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 American Greek Testaments. A critical bi 
 
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Η ΚΑΙΝΗ 
 
 ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. 
 
 NOVUM 
 
 TESTAMENTUM. 
 
 JUXTA EXEMPLAR JOANNIS MILLII AC- 
 CURATISS1ME IMPRESSUM, 
 
 ED1T10 PRIMA AMERICANA, 
 
 WIGORNtffi, Masjachusettewsi 8 
 
 Excudebat ISAIAS THOMAS, Jun. 
 SweoiATiM ει hums rose so vEMDtrA omsiM »U<8, 
 ArKiii— 1S00- 
 
 The First Greek Testament Printed in America. Facsimile of Title. 
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 The First Greek Testament Printed in America. Facsimile of text, page 448, 
 Jude 17 to Rev. 1 : 5, showing most of the varieties of type employed, and the 
 misprint in Jude 25. Full size. 
 
AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS 
 
 CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 GREEK NEW TESTAMENT 
 
 PUBLISHED IN AMERICA 
 
 BY 
 
 ISAAC Η HALL AM LL Β PhD 
 
 WITH TWO FACSIMILE ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 PICKWICK AND COMPANY 
 
 1883 
 

 /^cornell\ 
 
 ι university'! 
 
 ^ LIBRARY^ 1 
 
 Copyright, 1883, by ISAAC H. HALL, 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 
 
 Westcott & Thomson, 
 Stereotypers and Electrotypers, Philada. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The present work, as the reader will perceive, is but one 
 branch, and an indirect outcome, of long research in a more 
 comprehensive field of study. But, that branch once taken 
 up, it has been explored with all possible thoroughness ; and 
 wherever the present investigation has found its limit, an at- 
 tempt is made to indicate the twigs upon which fruit may still 
 be hanging out of reach. 
 
 Bibliographic work, according to all experience, is never 
 perfect. Diligence along the lines of regular information and 
 of systematic search is ever supplemented by the knowledge 
 that comes only by chance. The antiquarian bookstore, the 
 street stall, or the rag-dealer's stock, will now and then reveal 
 a series of facts to which the librarians, the publishers, or the 
 bibliophiles, could give no clue. Fortune is said proverbially 
 to favor the collector and the bibliographer; but the latter 
 knows that she distributes her favors, and bestows all upon 
 none. He must, be content with doing his best ; and, after 
 exhausting the obvious sources of information, and following 
 up the obscurer clues, he must be willing to put his results 
 into permanent form without waiting too long for mere wind- 
 falls. 
 
 The original groundwork of the following pages is a paper 
 on The Greek New Testament as Published in America, 
 presented to the American Philological Association at its 
 meeting in Cambridge in 1882, and published in their trans- 
 actions for that year. The wide distribution of that essay 
 opened many new sources of information hitherto inaccess- 
 ible or undiscovered, furnishing data for the addition of many 
 items, besides a few corrections. It brought the author into 
 communication with persons whom he had supposed to be no 
 longer living, and thus rescued not a few facts from irrecover- 
 able uncertainty or speedy oblivion. The quantity of infor- 
 mation thus gained — adding well nigh a hundred to the num- 
 
 3 
 
4 PREFACE. 
 
 ber of books enumerated, and putting a different aspect upon 
 sundry historical matters — together with the flattering recep- 
 tion which that paper met with on both sides of the Atlantic, 
 seemed to make the way clear for a more complete presenta- 
 tion of the subject. 
 
 In the former publication, the author depended almost en- 
 tirely upon his personal inspection of books, and his single- 
 handed research ; and these are still the basis of by far the 
 greater portion of the following statements. But in complet- 
 ing the present work, he has many to thank for information 
 kindly communicated, often at the expense of no little trouble 
 and research. Help has been furnished unsparingly, and even 
 with enthusiasm. To mention all to whom the author is in- 
 debted, either for positive additions of fact, or for aid in sifting 
 contradictory testimony and ascertaining the truth about mat- 
 ters heretofore in dispute or doubt, is out of the question here; 
 but the author's thanks to each are none the less sincere and 
 particular. The publishers, the librarians, and the scholars, 
 have responded with cheerful readiness to requests which 
 sometimes even bordered on the unreasonable. It would be 
 unjust, however, to omit special mention of the unusual kind- 
 ness and efficiency of Dr. Ezra Abbot, of Cambridge, and Dr. 
 Benjamin B. Warfield, of Allegheny, the former for supplying 
 difficult and elusive items of divers sorts, and the latter in 
 pointing out more than a score of issues of the Greek New 
 Testament that were omitted in the former publication. To 
 a few librarians letters of inquiry have been posted, from 
 whom no reply has come. But more than two of these pages 
 would be occupied with a list of those whose kind responses 
 to the writer's inquiries have been more free, more full, and 
 more painstaking, than he had dared to ask. 
 
 Personal verification, however, where possible, has never 
 been neglected, whatever may have been the source or the 
 means of new information ; and no pains have been spared to 
 secure accuracy. If any slip or omission is discovered, the 
 author will be grateful to any one who shall make it known 
 to him. 
 
 Philadelphia, October, 1883. 
 
THE 
 
 GREEK NEW TESTAMENT 
 
 AS 
 
 PUBLISHED IN AMERICA. 
 
 I. PRELIMINARY. 
 
 Aside from the bibliophile's passion or the collector's 
 mania, there are sundry sound reasons for an inquiry into the 
 history and character of the Greek New Testament as pub- 
 lished in America. Most of these reasons are those developed 
 by the inquiry itself, and centre themselves in the varieties of 
 text thus disclosed ; varieties existing not only in the critical 
 editions, but in the adored textus receptus itself — before the 
 critical editions had much circulation, or, as to most of them, 
 an existence. The critic, no less than the bibliographer, has 
 an interest in the investigation. 
 
 Secondary, but still a fact and noteworthy, is the revelation 
 thus made of the industry and enthusiasm of the earlier Amer- 
 ican editors ; who, to a greater extent than is commonly sus- 
 pected, exercised an independent judgment and skill. Al- 
 though their pioneer work would not fill the wants of to-day, 
 it has been rather too meanly judged by their successors, and 
 deserves at least an honorable record. 
 
 The ground, moreover, is almost unbroken. In O'Calla- 
 ghan's American Bibles, 1 only sixteen editions of the Greek 
 Testament are described or enumerated; a mere fraction of 
 the number then existing ; not to mention those issued in the 
 twenty-three years that have since elapsed — nearly all of them 
 prolific, except the four years of war. 
 
 1 A List of Editions of the Holy Scriptures and Parts thereof, printed in Amer- 
 ica previous to i860. By Ε. B. O'Callaghan. Albany, 1861. 
 
 δ 
 
6 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 In the last two centuries, though theological books abound- 
 ed, it was an almost unheard of thing to see a quotation from 
 the Greek Testament — at least, in Greek type — in an Ameri- 
 can book. Nor were the English citations always made from 
 our Common Version. The lawyers were apt to follow Coke's 
 example, or to cite at second hand from him and others, who 
 quoted the Vulgate Latin and supplied an original rendering 
 therefrom. The clergymen had not altogether ceased to use 
 or to quote the Genevan Bible, the version which came over 
 to New England with the early settlers, and which still is often 
 to be seen preserved for its associations and its ancient family 
 record. 1 To this day certain theological books are printed in 
 this country with their Scripture citations from an English 
 version earlier than our Common one. An every-day exam- 
 ple of this is the edition of Luther's Commentary on Galatians 
 commonly circulated among the Presbyterians. This trans- 
 lation (it is a revision as well) antedates our Common Version, 
 and still keeps its Scripture citations unchanged. 
 
 Of course the Greek Testament was in the land, in numbers 
 abundant for the times. I have no data, even approximate, 
 to form a judgment as to the particular editions which were 
 most common ; but in the theological libraries and in private 
 collections I have seen evidence of their great variety. 2 For 
 many years, too, I have known it as a fact that the rarer and 
 more highly prized editions used to be regularly sought by 
 certain second-hand dealers for exportation to Europe; where, 
 until recently, such old treasures readily brought a higher 
 price than here. To judge from such facts as are apparent, 
 the earlier immigrants chiefly brought editions produced in 
 
 1 Most of these immigrant copies were printed just at the close of the sixteenth 
 century, and contain as their New Testament portion that " Englished by L. Tom- 
 son," from the Latin of Theodore Beza. 
 
 2 Of the 114 editions known to have been printed in the 16th century, I know 
 of at least 60 in America (39 in my own library). About the same number were 
 printed in the 17th century, and of these I know where to find more than 70 in 
 America (39 in my own library). The proportions are much larger for the 18th 
 and 19th centuries. I have made no special search for ancient editions possessed 
 in this country; but I know that nearly, if not quite, all the important historical 
 editions are to be found here; most of them more frequently than would be ex- 
 pected. 
 
PRELIMINARY. 7 
 
 Antwerp, Leyden, Geneva, and Lyons, with a sprinkling from 
 presses along the Rhine, and some of Paris make ; but just 
 before and after the American Revolution, more copies came 
 from England and Scotland. However, but few editions were 
 produced in England before the settlement of Massachusetts. 
 I can find traces of but two 1 printed before 1620. 
 
 1 These were Vautroller's (H. Stephens's text), London, 1587, i6mo; and an- 
 other of the same text, e Regia Typographia, London, 1592, l6mo. The London 
 Beza of 1565, mentioned by Scrivener (Plain Introd. to Ν. T, Crit., ed. 1874, 
 p. 390, note ι ; also, his N. T. Gr., ed. 1873, P• viii.) is doubtless a mistake, 
 which is only made worse by its reiteration with fresh errors, in the 3d ed. of his 
 Plain Introd. (1883), p. 440, note 2. The readings which Scrivener gives in the 
 earlier edd. of his Ν. T. Gr. as those of " Beza; 1565 " are not those of a genuine 
 Beza. A like remark applies to his " Result of a Collation in the Apocalypse of 
 Beza 1565 with St. and Elz." in his Plain Introduction, ed. of 1861, p. 311. He 
 must have used a book which presented very nearly the text of Henry Stephens. 
 
II. THE MILL EDITIONS. 
 
 The earliest Greek book 1 printed in America, so far as I can 
 discover, is the Enchiridion of Epictetus (" ex editione Joan- 
 nis Upton accurate expressum "), with a Latin translation, 
 published at Philadelphia by Mathew Carey in 1792 (some 
 copies are dated 1793). The type is quite small, and is appa- 
 rently the same as that used thirty years later, with much less 
 skill, in Kneeland's Greek Testament — to be described far- 
 ther on. 
 
 But the first Greek Testament printed in America, as all 
 acquainted with the general subject know, was published at 
 Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1800, by the famous printer 
 Isaiah Thomas (b. 1749, d. 1831). The book is now rather 
 uncommon, though easy enough to be had a few years ago. 2 
 
 1 In Isaiah Thomas's History of Printing, vol. I., pp. 251, 252, 1 find the follow- 
 ing: "About the year 1718, when mr. Thomas Hollis, of London, a great bene- 
 factor to the college, among other gifts presented to the University a fount, or cast, 
 of Hebrew, and another of Greek types, both of them were of the size of long 
 primer. The Greek was not used till 1 76 1, when the government of the college 
 had a work printed, entitled, Pietas et Gratulatio Collegii Cantabrigiensis apud 
 Novanglos, dedicated to King George the third, on his accession to the throne ; 
 two of these poetical essays being written in Greek, called these types into use. 
 They were never used but at that time, and were, in January, 1 764, destroyed by 
 the fire that consumed Harvard hall, one of the college buildings in which the 
 types and college library were deposited ; the cast of Hebrew escaped, having 
 been sent to Boston some time before, to print Sewall's Hebrew Grammar." The 
 Pietas et Gratulatio was a magnificent 4to of 116 pages, consisting of thirty-one 
 pieces (prize compositions, etc.) of various character, of which No. 15 was an 
 ΈΑΕΓΕΓΟΝ, and No. 16 an ΏιΔΗ', both by Stephen Sewall; and No. 18 an 
 ΈΠΙΤΑ'ΦΙΟΝ, by Governor Bernard. It was published under a vote of the 
 Corporation, of Jan. 5, 1762, at Boston, by J. Green and J. Russell, and dated 
 1 76 1. For full information respecting the work and a description of extant 
 copies, see Justin Winsor's account in Bulletin of the Library of Harvard Uni- 
 versity, March, 1879; also a reprint of the same in Bibliographical Contributions 
 No. 4, 1879. 
 
 2 This edition appears to have been in very extensive use among the young stu- 
 
 8 
 
THE MILL EDITIONS. 9 
 
 It bears many slight resemblances to the various English edi- 
 tions of William Bowyer — a series of at least twelve editions, 
 varying slightly one from another, which appeared in London 
 at various times from 17 1 5 to 1 8 12. Of these Bowyer editions, 
 that of 1794 (an edition not noticed by the bibliographers, but 
 apparently the last of the series to appear before Thomas pub- 
 lished) seems to have furnished Thomas with his title-pattern. 
 At least, its title is exactly reproduced, line for line, word for 
 word, and style for style of type, in the Thomas edition, ex- 
 cept only as to date and names and place of publisher. 
 Thomas's titlepage reads as follows: "ξ καινή | ΛΙΑΘΗΚΗ. 
 ] NOVUM I TESTAMENTUM. | Juxta Exemplar Joannis 
 Millii Ac- I curatissime Impressum. | [Ornament — a cadu- 
 ceus with cornucopias at the sides.] | EDITIO PRIMA AMERI- 
 CANA. I WigornIjE Massachusettensi : I Excudebat ISAIAS 
 THOMAS, JUN. I Singulatim et numerose eo vendita 
 officin^e sile, | April — 1800." The book is a i2mo, pp. 
 478. Its titlepage and a specimen page of the text (Jude 17- 
 Rev. 1 : 5) are given in facsimile in the two illustrations of the 
 double frontispiece. 
 
 At the end of some copies is bound in a leaf of advertise- 
 ments dated December 25, 1802; but the copies are all one 
 impression ; for stereotyping was then unknown in America, 
 and no reason could exist for dating back the issue. The text 
 is, of course, divided into verse-paragraphs. As to accessory 
 matter, it has only one page, containing "A Chronological 
 Table of the Books of the New Testament," with a statement 
 at its end that it has " been, carefully and faithfully, collected 
 from the writings of the famous Rev. Nathaniel Lardner, 
 D.D." (The name Nathanael is here misspelled.) This table 
 is signed " Caleb Alexander;" but no other external profes- 
 sions of editorship appear. A somewhat similar table, con- 
 dents and the literary men. I have talked with a number of people who in their 
 boyhood knew no other edition. Chancellor Kent's copy, which is in my posses- 
 sion, has his autograph and the date 1807 written on the titlepage, and on a fly- 
 leaf a reference to the "M. Anthology" for January, 1808, for "an account of 
 GriesbacKs Edit, of the New Testament, and the History of the common Elzevir 
 Text." This copy never was perfect, pp. 73-84 (1 sheet) and pp. 449-452 (2 
 leaves) having been omitted in the binding. 
 
ΙΟ AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 densed and altered from Mill and J. A. Fabricius, occupies a 
 like place in the Bowyer of 1794, and seems to have given 
 more than one hint for the construction of Alexander's fable ; 
 though the two differ slightly in length and in dates. The 
 subscriptions to the Epistles copy those of Bowyer (or Mill 
 at second hand) exactly, even to giving the numbers of the 
 στίχοι in the various books (see the authorities therefor in 
 Kuster's Mill), and that partly in Greek numerals and partly 
 in Greek words, just exactly as Mill and Bowyer gave them — 
 with only one difference. That difference is, that these num- 
 bers are wanting in the subscriptions to 2 Corinthians, Gala- 
 tians, I Thessalonians, and Titus ; evidently because in each 
 of these cases one of the Greek numerals was the koppa or 
 sampi; 1 characters for which Thomas probably had no type, 
 nor an editor bold enough to spell out the numbers in words. 
 
 However, this edition does not appear to be a slavish re- 
 print of any former work. On the titlepage, to be sure, it 
 professes to be an accurate reprint of Mill ; but so do many 
 other editions that exhibit intentional alterations. The same 
 is true of the great majority of the very numerous English 
 editions which have made that profession — ever since the 
 original Mill appeared. I have devoted no little time to 
 searching for some edition of which this one of Thomas 
 might be an exact reprint; but thus. far I only find that 
 while some of the Bowyer editions show some of the same 
 alterations of Mill, no one of them agrees nearly enough 
 to pass for the exact pattern. I must therefore believe 
 that the editor exercised his own judgment, and derived 
 his changes in the text from some edition of the Elzevir 
 family. ' 
 
 In order to show this, it must be remembered that three 
 leading editions were the main sources of the text of the 
 ordinary editions of that time. These were Robert Ste- 
 phens's of 1550, Beza's of 1565, and the Elzevir of 1678 2 
 
 'In several of the Bowyer editions, including that of 1794, these characters 
 are replaced by Hebrew letters. 
 
 2 The Elzevir editions of 1656, 1662, 1670, and 1678 are considerably smaller, 
 if not neater, than the preceding editions of 1624, 1633, and 1641, though less 
 sought by collectors. They all correct the omission (in the editions of 1624, 
 
THE MILL EDITIONS. II 
 
 (not of 1624 or 1633, though these are commonly regarded 
 as standards of comparison). Mill's edition (Oxford, 1707, 
 fol., and Kiister's Mill with additions, Amsterdam and Rot- 
 terdam, 1710, Leipzig, 1723, 1746) keeps generally the text 
 of Stephanus, departing from it in only a few places of mo- 
 ment; such as Matt. 24 : 15, reading εστώς for ίστός; ι Pet. 
 3:11, adding αγαθόν ζητησάτω ; ι Pet. 3 : 2 1 , ω xai ή μας for 
 δ xai ή μας; and Rev. 2:5, ταχύ for τάχει. The Kuster edi- 
 tion, indeed, returns to the Stephanie text in the first and last 
 of these places. Thus the Mill text might be classified as a 
 Stephanie text ; and such would be its classification here, did 
 not a series of facts occur which compel a little different 
 treatment. 
 
 But Thomas, while keeping the departures of Mill from 
 Stephanus, adds a number of other departures ; such as the 
 following: Matt. 23 : 13, 14, reversing the order of the two 
 verses; Mark 8 : 24, omitting ore and ορώ; Luke 1 : 35, add- 
 ing ex σου ; Luke 15 : 26, omitting αΰτοϋ; John 18 : 20, read- 
 ing πάντοθεν ol for πάντοτε οϊ ; Acts 7 : 44, inserting iv before 
 zfj ίρήμω; Acts 9 : 35, Σάρωνα for Σάρωναν; Acts 17 : 25, 
 xai τα πάντα for χατά πάντα; Acts 21 : 3, άναφανέντες for 
 άναψ άναντες ; Acts 21 : 8,ήλθομεν \sic~] for ηλθον; Acts 24: 
 13, omitting με; Rom. 7 : 6, αποθανόντος for αποθανόντες ; 
 Rom. 8:11, δια τόϋ .ένοιχοϋντος . . . πνεύματος [sic] for δια 
 το ίνοιχοΰν . . . πνεύμα; Rom. 12 : 1 1, Κυρίψ for χαιρψ ; ι 
 Cor. 15 : 3 1 * δμετέραν for ήμετέραν; 2 Cor. 7 : Ι2 . ημών τ Ψ 
 δπερ δμών for δμών τψ δπερ ημών ; ι Tim. ι : 4, οίχοδομίαν 
 for οίχονομίαν; Rev. S : ΙΙ . adding xai Jjv 6 αριθμός αυτών 
 μυριάδες μυριάδων; Rev. II : ι, adding xai ο άγγελος εϊστήχει; 
 Rev. 11:2, έξωθεν for εαωθεν. These specimens show 
 nothing but editorial judgment, together with a Beza or a 
 late Elzevir text, or both, from which to select the variant 
 readings. It is not necessary to pass upon the editorial 
 judgment here displayed — which is sometimes good and 
 
 1633, and at least the Leyden 24.H10 of 1641) of τον νόμου in Romans 7 : 2. 
 The edition of 1678 corrects also the error, existing in all the preceding edi- 
 tions, of ναφ for λαφ, in Revelation 3 : 12. This last, very widespread, error 
 of the Stephanie-Elzevir family of texts appears to have been first committed in 
 the R. Stephanus edition of 1551. 
 
12 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 sometimes bad. The facts we are concerned with here are, 
 first, that the work of an editor is manifest, and that better 
 than might have been expected from the Latin of the title- 
 page ; and second, that the profession in the title that the text 
 is an accurate reprint of Mill is intentionally false. But the 
 title was copied from English editions which had made the 
 same false pretense — already for nearly a century. And not 
 only so, but the lauded textus receptus has been perpetually 
 juggled with in the same way; so that it is rare to find two 
 editions that agree exactly, or one that bears out the profes- 
 sions of its titlepage. The horror with which the simple- 
 minded venerators of the textus receptus shrink from the latest 
 critical texts and the latest revised translations is a mild sen- 
 sation in comparison with the confusion which a little closer 
 examination of its various exemplaria would bring upon them. 
 The textus receptus of to-day — or of former times, for that 
 matter — is nothing but a shadow and a ghost, which its pro- 
 fessed adherents and admirers would generally be the last to 
 recognize as an acquaintance. The critical student finds no 
 limit to his astonishment at the bigoted ignorance, and the 
 unquestioning adherence to the grossest errors, which pervade 
 the English and American works in this respect from the 
 early portion of the last century nearly to the present day. 
 If the zealous defenders of tradition had but investigated 
 only a few of the more prominent matters, instead of blindly 
 following the lead of the (generally virulent) opponents of 
 desirable reform, it would have been better for Christianity 
 and the truth. 
 
 Following the order of genealogy, instead of the order of 
 time, we come upon a second edition, virtually, of this Greek 
 Testament of Thomas; published at Boston, in 1814. Its 
 title proper differs slightly from that of the other in the lines, 
 but not in the words. Instead of the caduceus with the 
 cornucopias, the ornament here is two reclining figures sup- 
 porting the open Bible, with the verse 1 Cor. 15 : 22, in Greek, 
 underneath for a motto. Then the words " Bostoni^e : | Ex- 
 cudebat ESAIAS THOMAS, Jun. | Typis Watson & 
 
THE MILL EDITIONS. 1 3 
 
 Bangs. | 1814." Its form is i2mo, pp. 478, like the other. 
 The accessory matter is the same chronological table, but 
 differently arranged, and without signature. The Latin for 
 "Isaiah" is this time spelled after the ordinary fashion, 
 "Esaias," on the titlepage. 1 Otherwise this edition so 
 nearly resembles the last that a very close look is needed 
 to see the difference. It coincides with the former, page for 
 page and line for line, and almost letter for letter, only it 
 spells out most of the ligatures and employs more recent 
 forms of type for some of the letters. A mutilated copy of 
 this edition might also be recognized by its omission of the 
 chapter-number as a running title at the top of the pages, and 
 by the erroneous page-number 231, in place of 431. It 
 agrees with the former in all the departures from Mill, above- 
 mentioned, and adds a few more of its own besides. Of these 
 last are : Matt. 6 : 6, the Erasmian ταμέϊον for Mill's ταμιέΐον 
 (a variation of which the more recent editions of Pritius, or 
 the title of Schmidt's Greek Ν. T. Concordance, may have 
 been a nearer source) ; Mark 6 : 33, προσηλβον for προηλθον 
 (perhaps an error, but committed in the earlier Brylinger 
 series of editions, from 1542 onward); 1 Cor. 15 : 33, the 
 ancient χρηστά [thus accented] restored in place of the metri- 
 cally adapted χρησθ' [sic] ; and 2 John Ι, έχλεχτϊ] for 'Εκλεχτή. 
 It is, however, a very tolerable Mill. 
 
 Following still the order of genealogy — almost every one is 
 familiar with Bagster's " Polymicrian Greek Testament," pro- 
 vided with its (Greenfield's) Lexicon, and other conveniences 
 for the beginner. It first appeared in England in 1 829. Of 
 
 1 Concerning the variation in the Latin form of this name, I subjoin a note 
 communicated to me by Dr. F. J. A. Hort. Speaking of the spelling adopted 
 by Thomas in the first edition, he says: "He merely followed the spelling of 
 the official editions of the Vulgate, and much modern usage. Nor is it certain 
 that Jerome never used Is., as better representing the Hebrew. In his etymol- 
 ogy of proper names in the Acts [Onomastica, p. 69 Lagarde) he says 'Esaias 
 salus Domini: verum apud Hebrseos ab I littera sumit exordium;' and while he 
 places the name under Ε in three books, he places it under I in Matthew. I 
 observe, too, that the Codex Amiatinus is said to have Esaitz in Isaiah i. 1, and 
 Isaias in ii. I." We have, of course, abundant authority of usage, at least, for 
 the stricter form Iesaias or Jesaias. 
 
14 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 the readings which- Reuss uses in his Bibliotheca as a means of 
 classifying Greek Testaments in families, this edition seems to 
 vary from Mill's text in only three: viz. Acts 17 : 25, xai πάντα 
 for χατά πάντα; Acts 21:3, άναψανέντες for άναφάναντεζ ; and 
 Colossians 1 : 2, Κολοσσάΐς for Κολασσαΐς ; all intended to be 
 adoptions of Beza or Elzevir readings, only the first is a mis- 
 print for xai τα πάντα. This English edition has been repeated 
 many times without date ; and of the copies imported to Amer- 
 ica, some bear the imprint of Wiley, New York ; and some 
 others that of Lippincott, Philadelphia. 
 
 But an actual reprint has appeared in America, 1 issued 
 many times, both with and without date, and with different 
 imprints. Its title and form are as follows : " η kainh 
 διαθήκη. | NOVUM TESTAMENTUM | ad | Exemplar 
 Millianum, I cum I emendationibus et lectionibus Gries- 
 bachii, | praecipuis vocibus ellipticis, | thematibus omnium 
 vocum difficiliorum, | atque locis Scriptural parallelis. | Stu- 
 dio et labore | Gulielmi Greenfield. | Hanc editionem primam 
 Americanam, | summa cura recensuit, atque mendis quam 
 plurimis expurgavit, | Josephus P. Engles, Α. Μ." 32Π10, pp. 
 571 ; lexicon, pp. iv. 281. 
 
 As the title states, it was edited by Joseph P. Engles, A. M., 2 
 
 1 Reuss (Siiliotheca Ν. T. Gr., p. 154) confounds this edition with a New 
 Testament published by Joshua Leavitt, at New York, in 1832, and again by 
 A. S. Barnes & Co., New York, 1846; and I followed the same error in my pre- 
 vious publication. But I have ascertained that that New Testament is only an 
 English New Testament, with " Η KAINH ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ" at the top of the title- 
 page, besides a Greek title (in addition to the English one) for every separate 
 book of the Ν. T. The book is described in O'Callaghan's American Bibles, 
 pp. 219, 294. O'Callaghan is quite correct, but it is easy to obtain an erroneous 
 impression both from his description and from his index. The book is a reprint 
 of the English Polymicrian, and was first made by Joshua Leavitt. The plates 
 were afterwards sold at auction, and bought by A. S. Barnes, who issued the 
 edition of 1846. He sold them again in 1862 or '63, when they were bought by 
 Warren F. Draper of Andover, who issued a third edition, in 1863. A little 
 more care on the part of Reuss or myself would have detected the error ; for its 
 pages are 546, and its stereotyper was James Conner of New York. The stereo- 
 types of the Engles Gr. N. T. were L. Johnson & Co. of Philadelphia. 
 
 2 Joseph Patterson Engles (b. Jan. 3., 1793, d. April 14, 1861) was a Phila- 
 delphian, graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 181 1; in 1813 co- 
 master of the grammar-school of that institution; 1817-45 master of the Clas- 
 
THE MILL EDITIONS. 1 5 
 
 whose claim to have purged it of many errors committed in 
 the original edition is by no means unfounded. Besides the 
 correction of errors, and several minor changes in the text, it 
 chiefly differs from the English edition in the substitution of 
 an English preface for the Latin one of the London editions. 
 In this English preface an apparent error of the Latin is made 
 more definitely an error by stating that the text " is that com- 
 monly called the received text, which was first published at 
 Leyden, A. D. 1624, by Elzevir, and republished in folio at 
 Oxford, by Mill, A. D. 1707." Which shows that the editor's 
 knowledge on that point was at best but second-hand. As 
 to text, he retains the three above-mentioned instances of 
 departure from the Millio-Stephanic to the Beza-Elzevir, cor- 
 recting, however, the error of the London edition in Acts 
 17 : 25, and reading χαι τα πάντα} All the perfect copies of 
 this edition seem to contain the familiar plate with the words 
 
 sical Institute of which he was one of the founders; 1845 publishing agent of 
 the Presbyterian Board of Publication. He was the author of several books, 
 mostly for the young. He was a college classmate of that Christian poet and 
 philanthropist the late Rev. Dr. William Augustus Muhlenberg, who often said, 
 and has left the statement in print, that for what he was in life and work, he 
 owed more to Joseph P. Engles than to any other man. 
 
 1 In making his corrections, the author made use of " a very accurate copy of 
 Mill's Testament, published at Oxford in 1825 ; the various readings, with Gries- 
 bach's Testament, published in Cambridge, New England, in 1809." This 
 Oxford edition of 1825 is not very easy to find, and is not noticed in Reuss's 
 Bibliotheca. If it was one of the series which reproduces the Oxford ed. of 
 1805 (which is rather a Bowyer text than a Mill), Engles could not have followed 
 it; and he certainly does not agree with the common beautiful Oxford i6mo 
 which professes to follow the Oxford copy of 1825. In order to show how 
 Engles differs from the professed reprints of Mill, and how these reprints differ 
 one from another, as well as the relation of these differences to certain important 
 or standard texts, the following collation of specimen places is appended. In 
 the table, Bagst. is the Bagster Polymicrian; M, the original Mill of 1707; K, 
 Kiister's Mill; 5 , the Oxford reprint of Mill, of 1805; 25 , the common 
 Oxford l6mo, which professes to follow the edition of 1825; Th (alone), 
 Thomas of 1800 and 1814 (when they differ the date is annexed to show the 
 reading of each); Bez (alone), Beza's folios of 1565 and 1598, and 8vo edd. of 
 1567, 1580, and 1604 (the date is annexed when they differ); Elz (alone), the 
 Elzevirs of 1624 and 1633 (the date is given when they differ); HS, Henry 
 Stephens of 1587; P, Pickering of 1828; G, the American Griesbach of 1809; 
 WH, Wescott and Hort; T, Von Gebhardt's Tischendorf of 1881 : 
 
1 6 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 for " The New Testament " in forty-eight different languages ; 
 though the London editions sometimes omit it. 
 
 Luke 6 : 9. υμάς τι• Engles, Bagst. M. K. 6 . Th. P. Elz. 
 
 νμας, τί 25 . Bez (Bez '67. ίμάς τι,). HS. ; υμάς• Τί G. 
 νμας, ύ WH. ; νμας ε'ι Τ. 
 Luke 7 : 12. /tat 0U7!/ χήρα Engles, Ο α . P. Elz. G. 
 και amy χήρα Bagst. Μ. 5 . Bez. HS. 
 ml αντη ήν χήρα Κ. Th. Τ. WH (αύτη). 
 Luke 15 : 26. omit, αύτοϋ post παίδων Engles, Th. P. Bez. Elz. HS. G. WH. T. 
 add. αύτοϋ Bagst. Μ. K. 6 . 25 . 
 Luke 19 : 4. σνκομορέαν Engles, Th. P. Bez '67. Elz '24. G. WH. T. 
 
 σνκομωραίαν Bagst. Μ. K. 6 . O^. Elz '33. Bez '65. '98. '80. 
 1604. HS. 
 Luke 20 : 31. ίπτα, καΐ ov Engles, Bagst. M. 5 . Bez '80. 1604. 
 επτά ov K. Bez '65. '98. WH. Τ; επτά- ού G. 
 επτά- nal ov Th. 25 . P. Elz. Bez '67. HS. 
 John 6 : 28. ιτοίώμεν Engles, P. Bez '65. '67. '98. '80. Elz. HS. G. WH. T. 
 ποιοϋμεν Bagst. Μ. K. Th. 6 . 25 . Bez. 1604. 
 John 13 : 30. νίξ. (31.) "Ore ovv εξήλθε Engles, P. Bez (Bez '67. ννξ•). Elz. HS. 
 G. WH. T. 
 ννξ δτε ovv έξήλβε Bagst. Μ. Κ. Th. 5 . 25 . 
 John 19 : 12. ίαντον Engles, G. WH. T. 
 
 αντον Bagst. Μ. K. Th. 5 . O^. P. Bez '65. '67. '98. '80. Elz. HS. 
 avrbv Bez 1604. 
 Acts 5 : 18. αντάν Engles, O^. 
 
 αυτών Bagst. Μ. K. Th. 5 . P. Bez. Elz. HS. G. 
 omit. WH. T. 
 Acts 7 : 44. iv τη έρήμω Engles, Bagst. K. Th. O s . O^. P. Bez. Elz. HS. G. 
 WH. T. 
 τ% έρήμω (omit, iv) M. 
 Acts 21 : 8. ή?£ομεν Engles, Th. P. Bez '67. '80. 1604. Elz. HS. G. T.; #U 
 θαμεν WH. 
 ίβΒον Bagst. Μ. K. O s . O^. Bez '65. '98. 
 Acts 24 : 13. omit, με Engles, Th. P. Bez. Elz. HS. G. WH. T. 
 
 add. με ante δννανται Bagst. M. K. 5 . Ojj. 
 Acts 26 : 20. ίπήγγελλον Engles, P. Bez '67. '80. 1604. Elz. HS. G. WH. T. 
 
 απα -yyiXkav Bagst. Μ. K. Th. 5 . 25 . Bez '65. '98. 
 Acts 27 : 13. άσσον Engles, P. 25 . Bez. Elz '24. HS. G. WH. T. 
 
 Άσσον Bagst. Μ. K. Th. 6 . Elz '33. 
 Acts 27 : 17. Σίρτιν Engles, Bagst. Th. 5 . P. Bez. Elz. HS. G. WH. T. 
 
 σνρτιν Μ. Κ. 25 . 
 2 Cor. 7:12. ημών τήν imip υμών Engles, Th. P. Bez. Elz. G. 
 
 υμών τήν ίπίρ ημών Bagst. Μ. Κ. 6 . 25 . WH. Τ, 
 ίμών τήν νπίρ νμών HS. 
 Coloss. ι : 2. Κολοσσαϊς Engles, Bagst. Th. 5 . P. Bez. Elz. G. WH. T. 
 Κολασσαϊς Μ. Κ. 25 . HS. 
 
THE MILL EDITIONS. IJ 
 
 This edition was prepared by Mr. Engles for the publisher, 
 Henry Perkins, of Philadelphia, who has kept possession of 
 the plates ever since, printing for himself and other publishers 
 according to the demand. It first appeared in February, 1838, 
 at Philadelphia, with the imprint " Philadelphia^ : Sumptibus 
 Henrici Perkins. Bostonise : Perkins et Marvin." The lexi- 
 con (Greenfield's, with Engles's revision) followed in Septem- 
 ber, 1839. Otherwise, except a few early copies bound sepa- 
 rately for convenience, the New Testament and Lexicon have 
 always been issued together in one volume. Other issues are 
 as follows: Philadelphia, H. Perkins, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1846, 
 1848, 1850; Philadelphia, Perkins and Purves, 1844, 1846; 
 Philadelphia, Clark and Hesser, 1853, 1854; Philadelphia, H. 
 C. Peck and Theodore Bliss', 1854, 1855, 1856; also without 
 date, Philadelphia, H. C. Peck and Theo. Bliss, or sometimes 
 simply Peck and Bliss (several issues in 1854, 1855, and 1856); 
 Philadelphia, Theodore Bliss, & Co. (from 1856, the year of 
 Mr. Peck's death, onward) ; and Philadelphia, Lippincott. 
 There were many repetitions of the undated issues, but their 
 exact number cannot now be ascertained. Until 1840, the 
 names of Perkins and Marvin were given as the Boston pub- 
 lishers; but in 1841 their names were replaced by those of 
 Ives and Dennet ; after which no Boston publisher's name ap- 
 pears in the imprint. Benjamin Perkins, of the firm of Per- 
 kins and Marvin, was a brother of the Philadelphia Henry 
 Perkins. All the copies of this edition hitherto mentioned 
 have " Hanc editionem primam Americanam " on the title- 
 page ; the plates having never been changed except as to date 
 and imprint. It has always been a favorite edition among 
 students, and as a pocket companion. It is becoming rather 
 hard to pick up in the antiquarian bookstores. 
 
 I Thess. 2 : 15. ήμας Engles, 5 . P. Bez. Elz. HS. G. WH. T. 
 υμάς Bagst. Μ. K. Th. 25 . 
 2 John Ι. εκλεκτή Engles, Bagst. Th 1814. P. 5 . 25 . Bez. Elz. HS. G. 
 WH. T. 
 'Εκλεκτή Μ. Κ. Th 1800. 
 2 John 13. 'εκλεκτής Engles, Bagst. P. 5 . 25 . Bez '65. '98. 1604. Elz. HS. 
 G. WH. T. 
 '•Εκλεκτής Μ. Κ. Th. Bez '80. 
 2 
 
1 8 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 A second edition of this New Testament, with the plates 
 carefully corrected, was issued by Henry Perkins, in 1883, 
 at Philadelphia, with the following title : " η καινή διαθήκη 
 | Novum Testamentum | Grsece | cum | emendationibus et 
 lectionibus Griesbachii | praecipuis vocibus ellipticis | the- 
 matibus omnium vocum difficiliorum | atque locis Scripturse 
 parallelis | e recognitione | Gulielmi Greenfield | recensum 
 atque mendis expurgatum cura | Josephi Ρ Engles AM | 
 emendatius edidit adnotationemque criticam addidit | Isaacus 
 Η Hall AM LLB PhD." (pp.631.) The additional matter 
 contained in this edition is a Preface to the Second Edition, and 
 a Supplement, containing the " Various Readings adopted by 
 the English and American Revisers, 1 881," with other matter 
 explanatory and critical. The Supplement includes the read- 
 ings preferred (in text and margin) in the Appendix to the 
 Revised Version of the English New Testament. The " Vari- 
 ous Readings " are kept within the bounds of the editions of 
 Scrivener and Palmer, published at Oxford and Cambridge, 
 respectively, in 1 881 ; except that a few misprints of these 
 editions are corrected, and the few changes required by the 
 preferences of the American Committee are drawn from an- 
 other source. 
 
 Another of the Mill family is that of the Rev. J. A. Spencer, 1 
 under the following title: "Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ | The | 
 Four Gospels and Acts of the Apostles | in Greek. | With 
 English Notes, Critical, Philological, and Exe- | getical ; 
 Maps, Indexes, etc. | Together with the Epistles and Apoca- 
 lypse. I The whole forming the complete text of | The New 
 Testament. | For the use of Schools, Colleges, and Theologi- 
 cal Seminaries. | By Rev. J. A. Spencer, A. M., | author of | 
 ' The Christian Instructed,' ' History of the English Refor- 
 mation,' etc. Ι το καλόν χάγαθόν. | New York : | Harper and 
 Brothers, Publishers, 82 Cliff Street. | 1847." i2mo, pp. xii., 
 611. This title is fairly descriptive, except as to the author 
 himself. It was evidently intended first as a class-book, and 
 
 1 Jesse Ames Spencer, D. D., b. 18 16. For a sketch of his life and numerous 
 works, see Johnsons Cyclopedia, iv. p. 426. 
 
THE MILL EDITIONS. 1 9 
 
 to contain only the Gospels and Acts — which indeed were 
 issued separately the same year, 1847, and again in 1859. 
 Other editions of the entire book were issued by the same 
 publishers in 1852, 1859, i860, 1865, 1868, 1875, and 1877. 
 Only the Gospels and Acts have notes ; but the Epistles and 
 Revelation have a little accessory matter in the shape' of gen- 
 eral introductions and tables. Its text is very nearly that of 
 Burton (Oxford, England, 1 831, and several subsequent edi- 
 tions), which departed from Mill to Elzevir in fourteen notice- 
 able places, which may be found enumerated in Prof. Dr. Ed- 
 uard Reuss's Bibliotheca Novi Testamenti Grceci (Brunsvigae, 
 1872), p. 154. Spencer professes to adopt Burton's text, and 
 to venture to differ therewith only on a few occasions, and 
 then principally in the pointing, the use of capital letters, and 
 other particulars of a like grade of importance. But he leaves 
 Mill for Elzevir in two places more than Burton, viz., in the last 
 two of the three just mentioned of the Polymicrian. 
 
 One more edition, and that a noteworthy one, exhibits 
 Mill's text -professedly ; or, to speak more accurately, it pro- 
 fesses to follow "Bagster's edition [185 1] of Mill's reprint of 
 Stephens's third edition (1550)." This is the elaborate Greek- 
 English work of the American Bible Union, in 4to, intended 
 as provisional and preliminary to their proposed new English 
 translation of the Bible. This work was published in parts, 
 but, so far as I can learn, was never completed, so as to in- 
 clude the whole of the New Testament. As to text, I cannot 
 speak from personal examination as to its variations, either 
 from the original Mill or from the Bagster edition which it 
 took as a standard. In the small portion I have examined it 
 leaves the Mill text for the Elzevir in a few places ; for exam- 
 ple, that already noticed by Reuss {Bibliotheca, p. 157), Rev. 
 3:1, inserting επτά before πνεύματα. But to have changed 
 the text materially would have been a measure too bold for 
 the contemplated purpose of the work, and for the times as 
 well. The notes of this edition, and the introductions to some 
 portions, give it a thoroughly critical character ; and as such 
 it should be classed. 
 
20 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 The portions that have appeared, so far as I can learn, are 
 the following ; all published at New York by the American 
 Bible Union, but bearing also the imprint, Louisville, Bible 
 Revision Association, and London, Trubner & Co. : 
 
 1854. 2 Peter, 1, 2, and 3 John, Judas, and Revelation, pp. 
 xi., 253;. anonymous, but by John Lillie. 
 
 1855. Matthew, Chapters I., II., and III., pp. 52; anony- 
 mous, but by Orrin B. Judd. The same, reissued in 1858, is 
 called " second edition." 
 
 1856. John, pp. xvi., 171 ; anonymous, but by a Mr. Morton. 
 Also the same, reissued in 1859, an ^ again in 1864. 
 
 1856. 1 and 2 Thessalonians, pp. viii., 73; anonymous, but 
 by John Lillie. The titlepage states that it was by the same 
 person as the editor of 2 Peter, 1, 2, and 3 John, Judas, and 
 Revelation. (Also, London, England, 1858.) 
 
 1857. Ephesians, pp. vi., 39; anonymous, but by Ν. N. 
 Whiting. Also, the same reissued in 1864. 
 
 1857. Hebrews, pp. vi., 90; anonymous, but shown by the 
 prefatory matter to have been done by the editor of Ephe- 
 sians, or Ν. N. Whiting. 
 
 1858. Acts, pp. iv., 224; anonymous, but by Alexander 
 Campbell. , 
 
 1858. Mark, pp. vi., 134; anonymous, but by Ν. N. Whit- 
 ing. Also, the same reissued in 1866. 
 
 i860. Matthew, pp. xxx., 171 ; T. J. Conant. Also, the same 
 reissued in 1866. 
 
 i860. Luke, pp. viii., 273 ; anonymous, but by Ν. N. Whit- 
 ing. Also, the same reissued in 1866. 
 
 i860. I and 2 Timothy and Titus, pp. vi., 78; anonymous, 
 but the prefatory matter shows that they were done by the 
 editor of Ephesians, Hebrews, Mark, and Luke; or, Ν. N. 
 Whiting. 
 
 i860. Philemon, pp. 44; anonymous, but by Η. B. Hackett. 
 The preface is dated " Newton Centre, April 13, i860." This 
 last was issued again the same year, in small 4to, or i8mo, 
 pp. 90. Unlike the others, this part omits the Common Eng- 
 lish Version. It is rather a general commentary than strictly 
 like the rest of the series. 
 
THE MILL EDITIONS. 21 
 
 1 86 1. The various parts, each bearing its own date (together 
 with the published parts of the Old Testament), bound in 
 one immense volume, with a new title, "The Sacred Scrip- 
 tures," etc. 
 
 Although the American Bible Union and its work were a 
 Baptist enterprise, John Lillie, the author of several of the 
 above preliminary revisions, was a Presbyterian clergyman. 
 In critical and scholarly character there is a wide difference 
 between the several parts ; the Matthew by Dr. Conant, the 
 Philemon by Dr. Hackett, and the several parts by Dr. John 
 Lillie, being of a much higher grade than the rest. The vol- 
 ume which comprises the Gospel of John, indeed, was pub- 
 lished against the protest of certain prominent men of the 
 Baptist denomination (of whom one was the late Dr. Hackett), 
 who considered it "discreditable to the scholarship of the 
 American Bible Union." And, in the language of a mod- 
 ern (Baptist) critic, its "pages swarm with blunders." 
 
 It is a common error that these preliminary or provisional 
 publications were the joint Work of a number of men. That 
 may be true with regard to some parts of their English version, 
 but it is not so with regard to the Greek text and its imme- 
 diate accessories. In each case it was the work of one author. 
 Other provisional work for some of the remaining books was 
 done in manuscript, as the Epistle to the Galatians by Dr. 
 Philip Schaff (who is German Reformed as to denomina- 
 tion) ; and the first Epistle of Peter and the Epistle of James 
 by John Lillie, but they were never printed. 
 
* III. THE LEUSDEN (ELZEVIR) EDITIONS. 
 
 The next family to appear in America was that of the 
 Leusden editions. The first example was the Greek-Latin 
 New Testament published by Bradford, at Philadelphia, in 
 1806. The titlepage is preceded by a short false title (con- 
 sisting of the first six lines of the true), and reads as follows :• 
 "Η ΚΑΙΝΗ | ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. | Novum | TESTAMENTUM, | 
 cum versione Latina | Arise Montani, | in quo turn selecti 
 versiculi 1900, quibus omnes Novi | Testamenti voces conti- 
 nentur, asteriscis | notantur ; | turn omnes & singular voces, 
 semel vel saepius occurrentes, | peculiari nota distinguuntur. | 
 Auctore | Johanne Leusden, Professore. | Editio Prima Amer 
 icana : | qua plurima Londiniensis errata, diligentissime ani- 
 mad- I versa, corriguntur : | Cura Johannis Watts. | Philadel- 
 phise : | Ex Officina Classica : | Impensis S. F. Bradford. | 
 1806." The book is a i2mo, pp. 561, pretty accurately 
 printed, and altogether a credit to the publishers and to the 
 times. 
 
 As already seen, this can be the " editio prima Americana " 
 only as a Leusden edition ; for it is the second of the Greek 
 Testament absolutely. The corrector named on the titlepage 
 was the printer, as we see from the note at the end of the 
 book : " Excudebat J. Watts." In this edition an editor's 
 work has little or no place. As it professes, it is a reprint 
 of the famous edition of John Leusden, in which 1900 select 
 verses are marked with a *, as containing together all the 
 words of the New Testament ; and words which occur only 
 once, or very rarely, are marked by a f and J respectively. 
 For its immediate original, the " London edition " mentioned 
 on the titlepage, we have three from which to choose. One 
 of these was issued at Leyden by the Wetsteins in 1772, but 
 22 
 
THE LEUSDEN {ELZEVIR) EDITIONS. 23 
 
 it bears also on the titlepage the imprint " Londini, apud Joan- 
 nem Nourse." The second so closely resembles this one, line 
 for line and page for page, that it requires close scrutiny to 
 see that they actually are different issues. It was published 
 at London in 1794, and bears the imprint of six different pub- 
 lishing houses, of which the first named is F. Wingrave. The 
 third, dated 1804, is of exactly the same description as the 
 second, except that it contains some misprints not found in 
 the other two, and has the imprint of seven different publish- 
 ing houses, of which the first named is F. Wingrave. The 
 form of each is i2mo, pp. 699, on sheets a trifle smaller than 
 the American Bradford. Those of 1772 and 1794 have the 
 well known Wetstein maps, which are lacking in the edition 
 of 1804, as well as in the American editions. 
 
 The text of this edition need not be dwelt upon at length, 
 since, except in just one noticeable change, it is pretty purely 
 the Elzevir of 1678. The first Leusden appeared at Utrecht 
 in 1675, 1 with nearly the Elzevir text of 1670; but the second 
 
 1 As this Leusden of 1675 has greatly puzzled the bibliographers (see, for ex- 
 ample, Masch's Le Long's Bibliotheca Sacra, Pars I. Cap. II. Sect. I. § XCVII. ; 
 Baumgarten's Nachrichten von Merkwurdigern BUchern, Bd. IV., pp. 383, 384; 
 Goeze's Verzeichniss, I. 57 ; Adler's Bibliotheca Biblica, etc., Lorckiana, p. 99), 
 it is as well to say that Reuss is undoubtedly right in his description of the two 
 books {Bibliotheca Ν . Τ. Gr., pp. 122, 123, 131), whose confusion has made the 
 trouble and aroused the suspicion. The book which Masch, Baumgarten, Goeze, 
 and Adler describe, with more or less perplexity and suspicion, as the first Leus- 
 den, has indeed the same title as the genuine Leusden of 1675, the same date, 
 and the same place and publisher, besides being printed with the same font of 
 type. The title of the genuine edition reads : " Η' ΚΑΙΝΙΓ | ΔΙΑΘΗ'ΚΗ. | 
 Novum I TESTAMENTUM | Cum \ Distinctione versiculorum | Qui omnes \ 
 Novi Testamenti voces continent. | [Ornament, an armillary sphere.] | Ultra- 
 jecti, I Ex Officina Antonii Smytegelt. | cId Ij Lxxv." The title to the other 
 book, as I learn from Adler's description, has for ornament, in place of the 
 sphere, "fades angeli aliquot floribus cincta." (I have copies of both books, 
 but the latter lacks the titlepage.) The genuine, in accordance with the state- 
 ment of the titlepage, has the [1900] verses marked with a * as containing 
 together all the words of the New Testament (the f and % for their several pur- 
 poses were not added till 1688), but no trace of them exists in the other. The 
 genuine contains two prefatory pages ("Johannes Leusden Lectori benevoli S. P."), 
 explaining, among other things, his plan about the 1 900 verses, which were se- 
 lected, under his direction, by the " Ornatissimus Juvenis D. Adamus ab Halen, 
 Rotteraedamo-Batavus " (nothing is said about this Adam van Halen in the later 
 prefaces), and dated Kal. Nov. 1674. It also has the common table of quota- 
 
24 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 Leusden, 1688, struck out a new path, following the Elzevir 
 of 1678. A series of editions kept this latter text till 1740, 
 when the change above referred to was introduced : viz., the 
 adding xac στραφείς προς τους μαθητάς, είπε at the beginning 
 of Luke 10 : 22. It was this edition of 1740, or rather its 
 Greek-Latin form of 1741, from which descended, by mere 
 reproduction, the editions of 1772, 1794, and 1804 above 
 mentioned ; either of which, again, may have been the imme- 
 diate parent of the American Bradford. Of this ancestral 
 series, the first edition was published at Amsterdam and 
 London ; at Amsterdam by the two houses of Boom and 
 Van Soemeren.and in London by Sam. Smith. The other 
 editions of the series were all issued by the Wetsteins at 
 Amsterdam. A double group of offshoots of this Leusden 
 edition, each with its very trifling variations, appeared during 
 the same period. One of the two started at Frankfurt a. M., 
 1692, edited by Rudolph Leusden, son of John. The other, 
 more nearly conformed to the Elzevir of 1633, was published 
 at Leyden from 1699 onward. It is of a form rather minute, 
 and probably the first Greek Testament ever stereotyped. It 
 usually bears the imprint of Luchtmans. Then followed a 
 long series of branches, more or less different from Leusden's 
 original and from each other, issued by various publishers at 
 various places in Germany. 
 
 In the same year with the Bradford edition just mentioned, 
 the same publisher issued the same Greek text without the 
 Latin, calling it " Editio Secunda Americana ;" but it is sec- 
 ond only as a Leusden. Watts is named as the corrector 
 and printer of this edition also. It is a i2mo, like the last, 
 pp. 286. 
 
 tions from the Old Testament made in the New. But the other edition has no 
 prefatory matter, nor similar table ; and its text is different, being a reprint of 
 that of the edition of Fell (Anonymous, Oxonii, e Theatro Sheldoniano, 1675). 
 The genuine is a i6mo (we should now say a 3zmo), numbered pages 703 
 (really, pp. xvi. 704), and is printed with lines running the whole width of the 
 page. The other is a 24Π10, pp. 611, though a thicker book, and is printed with 
 two columns to the page. The publisher's use of the Leusden title for this latter 
 edition is no more than has been done in America during the present century, as 
 will be seen farther on, p. 37. 
 
THE LEUSDEN {ELZEVIR) EDITIONS. 2$ 
 
 The next edition of Leusden's New Testament appeared at 
 New York in 1821 ; the title being like the Bradford edition 
 as far as applicable ; the note of publication being " Novi- 
 Eboraci : Typis et Impensis Georgii Long, No. 71, Pearl 
 Street. 1821." This is a i2mo of small sized sheets, pp. 699; 
 being page for page, line for line, and word for word, a close 
 copy of the editions of 1772, 1794, and 1804 above referred 
 to ; but in every respect save thickness it is a smaller book. 
 It might be called a "facsimile" of either; only, as it copies 
 the misprints of the edition of 1804, the last is doubtless its 
 immediate parent. (One of these misprints, for example, is 
 in John 19 : 30 Τετέλησται for ΤετέλεστΜ.) 
 
 These three editions, the two Bradfords and the Long, are 
 the only Leusden editions, so far as I know, ever published 
 in America; though one phenomenon of the book-stores and 
 libraries, to be mentioned farther on, speaks otherwise to the 
 unwary. 
 
 In this connection is to be mentioned an edition of Mac- 
 knight's Epistles, which appeared under the following title : 
 "A New I Literal Translation ] from the Original Greek, | of 
 all the | Apostolical Epistles. | With | A Commentary, and 
 Notes, I Philological, Critical, Explanatory, and Practical. | 
 To which is added, | a History of the Apostle Paul. | By 
 James Macknight, D. D. | Author of a Harmony of the Gos- 
 pels, &c. I In Six Volumes. | To which is prefixed | an Ac- 
 count of the Life of the Author. | . . . | Boston : | Published 
 by W. Wells and T. B. Wait & Co. | T. B. Wait & Co. Printers 
 I 1810." It is an 8vo; vol. i. pp. xiv. 503 (Romans); vol. ii. pp. 
 [iv.] 471 (1 and 2 Corinthians); vol. iii. pp. [iv.] 561 (Galatians 
 to Colossians) ; vol. iv. pp. [iv.] 409 (Thessalonians to Phile- 
 mon); vol. v. pp. [iv.] 571 (James to 2 Peter); vol. vi. pp. [iv.] 
 433 (John to Jude). It is printed with breathings, but without 
 accents. The General Preface and the preliminary Essays con- 
 tain a great deal of useful matter, and the foot-notes show 
 much critical study on particular points, though no thorough- 
 ness or ripeness as a general critic. A foot-note on pages 36- 
 39 gives a very fair historical account of the principal Greek 
 
26 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 New Testaments, from the Complutensian down to Bengel, 
 though strangely mixed with error. For instance, he speaks 
 of an Elzevir Gr. Ν. T. of 1622, and another " two years after 
 this . . . corrected, as Beza [d. 1605 !] informs us, by not a 
 few persons, eminent for learning and piety." 
 
 " The text of the Greek New Testament followed in this 
 translation," as we are informed in the General Preface, vol. i. 
 p. 35, " is the one in common use ;" which the author followed 
 because he conceived it to have been " settled according to the 
 opinion of learned men in different countries, who compared 
 a great number of MSS, and fixed on the readings which ap- 
 peared to them best supported." But " the author hath altered 
 the accenting [accents are wanting in this American edition] 
 and pointing of the common edition in a few instances, in 
 order to obtain a better and more perspicuous sense of the 
 passages." But the readings of Mill's " noble edition " " are 
 by no means to be admitted," for reasons which the author 
 found in Whitby's Examen. What particular edition " in com- 
 mon use " was followed by the author, is not so certain. He 
 himself believed it to be that of R. Stephens of 1550 (see vol. 
 i., pp. 38, 39, foot-note). But an examination shows that it is 
 much nearer the Elzevir of 1678. It appears to agree with 
 the latter against Stephens in every case where the two differ, 
 except only in 2 Timothy 4:13 (reading φαιλόνην) and 1 Peter 
 2:21 (reading ήμων, ήμϊν). 
 
 Further to be mentioned in this connection, as presenting a 
 text of the same general family, is the peculiarly constructed 
 Harmony of the Gospels by the Rev. Dr. James Strong. Its 
 text is nearly the Elzevir of 1633. This is a i2mo, pp. iv. 624, 
 published' at New York by the Harpers in 1854; also, the 
 same year, by J. C. Riker, and again by the Harpers in 1859. 
 
 It may be added that these five books are the only Ameri- 
 can representatives of the European textus receptus ; and that 
 not one of them is a perfect representative of either of the 
 patterns — that is, of either the Elzevir of 1624 or that of 1633. 
 They are apparently nearer the Elzevir of 1678, but certainly 
 not identical with it. 
 
IV. THE GRIESBACH EDITIONS. 
 
 The next family to appear came in order of time next to 
 the Bradford Leusdens of 1806; starting with the most im- 
 portant of our early issues. This was the reprint of Gries- 
 bach's Manual (Leipzig, Goeschen, 1805), his third edition and 
 most finished text; issued at Cambridge, at the University 
 Press, in 1809. The form of this reprint is 8vo, pp. xxiv. 615. 
 Its titlepage differs from that of its original by adding the 
 words : " Cantabrigise Nov-Anglorum 1 809. Typis Aca- 
 demicis; sumtibus [sic] W. Wells et W. Hilliard." The 
 editor is understood to have been W. Wells, who was a 
 scholar, as well as one of the publishers. It has a title- 
 page for each volume (the second volume beginning with 
 Acts), but the paging is continuous throughout, disregarding 
 in the enumeration, however, the titlepage to volume ii., and 
 the blank pages on each side of it. The whole is a pretty 
 accurate piece of work ; and adds to the original only one 
 page of matter : the publishers' dedication to the President 
 and Fellows of Harvard University. This edition had a de- 
 servedly wide circulation ; and it has been taken as the basis 
 of all the Griesbach texts published in this country — though 
 its successors have generally followed it only longo intervallo. 
 This edition was used by Mr. Engles, as he states in his Eng- 
 lish preface to the American Polymicrian Greek Testament 
 noticed above, in verifying the Griesbach readings given in 
 that volume. 
 
 At the time of its publication, this book is said to have 
 been hailed by one party with joy — " with an Io triumphe," as 
 one of the old-school Biblical scholars informs me — as a de- 
 nominational weapon, and the annihilator of their opponents ; 
 while by the latter it was looked upon with timidity, not only 
 
 27 
 
28 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 as the destroyer of proof-texts and the discloser of the sandy 
 foundation of innumerable sermons, but as a would-be un- 
 settler of the foundation of the New Testament itself. But 
 the telegraph did not exist in those days, and those hopes 
 and fears and antagonisms remained local and temporary. It 
 was impossible to make a critical edition of the New Testa- 
 ment a badge of orthodoxy or heresy on either side ; and the 
 book came speedily into use and preference among the more 
 enlightened clergymen of that generation, in all denomina- 
 tions. Andover Theological Seminary appears to have taken 
 the lead in this favorable movement, among representatives 
 of the timid side. At all events, a Harmony of the Gospels 
 with this text was soon prepared for use in that institution. 
 From that day onward, America has not ceased to possess 
 critical texts of native print, although she cannot say, like 
 Germany, that her scholars have issued no Elzevir text since 
 1775. 1 The publication of this Griesbach in America was no 
 common event. 
 
 The Gospels of this text, accompanied by a vocabulary, 
 were issued at Boston in 1825, by " Cunlmings, Hilliard, and 
 Company — Washington Street." The type is the same as 
 that used in the volume just mentioned; the form 8vo, pp. 
 iii. 240; Lexicon, pp. 71. The marginal readings are omitted. 
 This volume was " prepared in consequence of the new ar- 
 rangement of the studies in Greek, preparatory to admission 
 into the University at Cambridge," " the Corporation having 
 
 1 This is true of German scholars and publishers as such. The British and 
 Foreign Bible Society, from at least 1856 to the present year, has published va- 
 rious Mill-Elzevir texts at Cologne and elsewhere in Germany, to the strong dis- 
 taste, if not the scandal, of the German scholars. Says Reuss of the British 
 Cologne edition of 1856 : " Pretio vili studiosis nostris venditur in ipsa Germania 
 excusus liber, scilicet ut critics: editiones puriorem textum representantes eorum 
 oculis facilius subducantur." And Von Gebhardt's Greek-German New Testa- 
 ment is sold at a low price with the (politely) avowed intention of opposition to 
 those texts of the British Society. Since the publication of the Revised Version 
 of the English New Testament, and the issue by the British Society of its cir- 
 cular to translators, allowing them to conform their work to the text of that Ver- 
 sion, the Society may feel more at liberty to circulate a corrected original along 
 with its corrected versions. 
 
THE GRIESBACH EDITIONS. 29 
 
 substituted Jacobs' Greek Reader and the Four Gospels for 
 the Collectanea Grseca Minora and the whole of the New 
 Testament." The titlepage, also, says that it is " Designed 
 for the use of schools." The (anonymous) editor of the text 
 was N. L. Frothingham. 
 
 As already indicated, this text next appeared in Moses Stu- 
 art's edition of Newcome's Harmony of the Gospels, under 
 the following title: "A | Harmony in Greek | of the | Gos- 
 pels, I with I Notes, | by William Newcome, D. D., | Dublin, 
 1788: I reprinted from the | text and select various readings | 
 of [ Griesbach, | by the Junior Class in the | Theological 
 Seminary | at Andover, under the superintendence of Moses 
 Stuart, I associate professor of sacred literature in said | 
 seminary. | Andover: | Printed by Flagg and Gould. | 18 14." 
 This appears to be the first Greek Harmony of the Gospels 
 published in this country. An "Advertisement " states that 
 " it was also designed to print the Harmony respecting the 
 resurrection of Christ, according to the order proposed by 
 Townson in his Essay on the Four Gospels, and followed by 
 Professor White in his Diatessaron ; but after diligent search 
 no copy of the Essays could be found, and it was thought in- 
 expedient to depart from the order of Newcome, without as- 
 signing the reasons, which succeeding Harmonists have 
 alleged for a departure. Newcome himself, who read Town- 
 son, did not think proper to alter that part of his Harmony, 
 to which this paragraph alludes." The form of this Ameri- 
 can Newcome is 8vo, pp. xvi., xii., 424, 188. Another edition 
 appeared the same year in 4to. 
 
 Newcome's Harmony appeared at Dublin in 1788, folio; a 
 Harmony constructed on the basis of Le Clerc,• Amsterdam, 
 1699, fol. Professor White, alluded to in the "Advertise- 
 ment," was Joseph White, professor of the Hebrew and 
 Arabic languages in Oxford University, and the same who 
 published the Philoxenian (Harklensian) Syriac New Testa- 
 ment (Oxford, 1778-1803), and the so-called " Origenistic " 
 Greek New Testament, with its obeli and asterisks (Oxford, 
 1 798-1 808). The Diatessaron passed through a number of ' 
 
30 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 editions in the earlier years of this century (fifth edition, Ox- 
 ford, 1 8 14, small 8vo). 
 
 Another issue of the same text appeared at Philadelphia in 
 1822-23, m parallel columns with an original, or revised, Eng- 
 lish Version, edited by "Abner Kneeland, minister of the First 
 Independent Church of Christ, called Universalist, in Phil- 
 adelphia;" also the same in 1823; also the Greek text alone 
 (1822) and the author's English version by itself (1823), and 
 perhaps each of them twice. At least, some copies of the 
 Greek are dated 1823 ; which I am inclined to believe is the 
 true date of both the single texts. It was " published by the 
 Editor, No. 9 North Second Street, and sold by him — also by 
 Abm. Small, No. 165 Chestnut Street." William Fry, often 
 said to be the publisher, was the printer (spelled " printe " in 
 vol. i. of the issue of 1822, but "printer" in vol. ii., as well as 
 in both volumes of the issue of 1823). The form is a rather 
 small i2mo, vol. i., pp. xvi. 360; vol. ii., pp. ix. 444. The 
 Greek is printed without accents, and the Griesbach margin 
 is omitted. It was intended by the author to supply the want 
 of a Greek-English New Testament; a thing which he believed 
 not to be in existence ; and the printing of the Greek and Eng- 
 lish separately was an afterthought. 
 
 The first volume appeared as an experiment ; with a preface 
 containing, among other t things, the Greek Alphabet, direc- 
 tions for pronunciation, and the declension of the article and 
 personal pronouns. An abstract from Parkhurst's Greek 
 Grammar is promised for the second volume, provided the 
 work meets with sufficient encouragement — which promise 
 is fulfilled at the end of the second volume. The long lists 
 of errata in each volume show the editor's care and the print- 
 er's ability ; but it is to be remembered that the editor, as he 
 himself says with regret, lacked the privilege of an early clas- 
 sical education. 1 The whole book shows more the author's 
 
 1 Abner Kneeland (b. 1774; d. 1844) was a Baptist clergyman, then Univer- 
 salist, then Deist. He edited a Universalist periodical in Philadelphia (1821- 
 23) ; the Olive Branch, New York; founded the Investigator at Boston (1832) ; 
 in 1836 was tried before the Supreme Court at Boston for blasphemy. He pub- 
 lished several other books. 
 
THE GRIESBACH EDITIONS. 3 1 
 
 sense of his own need and deficiencies than any conceit of the 
 " self-made " man ; though of course it has many of the cru- 
 dities of the latter, with the common belief of the class that 
 they shall yet light upon the royal road to learning. 
 
 The type of this Greek Testament appears to be the same 
 as that used in the " Enchiridion of Epictetus," mentioned 
 above as probably the first Greek book published in America, 
 with, however, more recent forms for some of the letters inter- 
 mingled. The use of the type can be traced in a series of 
 small Greek grammars, and other books, printed in Philadel- 
 phia, by Carey, Aitken, and Fry, respectively ; some of which 
 grammars contain the Lord's Prayer and other New Testa- 
 ment passages in Greek, besides the Ten Commandments from 
 the Septuagint. 
 
 The next Griesbach New Testament issued in this country 
 was printed without either breathings or accents. This is the 
 notorious " Emphatic Diaglott " now regularly published by 
 the " phrenological " firm, S. R. .Wells & Co., of New York. 
 It is an astonishing edition, by reason of its high price, its 
 mysterious name, and its other qualities. It was first pub- 
 lished by the editor, Benjamin Wilson, at Geneva, Illinois; the 
 issue extending over a period of seven years, ending in 1 863 ; 
 the whole, when afterwards bound together, bearing the date 
 1864. The second edition, or the first issued at once in a 
 complete form, was published by Fowler & Wells, New York, 
 in 1 865 ; the editor's preface being dated 1 864. Its claims are 
 best set forth by its title : " The Emphatic Diaglott : contain- 
 ing the Original Greek Text of what is commonly styled 
 the New Testament, (according to the Recension of Dr. J. J. 
 Griesbach,) with an Interlineary Word for Word English 
 Translation; a New Emphatic Version, based on the Inter- 
 lineary Translation, on the renderings of eminent critics, and 
 on the various readings of the Vatican Manuscript, No. 1209 
 in the Vatican Library. Together with Illustrative and Ex- 
 planatory foot notes, and a copious selection of References ; 
 to the whole of which is added, A Valuable Alphabetical 
 Appendix." No remarks need be made upon the style of 
 
32 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 editing, or upon either of the translations ; unless it be to say 
 that the only respectable portion of the prefatory matter is the 
 " History of the Greek Text ;" and that is not faultless. The 
 Griesbach margin is generally omitted, except when it happens 
 to coincide with a " Vatican Manuscript, No. 1 209 " reading. 
 But as to the source of these Vatican readings, I judge from 
 sundry indications, such as "Ευροχλυδων " (Acts 27 : 14) with- 
 out note of a variant, that it was some reprint of the inaccu- 
 rate edition of Angelo Mai ; probably that of Appleton, New 
 York, 1859. 
 
 The form of this " Emphatic Diaglott " 1 is a 1 2mo, appar- 
 ently ; with no paging or sheet signatures, except in the Ap- 
 pendix, which has pp. 44. As far as I have traced this edition, 
 it has reappeared in 1866, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1876, 1878, 1880; 
 also the Gospel of Luke separately in 1878, in quest of pat- 
 ronage through the " International Sunday-School Lessons." 
 
 The last Griesbach text which I find issued in this country 
 is a portion of an " Interlinear Translation of the Sacred Scrip- 
 tures," of which the Pentateuch, Daniel, and Ezra have ap- 
 peared in Hebrew and English, and the Gospels, Acts, and 
 Apocalypse in Greek and English. The work came out in 
 parts ; at first, a Hebrew and a Greek part alternately, begin- 
 ning with the Hebrew. One part was to be issued every three 
 months. The notes, grammatical and critical, were bound up 
 at the end of each part as it came out, but when the collected 
 parts were bound together (the Pentateuch by itself, Daniel 
 and Ezra each by itself, and the New Testament portions in 
 one volume by themselves), the notes, having a separate and 
 continuous paging, were put together at the end of the vol- 
 ume. The general title of the work is " Interlinear Transla- 
 tion of the Sacred Scriptures, with Grammatical and Critical 
 Notes. By Dr. Leonard Tafel, New York ; Dr. Rudolph L. 
 Tafel, London ; L. H. Tafel, Philadelphia." The special title 
 of the New Testament portions is : " Interlinear Translation 
 
 1 This word, I am informed, has been used as meaning interlinear ; and there- 
 fore may not be a mistake for " Diglott." But in the book itself it is not the 
 " interlineary " part that is " emphatic," but the other English version. 
 
THE GRIESBACH EDITIONS. 33 
 
 of the New Testament," etc. The New Testament portion is 
 issued with two different imprints ; the first " Philadelphia : L. 
 H. Tafel, 635 Arch Street. London: David Nutt, 270, 
 Strand." The other issue bears the imprint " New York : 
 E. and J. B. Young, & Co., Cooper Union, Fourth Avenue. 
 London, James Speiss, 36 Bloomsbury Street." The form is 
 8vo, pp. viii. 730 ; notes, pp. j6. The 1 text is that of Griesbach 
 with modifications. Besides the interlinear translation, there 
 is a transliteration (also interlinear) of the Greek into Roman 
 letters, after a fashion explained in the introductory matter. 
 The work bears no date, but the parts appeared at various 
 times in the last decade. I suspect that the actual printing 
 of the Hebrew and Greek was done abroad ; the Hebrew, at 
 least, probably by Drugulin, of Leipzig. The work belongs 
 to the class of literary curiosities ; though portions of it are 
 not without merit. The Greek is printed without accents. 
 3 
 
V. THE STEPHANIC EDITIONS. 
 
 The Stephanie editions are treated separately from the Mill 
 editions, only because the phenomena in America require it. 
 They form the next thread to be taken up in chronological 
 order. The first of these was the edition of Peter Wilson, 1 
 LL.D., Professor Emeritus of Columbia College, New York. 
 This was first published in 1822, at Hartford, Connecticut, by 
 Oliver D. Cooke & Sons ; stereotyped by Hammond Wallis, 
 New York. In Reuss's Bibliotheca Ν. T. Gr., p. 163 (and its 
 " Index Editionum," p. 296), the first issue is mistakenly set 
 down as " New York, stereotypis Hammondi Wallis. 1808." 
 But stereotyping was not introduced into America till about 
 1 8 1 3 ; and Peter Wilson was not Professor Emeritus of 
 Columbia College till 1820; and about 1808 he must have 
 been too busy with his Latin Prosody (New York, 18 10) to 
 be editing a Greek Testament. Indeed, his known labors and 
 published works account pretty well for all his time. (See Dr. 
 
 1 Peter Wilson, b. 1746, in Scotland, studied at the University of Aberdeen, 
 removed to New York 1763, member of New Jersey Legislature 1777-83, codi- 
 fier of the New Jersey laws 1783, Professor in Columbia College 1789-92 and 
 again 1797-1820. In 1820 he was made Professor Emeritus, d. 1825. I am 
 informed by Mr. C. J. Buckingham of Poughkeepsie, Ν. Y., that the late Prof. 
 Chauncey A. Goodrich, of Yale College, actually superintended the printing of 
 Wilson's Greek Testament, and that at the time of its publication it was com- 
 monly called " Goodrich's Greek Testament," although Goodrich's name nowhere 
 appears in the book. Mr. Buckingham studied the first edition of this Gr. Ν. T. 
 at Bacon Academy, Colchester, Connecticut, at the same time with Chief Justice 
 Waite, in the days when sub-freshmen had to almost know the Greek Testament 
 by heart. Professor Goodrich was a son-in-law of Noah Webster, and brother- 
 in-law of the last Governor Ellsworth of Connecticut. In 1822, the same year 
 in which he saw this Greek Ν. T. through the press, he published the first edi- 
 tion of his well-known elementary Greek grammar (Hartford, Huntington & 
 Hopkins), whose exercises consist in great part of extracts from the Greek New 
 Testament. 
 34 
 
THE STEP HAN IC EDITIONS. 35 
 
 H. Drisler's article, Wilson, Peter, in Johnson's Cyclopaedia.) 
 Moreover, Reuss had not seen an edition of 1808, nor does 
 he state his authority. The origin of the error is probably 
 to be seen on p. 137 of Reuss 's Bibliotheca — in a confusion 
 for the moment with the (Scotch or) English printer, Andrew- 
 Wilson. An index error in O'Callaghan's American Bibles, 
 p. 414, of "C. P. Wilson" for " cura P. Wilson," may have 
 added to the confusion. Reuss had seen no edition earlier 
 than 1829. 
 
 This edition of Wilson is a i2mo, pp. 368, with no acces- 
 sory matter ; but bearing on the titlepage the statement that 
 it is " ad exemplar Roberti Stephani accuratissime impres- 
 sum." Dr. Edward Robinson had written to Reuss that " it 
 has no critical value, and probably Prof. Wilson did nothing 
 more than read the proofs." But Reuss found otherwise. He 
 states that out of the 56 differences of moment between the 
 first (1546) and third (1550) editions of R. Stephanus, Wilson 
 retains the reading of the first in 38 places ; also that he de- 
 serts the latter in 22 other places. All which I have verified. 
 The places which Reuss gives in particular may be summar- 
 ized as follows : from the Complutensian New Testament, as 
 retained in Stephanus of 1546, to Erasmus or Elzevir, 10 
 places; from Erasmus, as retained by Stephanus of 1546, to 
 the Complutensian, 2 places ; from the older Stephanus to 
 the later, 6 places ; also, 3 places where the first three Ste- 
 phanus editions agree, but Wilson leaves them all for Elze- 
 vir ; and also one Erasmian reading adopted by Wilson which 
 occurs in neither the Stephanus nor the Elzevir editions. (See 
 Reuss, Bibliotheca, pp. 163, 164.) The places not given in 
 particular can be easily picked out from the lists {idem, pp. 
 50-5 8). 1 An examination of these variations from the Ste- 
 
 1 The places specified in particular by Reuss are as follows : departures from 
 the Complutensian to Erasmus or Elzevir, Matt. 9 : 17, αμφότερα for αμφότεροι; 
 Matt. 26 : 52, άπολοϋνται for άποβανοϋνται ; Mark 1 1 : I , Έηθφαγή for Βτ/θσφαγή ; 
 Matt. 24 : 31, σάλπιγγος φωνής for οάλπιγγος καΐ φωνής; I Pet. 2 : 21, ημών, ήμϊν 
 for υμών, υμϊν; Luke 5 '• ΐξ)> <^ ι^οΐας for ποίας; Matt. 19 : 9> ε ' $ "™ πορνεία 
 for μή έπϊ πορνεία; Matt. 2: : I, same as Mark II : I ; Luke 3 : 2, αρχιερέων 
 for αρχιερέας ; Rom. 2 : 5, omitting κα'ι after άποκολίιψεως. Departures from 
 Erasmus to Complutensian : Acts 12 : 25, Σαϋλος for ΤΙαϋλος [this also in R. Ste• 
 
36 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 phanic editions, without going any farther, will make us 
 agree entirely with Reuss — " editionem hie quoad textum 
 plane singularem reperi " (idem, p. 163). 
 
 Wilson's New Testament has had an enormous circulation, 
 and is still in use by very many. Probably no edition was 
 more commonly used by the mass of clergymen and students 
 from 1823 to 1840. The editions which have come to my 
 knowledge are the following: Hartford, Oliver D. Cooke & 
 Sons, 1822, 1825, 1827, 1829; Philadelphia, Towar & Hogan, 
 1829, 1831 ; Philadelphia, Towar, Hogan & Thompson, 1833 ; 
 Philadelphia, Haswell, Barrington, & Haswell (with other firms, 
 one in Pittsburgh), 1838; Philadelphia, Ed. Barrington & Geo. 
 D. Haswell, not dated, but issued at least as early as 185 1 
 (known by a printer's — not binder's — error in transposing 
 pages 142, 143 with pages 242, 243), and the same corrected, 
 giving the publishers' place of business at 293 Market Street, 
 also again without date, giving the publishers' place at 27 
 North Sixth Street (one of these latter issued in 1854); Phila- 
 delphia, Lippincott, Grambo, & Co., 1854; Philadelphia, J. B. 
 Lippincott, & Co., 1858, 1859, i860; Philadelphia, Claxton, 
 Remsen, & Haffelfinger, 1870, 1880. 
 
 Following Wilson, in the same family, and next also in order 
 of time, comes one of the most remarkable pieces of book- 
 making to be found in modern sacred literature. This pro- 
 fesses to be John Leusden's, with the Latin version of Arias 
 Montanus; also to have Leusden's 1900 select verses marked 
 with a *, besides his f and J, for their several purposes. The 
 title is evidently copied from the Leusden edition of Long 
 
 phanus, 1551] ; 2 Tim. 4 : 13, φελόνην for φαιλόνην. Leaves R. Stephanus 1546 
 for a later R. Stephanus : Mark 8 : 34, έλθεϊν for άκολοιβειν ; Mark 14 : 32, έως 
 προσεϋξωμαι for έως προσείξομαι; Mark 8 : 13, εις το πλοίου for εις πλο'ιον; I Cor. 
 15 : 33> XPV a Q' [sic] for χρηστά ; Phil. 2 : Ι, εΐ τίνα for εΐ τις ; Rev. ΙΟ : 4, μή ταϋτα 
 γράψης for μτ) ταντα γράφης. Leaves Stephanus for Elzevir : Matt. 21 : 7, 
 έπεκάθισαν for 'επεκάθισεν [this also Stephanus 1551]; Coloss. I : 2, Κολοσσαϊς 
 for ΚοΤίασσαϊς ; I Pet. 3 : 21, <J καϊ ήμαςίοτ δ και ^μας. Erasmian unknown to 
 Stephanus or Elzevir, Mark 7 : 26, 'Σνροφοινίκισσα for 'Συροφο'ινισσα. For the 
 differences not particularly mentioned, i. e., the 38 first mentioned above, see 
 Reuss's lists [idem, pp. 50-54). 
 
THE STEPHANIC EDITIONS. Π 
 
 (New York, I82I), 1 so as to have an orthodox and market- 
 catching title for a Greek- Latin edition. It is a l2mo, pp. 775, 
 Greek and Latin in parallel columns, and first published at 
 New York, in 1824, by Collins and Hannay, stereotyped by 
 Hammond Wallis & Co. Reuss {idem, pp. 128, 129), without 
 seeing it, had noted it as a genuine Leusden, on the authority 
 of the late Rev. Dr. C. P. Krauth. But the fact is otherwise, 
 as Reuss would have known had he seen that edition ; for he 
 did detect it in the repetition of 1858. So far from being a 
 Leusden, of the Elzevir family, it is nothing but a Wilson, 
 from plates that the stereotyper (who two years before had 
 stereotyped Wilson) could easily furnish, and apparently did ; 
 with scarcely more alteration than to cut them in half length- 
 wise, so as to fit the pieces alongside the Latin column. Wil- 
 son, however, is altered in one place, viz., by inserting the 
 verse Luke 17 : 36, so as to accommodate the Latin and tally 
 better with the real Leusden editions. But besides the gene- 
 ral falsehood of the title, these minor statements about the 
 1900 select verses marked with a *, and the f, and the %, are 
 false likewise. No trace whatever of any of them appears in 
 the text. 
 
 O'Callaghan (Amer. Bibles, p. 368), first finding this book in 
 its issue of 1858, unsuspectingly and innocently remarks that 
 it inverts the order of the verses Matt. 23 : 13, 14; not know- 
 ing that this inversion was one of the distinguishing charac- 
 teristics of a family of texts different from Leusden. 
 
 The deceptive character of this edition is equalled only by 
 the extent of its success. The first spurious Leusden of 1675 
 (see p. 23, note) furnishes no adequate parallel. It is still in 
 print, apparently from the very same plates as at first, and still 
 finds a ready market. I am informed by the Philadelphia 
 booksellers that this edition, together with Wilson's and the 
 Polymicrian, are the ones which the new crop of students, 
 
 1 Long was employed as a printer by Collins & Hannay for other publications. 
 The names of Collins, Hannay, Long, and Dean all appear on the titlepage in 
 some books. For instance, the fifth American edition of Valpy's Elements of 
 Greek Grammar, with additions, etc., by Charles Anthon, New York, 1825, bears 
 as' its imprint, "Evert Duyckinck, George Long, Collins & Co., and Collins & 
 Hannay. W. E. Dean, printer." 
 
38 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 every autumn, chiefly purchase. It may readily be recognized 
 by a mistake in the title to Matthew, where an still holds the 
 place of a Θ, as it has done from the beginning. 
 
 The other issues which have come to my knowledge are : 
 New York, Collins & Hannay, 1831; New York, B. & S. 
 Collins, 1835 ; New York, Collins, Keese, & Co. (W. E. Dean, 
 printer), 1836, 1838; New York, W. E. Dean, also Collins, 
 1840; New York, W. E. Dean, 1844, 1849, 185 1, 1852, 1853 ; 
 Philadelphia, Lippincott, Grambo, & Co., 1855 ; Philadelphia, 
 J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1858, 1859, i860, 1863, 1865, 1875, 
 1876, 1878, 1880, 1882. Wilson under false colors has had a 
 circulation rather more extended than Wilson under the true. 
 
 Whatever doubt may be entertained respecting the pro- 
 priety of classing the two preceding publications among the 
 Stephanie editions, none can exist with regard to the issue of 
 Dr. F. H. A. Scrivener's convenient manual, issued by Henry 
 Holt, & Co., at New York, 1879. It is bound up with the 
 Rev. Thomas Sheldon Green's revision of Greenfield's Lexi- 
 con. Both are impressions of the English plates. 
 
 Scrivener's Manual, as is well known, is a reprint (at the 
 Cambridge University Press, England, i6mo, pp. viii. 598) 
 of the third edition (1550) of Robert Stephens, with foot- 
 notes showing the different readings of noted critical editors, 
 and a different type in the text to mark the variant places. It 
 first appeared in 1859, and has reached at least its ninth edi- 
 tion; those of 1873 and later having been considerably revised 
 — the later ones chiefly by substituting actual Beza readings for 
 the false ones in the earlier editions. The authority for these 
 readings Scrivener gives in the earlier editions as "Bezae 
 1565 ;" but in the edition of 1873, after his errors had been 
 pointed out by Dr. Ezra Abbot in 1872, he changed it to 
 "Bezae 1565. (Lond.)." In the edition of 1877 it is again 
 simply "Bezae 1565," dropping the "(Lond.);" as the errors 
 had been now corrected (but not entirely, however, and with 
 some new ones committed) in the stereotype plates. A com- 
 parison of the earlier and later Scrivener editions with his 
 "list of those places, in which our translation agrees with 
 
THE STEPHANIC EDITIONS. 39 
 
 Beza's New Testament against that of Stephens," in his Sup- 
 plement to the Authorized Version of the English Ν. T. (Lon- 
 don, 1845), pp. 7, 8 (compare the foot-note, p. 8), discloses a 
 few indications that his collation employed in the earlier edi- 
 tions was made at least as long ago as 1845 ; and it is not im- 
 probable that either a false titlepage or his own memory has 
 served him a bad turn. At all events, the text which he used 
 for those earlier editions of his Greek New Testament was 
 quite different from any Beza; and it will puzzle the most 
 acute bibliographer either to find a London Beza of 1565 or 
 to account for its existence. In the third (1883) edition of 
 Scrivener's Plain Introduction (p. 440, note 2), he says of this 
 hypothetical book : " It is doubtless an unauthorized and very 
 poor reprint in quarto of the edition of 1556." But the edi- 
 tion of 1556 contained no Greek text, but only Latin. And 
 the supposition that it was a quarto excludes the suggestion 
 (made to me by one of Dr. Scrivener's learned countrymen)' 
 that the book was an actual Geneva impression with a Lon- 
 don imprint. But this suggestion is inconsistent with the 
 textual phenomena as well. 
 
 A professed reprint from this edition of Scrivener is a work 
 with the following title : " The Epistle to the Romans, in 
 Greek, in which the Text of Robert Stephens, Third Edition, 
 is compared with the Text of the Elzevirs, Lachmann, Alford, 
 Tregelles, Teschendorf, and Westcott, and with the chief un- 
 cial and cursive MSS., together with references to the New 
 Testament Grammars of Winer and Buttmann. By Henry 
 A. Buttz, professor of New Testament Exegesis in Drew The- 
 ological Seminary. New York : Nelson & Phillips. Cincin- 
 nati : Hitchcock & Walden. 1876." It is an 8vo, pp. 42 ; and 
 contains Scrivener's text and margin, with a compilation, in 
 the shape of foot-notes, from Alford and others. It was " in- 
 tended as the beginning of an edition of the entire Greek 
 Testament with textual and grammatical references ;" but the 
 work has not been continued. Its comparisons with Westcott 
 appear to be based on so much of Westcott & Hort's text as 
 appeared in Dr. C. J. Vaughan's Romans (London, Macmillan 
 
4-0 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 & Co., 4th ed., 1 873) ; and the grammatical references closely 
 correspond with Professor J. H. Thayer's indexes in his trans- 
 lations of Winer and Buttmann. A second edition of Prof. 
 Buttz's work appeared in 1877, and a third in 1879; the same 
 place and publishers. 
 
VI. THE KNAPP EDITIONS. 
 
 Knapp's text was the next to make its appearance ; in the 
 shape of a Harmony of the Gospels constructed by Dr. Ed- 
 ward Robinson " in the general order of Le Clerc and New- 
 come," and with Newcome's notes ; published at Andover, by 
 Gould & Newman (also New York, Lord, Leavitt, & Co.), in 
 1834; 8vo, pp. xxviii. 328. It has also Knapp's various read- 
 ings ; and two appendixes, giving, severally, Dr. Benson's and 
 Dr. Lardner's manner of harmonizing the accounts of Christ's 
 resurrection. Knapp's fourth edition 1 is apparently the text 
 here followed. Knapp's text differed somewhat from Gries- 
 bach, but seems to have inserted only one reading peculiar 
 to himself; the other variants coming from other less known 
 editors, among whom Mace (1729, published anonymously — 
 too much censured in his own time, and too much neglected 
 later) seems to be chiefly followed. Knapp's editions were 
 published at Halle in 1797, 181 3, 1824, 1829, 1840, besides a 
 Greek-German one at Berlin in 1837. The second and third 
 are identical ; and so, again, are the fourth and fifth. The 
 fourth edition has been very extensively imported and used 
 in America ; and a copy is to be seen in the library of almost 
 every scholar who has passed middle life. It is still a pleasant 
 book to use. 
 
 Knapp's text again appeared in " The Student's New Tes- 
 tament," edited by R. B. Patton, and published by Charles 
 Starr, New York, 1835. It was printed on ruled writing- 
 paper with very wide margins (the edition being intended for 
 
 1 That is, the fourth genuine Knapp. The edition published by Valpy, Lon- 
 don, 1824, though called "fourth edition," is really an altered reprint of the 
 third. 
 
 41 
 
42 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 note-taking students), and so arranged that a verse always 
 ends at the foot of a page. Otherwise this edition keeps 
 Knapp's paragraphs, also his spaces to mark sub-paragraphs 
 (like Bengel's before Knapp, and Westcott & Hort's more 
 recently) ; with his other conveniences and accessory mat- 
 ter. It has also a preface by Patton. It is a reproduction 
 of Knapp's fourth edition entire, " with the exception of the 
 Latin arguments of the chapters, at the bottom of the page." 
 This edition, stereotyped, was issued again at New York by 
 J. C. Riker, in 1845 (styled falsely "Editio Prima Americana 
 Stereotypa " on the titlepage), and by the same again, without 
 date. It was to be had either separately or bound up with 
 the English Old Testament, printed on the same ruled paper 
 with broad margins. The whole formed "The Student's 
 Bible." It was a large 4to, the New Testament having pp. 
 xix., foil. 234, pp. 235-248. In some copies of each issue, 
 the leaves containing the text are printed upon one side only, 
 and that portion has the folios (only) numbered. But other 
 copies of each issue have both sides printed upon, and, of 
 course, all the pages (248) numbered. In the latter form the 
 book has scarcely half the thickness of the other. 
 
VII. THE BLOOMFIELD EDITIONS. 
 
 The next family to appear were the Bloomfields. The 
 American edition of Bloomfield (2 vols. 8vo, pp. xxxii. 597, 
 631) appeared at Boston in 1837, under the superintendence 
 of Moses Stuart, and with a preface by him. The titlepage 
 reads as follows: "Ή ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. The Greek Tes- 
 tament, with English Notes, critical, philological, and exeget- 
 ical, partly selected and arranged from the best commentators, 
 ancient and modern, but chiefly original. The whole being 
 especially adapted to the use of Academical Students, Candi- 
 dates for the Sacred Office, and Ministers ; though also in- 
 tended as a manual edition for the use of theological readers 
 in general. By the Rev. S. T. Bloomfield, D. D., F. S. Α., 
 vicar of Bisbrooke, Rutland. First American from the sec- 
 ond London edition. In two volumes. . . . Boston : Pub- 
 lished by Perkins and Marvin. Philadelphia : Henry Perkins. 
 1837." The " Preface to the American Edition" is dated " Oc- 
 tober 1st, 1836," and the work is said to have actually appeared 
 in that year. Some copies insert, between the Boston and 
 Philadelphia publishers' names, the words " New York : 
 Gould and Newman." 
 
 It is not an easy matter to trace or to enumerate all the re- 
 issues. They are all from the same plates, which ever since 
 the dissolution of the Boston firm, about 1842, have been in 
 the possession of Henry Perkins, of Philadelphia, who was a 
 brother of Benjamin Perkins, of the firm of Perkins & Mar- 
 vin. The most diligent search has failed to discover any 
 copy of the second, third, or fourth edition ; or any edition 
 after the fifth until we come to the fourteenth. Whether edi- 
 tions with these undiscovered numbers ever existed or not, I 
 am unable, nor is the owner of the stereotype plates able, to 
 
 43 
 
44 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 tell. The suggestion naturally presents itself that the Amer- 
 ican publishers counted the English editions as members of 
 the series ; but there are several difficulties in the way of that 
 explanation, one of which difficulties is to determine the 
 method — whether based on fact or on fiction — which could 
 have been followed in such counting. Not only the Amer- 
 ican but the English Bloomfields are a vexation to the bibli- 
 ographer. 
 
 Besides the changes in the imprint, the title appears in a 
 somewhat abbreviated form in the later editions. The sub- 
 sequent issues which I have traced are the following : fifth 
 American edition, Philadelphia, Perkins & Purves, 1 843 ; the 
 same, Philadelphia, H. Perkins, Boston, Benjamin Perkins, 
 1846; the same, Boston, Perkins, Philadelphia, H. Perkins, 
 1848; the same, Philadelphia, H. Perkins, Boston, Perkins & 
 Marvin [sic], 1848; the same, Philadelphia, H. Perkins, Bos- 
 ton, Benjamin Perkins, 1848; the same, Philadelphia, Clark 
 & Hesser, 1854; the same, Philadelphia, H. C. Peck & Theo. 
 Bliss, 1854 (making thus far two forms of the " first Amer- 
 ican edition " and seven forms of the " fifth American edi- 
 tion"); Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1856, edition-number not 
 known; 14th edition, Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1868, 1869, 
 1870. I have also learned that several issues appeared be- 
 tween 1856 and 1 868, all bearing the imprint of Lippincott, 
 Philadelphia, but their dates and edition-numbers I have been 
 unable to ascertain. 
 
 As to text, this book is to be considered as an altered Mill, 
 notwithstanding its bracketed insertions in the text from vari- 
 ous sources. It is more noteworthy as a multum in parvo 
 commentary (of high ecclesiastical color) than as a text, but 
 it has little critical merit of the desirable sort. Its mention 
 of the readings of the MSS. is made in a manner so loose and 
 careless, that the natural expansion thereof in the ninth edi- 
 tion (London, 1855) results in many statements wholly imag- 
 inary ; such, for example, as citing the Vatican MS. in a por- 
 tion of the New Testament where that MS. is lacking. 1 (See, 
 
 1 That, however, is scarcely equal to the Lord Bishop of London's remark in 
 The Speaker's Commentary on I Tim. 3:16 (N. T. vol. iii. p. 780) : " The Vati- 
 
THE BLOOMFIELD EDITIONS. 45 
 
 for example, the note on 2 Timothy 2:3, where this is done 
 with not only that MS. but others also. Also, note on 2 Cor- 
 inthians 5 : 12, where a pretended quotation is similarly made 
 from the Alexandrine MS. — which lacks 2 Cor. 4 : 1 3 to 1 2 : 6.) 
 The first original Bloomfield appeared at London in 1832 ; the 
 second, much amended and improved, in 1836. It is this sec- 
 ond edition which is reproduced in the American edition. But 
 all the Bloomfield editions are as nearly worthless as it is pos- 
 sible for such a large and laborious work to be. It is not that 
 they do not contain an abundance of good matter, but the 
 good is so hopelessly mixed up with the bad and the inac- 
 curate, that they are not fit for the learner, nor worth sifting 
 by the learned. 
 
 Bloomfield's minor edition (London, several editions be- 
 tween 1840 and i860), i2mo, was imported by Lippincott, 
 and is said to be sometimes seen with their imprint, but I have 
 seen it with their name only on the back of the bound volume. 
 I do not know that this edition has ever been reprinted in 
 America. (For the curious matter of its readings — their al- 
 leged agreement with and actual difference from the larger 
 editions — see Reuss, Biblioth. Ν. T. Gr., p. 238.) 
 
 can MS. cannot be appealed to [»'. e. as to whether the reading is δς, or θεός], be- 
 cause the jealousy of Rome has prevented accurate collation, and the edition 
 published by Cardinal Mai proves to be not so much a faithful reproduction of 
 the MS. as an edition of the New Testament grounded upon it." The Lord 
 Bishop surely ought to know that the Vatican MS. does not contain the Pas- 
 toral Epistles. 
 
IX. THE HAHN EDITIONS. 
 
 Robinson's Hahn, 1 the next in order, is almost too well 
 known to need description ; but it is rapidly being crowded 
 out by later critical works, and may cease before long to be 
 familiar. It is a reprint of Augustus Hahn's recension of the 
 edition of John Augustus Henry Tittmann; differing from 
 Hahn's edition of 1840 (Leipzig, Tauchnitz) only by an "Ad- 
 vertisement" of Dr. Edward Robinson's dated May 10, 1842, 
 and by giving the " Notices of the Principal Manuscripts and 
 other Helps for the Criticism of the Greek Text of the New 
 Testament " in English, instead of Latin. It retains the mar- 
 ginal notes of the original, which consist of various readings 
 of other critical editors, with parallel Scripture references. 
 The address of Tittmann to the kind reader (" L. B. S."), 
 dated Leipzig, 25 Nov., 1819, and that of Hahn, dated Wrat- 
 islaw, 12 May, 1840, are retained in Latin. The book is a 
 i2mo, pp. xxviii. 508. 
 
 This edition, called " Editio Stereotypa Americana " on the 
 titlepage, first appeared in 1842, with three different forms of 
 the imprint, two of them dated. The imprint of the undated 
 issue was " New York : Leavitt & Allen," and this was often 
 reissued. The others bore the imprint of " New York : Leavitt 
 & Trow ; Boston : Crocker and Brewster," and " Boston : Crock- 
 er & Brewster. New York : Leavitt & Trow," respectively. 
 That is, they bore the same names, but in reversed order. The 
 other dated issues, as far as I have been able to trace them, 
 are the following : New York, Leavitt & Trow ; Boston, Crock- 
 er & Brewster, 1 845 ; and another issue by the same, the same 
 year, in 8vo ; New York, Leavitt & Allen, 1854, 1855, 1857; 
 
 1 All the American Hahn texts are the earlier. The later Hahn text, 1861, 
 etc., has not been reprinted here. 
 46 
 
THE HAHN EDITIONS. 47 
 
 New York, Appleton, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1870, 1872, 1875, 1880. 
 The book had a circulation as respectable as it was extensive, 
 but the day of its preference as a critical edition has long been 
 passed. 
 
 Robinson's Harmony (8vo, pp. xx. 235) naturally belongs to 
 the same text. This, Robinson's own arrangement and Hahn's 
 text, was published at Boston by Crocker & Brewster, in 1845. 
 A Revised edition, differing from the first chiefly in the. sched- 
 ule of events in the Passion Week, was issued by the same 
 publishers at the same place, 185 1, 1853, 1857, 1859, 1862, 
 1865, 1872; also Boston, Houghton, Osgood*, & Co., 1879; 
 Boston, Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., 1879, 1882. In its time, 
 this Harmony easily distanced all others in America in pop- 
 ularity, if not in merit. It was the lineal successor and 
 descendant, so to speak, of the first Harmony published in 
 America ; and the memory of its author is still a power in its 
 circulation. But the progress of Biblical science does not stop 
 with any one generation or its acquisitions. 
 
 Another specimen of the Hahn text appears in the " Col- 
 lectanea Evangelica," or selections from the Gospels, with a 
 passage or two from the Acts, arranged in " chronological 
 order " so as to form a connected history of the principal 
 events in the life and ministry of Christ. Its compiler is 
 N. C. Brooks, A.M., then principal of the high school in Bal- 
 timore, afterwards LL.D., and president of the (Methodist) 
 Baltimore Female College. The " Collectanea " was intended 
 as a school-book, 1 and is provided with notes and a lexico,n. 
 It is a rather small l6mo, pp. 210, published at Baltimore, 
 1847, two editions the same year, by Cushing & Brother, also 
 Sorin & Ball at Philadelphia ; third edition, New York, A. S. 
 Barnes & Co., also Cincinnati, H. W. Derby & Co., 1849. The 
 stereotype plates were made in New York. 
 
 1 One of a series of school-books edited by the compiler ; a series recom- 
 mended by Edgar A. Poe, then editor of the Broadway yournal, Ν. Y. His 
 recommendation is printed in the fly-leaves of the first two editions of the 
 " Collectanea." 
 
48 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 In 1 87 1 this book was again issued from the same plates, 
 but with a new titlepage, a new name, a new copyright note, 
 a new dedication to a different person, and a shortened 
 preface. This time it is the " Harmonia Evangelica : a Greek 
 Harmony of the Four Gospels ;" but in the Dedication it is 
 called also a " Monotessaron." It was issued at Philadelphia, 
 by Claxton, Remsen, and Haffelfinger. The sub-title on the 
 first page of the text, and the running titles at the top of the 
 pages, are changed to correspond. 
 
 To the same Hahn text conform also Owen's edition of the 
 Acts of the Apostles, 1 with notes and vocabulary; i2mo, pp. 
 xii. 276, New York, Leavitt, 1850, 1852, 1856; New York, 
 Appleton, 1869, 1875, 1876, 1882; and chiefly also Professor 
 Samuel H. Turner's 2 editions of several Epistles, with Eng- 
 lish translation, and a commentary. These were, Hebrews, 
 pp. viii. 186, New York, Stanford & Swords, 1852, and again 
 
 1 John Jason Owen, D.D., LL.D., b. 1803 at Colebrook, Connecticut; grad- 
 uated at Middlebury College, Vermont, 1S29, and at Andover Theological Sem- 
 inary, 1 83 1 ; president of Cornelius Institute, New York; professor of Latin and 
 Greek in New York Free Academy, 1848, and its vice-principal in 1853; vice- 
 president of the College of the City of New York, 1866; d. at New York, 
 1869. His editions of Xenophon's Anabasis and Cyropaedia, of the Iliad, 
 the Odyssey, and Thucydides (Peloponnesian War), his Greek Reader, 
 and his Commentary on the Gospels, were familiar to most American 
 students not many years ago, and have not yet gone entirely out of use. 
 It is of this edition of the Acts that "J. H. W." thus speaks in M'Clintock 
 &* Strong's Cyclopedia, vol. vii. p. 496 : " It was a frequent comment of Prof. 
 Owen's that theological students were unable to combine the study of Greek and 
 of the Bible at the same time, to remedy which he finally translated the Acts of 
 the Apostles into Greek, appending a dictionary of the words in the same lan- 
 guage." Dr. Owen's scholarly work has, however, met with a very competent 
 and sensible, as well as wide, appreciation. 
 
 2 Samuel Hulbeart Turner, D.D., b. at Philadelphia, 1790; graduated at the 
 University of Pennsylvania 1807 ; professor in the General (Episcopal) Theo- 
 logical Seminary, New York, 1818-20, and again 1821 till his death; also pro- 
 fessor of Hebrew in Columbia' College from 1S31 ; d. at New York, 1861. Be- 
 sides the works here noticed, Professor Turner was the author of a Companion 
 to the Book of Genesis, Biographical Notices of Distinguished Rabbis, Parallel 
 References Illustrative of the New Testament, The Gospels according to the 
 Ammonian sections and the Tables of Eusebius (translated from the Oxford 
 Greek edition of 1805), and several other works of kindred character and 
 merit. 
 
THE HAHN EDITIONS. 49 
 
 1855 ; Romans, pp. xvi. 252, New York, Stanford & Swords, 
 1853, again, 1855, and again, New York, Randolph, 1859; 
 Galatians, pp. xiii. 98, New York, Dana & Co., 1856; Ephe- 
 sians, pp. xix. 198, New York, Dana & Co., 1856; all in 
 8vo. All these are known as works of high character. Tur- 
 ner's works deal largely with questions of textual criticism ; 
 many pages being almost wholly occupied in their dis- 
 cussion. 
 4 
 
X. MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 In 1830 appeared "The Gospel of St. John, in Greek and 
 English, interlined and literally translated : with a transposi- 
 tion of the words into their due order of construction ; and a 
 dictionary defining and parsing them : principally designed 
 for the use of schools. By E. Friederici. New York : pub- 
 lished for the author, by G. F. Bunce, 224 Cherry St." i6mo, 
 pp. 176, 2 leaves. I have had no opportunity to examine its 
 text. 
 
 In 1 86 1 was published at Philadelphia, by Charles Desilver, 
 an edition of the Gospel of John, i2mo, pp. 292, edited by 
 George William Heilig, containing an " interlinear and an- 
 alytical translation," and a great deal of accessory matter. 
 This was one of the " Hamiltonian System " of school- 
 books, as improved by Thomas Clark. One-half of the 
 book seems to be a reprint of James Hamilton's Gospel of 
 John in Greek, etc., fifth edition, London, 1847; and the 
 other half matter compiled by Heilig from well-known 
 sources, which he states in full. On the right hand page is 
 the text with the interlinear translation; and this portion 
 comprises the reprinted matter. The left hand page con- 
 tains the text again, alongside of the Common English ver- 
 sion (American Bible Society's edition of 1852) and the 
 Roman Catholic (from Cummiskey's Bible, Philadelphia, 
 1840), with Scripture references in the outer and lower mar- 
 gins and grammatical notes at the foot. The grammatical 
 and historical notes are taken from Rev. Dr. C. P. Krauth's 
 translation of Tholuck's Commentary on the Gospel of John 
 (Philadelphia, 1 879). At the end are eight pages of " critical 
 so 
 
MISCELLANE US. 5 I 
 
 annotations." The Greek text is professedly that of Theile, 
 editio stereotypa, Leipzig, Tauchnitz, 1858. 
 
 Theile's text was professedly based on Knapp ; but it is 
 quite a different affair from Knapp, having a very large ele- 
 ment derived from recent critical editors, among whom Gries- 
 bach, Lachmann, Hahn, and Tischendorf hold the chief 
 place. Theile's New Testament {editio stereotypa) is the one 
 which replaced Tittmann in the familiar series of Tauchnitz 
 classics. It has been " usu in Germania tritissima," and not 
 altogether unknown in America. 
 
 Tischendorf's text (ed. viii. crit. maj.) is adopted in the 
 Harmony of the Gospels by Professor Frederic Gardiner, 
 D.D., of the Berkeley Divinity School, Middletown, Connec- 
 ticut. It is an 8vo, published at Andover, by Warren F. 
 Draper, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1875, 1876 (revised ed., pp. lv. 
 268, 64), 1879, 1880. This work has come into quite gen- 
 eral use, and has in a measure superseded and displaced Rob- 
 inson's Harmony ; its differences from the latter having gen- 
 erally a basis of later investigation. It contains several fea- 
 tures which add greatly to the convenience of a work of the 
 sort, such as giving Old Testament references in the original 
 Hebrew, and in the Septuagint Greek when necessary, and, 
 especially, a table which shows at a glance the arrangement 
 of events adopted in the best known or the most widely used 
 Harmonies. Appended is an excellent summary of the 
 " Principles of Textual Criticism," with a " Graphic Table of 
 New Testament Uncials," which last exhibits to the eye at a 
 glance the uncial record of every passage in the New Tes- 
 tament. 
 
 In 1879, but without date, was issued "A | CRITICAL 
 AND DOCTRINAL COMMENTARY | upon the | Epis- 
 tle of St. Paul to the Romans. | By | William G. T. 
 Shedd, D. D., I Roosevelt Professor of Systematic Theology 
 in Union | Theological Seminary, New York. | New York: 
 Charles Scribner's Sons, | 743 and 745 Broadway." 8vo, 
 pp. viii. 439. The author says (Preface, p. v.) : " I have adopted 
 
52 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 the text of Lachmann, with such modifications, chiefly from 
 Tischendorf, as would probably have been made by Lach- 
 mann, if he had had access to those manuscripts that have 
 been brought to light by the industry and skill of Tischen- 
 dorf." Reasons for adopting this or that reading of the text 
 are carefully, but briefly, given in the notes ; sometimes ex- 
 plaining a retention of Lachmann's reading, as that of εχομεν 
 in chap. 5 : I. This reading (preferred also by the American 
 Committee of Revision of the English New Testament) is 
 retained chiefly "for dogmatic reasons," the evidence being 
 otherwise deemed sufficient. The reading of Lachmann's ear- 
 lier edition (183 1 ) is εχωμεν; that of his second (larger edi- 
 tion, 2d vol. 1850), εχομεν} 
 
 The rest of the list seems to be made up of reprints of 
 European editions, or of editions printed in Europe, but bear- 
 ing the name and place of an American publisher. 
 
 The 8vo edition of Cardinal Angelo Mai's New Testament 
 after the Vatican Manuscript (the Leipzig reprint for London 
 booksellers) was reissued in New York by D. Appleton & 
 Co., in 1859, from the same (German or) English plates. An 
 edition is said to have been issued, also, with the imprint of 
 Warren F. Draper, of Andover; but Mr. Draper is not sure 
 about it himself. He intended to have one, and took some 
 steps to obtain it, but thinks that he contented himself with 
 those which bear Appleton's imprint. The foreign issue bears 
 the imprint of Williams & Norgate, London and Edinburgh, 
 and D. Nutt, London. 
 
 Β. H. Cowper's edition of the Codex Alexandrinus, with 
 the defects of that MS. supplied from Kiister's Mill, published 
 at London, but actually printed by B. G. Teubner at Leipzig, 
 is also to be mentioned here. It bears the imprint : " Londkii 
 
 'Tischendorf (Ν. T. Gr., ed. viii. crit. maj., torn, ii., p. 385, note) says, Lach- 
 mann "mutavit autem lectionem quum ignoraret Β eiusdem [Ιχωμεν] testem 
 esse." Lachmann's own note in his larger ed. (torn, ii., p. 269) is : " εχομεν 
 BGr, εχωμεν ACA/gv;" an error which must, at that date, have arisen from 
 ignorance only, and not from lack of diligence. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. S3 
 
 venumdant Williams & Norgate, et D. Nutt ; Edinburgh, 
 Williams & Norgate. New York, B. Westermann & Soc." 
 It is dated i860. 8vo, pp. xi. 503. 
 
 The Critical Greek-English New Testament of Bagster 
 (text of Scholz, with various readings from Griesbach, Ste- 
 phens 1550, Beza 1598, Elzevir 1633), i6mo, pp. [vi.] 624, has 
 appeared with the imprint of Wiley, New York, in 1859, 1868, 
 1877, 1880, 1882, 1883, and perhaps other dates, besides many- 
 issues without date. 1 Other issues bear the imprint of Lip- 
 pincott, Philadelphia ; generally, if not always, undated. Some 
 copies bear the imprints of both Wiley and Lippincott ; and 
 of late years, as well as sometimes earlier, the name of Bag- 
 ster is generally omitted from the titlepage of the copies sent 
 to America. Many, if not all, of these impressions without 
 Bagster's name, were actually printed abroad, though the 
 paper of some issues looks as if it were American. They 
 are sometimes bound up with Bagster's (reprint of E. 
 Schmidt's) Greek Concordance, but generally with the New 
 Testament Lexicon of William Greenfield as revised by the 
 Rev. Thomas Sheldon Green, M. A. ; and not infrequently 
 with both these additions. 
 
 This edition has the merit of accurately reproducing the 
 text of Scholz ; a quality which is sometimes wrongly attrib- 
 uted to the Bloomfield editions. A greater merit, however, 
 consists in its various readings ; though its popularity is chiefly 
 due to its clear print, its convenient form, and its bilingual 
 character. The original Scholz was published at Leipzig, by 
 Fleischer, in two large quarto volumes, dated 1830 and 1836, 
 respectively. The editor, Dr. Johann Martin Augustin Scholz, 
 was a theological professor in the Catholic university at Bonn, 
 and was an indefatigable and successful collector of critical 
 
 1 My last inquiry of the New York publishers about recent issues of this book 
 received the reply that their " editions of the Greek Testaments are from Bagster 
 and Sons' stereo, plates, and the date in our editions (Gk. & Eng.) refer only to 
 the time of a new printing." I have generally found that, kind and courteous as 
 publishers have been to communicate information, it is generally impossible for 
 them to furnish the dates of all their issues, except at an expense of time and 
 trouble which it would be unreasonable to ask. 
 
54 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 material. But his text has little merit, nor has it ever met 
 with favor at the hands of critical scholars, except in Protest- 
 ant England during a period of great critical blindness and 
 pietistic prejudice. The critical notes of Scholz generally- 
 appropriate Griesbach outright when there is opportunity; 
 once (see note on I Timothy 3 : 16) in such a manner as inad- 
 vertently to claim the authorship of Griesbach's Symbolcz 
 Criticce. And he is notoriously careless and inaccurate. 
 
 A very great number of editions of Bishop C. J. Ellicott's 
 text and commentary, of several of the Epistles of Paul, have 
 been issued, both separately and in sets, by Warren F. Draper 
 at Andover, at various times from i860 to 1882. Galatians 
 and Ephesians were also issued, each by itself, by [Warren 
 F.] Draper and Halliday at Boston, in 1866, but with the 
 date 1 867. The separate volumes issued by Draper were the 
 following: Galatians, i860, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1870, 1876, 1879; 
 Ephesians, 1862, 1863, 1865, 1866, 1876, 1879; Thessalonians, 
 1864, 1865, 1876; Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon, 1865, 
 1871, 1876, 1882; Pastoral Epistles, 1865, 1876, 1881; the 
 whole set, 1865, 1868, 1871, 1878, 1879, 1880. The success- 
 ive editions were generally revised up to the latest available 
 English improvements. 
 
 Of the original Ellicott's text and Commentary, the early 
 editions appeared in England with the following dates : Gala- 
 tians, 1854, 1859, I§ 63; Ephesians, 1855, 1859, 1864; Philip- 
 pians, Colossians, Philemon, 1857, 1861, 1865 ; Thessalonians, 
 1858, 1862; Pastoral Epistles, 1861, 1864. These have been 
 repeatedly followed by revised editions, almost down to the 
 present date. 
 
 The first volume (Gospels) of Alford's Greek Testament 
 was issued by the Harpers, New York, 1859, 8vo; the entire 
 work by Lee & Shepard, Boston, 1871, and repeatedly. The 
 first Alford appeared in London in successive parts, from 1849 
 to 1859. 1 The original of the first edition by Lee and Shep- 
 
 1 In enumerating the editions of Alford's Gr. Ν. T., the most accurate method, 
 if not the only proper one, is to consider each volume as a work by itself. As 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 55 
 
 ard (at least, of its first volume) was the " fourth edition," and 
 likewise appeared at London in parts, dated respectively 1859, 
 i860, 1 86 1, and 1862. The principal part of the work has 
 passed through six different editions, each with its revisions 
 and corrections, and some of it through a seventh ; the last 
 being stopped by Dean Alford's death (January 12, 1871). It 
 was then printed as a " new edition," and probably stereotyped, 
 as the forms of movable type had been kept standing during 
 the author's lifetime. The American editions of Lee and 
 Shepard have been only the English sheets. Their issues of 
 1874, 1875, 1877 (except vol. iv.), were styled " seventh edition," 
 but (vol. iv. of 1877, with) those of 1878 and later were called 
 " new edition." So far as I have traced these editions, they 
 appeared as follows: 6th edition, 1871, 1872, 1873; 7th edi- 
 tion, 1874, 1875, 1877; "new edition," 1878, 1880, 1881, 1883. 
 
 The edition-numbers of any given date are not always the 
 same in all the volumes or parts. For example, of Lee and 
 Shepard's edition of 1873, volumes i. and ii. are called "sixth 
 edition," and have Dean Alford's "Advertisement to the Sixth 
 Edition ;" volume iii. is called " fifth edition," and volume iv. 
 " fourth edition ;" each having the corresponding author's 
 "Advertisement." Harper's edition of 1859, above-men- 
 tioned, has Dean Alford's "Advertisement to the Third 
 Edition." 
 
 This work has been much esteemed by various classes of 
 students ; and its general value, its critical merit, and its high 
 scholarship, are beyond question. But one who uses it with- 
 out being very careful to verify his references will not infre- 
 quently be misled, and sometimes grossly. 
 
 The abridged edition of Alford, by Β. H. Alford, was issued 
 in 1869 with the imprint of Lippincott, Philadelphia. Its 
 titlepage reads as follows : " Dean Alford's Greek Testament 
 with English Notes (Intended for the upper forms of schools 
 
 far as I have ascertained, the following are the dates of the first appearance of 
 the successive editions of each volume : vol. i., 1849, 1854, 1856, 1859, 1863, 
 1868, 1874; vol. ii., 1852, 1855, 1857, i860, 1865, 1871, 1876; vol. iii., 1856, 
 1861, 1862, 1865, 187L; vol. iv., parts 1 and 2, 1859, 1862, 1866, 1871. I 
 think this list is complete. 
 
ζ6 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 and for pass-men at the Universities) Abridged by Bradley 
 H. Alford, M.A., Vicar of Leavenheath, Colchester; Late 
 Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge. J. B. Lippineott & 
 Co., Philadelphia; Rivingtons, London, Oxford, and Cam- 
 bridge; Deighton, Bell, & Co., Cambridge, 1869." I2ma, pp. 
 xxvii. 644, and 2 pages of " Corrigenda." Other copies, ap- 
 parently imported in sheets, bear Lippincott's name on the 
 back of the binding, but lack his imprint. 
 
 And last, Westcott and Hort's Greek New Testament has 
 been issued by the Harpers, at New York, from, duplicate 
 English plates ; vol. i. in 1881, and vol. ii. in 1882. The work • 
 is an 8vo; vol. i., pp. xc. 580; vol. ii., pp. xxxi. 324, 188. The 
 first volume has a valuable " Introduction to the American 
 Edition," by Philip Schaff, D. D., LL.D., professor in the 
 Union Theological Seminary, New York, and president of 
 the American Bible Revision Committee. With the excep- 
 tion of about four pages which deal specially with the pecu- 
 liarities of this edition, Dr. Schaff's Introduction might be 
 read and studied as an introduction, to the Greek New Testa- 
 ment in general. It contains more matter, much more con- 
 densed, and much more readable, than most treatises which 
 attempt to cover similar ground. 
 
 As to the character of the Greek text itself, it represents 
 the most thorough application of advanced science, and, as a 
 whole, the most recent attainments in textual criticism. If it 
 fails anywhere, it is in too rigid adherence to certain rules of 
 accepting testimony ; or, perhaps we may say, in carrying the 
 application of certain chief and extremely important rules 
 into cases where other rules should govern. But even so, 
 the margin and appendix lay the principal alternatives 
 before the reader. 
 
 But as an edition of the New Testament to read, no 
 edition was ever printed which does so much to help the 
 reader's understanding through the eye. The means by 
 which this has been accomplished are too numerous and 
 skillful to describe at length here. Of published texts, 
 moreover (except perhaps the editions of Scrivener and 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 57 
 
 Palmer respectively, which are designed to exhibit, the one 
 the Greek text of the Common English Version with the 
 variations of the Revised, the other the Greek text of the 
 Revised Version with the variations of the Common ; together 
 with the latest American Polymicrian), no edition approaches 
 so nearly the readings adopted in the Revised English Version. 
 
 The second volume is the most important addition of recent 
 times to the mass, of works on- New Testament criticism. It 
 differs from its predecessors chiefly in the systematizing of 
 critical material and in the elaboration and application of 
 critical principles. The whole work is indispensable to schol- 
 ars ; though it does not supersede the larger storehouses of 
 material, whether treatises, or editions of the New Testament. 
 Yet some of its. extended discussions, as, for example, that 
 on the twelve verses at the end of the Gospel of Mark (pp. 
 28 ff. of Notes on Select Readings), efficiently supplement, and 
 sometimes supersede, all that is to be found in the more 
 copious works. 
 
 The text of vol. i., with the Introduction of Dr. Schaff, was 
 also issued by the same publishers, interleaved with the Re- 
 vised English Version, in 1882. It contains, among other 
 things, a list of the Greek readings where the Revisers of the 
 English Version differ in judgment from Westcott and Hort. 
 
 Before publishing, Westcott and Hort issued successive 
 " confidential " instalments of the Greek text to the members 
 of the Company of Revisers of the English New Testament, 
 and to a few other scholars. The Gospels, with a temporary 
 preface of 28 pages, were thus issued in July, 1871 ; the Acts 
 in February, 1873; the Catholic Epistles in December, 1873; 
 the Pauline Epistles in February, 1875 ; and the Apocalypse 
 in December, 1 876. Thus this edition had almost unexampled 
 opportunities for attaining correctness in detail ; and its typo- 
 graphical accuracy is quite exceptional. A few misprints in 
 the first impressions, ε^.,ίαμων for δμών, Matthew 10:6, have 
 been corrected. Both volumes of the first published edition 
 bear date 1881. They were printed at the University Press at 
 Cambridge, and bear the imprint " Cambridge and London 
 J Macmillan and Co." 
 
58 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 The University Presses of Oxford and Cambridge have 
 issued many a work of which the English nation is justly 
 proud, and for which the Christian world is grateful; but 
 since the noble edition of Mill, no work of either press has 
 done more to bring back from Germany to England her for- 
 mer pre-eminence in New Testament critical study. In the 
 greatest contribution to that end hitherto, not to say the 
 greatest work of this nature in England for a century and a 
 half, the University Presses had scarcely any share. That was 
 the work of Dr. Samuel Prideaux Tregelles, accomplished in 
 the face of the wealth and power that mostly clung to blind 
 tradition ; in toil almost single-handed, in privation, and later 
 with the disadvantage of failing eyes, under far too much 
 misappreciation, perverse opposition, and even obloquy — 
 until his mustard seed had grown to a great herb in which 
 the fowls of the air might build their nests. 1 But had Tre- 
 gelles lived to see the present day, no man would more 
 heartily have rejoiced than he, to see this cap-stone put by 
 Westcott and Hort upon his building. The present state of 
 things in England bears testimony, indeed, to Tregelles's 
 labors, but it bears equal testimony to the numbers that, con- 
 spicuously or humbly, have entered into those labors. It be- 
 longs to all human progress that " one soweth and another 
 reapeth ;" and in this instance, surely, there is abundant cause 
 that " he that soweth and he that reapeth may rejoice to- 
 gether." 
 
 1 Certain early parts of Tregelles's edition of the New Testament are reported 
 by credible witnesses as bearing the imprint of Wiley, New York, and I remem- 
 ber to have seen, a number of years ago, something of the sort myself; but I 
 have not been able lately to obtain information definite enough to warrant fur- 
 ther detailed mention. 
 
XI. THE FOREIGN SUPPLY. 
 
 Every one knows that the American editions by no means 
 comprise the entire supply of Greek Testaments used in this 
 land during the present century. Yet the American editions 
 — especially the non-critical — have had an immense circula- 
 tion amongst three classes: (i.) Those who have revered the 
 textus receptus almost as a matter of religious faith, and have 
 known nothing of its myriad variations. These have been 
 the easiest prey for the vendors of the sham editions. A 
 natural result ; but what a commentary upon their ignorant 
 despising of the labors of conscientious critics ! (2.) Those 
 who cared little for a critical text, and wished only to have a 
 taste of the original flavor for themselves. (3.) The multitude 
 of students who used the New Testament as one of their 
 early aids in acquiring the Greek language. To these 
 
 might be added a fourth : those sermonizers who, not very 
 familiar with the Greek Testament, used the cheapest means 
 for " examining critically," as their phrase is, their sermon 
 text, with the help of lexicon, grammar, and our Common 
 English Version. These, of course, were the least excusable 
 and the least profited of all. 
 
 But of the foreign editions most current here in the first 
 half of this century, the popular ones would seem to be the 
 various Scotch and English editions based on Mill, the Greek- 
 Latin reprints of Leusden by the Wetsteins and by Wingrave, 
 etc., with the Knapp and Scholz editions. The students had 
 their Valpys, and a few others of note as specimens of vo- 
 luminous book-making, very much as they now have their 
 Wordsworth. Burton was used a little ; and it is within the 
 course of the present generation that Webster and Wilkinson, 
 used a little, gave way to Alford for those who could afford 
 
 59 
 
6θ AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 it. The era of general discrimination, in respect to either 
 text or commentary, did not arrive much before the present 
 generation ; and those who could and did discriminate, were 
 apt to love the masters of the sixteenth century better than 
 their pigmy followers. 
 
 Meanwhile, for popular use, Tischendorf was beginning to 
 eclipse all others, with the rather feeble rivalry of Scrivener. 
 The larger editions of Griesbach, Scholz, Tischendorf, and 
 Tregelles, like their predecessors, Mill, Bengel, Wetstein, have 
 always been within the reach of the better scholars, though 
 their popular circulation was never contemplated. 
 
 At present, the popular preference for Scrivener's conve- 
 nient manual seems to suffer some diminution, owing to the 
 Greek New Testaments edited by Scrivener and Palmer, re- 
 spectively, exhibiting the readings adopted by the Revisers, 
 and to the " Parallel New Testaments," by the same editors, 
 which exhibit the same Greek text and margins, together with 
 the Common and the Revised English Versions. Popular 
 use seems to demand some edition which will furnish the 
 Greek readings adopted or preferred by the Revisers, and fa- 
 cilitate a comparison between the Common and the Revised 
 Versions. Of the four editions (or rather, five, for Palmer's 
 with the Greek only appears in two forms) just mentioned, 
 Palmer's, seems to be everywhere — and naturally — preferred ; 
 for its Greek text is that of the Revised Version, with the 
 variants in the margin, while Scrivener's gives generally the 
 Greek text of the Common Version, with the readings of the 
 Revised in the margin. 1 
 
 1 The scholars have the same preference, on additional grounds. Scrivener's 
 presents the text of Beza's folio of 1598, with an Appendix of variations where 
 the Revisers of 161 1 appear to have adopted a different text. These variations 
 are those found in other editions of Beza, in the Complutensian, the Aldine, 
 Erasmus, Colinaeus, the Latin Vulgate, Tyndale of 1526, and the English of 
 1611. But he ignores the minor, 8vo, editions of Beza, 1565, 1567, 1580, 1590, 
 1604, which are much nearer the Authorized Version than the folios. If Scriv- 
 ener had taken these minor editions into consideration (as the Revisers of 161 1 
 must have done), he would perhaps have selected a different edition as the text 
 " more likely than any other to be in the hands of King James's revisers, and to 
 be accepted by them as the best standard within their reach " {Parallel Ν. T., p. 
 xxiv. ; or ed. with Greek text alone, p. vii.). At all events, his Appendix would 
 
THE FOREIGN SUPPLY. 6 1 
 
 But it is quite plain that the choice of the bulk of students, 
 in the matter of a manual, lies between Westcott and Hort, 
 
 have had an entirely different complexion, and have shown that where his " Β " 
 stands for " all the editions" of Beza, it is oftener in error than not. As it is, 
 his Appendix is not quite free from error on its own basis. (I speak on these 
 points from personal examination, having also in my own library all of the 
 ten editions of Beza except the minor ones of 1565 and 1590.) Fur- 
 
 ther, he adheres to his former error of considering the GreeU-Latin New Tes- 
 tament of Barbirius and Courteau (Basil., 1559, 1560; and Tiguri, without 
 publisher's name, 1559) as a Beza edition. That edition indeed contains Beza's 
 Latin Version, but not his Greek text. The error had been committed by others 
 before Scrivener (e. g. John Leusden, Philologus Hebr.-Grac, p. 62), but it was 
 exposed more than a century ago by Masch {Biblioth. Sacr., Pars I. Cap. II. 
 Sect. II. \ XXXV., Editiones Bezance spuria ; compare Pars II. Vol. III. Cap. 
 III. Sect. II. §16), more recently (1872) by Reuss, and again repeatedly by 
 others since Scrivener fell into it in 1874 {Plain Introd., 2d ed., p. 390). 
 
 But the depths of Scrivener's mystification and confusion over the Beza edi- 
 tions are not reached in these works of his that are cited above. In the third- 
 edition (1883) of his Plain Introduction (p. 440, notes I and 2) sundry positions 
 are taken which are not to be reconciled either with iiis former positions or with 
 the facts. He tacitly abandons his former opinion that the Pseudo-Beza of 1559 
 (also 1560) was Beza's first edition, and takes the edition of 1556 as Beza's first, 
 speaking confidently of its Greek text. But the edition of 1556, as already re- 
 marked, contained no Greek text at all. It was part of Robert Stephens's great 
 folio Latin Bible of 1556-57 (the second whole Latin Bible of his divided into 
 the modern verses) containing the Vulgate and the version of Pagninus in the 
 Old Testament, and the Vulgate and the first edition of Beza's Latin Version and 
 Annotations in the New Testament. The New Testament title is dated 1556, its 
 colophon 1557; the Old Testament title is dated 1557. Beza's Latin was not 
 printed with any Greek text till 1559 (in the book above referred to); and that 
 was not Beza's work, but the doing of the enterprising publishers at Basel. Beza's 
 first Greek text was published in 1565. 
 
 Stress is laid by Scrivener, in the notes above cited, upon Beza's own repre- 
 sentation of his editions. But a comparison of Beza's title-pages with his dedi- 
 cations to Queen Elisabeth, in the several folio editions, and with his address to 
 the kind reader in the edition of 1598, shows plainly that Beza's numbering of 
 his editions refers only to his Version and his Annotations. In fact, it might be 
 urged with plausibility, that a strict grammatical construction of the title of the 
 folio editions of 1565 and 1582, if the punctuation is regarded, confines his num- 
 bering to the Annotations alone ; and that a more liberal interpretation, espe- 
 cially, in the face of the known facts, could hardly carry it beyond the preceding 
 "altera, noua [interpretatio], Theodori Bezse, diligenter ab eo recognita." Lit- ' 
 eratim et punctatim, the title to the 1565 edition (or so much of it as we have 
 here to deal with) runs thus : " IESV CHRISTI D. N. | Nouum testamentum, | 
 sine Nouum fcedus. | Cuius Grseco textui respondent interpretationes duae : | vna, 
 vetus : altera, noua, Theodori Bezze, di- | ligenter ab eo recognita. [ eivsdem th. 
 
62 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 on the one hand, and Von Gebhardt's Teschendorf, on the 
 other. The fact is encouraging, for it shows decidedly the 
 advance of New Testament scholarship, not to say the prog- 
 ress of correct ideas. Westcott and Hort's edition will win 
 and hold its place by sheer merit ; but the additional con- 
 veniences found in Von Gebhardt (the various readings of 
 Tregelles and of Westcott and Hort, the parallel references, 
 
 bezae ΑΝΝΟΤΛ- \ Hones, quas itidem hac secunda editione recognouit, | <Sr= acces- 
 stone non farua locupletauit." Now, cheerfully granting that all this is to be 
 construed liberally, as applying to a second edition of Beza's work, it is perfectly 
 consistent with the fact that the Greek text was not in the former edition, to say 
 the least. To be more liberal, and insist that this means a second edition of 
 Beza's Greek text, is to make the man stultify himself. But Beza has not done 
 so. The Dedications to Queen Elisabeth, in the several editions, refer to the 
 earliest edition as if to a Latin version with annotations, only. Thus, in the 
 Dedication in the edition of 1565, Beza says; "Annus iam agitur octauus ex 
 quo nostram hanc noui Testamenti vel potius Foederis versionem, additis annota- 
 tionibus, aggressus," and he follows that theme as his main one. Of course 
 Beza's notes of time bring us back to 1556 or 1557 as the date of that first edi- 
 tion — of Latin text and Annotations, which is all there was of it. Nor is there 
 anything in the title (or elsewhere) of the- subsequent editions which, read with- 
 out perversion, is inconsistent with or contradictory to the facts. To lay stress 
 (which I cannot think Dr. Scrivener does) on the phrase " Grceco contextu" in 
 his quotation [idem) from Beza's edition of 1598, as if it meant a Greek text 
 printed with the Latin one of 1556, would be to claim for Beza an equally early 
 use of the Syriac version (which was first used in the edition of 1582), and to 
 follow a wrong track altogether. 
 
 I have looked a little to see if I could find any early authority for this error ; 
 but among the older writers I have seen only the following in the second edition 
 (1723, fol.) of Le Long's Bibliotheca Sacra, torn. ii. p. 638, in the list of Biblical 
 works by Beza: '"]. Annotationes majores in Novum Testamentum una cum 
 textu Grteco & versione sua Latina, in fol. Geneva: 1556. 1565. 1582. 1588. 
 1598." But here the " 1556" is an inadvertence merely; for Le Long repeat- 
 edly shows that he knew better. He notices no such Greek-Latin book else- 
 where, though he several times, in different connections, states that Beza's Latin 
 Version and Annotations were first printed in 1556; besides correctly describing, 
 in proper place, the work in which they are found. Moreover, in describing 
 Beza's Greek-Latin New Testament of 1565, he quotes (verbatim, but not quite 
 literatim) from its title as follows, inserting the parenthesis with italicized words : 
 " Ejusdem Theod. BeziE annotationes, quas itidem hac secunda editione (prima 
 enim est anni 1556, absque textu Grceco) recognovit, & accessione non parva 
 locupletavit." In Le Long's first edition (Antwerp, 1709, l6mo) he has no such 
 error, but gives the descriptions and statements just referred to in about the same 
 words, even to the parenthesis with "prima enim est anni /55ο, absque textu 
 Graco." 
 
THE FOREIGN SUPPLY. 63 
 
 the "Adnotatio Critica," and the greater ease of finding a 
 place — a matter in which German books surpass so com- 
 pletely the clumsy English, and too often American, con- 
 trivances) will make it the favorite of many for habitual use, 
 though they might prefer Westcott and Hort for continuous 
 reading, and for the matter found in the second volume. Ac- 
 cording to the Rev. Dr. Carl Bertheau of Hamburg, who is 
 no mean authority in such matters, Von Gebhardt's edition is 
 quite an immaculate book in respect to typography. In a 
 communication to the (Leipzig) Theologische Literaturzeitung 
 of Harnack and Schurer, 2 December, 1882, pp. 560, 561, 
 after mentioning the correction of an iota dropped in some 
 impressions, Bertheau says : " Im ubrigen ist uns kein Fehler 
 im Drucke dieser Ausgabe vorgekommen oder sonst bekannt 
 geworden." And he goes on : " Sie wird jetzt . . . als die 
 empfehlenswertheste Handausgabe des Ν. T. gr. zu gelten 
 haben" (he is speaking, however, of editions published in 
 Germany). But no one who knows both Westcott and Hort 
 and Von Gebhardt will be willing to do without either. 
 
 The signs of the times, as discerned in the antiquarian 
 bookstores of New York and Philadelphia, are quite suggest- 
 ive in one respect that should not be passed over. For some 
 months those stores have been unusually well stocked with 
 new copies of the beautiful Oxford Greek Testaments of the 
 common text, for sale at a very low rate. They are also well 
 supplied with the common Cambridge editions of like text ; 
 and also with certain books which attempted to float into wide 
 circulation on the tidal-wave of the Revised English Version, 
 but whose lack of requisite scholarship took away their buoy- 
 ancy, and left them stranded at the price of five cents a copy. 
 
 Since the Old World must remain the depository of the vast 
 mass of material for restoring the true text of the Greek New 
 Testament, it is hardly to be supposed that America alone, at 
 least for the present, can either do the critical work for the 
 world or supply its critical text. But the day has long gone 
 by of which Dr. Francis Wayland lamented {Collegiate System 
 in the United States, p. 129) : " We have in this country scarce- 
 ly anything that can be called a library : the means do not 
 
64 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 exist among us for writing a book, which in Europe would 
 be called learned." On the whole, the general foreign supply 
 of Greek New Testaments in the first half of this century, and 
 somewhat later (except the larger critical editions and some 
 of the smaller German editions), was little, if at all, better in 
 quality than the home supply. Numerically, the inferior pub- 
 lications prevailed in both England and America ; while the 
 representative — at least the book-making — New Testament 
 scholars here were as high in grade and at least as low in 
 prejudice as those of England. American scholars of this 
 century have been neither idle nor unfruitful in their contri- 
 butions to the common end of New Testament elucidation 
 and critical completeness. Most interesting, were this the 
 appropriate place, would be a sketch in outline of their work 
 of the sort ; a work of which the most remarkable item and 
 example is that, now in progress, of two American scholars 
 — Dr. Caspar Rene Gregory, in Leipzig, and Dr. Ezra Abbot 
 in Cambridge, Massachusetts — engaged in compiling the Pro- 
 legomena which Tischendorf 's death left wanting to his great 
 critical edition. 
 
 But from like or kindred efforts the American scholars, 
 though often working in obscurity, have never improperly 
 hung back ; nor are their researches or their results to be 
 ignored at home, any more than in other quarters of the » 
 scholarly world. 
 
XII. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF GREEK NEW TES- 
 TAMENTS PUBLISHED IN AMERICA. 
 
 This account would be incomplete without an exhibition 
 of the subject matter in its chronological aspect simply. The 
 following list is intended to include all the issues of the Amer- 
 ican Greek New Testament, or parts thereof, treated of in the 
 preceding sections. The character of each issue will appear 
 as follows : A * designates a part only of the Greek New Tes- 
 tament. Where the entire item is in brackets, the edition, ex- 
 cept sometimes the titlepage, is one actually printed abroad. 
 Where an earlier text or edition is chiefly followed, the earlier 
 name is generally given in parenthesis at the first occurrence 
 of each example. 
 
 ■ 1800. (Mill.) C. Alexander. Worcester, Thomas, 12. 
 
 1806. Leusden, Gr.-Lat. Philadelphia, Bradford, 12. 
 
 1806. Leusden. Philadelphia, Bradford, 12. 
 
 1809. Griesbach. (3d ed.) [W. Wells.] Cambridge, Wells & Hilliard, 8. 
 
 * 1810. (Elzevir.) Macknight, Apostolical Epistles, Gr.-Eng. Boston, Wells, 
 
 Wait, & Co., 8. 
 1814." (Mill.) Boston, Thomas, 12. 
 
 * 1814. (Griesbach, 3d ed.) Stuart, Newcome's Harmony. Andover, Flagg 
 
 & Gould, 8. 
 
 * 1814. The same, 4. 
 
 1 82 1. Leusden, Gr.-Lat. New York, George Long, 12. 
 
 1822. (R. Stephanus.) Peter Wilson. Hartford, Cooke, 12. 
 
 1822-23. (Griesbach, 3d ed.) Kneeland, Gr.-Eng. Philadelphia, Small, 
 also Fry, 12. 
 
 1822. The same, Gr. only, 12. 
 
 1823. The same, Gr.-Eng., 12. 
 
 1823. The same, Gr. only, 12. 
 
 1824. (Wilson.) Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. New York, Collins & Han- 
 
 nay, 12. 
 
 1825. Wilson. Hartford, Cooke, 12. 
 
 * 1825. (Griesbach, 3d ed.) [N. L. Frothingham,] Gospels. Boston, Cum- 
 
 mings & Hilliard, 8. 
 5 65 
 
66 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 1827. Wilson. Hartford, Cooke, 12. 
 
 1829. Wilson. Hartford, Cooke, 12. 
 
 1829. "Wilson. Philadelphia, Towar & Hogan, 12. 
 
 * 1830. E. Friederici, John, Gr.-Eng. New York, G. F. Bunce, 12. 
 1 83 1. Wilson. Philadelphia, Towar & Hogan, 12. 
 
 1831. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. New York, Collins & Hannay, 12. 
 1833. Wilson. Philadelphia, Towar, Hogan, & Thompson, 12. 
 
 * 1834. (Knapp, 4th ed.) Robinson, Newcome's Harmony. Andover, 
 
 Gould & Newman, 8. 
 1835. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. New York, B. & S. Collins, 12. 
 1835. (Knapp, 4th ed.) Patton. New York, Starr, 4. 
 
 1835. The same (text printed on one side of the leaf only), 4. 
 
 1836. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. New York, Collins, Keese, & Co., and 
 
 Dean, 12. 
 
 1837. Bloomfield (2d Lond. ed.), Stuart. Boston, Perkins & Marvin ; Phila- 
 
 delphia, H. Perkins, 8. 
 
 1837. The same. Boston, Perkins & Marvin; New York, Gould & New- 
 
 man; Philadelphia, H. Perkins, 8. 
 
 1838. Wilson. Philadelphia, Haswell, Barrington, & Haswell, 12. 
 
 1838. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. New York, Collins, Keese, & Co., and 
 Dean, 12. 
 
 1838. (Greenfield.) Polymicrian, Engles. Philadelphia, H. Perkins; Bos- 
 
 ton, Perkins & Marvin, 32. 
 
 1839. Polymicrian, Engles. Philadelphia, H. Perkins ; Boston, Perkins & 
 
 Marvin, 32. 
 
 1840. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. New York, W. E. Dean, also Collins, 12. 
 
 1840. Polymicrian, Engles. Philadelphia, H. Perkins; Boston, Perkins & 
 
 Marvin, 32. 
 
 1841. Polymicrian, Engles. Philadelphia, H. Perkins; Boston, Ives & 
 
 Dennet, 32. 
 [1842.] n. d. Robinson's Hahn. New York, Leavitt & Allen, 12. 
 
 1842. Robinson's Hahn. New York, Leavitt & Trow, 12. t 
 
 1842. Robinson's Hahn. Boston, Crocker & Brewster, 12. 
 
 1843. Bloomfield, 5th Amer. ed. Philadelphia, Perkins & Purves, 8. 
 
 1844. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. New York, W. E. Dean, 12. 
 
 1844. Polymicrian, Engles. Philadelphia, Perkins & Purves, 32. 
 
 1845. Robinson's Hahn. New York, Leavitt & Trow; Boston, Crocker & 
 
 Brewster, 12. 
 
 1845. The same. New York, Leavitt & Trow; Boston, Crocker & Brews- 
 ter, 8. 
 
 1845. Patton. New York, J. C. Riker, 4. 
 
 1845. The same, printed on one side of the leaf only, 4. 
 
 * 1845. (Hahn.) Robinson's Harmony. Boston, Crocker & Brewster, 8. 
 
 1846. Bloomfield, 5th Amer. ed. Philadelphia and Boston, Perkins, 8. 
 1846. Polymicrian, Engles. Philadelphia, H. Perkins, 32. 
 
 1846. Polymicrian, Engles. Philadelphia, Perkins & Purves, 32. 
 
 * 1847. (Burton.) Spencer, Gospels and Acts. New York, Harpers, 12. 
 
 1847. (Burton.) Spencer. New York, Harpers, 12. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 67 
 
 * 1847. (Hahn.) Collectanea Evangelica, N. R. Brooks. Baltimore,. Cush- 
 
 ing, 16. 
 
 * 1847. The same, 2d ed., 16. 
 
 1848. Polymicrian, Engles. Philadelphia, H. Perkins, 32. 
 1848. Bloomfield, 5th Amer. ed. Boston, Perkins; Philadelphia, H. Per- 
 kins, 8. 
 1848. The same. Philadelphia, H. Perkins ; Boston, Perkins & Marvin, 8. 
 
 1848. The same. Philadelphia, H. Perkins; Boston, Benjamin Perkins, 8. 
 
 1849. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. New York, W. E. Dean, 12. 
 
 f 1849. (Hahn.) Collectanea Evangelica, Brooks, 3d ed. New York, 
 Barnes, 16. 
 
 1850. Polymicrian, Engles. Philadelphia, H. Perkins, 32. 
 
 * 1850. (Hahn.) Owen's Acts. New York, Leavitt, 12. 
 
 1851. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. New York, W. E. Dean, 12. 
 
 * 185 1. Robinson's Harmony. Boston, Crocker, 8. 
 
 1852. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. New York, W. E. Dean, 12. 
 
 1852. Spencer. New York, Harpers, 12. 
 
 * 1852. (Hahn.) Turner's Hebrews, Gr.-Eng. New York, Stanford & 
 
 Swords, 8. 
 
 * 1852. Owen's Acts. New York, Leavitt, 12. 
 
 1853. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. New York, W. E. Dean, 12. 
 
 1853. Polymicrian, Engles, Philadelphia, Clark & Hesser, 32. 
 
 * 1853. Robinson's Harmony, rev. ed. Boston, Crocker, 8. 
 
 * 1853. (Hahn.) Turner's Romans, Gr.-Eng. New York, Stanford & 
 
 Swords, 8. 
 [1854.] re. d. Wilson. Philadelphia, Barrington & Haswell, 12. 
 
 1854. Wilson. Philadelphia, Lippincott, Grambo, & Co., 12. 
 1854. Bloomfield, 5th ed. Philadelphia, Clark & Hesser, 8. 
 1854. The same. Philadelphia, H. C. Peck & Theo. Bliss, 8. 
 1854. Polymicrian, Engles. Philadelphia, Clark & Hesser, 32. 
 
 1854. Robinson's Hahn. New York, Leavitt & Allen, 12. 
 
 *■ 1854. (Elzevir.) Strong's Harmony. New York, Riker, 12. 
 *• 1854. The same. New York, Harpers, 12. 
 
 * 1854. (Mill.) [John Lillie,] 2 Peter, 1 and 2 John, Judas, and Revelation, 
 
 Gr.-Eng. New York, American Bible Union, 4. 
 
 1855. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. Philadelphia, Lippincott, Grambo, & Co., 12. 
 1855. Polymicrian, Engles. Philadelphia, H. C. Peck & Theo. Bliss, 32. 
 
 1855. Robinson's Hahn. New York, Leavitt & Allen, 12. 
 
 * 1855. (Hahn.) Turner's Romans, Gr.-Eng. New York, Stanford & Swords, 8. 
 
 * 1855. (Hahn.) Turner's Hebrews, Gr.-Eng. New York, Stanford & 
 
 Swords, 8. 
 
 * 1855. (Mill.) [O. B. Judd,] Matthew, Chapters I., II., & III., Gr.-Eng. 
 
 New York, Amer. Bible Union, 4. 
 
 1856. Bloomfield. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 8. (Also several editions from 
 
 this date down to 1868, dates and edition-numbers unknown.) 
 1856. Polymicrian, Engles. Philadelphia, H. C. Peck & Theo. Bliss, 32. 
 (Also several editions from this date onward, the several dates un- 
 known.) 
 
68 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 * 1S56. Owen's Acts. New York, Leavitt, 12. 
 
 * 1856., (Halm.) Turner's Galatians, Gr.-Eng. New York, Dana & Co., 8. 
 
 * 1856. (Hahn.) Turner's Ephesians, Gr.-Eng. New York, Dana & Co., 8. 
 
 * 1856. (Mill.) [Morton,] John, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. Bible Union, 4. 
 
 * 1856. (Mill.) [John Lillie,] I and 2 Thessalonians, Gr.-Eng. New York, 
 
 Amer. Bible Union, 4. 
 1856-63. (Griesbach, 3d ed.) B. Wilson, Emphatic Diaglott, Gr.-Eng. 
 Geneva, Illinois, B. Wilson, 12. 
 
 1857. Robinson's Hahn. New York, Leavitt & Allen, 12. 
 
 * 1857. Robinson's Harmony. Boston, Crocker, 8. 
 
 * 1857. (Mill.) [Ν. N. Whiting,] Ephesians, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. 
 
 Bible Union, 4. 
 
 * 1857. (Mill.) [Ν. N. Whiting,] Hebrews, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. 
 
 Bible Union, 4. 
 
 1858. Wilson. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 12. 
 
 185S. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 12. 
 
 * 1858. (Mill.) [O. B. Judd,] Matthew, Chapters I., II., and III., Gr.-Eng. 
 
 New York, Amer. Bible Union, 4. 
 
 * 1858. (Mill.) [Alex. Campbell,] Acts, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. Bible 
 
 Union, 4. 
 
 * 1858. (Mill.) [N. N. WhitingJ Mark, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. Bible 
 
 Union, 4. 
 
 1859. Wilson. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 12. 
 
 1859. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 12. 
 
 1859. Spencer. New York, Harpers, 12. 
 
 * 1859. Spencer, Gospels and Acts. New York, Harpers, 12. 
 
 * 1859. Robinson's Harmony. Boston, Crocker, 8. 
 
 * 1859. Turner's Romans, Gr.-Eng. New York, Randolph, 8. 
 
 * 1859. Strong's Harmony. New York, Harpers, 12. 
 
 * 1859. (Mill.) [Morton,] John, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. Bible Union, 4. 
 
 * 1859. Alford, Gospels. New York, Harpers, 8. 
 
 [1859. (Scholz.) Critical Gr.-Eng. New York, Wiley, 16.] 
 
 [1859. Codex Vaticanus, Mai. New York, Appleton, 8.] 
 
 i860. Wilson. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 12. 
 
 i860. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 12. 
 
 i860. Spencer. New York, Harpers, 12. 
 
 * 1S60. (Mill.) [Ν. N. Whiting,] Luke, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. Bible 
 
 Union, 4. 
 
 * i860. (Mill.) T. J. Conant, Matthew, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. Bible 
 
 Union, 4. 
 
 * i860. (Mill.) [N. N. Whiting,] 1 and 2 Timothy, and Titus, Gr.-Eng. 
 
 New York, American Bible Union, 4. 
 
 * i860. (Mill?) [Η. B. Hackett,] Philemon, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. 
 
 Bible Union, 4. 
 
 * i860. [Hackett,] Philemon, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. Bib. Union, small 4. 
 
 * i860. Ellicott, Galatians. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 [i860. Cowper, Codex Alexandrinus, London, Norgate; New York, West- 
 ermann, 8.] 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 6$ 
 
 * 1 86 1. Gr.-Eng. Various parts previously published, bound up with general 
 title, etc. New York, Amer. Bible Union, 4. 
 
 861. (Theile.) Geo. Wm. Heilig, John, Gr.-Eng. Philadelphia, Desilver, 12. 
 
 862. Robinson's Harmony. Boston, Crocker, 8. 
 
 862. Ellicott, Ephesians. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 863. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 12. 
 
 863. Ellicott, Ephesians. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 864. (Griesbach, 3d ed.) B. Wilson, Emphatic Diaglott, Gr.-Eng. Ge- 
 neva, III., B. Wilson, 12. 
 
 864. (Mill.) [Joh. Lillie,] Ephesians, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. Bible 
 
 Union, 4. 
 
 864. (Mill.) [Morton,] John, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. Bible Union, 4. 
 
 864. Ellicott, Galatians. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 864. Ellicott, Thessalonians. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 865. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 12. 
 865. Spencer. New York, Harpers, 12. 
 865. B. Wilson, Emphatic Diaglott, Gr.-Eng. New York, Fowler & 
 
 Wells, 12. 
 
 865. Robinson's Harmony, Boston, Crocker, 8. 
 
 865. Ellicott, Pauline Epistles, whole set. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 865. Ellicott, Pastoral Epistles. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 865. Ellicott, Galatians. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 865. Ellicott, Ephesians. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 865. Ellicott, Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 865. Ellicott, Thessalonians. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 866. Robinson's Hahn. New York, Appleton, 12. 
 866. Emphatic Diaglott, Gr.-Eng. New York, Fowler & Wells, 12. 
 866. [Ν. N. Whiting,] Mark, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. Bible Union, 4. 
 866. [Ν. N. Whiting,] Luke, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. Bible Union, 4. 
 866. T. J. Conant, Matthew, Gr.-Eng. New York, Amer. Bible Union, 4. 
 866. Ellicott, Pastoral Epistles. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 866. Ellicott, Galatians. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 866. Ellicott, Ephesians. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 867. Robinson's Hahn. New York, Appleton, 12. 
 867 (1866). Ellicott, Galatians. Boston, Draper & Halliday, 8. 
 867 (1866). Ellicott, Ephesians. Boston, Draper & Halliday, 8. 
 
 868 
 868 
 868. 
 868 
 868. 
 869 
 869 
 869 
 
 870. 
 870, 
 870 
 
 Bloomfield, 14th Amer. ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 8. 
 
 Robinson's Hahn. New York, Appleton, 12. 
 
 Spencer. New York, Harpers, 12. 
 
 Ellicott, Pauline Epistles, whole set. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 (Scholz.) Critical Gr.-Eng. New York, Wiley, 16.] 
 
 Bloomfield, 14th Amer. ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 8. 
 
 Owen's Acts. New York, Appleton, 12. 
 
 Β. H. Alford (Alford abridged). Philadelphia, Lippincott; London, 
 
 Rivingtons; Cambridge, Bell, & Co., 12.] 
 Wilson. Philadelphia, Claxton, Remsen, & Haffelfinger, 12. 
 Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 12. 
 Bloomfield, 14th Amer. ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 8. 
 
•JO AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 1870. Robinson's Hahn. New York, Appleton, 12. 
 
 1870. Emphatic Diaglott, Gr.-Eng. New York, Samuel R. Wells, 12. 
 
 * 1870. Ellicott, Galatians. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 [1870, etc. Tregelles. London, Bagster; New York, Wiley, 4.] (Wiley's 
 imprint does not seem to be found on all the parts.) 
 
 1871. B. Wilson, Emphatic Diaglott, Gr.-Eng. Geneva, 111., 12. 
 
 * 1 87 1. Ellicott, Epistles, whole set. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 * 1871. Ellicott, Philippians, Colossians and Philemon. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 * 1871. ( Teschendorf.) Gardiner's Harmony. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 * 1871. (Hahn.) Harmonia Evangelica, Brooks. Philadelphia, Claxton, 
 
 Remsen, & Haffelfinger, 16. 
 
 [1 87 1. Alford, 6th ed. Boston, Lee & Shepard, 8.] 
 
 1872. Robinson's Halm. New York, Appleton, 12. 
 
 1872. Emphatic Diaglott, Gr.-Eng. New York, S. R. Wells, 12. 
 
 * 1872. Robinson's Harmony. Boston, Crocker & Brewster, 8. 
 
 * 1872. Gardiner's Harmony. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 [1872. Alford, 6th ed. Boston, Lee & Shepard, 8.] 
 
 * 1873. Gardiner's Harmony. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 [1873. Alford, 6th ed. Boston, Lee & Shepard, 8.] 
 [1874. Alford, 7th ed. Boston, Lee & Shepard, 8.] 
 
 1875. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 12. 
 
 1875. Robinson's Hahn. New York, Appleton, 12. 
 
 1875. Spencer. New York, Harpers, 12. 
 
 * 1875. Owen's Acts. New York, Appleton, 12. 
 
 * 1875. Gardiner's Harmony. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 [1875. . (Scholz.) Critical Gr.-Eng. New York, Wiley, 16.] 
 
 [1875. Alford, 7th ed. Boston, Lee & Shepard, 8.] 
 
 1876. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 12. 
 
 1876. B. Wilson, Emphatic Diaglott, Gr.-Eng. New York, Wells, 12. 
 
 * 1876. Owen's Acts. New York, Appleton, 12. 
 
 * 1876. Gardiner's Harmony. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 * 1876. Ellicott, Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 * 1876. Ellicott, Thessalonians. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 * 1876. Ellicott, Galatians. Andovir, Draper, 8. 
 
 * 1876. (Scrivener's R. Stephanus 3d.) Henry A. Buttz, Romans. New 
 
 York, Nelson & Phillips ^Cincinnati, Hitchcock & Walden, 8. 
 
 1877. Spencer. New York, Harpers, 12. 
 
 * 1877. Buttz, Romans. New York, Nelson & Phillips, 8. 
 [1877. (Scholz.) Critical Gr.-Eng. New York, Wiley, 16.] 
 [1877. Alford, 7th ed. Boston, Lee & Shepard, 8.] 
 
 1878. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 12. 
 
 * 1878. Ellicott, Epistles, whole set. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 * 1878. B. Wilson, Emphatic Diaglott, Luke. New York, Wells, 12. 
 [1878. Alford, " new edition." Boston, Lee & Shepard, 8.] 
 
 * 1879. Robinson's Harmony. Boston, Houghton, Osgood, & Co., 8. 
 
 * 1879. Tne same. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., 8. 
 
 * 1879. Ellicott, Epistles, whole set. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 * 1879. Ellicott, Galatians. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 7 1 
 
 * 1879. Ellicott, Ephesians. Andbver, Draper, 8. 
 
 * 1879. Gardiner's Harmony. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 * 1879. But t z . Romans. New York, Nelson & Phillips, 8. 
 
 * 1879. (Lachmann.) Shedd, Romans. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 12. 
 [1879. (R. Stephanus, 3d ed.) Scrivener. New York, Holt, 16.] 
 
 1880. Wilson. Philadelphia, Claxton, Remsen, and Haffelfinger, 12. 
 
 1880. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 12. 
 
 1880. Robinson's Hahn. New York, Appleton, 12. 
 
 1880. B. Wilson, Emphatic Diaglott, Gr.-Eng. New York, Wells, 12. 
 
 * 1880. Ellicott, Epistles, whole set. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 
 * 1880. Gardiner's Harmony, rev. ed. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 [1880. (Scholz.) Critical Gr.-Eng. New York, Wiley, 16.] 
 [1880. Alford, "new ed." Boston, Lee & Shepard, 8.] 
 
 * 188 1. Ellicott, Pastoral Epistles. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 [1881. Alford, " new ed." Boston, Lee & Shepard, 8.] 
 
 1881-82. Westcott & Hort (Schaff). New York, Harpers, crown 8. 
 
 1882. Pseudo-Leusden, Gr.-Lat. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 12. 
 
 1882. Westcott & Hort (Schaff), Gr.-Eng. New York, Harpers, 8. 
 
 * 1882. Robinson's Harmony. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., 8. 
 
 * 1882. Owen's Acts. New York, Appleton, 12. 
 
 * 1882. Ellicott, Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon. Andover, Draper, 8. 
 [1882. (Scholz.) Critical Gr.-Eng. New York, Wiley, 16.] 
 
 1883. Polymicrian, Engles, second edition, Hall. Philadelphia, Perkins, 32. 
 [1883. (Scholz.) Critical Gr.-Eng. New York, Wiley, 16.] 
 
 [1883. Alford, new ed. Boston, Lee & Shepard, 8.] 
 
 Without date; and not enumerated in the foregoing. 
 
 Wilson. Philadelphia, Barrington & Haswell, 12. (An issue with a printer's 
 mistake in paging, as early as 1 851.) 
 
 The same, corrected. 
 
 (Greenfield.) Polymicrian, Engles. Philadelphia, Theo. Bliss, 32. 
 
 The same. Philadelphia, H. C. Peck & Theo. Bliss, 32. 
 
 The same. Philadelphia, Peck & Bliss, 32. 
 
 The same. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 32. 
 
 Robinson's Hahn. New York, Leavitt & Allen, 12. (With a different street- 
 number of the publishers.) 
 
 (Knapp, 4th ed.) Patton. New York, Riker, 4. 
 
 The same, printed on one side of the leaf only, 4. 
 
 * Tafel, Gospels, Acts, and Revelation, Gr.-Eng. Philadelphia, Tafel; Lon- 
 
 don, Nutt, 8. 
 
 * The same. New York, E. & J. B. Young; London, James Speiss, 8. 
 [(Scholz.) Critical Gr.-Eng. New York, Wiley, 16.] 
 
 [The same. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 16.] 
 
 [The same. London, Bagster; New York, Wiley, 16.] 
 
 [The same. London, Bagster; Philadelphia, Lippincott, 16.] 
 
 [Greenfield, Polymicrian. London, Bagster ; New York, Wiley, 32.] 
 
 [The same. London, Bagster ; Philadelphia, Lippincott, 32.] 
 
72 
 
 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 The preceding list comprises 257 items, of which 150 are 
 issues of the entire Greek Testament, and 107 are issues of a 
 part only. Of issues which have escaped my search, whose 
 (probable or) possible existence has been indicated at the ap- 
 propriate place in the foregoing pages, the number, according 
 to the most reasonably framed conjecture, should be not far 
 from thirty. Forty, in my opinion, would be too many. 
 
 As it may be interesting to know how the rate of produc- 
 tion has varied, I subjoin a tabulated statement of the num- 
 bers which have been issued in each decade. The year 
 given is that of the close of each decade ; and the count for 
 each decade is made to the end of that year. The table in- 
 cludes all the editions whose time of issue has been ascer- 
 tained, whether dated or undated : 
 
 Decade Ending : 
 
 jsntire iMew 
 Testaments. 
 
 Partial Editions. 
 
 1800. 
 
 I. 
 
 O. 
 
 1810. 
 
 3• 
 
 I. 
 
 1820. 
 
 1. 
 
 2. 
 
 1830. 
 
 II. 
 
 2. 
 
 1840. 
 
 15• 
 
 I. 
 
 1850. 
 
 21. 
 
 6. 
 
 i860. 
 
 29. 
 
 34- 
 
 1870. 
 
 20. 
 
 27. 
 
 1880. 
 
 26. 
 
 28. 
 
 1883. 
 
 8. 
 
 4- 
 
 Total, 
 
 135- 
 
 105. 
 
 Total. 
 I. 
 4 
 3 
 
 13 
 16 
 27 
 63 
 47 
 54• 
 12 
 240 
 
 To these are to be added the remainder, of undated issues 
 whose actual time of publication has not been ascertained. 
 The numbers are as follows : issues of the entire New Testa- 
 ment, 15; of partial editions, 2; total, 17. Editions without 
 date began to be issued in 1 842, at the latest, and have been 
 continued nearly, if not quite, to the present time ; though 
 their number has been diminishing for the last ten years. - The 
 repetitions of these undated issues add, of course, to the ab- 
 solute number of copies produced in the country ; but, except 
 in case they should be found to bear some clear distinguish- 
 ing mark, they could not with strict propriety be enumerated 
 as distinct issues, even if their number were ascertainable. 
 
 A glance at the list will show, better than any summary in 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 73 
 
 words could do, how the supply has varied from year to year. 
 The years which are not represented in the list are 1801, 1802, 
 1803, 1804, 1805, 1807, 1808, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1815, 1816, 
 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1826, 1828, 1832; or, nineteen years 
 out of the eighty-four. The traces left on the list by the po- 
 litical or financial condition of the country are discoverable ; 
 but they are not perfectly intelligible and clear without more 
 discussion than is called for in a work of this character ; and 
 if not so, the facts might be interpreted differently by differ- 
 ent economists. The effect of the war of 18 12 is evident 
 at first glance; but that of other momentous events does 
 not generally lie on the surface. An important factor to be 
 considered, also, is the effect of the appearance of an epoch- 
 making edition in Europe ; for our scholars and instructors 
 have always kept a sharp lookout for all progress there. 
 Robinson's Hahn, for example, would doubtless have had a 
 much larger and more continued circulation, had it not been 
 for the appearance of Tischendorf's editions. The circula- 
 tion of the latter has been immense in this country, and 
 that without a single reprint. 
 
 The question how far, or how many of, the editions actually 
 printed abroad should find a place in this list, or in a work of 
 this kind, I shall not attempt to raise. The question of pro- 
 duction for the market (to take only that view of the matter) 
 is settled independently of the sub-consideration whether it 
 shall be done by importation (of sheets or plates), or by 
 actual manufacture. It is not easy to draw the line between 
 the mere ventures of the foreign publishers, on the one hand, 
 and the enterprise of the native publisher or the judgment 
 of the native scholar, on the other. An attempt to draw the 
 line would often be as unjust, as it would be, in the matter of 
 unquestioned native manufacture, to inquire whether the pub- 
 lisher did his own type-setting or printing, or had it done by 
 other hands, in another establishment, or in another town. 
 The real question, were it worth the raising, and were it to 
 be answered if raised, is really one of principal and agent, in 
 a sense somewhat broader than the legal one. The facts are 
 given, as well as they could be searched out; and their inter- 
 
74 AMERICAN GREEK TESTAMENTS. 
 
 pretation is left to the reader. Whatever that interpretation 
 may be, it cannot be unfavorable in respect of American fond- 
 ness for the Greek New Testament. The American con- 
 sumption, to speak after the manner of the economists, of 
 the home and foreign product, can scarcely fall short of half 
 a million copies ; and even that number — enormous as it is, 
 all things considered, in its ratio to the supply of other coun- 
 tries — may be an underestimate. 
 
 To attempt particularly and precisely to account for this 
 vast number of Greek New Testaments distributed in Amer- 
 ica, would be to deal with conjecture only. But it is to be 
 remembered that in the early days of American colleges, and 
 down nearly to the middle of the present century, a know- 
 ledge of the Greek Testament was conspicuous among the 
 requirements for entrance ; and thus the men of collegiate 
 training became pretty well acquainted with it in their youth. 
 Besides that, the regular Monday morning exercise, for a 
 great part of the college course, was a reading and recitation 
 in the same book ; a practice which fell into partial disuse, 
 but is now restored in many institutions. In most of the 
 larger towns in New England, at least, there were a few pro- 
 fessional men who kept up its habitual reading, even among 
 the non-church-going inhabitants. In my father's own con- 
 gregation, as I well remember (his pastorate of twenty-three 
 years ended in 1855 ; and one of his trials in his subsequent 
 theological professorship of twenty-one years was the lack, on 
 the part of the theological students, of early acquaintance 
 with the Greek Testament, not to mention the superiority 
 which divers of them, like the head of the University of Lou- 
 vain in the Vicar of Wakefield, felt to the whole subject), not 
 only were there several men of the learned professions who 
 could and did read regularly their Greek Testament, and who 
 were " able to appreciate the broadside force of an argument " 
 whose essence lay in the Greek text, but there was also a 
 small knot of youth — and some of them of the gentler sex — 
 whose knowledge and habits of study put them in a corre- 
 sponding intelligent position. I think I am not mistaken in 
 believing that in many homes besides that of my own boy- 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. ?$ 
 
 hood, the children were taught, not only by precept, but by 
 an example never to be forgotten or to fail in power, that " it 
 is a disgrace to an educated man not to be familiar with his 
 Greek Testament." 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Note. — The Chronological List is not indexed separately. — n. signifies note. 
 
 Abbot, E., 4, 38, 64. 
 
 Acts, Owen's, 48. 
 
 Adler, 23 n. 
 
 Aitken, 31. 
 
 Alexander, C, 9, 10. 
 
 Alexandrine MS., 45, 52. 
 
 Alford, Β. H., 55, 56. 
 
 Alford, H., 54 and n., 55, 59. 
 
 Allen, see Leavitt. 
 
 America, early edd. of Gr. Ν. T. in, 6 
 n. ; first Greek book in, 8, 31 ; num- 
 ber of Gr. N. Tests, in, 72. 
 
 American Bible Soc, 50. 
 
 American Bible Union, 19-21. 
 
 American Bibles, see O'Callaghan. 
 
 American Committee of Revision, 18, 
 S2, 56• 
 
 American editors, earlier, 5. 
 
 American New Testament scholars, 64. 
 
 American Philological Association, 3. 
 
 American Polymicrian Gr. Ν. T., 14- 
 
 18, 57- 
 American revolution, 7. 
 Amiatinus, Codex, 13 n. 
 Andover Theol. Sem., 28, 29. 
 Anthology, M[onthly], 9 n. 
 Anthon, C, 37, n. 
 Antiquarian book-stores, 3, 63. 
 Antwerp, Gr. N. Tests, from, 7. 
 Appleton, D., 47, 48, 52. 
 Arias Montanus, 22, 36. 
 
 Bacon Academy, 34 n. 
 
 Bagster, 13, 15 n. 1, 19, 53. 
 
 Ball,' 47. 
 
 Baltimore Female College, 47. 
 
 Bangs, see Watson. 
 
 Baptist denomination, 21. 
 
 Barbirius & Courteau, 61 n. 
 
 Barnes, A. S., 14 n. 1, 47. 
 
 Barrington, E., etc., 36. 
 
 Baumgarten, 23 n. 
 
 Bengel, 42, 60. 
 
 Benson, 41. 
 
 Bernard, Gov., 8 n. 1. 
 
 Bertheau, C, 63. 
 
 Beza, Th., Gr. N. T., 11, 15 and n. I, 
 60-62 note, and passim; Latin ver- 
 sion, 6 n. 1, 61-62 note; Pseudo-, 7 
 n-, 38, 39. 61 n. 
 
 Bible Revision Association, 20. 
 
 Bishop of London, 44 n. 
 
 Bliss, Theo., 17, 44. 
 
 Bloomfield, 43-45. 53• 
 
 Boom, 24. 
 
 Bowyer, W., 9, 10 and n. 1, 15 n. 1. 
 
 Bradford, S. F., 22, 23, 24, 25, 27. 
 
 British & For. Bib. Soc, 28 n. 
 
 Broadway Journal, 47 n. 
 
 Brooks, N. C, 47, 48. 
 
 Brylinger, 13. 
 
 Buckingham, C. J., 34 n. 
 
 Bunce, G. F., 50. 
 
 Burton, 19, 59. 
 
 Buttmann, 39, 40. 
 
 Buttz, Η. Α., 39, 4o. 
 
 77 
 
78 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Cambridge (Eng.) edd. of the Gr. N. 
 
 T., 63. 
 Cambridge (Mass.) University, 8 n. 1, 
 
 28. 
 Cambridge (Eng.) Univ. Press, 38, 58. 
 Cambridge (Mass.) Univ. Press, 8 n. 1, 
 
 27. 
 Campbell, Α., 2θ. 
 Carey, M., 8, 31. 
 Chronological List of Gr. N. Tests., 65- 
 
 75• 
 Citations, early Scripture, 6. 
 Clark, T., 50. 
 Clark & Hesser, 17, 44. 
 Claxton, Remsen, & Haffelfinger, 36, 
 
 48. 
 Codex Alexandrinus, 45, 52. 
 Codex Amiatinus, 13 n. 
 Codex Vaticanus, 31, 32, 44 and n., 45 
 
 and n., 52. 
 Coke, 6. 
 
 Collectanea Evangelica, 47. 
 Collectanea Graeca Minora, 29. 
 Colleges, American, 74. 
 Collins & Hannay, 37 and n., 38. 
 Collins & Co., 37 n. 
 Collins, B. & S„ 38. 
 Collins, Keese, & Co., 38. 
 Columbia College, 34. 
 Commandments, Ten, 31. 
 Common English Version, 6, 57, 60. 
 Complutensian Gr. Ν. T., 35 and n. 
 Conant, T. J., 20, 21. 
 Concordance to Gr. Ν. T., 13, 53. 
 Condition of the country, effect of, 73. 
 Conner, J., 14 n. I. 
 Cooke, O. D., & Sons, 34, 36. 
 Cowper, Β. H., 52. 
 Critical Gr.-Eng. Ν. T., 53, 54. 
 Crocker & Brewster, 46, 47. 
 Cummings, Hilliard & Co., 28. 
 Cummiskey, 50. 
 
 Dana & Co., 49. 
 
 Dean, W. E., 37 n., 38. 
 
 Decade, Gr. N. Tests, published in 
 
 each, 72. 
 Dennet, see Ives. 
 
 Derby, H. W., & Co., 47. 
 Diaglott, Emphatic, 31, 32. 
 Diatessaron, White's, 29. 
 Draper & Halliday, 54. 
 Draper, W. F., 14 n. 1, 52, 54. 
 Drisler, H., 35. 
 Drugulin, 33. 
 Duyckinck, E., 37 n. 
 
 Editors, earlier American, 5. 
 
 Elisabeth, Queen, 61 n., 62 n. 
 
 Ellicott, C. J., 54. 
 
 Ellsworth, Gov., 34 n. 
 
 Elzevir editions (American), 22-26. 
 
 Elzevir editions (original), 10 n. 2. 
 
 Elzevir Gr. N. Tests., and text, 9 n., 
 
 11, 14, 15, n. 1., 28 n., ana passim. 
 Emphatic Diaglott, 31, 32. 
 Engles, J. P., 14-18, 14 n. 2, 27. 
 English, Common Version, 6, 57, 60. 
 English editions of the Gr. Ν. T., 7 
 
 and n., 12. 
 English Polymicrian Ν. T., 14 n. 1. 
 English Revised Version, 18, 28 n., 57, 
 
 60, 63. 
 Epictetus, 8, 31. 
 Epistles, Ellicott's, 54. 
 Epistles, Macknight's, 25, 26. 
 Epistles, Turner's, 48, 49. 
 Epoch-making European editions, 73. 
 European editions, epoch-making, 73• 
 Erasmus, 13, 35 and n., 36 n., 60 n. 
 
 Fabricius, J. Α., ίο. 
 
 Father, the author's, 74- 
 
 Fell, 24 n. 
 
 Flagg & Gould, 29. 
 
 Foreign editions current in America, 6, 
 
 7.59• 
 Foreign editions in Chronol. List, 73. 
 Foreign supply, The, 59-64. 
 Fowler & Wells, 31. 
 Frothingham, N. L., 29. 
 
 Galatians, Luther on, 6. 
 Gardiner's Harmony, 51. 
 Gebhardt, see Von Gebhardt. 
 Genevan Bible, 6, and n. 1. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 79 
 
 George, King, 8 n. 2. 
 
 Germany, Elzevir text in, 28, and n. 
 
 Goeschen, 27. 
 
 Goeze, 23 n. 
 
 Goodrich, C. Α., 34 η. 
 
 Gospels, Griesbach, 28; Spencer's, 18, 
 19 ; Tafel's, 32, 33. 
 
 Gould, see Flagg. 
 
 Gould & Newman, 41, 43. 
 
 Greek book, first in America, 8, 31. 
 
 Greek grammars, 30, 31, 34 n. 
 
 Greek Ν. T., see generally under the 
 names of editors and publishers. 
 
 Greek Ν. T., in America, 5, 6; Ameri- 
 can fondness for, 74 ; consumption of 
 copies in America, 74; early quota- 
 tions from, 6 ; early variety of edd. in 
 America, 6 and n. 2 ; first printed in 
 America, 8 and n. 2 ; first printed in 
 England, 7 and n. ; historical and 
 rare editions, 6 and n. 2 ; number in 
 America, 72; " Origenistic," 29; Ox- 
 ford reprints of Mill, 15 and n. I ; 
 Parallel, 60 and n. ; rare edd. ex- 
 ported to Europe, 6 ; read in Ameri- 
 can colleges, and by laymen, 29, 74; 
 readers of non-critical edd., 59. 
 
 Greek numerals, 10 and n. I. 
 
 Greek text of Common Eng. Version, 
 57> 60 and n. 
 
 Greek text of Revised Eng. Version, 
 18, 57, 60. 
 
 Greek type at Harvard University, 8 
 n. I. 
 
 Green, J., 8 n. I. 
 
 Green, T. S., 38, 53. 
 
 Greenfield, Lexicon, 13, 17, 38, 53. 
 
 Greenfield, Polymicrian Gr. Ν. T., 13, 
 14, 18, 
 
 Gregory, C. R., 64. 
 
 Griesbach, 9 n., 15 n. I, and passim. 
 
 Griesbach, edd. of the Gr. Ν. T., 27-33. 
 
 Griesbach, Symbolte Criticce, 54. 
 
 Hackett, Η. B., 20, 21. 
 Haffelfinger, see Claxton. 
 Hahn editions of the Gr. Ν. T., 46- 
 49. Si• 
 
 Hahn, Robinson's, 46, 47, 73. 
 
 Halen, ab (or van), Α., 23 η. 
 
 Hall, I. H., 18. 
 
 Halliday, 54. 
 
 Hamilton, J., 50. 
 
 Hannay, see Collins. 
 
 Harklensian Syriac, 29. 
 
 Harmonia Evangelica, Brooks, 48. 
 
 Harmony of the Gospels, Brooks, 48 ; 
 first in America, 29 ; Gardiner, 5 1 ; 
 Le Clerc, 29, 41 ; Newcome, 28, 29 ; 
 Robinson's Newcome, 41 ; Robin- 
 son, 47 ; Strong, 26 ; Stuart, 29. 
 
 Harpers, 18, 26, 54. 55. 56. 
 
 Harnack & Schiirer, 63. 
 
 Harvard University, 8 n. 1, 27, 28. 
 
 Haswell, 36. 
 
 Hebrew type, 8 n. I, 10 n. 1. 
 
 Heilig, G. W., 50. 
 
 Hesser, see Clark. 
 
 Hilliard, 27, 28. 
 
 History of Printing, Thomas's, 8 n. 1. 
 
 Hitchcock & Walden, 39. 
 
 Hogan, see Towar. 
 
 Hollis, T., 8 n. 1. 
 
 Holt, H., & Co., 38. 
 
 Hort, F. J. Α., 13 η. See Westcott. 
 
 Houghton, Osgood, & Co., 47. 
 
 Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., 47. 
 
 Huntington & Hopkins, 34 n. 
 
 Interlinear Translation, Tafel, 32. 
 Interlineary Translation, B. Wilson, 31, 
 
 32 and n. 
 International S. S. Lessons, 32. 
 Investigator, The, 30 n. 
 Isaiah or Esaias, 13 and n. 
 Ives & Dennet, 17. 
 
 "J. H. W.," 48 n. I. 
 Jacobs' Gr. Reader, 29. 
 Jerome, 13 n. 
 John, Friederici's, 50. 
 John, Hamilton's, 50. 
 John, Heilig's, 50, 51. 
 Johnson, L., 14 n. 1. 
 Judd, Ο. B., 20. 
 
8ο 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Kent, Chancellor, 9 η. 
 
 King George, 8 n. I. 
 
 Knapp editions, Gr. Ν. T., 41, 42; 51. 
 
 Kneeland, Α., 8, 30 and n. 
 
 Krauth, C. P., 37, 50. 
 
 Kiister's Mill, 10, II, 15 n. I, 52. 
 
 Lachmann, 51, 52 and n, 
 
 Lardner, N., 9, 41. 
 
 Lawyers, Scripture citations by, 6. 
 
 Le Clerc, 29, 41. 
 
 Le Long, 62 n. 
 
 Leavitt, J., 14 n. I. 
 
 Leavitt. & Allen, 46. 
 
 Leavitt & Trow, 46, 48. 
 
 Lee & Shepard, 54, 55. 
 
 Leusden editions, Gr. Ν. T., 22-26, 37, 
 
 59• 
 Leusden, J., 22, 23 n., 24, 61 n. 
 Leusden, Pseudo-European, 23 n., 37 ; 
 
 American, 36-38. 
 Leusden, R., 24. 
 Leyden, Gr. N. Tests, from, 7. 
 Lillie, J., 20, 21. 
 Lippincott, 14, 17, 36, 38, 44, 45, 53, 
 
 55. 56. 
 List, Chronological, 65-75• 
 Long, G., 25, 36, 37 and n. 
 Lord, Leavitt, & Co., 41. 
 Lord's Prayer, 31. 
 Luke, Emphat. Diaglott, 32. 
 Luchtmans, 24. 
 Luther on Galatians, 6. 
 
 Mace, 41. 
 
 Macknight, J., 25, 26. 
 
 Macmillan & Co., 57. 
 
 Mai, Α., 32, 45 η., 52. 
 
 Maps, Wetsteins', 23. 
 
 Marvin, see Perkins. 
 
 Masch, 23 n., 61 n. 
 
 Massachusetts, 7• 
 
 Mifflin, see Houghton. 
 
 Mill, edd. of the Gr. Ν. T., 8-21, and 
 
 passim. 
 Miscellaneous edd. of the Gr. Ν. T., 
 
 50-58. 
 Monotessaron, Brooks's, 48. 
 
 M[onthly] Anthology, 9 n. 
 Morton, 20. 
 Muhlenberg, W. Α., 15 η. 
 
 Nelson & Phillips, 39. 
 
 Newcome, 29, 41. 
 
 New England, 6, 74. 
 
 New Testament, Greek, see Greek N. 
 
 T. 
 New Testament scholars, American, 64. 
 Non-critical editions, users of, 59• 
 Norgate, see Williams. 
 Nourse, J., 23. 
 
 Numerals, Greek, 10, and n. I. 
 Number of Gr. N. Tests, in America, 
 
 72» 74• 
 Nutt, D., 33, 52. 
 
 O'Caixaghan, Ε. B., 5 and n., 14 n. 
 
 1. 35. 37• 
 Olive Branch, The, 30 n. 
 Origenistic Gr. Ν. T., 29. 
 Osgood, see Houghton. 
 Oxford reprints of Mill, 15 and n. 1, 
 
 63• 
 Owen, J. J., 48, and n. 
 
 Palmer, 18, 57, 60. 
 
 Parallel N. Tests., 60 and n. 
 
 Paris, Gr. N. Tests, from, 7. 
 
 Parkhurst, 30. 
 
 Partial edd., number of, 72. 
 
 Patton, R. B., 41, 42. 
 
 Peck, H. C, 17, 44. 
 
 Peck & Bliss, 17, 44. 
 
 Perkins, B., 17, 43, 44. 
 
 Perkins, H., 17, 18, 43, 44. 
 
 Perkins & Marvin, 17, 43, 44. 
 
 Perkins & Purves, 17, 44. 
 
 Philological Assoc, American, 3. 
 
 Philoxenian Syriac, 29. 
 
 Pickering, Gr. Ν. T., 15 n. 1. 
 
 Pietas et Gratulatio, 8 n. I . 
 
 Poe, Ε. Α., 47 η. 
 
 Polymicrian Gr. Ν. T., 13, 14-18, 19, 
 
 27. 57• 
 Presbyterians, 6. 
 Printing, Thomas's Hist, of, 8 n. 1. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Pritius, 13. 
 Pseudo-Beza, 61 n. 
 Pseudo-Leusden, 23 n., 36-38. 
 Purves, 17, 44. 
 
 Queen Elisabeth, 61 n., 62 n. 
 Quotations from Gr. Ν. T., early, 6. 
 Quotations from Versions, 6. 
 
 Randolph, 49. 
 
 Remsen, see Claxton. 
 
 Reuss, E., 14 and n. 1, 19, 23 n., 28 n., 
 
 34. 35 and n •. 36. 37. 45. 6l n - 
 Revised Eng. Version, 18, 28 n., 57, 
 
 60, 63. 
 Revolution, American, 7. 
 Rhine, the, 7. 
 Riker, J. C, 26, 42. 
 Robinson, E., 35. 
 Robinson's Hahn, 46, 47, 73. 
 Robinson's Harmony, 47. 
 Robinson's Newcome's Harmony, 41. 
 Romans, Buttz's, 39, 40. 
 Romans, Shedd's, 51, 52. 
 Romans, Turner's, 49. 
 Russell, J., 8 n. 1. 
 
 "Sacred Scriptures," The, 21. 
 
 Schaff, P., 21, 56, 57. 
 
 Schmidt, E., 13, 53. 
 
 Scholz editions, Gr. Ν. T., 53, 54. 
 
 Scholz, J. A. M., 53, 54, 59, 60. 
 
 Scribner's Sons, 51. 
 
 Scripture citations, 6. 
 
 Scrivener, F. Η. Α., 7 η., l8, 38, 39, 
 
 56, 60 and n. 
 Septuagint, 31. 
 Sewall, S., 8 n. 1. 
 Shedd, W. G. T., 51, 52. 
 Sheldon Theatre, 24 n. 
 Small, Α., 30. 
 Smith, S., 24. 
 Smytegelt, Α., 23 η. 
 .Soemeren, Van, 24. 
 Sorin & Ball, 47. 
 Speaker's Commentary, 44 n. 
 Speiss, J., 33. 
 Spencer, J. Α., i8 and n. 
 
 Stanford & Swords, 48, 49. 
 
 Starr, C, 41. 
 
 Stephanie edd. Gr. Ν. T., 34-40, and 
 
 passim. 
 Stephens (Stephanus, or Stephen), H., 
 
 7 η., 15 n. 1. 
 Stephens (Stephanus, or Stephen), R., 
 
 10, 11 and n., 35 and n., 38, 61 n., 
 
 and passim. 
 Stereotyping, 9, 24, 34. 
 στίχοι, ΙΟ. 
 Strong, J., 26. 
 Stuart, M., 29, 43. 
 Student's Bible, 42. 
 Student's Ν. T., 41, 42. 
 Sunday-school Lessons, International, 
 
 32• 
 
 Swords, 48, 49. 
 SymboltB Critiaz, 54. 
 
 Tafel, L., etc., 32, 33. 
 
 Tauchnitz, 51. 
 
 Ten Commandments, 31. 
 
 Teubner, B. G., 52. 
 
 Textus receptus, 5, 12, 26, 59- 
 
 Thayer, J. H., 40. 
 
 Theile, 51. 
 
 Theological books, 6. 
 
 Tholuck, 50. 
 
 Thomas, I., 8-13, 15 n. I. 
 
 Thompson, 36. 
 
 Tittmann, J. A. H., 46, 51. 
 
 Tischendorf, 15 n. 1, 51, 52 and n., 60, 
 
 64, 73• 
 Tomson, L., 6 n. 1. 
 Towar, etc., 36. 
 Townson, 29. 
 
 Tregelles, S. P., 39, 58 and n., 60, 62. 
 Trow, see Leavitt. 
 Triibner & Co., 20. 
 Turner, S. H., 48 and n., 49. 
 lia Regia, 7 n. 
 
 Undiscovered edd. of Gr. Ν. T., 72. 
 University Press, Cambridge (Eng.), 38, 
 
 58. 
 University Press, Cambridge (Mass.), 8 
 
 n. 1, 27. 
 
82 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 University Press, Oxford, 58. 
 Upton, J., 8. 
 
 Valpy, 37 n., 41 n., 59. 
 
 Van Halen, Α., 23 η. 
 
 Van Soemeren, 24. 
 
 Varieties in textus receptus, 5, 10, 12, 
 
 15 n. 1. 
 Vatican MS., 31, 32, 44 and n., 45 and 
 
 n-, 52. 
 Vaughan, C. J., 39. 
 Vautroller, 7 n. 
 Verses, Leusden's select, 22, 23 n., 36, 
 
 37• 
 Vicar of Wakefield, 74. 
 Von Gebhardt, 15 n. 1, 28 n. 1, 62, 63. 
 Vulgate, 6, 13 n., 60 and 61 note. 
 
 Wait, Τ. B., 25. 
 Waite, Chief Justice, 34 n. 
 Wallis, Hammond, 34, 37. 
 War of 1812, 73. 
 War, the four years of, 5. 
 Warfield, Β. B., 4. 
 Watson & Bangs, 12. 
 Watts, J., 22, 24. 
 
 Wayland, F., 63. 
 
 Webster & Wilkinson, 59. 
 
 Webster, N., 34 n. 
 
 Wells & Hilliard, 27. 
 
 Wells, S. R., 31. 
 
 Wells, W., 25, 27. 
 
 Westermann, B., 53. 
 
 Westcott & Hort, 15 n. 1, 39, 42, 56- 
 
 58, 62, 63. 
 Wetstein (J. J.), 60. 
 Wetsteins, 22, 23, 24, 59. 
 Whitby, 26. 
 White, J., 29. 
 Whiting, Ν. N., 20, 21. 
 Wiley, J., 14, S3. 5» "• 
 Williams & Norgate, 52, 53. 
 Wilson, Α., 35. 
 Wilson, B., 31. 
 Wilson, P., 34 and n., 35-38. 
 Winer, 39, 40. 
 Wingrave, F., 23, 59. 
 Winsor, J., 8 n. I. 
 Wordsworth, 59. 
 
 Years not in Chronol. List, 73. 
 Young, E. & J. B., 33. 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 Since the preceding pages were stereotyped, the following items have come to 
 light: 
 
 1848. Robinson's Hahn. New York, Leavitt & Trow; Boston, Crocker & 
 Brewster, 12. 
 * 1872. Ellicott, Epistles, whole set. Andover, Draper, 8. (Each part has 
 separate title, and the date 1872.) 
 
MONITUM. 
 
 The misprint (Jude 25), noted in the facsimile page of Thomas's Greek 
 Testament, does not appear in all the copies. 
 On page it, line 3 from bottom, the two Greek words should exchange places.