. 
 
 Wills family, 767, 
 
 Wilmington Mtg,, 240, 
 
 Wilson, Rev. Bird, 768. 
 
 Wilson, Christopher, 45. 
 
 Wilson, John, 68, 107, 118. 
 
 Wilson, Joseph, 50. 
 
 Wilson, Rev. Matthew, 767-8. 
 
 Wilson, R. F. and J. D,, 768-9. 
 
 Wilson, Robert, 769-70, 
 
 Wilson, William, 68, 
 
 Windle, Francis, 45, 770-1, 
 
 Wiudle,Dr. Lewis, 771, 
 
 Wistar, Caspar, 770. 
 
 Witchcraft, 412-14, 
 
 Wither, Thomas (sheriff), 26, 33, 374, 
 
 382. 
 Withers, Ralph, 25. 
 Wolf bounties, 35. 
 Wollaston, Jeremiah, 45. 
 Wollerton, Chas., 770. 
 Wood, Dr. James Bayard, 771-2. 
 Wood, Thomas, 771. 
 Woodmanson, Wm., 25. 
 Woodside, Archibald, 772-3, 
 Woodward, O, L,, facing 763, 
 Woodward, M.D,, Lewis, 321. 
 Woodward, Thos., 316. 
 Workizer family, 773. 
 Worley, Nathan, 49. 
 Worrell family, 773-4. 
 Worth family, 774-7. 
 ' Worth, Tho,, 25-6. 
 Worthington family, 777-8. 
 Worthington, Dr. John, 778. 
 Worthington, Lewis, 778. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yarnall, Amos, 46, 58, 240, 421, 779. 
 
 Yarnall, David, 240. 
 
 Yarnall, Francis, 778-9. 
 
 Yarnall, Isaac, 107. 
 
 Yarnall, Mordeoal, 45, 220, 421, 779. 
 
 Yarnall, Thomas, 45, 205, 779. 
 
 Yearsley, John, 780. 
 
 Yeates, Jasper, 35-8, 385. 
 
 Yellow fever (1699), 36. 
 
 Yellow Springs (see Cheeter Spri^igs). 
 
 Yeoman, Edward, 219. 
 
 Young, Archibald, 50. 
 
 Young, David, 780. 
 
 Young, M.D., J, Gilbert, 320, 
 
 Young, John, 781. 
 
 Young, John Russell, 324, 781. 
 
 z. 
 
 Zook family, 781-2. 
 Zook, Christian, 107, 219, 782. 
 Zook, Jacob M., 219, 782. 
 Zook, John, 219, 781-2. 
 Zoalogy of Chester Co., 439-53, 
 
 ERKATUM. 
 
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