^.' '^" f%«fl M IM F»> JItlfara, Nm ^nrk United. ..S.tatea.-Euel-A4- mi.inls.tratiQn HD9546 .aSs" ""'™''"^ '""'^'^ "^WllllllllliiiiiiSiii«iSiiSf™''''e division 19 olin 3 1924 030 105 039 Overs The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030105039 S^' - "V (**J "^^ UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION H. A. Garfield, Fuel Administrator ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION Cyrus Gamsey, jr., Assistant Fuel Adttiinistrator, General Director REPORT OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION 1917-1919 PART I REPORTS OF THE RUREAU OF STATE ORGANIZATIONS AND OF THE FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS FOR THE V ARIOUS STATES AND DISTRICTS EDITED BY GEORGE EDWIN HOWES WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1920 UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION H. A. Garfield, Fuel Administrator ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION Cyrus Gtirnsey, jr., Assistant Fuel Administrator, General Director REPORT OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION 1917-1919 PART I REPORTS OF THE RUREAU OF STATE ORGANIZATIONS AND OF THE FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS FOR THE VARIOUS STATES AND DISTRICTS EDITED BY GEORGE EDWIN HOWES WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1920 Py^Sb']'] FOREWORD. This volume of the report of the United States Fuel Administration embodies the reports made to the United States Fuel Administrator by the Federal fuel administrators for the various States, and also for New England, the District of Columbia, and the Pittsburgh district, which was made a distinct unit sepa- rate from the rest of Pennsylvania. The reports of the administrators are not given absolutely verbatim. In some instances details not germane to the general scope of the volume have been omitted. The personnel of each State and district is in each case appended to the report as here given. The original reports them- selves are on file in the records of the United States Fuel Administration at Washington. There is included in this volume also the report of the director of the Bureau of State Organizations, because that bureau was the point of contact between the central office of the United States Fuel Adminis- trator and the work of the Federal fuel administrators for the States and districts. George Edwin Howes, Editor. 3 CONTENTS. Page. Foreword, by George Edwin Howes -, Bureau of State Organizations Alabama ^^ Arizona ^° Arkansas 20 California - 27 Colorado ^^ Connecticut ^1 Delaware '52 District of Columbia 64 Florida 66 Georgia 71 Idaho 77 Illinois 79 Indiana 99 Iowa. 108 Kansas 115 Kentucky 121 Louisiana ; 129 Maine 137 Maryland 146 Massachusetts and New England .^'fc. 156 Michigan 175 Minnesota 180 Mississippi 194 Missouri , 196 Montana 206 Nebraska 214 Nevada 224 New Hampshire 235 New Jersey 238 New Mexico 244 New York 248 North Carolina 266 North Dakota 273 Ohio 279 Oklahoma 291 Oregon 302 Pennsylvania ; , 306 Pittsburgh district 32i Rhode Island 328 South Carolina 338 South Dakota ' 34I Tennessee , 344 Texas 355 Utah 361 Vermont 355 Virginia 373 Washington .' 3gl West Virginia 300 Wisconsin ; ^q4 Wyoming ^22 Cuba. 428 4 REPORT OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. PART I. REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF STATE ORGANIZATIONS.^ The United States Fuel Administration was created on August 23, 1917, when, by Executive order of the President, Dr. Harry A. Garfield was appointed United States Fuel Administrator. While the organization of the administration was still in the early stages of development it became evi- dent that, to accomplish effectively the objects for which it was created, there was immediate necessity for a decentralization of administrative power and authority, and that to carry out its national program for reliev- ing and improving fuel conditions, agencies would have to be established throughout the country under the direction of men of influence who could properly and personally represent the United States Fuel Adminis- trator. The various States of the Union being the most conveniently defined territories for this purpose, it was determined to appoint as Federal fuel administrators for each State men who should be selected for their demonstrated ability as weU as for their high character and standing, who would be willing to act without compensation. It was further determined that these administrators should not themselves be connected with or interested in the coal industry, though it was suggested that they might avail themselves of men expe- rienced in or familiar with the business in an advisory capacity, and they were urged to appoint at least one coal representative on their advisory committees. Procuring men of this caliber was, on September 19, 1917, put in the hands of Mr. Walter E. Hope, himself a volunteer, who immediately sought suggestions from the councils of defense in the various States, and from other branches of the Federal and State governments, as well as from outside sources, for the purpose of pre- senting recommendations to the United States Fuel' Administrator for final action. Each State adminis- trator was appointed by Dr. Garfield with the approval of the President, and approximately three-foiu'ths of those finally selected were either members of or suggested by the State councils of defense. The power and authority of the Federal fuel administrators for the various States were specifically set forth in their certificate of appointment which is herewith reproduced. THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT The United States Fuel Administrator, acting under the authority of an Executive order of the President of the United States dated August 23, 1917, appointing said administrator, and in furtherance of said order and of the act of Congress therein referred to and with the approval of the President of the United States, has on the day of designated and appointed (Name of appointee.) of Federal fuel administrator for the State of , to hold office during the pleasure of the United States Fuel Administrator. Said Federal fuel administrator for the State of shall, subject to the provisions of said act of Congress and to orders, rules, and regulations from time to time prescribed by the President of the United States or the United States Fuel Administrator, have power and authority in respect to coal and coke within said States to fix and approve retail prices and gross margins to be charged by dealers, to prescribe and administer reasonable rules for the regulation of the sale, shipment, distribution, apportionment, storage, and conservation of coal and coke within said State, and to perform and do such other acts and things and to exercise such powers as may from time to time be directed, authorized or conferred by the President of the United States or the United States Fuel Administrator. All such prices, gross margins, and regulations shall be subject to modification, revocation or cancellation at any time by the President of the United States or the United States Fuel Ad- ministrator. Said Federal fuel administrator for the State of .is author- ized to appoint State, county and local committees and county and local adminis- trators or other representatives, and to employ such assistants and subordinates as he may deem necessary, and, subject to the approval of the United States Fuel Admin- istrator, to fix the compensation of such assistants and subordinates. H. A. Garfield, United Stales Fuel Administrator. ' Coverlag the entire period of its existence September 19, 1917, to April 30, 1919. 6 REPOET OF ADMINISTKATIVE DIVISION. Thereafter decentralization was carried a step further through the appointment, by the State adminis- trators, of volunteer county or local committees, which represented the administrators in the various counties or communities of each State, and were responsible directly to them. The prunary purpose of the State organizations thus buUt up in the various States was to insure an equitable distribution of fuel within their territories at the most reasonable price to the consumer consistent with a fau- margin of profit to the dealers in the commodity, but the accomplishment of this object involved a mass of arduous detail on which depended the successful operation and very existence of the Fuel Adminis- tration. Among these duties which the administration of their offices developed were: Procuring accurate and detailed figures and statistics of transportation, consumption, and storage; conducting publicity and educa- tional campaigns to the end that all rules and regulations of the Fuel Admmistration be properly understood and carried out; making investigations, reports and adjustments of violations and disputes; initiating plans for conservation appUcable to their particidar localities and not inconsistent with the national program; inves- tigating costs in order that equitable margins and prices might be established; enforcing all rules and regula- tions to the end that there should be no discrimination and that the rights of all should be properly safeguarded, etc. That these unfamiliar tasks, so vital to the success of the Fuel Administration, have been so promptly and efficiently accomplished is due to the unboimded patriotism and enthusiasm of these loyal and devoted volimteers and their assistants. Words can not adequately express proper appreciation of their sacrifice and service, but each of them has "done his bit," and it has been a real inspiration to be associated with them in advancing the cause of humanity. Matters pertaining to production, mine prices, and allocation and distribution from the source were handled from headquarters in Washington, which prevented all opportunities for conflict of authority or bias between administrators of different States. About the middle of November, 1917, administrators had been appointed in every State, but prior to the completion of the entire organization it had become apparent that there must be some one person or depart- ment at headquarters in the Fuel Administration for State administrators to look to for information, inter- pretation of authority, rules, etc., and to be of general assistance to them in the solution of their problems. The State Organization Division, with Mr. Hope as director, was therefore created for the purpose of supervising the organizations and activities of the State fuel administrators and coordinating these activities with those of the national administration and with each other. This division was continued untU May 3, 1918, when at the time of reorganization of the Fuel Administration it became a bioreau imder the adminis- trative division. Mr. Hope served actively as director untU July 1, 1918, when personal affairs required his retiu-n to his own business for a few months. For the period of his absence Mr. Evans Woollen, Federal fuel administrator for Indiana, consented to come to Washington to serve as acting director of the bureau. Early in October, 1918, Mr. Hope was appointed a member of a commission of the Fuel Administration to investio'ate fuel conditions in Great Britain, France, Italy, and Belgium, and he sailed for Eiu-ope on October 15. On October 30 Mr. Woollen was obliged to return to Indianapolis and Mr. Nathan S. Schroeder, who had for more than six months been field representative of the Fuel Administration in the Bureau of State Organizations acted for him until December 13, 1918, when Mr. WooUen resigned as acting director to resume exclusively his duties as Indiana fuel administrator. At the same time, the resignation as director of Mr. Hope, who was still in Em-ope, was made effective, and Mr. Schroeder was formally appointed director of the bureau, in which position he served untU its dissolution on AprU 80, 1919. The method of accompHshmg the objects of the Division or Bureau of State Organizations has been, briefly, through initiating and elaborating the following functions : 1. Acting in an advisory capacity to the United States Fuel Administrator in the selection of State fuel administrators . In all 65 administrators were appointed through recommendation of this bureau; 48 were originaUy selected for the various States, and in addition to these an administrator was appointed for New England and 1 for the District of Columbia. Later an administrator was appomted for the Pittsburgh district covermg six counties m western Pennsylvania, and also 1 for Cuba. AU correspondence referring to their appointments which shows in detaU the method of procedure, is in the files of the Bureau of State Organizations. ' Two administrators, Mr. McDonald, of New Mexico, and Mr. Townes, of Mississippi, died in office. These 2 deaths, with 12 resignations, necessitated the appointment of 13 successors during the life of the adminis- tration. Upon the resignation of Mr. Weaver, of the District of Columbia, no successor was appomted the District being made a branch of the United States Fuel Administration with Mr. Frank G. Jones as director A complete hst of admmistrators, showing their terms of service, is attached hereto as Exhibit A. The bureau has distributed to each living State administrator an engraved certificate of honorable release from service in the Government of the United States during the war. Each certificate was autographed by BUREAU OP STATE ORGANIZATIONS. ( the United States Fuel Administrator and showed the name, title, and period of service. Sixty certificates were issued to the State administrators. 2. Acting in an advisory capacity to State fuel administrators in the selection and organization of their assistants and State and local committees. Following suggestions made by this bm'eau in regard to the form or organization, etc., each State administra- tor appointed an advisory committee, and committees to represent him in various parts of his State. As a general rule county committees were appointed, but in some States local committees were appointed for each city and town. In one or two instances the State was arbitrarily divided into districts due to geographical features and accessibility. Altogether there were appointed 49 advisory committees composed of 310 members and 3,833 county, district, and local committees, composed of 13,964 members. Almost all of these gentlemen were appointed as volunteers and served without pay durmg their terms of service. The personnel of the State and local committee was increased from time to time, and of course fluctuated somewhat through deaths and resig- nations. There were also appointed at various times by the administrators and their committees such assistants and Clerical help as were needed to carry on the work of their organizations. These people were generally attached CO the administrator's personal staff with headquarters in his office. Of such assistants and employees there were in aU 718 volunteers and 1,654 employees. The records do not show the greatest nmnber in service at any one time, but the total personnel engaged in fuel administration work in the State organizations was 16,646, of whom 14,992 were volunteers and 1,654 were salaried employees. A detailed tabulation of this personnel by States is attached hereto as Exhibit B. Com- plete lists of this entire personnel are part of the Bureau of State Organizations' files, both bound in book form by States and in a card index arranged alphabetically for the entire United States. The bureau has distributed an engraved certificate of honorable release from service in the Government of the United States during the war to every member of all the State organizations, both volunteer and salaried employees, who served for a period of three months and was recommended for this recognition by his State administrator. Each certificate was indorsed with Dr. Garfield's facsimile signature, autographed by the appro- priate State administrator, and showed the name, title, and period of service. Thirteen thousand two hundred and twenty-six certificates were issued to members of the State organizations, the responsibility and work of preparation and distribution being under the direction of Mr. J. C. Cotton. 3. Issuing instructions from time to time defining the policies of the national administration, and specifying the authority and duties of the State fuel administrators and their local conimittees. This bureau distributed 217 general letters of instructions and advice to State administrators. A complete set of these is in the files of the Bureau of State Organizations. This bureau has also supervised and assisted in the preparation and distribution of a large number of general letters and instructions to State administrators sent from other bureaus, to the end that consistency and uni- formity should be maintained. Many of these letters from other bureaus are also filed with those mentioned above. 4. Receiving periodical reports from the State fuel administrators and acting as a clearing house for valuable ideas and siiggestions so received. Approximately 400 periodical reports were received from State administrators by the bureau. These were carefully reviewed and much valuable information contained therein was furnished to such States and bureaus as might be interested. These reports are in the files of the bureau and are filed by States. 5. Acting as the Washington representative of the State fuel administrators for the purpose of securing the greatest amoimt of cooperation and coordination between them and the various divisions and bureaus of the National Administration as weU as with other branches and departments of the Government. 6. By the close contact maintained with the State fuel administrators, the bureau was able to confer with and advise the various bureaus of the National Administration of the probable results throughout the States of contemplated orders or regulations. 7. Assistiag the State fuel administrators in applying and carryitig out such orders and regulations as were promulgated by the National Admuiistration. The above three functions were accomplished wholly by general correspondence, by telephone, and by per- sonal conferences and visits. 8. Acting as a headquarters for visiting State fuel administrators and assisting them in conducting their business with the various bureaus of the National Administration, as well as with other branches and depart- ments of the Government. 9. Conducting in Washington or elsewhere occasional conferences of administrators from all the States, or from particular sections or districts, to the end that they might have full knowledge of one another's 8 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. problems and methods, and thereby be better able to cooperate with one another and coordinate their activities. Such conferences were held at various times at administration headquarters in Washington as well as m Kansas City, Salt Lake City, Chicago, Minneapolis, Atlanta, Denver, and Boston. Eepresentatives of this bureau also attended various meetings called by State administrators of their local committeemen for the purpose of addressing them on the national situation and assisting in solving any local problems which might be presented. Reports of many of these conferences are in the files of the biu-eau. 10. Maintaining a field representative for the purpose of visiting the State fuel administrators, not only to render such assistance as might be necessary, but to the end that the director of the bureau be properly informed of conditions in the various States. The activities of the field representative covered the period from April 17, 1918, to the signing of the armistice, November 11, 1918, during which time approximately 30,000 miles were covered, 27 States visited — many of them several times — and various conferences attended. Mr. Nathan S. Schroeder acted in this capacity for the time the office was in existence from April 17, 1918, to April 30, 1919. 11. Maintaining a retail and wholesale department of the naTtional administration for the purpose of advising and assisting the State fuel administrators in establishing reasonable and equitable margins and prices throughout their States, of keeping a record of all such margins and prices established, and of reviewing and deciding on all appeals from the margins and prices established by State fuel administrators, utilizing the services of the Bureau of Investigation where detailed investigations were required. Dxiring the entire period of its existence. May 1, 1918, to April 30, 1919, this department was under the direction of Mr. H. B. Harris, whose complete and detailed report of its various activities is attached hereto as Appendix 1 . 12. Maintaining a comptroller for the purpose of assisting in determining the proper appropriation for each State and supervising the expenditure of such appropriation, of assisting the State fuel administrators and the accoimting bureau in preparing and presenting vouchers from the various States in proper form for payment and of expediting payment thereof by the disbursing office. This department was under the direction of Mr. J. C. Cotton during its entire existence from July 1, 1918, to April 30, 1919. 13. Maintaining a file room in which are kept the originals or copies of all correspondence with State fuel administrators, regardless of the bureau by which they were written or to which they were addressed. This was very essential to the success of the bureau, enabling it to keep in constant touch with all matters conducted by every department with State fuel administrators and having them readily available at all times for reference. Files of the Bureau of State Organizations containing this general correspondence arid aU other matters shown by an index, as well as a complete list of the entire personnel of the Fuel Administration by States, divisions, etc., in book form, and an alphabetical card index of every person throughout the country connected with the Fuel Administration in any capacity, were turned over to the custodian of records at the time of the conclusion of the bureau, April 30, 1919. A report of the activities and accomplishments of the bureau would be far from complete without grateful acknowledgment to the various assistants and members of the force who comprised its personnel and partici- pated in its work. Each had a part to perform, and each performed it well — with a loyalty and devotion which overcame all difficulties, without regard for hours and without hope of unusual reward. Their patriotism and efficiency made the conduct of the bm-eau a light task, their willingness and cheerfulness, often under trying conditions, made it a real pleasure, and to their faithful service is due such measure of success as has been accomplished. Respectfully submitted. N. S. Schroeder, Director Bureau of State Organizations. state. Alabama Arizona Do Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District ol Columbia. Do Floiida Georgia Idaho Do Illinois Do Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Do Missoiul Montana Do Nebraska Nevada New England New Hampshire. . . Do 5^ew Jersey , New Mexico Do New York Do North Carolina , Do North Dakota Ohio Do Oklahoma , ■ Oregon. Pennsylvania Pittsbm^ district. . Rhode Island... . Do South Carolina Do South Dakota Texas Utah Vermont. , Vii, fflnift Washington..., Do WestVlr^iiia.. Wisconsin. Wyoming. . . Cuba , BUREAU OF STATE ORGANIZATIONS. Exhibit A. List of Federal fuel administrators, showing terms oj service. Name. S. p. Kennedy Will L. Clark". Charles M, Shannon H.C. Couch Albert E. Schwabaoher. William J. Galligan Thomas W. Russell Charles H. Ten Weeges. John L. Weaver Frank G. Jones Arthur T. Williams L. G. Hardman Frank R. Gooding C. C. Anderson John E. Williams Raymond E. Durham... Evans Woollen Charles Webster Emerson Carey Wiley B. Bryan John G. O'l^elley J. C. Hamlen Ferdinand A . Meyer James J. Storrow William K. Prudden. . . . John F. McGee C. L. Townes Walter A. Scott Wallace Crossley W.J. Swindlehurst Martin H. Gerry, jr John L. Kennedy E. H.Walker James J. Stonow Charles M. Floyd Hovey E . Slayton Richard C. JenMnson. . . William C. McDonald. . . John W. Poe Albert H. Wiggln Delos W. Cooke .4.. W. Mc.\lister R.C.Norfleet Isaac P. Baker Homer H. Johnson Joeeph H. Frantz P. A.Norrls Fred J. Holmes William Potter D. W. Kubu George H. Holmes Malcolm G. Chace , B. B. Gossett , B.E. Geer W. G. Bickelhaupt W.E.Myer Wiley Blair W. W. Armstrong H.J. M.Jones Harry F. Byrd , R. H. Angell David WhItcomb , Winlock W. Miller J. Walter Barnes W. N. Fitzgerald Augustine Kendall Albert G. Smith Title. Federal fuel administrator. ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Director Federal fuel administrator. do. do. do. do. do. do. .do. -do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ..do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. From— Sept. 29, Oct. 10 Dec. 21 Nov. 1 Oct. 10 Oct. 24 Sept. 29 Oct. 10 Oct. 16 July 3 Nov. n Sept. 28 Oct. 1 Sept. 26 Oct. 13 Aug. 15 Oct. 18 Sept. 28 do .. Oct. 31 Oct. 8 Sept. 29 Nov. 20 Sept. 28 Oct. 15 Oct. 8 .... do., Oct. 31 Oct. 26 Sept. 28 June 18 Oct. 17 Sept. 29 Sept. 28 Sept. 29! Aug. 21 Nov. 19 Oct. 24 June 4 Oct. 9 Julv 23 Sep't. 28: June 28 Oct. 8 Oct. 12 June 28 Sept. 28 Oct. 8 Oct. 2 Dec. 19 Sept. 29 May 19 Oct. 24 Oct. 25 Oct. 31 Oct. 27 Oct. 29! Sept. 28 Sept. 29 Nov. 8 Oct. 28 Sept. 29 June 18 Oct. 2S. Sept. 28 Oct. 29 Jan. 17 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1918 1917 1917 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1918 1917 1917 1918 1917 1917 1917 1917 1918 1917 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1917 1918 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1917 1917 1918 To— Apr. Dec. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr. Mar. 2, 1919 21,1917 27, 1919 2, 1919 5, 1919 15, 1919 2,1919 1,1919 June 26,1918 Dec. 3,1918 Mar. 27,1919 Apr. 5, 1919 Sept. 26, 1918 Apr. 5,1919 15. 1918 2, 1919 27,1919 6, 1919 22. 1919 27, 1919 22, 1919 5,1919 15, 1919 5, 1919 Aug, Apr. Mar. Apr. Mar. Mar. Mar. Apr. Mar. Apr. Do. Do. Oct. 16. Apr Apr. June 18. Apr. 5; Mar. 27, Apr. 6 Do. Aug. 21 Mar. 25 Mar. 31 Apr. 11 Apr. July 23 Apr. 2] June 28, Mar. 31 Mar. 31 June 28^ Mar. 15 Mar. 22; Mar. 27, Mar. 31: Mar. 27! May 19! Mar. 27; Oct. 25, Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr. Oct. Apr. June 18, Apr. 5, Mar. Apr. Mar. Apr. 1918 1919 1919 1918 1919 1919 1919 1918 1919 1919 1918 1919 1918 1919 1918 1919 1919 1918 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 1918 1919 1918 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 1918 1919 1918 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 10 beport of administrative division. Exhibit B. Personnel of State organizations tabulated by States, Ad- visory com- mittees. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. . Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Mem- bers of ad- visory com- mittees. County, city, and local com- mittees. 65 19 79 82 99 182 5 32 159 41 111 102 139 105 118 108 160 21 332 83 86 74 112 43 91 Volun- teer mem- bers of county, city, and local com- mittees. 186 73 288 300 297 574 17 76 509 45 129 212 499 548 '486 305 322 89 1,154 262 336 87 318 144 600 Volun- teers not in- cluding mem- bers of county, city, and local com- mittees. Em- ployees. 3 3 18 27 7 34 2 26 2 27 6 113 33 16 12 19 13 25 32 245 25 23 4 37' 13 5 Total volun- teer and salaried work- ers. 196 83 320 349 313 632 34 33 88 547 61 293 266, 527 570 529 335 360 139 1,417 308 376 98 382 166 615 Ad- visory com- mittees. Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Pittsburgh district . Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Te.xas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Total. Mem- bers of ad- visory com- mittees. County city, and local com- mittees. 18 17 17 28 106 105 70 91 97 36 117 12 49 65 100 9 28 112 122 42 ,53 71 20 Volun- teer mem- bers of county, city, and local com- mittees. 64 115 122 85 405 245 185 719 669 162 1,032 1.52 119 132 386 80 359 387 134 169 286 55 3, 833 13, 964 Volun- teers, not in- cluding mem- bers of county, city, and local com- mittees 2 4 9 4 345 2 3 11 18 6 5 18 6 4 5 Em- ployees. 6 47 14 348 16 37 41 25 5 67 30 34 11 718 Total volun- teer and salaried work- ers. 78 129 185 107 1,108 269 230 776 715 178 1,104 66 81 176 137 164 412 117 377 440 169 190 348 16, 646 APPENDIX I. REPORT OF THE RETAIL AND WHOLESALE COAL SECTION OF THE BUREAU OF STATE ORGANIZATIONS RELATIVE TO RETAIL AND WHOLESALE GROSS MARGINS AND PRICES. ESTABLISHMENT OF MARGINS AND PRICES. Immediately upon the organization of the United States Fuel Administration, it was recognized that regulation was needed for the retail coal dealers of the United States, and to accomplish this purpose temporarily a pubhcation was issued October, 1917. This publication established the maximum retail gross margins and prices which retail coal dealers throughout the United States would be permitted to charge until a thorough and systematic method could be devised and put into effect. INVESTIGATION OF PRICES AND COSTS. With the appointment of State fuel administrators and their local committees, it was foreseen that they would, because of their familiarity with local conditions, be in the best position to establish more equitable maximum margins and prices than those made effective by this publication. Therefore, in a letter dated October 12, 1917, Dr. Garfield authorized and requested all State fuel administrators through their local committees to make a careful investigation both of the prices being charged for coal by the retail dealers and of the cost of conducting the retail coal business within their respective communities. To aid the State administrators and their local committees in making such investigations a supply of blanks, especially prepared for the purpose of securing the costs of each retail coal dealer, was distributed in October, 1917. ENFORCEMENT. So that the maximum retail prices established by the publication issued October 1, 1917, could be exanodned and enforced during the period consumed by the State administrators and their local committees in making their investigations, a report form entitled "Retailers' Report of Cost and Selling Prices, Margins, and Com- parative Tonnages of Coal and Coke, All Grades, Kinds, and Sizes," was issued through the State organizations to the retail coal dealers throughout the country. The dealers were obliged to fill out these reports every 15 days and file them once a month with the chairman of their local committee. UNIFORMITY. On November 9, 1917, the Bureau of State Organizations sent to all State fuel administrators a general letter which suggested a uniform method of handling the retail price situation in their respective States. CONFIRMATION OF PRICES. On December 8, 1917, Dr. Garfield issued a general order which confirmed and approved all maximum retail gross margins and prices "heretofore and hereafter" put in effect by any State fuel administrator, subject, however, to modification either by the administrator making or approving such price or margin or by the United States Fuel Administrator. SUPERVISION. Due to the complex details of conducting investigations for establishing margins and prices, with which local committees were in many instances unfamiliar, the Bureau of State Organizations on March 21, 1918, distributed with a general letter to all State administrators a supply of blank forms entitled "Report of Retail Coal Dealers' Gross Margins in Effect, April 1, 1918." Each retail dealer was expected to fill out at once the form in duplicate, one copy for his local committee and one copy for the Bureau of State Organizations, thereby providing the National Administration at Washington with the opportunity to scrutinize margins and prices which had been established and to make suggestions for revision where they appeared inequitable. REORGANIZATION. At this time, while consideration was being given to the advisability of having the Bureau of Prices handle retail and wholesale prices (though this bureau was engaged to capacity in fixing the price of coal at the mines), Mr. Hebbard of the Bureau of State Organizations was attending to the retail price correspondence and inquiries. Owing to the volume of these inquiries and the amount of detail resulting from instructions previously issued, it was thought best, because retail prices were so vital to and were handled by the State administrators through their local committees, to establish a retail section within the Bureau of State Organizations to which all inquiries on the subject should be referred. 12 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. The retail and wholesale price section of the Bureau of State Organizations was therefore organized on May 1, 1918, and put under the direction of Mr. H. B. Harris who had been engaged as an agent of the Federal Trade Commission in conducting investigations of retail costs and prices for the Fuel Administration. DUTIES OF LOCAL COMMITTEES. On May 3, 1918, a general letter entitled "Memorandum Eegarding Duties of Local Committees" was distributed to all State fuel administrators by the Bureau of State Organizations. This letter primarily related to local committees' duties and methods of procedure in establishing and revising maximima retail margins and prices. RECORDS. Through retail reports from State administrators, the retail section compiled a complete list of every margin and price established throughout the country, revising it from time to time as changes were approved by the State administrators. These records are preserved and are filed in the Bureau of State Organizations. BUREAU OF INVESTIGATIONS. For nearly a year the services of the field section of the Federal Trade Commission had been utilized by the Fuel Administration in conducting investigations, but on July 3, 1918, this section was transferred by the President from the Federal Trade Commission to the United States Fuel Administration, and the services of its members placed at the disposal of the retail price section. Wherever local fuel committees and State adminis- trators were experiencing difficulty in arriving at a proper and satisfactory margin or price, one of these men was dispatched to conduct a detailed cost investigation of the retailers' books and place the information thus secured before the State administrator, their local committee, and the retail section. HEARINGS. In a few of the larger cities where such investigation failed to provide adequate means for the establishment of margins and prices which were agreeable to all concerned, Mr. Harris held meetings of the retail dealers, the public, and the State administrator or his local committee, and was invariably able to adjust their differences and enable the State administrator to establish a margin or price both just to the dealers, fair to the consuming public, and satisfactory and acceptable to both. COOPERATION. From time to time Mr. Harris personally visited the administrators of the most important coal consuming States, thereby rendering them assistance in solving or anticipating their troubles, and enabling the adminis- tration to keep in close touch with local problems and conditions. FLAT PRICES. In some instances permission was requested to establish a flat maximum retail price, and this permission was granted wherever it appeared that such action would best serve the interests of the community. APPEALS. On August 16, 1918, a publication was issued by Dr. Garfield establishing a method of procedure for appeal from orders and rulings of State administrators establishing maximum retail margins and prices. However, because of the methods adopted to bring about voluntary agreements, only four formal appeals were taken to Washington. These appeals were from the cities of Memphis, Tenn., Indianapolis, Ind., Mianeapolis, Minn., and the town of Dyersburg, Tenn. Data and information relative to these appeals may be found in the files of the Bureau of State Organizations. WHOLESALE. Owing to the fact that so few concerns were engaged as wholesale coal dealers, no rules or regulations covering this branch of the industry were issued until June 1, 1918. No difficulty was encountered in the estab- lishment or enforcement of wholesale margins except on coal moving by boat along the New England coast and this difficulty was removed at a hearing in New York City held by Mr. Woollen, then acting director of the Bureau of State Organizations, and attended by the State fuel administrators for Massachusetts, Connecticut, Ehode Island, New York, and New Jersey, and the wholesale dealers interested. TERMINATION. On February 1 , 1919, all rules and regulations afFectmg the retail and wholesale prices of coal were suspended by the United States Fuel Administration, and since then this section has been engaged in properly compiling for preservation and future reference a record of its activities and assisting the director of the Bureau of State Organizations in other details necessary to terminate the bureau properly. Respectfully submitted. H. B. Harris. April 30, 1919. FINAL REPORTS OF THE FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS FOR THE VARIOUS STATES AND DISTRICTS. ALABAMA. On the date of August 23, 1917, at which time, through an act of Congress approved August 10, 1917, the Fuel Administration received its inception, the stupendous task of putting into motion this important feature of the national security and defense was assumed by Dr. H. A. Garfield as United States Fuel Admin- istrator. On September 29, 1917, I received my appointment as State fuel administrator. I then immediately assumed the duties of the ofl&ce, and by October, 15, 1917, I had organized the administration affairs of the State, consistiug of 191 members, both paid and volunteers. The completed organization consisted, first of all, of an advisory board composed of the following members: Mr. Robert Jemison, sr., chairman, Birmingham, Ala.; Mr. Theodore K. Jackson, Mobile, Ala.; Mr. J. J. Bradley, Huntsville, Ala.; Mr. Reid Barnes, Opelika, Ala.; Mr. J. C. Henderson, Troy, Ala. The headquarters of the admimstration were located at Anniston, Ala.; and associated with me was Mr. John B. Lagarde as executive secretary of the administration, appointed October 16, 1917. The ofiice force consisted of Miss Mary T. Murphy, private secretary; Miss Belle Huger, file clerk and typist; and Mr. G. A. Hagan, chief clerk. In each county, 67 in number, there was appointed a local committee consisting of a chairman, who assumed the responsibility of the local fuel administrator of his coimty, and of three to six members as associate members or committeemen. The selection of these men was made from the best repre- sentative types of business men and men of affairs in their respective counties and the success which the admin- istration has enjoyed and the satisfaction given so generally throughout the State are due in a large measure to the patriotic and imtiring cooperation of these committeemen. On December 12, 1917, I appointed Mr. John B. Fitzgerald, city editor of the Anniston Star, as publicity man. Mr. Fitzgerald rendered valuable service to the administration by giving wide publicity to all rulings and regulations that were issued b.y me and from Washington from time to time. During the late fall and early winter months of 1917 the domestic coal situation of the State was in a most deplorable condition, due almost entirely to the fact that the consumers of domestic coal had been informed from some source that it would be inexpedient to lay in their winter's supply of coal during the summer, as was their former custom. They pursued the method of purchasing coal as it was needed. The result of this impression, that seemed to be pretty general throughout the State, was that at the approach of one of the hardest and severest winters this section of the country had known for a generation not only were the cellars of the people of Alabama bare of coal, but the production of coal had been reduced to the very minimum. The administration then set out upon its task, which was difficult in the extreme. On November 27, 1917, the 1-ton dehvery order was issued. This enabled a more general distribution of the limited supply of coal to be made to the consumer without the necessity of the card system, which seemed to be the rule in other States. In the early days of the administration it was apparent that a feeling of apprehension was entertained by some of the coal operators because of Federal control of their business. Nevertheless, as the emergency arose, with very few exceptions, the coal operators of Alabama cooperated with the State fuel administrator so fully that what seemed to be an almost impossible task was eventually concluded most satisfactorily to both operator and consumer. There was not a single case of absolute or severe suffering, although perhaps some discomfort and apprehension were most naturally experienced. Time, however, showed that these fears were unwarranted.- During the five days' suspension order, January 18 to 22, there were diverted from industries 5,250 tons of coal to the domestic consumer, which prevented serious suffering that might have occurred at that period of the year. It is gratifying to relate that the industries included in the five days' suspension order responded most cheerfully and willingly. However, being keenly alive to the necessity of production as a war measure, I protested against the indiscriminate suspension of all business operation through the order of "heatless Mon- days" and I endeavored to secure the cooperation of the administrators of North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi in the contention that, due to climatic conditions in this latitude, the order for the fuelless days, as promulgated by you, was not only without distinctive merit, but was an unnec- 13 14 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. essary hardship. This resulted in a general suspension by you of the "heatless Monday" rule in the States mentioned. The United States Fuel Administration through you estabUshed and controlled the prices at the mines, which were revised from time to time, and which were on the whole equitable. However, on several occasions there was a distinct act of injustice practiced upon the people of Alabama, which, imfortunately, seemed to be within the scope of protection afforded by the Government prevailing. prices, whereby two operators embarked in a coal business by recovering a refuse pile of accumulated slack, the washings for over 15 years of one of Alabama's mines, and shipped this refuse coal irnder the prevailing prices. Technically these shippers were complying with the rules of the Fuel Administration, but, as a matter of fact, the product that was being loaded was so worthless and unmerchantable that I took a firm stand against this practice and brought about the estabUshment of the inspection system for the State. After this system had become operative, the practice of shipping dirty coal was reduced to a minimum. During the serious and trying days of the early winter of 1917 the governor of the State of Alabama rendered most valuable aid in relieving the domestic coal shortage by requiring several mines in the State that were being operated by convict labor to divert their entire output for Alabama's exclusive consumption. Your restriction of gasoline consumption by pleasure automobiles on Sundays was observed in every par- ticular throughout the entire State wherever the scope of the regulation was understood. There were several instances brought to my attention of noncompliance with these restrictions ; but investigation showed that the ruling was not thoroughly understood. After its purpose was well known, the general acceptance of the restric- tion was complete in every particular. It must be remembered that, though Alabama is a large coal-produciug State, a great amount of its coal is shipped into Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Until a system inaugurated by you was developed by which each State was allotted a certain percentage of Alabama's output, there was no definite amount of coal to be depended upon. The natural result was that coal moved in a direction controlled entirely by the operators. On October 1, 1918, the bureau of State conservation was created, which had for its purpose perhaps one of the most far-reaching economic features of the Fuel Administration. Unfortunately, this conservation feature was developed long after the inception of the administration. In selecting the directing heads of this depart- ment, care was exercised to secure the most capable and reputable men of technical knowledge throughout the country. At my recommendation, Mr. Erskine Ramsay, perhaps one of the best informed technical men in the coal business in the entire South, was appointed chief of conservation for the State of Alabama, and Mr. H. M. Gassman, associate chief. In the limited time in which this bureau has operated, the way has been paved, if the recommendations of this department are observed, through which the large industrial consumers of coal may adopt many features of economy. This service will be productive of good in the years to come. I submit, herewith attached, Mr. Ramsay's report in detail, Exhibit A. At times the criticisms of the Fuel Administration functions brought up the question as tojwhat the general condition would have been had not the Administration been created with the proper authority and supervision over prices and supply of coal. It is a pretty well-estabhshed opinion that, had there been no Fuel Adminis- tration, certain high-grade coal of the State would have sold at $8 to $10 per ton at the mines; this increase in price would not have been entirely due, however, to the operators but to the anxiety of the consumer, caused by the general perturbed state of affairs which were without parallel in the history of the country. Consumers who were able to do so would doubtless have offered prices that would have made it impossible for the less fortimate ones to receive or to purchase more than a limited amount of coal, if any at all. For this reason, if for no other, the efforts of the Fuel Administration have been most profitable for the people of the State. Alabama's production of coal for the year 1916-17 was upwards of 21,000,000 tons, and for the year 1917-18 was at the rate of approximately 20,000,000. The Fuel Administration's jurisdiction embraced not only aU domestic fuel, but also industrial fuel, and, when it is considered that Alabama's pro rata of its own production was 93.5 per cent, an idea of the magnitude of the duties assumed by the State administrator becomes apparent. Under the recent instructions from Washington the fuel administrator, as such, ceases to exist after January 31, 1919 [really March 31]. In the task of winding up the affairs in an orderly manner, and in accountiug to you, it is gratifying for me to report that the total expenses incurred in the organization, from its inception to the end, including rent and expenses of the Jefferson County fuel administration office, together with that of the bureau of conservation, approximates $10,500 for a period extending from October 15, 1917, to February 15 1919. ' ' Respectfully submitted. S. P. Kennedy Federal Fuel Administrator for Alahama. Anniston, Ala., March 28, 1919. FRDERAL PUEL ADMINISTKATOBS. 15 Exhibit A. ACTIVITIES OF THE BUREAU OF CONSERVATION. (1) STATIONARY STEAM PLANTS. Considerable time was required to secure a list of the stationary steam plants of the State, but a complete list of such plants was finally compiled from many sources. In the latter part of October questionnaires were sent out to approximately 800 plants. By the time the armistice was signed nearly one-half of these had been returned more or less completely filled out; such plants were about to be rated, but further activities in this direction were limited to voluntary assistance in matters of fuel economy, and we did not insist upon the remainder of the questionnaires being returned. Of those that were returned, we found that a very large percentage were desirous of cooperating to reduce the fuel consumption. Many questionnaires stated that improvements were being made or were contemplated and would be completed as soon as equipment or material could be secured. While no definite figures can be given, the campaign has undoubtedly resulted in an appre- ciable reduction in the fuel consumed in such plants, without requiring any unusual expenditure. A great many of these stationary steam plants are cotton mills, which are considered the most economical as a class. On the other hand, there are a great many lumber mills where the question of fuel economy does not enter, as they burn refuse exclusively. Between these two extremes are plants, particularly the mining and smaller public utUities, where the greatest saving is possible; and it was on this class of plants that we expected to concentrate our efforts. (2) DOMESTIC. No effort was made to conserve fuel for domestic use, for the reason that the heating season here is very short; a great deal of wood is burned and a great many open fire grates are used. For saving fuel in large ofl5.ce buildings, in hotels, and in apartment houses, copies of the Fuel Administration pamphlet for such build- ings have been distributed largely all over the State. The hotels were furnished with a copy of the room card, relating to turning off lights and heat when a person left the room. These cards are being sent out as requests are made for them, and to date approximately 1,500 have been issued. (3) SUBSTITUTION OF WOOD FOB COAL. In the lower half of the State of Alabama wood is burned for power as well as for domestic purposes, except in the larger plants. Many of the smaller utihties there and a large number of the indxistrial plants requiring a small amotmt of steam power, have been burning wood ever since coal has become difficult to seciu'e and high in price. No special campaign has been carried on toward substituting wood for coal, as the difficidty of getting coal and the abundance of wood aU over the State have automatically taken care of this feature of the work. (4) CONSOLIDATION OE INTERCONNECTION OF CENTRAL STATIONS. Nothing has been accomplished in this direction ; in fact, there are not more than two or three stations located in the State where such a scheme is possible. These were not developed because of the lack of time and because of the concentration of effort on the stationary steam plants. (5 AND 6) CLOSING DOWN OP ISOLATED PLANTS AND SUBSTITUTING WATER POWER FOR STEAM POWER. These two subjects are combined because, in the northern part of the State where most of the power is used, the Alabama Power Co. furnishes water power directly or indirectly to a large number of industrial plants. This water power is supplemented at certain periods of the year by a relatively small amount of steam power, for which due allowance is made in estimating the fuel saved in this heating. During the year 15 plants were shut down by substituting water power, and an estimated saving of 40,000 tons of coal was made by such substitution during the year 1918, which to date amounts to approximately 50,000 tons. (7) STREET RAILWAYS. It has been difficult to determine the saving brought about by the skip-stop system and the lightless nights,' as these were not very large items compared to the total power developed, and in most cases it was impossible to measure them by comparing the power consumed previous to and during the period when these regulations were in effect, on account of a natural increase in the power load, the changes in equipment, etc. As far as can be determined, a saving of about 15 per cent was made on the skip-stop system. On this basis there has -been a saving to date of approximately 2,500 tons. No definite data could be secured on the saving brought about by the lightless nights. (8) COMBINATION OF ICE PLANTS AND REFRIGERATING PLANTS. Nothing has been accomphshed along this line on account of the lack of time and the fact that so many plants were idle for the usual winter repairs and overhauling. 16 REPOBT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION'. ALABAMA. Name. Kennedy, S. P STATE ADVI30KT BOAKD. Jemison, Robert ,sr. Jackson, T. K Bradley, Joseph J. . . Barnes, Beid Henderson, J. C STATE OFFICE PEKSONNEL. Lagarde, John B Ramsay, Erskine Oassman, H. M Conkliug, Mrs. Bertha Hagan, G. A Huger, Belle Mnrphy, Mary T Title. State fuel administrator. Chairman. Executive secretary Chief of conservation As.sistant chief of conservation. , Typist and flle clerk Chief clerk Stenographer and flle clerk /Stenographer and private secre- \ tary. Official station. 1130 Noble Street, Anniston. Birmingham. Mobile Huntsville . . . Opelika Troy?; 1130 Noble Street, Anniston. Birmingham Anniston do do do ► do. Home address. Woodstock Avenue, Anniston Birmingham Mobile Huntsville Opelika Troy Anniston Birmingham 325 Summit Avenue, Birmingham Anniston , Noble Apartment, Anniston , 1901 Wilmer Avenue, Anniston . . . 519 Leighton Avenue, Anniston . . . Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V S V Served. From— Sept. 29, 1917 Sept. 29, 1917 do ....do ....do ....do Oct. 16,1917 do Oct. 1, 1918 1,1918 15, 1918 1, 1918 15, 1917 1, 1917 Jan July July /Oct. tDec. To— Apr. 2, 1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. Jan. Mar. Feb. Feb. Mar. Nov. Feb. 15,1919 IS, 1919 1, 1919 28. 1918 15. 1919 15, 1919 30, 1917 1,1919 FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. COUNTY FXTEL COMMITTEES. Autauga County: Northington, Al., chair- man. Duncan, J. G Jones, Dr. J. D Baldwin County: Stone, Frank H., chairman. Barbour County: Oppenheimer, J., chair- man. Caldwell. C. G Pniitt, 0. P Bibb County: Jones, H.H., chairman. Blount County: Cheney, Fr., chairman . Sloan, James B Haygood, Walter M Bullock County: Miles, P. F., chairman . Keller, R. C, chairman . Cartledge, L. E McLendon, C. A Butler County: Hamilton, C. E., chair- man. Winkler, Hon. R. 0.... Wilkinson, Broughton . . Chambers County: Jones, Thomas T., chair- man. Frazer, A. R Trammell, Lee Adams, Charles H. (as- sociate committeeman) Cherokee County: Reed, Hugh, chairman. . CUfton, W. M Chesnut, E. J Chilton County: Higgins, Guy, chairman. Choctaw County: Cook, A. B., chairman. . Green. John McAlhster, Charles Clarke County: Tucker, A. B., chairman. Clay County: Mattison, G. A., chair- man. Allen, C.B Green, W.J Cleburne County: Stevens, J. B., chairman. Coflee County: McGiloray, W. A.,ohair- man. Peacock, Dr. W. (' Garrett, 1 M Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Prattville. do do Bay Minette. Eufaula. do Clayton Centerville. AUgood. . Oneonta. do... Union Springs do James Omega Greenville.. .do... .do... Shawmut . . . La Fayette.. Five points . Lanett Center Cedar Blufl. Gaylesville. . Clanton Lisman Emory Mount Sterling, Thomasville Ashland. ....do..., Lineville. Heflin.... Enterprise. ....do KIha V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Oct. 22,1917 do , do July 1,1918 Oct. 15,1917 do..., do..., do.... .do. .do. .do. ....do June 22,1918 Oct. 15,1917 ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do. do do Jan. 16,1918 Oct. 15,1917 do do Oct. 26,1917 Oct.- 15,1917 do do do , -...do , ....do , do Jan. 2, 1918 ....do ...do. ...do. To— Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 1,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. June 21,1918 Feb. 1, 1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 1,1919 Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 1,1919 Do. Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMIT- TEES — continued. Colbert County: Juhan, Fr. N., chairman. Sherrod, John Cook.S.C Conecuh County: Long, R. R., chairman. . Betts, Dr. W. F Dees.H.L Coosa County: White, D. M., chairman. Bentley, Col. C. S Epps,T.D Covington County: Hendersoii, T. E., chair- man. Goodwin, T. A Crenshaw County: Stoddard, W. H., chair- man. Ketler, Chas. L Cullman County: Stiefelmeyer, C. A., chairman. Bain, A. G Kilpatrick, J. M Dale County: Dowling, G. P., chair- man. Smith, M. A Chalker.B.H Dallas County: Jones, W. E., chairman, Cater,P. A Vamon, W.N Dekalb County: Russell, W. W., chair- man. Hall.IrbyC Scott, Chas. J Elmore County: Holley, J. M., chairman, Sedberry, G. F.,jr MoGaskey, F. B., Dr..., Escambia County: Gordon, O.M.,ohairman, Townsend, W.M , Patterson, H. H , .Etowah County: Cross, C.F.J chairman... Towers, A. A., chairman. Noojin, R. McCord, W. T Wragg, Otis. . ■bCo ■ FayetteCounty: Jeffries, B. F., chairman Peters, E. F., chairman. Goodwin, E.P Vandlver, E. R Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Sheffield...: Tuscurabia.. Sheffield Evergreen. do Repton Goodwater. do do Andalusia.. Florala Luveme... .do. Cullman. .do .do Ozark. ...do. ...do. SeUna. . do. do. Fort Payne. Collinsvllle.. Fort Payne. Wetumpka.- do do Brewton.. Flomaton. Atmore... Gadsden do Attalla...' Alabama City. Gadsden Fayette. do... do... do... V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Oct. 15,1917 ....do....... do , ....do ....do...... ....do ....do ....do ....do Oct. 24,1917 ....do Oct. 15,1917 ....do Oct. 29,1917 do do Oct. 15,1917 do do Oct. 26,1917 do.. do Oct. 15,1917 do do Nov. 13,1917 do , do Oct. 15,1917 do do Apr. 9, 1918 Oct. 15,1917 do do , do , June 12,1918 Oct. 24,1917 do.. do To— Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Apr. 8,1918 Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. June 11,1918 Feb. 1,1919 Do. FEDERAL, FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. ALABAMA— Continued . FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 17 Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMIT- TEES — continued. Franklin Countv: Clark, J. M.", Dr., chair man. McNeeley, L. C Creighton, R.W Geneva County: Boswell, E. C, chairman. Morris, Wilbur Harrison, Jas. V Q?eene County: Barnes, B. B., chairman. DemovUIe, A. B Steele,!. D.,jr.. Hale County: Taylor, H. A., chairman. Lawson, L. J., jr... Waller, Chas. E., jr Henry Countv: lUllor.R.'W., chairman Houston County: Hill, E. H., chairman. . Jackson Countv: Talley, Judge Jno. D., chsjrman. Jefferson County: Fowlkes, F. B., chair- man. Lloyd, C. B., secretary. Duncan, J. H., secretary Nelson, A. W., secretary Brown, Eugene L. . Cabamss, E. H Caheen, Sol Lathrop, Fi^ik Moody, Lee Lamar County: Redden, B. C, chairman. Matthews, C. V.. Johnson, S. G '" Lauderdale County : Jordan, C. E., chairman LuMe, H. P Drane, R.W...'.." Willingham, H. J '.. Lawrence County: Hebman, A. F., chair- man. Lee, W.J Landers, Edgar Lee County: Glower, Geo. E., chair- man. Shi, B. L Floyd, Dr. Ashby. ['.'.'.'.. Limestone County: Hendricks, race, chair- man. Cartwiight, L. P Gray, Fred. , Lowndes County: Rogers, E. L chairman. Douglas, Archie Kimbrough, Dr. J.. Macon Coimty: Preer, Peter, chairman. . Brown, L. J Lewis, L. C. . Madison County: Terry, T. T., chairman. Bradley, John J.... Marengo County: Mayer, Robert,chairman. SpurUn, W. D.^hairman. Hearin, Jesse B Dunn, Jno. C Marion County: White, V. R., chairman. Frost, W. A Oden, Olin Marshall County: Lusk, Dr. P. B., chair- man. Gtover, T. W., chairman. Bailey, H. G Thomason, T. L Official station. Russellville . . Red Bay Russellville. Hartford. Samson . . Hartford . Eutaw.. Boligee.. Eutaw.. Greensboro.. do do Abbeville . . Dothan Scottsboro. Birmingham . . . do do do do do do do Bessemer... Vemon. do.. do.. Florence. do... do... do... Courtland. . Town Creek., Hillsboro Opelika. Auburn. , Phcenix., Athens. . do.... Elkmont. . Hayneville do Lowndesboro . Tuskegee.. do do.... Htmtsville . ....do Demopolis . do ....do Linden Hamilton. .. Hackleburg . Winfleld.... Guntersville... ....do Boaz Albertville \'olun- teer or salary V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Oct. 15,1917 do do do , do do do do do do do do Nov. 13,1917 do Nov. 15,1917 Oct. 15,1917 Nov. 7,1917 Nov. 20, 1917 Oct. 1, 1918 Oct. 15,1917 do do do do To- Feb. Mar. 1,1919 1,1919 .do. .do. .do. ....do ....do ....do ....do Nov. 22,1917 .do. .do. Oct. 15,1917 .do. .do. .do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. Nov. 14,1917 do do Jan. 17,1918 do Oct. 15,1917 June 26,1918 Oct. 15,1917 do .do. .do. .do. do July 8, 1918 Oct. 15,1917 do Do, Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Nov. 19,1917 Sept. 30, 1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Mar. 1, 1919 June 25,1918 Feb. 1, 1919 Mar, 1, 1919 Do. Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. July 7, 1918 Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMIT- TEES — continued. Mobile County: Staples, A.L., chairman. Lyon, Windham Pmous, Edw. (deceased) Monroe County: Bugg, L. J., chairman, . . Mason, W. J Maxwell, D. M Montgomery County: Hughes, Henry W. chairman. Peagles, Geo. S Hardaway, Jas Morgan County: Patterson, Jno., chair- man. Calvin, J. H, Ofncial station. Wiggins, M. D Perry County: Davidson, A. C, chair- man. Hogue, Hubert Pickens County: Bell, A. E., chairman. . . Collins, Geo. M Summerville, J. M Pike County: Dodson, M. N., chairman. Wilhams, Jno. D Base.F. C Randolph County: Wnght, J. C, chairman. Grady, J. W MoMurray, W. H , Russell County: Baldwin, W. J., chair- man. Iflwis, L. J., chairman. . Ragland, H. T Anderson, T. W St. Clair County: Rennie, T. H., chairman. Cogswell, Sumter Hodges, R. R Shelby County; Lyman, Judge E. S., chairman. Eason,M. P White, Jas. R Sumter County: Patton,W. W., chairman, Pinson, Jno. H McGowan,T. P Talladega County: Frank, W. M., chairman, Hardin, A. H Hill,G.B Tallapoosa County; Nolen, Ray, chairman. . . Pittman, Walter, chair- man. Lovelace, J. H Tuscaloosa County: Fitts, Jas. H., chairman. Bonham, W. E Christian, T. W Walker County; Crowe, Dr. P. S., chair- man. Acuff, J.D Sudduth, Henry Washington County; Morgan, L. W., chair- man. Wilcox County: Godbolt, N. D,, chair- man. Splva, D.J Mcintosh, D. M Winston Countv: Mayhall, W. V., chair- man. Tubb, Chester Shank, B.F Mobile . ....do. ....do. Monroeville... Beatrice Roy Montgomery . . .do. .do. Albany . . Decatur. . Hartsells. Uniontown. Marion CarroUton. do Aliceville.. Troy do Brundldge . Roanoke. do... do... Seale do Girard Seale Pell City. do Ashville.. Montevallo. Calera Columbiana. . . Livingston. Geiger Cuba Talladega . . do Sylacauga Alexander City, Camp Hill Dadeville. Tuscaloosa. do Northport.. Dora Jasper Carbon Hill. Tolnette . . . . Camden. , .do. .do. Haley ville. . Volun- teer or salary. do Natural Bridge. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Oct. 15,1917 do , ....do , ..do.. ..do. ..do. .do. .do., .do.. Oct. 24,1917 do do Dec. 10,1917 do To— Oct. 15,1917 do do ..do. ..do. ,.do. Nov. 27,1917 do ....do Oct. 24,1917 July 15,1918 Oct. 24,1917 do Oct. 15,1917 do do .do. ..do. ..do. Oct. 24,1917 do do , .do. .do. -do. do Apr. 17,1918 Oct. 24,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 ....do ....do ....do. ....do. ....do. Oct. 15,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 do do Oct. 24,1917 do ...do Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 1,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Veb. 1, 1919 Do. Da Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 18,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 122602—20- ARIZONA. Owing to the fact that Arizona has no producing coal mines, together with the further fact that our seasons for burning fuel are so very short, our activities have been very limited, especiaUy when compared with those of the eastern or middle western States where the winter season is long drawn out and rigorous. Hence it will seem that we had no difficult problems to contend with from the standpoint of production and few m the matter of preventing a shortage. I do not wish to convey the impression that Arizona is barren of coal; in the northeastern part of the State there are known to exist large coal measures, but they are not accessible at the present time, as they have not been opened up and developed. However, they only await capital and transportation lines to make Arizona one of the principal coal-producing States in the Union. Arizona is a mountainous State, and while the high altitudes are subject to low temperatures, yet nature has wisely provided these sections with an ample growth of various kinds of trees; hence there is no danger of shortage of fuel in these localities. This is not true of the lower altitudes, and it is there that coal is always universally used as fuel; but, as stated above, the seasons are short and most consumers are able to lay in sufficient coal early in the winter to carry them through to warm weather. So, all in all, our task has been rather an easy one when compared with that of other sections of the country. I have had to deal more particularly with the stabilizing of prices from dealer to consumer, but I believe that we handled the matter in a way that was satisfactory to both. At any rate, we had few complaints, and those that did crop up were generally very easily adjusted. My report of December 14 covers our field of activities pretty generally and deals, in a limited way, with the history incidental to the fuel organization and with the physical conditions of the State. Copy of Report of December 14, 1918. After having been honored by you with the appointment, dated December 21, 1917, to succeed the Hon. W. L. Clark, my predecessor, I assumed the responsibilities of the office and I have since then done my duty as best I saw it, and I have endeavored ever and always to follow your instructions, as well as the rules and regulations promulgated by you, to the best of my ability and with as much promptness and dispatch as was possible under the circumstances. In taking over the office from my predecessor, I found that he had eflEected a most complete and thorough State organization, his county and city committees everywhere being composed of the most representative business men of their respective communities ; hence I made no changes in the personnel of these committees, and I am glad to be able to add that every member of every committee responded wilUngly and did his full duty whenever called upon and worked in complete harmony with me. With this complete unity of action on the part of the local committees, due to the thorough organization of my predecessor, to whom credit is due, we went through the winter of 1917-18 without any great shortage of fuel being reported anywhere in the State, and I am constrained to say that the same condition promises to prevail this coming winter. Our greatest difficulty was in stabilizing prices and to put into effect a gross margin which should be satis- factory and just to aU concerned. So varied is the physical condition of the various localities of the State that we found it rather a difficult task to equaUze conditions. Hence, we had to establish a gross margin in many instances to suit the local conditions, and we believe now that we have the matter worked out to the satisfaction of the dealer and the consumer alike. I ever had in mind the matter of expenses in conducting affairs entrusted to me, and I always tried to keep expenses down to the minimum. I never had more than one employee (a secretary) in the office; I bought very little office equipment and furniture, borrowing whenever possible; and I always obtained the cheap"est possible rent in the matter of an office, and I did very little traveling, as the records will show. We may have failed in other respects, but I believe that you will agree with me that we have not been extravagant. Trusting that the foregoing report will be fully sufficient and ample for the uses of the United States Fuel Administration, and with the assurance that we will gladly give any further information that may be desired. I am. Very sincerely, C. M. Shannon, Federal Fuel Administrator for ArizoTui. Phoenix, Ariz., March 10, 1919. 18 FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 19 ARIZONA. Title. Ofllcial station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To- Clark, WilUam L Federal Building, Phoenix do 118N. Central Avenue, Phoenix... V V V V s s V s Oct. 10,1917 Dec. 21,1917 Deo. 21,1917 Feb. 4,1918 Oct. 25,1918 Oct. 22,1917 May 1,1918 Nov. 2,1918 Apr. 1, 1918 Dec 21 1917 RhftTlTlOTl, f^, M . do Mar 27 1919 STATE ADVISORY BOAKD. Croafl, Thos. J Feb. 28,1919 Marks, BamettE do do do Do. STATE OmCE PERSONNEL. Forest, Jno. C Feb. 28,1919 Kelly, Raymond J do ,...' 1609 West Washington Street, Phoenix. 616 Ea.st Roosevelt Street, Phoenix Phoenix Mar. 31,1918 McAnrtrew, Tiifi X Secretary and stenographer Chairman hotel conservation Masonic Temple, Flagstaff Phoenix Mar. 15 1919 SchuUer, Garrett B Feb. 28,1919 do do Apr. 30,1918 FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. COUNTY yXTEL COMMITTEES. Apache: Jarvis, Heber, chairman. Gibbons, W.H Udall,L.S Cochise: Smith, Bertram L., chairman. Fraser,S. F Hughes, E. A Coconino: Beeson, 'Wm., chairman. Brand, B.B Taylor, R.E Gila: Cumett, J. M. , chairman . Ingram ,C. A Mayer, Jos. F Graham: Jacobson,G.P., chairman, Paxton.U.I Sloan, K. W Greenlee: Witt, W. T., chairman.. Cansler, D. M Davis, W. R Maricopa: Peterson, C. W., chair- man. Bowen, W. K Bradshaw, J. R Brawner, W. F Mohave: Stewart, S. D., chairman . Devine, Thomas Maddox, J.C Ruggles, W. O Stephens, W. B Thompson, E. F Navajo: Cornelius, G. E.. chair- man (resigned). Walton, R. B., chair- man. Fairfield, C. W., secre- tary. Official station. Flake, M.L Jordan, G. J Kaulman, R. C . Mahoney, J. F.. Qulnlan, L. W.. Scourse, Wm — Smith, C.V Smith, Jos. F... St. Johns. ....do.... ....do.... Bisbee. Douglas Tombstone.. Flagstaff. do... do... Globe.. do. do. Safford. do.. do.. Duncan. . Morenci. . Clifton.. Phoenix, . Mesa Phoenix . do... Kingman. ....do.... do.... ....do.... ....do.... ....do.... Volun- teer or salary. Winslow V Winslow (601 West Third Street. Winslow (305 West Fourth Street. Snowflake Holbrook Winslow do do Holbrook Winslow Snowflake V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Dec. 21,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do .-...do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Sept. 3,1918 ....do Deo. 21,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do To- Keb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 22,1918 Feb, 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Pima: Baker, Dr. W. A., chair- man. Curley, M Krutchsnitt, J Pinal: Treaty J. R., chairman. . . Fleming, Richard French, E.W Santa Cruz: Harrison, J. A., cliair- man. Baird, A. T Larimore, J. W Yavapai: Stephens, Wm., chair- man. Merritt.W. H Parks, Daniel E CITY FUEL COMMITTEES. Bisbee: Erickson, J., chairman.. Delbridge, W. M Watkins, B. T Dou.glas: Yamoll, Sam, chairman. Fraser, S. F Hansen, Jos Roark, Geo. M Jerome: Cain, J. I., chairman Humbert, August Moore, R. E Phoenix: Moore, A. Ij., chairman. Adams, Thos. H Burroughs, T. M Thompson, V. A Viokers, Geo. W Prescott: Smith, A. L., chairman. Morris, G. D., executive secretary. Suder, H. J Whetstine, J . A Tucson: Parker, O. C, chairman. Fenner, Dr.H. W Hichclilfe, C. W Official station. Tucson. . Ajo. . Ray. Florence. Superior. Ray Nogales. .do. .do. Prescott . .do. .do. Bisbee. ....do. ....do. Douglas. ;!;;do;;! ....do.. Jerome. ....do.. do.. Phoenix. ....do.... ....do... ....do.... ....do.... Prescott. ....do.... .do., .do. Tucson. . ....do... ....do... Volun- teer or V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s V V V V V Served. From — Deo. 21, 1917 do do Jan. 10,1918 do ....do Deo. 21,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Dec. 21,1917 do do Jan. 25,1918 do do do Dec. 21,1917 do do , do , do , do do do ....do Oct. 25,1917 Dec. 21,1917 do do do do To— Feb. 28, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 24,1917 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. ARKANSAS.' The year 1918 in Arkansas was bom in a blizzard and cradled in a snow storm. Long before the Federal fuel administration in this State could be more than tentatively organized, it found itself in the midst of a situa- tion which taxed to the utmost the energy of the small ofhce force, and for two months— January and February— every effort was devoted to meeting emergencies created by one of the coldest winters recorded m the history of the South. WINTER OF 1917-18. At the beginning of January, domestic consumers found that the unusually cold snap during the latter part of December had wiped out their coal reserves. The natural-gas supply failed almost entirely and, with the temperature at 6 degrees above zero, conditions were serious. Few consumers and public utilities that had depended upon gas for fuel were equipped to use coal or wood. Industrial plants and heatmg plants m office buildings were ordered closed down; public schools in many places were discontinued for a time; fuel was denied to all nonessential industries, and early closing hours were enforced. In addition to normal requirements, the situation was accentuated by the fact that it was necessary to supply Camp Pike (Little Rock) with at least 10 cars of coal per day. THE FUEL PROBLEM. Mr. L. Garrett, who was executive secretary at that time and who, fortunately, was thoroughly experienced in transportation and coal mining matters, remained on duty approximately 18 hours a day for nearly two months, and kept in personal touch with' the production and distribution of fuel. The mines were speeded up, and at the same time we were able to supply them with practically 100 per cent of their car requirements through cooperation with the Director General of Railroads and local railroad officials. Methods were devised whereby mine superintendents advised the fuel administrator daily of the number of cars loaded, the number forwarded, the destination, the empties supplied, the number and kind of cars required for loading, the capacity of the mine, and each day's production and losses as compared with those of the same period the previous year. The railroads furnished a report of all cars waybiUed, which enabled diversion or reconsignment to be made, when necessary, without delay. The railroads also furnished a junction passing report, which obviated the necessity for tracing to locate cars. At Little Rock, the gateway, the railroads submitted a report every few hours show- ing the "consist" of arriving and departing trains. This information made it possible to keep consignees advised, almost to the hour, of the arrival of fuel. In company with an engineer, who patriotically volunteered his services, the State fuel administrator visited the Louisiana gas fields and made a thorough investigation into physical conditions obtaining at the source of supply. At Shreveport we were met by Mr. John G. O'Kelley, Federal fuel administrator of Louisiana, and Hon. T. C. Barrett, fuel administrator for Caddo Parish, and together the entire situation was gone over in detail. As a result of this visit and conference, some remedial measures were put into effect and the fuel ad- ministrator of Louisiana, acting through the local representative, issued orders which resulted in materially increasing the supply of gas allotted to Arkansas. Wide publicity was given to the subject of wood fuel, and in some sections of the State municipal or coopera- tive wood yards were established and with splendid results. Considering that the raihoads were' snowbound on several occasions, that weather conditions retarded mine operations, and that no relief could be obtained from Missouri, Kansas, Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee, they being confronted with the same weather, traffic and production difficulties as prevailed in Arkansas, it is surprising that the fuel crisis was not marked by some calamitous circumstance. As it was, no loss of life was reported, the financial losses sustained were not irreparable, the 50,000 soldiers stationed at Camp Pike were cared for, and the "storm" was weathered in very good shape. In this connection, record should be made of the following resolution adopted at a meeting of chairmen of county fuel committees, held in Little Rock, February 20, 1918: Resolved, That the State fuel administration in its session at this time desires to express to the various coal diggers throughout the State of Arkansas its sincere appreciation of their loyalty and patriotism as shown by their efforts and cooperation with the fuel administra- tion to relieve the fuel shortage at a time when a most serious condition confronted the people. They also desire to express their apprecia- tion of the hearty cooperation and valuable assistance rendered by the management and employees of the Missouri Pacific, Rock Island, Frisco, and other railroads in assisting to place this fuel at the disposal of the people in time of need. ' Report from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1918. 20 FEDEBAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 21 STATE ORGANIZATION. Personal supervision of fuel matters was entrusted to the local fuel committees in the respective counties of the State; committees, consisting of a chairman and an average of four members, were appointed in 63 of the 75 counties. The chairmen were clothed with plenary authority, being restricted only by the formal orders of the administration. In addition, the State was divided into seven sections with one member of the advisory committee as supervisor ia each section. These gentlemen were all volunteers, but no more loyal and valued assistance than they have rendered, and are rendering, could be expected from a salaried personnel. The system referred to above has worked out in a manner eminently satisfactory. The office force at State head- quarters (which, on account of war demands, was, at times, quite transitory), an advisory committee of 10, and 7 section supervisors and approximately 315 volunteer committeemen, constituted the State organization until November 1, when a conservation engineer, a director of hotel fuel conservation and a director of enforce- ment were appointed, the latter two being volunteer employees. What field work was done was performed by the State fuel administrator. PRICE REGULATION. Mine, jobbers' and retail prices of coal were fixed on the basis of sworn statements made by mine operators, jobbers, and retail dealers, supplemented by reports of special investigation made in the various counties by the chairmen of the respective fuel committees. All concerned were furnished with margin sheets, showing the per ton cost of coal at the mine, followed by a segregated statement of the different elements of cost accruing in transition from the mine to the consumer, as, for instance, freight, yard expense, general expense, degradation, dray age, etc. To this aggregate the retailer was permitted to add a reasonable profit. After this system of prices came to be generally understood it was looked upon with favor, both by consumer and dealer. All retail coal dealers have been required to secure a certificate of registration and to render thfe monthly distribution reports to cotmty chairmen, in accordance with the regulations contained in Publication No. 19 of the United States Fuel Administration. While subsequent instructions from the National Administration possibly contemplated that these reports should no longer be made, I have deemed it advisable, for psycho- logical reasons, to insist upon their continuance. Relaxation in this respect would give rise to the idea in some quarters that supervision had been abandoned, with a resultant yielding to the insidious temptation to profiteer. The benefits of requiring retailers to register can not be too highly extolled; this method puts them upon a high plane, protecting the consumer against overcharge and the legitimate dealer against the Hun-like ravages of the clandestine speculator. ENFORCEMENT. During the year the State fuel administrator has had no occasion to invoke the assistance of the legal department to compel observance of the administration's orders or regulations. Controve;rsies have arisen from time to time, but they have been amicably adjusted, and there are no unsettled claims pending that are likely to be made the subject of litigation. The cheerfulness with which the public has complied with the regulations and requests of the administration speaks volumes for the patriotism of our .people CONSERVATION. With the stern lesson of last winter still fresh in mind, consumers generally accepted seriously our persistent warnings to economize in the use of fuel. The various measures inaugurated by the National Administration were put in operation in this State with splendid results. The campaign to "save fuel" has been waged un- ceasingly. Early in the year an arrangement was effected whereby a "Tag Your Shovel" day was set aside in every public and parochial school in the State. Ninety thousand tags were distributed. At a meeting of the advisory committee and the various county chairmen, held in February, an educational program was agreed upon, which incladed cooperation with the local representatives of the Council of Defense and the "Foui Minute" men. Thousands of attractive and illuminating" posters, furnished by the National Administration were distributed. At the present time our conservation engineer is engaged in the valuable work of instructini the operators of industrial plants in the matter of fuel conservation, and explaining to them methods of ob taining the greatest efficiency in the use of the different classes of fuel. Our diiector of hotel fuel conservation is conducting a campaign through the medium of pamphlets and posters. Our efforts to induce economT in the use of gas and electricity for fuel and light have been materially supplemented by the distributors o: these commodities. The "skip-stop" system was put into effect on the street railway of Fort Smith, but a citj ordinance designed to make the system effective in Little Rock was defeated. 22 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATrVB DIVISION. PUBLICITY. No report of the fuel administration's activities and accomplishments during the past year would be fair and complete without formal acknowledgment of the splendid cooperation which the State fuel admmistration has received from the press of Arkansas. The newspapers and journals of the State, without exception, have generously contributed space and editorial talent in aiding the administration to dissemmate its regulations and suggestions. The two' factors to which are attributable, more than anything else, the good that has been accomplished, are: The patriotic spirit in which the public submitted to restrictions, and the press, which loyally served as the vehicle for conveying the details to the people. EXPENSE OF OPERATION. The total expenses incurred, January 1 to December 31, 1918, have been $9,725.69. FUEL SITUATION AT CLOSE OF CURRENT YEAR. As a result of repeated urgings of the administration to "Buy Your Coal Early," the reserve supply of coal on hand at the beginning of the winter of 1918-19 was many times larger than at the same period the previous year. Industrial plants are well supplied and practically all domestic consumers who were financially able to do so have purchased their requirements of coal or wood. Given a reasonably mild winter, the fuel situation will be satisfactory, provided, always, that calculations are not completely upset by protracted inter- ruption of the natural gas supply. CONCLUSION. The Federal fuel administrator of Arkansas is proud of the opportunity which was afforded him during the past year to cooperate with Dr. Garfield and his loyal and able assistants in a work which, after the lapse of time enables erstwhile critics to view matters in the proper perspective, will, it goes without saying, be uni- versally acknowledged as one of the monumental achievements of the world's most remarkable epoch. Respectfully, H. C. Couch, Federal Fuel Administrator for ArTcansas. Little Eock, Ark., December 9, 1918. ACTIVITIES OF THE BUREAU OF CONSERVATION. It is of course difficult even to approximate the results which have been accomplished. Conservation work has been a matter of educating the public in the most efficient and economic use of fuel, and the suggestive methods which have been put forth by the Government will continue to bear fruit for many years to come. Owing to the fact that Arkansas has many coal mines located within its borders, a considerable proportion of which were closed down at various intervals during the war period for lack of orders, there has not existed in Arkansas at any time an acute situation demanding the severest economy in the use of fuel. Our problem has not been a lack of fuel, but a question of transportation. At the suggestion of Mr. A. S. Cobb, chief of States conservation, I have made a careful estimate of coal saved in this State, as follows: Tons. 1. stationary steam plants 60 000 2. Domestic 10, 000 3. Saving from substitution of wood for coal 15 qOO 4. Consolidation or interconnection of central stations None. 5. Closing down of isolated plants None. 6. Substitution of water power for steam power None. 7. Street railways (skip-stop, etc.) None. 8. Combination of artificial ice and refrigerating plants None. Explanatory of the above statement I submit the following: (1) Intensive work in connection with the saving of coal by steam plants was not undertaken until Novem- ber 1, 1918, at which time Mr. E. V. Leverett, superintendent of the Conway Light & Power Plant, of Conway, Ark., was appointed conservation engmeer. He visited the plants in practically all of the principal towns in Arkansas. A personal mspection was made of the equipment of the various plants, and in numerous cases suggestions were made which enabled them, by correcting operating defects, to save large quantities of coal. The possibihties for conservation ki this direction, if the work could be continued, are nothiug less than amazing. FEDERAL FTJEL ADMINISTRATOES. 23 The conservation engineer was released, with regret, from further service on January 15. (2) The administration, as from time to time the conditions demanded, urged the strictest economy on the part of domestic consumers in the use both of coal and of natural gas. January 30, 1918, was designated "Tag Day," for which occasion 180,000 tags bearmg the injunction "Save That ShoveKul of Coal a Day for Uncle Sam" were distributed, one-half of this number being given out through the pubUc schools of the State and the remainder through local fuel committees in the various counties. The greatest results were accom- plished, however, through the medium of the press, which published thousands of columns on the subject, the pubHcity matter being supphed from this office. (3) A systematic campaign was carried on at intervals for several months urging the substitution of wood for coal. Sawmills were advised to use wood wherever possible. Printed matter was distributed throughout the State explaining the right method of preparing and marketing fuel wood. Our volunteer committeemen, numbering about 275, in the various counties were requested to emphasize the importance of wood as fuel, and a cooperative arrangement was ejlected with the members of the Council of Defense and the "Four Minute" speakers for the purpose of educating the pubHc on this subject. The results were very gratifying. (7) Preparations were made to make the skip-stop system effective on the lines of the Fort Smith Traction Co. at Fort Smith, Ark., and the details had all been worked out ready for application when the armistice was signed. An ordinance providing for the sldp-stop system in Little Rock was introduced in the city council the latter part of October, but was unanimously defeated. The " Hghtless-nights " order and the regulations restricting the operation of nonessential industries effected a large saving, these regulations having been promptly observed in this State. On October 15 Mr. J. D. Barlow, of Hope, Ark., was appointed director of hotel fuel conservation, but he had little opportunity to effect any appreciable economies. A number of the larger towns in this State are served with natural gas, and it is estimated that an immense saving was accomplished in the use of this class of fuel, as the result of our pubhcity campaign and the efforts of the educational bureau suggesting the employment of proper equipment, the right method of heating rooms, correct temperatures to be maintained, the necessity for turning off gas when not required, etc. A card index has been made of the steam users in Arkansas, as well as of the coal operators. These Hsts, together with questionnaires returned by steam plants, are at the disposition of the Fuel Administration. In conclusion permit me to say that in my opinion the conservation work of the United States Fuel Admin- istration takes its place in importance second only to Mr. Garfield's order fixing maximum prices for coal. Very truly, yours, H. C. Couch, Director of Conservation. Little Rock, Ark., January St, 1919. 24 REPOBT OF ADMINISTEATITE DIVISION. ARKANSAS. Name. Couch, H.C STATE ADVISORY BOARD. Couch, H.C Bertig, A Buchanan, I. A Calvert, C.C Compton, Judge R. T. Firmin, G eorge HeH:>ig,O.H Hloks,Jefl Homer, J. L. Title. Official station . State fuel administrator. Chairman. McDowell, Lee Denning STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Couch, H.C Barlow, J. D. Pace, Frank. Kiffel.J. K Garrett, Louie Beavers, Beulah B . Butlet, Annie L Campbell, Mrs. Emma. . . Findley, O. P Harper, Clio..... Jones, Annalene . Ketchum, Mrs. Allie. Leverett.E.V. ...... McLees, David Morris, Florence M... Bankers Trust Building, Little Eock. Director ot conservation. . Director hotel fuel conservation. Director of enforcement Acting executive secretary. Executive secretary Stenographer Secretary Stenographer.. Private secretary and chief clerk Statistical clerk Stenographer .do. Conservation engineer. . Private secretary .do. Supervisor, section 1. Supervisor, section 2. Pennington, Minnie B do. Stevenson, Mrs. Muriel. . . . Stenographer. SECTION SUPERVISORS. (Section 1: Counties of Benton, Carroll, Crawford, Franklin, Johnson, Logan, Pope, Sehastian, and Washington.) McDowell, Lee (Section 2; Counties of Hempstead, Howard, La- favette, Little River, Miller, Montgomery, Ne- vada, Pike, Polk, Scott, and Sevier.) Helbig, 0. H (Section 3: Counties of Conway, Faulkner, Lo- noke.lAonroe, Perry, Prai- rie, Pulaski, Saline, and Yell.) Firmin, George (Section 4: Counties of Clark, Columbia, Dallas, Garland, Hot Spring, In- dependence, Jackson, Oua- chita, and Union.) Couch.H.C (Section 5: Counties of Baxter, Boone,Clay,Craig- head, Fulton, Greene, Law- rence, Mississippi, Ran- dolph, and Sharp.) Bertig, A (Section 6: Counties of Arkansas, Ashley, Brad- ley, Chicot, Cleveland, Desha, Drew, Grant, Jef- ferson, and Lmcoln.) Hicks, Jefl (Section 7: Counties of Cleburne, Crittenden, Cross, Lee, Phillips. Poin- sett, St. Francis, White, and Woodruff. Homer, J. L Pine Bluff.. Faragould. . Texarkana.. Fort Smith., Wing Little Rock. Prescott PineBlufl.. Helena. Home address. PineBItifE. Pine Bluff. . Faragould . . Texarkana.. Fort Smith. Wing Little Rock . Prescott Pine .Bluff.. Helena Denning Supervisor, section 3. Supervisor, section 4 . Supervisor, section 5 . Supervisor, section 6 . Supervisor, section 7. Bankers Tnist Building, IJttle Rock. Hope '. Bankers Trust Building, Little Rock. ....do ....do 227 Bankers Trast Building, Little Rock. Little Rook Bankers Trust Buildii^, Little Rock. do 408 A. 0. U. W. Building, Little Rock. Bankers Trust Building, Little Rock. do do do Little Rock. Bankers Trust Building, Little Rock. do Denning. PineBlufl 100 Elin Street, Hope. Little Rock 2206 Wolfe Street, Little Rock.... 1313 Rock Street, Little Rock 723 West Sixth Street, Little Rock 220 Broadway, Little Rock — 1721 Izard Street, Little Rock. 614 East Sixteenth Street, Little Rock. 1922 West Twenty-second Street, Little Rock. 315 North State Street, Little Rock. 208 Arch Street, Little Rock Conway 1111 West Tenth Street, Little Rock. Lasker Morris Bank & Trust Co., Little Rock. Little Rock Volun- teer or salary. 700 North Street, Richmond, Va. Prescott . Little Rock. Pine Bluff. Faragould . PineBlufl. Helena - V V V V V V V V V V V V s s s s s s s s s s s s s s Served. From— Nov. 1,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 Nov. 3,1917 ....do ....do Nov. 28,1917 do Nov. 3,1917 Nov. 28, 1917 Nov. 3, 1917 do Nov. 1,1917 Oct. 15,1918 do Nov. 7,1918 Nov. 17,1917 Feb. 22,1918 Nov. 20,1917 Sept. 17, 1918 Oct. 14,1918 Feb. 16,1913 Sept. 17, 1918 Jan. 1, 1919 Nov. 1, 1918 July 29,1918 Feb. 18,1918 June 13,1918 Sept. 30, 191S Nov. 3,1917 To- .do. Nov. 28,1917 Nov. 3,1917 .do. Nov. 28,1917 Nov. 3,1917 Apr. 2, 1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 15,1918 Do. Mar. 15,1919 Nov. 6,1919 Sept. 16, 1918 Feb. 11,1918 Nov. 30,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Sept. 26, 1918 Feb. 15,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Oct. 4,1918 June 12,1918 July 1, 1918 Dec. 18,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. ARKANSAS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES. 25 Name. COUKTY FUEL COMMITTEES. Arkansas: Porter^J. I., chairman. John, K. E Johnston. CM Ashley: Easter, Wilson, chairman Baird, Sam. L Cannon, B. A Newton, E. J Pugh, J. W Baxter: Metcalf, Wm. J., chair- man. Comer, J. W GriswDld, E. B Shires, Tom Benton: Hobbs, E. C. chairman. Doke, W. J Harrison, Connelly Boone: Fellows. E. M., chair- man. Keef, J.E Newman, Col. J. R Patrick, F. E Bradley: Hampton . Graham , chair- man. Colvtn, G. B Harley, E. L Wharton, H. D Wilson, J. E Carroll: Dimcan, W. M., chair- man. Bare, E. M Huntington, E. H., Dr.. Thompson, E.E Chicot: Simms, Albert G. , chair- man. Bordeaux, Henry Gaffiney, Thomas Clark: Carpenter, C. T., chair- man. Brown, Graham Hardage, Joe Williams, Frank Clay (eastern district): Langley, Ira, chairman.. Jones, Paul Williams, B. E Clay (western district): Sprague, F . B . ,chairman. Boshears, L Cope,C.C Henry, W. W Nelson, F. L Cleburne: Underwood, T . J. , chair- man. Cheek, W. A Dickenhorst, E. H Cleveland: Moody, Geo. F., chair- man, Dixon, H.B Calloway, Judge W. E. . . Harrison, E. E Eobertson.H. N Columbia: Hutchinson, H. D., cliainnan. Bass, J. E Colquitt, J. W Jones, W. M Conway: Wright, Capt. Jefl., chairman. Cruce, C. E Dean,M. H Neal,A.C Rainwater, Loid Craighead: Christy, J. F., chairman. Carson, M. E Frlerson, Gordon Kays,V.C Parr, J.E Williams, Harry Crawford: Boatwright, M. V. , cliair- man. Bryan, David T James, Tom MoGehee, Dowe Scott. P.D Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Stuttgart do ....do Hamburg . do Crossett... Wilmot... Portland.. Cotter. . Buflalo Cotter MoimtainHome. Eogers Bentonville Siloam Springs. Harrison.. Bergman . Harrison.. Olvey Warren, do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Eureka Sprmgs. do do do Lake Village . . Dermott. Eudora. . Arkadelphia. -do. .do. .do. Piggott. do . . do.. Coming. do.. do.. do.. do.. Heber Springs do do Risen. .do. .do. .do. .do. Magnolia. . ....do.... ,,,.do.... ....do.... Morrillton . .do. .do. .do. .do. Jonesboro . ....do.... ....do.... ....do.,., ,.,.do ....do Van Buren.. do Dyer Mulberry.... Van Buren.. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 28,1917 Dec. 15,1917 Deo. 17, 1917. Nov. 28,1917 May 21,1918 Nov. 28,1917 May 21,1918 Nov. 28, 1917 Oct. 8,1918 June 14,1918 June 15,1918 June 20,1918 Nov. 28,1917 do do June 14,1918 .do. .do. .do. Nov. 28,1917 do Dec. 8,1917 Apr. 22,1918 do Apr. 18: Dec. 15 Apr. 18 do.. Dec. 26: Nov. 28 Dec. 31, Nov. 28, Nov.' 17, Mar. 21 Jan. 5, Nov. 28 Nov. 21a, Nov. 28 Dec. 20 Nov. 28: Apr. 9: Nov. 28 Apr. 9, Dec. 17 Dec. 22 do Nov. 28: Apr. 10 Apr. 11 Nov. 28! Jan. 5: Nov. 28: Jan. 29. Dec. 17, May 23 Nov. 28 Apr. 9 Nov, 28 do.. Apr. 9 Nov. 28 do.. May 1 Nov. 28 do.: May 1 Apr. 22, May 1 Jan. 10: Nov. 28: Nov. 28: 1918 1917 1918 1917 1917 1917 1918 1918 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1917 1917 1918 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1917 To— Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ^l: Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Crittenden: Berry, L. P., chairman. Dabbs, E. Hicks, W. P Mosby, Joe Nicholson, Felix E Cross: Martin, N. B., chairman. Dallas: Meek, J. H., chairman.. Abernathy, J. E Adams, S. E Graham, W. T Murray, W. T Desha: Downey, H. E., chair- man. Harkey, Wilburn Jacobs, T. E Trippe, Emmett Drew: Cruce, H. P., chairman. Dillard, L. W Porter, C.W Wells, A. T Wells, George Faulkner: Frauenthal, Jo., chair- man. Bahner. G. L Cole, W. D.,ir Parker, J. B Franklin: Conatser, M. B., chair- man. Adams, J. N Burrow, R. H Guthrie, L, M HiU, Will Fulton: Dixon, C. W Cannon, H. S Pressly, C. C Wallick.F Garland: Latta, E. F., chairman. . Emery, Houston Jones, J. T Sorrells, W. S Grant: Nail, T. Nathan, chair- man. Waddell, D. E Greene; Lowe, J. M., chairman. . Adams, G. L Mack, C. A Meiser, Eli Smith, Griffin Hempstead: Knoble, Col. Gus, chairman. Brldwell, Eobt. Henry, Sid. B Hot Spring: Day, W. E^ chairman. . Dixon, C.W Eoberts, Jim Howard: Walsh,Martin,chalriiian. Allbaugh.C.U Dillard, Sim. F Ferguson, Chas. E Sain, J. (J Independence: Glenn, John W., chair- man. Casey, Samuel M Fitzhugh, J. C Qoodnfght, A. K Izard; Wren, P. O., chairman.. Jackson: MoLeto, Judge W. D., chairman. Huguley, R. J Umstead, T. P Wilkerson, A. C Jefferson: Holderness, H. I., chair- man. McIntyre,E. R Eoane, F. M Johnson: McKennon, Robt. H., Chairman. Dunlap,D. W Official station. Marion Hulbert Earle Crawfordsville Gilmorc Wynne.. Fordyce.. do... do... do... do... McGehee. Dumas do Arkansas City. Monticollo do do do do Conway. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. Ozark. Altns . . Ozark. . do. do. Mammoth Spring. do do do Hot Springs.. do do do Sheridan. .do. Paragould.. ....do ....do ....do ....do Hope. .do. .do. Malvern.. do... do... Nashville Dlerks Mineral Springs, Nashville do Batesville. .do. .do. .do. La Crosse . Newport . . .do. .do. .do. Pine Blufl. .do. .do. Clarksville. do Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V ' V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Apr. 1, 1918 Apr. 0, 1918 do do...... do Nov. 28, 1917 do do May 21,1918 Dec. 28,1917 May 23,1917 June 15,1918 Nov. 28,1917 June 15,1918 Nov. 28, 1917 do do May 27,1918 do Mar. 23,1918 Nov. 28,1917 do do Mar. 12,1918 Nov. 28,1917 ....do Mar. 12,1918 ....do Nov. 28, 1917 May 23,1918 do. do. do. Nov. 28,1917 Apr. 23,1918 Nov. 28,1917 do Sept. 9,1918 Nov. 28,1917 Apr. 20,1918 May 1, 1918 Dec. 17,1917 May 1,1918 May 15,1918 Nov. 28,1917 ....do ....do June 19,1918 Nov. 28, 1917 do Apr. 4,1018 Aug. 9,1918 Apr. 4,1918 Aug. 9,1918 Apr. 4, 1918 Nov. 28,1917 Apr. 1,1918 Nov. 28,1917 ....do Nov. 26,1918 Apr; 13,1918 Apr. 12,1918 May 3,1918 Apr. 25,1918 Nov. 28,1917 ....do Dec. 17,1917 Nov. 28,1917 Mar. 27,1918 To- Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 26 EEPOET OF ADMINISTBATIVB DIVISION. ARKANSAS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Johnson— Continued. Garner, Paul Hannali, A. N... Wriglit, G. L.... Laisiyette: Stewart, E. C, chairman. Baker, L. A.i Cabe,C. L Klrtley.H.A Lester, Herman Lawrence: Dowell, S. C, chairman Ponder.H. L Illley,J.C - Slosh, Clay Townsend, H. W Lee: Mixon, Hugh, chairman. Jackson, H. M Reed, J. Walter Stevenson, J. E Lincoln: Rice, R. R., jr., chair- man. Crockett, J. D Heliums, J. H Johnson, A. J Little River: Jones, Judge Lon T., Chairman. Dulaney, A. D Holmes,!. W Steel, A. P Logan (northern district) : Mlnmier, Geo. S., chair- man. Elsken, Conrad Hurley, Chas. B Leftwich, A. M Rhyne, W. B Logan (southern district): Barlow,J. O., chairman. Sadler,H. G Williams, Chas. X Lonoke: Boone, D. R., chairman. Harmon, Wm. L McCrary, W. W Walls, Chas. A Miller: Atkinson, B. S., chair- man. Barney, H. M Coven, W.H Wlnham, Allen Mississippi: Lange, A. C, chairman . . Cullom, J. C Pairfleld, A. B Sparm, J. W VaIl,S. E Monroe: Greenlee, Judge C. F., chairman. Andrews, FranJv Milwee, R. F Smith, Geo. P Montgomery: Whitsett, A. H., chair- man. Worable, W. E Nevada: Pittman, Dan , chairman , Logan, Sam O Smith, A.H Ouachita: Berg, Leo, chairman . Brown, W. W. Powell, Leonard Scarboro, James A . . . Watts, T. J Perry: Hempel, Lee, chairman . Burrows, P. L Davidson, Cha.s .Tones, W. E Lawson, E. B Phillips: Mitchell, T.J. .chairman. Homer, J. T Martin M. W Sutherland, C. A Yoimg, Chas. M Pike: Rosborough, T. W., chairman. Bonner, J. A Rountreej Judge T. W . . Tavlor, W. E Poinsett: Caplinger, A. B., chair- man. Offlclal station. Lamar Clarksville. do Stamps — do do Lewisville.. do Walnut Ridge. do ....do Black Rock... Walnut Ridge. Marianna. ....do.... ....do.... ....do.... Vamer South Bend. . Grady Star City Ashdown . .do. -do. .do. Paris.. Subiaoo. Paris BoonevUle. do do Lonoke... England . Lonoke. . do.... Texarkana . .do... .do... .do.... Blytheville.. Wilson Blytheville.. Luxora Blytheville.. Brinkley — do Clarendon. . do Mount Ida. Womble. Prescott . ....do... ....do... Camden. . ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... Bigelow. Perry... Bigelow. do.. . ....do... Helena do do ...-do .--.do Eosboro. Glenwood Mnrfreesboro. . Glenwood Harrisburg. Volun teer oi salary V V V V V V V V V V V V V V ■V V V V V V V V V V V V ■V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Mar. 27, 1918 Deo. 7, 1917 do Sept. 28, 1918 do do do do Nov. 28,1917 Apr. 18,1918 Apr. 16,1918 Dec. 17,1917 ....do Nov. 28,1917 June 15,1918 Nov. 28,1917 ....do Apr. 1,1918 Apr. 11,1918 do Apr. 8, 1918 Jan. 28,1918 Apr. 12,1918 Nov. 28, 1918 Jan. 7, 1918 Nov. 28,1917 May 22,1918 do Nov. 28,1918 May 22,1918 ...do Dec. 17,1918 July 9, 1918 Nov. 28,1917 Apr. 12,1918 Nov. 28,1917 ....do Mar. 16,1918 Mar. 29,1918 do ....do Nov. 28,1917 ....do Jan. 5, 1918 Nov. 28,1917 May 27,1918 Nov. 28,1917 ....do Feb. 7,1918 Apr. 12,1918 Mar. 8, 1918 do Nov. 28,1917 do Nov. 28,1917 Mar. 21,1918 Jan. 10,1918 Mar. 21,1918 Jan. 10,1918 Nov. 28,1917 Apr. 8, 1918 Nov. 28,1917 Apr. 8, 1918 do Nov. 28,1917 ....do Dec. 31,1917 Mav 22,1918 Sept. 27, 1918 Mar. 20,1918 Apr. 8, 1918 Nov. 11,1918 Apr. 11,1918 June 20,1918 To— Mar. 1, 1 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Poinsett— Continued. Carpenter, C. T Hawkins, L. M Steele, A. W , Polk: Wear, A. E., chairman. Hamilton, J. H Pope: Hoye, John J., chairman Edwards, Leslie Hood, Loms Livingston, J. A McClure, H. R Prairie: Erwin, A. L., chairman. Leigh, R. L Loretz, H. S White, H. R Pulaski: Harper, Clio, chairman. . Becker, A. C Campbell, Gordon H Humphreys, Solon Overman, R. E Randolph: Brown, Ben., chairman. Hamilton, J. T Johnson, C. G Kizer, John R Morrison, S. F St. Francis: Eolfe, E. A., chairman. . Rush, Dr. J. O Warren, O.N Saline: Gibkons, Gen. J. E., chairman. Cunningham, J. A Dyer, D. O Scott: Payne, Tom, chairman . HaJt,C. J Sebastian (Fort Smith dis- trict): Davis, Dr. John R., chairman. Held, Carl W Hunt, Herschel Johnson, W. H Walker, Parks M Sebastian (Greenwood dis- trict): Thrasher, Jj. E., chair- man. Dobson, H. B Holden, E. O Miser, E. H Sevier: Poole, T. O Husklns, R. D Pcarre, L. A Sharp: Johnston, Dr. William, chairman. Wilson, C.J Union: Eoney, F. E., chairman. Martin, L. J McKennon, B. C Washington: Mcllroy, J. H., chairman. Smith,'!. A Wilson, Allen M White: Watktns, Thos. A.,chau-- man. Baugb, J. J Lightle, J. E Sanlord, S. W Woodruff: Harville, R. T., chair- man. Airheart, C. S Meehan, J. R Patterson, E. Q Sale, W.M Taylor, T. N Wood, Roy K Yell (eastern district): Johnson, T. A., chair- man. Adams, L. C Batson, R. E Dacus, J. C Veasey, Bruce M Yell (western district): Sharp, C. C, chairman.. Blount, W.T Brown, T. B Vaughn, J. E Wilklns, J. T Official station. Volun teer or salary. Marked Tree. Harrisburg. . . do .do.. Russelhdllo.. ....do ....do ....do ....do Des Arc. ...do... ....do... ....do... Little Rock ....do .-..do North Little Eock. Little Eock Pocahontas Manson Pocahontas ....do Biggers Forrest City. . do ....do Bauxite. Traskwood. . Benton Waldron. Bates Fort Smith. -do. .do. .do. .do. Greenwood., Jenny I^ind . . Hartford Himtington. . De Queen. ....do.... ....do Hardy Wilhford.. Eldorado. . ....do ....do Fayetteville. . ....do ....do Searcy. ....do.... ....do.... ....do.... Augusta . ....do Cotton Plant. . Augusta ....do McCrory Augusta Dardaneile. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. Danville Plamview... Belleville.. . Waveland . . Havana V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Apr. 27,1918 Jan. 10,1918 ....do Nov. 28,1917 Dec. 17,1917 Nov. 28,1917 Dec. 15,1917 ....do Apr. 9,1918 do To- Mar. 15,1918 Mar. 21,1918 ....do ....do Nov. 7, 1918 Nov. 28,1917 ....do do ..do ....do Dec. 15,1917 May 27,1918 ....do Nov. 28,1917 ....do. ....do. ....do. .do. .do. .do. ■do. .do. .do. Apr. 10,1918 Dec. 10,1917 Apr. 9, 1918 do .do. June 18,1918 Apr. 22,1918 do Nov. 28,1917 ....do Apr. 12,1918 Sept. 28,1918 Nov. 13,1918 Nov. .do. 27. 1917 27. 1918 Jan. 29,1918 Jan. 8, 1918 do Nov. 28,1917 June 3,1918 Nov. 28,1917 ....do ....do May 27,1918 June 18,1918 Jan. 12,1918 May 27,1918 June 18,1918 Nov. 28,1917 June 17,1918 June 7, 1918 June 17,1918 June 7, 1918 June 17,1918 Nov. 28,1917 do ....do Apr. 13,1918 do Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. , Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. CALIFORNIA. ACTIVITIES. The activities of the State organization have been under the direct supervision of the Federal fuel adminis- trator for California. The entire time of the California administrator has been devoted to this work during the past year. THE BUREAU OF DISTRIBUTION AND MANUFACTURING CURTAILMENT. This bureau effected a complete system of reports on coal shipments coming into this State previous to the organization of the Distribution Division at Washington. Last January, when the movement of coal cars was slow from the mines, this bureau carried on an efficient campaign for the unloading of coal cars between sunrise and sunset. Many diversions of coal were accomphshed by this department throiigh the voluntary consent of dealers in certain communities to release and divert coal shipments to those communities that were facing a shortage. Many industries in need of smithing coal and coke were served by similar diversions. Inefficient trade practices were ordered discontinued, such as the leaving of coal in sacks with domestic and industrial consumers. The fuel restriction orders issued by the fuel administration were ably administered through this department. Restricted industries patriotically conformed to the obligations placed upon them by the fuel administration, and the firms that did not cooperate were few in number. A considerable quantity of fuel oil, natural gas, and electricity was made available for war industries, ship building plants and other consumers by the restrictive orders. THE BUREAUS OF PRICING AND STATISTICS AND INVESTIGATION. These bureaus have assisted in the establishment of retaU gross margins. The establishment of these margins has been difficult because of the absence of sufficient cost data from dealers. This lack of cost data necessitated the establishment of a universal gross margin for California based upon cost figures presented by some of the larger dealers in the State. Hearings were held with dealers at San Francisco, Sacramento, San Jose, and Los Angeles, and all conditions under which coal is handled were brought before the State administrator in this way. It was hoped that after the original gross margins were estabfished dealers would inaugurate systems of cost accounts in their individual businesses. This was not done; therefore the plan of establishing a universal gross margin has been continued throughout the term of the administration. "Hie gross margin for bituminous coal, prepared sizes, for domestic consumption was first established on February 11, 1918, at $4.44 per ton, f. o. b. consumer's bin. Practically all coal consumed in the State is used for domestic purposes, as fuel oil is the principal fuel for industries. The entire tonnage is sacked before being delivered to domestic consumers. This is necessary because the units of delivery throughout the State are so smaU that they can be handled efficiently in sacks only. The labor costs throughout California are unusually high, because shipyards and other war activities draw the most efficient men away from the coal yards. An increase on bituminous prepared sizes of 15 cents per ton, which made a new gross margin of $4.59, was granted dealers on July 6, 1918, and has been in effect ever since. This increase was granted in view of the rising cost of labor in various communities. There are two unusual cost factors in the handling of coal in this State, namely, the sacking of aU coal and the number of deliveries necessary on account of the small unit of delivery, which is less than three-eighths of a ton average for the State. Gross margins also have been established for the following and in the amounts given : Smithing coal and coke in sacks sewed and delivered when physically handled — actual cost of sacks to be added— $4, in 5 ton lots or over; .$4.25 in 1 ton lots. All grades of anthracite delivered, $5 in 1 ton lots. On domestic bunkering, a net profit of $0.56 per gross ton has been allowed. The price for foreio'n bunkering has been established, based on the United States Fuel Administrator's order of December 13, 1917, relative to prices for coal for foreign bunkering purposes and export cargoes. During the earlv days of the fuel administration there were a number of overcharges, necessitating refunds to individuals from dealers. Many of these have been adjusted, dnd where this result could not be accomplished the amount of the refund due has been turned directly to this office. 28 KEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIATE DIVISION. The total sum collected to date has been placed to the credit of the fuel administration for California, and amounts to $9,131.36. A part of this sum has been donated to the Red Cross and a part to the National League of Women's Service; the balance wiU be donated to the Eed Cross when all the claims have been adjusted. Considerable has been accomphshed in getting together reports of yearly coal tonnage handled within the State. Very voluminous lists have also been compiled covering manufacturing and industrial concerns using power of any sort, so that, had the priority lists not been abandoned, we should have had a very complete register of all industrial concerns. THE BUREAU OF CONSERVATION. This bureau has sent pledge cards to locomotive and stationary firemen and engineers, embodying rules and suggestions for efficient methods of firing engines and saving fuel oil. Hotels, apartment houses, and office buildings have received cards bearing an appeal for conservation of electricity and heat. The bureau successfully carried out the "Tag your shovel day" campaign. Quantities of cards were distributed by the Boy Scouts in the early summer, urging people to "Buy coal now." Under the direction of the conservation division, the lightless night order was rigidly administered, and $251 in fines were levied upon violators for the benefit of the Red Cross. Voluntary cooperation on the part of retail grocers resulted in the early closing of their establish- inents, thereby saving fuel and heat. Twenty-five thousand gasoline posters were distributed through the cooperation of the oil companies in the State, urging the saving of gasoline. Fifty thousand circulars are now being distributed through the State showing how coal can be saved in the home. This bureau took charge of the registration of 723 retail dealers in the State. THE ADMINISTRATIVE ENGINEERING BUREAU. This bureau has brought about the interconnection of the electric light and power companies serving the State. Last winter was the dryest in California in over 60 years, and there was an acute shortage of water power throughout the spring and summer. The interconnection of utilities, upon the suggestion of the Cali- fornia administration, gave war industries, manufactures, and domestic consumers a supply of power that otherwise would not have been available. Cards in the form of pledge and questionnaire combined were forwarded to all industrial fuel oil consumers in the State and were returned in most instances properly filled out. Eight volunteer engineers have, up to the present date, inspected 226 power plants which have an aggregate daily fuel oil consumption of 14,420 barrels. It is estimated that the daily saving accomplished from these inspections and recomonendations amounts to 350 barrels of oil. A hand book pertaining to the economical use of fuel oil, written by the State administration engineer, and published by the Bureau of Mines in cooperation with the fuel administration, together with Bulletin No. 1, Boiler and Furnace Testing, issued by the fuel administration, is now being distributed to the power plants of the State. The skip-stop on electric railways has eliminated daily a total of 410,708 possible stops. Sixteen thousand two hundred car miles have been saved monthly, and 67,940 kilowatt hours saved daily. A large power saving not possible to estimate has been accomplished, due to the time saving on schedule which has permitted more coasting in operation. One hundred and fifty ice manufacturers in the State of California have made returns on the standard questionnaire concerning their output and their cost of doing business. These questionnaires have been com- piled and the plan of consolidation partially worked out. One hundred laundries have received a return questionnaire, compiled with the object of consolidating laundries. The Journal of Electricity through the efforts of this ofELce have accorded the "Fuel Administration " a permanent column in their magazine, and articles pertainmg to fuel administration work are prepared for each issue from this oflice. Through the columns of this magazine and the Western Engineering Magazine an active campaign has been conducted in the interest of using California lignite coal in pulverized form. A demonstration of the practicability of the use of pulverized coal and of its close resemblance in action -to oU fuel, was made Dec. 5 before an audience of cement men and other fuel oil users. The test was hifhlv satisfactory. * Numerous kerosene gas burners for installation m domestic coal ranges with the idea of coal saving have been mspected. Five types of oil burners have been given thorough tests in industrial plants. One loco- motive burner and two refractory brick locomotive furnace constructions have been investigated The State administrative engmeer attended the convention of the Railway Administration Engineers and Fuel Administration in Chicago, May 23 and 24, 1918. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 29 The standard return postal card questionnaire issued by the Fuel Administration and received at this office weekly has been compiled, and a graphic chart prepared to show approximately the gain m hydroelectri power developed over electric power developed through the use of fuel. Five thousand posters entitled "Uncle Sam needs that extra shovelful" have been distributed. A pamphlet entitled "Power notes for motormen" has been compiled for the instruction of motormen on electric railways. BUEIEAU OF PUBLICITY AND EDUCATION. This bureau distributed many educational articles and news items to over 500 newspapers throughout the State. It also assisted in the distribution of pruited matter dealing with conservation of fuel. Excellent support was secured by tbis bureau from the newspapers of California in publishing articles covering the activities of the fuel administration. STATE ADVISORY COMMITTEE. This committee has been of distinct service to the Federal fuel administration for California m assisting in the forming of definite policies of procedure. This committee is composed of some of the foremost citizens of the State, who have patriotically given of their time when called upon to serve the fuel administration. FUEL WOOD COMMITTEE. This committee has prepared data showing the cost of production for different kinds of fuel wood in various sections of the State and costs on marketing and general distribution. These costs fluctuate with changes in the cost of labor. A comprehensive leaflet has been published and distributed throughout the State by the fuel wood committee, stating in which sections wood can most easily be used as a fuel. This leaflet was a part of the campaign to urge the burning of wood fuel. The wood fuel committee has stimulated the utilization as fuel of waste from savsonill operations and from wood left to rot on the ground by tan bark operations. Prices that were unusually high in certain communities have been reduced to fair figures by voluntary agreement between dealers and members of the fuel wood com- mittee. Much wood that was formerly biu-ned by railroad companies and others has been made available for consumption and has served to displace a small tonnage of coal. Encouragement has been given to all commu- nities adjacent to wooded sections of the State to burn wood, thereby conserving coal. PETROLEUM ADVISORY COMMITTEE. This committee, particularly its chairman, patriotically gave time and effort to assist in the conservation of fuel oil by endeavoring to stimulate new water-power development as a substitute for fuel oil that was being biimed. This committee ceased to exist ia February, 1918, upon the appointment of its chairman as Federal oil director for the Pacific coast. CITY AND COUNTY COMMITTEES. The members of these committees rendered invaluable service to the State organization. They cooperated efficiently and constantly with the State administrator with but few exceptions. COOPERATION WITH THE STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE. The Federal fuel administrator for California has attended regularly the meetings of the advisory war cabinet of the State council of defense of California. This cabinet is composed of the heads of various Federal and State war activities in California. The chairmen of the United States Fuel Administration committees in the counties were appointed mem- bers of the divisional councils of the State council of defense. In this way the fuel administration for California cooperated closely with the State council of defense, and received splendid support from the State council in return. Respectfully submitted. A. hi. SCHWABACHER, Federal Fuel Administrator for Califon'nia. San Francisco, Calif., December H, 1918. 30 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. CALIFORNIA. Name. Schwabacher, Albert E . . STATE ADVISOKY BOARD. Rosseter. Jno. H . . Esberg, Milton. . . . Moore, Walton N. Moffltt, Jas. K Davis, W. n STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Blum.M. T Myers, Rov Coleman, T. ,T Mellale, Thomas., Gardner, H. C Fitzgerald, Claire . Fowler, F. H Lowell, Geo. H . . . Metcalf, John B Orrick, W. H Samson, Walter J . . . Wadsworth, J. M. . . Bach, Mrs. E Bowie, C. P Cairy , .Tessie Caldwell, Arthur G. Davis, Maud Cochran, L. H Director of publicity ..-.do Directorof conservation in hotels. Executive secretary ....do /Private secretary and executive \ secretary. Advisory engineer Coddington, A. A. Hoyt, Theresa Hurley, Mary. Jones, Clara Kem, AlmaL Klink, Geo, T Kohlhaul, Anna McLaughlin, Lillian. . McQuade, Evelyn E . Marshall, Elizabeth R., Martin, J. C Morrison, Elizabeth E . Norton, Sarah G Ottenberg, Fannye . Ruckstell, John R. . Sullivan, Ellen H . . . Wagy, Earl Swigart, Clyde WOOD FUEL COMMITTEE. Smith, C. StoweU. Pierce, C. J Pratt, M.B Woodbury, T. D.. Johnson, Otis PETROLEUM ADVISORY COMMITTEE. (Succeeded by D.'M, Fol- som, appointed Federal oil director Feb. 4, 1918 ) Folsom, D. M.. Orrick, W.H.. Lacy, W. H... Rosseter, John. Ward, G. C... Title. State Juel administrator. , Chairman. and Director of distribution transportation. Director of pricing and statistics. Director of enforcement Director of conservation Advisory engineer Clerk Advisory engineer. Accountant Advisory engineer. Stenographer Advisory engineer. do Chief stenographer Assistant switchboard and mim- eograph operator. Stenographer do Accountant Stenographer do .do. do.... Engineer. . Assistant secretary. Stenographer Typistand mimeograph operator. Accountant General clerk Assistant engineer Advisory engineer Chairman. Chairman . Offlcial station. 725 First National Bank Build- ing, San Francisco. San Francisco.. do do do Los Angeles San Francisco. ....do ....do do ....do ■ do. ....do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .....do. do. do. do. do. San Francisco. Palo Alto Sacramento San Francisco. do American National Bank Build' ing, San Francisco. San Francisco Los Angeles San Francisco Los Angeles Home address. 2000 Goff Street, San Francisco. San Francisco.. do , do do Los Angeles San Francisco 5S6 Geary Street, San Francisco.. San Francisco .-..do do Volun- teer or salary. 1060 Bush Street, San Francisco. . United States Forest Service, San Francisco. San Francisco 2226 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley San Francisco do Empire Gas & Fuel Co., Bartles- ville, Okla. San Francisco 2120 1,«os Angeles Avenue, Berkeley. 928 Thirtv-eighth Street, Oakland. 2935 Magnoha Street, Berkeley fi.35 Sutter Street, San Francisco. . . Care R. B. Guernsey Co., Los Angeles. Ross, Marin County 1323 Sacramento Street, San Fran- cisco. 430 Steiner Street, San Francisco. . 85 Webster Street, San Francisco.. 87 Webster Street, San Francisco.. Care Klink^ B ean Co. ,San Francisco. San Francisco 239 Cambridge Avenue, San Lcandro. 331 Frederick Street, San Fran- cisco. 3044 Telegraph Avenue, Berkeley . Etna Combustion Co., San Fran- cisco. San Francisco 2702 Twentieth Street, San Fran- cisco, 640 Third Avenue, San Francisco. . Spreckels Bmlding, San Francisco. 1613 Alameda Avenue, Alameda . . 1429 Oxford Street, Berkeley Standard Oil Co., Bakersfield San Francisco,, Palo Alto Sacramento San Francisco., do Care General Petroleum Co., 310 Sansom Street, San Francisco. San Francisco Los Angeles San J'rancisco Los Angeles V V V V V V S V V V V V s V s V s V V s s V s V s V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 10,1917 Oct. 16,1917 ....do ....do ....do , ....do Nov. 21, 1917 Aug. 7, 1918 Sept. 20, 1918 Nov. .S, 1917 Deo. 10,1917 /Nov, 2,1917 1 Julv 1, 1918 Dec. 15,1917 Nov. 21,1917 AUK. 19,1918 Sept. 30, 1918 Nov. 12,1917 July 1, 1918 May Oct. Sept, Sept. Jan. Sept. Oct. June 15, 1918 15, 1918 25. 1918 26. 1918 15. 1919 1, 1918 9, 1918 11, 1918 July 1, 1918 Jan Sept, 1,1918 2, 1918 Dec. 15,1917 Dec. 1, 1917 Aug. 16,1918 .do. June 17,1918 Aug. 1, 1918 Nov. 15,1917 June 3, 1918 June 21,1918 Dec. 15,1917 Sept. IS, 1918 Oct. 17,1918 Sept. 1,1918 Jan. 31,1918 ....do ....do ....do ...do Dec. 1, 1917 do. do. do. do. To— Apr. 5, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 6, 1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Dec. 19,1917 Dec. 31,1917 June 30,1918 Aug. 31,1918 Jan. 1, 1919 Mar. 1.5,1919 Do. Feb, 15,1919 Jan. 1, 1919 Do. June 25,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Jan. 1, 1919 Feb. 15,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Do. June 30,1918 Jan. 1, 1919 Do. Dec. 31,1917 Feb. 28,1919 Aug. 30,1918 Aug. 15,1918 Jan. 1, 1919 .Tune 15,1918 Sept. 24,1918 Aug. 15,1918 Jan. 1, 1919 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Jan. 1, 1919 Fob. 28.1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 4, 1918 Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDEEAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. CALIFORNIA— Continued . FUEL COMMITTEES. 31 Name. Official station. Volun- teer or Salary aiy FUEL COMMITTEES. Alameda: Hutt, Thos. C, chair- man. HasHns, Tlios. H Samuels, A. J Berkeley: Rlstenpart, W. chairman. Sill, S.J RiiLfc, I.ester W Eureka: Belcher, Morton, chaii^ man. Fresno: Eiege, C. H., chairman. . Holland, W.B Warner, A.O Los Angeles: Rossetti, V. H., chair- man. VanNuys, J.B Graves, Buford Cotton, H.H Root,C.R Oakland: Maxwell, J. P., chair- man. Kinney, Ralph W 1118 San An- tomo Avenue. 2115 San Jose Avenue. Alameda Atherton and Bancroft Way. Berkeley do Humboldt Na- tional Bank. C.H.BiegeCo. Fresno do Fanners & Merchants National Bank. Los Angeles do do do Jackson, il. K. Pasadena: Edwards, A. E., chair- man. Hayes, O.H Rowland, A. L.. Fetaluma: Gallagher, J. P., cliair- man. FloliT, Marcns Rasmussen, B. L Pomona: Stone, Charles M., chair- man. Firey, frank P Sparks, M.L Richmond: Fenner, V. A., chair- man. Renwick, Chas. S . Knefler, E.H Riverside: Phelps, W. W., chair- man. Tate, S. W. (successor) . . Wnght.B.B Wells,F.H Sacramento: CroweU, M. K., chair- man. Devlin, Robert T Maddock,C.F San Diego: Reynolds, Alex., chair- man. Baker, H. W. (successor) McKenzie, B. W Flynn.S.R Payson, S.C San Francisco: Bates, G. W., chairman. Bloch, Louis Smith, W.T.... McCarthy, F.H Filmer, George San Jose: , . Millard, Byron, chair- man. Archer, L. B Darby, A. C Munson, J. C Rhein, A. J Santa Ana: . Crookshank, A. J., chau'- man. Sleeper, James S Williams, R. Y 1320 Washing- ton Street. 902 Franklin Street. Fourteenth and Clay Streets. First National Bank. 330 Summit Avenue. 123 Fair Oakes Avenue. Fetaluma 22 Tenth Street. Petalnma Pomona. .do- -do. Washington Avenue, Port Richmond. 318 McDonald Avenue. 713 McDonald Avenue. National Bank. Riverside do do Farmers & Mer- chants Sav- ings Bank. Sacramento do United States National Bank. San Diego do do do San Francisco- do do do do San Jose. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. First National Bank. Santa Ana.. do Served. From— V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Dec. 12,1917 ....do ....do Nov. 16,1917 ....do ....do Dec. 12,1917 Nov. 13,1917 ....do do Nov. 5,1917 do do do do Nov. 16,1917 do do do do do Dec. 11,1917 do , do , do do do Nov. 16,1917 do do Nov. 20,1917 Nov. 20, 1917 do To— Nov. 9,1917 do do Nov. 15,1917 Aug. 16,1918 Nov. 15,1917 do , do , Nov. 12,1918 do do do do Nov. 16,1917 do do do do Nov. 22,1917 ....do ....do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. CITY rUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Santa Barbara: Hunt, C. J., chairman... McComber, Q. W. (suc- cessor). Bradley, Mark Price, Francis S Santa Cruz: Jeter, William T., chair- man. Hoftmau, F. J Towne,C. E Sharpe, Bruce L Santa Rosa: Felt, W. W., chairman.. Price, Walter, chairman. Stockton: Holt, C. P., chairman... Luke, E.J Leistner, G. W Lyman, David Dickenson, G. L Vallejo: McKnight, S. J., chair- man. O'Hara, James V Wilson, Joseph R T., COUNTY ruEL COMMITTEES. Alameda: Woods, J. H., chairman. Gary, A. B Weaver, A S Emerson, Dr. H.. May, Henry Beck, George Norris, T. W Alpine: Price, Judge L. chairman Amador: Downs, C. R., chairman. McKean, J. I., chair- man (successor). Burrow, T. J Frost, R. H Bonneau, S. J Butte: Stewart, J. B., chairman. Doty, W. M Kitrick, R. S Calaveras: Fricot, D. J chairman.. Feusier, C. L Fulton, J. A Colusa: Grinstead, J. B., chair- man. Balsdon, J. H Ware, Q. A Contra Costa: SwiJt, Thomas B., chair- man. Shlbley, E. H Lovenage, Otis Del Norte: Van Buren, B. D., chair- man. McLaren, W. W Wulf.W.F El Dorado: Schifl, G. A., chairman.. Lewis, Thomas F Quigley, Joseph H Fresno: Wishon, A. C, chairman. Garrett, Levi Biordan, John Lyon, O.D Barr, W.M Gibson, L. D Johnson, J. A Wrightson, H. A Webb, A. E J... Glenn: Schnurbusch, O. E., chairman. Wickes, C. E Pieper, A. D Danner^ J. ^^ Haud, Dr. H.W Official station. Volun- teer or salary, Santa Barbara. ....do .do. .do. Santa Cruz. .do. .do. .do. Santa Rosa, --..do Holt Manufac- turing Co. Stockton -...do -...do .-..do 421 Sacramento Street. Valwo Foothill Boule- vard, Hay- wards. Hay wards SanLeandro... Centerville Decoto Livermore -...do Markleeville.. Amador City. do .do. -do- -do. Cliico. Oroville.. Angels Camp.. do ....do Colusa. ....do.... WiUiams. Martinez. Port Costa. Pittsburg.. Crescent City . .-..do .-..do Phoeni-x Mill- i n g Co., Placerville. Placervilie ....do San Joaquin Light & Power Co. Kingsburg Selma Reedley Sanger Clovis Kerman Fowler Coaliaga Willows do do do Orland V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served.,. From — Nov. 15,1917 Nov. 15,1917 ...-do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Nov. 16,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do Dee. 6, 1917 ....do ....do Dec. 17,1917 ..do , .-do ..do --do .-do ..do Nov. 13,1917 Dec. 1,1917 Deo. 1, 1917 do ....do Nov. 20,1917 ....do ....do Dec. 1,1917 ....do ....do ....do .do- .do. Nov. 16,1917 ....do ....do Dec. 17,1917 ....do. ....do. Nov. 21,1917 .do. .do. Nov. 10,1917 ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. Dec. 4, 1917 ..do. .. ..do.... ..do.... ..do.... To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do.: Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 32 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. CALIFORNIA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES- continued. Humboldt: Evans, D.'W., chairman Brice, C. M Seeley, Henry Newell, FredP Imperial: Holt, I*roy, chairman., Richmond, L. A Salomon, B , Clements, E. E Ross, J. S Inyo: Shuey,Geo. E., chair- man. Bernard, J. W Bishop, F. C Norris, John Notes, George Kern: Olcese, L. V., chairman. Brown, D. L Loveland, E. H Long, E. E Bannister, X.Yf Kings:' Horloek, jV. E., chair- man. ' Hall.R.V Bartholomew, M. W Cochrane, T. C Lake: Boggs, L. H., chairman. Rifle, H. H Aiken, Frank Lassen; Bassett, C. E., chairman. Gates, H. G Official station. Eureka... Femdale. Arcata Fortuna.. Fl Centro. ....do ....do ....do ....do Independence. Bishop Independence. Lone Pine Independence. Bakersfield. ....do ....do '....do ....do Hanford., do.... do.... Corcpran. Volun- teer or salary. Godman, J. H Durfee. T. J Wemple, 0. E Los Angeles: Crandall, S., chairman. . Johnson, A. C. Cowell, H Evans, H. J Madera: Rhedd, G. M., chairman. Williams, J. B Grey, E. S Marin: Foote, H. S., chairman. . Dodge, J. B Jones, L. S Mariposa: Endean, John, chairman, Pratt, J. W Dexter, J. S Mendocino: Weller, J. E., chairman. Muir, Henry B Coombs, W. B Albertson, F. C Halliday, Henry Merced: Thorpe, Roy P., chair- man. Stoddard. H. B Cornett, S. C Modoc: Dorris, "W. J., chairman Lynip, B. F Lauer, Benjamin Mono: Delury, Geo., chairman. Monterey: Wright, B. F., chairman Olmstead, O. S Lacey, L. D Napa: Lamdln, R. P., chair- man. Griffiths, W. B Brown, Henry Nevada: Snyder, J. V^ chairman. Armstrong, E. H Kelsey%'ille Upper Lake. . . Lower Lake. . . Susan ville.. Westwood., Ravendale. Bieher 500 East First Street, Los Angeles. Whittier Box 628, Santa Monica. Monrovia Madera.. ....do... ....do... San Anselmo.. San Rafael San Anselmo. . Coulterville. . . ....do ....d Fort Bragg.. do ....do ....do ....do Merced. . . Orange: Bowers, A. C, chairman. Krause, F. C Bisby, R. L Placer: Francis, J. MyChairman, Williamson, H. S L?*3e, G. W do Los Banos. Alturas ....do ....do Bridgeport Monterey Pacific Grove. Monterey -do.. .do- Nevada City . Grass Valley . Santa Ana . Anaheim... Santa Ana. Auburn. . . Lincoln. .. Roseville.. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 23,1917 ....do ....do ....do , Dec. 1,1917 do ....do ....do ....do Nov. 27, 1917 .do., .do., .do., -do.. Nov. 28,1917 do do do do Nov. 15,1917 do do do Nov. 17,1917 ....do ....do Nov. 1.5,1917 do do do ....do Nov. 10,1917 .do, .do. .do. Nov. 19,1917 do , ....do Nov. 15,1917 ....do ....do do.. ..do.. ..do.. Nov. _3,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do Nov. 28,1917 ....do.. ....do... Nov. 19,1917 ....do ....do Dec. 8,1917 Nov. 13,1917 do ...-do Nov. 16,1917 do ..do Nov. 19,1917 do Nov. 17,1917 ....do ....do Nov. 19,1917 do do To— Feb. 28, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. Official station. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Plumas: Flournoy, H. C, chair- man Waite, A. N Nelson, N. P Hall, George A Riverside: Morrison, F. T., chair- man. Mueller,F. J Butler,L. G Sacramento: Phinney, A. Van V., chairman. Edinger, Frank Orr, George , Gage, Fred Cox, J. R San Benito: Wagner, C. H., chair- man. McConnell, George Gillespie, S. B San BemardiQO: Roberts, J. W., chair- man. Dubbell,P. J Hellyer, George Whitney,C.H Cave,B. W San Diego: McLees, J. B., chairman Baker, Howard W., chairman. McKenzie.B. W FJynn, S. R , Payson, S. C San Francisco: Sherman, F. R., chair- man. Quincy . .do., .do., .do.. Riverside. Corona San Jacinto . . . Sacramento... Volun- teer or salary. Bates, C. W., chairman. Bloch, Louis McCarthy, P. H Filmer, George. Klinfc, George San Joaquin: Case, C. C, chairman... Thompson, W. H Towne, Burton A Fothergill, Milner R San Luis Obispo: Riley, D. J., chairman. Dawe, Henry , Anderson, J. L , San Mateo: Levy, Edmond, chair- man. Chilcott, R. F., chair, man. Santa Barbara: Edwards, J. S., chair- man. Scaroni, L. P Santa Clara: Palmer, V. P., chairman. Wilcox, E. A., cliairman. Bell,R.R... Hamilton, George Vandervoort, S. M Hersman, H. S Santa Cruz: Palmtag, C. A., chair- man. Hinds, L. F Haack, E. H Bowman, Lloyd Rodgers, Frank Shasta: Saeltzer, D. V., chair- man. Sierra: Quigley, H. E., chair- man. Crafts, E. L., chairman.. Siskiyou: Patterson, H. C, chair- man. Walker, R. A Sherman, Roger Hood Gait Elk Grove.... FolsomCity.. Hollister .do., .do- First National Bank, San Bernardino. San Bernardino. do Ontario Redlands San Diego. . do -do., .do., .do.. Sherman and Clay Streets, San n-an- clsoo. San Francisco. . ....do 625 Market Street, San Francisco. 330 Jackson Street. San Francisco. San Francisco. . Stockton Lodi Woodbridge... Tracy SanLuls Obispo, do :.. do San Mateo. ....do Santa Barbara ....do San Jose. . . do do do ....do ....do Watsonville. . . .do .do .do .do Redding. Downieville -...do , Yreka., .do... ...do.. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 27, 1917 .do., .do., -do.. Dec. 1,1917 -do., .do.. To— Nov. 15, 1917 .do., .do., .do., .do.. Nov. 13,1917 .do., -do.. Nov. 26,1917 do., do., do., do.- Nov. 23, 1917 Aug. 16,1918 Nov. 23,1917 do ....do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Dec. 7,1917 V Dec. 7, 1917 V do... .do.. -do.. Nov. 16,1917 do do do Nov. 27,1917 do do Nov. 15,1917 Nov. 15,1917 .do.. Nov. 17,1917 July 18,1918 Nov. 17,1917 -...do... ....do ....do Nov. 15,1917 ....do ..-do ....do ....do ....do Nov. 13,1917 Nov. 15,1917 ....do , ....do , Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 17,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDEEAL FtJEL ADMINISTEATOES. CALIFORNIA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. OlBcial station. Volun teer or salary. Served. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To- From— To- County fuel committees— continued. Solano: Robbins, E. D., ohair- Sulsunaty Pioneer Fruit Co., Suisun City. Vallejo V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 19, 1917 do do. do do Deo. 15,1917 do do do do Nov. 13,1917 do do do do Nov. 23,1917 do do do do Nov. 28,1917 do do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Trhilty: Garter, E. L.,ohalmian. . Weavervllle.... do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Dec. 6,1917 do do do do Dec. 10,1917 Aug. 15,1918 Nov. 13,1917 Nov. 17,1917 do do Nov. 15,1917 do do Nov. 13,1917 do do do do ' Feb. 28, 1919 Do. Eilraworth, W. S Jenkins, L. F. B OfthTTlR G. IP' Hayfork Weavervllle.... do Do. Do. Jotter, i;. V Do. Wilson,! R Tulare: Prestldge, G. R., chair- man. Perkins, D. E., Cjjialr- man. Tuolumne: Lester, J. E., chairman.. Ventura: Hume, G. E., chairman. Culbertson, J. D Neel, Henry H Viaalia Eice, J. H Dixon Aug. 15,1918 Elo Vista Healdsburg... do do. do do 818 Tenth St., Modesto. Oakdale Newman. Modesto Turlock Yuba City ;i;;!do!!";i;;" do do EedBlufl. Coming LosMoUnos do Sonora Sonoma: Miller, J. H., chairman. . Monrow, W. W '. Burrls, rsank M Feb. 28,1919 Do. Sedgley.C. L BlaoJc.H. E , Stanislaus: Cressey, F. A., chair- man. First National Bank, Ox- nard. Santa Paula Ventura Woodland do do Do. Do. Do. Giddings, W. W Yolo: ' Cranston, lister, chair- man. Murray. A. C Eddy, C. L Do. Whipple, T. B Sutter: Walton, L. A., chairman. Albertson, J. C Hampton, J. M Wessing, Q. A. Do. Do. Yuba: Hall, G. W., chairman. . McCormiok, R. W Evans, I. C MarysviUe ".!!."do!!!"I!!!! Do. Do. Do. Mellon, W.C Challenge CamptonvUle. . Do. Ward, P. G., chairman.. Millein, J. W Cleveland, Earl C Do. Salisbury, W. B 122602—20- COLORADO. Immediately on my appointment to the office of Federal fuel administrator for Colorado on October 24, 1917, steps were taken toward the organizing of a force to handle the fuel situation throughout the State. Mr. W. D. Waugh, of the Federal Trade Commission, Washington, D. C, having been assigned to this district, assisted in opening the office. Rooms were secured in the State Museum Building; the offices, with some furniture, were donated by the State of Colorado. A State advisory board was appointed, composed of the following gentlemen, viz, S. D. Nicholson, G. W. Musser, Thos. F. Daly, and C. V. Benson, all prominent men of Denver, and ready at all times to assist me if called upon to do so. The services of J. S. Murphy were secured, as executive manager, and he served during the life of the fuel administration. Mr. G. N. Gardner was appointed executive secretary, and he remained until April 26, 1918, when he resigned to enter the Army. Miss Mary L. Royer was appointed stenographer, and Miss Edna B. Sands, chief clerk. An office force was engaged, and the assistance was secured of Mr. Charles J. Tobias, of the Federal Trade Commission, Washington, D. C, who was assigned to this district early in November and who remained imtil January 1, 1919; he proved to be a very valuable man to me, having been a coal operator pre- vious to coming here. With the office force organized, letters were sent on November 4 to the mayors and city councils of all cities and towns in the State, asking them to furnish me with a list of three or more prominent citizens, whereby I could select the names of our local fuel committee, stating to them that the names furnished should not include persons who are interested in the fuel business. The appointment of committees in towns and cities diflFered somewhat from the general plan outlined in Washington, which was to appoint county committees; but I decided to regulate the small towns in the State directly from this office. This was done to minimize the travel expenses of our local fuel committees, and the success of the plan is proved by the fact that not one cent was expended by any of our local fuel committers in the conduct of fuel affairs. Almost my first official act was to meet the mine operators, who called a meeting for the purpose of having me address them, and state to them the plans of the fuel administration. This meeting proved to be very amicable, and a partial understanding was arrived at and plans outlined for an increase in the production of anthracite, bituminous, and lignite coal mined within our State. After receiving the names recommended by the different mayors and after making the appointments of our committees, I wrote to each committee asking them to make an investigation of the coal situation, so as to show the supply of coal on hand, and the immediate needs in their town, and also the margin the dealers were working under. I asked them to make their recommendations as to the margins the dealers should be allowed. Upon receiving the reports from the dijBEerent committees, I was in touch with some 700 dealers out- 'side of Denver, and I began fixing margins for them to work under, which usually averaged about $2 per ton delivered to consumer's bin or on sidewalk delivery. The Denver dealers were looked after from this main office. On November 15 I was called to Kansas City, Mo., to meet with the fuel administrators of the seven sur- rounding States. Some very important plans were discussed, resolutions were passed, and a better under- standing was obtained among the States which Colorado helped supply with coal. After the meeting closed, by request I went to Washington to confer with the officials of the Fuel Administration on important matters affecting the production of coal in this State. After decisions had been reached in all matters and a price set for lignite slack coal, which was causing a great deal of turmoil here, I returned to take up some serious labor difficulties that had developed on account of misinterpretation of the "45 cent increase and penalty clause." About 20 disputes were arbitrated, exclusive of 10 strikes or walkouts; the most important labor question arbitrated was that of the Pm-itan and Shamrock mines in the northern field, which was settled satisfactorily. This was followed by a demand for recognition of the union by the mine workers employed in the Royal and Suffield mines, in the Walsenburg and Trinidad fields, respectively. This matter was disposed of satisfactorily and a strike that was on the verge of assuming an imtold disaster to production was averted. By a compro- mise carefully executed, a strike was averted in the Routt County fields. Threatened strikes at the Gordon and Sunnyside mines in the Walsenburg district were investigated and disposed of to the entire satisfaction of all parties interested. A second disturbance at the Suffield mine later in the spring, arising over the increased freight rate on a water haul, and the resultant increase of water rates to the mine employees for domestic pur- poses, was amicably settled, after a conference with a committee of employees and the management which was held at my office. 34 FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOES. 35 Of the above 10 strikes referred to, covering over a period of about nine months, in nine cases I instructed the operators to collect $1 per day from each man who failed to report for work, and turn the amount over to me. This sum I forwarded to the United States Fuel Administration, Washington, D. C, as fines for the Ameri- can Ked Cross. In each case the men returned to work as soon as they were convinced that the fines would be imposed. One case was compromised, no fine being imposed, as it appeared that both parties were at fault. All of the strikes were settled satisfactorily, immediately after work was resumed, and evidence collected to decide the case; and, in obtaining the evidence, in all cases I found the miners anxious and reasonable, and always glad to abide by my decision, as were the operators also. Upon receiving reports and recommendations from the local fuel committees, as to the coal situation in their respective communities, we were confronted with the fact that many small communities in the valley districts had very little coal to take care of their requirements. I immediately called upon the principal operators for their support in helping out the communities where shortage appeared. Each operator in his turn furnished such coal as was required; in that way some 200 cars were distributed, in different parts of the State, besides some 50 cars that I requested shipped to other States, on advice from administrators. In this way it was pos- sible to distribute the coal without disturbing the working machinery of any individual operator; and there was not one single case of distress reported within the State. During this period the margins of 800 retail dealers were being investigated, and revisions made as fast as facts and figures were presented. In one place the dealers and our local fuel committee could not arrive at any satisfactory margin. I was compelled to make a trip to the place, where I held an open meeting, and heard all sides of the controversy, that of the consumer as well as of the dealer and the committee. After summing up the whole situation, I suggested a compromise which was readily accepted by all concerned — -that of placing the gross margin of $1.87 per ton delivered to consumer's bin, or sidewalk delivery, for all grades of domestic coal. This margin was accepted by the dealers in surrounding cities and towns in northern Colorado, which comprise about 15 per cent of our population. The coal consumed in this part of Colorado is for the most part lignite, mined from the nearby mines and delivered almost always direct from the raikoad car to the consxuner. Canon City caused considerable trouble, as all coal consumed in that city was hauled from wagon mines, one small mine being within the city limits and produciag about one-half of the city's requirements, while the other mine was some 4 miles distant; as the same dealers hauled from both mines the situation was quite com- plicated. But after a conference was held with a committee appointed from the chamber of commerce a satisfactory solution was arrived at. Early in December the operators asked for another conference, which was gladly assented to. I discussed the situation with them as a whole at a meeting which comprised a majority of the operators, showing the importance of their using their best efforts to increase coal production. I was able to give them some idea of the magnitude of the Administration as I saw it while in Washington. The operators present assured me of their lasting support in any plan devised during the strenuous period to assist the Government in its war plans. This assurance they always kept faith with. The matter of conservation was taken up early, and a great deal of time and thought was given to it. The order of "lightless nights" was compHed with in every respect throughout the State. In fact, our citizens, as a whole, showed a spirit of compliance with every request of the Fuel Administration. Our early ordering and storage program was started in March. The farmers in the State were given a great deal of attention, the names and addresses of aU farmers were secured and a "Cut" of a practical coal bin for the storage of coal, and a letter m-ging the necessity of early storage were sent to them. Several letters were sent to retail dealers, advising them to place their orders early; and our local fuel committees were instructed to talk storage and give this publicity in their local papers. This they did, with the result that in the year 1918-19 only one town in the State had a coal shortage, and that town was in a mining section, and on a rail- road that had a snow blockade for more than 30 days. Early in February our attention was called to the fact that a great many miners, especially foreigners, were not reporting for work regularly. I made an extended automobile trip through the principal camps in the northern and Walsenbxu-g, Trinidad fields. Talks were given to the miners on the importance of their working eight hours each day and six days a week. I also appointed Rev. W. B. Fitzhugh, of Walsenburg, special representative on production and conservation, to address the miners on the necessity of working eight hours a day. Rev. Fitzhugh rendered this service without remuneration, even bearing his own expense in connec- tion with trips made to the different mining camps in the Walsenburg and Trinidad fields. While those talks were helpful, a plan was devised which brought about the desired results. Names of employees who were habitually idle, for no apparent reason, were secured from the operators who had no working agreement with their men. Personal letters were sent to those men, stating to them that the matter of production was becom- ing serious, that it was their duty to be at their post each day as it was the duty of the soldier to be in the trench. They were asked to make an immediate reply, and about 80 per cent did reply. Almost all of them 36 BEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. assured me that they would comply with my request for continuous work for the duration of the war. Many of them stated that they were ready to do their part to help the Government; and it is evident from the records of some of the mining companies that they complied with their promise, as during the summer months an increase of working hours was produced from 71 per cent, before any letters were written, to 94 per cent after they received the letters, out of a possible 100 per cent of time to be worked. One company's records show an increase of 5 per cent of coal mined per man after the letters were received. During this period, with the cooperation of the State, county, and municipal authorities, and the local branch of the council of defense, the issuing of liquor permits was discontinued, and the closing of pool halls and gaming places for certain periods of the day and night, was effected in Las Animas and Huerfano Counties. To the peace officers, as weU as to the municipal officers of these counties, and also to the United States dis- trict attorney, our thanks are extended for the assistance they gave us in enforcing the order. Records show that the results produced were beyond expectations, as more, bitimiinous coal was mined in Colorado during the months of May, June, July, and August than in any other four consecutive months in its history. Later a production department was organized, with Mr. J. F. Welborn, production manager, taking over the pro- duction program. The revision of mine prices effective March 11 had a disastrous effect upon a number of operators in thin- vein mines; many were compelled to close their mines, while others kept their naiaes open at a financial loss until relief was granted them by individual increases. The regulations restricting consumption of fuel for brick, cement, clay products, and other manufactures almost paralyzed the coal industry in Colorado^ As this State always has a siu-plus of slack coal, made from preparing domestic sizes, the regulation, instead of, conserving coal, had the effect of decreasing the produc- tion of domestic sizes. After taking the matter up with the officials at Washington, and after being granted temporary relief by an order permitting the storage of steam coal for 30 days — ^which did not relieve the situa- tion, as the manufacturers had already pledged themselves not to manufacture their wares, except for essential pm-poses — the operators finally decided that it was their patriotic duty to dump their slack coal and take a financial loss, rather than have a shortage of domestic sizes. This they did, with very serious financial loss to some of the largest operators. At the request of the director of State organizations, United States Fuel Administration, Washington, D. C, I attended a meeting on May 6 at Kansas City, Mo., with other administrators from siuroimding States. A very instructive talk was given us Ijy the director of State organizations, and plans were outlined for an increased production, and a better distribution of coal for the coming winter. Arrangements were made by which Colo- rado lignite could be shipped to certain pokits in Kansas and Nebraska for immediate consumption. In that way the operators were able to keep sufficient miners so that the lignite mines worked in a small way throughout the summer months. Thereby the operators were ready to provide for the heavy increase in demand when the winter trade opened. In the absence of any regulatory measures from Washington for the protection of the retail dealer against unscrupulous competition, as a protection for the consumer against exorbitant margins, and to assure such volxime of business to the legitimate dealer as would minimize his margin, a license system was put into effect in this State on Jime 10, which proved to be a great success. The license plan differed so very slightly from the registration plan later evolved in the Washington office that very little modffication of our system was required to conform with the registration plan imiversaUy adopted. On June 18 I made another trip through the Trinidad fields, and foimd labor conditions improving. Miners were working more regularly, and less liquor was being imported. However, the bootlegger was stiU doing business. On July 10, upon a pressing invitation, I attended the Annual Convention of the Colorado Retail Dealers Association, at Pueblo, Colo. A talk was made to the dealers on all conditions affecting the retail trade. The meeting was very harmonious, and the dealers were unanimous in their approval of our license system and assured me that if the Fuel Admkiistration would eliminate the "Snow-bird" from the coal business they would be perfectly satished with the gross margin set for them for the duration of the war, which was said to be lower than any other in the United States. On September 6 and 7 a meeting of the administrators of the States of Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Texas New Mexico, Arizona, Montana, and Wyoming, and of the district representatives of the above States and also of Nebraska and Oklahoma, was held in the city of Denver, at my call. A field representative of the United States Fuel Administration, Washington, D. C, attended the meeting and gave us material assistance in its work. Many questions of great importance were discussed, and resolutions were drafted and forwarded to Washington. The Mine Operators Association with some of the Denver retail dealers gave a banquet to the administrators and guests, it being a get-together meeting, which proved to be a great success, as all the admin- istrators were able to get acquainted with the coal operators who shipped coal into their respective States. I^EDERAL PXTEL ADMIiaSTEATOES. 37 They also arranged for a special train and took the whole party to the Routt County field, where arrangements had already been made to have the miners meet the special train and administrators and listen to talks that were made to them. I addressed the miners at the principal mining camps on their patriotic duty of min- ing more coal. Reports received by this office indicate that the talk was appreciated; the results of increased production were gratifying. On account of the very mild winter domestic coal consumption is lighter this year than for many years previous. The signing of the armistice had its effect upon the coal situation ; consequently the production has decreased very materially since November. Since activities ceased February 1, some few operators have increased the price of domestic lump 15 cents per ton and decreased nut coal 25 cents per ton, while other opera- tors have increased the price of steam coal 25 cents per ton. The total expenditures for the Colorado State organization, including the conservation department, for equipment, supplies, furniture, telephone and incidentals, also including travel expense and salaries, from the opening of the office October 24, 1917, to and including February 28, 1919, are $6,285.14. The total receipts from the sale of furniture and fixtures, less advertising, drayage and packing expense, are $321.47. To the chairmen of the local fuel committees a great deal of credit is due for the able and efficient manner in which they handled the situation in their respective commimities. They were imtiring ia their efforts to serve the whole people to the best of their ability; and no expense of any kind was incurred by any of them. Respectfully submitted. W. J. Galligan, Federal Fuel Admimstrator for Colorado. Denveb, Colo., March 1, 1919. REPORT OF THE CONSERVATION DIVISION FROM OCTOBER 24, 1917, TO DECEMBER 31, 1918. At the outset it should be stated that all conservation work waa done by the office of the Federal fuel administrator and all expenses were paid by the State organization. The official appointment of director of conservation for this State was not made tmtil October 10, 1918. On November 26, 1917, the matter of using discarded railroad ties for domestic fuel waa taken up with the several railroad officials operating in this State, with the ^-esult that they agreed to permit the hauling off of these ties from the railroad rights of way. Immediately a letter was sent to the chairmen of the local fuel committees notifying them of such an agreement and advisiag them to give the matter general publicity and also to publish the facts in the campaign for "Use of wood for fuel." During the month of December posters received from Washington were distributed and posted by your committees throughout the State. After we had held several conferences with the building owners and agents and an agreement with them had been reached, a letter was issued on December 28 suggesting the stopping of elevators at 9 o'clock p. m., where this restriction did not interfere with the work of tenants. This suggestion was complied with universally. During the month of January a great deal of free newspaper publicity was obtained. A letter was sent to the local fuel committees and to superintendents of public and parochial schools, on coal conservation. On January 30, "Tag Your Shovel Day" was a grand success. Nearly every home in Colorado had a tag put on its shovel. This result was brought about by the cooperation of the local fuel committees, municipal officials, school teachers, and school children. On January 19 "Hotel conservation cards" were printed and distributed among all the hotels in the State, one card for each guest's room, and a letter of instructions was sent to the proprietors. Early in March a list of all the farmers in the State of Colorado was obtained and a letter on "Coal con- servation" and a "Cut" of a practical coal bta were sent to them, 15,000 in aU, with the result that a great many coal bins were buUt during the early spring. The "lightless night order" was complied with in every respect throughout the State. In summing up the coal saved during the life of the fuel administration a conservative pstimate, from reports received, would place it at 200,000 tons, divided as follows: 1. Stationary steam plants: An estimate of 100,000 tons was saved. This was brought about by careful firing, by improving equipment, and by paying bonuses to firemen for coal saved. The large steam plant of the Denver Tramway Co. reports that they saved during the winter months 3,000 tons per month. 2. Domestic: Reports received through different channels, more especially from questionnaires sent out by a number of local fuel committees, show that nearly every family saved coal during last winter. Probably 150,000 families saved 1,200 pounds of coal each, making a total of coal saved by domestic users of 90,000 tons. 3. Substitution of wood for coal: Wood being very scarce in Colorado, growing only in the mountains, not much wood was available. The students of the Agricultural College of Fort Collins, Colo., cut considerable 38 EEPOET OF ADMIlTISTRATrVE DIVISION. wood during the winter. This wood and the discarded railroad ties used for fuel probably saved 10,000 tons of coal. 4. Consolidation or interconnection of central stations: No attempt was made to consolidate plants, as steam coal was plentiful. 5. Closing down of isolated plants: None was closed for the purpose of conserving fuel. 6. Substitution of water power for steam power: No attempt was made by this office to induce steam users to substitute water power. 7. Street railways (skip-stop, etc.) : The skip-stop plan was not put into effect in this State. 8. Combination of artificial ice and refrigerating plants: There being only enough ice plants in the State to take care of the needs of each community, no attempt was made to consolidate the plants. On September 16, 1918, Samuel F. Dutton, of Denver, Colo., was appointed State director of fuel con- servation in hotels, but nothing of importance was undertaken. Respectfully submitted. J. S. Mtirpht, Director of Conservation for the State of Colorado. COLORADO. Name. Title. Offlcial station. Home address. Volun- teer or salarj. Served. From— To— Galligan, Wm. J STATE ADTISOET BOAED. Benson, 0. V Daly, Thos. F... Musser, G. W . . . Nicholson, S. D. State fuel administrator. , State Museum Building, Denver. Denver.. do.. do.. do.. STATE OmCE PEESOOTTEL. Gardner, G. N. Murphy, J. S... Blaokmer, H. M Dutton, Samuel F. Carney, Helen G... Fitzhugh, W. B.... Leibfreid, Edna P. McVean, Harry Keese, George A Royer, Mary L Sands, Edna B Executive secretary Executive manager and director of conservation. Field supervisor of oil Director of hotel conservation... Stenographer Denver., do.. -do. -do. -do. Construction and production representative. Stenographer Chief clerk Production representative Stenographer Chief clerk Walsenburg.. Denver... do... Trinidad. Denver... do... Denver.. Denver.. do.. do.. do.. Denver 914 Clarkson Street, Denver. Denver do Seventeenth Avenue and Emmer- son Street, Denver. Walsenburg Denver do Trinidad Denver 416 Twenty-second Street, Denver. V V V V s s V V s s V Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 24,1917 do ....do ....do Nov. 14,1917 Nov. 2,1917 June 21,1918 Oct. 1,1918 Aug. 5, 1918 Fet. 18,1918 Aug. 28,1918 Aug. 1, 1918 Feb. 18,1918 Oct. 15,1917 Nov. 7,1917 Mar. 15,1919 Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Apr. 26,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Feh. 14,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Sept. 17,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Deo. 31,1917 Deo. 31,1918 FCEL COMMITTEES. Name. CUT F0EL COMMITTEES. Aguilar: Totten, C. A., chairman. Hughes, Prof. W. B Akron: Tarr, WilUam, chairman, Ginder, Charles Murray, Thomas Alamosa: Spriestersbach, John, chairman. Bom, R. M Howell, Dr. T. H Arvada: Barth, Albert H., chair- man. Davis, A. L Gregg, H.H Ault: Brayton, C. A., chair- man. Newell, J. J Nichols, Albert Aspen: Brown, Harry A., chair- man. Mcintosh, William. Newton, Guy V Berthoud: Brown, Arthur F., chairman. Foresman, H. H Newell, J. H Official station. Volim- teer or salary. Aguilar. do.. Akron.. do. do. Alamosa. ...do.... ...do.... Arvada. .do. .do. Ault. .do. .do. Aspen., .do. .do. Berthoud. .do.... .do.... V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Nov. 15,1917 do Feb. 11,1918 do.! do Nov. 15,1917 ..do..., ..do.... .do. ..do.... ..do ...do.... ...do..., ...do.... ...do... .do. .do. Feb. 6,1918 .....do do To— Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES — Con, Black Hawk: McNeil, John, chairman. Fritz, George E Nevins, P. C Boulder: Armstrong, Hon. W. L., chairman. Casey, W.V GriU, Ernest Breckenrtdge: Theabold, J. A., chair- man. Canning, James Keiser, CarlA Brighton: McFarland, D. F., chair- man. Higgins, Jas. P Jones.E. G Brush: Epperson, John P., chairman. McDill, J.B Simpson, C. B Buena Vista: Hartenstein, G. chairman. Melvln, S. J SpiudUnger, D. C. Offlcial station. Black Hawk. ....do do Boulder. , .do. .do. .do. -do. Brighton. , do.... do.... Brush., .do. .do. Volun- teer or salary. Breckenridge... Buena Vista. . do ....do V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 15,1917 ....do.!.... ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do do ....do do do do do do do do.... do.... To— Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOES. 39 COLORADO— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Kame. CITT FUKL COMMITTEES— OOn. Burlington: Godsman, Sidney, chaii^ man. Bluing, J. W HosHn, H. G Kin^, A. S Canon City: Bethel, George W., chairman. Hunter.F.F Castle Bock: Smith, U. T., chairman. Scott, John Strouse, Charles , Central City: Willis, Harry C, chair- man. Anger, WUham Caldwell, Fred S Coal Creek: Dnrtee, Allred, chair- man. Davies, David G , Fahrizio, Michael Calorado Springs: Klrkwood, T. C, chair- man. Strleby, Prof. Wm Wilson, A.M Cortez: Lamb, E. R., chairman. Miller.F.L Qnillett.P.T Ciaig: Van Dom, C. A., chair- man. Flack, Jos. KUpattick, J. B Creede: Lnndy, P. M., chair- man- Cresap^Edward Sloan, W.C , Crested Butte: Taylor, Angus, chair- man, Benson, G. V , Blakemore, I. W Cripple Cieek: Fdta, L. J^ chairman.. . M;edin,B.I MeUin.Wm De Beque: Michaels, 3. G., chair- man. Eaton, Bobert Place, Dr. O.G Delta: Smith, Dr. Harry A., chairman. Penley.A. E Stone, Mortimer Durango: McNeil, Jotm L., man. Parsons, J. L Perkins, C. C, chairman. Eaton: Lacey, M. S., chairman Clark. W.E Phillips, T.C Erie: Hershey, B. F., chairman Knowles, Wm Wise, J. O.V Evans: , . BaUouT, E. W., chair- man. BnrgesSjC. N Corder.H.S Xavlngton, W. H., chair- man. Davlsoii, O. L Seal, J. H Florence: „ , , Simon, Vernon S., chair- man. Halnline, C. E., chair- man. Fort Collins: _^ ^ . Wright, W. Ed., chair- man. Edmond.Mar 15,1919 Mar. 9, 1918 Feb. 1, 1918 Apr. 6, 1918 May 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Apr. 22,1918 Mar. 1, 1918 Jan. 1, 1919 Jan. 15,1918 Feb. 15,1918 Aug. 3,1918 M&r. 9, 1918 Jan. 1,1919 Sept. 30, 1918 Jan. 1, 1919 Mar. 1,1918 Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 6, 1918 Mar. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Mar. 15,1919 Sept. 15,1918 Jan. 1,1919 Oct. 1, 1918 Jan. 30,1918 122602—20- FLORIDA. The Federal fuel administrator of Florida, Arthiir T. WiUiattis, received his commission November 17, 1917, and he began preparations for the conduct of the administration a few days later, tendering to the Federal Administration the use of quarters in his building, No. 7 West Forsyth Street, Jacksonville, which was on the same floor as his own office, where the work was directed. Acting imder the advice of the Federal Fuel Administration, he at once selected an advisory committee of leading loyal citizens of the State, consisting of Perry G. Wall, attorney, of Tampa; H. H. Thornton, insurance, of Pensacola; Louis A. Harris, attorney, of Key West; E. P. Axtell, attorney; R. V. Covington, wholesale dry goods; W. E. Terry, labor leader; and Frank P. Conroy, wholesale provisions, of Jacksonville. Appreciating that Florida, in the absence of field agents that would not be necessary to this State, would require extensive publicity of the afi'airs of the administration, he appointed Charles E. Jones, an experienced newspaper man, as executive secretary and publicity agent. Miss Lillian M. Lowther, a capable stenographer, was appointed private secretary and stenographer. Pending the preliminary work for the organization, much publicity and correspondence were successfully carried out, and the public were fully notified of conditions and the duties involved. Appointments of local and district committees found patriotic cooperation, the members being carefully selected because of their prominence, influence, patriotism, and high standing in the State generally, and par- ticularly in the sections represented. In some districts coxmties were grouped because of conditions, and because little coal was consumed in these localities. COAL SITUATION KEPT GOOD. There were in the city of Jacksonville, and in other cities where coal was largely consumed, frequent con- ferences with dealers, and a close watch was kept on general conditions, which on the whole were most satisfactory. The unexpected and unprecedented "freeze" of January, 1918, found thousands unprepared, and there was some difficulty in local deliveries; but the system inaugurated by the administration soon brought order out of chaos, and congestion was relieved. While there were inconveniences here and there, there was no actual suffering, and the lack of complaints indicated that our people stood ready to comply with all the war demands of the Nation. In coal conservation, consumers sought much advice regarding economic waste and showed a desire to take proper steps to remedy any evils of this character. Pamphlets containing valuable information in regard to conservation were furnished to large consmners, having been prepared and sent out from Washington head- quarters. In Florida, as in other States, thousands have learned to use coal economicaUy, and the valuable lessons will prove most advantageous for the future. Every order that was issued relative to coal and other fuel was conducive to the Nation's good; and in Florida, as elsewhere, excessive, unjust prices were prevented. The people generally took a keen interest in fuel conditions, and the work which prevented profiteering met with commendation on all sides. The Florida fuel administrator earnestly endeavored to keep in touch with the essential demands for fuel within his State, always observing the necessities of the war industries and the domestic consumers. He found it seldom necessary to issue on his own responsibility emergency requests, but when he did he acted promptly, having first in view the needs of war, the homes, and the essential industries of the country. ECONOMY IN ADMINISTRATION. Believing that conservation should extend throughout aU the operations of the administration, the Florida fuel administration regarded conservation of the finances of paramount importance. Consequently modest and inexpensive furniture was provided, no field agents or unnecessary labor were employed, and only such blanks and other printed matter as were absolutely essential were ordered. Local volunteers comprise the fuel admin- istration for the county in which Jacksonville is located. The volunteers for the State include all the members of the advisory board, the several local committees, and Hon. A. G. Hartridge, director of enforcement, and Chas. I. Day, administrative engineer, both of whom gave valuable assistance in the service, gladly and quickly responding to aU calls from the administration. 66 PEDEEAL FUEL ADMINlSTBATOES. 67 THE WOOD BUYING CAMPAIGN. Early in the spring of 1918 the Florida fuel administration realized that the demands of war would call for labor heretofore engaged in fuel wood production, and a campaign was opened as early as the middle of May in which consumers were urged to purchase wood for the coming winter's needs. An aggressive publicity propaganda, stimidated by the cooperation of patriotic and other organizations, gave results most satisfactory. In Jacksonville and other of the large cities thousands of consumers had been supplied with wood long before the summer had passed. Coincident with the campaign was the publicity which impressed upon the people the patriotic duty of substituting wood for coal, and the ready response on the part of a very large number of both large and small consumers was most gratifying. With full knowledge in the midst of this campaign that the Lever Act did not give authority to the Fuel Administration to fix the price on wood, the State administration had to proceed with the utmost caution to prevent, on the part of some, profiteering; in consequence thereof conferences with wood dealers were held, which resulted in an amicable adjustment of difficulties and an agree- ment as to prevailing prices. Wood yards were repeatedly visited by representatives of the State administra- tion, and distinct understandings and agreeable arrangements were made, fair alike to consumer and to dealer. Chmches, schoolhouses, and other places were used to impress upon the people the necessity of early buyuig of wood; and, with the splendid aid of the newspapers, no paid advertising was necessary. In Jacksonville, the largest city in Florida, it is estimated that, before the middle of September, 75 per cent of wood consumers had purchased their fuel for the on-coming winter. It should be said in this connection that the campaign carried with it full instructions as to the relative value of wood for fuel in comparison with coal and coke. Aside from the gaiu achieved from the conservation standpoint, the educational value was of great advantage to the public generally. THE EDUCATIONAL WORK. In the educational work the newspapers during each and every activity proved a potent factor; yet patriotic societies gave most worthy aid, and public gatheriags were often a valuable source in carrying to the people the messages from the United States Fuel Administration and the State fuel admioistration. The splendid cooperation added materially to the work accomplished and betokened a spirit of loyalty, which made the task much easier and which avoided much confusion and misim.derstandiQgs. "TAG-YOUR-SHOVEL" CAMPAIGN. Among the first methods to impress the people with coal conservation was the designating of January 30, 1918, as "Tag-Your-Shovel-Day." This permitted in advance many news stories with imique featiu-es and carried visual lessons to thousands of homes. Public exercises were held in several Florida cities; and in Jack- sonville there were probably 15,000 people present where patriotic addresses were made, and where the ax- of William Jennings Bryan and the shovel of Henry Watterson were publicly tagged, with appropriate ceremonies. These two distinguished men were chosen because they were regular winter residents of Florida.- The observa- tion of this day was made more deeply impressive by the fact that the Federal and State courts adjourned m tribute to the order. LIGHTLESS NIGHTS ORDER. The "lightless nights" order was issued November 9, 1917; an amendment was made and became operative December 14, 1917, which restricted lighting on Thursday and Sunday nights. This regulation was rigidly enforced until it was rescinded April 22, 1918. The new order issued July 18, and made effective July 24, was much wider in its scope, and it was more difficult to familiarize the public with its provisions. However, the obedience rendered thereto was most satisfactory, and members of the State administration had only to remind the thoughless of the restrictions, when compliance was cheerfully given. Later it became necessary to request a few negligent persons to donate to the Red Cross as a penalty for their neglect. The advantages derived through the "lightless nights" order were principally the moral effect, which unquestionably was fruitful of good. THE "HEATLESS" DAYS. Januarv 18 to 22 were the beginning of "Heatless" days. With but a few hours to notify the State, the result was pleasing, and Florida uncomplainingly and patriotically responded with commendable zeal. Only one case of failure to comply with the regulations reached the judicial authorities, and this was a dry-cleaning establishment that used charcoal in the heatmg of irons. 68 EEPOET OP ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. SKIP-STOP SYSTEM. The skip-stop system was applied in some of the Florida cities. After being informed of the operations of the plan, local committees in conjunction with street car companies and public safety committees, adopted the methods that seemed most suitable. GASLESS SUNDAYS. The restrictions on "gasless Sundays," although they were of short duration, were carefully observed in Florida. THE PUBLICITY DEPARTMENT. The publicity for the fuel administration has handled practically every proposition relative to fuel that emanated in Washington, using principally the daily newspapers, with special articles in the country weekly papers to fit certain local conditions. Editorial criticisms have been most favorable, and no discordant note has been observed in this ^direction. Generous space was given when the situation demanded it, and publica- tions and posters sent out from Washington were properly circulated, this work being done by Boy Scouts and young women allied with patriotic societies whose generous services are herewith acknowledged. Fuel conser- vation exercises were held in many schools and churches, and at no time was there any difficulty in getting important matters concerning the administration before the masses. Conservation plans covering the use of coal, wood, gas, coke, and oil were effectively discussed, resulting in the prevention of much useless waste. Frequently the demand for information regarding certain orders was great, but the State administration forces were equal to the emergency, and all questions were answered pleas- antly and promptly. Every possible effort was directed toward informing the people fully of the work of the administration and what their duties were. EXPRESSIONS OF APPRECIATION. In conclusion, the State fuel administrator acknowledges with deep appreciation the patriotic support, unselfish aid, and the splendid cooperation which he has received from the people of Florida generally. Par- ticularly is he indebted for the friendly, patriotic, and valuable aid which he has received from those allied with the administration throughout Florida, whose self-sacrificing offices contributed so 'largely to the successful operations of the administration. It has been an honor to serve under such a chief as Dr. Harry A. Garfield, whose wisdom in directing the great and necessary work is conceded throughout the civilized world. His every act has been characterized by the best patriotism; and he surrounded himseK with a loyal, capable force, to which the Florida administration is justly indebted for many courtesies and most valuable assistance. • I can not too highly commend the men who have been so actively associated with me in the work. These local fuel committees and others represent a high class of citizenship, and they have performed yeoman service for their country in the conflict which waged so violently, but which resulted in such a glorious triumph on No- vember 11, 1918. The expenses of the Florida Fuel Administration were a little more than $3,000 for the calendar year 1918. Eespectfully submitted. Arthur T. Williams, Federal Fuel Administrator for Florida. Jacksonville, Fla., December 31, 1918. REPORT RELATIVE TO CONSERVATION OF COAL RESULTING PRINCIPALLY FROM SUBSTITUTION OF WOOD. The conservation problem came with peculiar interest to Florida because this State was fortunate in posses- sing abundant fuel wood, pine and oak being the principal supply. The substitution of wood for coal was accepted as a most effective patriotic propaganda, and early in the spring of 1918 a vigorous campaign was made, and the movement met with a ready response on the part of the people generally. In the hottest summer months busy scenes marked the various wood yards, and by November 1 it was esti- mated that 80 per cent of the consumers had bought their fuel wood for the winter's needs. Because of the large number of peddlers of wood, and because of the large number of wood producers who sold directly to consumers, it is impossible to obtain accurate figures as to the increased demand for wood in 1918 over 1917. However, as an index to the general conditions it has been shown that dealers in Jacksonville sold more than twice as much wood in 1918 as in 1917, and this result can be credited to the campaign, which was met FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 69 by the desire on the part of the people to do theu- patriotic duty. From the best investigation that can be made Jacksonville's increased demands exceeded 19,000 cords, which, at an average cost of $8 per cord, would show that $152,000 more was spent for wood in Jacksonville alone than during the previous year. The above figures are probably too conservative, as the wood prices prevailing for stove lengths prior to November were, pine S9 per cord and oak $10, after which the increase was made to $12 because of labor and other conditions; under the advanced price, however, the demand was not great because the people had laid in so large a supply during the summer months. A gratifying fact was that many industries and other large coal consumers had substituted wood in order to comply with the conservation request of the fuel administration. This, too, showed a high type of patriotism, as it is to this alone that the action taken is attributable. Largely due to the wood-buying campaign, Florida faced the winter in a condition most satisfactory; and that it had fully cooperated with the Fuel Administration was conceded by all. Every order and request emanating from the Administration relative to coal conservation met with ready and cheerful compHance on the part of the people of Florida; and when the " gasolineless Sunday" request was made, there was a compliance that exceeded the most sanguine expectations of the State administrator and those associated with him in the work. With several thousand licensed automobiles, there were very few in operation on the Sundays embraced in the request, and the use of most of these was justified because included in the exemption. This is mentioned as indicative of the desire of our people to meet all the requirements of the administration, and it gives evidence that Floridians realized and appreciated the service of the Fuel Admin- istration in its necessary and imperative work in aiding to win the war. As fuel administrator, I can not too highly commend the wisdom of the National Administration in directing the conservation movement; but equal tribute is deserved by the people of Florida for the cheerful, patriotic response to all orders and requests. Respectfully submitted. Arthur T. Williams, Federal Fuel Administrator for Florida. By C. E. Jones, Executive Secretary. 70 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. FLORIDA. Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To- Williams, Arthur T 7 West Forsyth Street, Jackson- ville. Jacksonville . . V V V V V V V V V V s s Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 25,1917 do do do do do do Aug. 10,1918 Nov. 25,1917 Deo. 4, 1917 Dec. 1,1917 Mar. 27,1919 STATE ADVISORY BOARD. Axtoll,E. P Jacksonville. Feb. 28,1919 ..do do Do. Conroy, F. P do do Do. Harris, I^ouis A Key West Key West . . Do. Terry, W.E Jacksonville . . Jacksonville Do. Thornton, H. H Do. Wall, Perry G Tampa Tampa Do. STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Day, Charles I Administrative engineer Director of enforcement Palatka Feb. 15,1919 Hartridge, A. G Jacksonville . Jacksonville . Do. Jones, Charles E . . . . Executive -secretary and pub- licity agent. Private secretary and stenog- rapher. 7 West Forsyth Street, Jack- sonville, .do Thirty-third Street, Jacksonville. . 112 East First Street, Jacksonville. Do. Lowther, Lillian M Do. FDEL COMMITTEES. Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES. Plant City: Thomas, Wayne, chair- man. Schneider, Albert Young, J. L St. Petersburg: Wood, F. A. chairman. . Wilson, E. F Tarpon Springs: Durrance, J. R., chair- man. Beekman, J. C Shaw, Harry COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES. Alachua, Bradford, and Lew Steckert, W. B., chair- man. Kite, Silas Brevard: Fit?,-Hugh, N. R., chair- man. Calhoun; Warren, C. R,, chairman Barton. O. B Isbell, J. K Citrus, HemandoandMarion: Anderson, R. L., chair- man. Columbia: Small, Maj. A. B., chair- man. Dade: Hudson, Hon. F. M., chairman. Bradley, E. L Cohen, Isador De Soto: Robbins, Louis J. .chair- man. Burnett, Dr. G. G Dozier, A. J Duval: Owen, E. P., jr., chair- man. Holt, F. M...'. McCollum, O. O.. McGiffln, John G Ulsch.P. M Pa'ichal, George K Escambia: Hayward, Wilmer, chair man. Hayes, Daniel J Logan, W. B Franklin: Warren, J. F., chairman. Gadsden, Leon, Wakulla, and Jefferson: Bushnell, Maj. J. W., chairman. Yates, Jj. A., chairman.. Hamilton: Webb, Warren M., chair- man. Hillsboro: Linebaugh , H. T. , chair- man. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Plant City -do. .do. St. Petersburg ....do Tarpon Sprmgs. .do. .do. Gainesville. . Starke Fort Lauder- dale. Blountstown. . . Altha Wewahitchka.. Ocala . Lake City... .do. .do. Arcadia. ....do. ....do. Jacksonville. . . .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Pensacola. -do. -do. Appalachicola. Tallahassee .....do Jasper Tampa.. Served. From — Jan. 22,1918 .do. .do. Jan. Jan. 17,1918 5,1918 do.. .do. .do. Dec. 26,1917 ....do Sept. 5,1918 Sept. 24, 1918 ....do do Dec. 15,1917 Jan. 23,1918 ....do -do. .do. Jan. 22,1918 .do. .do. Jan. 23,1918 do do do Nov. 6,1918 Jan. 23,1918 .do. .do... .do... Jan. ,1918 Dec. fi, 1917 May 19,1918 Oct. 12,1918 Jan. 23,1918 Feb. 28,1019 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. (') Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES- continued. Hillsboro— Continued: Bizc, Dr. L. E Fielder, William . . Jackson, F. D Maa,s, Isaac Jackson: Lewis, Adam M., chair- man. Smith, John C Watson, L. M Lake, Pasco, and Sumter: Igou, W. M,, chairman.. Lee: Mohl, J. M., chairman. .. Franklin, W. P., chair- man. Gilliam, R.W Madison: Horton, Butler, chair- man. Knight, W. P Waring, B. G Manatee: Green, E. P., chairman.. Edwards, A. B Robinson, W. E Monroe: Bates,W. Lawton, chair- man. Busto, J.F Nassau: Mularkey, D, P,, chair- man. Flood, E,H Ogilvie, A, E Okeechobee: Gary, W, R,, chairman. . Mumby, F. W., jr Owens, T.B Orange: Dann, Carl, chairman. . . Palm Beach: Campbell, T. J., chair- man. Campbell, C. W Stephenson, E. A Pinellas fsee city fuel com- mittees). Polk: Clark, J. D., chairman. . Childs, J.E Davis, J.Jj I'utnam: Wilson, F. H., chairman St. Johns: Taylor, A.M., chairman Seminole: Davidson, J. D., chair- man. Newman, R. A Spencer, G.W Suwanee: Parramorc, F. S., chair- man. Dowliog, J. H Harvard, J^. S Official station. Volun- teer or salary Tanipa.. ;;;;do!; ....do.. .do. .do. Eustis Fort Myers. . do ....do Madison. -do. .do. Bradentown. . Sarasota Palmetto Key West. ....do Fcrnandina . Yulee.... Callahan. Okeechobee ....do ....do Orlando.. West Palm Beach. ..do.... ..do.... Bartow. do.. do.. Palatka St. Augustine. Sahford .do. .do.. Live Oak. .do., .do.. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. Jan. 23,1918 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Dec. 15,1917 .Tan. 22,1918 .Tan. 22,1918 Apr. 17,1918 ....do ....do Feb. 20,1918 ....do ....do Dec. 10,1917 ....do Oct. 23,1918 Nov. 8, 1918 do Mav 14,1918 do do Feb. 2, 1918 Oct. 7, 1918 .do .do Jan. 29,1918 do do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Dec. 12,1917 Do. Dec. 22,1917 Do Jan. 23,1918 Do .-.-do ....do Do Do Apr. 15,1918 Do .-..do ....do.. Do Do Do. Do. Do. ' Deceased. GEORGIA. Dr. L. G. Hardman, of Commerce, Ga., was appointed Federal fuel administrator for the State of Georgia under date of September 28, 1917. The organization of the Georgia State division began to take shape imme- diately upon Dr. Hardman's return from Washington, where he attended a conference, together with other newly appointed State fuel administrators, with Dr. Garfield, on October 2, 1917. On or about October 10, 1917, Dr. Hardman appointed an advisory committee composed of the following gentlemen: W. E. Small, Macon; F. E. Calloway, Atlanta; Judge T. A. Parker, Waycross; E. K. Farmer, Fitz- gerald; J. P. Cooper, Kome. The advisory committee as above mentioned has served continuously and has rendered valuable assistance in the successful conduct of the Georgia State division. The next official act performed by Dr. Hardman was the organization of his office force by the appointment of Mell M. Stephenson, a public accountant of Atlanta, Ga., as his executive secretary. The work of appoint- ing local and county fuel administrators was practically complete by October 25. Thus the machinery for operating the Georgia State division was set in motion before November 1, 1917. From the very beginning the office of the State fuel administrator was overrun with correspondence, telegrams, and callers, a fact which very soon convinced those in charge that domestic consumers generally were wholly unprepared for the winter. A general canvass was undertaken by the State fuel administrator, to determine the exact status of the domestic coal situation in Georgia; and without exception each community seemed to be in desperate need of immediate assistance. Emergency orders, considerable in number, were immediately filed in the office of Mr. L. A. Snead, of the United States Fuel Administration at Washington; and while some relief was given, it seemed to be impossible to supply the extraordinary demand. Recognizing the gravity of the situation, the State fuel administrator instituted a wood fuel department which was placed in charge of a committee composed of Judge T. A. Parker, of Waycross, Ga., as chairman and Mr. James B. Berry, of the State College of Agricultm-e, Athens, Ga., as secretary. Work done by this committee was of great value and contributed materially to the relief of emergencies in many localities. Muni- cipal wood yards were encouraged by the wood fuel committee, and municipal wood yards were established at Athens, Rome, Cordele, Gainesville, Fort Valley, and several other places. Although the wood fuel campaign conducted by the wood fuel committee was of considerable aid, the domestic coal situation continued to be a very serious problem throughout the winter of 1917-18, and it was not until September, 1918, that we were able to cope with the situation. The serious shortage of the winter of 1917-18 was made more difficult by weather conditions; for this was perhaps the hardest winter experienced in Georgia in a quarter of a century. During January, 1918, the State fuel administrator received notice from Washington to the effect that the prerogative of confiscating and diverting coal could, in his discretion, be delegated to local and county fuel administrators. The State fuel administrator, following these instructions, gave notice to local and county fuel administrators that in certain instances they would be authorized to confiscate or divert coal, but that no diversion would be authorized until first submitted to the State fuel administrator for his approval. As a result, although a great number of cars of coal were diverted, we were able to account for every car so handled, of which record we feel quite proud. In January, 1918, the State fuel administrator instituted a traffic department, which was placed in charge of Mr. T. L. CoUins, of the Central of Georgia Railroad, Macon, Ga., and later (upon resignation of Mr. Collins) this department was turrlfed over to Mr. R. W. Courts, of the Ilhnois Central Railroads. The headquarters of the traffic department are in Atlanta. This department has proven to be of great value in the conduct of this division. On January 1, 1918, Dr. Hardman appointed Col. R. L. J. Smith, an attorney of Commerce, Ga., as field secretary, which office has contributed very materially to the success of the Georgia State division. Our conservation department was established in September, 1918, and was placed in charge of Capt. J. W. Bamett, civil engineer, with headquarters in Athens, Ga. The enforcement department was established in September, 1918, and Mr. Sumner J. Smith, jr., an attorney of Commerce, Ga., was made director of this department. This department has been very active since its creation, a great number of hearings having been held by the director in different sections of the State, which have resulted in several contributions to the American Red Cross. 71 72 EEPOET or ADMINISTKATIVE DIVISION. In the conduct of the Georgia State division we have enjoyed the loyal and active cooperation of our entire State organization, including the local and county fuel administrators. Numerous orders were issued by the State fuel administrator, both controlling local distribution and for conservation purposes, all of which so far as we know were enforced by each local and county fuel administrator. In this connection it may be said, however, that our people as a rule have aU along manifested a spirit of cooperation. Perhaps one of the most important orders issued by the State fuel administrator, tending to reheve the domestic situation very materially, was an order issued in August, 1918, which provided that no local retail dealer could deliver to any customer more than four tons of __ coal until all of his customers had received this tonnage. As a result, with the first pinch of winter we received only a very few emergency orders. Another order issued by the State fuel administrator which proved to be of valuable assistance was an order forbidding retail dealers or other distributors of coal from delivering domestic lump coal for use in furnaces. This order proved to be of the greatest value in the larger cities. We believe that the foregoing will afford a fair synopsis of the activities of the Georgia State Division of the United States Fuel Administration. Yours, very truly, Mell M. Stephenson, Executive Secretary, For L. G. Hardman, Commeece, Ga., Federal Fuel Administrator for Georgia. December 23, 1918. GEORGIA. Name. Hardman, Dr. L. G. STATE ADVISORY BOAED. Small, W. E., chairman. . Calloway, F. E Parker, T. A Farmer, E. K Cooper, J. P STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Stephenson, Mell M Jackson, W. L Hood, Geraldine .'- Turner, Charles E Smith, S. J., jr Barnes, J. Lee Collins, T. L Courts, R. W. (successor) Bamett, J. W McBumey, W. B Jones, A. "W Anthony, Mary D Anthony, Mrs. W. H . . . Bell, Lois Crow, Inez Doherty , .Josephine Edenfleld, K. W Griffith, Lucy Hicks, EfBe King, Eula Lovem, Zora.. McAllister, H. C McConnell, Ethel Mobley, Winnie D Paine, Lil Reynolds, J. A Roberts, Hughes Scovllle, Lois Smith, R. L. J Stephenson, M. G Stephenson, Mell M., jr.. Weoer, Joe M WOOD FUEL COMMITTEE. Parker. T. A., chairman... Berry, James B . , secretary. Title. State fuel administrator. Executive secretary Assistant executive secretary do Assistant to administrator Director of enforcement Director hotel conservation Director industrial department. . do Chief engineer, fuel conservation. Assistant engineer, fuel conser- vation, do. Clerical assistant . . . Stenographer do File clerk Stenographer clerk, distribution. Stenographer do.. do.. Clerical assistant . Stenographer do do do do Clerk Stenographer Field secretary- . . Clerical assistant . Janitor Stenographer Official station. Commerce . Macon Atlanta Waycross . . Fitzgerald.. Rome Commerce . do..... do Macon Commerce. Atlanta do do Athens Atlanta do Commerce. . do do do Savannah. . Macon Athens Rome Commerce.. do do do do do Macon Atlanta Commerce.. do.. do. do.. Rome.. Waycross . Athens Home address. Commerce . Macon Atlanta "Waycross . . Fitzgerald.. Rome Commerce do do Macon Commerce Atlanta do 46 Peachtree Arcade. . . Athens 1058 Peachtree Street.. 334 South Ashby Street Commerce ....do do ....do P. O. box 364, Savannah Macon 187 Milledge Avenue, Athens 208 West Eleventh Street, Rome. Commerce do. .do- do.. Social Circle.. Athens Macon Atlanta Commerce do.. do. ....do- Rome. . Waycross. Athens Volun- teer or V V V V V S S S S S V V S V V V V Served. From- Sept. 28,1917 -do .do .do .do .do Oct. Dec. May Jan. Dec. Oct. Feb. Apr. Aug. Oct. Oct. Feb. Dec. Jan. Dec. Sept. Deo. . P Thompson, W. G Move,B. A Taylor, Dr. T.J Lee: Martin, E. B., sr., chair- man. Hall, D. D., chairman... liberty: Pinkston, J. A., chair- man. Lincoln: Powell, W. C, chairman. Lowndes: Newman, J. J., chair- man. Jones, B. H., chairman. Lumpkin: Head, Homer, chairman McDuffie: Johnson, B, F., member and chairman. Schneider, H. P., chair- man. Stephens, B. J Gross, J. E Gibson, Dr. D Neal, J.T.,ir Neal, G. T.'. Hayes, J.M Howell, R.L Norris,H.S AdWiis, A. F Barksdale, 0. W Palmer, H.S Curtis, J. H Hall.C. J Bartlett, J. H Kimnes.E Stine, M Mcintosh: Bailey, F. A., chairman Macon: Hays, J. E., chairman.. Madison: Mosely, B. T., chairman. Thompson, J. N. B Deadwyler^Dr. O. L. . . Hardman, H. C •Montieello do do Hillsboro Shady Dale.. Machen Kelly Farrar Brnughton . . . .\dgateville.. Gladesvllle. .. Hazlchurst... ■Louisville. ....do Wadley. Bartow.. Millen... Wrights villo.. Gray. ....do , ....do Bradley ....do Wayside Round Oak. James do Round Oak. do ■Dublin.. ....do.. Dexter Dudley... Lovett Brew ton.. Montrose.. Cadwell... Rentz Leesburg.. ....do Ludowici.. do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Volun- teer or salary. Pan.°.y Valdosta.. do Dahlonega . . . ^Thomson . . ....do Ridge ville Montezuma... Danielsville... Comer Carlton Colbert V V V V V V V V V V V Served. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V From- fJune 15,1918 \Nov. 1,1917 ..do ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. do r.\ug. 30,1918 LNov. 1, 1917 do .do., .do.. .do.. ..do.. /Sept. 25,1918 \Nov. 1,1917 ..do .do.... .do .do .do .do .do .do .do ..do .do ..do ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. Apr. 26,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do Mar. 20,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do /....do ISept. 14,1918 Nov. 1,1917 .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... Feb. 15,1919 June 15,1918 Jime 7,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 30,1918 Do. Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do- Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Sept. 25,1918 Sept. 19, 1918 Feb. 15.1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 19,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Mar. 13,1918 Feb. 1.5,1919 Sept. 14,1918 Fels. 15,1919 Sept. 14,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Marion: Smith, J. O., chairman.. Meriwether: Johnson, T. N., chair- man. Miller: Bird, B.C., chairman. . . Milton: Rainwater, C. V. , chair- man. Mitchell: Burson, G.C., chairman. Watt,C.E Jones, Dr. H.H Jackson, Dr. R. P Spence, Dr. D. A Monroe: Zellner, A. M^ chairman. Holmes, R. H Montgomery: Martin, E. S,, chairman. Morgan; Barrett, C . F . , chairman . Williford, Q. L. (city committeeman) . Murray: Jefferson, M. D., chair- man. Starr, D. P Muscogee: Cargill, J. Don, chairman. Whiteside, Geo. P., chairman. Betjeman, J. A., chair- man. Newton: Fowler, E . W. , chairman Boswell, N.J Oconee; Kennimer, Dr. E. H., chairman. Branch, A. B Elder, Dr. J.E Murrow, H. T Wood, Emory Oglethorpe; Crawford, T. W., chair- man. Brightwell, W. T Young, H.C Crawford, Ben T Harris, T.C Paulding: Stubbs, A. W., member and chairman. Turner, H. L. , chairman. Colquit, A. O Byrd, W.F Withrow, R. T Thomas, W. M Moon, J. W Pickens: Tate, F. C, chairman.. Pierce; Johnson, H. , chairman. OUver, T. W 0'Qutan,J.H Pike: Jordan,W. C. , chairman. Yarbrough, J. E Tyus, W! G Howell, W.D Bradenburg, H.H Jordan, J. T Langford.H.G Polk: Davis, J. K., chairman. . Pulaski: Mathews, W. A., chair- man. Landingham, J. D. Van. Putnam: Leonard, C . D . , jr. , chair^ man. Holt, Frank W Stubbs, Frank P Williford, W. D Quitman: Oliver, T . W. , chairman , Rabun; Dozier, W. T., chairman. Randolph: Taylor.W.O., chairman . Richmond; Garllngton, S. F., chair- man and member. Hatch, A. S., chairman. Carr.C. D , Oflicial station. Volun- teer or saliiry. Buena Vista Manchester. . Colquitt Alpharetta.. Camilla do Sale City Baconton... Pelham Forsyth Culloden Alston Madison ....do Chatsworth . do Columbus. do .do... Covington. . Mansfield.. Bishop Watkinsville.. Farmington, R F.D. Farmington. . . Bogart Lexington. . Maxeys Stephens Crawford Arnoldsville. . ■Dallas. . do.. .do.. Hiram.. Dallas... Hanlln. Hiram . . Jasper... Blackshear. . Georgetown. Patterson Barnesville. . Williamson. Milner Zebulon Concord Moleua Meansville . . Cedartown Hawkinsville . Finleyson Eatonton ....do ....do ....do Georgetown. Clayton Cuthbert ► Augusta. do.... do.... V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Nov. 1,1917 ....do ....do ....do do ....do ....do ....do ..-.do ....do .do. .do- -do.. .do.. ....do ....do June 20,1918 June 5,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do... do... ....do.- ...do ...do do do ....do.. .do... .do... .do... .do... /....do lAug. 16,1918 Nov. 1,1917 -...do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do .do .do .do do- do., do., do., do., do., do.. .do., .do., .do., .do.. To— Feb. 16,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. .do., .do.. ..do ..do -.do /Apr. 8, 1918 \Nov. 1,1917 do do Do. June 20,1918 June 5,1918 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 16,1918 Feb. 15,1919 June 4, 1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 8,1918 Do. Feb. 16,1919 76 EEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. GEORGIA — Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Richmond— Continued. Jones, H.H Vason, T. G Doughty, J. P., jr Phinizy, H Bussay, James S. , jr Ramsey, W. W Bell.W.P Gorman, B.C. O Baird.C.E Jones, A. D Lev,is, J. H Chambers, R. I, Piatt, S.B Meyers, S. H Littleton, J. R Jackson, A. G Rockdale: Wood, M. L., chairman. Schley: Jordan, J. R., chairman. Screven: Overstreet, J. M., chair- man. Spalding: Nioholls, Wm. G., chair- man. Stephens: Mitchell, E. E., chair- man. Mize.C. M Yow,L Cooper, W. A Stewart: French, James E . , chair- man. Dixon, R. J Sumter: Oliver, R. S., chairman. Griffin, L.C Bagley G. W.,jr Allen, I>ee (city commit- teeman). Mize, Hugh L. (city com- mitteeman). Talhct: Spivey, E. H., chairman . Smith, W. T McBride, R. L Blythe, R. P Taliaferro: Beazley, J. A., chairman. Tattnall: Brewton, H. J. , chairman Taylor: Bonus, C. E., chairman. Teltair: Simmons, J. K., chair- man. Doster, J. A Minx, T.I/ Coleman, H, A Elder, J. T Clements, J. C Burch. Dr. G. A Terrell: Marlin, R. R . , chairman Pierce, Marvin Brvan,C. N , Davis, Ij. E Thomas: Montgomery, J. S., chair- man. Rogers, H. C , Flower's, J. H. fcity committeeman) . Tilt: Murrow, J. B., chairman, Cowart, Miles Gay, R. E Tyson, Dr. W. E Pickett, Dr. R. R Toombs: I^everett, G. W., chair- man. Hanks, Lee Towns: Johnson, .1. M., chairman Treutlen: Ward, R. E., chairman. Troup: Avary, J. A., chairman and member. Johnson, J. G., chairman Travlor, Hendon Davis, W. G Edmondson, G. S Official station. Augusta do.. do.. do.. do- do.. ....do.. do... ....do... do... do.. do.., .do... ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. Conyers.. EUavillo. Rylvania. Griffin. Toccoa. .do.. Martin.. Avalon.. Richland - -do.. Plains I,eslie Desoto .4mericus. ....do.., Talbolton Woodland Geneva Junction City. Crawford villo . Reids\'llle Butler., McRae. Lumber City. . Milan Helena Scotland 1 owns Jacksonville. . . Dawson Parrot BroDwood.. Sasser Thomasville.. Boston Thomasville. , Tifton Omega Broofcfield. Chula TyTy Vidalia .do.. Hiawassee.. Soperton. . . [West Point... do Gabbettville.. Hogansvllle... .\bbottsford Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V' V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 1,1917 do... do... do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....dn... ....do... ....do... ....do... ...do.., ...do.. do.. ..do.. ....do ....do , ....do ....do Apr. 311,1918 ....do Nov. 1,1917 ....do , ....do ....do , .Tune 11,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do. do. do. .do.., .do... .do. ..do., ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do., ..do.. do. do., do., do.. .do.. do., do.. ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... do.... do.... do.... Nov. 9,1918 /May 1,1918 \Nov. 1,1917 ..do ..do ..do ..do To— Fel- 1.5,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do Do. Dc. Do. Do. Do. Do. June 11,1918 Feb. 16,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ■ Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 1,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. May 1,1918 Do. Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Troup— Continued. Wells, O.I Combs, J. W Sargent, G. H. (city committeeman) . Turner: Story, J. J., chairman... Twiggs: Rockmore, J. G., chair- man. Jones, G. E Shannon, J. C Faulk, C. R Linder, W. F Union: Butts, J. A., chairman. . Upson: Birdsong, H. H., chair- man, Blaok,K.T..i Jenkins, W. 1< Barron, J. B Reeves, T. J Dalla?,R. E Barron, J. T Hightower, W . H Nelson, A.J Hardy, J. B Mitchell, G.H McNiece, Elson Small, C. E Stephens, P. W Mallory, L. A Walker: Davenport, W. 0.', chairman. Shaw, W. B Walton: Nowell.E. P., jr., chair- man. Ray, Harry A., chair- man. Floyd, W. L. (city com- mitteeman). Ware: Wadley, J. E., chairman. Darling, T.J Hopkins, J. T Humphrey, J. C Warren: Felt, M. L., chairman. . . Wheatley, J. W Ray, Dr. E. S Gulll.B. A Chapman, Starling Wilkinson: Wood, H. C, chairman. . Washington: Shelnutt, C. D., chair- man. Lang, W. R Taylor, J. H Rawlings, A. A Arnall, J. H. (city com- mitteeman). Wayne: Reed, W. R., chairman. Webster: Stapleton, J. R., chair- man. Wheeler: Fordham, L. P. man. Rivers, W. A . . . Sumner, WilKe. . White: Jarrard, H. A^ chairman Edwards, C.H Rogers, B. A , Hood, P.L Whitfield: Hall, J^S., chairman. . . , Wilcox: Whitehead, E. D., chair- man. Blackshear, J. H Futcher, J. R Fatten, M.M WUkes: Smith, E. R., chair- man. Livingston, Moss FicMen, Boyce, jr. (city committeeman). Worth: Grubbs, Clifford, chair- man. , chair- Official station Moimtville. Big Spring. , I/agrange..., Ashbum. Jellersonville. , ....do do.... Danville. ....do.... Blairsville.. Thomaston. ..do., ..do., ..do., ..do.. .do., .do., .do.. Thomaston- . ....do Yatesville. . . do do The Rock... Crest La Fayette. do Monroe do Logans ville. Way cross... do do do Warrenton.- do Norwood Camak Bamett Irwin ton Sandersville. do Davisboro Sandersville. . Tennille Jesup . . . Preston. Alamo . . Glenwood. Erick Cleveland . -do Helen. Nacoochee . Dalton. . . Rochelle. do.... .do.. Abbeville Washington. . Tignall Washington., Sylvester.. Volun tecr or .-alirj. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From — Nov. 1,1917 ....do , ....do ....do .do. .do.. ....do ....do , ....do , ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Aug. 13,1918 Nov. 1,1917 .do., .do., -do., .do. .do., .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ,..do. .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do.. .do.. .do ..do- ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do- ..do- ..do.. ..do- ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. .do.. To— Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 13,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. IDAHO. The organization of the Federal fuel administration for Idaho was commenced with the appointment of F. R. Gooding, of Gooding, Idaho, as fuel administrator for this State, on or about the 1st day of October, 1917. C. A. Elmer, of Gooding, was appointed executive secretary, and the following persons were appointed as an advisory committee, such appointments being made with the advice and consent of the United States Fuel Administrator, Dr. H. A. Garfield, as follows: Peter Johnson, Sandpoint; R. M. Walker, Wallace; M. E. Lewis, Moscow; Frank Martin, Boise; W. P. Guthrie, Twin Falls; C. A. Valentine, Pocatello; T. E. Ricks, Rexburg. The State was districted into eight districts, members of the advisory committee accepting the adminis- tration of the different districts as follows : First district: Boundary and Bonner Counties. S;econd district: Kootenai, Shoshone, and Benewah Counties. Third district: Latah, Clearwater, Lewis, Idaho, and Nez Perce Counties. Fourth district: Gem, Canyon, Payette, Washington, Adams, Valley, Ada, Boise, and Owyhee Counties. Fifth district: Gooding, Lincoln, Camas, Blaine, Elmore, and part of Owyhee Counties. Sixth district: Twin Falls, Cassia, and Minidoka Counties. Seventh district: Power, Bannock, Franklin, Oneida, Bear Lake, Bingham, Butte, Custer, and Lemhi Counties. Eighth district: BonneviUe, Jefferson, Madison, Fremont, and Teton Counties. County and interior district administrators were appointed by the members of the advisory committee. The activities of the fuel administration in Idaho were largely directed to the securing of ample supplies of coal and to their proper distribution to the various parts of the State. I feel that it is proper to report that this work was accomplished as well as could be expected through the activity of the former fuel adminis- trator and that of the various members of the local and district boards. At no time, after the administration tecame effective, was any serious shortage in the fuel supply encountered. There are practically no industrial organizations within the State, with the exception of the sugar factories in the southern part of the State, that use coal for fuel. Practically all the other mills including the grist mills, make use of hydroelectric power. It has never been found that any particular additional economy could be effected in the use of coal in the manufacture of sugar. The effort at economy and conservation in Idaho was, of necessity, almost entirely devoted to t^e domestic use of coal, and this conservation could largely be brought about by the use of wood. Throughout the past year considerable effort has been made to induce the substitution of wood for coal wherever possible. It would be well nigh impossible to determine just how much of a saving has been brought about in this way. However, it is safe to assume that such saving did not exceed 5 per cent of the total coal demanded for district uses. Yours, very truly, C. C. Anderson, Federal Fuel Administrator for Idaho. Boise, Idaho, December SI, 1918. 77 78 EEPOET OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. IDAHO. Name. Title. OiRcial station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From- To— Gooding, Fi'ank R. Anderson, C. C State fuel administrator. do First National Bank Building, Gooding. Boise Lincoln Inn, Gooding . Boise STATE ADVISORY BOARD Johnson, Peter Walker, R.M Lewis, M. E Martin, Frank Gooding, Frank R. Guthrie, W. P Valentine, C. A Ricks, T. E Administrator, Administrator, Administrator, Administrator, Administrator, Administrator, Administrator, Administrator, first district ^ second district \. third district " - . fourth district <. . fifth district 5.... sixth district «. . . seventh district ?. eighth district 8.. Sandpoint - . Wallace Moscow Boise Gooding — Twin Falls. . Pocatello Re-xburg Sandpoint . . Wallace Moscow Boise Gooding — Twin Falls. . Pocatello Rexburg — STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL Elmer C. A Brandlj Mrs. Edna. . Hill, Mrs. Flossie G . Macey, T orothy I Aicke, Beulah Thomas, Anna Executive secretary- Stenographer do .. ..do do do Boise Gooding . do... Boise Gooding . do... 911 Fort Street, Boise Idaho Falls Gooding '418 Resseguie Street, Boise . Gooding Preston V V V V V V V V V V Oct. 1, 1917 Sept. 26, 1918 Oct. 24, 1917 do! Nov. 1, 1917 do Nov. 1, 1917 do do , Oct. 14,1917 Bee. 28, 1917 Oct. 20, 1917 Oct. IS, 1918 July 1, 1918 Nov. 12, 1917 Sept. 26, 1918 Apr. 5, 1919 Feb. 28, 1919 Do. To. To. Do. Uo. Eo. Feb. 15, 1919 Feb. 15, 1918' June, 1918 Feb. 16, 1919 Do. Dec. 30, 191 ' First district. Boundary and Bonner Counties. 2 Second district, Kootenai, Shoshone, and Benewah Counties. 3 Third district, Latah, Clearwater, Lewis, Idaho, and Nez Perce Counties. ' Fourth district. Gem, Canyon, Payette, Washington, Adams, Valley, Ada, Boise, and Owyhee Counties. s Fifth district, Gooding, Lincoln, Camas, Blaine, Elmore, and part of Owvnee Counties. » Sixth district, Twin Falls, Cassia, and Minidoka Counties. ' Seventh district. Power, Bannock, Franklin, Oneida, Bear Lake, Bingham, Butte, Custer, and Lemhi Counties. ' Eighth district, Boimeville, Jefferson, Madison, Fremont, and Teton Counties. FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From- To— COUNTY AND DISTRICT AD- MINISTRATORS. Adams County: Burten- shaw, L. I;. Batmock County: Valen- tine, C. A. Bear Lake County: Gray, G.C. Benewah County: FraUck, J. G. Bingham County: Peck, E.G. Blaine County: Hart, John R. Bonneville County: Holden, E.H. Butte County: Smith, J. E.. Camas County: Perkins, w.y. Canyon County (Caldwell district): Griffiths, Wal- Canyon County (Nampa dis- trict), Dewey, E. H. Cassia Coimty: Lee, T. Bailey. CasSia County (Oakley dis- trict), Mitchell, W. J. Custer County: Hansen, C. V. Elmore and Bruneau district in Owyhee County: Gibson, W. H. (succes- sor.) Miller, Allen Franklin Coimty: Johnson, Lorenzo. Fremont County: Hopkins, T. H. Gem County and part of Boise County: Hayes, E. K. Jefferson County: Ells- worth, F. B. Kootenai County: Stevens, CD. Lemhi Coimty: Glennon, L. E. Council Pocatello Montpelier,. St. Maries. . . Blackfoot Hailey Idaho Falls. Arco Fairfield Caldwell Nampa Burley . ..... Oakley Mackay Mountain Home Glens Ferry. . . Preston St. Anthony. - Emmett Rigby Coeur d'Alene. Salmon V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 27,1917 do Dec. 12,1917 do Dec. 28,1917 Nov. 21,1917 Nov. 8,1917 Dec. 11,1917 Nov. 1,1917 Nov. 27,1917 Jan. 23,1918 do Dec. 12,1917 Jan. 23,1918 July 1, 1918 Nov. 1,1917 Jan. 23,1918 do Dec. 1,1917 Jan. 23,1918 Nov. 6,1917 Dec. 17,1917 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 1, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. COUNTY AND DISTRICT AD- MiNisTRATOEa— oontd. Lewis and Idaho Counties and Camas Prairie district : Barbour, B.C Augur, B. (successor) . . . Lincoln County: Shepherd, R. E. Lincoln County (Richfield district): Miekelwait, R. E. Madison County: Thatcher, H. R. Minidoka County: Disney, W. H. Nez Perce and Clearwater Counties and Clearwater district: Becker, John R partlett, T. H. (succes- sor). Oneida County: Ralph J. Payette County: Charles F. Power County: W. J. Teton County: Chester B. Twin Falls Coimty: Thomas, CD. Buhl district— Ostrom, A. W Sherfey, J. Hugh Filer district — Wood, Arch. Kimberly district — Breckon, W. F. Hansen district — Pro- vost, M. B. Murtaugh district— Hall, W. C Hollister district — Cra- ven, W. H. Rogerson district — Clark, Ray H. ValleyCounty: Logue, Fred. Washington County: Faurot, Frank S. Hardy, Muller, Hansen, Walker, Ferdinand.. Grangeville.. Jerome Richfield.. Rexburg.. Rupert Oroflno Lewiston.. MaladCity Payette American Falls. Driggs Twin Falls Buhl... do.. Filer... Kimberly. Hansen Murtaugh. Hollister . . Rogerson.. Cascade . Weiser.. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 1, 1917 July 3,1918 Nov. 1,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 1,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 1*1917 Nov. 19,1917 Dec. 1, 1917 Dec. 5,1917 Dec. 1, 1917 do , do , Dec. 7,1917 July 1, 1918 Dec. 8, 1917 Deo. 7, 1917 Dec. 12,1917 Dec. 7,1917 do Dec. 1,1917 do Nov. 27,1917 July 3. 191« Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 19,1917 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ILLINOIS. From the standpoint of population and the consumption of coal, Illinois is divided into two parts; Cook County, which comprises the city of Chicago, representing approximately one-third of each, and the rest of the State. Consequently, the activities of the fuel administration were primarily divided into the Cook County administration and the Illinois State administration. Mr. John E. Williams, of Streator, 111., was appointed by Dr. Garfield as Federal fuel administrator for Illiaois in October, 1917, and continued his activities until, on account of ill health, he was compelled to resign on August 15, 1918. Upon taking office he appointed Mr. Raymond E. Durham as chairman of the Cook County committee and turned ov^er to him the organization of Cook County. The State organization had simple beginnings. The division of the State into districts was immediately made, these districts being in almost every instance coincident with the counties of the State, and numbered from 1 to 113, iaclusive. Chairmen were appointed in most of these districts, with instructions to organize their counties for the coming winter. It ^vill be remembered that the winter of 1917-18 was extraordinarily severe, the cold weather beginning December 1 and lasting until the 1st of March. Owing to statements not emanating from the fuel adminis- tration, the citizens of Illinois had not laid in their winter supply of coal even to the normal extent, and in consequence of this fact the county chairmen foimd that their hardest work began with their appointment^ and there was scarcely time to perfect an organization which could be controlled from the central office in Chicago. It is, however, to the great credit of the personnel which Mr. Williams had selected that these men took on the voluntary burden of the care of each community in its fuel supply and handled its problems more as individuals than as officials, with the result that there was so little suffering for lack of fuel among the domestic consumers in the State as to be almost negligible. During the early part of the month of January, 1918, Illinois was struck by a blizzard which completely blocked all the streets in the cities and seriously handicapped rail- road transportation. Four and 5 feet of snow were common, and after five or six days of superhuman efforts to dig out, another blizzard of even greater force than the first one came. It was several days before roads could be broken through the streets of the cities, and the country roads were impassable for a much longer period. For three weeks it was the common experience of the county chairmen to spend 12 to 14 hours a day in their offices with a corps of volunteer helpers endeavoring to distribute the very small supply of fuel to consumers. The fuel administration took complete charge of the distribution of fuel from the retail dealers to the consumer, and no instances have been reported of failure of cooperation by the retail dealers. It seemed to be the imi- versal idea that every one was to help one another, and were it not for this spirit the administration would not have made its record in handling the fuel situation in January. After the subsidence of the weather conditions the matter of the supply of communities was taken in better hand and no more difficulty was experienced. Beginning with April the " Buy-your-coal-now " campaign was undertaken with such great success that the demand for fuel during the spring and summer far exceeded the supply. The plan outlined and carried out in Illinois was to make deliveries in the outer portions of the zone early; and after a few months of fuel distribution the situation as canvassed showed that on August 1 the zone was supplied with fuel to the amount of 80 per cent of its annual requirements, except in the central part thereof, which lay nearest the coal mines, and it was figured that at that time the longest haul for coal would not be over 60 miles in case an emergency should arise. During August and September we filled up the balance of the State, and by the 1st of October we had approximately 90 per cent of the annual requirements of the State filled, both as to industrial and domestic requirements, with the result that, owing to the large overproduction of coal, the mine operators had exceeding difficulty in disposing of their output. This condition has continued for various reasons, chief among them being the extremely mild winter and the cessation of war manufactories. Among the duties of the county chairmen, aside from the protection of the public in its fuel supply and distribution, was the enforcement of various orders of the fuel administration, such as the "Anthracite regula- tions," the "Heatless Mondays," the "Five-day industrial shutdown," the so-called "Gasless Simdays," and "Lightless nights." In regard to the heatless Mondays, the five-day industrial shutdown, and the lightless nights it is our pleasure to report that these matters were so efficiently handled by the county chairmen that it was a rare instance when any report of violation was sent to the Chicago office for action. This is accounted for by the fact that the propaganda issued by the county chairmen, through the cooperation of the public 79 80 EEPOET or ADMINISTEATIVE DIVISION. print, was very effective in arousing the patriotic impulses of the people, and it became exceedingly unpopular for anyone to violate any of these orders. It is also worthy of note that in most instances orders were issued in the nature of requests and as such were obeyed without question. In small communities this was not a difficult matter to handle. In small communities the people are relatively better acquamted, and consequently dereliction of duty becomes a rare question and the honor of the community seems to be more largely mvolved. In a large community, such as the city of Chicago, where personal acquamtance is not a question of so much interest, there were more violations m number and the question needed a far different treatment from what is needed in the small communities of the State. A large force of volunteer inspectors was employed m lo- cating violators and reporting them, and it was customary to hold court once a week to hear reports on such violations and issue warnings or assess volimtary fines, which in every instance were accepted or paid without question. ANTHRACITE SITUATION IN 1918. Anthracite coal began to come into this State about March 1 in quantities larger than the amount needed for immediate consumption. Under the rules promulgated April 1 by the Fuel Admmistration at Washington, the county chairmen saw to it that the deliveries were made in accordance with these instructions. This was universal, except in one or two counties where the instructions were misunderstood, notably Cook County and Lake County. After several months the result of not following these instructions was manifest and special orders had to be issued covering these districts. In July an embargo was placed upon shipments of anthracite into the State of Illinois, excepting into 13 of the northeastern counties. This necessarily worked a grea,t hardship on the anthracite users in the rest of the State, but it is to their eternal credit that the people patri- otically accepted the dictum of the fuel administration without complaint. I say this because it is one of the most satisfying things which happened to me as fuel administrator for Illinois, that the people oi the State should have such faith in the wisdom of the administration rulings that they would accept any war measure with so little question as they did the anthracite embargo. The conservation department immediately undertook to gather data on the results of experiments on the burning of soft coal in hard-coal burners and to instruct anthracite consumers in the use of bituminous coal. This forced the Illinois administration to build up a very large conservation department and anthracite department, with the best of results. ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE ADMINISTRATION UNDER JOHN E. WILLIAMS. Mr. WiUiams organized the State department into six departments: The industrial department, having charge of the supply of fuel for industries; the State requirements department, having charge of the fuel supply for domestic consumers; the price department, having in charge the question of margins and coal prices; the State organization department, having in charge the appointment of the various chairmen; the conservation depart- ment, having in charge all matters of conservation of fuel; the accoimting department, having in charge all accounts and supplies. These various departments continued with A'^arious changes of personnel during the spring and summer of 1918. In August, on account of failing health, Mr. Williams felt compelled to resign his office, and his resignation was accepted, to take effect August 15, 1918. Mr. Raymond E. Durham was appointed Federal fuel administrator for Iffinois to succeed Mr. Williams, and he immediately reorganized the State offices by joining the Cook County administration and the State administration in the following scheme: ORGANIZATION PLAN UNDER MR. DTJUHAM. The executive department was formed with Mr. Durham as Federal fuel administrator for Illinois, Mr. Spencer Ewing, deputy fuel administrator for the State, and Mr. Roe Mackie, deputy fuel administrator for Cook County. This department took charge of the executive work. The State was divided into two parts: the State, and Cook County, the work being coordinated through the two deputies. The organization, therefore, was divided into two departments ; as follows : 1. The department of State organization was originally in charge of Mr. AUen B. Pond, director. This department immediately upon Mr. Williams's appointment took charge of the organization of the State into districts and the appointment of local fuel administrators. The work was practically completed and the State organized by the middle of December, 1917, and thereafter matters connected with the resignation of county administrators and the investigation of and appointment of their successors were "undertaken. By seeking advice from the various civic bodies in the various counties and by means of personal acquaintance this depart- ment was enabled to procure men to do this work who were of extraordinarily high character and of great ability I feel that a large part of the reputation that the Illinois State fuel administration has obtained is due to the careful selection of these county chairmen by this department. FEDEBAL FUEL ADMTNISTRATOES. 81 2. The industrial department was organized withMr. T. D. Payne, director; Mr. Charles Litsey, deputy director for Cook County; IMr. Frank I. Sparrow, deputy director for the State; Mr. Charles A. Lind, director of pubhc utilities and institutions, and Capt. Ashworth, United States Army, in charge of fuel supply for war contractors. Several officers were assigned by the Quartermaster's Department, and their services were valuable in assisting and in getting in touch with all the industries and manufacturing plants in their classification as essential or nonessential industries. By personally visiting all the plants in Cook Coimty they were able to secure very valuable and definite information. By these means we were placed in personal touch with such concerns and were enabled to allot to each industry accurately the degree of preference to which it was entitled. Further- more, having a knowledge of the nature of a plant from the questionnaire "Form E," we were able to advise industries as to the grade and preparation of coal to which they were entitled. This phase of the work was joined intimately with the conservation of fuel, and the assistance of the conservation department was rendered upon request in the way of engineering inA-estigation and advice. Upon receipt of advice from the conservation department, industries were notified as to the grade of fuel to which they were entitled; and in many instances on account of close cooperation with the conserA^ation department, the industrial department was able to issue authority for the dehvery of anthracite coal to various industries and to give authoritative advice in the use of certain grades of fuel for malleable iron industries and also advice as to the use of gas. Special attention was given to the packing industry and to schools to see that a good stock of coal was accumulated for their protection. Special reports were used to keep us informed as to the necessities for such storage. Owing to the fact that the fists sent us by the Government of industries in lUinois were incomplete, we procured a professional fist and sent questionnaires accordingly. Lists of the administrative engineer were checked against ours, and ours against his, and by that means a fairly complete record was obtained' of aU the industries in Illinois. A fist of all preferred industries was sent to the director of State distribution at Washington, and the Washington fist thus kept checked. Upon receipt of "Form G" cards, the information contained thereon was tabulated and the letters were sent to each industry having a less supply of coal than 30 days, urging it to provide for a minimum 30 days' storage. Twice a month checks were made and correspondence carried on in order to build up "the stocks on hand." On November 1-5 our check disclosed 2,197 industries in the State of lUinois with a 75 days' supply of coal on hand. On December 15 our check disclosed that approximately the same number of industries had 72 days' supply of coal. On Xovember 15 the list was completed, showing a total of approxi- mately 3,500 industries on our records, and "Form G" cards were being received from 2,200 industries. The difference of 1,300 represents names added by this department and given to the Washginton office from August 15 to Xovember 15 to which "Form G" cards have never been supplied. Puilic utilities and institutions. — Institutional requirement blanks were mailed to aU public utilities and institutions and the weekly reports therefrom were tabulated by Mr. Lind. On November 15 a check of 874 pubfic utifities and institutions in the State showed an average of 56 days' supply of coal on hand. Requests for assistance. — Owing to the plentiful supply of coal in Illinois during this year, 1918, very few requests for assistance were received except for special fuel, and the assistance given was largely in the nature of shipments of special grades of coal for trial purposes; at no time were any standing requisitions for shipments of coal made for any longer period of time. Permit coal. — AU applications for permit coal were taken over by this department from the district repre- sentative's office early in October after the ceasing of the direct handling of such permits from Washington. The work consisted mainly in renewals of permits, and there have not been more than a dozen cases of new permits. When a request was made by an industry for permit coal, careful investigation was made either through an official of the Quartermaster's Department in the case of war contracts or through the conservation department, in some effective manner. Where it was found possible to use Illinois coal, all permits were refused, and in cases where outside coal had to be furnished applications were made upon certain forms and the permit was granted. General. — With the cooperation of the RaUroad Administration, this department handled coal car detention matters and all matters of the reservation from consumption of storage stocks when the fuel situation began to be easier. It handled also the matters of restriction of coal supply on building industries, florists and brewers, and also appfications for permission to receive restricted allotments of coal. 3. The department of dealer distribution was in charge of Mr. C. O. Fowler, director, and Mr. John A. Ford, deputy director. This department under Mr. WiUiams's organization was known as the department of State requirements, and upon its reorganization under Mr. Durham, August 15, was joined with the cor- responding department of Cook County and 'denominated the department of dealer distribution. 122602—20 6 82 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. On April 1, 1918, the system of montkly reports by retail coal dealers, of -whom there were 2,500 in the State of Illinois outside of Cook County, was inaugurated. By these reports, which were mailed monthly to each dealer, in triplicate, one copy to be retained, one to be sent to the county fuel administrator, and one to the Chicago office, a monthly report of all the receipts of fuel was obtained, as well as the source of supply and the prospective requirements for the community. These reports were filed and tabulated and the needs and supply of each town in the State were thus learned. By this means we were able to check the movement of coal in the confines of the State so as to place the earliest deliveries farthest from the source of supply, figuring that in case of a severe winter the transportation haul would be so short as to guarantee communi- ties against shortage. Carload-lot deliveries. — ^After considerable thought we determined upon the poHcy m Illinois of restric'ting carload-lot deliveries to dealers only, except upon a written order from the State fuel administrator. All applications for such deliveries were received, investigated, and passed upon and, if allowed, a permit was issued to the party desiring the delivery, and a record was kept of all such permits. This matter was bound around with such safeguards that relatively few permits were issued, but no one who was entitled to such deliveries was refused. The plan worked very satisfactorily. In March, 1918, quite an amount of anthracite coal moved into Illinois, subject to no restrictions, and many consumers received 100 per cent of their full annual requirements. During and after April and until July, when Illinois was embargoed from anthracite coal, except in the northeastern 13 counties, deliveries were made under order of Washington of April 8, and deliveries restricted to 4 tons per person, until everybody had received his first delivery, when deliveries could be made not to exceed two-thirds of the annual require- ments. Later in July it was changed to one-third. During this period considerable coal moved into the embargoed territory of Illinois, which was afterwards deducted from the allotment of the 13 nonembargoed counties. After July, when the embargo went -into effect, no coal moved into the embargoed counties, and all deliveries thereafter were made in the 13 nonembargoed counties. Naturally this situation gave rise to some inequalities of distribution, and a great deal of trouble and complaint were experienced before the people thoroughly understood the situation, and we still have echoes of dissatisfaction from this condition. System of distribution. — (The following remarks apply only to the 13 nonembargoed counties.) When coal was received in Illinois on account of the orders of the anthracite committee, the State administrator assumed jurisdiction over the entire problem of distribution and supply. A daily record was kept of shipments and a monthly record of receipts by counties, towns, and dealers. Consumers were limited to their former supply as of 1916. Dealers were also so limited. The county was entitled, under our orders, to 66f per cent of its 1916 receipts, and when the record of receipts by the dealers was received the dealers were charged with such receipts against the credit of their allotment. From these reports we were enabled to check the shipment of anthracite coal through the territory in an equitable manner. In several instances, notably Chicago, Waukegan, and Kockford, owing to the fact that shipments were allowed to come in from April to July, on the theory that the said districts were to get 100 per cent of their 1916 requirements, and owing to the large number of 4-ton consumers, and in some mstances to the neglect of coal dealers to foUow instructions accurately, shortages were found to exist in the anthracite allotments. In the case of Rockford and Waukegan, owing to the establishment there of Camp Grant and the Great Lakes Naval Training Station, and the corresponding increase in population and in the use of anthracite coal, great distress was anticipated in those towns, and in the case of Waukegan and Chicago the State administrator was compelled to take charge and arbitrarily make the distribution. Before the restrictions were removed from the delivery of anthracite coal, we anticipated great difliculty and dissatisfaction on that account, but the problem has solved itself, owing to the fact that any commimity can receive anthracite coal at present. 4. The department of anthracite distribution was in charge of Mr. F. N. Pease, director and Mr. E. M Darnall, deputy. The Chicago situation presented a difficult problem to be handled. It was found necessary to divide Chicago into various districts and to take over the entire problem of the distribution of anthracite to the domestic consumer. Dealers were allowed to take orders only from consumers and homes that thev supplied durmg 1916-17. Those unable to place their orders we found it necessary to care for through the fuel administration, and a department consisting of approximately 50 people was organized. Each applica- tion was examined, the applicant interviewed, if possible, and an order given him for his allowance of anthra- cite. This order was assigned to the nearest coal dealer and a record was kept thereof. It then became the business of the fuel administrator to see that his dealers received enough coal to fill these orders This is a short, simple explanation of what, as a matter of fact, was a tremendous and difiacult piece of work. Applications were received at the rate of 500 to 1,500 a day, mostly m person. A department was organized, with two lecture rooms and a force of 30 clerks. As the applicants arrived they were seated in the first lecture room, where, by means of questions, they were separated mto groups, on the basis of their necessi- PEDEEAL FUEL ADMINISTBATOKS. 83 ties and requirements, as to the size and use of coal. These groups were directed from the lecture room to the various corresponding groups of clerks M'ho made out the applications and permits. While the applicants in the first lecture room were being instructed and finally dismissed, the second lecture room was filling up, and when the first lot was disposed of, the lecturer started on the second group. By this means the wait for any person was not more than 20 minutes and we were enabled to handle the crowds with great facility. At the end of the day copies of all the orders were tabulated and the various dealers notified of the orders out against them. Shipments of coal were ordered to the various dealers to take care of these orders. Anthracite distnhution. — This department had charge of the distribution of anthracite coal throughout the State. It was primarily interested in the State and county supply. It handled all such problems until September, 1918, keepmg careful records of such receipts and deliveries until this department was taken over by the department of dealer distribution, as above outlined, and the two consolidated and run practically as one department. 5. The department of prices was m charge of Mr. J. W. Adams, director. The activities of this depart- ment during the entire life of the Illinois fuel administration covered the following lines: 1. Supervision of the determination of retail margins and prices by local committees throughout the State of Illinois, and approval of margms when satisfactorily determined by local committees. 2. Direction and oversight of the activities of local committees in the setting of prices for wagon miaes. 3. The setting of a minimum allowance of 20 cents per ton to shipping mines to cover the expense of serving wagon trade at the mine shaft, and the supervision and approval of allowance in excess of this amount where larger allowances were recommended by local committee chairmen. 4. Checking up of all price complaints referred to the office of the Illinois fuel administration by consum- ers and investigation of price complaints against operators. 5. Policiag of Government price rulings for producers and jobbers of coal and coke. 6. The determination of gas-house coke prices for all gas-coke producing companies in the State of Illinois. Throughout its existence the Illinois fuel administration has regarded every complaint or question regard- ing prices as worthy of the promptest possible consideration and answer. An attempt has been made to make the price department a clearing house for authoritative information regarding prices, and a point of inception for impartial authoritative action in the setthng of controversies. In addition to its functions of suppljring information and taking action in controversies, it has served as the point of coordination of price regulative action throughout the State. Retail prices. — Prior to the appointment of Mr. J. E. Williams as United States fuel administrator for IlHnois, Mr. J. W. Adams, acting in his capacity of agent of the Federal Trade Commission assigned to the Fuel Admioistration had, through conferences with the Chicago Coal Merchants' Association, developed the fact that the retail margin order of October 1, 1917, would not, because of a price war indulged in by Chicago dealers in 1915, causing margins of the basic year 1915 to be very small, yield to Chicago coal dealers adequate margins to cover increased expenses of labor, feed, etc., in the latter part of 1917. The first work of the newly-created Cook County committee in November, 1917, therefore, became the determination of flat retail margins to supersede those determined upon before. Later in November, 1917, Mr. J. E. Williams instructed chairmen throughout the State to investigate the prices and margins in effect in their respective districts, to report them to the United States fuel administration for Illinois, and to recommend flat margins wherever it Was found that margins were unduly high or unduly low, or where for any reason differences in prices of dealers serving the same market showed such variation as to cause disadvantage to certain dealers or unfairness to the consuming public. Beginning April 1, 1918, the flat margin plan was instituted throughout the State. The work of the State office on retail margins consisted of the coordination of margins recommended for contiguous districts and equalization of margins before approval was given. In some cases it was necessary to conduct investigations as to costs direct from the State office and set margins on the basis of information developed from such investigations. In this manner all retail margins in the State came under the super- vision of the price department, and no changes were made without the knowledge and approval of the State office. In a number of cases it became necessary for a representative of the State office to visit communities either at the request of the local committee or of the dealers, or of both, for the purpose of setthng margin questions. In this work it was found highly desirable to work through county dealers' associations wherever such associ- ations existed. Through the cooperation established between the Illinois and the Wisconsin coal merchants' associations it became possible for a representative of the price department to attend county meetings of dealers for the purpose of addressing the dealers to explain conditions, answer questions, settle margin controversies 84 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. and in general to create a cooperative attitude between the Illinois coal trade and the Illinois State fuel administration. Wagon mine prices. — All wagon mine prices, with one or two exceptions, were set by the local committees of the districts in which the mines are located. In each case the local committee's action had the approval, and in some cases the assistance, of the State office, in determining prices, before the proposed prices were put into effect. The general policy pursued in setting wagon mine prices was to regard the shipping price of the district as the minimum and to allow higher prices only where costs of operators of the wagon mines were such that they could not operate and sell their product at the shipping mine prices. The maximum was determined by the alternative figure at which coal could be shipped in to supply the market. Due consideration of the desira- bility of coaling the market from local mines without the use of railroad cars and of safeguarding the public interest in the price of their fuel and the building up of permanent local trade for wagon mines, in spite of poorer preparation given by small mines to their product, in practically every case resulted in the setting of local wagon mine prices at figures somewhat less than the prices that ■yfould have been paid for coal shipped in and handled by local retail dealers. Allowances to shipping mines on coal delivered to wagon trade. — Early in 1918 it was found that committees in certain districts were not inclined to make any allowance over and above the shipping price to shipping mines serving local wagon trade. In order to guard against operators jeopardizing the fuel supply of mining communities by refusal to sell to local trade because the shortsighted action of the committee made it more profitable to sell their total production in railroad cars, thereby avoiding the added expense of selUng in small quantities and assuming credit risks on local sales, it was thought best to set a minimum allowance for wagon trade. After study of the situation, 20 cents was decided upon as the minimum and it was left within the power of the local committees, by and with the approval of the State fuel adnimistration office, to make an allowance greater than the minimum. The plan worked very well, safeguarding the public against profiteering by the mines and against shortage due to any shortsighted action of local committees in failing to cover extra expense to the operator, incurred in serving the local trade. Investigations of price complaints against operators. — The multiplicity of prices, allowances for special preparation, washing, modified mine run, etc., gave rise to a multitude of requests for verification of prices charged by mine operators and coke producers. All such complaints were given prompt attention by the price department. The large number of requests answered included many from points outside of the State of Illinois. Policing of prices. — This function of the price department was vitally connected with the checking of price complaints of consumers. Wherever investigation showed violation to exist, the facts were laid before the director of enforcement, Mr. L. E. Hart, and steps were taken to bring about refunds and conformity of prac- tice to the fuel administration's rulings. Gas house coTce prices. — When the basis for gas house coke prices was announced by the United States Fuel Administration in Washington on September 3, 1918, it was found that there was great confusion in the minds of producers as to the proper interpretation of the order. Many gas coke producers were found to be charging prices in excess of the Government maximum prices. The price department, therefore, proceeded to determine the maximum Government price for each gas coke producing plant in the State of Illinois. In addition to determining the maximum Government prices for each plant, the price department devised a system of reports for pohcing and checking the prices charged. The signing of the armistice occurred just after this plan was ready for publication, rendering unnecessary further regulative action of the fuel administration for Illinois and the plan was not put into effect. Conclusion. — The activities of the price department have covered a rather wide field. In all its activities an attempt has been made to follow out a few general policies aimed at securing rational cooperation in the few observances of the letter and the spirit of the fuel administration's rules and regulations rather than through arbitrary compulsory action. 6. The department of enforcement was in charge of Mr. L. E. Hart, director for the entire State, and Mr. George R. Wolf, deputy. In this department there were, in addition, 12 inspectors whose time was contributed gratis. Their duties were to inspect personally all reports of coal irregularities and to report violators of the so-called "Lightless night" order to the director of enforcement. LigMless nigTit order. — In case violators of this order were found, they were summoned to appear before Mr. Hart, director of enforcement, on Wednesday and Thursday of each week, which days were set aside as "court" days for these hearings. First offenders, if found upon investigation to be not willful violators, were warned and dismissed. Second and willful violators, in lieu of prosecution, were permitted to contribute to FEDEEAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOKS. 85 the American Red Cross. While this order was in effect the enforcement department handled approximately 2,000 cases, the violators, totaling about 70, being directed to contribute to the Red Cross a sum amounting to about 12,350. Coal irregularities. — Most of these cases were where dealere had overcharged. These dealers were sum- moned before Mr. Hart and were required to refund the overcharges to the customer, or in some cases were permitted to make a voluntary contribution to the American Red Cross or to some other war relief society. Where cases of hoarding coal were reported, both the consumer and the dealer were summoned before Mr. Hart. If it was found that too much coal had been delivered and it was a case of falsifying the ques- tionnaire, the coal was ordered removed and the consumer was asked to make a contribution to the Red Cross. In other cases, if the coal dealer was found to have knowingly delivered too much coal, he was ordered to remove it at his own expense, and in one or two cases he was asked to make a contribution to the Red Cross. There were very few of these cases, however. Many of the reports of hoarding, when investigated, proved to be nothing but instances of supplies of soft coal. 7. The department of statistics was in charge of Mr. James Andersen, director, Mrs. Ruth S. Betts, deputy for the State, and Miss Gertrude M. Moore, deputy for Cook County. The department of statistics for Cook County had in its custody the following records and files: 1. Card list of registered track dealers. 2. Card record (one card for each yard of each dealer) containing tonnage and tabulation of figures taken from dealers' monthly reports. 3. Card record (one card for each yard of each dealer), containing division of deliveries for basic periods as between the coal delivered direct and coal delivered to other dealers; also tabulation of monthly deliveries reported by dealers classified under these two headings. 4. Copies of weekly dealers' reports, the originals of which went to Washington. 5. All correspondence, together with various statements submitted by retail dealers pertaining to cost data compiled for price fixing purposes. 6. File containing correspondence and various papers pertaining to simplified records designed for the use of retail coal dealers. Record of receipts and deliveries. — There was recognized by the Cook County committee a need for statis- tical data to guide the estabhshment as well as enforcement of rules and regulations governing the coal situation pecuhar to Cook County, that primarily resulted in the formation of this statistical bureau. For the purpose of maintaining a continmng record, the dealers were first required to report tonnages received by them during basic periods, the year April 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917, being .used for anthracite coal and domestic coke, and the year April 1, 1917, to March 31, 1918, for bituminous and smokeless coal. After the receipt of these reports a card record was then started (one card for each yard of each dealer), upon which were entered the name of the dealer, the location of yard, the railroad connection and the basic tonnages classified under the four headings above named. Directly under the basic tonnages were entered each month figures taken from monthly reports that the dealers were required to furnish showing tons of coal on hand at the beginning of the month, tons received, tons delivered, and tons remaining on hand at the close of the month. These reports also served for a tabula- tion by sections, of which there were 13 within Chicago and suburban places, and districts outside of Chicago. Cards similar to those used by the dealers were carried for each section and district as well as for Chicago and the combined districts outside of Chicago. From these cards bearing the summarized figures for each section and district, the conditions existing in the various parts of Cook County were made apparent. It was further contemplated, in case it was found necessary, to tabulate the figures from these dealers' reports by railroads upon which these dealers were located. Another card record was carried displaying the split in deliveries of registered dealers between coal dehvered direct and coal delivered to other dealers. Cost data. — During the year this department assisted in an investigation conducted for the purpose of determining results of operation by retail coal dealers in Cook County operating their own yards for the year ended March 31, 1918. Balance sheets, profit and loss statements, and cost data sumbitted by eighteen dealers were examined. The figures compiled w,ere used by the committee establishing prices and margins for the present year. Dealers accounting records. — ^After the cost investigation had been made, and after some difficulty had been experienced in procuring monthly reports within the prescribed time, it became evident that the majority of retail coal dealers lacked adequate accounting records. Under the auspices of the Cook County committee, and in conjunction with the cost system of the Chicago Coal Merchants Association, assisted by Mr. George E. Hutchison, certified public accountant, a series of lectures was conducted with a view of assisting the dealers 86 EEPOET OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. in the adoption of a uniform system of accounts that would better enable them to comply with the fuel regu- lations. These lectures were well attended; and judging from the interest displayed, they proved practical and beneficial. A few forms including sales record, purchase record, and cash record blanks were designed to meet the needs of the average small dealer. In addition to the work described above, this department assisted in the employment of stenographers and clerical help in the preparation of payroU reports, in the purchasing of equipment and supplies, and in approval of expenditure vouchers. Statistical division, State department. — The statistical department for the State was organized May 10, 1918. Mss Margaret E. Haass, who up to this date had been a volunteer worker, undertook to organize the department, under Mr. Joseph Halle Schaflner, director of State requirements, with a view to ascertaining the fuel situation among the retail dealers in the State, outside of Cook County. Lists of dealers were secured from the chairmen of the 103 districts in the State and compiled alphabetically by districts. Four kinds of blank forms were mailed in triplicate to each dealer on our list. One form covered tonnage of coke for the basic fuel year April 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917; another covered anthracite tonnage and coke tonnages for the month of April, and the fourth covered bituminous tonnages for April. All forms except the bitiuninous were printed on bond paper. The bituminous forms were printed on heavycardboard to insure the highest degree of convenience in filing. The list of dealers numbered about 2,400 names, and so much work and time were necessary in preparing forms and return envelopes for mailing each month and for filing returned reports promptly, that Miss Haass called upon the volunteer placement bureau of the women's committee. Council of National Defense, for assist- ance in securing sufficient help. Volunteers who offered their time and assistance were pledged to certain times in each week and as a rule were very faithful. I wish to make special mention of Mrs. M. Bernard, who gave on an average 25 hours each week from May until the middle of November. In August the bituminous blanks were changed from cardboard to bond paper at a third saving, and the next month anthracite reports were required from only thirteen northern counties where anthracite shipments were permitted. Meanwhile the list of dealers had been transferred to a card index which was checked up each month as reports were received. Because of the novelty of making reports we experienced a good deal of difficulty with a large number of the smaller dealers in getting reports in promptly and correctly. The department of dealer distribution later took up this matter and wrote personaUy to delinquent dealers. In July, when the weekly reports issued in Washington began coming in here each week in large numbers, they required the almost constant attention of one clerk. Miss Efizabeth Buckingham was engaged for this work. In October, Miss Buckingham resigned, and the vacancy was filled by Miss Rosalie Kingwill. In September dealers were required to register as retail dealers with their local chairman, and certificates were issued. Stubs from these were returned to this office, together with one copy of the duplicate applica- tion required. These certificate stubs were filed differently from the general system with all other records in this department. They were filed numerically in each district in order to follow the plan in giving registra- tion numbers to have the numbers read as f oUows : "District No. — , Registration No. — ," e. g., for a Rockford dealer the number would read "3-1" or "3-2". The general system was arranged first numericaUy according to district numbers; second, alpha- betically, according to the names of the towns in the district; third, alphabetically, according to the names of the dealers in the town. Reports were made consecutively from April to December and filed each month behind the preceding month for the same man, so that any information desired could be gained with the most convenience. The State statistical department has worked in especial cooperation with the dealers' distribution depart- ment aU through the fife of the administration until the end of its activities, December 1, 1918. 8. The domestic consumer department was under the charge of Mr. Otto H. Hedrich, director. On January 15, 1918, the serious coal situation in the city of Chicago began to attract general attention. The demand for coal at this time became so heavy, and the receipts of domestic coal so light, that the fuel admin- istration commandeered all coal that was in transit, and railroads were permitted to make deliveries of coal only upon orders of the fuel administration. , The city was divided into 12 districts, a chairman was appointed for each district and the dealers made daily reports to these chairmen, and coal was distributed daUy where it was most needed. Not only was all the coal in transit commandeered, but some of the larger corporations turned over some of their storage coal reloaded it into cars, and distributed it on orders of the fuel administration. Approximately 500 cars per day were handled in this manner. FEDEEAL, FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 87 During this time it was found necessary to limit deliveries to consumers to 500 pounds each, in order to reheve as many cases of distress as possible. As receipts increased, deliveries were gradually enlarged. Mr. Wyatt at that time rendered good service to the fuel administration. On January 23 confiscation of coal by the fuel administration was stopped, as various operators had agreed to ship 10 per cent of their production to the United States Fuel Administration for the use of domestic consumers. This coal was distributed by the fuel administrator in the same manner as the coal that had been commandeered. About February 1 shipments were made directly to the dealers instead of to the fuel administrator. The fuel administration, however, had at its disposal from 10 to 20 carloads per day for use in urgent cases. During the month of February the demand gradually decreased and by March 15 the situation was practically normal. In order to avoid the vexing difficulties of the winter of 1917 and 191 S, which were caused principally by the fact that the fuel administration was not organized until the coal famine was upon us, plans were immediately set on foot to guard against a shortage of coal by a publicity campaign urging the consumer to lay in a supply in the summer time. This not only assured us a stock of coal on hand, but it would also relieve the railroads of congestion, which always occurs in the fall and winter months. In addition, the requirements of the Govern- ment had to be taken into consideration this year. Approximately 100,000 requests were sent out to consumers in Cook County asking them' to signify their willingness to lay in their supply early, and also to give boilers and furnaces necessary overhauling. This request met \\-ith such general response that during the middle of May many dealers refused to book any further orders. To meet this situation, the fuel administration deemed it advisable to accept orders directly from the public, and as a result of this, requests by mail became so numerous that with our limited force it was soon found impossible to make individual replies. Several printed forms and about twelve typewritten form letters were adopted, which reduced the number of individual replies to about 10 per cent of the entire correspondence. The principal complaints were: 1. Apparent inability of former Pocahontas users to burn Illinois and Indiana coal. 2. Inabihty of consumers to secure their allotment of hard coal. 3. Delay in filling orders. When the influenza epidemic raged, there were about 1,000 cases of sickness, with no fuel in the homes. We were besieged by the board of health, by physicians, by the Red Cross Society, and by charitable institutions for immediate assistance. Orders for hard coal were being taken at the rate of about 1,500 a day, and a force of from 10 to 20 dealers, familiar with the various parts of the city, assisted in distributing and placing these orders with the nearest dealer. The work at this time kept all department heads and clerks at work until 10 and 11 o'clock every night. However, as in the previous winter, very little acute suffering was reported, as in nearly every instance the administration was able to supply sufficient coal for temporary needs. Figures show that during this time 23,000 orders were entered and 25,000 tons delivered through the efforts of the fuel administration. It was only natural that the pubUc at this time should become very much alarmed and should urge the dealers to perform impossible things. Many complaints were entered against dealers, which were generallj'- referred to the dealers for their side of the case. In most cases the report showed that the orders were fiUed within from three to five days after the complaints were received. With but few exceptions the dealers cooperated with this department when their attention was called to any urgent case; and I wish to express my appreciation of their cooperation during this critical period. 9. Department of administrative engineer, Mr. Joseph Harrington, director. During the month of July, 1918, Mr. Joseph Harrington was appointed administrative engineer for Illinois, and on August 1 the active work of the department was begun. Washington furnished us with questionnaires and boiler-room bulletins which we sent throughout the 'State. A list of industries was gathered from various sources — from insurance companies, the smoke department, the directory of stationary engineers, etc. Altogether we sent out 13,000 sets of questionnaires, together with one copy of the boiler-room bulletin and a letter of instructions as to how these questionnaires were to be filled out and what was to be done with them. A system was installed for the filing of these questionnaires and aU correspondence relating thereto. One file under district numbers corresponded to the general files of the entire fuel administration. When the completed questionnaires began to come in and it was necessary to sepure volunteer help in the marking and rating of these various plants, these services were donated by engineers from the various loop buildings, who gave hours of their time each week to this work. After the questionnaires were rated, a letter was sent to the firms advising them just how their records stood with the Government, and fuUy 75 per cent of these people immediately replied, asking what they could do to improve both their rating and their plant. This was where the actual good work of this department 88 KEPOET OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. began. The firms were advised in detail just what they lacked and how they were neglecting to make the best use of the equipment they did have. It was an everyday occurrence in this office to interview not only the chief engineers, but a great many of the presidents and vice presidents of these huge organizations who up to this time had considered the engine room nothing but a "necessary evil" that had to be put up with; but they were forced to a realization that in the engine room their profits could be decreased or increased according to the equipment and management of this part of their business. About this time Washington forwarded a supply of charts, to be used as our permanent records on the various power plants. The work of filling out these charts was done by high-school students who were specializing in engineering and who were willing to give their time to gain this practical knowledge regarding the power plants throughout the State. As the completed questionnaires were received they were divided into two parts, consisting of the low-pressure heating plants and the high-pressure power plants. The data regarding each plant were then transferred to the mailing list, which was in the form of a card index. In the rush to get these questionnaires out among the plants many duplications were made, and it required several weeks' work to weed these out and make the list perfect. Out of the 8,030 names, 2,395 are power plants, 3,598 are low pressure (which includes heating plants), and from 2,037 we have been able to get no response. About September 15 were formed power plant committees, consisting of a chairman and from three to eight assistants, according to the size of the community in each city of 10,000 or more population. This necessitated quite a little travehng throughout the State by Mr. Harrington and his assistant, Mr. Himelblau, during which trips these two men made personal investigation of various plants which had been reported to this department. As soon as these committees were formed each one was furnished with a weekly letter along educational lines, and this letter was reproduced and distributed to each coal-burning industry in the district. Only six of these letters were gotten out before the activities of this department were halted, but from the response which we received from these six letters it is very evident that the public not only needed but wanted the instructions that this department was here to give. This fact is proven conclusively by referring to the charts covering the power plants and by noting the various improvements which were made and the wonderful results obtained. Along with the work done by these committees was another fine work done by various men throughout the State in the way of inspecting plants; and when one stops to consider that these hundreds of men, whose time meant money to them, were graciously donating every spare moment to their share of winning the war, no one can ever hesitate to say that Illinois stands in the front ranks of patriots; and if one could have spent just a few hours each day in this office he would know that the work of this department was not only benefiting the Government at the time it was being done, but that it was laying a foundation for future conservation that will go on indefinitely. It seems a pity to be obliged to speak of one very disappointing fact, which has been brought out by the records of this department, and that is that the average rating of the power plants in this State is only about 50 per cent; but we feel sure that if this educational work can be taken up again and carried on, a decided improvement will be made, as in the few months that we were actively engaged in attempting to educate the people along these lines, the response was wonderful. This large volume of work was handled by only eight paid employees of the Government (together with the volunteer help) and not one cent was spent in compiling this valuable mailing list; so that I feel fully satis- fied that this department "practiced what it preached" — "Conservation." 10. The oil division was under the charge of Mr. Nelson G. Phelps, director. Mr. Phelps was appointed district engineer of the bureau of oil conservation by Mr. W. Champlin Eobinson, director of the bureau of oil conservation, Washington, D. C, having for his district the States of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, and southern Wisconsin. The work was commenced in Illinois on August 7, 1918. The work consisted of conservation of fuel oil in industrial plants, and of gasoline in dyeing and cleaning estab- lishments, filling stations, and machine shops. Approximately 318 questionnaires were mailed out, and of plants reporting therefrom 31 have received personal inspection. The combined fuel-oil consumption of the plants inspected is approximately 13,541,803 gallons per year, and of this amount it is conservatively estimated that 608,300 gallons per annum can be saved by the elirnination of needless waste. To each plant where waste was observed, suitable recommendations were made for eliminating such waste; and each case has been followed up to see that such saving of fuel oil would be effected. On August 23 a central Illinois oil conservation committee was appointed. This committee has been very active in its efforts toward oil conservation in the 27 counties comprising central Illinois; and by its efforts mainly in gasoline conservation, a saving of approximately 2,300 gallons of gasoline per day has been effected. At this time the committee has in hand a plan for inspecting aU filling stations and public garages throughout its district and the curtailment of gasoline consumption in the dyeing and cleaning industry. .This was to be I FEDEEAL, FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 89 brought about by having the small cleaners who do not use reclaiming apparatus turn over all their cleaning work to the larger establishments at an agreed price for the cleaning, thereby eliminating entirely the wasteful use of gasoline in the small plants without any loss in profit to the small plant owners. This committee has also supervised motor vehicle delivery service throughout its district, and in this under- taking it has shown splendid results. At this time this department is undertaking a vigorous inspection of all industrial plants, endeavoring to visit all plants in Chicago and the Chicago" switching district, extending to Gary. 11. The conservation department was in charge of Mr. Harold Almert, director. This department, which was one of our largest and most important departments, was organized for the handling of various phases of fuel conservation. We list its activities under various headings as follows, and we give an estimate of the tons of fuel conserved: Interconnection of power plants. — This work consisted of mteresting municipal electric plants to connect with central stations, and of inducing isolated office building plants, as well as industrial plants, to shut down and take power from central stations, and of encouraging interconnection of hydroelectric plants with steam electric plants, all for the conservation of fuel. STcip-stop. — Eighty per cent of the cities of the State having a population of over 20,000 inhabitants adopted the skip-stop system for the saving of fuel. Some work was done in many smaller towns ia the State as well; and work has just been inaugurated for the decrease of coal consumption by automatic control of heat on cars, and by the elimination of unnecessary street railway service. These efforts were discontinued on the signing of the armistice before anything reaUy effective was done. Industrial gas. — Practically aU of the brass foundries in Chicago using hard coal or coke were induced to substitute artificial gas, thereby saving from 25 to 75 per cent of this fuel for domestic use. Many restaurants and bakeries were also induced to use gas, although the change of those industries from solid fuel to gas was not nearly so complete as in the case of brass foundries. Other industrial processes using anthracite and- coke, such as tempering furnaces, etc., were also induced to use gas. Many bakeries and restaurants were persuaded to abandon solid fuel for gas, and many bakeries using all anthracite or coke were induced to use part bituminous and part anthracite. Restaurants and laundries were prohibited from using anthracite. Domestic heating. — ^Although domestic heating consumes only a small portion of our total fuel output, this division of the work required most of the time of the conservation department. Methods of burning soft coal in domestic heating equipment have been devised, and correction of installation faults in the operation of domestic heating plants has been carried on, first, by interviewing consumers in the office and correcting their troubles by this means only; second, by answering questions and correcting faults by means of corre- spondence; and third, by correction of troubles through personal inspection of equipment. Domestic education. — Nearly 100 lectures have been given, not only in the city but throughout the State, to audiences varying from 25 as a minimum up to 4,000 as a maximum, each lecturer using lantern slides for illustrating how fuel can be burned economically in the home; and a more comprehensive system of lectures was prepared with speakers' pamphlets and colored post cards for use in post-card projector, by which it was intended to reach the great majority of the people of the State through 80 units of the women's organization controlling 2,000 clubs. AU of these were to be reached by January 1; but this campaign has been called off. Wood fuel. — This department devoted itself to ascertaining where dead timber was obtainable; and, through women's organizations, Boy Scouts, and others, this fuel was brought to town and sawed up and dis- tributed by charitable organizations, in order to take the place of an equivalent amount of coal. lAghting restrictions. — Some 500 American Protective League volunteer inspectors, together with 35 regular volunteer inspectors of the fuel administration, devoted their efforts to enforcing orders on restriction of use of electric lights; and a court was organized in Chicago for hearing violators that were summoned. Several thousand were fined, and the proceeds were donated to the American Red Cross. Refrigeration plants. — A committee was organized of practical refrigeration men who reviewed the ques- tionnaires sent out by Washington, and decided which plants were to be shut down. This work was completed, and orders were issued shutting down a number of plants throughout the State just before the armistice was signed. Ceramics. — Questionnaires were sent out by this department which were reviewed by ceramic experts in Chicago, and preparation was made for a systematic inspection of the ceramic plants throughout the State; but only a few had been visited when the work was called off. Hotels and office buildings. — Heads of these departments were selected and work was just begun when our activities were called off, so that nothing material in this line was accomplished, except what was carried on affecting this class of coal users under the heading of intercoimection of power plants. 90 EEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. Spontaneous combustion. — This department has visited promptly every coal-pile fire in Chicago and ma,de a study of conditions causing the fire, and arranged to furnish Prof. Stock, of the University of Illinois, with all the information collected, for the issuance of another bulletin on this subject next spring. Chief clerk. — This division has had charge of all office files and correspondence, and a foUow-up system of all correspondence. Estimated tons of fuel conserved. 1. Stationary steam plants ^00, 000 2. Domestic 260,000 3. Saving from substitutii^n of wood for coal 20, 000 4. Consolidation or interconnection of central station 280, 000 5. Closing down of isolated plants 6. Substitution of water power for steam 70, 000 7. Street railways skip-stop - ■ 140,000 8. Combination of artificial ice and refrigerating plants 30, 000 Total tons 1.500,000 This estimate does not include the activities of the department conducted under the head of "Misappli- cation of fuel." In cooperation with Dr. Honnold, district representative on production, the conservation department succeeded in inducing the railroads to abandon their supply of coal from southern Illinois, thereby releasing 3,500,000 tons of our best coal for domestic use. We also induced hundreds of high-pressure plants that were using prepared sizes of coal to go on to screenings. 12. The department of accounts was in charge of Mr. James T. Gufiin, accounting officer. The position of accounting officer of the United States fuel administration for Illinois, from October, 1917, to Feburary 1, 1918, was filled by Mr. Brent Dow Allinson. Upon Mr. Allinson's resignation he was succeeded by Mr. Ame Mark, who served until May 9, 1918, when he resigned to enter the Ordnance Department. Mr. Mark was succeeded by Mr. James T. Guffin (who had served as a volunteer in the position of chief clerk, from Nov. 3, 1917, to May 10, 1918) ; all of these officials were appointed and served under the personal supervision of Mr. John E. Williams, fuel administrator, who retired August 15, 1918. Upon the appointment of Mr. Raymond E. Durham as fuel administrator, who assumed the office August 16, 1918, Mr. Gufiin was continued in the same position under the personal supervision of Messrs. Spencer Ewing and Roe Mackie, deputy administrators. Among the duties of the accounting officer in the Ignited States fuel administration for Illinois are the following : 1. Issuing of Government requests for transportation. 2. Issuing of pay rolls. 3. Issuing of monthly statements of classified expenses to Washington. 4. Securing of supplies and equipment as desired by the heads of departments for the proper con- duct of the various activities of the administration and the vouchering of accounts against the fuel administration in conformity with the Government regulations. 13. The mailing division and information was in charge of Miss Margaret E. Haass, chief clerk. The mailing department has charge of distributing the mail for the fuel administration. After each postman's delivery (of which there are six each day), the letters and packages are separated according to the departments or per- sons individually addressed. The general mail is then opened, read, and referred to the proper person or department. This department also has charge of mailing out the instructions to district chairmen and helps in sending out the orders, report blanks, and circulars of the various departments. In its capacitjr as supply department the division gi?es out the supplies upon receiving requisitions from the department managers. It mails out stationery and other supplies upon request of the district chairmen. It keeps a record of the stock on hand and from time to time furnishes the purchasing department a list of the supplies needed. It also takes charge of having mimeographing done for the departments on call. As information department the division answers telephone calls, directs people to the proper departments and answers questions of a general character, such as 'pertaining to lightless nights, restrictions on coal for domestic consumers, etc. During the gasless Sunday period it issued permits to physicians and others entitled to the use of a car. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DEALER DEPARTMENT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION FOR COOK COUNTY The United States Fuel Administration was formed by act of Congress under the Lever Act during the summer of the coal year 1917-18. Railroads at that time were greatly burdened with the movement in all directions of war material and this situation, together with the shortage of motive power and the fact that numerous miners in all districts had FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOKS. 91 left the mines, some entering mimition plants where higher wages were paid, others, foreigners, returning to their respective countries to fight, caused a great scarcity of cars and fuel when the demand called for the same number and amount as during the early months of the season, viz, April, May, June, and July. The consuming public was inclined to believe that prices were too high, and thought that by waiting until the early fall months they would find fuel more plentiful and naturally prices lower. Beginning with the month of September, 1917, dealers were burdened with orders for the winter supply from the consumers. They were unable to secure sufficient fuel to take care of these orders. October 1 found this territory with the weather at a temperature demanding heat, A\'hich continued with the thermometer going lower as time passed; the demand for coal became greater than the supply, and the frantic bidding of the public naturally caused prices to advance. In the month of December, 1917, we had a heavy snowstorm. The city of Chicago was practically without coal. It became necessary, in order to take care of the wants of the consuming public, to commandeer all coal coming into Chicago consigned direct from the mines to the retail track dealers and redistribute this to such dealers as were without the necessary tonnage to take care of their customers. This continued from the lattfer part of December through the month of January, at which time the thermometer ranged from zero to 20° below, with the snow from 1 foot to 3 feet in depth on the level. After the cold spell had passed, arrangements were started by Mr. Durham for the reorganization of the fuel administration for Cook County for the coming year, as the administration had been conducted in previous months imder his supervision with verj"^ great success considering the difficulties he was confronted with, since he did not have the time to lay out for each department its special work. It was then decided by the National Administration at Washington, to become effective April 1, to reduce as much as possible the long haul of coal. The various coal-mining districts of the United States were divided into zones. Coal mined in each zone was permitted to be shipped only to a particular zone. This system eliminated all such various grades of coal ks are mined east of the State of Indiana from this market, with the exception of anthracite coal. Anthracite coal was permitted to be shipped into Cook County to the extent of two-thirds of the tonnage sold diu-ing the first normal season of the past, which was from April 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917. Beginning April 1, 1918, the Cook County committee immediately notified all dealers by General Order No. 44 that they were to receive and could sell only two-thirds of the hard coal they had received and sold during the season ending March 31, 1917. An advertising campaign to notify the consuming public was then started through the newspapers advising accordingly, and advising all consumers also to place their orders immediately. Coal dealers were allowed at that time to deliver to consumers their full two-thirds, but before deliveries were made it became necessary that each and every consumer fill out and sign a questionnaire. Inasmuch as considerable coke had been sold in tfiis market for domestic fuel, it was decided, owing to the great scarcity of coke also, that coke deliveries should be restricted the same as anthracite coal. Prices. — ^The price of anthracite coal on the 1st day of April was reduced 30 cents per ton, effective to September 1, 1918, but as there had been an increase of 15 cents per ton in the freight rate from mines to this territory, it made a reduction to the ultimate consumer of only 15 cents per ton. It was later discovered that under existing rules new houses erected after March 31, 1917, would be unable to secure anthracite coal. Order No. 47 became effective, which permitted such householders to secure anthra- cite coal on the basis of two-thirds of the amount consumed during the season ending March 31, 1917. At a later date it was discovered that it was possible to conserve considerable tonnage of anthracite, as numerous homes were equipped with boUers which could consume soft coal to the extent of one-third mixed with two- thirds either of pea-size coke or anthracite pea or buckwheat. Coal dealers of Cook County, more especially of the city of Chicago, were divided into two classes. The first was known as the retail track dealers — those who secured their supply in carload lots by rail; the second consisted of wagon dealers, who secured their supply from track dealers. There is also in the city of Chicago, or in the immediate vicinity, another class known as dock dealers, who secure their supply by vessel via the Great Lakes, and who were placed in the same class as the track dealers. In order to ascertain the tonnage of hard coal actually consumed and sold during the season ending March 31, 1917, it became necessary for each and every retail track dealer, dock dealers included, to furnish a detailed statement on a form supplied. Inasmuch as coke was classified the same as anthracite, it became necessary to secure information of the same nature. Owing to the fact that the average retail wagon dealer does not have books and is unable to report his tonnage of hard coal, the retail track dealer was asked to report his tonnage of hard coal, coke, bituminous, and smokeless on an itemized form showing the tonnage deliveries direct by his own delivery and the tonnage delivered by retail wagon dealers. 92 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. As smokeless coai had been zoned out of this territory, it became necessary to ascertain from the dealers the tonnage which they had received during the previous year, viz, the season ending March 31, 1917, in order that provision could be made to replace the coal mined in this particular zone. Therefore, every track dealer was asked to fill out a form, which, after it had been received and the figures had been compiled, showed approxi- mately 2,500,000 tons of smokeless coal that would have to be replaced by such coals as were mined in this particular zone, Illinois and Indiana. The same information was secured on bituminous coal, as a great tonnage of such bituminous coals as are mined in Ohio, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania also had to be replaced by coals mined in Illinois and Indiana. The demand for bituminous coal such as is mined in this particular zone became very great in April. Numerous dealers who had in the past handled but very little of this particular grade were unable to place orders with operators, sales agents, or jobbers. Therefore, this administration had an application blank pre- pared which had to be fiUed out and signed by any such dealer who asked assistance. Application blanks were divided into districts, viz : southern Illinois or Form A, and central IlUnois or Form B, which were covered by our Order No. 52 advising track dealers to fill up storage capacity to the limit. Upon receipt of such applications for assistance they were immediately forwarded to the district repre- sentative who, in turn, placed them with various mines in whichever district the coal was desired. All dealers were instructed to sell southern Illinois coal to such consumers as had previously used smokeless coal. They were instructed also to sell Indiana and other Illinois coals to such consumers as had in the past used other grades of eastern coal. In order to assist the public and the coal dealer, under date of May 27 this administration forwarded to agents and owners of buildings a questionnaire together with a. letter urging these agents and owners to place their orders at the earliest possible moment. There were inclosed a circular on conservation of fuel and important fire-prevention suggestions. These letters were mailed to 100,000 agents and owners of Cook County. Every dealer in Cook County was restricted to such gross margin of profit per net ton as set forth in order No. 60, effective July 1. Accounting. — In order that every dealer might be able to make reports to this office with the least expense and effort on his part, all dealers were notified to attend various lectures given for this purpose. On July 18, owing to the slow shipments of anthracite to this territory, order No. 64 became effective, which superseded previous orders No. 44 and No. 47. In order to make anthracite available to the stove user and small householder, this order prohibited the use of hard coal and coke in manufacturing and industrial concerns, laun- dries, restaurants, churches, schools, and public and private institiitions. Also on July 18, on account of the great demand for prepared sizes of bituminous coal, and to make available such sizes for the domestic consumer, order No. 66 became effective, which restricted the use of prepared sizes in hand-fired, high-pressure steam plants. From April 1 to August 1 , together with other work, this department looked after various matters relative to violations of Cook County rulings as well as of' those issued by Washington; for instance, Publication No. 19 of the National Administration ruling prohibiting the shipment of coal or coke in carload lots to a consumer or a group of consumers, although this practice had existed in years past. A great number of cars were confiscated on account of such illegal shipment, and in every instance such cars were turned over to the nearest dealer to the track on which the consumer was located, such dealer receiving a gross margin of profit as set forth by this administration order No. 60. Numerous cases of consumers having in excess of their two-thirds' supply of anthracite coal were reported and in several instances, after due investigation, the excess tonnage was removed at the expense of such con- sumer as had the excess. One case was that of a paper bag factory reported by a lieutenant from the Ordnance Department assigned to this administration for service. The lieutenant upon making investigation as to priority discovered fifty tons of anthracite coal. The day the investigation was completed the enforcement department took charge and all evidence was turned over to that department. After due trial this concern was ordered to pay to the Red Cross the sum of $500, and the coal was removed from the factory at the expense of the owners. Registration. — Under orders from Washiagton it became necessary that all rail yards, docks, and wagon dealers be registered. Two classifications were made, one in which were included all rail yards and docks, which were termed the same as track dealers; a certificate was issued to every such concern. The others were known as wagon dealers, to whom was issued a card for every wagon so operated by such dealers. All cer- tificates and cards were numbered. In order that every track and dock dealer might be registered, it became necessary that he should fill out aad sign, over a notarial seal, a questionnaire. The wagon dea'ers were com- pelled to fill out, and sign a form and have it signed by two rail yards. Under date of September 12 it was discovered that there was an excess supply on hand of pea-size coke and buckwheat-size anthracite. Therefore, in order to utihze the storage space these grades occupied, order FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTBATOKS. 93 No. 85, a modification of order No. 49, became effective authorizing the use of particular boilers and of par- ticular heaters to bum 100 per cent of either of the above grades. Distribution of anthracite. — Under date of September 20 it became necessary to issue order No. 90, in order to protect the small or stove consumer. This order prohibited the dealer from accepting orders from any con- sumer to whom he did not furnish hard coal during the season ending March 31, 1917, except in the case of such consumer as resided in the same house or apartment as did a former customer during the above mentioned period. However, if a consumer was unable to ascertain from whom the former tenant purchased during this period, he was to place his order with the order department of this administration. It became necessary also that every consumer sign a questionnaire. The order department turned all orders received by them over to the dealer distribution department and there they were distributed to various dealers. At the close of the order department, records showed orders for 46,000 tons in the city of Chicago taken principally from stove usere. In order to conserve as much anthracite as possible, it became necessary that each dealer be instructed not to deliver hard coal to a single furnace consumer until such time as furnace consumers had sufficient soft coal to operate their furnaces until Christmas. Furnace consumers consisted of those operating hot-air, hot- water, steam, and s-apor plants. In order that every furnace as well as stove consumer might have at least a portion of his tonnage of hard coal prior to the extreme cold weather, it became necessary to issue an order to aU coal dealers restricting the delivery of hard coal to furnace users in excess of '4 tons, and to stove users in excess of 2 tons on the first delivery. After any dealer had made delivery on every order to the furnace user, he was permitted to begin the second delivery and to keep on doing so until the order was complete. With stove consumers no dealer was perr&itted to make a second delivery until such consumer had consumed all but 500 pounds of the first delivery, and then the second delivers* should consist of only 1 ton. After this, instructions had to be followed until an order was com.plete. On November 11 it was discovered bhat there was on hand at the various docks a considerable tonnage of range and chestnut hard coal and, inasmuch as the docks had already sold their quota, it was decided and covered by order No. 120 of that date that track dealers who owed coal to wagon dealers were to send such wagon dealers to docks as stated in order No. 120 (supplying such wagon dealers with Form DD-7), such track dealers to have charged against their allotment the tonnage as hauled by wagon dealers. On December 9, on account of there being an ample supply of bituminous coal, especially the prepared sizes, order No. 66 of July 18 was canceled. This permitted the delivery of prepared sizes of Illinois and Indiana bituminous coals to hand-fired, high-pressure steam plants. This was covered by order No. 126. On January 15, 1918, all restrictions on deliveries of hard coal were withdrawn with the exception of price regulations. Raymond E. Durham, Federal Fuel Administrator for Illinois. Chicago, III., March 1, 1919. ILLINOIS. Name. Williams, JobnE.i Durham, Raymond E . STATE ADVISOET BOAED. Carter, Judge Orrin N. Berrymau, John B Pond, AUenB Stoek, Prof. H. H Woll, Matthew Folds, Charles W Holdeh, Hale O'Leary, John W Fairbank, Kellogg Walker, J.H Williams, William E.. . STATE OFFICE PEESONHEL. Howard, Earl Dean.. Allen, Ciaxton E Ewing, Spencer Sohaffner, Joseph H.. AUinsoUjErent D Almert, JHarold Anderson, James Fowler, CO Title. State fuel administrator. do Deputy fuel administrator do do Director State requirements Accounting officer Director of conservation Statistician Director of dealers' distribution. Official station. 120 West Adams Street, Chicago. Kimball Hall Building, Chicago. Chicago . do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. Home address. Streator. . . Winnetka. Evanston Downers Grove 64 East Van Buren Street, Chicago Urbana , 6111 South Bishop Street, Chicago. 1228 North State Street, Chicago. . 1316 Astor street, Chicago 4013 Dre.\el Boulevard, Chicago . . . 1244 North State Street, Chicago. . . Springfield Pittsfleld Chicago Evanston. do do do Bloomington do 3S South Franklin Street, Chicago. do I Fort Leavenworth, Kans do i Parkway Hotel, Chicago do I 3907 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago. — do ' 4726 Magnolia Avenue, Chicago.. ' Deceased. Volun- teer X)r salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s V V Served. From- Oct. 13,1917 Aug. 1.5,1918 Deo. 1,1917 ....do Nov. 1,1917 Dec. 1,1917 Nov. 1,1917 Aug. 15,l9lS do ....do Nov. 1,1917 Dec. 1,1917 ....do Nov. 1,1917 Nov. 20,1917 Nov. 1,1917 Dec. 22,1917 Nov. 1,1917 May 15,1918 Apr. 1,1918 July 1, 1918 To— Aug. 15,1918 Apr. 2,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 17,1918 Do. July 1,1918 Aug. 1,1918 Mar. 31,1919 July 17,1918 Feb. 1,1918 Jan. 31,1919 Mar. 1,1919 Mar. 31,1919 94 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. ILLINOIS— Continued. Name. STATE OPriCE PERSONNEL— continued. Guffln, James T Harrington, Joseph . Himelblau, Harry . . Monnettj Osborne., Haft,L. E Henunens.W. P. Pond, Irving K. (succes- sor). Holcomb, E.D Kennedy, David Lind, Charles A Mayer, Levy Payne, T. D Pease, F. N Phelps, Nelson G Pond, AUenB Stoek, Pro!. H. H Langtry, W. D Ziv, Harry M Allen, Thomas E . . Anderson, Maude. Bane, R Barker Sylvia... Bates, Celia Beale, Josephine. Benson, Etnel . . . Betts, Ruths.... Bishop, Blanche . Booten, Lois M.. Brown, Bessie.. Brown, Myrtle. Brown, R. E Buckingham, Elizabeth. Bullock, Stanley Carney, W.R Chapec, Florence Chapman, D. W Clago, O.R Croy , Maud M Comwell, R.N Cullen, Deborah Curtis, Theo.H. Title. Damall,E. M Donovan, Helen M.. Douglas, Russell A.. Durant, William H. Egger, Georgia . . Engles, Le Roy. Ephgrave, J. P . . Escott,E.B Evans, Rickard Falk, Mrs. Thelma G. Florien, Mrs. M. T Fox,EdnaP Fuessle, Flora Geagan, M. J Gentry, Pearl M Gibson, W.H.D. Graef, William Green, Vera Haas, Hortense Haass, Margaret E . Halle, A. J Housen , Alice A . . . Harwood, F. H Hasterok, J. F Hassensteia, E . L. . Henderson, Mrs. P. Hill, Alice M Hilger, Albert Holland, "Winifred H., Howe, La^vrence A . . . Jackson, "Wemyss. Jacobson, Harold . Jacobson, Mina. J'ahn, Adolph . . . Jarvis, Isabel . . . Jones, R. B Accounting offloer Administrative engineer Assistant administrative engi- neer. Advisor in conservation Director of enforcement Assistant director State organi- zation. ....do Advisor, transfer and car supply. Head domestic coal conservation. Public utilities Legal counsel Director industrial distribution. . Director anthracite distribution. Engineer oil division Director of State organization. . . Chief of conservation Advisor in conservation Director domestic emergency relief. Stenographer (anthracite de- partment). Record clerk , Stenographer File clerk (engineer department) . Private secretary Punch operator Deputy statistician Bookkeeper Stenographer Record clerk . . Stenographer. Inspector (conservation ceramic division). Clerk do Record clerk Clerk Gasoline engineer (conservation). Inspector of domestic heat . . . Stenographer Clerk Stenographer Power engineer . Manager anthracite department Stenographer (engineer depart- ment). Deputy director State require- ments. Clerk Stenographer Messenger Dealers' distribution depart- ment. Accountant Record clerk Stenographer (price department) . do Secretary Stenographer Clerk File clerk Director industrial distribution. Messenger Stenographer Secretary Superintendent mailing division. Record clerk Typist Chief car diversions Chief clerk (conservation) , Clerk Ofiacial station. *i Chicago. ....do.. do.. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. do... do... do... do... do... do... Danville . Chicago . . .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ..do. ..do. ..doi ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. Stenographer. Secretary Stenographer do Statistician, State industrial department. Managerconsumers' depaitment. OfBce boy .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Stenographer do . Special agent do . Clerk \ do. Record clerk ■ do . 1 Temporary. Home address. 7207 Yale Avenue, Chicago Riverside 1331 South Avers Avenue, Chicago Kenilworth 2305 Commonwealth Avenue, Chi- cago. Hotel La Salle, Chicago 64 East Van Buren Stre6t,Chicago, Illinois Central R. R. , Chicago 32.5 East Fifty-fifth Street, Chicago. 72 "West Adams Street, Chicago . . Blackstone Hotel 5310 Cornell Avenue, Chicago Hinsdale Harris Trust Building, Chicago . . 64 East Van Buren Street, Chicago. "tlrbana Old Colony Building, Chicago 6239 Prairie Avenue, Chicago Chicago 3621 "Wilton Avenue, Chicago.. Chicago Maywood 6022 Kenwood Avenue, Chicago.. 4757 Lake Park Avenue, Chicago. Chicago Freeport Danville Chilcago, coal traffic bureau, Fisher Building. 11620 South State Street, Chicago. 1907 North Kimball Avenue, Chi- cago. Utica 6058 Dorchester Avenue, Chicago.. Chicago ....do ....do 5602 Kenwood Avenue, Chicago . . Southern Hotel, Chicago 4247 St. James Place, Chicago 4736 Beacon Street, Chicago 357 North Harding Avenue, Chi- cago. 5451 Hyde Park Boulevard, Chi- cago. 1330 Argyle Avenue, Chicago 3808 Grand Boulevard, Chicago.. Lake Villa 321 "Wisconsin Avenue, Oak Park, Chicago. 1434 Cuyler Avenue, Chicago Chicago 5644 Maryland Avenue, Chicago. . . 5311 Blackstone Avenue, Chicago.. Chicago 2820 Dawson Avenue, Chicago Chicago 1228 Forest Avenue, "Wiimette 3507 Bosworth Avenue, Chicago. . . Chicago 2142 North Halsiead Street, Chi- cago. 836 Sheridan Road, Chicago Chicago 4647 South Michigan Avenue, Chi- cago. 4847 Magnolia Avenue, Chicago 4801 Kenwood Avenue, Chicago... Chicago 4206 Monticello Avenue, Chicago. . 5719 Kenmore Avenue. Chicago. . . 7040 Eggleston Avenue, Chicago. . . 215 "West Seventy-second Street, Chicago. Chicago 6658 South "Wabash Avenue, Chi-' cago. Tinley Park, Chicago 3833 Polk Street, Chicago.. . 3718 Ellis Avenue, Chicago Hinsdale 1812 South St. Louis Avenue, Chi- cago. 567 Cook Street, Barrington Evanston Chicago do '.'..'..'.'.'.'. Volun- teer or salary. V S s V V V V V V V V V V V V V S s s V V s V s s s V s s s s s s V s V s s s s s V s V V s s Served. Prom— To— Nov. 1,1917 Apr. 15,1919 July 12,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Aug. 3,1918 Nov. 30,1918 Nov. Nov. Aug. Nov. Dec. 1,1917 May 15,1918 Nov. 1,1917 Apr. 18,1918 Nov. 15,1917 Aug. 1,1918 15,1917 1,1917 17,1918 1,1917 Aug. 17,1918 Nov. 1,1917 Dec. 1,1917 ....do Jan. 1,1918 (•) Oct. 1,1918 15,1917 10,1918 30. 1917 11,1918 6,1918 1,1918 24,1918 27,1917 12. 1918 Dec Oct. Nov. Feb. July Aug. Jan. Dec. Aug. Oct. 8,1918 Sept. 23,1918 Feb. 18,1918 July 1,1918 Aug. 1,191S Oct. 28,1918 June 1,1918 Jan. 15,1918 July 12,1918 Oct. 1,1918 Aug. 17,1918 Sept. 6,1918 Sept. 4,1918 Jan. 11,1918 Aug. 19,1918 Oct. 1, 1918 Feb. 12,1919 (=) Sept. 16,1918 July 1,1918 Sept. 9,1918 m Aug. 19,1918 Deo. 1,1918 Sept. 4,1918 Nov. 1,1917 May 16,1918 m Aug. 27,1918 Jan. 1,1918 July 23,1918 Jan. 1,1918 Dec. 10,1917 Oct. 20,1917 July 24,1918 June 24,1918 Sept. 18,1918 Aug. 5, 1918 Nov. 25,1918 Aug. 2,1918 Jan. 1,1918 Apr. 1,1918 m .A.ug. 15,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Apr. 18,1918 May 21,1918 July 15,1918 Jan. 3, 1919 Mar. 1,1919 Aug. 17,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Aug. 17,1918 Aug. 15,1918 Mar. 10,1918 Jan. 31,1919 June 17,1918 Jan. .18,1919 28,1919 18. 1918 1, 1919 15. 1919 Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. June 22,1918 July 15,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 1, 1919 Oct. 19,1918 Mar. 19,1918 Sept. 30,1918 Feb. 1,1919 Do. Aug. 20,1918 Sept. 1,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Nov. 30, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Nov. 15,1918 Jan. 15,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Jan. 1,1919 Mar. 31,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 1,1919 Oct. 1,1918 Aug. 17,1918 Mar. 15,1919 Dec. 15,1918 Feb. 1,1918 Jan. 31,1919 Feb. 1,1918 Apr. 23,1918 Mar. 8,1919 Jan. 31,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Oct. 18,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 31,1919 Sept. 21,1918 Mar. 1,1918 Jime 24,1918 2 1 week. ' 2 weeks. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. ILLINOIS— Continued. 95 Name. STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL— continued Johnson, Clarence. Kain, P. A Kapp^ne, J Kavanagh, Helen. .. Keman, Margaret. . . King, James D. W.. Kingwill, Rosalie. . . Kleutgen, W. J Kremer, James W . . . Lane, George Laney, Lina Gould. Larson, Mollie LaveUe, J. F Title. Clerk •. Assistant deputy retail depart- ment. Transportation engineer Stenographer Typist Clerk. Official station. Chicago. do... .do., .do., .do. .do. Leber^ Mrs. Olive MacGiil, Francis Mclnemey, Margaret A . . . Manney, R. H Mark, Ame Meaney, Mrs. Geraldine. . . Miller, Marguerite Moore, Gertrude M. Mordue, Allison K. , Nelson, Francis Nolan, Florence M. Norman, Howard.. Payne, Kathryn. . . Pearson, Nicella A . Pecchia, Louise do File clerk do. Inspector, domestic heat do. -Assistant tochief clerk do. Record clerk i do . Stenographer j do. do do. Inspector (construction depart- j do ment.) Typist and clerk do. Clerk do.. Stenographer do . , Record clerk do. , Accounting officer do. Stenographer do. .do- Statistician Investigator... Office boy Clerk Messenger Clerk Stenographer. Perkins, H. A. PhlUips, Ethel.. Power, Lucille.. Poyntz, Lillian. Pratt, Laura .V . Pykett, Alice Raflerty, Wm. F.. Rasmussen, HE.. Ranch, A. C Rhodes, Grace B . . Rieman, Dorothy. Ruhey, F. C Sammons, F. E , . . Schuffman, Rose.. Seals, Charles D... Shaw, Maj. Wm. C. Smith, Mabel , Smith, Ruth.. Sparrow, F. I. Stafford, R Stahmer, Geo. F . Strong, Julia Taylor, Geo Tilske, Lillian E . . . . Tunnicllff, Sarah B . Ulaskas, Magdallne. Witter, Chas Worlern, Bleanore... Wolf, Geo. R Wallace, Hugh Tourtelat, E. M Taubs, Charles T... Babson, F. K Lorenz, Herman. . . Dahlenberg, Peter., Keller, OW Biefeldt, Walter.... Andres, J. C Graham, Charles.. . COOK COUNTY COAl OPEH- AT0E3' ADVI30ET COM- MITTEE. Moderwell, C. M. , Clinch, R. Floyd. Keinflein, J. L... HiU,W.C COOK COHNTT COMMITTEE. Durhain. Raymond E . Wyatt, W. C Mackie, Roe Hedrich, Otto H Clerk Switchboard operator Clerk (anthracite department) . Stenographer Typist. Stenographer Retail distributor . Inspector do. . Director carload diversions do.. Stenographer do . , Assistant statistician do.. Stenographer do.. Clerk do.. Stenographer do. , Chief, domestic conservation do., and plant inspection. Clerk do Stenographer do. .do., -do., .do., .do.. .do., .do., -do., .do.. .do., .do., .do., -do., .do. .do. .do., .do. Clerk Manager, State industrial de- partment. Clerk Director, (dealers' distribution). Stenographer (conservation de- partment). Deputy, consumers' department. Stenographer Director women's section (con- servation department). Typist Clerk Stenographer Price department District chairman for Cook County, do .do. .do- .do. .do. .do. .do., .do., .do. Chairman Secretary Deputy fuel administrator. Advisor to consumers .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do. -do. .do. do.... do.... do.... do.... Palatine. Palos Park Park Ridge Riverside Shermerville South Holland . . . Summit Thornton Tinley Park Western Springs. Chicago . ....do... ....do... ....do... Chicago. do... do... do... Home address. Chicago 3888 Archer Avenue, Linwood, Cincinnatij Ohio. 4440 North Lmcohi Street, Chicago. 6926 South Peoria Street, Chicago. 1015 East Si.xty-second Street, Cliicago. 6115 ICimbark Avenue, Chicago 5210 Cornell Avenue, Chicago 6635 Parnell Avenue, Chicago 149 North Mason Avenue, Chicago, Chicago 6009 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago.. 4053 Sheridan Road 205 South Boulevard, Oak Park, Chicago. 747 Corneha Avenue, Chicago 4718 Ellis Avenue, Chicago 5601 South Union Avenue, Chicago. Chicago Kenilworth 4604 North Ashland Avenue, Chicago. 6369 North Hermitage Avenue, Chicago. 4840 Kenmore Avenue, Chicago. . . 5221 Drexel Boulevard, Chicago. . . 4219 MonticeUo Avenue, Chicago. . . 7 Crescent Place, Wilmette Chicago 3231 Polk Street, Chicago 4223 North MonticeUo Avenue, Chicago. 2910 Allen Avenue, Chicago Chicago 1434 Cuyler Avenue, Chicago 833 Sheridan Road. Chicago 1411 Hyde Park Boulevard, Chicago. 3120 West Thirty-eighth Street, Chicago. 4403 West End Avenue, Chicago. . 4730 North Spaulding Avenue, Chicago. 325 Forest Avenue, River Forest. . 1215 Oakdale Avenue, Chicago Chicago 2428 NorthTalman Street, Chicago. Chicago do 3519 West Twelfth Street, Chicago. 4335 Broadway, Chicago 6446 Minerva Avenue, Chicago . . . 647 East Sixty-second Street, Chicago. do 4548 North Ashland Avenue, Chicago. Chicago Maywood Cairo 5652 Union Avenue, Chicago 7415 Crandon Avenue, Chicago 6018 Stony Island Avenue, Chicago. 9339 Paxton Avenue, Chicago Chicago 4317 North Lincoln Street, Chicago 5217 Warner Avenue, Chicago Palatine National Bank, Chicago.. Park Ridge Riverside Shermerville South Holland Summit Thornton Tinley Park Western Springs 5944 Winthrop Avenue, Chicago. Winnetka 1321 Ardmore Avenue, Chicago... 6416 Kenwood Avenue, Chicago . . Winnetka Care of Critchfield & Co., Chicago.. 7122 Stewart Avenue, Chicago.. 2134 Lunt Avenue, Chicago Volun- teer or salary. S S s s s s s V s V s s s V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s s V Served. From— July Oct. 1,1918 2,1918 Aug. 12,1918 Oct. 7,1918 June 27,1918 Oct. 15,1918 Oct. 25,1918 Oct. 23,1918 Feb. 8,1918 C) Juno 3, 1918 Sept. 24, 1918 Nov. 21,1918 Sept. 6,1918 Aug. 1,1918 m (') Dec. 15,1917 Oct. 1,1918 Aug. 6, 1918 May 27,1918 July 19,1917 Oct. 17,1918 Sept. 4,1918 0) July 26,1918 Aug. 12,1918 July 24,1918 (') Aug. 1, 1918 Sept. 19, 1918 Oct. 2, 1918 Sept. 19, 1918 Oct. 28»1918 Sept. 23, 1918 Nov. Jan. Feb. Oct. Dec. Oct. 20, 1918 10, 1918 1,1918 1, 1918 (0 (') 15, 1917 11,1918 May 20,1918 Oct. 1, 1918 July 26,1918 Sept. 3,1918 G) Jan. 1, 1918 Sept. 9,1918 Oct. 1, 1918 Aug. 19,1918 Dec. 22,1917 June 26,1918 P) Sept. 10, 1918 Aug. 1,1918 Sept. 1, 1918 .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do Nov. 1,1917 ....do ....do ....do Oct. 22,1917 do Apr. 8, 1918 Nov. 1,1917 To- Sept. 28,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Dec. 9, 1918 Feb. 16,1919 Jan. 7, 1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Dec. 31,1918 Oct. 30,1918 May 8,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Jan. 31,1919 Feb. 1,1919 Sept. 28, 1918 Dec. 15,1918 May 9, 1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Mar. 31,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Nov. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Aug. 30,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Dec. 83,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Dec. 15,1918 Do. Feb. 1, 1919 Apr. 1,1918 Mar. 23,1918 Jan. 15,1919 Feb. 31,1919 1, 1919 Jan. 15,1919 Nov. 30,1918 Jan. 7, 1919 Dec. 16,1918 Feb. 28,1918 Nov. 26,1918 Deo. 31, 1918 Jan. 20,1919 Feb. 15,1919 July 24,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Feb. 16,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 17,1918 Do. Do. Do. Aug. 17,1918 Mar. 4, 1918 Apr. 15,1919 Mar. 1,1919 1 2 weeks. 2 6 weeks. » 1 month. 96 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. ILLINOIS— Continued. Name. COOK COUNTY COMMIT- TEE — continued. Ford, John A Litaey, Charles W . Gregors', S. S McGregor, J. P Webster, Towner K. Williams, J. E Kendall, N.H Carter, C. L Patterson, William. Kwasigroch, F. A... Kampp, Joseph P... Shufeet, Wilson Lipsky , Harry A , Jelinek, Vaclav... Strauss, Rudolph Aurelius, Marcus A . , . . Cunningham, Clayton. Cunnmgham, Clay Dunwiddie, N. E. Grunan, Wm Schnadt, II. W Tucker, Geo. T Cassidy, E.N Munn, Geo. H Lovejoy, E. E Ko.5ten, Emil Lobstein, Thos. L KerehafI, A. B Murray, Allen F Ranger, C. W Howe", Jabez Brydon, John A Diilman, Geo. J Bartling, H. F Johnson, Frank E Essery, R. R Fink, Henry Landerk, Geo Funk, Wm Montgomery. James., Cox, Harry A Title. Deputy director dealers' distri- bution. Manager industrial distribution Member fuel committee ....do ....do Outdoor pubUcity agent Commissioner coal merchants' association. Inspector District chairman ....do do do .do., .do.. .do., .do. .do. Di.^trict chairman for Cook County. do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do OfBcial station. Home address. Chicago. ....do... .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., -do. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do. do Arlington Heights. Barrington Bartlett Berwyn Brookfleld Chicago Heights. Cicero Dal ton Forest Park Franklin Park . . . Glencoe Harvey Homewood La Grange Lemont Matteson May wood Melrose Park Morton Grove Niles Center Oak Forest Oaklawn Orland 19 South Garfield Street, Hinsdale. 428 Seventh Avenue, La Grange, 111. 2609 Hampden Street, Chicago Glencoe, 111 Evanston, 111 1312 West HarrisonStreet, Chicago. Elmhurst, 111 125 Ohio Street, Chicago 5228 North Clark Street, Chicago. . Wicker Park Station, Chicago 318 North Central Avenue, Chicago. 35 East Twenty -second Street, Chicago. 1214 South Ilalsted Street, Chicago. 2610 South Willard Avenue, Chicago. 6319 South Aijhland Avenue, Chicago. Eleventh Street and Cottage Grove Avenue, Chicago. 10900 Prospect Avenue, Chicago. . . Arlington Heights, Chicago Barrington Bartlett Berwvn Broolcfleld Chicago Heights Cicero Dalton Forest Park Franklin Park Glencoe Harvey Homewood La Grange Lemont Matteson May wood Melrose Park Mor1,on Grove Niles Center Oak Forest Oaklawn Orland Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V \' V V V V V V V Served. From- May Aug. 7, 1918 5,1918 Nov. 1,1917 ....do ....do July 1,1918 Nov. 9,1917 Oct. 15,1918 Sept. 1,1918 do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do To- Apr. 8,1919 Feb. 15,1919 • Aug. 16,1918 Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Feb. 1,1919 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FUEL COMMITTEES. Served. Volun- Volun- Name. Official station. teer or salary. ' ■ Name. Official station. teer or salary. From— To— From— To— COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Adams: Wells L. L., chairman. . Quincy V Nov. 8, 1917 Feb. 13,1918 Clark: Buntmg, J .A ..chairman . do V Feb. 13,1918 Nov. 2, 1918 Clements, 0. R., chair- Marshall V Dec. 1,1917 Dec. 1,1918 Hoffman, W. H,, chair- do V Nov. 2, 191S Mar. 1,1919 man. man. 1 Swern, Jay, chairman.. do.. V Dec 1 1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Alexander: Clay: Parsons, George, chair- man. Cairo . V Nov. 1,1917 Aug. 27,1918 Karr, W. A,, chairman.. Clinton: Flora V Nov. ."i, 1917 Do. Greaney, AV. P., chair- do V Aug. 27,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Norcross, H. C, chair- Carlvle V Dec. 1 1917 Do man. man. Bond: Cook: Lindly, Cicero .1 . , chair- man. Greenville V Nov. 7, 1917 Do. Durham, R. E., chair- man. Chicago V Oct. 22, 1917 Aug. 15,1918 Boone; Mackie, Roe, chairman do.. . V Aug. 15 1918 Mar. 31,1919 Greenlee, D. P., chair- Belvidere V Nov. 16,1917 Do. (succe.lsor). man. Crawford: FSrown: Lindsay ,E.E., chairman. Robinson V Nov 12,1917 Brockman, Geo. L., Mount Bterlmg. V do Do. ' Cumberland: chairman. Aldrich, Luther, chair- Greenup V Nov 5,1917 Do. Calhoun: 1 man. Williams, Elmer E., Hardin V Dec. 1,1917 Do. ' Dekalb: chairman. JosljTi, J. C, chairman. . Sycamore V Nov 13, 1917 Sept. 27, 1918 Mar. 1,191 Carroll: Poust, A\ . S., chairman. DeKalb V Sept. 27, 1918 Rinewalt, J. M., chair- Mount Carroll. . \' do Do. Dewitt: man. Gray, W. F., chairman... Clinton y Nov 22, 1917 Do Cass: D0Ugl».'!i Coleman, John B., chair- Beardstown A' Nov. 14,1917 Do. Merica, J. M., chairman. Tuscola V Dec. 1, 1917 Do man. Dupage: Champaign: Mulliken, A. D., chair- Kampp, John, chairman . Wheaton V Nov 10,1917 Do. Champaign V Dec. 1, 1917 Do. district 12. man. Bowes, J. R., chairman. Hinsdale V Oct. 5, 1918 Do Christian: district 13. Hoover, Ernest, chair- Taylorville \' Nov. 21,1917 Do. 1 Edgar: man. 1 Feare, F. A., chairman. . Paris ■\' Oct. 31,1917 Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMIN ISTKATOKS. ILLINOIS— CoiiliinuMl. FUEL COMMITTEES -Oonl.iiiuod. 97 COUNTY FUICL t'OMMlTTKlCN - ouiUIiuumI. I'Mwilrils: Mdss, Dr. 11. ('., I'liulr- inuii. Si'hriH>>U>r, Iv, olmlrmaii. I''.llliii,'lium: l';U'hi», I'lViiI, rlmlrmiin . . Kviins, t'tms, \ , I'liuir- iiiiin. lliiiniihri\\ , V\ i",.('hulr- nl: 'riioiuiis, C M .rh;ilrmivn. Jnhil>;iUl. IJ, .1 .ilmiiniim. Fl^ltlklhl: .liiiu's. .1 1-; , olmlrman, .. iMillcn Klll•4^livn.l, U, \l,,i'lmir- llillhilllr l.iunlH>rt, \i !■:., I'hiiir- mivii. IliinuMI.W .t'.,i'li:ilrui!Vii. (!mr\(l\ SlivUiT, lU'iiiv, I'hiiir- m;vn IhiinllloM Wlh.m, \ K., chiUr- miiu. Ihvlu'.vk: \Vlllli\lv\-i. \ \ , I'liiur- Ihii'.lln: \V;iIsoli. J. \ . i-hiilr- tn:iit. lli'Milor^on lioriltin, J, U' , I'liiitr- nuvn, Ui-ni\ U \l-i'i-,l'; K. ohnlrmixn, . Mvirphv, \ v., i-liiiir- Hhur iJn.s, rlialrin;iii, . Ja.p.-r: .l.iluiM.ii. l-'. 1' rhiilr- tn:tu. JolTorson. J.illl\'iim. l!, K , i-lialr- m;m. liivkor. J, \V.. rhiurmun Jo Pl\ l,'-.-i Ku-koiininii, F, 11 SpicM.H-li. J., rhiiinnan Kalir IM.'iiv. Mil.. \1,. I'llillr- miu). Ui>\vl«>, .l!im."i li.. pJialr- lil.tn. N't.\. num. J.^'-t.pli. rli:ui ■ man Kankak.'t' I'l.'i;!...!'". 1> I'., t'liali- iiian k.Mi.lall l>..M.-\ ,11, M ..■luilrinaii. Klltu: lliirl.ini!h, I', !•',, flialr mtut, l,ak.': Krskm.-, 1,, r,, I'lialr- niaii 1 a .-iail.. I ..K..V, l-'i.'.l, .'hal.i.ian .■iwlll, r.h>al.U' ,.hali- man, I Wlhi.n. 11 \ , ir .i-hiitr- niiUi. I tiwrtMUT': I ■l\.l\ill. N, M ..l.aliin.in l!i'\li..UI-, 11 tl , rliiiir- man, Un'\\,aiisl..ir.i , I'arllia^;.' KlUalwIhlmvii o.pit.w ka, K.'Man.v ... \\ alM'ka Miirphi sli.ii.i . N.'wl..n Mtiiim \'.Tn..n liaifiia \ i.'nnii, .Vnr.ira SI, I'liarl.'s, KlKln,.. , Kankak.-.. I'laiui llaio^il'iir..;, W !Hik.'i;an Str.'al..r .lit lua 1 aSftlln, Nov, ■.'ti, 1II17 \ii,i: ,'i, mis ii.'I, 31, PUT I '.'.■, 7,11117 Ma\ s, IllLS Nov, 1,'.. 11117 l-Vl., I.PIIS Dpp. .-i, P,I17 Nov. II, P.I17 O.'I, ■.'0,11117 Nov jr.. P117 n.M' I. 11117 .1 V N.n. 11. ion D.v, 1.I!>I7 ll.'I ,i I, I'll 7 IVr 1,1917 N.iv. (1,11117 N.i\, :!, 11117 n.r I. 11117 .1.. ...An Ian. S, PUS .\llS, la. IIUS N.n 11.11117 Oi-i, s;i, 11117 n.r, 1,1»17 .Jo Aii,i;. :>. Mar. I, Do. M av ,s, Mar, 1, I'.'h, 1, Mar, 1, 1)0. Do. Ho. 11.1, D.i, Do. I).., D.i, Do. Do. Do. Do. D.i. Do, D.i, Do. .MiK, l.'i, MlYT, 1. Do. Do. Da Do. Iiil.s 10111 10 IS 10 111 lOIS 1010 101 s 1010 ,t\ ,'UVMlN' l>i\iin- ...ilo ranliac ^,.., .i.-I JS, P.M7 Nov, 17,1017 Da Da \' D.H', 1.1017 Do. ^■ N.n ,^, 1017 Da ^' N.n, ;i,1017 Da v ,,, -do Da \- n.H', 1.1017 Do. 1 illiMln i N,n 17.1017 Da Nam.- f.HINTV KUMl, C.IMMITTKM.S- (lolllllllio.l, MfD.moo^.li: K.'nimii, ll.'.iri^.i, clialr- nian, MfUi'iiiv: SiiiLli^rllii, N. ,\,. I'luilr- lliaii, Mi'l .'an: .1.111. w, 10, !■:,, .'Iiairinari I'w'liil,', Spi.nc.r, ,st.i'i'.i- lnr\' iin.l cluiintiaii, Krankllii, U, ,\,, cliiilr- nian. Ma.',.ir ll.Tlni;, Wilson, cliair- tlKlll, \ta.',.iipin: ,l.ii.liin .!, I-',. .■Iininnaii. W o...l«aid V. '1',, .■liair- innil, Mii.llsoii; r.tlliM', 11, M,, cliiiiiinan i\loKiliric'li,^^,\V,,i'hair- nian, Marlon: \'an.U.i\ort,E.B.,oIialr- man. Marslmll: Karr l..voii, chairmiui.. Masmi: \\ oabor,D.A.,ohiiirmaii. Massiu': I'ark, J. 11., ohiuinum... Mou;ir.l: t'lar.v. J. H., fliairman. . Moro.ir: \Voll.s, J. 11.. chairman.. Monr.ir: riiiki.l. .\, ll,,oliaiiiiuui. S.'tinoti. Dr. ,1, S,,.'liair- mivu. MontgomorA': lUlllcr, 11. S., .Iiairnian Morjian: litiulap,M.F.,ohainnan. Moullrio: AVrii^ht, H.^V,ohai^man. O^Ul: iJilhort.C. 15.. ohairman. I'ooria: *,\iloinan,\\\ II., oliair- mnii. r.irry: Wolovor, Dr. .V. r., chair- man. I'lall: l-oiliio.'W. l'\,t'hairman. I'ik.v Sinilli, ^:eor^oM.,oliair- man, IVipi., MorUiro, N, 1.,, olrair- maii, rilla,ski. Marlin.O. K.,i'hairman, Till nam; ravliir,J.E.,olialrman. . Kamli.lph; Viiaini, V.J., ohainnau . Kli-lihuul: l.'ho,sr.n\ n. L, N' , .•hair- man. Hook Islaiul: OlintMLsIino.H, V,, chair- man, St. Clair: Uaxlvr.s W ..-liainnan, Kn.il'.'U.i'h. \.. ohair- nian. I'.miu.lo. Marlha S,. ,so.'- roIar>, i Salinii, Uariu\s. U, l*,,.'hairman,| Saiii^amon Ooiuvrs.i, H. v., ohair- iiiaii .'^.lunU-i \'.mihl;, .', l\..-hairnian. ] Sl;in , \\ li ..'liainnan , .' Uai^haw , W. 1,., .'lu'-ir- ' man I Shclbv: l!ocarI,Dr, i;. II,, chair- man 1 OlIl.L'l! 'hilloll. Mai'omI \\' I, Deoeasdd. 98 EEPOBT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION". ILLINOIS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To— From— To- COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Stark: Nicholson, F. B., chair- Toulon V V V V V V V V Nov. 14,1917 Dec. 1,1917 do Nov. 10,1917 Dec. 1,1917 Jan. 18,1918 Nov. 7,1917 Nov. 9,1917 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. COUNTT FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Wayne: Lawrence, W. S., chair- man. White: Crebs, S. L., chairman. . . Whiteside: Kauffman, L. S., chair- man. WUl: Downey, J. W., chair- man. Lawrence, J. M., secre- tary., Williamson: Burkhart, Jean, chair- man. Winnebago: IngersoU, Winthrop, chairman. Woodford: Harper, M. L., chairman. Fairfield CHrmi . . V V V V V V V V Nov. 15,1917 Oct. 31,1917 Nov. 9,1917 Nov. 1,1917 do Nov. 14,1917 Dec. 1,1917 Nov. 9,1917 Mar. 1,1919 man. Stephenson: Calkins, W. L., chair- Freeport PBli-in , . Do. man. Tazewell: Eeardon, W. J., chair- Sterling JoUet Do. man. Union: Jonesboro Danville Mount Carmel. . Monmouth Nashville Do. Crawford, J. G., chair- man. Vermilion: Taylor, C. G., chairman.. Wabash: do Marion Do. Do. Hightower, C. H., chair- man. Warren: Hallam, F. M., chairman Washington: Carter, J. P., chairman. . Rookford Eureka Do. Do. INDIANA. On October 18, 1917, Evans Woollen was advised of his appointment to be Federal fuel administrator for Indiana. The fuel emergency in the State, on the advent of the administration, was so pressing that it was imperative that immediate relief be provided for many communities. This work had to be concurrent with the work of organizing the State administration machinery. Within 24 hours of the announcement of Mr. Woollen's appointment, approximately 500 requests for relief fuel were received. That the administration was able to approach an acceptable response to these early calls for assistance is attributable to the prompt and voluntary cooperation of several mine operators, who, for a few days, applied much of their mine output to these emergent requests. Suspension of coal shipments from the eastern fields into Indiana broke off the coal connections of a majority of the jetail coal dealers in northern and eastern Indiana. In normal, prewar years approximately two-thirds of the bituminous domestic coal used in the State came from the West Virginia and eastern Kentucky and the so-called smokeless fields of the East. Interruption of these normal trade relations forced these dealers to turn to the Indiana mines for their supplies. Quite naturally, Indiana operators felt obligated to care for their old and regular customers. To do this and meet the requirements of dealers who were formerly patrons of the eastern operators was all but impossible. Further complications ensued because of the absence of freight rates from the Indiana coal fields to many locahties in the northern and the eastern part of the State. The normal flow of coal into these districts being from the East, frequently rail connections from the Indiana fields were awkward, requiring circuitous routing for cars, on a combination of local freight rates. The delay to coal equipment was as confusing to the situation as was the uncertainty as to rates. The final embarrassment resulted from unprecedentedly severe weather from November, 1917, to March, 1918, with attendant serious demoralization of transportation and the slowing down of mine production. From the beginning the Indiana fuel administration studiously endeavored to avail itself of such machinery as already was at hand. Realizing that even the most efficacious plan of artificial distribution of coal inevitably would lead to further confusion, the administration's policy was to disturb as little as possible the channels of normal trade and standing trade relations. Wide pubhcity was given the fact that the administration would not interest itself in obtaining coal except for domiestic needs and for these only in emergency cases, where retail dealers had failed to meet their require- ments after making reasonable efforts to do so. From the beginning and through the winter of 1917-18, the administration undertook no assistance for industrial concerns, except those of a public service character, and plants designated by the United States Fuel Administration as essential to the military program. Domestic requirements were the chief concern. Established when the fuel crisis was already on the State, and very presently confronted by a serious inter- ruption of transportation, the Indiana administration, from October, 1917, to March, 1918, concentrated on three lines of action, using such machinery as was then in existence. This policy promised more immediate, if less permanent, benefit than reasonably could have been expected from attempting to build an independent organization. These activities were: 1. Meeting demands for coal for households and public utilities on which householde,rs were dependent. 2. Conservation of fuel. 3. Substitution of wood for coal. EMERGENCY DEMANDS FOR COAL. The surplus of free coal in Indiana (coal other than that required for contract shipments or on order for regular patrons of the- Indiana mines) on the advent of the fuel administration was negligible. Confronted by a probable demand approximating 5,000,000 tons of coal, to take the place of eastern coal not available for the State, the administration's first important task was to devise a method of handling these orders, with a minimum of confusion for existing trade relations. Obviously, to resort to indiscriminate requisitioning of coal at the mines was to place, sooner or later, the entire coal industry in the State on an artificial basis. It seemed a sound conclusion that the coal operators themselves, with intimate knowledge of production problems and of the available and prospective supplies, were qualified to say where these emergency orders 99 100 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. might be placed with least confusion. After consultation with the operators' committee and the secretaries of the several operators' organizations, it was agreed that the administration would make requests for emergency coal on Mr. C. G. Hall, then the secretary' of the Indiana Coal Trade Bureau, Terre Haute, Ind. Indiana operators voluntarily reported their tonnage to Mr. Hall, and agreed to place at his disposal for fuel administration needs not only their free coal but such coal as could be withheld from nonessential industries, it being understood that no requests would be made by the fuel administration other than those necessary to meet demands where the emergent character had been established by the administration's investigation of conditions. That there should be no delay on account of credit matters, the fuel administration agreed to require from each retail dealer either a certified check or a bank's guaranty for payment of the invoice on such coal as was ordered through the administration's emergenc}- bureau. The retail coal dealer, unable to obtain coal on his own initiative, made application to his county fuel administrator. The latter investigated. If, in his opinion, the community need justified emergency action, an order for coal, accompanied by tlie proper provisions for payment, was filed with the State fuel administration, These requests immediately were approved and filed with Mr. Hall, who, being in touch with almost every mine in the State, placed orders as circumstances warranted. For 90 days the State situation aroused the keenest anxiety. While there was much inconvenience and discomfort, investigation, at the close of the winter, clearly indicated that, despite the severity of the weather, instances of actual suffering for lack of fuel had been less numerous in the State than in normal winters. As long as railroad transportation remained good, the arrangement outlined above approximated a satis- factory solution. However, early in January, 1918, transportation facilities began to decline in efficiency. On the night of January 12, 1918, the railroads of the State practically were tied up and for three days the movement of freight was seriously interrupted, if not suspended. It was during this season of unprecedented stress that the administration's reluctance to resort to the appropriation of commercial coal for household use 3'ielded to the necessities of the emergency. County fuel administrators were authorized to confiscate coal where, in their judgment, such action was necessary to prevent suffering in homes. The situation in the State at that time and the administration's policy are set forth in our report to the United States Fuel Administration under date of' January 27, 1918, as follows: A Buow storm of extraordinary severity, followed by below-zero weather which has prevailed throughout the State, intenmittently to date, resulted in the suspension of freight transportation from the night of January 12 and for practically three days thereafter. The Indiana mines on .January 10, 11, and 12 had made special effort, on the request of the State fuel administrator, to load all orders for emer- gency coal which they had received from the administration. These orders totaled approximately 1,300 cars. The stoiTn caught these cars in transit or loaded on the mine tracks, leaving no hope that they would be moved to destination for several days. Without exception the communities to which these cars were destined had a negligible reserve on which to depend until transpor- tation opened again and relief coal could be hauled in. To meet this grave situation county fuel administrators were sent the following instructions: "Confirming yesterday's telegram, do not hesitate to appropriate commercial coal whenever, in your^udgment, necessary to prevent suffering in homes. To same end I now direct that no coal or coke be delivered to any saloon or place of entertainment if, and as long as, there is, in your judgment, any suffering in homes caused by fuel shortage; and further, 'to the same end, I direct that every effort be made, in accordance with recommendations heretofore from this office, to prevent delivery to any home not in immediate need and then only in emergency quantity. I have been informed this morning that priority orders issued by me Wednesday to operators for shipment of all coal heretofore requested have been substantially complied with and you may, accordingly, expect coal as soon as transportation conditions permit. Neighborliness and thoughtful conservation will go farther than anything else to meet immediate situation, and for these you can, I know, appeal confidently to our people. Signed, Evans Woollen, Federal fuel administrator for Indiana." (TeleTam, Jan. 13, 1918.) Acting under these instructions county fuel administrators, in the majority of instances, were able to prevent actual famine in fuel and, without exceptions, where the administrator was forced to resort to the appropriation of transit coal, distribution was made in emer- gency quantity, and confiscations were limited to the daily need of the community. In several instances where commercial coal was not available to the community it was necessary to appeal to the railroads for the release for domestic use of railroad fuel. In all such cases officials extended helpful cooperation. As soon as railroad officials' reports j ustified the expectation that coal would be rolling toward localities in extreme distress the following instructions were issued to all county fuel administrators: "The railroads are moving coal again and that we may begin to get back to normal it seems best now to request that no administrator hereafter appropriate coal which is in transit to a point beyond his county. Otherwise provisions about appropriation in my telegram of January 13 remain in effect until and including Tuesday. During that period do not hesitate to appropriate commercial coal arriving in your county until current needs of domestic consumers, public utilities, hospitals, charitable institutions, municipal and county build- ings, and food manufacturers are fully supplied. Signed, Evans Woollen, Federal fuel administrator for Indiana." (Telegram Jan 18, 1918.) Reports from county fuel administrators confirm the belief that not in a single instance was the authority for confiscation of coal abused and that no coal was appropriated other than was essential to prevention of serious distress and suffering. In Huntington County where the appropriation of coal was as heavy, comparatively, a^ in any city in the State, the county fuel administrator, with 200 volunteer workers FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 101 in 24 hours checked every home in the county, obtaining exact information on the amount of coal in each. This instance is cited as suggesting the precautions taken by county fuel administrators to the end that they should make no appropriation of coal other than what was necessary to meet the immediate needs. Prior to the breaking of the storm there had been a stubborn congestion of traffic iu the Terre Haute yards. The snow and zero weather left no hope that this congestion could be cleared for at least five days. Following a conference with railroad officials, it was considered prudent to divert 307 cars of coal caught in this blockade at West Clinton, on the Chicago, Terre Haute & Southeastern, to meet the very grave emergency in Indianapolis. This diversion could be effected, under favorable condition.s, without substantial delay in delivery to the consignees, since prompt unloading of the cars in Indianapolis and subsequent return of the empties to the mines, would enable the cars to be reloaded for the original destinations by the time normal service wa.s resumed on the railroads in the northern part of the State. This diversion proved the salvation of Indianapolis, where, besides an unprecedented domestic demand, one of the large public utilities, serving the major part of the business district and the city lights, was dependent upon the fuel administration for its entire fuel requirements. , •• No more thau 1,200 cars, most of them billed to points within the county where they were appropriated, were confiscated in the State during the winter. That the State came through such a crisis with so few instances of confiscation is accounted for bj' two circumstances: (1) The good judgment and conscientious effort to refrain from precipitating confusion through indiscriminate confiscation on the part of the county fuel admin- istrators; (2) the intelligent and determined efforts of the mine operators to take care of the administration's . emergency requests. SERVICE RENDERED AND EXPENSE. Even superficial reflection on the Indiana situation suggests obvious benefits which fully justify the exist- ence of a fuel administration during this season of keen anxiety for the public. During the coal crisis in January, 1917, with no regulative authority in the field, there would have been undoubtedly the wildest bidding for the negligible supply of fuel. It would not have been surprising if, in Indianapolis, for example, inferior bituminous coal had sold for $25 a ton. It would have been impossible for persons in humble circumstances to obtain coal, and suffering and death could not have been avoided if it had not been for the presence of the fuel administra- tion, limiting retail prices and directing the actual delivery of coal in such emergent quantities as made it possible for anyone to obtain no more than his immediate necessities in coal. If there had been no fuel administration invested with authority to confiscate coal billed to industrial concerns and to appropriate that coal for household use, there would have been in Indiana families freezing while hundreds of cars of coal stood snowbound in railroad switching yards. Leaving out of consideration the fuel administration's important service in connection with war industries, these two vital services to the public, if none other was rendered, made the fuel administration worth while. Further, if there had been no fuel administration in Indiana during December, 1917, January and February, 1918, it would have been impossible for hundreds of retail coal dealers in northern and eastern Indiana to obtain coal under any circumstances or at any price. These vital services, despite the haste in which the fuel administration was gotten under way, were per- formed at a cost which competent business men assert was more moderate than anyone had a right to expect it to be. The expense of conducting the office of the State fuel administration from its inception (Oct. 18, 1917) to March 31, 1918 (the period of grave stress), was a little more than $8,000, distributed as follows: Permanent equipment, including furniture, lights, etc $603. 64 Salaries 3, 971. 86 Traveling expense 399. 73 Stationery and printing 1, 235. 95 Telephone 855. 63 Telegraph 640. 17 Miscellaneous 599. 89 The major part of the expenditures was incident to relieving communities and public-service corporations which were short of fuel. On emergency orders of the fuel administration 11,592 cars were delivered to various communities. In addition to these, 700 cars of coal were diverted from congested rail centers to cities and towns requiring assistance. A total of 12,292 cars was handled in this period by the fuel administration, approximating a tonnage of 600,000 tons. The transactions involved more than a million and a half dollars. The expense of handling this business, assuming that all expenses of the administration during this period accrued through this one activity, viz, providing emergency coal, is approximately one-half of 1 per cent. Comparing this with the overhead in both private and Government business, it is far below the average, and it is submitted as convincing proof that the fuel administration in its earnest endeavor to give the Government, the public, and the coal industry the maximum service at a minimum expense was successful. 102 BEPOKT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIOIT. As the spring of 1918 broke and the coal situation began to ease, the fuel administration at once began to interest itself in promoting trade relations between the retail coal dealers of the State and the producers and jobbers of coal, to the end that these trade connections might make unnecessary the emergency coal department of the fuel administration ia the winter of 1918-19. In this activity the cooperation of the district represen- tative of the United States fuel administration for the Indiana fields, Mr. C. G. Hall, who as an official of the administration did authoritatively the service which prior to his appointment he rendered voluntarily, was most complete and helpful. It is proper at this time, and amply justified by the records in Indiana, to acknowledge the patriotic and intelligent service rendered the fuel administration by the coal producers, jobbers, and coal dealers. It is true that a few — the number being gratifyingly small — did somewhat less in cooperation than they might have done. But the vast majority of them proved men of vision and patriotism. Some of them made more than slight material sacrifices in the interest of the general weKare. Without this cooperation the Indiana fuel adminis- tration could not have approached a reasonably satisfactory handling of a grave situation. At this time, also, attention should be directed to the splendid work of the miners in the coal mines of Indiana. The fuel administration for the State made no appeal to them but that they responded with enthu- siasm. They increased production under the most trying conditions; they showed a spirit of loyalty to the State and Nation that was inspiring; and in looking back upon the days of uncertainty and anxiety, it is right that the Indiana coal miners should have the thanks of the fuel administration and the gratitude of the people of Indiana for their determined endeavor to meet the emergency. The officials of the United Mine Workers of America gave the Indiana fuel administration such cooperation as left nothing to be asked or desired. As has been suggested, the work of the administration, in so far as it directly touched on coal, from March, 1918, to January, 1919, had to do with establishing trade relations between coal dealers, public utilities, arid preferred industrials on the one hand, and coal producers and distributors on the other. Early buying by the domestic consumer against his winter requirements was promoted, as was reasonable storage by industrials and retail dealers. This work was so successful that up untU January 1, 1919, the State fuel administration had not been required to place a single request for emergency coal for domestic use. In but two or three instances, where zone restrictions had disturbed the normal trade relations, was the fuel administration obliged to interest itself in temporary relief for smaller public utiHties. CONSERVATION WORK. In the early months of the Indiana fuel administration's activities vigorous campaigns for the conserva- tion of fuel were prosecuted through the press and such organizations as the State Federation of Women's Clubs, the State Real Estate Board, etc., and through the local civic and social organizations cooperating with the local fuel aiiministrators. The public schools also were utihzed. A weekly news letter, an important feature of which was conservation propaganda, was sent to 600 news- papers throughout the State, and special service was furnished the dailies in the larger towns and cities. The success of these campaigns, in large measure, was due to the generous attitude of the newspapers. The coop- eration of the press in these particulars was most helpful and very gratifying. A campaign for the substitution of wood for coal was carried on throughout the State, many counties making remarkable records in this field. Supplementing the general publicity campaign, the county fuel administrators, with the cooperation of local agencies, increased the wood fuel consumption through the State to double what it had been in normal years. After the emergency of the wmter of 1917-18 had waned, the State fuel administration took up the con- servation work in a more systematic way and on a much larger scale. In accord with policies outlined by the Conservation Division of the United States Fuel Administration, the State administration organized for work in the following fields : (1) Household conservation, (2) industrial conservation, (3) conservation through interconnections and plant consoUdations, (4) hotel conservation, (5) conservation in ice plants and storage houses, (6) conservation in industrial furnaces. The work in the second and third fields, perhaps, since permanent benefits may result, deserves further comment: CONSERVATION IN INDUSTRIAL PLANTS. Prof. Frank C. Wagner, of Rose Polytechnical CoUege, Terre Haute, Ind., was appointed administrative engineer for Indiana. As an advisory committee he selected the following: Mr. H. O. Garman, chief engineer to the Pubhc Service Commission of Indiana, IndianapoUs; Mr. L. W. Wallace, assistant general manager, Diamond Chain Manufacturing Co., Indianapohs; Prof. G. A. Young, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind,' FEDKKAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 103 Mr. O. E. McMeans, consulting engineer, Indianapolis; Mr. W. H. Insley, president Insley Manufacturing Co., Indianapolis ; Mr. Charles Brossman, consulting engineer, Indianapolis ; Mr. L. A. Snyder, consulting engineer, Indianapolis; Mr. T. Weinshank, consulting engineer, Indianapolis. All of this trained talent served the fuel administration as volunteers. In accordance with the general plan of the United States Fuel Administration questionnaire blanks, in triplicate, were sent to aU steam power plants with instructions to return one copy to the State fuel adminis- tration after being filled out in accordance with instructions, to dehver one copy to the inspector representing the fuel administration when he should caU, and to retain the third copy for reference. Approximately 3,000 steam plants were covered by the questionnaire canvass. For the purpose of organizing local conservation committees in the various industrial centers, the administrative engineer called meetings and, in person, presented the subject of fuel conservation, its necessity during the war, and the permanent benefits possible to the industry if it took an interest in the subject. He was given a cordial reception in every instance and as a result fuel conservation committees were appointed in the following industrial cities: Columbus, Kokomo, Terre Haute, Anderson, Marion, South Bend, Elkhart, Fort Wayne, Indianapohs, and Muncie. It had been planned to continue the work of organization by holding meetings in other cities, but on account of the influenza epidemic the holding of meetings was deemed inadvisable, and additional committees were appointed by the local fuel administrators in the following cities and counties: Goshen, Evansville, Logansport, Richmond, Himtington, Clark County, Dearborn County, Fayette County, Tippecanoe County, and Laporte County. Particular mention should be made of the work of the Muncie, Ind., local committee, which organized a "Fuel Savers League" among the practical operating engineers and firemen, arranging for regular meetings to be addressed by competent speakers on different subjects connected with fuel conservation. Another part of the work consisted in circulating Hterature bearing upon fuel conservation. This distribu- tion was made through local committees and by mail direct from the State ofiice. In addition to the hterature furnished by the Washington Administration, a pamphlet "Fuel saving in the power plant," was prepared by Mr. Charles Brossman, and Hsts giving the addresses of makers of instruments used in connection with boiler plants, and also a list giving addresses of makers of apparatus for securing increased economy in boilers, were prepared and distributed. The effect of the entire campaign was undoubtedly to secure greatly increased economy in the use of fuel. Many questionnaires contained notations to the effect that the owners had already made, or were planning, improvements to effect fuel economies. The covering of exposed hot surfaces, the installation of feed water heaters and automatic damper regulators, as well as the purchase of draft gauges, feed water meters, flue gas analysis apparatus, etc., were frequently mentioned. It has been impossible, of course, to obtain definite fibres as to the amount of fuel actually saved. The campaign has been one largely of education and has directed the attention of steam users to the possibihties of fuel saving and to the necessary apparatus to effect such saving. The continued high price of coal and the self-interest of the owners may be depended on to continue the efforts initiated by the fuel administration. INTERCONNECTIONS IN POWER PLANTS. From the first it was realized that material fuel savings could be effected through the interconnections of power plants and, in some instances, through the consolidation of plants. It is to be remarked here that the difficulty in this field of endeavor results from political prejudices rather than from a lack of convincing evidence that the proposed interconnections were sound business policies and certain to produce marked econ- omies in fuel consumption. Mr. Charles Brossman, consulting engineer, Indianapolis, was appointed to have this work in charge. He and Mr. Alex. R. HoUiday, assistant fuel administrator for Indiana, devoted much time to this work, and if the results were somewhat less than satisfactory to the administration, community factionalism and business rivalries rather than any lack of determined and intelligent effort aie to blame. A number of public utilities were investigated to determine whether a saving of fuel could be made by interconnection or other changes. Recommendations were made in a number of instances which, if adopted, will effect considerable economy in fuel. It should be remarked here that the "skip-stop" system of operating street cars was installed in several cities in Indiana on the initiation of the fuel administration. 104 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. PRIORITY INDUSTRIAL PROGRAM. With the establishment of the War Industry Board's priority program it became necessary to give indus- trial fuel matters closer attention. In the latter pait of June, 1918, Pvt. Ralph L. Flood was assigned to the Federal fuel administration for Indiana to de-vote his attention to industrial fuel matters as related to war industries. This assignment was made by the fuel and forage division of the United States Army. Essential industries, as indicated by the War Industry Board, immediately were checked to the end that war industries might be protected with an adequate fuel supply with .the least disturbance to the so-called nonessential concerns. In many instances it was necessary to provide new sources of supply for industrial concerns which here- tofore had been buying coal in fields now closed under the zone arrangement. Working in cooperation with the district representative of the fuel administration in Indiana, in so far as possible these essential industries were taken care of in the Indiana coal fields. Where the character of the industry precluded the use of Indiana coal, with the assistance of the distribution department of the United States Fuel Administration a fuel supply was arranged on permits for shipments from coal fields otherwise embargoed. Under the priority program it was necessary for the fuel administration to interest itself in the fuel supply of many public utilities. This problem had been met with reasonable completeness before the winter set in, the investigations incident thereto having been made by the representative of the fuel and forage division who was assigned to this office. The magnitude of the industrial fuel problem is suggested by the fact that in normal years no more than 40 per cent of the industrial requirements for the State came from the Indiana mines. There was, therefore, a turnover which necessitated readjustments on more than 50 per cent of the State's industrial coal. A statement of the organization of the Federal fuel administration for Indiana is submitted herewith: STATE ORGANIZATION. For advisory service the Federal fuel administrator for Indiana availed himself of (1) the advisory cqm- mittee, the membership including the president of the Indiana State Federation of Labor, two representative manufacturers, and a transportation expert; (2) the committee appointed by the mine operators to cooperate with the fuel administration ; (3) the secretaries of the two mine operators' associations ; (4) the executive sec- retary of the Indiana Eetail Coal Merchants' Association; (5) the chairman of the State public service com- mission, chairman of the State council of defense, and a representative of the Director General of Railroads in the district; (6) a legal adviser. The organization of the Indiana fuel administration is on the basis of the county as a unit. A county fuel administrator was appointed in feach of the 92 counties. This local official assumed, under the direction and with the approval of the State fuel administrator, full responsibility for fuel problems in, his county. The appointees, without exception, were obtained by calling upon the county council of defense and the chief commercial organization in each county to recommend jointly a man for the place. This joint recommenda- tion having been made, the State fuel administrator authorized the appointment. Each county fuel administrator was urged to select an advisory committee, and was authorized to appoint deputy administrators in his and his advisory committee's judgment, where necessary to handle properly the affairs in the county. In those counties where there were several large cities, it was the practice to appoint a deputy for each city, who reported directly to the county fuel administrator. In each county the endeavor was for close cooperation between the county fuel administration, the county council of defense, commercial clubs, civic organizations, and similar instrumentalities for doing those things necessary to be done for the pro- tection of the community. PERSONNEL. Evans Woollen, Federal fuel administrator for Indiana; Alex. R. Holliday, assistant fuel administrator for Indiana. Advisory committee: Charles Fox, Terra Haute, president of the Indiana State Federation of Labor; E. M. Wilson, Anderson, manufacturer; H. R. Kurrie, Rensselaer, president Monon Railroad; W. G. Irwin Colum- bus, manufacturer. J. E. Northway, Columbus, director of county organization; Paul Poynter, Sullivan, director of wagon mines division; R. L. Flood, Terre Haute, director emergency orders (later assigned to Indiana fuel admin- istration by fuel and forage division of United States Army) ; E. T. Lawrence, Chicago, director statistics; J. Clyde Hoffman, Indianapolis, director jobbers' contracts division; Horace H. Herr, Indianapolis, director publicity and conservation; Clarence A. Royse, Terre Haute, legal adviser; Prof. Frank C. Wagner, Terre Haute admin- FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 105 istrative engineer; Charles Brossman, Indianapolis, power utility engineer; H. B. De Prez, Shelbyville, ice plant division; J. E. Kandall, Indianapolis, furnace engineer; F. Plarold Van Orman, Evansville, director of conservation in hotels; Mrs. M. C. Jones, Indianapolis, chief clerk. Evans Woollen, Federal Fvel Administrator For Indiana. Indianapolis, Ind., January 1, 1919. INDIANA. Name. Woollen, Evans STATE ADVISOKT BOARD. Fox, Charles.. Irwin, W. G.. Kurrie, H. R . Wilson, E.M. Title. State fuel administrator. STATE OFncE PER.SOXXEL. Barnhardt. Rot B . . . Beckett, Mrs. V Boudreau, Mrs. .V. J. Brossman, Charles... Biarns, Lee Casanses, Mrs. A. S . . Clay, Emma R Cole, Christina. Curry, Lucille Davis, H.R Davis, Mrs. K Deprez, H.B Dial, Mrs. K Farb, Mrs. C Flood, R. L Golduli, Anna Gould, EdnaR Greaten, Faimy C Halliday, John H., jr. Heine, Bertha Herr, Horace H Clerk -...do Stenographer rower utility engineer .\ccountanl .' Clerk... Stenographer Clerk Stenographer Inspector Stenographer Chief, ice-plant division Stenographer Clerk Director, coal distribution. Clerk Stenographer Hofltman, J. Clyde Holliday, A.R Huckleberry, Hortense Jones, Edwin C Jones, Mrs. Laura Jones, Margery C KeUy, Robert Kramer, L. H Lawrence, E. T Leighton, Roberta E . McDaniels, Mrs. L Director of statistics. Stenographer. do Marson, Mrs. M. Y. . Neidhamer, Mrs. M . Northway, J. E Pemow, Anna Poynter, Paul Randall, James E . . Royse, C. A llumpler, Alex Rumpler, E. C StefEn, Gertrude Stewart, George E . . Van Orman, F. H... Wagner, F.C Waters, Mrs. E. A.. Wilson, C.H Winget, Rader Younge, James .do. .do. Official station. ...do Office expert Stenographer Director, publicity and conserva- tion. Director of enforcement Assistant fuel administrator.. Bookkeeper Stenographer Clerk Clerk and stenographer Clerk Chief clerk Director, countv organization. . . Clerk ." Director, wagon mines division District chief conser\'ation Special a.ssistant Inspector Clerk Stenographer Chief clerk Director hotel conservation Administrative engineer Stenographer Fuel inspector !27 Federal Building, Indian- apolis. Terre Haute.. Columbus Rensselaer. . . Anderson Indianapolis ....do _ ....do ....do ....do ....do do do do do do Shelbyville Indianapolis do do do 211 Hudson Street. Indianapolis Indianapolis . do do do .do. ....do do Jefferson\'ille Indianapolis do do Winamac 510 Old State Building, Evans- ville. 1941 McCormick Building, Chi- cago, 111. Indianapolis do do do Columbus Indianapolis . . . ■. do do Terre Haute Indianapolis do do do do Federal Building, Indianapolis. Indianapolis Evansville Indianapolis do Home address. Connersville. Indiana State Council of Defense, Indianapolis. 1400 Park Avenue, Indianapolis. . . 28 West Mechanic St.. Shelbyville. 515 North Meridian Street, Indianapolis. 312 North Denny Street, Indian- apolis. 42 Drexel Avenue, Indianapolis. . 6456 Kenwood .\venue, Chicago, 111. 188 East Forty-fourth Street, In- dianapolis. 35.38 Salem Street, Indianapolis.. Evansville. 420 Kentucky Avenue, Evansville. lllEa.st Pratt Street, Indianapolis.. Volun- teer or salary. V S S S V s s \' V Served. From- Oct. 18, 1917 Aug. 16,1918 ....do ....do ....do Nov. 15,1917 Dec. 1,1917 Jan. 19,1918 Oct. 22, Jan. 23' Oct. 29 Sept. 16, Oct. 24 do.. July 15 Oct. 3i: Aug. 9 Jan. 16 Oct. 22: Oct. 24 July 17, Jan. 15, Oct. 22! Sept. s: Oct. 22 Sept. Oct. Dec. Oct. Nov. Oct. Dec. July Oct. 31 Jan. 24 July 31 Dec. 4 Oct. 23 Oct. 22 June 24 Nov. 1 July 1 Oct. 21 (On call Oct. 22, Oct. 20, Nov. 27, Sept. 21 July 16, Jan. 23, July 1 ....do.. Oct. 26, 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1918 1918 1918 1917 1917 1918 1918 1917 1918 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1918 1918 1917 1918 1918 1917 1917 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1917 1917 1917 1918 1918 1918 1918 1917 To— Mar. 27,191 Mar. 1,191 Do. Do. Do. Jan. 1,1918 Mar. 30,1918 Feb. 18,191N Feb. Jan. Nov. Nov. Mar. Jan. Oct. Feb. Aug, Feb. Jan. Nov. Nov. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Jan. Mar. Nov. Feb. Jan. Feb. 28, 1919 26,1918 23,1917 30, 1918 30, 1918 1, 1918 5, 1918 28, 1918 31,1919 9. 1918 31,1918 12,1911 30, 1918 22. 1918 1,1918 10,1918 17,1919 28. 1919 27, 1919 5,1918 15. 1918 5, 1917 8. 1919 31,1919 28. 1919 Do. Mar. Aug. 30, 1918 7, 1918 Jan. 4,1918 Feb. 12,1918 Feb. 28,1919 June 29,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Apr. 21,1918 Nov, 24,1917 Oct. 25,1917 Dec. 22,1917 Jan. 15,1919 Do. Mar, 6,1918 Aug. 31,1918 June 22,1918 106 REPOET OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. INDIANA— Contittued. FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. Official station. Volun- teer salary. Served. Name. Official station. Volun teer oi salary Served. From— To— From— To— COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES. Adams: Bell, C. E., chairman Allen: Beadell, Henry, chair- man. Bartholomew: Beeves, M. 0., chairman. Benton: Snyder, C. M., chairman. Decatur Fort Wayne... Columbus Fowler V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 2,1917 Nov. 3,1917 Nov. 2,1917 do do do do Nov. 3,1917 Nov. 2, 1917 July 16,1918 Nov. 2,1917 do do do do Nov. 3,1917 Apr. 23,1918 Nov. 2,1917 Nov. 14,1917 Nov. 2,1917 do .i...do do do do do Sept. 16, 1918 Nov. . .2, 1917 Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 7,1917 Nov. 2,1917 do do do do Nov. 5,1917 Nov. 3,1917 Nov. 2,1917 Sept. 2,1918 Nov. 7,1917 .Nov. 16,1917 Oct. 16,1918 Nov. 14,1917 Feb. 28,1919 D«. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 22,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. , Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Sept. 15,1918 Feb. 2.8,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Sept. 1,1918 Feb. 28.1919 Do. Oct. 14,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES- continued. Hendricks: Hogate, J. D., chairman Henry: Mouch, C. W., chairman Howard: Turner, W. H., chairman Huntington: William^, C. B., chair- man. Jackson: Ahlbrand, A. H., chair- man. Jasper: Fendig,B.F,, chairman. Jay: Holmes, John W., chair- man. Jefferson: Sebum, W. T., chairman Jennings: Dowd, Harry H., chair- .man. Johnson: Ohver, W. G., chairman. Knox: Jones, J. H., chairman.. Kosciusko: Ker, C. H., chairman... Shane, Bertram, chair- man. Lagrange: DanviUe Newcastle Kokomo Huntington... Seymour Rensselaer Portland North Madison. North Vernon.. Franklin Vincennes Warsaw V V V V V V V V V V V V V- V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V * Nov. 2,1917 do do do Nov. 3,1917 do Nov. 2,1917 do do Nov. 3,1917 do Nov. 2,1917 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Blackford: McGeath, John L., chairman. Boone: Neal, C. F. S., chairman. Brown: Calvin, Dennis, chair- man. Carroll: Bradshaw, W. H., chair- Hartford aty.. Lebanon Nashville Delphi Do. Do. Do. man. Cass: ColIett,H.W., chairman. Barnes, J. W. (succes- sor), chairman. Clark: Wilson, F. L., chairman. Bohon, Thomas Cook, David S Logansport do Jeffersonville... do do Do. Do. Do. Do. Hertzsch, Charles T . do . Myers, Newton H do Do. Clay: Johnson, Rev. E. G., Brazil Lagrange Nov. 27,1917 Nov. 15,1917 Dec. 13,1917 Nov. 2,1917 do do do ds. do do Apr. 15,1918 Nov. 3,1917 Nov. 2,1917 do do do do do do do Dec. 13,1917 Nov.". 6, 1917 Nov. [3,1917 do Nov. 10,1917 Nov. 3,1917 do Nov. 2,1917 Nov. 3,1917 chairman. do Frankfort English Washington Lawrenceburg . Do. Do. Nance, 0. T. (successor) chairman. Clinton: Bracken, Robt., chair- man. Crawford: Adkms, J. T., chairman. Daviess: Martin, C. C, chairman. . Lake: Feuer, W. S., chairman. Laporte: Redpath, G. 0., chair- man. Simpson, E. A., chair- man. Armstrong, H. V Scott, Emmet Michigan City.. do do Laporte do Bedford Anderson Indianapolis.. . do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Storrs, Jack, chairman. . . Baldry , Harry Stahl, Albert J Lawrence: Palmer, R. N., chair- man. Madison: NettervlUe, J.,chairman. Marion: Jameson, Dr. H., chair- man. Rehfuss, Martin, chair- man. Marshall: Walker, C.M.,chairman-. Martm: Ackerson, A., chairman. Miami: Gould, E. A., chairman. Monroe; Adams, Ben F., chair- man. Montgomery: Matthews, T. E., chair- man. Morgn: Hendricks, W. A., chair- man. Newton: Moran, John, chairman. . Noble: Park, F. B., chairman. . Ohio: MoKnight,V. chairman. Thompson,S., chairman. Orange: Knox, Samuel B., chair- man, Owen: Williams, L. B., chair- maQ. Parke: Gaebler, T., chairman . . Perry: Clemens, H. M., chair- man. Pike: Boonshot, J., chairman. Porter: Sisson, Perry L., chair- man. Posey: Hart, A. B.,charlman. . Pulaski: Good, F. L., chairman. . Kelly, E. B., chairman.. Putnam: Ellis, H. H., chairman. . Lewis, George H Lawrenceburg . Do. Decatur: Christian, J. H., chair- man. Dekalb: Mount!, H. W., chair- Greensburg Garrett Auburn Do. Apr. 14,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. McClellan, J. Y. W;, chairman. Delaware: Haimbaugh, F. D., Plymouth Loogootee Peru chairman. Dubois: Dulendach,F.,chairman. iilkhart: Demarest, M. U., chair- man. Fayette: Ansted,W.B., chairman. Hawlrins, E. P Huntingburg... Elkhart Connersville do Do. Do. Do. Do. Bloomington. . . Crawfordsville.. Martinsville.... Goodland Kendallville. . . Rising Sun do Huston, R.T do do .. Do. Do. Floyd: Moore, A. G., chairman. . Fountain: Reed, W. B., chairman. . New Albany... Attica Franklin: Morin.Bert 0.,chairman. Fulton: Dawe, Grosvenor, chair- man. Babcock, A. E., chair- Brookville Rochester do Princeton Do. Dec. 12, 1917 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Paoli man. Gibson: Weese, William, chair- man. Grant: Crossland, H. A., chair- Spencer Rockville Cannelton Petersburg Valparaiso Mount Vernon. Winamao do Greencastle.... man (deceased). Sisson, J. S., chairman.. Greene: B ddlugton, M6lvin,chair- man. Harris, T. E., chanman. do Do. Hamilton: Brown, H. G., chairman. Hancock: Downing, John, chair- Noblesville Greenfield do Corydon Nov. 12,1917 Do. man. Souder, J. S., chairman. Harrison: Dropsey, F. S., chair- man. Dec. 13,1917 Nov. 2,1917 Do. Do Nov. 2,1917 Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTBATOES. INDIANA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES. 107 Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Bandolph: Clai Ripley: !ph: &,G. Clark, Gf. H., chairman.. Ofllcial station. Volim- teor or salary. Walsman, H. J., chair- man. Rush: Trabue, S. L., chair- man. Barrett, H. E., chair- man. St. Joseph: Hardy, L. P., chairman. Scott: Hubbard, W. L., chair- man. Shelby: Bassett,H. E.,ohairman. Henry, C. B. , chairman. Spencer: Hoch , Henry , chairman. Starke: Johnson, H. E., chair- man. Steuben: Emerson, F. A., chair- man. Sullivan: Billman, Dr. G. G., chairman. Switzerland: Hall, G. B., chairman. . . Tippecanoe: west fall, J. T. . chairman . Tipton: Haas, L. R., chairman Union: Chapin, G. V. , chairman. Rude , J. F. , chairman. . . Vanderburg: Cliff ord,G.S.,chairman. Vermilion: Chastaln, B., chairman.. Bonner, W. H., chatr- man. Vigo: McClary, S. R., chair- man. Wabash: Latchem, C, chairman- Warren: Rossiter, C. G., chair- man. Martin, P. T., chairman. McDoimd, M. A., chair- man. Warrick: Wilson, J. R., chairman. Washington: Carter, L. C, chairman.. Wayne: Bates, F. S., chairman. .. Robie, G. S., chairman.. Wells: Miller, JohnJ.,chairnian. White: 0'ConneU,W.,chairman. Whitley: Rossman, W.,chairman- CONSEEVATION IN DfDUS- TBIAL PLANTS. Wagner, Prof. Frank C, ad- ministratiTe engineer. Brossman, Charles, consult- ing engineer. Carman, H. O., chief engi- neer, public service com- mission. Insley, W. H., consulting enoneer. MoMeans, O. E., consulting engineer. Snyder, L. A., consulting engineer. Wallace, L. W., assistant general manager. Weinshank, T., consulting engineer. CITY FUEL CONSEBVATION COMMITTEES. Anderson: Kelsay, C. H. chairman. Barbour, David S — Benefial, J. O Winchester Batesville Bushville, . . do South Bend. Scottsburg.. Shelbyville.. do Rockport. Knox V V V V V V Angola. - . Sullivan. Vevay Lafayette. Tipton Liberty do Evansville . Clinton. do.. Torre Haute. . Wabash , Williamsport... do do Boonville. Salem Richmond. ....do Bluff ton Monticello Columbia City. 227 Federal Building^ In- dianapolis. do Anderson. ....do.... ....do.... V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Nov. 2,1917 ....do ...do ...do ...do ...do V do V Oct. 12,1918 Nov. 2,1917 ....do Nov. 3,1917 Nov. 2,1917 Nov. 6,1917 Nov. 2,1917 Nov. 6,1917 Nov. 2,1917 Oct. 25,1918 Nov. 6,1917 Nov. 17,1917 June 21,1918 Nov. 2,1917 do do Dec. 1,1917 Apr. 16,1918 Nov. -7,1917 Nov. 3,1917 Nov. 2,1917 Apr. 16,1918 Nov. 12,1917 Nov. 7,1917 Nov. 3,1917 July 16,1918 July 15,1918 do .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. Nov. 2,1917 ....do ....do To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Nov. 1,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Oct. 11,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 24,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. June 20,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Nov. 30,1917 Apr. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Apr. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Name. T. B., CITY FUEL CONSBKVATION COMMITTEES— continued. Anderson— Continued; Creagor, E. F O'Conner, Harry Columbus: Rooves, jI. 0., chairman. Green, E. M Herudon, George P Le Comptc, John V Elkhart: Hamilton, \V, chairman. Adams. F, W Barheeh, H Bueschor, F. A Colbert, C. C EvansvlUo: Dixon, W. v., chairman. Burcb, A. V Carson, W. A Clifford, G. S Graham, T. B Kratz,C. W Fori Wayne: Schelberg, E. G., chair- man. Barrett, Walter Maxwell, W. J Smith, G. L Thompson, Sam P Goshen: Cover, Owen, chairman . Harding, Vernon Kelly, R.B Huntington: Williams, C. B., chair- man. Book, Frank J Official station. Anderson. do.... Columbus. . do do do Elkhart. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. Grupe, Henry L. Swessingcr, E. C. Young, Harry I.. Indianapolis: Chandler, F. F., chair- man. Bixby, AUenS Hanley, W. A Le Manx, George Mering, B. G Cakes, W. D Shearer, F Smith, A. H Swartz, H. A Kokomo: Frederick, J. E., chair- man. Conradt, A. V Golightly, W. J Jenkens, D. C, Logansport: " Barnes, J. W., chairman. CunterjC.C Digan, ,1. F Siseo, C. E Muneie: Davis, C. S., chairman. . Ball, Udmnnd P Bannister, H. B English, T. F Grafton, C. O Richmond: Robio, Gu.y S.,.?h3irman. Cureton, E. H Johnson, N. H Vessler, Walter Torre Haute: Richardson, J. W., chair- man. Carter, J. C Clark, W.G Fields, G. R Franke, A Hoskins. J. M Kemp,T. L Scott, C. J Taylore, W. E INDIANA FEDERATION 01 CLUnS— FUEL CONSERV K- TION COMMITTEE. McWhfrter, Mrs Felix T Bacon, Mrs. Albion Fellows. Fauve, Afr.s. .A. E Fulliett, Mrs. Walter B Paxson, Mrs. John C Evansville. ....do ....do ----do ....do -...do Fort Wayne.. -do- .do- .do. .do. Gcshen. .--.do.. ....do.. Huntington 58 Madison Street. 638 Guilfort Street. 904 Warren Street. 1070 Warren Street. Indianapolis . . . ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...dn... ...do... ---do--- ...do... Kokomo - .do. .do- .do. Logansport. do do do Muneie.. do.. do.- .....do.- do.. Richmond . . . do do do Terre Haute .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do- .do. .do. Indianapolis . Fvans\'ille.-- Fort Wayne.. New Albany. South Bend. - VoIun- 1 eer or ■salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V v V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- To— Nov. 2,1917 ....do -do. .do. .do. .do. ..do. .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... -do... .do... .do... do. .do... .do... .do... .do... .do. -do- .do. .do., .do .do .do -do ....do. .do... .do... .do--, .do... .do... .do... -do... .do... .do.- -do-. -do., .do.. .do.- .do.. .do., .do.. .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. -do. -do- ..do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Dc. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1)0. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. IOWA. Upon the suggestion of the Iowa State council of defense, Charles Webster, of Waucoma, was appointed by Dr. Garfield to serve as administrator for this State. Official appointment was made on September 28, 1917, and Mr. "Webster was called to Washington to attend a meeting, at which an outhne was given to the different State administrators of what would be expected of them. Upon his return, offices were established in the State capitol at Des Moines. STATE ORGANIZED. It was at once recognized that the handling of the coal situation in Iowa was more than a one-man task, and an advisory committee of the following men was immediate^ appointed: W. F. Muse, Mason City, editor; James F. Toy, Sioux City, banker; James Powell, Ottumwa, editor; F. A. Canfield, Cedar Kapids, president State Federal Labor; J. J. Hughes, Council Bluffs, insurance and real estate; Fred Holbert, Greeley, farmer and horse breeder; Charles Clark, Des Moines, editor farm paper; A. C. Johnson, Dubuque, lumber and coal. It seemed best to appoint local representatives in the different communities, and accordingly from three to five local fuel commissioners were appointed in each county of the State, depending on the size and popula- tion. Additional fuel committees for 35 of the larger towns were also appointed. The great majority of the men appointed immediately recognized the importance of the work and accepted the responsibility of the office, patriotically donating their time and in many cases no inconsiderable sums of money in order that the work might be carried on efficiently. An especially early fall and curtailed production presented the first problems to the administration in this State, and before the work of organization was well under way difficulties began to increase. The work, of course, was entirely liew to everyone concerned and the committeemen, operators, retail dealers, and the public deserve great credit for the sympathetic attitude with which thej^ approached the problem of securing and distributing sufficient fuel to take care of all the demands in this State. WORK OF COMMITTEEMEN. The local committeemen were clothed with considerable authority in matters of price and distribution, and the cases in which they overstepped their authority were very few, indeed. In fact, it was the policy of the State administration to interfere as little as possible with the regular course of trade. In order that the central office might be perfectly familiar with the stocks of fuel on hand in various com- munities, the local committeemen were asked to send in weekly reports showing the conditions in the territory over which they had jurisdiction. Through this system of reports it was possible to determine where reUef was most needed and to direct shipments to proper points. Dealers and committeemen were informed of all new developments regularly in circular letters directed to them. The problem of determining equitable gross margins in the various communities was at once begun by the different committees where occasion demanded it, and it was very generally true that such margins as were established were entirely satisfactory to the administration, retail dealers, and the public. ATTORNEY APPOINTED. Anticipating that legal counsel might be necessary on occasions, Mr. Webster appointed Hon. Henry L. Adams, a Des Moines attorney, legal adviser to the administration. Mr. Adams performed very valuable service, and his advice was generously given on innumerable matters in connection with the various activities of the office. Earley in November there were evidences of shortage in the fuel supply and demands were made upon the office of the State administration to assist communities which needed help. In all cases the State office was able to take care of such demands, largely through the cooperation of the coal operators, who willingly consented to relieve acute situations wherever they existed. CONSERVATION CAMPAIGN. One of the most important phases of the work of the administration in Iowa was in connection with the conservation campaign. This work was begun in November and carried on in cooperation with the Iowa State College at Ames. Mr. D. C. Faber, of the extension department of the college, was appointed as conser- 108 FEDERAL ETIEL ADMINISTRATORS. 109 vation engineer, and he did most effective work in organizing the State. Six expert firenaen were sent out under his direction. These engineers lectured in practicallj- every city of any size, gave demonstrations as to the proper operation of furnaces, distributed circulars showing the proper methods of firing, and in other ways did everything in their power to bring home to the consumer the necessity for saving every possible pound of coal. It is impossible, of course, to make an accurate estimate of how much fuel was saved through this con- servation campaign, but it most certainly ran into thousands of tons. This work was continued up to the time that the armistice was signed. It must also be mentioned that this conservation campaign was unique in that it was the first of its kind to be started anywhere in the Ujiited States, and as such it attracted very wide attention. WOOD FOR FUEL. Although Iowa is not considered among the States that have extensive resources of wood, nevertheless it was found that there are communities where large quantities of wood are available for fuel, and attention was directed there to secure the cutting of the largest possible cordage. This work was under the direction of Prof. G. B. McDonald, head of the forestry department of the Iowa State College at Ames. Mr. McDonald visited practically all the counties in the eastern portion of the State, which has the largest percentage of the timber. Mr. McDonald estimates that 3,000,000 cords were cut in 1918 as compared with 1,500,000 cords in the previous year. Pledge cards were circulateil among the farmers and those who signed them obligated themselves to use very little coaL Thousands of these cards were signed and returned to the State office. All of this cordage was secured without in any way impairing the woodlands of the State. CAPT. WOODRUFF ATTACHED TO STATE OFFICE. In the summer of 191S the War Department attached to the office Capt. F. P. Woodruff. His duties were to see that all manufacturing establishments in the State working on war contracts were provided with a suffi- cient supply of fuel, and to provide for Caanp Dodge. Capt. Woodruff was very successful in this work. CONDITIONS SERIOUS. In December, 1 17, the weather became very severe. Transportation was seriously interfered with, and production at the mines suffered in consequence. Calls upon the State office for assistance increased rapidly, and the volume of correspondence became immense. During the months of December, 1917, and January, 1918, approximately 1,000 cars of coal were distributed on emergency orders by the State office. While the situation in Iowa was serious, it was largely confined to certain localities, other communities suffering no hardship. However, conditions over the entire country were very serious, and became much more so after the first of the year, so that on January 17, 1918, Dr. Garfield was obliged to issue his drastic five-day closing order, which suspended industry for that length of time in the eastern portion of the United States. Certain restrictive measures were also adopted in Iowa to help relieve the situation. These measures consisted chiefly in the late opening and early closing of stores, lightless night orders, and requests for the union of church services. After the latter part of January the weather moderated, and conditions improved; as the restrictive measures were no longer necessary, the}- were removed. THE ZONE SYSTEM. Profiting by the experiences of the winter and realizing that some different method of distribution must be adopted or our fuel program would fall seriously short, the National Administration at Washington devised what was called the "Zone system." The object of the zone system was to confine within certain definite areas the production of certain mines. It had been disco\ered that one of the chief causes of the coal shortage was directly traceable to transportation, the railroads having insufficient equipment to take care of the de- mands made upon them. Under the zone system long crosshauls were eliminated and millions of car mileage saved. This zone system as related to Iowa limited the southwestern part of the State exclusively to Iowa, southern and western coals. Illinois coal was permitted to move into the whole State with the exception of the south- western section. The territory north of the Milwaukee was permitted to receive coal from the docks. Neces- sarily the zone system as it affected Iowa was a radical change in the ordinary methods of distribution, and it made it necessary for many peoi)le to burn coals with which they had had no previous experience, and in some cases to burn inferior grades. It was realized, however, that it was a necessary war measure, and very little objection was encountered, the greater part of the public accepting the hardship, in cases where it was a hardship, philosophically. IIQ EEPORT OF ADMINISTEATTVB DIVISION. THE ANTHRACITE SITUATION. The hard coal situation in 1918 was very difficult. The administration at Washington first decided that the entire State of Iowa should be embargoed against anthracite, but later the order was modified sufficiently to permit anthracite to move to points on and north of the Illinois Central, to the extent of 145,000 tons, which was 80 per cent of the tonnage received during the season of 1916-17. An effort was made to secure hard coal for the entire State, but the anthracite needs of the whole country made such an allotment as this im- practicable. The allotment was given to the State late in the season and it was well along in October before shipments began to come through with regularity and in any quantity. South of the Illinois Central thousands of people were obUged to modify their heating systems to bum bituminous coal. During the summer months an intensive campaign was started by the State office for the purpose of getting as large storage as possible before the winter months began. A very considerable degree of success attended this effort, and by far more coal was stored than ever before in the history of the State. This fact combined with exceedingly mild weather during the fall found the State well prepared for what- ever might develop when the armistice was signed on November 11. Even had the war continued, there is every reason to beheve that there would have been no fuel shortage in Iowa during the winter of 1918-19. Yours, very truly, Chaeles Webstee, Federal Fuel Administrator for Iowa. Waucoma, Iowa, December SI, 1918. IOWA. Name. Webster, Charles STATE ADVISORY BOARD. Muse, W. r Toy, James F... Powell, James.. Canflcld, F.A.., Hughes, J. J Holbert.Fred.. Clarke, Charles. Johnson, K.C.. STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Schneider, Fred W.. Adams, H. L Faber,r).C Hughes, William H. Hardie, William Q.. Stam,T.R Holbrook, K. H McDonald, G. B Barnes, Louise M . . . Bleiweiss, Aime Cousins, LUhan Hull, EuthR Lewis, A. Ethel McConaughy, Leta. . Middaugh, Ruth Ness, E. Pearl Potter, M. A Price, Marie Eider, Mary Title. State fuel administrator. Executive secretary. . Legal advisor Consulting engineer. . Special inspector Production manager. , Special agent Chief of conservation. Forester for Iowa Stenographer do do do do Chief clerk Stenographer do Private secretary Stenographer Typist Official station. Des Moines . Mason City Sioux City Ottumwa Cedar Rapids . . Council Blufls.. Greeley Des Moines Dubuque Des Moines . do do do Boone Des Moines . ....do .....do do do do do do do do do do , do , do Home address. Des Moines. Mason city Sioux City Ottumwa Cedar Eapids . . Council Bluffs.. Greeley Des Moines . . . . Dubuque Des Moines ....do Ames Des Moines 610 State Street, Boone West Union Cedar Rapids 1508 East' Tweif'thStree't.'! Des Moiues Waucoma 1426 Twenty-sixth Street. . Des Moines do do do do do do Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V s V V Served. From- Sept. 28,1917 Sept. 28,1917 do ....do ....do ....do do do do Nov. 1,1917 Dec. 11,1917 Nov. 15,1917 July 15,1918 Sept. 16,1918 Nov. 7,1917 Dec. 15,1917 Feb. 20,1918 Aug. 20,1918 Nov. 6,1917 Oct. 16,1917 Sept. 10, 1918 Nov. 1,1917 do Jan. 29,1918 Nov. 1,1917 Nov. 5,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 Dec. 20,1917 To- Apr. 5,1919 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 17,1919 Feb. Feb. Jan. Jan. Feb. Feb. Dec. Jan. Mar. Mar. Jan. Apr. Jan. July Mar. Apr. 22,1919 27,1919 6,1919 1,1919 15, 1919 25,1919 15,1918 15,1919 31, 1919 15, 1919 15,1919 15.1918 15, 1919 1,1918 16, 1919 1,1918 FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. IOWA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES. Ill Name. Ames . . ....do. do. Atlanti".. ....do... ....do... Boone.. do. do. CITT PDEL COMMITTEES. Ames: Sheldon, Parley Ciirtiss, Chas. F Campbell, J. A Atlantic: Goflf, J.D Jones, J. B Hope, David Boone: Goeppinger, F. Louis.. Goodykoontz, W. W... Menton, T. P Burlington: MiQard, F. A Edgar, G. P Canny, Frank Gregson, Thomas Carrol!: Wtiefiji w. T. Do. Creath, F.'C Northboro .. ..do Do. Johnson: Jefferies, J. F Do. Palo Alto: Mulroney, Peter Mallard Graettinger Emmetsburg... Remsen Kingsley Akron Kessler, H. H. Solon Do. Lone Tree Anamnsa Monticello OxfordJnnctioD. Sigoumey — .. Bichland. What Cheer Suss, J. A Do. Beebe, H. W Do. Schoonover, George L... Stabler, F. P Plymouth: Faber, M. R Do. Do. Keokuk: Smith, Ray A Do. Engle, R. D Le Mars Pocahontas Fonda Do. Elton, W. S Pocahontas: Ommmpiv J, A Schott, Robert Do. Linna". f^. F, Do. Olson, 6. F Laurens Macedonia McClelland Avoca Do. Dingley, Frank. . .„..do.v:;::::: Pottawattamie: Dye, WUloughby Dickinson, L. J do do Do. Do. Lee* Keokuk West Point Montrose Marion. Mount Vernon. Marion Jenks.'j. H Do. Jay, C. R Poweshiek: Mnninin^ Pnhort Deep River Malcom Grinnell Deep River Ellston Do. Eisele,J.'F Do. Linn: Mar. E., chair- man. Knight, W.J Bemev, Peter, sr Gleen, J. R Butler: Case, Frank W., chair- man. Chase: Breese, A. M., chairman. Gillespie, Geo. E ., cliair- man. Grimwood, W. H Blackshere, H. R Official station. Independence Parsons . ....do.. Tola Humboldt. . La Harpe . . Moran Savonburg. Gamett .do. Lewis, J. W Holmes, J. A , James, Earl Stone, J. M Blackburn, W. R Chautauqua: Frazier, S. H^ chairman. (Tohnson, C. P Kerby, W. J Houston, C. C Pope, J. M Wilson, E.E Cherokee: Tate, Jno. W^chairman. Vanzant, P. W Chevenne: tJpliager, J. E., chair- man. Clark: Carson, W. G., chairman. Ramsey, Ed — Stewart, H.J Clay.- Williams, P. L., chair- man. McKenna, J. T., chair- man (successor). Westphalia . Kincaid Harris Colony Greeley^. . .. Atchison ....do do Huron Muscotah Lancaster Effingliara Atchison Volun- teeror salary. Sharon. Kiowa Medicine Lodge. Hazelton Great Bend... Pawnee Rock . Olmitz Hoisington Claflin Ellinwood . . . . Albert Fort Scott. .do. .do. .do. Fairview. Morrill Hiawatha. Horton — Robinson. . Eldorado.. Cotton wood Falls. do Cedar Point Cotton wood Falls. Strong City Elmdlle Clements Saflordville Bazaar Sedan Peru Wauneta. . Elgin Hewtns. . . Cedarvale. Galena Columbus. St. Francis. Ashland . . Minneola. Sitka Clay Center . do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Nov. 4,1918 Nov.- 15, 1917 ....do Pec. 7.1917 .do., .do., .do., .do.. XoY. 15,1917 July 25,1918 Nov. 15,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do Not. 14,1917 do do ....do ....do ....do do do Dee. 10,1917 do do do >:ov. 14,1917 do do do do do do Nov. 21,1917 do do do Nov. 14,1917 do do do do do do Aug. 15,1918 Nov. 14, 1917 do ....do ....do , ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Nov. 15, 1917 ....do Dec. 31,1917 Nov. 24,1917 do do Dec. 18,1917 Aug. 14,1918 To- Mar. 1,1919 Do. To. Mar, 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. July 25,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 15,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 14,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Name. COUNTrlFUEL COMMITTEES— oonttaued. Clay— Continued. Rankin. V. H Myers, W. H Morton, H. J Stillman, C. C Cloud: Da\des, Chas. B., chair- man. Jordan, J. P Sawhill, R. M Palmer, Geo Mallo, Geo Reid, Frank Johnson, J. D Coffey: Hammond, F. R., chair- man. Brown, H, J Lewis, T, L Chamberlain, T. S...... McDuffle, C. H Comanche: Overstreet, J. J., chair- man. Woodward, O. D Wall, Perry Cowley: Patterson, C. H., chair- man. Likens, S.J Durham, O. R Henderson, J, M Shrader, L. T Coflry, F. C Ravenscroft, L. R Elliott, Chas McDougal, D. D Llghtstone, W. H Crawford: Cassin, Jas,, chairman... Hess, Lewis.-. Wilkens, Jas Turkinton, Jno Hoyt, E. B Baxter, Norman Decatur: Keys, Geo. W., chairman Dillman, E. E Love, J. R Benton, H. H Woods, Tim Smith, A. A Bowman, B. S Dickinson: Sterl, G. C, chairman... Sterl, W. M., chairman.. Doniphan: Leland, E. S., chairman. Dishon, FranJc Larzelere, R. H Perry, A. L Kelley, J. P Heeney, Ed Douglas: Bailey, E. H. S., chair- man. Mitchell, J. H., chairman Olln, A. S Manley, R. C Dinsmore, Paul Gorrill, ,W. R Peeks, Chas Edwards: ■Ely, Bey, chairman Erickson, Lawrence Malin, J. W ; Miller, Lyman Voran, Joe Ferguson, A. L Elk: Russell, Bert, chairman . Denton, A, A Hill,E. P Adams, Fred Call,G.L Ellis: Lewis, W. A., chairman. McMahon, Jno Brumgardt, Andrew Ellsworth: Danner. C. L., chairman Woods, W. E Cowie, D. B Melchert, Fred Weightman, Jack Fowler, A. E Allen, William Finney: Vance, C, E,, chairman Official station . Idana Wakefield... Orcon Morgan ville . Concordia... Jamestown. Glasco Miltonvale . Aurora Clyde Hollis Burlington. Gridley Lebo Leroy Waverly . . Coldwater. Protection. Wilmore . . . Winfield . Atlanta Udall Burden Dexter New Salem . . . Floral Wilmot Rock Arkansas City. Girard Helper Walnut... McCune... Pittsburg . do.... Oberlin Traer Cedar Bluffs. Norcatur Kanona Jeimings Dresden Abilene . ....do.. Troy ....do Wathena Troy White Cloud . Severance Lawrence . ....do... ..-.do... ....do... ....do... ....do... Baldwin . Kinsley . . . Oflerle.... Ijewis Fellsburg . Belpro Traesdale . Howard... Grenola . . . Elk Falls. Longton . . Howard... Hays Ellis Victoria. Wilson Ellsworth., Kanopolis. Lorraine . . . Holyrood . . Langley.... Carneiro... Garden City... Volun- teer or salary. Served. From- Dec. 18,1917 ....do To— do do Nov. 13,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do Dec. 8, 1917 do do Dec. 11,1917 do do do do do do do do do Nov. 17,1917 do do do do do Nov. 15,1917 do.. do do do do do Nov. 16,1917 Oct. 23,1918 Nov. 15,1917 do do do do do Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 16,1917 do do do do do do do do do do Nov. 14,1917 do do do do Nov. 16,1917 do do: do do do do do do do Deo. 1,1917 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 23,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, 118 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. KANSAS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Ford: Kelso, John "W., chair- man. Fancier, K. A., chair- man Csuccessor). Kliesen, Mrs. W. P.... Anderson, M.J Smith, C. E.'. iVtosBiey, C. E Leidiffh, Harry Trexlar, Chas. E Lutz, Joe Franklin: Wnlt, O. O., chairman. Fisher, Geo Needham. B Tullous, W. G Pendleton, Ed Huddleson, Jno Davifl, Jap Geary: Trotf , Loring, chairman Maniey. Chas Morris, L. B Diirland, F. L LaShelle, E.J Mead, Ben Gove: Trimmer, A. K., chair- man. Flora, Joseph Goetz, Jos. P Heiney, W. J Weir, A. M Royer, Geo. D Graham: Mullaney, E. E., chair- man. Kay.D.C Summers, Hattie Sproul, B.C Grant: Towler, E. F,, chairman. Kepley , Austin Stuart, E. O Alger.C. D Fmley, J.C Gray: Luther Forrest, chair- man. Pay, Emery Fickertt, Earl Studevant, Chas Elliott, Wm. P Greeley: Glenn, Wm., chairman.. Greenwood: Tucker, H. D., chair- man. Smith, Bert Prichard, C. D Carrithers, B. H Lovett, C. E Thrall, L. A Bruest, J. F Hamilton: Yaggy, Samuel, chair- man. Harper: Jennings, L. G., chair- man. Dryden, H. D Melvln, Wallace Schmidt, C. A Kille, J. G Jacks, F. W Sturdevant, Trueman. .. Krider, Henry Crow, Julius Harvey: Nicholson, J. C, chair- man. Htnkle, G. A Daily, W. L Foster, C.L Weede, Chas Northcott, B. H Dunkleberg, Jerry Hurford, A. E Nve. E. E Haskell: Patrick, J. S., chairman. Stanley, L. O Murphy, F. E Hodgeman: Wilson, Eoscoe, chair- OfBcial station. Dodge City. do do do do do Spearville... Bucklin Fowler Ottawa : Le Loup Lane Eantoul and Imes. Eichmond Pomona Williamsburg . Junction City . do do do do do Gove., Quinter Park , Grainfield. , Griimell Gove Hill City. Morland. Penokee . Bogue ~^e"v Ulysses . do ....do ....do ....do Cimarron. Ingalls Monlezuma. Enslen Copeland Tribune Eureka. Reeoe Fall River. Climax Madison... Hamilton. . Severy Syracuse. Anthony. , Harper Danville... Freeport... Attica Duquoin... Bluff City., Waldron... Crisfleld.... Newton. Halstead... Biu-rton Sedg^viek. . Walton.:.. Hesston Newton ....do ....do Santa Fe. . Satanta... Sublette . . Jetmore. Volun' teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 18,1917 Oct. 18, 1917 do do do do do do Dec. 13,1917 do do do do do , do Jan. 3, 1918 do ......do do do do Nov. 15, 1917 .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Dec. 10,1917 do do do Nov. 17,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do Nov. 20,1917 ....do ....do.. ....do -...do To— Dec. 10,1917 Nov. 14,1917 ....do do ..do ..do ..do ..do Nov. 14,1917 .do. ..do. do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ....do ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. do. ...do. ...do. ...do. .do. .do. .do. Nov. 21, 1917 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. To. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES- continued. Jackson: Eafter, De Vere, chair- man. Hobbs, F. W., assistant chairman. Graham, H. F Hinnen, John, jr , Beck, W. T Lunger, V. J AVood, Thos Linn, H. J Pettijohn, W. R Roller, M. H Moore, A. E Jefferson: Rindom, M. E., chair- man. Butler, Herb Griffin, B.J Beebler, Paul Root, Jess Jeffries, Dan Cain, W. E Jewell: Hart, Senator J. S., chairman. Johnson. Oscar. ^ Burchinal, I>. L Rodgers, J. Johnson: Keepers, J. C, chairman. Mays, Chas Coker, Ed Haskins, Harley Kellogg, Percy Williams, Irw'm Patterson, W. R Pincomb, Chas Craig, H. O ICeamy: Eves, D. L., chairman.. Futhey, J. F ICingman: Alexander, S. S., chair- man. Welch, Ben Sutton, W. P Ferguson, J. E Ha.skms, H. E Kiowa: Underwood, O. G., chair, man. Lyon, H. M., chair- man. Sidener, A. B White, H.D Johnson, A. M Unger, P. E Labette: Gossard, O., chairman.. Whitby, W. G Holton. J. F Lane: Simmons. J. A., chair- man. Leavenworth: Gilman, Jolm M,, chair- man. Faulkner, J. F., chair- man. Seitz, John C, chair- man. Lincoln: MoFarland, E. A., chair- man. Swaze, A. W... Peats, J. J Buzicfc, H. S., jr Moore, J. H., jr Morganson, A. F Linn: Taylor, C. E., chairman. . Walton, Harold", chaur- man. Cunningham, Leslie, chairman. Logan: Porter, C. C, chairman.. Lyon: Plumb, Geo., chairman, man. Parker, S. N WiUde, J. E Hyde, J. H ; Gibson, J. S Johnson, Chas Voeste, T Talbot, Ben Official station. Holton do do do do Mayetta Whiting.... Soldier Hoyt.. Circle^^Ile.-. Delia Oskaloosa. Norton ville . , Valley Falls.. Mcriden Ozawkie McLoulh l^erry Randall. Burr Oak. Formoso . . Mankato . . Olathe Edgerton... DeSoto Lenexa Stanley Spring" Hill. Stilv.'ell Overland... Gardner Lakin Deerfield. Kingman . ....do ....do ....do ....do Greensburg. ....do MuUin ville. Haviland . . Wellsford . . Eelvidere.. Oswego . . Chetopa. Edna Dighton. . Leavenworth. , Lansing Leavenworth.. Lincoln. Barnard Beverly Sylvan Grove . Ash Grove Vesper Pleasanton.. Prescott .do. Eussell Springs, Emporia ...-do ....do Reading Americus . . Hartford... Olpe Plymouth.. Volun- teer or salary. Served. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Krom- Nov. 14,1917 Jan. 29,1918 Nov. 14,1917 do do do ....do ....do do ....do ....do Oct. 1, 1917 -...do -...do...:.. ....do ....do ....do ....do To— Nov. 15,1917 do do do Nov. 21, 1917 do do do do do do do ....do Dec. 14,1917 ....do Nov. 21, 1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do Nov. 14.1917 Nov. 14,1917 ....do ....do ..-.do Nov. 16,1917 ....do ....do ....do Nov. 20,1917 May 6, 1918 Sept. 25, 1918 Nov. 15,1917 .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. Nov. 21,1917 Apr. 8,1918 Oct. 18,1918 Jan. 3, 1918 Nov. 14,1917 .do .do .do .do .do .do .do Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. May 6, 1918 Sept. 25, 1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 8, 1918 Oct. 18,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 119 KANSAS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. Volun- Official stotion. teeror COUNTY PCEL COMMITTEES— continued. MePlierson: Grattan, Jno. M., chair- man. Johnson, Dr, H. G Marion: JoliSe, Orlando, chair- man. Corle, Geo Leonard, H ..-.- Myers, I. E Evans, J. E i Marshall: ' Delaney, M., chairman..! Meade: Johnson, Fred, chairman Fuhr, Frank, chairman. Comback, A. B Howard, N. L Miami: Robinson, Geo. L., chairman. Underbill, Willis King, Dr. J. W WoUe, Clyde McNelly, Chas Dedrlck, Elmer Mitchell: Conroy, P. J., chairman. Buist, F. J Mueller, E. C Pound, E. F Shanks, Thos McCauley, Frank. . Montgomery: I Bickett, C. T., chairman.; Brady, Jas. X Laury, Leo. W ; Eequa, A. G ■ Davis, L. M Morris: Snider, R. V., chairman. Yadon, Thos., chairman. Peterson, F. O Hodson, Wm Jacobs, A. W Davis, Frank Deitch, Alex Benson, F. J Parker, Geo Nelson, O. H Morton: Blackburn, W. J., chair- man. Williains, Perry C Stewart, M. E Anderson, G. G Welsh, D. S Nemaha: Emery, R. M., jr., chair- man. Wheeler, R. L., chair- man. CoUms, A. J Ciolllns, Edgar Fritzwater, A. H Woodworth, J. E King, Brick Neosho: Resler, C. D., chairman. Gray, W. M Gasten, Geo Eagles, Ed O'Bryan, W. W... Harper. W. O Hunt, J. A Anderson, Roy Denton, J. F George, James Yockey, C. C Ness: Lundy, P. W., chairman. Cole, Leslie Rmely, S. L Preston, Hilda Shellenberger, C. J Newcomer, Carl Norton: Simmons, Willard, chair- man. Jeter, E. E Woodward, Roy Curry, Byron Bryant, H.S Smiley, Carl Hlxon, Geo. V Os&C6 * O'Neil, T. J., chairman.. Bolton, Chas Pringle, Jos McPherson.. Lindsborg.. Pcabody Florence Burns Marion Lost Springs ... Water\'ille Fowler. . Meade.. Missler.. Plains.. Paola. Fontana... Hillsdale... Buoyrus . . . Louisburg.. Beloit CawkerCity.. Tipton Glen Elder Simpson ScottsviUe Coffeyville Cherryvale — Independence. Caney Elk City Council Grove. ....do Burdick Delavan Wilsey Dunlap ParkerviUe Dwight Latimer White City.... Elkhart. Rolla Wilburton. Elkhart.... do Seneca do.-.. Sabetha. .. do.... Gofl Coming... Centraua.. Chanute do Erie Thayer St. Paul Stark Galesburg Eimbal South Mound . Earleton Urbana Ness City. Bazine — Beeler Arnold Ransom... Brownell.. Norton. . Lenora Edmond.. Almena... Calvert Oronoque . Clayton... Osage City.. SCranton — Burlingame . V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From — Nov. 14,1917 .do. Nov. 17,1917 .do., .do., .do., .do.. Dec. 10,1917 Nov. 15,1917 Oct. 4, 1918 Nov. 15,1917 do Nov. 14,1917 .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. Nov. 15,1917 do do do do do ! Nov. 14,1917 do , ..do ..do ..do To— Nov. 15,1917 Nov. 15,1917 do ....do ...-do ....do .-..do , ....do , ....do .do. -do. -do. .do. .do. Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 4, 1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 16,1917 Sept. 9,1918 Nov. 16,1917 do do do , do , Nov. 14,1917 do , do , do do do do do do ....do do Nov. 22,1917 do do do ....do ....do Nov. 15,1917 -do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. Nov. 14,1917 do ....do Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Osborne: Walker, B. P., chairman Ottawa: Gallord, Roy, chairman. Richards, Will Sept. 9,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nelson, j'. H Emory, N.C Kreamer, J. H Pawnee: Doerr^ Senator A. .\., chairman. Reed, H. H Slopakc, R. C Yeager, Ralph Griffith, Elmer Phillips: Cogswell, S. E., chair- man. Troup, A Granger, R. C Conantz, H. J Bethke, H. A Deyoimg, D. A Culbertson, L. G Hull, Chas Pottawatomie: Bittman, Geo. M., chair- man. Dunn, J. W Miller, W.E Davis, Frank Richardson, Geo. F Andrick^ Ed Oshea, R. B Rhodes, J. W Bartley, J. M Pratt: Hopper, C. A., chairman. Rawlins: Malone, James, chairman Walsh, David, chairman Dunker, H. F Short, J. T Chester, Mel Schramek, Frank Lyman, Edwin G Reno: Thompson, W. S., chair- man. AUman, E. O Hemengway, Ralph . . . Hinshaw, J. N Yust, Geo. H Humphrey, J. E Hornbaker, Chas Field, F. C. Taylor, H.H Haskard, W. E Taylor, Robt ! Republic: Ward, R. B., chariman Bramwell, Glenn Bringham L. M Wertz, J. W Blosser, Quincy Anderson, Jno. A Rice: McNair. M. B., chairman Burke, W. H Wallace, Dr Gage, W. D Riley: C. M. Breese, chairman. . Sheldon, J. Q. A., chair- man. Rooks: Rlseley, Chas., chair- man. .A.dama, Wm Bedan Art, jr Farrish, J, L Rush; Pittman, Lloyd, chair- man. Russell: Laing, H, M., chairman McKeen. D. E., chair- man. » Sloan, J. W Reif, A. C Vrooman, Jno Markley, J. B Ford, E. A Wood, J. D Sperry, C. A Saline: Blunden, F. D., chair- man. OlIiiMi'l Million. Osborne Minneapolis Delphos Bennington Tescott. Ada Larned .---do.., Garflcld- Rozcl . - - Burdett- Kirwiii- - Logan I'hillipsLurg- - Glade Stuttgart Prairie View.- Long Island- - - Speed Waniego - Onaga St. Marys St. George Westmoreland. Wheaton Blaine. -" Olyburg Fo'toria Pratt- Herndon.-. Herndon. - . Ludell Atwood BlakemaT-. Beardslev-. McDonald. Hutchinson - Turon Haven Plevna Sylvia Nickerson Castleton Pretty Prairie- Buhler & Med- ora. Partridge -■Vrlington Belleville.. ....do Cuba Republic- - Norway- . . Narka Lyons Little River. . Chase Gcneseo \'ol I cor or , - Served. Manhattan, .--.do Stockton- Plain villc . Damar Palco LaCroa-sc . , . Russell-. do--. Gorhara Dorrance Lucas Luray Waldo Paradise Braiker Hill. Salinu V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V y V V V V V V V V V V ^• V V V V V From— To- Jan. 24,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Nov. 15,1917 Do. ....do Do. ...-do Do. ...-do Do. .-..do Do. Nov. 16,1917 Do. ----do Do. --.-do Do. .--.do Do. .--.do Do. Nov. 15,1917 Do. -..-do Do. ....do Do. ....do Do. -...do Do. ....do Do. ....do Do. ....do Do. Dec. 3, 1917 Do. ....do Do. ....do Do. ..-do Do. -...do Do. ..-do Do. ....do Do. ....do Do. ....do Do. Nov. IS, 1917 Do. do Oct. 19,1918 Oct. 19,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Nov. 15,1917 Do. do... Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. Nov. 14, 1917 Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. Nov. 19.1917 Do. • do Do. do Do. do Do. Nov. 1.5,1917 Do. Nov. k;, 1917 Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. Nov. 14,1917 Aug. 14,1918 Aug. 14,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Nov. 14,1917 Do. do Do. do Do, do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. Nov. 15,1917 Do. 120 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIOH'. KANSAS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. Oflicial Ftatinn. Volim- teer or salaTT. Served. From— To— Name. Official station. Volun- teer or Served. From— To— COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES- continued. Scott: Mott, Herbert J., chaiu-- man. Ruth, U. G., chairman., Burt, F.I Barnes, Elmer Eose, A. B Beebe, Lester Sedgwick: ^enrion, W. S., chair- man. Jorgenson, H.J Zirkle, W. E , McCluggage, Todd Grimsley, Wm , Gee. Harry F., chairman. Hyde A. T Hamilton, Geo. H Engstrom, Jno Edwards, W. C Seward: Millman, Ray, chairman. Benson, R. A Shawnee: Mohler, J. C^ chairman., Danner, C. H., chairman. True, O. S Sheridan: Mclvor, Frank A., chair- man. Schultheis, W. F., chair- man. Gaimon, R. P , Sherman: Euwer, E. E., chairman. Horton, F. J., chairman. Smith: Mahin, I. M., chairman, (deceased). Leake, B. E Olsen, Geo Hutchetson, G. C Houseworth, C Derge, E. E Blake, E. J Stafford: Sutton, H. F^ chairman. Watson, A. H Westgate, E. J Kennan, John Charles, Grant Stanton: Plummer, Jno., chair- man. Stevens: Hamby, M. B., chair- man. Sumner: Schwinn, W. W., chair- man. Hammond, R. S PhiUipi, Jno Stewart, Ed Faulkner, Noel Davis, C. W Scott aty.. do Shallow Water Grigsby Manning Modoc Wichita. , Mt. Hope Cheney Valley Center. Viola Wichita Wichita do do do Liberal.. Kismet.. Topeka. do... do... Bishop, S.C. Morse, B.B.. Strong, Fred . Mordy, T. R. Paper, J. L... Hoxie. do.. Selden . Goodland. do Smith Center. Kensington... Cedar Athol Bellaire Lebanon Gaylord St. John.... Stafford. . . . Macks ville. Seward Hudson Johnson., Hugoton Wellington.. Argonia Milan Mayfleld Milton ConwaySprings, Anson Peck Riverdale Belle Plaine.... Mulvane V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 16,1917 June 14,1918 Nov. 16,1917 do do , do , Nov. 14,1917 ,....do do do , do Nov. 15,1917 do ,....do do do Jan. 10,1918 ....do , Nov. 14,1917 ....do Nov. 15,1917 June 19,1918 Nov. 15,1917 Nov. 16,1917 Mar. - 1, 1918 Dec. 19,1917 do do do do , do , do , Nov. 14,1917 do do do do Nov. 16,1917 Dec. 4, 1917 Nov. 19,1917 .do ,.do ..do ..do .do .do .do, ,.do -do .do. June 14,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 June 19,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Mar. 1,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES- continued. Sumner— Continued. Barnes, Fred Stevens, J.J Friend, Geo Beery, T. Elliott, J. L Ellsworth, B. A Bonsall, J. E Cozad, Charles Wood, W.J Pratt, H. E Thomas: Schroeder, Nich, chair- man. Crumly, Ray H , Crumly, Ike W Homey, C. A Christensen, H. V Trego: Harlan, Hudson, chair- man. Bingham, J. H Co.x, Will Mapes, Norman B Wabaunsee: Pringle, Wm., chairman. Thomas, Union Williams, H. R Hardy, C.C Henderson, A. H Strowig, A. R Newell, L.S Wallace: Ervin, W. D., chairman. Corporon, T. A Madigan, Frank Washington: Clark, Samuel,chairman Wichita: Rewerts, Leonard, chairman. Wilson: Wiley, S.H., chairman.. Richardson, R. R., chairman. Wade, Frank C, chair- man. Smith, H. W., chairman. Kimball, CM Sprague, Barl -.... Cook, Henry Hall, Charles Folsom L. E Nichols, R.E Smith, Harrv Brockway, Frank LefEorge, L. A Stafford, C. A Woodson: Bowen, G. E^ chairman. Gardner, T.W Wille, J. H Byington, L. M Wyandotte: Prouty, C. N., chairman. Taylor, Edwin Bowman, W. S Mendenhall, H. A Pfleffer, Geo. M Oxford Dalton Cicero Geuda Springs Ashton Hunnewell South Haven. , Caldwell Corbin Perth Colby, .do. Rexford.-, Brewster. . Menlo Wakeeney. ....do.- Collyer.. Ogallali . Alma AltaVista... Maplehill... McFarland. . Eskridge Paxico Harvesrville. Sharon Springs Weskan Wallace , Washington.. Leoti Fredonia., ....do.... .do. do Neodesha Benedict Roper New Albany,. Coyville Buffalo Buxton Laiontaine . . . Buflvllle Altoona Yates Center. Neosho Falls. Piqua Toronto Kansas City... Edwards ville., Kansas City.,. ....do........ ..,,do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V v.. V V v V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 19,1917 ....do ,...do .,,,do ...,do ,...do , ....do ....do ....do ....do Nov. 17,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do Nov. 15,1917 .do. .do. .do. Nov. 14,1917 do , ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Nov. 30,1917 do ....do Nov. 14,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Dec. 12,1917 Mar. 5, 1918 Sept. 7,1918 Dec. 12,1917 do do ....do .-..do ....do ....do .-..do .--.do .-..do Dec. 10,1917 ....do ....do ....do Nov. 14,1917 .-..do .-..do ....do ....do Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 6,1918 Sept. 7,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. KENTUCKY. SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES OF THE FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATION FOR KENTUCKY SINCE JANUARY 1, 1918. On January 1, 1918, a chaotic fuel situation prevailed in Kentucky, due to the limited coal output, to the unsatisfactory transportation conditions, and to the extremely cold weather. These conditions had prevailed since the middle of November, 1917, and they continued until the early part of March, 1918. In December, 1917, the hardships in Kentucky resulting from a lack of fuel were so great that the Federal fuel administration for Kentucky was compelled to commandeer and divert to Kentucky consumers 485 car- loads of coal, the receipt of which temporarily ameliorated the situation. With these conditions existing dur- ing December, 1917, it can be readily seen that it was impossible for the situation to look much brighter by January 1, 1918. During the months of January and February, 1918, practically every city or town of any consequence in Kentucky called on the Federal fuel administration for Kentucky for assistance in obtaining an adequate coal supply. When the needs were made known, an immediate request for coal was made upon the coal operator from whom the retail dealer or consumer had made past purchases. This method of disposing of the numerous fuel emergencies proved very satisfactory. The Federal fuel administration for Kentucky has thus far, since January 1, 1918, requisitioned approxi- mately 8,000 carloads of coal, which means that an equal niimber of fuel emergencies have been relieved as a result of the assistance of the United States Fuel Administration. Conditions during the critical period, January, February, and part of March, 1918, were such that the United States Fuel Administration deemed it wise to adopt numerous conservation measures. The first and most drastic measures adopted were the so-called "Five-day closing period" and "Heatless Mondays." With very few exceptions these orders were obeyed throughout Kentucky, and it is estimated that a saving of 50,000 tons of coal was accomplished by the observance of the "Five-day closing period," while 30,000 tons were saved as a result of "Heatless Mondays." Other conservation measures, such as "The skip-stop system," "Tag your shovel," "Burn wood and save coal," and "Gasless Sundays," were very successful in Kentucky and resulted in a marked fuel saving. The conservation division of the Federal fuel administration for Kentucky, with the aid of various com- mittees, effected a saving of many thousand tons of coal in hotels, apartments, stores, office buildings, and homes. In addition to this, a 10 per cent fuel saving was accomplished by the industrial plants of Kentucky as a result of conservation, proper operation of power plants, and readjustment of equipment. In the early spring of 1918 the fuel situation in Kentucky became more tranquil, and the Federal fuel administration for Kentucky, acting in accordance with the " Buy-your-coal-early " inovement, urged all con- sumers to store a sufficient amount of coal to last during the winter of 1918-19. The Kentucky consumers endeavored to comply with the wishes of the United States Fuel Administration in this respect. However, the domestic consumers in central Kentucky were somewhat handicapped in their efforts to secure coal during the summer months, as practically all of the coal from their zone of supply, eastern and southeastern Kentucky, was, under orders of the United States Fuel Administration, being forwarded to the territory adjacent to the Great Lakes and to Michigan points. These points were, however, supplied by the 1st of November, ,1918, and since that date Kentucky has, as a whole, enjoyed a comparatively free coal movement. fhe requests, orders, rules, and regulations of the United States Fuel Administration were generally respected and obeyed throughout Kentucky, although a small nimiber of violations occurred. Several offenders were required to make donations to the Red Cross on account of violating the "Lightless night order." Refunds of approximately $5,000 were required of retail coal dealers who assessed against domestic consumers charges for coal in excess of the maximum prices as designated by the United States Fuel Administration. In addition to making these refunds, the offending dealers were required to make donations of approximately $8,000 to the Red Cross and to other charitable organizations. There was much suffering in Louisville, Ky., during the winter of 1917-18 as a result of a natural gas shortage, and, as a precautionary measure, the United States Fuel Administration on November 8, 1918, issued an order directing the rationing of the limited gas supply available in the city of Louisville. Under the terms of the order, as issued by the United States Fuel Administration, each gas consumer in his consmnption is subjected to a maximum of 1,000 feet per day. However, the Federal fuel administration for Kentucky is Vested with the authority to increase the maximum in cases where the circumstances merit such action. Numerous applications have been made to the Federal fuel administration for Kentucky for increased gas allotment, and, in accordance with the merits of the various cases presented, a number of permits for increased gas supplied have been issued. 122 KEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. ORGANIZATION. The organization for carrying on the work of the fuel administration in Kentucky was started on November 7, 1917, and was effected as follows: Executive office: Executive secretary; clerk in charge of distribution; clerk in charge of commandeered and confiscated coal; private secretary to the administrator; four stenographers; bookkeeper and statistician; mail and file clerk. State advisory committee, 8; county chairmen and committees of from 3 to 5 members in each county where necessary, 456; and director of enforcement. On September 1, 1918, the organization for the work of conservation was started and consisted of the following : Office: Administrative engineer and chief of conservation; secretary to chief of conservation; two stenog- raphers; mail and file clerk. State advisory committee, 8; industrial furnace section, 10; conservation committees representing 6 business organizations, 24; conservation committees representing 118 counties in State, 445; shop committees representing 504 industries, 1,421; United States fuel inspectors for the State, 171. Very truly, yours, Wiley B. Beyan, Federal Fuel Administrator for Keittucky. Louisville, Ky., March 1, 1919. Mr. Wiley B. Bryan, Federal Fuel Administrator for Kentuclcy, Louisville, Ky. My Dear Sir: In the termination of the office of administrative engineer and chief of conservation on January 15, 1919, in accordance with advice received from Dr. H. A. Garfield, I beg to submit to you the fol- lowing report covering the work, especially as referring to the bureau of conservation. The organization of this ofiice was started September 1, 1918, and at the present time the organization consists of the following: Executive office, number of employees 5 State advisory committee to administrative enfrineer 8 Industrial furnace section 10 Conservation committees appointed by commercial organizations 24 Conservation committees representing 318 counties in the State 445 Shop committees representing 524 industries 1, 477 United States fuel inspectors appointed for the State 171 Total 2, 140 GENERAL PLAN OF WORK. The organization of the work of conservation was handled through the various committees by means of mimeographed letters covering all the subjects that were to be treated. DISTRIBUTION OF QUESTIONNAIRES AND MAKING INSPECTION OF STEAM POWER PLANTS. The original list as compiled from various sources totals 1,488 plants in Kentucky, but after the lists had been checked and errors had been eliminated the total number of plants to which questionnaires were sent was 1,193, which were classified as follows: Steam power plants using coal as fuel (active) 557 Steam power plants using coal for fuel (temporarily closed down) I7 Plants using coal for heating and process work 3g^ Steam power plants using gas for fuel 26 Steam power plants using wood for fuel 24 Power plants using central station service j^go Plants using internal combustion engines 32 Plants driven by water power a After the reports on questionnaires were received from the above plants it was found that there remained a total of only 557 steam power plants that were in active operation in the State of Kentucky, and an inspection of 383 of these plants was made by United States fuel inspectors. The remaining 174 plants were not inspected on account of the delay of plant owners to send in their reports on questionnaires. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTEATORS. Summary of rating of plants. 123 Class No. Niunber of plants. Average rating of plants. I (SI to 100 per cent) 19 314 198 26 85.4 68.6 53.2 35.5 II (61 to 80 per cent) Ill (41 to 60 per cent) IV (21 to 40 per cent) A' (0 to 20 per cent) Total 557 62.1 ESTIMATE OF APPROXIMATE CONSUMPTION OF COAL USED BY POWER PLANTS AND OTHER INDUSTRIES. The following approximate estimate has been compiled showing the consumption of coal by the power plants and other industries for the State of Kentucky: Total of classified industries 1 , 760, 780 Unclassified industries 479, 220 The estimated consumption nf coal for domestic use. 2, 240, 000 3, 360, 000 5, 600, 000 ESTIMATED SAVING OF COAL. Owing to the short period of tinie covered since the organization of the conservation bureau it has not been possible to obtain, except in a few cases, any definite data in reference to the actual saving of coal as a result of the efforts of the plant owners in cooperation with the recommendations and service rendered by the United States Fuel Administration. However, it is beheved that a conservative estimate based on 10 per cent of the total annual consumption, equivalent to 560,000 tons of coal, would be a fair and reasonable assumption. DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATUBE. The conservation department has taken care of the distribution of posters, bulletins, pamphlets, and othei literature, a large part of which was furnished by the Washington, D. C, office. In addition to the distribution of literature as made through this office, the work of conservation has received other publicity through the medium of the newspapers throughout the State, and also by presenting papers 8ind discussions before engineerrug associations. In conclusion I wish to acknowledge the able support given by Mr. Donald R. Jacob, secretary of conserva- tion, and other employees of the office who have faithfully performed their services. I also wish to take this opportunity of thanking you and your assistants for cooperation in carrying out the work of conservation. Respectfully submitted. George W. Hubley, Administrative Engineer and (Thief of Conservation, Federal Fuel Administration, Kentucky. Louisville, Ky., January 15, 1919. Mr. W. B. Bryan, Federal Fuel Administrator for Kentucky, Louisville, Ky. Dear Sir: Supplementing my report of the 15th instant, I wish to give you additional statistical informa- tion as compiled from the questionnaires on steam power plants. From information given on questionnaires the following data were derived covering a total of 557 plants in Kentucky which were graded. It was found that — 319 plants or 57.3 per cent reported weighing coal. 41 plants or 7.3 per cent measured feed water. 428 plant or 76.9 per cent use feed water heaters. 66 plants or 11.9 per cent use draft gauge. 31 plants or 5.5 net cent use COj apparatus. 92 plants or 16.5 per cent have no damper control. 68 plants or 12.2 per cent have automatic damper control. 170 plants or 30.5 per cent have leaky boiler and furnace settings. 366 plants or 65.7 per cent do not have proper insulation on piping. 218 plants or 38.4 per cent use all their exhaust steam. 240 plants or 41.1 per cent partially use their exhaust steam. 114 plants or 20.5 per cent do not make use of their exhaust steam. 222 plants or 40 per cent have made or will make improvements as recommended by the United States Fuel Administration. Yours, very truly, George W . Hubley. Louisville, Ky., January. 28, 1919. 124 EBPORT OF ADMINISTEATIVE DIVISION. KENTUCKY. Name. Bryan, Wiley B STATE ADVISORY BOARD. AlIen.A.D Covington, E. W Tranics.E. T Gwin,EarlS Halley, S. H Hudson, R.N Putnam, L. R. Vaughan,R. R Anderson, Prof. Paul F . . . Anderson, Prof. Warwick. Bal!:er,E. W Davis, Brinton B . Miller, Frank H... Shepard, JohnE.. Speed, Williams. Wilson, James B.. STATE OrnCE PERSONNEL. Sandman, B. J Allen, Lafon Hubley , George W. . Meyer, Charles C. Seelbaoh, Otto... Hoagland , John H . . Rensenhouse, P. H. Ramage, J. R - Bullock, Joseph Atherton, Carrie M.. Baker, Julia Baechtold, Ruth. Bryant, Maude. :ofe Cofer, Walter.. Ferguson, Mrs. Ora M.. Golden, Blanche Guerrant, M. H — Hopkins, Sarah B. Hughes, Mary J — Jacob, Donald E... Murphy, Mary Louise.. Sowards, G. H Spencer, Gertrude Viard,HelenD Zoeller, Evelyn Title. State fuel administrator. , Member State advisory board . . ....do ....do ....do ....do ...do ...do ....do Administrative en,gineer ....do Advisor to administrative en- gineer. ....do ...do ....do ...do do Executive secretary. Director of enforcement Administrative engineer and chief of conservation. Supervisor of organization Director of conservation in ho- tels. Press representative Inspector (enforcement lightless nights). Inspector, gas division Local representative , oil division. Stenographer Clerk (conservation).. Stenographer do do Bookkeeper Stenographer.. Clerk ,oommandeeredcoal Stenographer File clerk Secretary to administrative en- gineer. Private secretary to Mr. Bryan. Distribution Clerk Stenographer.. do -do.. Official station. Inter-Southem Building, Louis- ville. Louisville Bowling Green. Owensboro Louisville Lexington Louisville Ashland Louisville Lexington Louisville Paducah Louisville. . do Covington.. Louisville. . do Louisville. .do., .do.. .do., .do.. .do., .do.. .do.. Lexington., Louisville. - .do., -do., .do., .do., .do.. .do.. .do., .do., .do., -do.. .do., .do.. .do., .do.. .do.. Home address. Volrni' teer or salary. 713 East Breckemidge Street, Lou- isville. Glenview 1053 Cherokee Road, Louisville. . . 2440 Transit Avenue, Louisville.. Seelbach Hotel, Louisville Louisville.. ....do 734 South Thirty-seventh Street, Louisville. 178 North Mill Street, Lexington. . 716 South Twenty-second Street, Louisville. 242 South Hite Street, Louisville. . 626 East Broadway^ Louisville 214 East Oak Street, Louisville Nashville, Tenn 839 South Fourth Street, Louis- ville. 714 South Twenty-fourth Street, Louisville. 1714 South Third Street, Louisville. 2202 Con/ederate Place, Louisville. . 2116 Maryland Avenue, Louisville. Puritan Apartments, Louisville. . . 2014 West Main Street, Louisville. . Chesterfield Apartments, Louis- . ville. 4705 Southern Parkway, Louisville. Neighborhood House, 428 South- em Parkway, Louisville. 4705 Southern Parkway, Louisville. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V Served. From— Oct. 31,1917 Nov. 15,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do July 26,1918 ...:do ....do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Nov. 8, 1917 Oct. 4,1918 Aug. 30,1918 Nov. 7,1917 Sept. 20, 1918 ....do Dec. 20,1917 Nov. 27,1918 Oct. 21,1918 Nov. 8,1917 Sept. 25, 1918 Sept. 4,1918 Nov. 12,1917 Nov. 14, 1917 Jan. 9, 1918 Jan. 2, 1918 Dec. Oct. Aug. Sept. Nov. Dec. Oct. Sept. 27, 1917 7, 1918 14,1918 16,1918 7. 1917 10. 1917 7. 1918 28. 1918 Dec. 4,1917 To— Mar. 27,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. Sept. Mar. Feb. Mar. 15,1919 30,1918 1,1918 23,1918 31,1918 Dec. 15,1918 Mar. Jan. Jan. . Jan. Dec. Feb. Mar. Nov. 31,1918 11,1919 18,1919 15, 1919 15. 1918 28. 1919 16,1919 25, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To- COXTNTT FUEL COMMITTEES. Adair: Flowers, J. W. ,chairman. Reed, G. R Neat, S. R Allen: Read, A. L., chairman, (resigned). Meredith, R. M., chair- man. Henninger, J. L Welch, E. F Anderson: Lillard, R. H., chairman. Dowling, John E Moore, D. L., jr Ballard: Moore, Judge Sam J., chairman (resigned). Weston, E. C, chairman. Darden, G. B Rogers, N. L Barren: Richardson, Basil, chair- man (resigned). Bradford, F. N., chair- man. Greer, Paul Hatchett,C. H Coombs, W. P Columbia . do.... do.... Scottsville.. do .do. -do. Lawrenceburg ....do do WickUffe., do.... Barlow . . . WickUffe.. Glasgow . . do.... .do. .do. .do. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Feb. 15,1918 do do Dec. 20,1917 Apr. 3, 1918 Apr. 22,1918 do Nov. 22,1917 do do Dec. 1, 1917 Sept. 30, 1918 Feb. 7, 1918 do Nov. 17,1917 Jan. 3, 1918 Jan. 14,1918 do ...-do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 2, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Sept. 30, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Jan. 2, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do, COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Bath: Richards, Jas. , chairman . Ewing, G. C Shrout, Leslie Shrankland, J. W BeU: Roddy, Dr. J. M., chair- man. Reese, Geo. H., chair- man (resigned). Anderson, W. S Hill, L. D Whitaker, J. A GUbert, A. B Boone: Duncan, Dr. E. W., chairman. Rogers, A Bodlnger, John C Carter, R. H Gaines, B. C Bourbon: Thompson, J. H., chair- man. Clay, Sam Collins, John T Hmton, John T Fisher, C.C Owlngsville . do ....do do Middlesboro. . Pineville Middlesboro.. do Pineville do Burlington. . Grant Walton Petersburg E. F. D. No. 1, Burlington. Paris do do do Millersburg . V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 17,1917 Feb. 5,1918 ....do do Nov. 24,1917 Feb. 9, 1918 do do do Dec. 12,1917 Feb. 5, 1918 do do do Dec. 7, 1917 Apr. 19,1918 do ....do .,,,40 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDEKAl, FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. KENTUCKY— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 125 Namo. OfiBoifU station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— Name. Offlpial station. Volun- teer or salary. Servetl. From— COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Boyd: Humphery.A. ^V., chair- man. Smith, John L., chair- man. Meeiii Ernest Prichard, Jerome Magann, C. C CaryeriW. S Boyle: Welsh, G. W., chairman. Tunis, N. K., secretary.. Cheek, J. A Lanier, IkeT Rogers, Augustus Bracken: Byron, \V. A., chairman, Breathitt: Riffle, F. H., chairman. Huflman,H. D Hays,C. W Breckinridge: PiggottjW. J., chairman BaBbage, JohnD Barry, John A Beard, H.M Bullitt: Zimmerxnan, J. R., chair- man. TTathen, Richard Ashland ....do Catlettsburg.. Ashland Catlettsburg.. Ashland Danville. do... do... do... do... Brooksville.. Jackson. do.. do.. Hocker, R. M. Hall. Bert Butier: Willis, G. V^ chairman. Haynes, A. Lr :, Harreld, D. L Caldwell: Koore, S. T., chairman.. Baker, Dr. W.T Kevil, Hon. M. R Calloway: Finney, W. H., chair- man. Rowlett, J. D PhiUipps, E. P Frazier, Conz Falwell, R. H Campbell: Bimer, Wm. A., chau:- man. Blaokerby, J. F Johnson, Claude W Worthington, J. W Nagel, C. W Carlisle: Petrie, Frank S., chair- man. Fetherston, Fred Payne, G. W Nichols, J. F Mosby, R. D Carroll: Schuerman, Henry, chairman. Suetholz, Frank H ■Williams, R.O McCracken, Wm Dean, C. M. Scott, 'Winfleld, chair- man (resigned). Powers, Frank, chair- man. Casey: Montgomery, C. F Christian: Metcalle, J. J^ chairman. Crutchfield, Eldon Keith, W.E Dalton, Geo. D. secre- tary. Wood, A. W Dalton, Gamer E. (spe- cial agent to enforce Monday closing). Clark: Wainscott, G. L., chair- man. CockreU, L. B Haggard, Clay Irvington . . . Cloverport . . do Hardinsburg... Shepherdsville . Bardst own Junction. Lebanon Junc- tion. Mount Wash- ington. Morgantown... '.'.'.'.'.ao'.'.'.'.'.'. Princeton... ....do do Murray ■ ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. Newport. Dajfton Fort Thomas. Alexandria BelleTue Bardwell.. do do do Arlington. Carrollton. . do Ghent Carrollton. . Worthville. Grayson .do. Liberty HopkiiiSTille.. Pembroke Crofton Hopkinsville.. ....do ....do Winchester.. ....do R. F. D., Win- chester. Winchester.... Prewitt, David Walker, D.L., chairman. Manchester 1 Resigned; acted as member from Mar. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V 1, 1918, Nov. 22,1917 Apr. 9, 1918 Apr. 27,1918 do ....do Apr. 11,1918 Nov. 17,1917 Feb. 8, 1918 Feb. 5, 1918 ....do ....do Nov. 21,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Feb. 12,1918 ....do.. Nov. 14,1917 Feb. 1, 1918 do do Nov. 21,1917 Feb. 2,1918 do do Nov. 19,1917 Feb. 6,1918 do Nov. 17,1917 Feb. 2, 1918 Feb. 8,1918 Dec. 7,1917 Nov. 19,1917 do do do do Nov. 23,1917 do." do do Nov. 17,1917 Feb. 4,1918 do do Feb. 15,1918 Nov. 17,1917 Mar. 15,1918 do do do Nov. 17,1917 Feb. 5, 1918 Nov. 23,1917 Nov. 22,1917 Feb. 5,1918 do Nov. 9,1917 do Feb. 2,1918 Nov. 17,1917 Apr. 19,1918 do do Apr. 8, 191B Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 4, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 17,1917 to Feb. 28, 1919. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Clinton: Brentz, S.V. , chairman. . Perdue, J. F., chairman. Booher, W. L Dyer, J^, B Crittenden: Yandell, W. B., chair- man. Moore. A. C Blue, J. W., jr.... Cochran, T. H Bourland, J. C Cumberland: Gibson, Joe H., chair- man. Daviess: Treiz, J. J., chairman s. . Haynes, Gray, chairman. Ewing, S. R Laswell, J. R Anderson, E. B Edmondson: Logan, John A., chair- man. Elliott: Redwlne, V. H., chair- man. Lyon, A. M EstiU: Gaines, V. M., chairman. Land,E. S WiUiams.W. P RiddeU,Hugh Fayette: Bullock, Judge F. A., chairman. MUward, H. K., secre- tary. Porter, J. Sherman, sec- retary. Berryman, C. H Smith, Roger H Combs, Thomas A Fleming; B orders, J. W., chairman. Williams, Jas . L Biddle.Elmo Allen, A.D Floyd: Stephens, C. P., chair- man.i Dingus, W. A., chair- man. Clark, Calvin Davis, G.C Franklin: Rogers, Thos. P., chair- man. Strassner, Chas . F Hoge, S. French , Payne, George L Stewart, Dr. J. P Fulton: Walker, C. L., chairman. Helm, Henry C Johnston,W. A Browder, Joe Fall, Ernest Gallatin: Bogardus, O. A., chair- man. • Carter, H. W Morton, O. P Albany . . do... do... do... Marion.. do. do. do. do. Somerset. Owensboro., do do do do Brownsville.. - Sandy Hook.. do Irvine.. do. do. do. Lexington - do do .do. .do. -do. Flemingsburg. Ewing Cowan Nepton Prestonburg.... do .do. .do. Frankfort. do.... do.... do.... Farmdale . Hickman.. do.... do.... Fulton.... do.... Mountjoy, J. E. Perry, W. P.... Garrard: Warsaw. . Sparta. . . Cflencoe.. Warsaw.. do... , chair- A., Lancaster. do.... do. do. do. Williamstown.. Dry Ridge.. Coilath Mayfleld. do... do... do... V V V V V V V V V V V V ,v V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Kauffman, H. C. man.' Wheeler, Dr. W. chairman. Stormes, J. E Frisbie, F. P Ballard, G. T., jr Grant: Webb, G. S., chairman.. MoAtee, George Huey, Manley Graves: Cousins, H. M., chair- man.' Wickersham, X. B., chairman. Carney, C. L Radford, H.G » Resigned; acted as member from Aug. 13, 1918, to Feb. 28, V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 17 Mar. 26 do do Nov. 19, Apr. 23 do ....do ....do Nov. 17, Nov. 16. Jan. 3l! Nov. lo; do. do. Dec. U. Nov. 20, Apr. 19, Nov. 21, May 20, Apr. 19, do Nov. 21 Jan. 31 Nov. 5, Mar. 27, do, do Nov. 19, Jan. 1, Deo. 1 do Nov. 21, Jan. 21 Mar. 29, do Nov. 19, Nov. 21, do do do ....do Feb. 6 .do .do Apr. Nov. 20, Feb. 2, do do do Nov. 19, Aug. 13, Feb. 5 Nov. 17; Sept. 6, Nov. 23, Feb. 8, Feb. 11 Dec. 4, Apr. 19, do Oct. 30, 1919. 1917 1917 1918 1917 1917 1918 1917 1917 1918 1917 1918 1918 1917 1918 1918 1918 1917 1918 1917 1917 1918 1918 1917 1917 1918 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1918 1917 1918 Mar. 24,1918. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do; Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 30,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 28,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 12,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 18,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. 1918 > Resigned. 126 KBPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. KENTUCKY— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Grayson: Payne, I. B., chairman. Tilford.E. B , Baize, Lawrence Bassett, R.J Green: , Taylor, B.M., chairman Greenup: Webb, M. J., chairman i Taylor, C.F.&^-- Eoberson, S. M Eeeder,S.T Ramey, J. W Hancock: Hale, T. A., chairman.. Lott,B. H Wiles,!. F Hardin; Holbert, G. K., chair- man. Sommers, H. A., chair- man (resigned). Settle, D. L James, H. L Faurest, L. A Keith, C.E Brown, W. T Gentry, R. T. Jones, W. H. Handley, T. A Balllnger. W. E Oliver, W.H Crutcher, W. E Yates, T. E Wiseman, C. L Brown, John Coyle, J. R Heyser, George Cox, A. L Nelson, C. A Richmond, L. E. (re- signed). Harlan: Whitehead, H. F.,chalr- man (resigned). Choate, Wm. W., chair- man. Jones, D. C Jones, W. G Harrison: LeBus, Clarence, chair- man. Dills, Sudle, secretary. . Boyd, J. W Berry, J. B Hart: Altsheler, John, chair- man. Dowling,C. B Rider, W.M Jameson, W. K Franklin, G. H Henderson: Cunningham, John A., chairman (resigned). Hlte, L. P.— member chairman Farmer, H. H Kimmel, S. H Royster, X. R Henry: Sanlord, E. H., chair- man. Miller,H.C Vance, D. L McCarthy, W. A Middleton, T. P Santord, Mrs. R. H Hickman: Kemp, J. M. , chairman. . Ringo, W.M Lamkin, L. L Reid, E.C Hopkins: GatUn, D. W., chairman. Dempsey, J. F., chair- man (resigned). Behne, V.H.... Jackson: Llewellyn, J. R., chair- man. Engle, J. F Colfier.D. G Official station. Clarkson I/eitchfleld . . CaneyTille. . Leitchfield.. Greensburg . Greenup . do... Fullerton. do Russell Hawesville. Lewlsport.. Chambers, . . Elizabethtown ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Colesburg . . . Sonera Nolin Upton West Point. Stephensburg.. Vine Grove . Stithton Rineyville.. St. John Cecilia Long Grove Glendale White MiUs. East View.. Harlan. .do. .do. -do. Cynthlana. .do. .do. .do. Horse Cave.. - Munfordsville. Rowletts Bonnleville--- HorseCave Henderson. .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... New Castle . . . R. F. D., Emi- nence. PleasurevlUe.. Smithfleld CampbeUsburg. Eminence ....do Clinton do ....do Columbus., Madisonville. ....do ....do.. McKee. ..do... ..do... Volun. teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 19,1917 Feb. 2,1918 do do Deo. 13,1917 Nov. 20,1917 Apr. 19,1918 Sept. 18, 1918 Apr. 19,1918 do do Dec. 3, 1917 Dec. 1, 1917 do Dec. 5, 1917 Dec. 10,1917 Feb. 25,1918 Deo. 4,1917 do Feb. 26,1918 Feb. 2, 1918 do Feb. 26,1918 Feb. 2, 1918 do do do do do do do June 14,1918 Sept. 13, 1918 Feb. 2, 1918 Nov. 24,1917 Nov. 18,1918 Dec. 1,1917 do , Nov. 26, 1917 Sept. 5,1918 Nov. 20, 1917 do To— Nov. 19,1917 Apr. 1,1918 do do do Nov. 21,1917 Nov. 27, 1917 Apr. 3, 1918 Nov. 27,1917 do do , Nov. 21.1917 Feb. 6, 1918 do ....do do ....do Nov. 22,1917 Apr. 1, 1918 Dec. 1,1917 ....do •... Dec. 11.1917 Apr. 20,1918 Nov. 23,1917 Nov. 26, 1917 ....do... Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 18,1918 Sept. 17, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 17,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 26, 1917 Apr. 2, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Name. Official station. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Jefferson: Tuley, Philip S., chair- man. McDonald, E. L Struck, Alfred Lyons, S. C Stone, J.C Wolff, Alvln B., assist- ant to secretary. Jessamine; Sears, Fred L., chair- man. Baxter, W.J Smith, W. E Harris, W.D Willis, B.y Johnson; Wiley, Tobe, chairman . Butcher, J. K Blevins, Samuel E Sowards,H. G Rice, Geo. B Spradlln, J. M. (resigned) Kenton; Chase, Chas. C, chair- man. Mcintosh, W. M Rhoads, Way land Knox; Tye, J. J., chairman (re- signed). Evans, E. E., chairman (resigned). McDonald, V. C— member chairman Miles, Jas. M Larue: Hubbard, Chas.. chair- man (resigned). Redmon, C. H Creal, Charles R McGill. Charles N Laurel; Edwards, Hon. D. C, chairman. Begley, W. E Eversole, Abner Lawrence; Vinson, C. R., chairman. Akers, J. W, Louisville. McClure, J. H Bennett, Louis E Chadwick, T. H Lee; Stidham, C. B., chair- man. Jackson, R. B Brandenburg, W. J Haokworth, W. E Pryse, Willie Leslie: Dunn, E. H., chairman. Letcher: Combs, Stephen, jr., chairman (resigned). Hawk, French Whitaker, Dr. Gid Lewis: Pugh, J. R., chairman. . Mann, John Parker, A. H Hammond, C. W Lincoln: Bright, W.M. , chairman, (resigned). Tate.C. E., chairman... Alcorn, S. K Rice, Thos. A SkUes,H. G Hoskins, J. W Li^ungston: Parsons, Jno. C, chair- man. Adams, L. D McDanlels, Wright ... Likens, Albert Sexton, S. E Logan; Scott, J. W. chairman. Bass, S. A Johnson, E.C Conner, Verser Covinstou, G. M ' Morrow, J. F... Bay, J.S '.'■.; .do -do .do .do .do Nicholasville. . . .do.. .do.. .do., .do.. Volun Leer or sai.iry. Paintsville . . do Whitehouse. Paintsville.. HagerhlU Paintsville... Covington ....do Independence. Barboursville. ....do ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Hodgensville. . . ....do ....do do....f London. -do.. -do.. Louisa Richardson. GaUup Buchanan... Yatesville. . . BeattyviUe.. .do .do .do -do Hyden Whitesburg . . -do., .do.. Vanceburg. — do ....do ....do Stanford . ....do ....do ....do Crab Orchard. Hintonville . . . Smlthland ....do Salem Carrsville Grand Rivers . Eussellville. . . do do do do do Auburn V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Nov. 12,1917 do Feb. 7, 1918 Feb. 9,1918 do July 24,1918 To— Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 19, 1917 ....do ....do ....do do Feb. 5, 1918 July 22,1918 Feb. 5, 1918 Nov. 26,1918 Feb. 5,1918 Nov. 17,1917 Feb. 6, 1918 ....do Nov. 19,1917 Feb. 9, 1918 Mar. 1,1918 Aug. 17,1918 Mar. 1,1918 Nov. 19,1917 Apr. 22,1918 Feb. 6,1918 do Nov. 19,1917 Apr. 22,1918 do Nov. 24,1917 Feb. 7, 1918 do do do Nov. 19,1917 Apr. 20,1918 do do do Nov. 29,1917 Jan. 3, 1918 Apr. 20,1918 do Nov. 21,1917 June 1, 1918 Apr. 20,1918 do Nov. 19,1917 July 29,1918 Nov. 23,1917 do do do Nov. 19,1917 Mar. 2,1918 Feb. 28,1918 Mar. 20,1918 Feb. 28,1918 Nov. 19, 1917 Nov. 25,1917 do...... do do Jan. 19,1918 do ' Resigned. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 8,1918 Aug. 16,1918 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 28,1918 Feb. 10,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDEKAIi FUEL ADMINISTEATORS. KENTUCKY— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 127 Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Lyon: Smith, J. M., chairman.. Hodses.J. S Parrish.T.M Sexton, W. A Ordway, G. P MoCracken: Wheeler, Chas. K., chair- man. Utterbach, Jas. C Reeves, R. L Smith, James P Laugstail, George McCreary: Goode, T. 0., chairman.. McLean: Miller, Joe H., chairman. Madison: Wallace , C. C. , chairman . Scruggs, A. F Hamilton, T.K Moberlev, T. J Perry,S. L Magofflu: Prater, J. F., chairman., Higgins, V. M May,W. R Patrick, Chick Marion: Tanner, C, J., chairman. Wathen, John A Beaven, W. B Johnston, W. R.,jr Young, R. E Marshall: Johnson, J. W., chair- man (resigned). Ward , Marvin , chairman . Pace, Grant Probine, J. W Landers, John Martin: Hale, W. M., chairman.. Newberry, J. G Damron, William Mason: Browning, S. Pearce, chairman. Cochran, H, J Miles, H.T Crawford, Henry Meade: Baskett, W. -A.., chair- man. Smith, W. D Erynure, S. R Tobin, William Thompson, A. J Menifee: Weidler, A. C. , chairman. Gose, H. H., chairman... Mercer: Isenberg.J.L. .chairman. Vivion, Grant Carter, Thos. H Baker.J.M UBiu'gin, John Christian,?. H Monroe: Duncan, Dr. R. F., chairman. Chapman, Robert, chair- man. Leslie, J. E GiIl,S.L , Montgomery: Wood,8tanley,chalrman . (resigned). Howard, Lewis G., chair- man. Cooper, J. Clay WoodjS. O Morgan: Archibald, W. D., chair- man. Howard, J. B Brown, Sam C Muhlenberg: Boarfc, Orlen L., chair- man. Nelson: Cherry, E. C, chairman, (deceased). Fulton , E . N^ chairman . Samuels, L. B Dawson, W. J Oilutt, Frank B., jr Eddvville.. ....do do-. Kuttawa. ....do.... Padacah. ..do.... ..do.... ..do.;.. ..do.... Pine Knot. Calhoun.... Richmond . do ....do ....do do Salyersville ...Ido ....do ....do St. Marys. Lebanon.. Loretlo. .. Lebanon.. ....do Beaton. ....do Hardin Gilbertsville. Calvert Inez do... Warfldd . Maysville. .do. .do. .do. Brandenburg. Wolf Creek.. Ekron Guston Vine Grove. Frenchburg do Harrodsburg. do do Sahisa Biu-gin Harrodsburg.. Tompkinsville . ...do ....do ...do Mount Sterling do .do., .do.. West Liberty. Caney.... Wrigley-, Greenville.. Bardstown ....do ....do New Haven V Bloomfleld ' V Served. From— Nov, 19,1917 Feb. 9,1018 Feb. 11,1918 Feb. 1(1,1918 ...dp Dec. 13,1917 Apr. 20,1918 do ....do ....do Dec. 12,1917 ....do Nov. 19,1917 Feb. 5,1918 ....do ....do ....do Deo. 7, 1917 Jan. 7, 1918 ....do : ....do Nov. 21,1917 Nov. 18,1917 ....do Jan. 17,1918 Sept. -1,1918 Nov. 19,1917 Sept. 11,1918 do do do Dee. 26,1917 Apr. 20,1918 Aug. 0,1918 Nov. 24, 1917 Feb. 5, 1918 ....do , ....do Nov. 24,1917 Mav 1, 1918 Apr. 29,1918 Apr. 30,1918 ....do Deo. 12,1917 June 4, 1918 Nov. 17,1917 Feb. 6, 1918 ...do ....do ....do ...do Nov. 21,1917 July 5, 1918 Apr. 20,1918 do Nov. 17,1917 Jan, 18,1918 Feb. 6, 1918 ....do Nov. 24,1917 Aug. 18,1918 June 24,1918 Jan. 11,1918 Nov. 19, 1917 Feb. 5, 1918 ....do ....do , ....do To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Sept. 10, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. June 3,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 4,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Jan. 17,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. • Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY rUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Nicholas: Cole, 0. C, chairman Mathers, W. M Metcalf.n. C Ohio: Holdbrook, Rowan, chairman. K:irk,A.D Tinsley, W. S Oldham: Ireland, Hon. Dick, chairman. Cook, B. Frank Johnston, George E Owen: Rees, Dr. J. F. , chairman Cammack,J. W Martin, J. B Owsley: Garrett, G.W., chairman (resigned). Barrett, D. W., chair- man. Seale, Chas. L Green, T.J Pendleton: Fossitt, G. H., chairman, (resigned). Fossitt, J. E., chairman. Aullck, Everett Rardm, W. M Mullins, Marion Perry: TumbuU, L. B., jr., chairman. Baker, R. D Pike: Chaders, J. E., chair- man. Cantrell, J. C Powell: Whltt, A. T., Chan-man. Keith, L. P Martin, D. W Knox, M. L Pulaski: Gibson, Joe H., chair- man. Smith, Ben D Tartar, Judge R. C Cruze, George Robertson: Osborne, W. J., chair- man. Orme, Howard Bratton, W. J Overbey, Nat Vanhook, Leslie Rockcastle: Pennington, Dr. M., chairman. Wood, H. H Robins, John Amyx, Dr. W. T Poynter, W. M Rowan: Van Antwerp, Dr. H., chairman (resigned). Proctor. W. E., chafr- man (resigned). Cassity, S. 8.— member chairman Carey, J. M., secretary. . Robmson, F. M Day, A. M Russell: Meadows, Jas. M., chaii*- man. Scott: Grover, J. D., chairman. Craig, Henrv, secretary. . Offutt,R. E Thacker, J. W Hambrick, H. G Shelby: Guthrie, C. W., chair- man. Barrickman, C. G., act- ing chairman. Rothchild, Leon Simpson: Covington, J. H., chair- man. Douglass, W. B Harris, W. D Milliken,JohnS.,]r Offlrial station. Carlisle.. do.. do.. Hartford . .do. .do. La Grange Pewee Valley. Crestwood Owenton . do do Boone"ville . do .do. .do. Falmouth. do Morgan Butler De Mossville . . Hazard .do.. PikevUle- Stone Clay City., .do.. Rosslyn. . . Lombard.. Somerset. . .do., .do., .do.. Mount Olivet. Bratton Piqua Kentontown . . , Mount Vernon, Wildie Brodhead Livingston Moimt Vernon Farmers. . . Morehead . ..do.. ..do. ..do. ..do.. ..do.. Jamestown. Georgetown. do do do ....do ShelbyvUle. do do.... Franklin. ....do.... do.... do.... Voliin- Served. salary. From— To— V V V Nov. 21, 1917 Apr. 20,1918 do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. V Nov. 17,1917 Do. V V Apr. 20,1918 do Do. Do. V Nov. 19, 1917 Do. V V Feb. 2,1918 do Do. Do. V V V Nov. 20,1917 Feb. 5, 1918 do Do. Do. Do. V Nov. 24,1917 Mar. 3,1918 V Mar. 4,1918 Feb. 28,1919 V V Apr. 27,1918 Mar. 22,1918 Do. Do. V Dec. 10,1917 Sept. 25,1918 V V V V Sept. 26, 1918 Feb. 5,1918 June 4, 1918 Feb. 0,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. V Nov. 22,1917 Do. V Feb. 5,1918 Do. V Nov. 21,1917 Do. V Apr. 20,1918 Do. V V V V Nov. 17,1917 Mar. 16,1918 do do Do. Do. Do. Do. V Nov. 17,1917 Do. V V V Jan. 31,1918 Feb. 5,1918 do Do. Do. Do. V Nov. 22,1917 Do. V V V V Dec. 15,1917 do do do Do. Do. Do. Do. V Nov. 17,1917 Do. V V V V Feb. 25,1918 do do do Do. Do. Do. Do. V Nov. 17,1917 Jan. 30,1918 V Jan. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 V Feb. 9,1918 Sept. 11,1918 Feb. 9,1918 do Sept. 13,1918 Sept. 10,1918 Feb. 28,1919 V V V Do. Do. Do. V Nov. 23,1917 Do. V V V V V Nov. 17,1917 Jan. 20,1918 do do do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. V Nov. 21,1917 Do. V Aug. 3,1918 Do. V Mar. 23,1918 Do. V Nov. 17,1917 Do. V V V Feb. 20,1918 do do Do. Do. Do. 128 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. KENTUCKY— Continuued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Spencer: Snider, J. W., chairman. Baird, Samuel K., secre- tary. Wells, N. H., secretary.. Shindler, G. B Borles, W. W , Taylor: Jackson, W. M., chair- man. Kerr, J. W Murray, G. V Webb.H.B Murrell, Oliver Todd: Damon, Wm. F., chair- man. Dickinson, W. J Trigg: Lawrence, H. R., chair- man. Rawls, W. G Thomas, G. P Vinson, John R Wilkinson, Felix B Trimble: Barnes, C. E., chairman. Barclay, C. A Heath, Prentiss Pierce, W. D Davis, J. W Unio n; Young, Waller, chair- man. Long, A. R Clements, Sam Yates, George Bastin, Mark Warren: Graham, H. D., chair- man. Oflicial station. Taylorsville... do do do do Campbellsville . -do -do -do -do Elkton. Trenton. Cadiz Cerulean . Cadiz do.... do.... Bedford Milton Bedford Sulphur R. F. D. No. 1, Bedford. ' Morganiield Dekoven Uniontown.. Waverly Sturgis Bowling Green. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V. V V V V V V Served. Nov. 19,1917 Feb. 1, 1918 Aug. 10,1918 Feb. 1,1918 do Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 20,1917 do do...;.... do do do do Feb. 11,1918 do do do Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 23,1917 do do do Nov. 19,1917 Feb. 6, 1918 do do do Nov. 19,1917 To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COXJNTT FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Warren — Continued. WiUoughby, G. A.. Sumpter, W. C Williams, J. Mott Dent, E. G Washington: McChord, W. C, chair- man (resigned). Noe, Robert, chairman. . Duncan, Marshall Wayne: Baker, W. L., chairman. Wilhite, John R Stokes, J. J Rethmeyer, A. W Patton, John A Webster: Moore, J. T., chairman.. Stiman, Jas. T Langston, J. B Henson, S. O., jr Alio way, Frank Whitley: • Keeton, Chas. H., chair- man. Moyers, W. F Bradley, D. B WoUe: Center, G. T^ chairman. Swaugo, R. P Childers, J. E Woodford: McLeod, Field, chair- man. McDonald, Joe, chair- man. Edwards, W. H jr Alexander, Dr. A. J. A.. Cogar, W. B Johnstone, L. S Official station. Bowling Green. do do do Springfield .do., .do.. Monticello.. ....do ....do ....do ....do Clay do:.... do do do Williamsburg. -do., .do.. Stillwater Hazel Green.. Campton Versailles.. ....do ....do Spring Station, Midway R. F. D., Ver- sailles. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 17,1917 do do do Nov. 21,1917 Jan. 148,1918 May 2,1918 Nov. 28,1917 Feb. 6, 1918 do do , ....do To- Feb. 2, 1918 Feb. 21,1918 do , do , ....do Nov. 23,1917 do do Nov. 22,1917 Jan. 24,1918 ....do Nov. 19,1917 Dec. 13,1918 Feb. 2,1918 ....do ....do ....do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Jan. 13,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 11,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. LOmSIANA. ORGANIZATION. The State fuel administrator for Louisiana was appointed October 8, 1917. Instructions as to organization were received about October 15. The State advisory committee consisting of one member from each congres- sional district, except the first and second districts (in which the city of New Orleans is located), which consists uf two members each, a total of 10 members, was appointed October 19, 1917. The local committee for the Parish of Orleans, consisting of a chairman and four members, was appointed about the same time. The mem- bers of the State advisory committee for each congressional district were requested to nominate for appoint- ment the members of local committees in their respective districts, and this organization was completed about November 21, 1918. Arrangements were made for ofiices at 401 to 403 Canal Bank Annex, and a lease contract was signed on October 18, 1917, at $100 per month. EXPENSES. The total expense incurred, including equipment purchased since the beginning of this oflace to December 1, 1918, amounts to $13,027.71. The estimated expenses for December, 1918, are $828.32. ACTIVITIES. The first work undertaken after organization was a survey to ascertain the amount of coal on hand in the dealers' yards, as well as the amount held in storage by industrial consumers. Each coal dealer and each industrial plant was also requested to state in amount the probable requirements of coal. With this information in hand, we were able to determine the locahties and industries where shortage existed, while at the same time we were advised as to surplus stocks of coal. The surplus stocks were called upon later on in the winter and dis- tributed as necessity required. This was done by voluntary agreement, and not by confiscation. GROSS MARGINS. At the request of the local committee for New Orleans, an audit of the books of the principal retail coal dealers was made. Based upon the report of the auditors, uniform retail gross margins were estabhshed for the dealers. These margins were considerably lower than would have been permitted under Publication No. 7. The local committees throughout the State were requested to investigate the margins of dealers, and gross margins were established where necessary. In most cases the margins of profit charged by the dealers were about in line with the margins in effect before the fuel administration took charge; they were less than would 'be permitted imder Publication No. 7. CONSERVATION. The importance of fuel conservation was early realized, and an energetic conservation campaign was started about a year ago. In considering conservation measm'es, it was decided that coal could be saved in three ways: 1. By substituting other fuel where available. 2. By the consolidation or closing down of plants. 3. By improving operating conditions. When the car shortage and insufficient mine output last winter interfered seriously with the coal supply, investigations were undertaken to determine the advisability of substituting wood and other waste fuel for coal. There are a large number of lumber mills hereabout, whose waste product supplied ample fuel for their own boilers and usually a large excess beyond their own requirements. The fuel administration urged the use of this waste wood wherever possible, and some plants did make use of it as a substitute for coal. Unfor- tunately, however, very few plants were able to do this, as most of the lumber mills were situated in the country at considerable distances from other steam producers, and the difficidty in transporting this wood, because of its bulk, practically precluded its general use. The second possibility of saving, mentioned above, was by the consolidation or closing down of industries. There were not very many opportimities for this last winter, without drastic orders curtaihng the fuel supply to certain plants, and for this measure the fuel administration was not at that time ready. The most concrete 122602—20 ^9 129 130 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIOlir. example of accomplishment along these lines was the consolidation eflfected among the ice factories in the city. The ice plants in New Orleans have a combined output of 2,050 tons of ice per day, and during the winter months these plants run at only one-third their normal capacity. About half of these factories were shut down, with a resultant saving of about 25 tons of coal a day. The third means considered for saving fuel was the introduction of better operating methods, and this presented possibilities far greater than either of the other two. It was realized that any campaign imdertaken to reduce fuel waste must be largely educational in its character and must aim to bring about cooperation between owners and operating forces. Therefore, as a first step to bettering conditions, a meeting was called last December of the owners of all of the industrial plants in the city. At this meeting the necessity of coop- eration between owners and engineers was strongly urged, and the owners were requested to encourage their engineers to inake suggestions and improvements, because any savings that could be effected would be finan- cially beneficial to the owners, as weU as helpful in the conservation campaign. The most likely sources of waste were pointed out, and the importance of eliminating waste was strongly impressed on those present. The results of this meeting were very gratifying, as aU of the local industrial plants pledged their support to the campaign of conservation, and a committee of industrial plant managers, to assist in this campaign, was formed. The next step undertaken was to call a meeting of the operating engineers, and to address these engineers on methods of improving operating conditions. Questionnaires were distributed to every plant in the city, asking for certain information which would form a basis for recommending improvements that might be made. A further and more important step to this same end was taken by the organization of a commitee of operating engineers, whose duty it was to visit all local plants and submit a report to the fuel administration on the condi- tions in these plants, and make suggestions for improving these conditions. The recommendations of these in- spectors, after being approved, were mailed to the factory in question, and were scrupulously followed up until a report was received from the owner, advising that the recommendations had been carried out. Of the plants visited fully 85 per cent carried out the recommendations. It is very difficult to estimate the amount of saving that actually resulted from these inspections, but as the plants visited burned over $3,000,000 of fuel per year, and as the returns from plants that were able to estimate their saving showed improvements of from 2 to 30 per cent, it is believed that the benefits derived from these inspections were very large, indeed. This conservation campaign has, within the past few months, been extended to include the entire State of Louisiana, under the program outlined in Washington. The same organization has been continued in New Orleans, and is doing very effective work. In the rest of Louisiana, conservation committees have been ap- pointed for- each parish, and these committees have compiled a comprehensive list of steam plants, so that we believe the present campaign is reaching almost every coal-burning plant in the State. Questionnaires have been mailed to all of these plants, and the returns are being checked by inspectors appointed in each parish. In addition to this complete survey of the steam plants, other conservation measures of considerable value have been introduced. The "skip-stop" system has been inaugurated on the New Orleans Railway & Light Co., with a saving of about 18 tons of coal a day, or over 6,000 tons a year. The sash and door factories, part of which operated formerly on wood waste and part on coal, have made arrangements whereby the use of coal will be eliminated entirely. The office buildings have been requested to maintain the temperature of their buildings at 67°, to close their heating plants at a fixed hour every day, and to shut off heat on Sundays, wherever this measure would not interfere with necessary heating. Most of the buildings have comphed with this request, and it is estimated that this plan wiU save about a car of coal a week. The consolidation of ice plants, which was effected last winter, has been put into effect again this winter. While the information at hand is not sufficiently complete to submit accurate figures on the amount of saving accomphshed, we are confident that these conservation efforts have resiilted in a very large saving of coal. We also believe that the educational campaign which has been carried on during the past year has impressed itself so strongly on the fuel users of this city that the changes which have been inaugurated wiU be continued long after the emergency which made these changes necessary has ceased. Mr. Leo S. Weil was appointed administrative engineer on August 13, 1918. WOOD. As indicated in the report on conservation, the substituting of wood for coal was encouraged in every way possible. A municipal wood yard was established in the city of New Orleans during last winter, at the request of the fuel administration. Several thousand cords of wood were brought into the city and sold at prices just sufficient to cover the cost of the wood and the handling expenses. This wood yard was established at a time when there was practically no coal and very little wood, except at exorbitant prices, to be had by the domestic consumers, and no doubt it prevented considerable suffering. In addition, through the efforts of the fuel administration, a quantity of wood was brought into the city by motor trucks, and distributed to charitable FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATOKS. 131 institutions at cost. The trucks, with their drivers, were loaned without charge. I have the assurance of the commissioner of public property that the mimicipal wood yard will be operated ia New Orleans again this winter. While the city of New Orleans was the only location in the State where a mxmicipal wood yard was established, the various committeemen throughout the State gave valuable assistance in having supplies of wood provided. There is, of cotirse, a large part of the State using wood as fuel entirely; these sections were all provided with the necessary amount of wood for fuel. TRANSPORTATION. Mr. Roy Terrell was appointed manager of transportation on April 20, 1918; he reports as follows: Since the creation of your transportation department, its efforts have been devoted to getting the maximum service out of fuel equip- ment; and in endeavoring to reach this end, due consideration was given the individual and the carriers. We made this office a clearing house, as it were, and invited the dealers to criticize the railroads, and the railroads to criticize the dealers; and in each instance where criticism was made, a careful investigation was instituted and pursued to the end. When a fault was found, a remedy was applied; and I am glad to inform you that in a great majority of cases the most perfect cooperation was shown and an honest efiort was made for improvement. The car days saved fully justified the effort and thought that were given to this work, and the splendid support you gave us was a determining factor in the success of the department; and I thank you cordially. BUNKER COAL. When the retail gross margins were fixed in November, 1917, margins were fixed covering the handling of bunker coal also. It has been necessary to give considerable time and attention to this subject, to avoid delays to ships and delays in unloading coal car equipment. There are three tipples located at this port, two of which are owned by the railroads (Illinois Central and Southern), and one is privately owned by the New Orleans Coal Co., bunker coal dealers. The latter tipple is located on the New Orleans Public Belt RaUroad. The Illinois Central tipple is located at Harahan, several nules above the city; the Southern Railway tipple is located at Chahnette, several miles below the city, whUe the New Orleans Coal Co. tipple is located at Walnut Street, about midway between. Because of the great distance between the tipples, it is necessary to do a great deal of towing in getting the empty barges to the tipple and the loaded barges from the tipples to shipside. Coal is unloaded through these tipples onto barges and carried afloat in the river. Tugboats are employed to tow the barges alongside ships, and the coal is then unloaded by means of coUiers from the barges into the ships' bimkers. There are no practical and economical storage facilities except in barges, and as these barges are continually in service, an adequate amount of coal to take care of the peak demand for bunker coal can not at all times be carried afloat, due to an insufficient number of barges. This has necessitated the carrying of the bunker coal in cars on railroad tracks, and particu- larly has this been the case with the New Orleans Coal Co. To the question of maintaining a sufficient supply of coal to take care of the needs of ships, and, at the same time, of avoiding a surplus accumulation of coal in cars on railroad tracks, has been given a great deal of thought and attention. Numerous conferences have been held, in which the superintendent of terminals for New Orleans, the representative of the United States Ship- ping Board, the port representative of the fuel administration, the manager of transportation and others, to- gether with the State fuel administrator, have taken part. The situation has been handled by diversion of coal to important land industries in one instance, and by stopping shipments from the mines in others; and I am glad to report, although conditions have been vexing at times, by careful watching they have been con- trolled. PUBLICITY. Mr. Fred E. Hamlin was appointed manager of publicity on March 28, 1918. Fifty publicity letters were sent to all newspapers in the State as well as to members of the committees. In addition, a great many special articles were written for the papers in New Orleans. INSTRUCTIONS TO COMMITTEES. In addition to various letters written from time to time to each committeeman, there were sent out to all committees 100 special letters of instructions. These letters also included copies of orders from Washington, effective in this State. ENFORCEMENT. Mr. Robert J. Perkins was appointed director of enforcement September 16, 1918. This office is indebted to the American Protective League, the Department of Justice, and to private individuals for assistance in reporting violations of various orders, particularly the "Lightless nights" violations. Prior to the appointment of the director of enforcement, all reported violations were referred to the United States attorney for investi- gation and such action as was necessary. In this connection I wiU say that the violations were of a minor character, and in most caseB they were committed through ignorance of niles and not from willful disregard of regulations. 132 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. There were a number of complaints of profiteering in sales of wood brought to the attention of this office last winter. WhUe the prices quoted per cord on wood were excessive, the profiteering was brought about particidarly by giving short measurement, in some cases not more than one-third of a cord being sold as a cord. As there were no regulations on wood promulgated by the fuel administration, all cases where short measure- ment was claimed were referred to the district attorney for the State of Louisiana. While no convictions were made, some good was accomplished. LOCAL SITUATION. New Orleans being the largest city in the State, and consuming about one-half of the total amount of coal consumed in the State, the office of the State fuel administrator has had to-deal with, a great many local problems. Consumers, domestic and industrial, have in nearly every instance called upon this office directly rather than through the local committee. It may be said that this office has handled the local situation almost entirely. The local committee has acted in an advisory capacity with reference to gross margins, etc. GENERAL. There were allotted to this State for the coal year beginning April 1, 1918, and ending March 31, 1919, 1,573,000 tons of coal. Based on a careful analysis of figures collected by this office, this amount of coal was thought to be barely sufficient to cover the requirements as compared to consumption in 1917, but information from the statistical division, Washington, indicates that for the period April 1 to September 28, 1918, there was shipped into Louisiana 68 per cent of the allotment for the period. While we have not received the figures on the situation since September 28, we are quite sure that the percentage of shipment to allotment remains about the same. In spite of the fact that we have received only about 70 per cent of our allotment for the period, the ma- jority of domestic consumers have secured their winter requirements; and the industrial consumers are all fairly well protected, and in much better shape than at the same time last year. This leads us to assume that the requirements for coal will be much less than last year, and will come well within the allotment. This con- dition could have been brought about only through our efforts in encouraging the substitution of other fuel, such as wood, and by conservation. From the beginning it has been the policy of this office to apply common sense to interpretation of all orders, the object being to get the results desired with the least amoimt of friction and to merit the confidence of the public, thereby securing full cooperation. Our aim has been to interfere as little as possible, and only to the extent necessary, with usual trade practices and normal methods of distri- bution. All complaints have been investigated promptly, and assistance has been given to each request as justified by the facts. It is felt that our efforts have been fairly successful, and too much praise can not be given to the people for their willingness at all times to comply cheerfully with all requests of the fuel adminis- tration. Respectfully submitted. John G. O'Kelley, Federal Fuel Administrator for Louisiana. New Orleans, La., December 16, 1918. SUPPLEMENT TO THE FINAL REPORT OF THE FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATOR FOR LOUISIANA. Supplementing my report on organization and activities, I beg to quote below from the report of the pub- licity manager on our activities with respect to publicity : Now that peace is at hand, with the so-called heatless days only a memory, the family coal bin well stocked, and, apparently, the work of the United States Fuel Administration drawing to a close, permit my reviewing in brief the publicity work of the last six months At the outset, I believe it would not be improper to take this opportunity of expressing my sincere thanks to you and to the fuel administration staff for their heary cooperation. Whatever success may have come to me or as a result of my efforts as publicity manager for your administration, could not have been attained without your help. You will recall that the publicity department was established in the month of April, primarily to conductwhat was known as the "Order-your-coal-now" campaign. With no advertising fund, our energies were centered on the editorial departments of the dailies and weeklies of Louisiana newspapers. Using material from Wasliington, with interviews and facts and figures supplied by yourself and others of the administration, a ca,mpaign of education was begun. The ministers of the cities were asked to preach or announce in sermons the fact that the fuel administration was trying to arouse everyone to the necessity of ordering during the summer. The 32 New Orleans homesteads were asked to circularize every one of the many thousand clients, persons who were buying their own homes or who were savers and naturally appreciated the efforts of the Government to help them and, above all, to clear the railroads for war demands. The telephone and gas companies adopted "Order your coal now" on their billheads; business houses complied also with our request to use the slogan on their stationery, while merchants of Canal Street distributed thousands of pamphlets and arranged novel window displays. Rubber stamps were made with the slogan "Order your coal now" and for the country "Cut a cord now," the stamps .being' used on envelopes, letters, etc. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTKATOES. 133 Washington issued a small supply of posters, and this supply was supplemented by a large number printed locally at the expense of the New Orleans ctjal dealers. The coal men also made up among themselves an advertising fund, which was spent by them on display advertising. Moving-picture houses have slides on the question of fuel conservation, and efforts are now being directed to teaching the consumer how he can get the most out of that ton of coal which he ordered during the summer. While the war has ended before the people had the chance to appreciate really the value of the fuel administration, I am sure that they understand that they would be in a sorry plight if it were not for the Government's activities. They will not shiver this winter, but I believe they know that if it were not for the fuel administration the price of coal would be almost prohibitive. Respectfully submitted. John G. O'Kelley, New Orleans, La., Federal Fuel Administrator for Louisiana. December 17, 1918. LOUISIANA. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. To- ©."kelley , John G ii" ': STATE ADVISORY BOAKD. Clay, G. W Henry, Burt \\'... Howard, Harry T. State fuel administrator. Perkins, Robt. J Barrett, Thomas C Boagni, E. M Eoknart, Kichard O Floumoy, T. E Gottlieb, J. S. (resign'ed)- Polk, VFm Williams, C. S Assistant, seventh district.. STATE OFFICE PEKSONNEL. Ganier, L. M Perldns, Robert J Saux, Gaston (deceased) . .Terrell, Boy -. tWeil, LeoS Hamlin, Fred E . Aromi, E. J Bierman, Barbara... Biennann, Clara M.. Brand, Norma F Daly, Rose... Gueno, A. J.. Hebert, Elie. Hoey, Consuelo B.. Lilley, Dorothy M. Sallean, Edna S Westerfeld, J. W... CITY OF NEW ORLEANS FUEL COMMITTEE. Newman, Harold W. Flaspoller, H. H Glover, George J MUlsaps, W. E. Perrin, Emile... Weil, Leo S Executive secretary Director of enforcement Director of hotel conservation. Manager of transportation Administrative engineer Manager of publicity. OfBce assistant Mail clerk and typist Stenographer Stenographer (office admiois. trative engineer). Stenographer Office boy.. do Stenographer do do Assistant to administrator. Chairman. Advisory engineer to committee Canal Bank.\nnex, New Orleans 822 Gravier Street, New Orleans. Weis Building, New Orleans Whitney Bank Building, New Orleans. Hennen Annex, New Orleans . , . Shreveport Opelousas do Monroe Baton Rouge Alexandria Patterson J402 Canal Bank Annex, Newl Orleans. j ....do ....do New Orleans 405 Canal Bank Annex, New Or- leans. 402 Canal Bank Annex, New Or- leans. ....do -...do ...do 405 Canal Bank Annex, New Or- leans. 402 Canal Bank Annex, New Or- leans. do do .do. .do. .do- Canal Bank Annex, New Orleans 710 Hibemla Building, New Or- leans. 322 Tchoupitoulas Street, New Orleans. Whitney Bank Building, New Orleans. do Title Guaranty Building, New Orleans. 405 Canal Bank Annex, New Orleans. 1535 Octavia Street, New Orleans New Orleans. ....do ....do ....do Shreveport Opelousas do Monroe Baton Rouge.. Alexandria Patterson 1616 Valmont Street, New Orleans. New Orleans Grunewald Hotel, New Orleans . . . New Orleans 6117 Prytania Street, New Orleans. 4910 Saratoga Street, New Orleans. 3903 St. Claude Street, New Orleans 306 Pine Street, New Orleans do 1311 St. Charles Avenue, New Or- leans. 301 South Pierce Street, New Or- leans. 3225 Canal Street, New Orleans... 234 South Saloado Street, New Or- 1528 Thalia Street, New Orleans.. 6031 Chestnut Street, New Orleans 2823 Baronne Street, New Orleans 1838 Dublin Street, New Orleans. New Orleans. do do .do. .do.. V V V V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V Oct. 8,1917 Oct. 22,1917 ....do Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 22,1917 -..-do Oct. 20,1917 Jan. 8, 1918 Oct. 19,1917 --.do Oct. 20,1917 Oct. 22,1917 Sept. 2,1918 Dec. 16,1918 Sept. 16, 1918 Sept. 16, 1918 Apr. 20,1918 Aug. 13,1918 Mar. 28,1918 Feb. 6, 1918 Aug. 19,1918 Oct. 19,1917 Aug. 26,1918 Sept. 16, 1918 Nov. Feb. 6117 Prytania Street, New Orleans 1,1917 5, 1918 Nov. 12,1917 Jan. 25,1918 July 1,1918 Nov. 7, 1917 Oct. 19,1917 ....do ....do ..--do ----do Oct. 25,1917 Mar. 22,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Mar. 6, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Dec. 15,1918 Aug. 31,1918 Jan. 1,1919 Mar. 15,1919 Jan. 1,1919 Nov. 30,1918 Feb. 1,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 15,1919 June 16,1918 Jan. 1,1919 May 27,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 13,191 FUEL COMMITTEES. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. Name, Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To- From— To— PAEISH FUEL COMMITTEES, Acadia: Pugh, Philip S,, chair- man. Crowley V V V V V V Nov. 9,1917 do do do Dec. 29,1917 do. Mar. 13,1919 Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Do. PARISH FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Ascension: Lemaim, Walter, chair- man. Viokers,R, S Assumption: Dodge, Geo, W,, chair- man. Martin, R. C Donaldsonville. do Napoleonville.. Albemarle IClotzville V V V V V Sept. 5,1918 do Nov. 2,1917 do do Mar. 1,1919 Ducote A V Iota Sabathier, A, J. (re- signed). Allen: Conover, W. B., chair- man. Houston, J. M do Lake Charles... Kinder Do. Do. bo. Winkler, A. E ;. Do, 134 EEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. LOUISIANA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. PARISH FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Avoyelles: Hayden, J. F., chairman. McNab, J.S Baton Eouge: East Baton Eouge— Stover, I. M., chair- man. Connell,W. P West Baton Rouge- Stover, I. M., chair- man. Lefebre, Victor Beauregard: Conover, W. B., chair- man. Morse, Eoy I", (re- signed). Smith, B. H Bienville: Atkins, Darius M., chair- man. Brown, Thos Gofl, W. D...J Thomas, O. G Bossier: Smith, Joannes, chair- man. Dortch, Elam , Henderson, J. M , Nuokalls, John F , Caddo: Barrett, Thos. C , Calcasieu: Conover, W. B., chair- man. Moeling, W. G Caldwell: Cotton, Noah, chairman Meredith, J. J Cameron: Conover, W. B., chair- man. Wakefield, J. A Carroll: East Carroll- Davidson, W. chairman, Hamley, E. J signed). West Carroll — Tatum, B. F., chair- man. O'Connell, M. H. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Alexandria.. Bunlde Baton Eouge. ....do ....do Port Allen... Lake Charles. Ludington... .....do Arcadia Gibsland.. Arcadia.., Ringgold. Benton. . M., (re- Catahoula: Cotton, Noah, chairman. Claiborne: Eiohardson, J. S., chair- man. Allgood, Dr. J. C Wilder, At Concordia: Davidson, W. M., chair- man. Dale, John De Soto: Dowell,R. G., chairman Nelson, L. B Price, Smith Smart, Dr. W. J Evangeline: Plauche, E. A., chair- man (resigned). McCain, Walton, chair- man. Gaty, W. H "■ g,Y.E Feliciana: East Feliciana — West, W. A., chair- man. West Feliciana- Irvine, John, chair- man. Franklin: Cotton, Noah, chairman. Gilbert, T.B Grant: Ferguson, W. K., chair- man. Brownlee, H. A Iberia: Hewes, H. B., chairman. Estorge.Ed. L Pharr, Henry Taylortown..., Benton Plain Dealing Shreveport Lake Charles... do Security. . Columbia. Lake Charles.. Cameron St. Joseph Lake P r o - vidence. Eayville Oak Grove. . Security. Homer... Summerfield.. Homer St. Joseph. Vidalia Mansfield... Stonewall... Logansport.. do Ville Platte. Basile Mamou Ville Platte.... Norwood St. Franoisville. Security. Wisner... Leesville. Colfax.... Jeanerette... New Iberia. Olivier V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 23,1917 do Oct. 30,1917 ....do ....do ....do Dec. 29,1917 ....do ....do Nov. 23,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do do do do Oct. 22,1917 Deo. 29,1917 .....do Oct. 31,1917 .....do Dec. 29,1917 do Oct. 31,1917 do Jan. 16,1918 do Oct. 31,1917 do do do do do Dec. S,1917 do do do Nov. 9,1917 Apr. 20,1918 Nov. 9,1917 do Oct. 31,1917 Oct. 30,1917 Oct. 31,1917 do Nov. 13,1917 do , Nov. 2, 1917 do ....do Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Mar. 1,1919 Do. Mar. 7, 1919 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 5, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Mar. 12,1919 Do. Do. Name. PAEISH FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Iberville: Nadler,Henry,chairman, Schwing, Chas. E., chair- man y-esigned). Rose, L. N., chairman. . Collet, Charles Emde, H.C Obier, O. P. (resigned).. Euhl, G. A Jackson: Cotton, Noah, chairman . McBride,W. J Jefferson: Dossat, R. H., chairman. Boudreaux, John. Vincent, G. J Jefferson Davis: Conover, W. B., chair- man. Ritchie, D.C Lafayette: Moss, N. P., chairman (resigned.) Domengeaux,J.R., chair- man. Flanders, B. F Judice, Geo. L. (resigned). LaFourche: Howell, Judge W. E., chairman. Beary, V. H Nelson, Horace La Salle: Ferguson, W. K., chair- man. Wright,J.B Lincoln: Kldd, E. L., chairman.. Kecny, J. E Smith, W Livingston: Erwin, P. R., chairman. Madison: Davidson, W. M., chair- man. Craig, W.S McLellan, J.T Morehouse: Tatum, B. F., chairman. Wolff, Eugene Natchitoches: Hayden, J. F., chairman. Cook, H. A Orleans: Newman, Harold W., chairman. Perrin, Emile Flaspoller, H. H Glover, Geo. J Millsaps, W. E Ouachita: Frlzzell, R. B.,chairman. Ferguson, L. B Faulk, E.M Arent, Abe Weeks, Geo. O Plaquemines: Livaudais, O. S Fasterling, J. B. (de- ceased). Lestrappes. A. J Pointe Coupee: McFarland, A., chairman. Rapides: Hayden. J. F., chairman. Peel,J.M Brenner, Fred, sr Red River: Thomas, J. T. S., chair- (f* man. '/ Clarkson, J. P Carter, Wm. Paul (re- Ri signed). Wolfson, Ben Eidiland; Bfc Tatum, B. F., chairman. Andlng, J.L Bradley, Ned (resigned) . Stark, T.W Sabine: Ferguson, W. K.,^chair-| P man. '- Ponder, Sllaa Oflicial station. Plaquemine.. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Security... Jonesboro. New Orleans — Gretna. Gretna New Orleans, MetairieRldge- Lake Charles... Jennings. . Lafayette. do.... Youngsville Scott Thibodeaux... ....do.... Raceland . Leesville. Jena. Euston. ....do... ....do... Watson St. Joseph. Tallulah. ....do.... Eayville. Bastrop. . Alexandria Natchitoches.. New Orleans. . .do., .do., .do., .do.. Monroe ....do West Monroe... Monroe ....do New Orleans- English Turn. Buras Volun. tcor or salary, Naomi New Roads. Alexandria.. do do Coushatta.. do.... do.... .do. Eayville... Demi Eayville... Mangham. Leesville. Many V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Apr. 17,1918 Oct. 30,1917 Oct. 30,1917 do do do Oct. 31,1917 do Nov. 8,1917 .do. .do. Dec. 29,1917 ....do Nov. 10,1917 Apr. 17,1918 Nov. 10,1917 ....do Nov. 6, 1917 .do. -do. Nov. 13,1917 ....do Oct. 31,1917 do ....do .do., .do.. .do. .do. Jan. 15,1918 ....do Oct. 23,1917 ....do.. Oct. 19,1917 .do. .do. .do. .do. Oct. 23,1917 do do do. do Nov. 1, 1917 do ....do. Oct. 31,1917 Oct. 23,1917 do; do Nov. 23,1917 -do.. .do.. .do. Jan. 15,1918 do-. dOi do Nov. 13,1917 do Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 16,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Mar. 5, 1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 5, 1919 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1^19 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATOBS. LOUISIANA— Continued. FDEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 135 Name. Official station. PARISH FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. St. Bernard: ' Livaudais, 0. S. man. cliair- St, Roy, Sebastian. Charle: St Caire, E. J., chairman. . . Lorio, George, jr Helena- Holland, W. T., chair- man. St. James: Caire, E. J„ chairman. . . Fiey, Charles Himel, Clairville (de- ceased). St. John the Baptist: Caire, E. J^ chairman. . . Mestayer, B. L St. Landry: Dimmick, Frank, chair- man (resigned). Lawler, J. G., chairman. Danel, Louis L Hlcliey, PhiUp Horaist, G Eeswebber, A. S Plonslty, Jacob St. Martin: Gardemal, L. J., chair- man (resigned). Conrad, Collins, chair- man. St. Germain, L. C Bienvenu, K. H. (re- signed). St. Mary: Himel, Rene H., chair- man (resigned). Morse, Capt. Thos. L., chairman. Shannon, Maurice Young, W. J St. Tammany: Foley, Jonn, chairman. Borey, Herman S Cleveland, H. C New Orleans- English Turn Arabi Edgard.. Moberly. Volun- teer or salary. V V Greensbtu-g. Edgard ] V Eemy i V l^auderdale V Edgard... GaryTillc. Shuteston. Opelousas ' do Eunice Sunset Port Barre i Washington j St. Martin Bf eaux Bridge . do St. Martin . Franklin Morgan City.. do Centerville. Co\'ington... Mandeville. . SMeU V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Nuv. 1,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do -...do ....do ...do Nov. 9,1917 May 1, 191S Nov. 9, 1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do , .-..do Nov. 9,1917 .--.do Nov. 2,1917 Oct. 2, 1918 Nov. 2,1917 do , Aug. 14,1918 do do , To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Mar. 7, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Name. PAmSH FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. St. Tammany— Continued. CuUibor, O. J. O Hailoy, Edward F Kustemacher, A. B Tangipahoa: Richardson, Edward, chairman. Wilcombe, John E., chairman (resigned). Tensas: Davidson, W. M., chair- man. Terrebonne: Sundberry, O. C, chair- man. Smith, T. B Duval, Dr. B. J., Union: Kldd, E. L., chairman.. Baucnman, J. D Everett, Edward Shields, T. W Vermilion: Broussard, L. 0., chair- man. Bonin, J. D WilUams, Frank B Vernon: Ferguson, W. K., chair- man, Washington: Lindsley, J, B,, man (resigned, Sherman, O, J., man, Webster: Percy, W. R., chairman (deceased). Coyle, W. R Ciu-tis, W. T Fuller, Thomas W Roberts, Chas. M Stewart, D. W Winn: Ferguson, W. K., chair- man. La Grone, J. M chair- chair- OfTiLial qiilHjn. Madisonville. Slidcll Abita Springs Hammond . ...do St. Joseph. Houma . .do. .do. Ruston Farmerville. ....do Bernice Abbeville. Gueydan. , Erath Leesville . Bcgalusa. . ....do.... Mind en - Cotton Valley- Sibley Minden -.--do ----do Leesville . . Winnfield. Voliin 1 cer or I ■iilnry. From— Served. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V To— Aug. 14,1918 Feb. 28,1919 do Do. do Do. Nov. 8, 1918 Do. Nov. 1, 1917 Oct. 31,1917 Nov. 2, 1917 ....do ....do Oct. 31,1917 ....do ....do ....do Nov. 2, 1918 .---do ....do Nov. 13,1917 Jan. 23,1918 Nov. 23,1917 ...-do ....do ....do ..-.do ----do Nov. 13,1917 ....do Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. CONSERVATION COMMITTEES. Name. CONSERVATION DI- VISION. ADVISOKY COMMITTEE. Creighton, W. H. P Ford.J.P Glenny, E. J Godchaux, Charles Lockett, A, M COMMITTEE OF POWEB PLANT OWNERS. Benjamin, E. V. Ford.J.P Gambel, C. J... Kenney^ J. D . . Odenheimer, S. COMMITTEE OF OPERATING ENGINEERS. Black, W Clerc, H. Couret, B . . . Dietrichs, C . Dobree, B. S Gray^E. S.. Hastmgs, O. Herbick, R . . Kennedy, W. D Title. Official station. New Orleans. do do do ....:do Chairman power plant commit- tee. Member power plant committee do do do Chairman operating engineer committee. Member operating engineer committee. ....do ....do BOILER INSPECTORS. Alexius, Carl Bell,J.L Burwell, R. T Christensen, W. C. Cooper, C. A Graber, C. W .do. .do. .do. .do. Wehrmann,V do New Orleans. .do. .do. .do. .do. New Orleans. do -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. New Orleans do ....do Jackson, Miss Fort Worth, Tex.. New Orleans Home address . Tulane University Penick & Ford, Whitney Building, City Hall Annex Godchaux Building 533 Barronne Street Care of Mente &Co Penick & Ford, Whitney Building, Henderson Sugar Refinery Hotel Monteleone , Lane Cotton Mills Young Men's Gymnastic Club Union Seed & FertilizerCo., Gretna, American Sugar Refining Co New Orleans Cold Storage & Wholesale Co. Panama Ice Co , St. Charles Hotel , French Market Ice Co , Mexican Fruit & Steamship Co . . , Penick & Ford, Marrero Lane Cotton Mills New Orleans ....do ....do Jackson, Miss Fort Worth, Tex. New Orleans Volun- teer or Served. Prom- V V Sept. 1 do. do. do- do. Sept. 1 do.. do.. do.. do.. Sept. 1 do 1918 Jan. 15,1919 Do. V Do. V Do. y Do. V V 1918 Jan. 15,1919 Do. \T Do. V Do. V Do. V V 1918 Jan. 15,1919 Do. V do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. Sept. 1 do Do. V Do. V Do. V Do. V Do. V Do. V Do. V Do. V V 1918 Jan. 15,1919 Do. V V V V do.. do.- do-- do.. Do. Do. Do. Do. To- 136 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. LOUISIANA— Continued. CONSERVATION COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. CONSERVATION DI- VISION— Contd. BOILER IN3PECT0ES— con. Jackson, Leo Jennings, B. S Le Meuleur, L. M Luker, D. A McDonald, "Wm Negrotto, Fred Pound, A. M Preslar, J. C Schwessinger, G Smith.C. F Soland, A.W Stock, John Sumner, Oscar Unsworth, Eugene OTL DIVISION. Barrow, W. M . . Fisher, HughC. Title. Local representative, Baton Rouge. Local representative, Shreve- port. Official station. New Orleans Birmingham, Ala . Shreveport Alexandria New Orleans Lake Charles New Orleans Dallas, Tex New Orleans Houston, Tex New Orleans Memphis, Term . . . Alexandria New Orleans Roumain Building, Baton Rouge. 218 First National Bank Build- ing, Shreveport. Home address. New Orleans Birmingham, Ala. Shreveport Alexandria New Orleans Lake Charles New Orleans Dallas, Tex New Orleans Houston, Tex New Orleans Memphis, Tenn - . . Alexandria New Orleans 918 Convention Street, Baton Rouge. 2014 Marshall Street, Shreveport . . Voltm- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Sept. 1 do., ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do., ....do. ....do., ....do., ....do., ....do., ....do. ....do.. Oct. 22,1918 Oct. 23,1918 To— Jan. 16,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Name. PARISH CONSERVATION COMMITTEES. , chair- Official station. Volun- teer or- salary. Acadia: Pugh, Philip S, man. Elberson, Lee Embry, J. W Martin, F. R Ascension: Lemann, Walter, chair- man. Allen,F.H Brynes, J. W LeBlac, J. C Assumption: Dodge, Geo. W., chair- man. Baton Rouge, (Bast): Stover, I. M., chairman Sharpless, H. R Guell, A Bienville: Atkins, Darius M., chairman. Goff,W.D Page, Blanchard Stewart, J. A Bossier: Smith, Joannes, chair- man. Sentejl, W. M Hodges, W. H., jr Caddo: Barrett, Thos. C Calcasieu: Conover, W. B., chair- man. Catahoula: Cotton, Noah, chairman. Claiborne: Richardson, J. S., chair- man. De Soto: Dowell,R. G., chairman. Law^ Charles R Evangelme: McCain, Walton, chair- man. Lafleur, A. M Feliciana: East Feliciana— West, W. A., chair- man. Roos, Godfrey West FeUciana— Irvine, John F., chairman. Iberia: Hewes, H. B., chairman. Jeffrey, Daniel Iberville: Nadl6r,Henry,chairman. Nadler, Carl Jeffrey, Alex Jeflerson: Dossat, R. H., chairman. Lafayette: Domengeaux, J. R . , chair- man. Dobbins, Henry T Herpm, J. O Crowley.. .do. .do. .do. Donaldsonville, .do. .do. .do. Napoleonville . Baton Rouge.. ....do ....do Arcadia. ....do... Ringgold., Arcadia . . Plain Dealing . Elm Grove Shreveport Lake Charles. . , Security . Homer... Mansfield . do.... Basile Ville Platte.... Norwood Jackson St. Francisville. Jeanerette.. do Plaquemine.. do do New Orl e a ns- Gretna. LaFayette .do. -do. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 9,1917 .do. .do. .do. Sept. 16,1918 .do. .do. .do. Nov. 2,1917 Oct. 30,1917 do ..do Nov. 23,1917 .do. -do. -do. ..do. do.. Oct. 22,1917 Dec. 29,1917 Oct. 31,1917 do Dec. 6,1917 do Apr. 20,1918 do Oct. 30,1917 do do Nov. 2,1917 do Apr. 17,1918 do do To— Nov. S,1917 Apr. 17,1918 -do. .do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. PARISH CONSERVATION COMMITTEES— continued. Lafourche: Howell, W. E., chairman Lincoln: Kidd, E. L. chairman.. . Natchitoches: Hayden, J. F., chairman. De Roche, R.T Orleans: Newman, Harold, W., chairman. Perrin, Emile FlaspoUer, H. H Glover, Geo. J Millsaps, W. E Ouachita: 'Frizzell,R.B., chairman. Planuemines: Livaudais, O. S., chair- man. Pointe Coupee: MoFarland, A Rapides: Hayden, J. F., chairman. McMichael, A. W Raxsdale, J. C Red River: Thomas, J. T. S., chair- man. Richland: Tatum, B. F., chairman. Green, E. B Wiggins, Clarence St. John the Baptist: Caire, E. J., chairman. . . Graugnard, J. B. C Songy, P. G St. Landry: Lawler, J. G., chairman, Schell, J. F St. Martin: Conrad,Collins,chairman St. Mary: Morse,Thos.L., chairman. Ferrlot, Paul St. Tammanv: Foley, Jomi, chairman. . . Dunstan, J. H Heughans, E. B Luce.S. B Tangipahoa: Richardson, Edward, chairman. Pantell, Fred Tensas: Davidson, W. M., chair- man. Terrebonne: Sundberry, O. C, chair- man. Vermilion: Broussard, L. O., chair- man. Bonin, Leo P Caldwell, V.L Putnam, Robt. E Vernon: Ferguson, W. K., chair- man. Washington: Sherman, O. J., chairman Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Thibodaux. Ruston Alexandria. . Ashland New Orleans... -do. -do. .do. .do. Monroe. New Orl cans - English Turn. New Roads Alexandria.. do do Coushatta. , Rayville. do... Delhi Edgard. do.. do.. Opelousas. do Breaux Bridge Morgan City. . Franklin Covington SUdeU Madisonville. Slidell Served. From — Hammond . do St. Joseph.. Houma. Abbeville. Gueydan.. Abbeville. do.... Leesville., Bogalusa. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 6,1917 Oct. 31,1917 Oct. 23,1917 ....do Oct. 19,1917 ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. Oct. 23,1917 Nov. 1,1917 Oct. 31,1917 Oct. 23,1917 do ....do Nov. 23,1917 Jan. 15,1918 ....do , ....do , Nov. 1,1917 ....do ....do May 1,1918 do Oct. 2, 1918 do Aug. 14,1918 do do do Nov. 8, 1918 do Oct. 31,1917 Nov. 2,1917 Nov. 2,1918 do do , do Nov. 13,1917 Nov. 11,1918 To- Feb. 28, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. MAINE. The appointment of Hon. J. C. Hamlen as fuel administrator for Maine was made on September 29, 1917. He at once proceeded to chose and appoint an advisory committee. He felt that the committee should be constituted principally of men in the immediate vicinity of Portland, yet he desired representatives from the northern and eastern part of the State. The advisory committee as originally chosen consisted of Mr. Frank Wiight, of Bangor, vice chairman; Harry A. Rounds, of Portland: ^ii-thur S. JBosworth, of Portland; William W. Thomas, of Portland; and Nathan Clifford, of Portland. Mr. Wright's duties kept him away from Maine to such an extent that he felt, after about a month, that he should give up his position and have some one appointed who would be on the spot, and who would be able to give personal attention to the problems which were rapidly accumulating. In his place Mr. Nathan F. Perry, of Presque Isle, was chosen, and Mr. W. A. Hennessey, of Bangor, was added to the advisory committee. Mr. Perry was made the vice chairman of the eastern district and Mr. Clifford was given the appoint- ment of vice chairman of the southern and western districts. Mr. Hamlen at once, on the appointment of his advisory committee, began to appoint committees in various locaUties. After going over the situation with his advisory committee very carefully, he decided that the best plan to pursue was to appoint not county chairmen but chairmen in each of the principal cities and towns in the State. His idea was to choose as chairman some man prominent locally and ask him to appoint two assist- ants. In all localities except one the committee consisted of a chairman and two other members. Where busi- ness in two adjoining to^Tis was practically interchangeable, only one committee was chosen. This applied to Dover and Foxcroft, and to the cities of Saco and Biddeford, and Lewiston and Auburn. All the committees, with a few exceptions, have remained the same since the oiganization started and they have given of their time and energy very freely. The head office in Portland was organized on the 1st of October, 1917, %\'ith Mr. E. L. Phillips as secretary, and Hon. Nathan Clifford giving his entii-e time and services as general assistant to Mr. Hamlen, with Miss Edith G. Munroe as stenographer. After the business of the office was started, matters accumulated so rapidly that it was necessary to have additional help in the office, so Miss Gladys H. Spiller was engaged as stenographer, and Mr. John F. McCain, of Falmouth, Me., was appointed on the force. Mr. Parker T. Weymouth, of Portland, volimteered his services as stenographer and gave as much of his time as could be spared from his regular business for about one month. As demands upon the time of the committeemen in the larger places became very great, it was considered necessary for Mr. Hamlen to appoint a number of stenographers and clerks in some of the other localities. At the beginning of 1918 fuel conditions in Maine were very serious, and continual demands were being made upon this office for supplies, etc. This situation was quickly followed by the orders of January 17 for general closing and the heatless Monday order. On the 17th of JanuaryMr. Everett R. Josselyn, of Cape Elizabeth, volunteered his services in any capacity that Mr. Hamlen required. Mr. Josselyn served as volunteer until about the middle of February, when he was appointed by Mr. Hamlen as assistant secretary and then as secretary, which latter position he has held up to the present time. After the rescinding of the heatless-days order and the Monday-closing order, Mr. Weymouth and Mr. McCain retired from the. organization. Mr. Phillip W. Wheeler, who volunteered as an inspector during the month of January and part of February, also resigned. In April Mr. Phillips* the secretary, retired from the organization and Mr. Josselyn was appointed secretary, and Mr. Clifford was appointed as assistant to the fuel administrator. This organization has been maintained up to the present time. In September, 1918, the conservation department was established, with Mr. John Howard Stevens as State director of conservation and Arthur B. Fels as consulting engineer. Miss Sarah Gannon was appointed stenog- rapher. They immediately formed an organization by appointing committees in various localities in the State, using as far as possible the committees as appointed by Mr. Hamlen. In some cases men on the fuel committee felt that they could not give the necessary time to the conservation problems; so, in such cases, Mr. Stevens appointed committees composed of persons other than those composing the fuel committee. Mr. Hamlen and the advisory committee did not consider it necessary to appoint a local fuel committee for the cities of Portland, South Portland, and Westbrook, This work was attended to by the advisory committee, and especially by Mr. Clifford. 138 REPORT 01' ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. About November, 1917, it was deemed advisable to appoint a fuel-wood committee for the State. Dr. Charles D. Woods, of Orono, was chosen as chairman of that committee, and he has had associated with him Mr. Forrest Colby, of Bingham, who is State forester, and Mr. A. M. G. Soule, of Augusta, Me. Their work has been exceedingly effective, although somewhat hampered by the ruling of the administration that the fuel administration had no authority over the fixing of the prices of fuel wood. This administration has received remarkable cooperation from nearly all the dealers in the State; the rail- roads, the press, and the United States Naval Reserve Force have kept us informed of all arrivals and departures, a matter very essential in keeping proper track of coal-laden steamers and barges. In fact, all that have been called upon for assistance have ever been ready to do what they could to lessen and lighten the work of the administration. All members of the committees have given freely of their time, and even during the dark times of last winter they did everything possible to relieve the then serious existing circumstances. As much and even more can be said of the employees who, without faultfinding or complaint, worked day after day from early until late, after hours and before, to facilitate the work, which has been accomplished, we believe, very satisfactorily and at a minimum expense. Due credit should be given to these employees. Respectfully submitted. Nathan Clifford, Assistant, For James C. Hamlen, Federal Fuel Administrator for Maine. Portland, Me., December 24, 1918. It had hardly become known that you had appointed me as fuel administrator for Maine before I was besieged with requests for assistance from dealers and consumers throughout the State. The bulk of the demands that were made upon me came from the northern and the extreme eastern section of the State. I was somewhat surprised at this, because it had always been the custom for the people of Maine to purchase their coal supplies early, in view of the fact that Maine has a severe climate, and is most distant from the source of coal supply. On October 2, 1917, you called the first conference of the Federal administrators, which meeting was held in the Fuel Administration Building in Washington. I attended that meeting and received from you instruc- tions as to the conduct of the affairs of the administration, and I laid before you and your subordinates, as well as I could with the limited facts that I had, the conditions as they then existed in this State. My office was organized about the 1st of October and, on my return from this first conference, I found that a severe shortage of coal, especially anthracite, existed in Maine. We started at once to obtain from all locaUties within the State their fuel conditions, and we proceeded to formulate plans to assist in relieving the coal stringency. I was still unable to understand why this shortage existed in Maine, owing to the prevailing custom of the inhabitants ; but on inquiry I ascertained from dealers and consumers and especially from dealers in remote points of the State and in small localities whose distribution of anthracite coal was limited, that they had been impressed with the idea that it would not be good policy to make their purchases for the season early, in view of rumors and newspaper articles which advised people to refrain from purchasing their winter supply of coal until later because the price would drop. How this impression started or who was responsible for having such statements appear in the press, I have yet been unable to find out; nevertheless, such statements were circulated and with the above effect. In November the weather turned very cold and remained cold continuously, a condition which had not existed in Maine for many years. Not only did demands from the northern and extreme eastern portions of the State increase, but requests for shipments of anthracite for domestic^'users from every locality in the State multiphed. My ofiice was besieged with requests and demands for a coal supply at once. The dealers in Bangor, who were and are distributors for a large portion of the territory in northern and eastern Maine, were very much dis- turbed. They were far behind in their supplies and, owing to the fact that the Penobscot River, on which Bangor is situated, was likely to freeze over at any moment, they were fearful that they would be unable to receive supplies sufficient to take care of their various customers. About this time my assistant, Mr. Chfford, went to Washington to attend a meeting of the New England fuel administration, at which meeting you were present and at which the conditions in New Ent^land and Maine were thoroughly discussed, not only with you but with your various subordinates in charge of anthracite and bituminous distribution. At this time the bituminous situation in Maine was in very fair condition. The mills had laid in an average reserve, figuring that, in the ordinary course of winter deliveries, they would be able to FEDBEAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOBS. 139 go through the season without any serious set backs. So the principal efforts of my office were devoted to the anthracite situation. As a result of the representation made by my assistant, several cargoes of coal were started for eastern points in Maine; and they arrived at destinations just in time. In fact, the last barge of anthracite that reached Bangor was frozen in and, had it not been for active work on the part of the tow boats in that locality, the barge would have been compelled to remain in the ice all winter. A similar condition existed in the Kennebec Valley, in which are situated the cities of Waterville, Augusta, Gardiner, Hallowell, and Bath. The cargoes thus started for Maine relieved for a short time the conditions, but, owing to the exceptionally severe winter unsurpassed in its severity and duration, the coal supplies were soon exhausted and what fuel had been laid aside was consumed. Vessel transportation was uncertain, cargoes started from coal ports consigned to those places taking from four to eight weeks to reach their destination. During this time bituminous shipments into the State became less frequent and the mills, a large number of which had taken on Government contracts, were reaching the end of their reserves, not enough coal coining in to take care of their daily consumption. The supply of coal of all sorts in Portland about this time was reduced to between five and six days' supply. In order to help out the situation, I issued orders that no deliv- eries of coal should be made to manufacturers, but that such supplies as were on hand should be delivered to domestic consumers, hospitals, apartment houses, and hotels. The schools were closed for lack of fuel and, although persistently urged by the mayor of Portland and by other cities and by the State superintendent of schools, I did not allow deUveries to be made to such institutions, but I insisted that the schools should remain closed. The weather during all of this time continued to be very severe; from the latter part of November until the middle of February there had not been one day with a temperature above freezing. In January came your five-day closing order and the heatless Monday order. This came rather unex- pectedly; the only notification that this office received, until late the next day, was the Associated Press dis- patch which appeared ia aU of the papers. I was on my way back from attending a meeting in Washington at that time. The office was besieged with callers, owners of mills working on Government contracts, and others asking for rufings and interpretations, which were very difficult to give in view of the fact that a copy of the official order had not been received. In due time the order reached my office, and rulings were made which perhaps were more drastic than were intended by your original order. The general attitude of the manufacturers and merchants in Maine was rather remarkable; while each individual thought that he had some special reason why he should be excepted from the rulings, yet when told that he was within the scope he wilfingly, with sfight demurring, obeyed. At this time the coal suppUes for domestic consumers had become so limited that it was necessary for me, in order to prevent suffering and in order to allow hospitals, apartment houses, and hotels to run, to commandeer from cargoes consigned to the Oxford Paper Co., S. D. Warren Co., and Androscoggin Pulp Co., and a consign- ment of 50 cars of bituminous was sent forward through the effort of your administration, which were distributed where I considered most necessary. There was also a solid train of anthracite coal shipped to Maine consigned to the various dealers. Where I felt that too large an amount was going to any one locality, I changed the desti- nation of these cars so that the distribution would be more equitable, and I succeeded in preventing any serious suffering in any one locality. Also at this time the Cumberland County Power & Light Co., which supplies lighting power to the greater part of Cumberland County and normally is run entirely by water power, was compelled to use coal for power generating purposes. Up to this time all power for lighting had been generated by water power; so I had not considered it necessary to establish lightless nights or publish any ruling for the early closing of stores. I requested the members of the Wholesale Dealers' Association and Retail Dealers' Association to meet with my advisory committee; after several meetings a set of rules was adopted by them and issued by me relative to the opening and closing of stores. To be more exact, rules were never issued; they were suggested by me, and were almost unanimously acquiesced in. There was some difficulty, of course, in enforcing the regulations, as my force was not sufficient to look after everything, but the Retail Dealers' Association stepped into the breach and offered the services of five active men, Mr. A. L. Davis, Mr. True C. Foss, Mr. Ralph W. E. Hunt, Mr. David W. Schwartz, and Mr. Arthur G. Spear, to assist me in seeing that the request wa^ carried out. They did their work impartially and effectively, so that in a few days after its inauguration the system was working without friction. The "Buy early campaign" was instituted as soon as the suggestion came from your office, with the result that nearly every locality knew by the 1st of May the tonnage that it would require to take care of the wants of its people. It was a serious drawback, created some criticism, and caused a good deal of work for my office, that supplies of coal did not reach localities as early as usual. It was also unfortunate that for Maine the year 1916-17 was taken as the basic year, the year 1916-17 being one of the poorest years for coal receipts that Maine had had for some time. In May my assistant, Mr. Clifford, attended a conference of the New England fuel ad- ministrators with the anthracite committee at Philadelphia, where he submitted estimates of the requirements 140 EEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. of Maine for the coming coal year. His request to the committee was 840,000 gross tons, but the commit- tee, in view of the tremendous demands that had been made upon it not only from other localities through- out the country but from manufacturing concerns working on essentials for the Goverimient found it could award only 660,000 gross tons. This tonnage would not have been sufficient to take care of the needs in Maine this coming year under ordinary winter conditions, but fortunately this section of the country, as well as other sections, has been favored by an imusually mild winter, which materially assisted in reducing the con- sumption of coal. Although the conservation bureau was not formally organized until about October 1 , I had instructed my office to preach at every opportunity conservation and to encourage all practices that would tend to reduce the consumption of coal in households. This effort I feel also contributed materially to lessen the consumption this year. The " Gasolineless Stmdays" request was obeyed without friction and almost unanimously throughout the State. It was wonderful to see the spii-it with which the people entered into the carrying out of your request. This request came rather hard upon the class of people who o'ATied small machines and who were accustomed to use them Sundays only, but when the request was canceled they were pleased to say that they had contributed in their small way to the successful carrying out of the war. The prevalence of the influenza at this time and the information given by the leading physicians that life in the open was one of the best preventives against the spreading of the disease prompted me to ask of you a cancellation of your request, which you, after consultation with the Surgeon General, saw fit to refuse. This request was made by me with no spirit of criticism of your request or of the vital need of it, but at the solicitation and demand of the people of my district. As an illustration of the spirit in which the request was taken, my office received one day a telephone message asking if the "Gasolineless Sunday" order had been repealed. The reply was that it had not. The query came back over the telephone, "I want to know if it is a law or if it is simply a request from the Fuel Administration." The answer was given, "this is not a law, it is simply a request." The person on the other end of the telephone replied, "I am sorry to learn this; if it had been a law I would not hesitate to break it; but, in view of the fact that it is only a request, my conscience will not allow me to disregard it." In the latter part of September, after a conference with Mr. J. J. Storrow, New England fuel administrator, and the other New England fuel administrators, the emergency anthracite order was issued. This, at least as far as Maine was concerned, was one of the most beneficial orders that were issued by the Administration. There were numerous small localities in this State which, previous to the time of the issuing of the order, were practically without coal; and it seemed impossible for the dealers or for this office to obtain any supplies for them. Through this order instant relief was obtained. From October 7 to February 20 there were dis- tributed among various localities in Maine .388 cars, or approximately 16,000 tons. I believe that had it not been for this emergency coal, even though this winter has been mild, and people have been most careful of their consumption of fuel, conditions would have existed equaling if not exceeding those of a year ago. As my report of December 24 showed, I deemed it advisable not to appoint county chairmen, but I appointed chairmen for various towns and cities. I felt that such a plan would keep me and, as a matter of fact, it has really kept me in closer touch with the situation in the State than if I had had one chairman or one commit- tee in each county. Bituminous coal. — During the first part of January, 1918, the reserves which had been accumulated by manu- facturers and railroads were almost exhausted The prospect of immediate shutdown faced a number of large mills and threatened to hamper the operation of the railroads in the State. At the same time demands were being made upon my office for coal of any kind for heating purposes. I considered that coal for household uses, charitable institutions, hospitals, hotels, and apartment houses should be furnished first even at the risk of closing down the larger manufacturers, and it was for this purposes that I commandered coal consigned to the larger paper-making plants in Maine. I also had held for me as reserve about 800 tons of a cargo consigned to the Portland Gas Light Co. I was fortunately compelled to use but a small amount and I, therefore, turned it back to the Portland Gas Light Co. The coal that was commandeered tided over a most serious situation not only in Portland but throughout the State. The coal commandeered was sent to dealers in Portland and by them shipped according to orders to localities most in need. The shutdown of some factories resulted from the taking of this coal, but I believe that I was thoroughly justified in making such seizure at that time. The situation was also materially helped by a 50-carload train of bituminous coal forwarded through the request of J. J. Storrow, New England fuel administrator. This, as coal commandeered, I had distributed in localities most in need. The greater portion,, of it was used for domestic purposes. In May arrangements were made through Mr. Storrow's office for shipments of Dominion coal to Maine. In niost ca'ies the arrangements for the disposition of these cargoes were made by the New England fuel admin- istration office, but my office attended to the details of deliveries. During the period from May 24 to October 15 there were delivered to ports in Maine, namely Bangor, Searsport, Rockland, and Portland, 38 cargoes FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTKATOES. 141 averaging 2,500 tons to a cargo, the price varying from $8.21 per ton to $8.46. This coal was taken by the Bangor & Aroostook Eaiboad, by the Maine Central Railroad, and by the larger paper mills. All of these concerns were only too glad to receive these shipments, fearing as they did a repetition of conditions of the previous winter. I instructed my assistant, Mr. Clifford, to encourage all manufacturers to lay in ample reserves for the coming season, which they did. In some cases mills were ovcrzealous and were inclined to accumulate larger storage than was permitted by your rules. In such cases, as per orders from you, shipments were stopped, and reserves kept within proper limits until all restrictions of storage were reinoved. The bituminous situation, even had the war lasted, and increased manufacturing continued, was most satisfactory. I have not heard any complaints of shortage from any of the larger manufacturing con'crns or railroads. The railroad situation during January and February, 191S, was alarming. The Maine Central liailroad, the main trunk line in the State, was at one ti ne rediiced to five days' supply, but through the assistance of your administration, and of the New England fuel adaiinistration, and through the efforts on the part of the railroad ofhcials themselves, supphes were obtained which prevented a tie up. During the summer of 1918 I urged the railroads operatmg in this State to accumulate as large a reserve as possible and to prepare for any emergency that might happen. This the railroads did, so that by the first of December all were supplied with reserves of ample sizes to insure practically their continued operation even under the most unfavorable conditions during the winter months. A wood fuel committee, of which Charles D. Woods, of Orono, was chairman, was appointed the first part of December, 1918. Dr. Woods immediately proceeded to form local wood fuel committees, which in most cases consisted of men composing the fuel co I'/mittees. He made a careful and thorough canvass of the wood situation in Maine and conducted a very efficient publicity campaign. He was ha npered by the construction put on the Lever Act by the attorney of the Fuel Administration, that the Fuel Administration had no authority over the price. This led in many cases to excessive charges for wood. Even with this severe obstacle in his way he succeeded in having cut and marketed a very substantial quantity of fuel wood. Another drawback which hindered his efforts from being entirely successful was his inability to guarantee to the soiall producer and farmer owning a small wood lot a market. for his wood. He has recommended — and this office agrees with him — that should circumstances arise in the future requiring a wood-cutting campaign, some means should be devised for creating and maintaining a market for wood supply. It can readily be seen that a farmer of limited means can not afford to cut and ship fuel wood and carry this supply for a season; he must be assured of a ready market in order to encourage his cutting. This very difficulty developed during this last season. A number of farmers and fuel wood producers are now carrying a large quantity of wood in storage, and are unable to dispose of it. Circumstances might have been different had the war conditions continued and the usual severe winter prevailed. This report should not be closed without reference to the courteous treatment received from the National Administration, other State administrators, the New England State adiuinistrators and Hon. James J. Storrow^ with aU of whom the most friendly relations were maintained. From their geographical position, the New Eng- land States really constitute a district by themselves, and had not absolute harmony and a desire to assist each State in this group existed, conditions would have developed which would have seriously complicated a very critical situation. Such a state of affairs would have militated more seriously against Maine than against any other State, as its entire all-raU supply passed through the southern portion of this district, and the harbors from Connecticut to New Hampshire were used as places of refuge for the smaller coal carrying sailing vessels as well as places of rest and safety for tows of barges coming from the coal ports to various places in this State. During the severe weather of the winter of 1918, several small coal laden vessels were icebound in Connecticut and Massachusetts harbors. In places where such occurrences happened, though the localities were themselves most in need of a fuel supply, no attempt was made to appropriate the cargoes. The local committees and State fuel administrators in all cases of this kind made especial efforts to assist us in relieving the icebound vessels and barges, sending assistance when required and keeping my office in almost daily touch with conditions. To see vessels coal laden bound for points in far eastern Maine hopelessly icebound, when one's own community was in dire need, and to assist in the dispatch of these vessels, showed a spirit of cooperation not usual during such times of stress. The attitude shown by the Massachusetts administration was most marked. The State administrator, fearing that he might be accused of looking after his own State to the exclusion of Maine, repeatedly diverted coal intended for manufacturers in his own State to Maine so that the needs of the domestic consumer might be relieved and distress prevented. To you and your subordinates I am especially indebted for courteous treatment at all times and for action when action was required. 142 EEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. There were times during the darkest period of the winter of 1918, when it seemed to me that Maine was not on the map, but then after consideration, and after seeing the great pressure under which you and your asso- ciates were working, I appreciated that everything was being done that could be done to relieve and assist in a difficult situation. I wish to repeat what I mentioned in my previous report, that not enough can be said of the spirit shown by the various employees, who without complaint day after day worked early and late, after hours and before hours, to assist me in the work which had to be performed, and which I believe has been accomplished satis- factorily. I most assuredly feel that due credit should be given to tl^em. I wish to acknowledge also, with great appreciation, the services of my deputy, Hon. Nathan Clifford, through whom I was enabled to carry through the large amount of work which was brought upon my office. In concluding this report I wish to take the opportunity to acknowledge the great services rendered to my State administration by Hon. James J. Storrow, chairman of the New England fuel administration, whose untiring efforts prevented a demoralizing situation, which was fast approaching during the severe winter season of 1918. Respectfully submitted. J. C. Hamlen, Federal Fuel Administrator for Maine. Portland, Me., , Afril 10, 1919. MAINE. Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To- Hamlen, J. C STATE ADVISORY BOARD. Wright, Frank Perrv, Nathan F Bosworth, Arthm- S. , Clifford, Nathan Heonessey, W. A Rounds, Harry A — Thomas, Wm. "W STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL, ClifEord, Nathan Phillips, E. L Fels, Arthur B Stevens, Jno. Howard- Chapman, Harry A Barrett, F. M Bowker, Mrs. E . A Gannon, Sarah Godrng, Edith M Gowen, Ina R Hellier, Alice M Josselyn, Everett R.. . Litchfield, Anna L McCain, John F Mimroe, Edith G Munson, Lillie M Sanborn, N. L Spiller, Gladys H Weymouth. Parker T . Wheeler, Phillip W... STATE WOOD FUEL COM- MITTEE. Woods, Dr. Charles D. Colby, Forrest .-, Soule, A. M. G , State fuel administrator. Vice chairman (resigned) Vice chairman (eastern district) Member Vice chairman Member , do do Assistant to administrator Executive secretary Consulting engineer Director of conservation Chairman of hotel conservation. . Stenographer Stenographer and clerk Stenographer Stenographer and accounting clerk. Stenographer do Secretary Stenographer Assistant , Stenographer do do do do Inspector Chairman. Masonic Building, Portland . Portland. ....do... ....do... do... ....do... do... do... Portland Masonic Building, Portland. do do Bangor House, Bangor Masonic Building, Portland- do do do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Portland. do... do... Portland. Bangor Presqne Isle I'ortland Cape Elizabeth.. Bangor Portland do Cape Elizabeth Portland do do Bangor Presque Isle Brunsmck Kellogg Street, Portland- . 286 State Street, Portland. Auburn Rockland Cape Elizabeth Biddeford Falmouth Portland , Presque Isle Augusta , Westbrook , 43 Upland Avenue, Portland. 43 Norwood Street, Portland . Orono Bingham.. Augusta... V V V V V V S S V V V s S s s s V V V V V Sept. 29,1917 Oct. 1,1917 do do Oct."'i,'i9i7 do , do Oct. 1,1917 Feb. 1,1918 Sept. 20, 1918 do Oct. 1,1918 Feb. 15,1918 Inly 1, 1918 Oct. 15,1918 ....do Apr. 1,1918 July 1, 1918 Jan. 17,1918 Apr. 1,1918 Feb. 1,1918 Oct. 16,1917 Oct. 15,1918 Apr. 1,1918 Dec. 1,1917 Oct. 1, 1917 do Nov. 7,1917 do do Apr. 5, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 15,1919 Apr. 25,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Sept. 15, 1918 Jan. 16,1919 Feb. 16,1919 Mar. 31,1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Do. Mar. 31,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Oct. 15,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Mar. 22,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTKATOKS. MAINE— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES. 143 Name. CITY niEL COMMITTEES. Ashland: BarHett, J. B., chair- man. Auhum-Lewiston: Turgeon, C. L., chair- man. Cliflord, John B Goweu, Ina R., stenog- rapher. Packard, C.F Pottle, Geo Ryerson, R. A Traf ton, Willis A , Augusta: H Manley, Samuel C, chairman. Sanborn, Walter M., chairman. Sanborn, N. L., stenog- rapher. Tracey, Frank E Bangor: Hennessey, W. A., chairman. Dougherty, M. H., ste- nographer. Singleton, James F Wilson, John Bar Harbor: Rodick, A, S., chairman. Searle, Thomas Shea.Chas.F Bar Mills: Meserve, James W., chairman. Clark, Lucian F Smith, Geo.C Bath; Moses, Oliver, chairman. Baxter, Rupert H Fuller, Bernlce M., ste- nographer. Newall,W. S Belfast: Howes, Jas. H., chair- man. Cooper, R. L. (resigned) Slugg, M.L Ellis, Wilson Berwick: Frost, W. A., chairman Bethel: Merrill^F. B., chairman Rowe,H.C Van Derkerchoven, A.. Biddeford and Saco: Goodwin, George B., chairman. Evans, Thomas L Litchfield, Anna L., ste- nographer. Smith, James G. C Boothbay Harbor: PerMns, James B., chairman. Ome, Thaddeus Reed, W. Herbert Brunswick: Baxter, H. C, chariman. Bowker, E. A., stenog- rapher. Given, Harvey Riley, John W Calais: MoFaul, John C, chair- man. Anderson, J. Frank Peterson, Henry A Camden: Hooper, Dr. Jno. E., chairman.^ Emery, Oscar H Babb,C. W Caribou: Small, Cyrus F., chair- man. Garden, Arthur A Oak, Fred I. Dexter: Curtis_, Leslie, chairman. (resigned). ■ "'IS, W. Judkins, man. Weymouth, H J. Palmer, C.C Mountain, Jamea H., chair- Official station. Ashland. Volun- teer or salary. Auburn. .do .do .do .do .do .do Augusta. ....do.... ....do.... Bangor.. ....do.. .do., .do.. Bar Harbor. ....do ....do Bar Mills.. .do.. .do- Bath... do.. do.. do.. Belfast. ...do ...do ...do Berwick.. Bethel.. do... do.- Biddeford.. .do., .do-. .do.. Boothbay Har- bor. ....do ....do Brunswick. ....do .do., .do.. Calais. .do., .do.. Camden. .do., .do.. Caribou. .do. .do.. Dexter. do.. ....do... ....do... ....do... V V s V V V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V V S V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 1,1917 -do. do Apr. 1,1918 Oct. 1, 1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do Apr. 1, IQIS ....do Oct. 1, 1917 Nov. 15,1918 Oct. 1, 1917 ....do .do., .do., .do.. .do.. .do., .do.. do do July 1, 1918 Oct. 1 do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. Apr. 1 Oct. 1 do.. do.. do.. do.. July 1 Oct. 1 do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 ....do Jan. 1, 1918 Oct. 1, 1917 do ..i.do To- Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 1, 1919 Feb. 28, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Apr. 1, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Feb. 28, 1919 Apr. 1, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 16,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 1, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Dover-Foxcroft: Mayo, Edward J., chair- man. Danforth, Dana H Whitney, Edward E... Eastport: Holmes, J. R., chairman Dalev, James L Wadsworth, E. L Ellsworth: Hamlin, Hannibal E., chairman. Morong, Charles L Peters, Charles Farmington: Butler, Frank W., chair- man. Fluit, J.P Whittier, O. P Fort Fairfield: Holt. T. E., chairman... Boyd,D.H Kelcher. A. E Freeport: Mallett, E. B., chairman. Coffin, George P Dennison, B. F Fryebm"g: Hastmgs, E. E., chair- man. Pike, Asa Osgood Russell E. Chandler Gardiner: Hazzard, H. P., chair- man (resigned). Lamb, Dr. B. E., chair- man. Jackson, B. W Atkins, W.C Strout, F. E Guilford: Hudson, Mioajah, chair- man. Drake, Arthur W Preble, Roscoe G Hallowell: Clearwater, H. P., chair- man. Henderson, W. H Jones, Warren Houlton: Pierce, Leonard A., chairman. Putnam, Arthiu O Tompkins, Nathaniel. . . Keimebunfe: Bonser, F.W., chairman. Parsons, George Smith, A.J Kennebunkport: Leavitt, Justin M., chair- man. Kingman: Beatham, O. W., chair- man. Scott, A. B Shannon, John R Kittery: Mitchell, Horace, chair- man. Clark, Ralph E Walker, James Lisbon Falls: Coolidge, H. E., chair- man. Mann, Charles F .' . Smith, Elmer T Livermore Palls: Dwolley, A. F., chair- man. Pooler, Joseph Lubec: Gray, James H., chair- man. McBrlde, Roberto Plke,J.C Machias: Ames, Frank, chairman. Beverley, C. W Longfellow, L. W Millinocket: Ferguson, George H., chairman. Carrigan, Thomas J Connell, John O Offlcial station. .do., .do.. Eastport. .'.'.'.'.do'.'.'.'. Ellsworth. .do., .do.. Farmington .do. .do. Fort Fairfield.. da ....do Freeport. . !;;!do;;!;! Fryeburg. .do. .do. Gardiner.. ....do.... .do. .do. .do. Guilford. .'.do. ..do. Hallowell . .do. -do. Houlton . -do. .do. Kcmiebunk ....do ....do Kennebunkport Kingman . .do. .do. Kittery . .do. -do. Lisbon Falls . .do. .do. Llvermore Falls. do Lubec .do. .do. Machias. ....do... ....do... Millinocket .do. .do. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Oct. 1,1917 .do., .do., ...do ...do ...do .do. To— -do. .do.. .do.. .do., .do.. ....do ....do ....do .do., .do., .do. .do. .do., .do:. .do. Oct. 1,1917 do , ....do .do. .do. .do. .do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do... .do... .do... .do. .do.. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do., .do., .do.. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Feb. 28,1918 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1 Deoea«ed. 144 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. MAINE— Continued. FDEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. CITY POEL COMMITTEES— continued. Milo: Owen, W. S., chairman SnoWj H, A Newman. W. P , Monson: Davidson, Joseph, chairman. Newport: Mitchell, W. H., chair- man. Bradbury, A. C Sober, L. B North Berwick: Russell, J. B., chairman Austin, N. S Knight, N.C North Jay: Emery, F. A., chairman. Macomber, John H Mrmroe, George E Norway: Foster, Henry B., chair- man. Brown, Fred S Becoster, Frank E Oakland: Ayer, W. M., chairman. . Blake, W. A Libhy, Morrison Ogunguit: Brewster, J. E., chairman. Old Town: Boyle, J. William, chair- 1 man. Cunningham, P. G Murphy, Wm. H Orono: Webster, Alden P., chairman. Boardman, H. S Powell, M. H Oxford: Starbird, C.F.,jchairman. Parrott, J. E Wood, Walter Patten: Gardiner, Raymond, chairman. Brown, Charles R ' Rowe, Henry C Pittsfleld: Drake, O. H., chairman. Connor, T. F Vickery, C. E Presque Isle: Sprague, R, H., chair- man. Barrett, Flora, stenogra- pher. Cook, NathanP Munson, Lilly, stenogra- pher. Washburn, George F Richmond: Peabody, Dr. F. E., chairman. Rockland: Jameson, J. A., chair- man. Bird, Henry B Hellier, Alice M.. stenog- ranher. Smith, B. B Rockport: Rankin, K. C, chair- man. Magune, Frank A Rhodes, Charles E Rumtord: Harris, James W., chair- man. Latham, Fred J McCarthy, P. E Sabattus: Sleeper, Dr. Frank E., chairman. Newton, Dr. M. T Wyman, Dr. A. E Sanford: Tucker, Judge Jno. V., chairman. Emery, Edward H., chairman. Folsom, Willis H Skowhegan: Hawes, Wm. H., chair- man. Cole, Robert B Official station. Milo. -do. -do. Monson . Newport . -do. .do. North Berwick. do do North Jay. . do do Norway. .do. .do. Oakland . . . do do Ogimquit . . Old Town.. -do. .do. Orono.. .do. .do. Oxford. . do.. ....do.. Patten . -do. .do. Pittsfleld.. ....do.... ....do.... Presque Isle.. ...-do .do. .do. ...-do Richmond - Rockland. .do. .do. ....do.... Rockport - .do. -do. Rumford. .do. .do. Sabattus. ....do ....do Sanford . ...-do.. .do- Skowhegan.. ....do Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V S V s V V V V V V V V V V V V v V V Served. From— Oct. 1,1917 do do do ..do.. -do., .do . . .do., .do., .do.. ..do., -do.. ..do.. .do.. -do., .do.. .do., .do., .do., -do.. .do.. .do., .do.. .do.. -do., .do.. .do . . .do., .do.. .do.. .do., .do.. .do., .do., .do.. ...-do Feb. 15,1918 Oct. 1,1917 Oct. 15,1918 Oct. 1,1917 ....do -do ....do July 1,1918 Oct. 1,1917 ....do do. do. do. do. do- do. ....do do do Feb. 1, 1918 Oct. 1, 1917 ....do ....do To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Sept. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 1, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 1, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. South Paris: Wheeler, Alton C, chairman. Elder, Nelson G Fletcher, H. G Southwest Harbor: Tracy, Henry, chair- man. Mayo, S. H , Norwood, R. M Thomaston: Washburn, C. H., chair- man. Liniken, A. J Walsh, Robert K , Van Buren: Goud, F. D., chairman. Cyr, Joseph J Reed, Frank R., jr Vassalboro: Hussey, O. J., chairman Gates, B. H Lord, W. A Vinal Haven: Libby, T. E., clfeirman.. Fifleld, H. W Lyons, O. P Waterville: Boutelle, George K., chairman. Permenter, Dr. George F Thayer, Dr. Frederick C . Wilton: Fernald, Gardiner G., chainnan. Holman,E. H Morrison, E. H Winthrop: Mclllroy, R. C, chair- man. Bishop, F. I Jones, L, B Yarmouth: Webb, Rufus S., chair- man. Hall, John O Quinn, Rev. Joseph D . . York: Putnam,W.S., chairman. CONiSEBVATION COMMITTEES. Alfred: Lander, Frank C Ashland: Bartlett, J. B Auburn: Pulsifer, J. B Augusta: Hussey, E. A Baldwin: Kennard, G. H - - . Bangor: Hennessey, W. A. . . Bar Harbor: Rodlck, A. S . . Bar Mills: Meserve, James W. Bath: Moses, Oliver Baxter, Rupert H Newell, W.S Belfast: Howes, James H Berwick: Frost, W. A Bethel: MerrUl, F. B Biddeford: Bradbury, James H. Boothbay Harbor: Perkins, James B . Bridgton: Hamblen, J. D . . . Brunswick: Wheeler, Edward H Bowker, Charles L Riley, T. H.,ir Tobey, R. C Varney, Harry W Calais: McFaul, JohnC Eaton, Franklin Higgins, E. E Murchie, Ned H Camden: Emery, Oscar H... Caribou: Small, Cyrus F Damariscotta: Hatch, J. P . . Dexter: Judkins, Wesley Dover: Buck, Edward B Eagle Lake:Michaud, Saul . Eastport: Holmes, J. R . . . Ellsworth: Hamlin, Hannibal E. . Morang, Charles L Peters, Charles Official station. South Paris..., .do. .do. Southwest Har bor. do do Thomaston. . .do. -do. Van Buren.. do do Vassalboro . ....do ....do Vinal Haven.. ...-do ....do Waterville . .do. .do. Wilton.. .do. .do. Winthrop. .do. -do. Yarmouth . .do. .do. York.. Alfred Ashland Auburn Augusta Baldwin Bangor Bar Harbor. Bar Mills.... Bath ...-do ...-do Belfast.... Berwick... Bethel Biddeford. Boothbay Har- bor. Bridgton Brunswick - ...-do ....do ...-do ...-do Calais .-..do ....do do., Camden Caribou Damariscotta . Dexter Dover Eagle Lake Eastport Ellsworth. do do Volun- teer or salary. V ■V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 1,1917 .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. -do.. ..do. ..do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. ...do.. .do. .do. ..do.. .do. .do. .do. Sept. 25, 1918 do ....do do do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do .do.. .do., -do., -do., -do., .do.. .do., .do., -do., -do., .do., .do. .do. -do. ..do. -do. ..do. To— ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 22,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDEBAL FUEL ADMINISTKATOES. 145 MAINE — Continued. CONSERVATION COMMITTEES— Continued . CONSERVATION COMMIT- TEES — continued . Fanmngton: Butler, Frank W. Fort Fairfield: Holt, J. E... Fort Kent: Page, G. H Freeport: Mallet, E. B FryeDurg: Hasting, E. E . . . Gardiner: Lamb/Dr. B. E.. Gorbam; Kobie, Wm. P. F.... Douglass, Asa M Farr, Rev. David Sayward, Geo. F Shaw, Cbarlie Skilling, Eldon L Offlcial station. VoUm- teer or salary. Spinney, Geo. R , Tapley, Jesse H Guilford; Hudson, Micapah Hallowell: Clearwater, H. P Houlton: Pierce, Ijeonard A. Jacfauan: Young, Harry Kennebunk: Parsons, George. Kenuebunkport: Leavitt, Justin M. KezarFaUs: Stanley, O. L. Kingman: Beatiiam, O. W. Kittery: Mitcbell. Horace. - .' Lewiston: Pottle, George Lisbon Falls: Coolidge, H.E Mann, Charles F Smith, Elmer T Livermore Falls: Dwillig, A. F. Lubec: Gray, James H MoBride, Robert G PIke,J.C MiChias: Ames, M. Frank-. . Madison: Withee, J. F Mechanic Falls: Royal, M.N. Milllnocket: Carrigan, Thos.J. MUo: Owen, W. S Clark, A. B Towne, CD Monson: Davidson, Joseph . . Newcastle: Boyd, L. P New Gloucester:Roach,E.C. 122602—20- Farmlngton Fort FairBeld. Fort Kent Freeport Fryeburg , Gardiner Gorham North Gorham Gorham •White Rock... Gorham South Wind- ham. West Gorham. South Gorham Guilford Hallowell Houlton Jaekman Kennebunk... Kennebunk- port. Kezar Falls... Kingman Kittery Lewiston Lisbon Falls... do do Livermore FaUs. Lubec do do Machias Madison Mechanic Falls. MiUinocket. Milo do do Monson Newcastle... New Gloucester -10 V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From^ Sept. 25, 191S -do .do.... .do.... .do.... .do.... .do.... .do.... .do.... .do.... -do.... .do.... ..do.... .do.... .do.... .do.... .do.... -do.... ..do.... .do. ...do ..do .do ..do ..do... ..do... ..do... ..do... ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. .do. ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... Jan. 22,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. CONSEEVATION COMMIT- TEES — continued. Newport : Mitchell, W. H . . North Berwick: Russell, J. B. North Jay: Emery, FrankA Norway: DeCoster.FrankE Oakland: Hunton, Henry L Ogunquit : Brewster, J . E . . . Old Town: Boyle, J. Wil- liam. Orono: Bpardman, HaroldS Patten: Gardner, Raymond D. Pittslleld; Drake, O.H Presquelsle: Sprague, R. H. Richmond: Peabody, Dr. F.E. Rockland: Jameson , J. A Rookport: Rankin, K.C Rumiord: Harris, James W Latham, Fred J Sabattus:Sleeper, Frank E.. Saco: Elmer, Wm. L Sanford: Emery, Edward H Sebago (East): Fitch, M. P. Skowhegan: Hawes, Wil- liam H. SouthParis: Wheeler, Alton G. South Portland: Thurell, A. E. Southwest Harbor: Tracy, Henry. Standlsh: DoUoffl, E . W Steep Falls: Strout, F. L.... St. Francis: Stodlg, O. L... Thomaston: Liniken, A. J Starrett, E.P Strong, W. P Van Buren: Goud, F. D... Vassalboro: Hussey, 0. J . . Vinal Haven, Libby, T. E Waterville:Jealous, Lionel F. Wilton; Femald, Gardiner G. Winthrop: Mcllray, R. C... Wiscasset ; Lewis, E.N Yarmouth: Webb, BufusS Hall.J.O Quinn, Rev. J. D York: Putnam, W.S OlBoial station. Newport North Berwick, North Jay- Norway — Oakland . . . Ogunquit . . Old Town-, Orono.. Patten. Pittsfield Presquelsle Richmond Rockland . Rockport . Rumford do Sabattus Saco Sanford do Skowhegan South Paris South Portland. Southwest Harbor. Standlsh Steep Falls St. Francis Thomaston.-- do do , Van Buren.. - Vassalboro . . . Vinal Haven. WaterviUe . . . Wilton Winthrop Wiscasset Yarmouth . do do York Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V v V V V V V V V V V V V V V. V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- pt. 25,1918 ..do -do -do .do .do -do -do -do -do -do .do .do .do .do -do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do, .do .do .do -do do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. To— Jan. 22,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. MARYLAND. The Maryland fuel administration was one of the last to be put into operation, the appointment of the State fuel administrator having been made on November 20, 1917. Up to that time the fuel question had not become generally acute, as the fall had been very mild and no real suffering among householders had occurred. Winter, however, was close at hand, and great apprehension existed among domestic consumers, many of whom had not been able to supply their wants, and among industrials whose regular supply was interfered with by demands of the Government, by war industries, and by railroad congestion. Before the newly appointed State administrator could make the short trip home from Washington to Baltimore, the press had announced his appointment throughout the State. From that time on, no single hour, day or night, could be called his own, as a flood of inquiries, requests, and demands of all kinds poured in. It was evident that quick action was necessary, the immediate demand appearing for a State-wide organization which should have been perfected very much earlier in the season. As Baltimore consumes about three-quarters of the anthracite coal used in Maryland, and perhaps a similar proportion of bituminous coal, it was imperative to get the situation fully in hand at once. There are also 23 counties in the State, nearly all of which were clamoring for aid and meriting prompt attention. The forming of an effective organization was especially difficult at the time, in view of the desire expressed at Washington that no one interested in fuel business be considered, except in an advisory capacity. The first committee formed was a State committee of five, acting also as a general advisory board, con- sisting of two merchants, one attorney-at-law, one traffic expert, and one insurance agent. Next followed the committee for Baltimore city, consisting of three members of the State committee,, with the later addition of a retail city dealer who rendered most valuable assistance. The prompt selection of chairmen and committees in 23 counties of the State was a perplexing problem but many avenues of information were willingly opened, and the Maryland council of defense was able and ready to assist at all times. Fortunately two counties, Charles and Calvert, depend entirely on local wood supply and needed no organization, while Allegheny and Garrett, being in the bituminous mining fields, con- sume no anthracite coal and could be well supplied by short hauls under direction of one organization. Twenty separate committees were therefore necessary to cover the State, and they were established as soon as possible. All members of the above-mentioned organizations readUy and freely volunteered their services, but an effective working force had to be built up at Baltimore at the same time to cover and direct the many activities there and in the counties. Really effective work began early in December, and the many additions made to the duties of the fuel administration siace its inception have required numerous increases and changes in its committees and working force from time to time. At the time when the Maryland administration was formed conditions everywhere in the coal trade were chaotic. Production had been at a minimum, due to the uncertainty about markets likely to be influenced and turned out of their regular course by Government regulation, and due also to a lack of car supply and to a widespread disorganization and congestion of our railroads. These conditions produced by the immediate and pressing exigencies of the great war threatened a general shortage of adequate coal supply in practically all directions. Domestic consumers had been unable to get supplies, and in a majority of cases public utilities and industrials were working from hand to mouth, with no reserve stocks on hand. The working force of the National Fuel Administration and the methods of supplying various States and districts were -necessarily inadequate, in view of the fact that the whole scheme had been inaugurated only late in the summer- and this condition was aggravated by the unusuaUy cold weather setting in early in December and lasting continuously until early March. There were in existence in Baltimore an association of retail coal dealers, covering domestic distribution in the city and suburbs, and also the Maryland Jobbers' Association, including most of the dealers in car-lot shipments of bituminous coal to points all over the State. Those bodies tendered their aid upon the appoint- ment of the Maryland administrator, and at his request they promptly appoiated committees which have worked untiringly and with great effect in their different branches of the trade. DOMESTIC CONSUMERS. For details of the Baltimore administration, I refer to the enclosed report of Mr. Robert F. Roberts who acted as chairman of the city committee, and also as chairman for Baltimore County. He has devoted his entire time for more than a year to the comfort and weKare of his constituents, and by his untiring energy and 146 FEDERAL FUEL, ADMINISTRATORS. 147 absolute fairness has kept matters well in hand, and has been able to adjust all complaints and prevent dis- crimuiations. His advice in the general administration hiis also been often called for; and sincere thanks are due him for the splendid service rendered. The chairmen and committees of the various counties have labored untiringly to help their people when necessary, and they deserve special thanks and commendation for their efforts, which, unfortunately, could not always be promptly seconded by the State administration during periods of scarcity of supply and lack of rolling stock on the railroads. During December, 1917, and the first 10 weeks of 1918, the various anthracite producers no doubt did all that was possible with the means available to supply their usual trade, but supply and transportation were insufficient. The efforts of the fuel administration to meet the very many speci-al demands for relief were based upon no systematic arrangement, and resulted in the giving of so many imperative orders that the regular flow of coal was frequently interrupted. Fortunately the advent of mild weather early in March brought relief from a wild general scramble for priority service, and subsequently a well-defined plan for anthracite distribu- tion could be worked out for the following coal year. This plan, administered by the anthracite committee in Philadelphia, has worked well, considering the many interests involved in such a combination, but it would have been more effective if it could have been located in Washington, and thus have been worked in absolute agreement with the plans followed there. The insistence of the fuel administration upon early ordering of supplies has caused prolonged worry to many a dealer, but has unquestionably resulted in more coal being stored by householders than ever before during the summer and early fall. This fact, combined with an abnormally mild fall, has produced the result that since January 1, 1919, all consumers seem to be comfortably supplied; and dealers show no desire to accumulate stocks in face of a prospective small demand. INDUSTRIAL SUPPLIES. Before the Maryland administration came into existence, the principal public utilities and plants on special war work were being provided for by direct arrangement from Washington, and this method continued with only occasional calls on the State administration. The immediate problem was to provide bituminous coal for such domestic consumers as could use it, and especiallyfor the manyplants of Baltimore city, andfor thenumerous industrial enterprises all over the State. With stocks at a minimum everywhere, special requisitions through Washington from the mines were generally too late to prevent a shut down of operations, and for a while diver- sions on authority from Washington were the regular order of the day. These were often made to relieve railroad congestion at the Baltimore piers, caused by ice blockade in our harbor and Chesapeake Bay, as well as to care for immediate needs close at hand. In all about 1,000 cars were turned over to the Maryland admin- istration from late December to March 1, which caused much confusion in accounting among shippers and orig- inal and final consignees. Late in February the various district representatives began operations, and by requisitions made upon them the general needs of consumers were supplied as far as production and prior needs of war activities permitted. Very many calls came in the spring and summer from the extended canniag and thrashing trade in the State, which had to be served promptly to save food. Under the greatly increased production at the mines during the summer it was possible to stock up all consumers of bituminous coal before winter, and when the sudden stoppage of war work came, everyone was well supplied, and since then the general market has been overstocked. About 5,000 carloads of bituminous coal were handled through the Baltimore office. A complete record of collections and accounting was kept of all this business. It woidd have been impossible to handle this trade without the active and intelligent assistance of coal men experienced in coal trade conditions, and great depend- ence had to be placed upon the committee of the Maryland coal jobbers who looked after the daily needs of the State. Their cheerfully given service was always at our call, and it was only by their help and direction that many difficulties were overcome. Owing to the unusual methods employed in getting supplies, the Maryland administration was forced into collection of and accounting for shipments, a duty which was certainly not contemplated in the original plan of operation. This work was greatly complicated by three causes, the apparently general habit of not paying coal bills with any promptness or regularity, contracted by many consumers, including the largest and best-rated, the neglect of shippers to render shipping advices and invoices even after repeated requests were made, and the arrival of many cars without billing or record of any kuid as to origin or quality. A large portion of the supplies furnished were of poor quality, and great difficulties that arose with dis- satisfied consumers had to be overcome at times. In general, however, a patriotic spirit prevailed, and appar- ently everyone showed a disposition to get along as well as possible under trying conditions while the war lasted. 148 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIYISIOST. DIVERSIONS. The diversions of about 1,000 cars above mentioned were followed after March 1 by continued diversions made at the scales by the district representatives. There is no one thing that has caused more trouble, cor- respondence, and accounting with shippers, selling agents, and original consignees than this practice, especially as the Maryland administration was generally accused of being the moving cause. It can be definitely stated that not a single carload was diverted on the initiative of the Maryland fuel administration and without previous orders from Washington. The settlements against diverted coal required endless correspondence, complicated by indefinite and frequently conflicting rulings from Washington, and some of the shipments had to be finally adjusted by the aid of the legal department there. By continued effort, practically all these cases have now been adjusted and every carload received has been duly accounted for. LEGAL DEPARTMENT. The enclosed brief report of Mr. R. E. Lee Marshall speaks well for the spirit of our State. It has been a matter of frequent remark how readily and generally our citizens have followed the many calls made on them, often resulting in serious inconveniences and losses. It would appear that more can be accomplished by reasonable persuasion than by harsh prescription and compulsion. Mr. Marshall has nevertheless given much time and effort to the cause and has helped to solve many knotty problems bound to arise in such times of emergency as we have passed through. CONSERVATION. The report of Mr. John H. Gildea, jr., director of conservation, and Mr. Henry Adams, State administrative engineer, fully portray conditions in their departments. Their efforts will have a lasting effect and have been most useful in disclosing possibilities of great saving in many directions. A real test of results obtained would have been apparent if last year's conditions had continued during this winter, but happily the prospect of peace and an early return to a normal basis have materially alleviated all former difficulties. , At the present time the entire Maryland organization has been disbanded, the force being gradually reduced and supplies disposed of since December, 1918, as the work decreased. The employees of the various ofl&ces have always worked with great zeal, irrespective of extra calls upon their time and patience during the long periods of rush work, and they merit special thanks for their devotion to duty. Necessarily our organization had to call frequently upon Washington for advice and direction, and it is a great pleasure to testify to the uniform courtesy and cooperation which met us there. Yours, very respectfully, F. A. Meter, Federal Fuel Administrator for Maryland. Baltimore, Md. February 28, 1919. Mr. F. A. Meyer, Fuel Administrator, Baltimore, Md. Dear Sir: As chairman of the Baltimore City fuel committee, I beg to submit herewith a report of the work done by that committee since its formation on November 26, 1917, to handle the local domestic fuel problem. The committee was composed of Messrs. John H. Gildea, jr., Herbert Sheridan, and myself; Mr. H. C. Hill was appointed as a member on July 1, 1918, to represent the retail coal dealers. The city committee found the retail coal dealers with a trade organization, known as the Baltimore Coal Exchange, which included practically all the companies and firms engaged in the handling of coal for domestic use. At an early date this exchange appointed a committee of three of its members, Messrs. J. Harry West H. B. HiU, and B. M. Watts, to confer with the city committee as representatives of the trade for the purpose of carrying out the instructions of the United States Fuel Administration. There developed from the heginning a spirit of cooperation and evident intention on the part of the dealers to handle the situation in a manner entirely just and fair to aU concerned, and this made it possible to agree speedily on prices and regulations. According to data previously compiled by the coal exchange committee reflecting the cost of handling anthracite coal to domestic users by 14 firms during the year 1916-17, it was shown that the average cost was $1.82 per gross ton. Using this as a basis, we decided to allow a gross margin of $2 per ton above mine cost freight, and war tax. This margin of profit covered aU operating cost including cellar delivery where chute could be used. A reasonable allowance was made for labor where bagging or carrying in was necessary. In fixing this uniform gross margm, the city committee felt that while it was perhaps high for the dealers enjoying the best faciHties for handling coal, it would yield only a slight profit to the smaller receivers whose ability to get coal was limited. The city committee desired to preserve all the units of distribution and make it possible for the smaller retailers to stay in business. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTBATORS. 149 TAKING CARE OF EMERGENCY CASES. At the fii'st meeting with the coal exchange committee we were assured by them that they w;ould be able to supply fuel to all consumers who failed to get the necessary supplies from the regular dealers, if such cases were reported to the secretarj'' of the Baltimore Coal Exchange, Mr. Julius HeUweg, who would in turn find a dealer with the kind of coal wanted. During the first week of December, 1917, three such cases were brougiit to our notice and all were promptly reheved. However, by the middle of December it became evident that the stock in the dealers' hands and Ught arrivals from the mines would be msufhcient to prevent great suffering. As, this opinion gained, our oflB.ce was besieged with anxious mquiries for more coal, and reports of suffering began. By working through the dealers, many cases were relieved promptly. But by January the great storms began that temporarily stopped raihoad traflRc from the nunes. The hmited stocks in the city were soon exhausted, and efforts were made to substitute bituminous coal for hot water and steam heaters. Dr. Garfileld was appealed to for aid, and the administration ordered eight cars of domestic anthracite coal weekly to be divided among the various sections of the city. This coal was handled by Wilcox & Ziegler, W. J. Chapman Coal Co., and the Chesapeake Coal Co., on whom orders were issued by the city committee. In aU, 70 cars of antliracite coal M-ere handled in this manner, and by limitmg deliveries to small lots, and by the help of the dealers, it is estimated that 7,000 homes received temporary rehef. The use of bituminous coal for domestic purposes had never been encouraged in Baltimore, where previously anthracite coal had been easily obtained in sufficient quantities. But it became apparent that the pubhc would have to be educated to the burning of bituminous coal, and with this object in view a pamphlet was printed and cii'culated giving directions as to how to get the best results in the efforts to substitute bituminous coal wherever possible. SMALL BAG TRADE. While the prices charged ton buyers were fixed by the city committee and followed by the dealers, there developed during the severe weather of the winter of 1917-18 a trade for coal in small bags to serve the poorer consumers, who bought their needs from day to day by the peck and bag. The absence of regulation was taken advantage of, and practically all the complaints of profiteering that were reported came from this class of people. To prevent a recurrence of this abuse, the city committee formulated rules governing the sale and price by the peck, and also estabhshed a standard size of bag to hold 16^ pounds, net coal, these bags to be plainly printed, giving the names of packers, kind of coal, and weight. Much of the abuse was reported to have come from the custom of the storekeepers taking back the bags and refilling them without a standard of weight. To overcome this, the packers were instructed to seal the bags with gum tape so that they could not be refilled or tampered with while in the hands of the retailers. Cards were printed and furnished retailers with instruc- tions to post in a conspicuous place, so that the buyers might see just what they should get for their money. This plan also made it possible for the police to protect the buyers. The spring of 1918 brought the problem of distributing anthracite coal to the consumers for the winter of 1918-19. The city committee found the retail coal men anxious to do their part in carrying out the plan outlined from Washington and these dealers promptly began booking orders for two-thirds of the yearly require- ments of the consumers. The buyers were urged to place their orders with the retailers who had previously supplied them, as it was thought that dealers would be best able to judge of the yearly, requirements of the houses. ALLOTMENT FOR BALTIMORE. The allotment of anthracite coal for Baltimore City and suburbs was fixed by the anthracite committee at about 700,000 tons. When the amount was decided upon, the dealers were asked to make monthly statements, beginning April 1, reflecting the situation as it developed. This plan worked satisfactorily until dealers realized that the tonnage being booked was greatly in excess of the monthly shipments of coal. Early in July it became apparent that it would be necessary to request the dealers to suspend the two- thirds rule and make dehveries of single loads only to each consumer until such time as the supply increased, the anthracite committee having found, it expedient to divert Maryland's quota in part to take care of the more distant points, such as New England and Lake points, which had to be served by water transportation before freezing weather came on. Certain parts of the city were badly in need of fuel, especially those served by some of the "independent company" shippers, whose abihty to supply their allotment proved disappointing. To meet this situation, we were compelled to ask for a supply of "liquid" coal to be charged to the State fuel administrator and apphed 150 EEPORT OP ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. where most needed. In all, 55 cars of anthracite coal were distributed in this way, and they served greatly to satisfy the urgent demands. By December the shipments began to increase, and this fact, added to the favorable weather conditions, eased the demand; and by the beginning of 1919 it was evident that a sufficient quantity of hard coal would be obtainable for aU the domestic requirements. PRICES AND GROSS MARGINS. The gross margins on anthracite coal established in 1917 of $2 per ton had to be increased to $2,50 and later to $2.60 to meet the increased cost of conducting the business and the advance in labor and overhead expenses. It has been quite evident that with a steady supply of coal instead of the very irregular arrivals — which necessitated a loss from idle equipment and labor^the dealers could have operated on a lower gross margin of profit. BITUMINOUS COAL. The sources from which bituminous coal supplies are received represent many districts in the bituminous region. Many of these districts have different cost prices at the mines, and besides during the early months of the administration's work the element of contract coal made it difficult to establish a uniform seUing price for this fuel. The administration, however, estabhshed a gross margin of $1.50 per net ton for sidewalk delivery. This was changed in November, 1918, to $2 where deliveries were made to dwellings and apartments. For industrial purposes, office buildings, and hotels the gross margin remained at $1.50 per net ton over the dealer's cost. WOOD. The use of wood in Baltimore was principally as kindling, and wood was sold in small lots. The other use of wood as fuel was mostly for open grates, and consequently it was considered a luxury used in addition to the usual domestic fuel. Owing to the embargoes on shipments of wood, making the price for such supplies that could reach this market very high, no attempt was made to regulate the selling price of this article. In the work that has been done by the city committee, it is a pleasure to note the hearty cooperation of the retail coal trade through the coal exchange committee. The retail dealers with scarcely an exception have shown a desire to abide by the rules governing the administration in their efforts to give an equal and fair dis- tribution of the domestic fuel supply. In holding the allotment to the conditions of the basic year, there must be, necessarily, many instances where the producing companies were not allowed, or were unable to duplicate, the service of the 1916-17 year, while the customers of the large companies enjoyed good service at low cost. In conclusion, I desire to thank you for the consideration and courtesy you have shown at all times. Yours, very truly, Robert F. Roberts, (Jhairman City Committee. Baltimore, Md., February 17, 1919. F. A. Meyer, Esq., State Fuel Administrator, Baltimore. Dear Sir: Complying with your request for a report as State director of enforcement, I take pleasure in informing you that owing to the loyal cooperation of the people of Maryland the duties of this office have been very largely of a nominal character. My appointment was dated the 11th day of September, 1918, and since that time there have been no cases calling for positive action on my part. A few cases of apparent violations have been referred to me which, upon investigation, have been found to be within the fuel regulations and in which, therefore, no action was recom- mended or taken. Prior to my appointment as director of enforcement, I served as legal advisor to you and in this capacity I also had an opportunity to note the very general cooperation of the community in the observance of the fuel regulations issued from time to time. In fact, I may say that practically all of the work which I have been called upon to do as legal advisor has been to construe and explain the purport and meaning of the various regulations as issued from time to time, and when such regulations have been fully tmderstood I have found a very general desire on the part of the community to observe these regulations loyally without regard to personal inconvenience or embarrassment. Very truly, yours, -n ,f R. E, L, Marshall, Baltimore, Md., February 8, 1919. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 151 Mr. Ferdinand A. Meyer, Fuel Administrator, Baltimore, Md. Dear Sir: Agreeable to your request, I beg to submit my report for the conservation bureau for Maryland. The order issued by the Fuel Administration on the 17th of January, 1918, calling for a stoppage of work on all industries exceptiag those absolutely essential to the war, was the beginning of the conservation work in this department. The shutdown order was issued for a complete shutdown for five days, followed by a weekly shutdown; the first three served as a clearing-up day and helped speed the movement of freight. By the fourth Monday condi- tions were so much better that the Fuel Administration suspended the further closings provided in the original order. This was followed by lightless nights. This order was issued on November 9, 1917, for the purpose of conserving the fuel supply of the Nation, and was carried out to the letter, the people cooperating with your department in every possible way. Very few complaints Were made regarding the nonobservance of this order, and on December 14 the lightless nights were restricted to Sundays and Thursdays, and Sunday, December 16, 1917, was the first one on which the order became effective. On April 22, 1918, the order was temporarily suspended. A new order issued July 18, and effective July 24, stipulated that the use of light produced by coal, gas, oil, or other fuel for illuminating or for the external ornamentation of buildings would be discontinued entirely on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays of each week and on November 29, 1918, the lightless-night order was entirely set aside. Coal saving ia the home was taken up; considerable literature was distributed among householders with telling effect. Householders were limited to two-thirds of their usual supply of coal temporarily, but economy had been practiced to such an extent ia the homes, that with the help of the mild winter, I feel that the supply laid in by householders will be ample to carry them through this winter, thereby saving quite a considerable tonnage. The skip-stop system became effective on our electric railway and was in effect for some time ; but, owing to the pecTiliar conditions existing in Baltimore, the railway company and the electric light company procuring most of their light and power from the Susquehanna River, the saving ia coal amounted to comparatively little in these pubhc-service corporations. Laundries and ice cream factories were limited to certain days for collecting and delivering; their plants were closed for two whole days a week, thereby helping to save quantities of coal. The laying up of aU pleasure craft was announced by the Fuel Administration on May 29, to be effective from June 1, 1918, to May 31, 1919. This, ia itseff, saved considerable coal; we found the public very patriotic, most of them tendering their craft to the Government. WOOD. Considerable stress was laid by the fuel administration on the propriety of teaching coal consumers to substitute wood for coal. In this connection I asked the aid of the Maryland State forester, Mr. F. W. Besley, f or his assistance, and I am glad to say that he did everything possible to help educate the people along these lines. Committees were appointed in each county to cooperate with this department, and thanks are due them for their hearty cooperation. In rural communities people who had previously used coal, but who were in easy reach of wood supply, could be induced to burn wood, thus effecting a saving in coal. To this end the publicity campaign was inaugu- rated through the coimty press, which was supplied with posters and plate matter ready for publication. The material was used extensively, and impressed the people generally with the need of substituting wood for coal as their patriotic duty. Not only was there increased use of wood in the winter of 1917, but a much larger quantity of wood was cut for 1918 than ever before in preparation for a probable coal famine. The mild winter and the abundance of coal prevented, fortunately, a real test of general wood substitute. Respectfully submitted. John H. Gildea, Jr., Ghief of Conservation for Maryland. Baltimore, Md., January SI, 1919. 152 REPORT OF ADMINISTEATIVB DIVISION. Mr. F. A. Meyer, Fuel Administrator, Baltimore, Md. Dear Sir: With reference to and in addition to my report of January 31, 1919, on the results of conserva- tion activities and the use of wood in the State of Maryland, I beg to say that the results obtained are particu- larly difficult to estimate for the present coal year owing to the unusually mild winter. Judging from the calls made upon dealers and the amounts delivered, I estimate the saviag of domestic fuel as against a normal year to be at least 25 per cent, and I think that of this amount about 10 per cent might be put down as the result of conservation work and propaganda throughout the State. The tonnage saved would unquestionably have been greater but for the poor quality of coal mined with unusual admixture of slate and other waste material. A small portion of the domestic fuel saved may be put down to the substitution of wood, possibly 1 per cent. A general test of this question was prevented by various causes, such as raihoad embargoes on distant shipments, exorbitant prices asked for wood, and a liberal supply of coal, resulting from mild weather; yet there has been coal saved in riu-al districts where wood was available and in other locahties where open-grate fires were sufficient for heating houses. Allowing for the amoimt of anthracite coal needed for public utilities and industrial purposes, the amount of anthracite coal allotted to Maryland was approximately 900,000 tons, on which the above estimate should be based. Yours, very truly, John H. Gildea, Jr., Chief of Conservation for Maryland. Baltimore, Md., February 7, 1919. Mr. Ferdinand A. Meter, Federal Fuel Administrator, U. S. Fuel Administration, Baltimore, Md. Dear Sir: I beg to submit to you herewith my report in connection with my duties as administrative engineer under your jurisdiction as Federal fuel administrator of the United States Fuel Administration for the State of Maryland. Considering the various subdivisions under which the coal saving has been attempted, I beg to report on the following items, which were directly connected with my department: 1. Stationary steam plants. 4. Consolidation or interconnection of central stations. 5. Closing down isolated plants. 6. Substitution of water power for steam power. 7. Street railways (skip-stop, etc.). 8. Combination of artificial-ice and refrigerating plants. Stationary steam plants. — In connection with this item, I beg to report that a complete list of all steam power plants of the State was prepared from a number of som-ces, as the list sent out by the statistical depart- ment was entirely incomplete. There were 1,460 questionnaires sent out over the State, and of these many were returned as not being affected by the questionnaire on account of the use of shavings, sawdust, and ottier offal as fuel for generating steam instead of coal. After sending out the questionnaires I lectured before the various Stationary Engineers' Associations on the absolute necessity of saving fuel, and furthermore illustrated to them how and where a saving could be effected. The next important step was to get in direct touch with the owners of steam plants to obtain their cooper- ation. In general, plant owners have heretofore neglected their engine and boiler rooms and have not cooperated with their operating engineers toward a conservation of fuel. When the matter, however, was brought to their attention through the fuel administration, it immediately caused them to look energetically into the subject, and in almost all cases very good results have been obtained, with a comparatively smaU expenditure 'of money. There were many plants that kept no record whatever of fuel consumed, had no controlling apphances, and gave no attention to leaks of boiler settings, steam joints, covering of bare steam piping, etc. When it was pointed out to them what a saving of money would be effected by attending to these items they immediately had the work done, with a consequent paving of fuel not only for the present but also for the future. It has fully proved to many skeptical plant owners that a saving could be effected by closer attention to their engine and boUer rooms and by cooperation with their operating force. It was rather surprising to me to find the number of large plants that were not heated by exhaust steam. This item alone has resulted in many cases in a saving of huhdreds of tons of coal per year. One type of plant FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 153 i. e., the large canning establishments, I found especially wasteful, not alone in the wastefulness of steam in process of work but also in carelessness and neglect in the use of fuel and upkeep of plant. Just as soon as the questionnaires were sent out there was no end of requests for advice and personal inspec- tions. During personal visits to the plants, while 1 found a few owners inclined to take an arbitrary view toward the conservation of fuel, in most cases they were more than willing to cooperate with the fuel administration in every way possible, and immediately made arrangements to make any improvements suggested. In response to circular letters issued to plants for the purpose of ascertaining recommendations carried out and savings effected, I wash to state that I find in general a compliance with the suggestions and recom- mendations of the fuel administration, with a considerable saving of coal in many instances, although in many cases the inferior grade of coal received necessitated the burning of the same amount as previously, and in quite a few plants more coal. I did not find the services of the inspectors of tlie insurance companies of very great value, they having returned few questionnaires of plants inspected, and some inspectors did not correct improperly fUled out ques- tionnaires. The other inspectors were, however, of considerable assistance. The work started by the United States Fuel Administration is being kept up, especially in all of our large manufacturing establishments. The working force in most cases have been or are being supplied with con- trolling and recording devices in iire rooms; the boiler plants are Ijeing overhauled and impi-oved, stoking devices installed in quite a number of instances: in other words, the boiler and engine rooms are being placed on a business footing, the same as any other department of a manufacturing establishment. Since the active work of the administration has stopped, quite a number of savings have been recorded from which I calculate that, due to the work of the fuel administration, the least saving effected is at least 10 per cent, which on 4,000,000 tons would be 400,000 tons per annum. I am satisfied that this saving will be very much greater, as the quality of coal is increasing very materially over that furnished last year. Plant owners are alive to the possibility of fuel saving, and are bending every effort to accomplish this result. Consolidation or interconnection of central stations. — In this connection nothing was accomplished practi- cally, for the rejson that there was no field for accomplishing anything. In the few instances where a consoli- dation would have been of value as to fuel saving, the diversity of interest at the time virtually blocked all consideration. Closing dovn isdatcd plants. — In connection with this item, I beg to report tli.at all details were carefully considered and all data gathered where saving of fuel could be made, but all work had to be abandoned for the reason that in this city the Consolidated Gas, Electric Light & Power Co. were unable to take any additional load caused by the closing down of wasteful isolated plants; in fact, they were compelled to reduce the amount of current furnished their regular customers due to the tremendous additional load required of them by various muidtion plants. With reference to this subject, I also investigated the various isolated plants in existence in this city to ascertain their load conditions, and the possibility of using any surplus load either in electricity or steam, which could be used for lighting or heating in the vicinity of such plants, so as to relieve the central station of private customers and otherwise save fuel. Such procedure did not meet with any response on the part of the Consoli- dated Gas, Electric Light & Power Co. ; however, the ending of the war stopped all work. Substitution of water -power for steam, power. — There was no work in connection with this item, nor is there a possibility to accompUsh anything in this State, inasmuch as water power is now utilized as far as possible by the public service corporations. Street railways (sHp-stop, etc.). — The skip-stop was already in existence in this city when I started as ad- ministrative engineer. My investigation of this system, however, convinces me that there was absolutely no saving of fuel in connection with this plan, as the bulk of power used for street railway service is furnished by water power of the McCalls Ferry Hydroelectric plant. It is my opinion that the skip-stop plan here has resulted only in disadvantage to the public. Combination of artificial ice and refrigerating plants. — This work was barely started when the war stopped. In conclusion I beg to thank you for the hearty cooperation extended, and I wish to state that it was a great pleasure to assist you in the duties involved. Yours, very truly, Henry Adams, State Administrative Engineer. Baltimore, Md., January 2S, 1919. 154 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DlVISIOlJr. MARYLAND. Name. Meyer, Ferdinand A. Suter, JesseC STATE ADVISORY BOAED. England, Charles Gildea, John H., jr Marshall, Robert E. Lee. Boberts, Robert F Sheridan, Herbert . STATE ADVISORY BOAED rOK TVOOD FUEL. Gildea, John H., jr. Besley, F. W Black, John B Symons, T. B STATE ADVISORY BOARD OF ENGINEEE3. Cromwell, O. C . De Baufre, W. L. KeiLholtz, P. O . . . MoKaig, W. W Pangborn, Thomas W., Walden, A. E STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Skeen, Edwin G Gildea, John H., jr. Adams, Henry Glaser, Harry W Sheridan, Herbert Buddemeier, Lillian. Escott, 'Wm. Ernest - Folb, Leo Funk, Mrs. E. A Ganster, Ella Hughes, Ethel M Lacher, E. Elizabeth. Legg, Edward D Lewis, R. H McEhoy, William H., Mullen.Mary C Gehm, Mary W Rubenstein, Alex H - Seidel, Nettie T Wood, Bessie L... Young, George E . BALTIMORE CITY AND COUNTY FUEL COM- MITTEE. Roberts, Robert F . Gildea, John H., jr . Hill, H. C Sheridan, Herbert . INSPECTORS OF BOILERS, FURNACES, ETC. Berry, F. A Coleman, Albert - Coleman, G. W. Diedrioh, A. J . - Enderle, Eugene C Morey, G. W. Hall, C. H. Hermann, Wilham A . Johnson, T Kelly, A. H Macdonald, James R. Muthert, F. W , Randall, J. L . Thoms, C. H..., Whitter, W. E., Wilson, B Jackson, Leo Title. State fuel administrator Assistant fuel administrator for Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. Assistant to State fuel adminis- trator. Chief of conservation Administrative engineer Assistant to administrative en- gineer. Publicity manager Stenographer Clerk ....do Telephone operator. Stenographer Clerk Accountant . Clerk do do Stenographer and clerk.. Clerk do do ....do. Porter . Chairman. Inspector . ....do.... -do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do- .do. .do. OiBcial station. 16 Commerce Street, Baltimore. U. S. Fuel Adininistration, Washington, D. C. Baltimore.. -do- .do. -do- -do. Baltimore-. do do do Baltimore- . -do. .do- -do- .do. .do. Baltimore.. .do. .do. -do- -do- .do. .do- -do- -do- -do- -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do- -do- -do- -do- -do. -do- Baltimore.. -do- .do- -do- Baltimore. -do- -do. -do- -do- .do. .do. -do. -do- -do- -do- -do. -do- .do. -do. .do. -do. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. 5 Beechman Road, Roland Park. 911 Webster Street NW., Wash- ington, D. C. 308 Chamber of Commerce, Balti- more. 4 Abell Building, Baltimore 9 West ChasS Street, Baltimore. . 4319 Charles Street Avenue, Balti- more. 17 South Street, Baltimore 4 Abell Building, Baltimore 113 Beechdale Road, Roland Park Roslyn , College Park Northeast comer Elsinor and Beech Avenues, Baltimore. 84 Market Street, Annapolis , 127 West Landvale Street, Balti- more. Cumberland , Hagerstown Hamilton Avenue, Raspeburg 2702 Maryland Avenue, Baltimore 4 Abell Building, Baltimore 2038 Park Avenue, Baltimore 519 North Linwood Avenue, Bal- timore. Chestnut Hill, Mount Washington 11 North Kenwood Avenue, Bal- timore. 2722 Maryland Avenue, Baltimore 1410 Madison Avenue, Baltimore- . 825 Harford Avenue, Baltimore - - 1943 West Baltimore Street, Bal- timore. 2740 Maryland Avenue, Baltimore, 806 Ridgely Street, Baltimore 317 Forest Road, Roland Park 24W Chelsea Terrace, Baltimore . . . 4101 Penhurst Avenue, West Ar- lington. 21 West Preston Street, Baltimore. 101 South East Avenue, Baltimore . 3050 Brighton Street, Baltimore. 10 West Twenty-flfth Street, Bal- timore. Shady Nook, Catonsville . . . 912 North Parrish Street, Balti- more. 4319 Charles Street Avenue, Bal- timore. 4 Abell Building Baltimore 417 North Charles Street, Balti- more. Chestnut Hill, Mount Washington. 1538 Poplar Grove Street, Balti- more. Walker Avenue, near Rock Road, Baltimore. 514 Forest Road, Roland Park 226 North CaroUne Street, Balti- more. 1704 Ruxton Avenue, Baltimore 2710 Fenwick Avenue, Baltimore 111 McMechen Street, Baltimore. 1517 Hoffman Street, Baltimore . . 4902 Crowson Avenue, Baltimore. West Winstone Avenue, Govans, Baltimore. 3019 Windsor Avenue, Baltimore 605 North Calhoun Street, Balti- more. 34 South Fremont Avenue, Balti- more. 109 Jackson Street, Baltimore York Road, Lutherville 516 Bosedale Terrace, Baltimore . Woodlawn Post Office V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s s V S V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 20,1917 Oct. 31,1918 Nov. 26,1917 .do. .do- -do. .do. Jan. 15,1918 Jan. 26, 1918 do ....do Sept. 15,1918 .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. Dec. 12,1917 Sept. 1,1918 July 3,1918 July! 16,1918 June 22,1918 June 28,1918 Oct. 14,1918 Dec. 15,1918 July 1, 1918 Aug. 12,1918 Dec. 5, 1917 Jan. 25,1918 July 1,1918 Deo. 16,1917 Jan. 17,1918 Sept. 9,1918 Aug. 26,1918 Feb. 4,1918 Sept. 20,1918 Oct. 1,1918 Nov. 26,1917 -..-do July 1,1918 Nov. 26,1917 Aug. 29,1918 Sept. 4,1918 ....do Oct. 31,1918 Oct. 30,1918 Oct. 31,1918 Oct. 30,1918 Sept. 4,1918 Aug. 27,1918 do Sept. 16,1918 Sept. 4,1918 Oct. 30,1918 Sept. 4,1918 Sept. 14,1918 Sept. 30,1918 Aug. 28,1918 To— Mar. 15,1919 Do. Feb. 12,1918 Feb. 15, 1919 Feb. 18, 1919 Feb. 12, 1919 Do. Feb. 12,1919 Do. Do. Do. Feb. 12,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 10,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Do. Do. July 29,1918 Dec. 21,1918 Aug. 27,1918 Dec. 15,1918 Jan. 23,1919 Dec. 18,1918 Deo. 15,1918 Mar. 10,1919 July 16,1918 Deo. 28,1918 fan. 19,1918 Jan. 31,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Jan. 31,1919 Do. Oct. 7, 1918 Mar. 10,1919 Feb. 12,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTKATORS. MARYLAND— Continued. , FUEL COMMITTEES. 155 Name. facial station. Volun- teer or salary. COXTNTT FITEL COMMITTEES. Allegany and Garrett: Koon, Thomas W. .chair- man. Reminger, Julius Robb, David A Hutson, Fannie, stenog- rapher. Anne Arundel: Martin, Simon S., chair- man. Hart, Walter H., chair- man. Ijee, Charles F., chair- man. Rice, H. L., member Hart, Beatrice E., typ- ist. Martin, Edith K., typ- ist. Caroline: Hobbs, H. C, chairman. CarroU: Koontz, H. E., chatr- man. Devries , Harry R Eoons, M. A Cecil: Wtrbuton, Chas. E., chairman. Brown, George E Giles, 0. G Dorchester: Orem, Earle W., chair- man. Bradley, Vernon S Simmons, Edgar B Bramble, Helen V., ste- nographer and clerk. Frederick: "Warehime, C. C, chair- man. GrifBn, David O Dronenburg, I. Murray . . Wilcoxon, George E Harford: Dallam, Richard, chair- man. Davis, James W Strasbaugh, Harry P Moore, Margaret K., McRoy, S. Etta, clerk... Howard: Powell, W. S., chair- man. Kroh, J. Edw., chair- man. Clark, James Carr, George W Norris, Richard C Kent: Barroll, Hope H., chair- man. Collins, R.H Cumberland Oakland Cumberland.. ....do Annapolis.. do 179 Gloucester Street, An- napolis. -Vnnapolis do do... Denton. Westminster.. Sykesville Taneytown. . . Elkton.. .do.. .do- Cambridge . -do., -do., -do.. Frederick. Copper, W. B Russell, L. Bates Montgomery: Suter, Jesse C, assist- ant fuel administrator. Laird, Philip D., chair- man. Farguhar, Allan Darby, Charles R .do .do .do Bel Air.. do Aberdeen. do Bel Air EUicottCity. do do........ do Elkridge.... Chestertown. do -do., .do., 911 Webster Street NW. Washington. Rockville Sandy Spring.. Rockville Served. From- V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Doc. 3,1917 ....do .-..do May 2, 1918 Deo. 1, 1917 Jan. 8, 1918 Oct. 23,1918 Apr. 30,1918 Feb. 16,1918 Dec. 16,1917 Dec. 31,1918 Dec. 7, 1917 -do., -do.. Jan. 7, 1918 .do., -do.. To- Dec. 7, 1917 Dec. 8,1917 ....do Feb. 15,1918 Dec. 3, 1917 do Nov. 1,1918 Dec. 3,1917 Dec. 1,1917 -...do ....do May 1,1918 do Dec. 1,1917 Jan. 7, 1918 Jan. 1,1918 Oct. 24,1918 Dec. 1, 1917 .do., .do. .do.... .do.... Oct. 31,1918 Dec. 1,1917 -do., .do- Fob. 6,1919 Do. Do. Jan. 31,1919 Jan. 5,1918 Oct. 22,1918 Feb. 6, 1919 Oct. 22,1918 Oct. 24,1918 Jan. 17,1918 Oct. 4,1918 Feb. 6,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 31,1919 Feb. 6,1919 Nov. 1,1918 Feb. 6, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 31,1919 Do. Jan. 7, 1918 Feb. 6,1919 Oct. 23,1918 Feb. 6,1919 Do. Deo. 2,1918 Do. Do. Do. Mar. 15,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES - continued. Prince Georges: Suter, Josse C, assist- ant luel administrator. Jolmstono, Robert B., chairman. Bowde, Bryce Roberts, Clarence M Wilson, JohnH Owens, Clarence J Jolmstono, Mary E., typist and assistant. Queen Annes: Wright, Walter T., chairman. Brown, Madison Perry, John M West, Charles M Thompson, P. H., clerk.. Somerset: Lankford, Columbus, chairman. Dashiell, Harry C Loreman, Harold L Dashiell, Helen M., ste- nographer. Strickland, Olive, ste- nographer. St. Marys: Hayden, C. V., chair- man. Beverly, George C Jones, John W Talbot: Henry, T. Hughlett, chairman. Nelson, Henry E Walker,R. R Fleming, Elma, stenog- rapher. Washington: Scott, J. McPherson, chairman. Meredith, H. L. Trantum, C. H . Sodergren, Ruth,stenog- rapher and clerk. Wicomico: Douglass, Saml. R., chairman. Downing, Wm. J., chair man. Jones, I. E Mitchell, E. D Dlckerson, W. W Smith, Algea A., clerk. . . Tansill, Velma, clerk Walton, CoraL., detail work. Worcester: Ross, E. M., chairman. . . Bonneville, F. Lee., chairman. Corddry, Charles W Furbush, Edward S Official station. Volun- tcer or salary. 911 Webster Street NW., Washington. Hyattsville do. Landover. Hyattsville.. Riverdale . . . Hyattsville. . Centerville . .do., .do., .do., .do. Princess Anne.. ....do Crisfleld Princess Aime.. ....do Leonardtown. ....do..., Pearson. Easton. , Trappe Easton ....do.... 14 1 West Washington Street, Hag- erstown. 456 Summit Avenue, Hagerstown. 915 Oak Hill Avenue, Hagerstown. Hagersto^vn Salisbury . do.... do do do do do 106 William St., Salisbury PocomokeCity. do Snow Hill.. Berlin V V S V V V V V s s s V V V V Served. From— V Oct. 31,1918 V Jan. 31,1918 V V V V S Feb. 1,1918 Sept. 10, 1918 Veb. 1, 1918 May 1,1918 Oct. 1, 1918 V Dec. 27,1917 V V V s do do do Dec. 2,1918 V Nov. 28,1917 V V s Dec. 10,1917 do Apr. 1,1918 s May 15,1918 V Dec. 19,1917 V V do do V Dec. 10,1917 V V s do do Dec. 1,1917 Dec. 8,1917 ...do .do. -do- Dec. 1,1917 Oct. 1,1918 Dec. 1,1917 do Oct. 1, 1918 Dec. 6,1917 July 1,1918 Oct. 1, 1918 Dec. 21,1917 July 1, 1918 .do. .do. To— Mar. 15,1919 Mar. 1,1919 Sept. Mar. May Mar. Feb. 10, 1918 1,1919 1,1918 1,1919 1,1919 Feb. 6, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Dec. 24,1918 Feb. 6,1919 Do. Do. May 15,1918 Jan. 15,1919 Feb. 6, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 31,1919 Feb. 6,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 6, 1919 Jan. 31,1919 Oct. 1, 1918 Feb. 6, 1919 Do Oct. 1,1918 Feb. 6,1919 June 30,1918 Oct. 1,1918 Jan. 31,1919 June 30,1918 Feb. 6,1919 Do. Do. MASSACHUSETTS AND NEW ENGLAND. We are inclosing our organization chart and an accompanying memorandum designated as Appendices A and B, respectively. The chart, which is headed "General Organization Plan of the Federal Fuel Adminis- tration for New England" (Appendix A), is wholly a Massachusetts organization plan except that the depart- ments with capital letters C, D, E, F, G, H, and I, exercise functions that are applicable to all New England as well as to Massachusetts. The memorandum, Appendix B, describes, briefly, the activities of the departments with capital letters A and C to H, inclusive. We have outlined the activities of our conservation department, designated on our organization chart with the capital letter B in more detail, and we accordingly enclose as Appendix C, with subappendix A, a pre- liminary report, describing its work this year, prepared by Prof. Arthur E. Norton, executive secretary of the department. With these exceptions the organization chart, Appendix A, it seems to us, adequately describes our activi- ties for the purposes outlined in Dr. Garfield's telegram and the supplementary letter. Yours, very truly, John B. Pierce, Deputy. For James J. Storrow, Federal Fuel Administrator for New England and for Massachusetts. Boston, Mass., December I4, 1918. Appendix B. MEMORANDUM TO ACCOMPANY CHART. (A) Local committees. — The Federal fuel administration for Massachusetts, 14 months ago, organized a local fuel committee of three men in each of 314 Massachusetts communities. Members of these committees were nominated, for the most part, by existing local public safety committees, and were appointed by the Federal fuel administrator for Massachusetts. It is the duty of these committees to investigate carefully and thoroughly all the factors entering into the cost of coal in their respective communities, and to determine, subject to the approval of the Federal fuel administration for Massachusetts, a fair local retail price, to furnish the State fuel administration with what- ever local information is necessary to enable it to perform its functions properly, and to act generally as the agent of the United States Fuel Administration in the conservation and distribution, locally, of hard and soft coal, and in the policing and enforcement of its regulations. (C) Advisory shippers' committee; (F) United States Shipping Board, Emergency Fleet Corporation, divi- sion of operations. — The Federal fuel administrator for Massachusetts has complete supervision of the chartering of all vessels assigned to the New England coal-carrying trade by the United States Shipping Board and the shipping control committee. He is advised, however, in the disposition of the ships by the advisory shippers' committee, so called, of the New England fuel administration. 'The United States Shipping Board, Emergency Fleet Corporation, division of operations, has a New England representative, the coal transportation agent for this district, -who has direction of the management and operation of all the steamers in the New England coal trade. In August there were 125 ships with a tonnage of 483,262 assigned to the New England coal trade. (D) Payment for and rebiUing of administration coal; (E) Allocation of administration coal. — The depart- ment of the New England fuel admuiistration for the payment and rebUling of administration coal was organ- ized by the Federal fuel administrator for New England to finance the purchase and cost of transportation of emergency coal billed to J. J. Storrow, Federal fuel administrator for New England. Other departments of the New England fuel administration determine the final distribution of emergency coal and of any coal diverted or requisitioned by the New England fuel administration after it is inside New England boundaries. These departments keep the New England fuel administrator in touch with all con- sumers, receive applications for coal, and, in general, superintend the distribution of all coal in New England. The bills for coal billed to J. J. Storrow are sent to the financial office charged with the payment for and rebiUing of administration coal. These bLUs are properly entered and checked and payments promptly made to the shippers. 156 KEW ENGLAND STATE FUEL ADMINISTRATORS CONNECTICUT. . W.RusseH. . Hartford Deputy. . ..CM Jayn&5 MAINE J. C.Hmkn.. Portland Deputy . . ..N. Clitford MASSACHUSETTS V>/i/i'/'/i7«'. . Boston Deputy md Sen.iecrefar/. ..J.B. Pierpe Deputy. .. ..UH. Howie NEW HAMPSHIRE. It. E. Slayton. litmchester Secretary. ..A.W. Ptiinney RHODE ISLAND. . I^.G.CIiace.. Providence. Secretary. . . J. T. Wilson VERMONT. . . H.J.M. Jones. . Montpelier Sec retary. .. M.L. Wood Appendix A GENERAL ORGANIZATION PLAN OF THE FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATION FOR NEW ENGLAND - STATE HOUSE, BOSTON TELEPHONE HAYMARKET 4600 Corrected to Nov. !,19i8 Milk St Boston. F.H.ZS44 ^LL0CATION OF iMINlSTRATION COAL W. W. Willeti. Ch'm L F. Leiohton B. Cove! 148 State St Boston. Rich. JSIO U.S. SHIPPING BOARD EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATION DIVISION OF OPERATIONS Capt. A. L. Crowley Room 167 Line sso FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATOR FOR NEW ENGLAND J ames J. Storro w DEPUTY AND GENERAL SECRETARY J. B.Pierce DEPUTY D.H.Howie ASSISTANT E.S.Kelley H NEW ENGLAND COAL BARGE AND TOWERS ASSOCIATION SUF>E.RV1S0F< Capf. A.L, Crowley EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE J. J. Sforrow, Ch'm. LONG ISLAND SOUND BARGE OPERATORS ASSOCIATION SUPERVISOR Frederick T. Kellers SECRETARY J. p. Collins 'r'CTO.W FUEL AND nam COMMITTEES IN 2.3K) FACTORIES VOLUNTEER Y1S1TIN6 ENGINEERS IN 60 CITIES AND TOWNS 122602*— 1920. (Toface page 1560 FEDBKAL PTJEL ADMINISTRATORS. 157 The "Allocation" committee, so called, selected from the membership of the New England Wholesale Coal Association, allots this "Storrow" coal among the members of the association for billing to the ultimate consignee. When the allocation is once made, the financial office sends a bill for the coal allocated to the jobber, who is to bin out the coal to the ultimate consignee, giving him the car numbers and weights and the consignee to whom the coal is to be shipped. The jobber in his turn bills out the coal to the consignee indicated, stamps on his bin that the coal is shipped by order of the Federal fuel administrator for New England, that no guarantee is made as to quality, and that payment is cash upon receipt of invoice with no discount. The jobber who receives this allocation agrees tb pay Mr. Storrow's invoice seven days from date on water- borne coal and cash on box-car rail coal. The jobber guarantees to pay Mr. Storrow's bill whether or not he has difficulty in obtaining payment from the consignee or the consignee's credit is unsatisfactory. In order to protect the jobber, Mr. Storrow's office investigates the credit of the consumer when it gives orders for coal shipments, and if the consumer's credit is found to be unsatisfactory, he is asked to pay cash in advance or make other satisfactory arrangements. The expenses of the financial office are borne by the coal association, assessments being made when funds are necessary in direct proportion to the amount of coal allocated to the jobbers during the month. The expenses of the office have approximated $2,200 a month. From time to time it has been found necessary to requisition coal brought into New England by the various shippers, particularly water-borne coal, and in these cases an order is given to the shipper of the cargo to send a specified amount of coal to a certain consignee. This done, the coal is billed direct to the consignee stating that it is shipped on the order of the Federal fuel administrator for New England. This department of the New England fuel administration has handled more than 110,000,000 worth of coal since its organization, a little more than a year ago. (G) New England coal harge and towers association. — This is a voluntary organization of all coal barge and towboat operators engaged in the New England coal trade, organized 15 months ago by the Federal fuel ad- ministrator of New England, to expedite New England coal barge movements through a community of effort. (H) Long Island Sound barge operators' association. — This association consists of operators of about 340 barges, with a carrying capacity of approximately 288,000 tons, from New York to Sound and other New Eng- land ports, organized two years ago by the United States Shipping Board to expedite the movement of these barges by a community of effort. A representative of the Federal fuel administrator for New England is secretary of this organization and has been delegated with full control of these barge operations. Appendix C. PRELIMINARY REPORT ON ACTIVITIES OF CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT DURING THE YEAR 1918. By Abthtjr E. Norton, Executive Secretary, State House, Boston, Mass., December 12, 1918. PURPOSE OF THE DEPARTMENT AND EESTJLTS. This department was organized by Mr. James J. Storrow, fuel administrator for Massachusetts, to arouse the interest of the public in saving coal. Its attention was directed to : 1. Kestriction of use of light, heat and power in so far as these are products of coal. 2. Use of substitutes; water power, wood, and, in certain cases, oil. 3. Better combustion of coal under the boilers. 4. Elimination of waste of steam and power in the factories, mills, office buildings, institutions, public buildings, schools, and houses — in other words, true conservation. Eesults can not be measured exactly, as the savings could not be reported in every case. Yet the results which were reported show that the State of Massachusetts has saved about 10 per cent of its soft coal this year, or over 1,000,000 tons. At current prices this means a money saving of $10,000,000. ORGANIZATION. The work is under the direction of the following men : Administrative engineer: Dr. Ira N. Hollis, president of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, recently presi- dent of American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Executive secretary: Prof. Arthur E. Norton of the Harvard Engineering School. Advisory engineering committe'e: Dr. Ira N. HoUis, Worcester, chairman; George P. Gilmore, Fall River, consulting engineer; Thomas Hawley, Boston, head of Hawley School of Engineering; Charles T. Main, Boston, consulting engineer, president of Ajnerican Society of Mechanical Engineers; Arthur T. Safford, Lowell, con- sulting engineer; Joseph A. Skioner, Holyoke, manufacturer. 158 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION". Before the above organization was perfected, the conservation department was well started by Mr. Augustus S. Cobb, who has now gone to the United States Fuel Administration at Washington. Others who have assisted in the work are: Frank C. Ayres, Newton Center, manufacturer; D. S. Boy den, Boston, Edison Electric Illuminating Co.; Walter D. Brooks, Milton; Albert Greene Duncan, Boston, treasurer of Harmony Mills; George L. Finch, Watertown, chief engineer. Hood Eubber Co.; Francis E, Frothingham, Boston, of Coffin & Burt; Patrick H. Hogan, Boston, agent for Dearborn Chemical Co.; Holbrook Lincoln, Bos- ton, engineer; Stanley B. Parker, Cambridge, architect; Eobert B. Stone, Boston, lawyer; Loring Underwood, Belmont, landscape architect. Beginning in September a systematic plan for inspection of the steam plants of the State was begun with a staff of the following field engineers: Prof. Charles M. Allen, of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Edwin Q. Cole, engineer for Holyoke Supply Co.; Alfred S. Kellogg, consulting" engineer; John W. Moran, chief engineer, water works department. Fall River; Ehner Smith, of the General Electric Co., Boston, Mass. Departments and activities. — The following departments have been active during 1918: FACTORIES AND MILLS. During the summer the advisory engineering committee conducted a speaking campaign in the principal industrial towns. At the meetings, manufacturers and their engineers were present in large numbers. As a result, over 2,300 owners of factories pledged themselves to form in each plant a fuel and power committee to study their own plant and eliminate waste of heat, light, and power. Reports already arriving show a probable annual saving in some cases as high as 25 per cent. A sample of the organization and duties of such a committee in one mill is attached (see Subappendix A). INSPECTION OF STEAM PLANTS BY PAID FIELD ENGINEERS. The five field engineers have visited several hundred steam plants in the smaller towns and have shown the owners just where their plants could be improved to save fuel. INSPECTION OF STEAM PLANTS BY VOLUNTEER VISITING ENGINEERS. In about 20 of the larger towns and cities there have been formed groups of practical engineers who volunteer to visit steam plants near their own homes. This work has enlisted the services of over 100 engineers. They meet weekly and make recommendations for such changes as wiU conserve fuel, generally with very little outlay of money. Each man is responsible for 6 to 10 plants. LAUNDRIES. Early in the summer the department called together a committee of laundry owners as follows : E. R. Mar- shall, Boston, chairman; W. P. Creamer, Boston; H. P. Hovey, Worcester; F. H. Foster, Boston. This committee prepared a four-page bulletin on methods of saving coal in laundries and assisted in making up a questionnaire which was sent out to all laundry owners in the State. In this field an attempt is being made to standardize the amount of coal used by a laundry in proportion to the amount of business transacted. Steam laundries were divided into four classes as indicated below. The amount of coal burned in pounds per dollar's worth of business or in tons per $1,000 worth of business was found from the canvass to be as follows: Class 1. Wholesale (hotel, restaurant, etc.) 18 to 20 pounds per dollar or 9 to 10 tons per $1,000. Class 2. Family finish work, 8 to 10 pounds per doUar or 4 to 5 tons per $1,000. Class 3. Wet wash, 10 to 12 pounds per dollar or 5 to 6 tons per $1,000. Class 4. Combination of the other three classes, 13 to 16 pounds per dollar or 6^ to 8 tons per $1,000. This work has revealed that in many cases laundries were using twice as much coal as they should as com- pared with the best plants. The next steps will be to get in touch with the worst plants and suggest methods of revising their plants to avoid waste. SCHOOLHOUSES. In this field the department has attempted to standardize the amount of coal which should be used to heat a school building each year in proportion to the number of rooms. It has sent out 3,500 blanks on which super- intendents were to report back data about their buildings. From an inspection of these data properly checked by experienced experts it was found that some schools were running as low as 6 tons of coal per classroom per season. On account of structural difl&culty of buildings which can not be remedied, it was decided to adopt the following standards : Fan systems where fans are operated by electric motors, 9 tons per classroom year. Low-pressure steam gravity ventilating systems, 11 tons per classroom year. Furnace-heated buildings with and without auxiliary FBDEEAIi FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 159 steam boilers, 12 to 14 tons per classroom year. These standards exceed in coal consumption the best prac- tice by at least 25 per cent. The retm-ns from this campaign indicate a use of coal sometimes as high as three times the normal standard The total waste above this standard is found to be several thousand tons per year. On the basis of these reports the superintendents are being notified of their standing with the promise of guidance in going ahead with changes to remedy the difficulties. STATE INSTITUTIONS. Through the efforts of this department the State appropriated money for an inspection of aU State insti- tutions, about 42 in number. This work was done by Charles A. Tenney & Co. at a cost of $4,000. Their reports have been rendered to the institutions and changes have been recommended which show the possibihty of annual saving of ten to twenty thousand tons. STREET RAILWAYS. The following committee of street railway men was formed covering not only Massachusetts, but other States of New England as well: H. B. Potter, assistant to the president of the Boston Elevated Railway Co., chair- man; A. E. Potter, of the Rhode Island Co.; C. D. Emmons, of the Boston & Worcester Street Railway Co.; D. A. Beldon, of the Massachusetts Northeastern Street Railway Co. ; C. C. Pierce, secretary of the Street Railway Executive Association of New England. This committee predicts that a total saving of 191,000 tons of soft coal will be made during this year in the State of Massachusetts. This estimated saving is divided as follows: Reduction of number of stopping places for cars, 32,000 tons; reduction of car heating, 13,000 tons; reduced traffic on heatless holidays, 4,000 tons; improved methods of power production and use of power, light and heat, 142,000 tons; total, 191,000 tons. INTERCONNECTION WITH PUBLIC UTILITIES. A committee was formed of officials of pubhc utility companies under the chairmanship of D. M. De Bard of the Brockton Edison Co. Several conferences were held to discuss the feasibUity of interconnecting the more efficient electric light and power companies with the corresponding elimination of smaller companies. This committee revealed the possibility of saving some 50,000 tons of coal annually by such a process. It was not found feasible to go ahead, in many cases due to lack of necessary line equipment and to the local feeling against such a program. The fuel administration did not care to involve municipalities in a discus- sion in which local feeling might run high. EDUCATIONAL CAMPAIGN AMONG OPERATING ENGINEERS AND FIREMEN. One of the things which were recognized early in the work was the necessity of enlisting the heartiest cooperation of the engiaeers and firemen throughout the State. Their assistance was obtained by forming the following committee: H. H. Comerford, Boston, president Massachusetts branch of the International Brother- hood of Stationary Engineers; W. H. Damon, chief engineer, Springfield Electric Light Co. ; W. J. Du Wors, vice president of the Massachusetts branch of the International Brotherhood of Stationary Firemen; Thomas Hawley, head of the Hawley wSchool of Engineering; F. H. Kimball, engineer, State House, Boston; J. H. Mul- len, representing the National Association of Stationary Engineers. These men prepared our bulletin No. 3, "Fuel Saving by Engineers and Firemen," and assisted in distribut- ing about 12,000 copies among the engineers and firemen of the State. DOMESTIC ECONOMY. During the last part of the summer it became clear that the anthi-acite coal situation was to be more acute than was at first supposed. To meet the situation. Prof. C. Frank Allen, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was appointed agent for household fuel economy. Prof. AUen has conducted a campaign of education in the State, consisting of editing posters and pamphlets which have been distributed to the fuel chairmen in every town in the Commonwealth. In addition to this he has given lectures before men's organiza- tions and women's. clubs, and schools, public and private In addition to this educational program a demonstration heating plant has been set up in the cottage on Boston Common under the direction of Miss Nina Nightingale. Here a hot-air furnace is being run to show best methods of handling this type of apparatus. The method of heating the cottage is specially designed to show the possibilities of recirculating air instead of taking air from out of doors. This cottage is also head- quarters for dissemination of information in the matter of fuel saving. This department rendered assistance in the preparation of a poster, "Coal saving at home," 300,000 copies of which were distributed throughout the homes of the Commonwealth. 160 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. HOTELS. Conservation in hotels was started late, after the crisis in soft coal seemed to be over. This work, how- ever, has been actively prosecuted by L. C. Prior, director of hotel conservation, and the following com- mittee of hotel engineers: Stanley Barnaby, Copley Plaza Hotel, Boston; O. W. Belyea, Hotel Lenox, Boston; A. A. Jones, Hotel Touraine, Boston; J. B. Lowell, Hotel Brunswick, Boston; Jonathan Perry, 696 Washington Street, Boston; Albert L. Smith, Hotel Worthy, Springfield; Thomas Standring, BLotel Kimball, Springfield. This committee prepared our bulletin No. 5, "Fuel saving in hotels," a copy of which has been placed in 400 hotels of the State, together with several thousand cards to be placed in the rooms. APARTMENT HOUSES IN LARGER CITIES. Another activity which was found necessary was the use of soft coal in apartment houses of larger size. The leadership of this work was in the hands of Mr. Kobert B. Stone, of Boston, who was assisted by rep- resentatives of manufacturers of heating plant apparatus. Not only did these men standardize the amount of coal that an apartment house should use, thus saving 3,000 tons of coal in the city of Boston alone, but they were also able to arrange for the release of 16,000 tons of hard coal by apartment houses which they found could be shifted to soft. BOSTON PUBLIC BUILDINGS. This department gave technical and inspection service to a special committee appointed by Mayor Peters, of Boston, to investigate coal saving in pubUc buildings in this city. As a result of this activity an an- nual saving of over 3,000 tons of coal was made. PUBLICATIONS. The department, through its advisory engineering committee, and other cooperating committees, has published the following bulletins : BIILLETIN.S. No. 1. Fuel Saving in Power Plants (2 editions). No. 2. Fuel Saving in Office Buildings. No. 3. Fuel Saving by Engineers and Fii-emen. No. 4. Fuel Saving in Laundries. No. 5. Fuel Saving in Hotels. No. 6. Fuel Saving in Schoolhouses. No. 7. Directions for use of Soft Coal in House Heating Boilers. Save Coal (5,000 copies). Coal Saving at Home (300,000 copies). MASSACHUSETTS. Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To- Fuel administra! or lor New Eng- land. V Sept. 28,1917 Apr. 5,1919 FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. Offlcial station. Volun- teer or Salary. Served. Name. Offlcial station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From — To— From — To- CITY FUEL COMMITTEES. Abington: Keon, C. L., chairman. . . Whitine F T 220 North Ave- nue, North Abington. 290 Adams Street', Ab- ington. 77 T h a X t e r Avenue, Ab- ington. West Acton South Acton . . . Acton Center... V V V V V V Aug. 28, 1918 Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 17,1917 Oct. 2.5,1917 do do Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Acushnet: Taber, William G., chairman. Shocklev, WilUam I Acushnet .... do V V V V V V Feb. 25,1918 do Mar. 28,1918 Nov. 15,1917 Oct. 17,1917 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Taber, Henry F do Adams: McPeck, Ed-vvin K., chairman. Jones, Albert W 25 East Street, Adams. 11 Crandall Street, Ad- ams, 70 North Sum- ner Street, Adams. Acton: Hall, Edgar H., chair- Hoit, Frank W Tuttle, James B SUBAPPENDIX A. FACTORY, FUELj AKD POWER COMMITTEE. ORGANIZATION CHART. CHIEF ENGINEER. Generation of Steam and Power. MASTER MECHANIC, DUTY. 'rake a list of po war plant apparatus, stating general dimensions and commercial rating of boilers, engines, generators, heaters, dialt control, etc. Systematize drawings of plant and piping systems, so that eonnnittee meetings may not bo delayed for want of information. Add notes shov.ing sewer conne(tions, and every place whore water or steam is thrown away. " Tvlako list of meters, indicatmg and recording instruments, etc., now installed and others necessary. Begin daily boiler and engine room logs, if not already in use. Form depends on each individual plant. Report to committee every weeli the principal quantities, sueh as daily coal burned, feed water pumped, evaporation (pounds of water per pound of coal), feed water temperature, per cent of ash, power output, etc. Compare power demands with demands for heating and manufacturing steam, making suggestions for equalizing same to avoid waste. Report apparatus or repairs most needed to improve elliciency. Organize subcommittee oi flremen, prefer- ably one from each watch. COMMITTEE OF FIREMEN. Cooperate with chief engineer in flnding and keeping up best method of firing. Report general quality of each lot of coal as to moisture, clinkering, etc. Report cracks in boiler setting, leaking valves, etc. Distribution of Steam and Power. DUTY. Make list of prodvdion machinert/ or groups of same, stating whether drive is mechanic al or electrical, estimating usual n^nnber of hours per day each is used, and power required for each group. Submit suggestions for reducing number of pulleys, heLs, and shafting which are running idle, thus causing waste of power. Report present method of aligning shafting, and how often this is done. During noon hour or on a Sunday, run oc- casional ^ests to determine horsepower required to run shafting in each group. This will show vvhere alignment or repair is most needed. Suggest better subdivision by clutches, etc., so that numbers of pulleys kept running may be reduced. Cooiierate "with chief engineer and overseers to equalize power load and use of exhaust steam. Label mains, returns, and drip systems, by tags or paint so that leaks, losses, and breaks can be reported "in writing without mis- understanding. f FOREMAN PIFER. FOREMAN ELECTRICIAN. Piping Sj^stems and Heating. DUTY. Make a list of heating systems, direct and indirect, showing square^ feet of radiating surface, number and size of fans, heaters, etc. Report faulty, piping of steam supply and returns, water pockets, places where air' bind- ing occurs, defective air valves, traps, etc. Find out where every drip and drain goes, whether to sewer or back to boilers. Mark with red chalk or tag every trap that discharges to sewer and inspect it often. Remember that the heat in the water must be saved even when the water itself may not be worth it. Make a list of live steam connections for heating cold water, etc., and steam pipe size at outlet. Report pipes with defective covering, marking with red chalk or tag sueh places until finally corrected. Look out for by-passes left open to sewer. Report steam lines no longer in v-se, and cases where lines can be eliminated by shifting maclunes. Electric Powvt and Light. DUTY. Cooyjerate with masti-^r mechanic in listing motors, their horsepower ratings, and probable power load. Start a motor record card system for this work. Estimate ratio of load on each motor to horse- power rating of same and report eases where this is above 125 per cent or below 50 per cent. Suggest rearrangements of motors to fit the load. Record all 'f/vocesses using electricity, such as plating, charging of batteries, electric heating, welding, etc., estimaj:ing nimiber of hours in operation each day, and rlport eases where irregularity of use is extr^^. (A better timing of these operations may be made so as to reduce ''peak loads ") Report cases where heavy motor-driven machinery runs at intervals, sue'h as pumps for water supply, coal hoists, passenger elevators, carpenter, machine, and blacksmith shops, crushers, etc., so that the committee may adopt plan for stopping these operations when lights eome on. Report progress in getting rid of poor in- sulation, over-loaded or dead wiring, worn brushes, bearings, controls, etc. Report places where lamp sizes may- be reduced without loss of good service, or where switching may be better subdivided to light only parts of rooms being used. AGENT OR SUPERINTENDENT. Chairman . DUTY. Call 'iveelily meetings and keep records of same. Publish important decisions of the com- mittee in their name on bulletin boards throughout the factory. Compile record of savings made. Appro re recommendations for changes and | appropriations. \ Confer with chairmen of fuel and power CO imittees in same town and with local funl ad'ihnistrators. Confer with executive authority to get their interest and cooperation . OBJECT OF Tins COMMITTEE. 'i'o save 20 per cent of the coal pile in this factory this year. "WHY MUST THIS BE DONE? Because the war will cause a shortage of at least 6,000,000 tons of steam coal in New England this year. Twenty per cent saved in e\^ery- factor >>' and building will make good the shortage, and reduce the number and length of shutdowns . HOW IS IT TO BE DONE? Ijet all ofHcers and emplovees work together to save light, heat, and power— for these all come from coal. Help the committee by cheerfully complying with their plans. FOREMAN CARPENTER. FOREMAN MACHINIST. Buildings. DUTY. Report outside doors not provided with door checks or springs for keeping them shut in cold weather. Watch for broken windows, poorly fitted doors and windows, worn thresholds, rotted or rusted ventilators. Report fa-ns and ventilators not provided with means of sealing when not in use. Report cases of openings to stair towers and chutes for handling material which have not been provided with inclosures to prevent cold blasts to interior rooms. Report long passages, halls, and under- ground subwara, where strong air currents are noticed. These can be stopped b y placing at intervals simple boarded partitions with swinging doors. Machinery. Doors DUTY. Cooperate with master mechanic in in- spections of shafting, pumps, fans, elevators, compressors, etc., for parts bad^ worn or out of alignment. (Tliese demand extra power.) Report cases where machinery and shafting may be stopped when not in use. Cooperate with chief engineer so as to plan use of power in machiQe shop at times mosi suitable for equallvation of power load. Inspect often the coal handling apparatus and keep spare parts always ready so as to avoid delav in clearing cars or barges for transportation. Tvook out . lights left bi ing pipe join and motors time. Report pr( therm ometeJ the standarc 122602°— 19. (To face I i 160.) SuBAPPENDIX A. FACTORY, FUEL, AND POWER COMMITTEE, ORGANIZATION CHART. i'OREMAN PIPER. Systems and Heating. DUTY. of heating systems, direct and ing square ' feet of radiating ;r and size of fans, heaters, etc. y piping of steam supply and pockets, places where airbind- sctive air valves, traps, etc. lere every drip and drain soes, iver or back to boilers. Mark »r tag every trap that discharges spect it often. Remember that vater must be saved even when f may not be worth it. of live steam connections for ater, etc., and steam pipe size with defective covering, marldng or tag such places xmtil finally by-passes left open to sewer. lines no longer in use, and cases m be eliminated by shifting FOREMAN ELECTRICIAN. Electric Power and Light. DUTY. Cooperate with master mechanic in listing motors, their horsepower ratings, and probable power load. Start a motor record card system for this work. Estimate ratio of load on each motor to horse- power rating of same* and report cases where this Is above 125 per cent or below 50 per cent. Suggest rearrangements oi motors to fit the load. ' Record all processes using electricity, such as plating, charging of batteries, electric heating, welding, etc., estimating number of hours in operation each day, and report cases where irregularity of use is extreme. (A better timing of these operations may be made so as to reduce ^'peak loads ") '■ Report cases where heavy motor-driven machinery runs at intervals, such as pumps for water supply, coal hoists, passenger elevators, carpenter, machine, and blacksmith shops, crushers, etc., so that the committee may adopt plan for stopping these operations when lights come on. Report progress in getting rid of poor in- sulation, over-loaded or dead wiring, worn brushes, bearings, controls, etc. Report places where lamp sizes may be reduced without loss of good service, or where sv^'ltclung may be better subdivided to light only parts of room.s being used. AGENT OR SUPERINTENDENT. Chairman. DUTY. Call weekly meetings and keep records of same. Publish Important decisions of the com- mittee in their name on bulletin boards throughout the factory. Compile record of savings made. Appro '/e recommendations for changes and appropriations. (Confer with chairmen of fuel and power CO remittees in same town and with local fuel adniinistrators. Confer with executive authoritv to get their interest and cooperation . OBJECT OF THIS COMMITTEE. To save 20 per cent of the coal pile in this factory this year. "VVHY MUST THIS BE DONE? Because the war will cause a shortage of at least 6,000,000 tons of steam coal In New England this year. Twenty per cent saved in ev^ersr factory and building will make good the shortage, and reduce the number and length of shutdowns. HOW IS IT TO liE DONE? I>et all officers and employees work together to save light, heat, and power— for these all come from coal. Help the committee by cheerfully compljlag with their plans. FOREMAN CARPENTER. Buildings. DUTY. Report outside doors not provided with door cheeks or springs for keeping them shut in cold weather. Watch for broken windows, poorly fitted doors and windows, worn thresholds, rotted or rusted ventilators. Report fans and ventifators not provided with means of sealing when not in use. Report cases of openings to stair towers and chutes for hauLlling material which have not been provided with inclosures to prevent cold blasts to interior rooms. Report long passages, halls, and under- ground subways, where strong air currents are noticed. These can be stopped by placing at intervals simple boarded partitions with swinging doors. FOREMAN MACHINIST. HEAD WATCHMAN. OVERSEERS OR HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS. ._ L Machinery. i Doors, Windows, Lights, Valves. Machinery and Processes. DUTY. Cooperate with master mechanic in in- spections of shafting, pumps, fans, elevators, compressors, etc., for parts badl^y worn or out of alignment. (Tnese demana exira power.) Report cases where machinery and sliafting may be stopped when not in us'e. Cooperate with eluef engineer so as to plan use of power in niachme shop at times mosc suitable for equoh/iation of power load. Inspect often the coal handling apparatus and keep spare parts always readv so as lo avoid delav in clearing cars or Ijarges for avoid delav in clearing transportation DUTY. Look out for open or broken windows, etc., lights left burning where not necessary, leak- ing pipe joints, blowing traps, valves left open and motors or fans left running after closing time. Report present number and location of room thermometers and rooms which often exceed the standard temperatures adopted. DUTY. Cooperate with chief engineer in using ex- haust ' steam instead of live steam where possible. " Cooperate with master mechanic and electrician in reducing power losses in shafting and motors. Make general suggestions for economy. Overseers are m many eases more able than others to notice ways of avoiding waste of light, heat, and power. Place orders for repairs as far ahead as possible. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTBATOBS. MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 161 Name. A., CITY FTTEL COMMITTEES— continued. Agawam: WortWngton, F, chairman. Roy.Dr.E. A Olarfe, James H Amesbury: Parry, A. N., chairman Connelly, Martin F West, Gilbert N , Amherst: Spear, E. L., chairman. Walker, Dr. C. S., chair- man (successor). Crook, J. W Deuel, D. Fred., Andover: Chapin, E. Barton, chairman. Harrington, V. D Lamont, Alexander Arlington: ffioks, S. Frederic, chairman. Holmes, Joseph C Lyons, John. Ashbumham: HubbelLC.A. .chairman. Briggs, JohnK Nichols, Frank A Ashby: Allen, James C, chair- man. Foster, Harlow Wilder, Albert M Ashfield: Cook, George W., chair- man. Henry, George G Urquhart, Dr. J. E . Ashland: Enslin, Franklin, chair- man. Bay, Albert H White, JohnJ Assonet: Hathaway, George W., chairman. Daris, Nathan W". Davis, Rufus P Athol: Ball, Frank A., chair- man. Meany, Thomas F Masters, Harry E . AttlebOTo: Payson, Frank M., chairman. Clapp, Harvey E . . Anderson, John E. Auburn: Bennett, Alfred, chair- man. Murphy, W. D Presoott, W. F Avon: Dolan, John T., chair- man. Doyle, Frederick G Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Agawam. ....do.... ....do.... Amesbury. do do Amherst 5 School Street, Amherst. 1 College Ave- nue, Amherst IS Prospect Street, Am- herst. 47 Abbott Street, An- dover. 18 Chapel Ave- nue, Ando- ver. 27 Maple Ave- nue, Ando- ver. 93 Pleasant Street, Ar- lington. 245 Park Ave- nue, Arling- ton. 25 Brooks Ave- nue, Arling- ton. Ashbumham... do do Ashby... do.... do.... Ashfield.. -do.. .do.. Ashland.. .do., .do.. Assonet. .do., .do.. 373 School Street, Athol. 183 DruryA ve- nue, Athol. 61 Prospect Street, Athol. 139 North l£ain Street, Attle- boro. 7 Park Street, Attleboro. Thatcher Street, Attleboro. Sumner Street, Auburn. ....do ....do Nelson, David Bur bank, Walter D Ayer: Barry, Eugene S., chair- man. Brown, Geo. H Mullin, Thomas F 122602—20- 321 Main Street, Avfin. West High Street, Avon. Avon do Ayer. -do. .do. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From — Oct. 22,1917 Oct. 16,1917 ....do Oct. 23,1917 ....do ....do Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 5,1917 Oct. 15,1917 ....do Oct. 25,1917 do do Nov. 3,1917 Nov. 1,1917 ....do Nov. 3,1917 Nov. 1,1917 --Ip July 1, 1918 ....do ....do Oct. 23,1917 ....do ....do Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 19,1917 ....do May 9,1918 ....do do Oct. 13,1917 Oct. 15,1917 ....do Jan. 16,1918 June 27,1918 Oct. 15,1917 Mar. 13,1918 ....do ....do Apr. 12,1918 ....do Oct. 29,1917 Apr. 12,1918 Nov. 16,1917 ....do ....do To— Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 3,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 3, 1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Name. CITY rUEL COMMITTEES— conthiued. Barnstable Parker, Howard N., chairman. Smith, Eben Harris , Marcus N Barre: Brown, Dr. Geo. A., chairman. Hice, John S., chair- man. Allen, Harding Spencer, Arthur Holland, Fred WiUiams, A. G Beoket: Ballou, W. C, chairman. Lyman, C. E WUlis, O. S Bedford: Daniels, N. H., chair- man. Williams, Joseph H Skelton, George A . Belchertown: Randall, F. A., chair- ' man. Fairchild, R. E Morse, Walter D. E Terry, Walter O Bellingham; Foley^ Timothy E., chanman. Jones, David G Carrier, Alfred Crooks, Clarence A Belmont: Brown, Winthrop, chairman. Turk, Joseph M Alcock, Samuel Berkley: PauU, T. F., chairman. Boynton, Marcellus Perry, H. A Berlin: Dudley, Ira G., chair- man. Wheeler, Waldo L Ross, Ernest C Bernardston: Moat, H. M., chairman. Atherton, John C Browning, H. S Beverly: Trask, Charles W., chairman. Heaply, John J Lindsay, Howard E. Billerica: Sellew, Edgar P., chair- man. Sexton, Wm. H Perry, Richard T Blackstone: Maxon, George W., chairman. Calcutt, John E Gaskill, D. Walter Bills, Frank Blandford: Bodurtha, W. V., chair- man. Ripley, C. R Raymond, M. J Bolton: Wheeler, Frank A., chairman. Hamblin, Frank S Sawyer, Perley B Nourse, R. E Official station. West Barnsta- ble. Main Street, Barnstable. Barnstable Barre. .do. .do ..do .do ..do Becket. do.. do.. Bedford Main Street, Bedford. Concord Road, Bedford. Belchertown... db do do North Belling- ham. Bellingham do do Common Street, Belmont. 9 Marlboro Street, Bel- mont. Waverley Myricks R. F. D. No. 1, Taunton. do Berlin.. .do. .do. Bernardston Inn, Ber- nardston. Bernardston.. . ....do 23 Wallis Street, Beverly. 20 Pleasant Street, Bev- erly. 12 B 1 i s s n Street, Bev- erly. Billerica Cummings Street, Bil- North Billerica. Blackstone -do. .do. .do. Blandford.. .do. .do. Bolton. .do., .do., .do.. Voiiin- ceer oi salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V v' V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Nov. 2,1917 Oct. 31,1917 do Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 31,1918 ....do ....do Oct. 25,1917 Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 13,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 22,1917 do July 3,1918 Feb. 25,1918 July 3,1918 Feb. 25,1918 Oct. 26,1917 Oct. 27,1917 Sept. 21, 1918 Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 16,1917 ....do Mar. 8,1918 ....do ....do Oct. 22,1917 Oct. 18,1917 Oct. 22,1917 Nov. 23,1917 Nov. 21,1917 Oct. 23,1917 Apr. 8,1918 ....do Oct. 24,1917 Jan. 4,1918 Jan. 20,1918 ....do May 2,1918 Oct. 31,1917 ....do Nov. 9,1917 Apr. 22,1918 ....do ....do Mar. 22,1918 Dec. 16,1918 Mar. 22,1918 do To— Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Oct. 24,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Oct. 24,1918 Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. June 3, 1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Oct. 24,1918 Aug. 31,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. , Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. May 4,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Nov. 16,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. -11 162 KEPOET OF ADMINISTRATITB DIVISION. MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. Official station. Volun teer or salary Served. Name. Omciai station. Volun leer or salary Served. From— To— From— To- CITY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Boston: Ellis, David A., chair- man. Billing, Edmund 60 State Street, Boston. 40 St. John Street, Ja- maica Plain. 600 East Fom-th Street, South Boston. 60 State Street, Boston. Buzzards Bay. . Boumedale Bourne Boxborough.. . do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V • V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Oct. 11,1917 Dec. 27,1917 Oct. 11,1917 do Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 27,1917 Nov. 4,1918 Mar. 6,1918 do Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do Aug. 28,1918 Feb. 28,1918 do Dec. 8,1917 Oct. 20,1917 Jan. 28,1918 Feb. 20,1918 do do May 14,1918 Oct. 18,1917 do do do do Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do Oct. 19,1917 do Oct. 17,1917 Feb. 28,1918 .--do do Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 23,1917 July 12,1918 Apr. 4, 1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 2,1918 CITY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Canton: Lynch, James P., chair- man. Morse, Abner, 94 Rockland Street, Can- ton. Washington Street, Can- ton. 96 Sherman Street, Can- ton. North Carver. . South Carver... R. P. D., Rock. Charlemont do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Oct. 29,1917 Oct. 26,1917 do :\'ov. 22,1918 June 26,1918 do Nov. 1, 1917 Oct. 30,1917 do Feb. 25,1918 Oct. 4,1918 Feb. 25,1918 do Jan. 24,1918 Oct. 16,1917 Jan. 19,1918 Nov. 2,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 do Oct. 19,1917 do do Oct. 16,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do Nov. 5,1917 Apr. 26,1918 Oct. 14,1918 Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 16,1917 Aug. 28, 1917 Mar. 11,1918 Aug. 28, 1918 Mar. 30,1918 May 18,1918 Nov. 3, 1917 do do Oct. 13,1917 Oct. 16,1917 Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 20,1917 Oct. 23,1917 do Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 26,1917 do Mar. 1, 1919 Do. O'Hara, J. Frank Breeze, Iris S., secretary. Bourne: Tudor, Frederic, chair- man. Starbuck, George W Gallivan, Wm. H Carver: Cole, Pblhp S., chair- man. Griffith, Henrys Holmes, Jesse -V Do. Do. Do. Do. Waterhouse, Moses C Boxborough: Salmon, Stephen D., chairman. Charlemont: Hooper, Rev. E. G., chairman. Nov. 19,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Coffey, John H do Do Burroughs George W. .do . Charlton: Hammond. Jno. G., chau'man. Longbottom, Thomas, chairman (successor). Baker, WilUs L Charlton do B oxford; Killam, Chester, chair- man. East Boxford.. Boxford Topsfleld Main Street, Boylston. Boylston do Oct. 1, 1918 Mar 1, 1919 Towne, Hiram N Sawyer, Isaac H Dresser Hill, Charlton. Charlton City.. Mam Street, Chatham. Chatham do Do. Boylston: Potter, Eugene C, chairman. Vickery, George A Stark, Fred C Ashe, Michael E Chatham: Bearse, Augustus M., chairman. Eldridge, Benj. Kendricks, Zenas H Do. Do. Braintree: Mellen, Charles C, South Brain- tree. 92 HoUis Ave- nue, Brain- tree. 15 Oak Street, East Brain- tree. Brewster do Do. Do chairman. Kneeland, Herbert F . . . Chelmsford: Dutton, Paul, chairman. Billson, David Chelmsford North Chelms- ford. South Chelms- ford. 158 Ca r V e r Street, Chel- sea. 44 Jefferson iV venue, Chel- sea. 81 Garfield Avenue, Chel- sea. CJieshire do . . do Do. Do Skinner, Walter B Brewster: Perry, Francis H., chair- man. Lapham, Wilbur E Chelsea: Murdock, Wilham J., chairman. Do. Do. do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Bridgewater: Sweet, Frank E., chair- man. Boyden, Arthur C Bassett, William 31 B e d f r d Street, Bridgewater. 68 S u m m 6 r Street, Bridgewater. 44 Pleasant Street, Bridgewater. Brimfleld ... .do Fitzgerald, Joseph J Cheshire: Curtin, Thos. J., chair- man. Wood.R. V Gummings, R. B Brimfleld: Waldron, Charles W., chairman. Davenport, William C . . Parker, P. A Chester: Cook, R. H., chairman.. Donnelly, Samuel J Fay, Frank River Street, Chester. Williams Street, Chester. Chester do Brockton: 104 M a r k e t Street, Cam- pello. 300 Forest Ave- nue, Brock- ton. 24 Winthrop Street, Brockton. Brookfield ....do Do. Do. Do. Perkins, David, chair- man. Jewett, Elmer C Chicopee: Granfield, John E., chairman. Miles, Roy E 108 Steams Ter- race, Chico- pee. 275 Broadway, Chicopee Falls. 144SkeelStreet, WilUmansett. Chilmark do Russell, B. B Do. Do. Brookfield: McLaurin, W., chair- man. Estey, Lucius Chllmark: Vincent, Daniel, chair- man. Dean, Ernest J Morrill, Fred B High St., Brook- field. 135 Ivy Street, Brookline. 46 Welch Road, Brookline. 191 Davis Ave- nue, Brook- line. Buckland do do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 20,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Luce, L. W do Brookline: Cuimingham. Frederic, chairman. Levering, Ernest O'Heam, Michael J Clinton: Mayberry, Judge C, chairman. Abbott, Dr. C. R Fuller, AV. A 3 Leighton Avenue. 73 W a 1 n u t Street. ' Main Street... Clinton ■.. Caimon, Patrick E Cohasset: Hatch, Arthur W., chair- man. Petersen, A. F. B Sweeney, Henry E Coleraui: Francis, Ernest B., chaiman Field, Frank S. Buckland: Forbes, W. D., chau:- man. Hale, E. C Stanford, W. S Cohasset do do Colerain Cambridge: 165 Brattle Street, Cam- bridge. 38 Henry Street, Cambridge. 10 Chavmcey Street, Cam- bndge. Cambridge Do. Do. Do. Do. Bright, Elmer H.,chair- mian. .... do Eastman, Harvey M do Reardon, Edmund Concord: Parker, E. L., chairman. Dee, John J Nashawtuc Road. Bedford Road.. Concord Junc- tion. Dow, Geo. L Lapham, Waldo P Do. Do. FBDERAl, FUEL ADMINISTEATOES. MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 163 Name. aTT FUEL COMMITTEES— , continned. Conway: Affhauser, Edw., chair- man. Graves, William T Hassell, G. A Cummington; Porter, L. L., chairman. Lynds, Fred Starkweather, Dr. C. R., Dal ton: Haworth, L. A., chair- man. Daly, P. J Chamberlain. 0. H Dana: Hager, O. E., chairman , Thayer, Thomas L Johnson, John H , Dan vers: . Tinsley.T. E., chairman Newhall, Benj... Putnam, John F . Stimpson. Geo. O Koss, Leland J Dartmouth: Tiffany, Henry L., chair- man. Plummer, Henry M Hawes, Sylvanus P Dedham: Royce, F. P., chairman.. Rice , John C Phelps. Rossell F Deerfleld: Greenough, J. J., chair- man. Wnght, G. H Cowles, E. R Dennis: Small, Zehina H Baker, Geo. A Baker, Alpheus P Dighton: Chase, Geo. if., chair- man. Lincoln, E. E AtiTOod, H. F Andrews, J. H Douglas: Libhv, F, J., chairman. Corre'll, Frank I, Bird, FrankH Dover: Walker, Harold, chair- man. Hovey, Mrs. V. A Coughlan, James B Dracut: Bassett, Fred A., chair- man. HiU, FredR McMamnon, James M . . . Dunstable: Kendall, James E . , chair- man. Swallow, Harry i O.K.. Glover, Geo Duxbury: Bearce, Ralph K., chair- man. Peterson, Paul C Crocker, Chas. R Bradlee, A. E East Bridgewater: Moorhehouse, H. L., chairman. Nutter. Chas. L Ward, EliabN.....*.... Ward, Benj. E. East Brookfleld: Putney, Geo. A., chair man. Stoddard, Hubert E... Davidson, Theo. E Eastham: Pamell, Arthur W.,cliair- man. Niokerson, Almond L... Dill, Fred F Easthampton: Sanders, Albert D., chair- man, j Official station. Conwav. ....do ....do Cummington. . . Swift River West Cumming- ton. View Street, Dalton. 20Dal.T.\ venue. Main Street North Dana do Dana 9 Franklin Street. 21 Cherry Street 16 Burroughs Street. Danvers ....do South Dart- mouth. do do Dedham. ....do.... ....do.... .do., .do.. Dennisport... West Dennis. South Dennis.. North Dighton, .do. Segreganset... Dighton East Douglas ; . do 50 Depot Street, Church Street . , Main Street Walpole Street. Dracut 1666 Lakeview Avenue. Dracut R. F.D.No.2, Nashua, N. H, Dunstable do Duxbury . .do. .do. -do. East Bridge- water. Union Street... 455 Plymouth Street. East Bridge- water. East Brookfleld .do. .do. Orleans . Eastham North Eastham 216 Main Street. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Mar. 19,1918 Mar. 20,1918 do Nov. 4, 1918 do Aug. 26,1918 Oct. 20,1917 do do Mar. 8, 1918 Atig. 28,1918 Mar. 8, 1918 -Vpr. 10,1918 do Oct. 16,1918 Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 20,1917 Apr. 5,1918 do do Oct. 24,1917 Nov. :,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 22,1917 Jan. 24,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 Oct. 16,1918 do do -Apr. 26,1918 do June 22,1918 Apr. 26,1918 Nov. 10,1917 Nov. 8, 1918 do Mar. 27,1918 do do Nov. 15.1917 do do Apr. 26,1918 do Nov. 5,1918 Oct. 16,1917 Mar. 13,1918 do Oct. 18,1917 Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 16,1917 Nov. 13,1918 Oct. 24,1917 Feb. 1, 1918 Jan. 18,1918' Jan. 28,1918 Mar. 25,1918 do do Nov. 5,1917 To— Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 1, 191-8 Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. June 15,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Nov. 10,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Easthampton — continued. Dower, Lawrence W — Clair, JohnP East Long Meadow; Burt, Edw. M., chair- man. King, Herman W . . .* Robinson, Geo. B Easton: Hanlon, Frederick,chair- man. Bailey, John D Simpson, Chas. D Edgartown: Worth, Dr. Edw. P., cliairman. Ripley, H. L chairman . Dutton, C. E. Egremont: O'Neill, J. C. ralzell.C. G Boice, Wm. E Enfleld: Segur, Dr. W. B., chair- man. Ryther, H. L rowning,E. B Erving: Johnson, Dr. F. E., chairman. Claflin, Lewis L., chair- man (successor). Baker, Eugene Styles, John F Blackmcr, Harry N Essex: Bumham, Fred K., chairman. Cogswell, Aaron Hotchkiss, Arthur N. . . Everett: Beimer, J. A., chairman Perry, Geo. A Cahill, Albert J Olljcial station. 55 Northamp- ton Street. 132 Park Street. East Long Meadow. .....do ....do Fairhaven: Whitfield, T. W., chair- man. Stetson, J. H Gidley, H. T Falmouth: Weeks, Dr. L. C, chair- man. Jerkins, Rawson C Coogins, H. C Fall River: Holmes, Chas. L., chair- man. • Carpenter, F. L Tansey, James Fitchburg: Smith, Chas. B., chair- man. Piggott, James DesChenes, N. M Florida: Newman, Joseph, chair- man. Newman, T. A Miller, Ray, State agent Foxboro: Cruickshank, W. S., chairman. Ellis, Geo, R Fowler, Fred M Thomas, Dr. A. C Framingham: • Bowditch, N. 1., chair- man. Lamed, Edw. S Staples, S. O Franklm: Dana, Alfred W., chair- man. Bums, V. L Crocker,_Capt. J. B... North Easton . . 82 Center Street South Easton . . South Water Street. South Summer Street. North Summer Street. South E g r - mont. do North Egre- mont. Enfleld Volun- teer or salary. ..do. ..do. Erving High Street... Farley Millers Falls Erving 77 Main Street, South Essex. Spring Street... Martin Street . . 13 Hampshire Street. 43 Pleasant Street. 142a Vernal Street. Fairhaven 81 Laurel Street, Fairhaven Falmouth. .do. -do. 154 Bank Street. 641 High Street. 241 Warren Street. Fitchburg 26 East Street.. 140 Fairmount Street. Hoosac Tunnel. ..do.... ..do.... Foxboro. -do. .do. .do. Framingham.. Lincoln Street * Henry Street.. 37 School Street. 119 Crescent Street. 56 A 1 p e i n Street. V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 21,1917 do Oct. 11,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do Nov. 7, 1917 Oct. 16,1917 do Oct. 13,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do Feb. 25,1918 .do. .do. Jan. 18,1918 .do. .do. Oct. 29,1917 Sept. 23, 1918 Oct. 29,1917 do Aug. 31,1918 Oct. 17,1917 Oct. 18,1917 .....do Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 22,1917 Mar. 29,1918 Mar. 25,1918 .do. .do. Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 25,1917 ....do Apr. 26,1917 Oct. 15,1917 ....do Oct. 10,1917 Oct. 16,1917 ....do Aug. 28,1918 do Sept. 16, 1918 June 26,1918 ....do ....do Oct. 23,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 29,1917 ....do Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 18,1917 do , To— Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Sept. 5,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Sept. 5,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. June 1,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 164 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Freetown: Thwaites, John, cliair- man. Coughlin, J. L Washburn, Handel E ... Daley, F. P , Gardner: Derby, Ashton P., chair- man. Bancroft, A. W., chair- man (successor). Hoban, OwenA Cleaves, Dr. A. S Gay Head: Vanderhoop, E. chairman. Belain, John , Smalley, Leander B, Cooper, Moses P D., Georgetown: Noyes, H. H., chairman, Wilde, AUanH Abbott, Andrew M Gill: Anderson, W. J., chair- man. Gordon, Chas. E Koch, J. Geo , Gloucester: Schakelford, F. A., chairman. Bocken, Christian Maclnnis, Wm. J Gosnold: Church, Chas. B., chair- man. Allen, WalterH Tilton, Alpheus B Grafton: Kilmer, Frank, chair- man. Harvey, David Laplerre, H. J Granby: Ferry, C. W., chairman.. Ball.C.W • Taylor, H. S Great Barrington: Turner, Noble B., chair- man. Kane, P. J Kearm, T. J Greenfield: Haimlton, H. E., chair- man. Field, Clifton L Nims, Chas. W.. A., Dyer, Chas. C Conant, S. D Pray,Eobt. E.... Greenwich: Faverio, Louis chairman. Walker, Wm. H Hall, FrankP Groton: Ebert, C. E., chairman. 8outhaxd,C.Z.{S^^'^ Call, A. L Torrey, FredH Groveland: Dearborn, J. F., chair- man. Noyes, Frank E Magee, John Wales, Albert L Hadley: Allen, Elam S., chair- man. Cook, Homer F Howe, Arthur C Halifax: Baker, Jared, chairman. Vaughan, Edwin H Robertson, Wm. L OfBcial station. Thwaites.. do , East Freetown Freetown Gardner.. -do. 65 Graham Street. 65 S c h o 1 Street. Gay Head ..do. ..do. ..do. Georgetown. do do Mount Hermon. Bemardston. . Gill 405 Essex Ave- nue. 13 Clarendon Street. 3 Mason Street . Cuttyhunk .do. .do. Grafton. Fisherville. ....do Granby. do.. ....do.. Housatonlc. do 17 Church Street. 29 Grinnell Street. 82 Highland Avenue. 31 Orchard Street. Greenfield ....do ....do Greenwich Vil- lage. do ....do GrotoiL. . ► do... do... do... 366 Main Street. 348 Main Street. 698 Salem Street, South Groveland. Groveland Hadley.. .do. -do. Halifax ....do Thompson Street. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Feb. 25,1918 do Nov. 5,1918 Feb. 25,1918 Oct- 26,1917 Oct. 29,1917 do Sept. 4,1918 Mar. 16,1918 Mar. 5,1918 May 2, 1918 Mar. 16,1918 Oct. 31,1917 Oct. 29,1917 do Mar. 22,1918 do do Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do Mar. 27,1918 ....do ....do Oct. 23,1917 Oct. 24,1917 ....do Mar. 22,1918 ....do ....do Oct. 16,1917 Oct. 22,1917 ....do Apr. 10,1918 do do Oct. 18,1917 .;..do.. ....do Feb. 9, 1918 Oct. 25,1917 do Oct. 23,1917 ...do Oct. 30,1918 Oct. 23,1917 do Oct. 22,1917 June 26,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 Oct. 18,1917 Mar. 14,1918 Mar. 19,1918 ....do Mar. 25,1918 Oct. 14,1918 Mar. 25,1918 To— Name. Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Apr. 20,1918 Aug. 29,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. ' Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 26,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 30,1918 Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Oct. 29,1918 Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. June 20,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Hamilton and Wenham: Libby, L. E., chairman. Trussell, F. P Fitz, Geo. W Hosmer, Oscar Hancock: Graham, Eev. J. D., chairman. Hadsell, Walter K Snyder, Frank , Hanover: Bowker, Edw. A., chair- man. Brooks, John F Clark, Geo. J. J Hanson: Sturtevant, A. P., chair- man. Sampson, Arthur C Official Sitation. Main Street, Wenham. Hamilton do do Hancock. do. ..do. Brown, Percy C Pratt, DanaN , Hardwiok: Knight, Joseph, chair- man. Clark, FrankD , MoCormaok, Joseph Ward, FredM Harvard: Bateman, F. W., chair- man. Famsworth.Spurgeon M, Peters, Austin Harwich: Hamer, Chas. E., chair- man. Hammond, Chas. H Nichols, Arthur M Hatfield: Howard, Harry L., chairman. McHugh, John Warner, C. Edward Haverhill: McGregor, F. D., chair- man. Kelley, Chas. N Knight, FredM Hingham: Barnes, Chas. B., chair- man. Moore, John J. . ^ , Hersey, Ira G , Hinsdale: Brague, L. Harry, chair- man. Gray, John Walsh, Wm.F Holbrook: McCarthy, Dennis E., chairman. Brooks, Frank B Hodge, Fred L Holden: Hubbard, Loring W., chairman. Battye, Wm. F , Howe, Edmund E . . Holliston: Williams, Arthur A., chairman. Binstock, J... Garratt, Allen V Holyoke: Meacham, Edw. J. chairman. ' Cramer, M. L W., Dowd, P.J Hopedale: Knights, Wm. chairman. Billings, Harry A... Darling, E. A... Hopkinton: Brown, Geo.V.,chairman. Peaslee, C. H Conway, John P. . Hubbardston: Wheeler, Wm. H., chair- man. Wyman, Chas. P Marean, E . Granville Hanover Cen- ter. North Hanover. West Hanover. Volun- 1 eer or salary. Hanson Main Street, South Hanson. Hanson do Gilbertville... Hard wick Wheelwright-, Hardwick Still Eiver. Harvard . do... Harwich. ....do.. ....do.. Main Street. . 41 Main Street. Hatfield 42 Groveland Street. 24 Pleasant Street. 6 Clinton Street Hingham .do. .do. Hinsdale. .do. -do. 190 South Franklin Street. Holbrook ....do Holden - ....do. ....do. Holliston., .do. .do. 103 Lincoln Street. 46 Cleveland Street. 51 View Street.. Hopedale... Milford.... Hopedale. Hopkinton. Woodville..., A Street Hubbardston . . High Street Hubbardston. . V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Mar. 18,1918 May 18,1918 Oct. 26,1917 ....do Mar. 16,1918 Mar. 15,1918 ....do , June 18,1918 do Oct. 26,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Mar. 11,1918 Oct. 24,1917 .do , June 27,1918 Oct. 19,1917 do Dec. 15,1917 Nov. 1,1917 Oct. 30,1917 do To— Oct. 31,1917 .:..do do.... Nov. 7,1917 Nov. 6,1917 do Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 18,1917 Oct. 19,1917 do , Mar. 13,1918 ....do , ....do , Oct. 16,1917 ..do. ..do. Apr. 2,1918 do Apr. 10,1918 Feb. 9, 1918 ..do. ..do. Oct. 23,1917 do do Oct. 30,1917 do do Oct. 13,1917 July 27,1918 Oct. 13,1918 Sept. 6,1918 do Oct. 14,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. May 11,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. June 1,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do- Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL, ADMINISTEATOES. MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 165 Name. CTTT FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Hudson: Dunbai, E. W., chair- man. Eaton, Horace M Saflord, Warren P Hull: McDowell, C. S., chair- man. Wanzer, N. M Wheeler, J.K Huntington: Messer, Don V., chair- man. Allen, E.H Wall, JVilliam Hyannis: Maher, Ed. F., chair- man. Guyer, A. G Sears, Benj Ipswich: Hayward, W. E., chair- man. Garrette,C.S Tougas, J. A Kingston: Wodward, F. C, chair- man. Holmes, A. E Holmes, Horace Lancaster: Dorr, D. H., chairman. Sawyer, F.H Prior, A. L Laneshoro: Newell, H. I., chairman , Williams, Zadoc, chair- man (successor). Whiting, E.M Beers, H.C Lawrence: Ward, Kichard, chair- man. O'Brien, Michael J Stone, C. A. Lee: Ingram,W. I.,chairman- Tolman, William Owens, J. T Lenox: Jaques, Dr. H. B., chairman. Peters, L.H Klipp,H. J Leominster: Blchardson, E. B., chair- man. Healey, J. Ward Ladoo, P. J Goodale, Warren A Leverett: Putney, C. L., chair- man. Marvell.O.C Woodward, Harold Lexington: Herricfc, F. W., chair- man. Dacey, P. F Burrill,Wm. L Lincoln: Todd, C. Lee, chairman. Wamer,H. E Palmer, Henry W Littleton: Patch, Hon. F. A., chairman. Hill, F.H McDonald, Aleck Longmeadow: Temple, Dr. E. S.,ohair- man. Reece,C. L Maxfleld, Jno. G. Pomeroy, C. W.. Darls, Wm. K... OQcial station. Volun- teer or salary. 55 Cottage Street. 50 Rutland Street. 33 Pope Street.. 101 Tremont Street. Allerton Hull Huntington. . . KusseU Street. ....do Hyannis. ....do... ....do... Vine Hill.. - Fruit Street.... A g a w a m Heights. 21 Main Street Kingston.. ....do.... Lancaster P. O. box 296, Clinton. Lancaster Laneshoro do ..do ..do 241 Jackson Street. 293 Hampshire Street. 21 Prospect Street, Me- thuen. South Lee Lee. .do. CUflwood Street Church Street.. Walker Street.. 80 Washington Street. 24 Lancaster Street. 7 Oak Avenue.. Leominster Leverett North Leverett Leverett 27 Percy Eoad. 18 M u z z e y North Lexing- ton. South Lincoln. . do. Lincoln.. Littleton . .do. .do. 64 Belleclaire Avenue. 31 Boseland Terrace. liOngmeadow. . Homestead Boulevard lyongmeadow. . V V V V V V V Served. From— Oct. 24,1917 ....do do Jan. 19,1918 Nov. 5,1917 do Feb. 28,1918 Feb. 26,1918 Feb. 28,1918 Nov. 5,1918 Mar. 22,1918 Oct. 18,1917 Nov. 10,1917 do do Jan. 29,1918 do do Oct. 15,1917 do do Apr. 16,1918 Nov. 21,1918 June 4,1918 May 2,1918 Feb. 28,1918 Nov. 6,1917 Fel3. 28,1918 Oct. 26,1917 Nov. 16,1917 do Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 19,1917 do Oct. 17,1917 Oct. 16,1917 Nov. 16,1917 Dec. 18,1917 July 23,1918 Oct. 13,1917 do Nov. 17,1917 Oct. 26,1917 do Mar. 19,1918 do do Oct. 18,1917 Oct. -13, 1917 do June 19,1918 June 20,1918 Apr. 22,1918 Jime 26,1918 Apr. 22,1918 To— Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 21, 1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. June 1, 1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. June 15,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 June 16,1918 Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES- continued. Lowell: MlUiken, A. D., man Ball, H.J chair- Weld, Fred G. O'Donoghue, J M., chairman. Ludlow: Bartlett, A. H., chair- man. Stone, E.V Chapman, A. P Lunenburg: Baker, Emerson W., chairman. Cass, Henry L Smith, Albert G Stubbs,J.R Lynn: Smith, 0. Fred, chair- man. Eice,E.H Giblin,Edw. F Lynnfleld: Freeman, Dr. E. W., chairman. Russell, Edward Harvey, Everett E Maiden: Blcklord, E. F., chair- man. Porter, H. P., chairman (successor). Hastings, Wm. H Welsh, Francis J Manchester: Edmands, E. L., chair- man. Hoare, James Kelley,Wm.F. Mansfield: Fuller, W. C, chairman McDermott , Wm . P . . . Hana£ord,W. P Marblehead: Day, Wm. H. ,jr. , chair- man. Wilklns,H.F. P., chair- man (successor). Walker, Wm. A Wetherbee, B. D.. Campbell, G.H.,jr Marion: Macafee, E. D., chair- man. Luce, G.I AUanach, John Marlboro: Ellis, Dr. Edw. H., chairman. O'Connell, John A Chamberlain, J. A. Marshfleld: Lamson, F. M., chair- man. Hall, Walton Crosse, 8. R Mattapoisett: Stetson, E. C, chair- man. Ames, Chas. F Bolles.L.S Maynard: Naylor, Joshua, chair- man. Ledgard, J. J. Breck, Thos... Medfield: Mitchell, G. C, chair- man. Allen, Geo. L. L., chair- man (successor). Robbins, W. W Conant, L. K Official station. 151 Princon Street. 15 Woodward Avenue. 263 Fahrmount Street. Lowell 59North Street. Chestnut Place. IHubbard Street. Lunenburg .do.... -do.... .do.... 614 Security Trust Build- ing. 1240ceanStreet 2 Rogers Street. Lynnfleld Cen- ter. do South Lynn- field. Maiden 498 Highland Avenue. 90 Plymouth Road. 37 West Street Manchester — 9 N r wo d Avenue. 402 S u m n e r Street. Mansfield 81 Pratt Street. 29 Hodges Street. Marblehead 23AbbotStreet. 132 Atlantic Avenue. Hillside Ave- nue. Marblehead Marion. .do. .do. 19 Pleasant Street. 24 Fairmount Street. 155 Church Street. Marshfleld ....do Marshfleld-Hills North Street . . . Pearl Street Water Street . . . 46 Brooks Street Nason Street. . Main Street . . - Medfield - ....do... .do. .do. Volun- teer or salary. V , V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 1,1918 Oct. 26,1917 Oct. 9, 1918 Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 20,1917 Oct. 31,1917 Nov. 12,1917 Dec. 3,1917 May 18,1918 Mar. 19,1918 Nov. 30, 1917 To- Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Opt. 1,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. May 18,1918 Oct. 17,1917 Mar. 1, 1919 Oct. 19,1917 do , Apr. 23,1918 .do. .do. t)ct. 15,1917 Sept. 20, 1918 Oct. 15,1917 do Oct. 29,1917 Oct. 27,1917 ....do Oct. 26,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Nov. 21, 1917 Oct. 22,1917 July 17,1918 do Oct. 24,1917 do ....do Oct. 22,1917 ....do Oct. 15,1917 ....do ....do Nov. 12,1917 Oct. 15,1918 Nov. 10, 1917 Oct. 22,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Nov. 1,1917 Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 16,1917 ....do Jan. 25,1918 Jan. 23,1918 do Oct. 26,1918 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Sept. 15, 1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 1, 1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. July 1,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 25,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. 166 EEPORT OF ADMINISTBATIVE DIVISION. MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Medford: Itutohins, Kenneth, cliaimian. Eockwell, J. W. chair- man (successor). HelMUe, D. G Standcumbe, Wm. . Medway: Auel, Chas. W., chair- man. Kingsbury, Sewell E Senior, Walter Mehose: Babbe, Edw. E., chair- man. Morse, Wm. A Barton, Hon. Chas. J Piper, W. E .'... Merrimac: Hoyt, Thos. H., chair- man. Russell, Wm.C Daniels, Fred C Methuen: Forbes, J. C, chairman. Smith, Geo. A Sugar, Alfred Middleboro: Crossley, Wm. B., chair^ man.^ Brett, Sylvanus Richards, Geo. A Middleton: Howe, Galen B., chair- man. Atwood, J. Allen Godfrey, Wm. B MUford: Flanigan, Thos. F., chairman. Sweeney, P. E., chair- man. Lee,F.P Leahy, Wm. D MiUbury: Greenwood, J. R., chair- man. Stowe, G. B Gould, H.W Millls: Cushman, H. M., chair- man. Cole, J. Allen Richardson, E, F Murphy, Dennis M Millville: Day, 0. R.. chairman.. White, A. B Fitzgerald, Michael Milton: Reynolds, P. M., chair- man. Howe, T. C Swift, John. Monroe: Vail, H. J., chairman Kingsley, C. W., chair- man (successor). Kingsley, Warren Davis, Edw. C Monsom Ricketts, Chas. L., chairman. Lyons. E. J Rees, P. R Montague: Bartlett, L. L., chairman Ward, Herbert Marston, Wallace Nahant: Sanborn, D. A., chair- man. Pirie, F. A Hanson, G. E Sherman, L. S Nantucket: Burgess, W. H., chair- man. JudUns.B. T Folger, 1 B Official station. Medford.. 10 Intervale Avenue. Magoun Ave- nue. 87 Wlnthrop Street. Medway West Medway. Medway 128 East Emer- son Street. 15 Auburn Street. Melrose ....do Main Street Merrimac 49 Church Street. 30 High Street.. 79 Tenney Street. 6 Stevens Street. 93 South Main Street. 11 Rock Street . 23 North Main Street. 12 King Street.. 75 Maple Street. 3 Central Street. Milford 42 Pearl Street . 88 Congress Street. 34 Church Street Bnrbank Street West Millbury Orchard Street. Daniels Street. . Main Street MiUis Lavender Street Grove Street . . Central Street . Main Street 84 State Street, Boston. 273 Adams Street. 112 Central Avenue. Monroe ....do ....do Readsboro, Vt Monson -do. -do. Montague Millers Fall... Turners Falls. 52 Valley Road. Nahant . . do... ....do... 33 Fair Street.. 8 Gay Street... 73 Main Street.. Volim- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From — Dec. 3,1917 Oct. 31,1918 Nov. 30,1917 Jan. 14,1918 Oct. 17,1917 Oct. 18,1917 ....do Oct. 16,1917 Mar. 1, 1918 Apr. 26,1918 Oct. 20,1917 Aug. 29,1918 Nov. 7,1917 Oct. 31,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 22,1917 do Oct. 17,1917 Oct. 16,1917 ....do Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do do Oct. 21,1918 Nov. 16,1917 do Oct. 24,1917 do do Apr. 15,1918 Oct. 22,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 22,1917 Nov. 2,1917 do Oct. 31,1917 Oct. 22,1917 do Oct. 19,1917 June 19,1918 Nov. 23,1918 June 19,1918 -...do Oct. 27, 1917 Oct. 28,1917 .-..do Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 16,1917 do Apr. 13,1918 Feb. 18,1918 do Feb. 2, 1918 Oct. 16,1917 Oct. 19,1917 ....do To— Aug. 25,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 15,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 21,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do, Do. Do Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 1,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 20,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 10,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Natick: Kennedy, J. M. F., chairman. Coombs, C. A Rice, Fred M Needham: Grossman, H. A., chair- man. Eaton, Alger E Probert, Wm. A . Buckley, J. F New Bedford: Crapo, H. H., chairman Hatmigan, John Stetson, F. D New Bratntree: Pollard, H. D., chairman. WetherUl, D.C Webb,LS Newbury: Noyes, R. T.^ chairman. . Rogers, Benj. A Tarbox, Orin B Newburyport: Kimball, Hon. M., chair- man. Goodwin, C. W Flint, W.B Hale, Wm. J New Salem: Stowell, E. F., chairman. Cogswell, Burton Moore, W. A Newton: Fisher, Oliver M., chair- man. Hale,F. J Hughes, A. C Norfolk: Sumner, A. M., chair- man. Smiddy, W. H Day, Frank » . Gunning, Jas. X North Adams: Phelps, Hon. C. T., chairman. Wetherbee, H. E Cummings, John Northampton: Mandell, W. D., chair- man. Keogh, S. M Butler, S.L North Andover: Osgood, Isaac, chairman. Sullivan, C. E.. SaunderSjF. H North Attleboro: Morris, Andrew, chair- man. Wall, L. S Ball, Percy Hixon, E. L Northboro: Thomas Alfred, chair- man. Sherman, George.. Buckley, C. E Northbridge: Owen, Henry A., chair- man. Duggan, D. C Berry, F. S Chadwick, George W North Brookfleld: Beebe, Charles C, chair- man. Richards, T. G., chair- man (successor). Fullam, W. F Brace, George W. . Official station. 13 East Street.. 57 West Central Street. 145 Bacon Street 859 Highland Avenue. 120 Warren Street. Needham Heights. Needham 81 Havrthome Street. 162 Butler Street 42 Grove Street. New Braintree. ....do ..-.do Littles Lane... Forest Street, Byfield. Byfleld Newburyport.. 108 State Street. 300 Merrimac Street. Newburyport . . New Salem. . ....do Millington.. 260 Franklin Street. 80 Bigelo w Road, West Newton. Newton High- lands. Norfolk .do. .do. -do. 188 Main Street. 49 East Quin- cey Street. 96 Liberty Street. 72 West Street . 83 Massasoit Street. 57Bridge Street. 36 Osgood Street. 12Q Stevens Street. 71 Elm Street.. South Wash- ington Street. 30 Circular Street. 8 Smith Street. North Attle- boro. East Main Street. School Street... Main Street 27 Linden Street, Whit- insville. Crescent Street. Sutton Street . . Northbridge.... North Brook- fleld. Gilbert Street.. South Main Street. School Street... Volun- teer or salary. Served. Frbm- V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V To— Oct. 24,1917 Mar. 1,1919 Oct. 22,1917 Do. Oct. 24, 1917 Do. Oct. 30,1917 Do. Aug. 7,1918 Do. Oct. 31,1917 Do. Nov. 1,1917 Aug. 1,1918 Oct. 25,1917 Mer. 1,1919 do Mar. 30,1918 Do. Do. Oct. 22,1917 Oct. 15,1918 Oct. 24,1917 Do. Do. Do. Apr. 24,1918 do Do. Do. do Do. May 9,1918 Do. Oct. 24,1917 do Do. Do. do May 1,1918 Aug. 29,1918 do July 23,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Oct. 24,1917 Do. do Do. Oct. 25,1917 Do. Oct. 24,1917 Do. do Dec. 21,1918 Oct. 24,1917 Do. Do. Dec. 20,1918 Oct. 20,1917 Mar. 1,1919 do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. Oct. 16,1917 Do. Oct. 15,1917 Do. Oct. 26,1917 Do. Oct. 18,1917 Do. June 21,1918 Do. Oct. 18,1917 do Do. June 15,1918 Oct. 17,1917 Mar. 1,1919 do do Do. Do. Oct. 22,1917 Do. Mar. 22,1918 Oct. 2, 1918 Oct. 24,1917 Do. Do. Sept. ^,1918 Oct. 18,1917 Aug. 1,1915 -aug. 16,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Aug. 18,1917 Do. do Do. FEDEBAIi FUEL ADMINISTBATOBS. MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 167 Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. • Served. Name. Official station. South Street . . . do Volun teer oi salary Served. From— To- From— To— UTy FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Northfleld: ■ Warner, Charles S., chairman. Northfiold 31 Main Street.. Northfleld do North Reading. 13 Burroughs Street. P.O.Box 47... Attleboro V A' V V "\' V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Oct. 15,1918 Apr. 10,1918 Oct. 15,1918 Oct. 15,1917 Nov. 10,1917 do do........ Oct. 19,1917 do do Oct. 24,1917 do do Mar. 6,1918 Mar. 16,1918 Mar. 22,1918 Oct. 24,1917 May 11,1918 Aug. 29,1918 May 11,1918 June 27,1918 Oct. 26,1917 Oct. 25,1917 do Oct. 17,1917 do do May 9,1918 Nov. 5,1918 May 9,1918 Feb. 14,1918 do do Oct. 19,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do Mar. 22,1918 do do Oct. 24,1917 do do Feb. 28,1918 do do do do do Nov. 7, 1917 do do Jan, 19,1918 Jan. 17,1918 do Aug. 29,1918 Apr. 15,1918 Apr. 16,1918 Oct. 16,1917 Oct. 19,1917 do Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Apr. 8,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 16,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. June 8, 1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. CITY PUEL COMMITTEES— continued. PlainviUe: Rines,M. M. , chairman. . V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V ^' V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Ocl. 1.5,1917 Oct, 16,1917 Sept. 3,1918 Oct. 15,1917 Sept. 4,1918 Oct. 16,1917 do Oct. 25,1917 do Nov. 23., 1917 Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do Dec. 8, 1917 Oct. 2,1918 Dec. 8,1917 do Nov. 3,1917 Nov. 15,1917 Nov. 5, 1917 Oct. 15,1917 do do Feb. 7,1918 Oct. 15,1917 Feb. 5,1918 Oct. 17,1917 Oct. 18,1917 do July 3,1918 Aug. 6,1918 July 3,1918 Mar. 27,1918 do .,. do Oct. 23,1917 Oct. 24,1917 do do do do Mar. 27,1918 do do Aug. 17,1918 Aug. 24,1917 do Aug. 29,1918 Nov. 2,1917 Oct. 16,1918 Feb. 28,1918 Nov. 3,1917 Nov. 4,1917 June 26,1918 Jan. 30,1918 Jan. 25,1918 do Nov. 4,1918 Oct. 15,1917 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Steams, C. C Grant N C Plainvillo I'lymouth 252 Court Street 12 Clayton Street. 21 Alden Street. Plympton Mayflower Rbad. Plympton Princeton do do Do Williams, Charles E Crosier, Homer H North Reading: Nichols, Leslie A., chair- man. Plymouth': Rowell,E. P., chairman. Bradford, G.W., chair- man (successor). Walton Henry.. . Sept. 1,191S Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Putnam, George H Welsh, M. D . Do. Batchelder, Leland D . . . Norton: Reynolds, V. I., chair- man. Plympton; Wright, Lloyd D . , chair- man. Churchill, F, 0.... Do. Do. O'Brien, G. H Savery , George A\" Princeton: Gregory, H. J., chairman. Woodward, C. N Doolittle P C Haskell, George .do Do. Norwood: Parker, Albin K., chair- man. Barr, Robert T 21 Florence Av- enue. 8 W alp ol e Street. 116 Winslow Avenue. Marthas Vine- yard. Do. Do. Do Murphy, Eugene L Oak Bluffs: Provlncetown: Paine, Edwin N., chair- man. Potter, F. E 129 Commercial Street. Prbvincetown. . do 349 Commercial Street. 176 Adams Street. 98 South Street, do . Do. Do. Matthews, E. H., chair- man. Bencher, G. A Hill, F. E Oct. 1, 1918 Mar. 1, 1919 McGrath,T. A Quincy: Barbour, Parley E., chairman. Keyes, J. B . . . JnrilaTl Karnld do Look, Christopher Oakham: Parker, H. B., chairman. Oak Bluffs Coldbrook do Oakham do Do. Do. AUen, Guy Hlbbett F W Do Butler, George S Daniels, Charles B Randolph: Clafl, M *B . , chairman . . . 29 Reel Street.. North Street... N. Main Street. 101 Woburn Street. Minot Street... Main Street.... 48 Bradstreet Arenue. 72 Hill Street... 196 Beach Street Richmond do Mar. 1,1919 Do. Orange: 21 Grove Street. 27 Chase Street . 18 Mechanic Street. Orleans do Dawley, H. S., chairman. Hurley, J. H Do Gridley, Eben E French, Stephen E Orleans: Reading: Howes, A. N., chairman . Do. Do. Hall, George S., chair- Hoyt, Jos. F Do. man. Smith, Thomas A Revere: Pirie, Robert, chairman. Rogers, F. G Do Rogers, Joseph E Otis: South Orleans. . East Otis Otis.. Do Clark, E. M., chairman. . ComweU, William C Finn, John R. H Richmond: Benton, Chas. D., chair- man. Do. Norton, George R do Do Oxford: Turner, Charles N., Oxford Do chairman. Cariing James H Howe, Daniel M Palmer: Le Gro, Charles, chair- do do 37 Converse Street. 37 Pine Street.. 23 Squier Street. Fairfleld.J. H Rochester: Dexter, Chas. E., chair- man. Cowen, Geo. A do Rochester ... do .... Do. Do. Do man. Cobb, WatsonT Rockland: Randall, A. I., chairman. Burgess, Rev. C. A Mahoney, James Rockport: Knowlton, Edgar, chair- man. Wheeler, Sumner Y West Wareham. 51 Reed Street . 210 Union Street 282 Centre Ave- nue. 31 School Street 46 Broadway... 141 Granite Street, Pigeon Cove. Rowe • Do. Chandler, L. E... Do. Do. Do. Paxton: Pike, Henry H., chair- man. •RohiTisnTi TT .=! do Whitney, George H Peabody: Hayes, GeorgeE., chair- man. do 29 Sutton Street. 197 Lowell Street. 145 Federal Street, Salem. Amherst West Pelham.. Pelham North I'em- broke. Pembroke West Duxbury. East Pepperell. High Street.... Park Street Petersham do Do. Do. Do Ray M. T Rowe: Raymond, T. R., chair- man. Sibley, Emory B Do ■ Pelham: Bartlett, E. I'., chair- do Do man. Brown, Ide .do . Do Rowley: Dummer, J. W., chair- man. Marshall, J. A Glen Street Main Street Rowley 21 Pleasant Street. Royalston South Royals- ton. Royalston Woronoco Huntington Do. Pembroke: Howard, William A., chairman. Kirby, Foster, Harlan C Eoyalston: Sampson, L. B., chair- man. French, 8. Do. Bates, C. R Do. Do Pepperell: Saunders, Joseph A., chairman. Wilkey, J F . Do Hayes P. J . Cross, F W . . Hutchinson, H. W Opt Ifi lOlS Petersham: Broderick, D.^chairman. Eussell: .Tnhn.'snn^ W O Afar 1 1Q1Q Walkinshaw, James Do. Do. Do. Do Dennen, Dr. J. H do Phillipston: Cotton John, chairman. Athol . Rutland: Hanfl, L. M., chairman. . Drury Fred H Rutland Drury Lane Rutland do Bibber, Amos S ....do Hatchings J.J .do.... Risley, C, Harold Griffin, Miles Nov. 1,1918 Mar 1 1919 Pittsfield: " ' 175 Wendell Avenue. Colt Avenue... 10 Broad Street ■ EngIand,D., chairman. . Colt, S. G Salem: Thompson, A. P., chair- man. Humphrey Street, Mar- blehead. Do. Bliss, E.M 168 REPOBT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIOKT, MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. aTT FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Salem— Continued. Cabeen, J. F Tivnan, J.B Salisbury: Buswell, G. W., chair- man. Bartlett, A. Willis Dow, A. Warren Sandwicn: Lapham, Geo. B., chair- man. Haines, Geo. H McCardle, Jos.B Kelleher, Thos. S Saugus: Sawyer, F. L., chairman Oliver, E. B . McDuffee, C. B Savoy: Fltzroy, H. H., chair- man. Burnett, M. H Cain,C.E. G Scituate: Supple, Wm. E., chair- man. Wade, Wm. W Burke, Paul F Sharon: Chm'oh, E. C, chairman. Hawkins, V. M O'Leary, Thos Sheffield: Tower, A. O., chairman. French, F. B Fox, S. M Shelbume Falls: Parsons, J. B., chair- man. Bird, Leander, chairman. Forbes, W.D Francis. E. B. Balls, W.S... Farr, J. D Sherbom: Wright, A. R., chairman. Jackson, John Burke, J. J , Howe, O.H Shirley: Pratt, E. S., chairman. . Peasley, H. O Cassavoy, Jos Shrewsbury: Maynard, H. A., chair- man. Cook, H. A Watts, C.W Somerset: Hanson, F. L., chair- man. Glflord, Adam W Simmons, F.S Somerville: Carr, F. M., chairman... OfScial station. 18 Cabot Street. 361 Lafayette Street. Lafayette Boad Congress Street Pleasant Street. 133 Union Ave- nue. Sandwich Daniel Webster Inn. Sandwich... Volun- teer or 5 Jackson Street, Clifton. 69 Lincoln Ave- nue. 10 Essex Street. Savoy Center... -do., -do.. Scituate. Egypt North Scituate . Sharon.. do.. ....do.. -do. -do. Shelburne 7 Grove Street Shelburne Falls. Griswoldville.. Shel burne Falls. ....do Sherborn ....do ....do ....do Parker, F. W. Toomey, A. J. Southampton: Graves, Chas., chair- man. Atkins, E. L Strong, F.N Southboro: O'Leary, Jas. E., chair- man. Carpenter, F True, Josiah Waldron, Thos. E Southbridge: Clarke, J. G., chairman. . Buckley, W.W Gabree, JulienC Armstrong, E. B. Shirley . 9 Center Eoad., Fredonian Street. Shrewsbury ... do do Riverside Ave- nue, PotterS' ville. do 25 High Street'.. 12 Westwood Road. 135 Highland Avenue. 18 Lincoln Street. Main Street... Southampton . do Southboro.. Main Street Southboro Main Street..:. 20 High Street . 4 Franklin Ter- race. 37 South Street. Southbridge V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From — Oct. 16,1917 ....do Feb. 12,1918 do June 22,1918 Apr. 17,1918 Oct. 24,1918 do Oct. 24,1917 Jan. 19,1918 Feb. 13,1918 do Apr. 4, 1918 ....do ....do Jan. 30,1918 Jan. 31,1918 Oct. 19,1917 Oct. 23,1917 Oct. 26,1917 ....do Oct. 18,1917 Oct. 16,1917 ....do Oct. 26,1917 Oct. 20,1918 Oct. 1,1918 ....do Oct. 26,1917 -do. Feb. 7, 1918 Nov. 6,1918 Nov. 7,1918 Feb. 28,1918 Apr. 2,1918 Nov. 8,1917 do Oct. 24,1917 do do Apr. 6, 1918 do do Oct. 13,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do Mar. 25,1918 Apr. 26, 1918 do Oct. 21,1918 Apr. 23,1918 do do June 22,1918 do Oct. 17,1917 Oct. 29,1917 To— Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 1,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 1, 1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Aug. 1,1918 Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Aug. 26,1918 Mar.' 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 16,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. June 15,1918 Name. CiTT FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. South Deerfleld: Campbell, Jas., chair- man. Rice, Edw. A Manix, J. T. South Hadley: Hanks, H. E., chairman. Judge, Patrick J Kinney, Asa J Winslow, Geo. H Southwick: Webb, A. R., chairman Arnold, CM Hollister, E. G Spencer: Durell, Chas. M., chair- man. Prouty, Chas. N Eamer, Geo. H Springfield: Carter, Edwin A., chair- man. Emerson, Dr. H. C Walbridge, Chas. C Official station. Volun- teer or South D e e r - field. North Main Street. South Deer- field. Elm Street, South Had- ley Falls. South Hadley Falls. South Hadley. . ....do Southwick . ....do ....do Sterling: Rugg, H. W., chairman Crane, Rev. F. T Longley, Jacob W Stockbridge: Punderson, Jas. H., chairman. Corcoran, Jas. C Benjamin, E. A Stoneham: Patch, R. R., chair- . man. Hamill, Hugh. Buck, Chas. F StoM;hton: Lehan, Jas., chairman.. Dodge, Chas. E Curtis, Chas. F Sturbridge: La Flamme, Jos., chair- man. Brown, E. D.. . Wright, Chas. "W. ..'."'. Sudbury: Way, Chas. H., chair- man. Hurlbut, R. H Crocker, Courtenay Sunderland: Clark, C. F., chairman Hubbard, F. D Warner, A. C , Sutton: Woodbury, Chas. N., chairman. Putnam, F. L Miller, Chas. E Swansea: Gardner, F. L., chair- man. Traynor, Richard Gardner, Chester R Taunton: Davison, Wm. J., chair- man. Vauderwarker, E. K Anthony, J. L Templeton: Bourn, R. T., chairman. Shepardson, E . A Stevens, C. A Tewksbury: Patten, W. A., chair- man. Spaulding, Beni SmaU, L. E • , 11 High Street., Cherry Street . . Maple Street . . 25 Harrison Avenue. 146 Chestnut Street. 1127 Worthing- ton Street. Sterling . do... do... East Main Street. Glendale, P.O. Maple HUI. Main Street 25 Congress Street. 49 Warren Street. 27 High Street.. 763i Washing- ton Street. SaCanton Street. York Street.... Fiskdalc ....do ....do Plympton Road South Sudbury. 845 Tremont Building, Boston. Sunderland do do Sutton. Box 125, Man- chaug. Sutton South Swansea R. F. D. No. 1, Swansea. South Swansea. 28 Harrison Street. 45 Warren Street. 77 Somerset Avenue. Templeton Bald wins ville . . 2 Cottage Street Tewksbury do ,,,.do ,,,, V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Feb. 7, 1918 Feb. 21,1918 Feb. 8, 1918 June 21,1918 Mar. 6,1918 do ....do Oct. 26,1917 do ...-do Nov. 1,1917 Oct. 24,1917 do ....do Dec. 11,1917 do... Feb. 8,1918 Feb. 14,1918 do To— Oct. 29,1917 do do Oct. 20,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do Dec. 12,1917 do do Oct. 24,1917 do do Feb. 16,1918 Jan. 29,1918 do July 5,1918 do do Feb. 1,1918 do do Nov. 1,1917 Oct. 30,1917 do Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 25,1917 Oct. 23,1917 Nov. 3,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 Oct. 26,1917 Oct. 16,1917 Apr. 23,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. June 1, 1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDEBAIi FUEL ADMINISTKATOBS. MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 169 Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Tlsbury: Lord, Edw. C, chair- man. Lace, S. C Thompson, Dr. E. S Topsfleid: Gleason, LeRoy, chair- man. Dow, E. M Dingle, F. W Townsend: Bagley, A. D., chair- man. Ormsby, F. H Whitcomb, G. L Truro: Small, I. M., chairman. Hart,B. S Small, E. H Tyngshorough: Queen, C. : H., chairman. Shea^D. J Curtiss, M. G Curtiss, LowTille Tyringham: warren, G. E., chair- man. OfBcial station. Volun- teer or salary. Vineyard Haven V ...do., ...do. V V High Street. ... V Topsfleld ' V do V V V Townsend Har- bor. West Town- send. Townsend V North Truro.. do do Old Nashua Road. Tyngshorough '.'.'.'.do'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.. Taylor, Raymond.. Clarke, J. Upton: Miskell, Wm. H., chair- man. Snow, L. A True, Walter W Oxbridge; Fisher, James, chair- man. Britton, C. E Seagrave, A. E Wakefield: Sopher, Dr. C. L., chair- man. Taylor, Geo. H Poland, J. Warren Walpole: Stowell, H. M., chair- man. Fuller, Edw. J PUmpton, H. P... Waltham: Olney, Chas. J., chairman. Morrissey, J. P Beal, Geo. R. McCusker, John H Ware: Hitchcock, Chas. C, chairman. Braimigan, Edw. J Moore, Ossian N Wareham: Makepeace, J. C, chair- man. Besse, F. A., chairman (successor). Besse, Silas A Maryelle, J. E Gary, Bailey W., chair- man. Freeman, Jos. F Warr, Wm. E. C Warren: Gleason, F. E., chair- ' man. Williams, Edw. F Senter, Percy Chapdelalne, Edmund.. Hosley, Warren D Watertown: Robie, F. H., chairman Keefe, J. P Hillman, H. L . Wayland: Lovell, Wm. S., chairman Peradau, Napoleon . . DorsUeJiner.Edw. F. Tyringham.. .do., .do- Upton West Upton.. Main Street . . Uxbridge Linwood... Uxbridge . . Wakefield., 36 Crescent Street. 230 Main Street. 191 Common Street. Pleasant Street, East Walpole. Main Street . Waltham . . . 5 Chamberlui Terrace, North Wal- tham. 22 Summer Avenue. 62 C huroh Street. Ware ...do., ...do.. Wareham do... East Wareham 436 Main Street Wareham ..do...., ..do..... Warren . .do .do -do .do 19 Garfield Street. 80 Galen Street, 30 Hawthorne Street. Cochituate Road. Cochituate ....do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From — Oct. 24,1917 Nov. 24,1917 Oct. 23,1917 Nov. 22,1917 Nov. 5,1918 Oct. 16,1918 Nov. 3,1917 do do Nov. 6, 1917 Nov. 26,1917 do Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 25,1917 June 4, 1918 Oct. 25,1917 Mar. 27,1918 Aug. 29,1918 Mar. 27,1918 Oct. 17,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do To— Mar. 8, 1918 Oct. 31,1917 do Oct. 18,1917 do do Oct. 20,1917 Oct. 18,1917 do Oct. 17,1917 Sept. 23, 1918 Oct. 17,1917 ....do Oct. 15,1917 ....do Oct. 20,1917 Oct. 17,1917 Nov. 29,1918 Oct. 17,1917 Oct. 15,1917 Deo. 23,1918 ....do ....do Mar. 6,1918 Nov. 1,1918 ....do Feb. 28, 1918 do Oct. 26,1917 Oct. 29,1917 ....do Oct. 26,1917 ....do ....do Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. June 1, 1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. June 1, 1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 16,1918 Dec. 14,1918 Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 31,1918 Do. Mar. ), 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. CITY rUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Webster: Hill, Edgar S., chairman, Prescott, Jesse Howard, Mart Conway, Jno. H Wellesley: Whiltemore, C. A., chairman. Leslie, F. C, chairman (successor). Hatfield, T. D . Wellfleet: Porch, S. F^ chairman Rogers, A. H , Whorf, Edgar L , Wendell: Putnam, E. S., chairman Lilley, Alton E Winsnip, Wm. L Westboro: Woodman, Geo. H., chairman. Beaman, Ira M Crowe, John P West Boyiston: Clark, W. E., chairman , I^mb,Chas. T Huntington, W. M West Bridgewater: Eendall, C. P., chairman Cobb, Geo. F , Le Lacheur, Tr. E. S.. West Brookflcld: Johnson, Geo. A., chair- man. Allen, C.W , Carter, B. M , Westfleld: Grant, Frank, chairman. Smith, Edwin J Norton, Arthur G Westtord: Cameron, J. A., chair- man. Hildreth, H. V Spalding, O. R Westminster: Miller, F. A., chairman. Bruce, G. W Simonds, C. A West Newbury: Cooney, Daniel, chair- man. McDonald, J. W Thurlow, G. C Weston: Johnson, A. T., chair- man. Ripley, Edw. P Warren, H. F Howe, Owen C Westport: Tallman, C. R., chair- man. Potter, A. J Giilord, Neteon West Springfield: Remington, A. H., chair- man. Penton, H. H Brickett, J. B West Stockbridge: Moore, J. S., chairman. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Webster . ....do... ....do... .....do... Bossidy, J. F Kniffin, Chas. W Weymouth: Hrmt, Edw., chairman- Tilden, H., chairman (successor). Dunbar, Sidney G 407 Linden Street. 30 Washington Street, Wel- lesley Lower Falls. 745 Washing- ton Street. Wellfleet. do... do... Wendell pot. do... Farley . - - De- 20 R u g g 1 e s Street. 31 Summer Street. 54 South Street. West Boyiston. do Oakdale West Bridge- water. Richards Cor- ner. West Bridge- water. West Brook- field. do do 78 Main Street . . 108 Franklin Street. 96 Union Street. Westtord .do. -do. Raymond, Almon B — Whately: Crofts, M. L., chairman Waite,C.C Powers, Morris P. O. Box 83.. P. O. Box 107. P. O. Box 89.. Main Street — R.F.D.,West Newbury. Moulton Street. Wellesley Street Weston Central Avenue Weston South Westport Central Street . South Westport 16 Elm Circle. 358 Park Street. 443 Main Street. West Stock- bridge. do do Weymouth . . . . East Wey- mouth. North Wey- mouth. South Wey- mouth. Whately do East Whately. - V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Oct. 26,1917 Oct. 22,1917 July 6, 1918 Oct. 22,1917 Oct. 17,1917 Oct. 18,1917 .do. Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 22,1917 ....do Oct. 15,1917 Nov. 5,1918 July 27,1918 Oct. 17,1917 do do Oct. 15,1918 ....do ....do July 17,1918 do Aug. 29,1918 Apr. 23,1918 .do. .do. Oct. 16,1917 do do Nov. 3,1917 July 10,1918 Oct. 15,1917 Apr. 6, 1918 Jime 4, 1918 Apr. 15,1918 Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 31,1917 do do do do Nov. 2,1917 Feb. 28,1918 .do. .do. Oct. 18,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 16,1917 Nov. 6,1917 do Nov. 3,1917 Nov. 18,1917 Oct. 7, 1918 Oct. 18,1918 do Oct. 24,1917 do do To— Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. July 1, 1918 Nov. 15,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. . Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. May 1,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ]>o. Do. Do. Oct. 15,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 170 REPOKT OF ADMINISTRATIVE ^DIVISION. MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. CITT FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Whitman: Atwood, Benj. S., chair- man. Eeed, Harry Kirby, J. T. Wilbraham Green, Fred W., chair- man. Fuller F. A Gumey, F. A Williamsburg: Hills, A. S., chairman. .. Smith, Hubert A Polmatier, A. J Williamstown: Moore, F. E., chairman.. Hoyt, Willard E Tavelli, J.V Wilmington: Fames, A. N,, chairman. Alden, Chas. C. (succes- sor). Fames, Edw. N Derring, H. E DeLorlea, H. N Colgate, D. K.., Winchendon: Henry, Dr. J. G., chair- Whitney, Orange Crockett, Joseph Winchester: Downs, J. A., chairman. FitzgeraldjJ. J . Emerson, H. A . Official station. 70 Pleasant St.. 85 Whitman Avenue 21 Whitman Avenue Wilbraham . . North Wilbra- ham. Main St Haydenville . . .....do Williamsburg . Williamstown. do do Wilmington. . . Clark Street. . - Church Street. North Wil- mington. Wilmington... do Winchendon - . .do. .do. Arlington Street. 10 Oak Street.. 29 Rangeley Street. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From — Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 23,1917 do Oct. 17,1917 Oct. 20, 1917 do Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 25,1917 Oct. 23,1917 Oct. 17,1917 do do Oct. 13,1917 Oct. 21,1918 do do Oct. 13,1917 do Feb. ,25,1918 do ....do -.. Oct. 19,1917 Oct. 18,1917 do To— Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 16,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Oct. 15,1918 Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Windsor: Estes, W. C, chairman.. Miner, G. L Jacobs, O. D Winthrop: Roberts, H. W., jr., chairman. WooUcott, F. W. F Hodges, F. L Bennison, Chas. E Wobum: Silver, E. E., chairman. Meagher, M.J. Porter, E. K... McCarron, M. H Worcester: Gage, Thos. H., chair- man. Newton. A. E Eeidy.M. F Official station. Sibley, Willis E Wrentham: Dodd, Geo. L^ chairman Mahoney, P. H Carpenter, J. E Yarmouth: Howes, Chas. R., chair- man. Crowell, Manton H Parker, David F . Windsor East Windsor. do 24Forrest Street 15 Thornton Street. 68 Washington Avenue. Winthrop 23 Arlington Road. Main Street — 26 Arlington Eoad. Wobum 39 West Street 127 Jime Street 14 Montvale Road. Worcester Wrentham... do South Street . Yarmouth . South Yar- mouth. Yarmouth Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— May 27,1918 Oct. 16,1918 Mar. 27,1918 Feb. 8,1918 Feb. 21,1918 July 15,1918 Jan. 8, 1918 Oct. 13,1917 June 14,1918 Oct. 17,1917 do Apr. 12,1918 Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 13,1917 do Dec. 1,1917 ....do ....do June 24,1918 Feb. 12,1918 June 24,1918 To— Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 15,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. June 1, 1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Apr. 6,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. NEW ENGLAND FUEL ADMINISTRATION. Name. Storrow, James J ADVISORY COMMITTEE. Storrow, Jahies J.J. ElUs,.DavidA Moriarty, James T.. O'Hare, J. Frank.. Carter, Bdwln A... Crape, H. A..-J Gage, T. Harvey... ADVISORY SHIPPERS COMMITTEE. WiUett.W. W Covel, B Alexander, O. L Burton, S. P Cannon, H. P Crowley, Capt. A. L.. Crowley, Capt. J. G . . Grant, R Hamlin, E Hawley, G Stevens, Com. H.E... STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Pierce, Jno. B Howie, D. H Kelley, E. S Longley, E. W Herlihy, W. R Smith, Jeremiah, jr. Duncan, A. G Ames, Newell S Anderson, Metta L.. Anthony, Mildred... Babb, S. E Title. Fuel administrator for New Eng- land. Chairman. Secretary- Deputy and general secretary.. do Assistant Treasurer Assistant treasurer Special assistant Special representative of manu- facturers. Clerk Stenographer and private sec- retary. Clerk Office manager Official station. Statehouse, Boston.. Statehouse, Boston.. do do ;.... do do do do Statehouse, Boston.. do do do do do do do do do do 167 Statehouse, Boston. do do do 413 Statehouse, Boston.. do do Statehouse, Boston.. ....do 167 Statehouse, Boston. ....do Home address. 417 Beacon Street, Boston. 417 Beacon Street, Boston. . 238 Maple Street, Springfield. New Bedford Worcester 141 Milk Street, Boston.. do 50 Congress Street, Boston 40 Central Street, Boston 148 State Street, Boston do Ill Devonshire Street, Boston.. 20 Exchange Place, Boston... 70 Kilby Street, Boston 148 State Street, Boston 24 Cedar Street, Boston 44 State Street, Boston Edgewood Road, Lexington.... 50 Oliver Street, Boston 126 Broadway, ArUngton.. 84 State Street, Boston 201 Devonshire Street, Boston.. 2 Arnold Street, North Attleboro.. 15 University Avenue, Medford Millside. 90 Tonawanda Street, Dorchester . 41 Hawthorne Street, Cambridge.. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Sept. 28, 1917 Sept. 28, 1917 do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Oct. 1,1917 do ....do ....do ....do do ....do do do do do Oct. 3, 1917 do do do Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 3,1917 do Dec. 26,1917 Nov. 26,1917 Sept. 17, 1918 Nov. 22,1917 To- Apr. 5,1919 Mar. 31,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 31,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 31,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 11,1918 Jan. 1, 1919 Apr. 20,1918 Apr. 30,1918 Oct. 5,1918 Deo. 31,1918 FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. NEW ENGLAND FUEL ADMINISTRATION— Continued. 171 Name. Title. OfBcial station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To- state OFFICE PERSONNEL — contiaued. Baker, Charlotte E. Barter, Helen Barden, Myra H Barry, Marv Bartlett, Mrs. TMrza. Beaton, Mary E Benner, H. C Bostwlck, Ethel M... Brown, Charlotte D.. Butler, Eleanor Buckley, Geraldine C Caskie, Lottie Cavanagh, Elizabeth. Cable, Rosalie Clifford, Joseph Cochrane, Mrs. Madeline. . Goes, PhyUis.... Cole, Florence M . Collat, Winifred.. Cronin, EiEe Crosby, Margaret Crowell, Erelyn., Curzon, Hilda Cutler, Myrtle.--. Davis, May D Desmond,Margaret . Doherty, Frances. - - Doherty, Helen Donoghue, Alice E Brown, Betty Duffy, Mary Eaton, Emma Emerson, I.illian J - - . a Emmons, Florence Emmons, H.T Ewing, Mary A Fallon, Alice FarreU, Mary Feldman, Helene Flanders, Marion Fleet, Dorothy il Gammon, Mary Gethins, Elinor E Grancola, Dominick..- Grannan, Margaret C. Griffin, Mildred Griffith, Mrs. C. E Haigh, EthelN Hagerty , -Eileen A HagertT, Geraldine A - Hall, Jas.P Hanson, Edward Hatch, Beatrice L Hayes, Mrs. Alice Haynes, Fred G Henderson, Helen HiU, GertnideN Hill, Mrs.LenaM Hill, Madeline Hindman, Mattie Hyatt, PhebeC Jmberger, Frank Insoft, Genevieve Jackson, Elizabeth Jensen, Carl, jr Johnson, Luch E. H- Jones, Ellen K Jones. Florence G - . : . Joslin, Florence M. . . Kallen, Frances H Eelley, Florence L Kelley, Grace Kellogg, Elizabeth Kechane, Catherine F. Kimball. Ruth Lafayette. Marian J Laing, Bessie J Lamb, Annie M Larsen. Louise Laskey, Aurietta Leveridge, Florence Linsloy. Catherine Long. Gertrude Lownp.y , Anna Lucey ,' Anna E MacDonald, Isabel MacDonald, Mabel S. . . MacKenzie, Marjone. . . McAlvin. Mabel E McCarthy, Alice C McCarthy. Mary L McElroy. Kuth Maher, Jas. I Harden, Albertena. Clerk Typist Stenographer Clerk ....do Stenographer Assistant office manager.. Stenographer Assistant oifice manager.. Office girl Clerk Typist Clerk Typist Office boy Clerk do Stenographer Clerk Stenographer Clerk Clerk (conservation) Clerk -...do 167 Statehouse, Boston.. ....do ....do 413 Statehouse, Boston.. ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do 167 Statehouse. Boston.. ....do ....do 413 Statehouse, Boston.. 167 Statehouse, Boston.. ....do 413 Statehouse, Boston. . ....do 167 Statehouse, Boston.. 413 Statehouse, Boston. . 167 Statehouse, Boston.. 413 Statehouse, Boston.. do Typist Stenographer.. Office girl .do., .do. .do.. Steno. Lio Do. ■Im. 31. 1919 V-iX. 15,-^ 1919 Oct. 31,i^918 Mar. 16, 101s,-> Jan. 15,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Do. Do. Do. Jan. 10,1918 Dec. 21,1918 Nov. 30,1918 Mar. 15,1919 Dec. 31,1918 202 REPORT OP ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. MISSOURI— Continued. / / Name. STATE ADVISOBT BOABD continued. Cooper, B. V Diokerson, H. S Gordon, Emilee Hammen, Mrs. EditliC.. Hyatt, Mrs. Jessie ■.. KuoUmeyer, Helen Lane, Charles Lane, Lida McCrawIey, A. L Moore, John Nelson, Gertrude H Pash, Olive Roer, F.W : Shuman, Gertrude- Wagner, Edwina Wack,J. H Cochrane, R. W-. Jones, W. I Bryant, Guy Coan, L. P Heiuecke, Walter. Leber, C. F McDowell, Mrs. M. H . . . Mittendorf, Mrs. Mabel. . Palmer, Jessie. . . Roth, Lena Snringe, Walter. Weiser,C. H Mount, W. E . (successor) . Wilmer, S. (deceased) Wallace, E.J Wheat, Francis Wright, GuyH Kent, J.M Mitchell, Howard Price, Walter Swetman, Emory Lee. FUEL COMMITTEE FOB OTT OF ST. LOUIS. Nims, E. D., chairman. Morrow, Charles E Bixter, Samuel W . Nijent, D.CJr... FUE- COMMITTEE FOB KAN- SAS CITY. Lanpkin, Walter L., chair- man- Edwa''ds, George H Federiiann, William Title. Statistician District engineer (conservation) , Clerk , Stenographer Clerk Typist and clerk Janitor Stenographer Special assistant Janitor Stenographer and private sec- retarjr. Special investigator Clerk and typist .■ Statistician Official station. Jefferson City, do Clerk (conservation) . Traffic advisor. ....do ....do Inspector. do do.... do.... Stenographer. .do. .do. .do. Inspector and instructor. 'Secretary do Chief inspector In charge of inspection. Stenographer Inspector District engineer . Secretary Inspector Stenographer -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. St. Louis., .do.... .do.... .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Home address. Jefferson City . BoUa Jefferson City - do do do do Monroe City... Jefferson City. do do Kansas City.. do ....do ....do St. Louis.. ....do.... -do. .do. Kansas City. . .do. .do. Warrensburg 31S Benton Street, Jefferson City. Jefferson City do 237 East Dunklin Street, Jefferson City. Care Wabash R. R., St. Louis do Care Missouri Pacific R. R., St. Louis. 556 Eiler Avenue, St. Louis 8319 Michigan Avenue, St. Louis. . 3523 Juanita Street, St. Louis 3820 North Twenty-filth Street, St. Louis. 4049 Washington Boulevard, St. Louis. 918 Boatman's Bank Building, St. Louis. Volun- teer or salary. Clayton 3442 Sidney Street, St. Louis 918 Boatman's Bank Building, St. 'Louis. 3857 De Fonty Street, St. Louis . . . St. Louis 3674 Shaw Avenue, St. Louis Third National Bank Building, St. Louis. 2446 Harrison Street, Kansas City.. Kansas City do 4004 Bell Street, Kansas City Boatman's Bank Building, St. . Louis. Third National Bank Building, St. Louis. East St. Louis, 111 St. Louis Gloyd Building, Kansas City. .do. -do. S V S s s s s s V s s V V V V V V s s s s V s V Served. From— Nov. 11,1918 Aug. 26,1918 May 27,1918 Aug. 7,1918 July 30,1918 Nov. 14,1917 Nov. 1,1917 do Jan. 15, 1918 Jan. 9, 1919 Dec. 15,1917 Nov. 1,1917 do Aug. 1,1918 July 1,1918 Aug. 5,1918 Dec. 19,1917 Feb. 11,1918 Dec. 15,1917 July 10,1918 Nov. 13,1918 ....do ....do To— V V V V V V Nov. 7,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Jan. 1,1918 Aug. 1,1918 Sept. 3,1918 Nov. 6,1917 July 1,1918 Jan. 24,1918 Apr. 1,1918 July 28,1918 Dec. 10,1917 Oct. 22,1918 May 15,1918 Nov. 5,1918 Sept. 15,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do Dec. 20,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 Nov. 1,1917 ...do.. ...do.. Dec. 31, 1918 Do. , Do. Jan. 31,1919 Oct. 9, 1918 Jan. 13,1918 Jan. 8,1919 Nov. 30, 19>7 Mar. 15,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 15,1919 Deo. 31,1918 Nov. 15,1918 Aug. 1, 1918 Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 11,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Dec. 31,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 15,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Jan. 31,1919 Jan. 15,1918 Mar. 15,1918 Dec. 15,1918 Dec. 31,1918 June 30,1918 Deo. Feb. Mar. Jan. Mar. 31,1918 28, 1918 1,1919 31,1919 1, 1919 Dec. 31,1918 Jan. 31,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Nov. 30,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Dec. 11,1917 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. FUEL COMMITTEES. . Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To— From- To— COUNT-E FUEL COMMITTEES. Adair: * K;irk,JohnR.,chairman. Syoop, .Judge Jacob H. . jJcClanahan, Judge C. B. Aw^rew: Clark, Oren H., chair- man. West, N. E Kirksville Novinger Kirksville, route 4. Savannah Bolckow Savannah Tarkio V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 1,1917 do do do .....do do do do do do Mar. 1, 1918 Nov. 1, 1917 Mar. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1918 Mar. 15,1919 Do. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Barry: Chappel, S. A., chair- man. Guiley A. K Monett V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do do do do do Mar. 15,1919 Purdy Ray, Means Cassrilie ... Barton: Aull, Arthur, chairman. Martin, Thomas W Bates: Denton, C. A., chairman. Montgomery, R. N Dowell, J. E Do. Do. Roberts, J. W... do Butler Atchison: Salmon, W. L., chair- Do. man. Prettyman, George, sr. . Fairfax Rockport Rich Hill Do. Do. Schooler, F. H . . Benton: Lay, Henry P., chair- man. Wisdom, W. W. Hedrick, R. W.... Warsaw Lincoln Cole Camp Marble Hill Do. Audrain: Harrison, J. F., chair- Do. man. Vivion, W., chairman do Vandalia Do. Gatson, John Bollinger: Maybuse, F. F., chair- man. V do Do. Ford, James G Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. MISSOURI— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 203 Name. OiRclal station. Volun- teer or salary. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued- Boone: Collier, H. A., chairman. Walker, Lee Hope, R. L Westcott, A. L., inspec- tor. Hibbard, H. W., dis- trict engineer. Dunlap, Frederick Buchanan: Lysa^ht, Thomas J., chauTnan. Newcomb, E. B Slattery, T.J Hombuckle, Ada, ste- nographer. Butler: Tetweiler, C. W., chair- man. Maze, W. W , Johnson, K. C Caldwell: Keed, L. W^ chairman. . Adams, D. E Thompson, Sid Callaway: Atkinson, J. H., chair- man. Rood, Homer O Hodges R. Earl Cape Girardeau: Houck, Louis B., chair- man. Vineyard, Ben Grant, Clarence L Hart, E. A. (conserva- tion). Carroll: Thomas, D. D., chair- man. Hutchison, W. H Settles, J. S Bowers, C. G Carter: Clark, O. L., chairman.. Cass: Hamilton, Sidney J., chairman. Huist, Judge H. V. (suc- cessor). Knorp, WIU Cedar: Harris, Fred K., chair- man. Peer, P. A DaTLS, W.C Chariton: Hayes, H. L., chairman Sasse, F. C Hamilton, T. R Christian: Walker, Charles L., chairman. Morris, Joel T SulUvan, W. P Clark: Sherrill, L. R., chair- man. Fairbrother, Edward... Black, Dr. A. R Clay: Costello, James, chair- man. Williams, Sidney J.. ,. . , McCrory, W. T , Columbia . ....do.... Centralia. , Columbia. ....do ....do St. Joseph... -do. -do. -do. Poplar Blufl. -do. -do. Breckenridge . Hamilton Cowgill Fulton. Auxvasse. Mokane... Cape Girardeau ....do Jackson Cape Girardeau. CarroUton. . Clinton: Hook, S. H., chairman. Stuckey.S. L Eberts,R. L Cole: McHenry, Houck, chair- man. Johnson, W. W , Case, John W Cooper: Jacobs, Mark, chairman, Pendleton, W. G Shamon, Flem Rowe, Will Kerns, W. B Crawford: Clymer, Harry, chair- man. Dade: Merrill, Richard chairman. Carlock, Dr. Henry Frye, Dr. R. A H., .do. -do. -do. VanBuren Harrisonvllle.. do Pleasant Hill.. Elder ado Springs. Jerico Springs . Stockton Salisbury . . Brunswick - Dalton Ozark Sparta... Billings. Kahoka. Luray Wayland.. Liberty . . , Smithvllle Excelsior Springs. Cameron... Lathrop Plattsburg. Jefferson City.. ....do do Boonvllle do ....do do Bunceton Steelville. . Greenfield.. Everton Lookwood.. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V ' V V V V V V V V V Served. From- To— Nov. 1,1917 do ....do Oct. 10,1918 Aug. 10,1918 Jan. 24,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 ....do ....do Nov. 21,1917 Nov. 1,1917 -do. .do. do. do do Aug. 10.1918 .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. -do. Nov. 1,1917 -do. .do. .do- ....do ....do Nov. 1,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. do.. do do ....do ..do ..do .do.... ..do ..do -do., .do., .do.. ....do.. .do., .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do;. .do.. .do., .do.. Mar. 15,1919 Do. Do. Dec. 31,1918 Do. Mar. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Jan. 31,1919 Mar. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 31,1918 Mar. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 1, 1918 Mar. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. Ofllcial station. Volun- teer or salary. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES- continued. Dallas: Scott, O. H., chairman.. Schofleld, E. L Reynolds, Edward Daviess: Mann, E. D. , chairman. Spivey , George Gromer, G. N Dekalb: Bunton,E. A. , chairman Roberts, J. B Brown, Grant Dent: McGee, L. T., chairman. Dunklin: Dunmire, John H., chairman. Karnes, Jos Whitaker, Robert N... Franklin: WilUams, John T., chairman. Shaper, Jesse H Owen, Jesse M Gasconade: Schermann, John M., chairman. Gentry: Blue, F. E., chairman. McKenney, J. F Morton, George Greene: Cundiff, W. E., chair- man. Adams, Wash Fellows, H. F Grundy: McGuire, B. J., chair- man. Cooper, H. M Wild, P. G Harrison: Frisby, Ezro H., chair- man. Oden,C.E WiUlams, N. B Henry: Godwin, W. M., chair- man. Walter, F.M Hickory: Ross, Hardy, chairman. Robinett, Guy Holt: Gliok, George W. , chair man. Davis, Dr Hodgins, W. S Howard: Givens, Dr. H. K. chairman. Denny, J. H Carpenter, W. W Howell: Gum, Dr. P. D^chairman. Aid, Charles T Mantz, W. W Jackson: Southern, Wm., jr., chairman. Raymond, O. J Ott, Christian Jasper: Daugherty, James A. , chairman. Burns, Ross E , Lang, John E Jerrick, Minnie, stenog- rapher. Douglas, Thos., district engineer. Jefferson: Auerswald, Dr. G. A., chairman. Revis, B. C , Wenom, G. A Johnson- Gulp, Jesse J., chairman, Sankey, S. R , Summers, B. F Knox; Botsford, S. E., chair- man. Magruder, Francis Lycan, V. B Laclede: Stebbins, E. F., chair- man. Vernon, Don O Buffalo., ....do... ....do... Gallatin Jamesport Pattonsburg. . Maysvillo . . . Weatherby.. Clarksdale... Salem Kennett.. Senath Campbell . Sullivan... Washington. . Union Hermann . Albany King City. . Stanberry. . Springfield. .do., .do.. Trenton.. Gait Spickard. Bethany . Gainesville Oilman City . . Clinton. do... Weaubleau. , do Mound City Craig. . . Oregon. Fayette . Glasgow New Franklin. West Plains. . . do do Independence. .do., .do. Cartorville . JopUn Carthage. Joplin .do.. DeSoto. Festus Kimmswick... Warrensburg. . Holden Knobnoster... Edina Hurdland. Edina Lebanon . do.... V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served, From— Nov. 1,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do., ....do.. .do., .do.. ..do.... ....do.. ....do.. do ....do ....do ....do ..do ...do... ...do... do.. do do do.. do do do., do.. ..do.... ..do.... .do.. do... do... do ....do do do do ....do do ....do do .do.. do....... do Sept. 18,1918 Aug. 10,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do do.. do.. do.. ...do.... .do., .do.. To— ..do... ,.do... Mar. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 31,1918 Do. Mar. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 204 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. MISSOURI— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Lafayette: Hopkins, E. N., chair- man. Hoefer, Dan Elliott, Ben Lawrence: Mitchell, R. J., chairman. Potter, James A Brown, James W Lewis: Mattingly, Sam. D., chairman. Owsley, George Lincoln: Bradley, O. D., chair- man. Walker, J. T Linn: Brownlee, Walter, chair- man. Kelley, F. O Ludden,T. M Livingston; Coburn, A. R., chair- man. MaoDonald, A. E Marshall, Elton L McDonald: Tatum, George, chair- man. Nichols, Mark Macon: Hughes, Dan R., chair- man. Richards, J. F Gooding, RoscoeE Madison: Chilton, Jos. F., chair- man. Maries: Hutchison, I,. B., chair- man. Marion: Berryman, Henwood, chairman. Richards, Judge F. G . . . Smith, Thad. R Smith, Harry Pound, W. S., Inspector Martin, Malcolm S Mercer: MulUnax, G. T., chair- man. Limes, L. J . Logan, C. E Miller: Harvey, R. S., chairman. Brittingham, O. G White, E. F Mississippi: Presson, Edward, chair- man. Fletcher, John Russell, G. A Moniteau: Fulks,T. M., chairman.. Heinen, J., jr Renshaw, J. T Monroe: Puller, E. T., chairman.. Hawkins, Mark C McCreery, R. G Montgomery: Sharpe, Samuel, chair- White, J. M Marlon, T. M Morgan: Ross, Judge A. L., chair- man. Vlekery, B. T New Madrid: Official station. Lexington Higginsville. . . Odessa Verona Aurora Marionville.. La Belle... Canton Troy Elsberry... Brookfleld. Edwards, Walter, chair- man. Judge, Harry B., chair- man (successor.). Hoskins.T. L Lee, T. A Newton: Rice, M. T., chairman . . . Alexander, John C Keller,S.H Murdock, Mat Nodaway: Heitaer, J. J., chairman. Stltt, August Morgan, Newton ....do Marcellne. Chillioothe . .do.. ..do.. Anderson Southwest City. Macon Bevier . . . LaPlata.. Fredericktown. Vienna.. Volun- teer or salary. Hannibal. ....do Palmyra . . Hannibal. ....do ....do Princeton . Mercer Millgrove. . Eldon do do Charleston. East Prairie... Bertrand CaUfomia . . Tipton Clarksburg. Paris Monroe City... Holliday Montgomery City. Wellsville New Florence. Versailles Stover New Madrid . . ....do Morehouse PortageviUe Neosho.. ....do... ....do... Seneca. - Maryville Burlington Jot. Pamell. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 1,1917 .do., .do.. ..do ..do ..do ..do., ..do.. .do., .do., -do.. ....do ■gdo ....do .do., -do.. ....do ....do ..-do ....do -...do -.-.do ..-.do do do do Sept. 26, 1918 Aug. 26,1918 Aug. 19,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 .-..do ....do ....do ....do -...do ....do -...do do do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do --.do ...do do -do ..do ..-do ....do do". Dec. 5,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 ....do ....do , do ..do Mar. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 31,1918 Do. Do. Mar. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Oregon: Hitt, R. M., chairman... Maloney, H. W Garstang, J. R., chair- man. Pemiscot: Cunningham, J. A., chairman. Averill, L. C Collins, WiUiam Porry: Zoellner, A. H., chair- man. Killiam, W. J Stuebner, Otto Pettis: Lamy, J. A., chairman.. Clark, J. R Wright, Frank L Feuers, H. C, Inspector. Phelps: Holmes, J. O., chairman. Pike: Motley, R. L., chairman. Word, J. M Wells, J. Henry Platte: Clark, Dr. H.M., chair- man. Tucker, J. P Polk: Pemberton, A. L., chair- man, Official station. Koshkonong . . . Thayer Chamois. Volun- teer or salary. Morgan. Ben F.. Maas, N. W Pulaski: Armstrong, J. W., chair- man. Putnam: McKinley, J. C, chair- man.' Franklin, N.A Morgan, James G Ralls; Lamb, C. F., chairman. Keithley, Edward Neatherland, William. . Randolph: Lilly, M. J., chairman- . Vasse, Judge Percy Hulen, S. P Ray: Bay, George E., chair- man. Marshall, R. K Sisk, W. A Reynolds: Smith, P. B., chairman , Blunk, J. J„ chairman. . Gary, O. Mf. St. Charles: Thomson, R. M., chair- man. Brown, John C Schallenberg, John St. Clair: Nesbit, Dwight, chair- man. St. Francois: Rarideu, W. B., chair- man. Morris, James G Deuner, Joseph Wells, John A Cayce, J. P Jackson, Espey E Smith, Taylor Pratt, C. R Ste. Genevieve: Weiler,Joseph,chairman Caldwell, John Jokerst, Lawrence J St. Louis: Hodgdon, Sam D., chair- man. Pondnim, Joseph Kassebaum, J. Harry . , . Dziatzko, Leo C Saline: Rector, A. I\, chairman. Robertson, Walter Tisdale, F. H Leimbrock, C. H. O Neale, FlaveC Caruthersville. Haytl Caruthersville. . Perryville. ..do., -do.. Sedalia Lamonte. . Smithton. Sedalia Rolla.. Bowling Green, Louisiana ClarksvUle Platte City.. Parkville Bolivar -do. .do. Richland-. Unionvllle. -do. .do. New London. . Center Perry Moberly Himtsville. Clark Richmond . ....do Henrietta. Ellington. . Doniphan. . Naylor St. Charles.. Wentzville. . West Alton. Lowry City. Farmington. Desloge Elvins Bonne Terre.. . Farmington Lead wood Farmington Flat River Ste. Genevieve. St. Marys New Oflenburg. Clayton Florissant Jefferson Bar- racks. Clayton Marshall .--.do Sweet Springs.. Gilliam Blackburn V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— .do .do. To— Nov. 1,1917 Mar. 15,1919 .do.. .do. .do. .do.. .do., .do.. Aug. 26,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do Oct. 22,1918 Nov. 1,1917 .do. .do. .do. .do... -do. . . -do... -do. .do. do. .do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. -do.. -do... -do... .do. -do. -do. -do. -do. .do. -do. .do. .do., .do., -do.. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 31,1918 Mar. 15,1919 Do. Dec. 31,^918 Mar. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. DO. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. PEDEBAL, FUEL ADMINISTEATOES. MISSOURI— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 205 Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To- Prom — To- COtraiY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Schuyler: Koberts, John A., chair- man. Thomas, J. W Lancaster Queen City Downing Memphis do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do ; do do do do do do do do do do do Mar. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Taney: Todd, V. C, chairman. . . MoCausley, D. T Blankenshlp, Prof. J.A.. Texas' Patton, C. P., chairman. Vernon: Ewing, Lee B., chairman Goss W T Branson Forsyth HolUster Cabool V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do....... Mar. 15,1919 Do. Do. Cowell, W.T Do. Scotland: Barnes, R. M., chairman. Leslie, G. E Nevada .do Do. Do. Tlrann .T F .do.. Mitchell Hal do Do. Scott: Bruton, C. F., chairman. Bailey, Ralph E . . . Sikeston do Warren: Delventhal, E. L., chair- man. Washington: Richeson, James M., chairman. Wayne: Stivers, George W., chairman. Brooks, 0. N Warrenton Do. Hutton, Dr. Shell TllTnn Winona Eminence Shelbyville Shelbina Clarence Bloomfield Do. BoUn, C. E., chairman. . Randall, C.L.V Shelby: Moran, WiUiam R ., chair- man. Piedmont Greenville Marshfleld...:. Rogersville Seymour Grant City Sheridan Do. Do. TTow«, TVftTiV P . , . Webster: McMahan, W. T., chair- man. Morris, J. S Combs, H. R Do. Stoddard: Cooper, M. W., chairman ^ Walser, D. F.. Do. Phillips J T ... Do. • Erwin, J. P Essex Worth: Kelso, Edward, chair- man. Hooper, Charles G Bowen, Truman Wright: Candler, W. S., chair- man. T.ilw!^ nhariM Do. Stone: Craig, W. D., chairman. Galena Do. V Do. Doggett, Dr.J.C.R SuUivan: Dodge, T. A., chairman. Ash.R.E Crane 1 V 1 Milan V Green aty V Mountain Grove do Do. Do. McCullough, Gird do Do. MONTANA. The activities of the Federal fuel aclministration for Montana began September 28, 1917, when W. J. Swindlehurt, Montana's commissioner of labor and industry, was appointed administrator. He relinquished the responsibihties of the office the following May. M. H. Gerry, jr., of Helena assumed the duties of adminis- trator on June 18, 1918. In the mterim the admmistration was in charge of William Wagner, executive secretary . Adxainistrator Swindlehurst's first work was the organization of county committees. Representative men of each community were selected for this volunteer work. The committeemen organized themselves and at once began investigating the coal business. It was a complex problem, "for few retail coal dealers had kept their books in such shape that accurate information could be supplied regarding the cost of doing business and the profits realized. After county committees had made their investigations, retail dealers' gross margins were prescribed. In determining margins fair to the dealers and also to the coal-consuming public. Dean A. W. Richter, of the Montana State College at Bozeman, rendered valuable assistance as a volunteer field engineer. PURPOSES MISUNDERSTOOD. The early record of the Montana fuel administration shows that many of those engaged in the coal business misunderstood the purposes of Government fuel control. There apparently was a tendency to look with dis- favor upon Federal intervention. Notwithstanding, the administration went through the winter of 1917-18 without a serious coal shortage. Critical situations were encountered and these were aggravated because the National Fuel Administration had not attained the high degree of efficiency that characterized its work later on. Administrator Swindlehurst built up a State-wide organization which enabled him to cope successfully with the many unforeseen conditions incident to any large new undertaking. His final report submitted to United States Fuel Administrator H. A. Garfield on May 1, 1918, a copy of which is made a part of this history, deals with the problems and situations encountered. It enumerates the administration's accomplishments and points out some of the difficulties ahead. SCOPE OF WORK INCREASES. The spring of 1918 brought with it the realization that the United States Fuel Administration was charged with work that meant much to the Nation's success in the war. Montana is remote, but nevertheless by this time the stern realities of war were keenly felt in thousands of homes where news of those who had gone to the front was anxiously awaited. War necessities broadened the scope of the fuel administration for Montana. Embargoing coal from some of the usual supply sources emphasized the' need for the State to utilize its own fuel resources to the utmost. It became apparent that Montana, in order to do its fuU share in the war, must increase its coal production and decrease its coal consumption. Industries engaged in the production of war essentials had to be assured a fuH coal supply. Mines and smelters, supplying the Nation with lead and copper so necessary for the successful prosecution of the war, had to be provided with coal for steady operation; radroads had to have coal to transport troops and to carry food and war materials to points of utfiization; and the public had to have its usual coal ration. Montana made a record of which aU those connected with the fuel administration and with the coal busi- ness of the State may well feel proud. Not one industry producing war essentials was closed down for want of coal. Railroads were never handicapped by a fuel shortage. Domestic consumers were not forced to shiver. AU this was done notwithstanding that Eastern hard coal was embargoed from the State, and a large part of the tonnage derived from Wyoming and Utah in normal times was diverted to other territory. BINS WERE FILLED. The coal year 1917-18 had not yet ended when the Montana administration launched an aggressive cam- paign to get consumers to fill their bins for the next winter, so that the State might be made to do its fuU share in winning the war. The storage campaign was continued throughout the summer and into the f aU, with the result that for the first time in the history of the coal-mining industry of Montana the mines enjoyed steady operation during the summer months. This was a decisive step in making Montana self -supplying in the line of fuel. 206 FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 207 Montana is a large State, in area the third largest in the Union. Distributing coal to a scattered popula- tion iavolves a transportation problem. During the war the Nation's coal problem was regarded largely a problem of transportation. It was up to the fuel administration to get coal into the bins of consumers, par- ticularly in the more isolated localities. There was danger that transportation facilities might not be adequate to do this after the crop movement began. The Montana administration was so successful in filling consumers' bins that in several locahties where coal had never been stored before all bins -jvere filled before September 1. The coal-storage capacity of Montana is almost wholly in the bins of individual consumers. Ketail dealers have little shed capacity. It accordingly was the aim of the State administration to bring to the individual consumer the realization that it was his patriotic duty to fiU his bin. Newspapers rendered valuable service in this work. Women's clubs responded to a caU for help. Commercial organizations and municipal and county authorities were appealed to for assistance. In the meantime, county volunteer committeemen were ever on the alert to do that which would contribute to the successful carrying out of the Nation's war program. Montana's storage campaign was a success. Some mine operators took advantage of the situation. They shipped poorly prepared coal and forced their output through selling agencies that exacted 15 cents a ton over and above the apphcable Government mine price. Notwithstanding, the coal-consuming pubhc of Montana responded whole-heartedly to the call to fill the bins during warm weather, so that the output of. the State's mines might be increased and transportation equipment be utilized to capacity while it was available. SITUATION STABILIZED. The signing of the armistice foimd Montana prepared for any and aU fuel emergencies. More coal was in storage than ever before. Mines had in many cases increased their output. Retail dealers' gross margins had been adjusted in every community. The administration was so organized that distribution was entirely under control. Montana's coal business was on a strictly war basis. AU those connected with the production, dis- tribution, and sale of coal fully understood the purposes of Government control. Many of those who at the inception of the fuel administration looked upon the undertaking with disfavor were its staunch supporters. Rules and regulations were enforced without fear or favor. Discrimination was not countenanced. Com- plaints were promptly investigated and violations vigorously dealt with. The administration was prepared for service to the utmost. No matter if the war had continued, Montana had so adjusted and organized itself that the State was prepared to supply its fuel needs and to ship beyond its borders during a part of the year, at least. PRODUCING MINES. Montana's coal resources are extensive. The war's increased fuel demands and the prevailing higher prices brought about a substantial growth in production. Mine operators, responding to the demand for a maximum output, installed new equipment and enlarged their operations. Labor shortage and the difiiculty to secure new equipment hampered the industry to some extent, but in the face of adverse conditions much was accom- phshed. The mines of Montana can produce an average daily tonnage of about 16,885. tons. In addition to the larger mines there are hundreds of hgnite pits and banks. A large portion of eastern Montana is underlaid with hgnite. This grade of coal is inferior to the bituminous and subbituminous mined at Belt, Sandcoulee, Roundup, Bearcreek, and at a few other places in the State; but it is coal, and it played a prominent part in supplying the State's fuel needs during the war. SmaU mines or pits were opened wherever lignite was available. The interests of the consumers were safeguarded by the estaljlishment of prices fair to the miners and also to the consumers. County committeemen were charged with direct supervision of prices charged for the output of the lignite mines. Few complaints were received at the State office; this fact indi- cates clearly a spirit of fairness on the part of those engaged in mining and marketing this grade of coal. The war stimulated the use of lignite. It is an economical fuel and wiU likely be used extensively hereafter. VIOLATIONS. An unusual amount of work was added to the routine of the administration because of apparent violations of the regulations governing the jobbing business. Investigations were conducted at the request of the legal division of the United States Fuel Administration. Judge E. C. Day, now United States attorney for Montana, was named director of enforcement for this State, and hearings were held to inquire into alleged irregularities on the part of several coal companies. Findings and recommendations by the director of enforcement provided that fines be imposed upon the selling agencies and the mines, and, if these were not paid, the matter should be referred to the Department of Justice for Montana. . When Judge Day accepted the appointment as United States attorney for Montana he was succeeded as director of enforcement for the fuel administration for Montana by T. A. Mapes, a well-known Helena attorney. 208 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. In addition to the cases referred to which, at the close of the Montana administration, are pending before the legal division of the United States Fuel Administration, the Montana administration collected over $8,000 from other concerns, the a'mount going to the American Red Cross. Operators also refunded thousands of dollars which had been collected over and above the Government applicable mine prices. No other feature of fuel control caused so much misunderstanding and ill-feeling among those engaged in the coal business and with the coal consuming public as the failure to eradicate promptly the profiteering which compelled consumers to pay a tribute of 15 cents a ton on coal to men who rendered no service at all, or no service that should have been compensated by producers. SHORTAGE IN WEIGHTS. State fuel administrators were never given powers to secure full weights for retail dealers and for whole- sale coal purchasers. Hundreds of complaints regarding shortage in weights at destination reached the State office. With no means for compelling adjustments, the State administration could give moral support only to the attempts to get producers and carriers to make adjustments. Retail coal dealers were forced to do business on a small margin; consequently whenever there was a sub- stantial shortage in weight, complaint regarding the insufficiency of margins followed. Short weights were a disturbing element in fuel control from the beginning of the State administration and continued so until the very end. The administration secured relief in isolated cases, but it must be admitted 'that, as a whole, little was accomplished to overcome this injustice. Dealers and wholesale consiuners were subjected to this loss before the inauguration of the fuel administration. The loss was then passed on to the consumer in the shape of higher prices. RELEASING RAILROAD EQUIPMENT. Next in importance to supplying coal for industries essential to the war program and preventing fuel short- age among domestic consumers came the releasing of railroad equipment. In this the Montana fuel admin- istration gave the Railroad Administration a full measure of support. Everything possible was done to get the maximum amount of use out of all transportation equipment. Shippers were not allowed to consign coal unless bona fide orders had been received. Consignee? were compelled to unload coal promptly upon arrival at destination; the penalty in case of failure was shutting off the offending party's coal supply. One of the hardest factors to overcome in connection with securing the release of railroad equipment was the practice on the part of certain producers, whenever the market was dull, of sending out cars to various destinations without having final consignees. The coal was shipped to a sales agent, purchasing agent, broker, a retaU dealer, or large consumer from whom no order had been received. For the purpose of overcoming discrimination practiced by some shippers and to prevent the abuse of railroad equipment, the administration, in the fall of 1918, inaugurated a system whereby all registered retail coal dealers and wholesale coal consumers filed with the State fuel administration copies of all their coal orders. Checking these orders against the daily manifests prepared by district representatives supplied a fairly accurate status of every order placed with shippers. If an order was not filled within a reasonable time or in its proper turn, the administration directed the mine or the licensee with whom the order was placed to make immediate shipment. The system worked wonders in eliminating discrimination in the matter of making ship- ments. It was effective in securing for dealers and wholesale consumers a square deal in having their orders fiUed. It put an end to the practice of accepting orders from certain dealers and large buyers with no inten- tion of filling them, unless shippers should have a surplus after filling the orders of those whom they favored. In this connection it may be added that records in the office of the State fuel administration showed conclu- sively that orders placed with favored licensees, who exacted a purchasing agent's commission of 15 cents a ton, were frequently given preference. This practice was so common that the administration had to make a number of peremptory orders that shipments be made to those who had ordered direct from producers instead of employing some jobber to order the coal for them. Aside from putting a check on the discrimiiiation in making shipments, the system installed by the administration resulted in fixing responsibility for delaying the release of railroad equipment. COAL PRICE SCHEDULES. The State fuel administratipn required every retail coal dealer to post conspicuously at his place of busi- ness a schedule showing the cost of coal at the mine, the freight and war tax per ton, the retail dealer's gross margin, and the selling price. The schedules did much toward showing the coal-consuming public just where the increases in prices occurred. Some dealers were reluctant to comply with this order, but as a general thing there was a ready response. FEDEEAL FXJEL ADMINISTRATORS. 209 MONTHLY REPORTS. Reports received each month from all retail coal dealers and whol^ale coal consumers supplied informa- tion relative to coal consumption, prices at the mines, freight charges, and dealers' margins. Checking these reports made possible the enforcement of price regulations. Monthly reports were discontinued on December 31, 1918, it being deemed unnecessary to exact such reports for January, the last month of price regulation. A careful survey of the fuel situation made during February showed that dealers were adhering to the prices exacted under Government control. In some instances the mines, particularly those in north Wyoming, had made a reduction of about 40 cents a ton on domestic coal, but only a few retail dealers had responded to this reduction when the last survey was made. Mines in Montana which had been forcing their output through selling agencies that exacted 15 cents a ton purchasing agent's commission began paying the selling cost as soon as Government restrictions were lifted. There was no increase in prices at the mines. UTILIZING SLACK. Among the lasting benefits derived from Federal fuel control will be the continued use of slack or screen- ings by Montana industries. In prewar times the coal mines of this State sent most of their slack to the dumps. Curtailment of the use of prepared sizes for industrial purposes brought about the installation of equipment that permitted the use of fuel formerly wasted. Manufacturing in Montana is in its infancy. Mines and smelters used the finer grades of coal to some ex- tent before the advent of the fuel administration, but other industries, such as laundries, foundries, green- houses, clay-manufacturing plants, as well as hotels, public buildings, educational institutions, and other large coal consumers, adhered to the use of prepared sizes or mine run. The need of fuel conservation was impressed upon such consumers, with the result that the amount of slack to be wasted in future years will be greatly re- duced. An increase in the number of industrial plants in Montana will result in a corresponding decrease in the waste of slack coal. The ultimate result shoidd be a better preparation of all domestic coals. TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM. Before Government control of railroads was inaugurated, and for some months thereafter, the administra- tion experienced difi&culty in supplying cars to mines in the Bear Creek field. The Great Northern Railway Co. equipment was not allowed to move to Northern Pacific territory, and vice versa. After months of effort this situation was adjusted, at least in part. There were times, even as late as December, 1918, when it was asserted by the fuel administration representative for district No. 19 that the carrier companies refused a free interchange of equipment. Investigation by the State fuel administration caused railroad officials to make vigorous denial of the charges made by the district representative. The latter failed to respond to a request for information regarding definite cases wherein the carriers refused to permit the free exchange of equipment. Further investigation of this matter was interrupted when the office of the district representative was closed on February 1, 1919. HIGH WAGES AND LABOR TROUBLES. Labor troubles in the coal industry were practically unknown in Montana during the period of hostilities. The mines were allowed a higher price for their output than they received in prewar times. Miners drew the highest wages ever paid in the history of the industry in this State, and, owing to the active storage campaign made by the State fuel administration, the miners worked more steadily than in normal times. Taken as a whole, the coal business of Montana enjoyed an era of prosperity under Government control. Retailers, prob- ably, were compelled to do business on a smaller margin than any one else connected with the industry. Early in the spring of 1918 there was a little complaint because of idleness at the mines, due to a lack of orders. This condition soon changed. Mines of Montana, particularly those of the Bear Creek field, became swamped with orders, and this condition continued for some time after the signing of the armistice. DIVERSITY OF ACTIVITIES. Owing to the fact that Montana is a coal-producing as well as a large coal-consuming State, the State fuel administration's activities were diversified and extended over a wide range. In addition to assuming supervision of coal, the administration looked after fuel-oil work and conducted a campaign to get timbered areas to substitute wood for coal. The work of fuel control was expanding in every direction when the end of the war came. Producers, when the demand for their output was lax, appealed to the administration to help find a market; retail dealers and wholesale consumers, when the mines did not fill their orders within a reasonable time, or when they shipped an inferior product, sought the aid of the administration, and consumers brought their troubles to the fuel administration, either by appealing to the county committeemen or the State office. Under such conditions the work of the administration grew with leaps and bounds. 122602—20 14 210 , REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. NEWSPAPERS. For the purpose of informing ttie public regarding national fuel-control policies the Montana administra- tion relied largely upon the newspapers of the State. The press was liberal in giving space to publicity matter. Important messages m connection with the Government's desires regarding the coal administration were carried to practically every home in the State by the newspapers. It is only fair to say that without the whole- hearted support of the press the administration could not have attained so high a degree of success, COUNTY WORKERS. Much of the burden of admmistering fuel affairs fell upon the county volunteer workers. Committee men were the first to get the kicks incident to the organization of the administration. Notwithstanding the disagreeable features connected with the work, the county volimteers remained faithful to the last. War work lost much of its interest with the signing of the armistice, but the volunteer workers of Montana responded as a unit to the appeal that they remain on the job until released by the United States Fuel Administrator, or by the President's peace proclamation. During the life of the administration, vacancies occurred on a number of county committees, but the record shows that few committeemen left the administration because of the amount of work involved, or because of a desire to avoid the performance of duties that might prove slightly unpleasant. There were times when the work of the county volunteers was burdensome and when complaints were numerous, but it is gratifying to say that, with few exceptions, the organization remained intact. ADMINISTRATOR SWINDLEHURST'S REPORT. " Having concluded my work as Federal fuel administrator for Montana, I have the honor of submitting to you (United States Fuel Administrator, H. A. Garfield) herewith my report of service rendered: The duties of the ofhce were assumed by me September 28, 1917. During the seven months of incumbency I have adhered to the regulations prescribed by the United States Fuel Administration, but I have never hesitated to take such action as circumstances and conditions demanded. ANTAGONISTIC TO GOVERNMENT. Immediately upon the organization of the Federal fuel administration for Montana, a few mine operators and retail coal dealers assumed an antagonistic attitude, evidently resenting Government control of fuel as an invasion of their personal rights. This feeling has largely disappeared, but developments show that there are still those within whom the spirit of rebellion has not been squelched. BIG CONCERNS COMPLAIN. It is an accepted principle that a large volume of business can be done on a smaller margin than a small volume. Contrary to this established and accepted business priaciple, the large retail coal merchants of Montana are the ones to complain most bitterly about the insufficiency of the retailers' gross margins. The big dealers have petitioned for substantial increases in margins, iwhile the smaller dealers have shown a disposition to be satisfied and have, therefore, kept dowm coal prices. DEPEND ON COMMITTEES. It has been the policy of the State administration to depend largely upon county committeemen in estab- lishing retailers' gross margins. These committees are comprised of representative men of each community and therefore can be relied upon to see that no injustice is done to either dealers or consumers. PUBLIC SATISFIED. Reports received from county chairmen, in every instance, show the public to be satisfied with the work of the State fuel administration. During the past winter all parts of Montana were adequately supplied with coal at reasonable prices. RAILROADS COOPERATE. Montana is a large State. This means that the State fuel administration must regulate a large territory much of which is sparsely populated. It is gratifying to note that the railroads have cooperated with the fuel administration to the fullest extent. Montana being a producing State, as well as a large consumer, presents a double problem for the fuel administration. This applies particularly to transportation. While Montana has large coal deposits the mines have not been developed to the point where they can supply the State's demands when consumption is at its height. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. INSPECTORS NEEDED. 211 The promise of inspectors at the mines to supervise preparation should eliminate the "dirty coal" problem and should make it possible for my successor to abolish the costly practice of "forking" domestic coal. EIJMINATING .JOBBERS. Elimination of mushroom jobbing concerns will save Montana coal consumers large sums. Publication No. 22, if strictly enforced, will clean Montana of the jobbing concerns against which I have protested in no uncertain terms. USING MORE LIGNITE. Portions of eastern Montana are underlaid with lignite. The fuel administration has encouraged the use of this fuel and many localities are now using nothing else. The use of local lignite releases railroad equipment and tends toward making Montana self-supporting in the matter of fuel. STORAGE CAMPAIGN. Montana consumers have for the past month been urged to store coal. Newspapers have given valuable assistance by running the reading matter prepared by the publicity department of the State administration. The campaign is well under way. COUNTY COMMITTEES ACTIVE. County committeemen have all worked without pay. In many cases they have spent their own funds to carry on the work of the fuel administration. Their splendid cooperation has made it possible to achieve success. TOO MANY COAL DEALERS. One of the chief troubles encountered in fixing gross margins for retail coal dealers is apparent inefl&ciency. There are also too many in the business. Overcrowded conditions and inefficiency in business methods naturally work hardships on some when prices are regulated. It is, however, impossible to reconcile the demands of big dealers, with efficient equipment, with the established business rule mentioned in the first part of this report. CHECKING WEIGHTS. Many of the cities of the State have made arrangements to have all coal weighed over municipal scales. Where this has been done practically no complaints of "shorting" have been received. KEPT DOWN EXPENSES. It has been my policy to keep down the expenses of the State fuel administration. Office rooms in the statehouse, occupied by me as commissioner of labor and industry, have been used, the State furnishing rent, telephone, and light, and all office furniture and fixtures. The duties of the office were assumed by me October 1, 1917. The office was conducted with one stenographer until December, when a second stenographer was added. Later an executive secretary was employed." W. J. SWINDLEHUTIST, Federal Fuel Administrator for Montana. Helena, Mont., May 1, 1918. ACTIVITIES OF THE CONSERVATION BUREAU. 1. No conservation director was appointed, the duties being assumed by the State fuel administrator. Special inspectors were not deemed necessary. This State has always had available an adequate supply of steam coal. In former years the bulk of the slack produced by Montana mines has gone to the dumps. Lim- iting the consumption of screenings or slack would therefore have reduced the available tonnage of prepared sizes. Industrial consumers were accordingly urged to use screenings in place of prepared sizes. The argu- ment was advanced that screenings would be available for a full fuel supply, whUe the supply of domestic sizes for industrial purposes would be curtailed. 2. Saving on domestic coal was brought about by urging the use of wood and by heating only rooms that were actually needed. Timbered counties were urged to use wood whenever it coidd be successfully substituted for coal. 3. In many parts of Montana there are extensive lignite deposits. Transportation facilities were released and domestic coal from shipping mines was conserved by urging the extensive use of the lignite produced by small wagon mines. Several communities in Montana which received coal via railroads in former years have not burned any coal except the locally mined lignites. 212 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. 4. Montana is not a manufacturing State. Hydroelectric power is used extensively in the operation of mines and smelters and by public utilities. During the life of the fuel administration the use of hydroelectric power has been extended, with the result that coal consumption has been correspondingly decreased. 5. Most of the work in connection with conservation of coal is done through the liberal use of space in newspapers and by mailing circular letters to county committeemen, to retail coal dealers, and to all large consumers. Figures on the saving eflFected are not available, but the total, perhaps, will not fall short of a half mUlion tons. 6. Perhaps the most valuable result of the conservation campaign will be its lasting effects. Industrial plants have installed equipment to burn screenings heretofore wasted. The result is a substantial saving for themselves and a market for the producers of this grade of coal. Domestic consumers have learned fuel economy. They have been taught to burn coal in a way to get the greatest degree of efficiency. Very respectfuUy, youi., ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^^ Federal Fuel Administrator for Montana. Helena, Mont., December SI, 1918. MONTANA. Name. Title, Official station. Swindlehurst, W. J State luel administrator State Capitol, Helena Gerry, Martin H., Jr do Empson Building, Helena. STATE ADVI30KT BOARD. Sanderson, John. Gerry, M. H., jr.. Brophy, P. J Selvidge, W. A... STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. CuUom, Henry C Wagner, Wm Gerry, M. H., jr Day, E. C. (resigned) Mapes, T. A. (successor). Breitenstein, A.J Bryson, Sadie Davidson, Emily Dawson, John N Heald, Ethel McClatchey, Louise B — McLaughlin. Lorene Richter, A. W Koth, Esther Stillman, Ruth Swindlehurst, Clara. Executive secretary. ■. ....do Director of conservation Director of enforcement do Director of hotel conservation. Clerk do Expert accountant Stenographer Clerk and stenographer Clerk and private secretary . . . Consulting fuel engineer Stenographer - do Clerk Helena.. do.. Butte... Billings . Helena do Empson Building, Helena do do Rainbow Hotel, Great Falls — Helena do do do do do University of Montana, Boze- man. Helena do State Capitol Home address. Helena. ....do.. Volun- teer or salary. Helena.. ....do.. Butte... Billings . Helena 19 Alta Street, Helena Helena ....do do Great Falls Helena Helena Apartments, Helena Helena do 416 North Rodney Street, Helena . 312 Harrison Avenue, Helena Bozeman 400 Clark Street, Helena- Helena do V V v V V V V S s V s s Served. From— Sept. 28, 1917 June 18,1918 Oct. 1, ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Dec. Feb. Sept. Sept. Dec. Sept. Aug. Sept. Jan. Sept. July Oct. Oct. 18. 1917 1, 1918 28. 1918 19, 1918 14, 1918 18, 1918 1, 1918 26, 1918 26, 1918 16, 1918 1, 1918 11, 1917 31, 1917 Dec. 3, 1917 Sept. 1,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 June 18,1918 Apr. 6, 1919' Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Jan. 31,1918 Mar. 31,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Nov. 20,1918 Jan. Aug. Feb. Feb. Oct. Apr. Feb. Jan. 15, 1919 31. 1918 21. 1919 22, 1918 31. 1918 5, 1919 1, 1919 15. 1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Sept. 30,1918 Apr. 30,1918 FUEL COMMITTEES. Xamc. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES. Beaverhead: Hazelbaker, F. A. .chair- man. Monroe, J. E Poindexter, F. M Big Horn: Mitchell,A.L., chairman. Bowman, A. H Gay.T. E Blaine: Kenyon,D.C. , chairman. Bottomly, Victor Bogy, V Broadwater: Holloway, H. H., chair man. Smith, Dr. Chas. W. acting chairman. Averill, Mrs. T. N Carbon: Draper, Chas. . chairman. Carmony, F. A , Bowlen,C.C , Rankin, S. W Carter: Emswiler, S. J., chair- man. Dworshak, F. M., chair- man. Official station. Ekalaka . do... Volun- teer or salary. Townsend . . do do Red Lodge.. Joliet Red Lodge. . Bridger.. . ., V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. Oct. 15,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do .-..do ....do do . . .^ . . . ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Feb. 2S, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Xamc . COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Carter— Continued. Buck, John Holt, S. A Cascade: Peters, J. C, chairman Woodworth, Frank G. Nelson, Lawrence Chouteau: Sullivan, J. J. , chairman . Jones, Granville Lenning, J. W Custer: Huffman, L. A Savage, Fred R Michaels, R. H Smith, Henry C Dawson: Hagan, T. F., acting chairman. Watson, R.H Herrick, E. S , Deerlodge; Fulmor, M. A., chair- man. Moore, E. E Sparrows, Geo. W Laird, H. A Stanton, Jas Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Rema Ekalaka . Great Falls. ....do ....do Fort Benton. ....do ....do Miles City . . do do do Glendive. .do. .do. Anaconda . do.... do.... do.... do.... V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct 15,1917 do.. .do., .do., .do.. .do., .do., .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do.. .do.. ..do.. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOBS. MONTANA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 213 Name. Oflicial station. Volun- teer or Isalary. Plevna.. Baker.. do. Le\\'isto\vn do do do KalispeJl. do. . . ....do... .do. .do. Havre. .do. Helena. do.. COUNTY TVSL C0MMITTEE3- continued. Fallon: Anderson. 0. E., chair- man. Monroe, E. A Comstock, J. M Fergus: Small, S. J., chairman... Stack, B.E Bright, Walter Jenkins, Horatio . . . Flathead: Conlon. James, chairman Houtj, George M... Pomeroy, C. W Gallatin: Uichter, A. "W.. chairman Waite, P. C, secretary. . Cochran, J. R Collett. Jno. (deceased) . . Granite: McDonald, J. J., chair- man. Page, John R Orr, John J Hill: Meyer, H. E. J., chair- man. ' Wheeler, W.H I do.. Watters, Wm.F Chester . Jefferson: 1 Ten Eyck, M. P., chair- ] Boulder man. Eiedel.J.A do Hanchild, Geo Lewis and Clark: Gerry, M. H., jr., chair- man. Lindsay, F. S . P., chair- man. Wliritenour, M Dntton.C.E Wood.T. P Copermaver, Br. Wm. - Ferguson, J. A PhauTner, A. J Lincoln: Lewis, John R., chair- man. Holt.E.B WMting, W.D Madison: Wilcomb, A. J., chair- man. Rossiter,R. W Smith, Fred Meagher: Harmon, Geo. T., chair- man. Twohey, P.J Sherman, C.H Mineral: Adams, W. T,, chair- man. Johnston, A. P Missoula: Keith, Frank P., chair- man. Chaney.H. E Roberts, Frank A Musselshell: Renshaw, C. A., chair- man. Morris, A. A., chairman. Nix, W.J Brooks, W. G Park: Kiehl, J. E., chairman.. Lovelace, John A Lyall, Arthur Phillips: Bader, Isaac A., chair- man. Hall, Geo. W., acting chairman. Bergen, L. L Bozeman — do do do PluUpsburg I ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. Libby . do. Troy... Twin Bridges.. Sheridan. Pony White Sulphur Springs. do ....do Alberton. Superior. Missoula . .do. .do. Roundup I V .do. .do- .do. Livingston. ....do ....do Malta. Dodson . Saco Served. From— Oct. 13,1917 .do. .do. do do do do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. V V do do V do V V do do V Oct. 23,1917 V V V V V V V Oct. 15,1917 do do do do do V do V V do do V do V V do...l... do V do V V do do V do V do V do V V do do V do V V V Oct. 15,1917 do V V V do do do V V do V Oct. 1.5,1917 Feb. 2S,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. .Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Powell: Larabie, R. D., chair- man. Williams, Senator 0. H., Smith, Jos., 2d rrairie: Wright, Alfred, chair- man. Garst, Dr. V. P Lc Seur, Dey Ravalli: Stewart, H: A James, E . C^ chairman . . Spatilding, H. H Smart, H.D Richland: .'^dams, W. K., chair- man. White, Arthur Bird, John Rosebud: Muri, D . J., chairman . . . Sisson, E. C., secretary. . Lyndes, J.'C Sanders: Atnsworth, A . S. , chair- man. Abemethy, H. A Larse, G. W Austin, F. L Oflicial station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. Deer Lodge . ....do ....do Terry . ..do. ..do. Hamilton do do Stevensville. . Sidney i Fairview. Forsyth.. Jiysham.. Thompson Falls. do Plains Thompson Falls. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Poplar V Scobey I V Butte . Sheridan: Redmond, J. F., chair- \ Plentyvjood. . man. Moors, S.C Beimett, Sid Silver Bow: Von Dackenhausen, A., chairman. Stack^ G. G., acting chairman. Lorenz, W. T., acting chairman. Stillwater: Berg, B . E ., chairman . . , Campbell, J. S Corwln, J. W Sweet Grass: Colt, H.jChairman . Lee, T. H. Knowles, A., secretary.. Teton: Ritchey, J. E^ chairman Worden, M. H Stromstad, A Toole: Parker, Douglas, chair- man. Wilhams, Fred, chair- man. Byrne, Ed Mars, John Valley: Christinson, O. M., chair- man. Jones, L. E., secretary. . Rugg, Samuel Wheatland: McQuitty, I. S., chair- man. Argensinger, E. H McFarland, Gilbert Wibaux: Roen, A. W., chairman. . Hanson, Geo. T Fischer, Paul A Yellowstone: Shoemaker, J. A., chair- man. Maclntyre, A. J., chair- man. Butte (Hamil- V ton Block). , Butte j V Columbus I V Reedpoint V ParkCity [ V Bigtimber. . do do Conrad Cut Bank. Conrad Shelby do Grand view. Glasgow . .do. .do. Harlowton. Judith Gap . Twodot Wibaux, . ....do... ...do.. Platz, Albert E . Arnold, John B . Billings Billings (214 Electric Building). do Billings V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V y V V From — Oct. 1,5,1917 .do. .do. To- .do. .da., .do.. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... do do do do Oct. 15,1917 do do do do do do do do do Oct. 15,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Oct. 15,1917 ....do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. NEBRASKA. On October 16, 1917, you tendered to me by wire the office of Federal fuel administrator for Nebraska, and I accepted the appomtment the same day. My formal certificate of appointment is dated October 17. At your request, I attended a conference of State fuel administrators, held in Washmgton October 26, at which the work of the fuel administration was outlined. I have served continuously, and now have the honor to submit my final report. STATE ORGANIZATION. In Nebraska there are six congressional districts and 93 counties. Advisory committee.— The advisory committee was made up of one member from each congressional district, as follows: First district, J. E. Miller (mayor), Lincoln. Second district, G. W. Holdrege (railway manager) , Omaha. Third district, M. D. Tyler (lawyer), Norfolk. Fourth district, Frank W. Sloan (banker), Geneva. Fifth district, W. H. Lanning (investments), Hastings. Sixth district, K. R. Dickson (judge), O'Neill. Shortly after his appointment Mr. Lanning resigned on account of ill health, and no successor was appointed to represent the fifth district. County committee. — The county was taken as the most satisfactory unit for organization purposes. I appointed the chairman in each county, and he made up his own committee. Selections were made without reference to party politics. In a few sparsely settled western counties the chairman made no appointments and took charge of the work personally. In other counties committees were larger or sn^aller according to population and community requirements, the object being to have a member of the committee in each city or town. They averaged about seven or eight to a county, aggregating in all about 700. The complete list is on file with the bureau of .State organizations; Ojfice organization. — On November 5, 1917, I appointed Fred P. Loomis, of Oiiiaha, assistant fuel adminis- trator, as a volunteer, without compensation, and he rendered excellent service in the distribution of coal during the winter of 1917-18. On November 7, 1917, 1 appointed Mi-s. Mabelle Johnston executive secretary, which position she held until and including December 8, 1917. On December 17, 1917, 1 appointed Arthur L. Palmer, of Omaha, executive secretary. He continued up to and including August 31, 1918, when he left to enlist in the Navy. Mr. Palmer is a young lawyer of unusual ability, and throughout his period of employment he rendered very efficient service. Since August 31, 1918, 1 have had no executive secretary. On December 18, 1917, 1 appointed Mrs. Bess Farnham, of Omaha, as a stenographer. She is stUl vnth the administration, and will continue up to and includiug February 28. Mrs. Farnham is peculiarly fitted for administration work. She is quick, clear, capable, with initiative and executive ability. On August 21, 1918, I appointed Miss Pauline Lieberman, of Omaha, as a stenographer. She served until December 31, 1918. On October 15, 1918, I appointed Myron L. Learned, of Omaha, director of enforcement for Nebraska, to serve as a volunteer without compensation. On October 15, 1918, I appointed Henry F. Wyman, of Omaha, director of conservation for Nebraska, to serve as a volunteer without compensation. On October 18, 1918, 1 appointed E. W. Johnston, of Lincoln, director of fuel conservation in the hotels of Nebraska, to serve as a volunteer without compensation, under the direction of Henry F. Wyman, director of conservation. Without formal appointment or compensation, my private secretary, Miss Louise M. Gwin, has rendered faithful and long continued service to the administration. During the winter of 1917-18 she gave the greater part of her time to fuel administration business; and during that period she was constantly at work until 11 o'clock at night and on holidays and Sundays. 214 FEDEKAJL, I'UEL ADMINISTEATOKS. 215 All of the foregoing services relate directly to the State administratioji. Mrs. Evelyn Gillis was employed informally in the ofRcc of the Douglas County fuel committee. On March 1 , 1918, she was formalh' appointed stenographer. She remained with the committee during March. ADMINISTRATION OFFICES. No rent has been paid in Nebraska for administration offices. During the winter of 1917-18 the Brandeis Investment Co. donated office space in the Brandeis Theater Building, Omaha, for the use of the Douglas County fuel committee. Fro.n October 16, 1917, to October 16, 191S, the Saunders-Kennedy Building Co. donated office space in the Saunders-Kennedy Building, Ofuaha, for general administration offices. From October 16, 191S, to February 1, 1919, offices w(ue leased from the Brandeis Investment Co. for admin- istration purposes at $70 per month, the tent bemg paid by John L. Kermedy, personally. The change to these offices was made necessaiy by the broadening of fuel administration activities along conservation lines. Since February 1 office space is donated by the Saunders-Kennedy Building Co. FUEL SUPPLY. At no time during the fuel administration has Nebraska seriously suffered for lack of fuel. During the winter of 1917-18 sufficient coal could have been obtained from usual sources of supply to meet all requirements. The transportation facOities, however, were inadec[uate. Coal cars, loaded and empty, were congested at diver- sion pomts and terminals, and the free movement of available coal was thereby delayed. The railroads also lacked engines and equipment. "VMien producing and consunaing districts were created and the zone system established the Nebraska situation was materially changed. Pennsylvania anthracite was excluded from the State. To deprive s nail householders and consumers of stove and chestnut sizes, suitable for base-buiners, was a real hardship. Nebraska also lost nearly a million tons of the best bituminous coal, and was obliged to look to Wyoming and Colorado and the South for substitutes. The Western coal was n^ostly lignite, inferior in quality and heat-producing capacity, and subject to considerable degradation.- A sufficient supply of bituminous coal could not be had from Routt County, Colo., because of the bankrupt condition of the Denver & Salt Lake Rail- way. Fro n the broad transportation standpoint, the zone plan seemed to be perfect, but in operation it bene- fitted the East and burdened the West with kinds of coal to which consumers were not accustomed. In April, 1918, looking to an increased supply of Rock Springs coal, the fuel administration used its influence to induce the Railroad Administration to construct an extension of the Winton branch of the Union Pacific Railway to a new coal field being developed by George W. Harris, of Denver, and his associates. The extension — a mile and a half or more — was built, the mine opened, and coal of good equality has been shipped therefrom since last November, Colorado anthracite has been coming into Nebraska in limited quantities from the Crested Butte district. The further development of the anthracite coal fields of Colorado should be encouraged. During the fuel administration the consmners of Nebraska have been quite well supplied with fuel; but they have not been satisfied with the kind and quality of the coal available. The retail coal dealers are now overstocked with western coal, which will deteriorate and disintegrate to a considerable extent before they will be able to dispose of it. DISTRIBUTION. Nebraska is a mineless State. Our problems related largely to distribution. This was particularly true during the winter of 1917-18, when the transportation system was found to be unequal to the emergency. The railroads lacked engines and cars, and cars in transit were frequently delayed unduly because of congestion at transfers and terminals. Every effort was made in Nebraska to relieve the situation and release the cars, but considerable disorder and confusion prevailed for several months after my appointment. Coal cars were not placed promptly for unloading, and were frequently "bunched," so that coal dealers were unable to unload them as they arrived. There were no through joint rates into Nebraska from Colorado and Wyoming, and cars could not be diverted to any extent from one railway to another. In the southwestern part of the State, reached only by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway, much difficulty was experienced in preventing actual suffering during the winter of 1917-18. In some instances that railway furnished and transported coal in the night to particular communities, to meet emergencies. These conditions induced me to insist upon through joint rates from all Wyoming and Colorado mines to all points in Nebraska, so that coal cars might move freely from one line to another at the most convenient junction, or diversion point. Such rates were eventually put into effect, to the great advantage and relief of consumers throughout the State. 216 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. The coal distribution system of Nebraska was built upon the work of .the wholesale dealers of the State, and the retail coal dealers relied largely upon the wholesalers for their supply. It was the custom of the wholesale dealers to place orders with the mines in advance, and to dispose of and divert the coal in transit to meet actual conditions. The distances from the mines to ultimate destination points were great, the transportation was slow, and the demand and supply were affected daily by acute weather conditions. The coal in the hands of the wholesale dealers constituted the reserve supply of the State. The wholesale dealers, therefore, depended upon the privilege of diverting and reconsigning coal in transit, to supply their customers. When the order of August 30, 1918, was made prohibiting mine owners and operators from accepting orders for coal, without the name of the ultimate consignee and final destination being given, the result was immediately apparent in Nebraska. It was revolutionary, so far as our State was concerned. I therefore requested the revocation of the order as to Nebraska shipments. The matter was finally adjusted in Chicago, October 7, 1918, by and between representatives of the Washington, D. C, office and myself. Under the terms of the agreement then reached, the wholesalers and jobbers retained the privilege of reconsigning in transit, but were required to report weekly, in triphcate, all reconsignments and diversions made within the State — one copy to the district repre- sentative in whose district the shipment originated, one to the State fuel administrator, and one to C. E. Lesher, director of the bureau of statistics. The arrangement was satisfactory. During the summer of 1918, car congestion and delays in unloading were almost wholly eliminated, and since then the transportation of coal in Nebraska has been very much simplified and improved. During the administration period, much of the coal coming into Nebraska was imperfectly cleaned and badly prepared. The greatest evil now existing in the distribution of coal is the shortage in weights. These shortages, other than normal shrinkage, should not be absorbed by the coal dealers and consumers of the country. In my order of June 25, 1918, relating to margins, I authorized the retail coal dealers to have the coal weighed on the track scales nearest to destination, so that they might be furnished with competent evidence of the actual amount of coal received. They were permitted to add the expense of reweighing to the cost of the coal to them. PRICES AND MARGINS. Soon after my appointment it became evident that great difficulty would be experienced in reaching correct margins under Publication No. 7, because of the imperfect bookkeeping methods of the retail coal dealers, and the lack of accurate records for 1915. My intention in the first instance was to establish prices in the different cities, towns, and villages throughout the State. The county committees in Douglas and Lancaster Counties investigated fully and reported prices for Omaha and Lincoln. These prices, with certain modifications, were put into effect in Omaha December 19, 1917, and in Lincoln January 3, 1918. The prices in the two cities were substantially the same, differences in freight rates and delivery charges being taken into account. Prices were established for the communities in Douglas and Lancaster Counties, outside of Omaha and Lincoln, to take effect February 1, 1918. Before establishing prices for. the State at large, I called for reports from the several county committees, and I soon became convinced that the local price plan was impracticable and difficult of equitable application, because of the changing mine prices and transportation and other charges. Definite prices were then dropped, and maximum retail gross margins were established, on all coal and coke sold to consumers in Nebraska, outside of Douglas and Lancaster Counties, to take effect February 9, 1918. These margins were on substantially the same basis as the prices in Douglas and Lancaster Counties. On March 30, 1918, 1 made an order establishing maximum margins for the entire State, effective April 1. In that order coal dealers were required to post up and maintain in their places of business accessible to their customers, the Government price of each kind of coal and coke handled, the maximum gross margin allowed, the retail price at the yard, and the drayage and delivery charges. This enabled consumers to analyze prices. The order effective April 1 was superseded June 25, 1918, by a Statewide order dated June 22, 1918. The later order materially increased the margins, and permitted the retail dealers to add the cost of unloading from the cars to the cost of the coal to them. The April 1st order was too close to permit a reasonable profit to the retail dealers. The order of June 25 was liberal. In the meantime, between these dates, the cost of handling the coal and of carrying on the retail coal business had very materially increased. For clarity of statement, no reference is made to minor orders, which were of limited application. On December 27, 1918, an order was made, which took effect January 1, 1919, reducing the margins on yard screened coal 10 cents per ton, and establishing a maximum average unloading charge of 25 cents per ton. The retail coal dealers in Omaha and Lincoln claimed that they should have higher prices and margins than the dealers in the smaller towns, because their expenses were greater. The dealers in the small towns urged that they should be allowed greater margins than the dealers in the large cities, because they transacted so little business, and had to maintain their coal yards and equipment. My opinion was that the entire State FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTBATOBS. 217 should be on the same basis. In the cities the greater volume offset the increased expense. In the small towns the business was light and the expense in proportion. The Statewide margins were equitable and fair to all the retail coal dealers in the State, and. gave general satisfaction. The orders of the administration were generally complied with throughout the State. There were few instances of overcharging, and these were due largely to loose business methods. CONSERVATION. The lightless nights order was enforced in Nebraska; and requests for the late opening and early closing of stores and places of business were generally complied with. After careful investigaticJn through the several county committees, I prepared a conservation order covering the late opening and early closing of stores for the winter of 1918-19 to take effect November 1, 1918. A copy of the order was sent to Washington for approval, late in October, and it was withheld at the request of the administration. The work of conservation accomplished after the appointment of a director of conservation is included in a report, which I am appending, made by Mr. Henry F. Wyman, director of conservation. SUMMER STORAGE. Last summer, at the request of the administration, retail dealers and consumers purchased large stocks of coal at summer prices. Several fires resulted from the storing of lignite, and much of the coal slacked in the bins. The mild weather and the signing of the armistice lessened the demand, and the coal dealers were left with large stocks on hand, which they will have difficulty in disposing of to advantage, in competition with Illinois and other eastern coal now obtainable in Nebraska. RETAIL COAL DEALERS REGISTERED. The registration system for retail dealers was adopted in Nebraska. Upon applications filed with the local committees, certificates of registration were issued. When the list was complete it was arranged alpha- betically and numbered consecutively. It was then priated in pamphlet form, the addresses following the names. There were 1,392 dealers registered, each of whom received a copy of the printed pamphlet. Copies were furnished also to the committeemen, wholesale dealers, distributing representatives, mine operators, and others interested. COOPERATION. The United States Fuel Administration has had, in Nebraska, the complete and cordial cooperation of the governor, the State council of defense, the food administration, commercial and industrial associations and patriotic organizations throughout the State. The wholesale coal dealers and jobbers rendered invaluable service. Almost without exception the retail dealers handled their business as directed by the administration, with the utmost good will and with excellent results. The State fuel administrators in the Western States, particularly Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Okla- homa, Texas, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska, had several meetings during 1918 and discussed fully and freely important questions pertaining to administration business. These meetings were helpful and, while most of the resolutions adopted and recommendations made were without result, the exchange of views con- tributed to a better understanding of the problems involved. Mr. H. N. Taylor, of Kansas City, was unfailing in courtesy and fair and friendly in his treatment of State administrators connected with his district. EXPENSES. Vouchers already submitted to Washington, for the expenses of the fuel administration in Nebraska, aggregate $6,535.77, and the only February expense of consequence will be the stenographer's salary, $100, thus making the total expenses in the State $6,635.77. These figures do not include telegrams chargeable to Nebraska, the vouchers for which are received in Washington; nor do they include the expenses of special examiners, and of Prof. E. J. McCaustland, dean of engineering, University of Missouri, who rendered special services in the interconnection of electric light and power plants. The net proceeds of the sale of the furniture and office equipment will reduce the amount. Eespectfully submitted. John L. Kennedy, Federal Fuel Administrator Jor Nebraska, Omaha, Nebr., February 26, 1919. 218 KEPOET OF ADMIjSTISTRATIVE DIVISION. ACTIVITIES OF THE BUREAU OF CONSERVATION. Complying with instructions from Washington, I herewith make final report covering the result of the conservation activities m Nebraska so far as practicable. The best estimate that can be made from available sources of the total coal saved in the State during the life of the fuel administration is shown under headiugs, as follows : Tons. 1. Stationary steam plants 146, 871 2. Domestic 350, 000 3. Saving from substitution of wood for coal (') 4. Consolidation or interconnection of central stations (Grand Island and Fremont) 2, 337 5. Closing down of isolated plants ' . - (') 6. Substitution of water power for steam power (') 7. Street railways (skip-stop), Omaha • 792 Total 500, 000 An average saving of 8J per cent on the estimated normal consumption of 6,000,000 tons, for the administra- tion period. In making this estimate the saving on steam coal is figured at 5 per cent, on account of the poor quality of coal used, and the saving on domestic coalis figured at 11§ per cent. In drawing the line between domestic and stationary steam plants, one-half of the total consumption is allotted to each. The above estimate, which is considered conservative, is based upon partial returns made by county chair- men and coal-consuming plants, and upon information otherwise received. Since the signing of the armistice, the lifting of fuel restrictions, and the approach of normal conditions, it has been difficult to obtain complete reports from committees and consimaers. There would have been a further increase ia the saving of coal if consumers had been able to obtain the kind and quality of coal previously used. Under zone restrictions they were obliged to use a very inferior quality, which resulted in increased tonnage and increased cost. I was appointed director of conservation October 15, 1918, and had very little time to organize my office before the ending of the war. In consequence there has been no complete card file or list made up of the steam * plants of the State; but a partial list was made. Respectfully submitted. Henry F. Wyman, Director of Conservation, United States Fuel Administration ior NebrasTca. Omaha, Nebb., February 21, 1919. NEBRASKA. Kennedy, Jno. L STATE ADVISOBT BOARD. Dickson, Judge R. R- Holdrege, Geo. W Lanning, W. H Miller, Jno. E Sloan, Frank W Tyler, M. D STATE OFFICIAL PERSON- NEL. Palmer, Arthur L.. Learned, Myron L . Loomis, Fred P — Wyman, Henry F Johnston, R . W Johnston, Mrs. Mabelle. Famham, Mrs. Bess Gillis, Mrs. Evelyn Lieberman, Pauline Title. Official station. State luel administrator. . Executive secretary Director of enforcement Assistant fuel administrator in charge of distribution. Director of conservation Director of hotel conservation . . . Executive secretary Stenographer do do Omaha - O'Neill. . . Omaha... Hastings - Lincoln.. Geneva... Norfolk.. Omaha. ....do.. ....do.. do.. Lincoln. do.. Omaha.. do.. ....do.. Home address. Omaha. O'Neill. . . Omaha . . . Hastings. Lincoln.. Geneva. - Norfolk. . 2567 Douglas Street. Omaha do do Lincoln do 2240 Landon Court. Omaha do Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V s V V V V s s s s Served. From- To— Oct. 17,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 ....do.. ....do ....do ....do ....do I Dec. 17,1917 Oct. 15,1918 Nov. 6, 1917 Oct. 15,1918 Oct. 18,1918 Nov. 7,1917 Dec. 18,1917 Nov. 11,1917 Aug. 21,1918 Mar. 27,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. ,Do. Do. Dec. 8,1917 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 30,1918 Deo. 31,1918 1 Negligible. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. NEBRASKA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES. 219 Name. Official station. COUNTT PUEL COMMITTEES. Adams: Clarke, James N., chair- man. Lowman, Wm. M ' Hilsabeck, B. J Hargleroad, W. B Hart,C. K Bonham, M Antelope: Housh, F. M., chairman. Best, E. G Rundcmlst, A. H Allen, Jean Drayton, Henry Stringfellow, J. L Bepme, J. W Durham, E. W Banner: Page^ C. S.^ chairman . . . Helsmg, ■« illiam Jones, G. A Warner, L. H Millett, G. A Blaine: Bane, Harry R., chair- man. Blakely, Chester C Vanneste, Paul F Franey, Michael Ferguson, Hugh R Miller, Martin S Boone: Williams, Frank D., chairman. Smith, Aubrey A Ripp, Henry Henn, John Reigle, Thomas Puller, D.J Box Butte: Graham, Robert, chair- man. Mosher, L. H DavidSOTL WitUam Elaten, Thomas Norton, W.W Griffith, Brown Thompson, S. W Miner, A. M Boyd: Davles, John A., chair- man. Brown: Murphy, P. W., chair- man. WiUlams, W. H. Ely, W. M...7T. BuckUn, W. A Heck, T. S Wantz, P. E Buffalo: Oldham, W. D., chair, man. Kappell, Albert Bodlnson, Roy Spahr, Fred Sutton, Ed Witteman, G. E Scotchdapole, Frank... Harris, Ed Randall, W. L Loomls, Eugene Burt: Enyart, B.C., chairman . Hopewell, Howard. . Clark, Chas. B Benson, Nels Crellin, P. L Busse, Gustave Piper, Jno. F Butler: Schaaf , H. 0., chairman . "^iers, Henry Burgess, G. W McNallv, Dr. J. M Pivis, Chas. J Roh, F. J.; Owen, J. H Duncan, J. G Cass: Schneider, H. A,, chair- man. Cole, A. G Frans, D. R Marshall, E. F Aldrich, C. S Boyles, S.C Paul, Fitzgerald Hastings . ....do... Kenesaw. Holstein . Prosser . . . Ayr Neligh . Royal Brunswick. Orchard Oakdale Clearwater . Elgin Harrisburg, . Kirk Harrisburg. - do Flowerfleld. Dunning Purdum.. Brewster. , Dunning., Brewster. ....do... Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Albion . St. Edward... Cedar Rapids. Petersburg Primrose Albion -Alliance.. .-..do do do do do do Hemingford. . . Butte Ainsworth . , do do Long Pine . do John.stown . Kearney . . . Miller Kearney — Shelton Elm Creek . Pleasanton. Ravenna .Amherst — Gibbon Poole Tekamah . do.... Craig Oakland - . Lyons Decatur. . . Lyons "^ avid City-. Ulysses Rising City - Bellwood Brainard Bruno David City. do Plattsmouth. do Union WeeplngWater. Elmwood Alvo Louisville Served. From- Nov. 1, 1917 ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V -do. .do. .do. -do. -do. -do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ..do. -do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. -do. .do. .do. .do: -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ..do. ....do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. do. do. do. do. do. do. To- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Po. Po. Po. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. To. Po. Po, Po, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Po. Po. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL cdMMITTEES— continued. Cedar; Weston, W. S., chairman Morton, S. H., chairman, (successor). Gray, Geo. A Furley, C. F '.... Meyer, J. G Randall, Chas. H Snegg, E. E Dirks, Wm Jones, Dr. W. Y Podersen, C. A Griescl, Pan Cha'5c: Meeker, Chas. W., chair- man. Bartholomew, A. E Christiansen, J. I Andrews, Harry Davidson, W. L Pence, A. C Green, Jno. W Morse, Arthur L Cliorry: Cowan, James, chairman. Vanden, C. H. Reed, F. L Naylor J, F Uck, Nick Snyder, J. C Cheyenne: Swenson, J, M,, chair- man. Warren, A. E . , chairman, (successor). Bates, W.L Andersen, Hans C Rihn, Frank Coding, Wm MedlockN.E Clay: Epperson, A. C, chair- man. Burlingame, A. W Schwenk, Wm Newell, A. B Zigafoos, James Cartney.C. C Anderson, Joseph Oimsby, Ernest Colfax: Sadilek,W. B., chairman. Mortimer, Thomas Nash, Ralph Vinc«nt, W.J Siudelar, A. W Vitek, Jos. R Cuming: Andersen, 0. C, chair- man. Krause, A. L .Severa, J. S Fleming, J. T '. Ransom, G. N Custer: Gutterson, C. L., chair- man, a Armstrong, N. E., chair, man (successor), Taylor, Frank Games, E. P Finch, John Christensen, Chris Johnson, A. P Savidge, J. M Gibbons, E.C Wood, JohnT Gordori, A. O .Tones, Orel Perrin, S. L Andrews, H. H Dakota: Warner, W. P., chair- man. Ashford, Geo. W Long, Thomas Daley, John Clements, Joseph Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Hartington. . do Coleridge.. Laurel Belden Randolph. Magnet Fordyce. . . Wynot Oberl.;... Belden Imperial . .do. Enders Lamar Champion.. Wauneta... do Enders Valentine . . . Crookston. . . Cody Merriman . . . Wood Lake . Kilgore Sidney - do Lodgepole.- Palton Gurley Potter Sidney Clay Center . . . Sutton Harvard . . Olenvil.... Fairtieid . . Edgar Ong Trumbull . Schuyler . , Leigh Richland. Rogers — Howells. . . Clarkson . . West Point . . . .do. Bcemer . . Wisner. . . Bancroft . Wood, F. A Dawes: Reynolds, W. H., chair- man. Crites, Fred A Baird, F. S Austin, B. D Gorton, Geo E Abbott, Fay E Broken Bow . . do Anselmo Ansley , Arnold Berwyn Broken Bow . . Callaway Comstook Mason City . . . Merna Oconto Sargent Callaway Dakota City... Homer Hubbard Jackson , South Sioux City. Dakota City.. Chadron . ....do.... Wayside . , Whitney.. Crawford. Belmont . V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V \" y V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Nov. 1,1917 June 14,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do do do do do .do... .do... .do... -do... .do...' .do... .do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... To— June 14,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ' Do. Po. Do. Eo. Do. Do. Po. Po. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. do : Sept. 14,1918 Sept. 16,1918 : Feb. 28,1919 Nov, 1,1917 do do do do .....do , ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ...,do May 31,1918 Nov. 1,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do do. do. do. do. do. do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. To. Po. Po. Po. Po. Po. Po. Do. Po. Po. Po. Po. Po. Po. Do. Po. Po. Po. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Po. May 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Po. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 220 EEPOBT OF ADMINISTEATIVE DIVISION. NEBRASKA— Continued . FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Dawes — Continued. Furman, Burt Eastman, M. C Dawson: Zimmerer, Ferdinand, sr., chairman. Eger, J. D., chaii'man. (successor). Rosenburg, C. C Preitauer, C. F Slade, Geo. E Worthing, H. T. Hedglin,B.R Johnson, R. W Ralston, Hugh Stebbins, W. M......... Scott, W. H Douel: Maynard, Rev. H. H., chairman. Johnson, T. M McRale, Robert LeSelle, G. C Knox, J. W Betts, H. D Petterson, H. C Kjeldgaard, Andreas Dixon: Shumway, H. P., chair- man (deceased). Williams, Rev. Frank, chairman. Travers, D. D Hughes, E. J Flaherty, R. J Rummell, J. N Official station. Marsland-. Crawford... Lexington. do do Gothenburg. Cozad Overton Eddyville Sumner Famam Gothenburg. do Chappell. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. -do. Bray, Dr. R. E . . . Wright, R. G Kendall, James F . Busby, William L Bales, S. H McGrath, James P Canning, H. P Carhart, E. J Dodge: Turner, O. F., chairman. Miller, A. J Dickey, J. J Ehlers, John Zellers, Dr. M. T Uehling, Ed Cusack, Roy Henry, J. Rex Nicodemus, C. B Douglas: Cole, David, chairman Blanchard, J. B Buckingham, Everett. Buresh, Vaclav Burkley, Frank J Crawford, Judge Bryce. Gamble, John W Hayden, Joseph Levy, Morris , Loftus, M Page, Walter T Reynolds, Thomas P. . . Robinson, J. C Switzler, Robert M Wilcox, Robert S , Shriver, Wm. G., secre- tary. Dundy: Logan, E. R., chairman Hamilton, W. C, chair- man (successor). Ballard, O. B Lamed, W. H Crews, L. E Moflett, C. H Hanson, W. C Logan, E. R Fillmore: Wilson, H. P., chairman Steven, A. H Wilson, J. C Lowdon, R. H Real, Emmet F Jackson, Robt. M Dunker, James H.. . . Stowell, R;W Bors, James Franklin: Hart, S. Y., chairman... Byrum, A. H., chairman, (successor). Helmick, Bert. B Bigspring . Wakefield. ...-do.... Allen Concord Dixon Emerson Martinsburg. Maskell Ponca Wakefield.... Waterbury. .. Newcastle Dixon Emerson Fremont Dodge Snyder Scribner Hooper Uehling North Bend. Fremont ....do Omaha do do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Waterloo Omaha ....do ....do Benkelman. - -...do Parks Haigler ....do Max Benkelman. Max Geneva ...-do Exeter Fairmont . . Grafton Shickley . . . Strang Ohiowa Milligan Bloomington., do Campbell Volun- teer or salary V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 1,1917 ....do -do- Apr. 1, 1918 Nov. 1,1917 do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do .-..do .do. do- do. do. do. do. do. do. Feb. 12,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do , ....do , ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ...-do ...-do. ....do- ....do. ....do. ....do. ...-do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do- ...-do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ...-do. June 26,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do .do.... -do.... .do...- .do.... .do.... .do..-- .do.... -do.... .do-... Feb. 27,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Apr. 1, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1 June 20, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. •Feb. 26,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Name, COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES continued. Franklin— Continued. Kirkbride, H. S Hines, L. M Wickstrom, John Butler, C. A-... Holmes, E. J Croley, R. T Frontier: Cheney, L. H., chair, man. McElwain, J.W Crabenstein, Dan Green, J. J Kempton, H. B Nelson, D. O MoGinnis, H. E Towne, E. W Furnas: Butler, W. O., chairman. Corell, J. O Phillipson, Albert, Renie, S. S Zike, E. M Sherwood, J. H., jr, Dakan, J. F, Leach, E. B Parker, Frank li Gage: Kyd, R. R., chairman, Wheeler, F. E Sterameyer, Wm Cook W. P Hubka, Joe Moran, M. J Stephenson, George T. Garden: Curtis, H. J., chairman.. Smith, Walter Fought, W. W Gumacr H. C , Minshall C. D Mevich, John Garfield: Fenner, L. B., Meyers, Joe, (successor). McMullcn, W White, E. M Hallock, Harry Wright, Wm.. R Gosper: Tilden, W. L., chairman. Mahlm, J. C Grant: Osgood. Daniel F., chair- man. Egan, Daniel McCaulev, John Van Nortwick, C. W Lorenzen, J. H Greeley: Harris, B. J. chairman.. McDermott, M. J., chair- man (successor). CoHman, W, F Swain, J. R Towner, W. D . . Lee, W.J Davis, E. H Zentner, H. F Locker, D. W. Hall: Ryan, Chas. G., chair- man. Kingsbury R. D Kirschire, Oscar R Scudder, L. G Cox, John E Sprague, W. L Mcintosh, Hugh F Hamilton: Stark , Hon. W. L. , chair- man. Hartnell. J. K., chair- man (successor). Bush, Uriah T^wis, A. M Bierbower, J. C Cox, J. M Price, jV. W BrONvn, Alex Refshauge, P. J Isaacson, M. E Harlan: Thompson, J. G., chair- man. Shea, Peter W Hyannis... ....do ....do Ashby Whitman Greeley Center, Greeley Horace Greeley do Spalding Wolbaoh Brayton Scotia Grand Island. . , ....do -do. Doniphan Cairo Wood River. , Alda Aurora ....do Marquette . Murphy Giltner Hampton . . Phillips.... Stockhara. . Hordville . . Murphy . . . Alma. Orleans . V V V V ' Resigned. .do. ..-.do., ---.do.. ..-.do., .-..do.. V July 13.1918 V Nov. 1,1917 V do V do V do V do V do V do V do V do V do V do V do V do V do -\ug. 26,1918 V Nov. 1,1917 V do \ do V do \' do V do V do V do V do V .... do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 12,11)18 Feb. 28,19U) Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 24, 191 S Fob. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. NEBRASKA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 221 Xame. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES- continued. H arlan — Continued. Houlihan, R Waldo, AH Johjiiion, R olland Johnston, Alexander . . . Hayes: Enyeart, L. W., chair- man. Bacon, Irving Barrett, W. B Gre.sii. J . W Clarl-, LoUy Joy, W.B Snyder, Ed Counce, Tho5. (1 Bodeman. Andy Oarrett, Thos..' :. Johnson, "Herman Kasten, A Smith, John V May, D. B Snyder, H. B Ashmore, H..B WiUis, O. W McMuilen, J. F Kucera, Joseph Hitchcock: Thorhhill, W. H., chair- man. Kirkbride, G. C Stephens, C. B EUer.T. A Blum, S. H :. Crews, C. G Holt: Cronin, D. H., chairman. Wade, Thomas Trommershausser, J. N.. Wilcox, E. W Mien, D. H , Sturdevant, B. E ChittickR. E Hooker: Humphrey, .A. G., chair- man. Bowers, W. E Bamevey, C. M Cleavenger, C. E Howard: Paul, James X., chair- man. Hansen, Peter Hilmer, Fred Sailing, Robert Martin, J. M Wysocki, John Jefferson: Denney, C. H., chair- man. Clark, C.I Slaughter, C. W Falk, M. N Nuckolls, L. Jj Denney, F. W Fonts, J. W Thiessen, John A Jay, V. A Johnson: Hassett, C. W., chair- man. Shaw, Clarence M., chairman (successor). Paine. W. L BeU, J. D Piatt, H. C White, W. A Kearney: Copeland, Levi M., chair- man. Sanford, Noble Jordon.I. H Dossett,C.F Anderson, Chris Mahoney, M. J Gormly, Wm Bloodgood, Jason Keith: Searle, E. M^ chairman. Guimell, O. M Hobbs,E. L Barber,R.H Adams, D Keyapaha: Koby, Arthur F., chair- man. Official station. Haves Center . Marengo Haves Center . ...".do Wallace Strickland . . . . W^auneta Rain Hayes C^enter. do White Thorn burg Haves Center . ...Ido do Palisade do Haves Center. St.'.-\nn Trenton.. .-..do Beverly Stratton... Palisade . . . Culhertson . O'Xeili... Page Ewing Inman Emmet . . , .VtVinson. Stuart.... Mullen. ...do ...do ...do St. Paul.... CotesQeld. .. Boelus Gushing Danncbrog. . Farwell Fairbury . . . Steele City. Endicott... Plymouth.. Fairbury... Day kin DiUer Jansen Reynolds . . Tccumseh.. .do Cook Elk Creek Crab Orchard . Sterling Minden. AxteU Wilcox Kecne Nonnau... Heartwell. Lowell Newark Ogallala... Paxton. . . BnUe Keystone. Lcmoyne. Volun- teer or salary. Stamford R e p u b 1 i e ii n cfiy. Huntley Ragan Springview. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 1,1917 do .do. .do. ...do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. do. do. do. do. do. do. .....do. do. do. Sept. 10, 1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do do .do.... V do V do V do V do V do V do V do V do V do V do V do V do .do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Sept. 4,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Kimball: Bushee,B. R., chairman Eichenbcrger, F.J Cargill.V. B Galloglv, J.E Bogle, C.E Knox: Meservc, W. A., chair- man. Weber, W.H Hoile,L.J Stevenson, Chas Neprud, Tinor Crandall,0. W Tikalsky,T. A Peterson, P. H Bayha, Geo. G Wakelee, W. F Lancaster: Lc Eossignol, J. E., chairman. Stewart, John M Sawyer, Everett B Anderson, Geo. W Allison, O.J Quiggle, C. C Lincoln: Patterson, T. C, chair- man. Beeler, J. G Abbott, James W Fetter, John W . Brown, Bruce Wilson, David C Mothersaid, A. J Listen, Chas. A McMichael, Joseph . Tichenor, G. W Logan: Quade, W. H., chairman. Loup: Moon, A. S., chairman. . McPherson: •Dunn, W. M., chairman. Snyder, M. B., chairman (successor). Madison: Garrett, M. C. , chairman. Mathewsoii; J. S Preece, T. D Bosse,W.H Smith, C. A Mellberg, F. A Ward, A.E Merrick: Martin, John C, chair- man. Agnew, Geo. A Laub, Dr. John P Anderson, Axel O'Connor, William Long,JohnI Caulton, Fred C Morrill: Hunt, Geo. J., chairman. Estill, Thomas B McConnell, Robt Thompson, Wm . N Adams, J. H MoKelvey, W. T Bigelow,E.M Nance: Rose,W. L., chairman... Ainlay,B. J Young,F.H Lamb,B.F Hufl,M.H Downing, Howard Nemaha: Neal, E. F., chairman. . . Jones, M. G Neal,B.T Dressler,J.I Cox. John T KelUgar,W.H Criley,I.H Ramsey, J. G Reaves, JFrani Marvin, Mel Nuckolls: Jackson, George, chair- man. Greenwood,Robt., chair- man (successor). Page, D. A , Dillon, Wm Official station. Kimball. . do.... do.... Dix Bushnell.. Creighton. Bloomfleld. Crofton Center Vordel Wmnetoon. Verdigre Wausa Niobrara Creighton. . Lincoto . do.... do.... Havelock. Lincoln... do.... North Platte. do Hershey Maxwell Brady Sutherland.. Wallace Dickens WelLfleet.... Somerset Stapleton. Taylor Try on.. do. Madison Norfolk Battle Creek. . . Meadow Grove, Tilden NewmanGrove, Madison. . . . Central City. do Chapman Palmer Archer Clarks Silver Creek- Bridgeport.. do Dalton Angora Broadwater. Bayard Bndgeport.., Fullerton . Belgrade . . Genoa do.... Fullerton. do.... Auburn Peru Brownville Nemaha Howe Auburn South Auburn Johnson Brock Julian Nelson. ....do.. Hardy . . Ruskin.. Volun- teer or salary V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do ....do ....do ....do , ....do ....do ....do --.-do ---.do ----do -...do ....do ....do ....do AugV'7,'i9i8 Nov. 1,1917 ....do ....do ....do .---do ----do ----do ----do -...do ....do ....do ....do do ....do do ...-do .--.do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ...do ....do ...do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do -.--do Doc. 15,1917 Nov. 1,1917 ...-do-- ' Resigned. To- Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 'Feb. 14, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ' Dec. 1, 1917 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. 222 RBPOKT OF ADMINISTEATIVB DIVISION. NEBRASKA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Nuckolis — Continued. Beavers, T.E Henderson. W. C BishofE, Edw Kohmetsclier, B.J Otoe: Livingston, D.W.,cliair- man. Hellier, Fred, chairman, (successor). Boyd, Bert West,D. P Morgan, J. M Harman, H. F Paradeis, Cli«3 Garrett, W. E DammGj J. H Eaton, Joel SchaU,Dr.H.D , Pawnee: Sohappel, C. A., cliair- man. Hare, J. "W., chairman, (successor). Ruclcer, Henry Harris, C.W Johnston, W. M Stephenson, Wm Hassler.H. C Coolcwalter, J. W Cotton, Geo. A Perldns: Hastings, B. F,, chair- man. Watldns, W. J Edwards, W. H Newton, C. O Nomer, Ernest Phelps: Dilworth, W. A., chair- man. Carlson, S. P Peterson, Carl B Funk, P. C Morrison, John Carlson, Gust F Pierce: Spillman, O. S., chair- man. Brande. A. L., chair- man (successor). Powers, W. E LefEerdink, Wm Pry, F.S Dermis, J. L WiUmaun, H. M Engler, O. B Ahrens, A. H Hioks,B. F Allen, William Platte: Garlow, C. J., chairman. Gerrard, C. L Dickey, 0. L Moflett, John Thielen, Chas. J Stevens, Thad Miller, H. B 01k, Jacob Sokol, John Webb, Bruce Polk: Mills, M. A., jr., chair- man. Brlgham, Geo. E Timm, Mark Johnston, W. M Lind, C. V Collis,C.R Presson, G. H Lanham, J. W RedwlUow: Pennell, F. A., chair- man. Galusha, A., chairman, (successor). Barton, J. W Bodwell, C. L McDonald, G. E Stilgebouer, S. H Myers, W. H , Keys, H. W Durbin, G. Q Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Oak Superior. . Nelson Lawrence. Nebraska City. do Dunbar.. Syracuse. Unadilla. Palmyra. Douglas.. Burr Talmage . Lorton.-. Berlin Pawnee City . do Stelnauer Lewiston Burchard DuBois Pawnee City . Boolovalter.. Table Rock.. Grant. Venango - Grant Madrid... Elsie Holdrege. . .do. Bertrand., Funk Atlanta... Loomis- . - Pierce. . do.. .-..do Hadar McLean Osmond Foster Plain view. , do Breslau McLean Columbus ....do ....do Platte Center., Humphrey Creston Lindsay Cornlea Duncan Creston Osceola., Shelby Osceola ....do Polk do Stromsburg. do McCook. do... Bartley. .. Lebanon,. Danbury.. Marion McCoofc. .. Indianola. Bartley... V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 1,1917 do do do Apr. 23,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do do do do do do , do do Mar. 21,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Sept. 17,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do do... do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Dec. 4,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do do To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. 1 Apr. 20, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. iMar. 21,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. . Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1 Sept. 13, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 'Dec. 6,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Richardson: Lylord, Victor G., chair- man. Jaquet, A. E Wirth, L. P Lichty, John Kotouc, Otto Riley, D.J Ocamb, Geo Dowell, M. L Hall. John Clark, Ralph Evans, J. M Margrave, James Evans, W. L Rock: Stockwell, C. F., chair- man. Preple, W. E Allen, Wm. H Alderman, Jas Miller, Hugh Sandall, Lawrence Saline: , Kohout, B. v., chair- man. Jelinek, H. V Grace, W. R Scherzer, Jas -. Mullen, P. J Kucera, F. Jones, L. H Clark, H.E Stout. W.I Whiflen, T. U Sarpy: Langdon, A. E., chair- man. Trent, W.N Houston, Nat. C Stambaugh, W. D Hayhow, Fred Saas, Jacob La Borde, J. E Official station. Volun- teer or salary Wainwright, John A . Davidson, W. H Saunders: Hendricks, B. E., chair- man. La Chapelle, J. B Hallner, Carl Park, R. H Broz, Joe if owell, Jas. A Fleming, B. J Martin, John Fleming, Walter Bredenberg, Ed, J Sootts Bluff: Wright, Fred A., chair- man. Roberts, F. H., chair- man (successor). Boatsman, John Whitehead, James T Yoder, Byron E Conklin, L. L Roberts, Harry Seward: Thomas, J. J., chairman. Galder, James, chairman, (successor). Doty, C.W Hartman, W. C Gamble, P. C Kudran, James Howard, L. O Wied, Otto Madson, Martin Sandusky, Wm Mutz, Dana Mitchell, Walter Sheridan: Dorr, R. G., chairman. . Neilson, Julius McGraw, John M ! " ' Glover, Walter S ..'. Benschoter, Geo. E , Messier, John Hunseker, Marvin W..1 Sherman: Wall, Aaron, chairman Slote, Geo Falls City. ....do ....do ....do Humboldt . Dawson Rulo Salem Verdon Stella Shubert Preston Shubert Bassett., do.... Newport. Bassett. . . do--.. Wilber. .do.. Crete. Dorchester . Friend Tobias Western Swanton... DeWitt.... ....do Papillion. Bellevue La Platte Richfleld Papillion Chaico Gretna Gretna, R.F.D. Springfield Wahoo., Ashland Ithaca Yutan Prague Valparaiso . . . Cedar Blue's. Ceresco Morse Blui.., Wahoo Scottsblufl. ..do. Morrill... Mitchell.. Melbeta.. Minatare. McGrew., Seward. ....do.. BeaverCrossibg. Staplehurst German town... Bee MUford Tamora Goehner Pleasant Dale.. Utica Germantown... Rushville do Gordon do Hay Springs. Antioch Lakeside Loup City. . Litchfield.. > Rengned, V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov 1,1917 .do.... .do.... -do.... .do.... .do.... -do--., -do.... -do.... .do.... .do.... -do.... -do..... To— -do. do., do., do., do., do.. .do ....do., ....do., ....do.. ...-do.. ...-do.. ....do.. ...-do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do ....do ....do ....do .-.-do ....do ...-do ....do ....do , ...-do Sept. 7,1918 Nov. 1,1917 ....do ..--do .-.-do .-.-do July 'si,' 1918 Nov. 1, 1917 ...-do ..-.do .-..do .-.-do .---do -...do ...-do .---do ..-.do ....do -...do -.-.do -...do ....do ...do ....do do ...do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 30, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. iJuly 16,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do FEDEKAX. FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. NEBRASKA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 223 Name. OfFicial station Volun- teer or salary. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Sherman— Continued. Robinson, A. E Nielsen, Chris lamrog, Thomas Richmond, S. H Campbell, Boy Sioux: Wilhermsdorler, J. H., chairman. Bigelow, P. B Hoyt.W.L Husted, E. S Long, Max Stewart, Ted Collins, P.N Jordan, Daniel Stanton: Stucker, J. R., chairman. Pilger, Albert Brandt, Robert Thayer: Weiss, M. H., chairman Newell, Dr. H.J Benton, Geo. H Bates, W.C Stratton, Dr. H. H Ringer, Jerry Hemenover, Frank E . . Wood,W. S Townsend, A. F ' Brunning, Fred. H Conklin, J.E Carter, E.C Thomas: I Darrow, B. A.^chairman. Evans, John H., assist- 1 ant chairman. Lewellen. P. T Cox, M.J West,C. E Wirz,N. J Stevenson, G. M Thurston: Wiltse, E. A. , chairman . Carlberg, R. B Coolidge, Wm McManus, P. J Mansfield, M.S Lemmon, Geo "Winebrenner, M. X VaUey: Davis, Horace M., chair- ■ man. Misko, Wensel Petersen, August Hazard Rock^ille . Ashton Loup City. Harrison . .do., .do.. Andrews.. Glen Morrill Mitchell.. Harrison., Stanton.. Pilger do . . . Hebron Alexandria.. Belvidere... Carleton Chester Davenport . Deshler Hebron Hubbell.... Bruning Hubbell.... Bruning Thedford.. do.... Pender ....do Rosalie Walthill Winnebago.. Thurston WalthlU Served. Name. From- To— V V V V do Seneca do Halsev do Ord. 1.. Nov. 1,1917 do do do do ..do .do. .do. V V V V ^• V V V V V V V ^• V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V .do.... .do.... .do.... .do.... .do.... -do.... .do.... .do. .do. .do. .do., .do., -do., .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ..do. ..do. ..do. .do. .do. .do. -do., .do. .do. -do. .do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Official station. Volun" teer or salary COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. lley— Continued. . Babcock, A. H Wetzel, G. P Wozniak, C. E McCleary, Esper Swaynie, M. S Whitney, W. E Washington: Van Deusen, Don C, chairman. Ros9^ Chas A ye, John R Marshall, C. C Walton, James Robertson, Fred Ki-onberg, G. E Busch, Herman Wayne: Bressler, John T., chair- man. Bowen, 0. R., chairman (successor). Shannon, John Gabler, Walter Benser, F. S Linn, M. S Philby, W. E Closson, C. E Gibson, R. E Webster: ' McNeny, Bernard, chair, man. Solomon, E. J Redden, Chas Burr, E. E McBride, James McCrary, G. R McBride, Edgar Wheeler: Harrington, W. T., chair- man. Van Horn, Frank Bovles, Frank York: ' G ilbert, E . A . , chairman. Keekley, C. R Smith, E.H Sandall, C. E Shidler, Dr. G. P Price, John J Adams, A. J SparUngjComelius Hylton, Harry I Strater,M. W North Loup.. ....do Elyria Arcadia ....do do Blair.. ....do ....do jVrlington Ft. Calhoun.. Herman Kennard Washington. . Wayne. . do.. ....do... Winside.. Hosklns . Carroll... Sholes.... Carroll.. Sholes... Red Cloud. Bladen Blue Hill Guide Rock Cowles Inavale Blue Hill Bartlett.. Ericson. ..-.do.. York ....do .-.-do .-..do do do Bradshaw. Benedict.. Gresham.. Lushton . . V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From — Nov. 1,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do .do. .do. .do. -do- -do- -do- -do- -do- May Nov. ...-do ....do do .....do do do 1,1918 1,1917 .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do. .do- -do. -do- -do- -do. -do. -do. -do. -do. -do- ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do- Do- Do. Do- Do. Do. Do. May 1, 1918 Feb, 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. oD. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. NEVADA.' ORGANIZATION. The undersigned was appointed as Federal fuel administrator for Nevada on September 29, 1917, and immediately after his appointment went to Washington for the purpose of receiving instructions regarding the manner in which the work of the administration was to be conducted. On his return from Washington he stopped over at Salt Lake City, and Ogden, Utah, for the purpose of securing information regarding the output of the Utah and Wyoming coal mines, and also regarding the con- dition of service being rendered by the railroad companies in transporting coal from various mines in Utah and Wyoming to Nevada and other Pacific Coast States. Soon after the return of the administrator to Carson City the organization of the fuel administration for Nevada was perfected by the appointment of an executive secretary, a private secretary, an advisory committee consisting of seven members, and also local fuel committees consisting of three members each in 18 jurisdictions. One committee was appointed for each of 14 counties, while for each of the two larger counties, namely, Hum- boldt and Elko, two committees were appointed. The administration did not find it necessary to appoint an engineer, a hotel conservator, or a lawyer to act as head of the bureau of enforcement in this State. On September 21, 1918, Mr. F. N. Fletcher was appointed director of conservation for Nevada. In connection with the appointment of local fuel committees this administration telegraphed to Washington on November 8, 1917, asking whether it was necessary to have local committeemen take an oath of office before entering upon their duties. A reply was received on the same date stating that the oath of office should be taken by members of the local committees if it was the intention of such committees to take formal action in any matters. A ruling was also requested on December 8, 1917, asking whether it was advisable to appoint a member of a local fuel committee, such member being indirectly interested in the coal business through his connection with a mercantile company. This matter was left in the hands of the State administrator. GENERAL FUEL SITUATION. During the time the State administration was organizing and for a time after organization was perfected, every endeavor was used to keep in touch with the fuel situation at various points in the State. As an example of the situation in October, telegrams were received from various district attorneys and other parties showing the amount of coal on hand with the dealers in more important localities. On October .20, 1917, the following tonnage was held by dealers at the points designated: Tons. Austin 175 Battle Mountain 200 Caliente None. Elko 165 Ely 100 Eureka None. Fallon None. Goldfield ■ 107 Las Vegas None. Lovelock lYO Mina None. Moapa None. Pioclie YQ Rochester None. Tonopah None Wells 15 Winnemucca None On October 29, 1917, a telegram was sent to the district car service bureau of Utah, stating that the fuel shortage was serious in many points in the State of Nevada, and by the same night's mail copies of aU priority requests made on the administration at Washington were forwarded to this bureau. 1 Report from Sept. 29, 1917, to Mar. 15, 1919 224 FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTKATOES. 225 On Xovember 5, 1917, it was necessary to send a telegram to the district car service bureau of Utah, regard- ing the serious situation in the Ely district with respect to coal for industrials. On November 16, 1917, it was necessary to address a communication to the same bureau with respect to the seriousness of the shortage of coal at Eeno and Sparks. On many occasions letters and telegrams were addressed to the Utah bureau with regard to the situation at Tonopah and other points in southern Nevada. FUEL REQUIREMENTS IN NEVADA. On September 28, 1917, a letter was addressed to the United States Fuel Administration at Washington, notifying that organization that the estimated needs of the State of Nevada were approximately 434,000 tons of coal for aU purposes. This estimate was approximately correct, for upon checking up our tonnage records we found that a httle less than 450,000 tons of coal were received in the State during the calendar year, 1918. On October 24, 1917, the district car service bureau of Utah was notified that the minimum coal require- ments for the State of Nevada for the ensuing three months woiild be 7,500 tons per month for domestic con- sumption, 26,000 tons per month for industrial purposes, and about 23,000 tons per month for railroads. The estimate for railroads was later modified to approximately 15,000 tons per month. .On May 9, 1918, the anthracite committee of the United States Fuel Administration at Philadelphia, Pa., was advised that Nevada's estimated requirements of anthracite coal would not exceed 10 cars per year. DISTRIBUTION. As a result of the investigation of traffic conditions on the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad by the State administrator while in Salt Lake City, Utah, the United States Fuel Administration was urged to cooperate in securing a temporary embargo against the transportation of through transcontinental freight on the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad in order to allow a free movement of coal over that line. It was found that the mines operating in Utah located on this railroad company's road were reduced to less than 50 per cent efficiency in operation owing to the fact that they were unable to secure eqtiipment for the loading of coal, and that when such equipment was secured and loaded, the railroad company was imable to handle it in many cases for several days after such loading. It was beheved by many that if through transcontinental freight was routed over other lines than the Denver & Rio Grande it wotdd have the effect of releasing sufficient motive power on that line to facilitate the movement of coal shipments. On October 27, 1917, the Administration at Washington was requested to rule as to the power of the State administration in taking charge of fuel distribution to domestic consumers, and also as to the power of local fuel committees in requiring dealers to allow investigation of their books. The Administration's ruling was received October 31. On November 3, 1917, a telegram was forwarded to the United States Fuel Administration, urging that a sufficient appropriation be given to the support of the district car service bureau of Utah, it being the opinion of the Nevada administration that this bvu-eau would be of invaluable service in regulating the distribution of coal to the several Pacific Coast States. On November 9, 1917, a ruling was requested from the United States Fuel Administration as to the authority of local fuel committees in requiring fuel dealers to ignore alleged verbal contracts which had been entered into with domestic consumers during the summer of 1917 with respect to the delivery of their winter's supply of coal. The Administration's ruling was received November 12, 1917. This ruling was requested for the reason that in several communities it was absolutely necessary for local fuel committees to take direct charge of the distribution of coal. In many cases this meant the limiting of deliveries of coal to consumers, and while most persons cooperated fuUy with the committees, there were some who had placed their orders for from 3 to 8 tons of coal during the simmaer, who demanded the delivery of their entire order out of the first cars received, and were not wil l ing to take their proportionate share of the shipment. This tended to hamper greatly the work of the local fuel committees; but, through force of public opinion, practically all of these persons agreed to abide by the regulations adopted by the committees. On December 1, 1917, the United States Fuel Administration was requested to rule as to the status of indus- trials that were operating in the State of Nevada and selling coal to their own employees at cost. A ruling was received December 16, 1917. On January 26, 1918, a conmaunication was addressed to the United States Fuel Administration urging that the operations of the district car service bureau be continued. This bureau had accomplished great results in assisting the Nevada administration in relieving fuel conditions which were serious in Nevada during the months of November and December, 1917, and it was felt that such a bureau was necessary to aid in the future distribu- tion of coal from the Utah and Wyoming mines. 122602—20 ^15 226 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIOIT. On February 25, 1918, in response to a request for information, tlie United States Fuel Administration was advised that it had not been necessary up to that date for the Nevada administration to commandeer any fuel, although it had been necessary to secure the diversions of numerous shipments. In connection with the United States Fuel Administration's program for coal distribution which was adopted April 1, 1918, a recommendation was sent to Washington on March 16, 1918, suggesting that con- sumers' report blanks as prescribed by the regulations be printed by the Stater administration instead of com- pelling retail coal dealers to assume the expense of having this work done. On March 20, 1918, notice was received that this matter would be left to the discretion of the State administrator. Accordingly blanks were printed in Carson City at nominal expense. On March 21, 1918, the United States Fuel Administratiou was requested to rule as to whether the penalty prescribed by the Lever Act applied to parties malcing misstatements regarding their report of wood con- sumption during the preceding year and their requirements for the ensuing year. A ruling was received March 23. On July 9, 1918, a recommendation was made to the United States Fuel Administration suggesting modification of the ruUng relating to shipments of coal in carload or barge load lots to domestic consumers. The Administration's ruUng provided that dehveries of this character should not be made except imder authority from the local fuel conmiittee. The recommendation was to the effect that local fuel committees might aUow domestic consumers to purchase coal in carload lots only where such domestic consumers resided at points where no regularly established retail coal dealer was in business. The United States Fuel Administration felt that this recommendation should not be adopted. On July 30, 1918, on request of the local fuel committee of Washoe County, a telegram was sent to the district representative of the United States Fuel Administration for Utah and Wyoming requesting that a certain coal company in another State be instructed to stop the practice of shipping coal to individual domestic consumers in Nevada. It appeared that this company was forwarding coal to all customers indiscriminately, and that therefore i the local fuel committees were forced to confiscate munerous shipments and turn them over to regularly estabUshed retail dealers. On August 2, 1918, the district representative stated that orders had been issued to this company to discontinue the practice complained of. DISTRIBUTION. PEIORITT REQUESTS. In the first instance all priority requests were sent directly to the United States Fuel Administration at Washington, and necessarily these requests covered the shipments needed by various conunimities and were not filed on behalf of individual dealers. This method of handling priority requests covered the period from October 16, 1917, to and including November 6, 1917. Thereafter during the winter of 1917-18 all priority requests were filed with the district car service bureau of Utah, and in most cases these requests covered the needs of individual dealers at various points in the State. After the naming of the district representative for Utah and Wyoming in the summer of 1918 all priority requests were filed with him. CARS TRACED. During the months of October, November, and December, 1917, the State administration was requested in so many instances to trace shipments of coal which were en route from Utah and Wyoming points to various towns in Nevada that it was necessary to issue general instructions to the committees and dealers asking them to endeavor to have their shipments traced by the local freight agents in their respective commimities rather than by calling upon the administration. However, in a number of instances the committees and dealers were unable to get information from their local freight agents, and therefore asked this office to assist. CONFISCATIONS. During the months of October, November, and December, 1917, a great deal of complaint was received regarding the maimer in which the Los Angeles & Salt Lake RaDroad Co. was confiscating cars of coal con- signed to dealers and industrials in Las Vegas, Tonopah, Goldfield, and other southern Nevada points. Under this heading we may properly refer to the fact that it was necessary in several instances for local fuel committees to confiscate cars of coal consigned to individual consumers, turning over such shipments to local dealers in the towns to which such coal was consigned. DIVERSIONS. During the fall and winter of 1917 the administration found it necessary to secure the diversion of several shipments of coal in order to reheve existing fuel shortages at various points in western Nevada. In addition to the actual diversions secured by action of the State administration, numerous shipments were voluntarily diverted by the Verdi Lumber Co., which operated coal yards at Reno, Fallon, Lovelocks FEDEEAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOES. 227 Winnemucca, Nenzel, and Elko. As Lovelocks and Elko suffered no shortage of coal whatever, this company- was enabled to divert a number of shipments consigned to its yards at those two points, forwarding the same to Keno, FaUon, and other western Nevada points. RETAIL GROSS MARGINS. On October 16, 1917, telegrams were sent to various district attorneys and other persons residing in the more important towns of the State requesting information as to the prevailing retail prices of coal in their respective communities. The prices quoted in this matter were practically the same as those later reported by the various local committees which were not organized on October 16. On November 13, after the local committees had been organized, similar information was requested as referred to in the preceding paragraph. In response to a telegram received from the United States Fuel Administration the Nevada administration advised that organization that no protests had been received from dealers or consumers regarding increased prices allowed by the United States Fuel Administration for coal f. o. b. Utah and Wyoming mines. At the same time the Nevada administration advised that it was not in a position to give its opinion as to the rea- sonableness of those prices for the reason that it had no information as to the basis upon which such prices had been established. In view of the fact that there was a great deal of complaint throughout the State regarding existing retail prices of coal, consumers alleging that they were too high, and also for the reason that under the margins made effective by the President's order of October 1, 1917, retaU prices appeared to be too high and did not work out uniformly as between dealers in the same communities, the State administration felt that a thorough investigation of all retail prices should be made. Therefore, on- January 2, 1918, a general hearing was held in the town of Winnemucca, Nev., at which were represented the dealers from various sections in the State, who gave testimony as to costs of carrying on their business, as to their investments, and what they considered as reasonable profits on the sale of coal. On the basis of this hearing, the administration issued its orders, effective January 21, 1918. In reaching a conclusion in this matter valuable assistance was rendered to the State administration by Mr. J. O. Hoover, an examiner of the Federal Trade Commission, who had been assigned to assist Federal fuel administrators in the Pacific coast territory. In -numerous cases it was necessary to modify these orders later so as to meet existing conditions in several of the communities. On January 26, 1918, a letter was received from the Utah Fuel Co. of Salt Lake City, Utah, stating that a number of the dealers were complaining to the company's representative regarding retail gross margins as fixed by the Federal fuel administration in Nevada. On January 28, 1918, the Utah Fuel Co. was advised that the complaining dealers should take up questions of this natiu-e with their local fuel committees instead of with mine operators, as such committees had full power to make investigations and recommend to the State administration readjustment in prices. In reply to the United States Fuel Administration's suggestion that retail gross margins be again investi- , gated and readjusted prior to the new coal year beginning April 1, 1918, a letter was addressed to that organi- zation on March 28, 1918, advising that retail gross margins at that time in effect in Nevada appeared to be satisfactory to the public and to dealers generally. However, the Administration was advised that local com- mittees were being instructed to look into the question. On May 4, 1918, a report was rendered to the United States Fuel Administration, bureau of State organi- zations, regarding gross margins in effect at all points in the State and also showing net profits allowed dealers in each community. In response to a telegram received from the Federal fuel administrator of California, a telegram was sent in reply on Jime 21, 1918, advising that the Nevada administration was opposed to allowing retail coal dealers to take advantage of increased freight rates by adding such increase to the price of coal on hand which had not been subject to such increased rates. This position was taken for the reason that dealers had already been authorized to add mine increased prices, which were to take effect July 1, 1918, by applying these prices on coal in storage at that time. In our report of August 31, 1918, reference was made to the fact that gross margins in effect at Eeno had again been taken up for consideration on receipt of an application from the dealers asking for an increase. On September 10 a letter was received from the United States Fuel Administration urging that no increase be allowed except after thorough investigation, as the margin of $2.55 per ton was considered remunerative. On December 2, 1918, a telegram was sent to the United States Fuel Administration lu-ging that organiza- tion not to withdraw regulations regarding coal prices at that time. This matter was further referred to in a letter addressed to the Administration at Washington under date of December 5, 1918, giving reasons for the position taken in the telegram of December 2, and asking that the regulation of coal prices be continued through the present coal year, namely, to March 31, 1919. 228 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. JOBBERS' MARGINS. In December, 1917, a letter was received by the Nevada administration from a certain company, a jobber of San Francisco, Calif., in which it was stated that the Federal fuel administration for California had recom- mended to the United States Fuel Administration at Washington that jobbers be allowed 30 cents per ton for handling coal instead of 15 cents per ton. It was also stated that the California administrator had advised this company to urge the Nevada administration to take similar action. In connection with this matter an endeavor was made to secure information concerning the costs of handling the Nevada business by this con- cern, but the company appeared to be unable to give anything of a definite nature along these lines. It was, therefore, impossible for the Nevada administration to make any recommendation whatever as it had no infor- mation to base a recommendation upon. It developed that the California administrator had not suggested that the Nevada administration be urged to recommend increases in jobbers' allowances. CLAIMS FILED AGAINST RAILROAD COMPANIES FOR LOSS OF COAL IN TRANSIT. Owing to the fact that dealers from all parts of the State were complaining bitterly regarding the manner in which railroad companies handled claims filed by such dealers for reparation on coal lost in transit by the railroads, a letter was addressed to the United States Fuel Administration under date of January 21, 1918, asking that this matter be investigated and that steps be taken to the end that railroad companies should be required to handle claims of this nature properly. It appeared that the majority of the claims were immedi- ately turned down by the railroad companies, while in some instances the claims were held from six months to over two years before adjustments were made, and in most cases the adjustments covered only a portion of the amounts which were justly due the dealers. The United States Eailroad Administration advised that this was a matter entirely within the jurisdiction of the Interstate Commerce Commission, which had adopted imiform rules and regulations covering the subject. In response to a letter received from the assistant district representative of the United States Fuel Adminis- tration for Utah, a letter was written by the Nevada administration on September 4, 1918, stating its position regarding tbe ruling of the United States Eailroad Administration with reference to coal losses in transit. This ruling was to the effect that parties shipping coal in open equipment should stand all losses of coal in transit either on account of pilferage or degradation, for the reason that jobbers were put to so much less expense in handling their coal in this class of equipment. The Nevada administration's position was that the ruling was absolutely unsound in its opinion, and the subject was dealt with to some extent in the letter referred to. On October 26, 1918, a letter was addressed to the San Francisco district freight traffic committee of the Eailroad Administration regarding the weighing of coal. Up to the time of closing this report, the adminis- tration has not been advised as to the disposition of this case. COAL RATES. At a conference held in Salt Lake City, Utah, on May9, 1918, between representatives of the bureau of State organizations of the United States Fuel Administration and various Pacific coast State fuel administrators the State administrator of Nevada made the statement that, in view of the long haul involved in transporting coal from Utah and Wyoming mines to Nevada points, the freight charges covering shipments of coal had a greater bearing on the ultimate cost of the commodity to the domestic consumer than any other individual item. In view of this fact, the bureau of State organizations was asked whether a State administrator had the right to give consideration to freight rates covering coal shipments into his territory, and if he felt that such rates were unreasonably high, whether the Administration would allow him to take the question up either formally or informally with the proper officials of the United States Eailroad Administration or the Inter- state Commerce Commission. A verbal ruling was received to the effect that action of this kind would come within the province of the State administrator's jurisdiction, as unreasonable freight rates would naturally produce unreasonable coal prices, which the United States Fuel Administration was supposed to regulate. On the basis of this ruling, an exhaustive study was made of the coal rate situation in the State of Nevada and as a result of this investigation, the State administration came to the conclusion that such rates were entirely too high. Therefore, under date of December 13, 1918, the question was taken up with the United States Eailroad Administration at Washington, which later asked the Nevada fuel administration to take the same mat- ter up with the San Francisco district freight traffic committee of San Francisco Calif. The United States Fuel Administration has already been furnished with copies of correspondence regard- ing this matter, together with copies of exhibits drawn up in this office, which covered the subject in as com- pact a manner as possible under the circumstances. At the time of closing this report this matter is still in the hands of the San Francisco district freight traffic committee, which is actively investigating it, and expects to reach a conclusion at an early date. As the State FBDBEAL FTJEI. ADMINISTBATOES. 229 administrator expects to receive his release March 25, 1919, he will at that time turn this question over to the State railroad commission or handle it as an individual if the United States Railroad Administration has not disposed of the case by that time. If the reductions asked for are put into effect, the saving to the domestic coal consumers in Nevada will amount to approximately $100,000 annually. liowever, it is not to be expected that the Railroad Administration wiU adopt all of the recommendations of the fuel administrator, and there- fore it is impossible to state what saving will accrue as the result of this case. CONSERVATION. For complete information regardiag this subject we respectfully refer to the report of this administration to the conservation division of the United States Fuel Administration, which is appended. In connection with conservation matters the Nevada administration on December 8, 1917, forwarded a telegram to the United States Fuel Administration recommending that "lightless night" orders be made effective in communities where electric power was generated by oils. This recommendation was made for the reason that at the time there was a threatened shortage of fuel and other oils along the entire Pacific coast region. The United States Fuel Administration later amended its "lightless night" orders in the manner suggested. On November 2, 1918, a telegram was sent to the United States Fuel Administration stating that the conservation of fuel resulting from the "lightless night" orders in Nevada was not very large and that the Nevada administration had no objection to the withdrawal of such orders. WOOD. We are submittiag below a record of the questions pertaiaiag to wood which affected the entire State. On November 13, 1917, a communication was addressed to the district car-service bureau of Utah, request- ing it to cooperate with the Nevada administration in securing sufficient railroad equipment to provide for the transportation of wood shipments from Westwood; Truckee, and Boca, Calif., and Verdi, Nev., to various Nevada points. The bureau assisted materially in this matter, and there were very few complaints regarding the inabifity of shippers to secure railroad equipment for this purpose. On November 24, 1917, a telegram was sent to the United States Fuel Administration at Washington, urging that organization to cooperate with the Nevada State administration in securing modifications of rules in effect which had been established by the Department of the Interior with respect to the cutting of wood on Government lands, in order to allow the greater use of such wood in western Nevada, an arrangement which would materially assist in relieving the existing fuel shortage. It was impossible to secure any substantial modifications in the rules and regulations established by the Department of the Interior, but agents of that bureau on the Pacific coast assisted in every way possible by giving information as to how this wood could be obtained by domestic consumers, and as a result of such assistance a considerable quantity of wood was cut and used for fuel purposes during the winter of 1917-18. On December 5, 1917, a complaint was received alleging that the Western Pacific Railroad Co. was burning old ties along its right of way in Nevada, while such ties could be utilized for fuel purposes in communities located on that railroad. On December 6, 1917, this question was taken up with both the Western Pacific Railroad Co. and the Southern Pacific Co., stating that the Nevada administration objected to the burning of these ties, as such action constituted a waste of fuel of which there was an existing shortage. On the same day a telegram was received from the Western Pacific Railroad Co. advising that instructions had been issued to section foremen to save aU old ties, and the Southern Pacific Co. advised that its old ties were not being burned, but were being used for power plants and stations, and section men were also using them for heating purposes. As a result of this action large quantities of old ties were utilized by wood consumers in districts located along the rights of way of these two railroads, thus conserving other fuel to quite an extent. On April 16, 1918, a letter was addressed to a certain man at Carson City, Nev., who had a large quantity of wood cut and available for sale in Douglas County. The Nevada administration understood that he was selling wood in both Douglas and Ormsby Counties and was holding this wood at extremely high prices. In this letter the administration strongly advised that the prices be reduced without the necessity of action, on the part of the administration. Later a conference was held with this gentleman, and although no definite agreement was reached as to the prices to be charged, it is understood that soon thereafter through action of the Ormsby and Douglas County committees such prices were reduced to a more reasonable basis. Owing to the large amount of wood cut in this section of Nevada during the year 1918, prices were necessarily reduced by wood dealers for competitive reasons. On April 22, 1918, a report was received from the Southern Pacific Co. showing the number of old ties located at the various points on this line in the State of Nevada, with the statement that the company was willing to sell these ties at a price of 5 cents per tie on the ground. This information was later transmitted to committees interested. 230 EEPOET OF ADMIinSTRATIVB DIVISION. On September 12, 1918, a copy of a letter which had been received from Mr. J. E. Hair, special agent of the General Land Office of the Department of the Interior, was forwarded to each local fuel committee with the request that it be given the widest publicity. This letter gave important information as to the manner in which people could obtain wood for fuel purposes from Government lands. EARLY BUYING AND STORING OF COAL. The State administration of Nevada and all local fuel committees used every effort during the spring, summer, and fall of 1918 to secure the cooperation of domestic consumers and dealers in buying and storing coal for the ensuiag winter. This campaign was carried on by using every means of publicity possible. The newspapers cooperated in publishing warning notices to the public; the posters of the United States Fuel Administration were posted in conspicuous places in every town in the State, and warning circulars were for- warded to every domestic consumer of coal in the State by the local committees. This last method, reaching each consumer individually, appears to have had the greatest effect. The campaign for early storing and buying of coal was an entire success. It is estimated that over 75 per cent of fuel consumers in the State had their winter's supply on hand by the 1st of November. The tonnage moving from Utah and Wyoming points was heaviest during the months of June, July, August, and September, if we except the month of January, 1918, when the very heavy movement is accounted for by the reason that there was a shortage in the move- ment during November and December, 1917, which was greatly increased in January, 1918. During the past winter the Nevada administration has received no reports of fuel shortage at any point in the State. In several cases individual dealers have asked for assistance in getting their shipments through, but no general shortage whatever has been reported. In connection with this subject a letter was written on March 30, 1918, addressed to the fuel administrator of Utah, in which it was stated that it was the purpose of the administration in Nevada to urge the early buying and storing of coal by both consumers and dealers, regardless of fluctuation in prices for coal at the Utah and Wyoming mines. This letter was written in response to a letter received from the Utah administration, sug- gesting that it appeared to be inadvisable to urge the early buying and storing of coal by consumers owing to the unstable conditions of mine prices in that territory. The Nevada administration felt that owing to the long distances over which coal had to be transported to reach Nevada points, regardless of prices existing in Utah and Wyomiag it was necessary to urge the early buying and storing of coal. On April 3, 1918, a letter was addressed to the chairman of the national council of defense for Nevada, requesting the cooperation of that organization in the campaign in the State for the early buying and storing of coal. The various county councils of defense cooperated heartily with the members of local fuel committees. DEVELOPMENT OF COAL PROPERTY. In the vicinity of Coaldale, Nov., which is some 30 miles west of Tonopah, there is located a coal property which various persons have been endeavoring to develop for the past 10 years. It appears that aU of the coal so far mined on this property has been of a very inferior quality and practically useless for heating purposes unless mixed with coal of better quality. However, it is believed that with development the quality of this coal will improve and also that the vein, which is a very small one, will enlarge. During the year 1918, in the month of May, a letter was received from a certain man in San Francisco, Calif., requesting information as to what price had been fixed by the administration for coal mined in Nevada stating that it was the intention of himself and several others to invest a large sum of money in developing this Coaldale property, but that before doing so aU interested desired information as to what allowances would be made by the administration in the matter of prices for coal f. d. b. mines Nevada. On May 15, 1918 this matter was taken up with the United States Fuel Administration with the recommendation that a price be fixed but action of this nature was not looked upon favorably by that organization. Considerable correspondence was carried on regarding this matter, but the proposed development of the property did not take place during the year. PATENTS. On request of two gentlemen of Carson City, Nev., a letter was addressed to the Commissioner of Patents at Washington on February 26, 1918, referring to an apphcation for a patent by the two persons named. They had apphed for a patent on fuel briquettes. In taking this question up, the Nevada administration simply requested the Commissioner of Patents to give this matter early investigation, stating that nothing whatever was known as to the merits of the briquettes for which a patent had been asked, but that as the question of fuel supply in the State of Nevada was of great importance, any patent which might be found of value and which would result in the manufacture of a cheaper fuel in the State would be of great importance. It is understood that a patent was given to these gentlemen during the summer of 1918. FEDERAL EUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 231 RELEASE OF RAILROAD EQUIPMENT. On January 10, 1918, a telegram was received from William Spicule, president of the Southern Pacific Co., asking the Nevada fuel administration to cooperate in every way possible in the campaign to secure prompt loading and unloading of raiboad equipment. In response to this telegram Mr. Sproule was assured that the administration would aid in every way possible. Shippers of Nevada were urged to cooperate with the Fuel Administration and the Railroad Administration in releasing railroad equipment in the shortest time possible, through a statement issued by this office which was given publicity in the newspapers of the State. The matter was also taken up with the local fuel committees, who were asked to get in touch with their dealers and carload consumers with a view to secm-ing the prompt unloading of equipment. In reply to a letter from Mr. J. D. Kenworthy, supervisor of coal traffic of the United States Railroad Administration at Salt Lake City, Utah, a letter was written on September 30, 1918, in which it was suggested that the Railroad Administration inaugiurate a system whereby a check could be placed upon cars which were loaded with coal and which were not being promptly unloaded. This letter was written in response to Mr. Kenworthy's request for cooperation in securing prompt loading and unloading of railroad equipment. The Nevada administration had received several complaints from local officials of the Southern Pacific Co. giving specific information regarding cases in which consignees had failed to unload coal within the free time allowed under the demurrage rules and regulations of the United States Railroad Administration. It was felt by the Nevada administration that a systematic method should be adopted by the Railroad Administration whereby a check could be kept of every car consigned to points in the State, and the consignee's attention could be called immediately to dilatory practices in loading or unloading cars by the forwarding of a personal letter from authorized officials of the Railroad Administration. On October 2, 1918, Mr. Kenworthy advised that the Nevada administration's suggestion had been acted upon and that copies of printed instructions to railroad agents were being forwarded to the administration for its information. RETURN OF OIL CONTAINERS. A campaign was inaugurated by the Nevada administration during the winter of 1917-18 for the purpose of securing the return of oil containers held by dealers and consumers in the State of Nevada. REPORTS TO UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION AT WASHINGTON, D. C. Reports were rendered to the United States Fuel Administration at Washington from time to time during the entire period of this administration's activities, and as that organization has a complete file of such reports, we believe it is unnecessary to reproduce them here. STATISTICS. The statistics kept in this office, relating particularly to the receipts of various classes of fuel at the several railroad points in the State, together with records of sales, receipts, and coal on hand by dealers, industrials, etc., are referred to on pages 13 and 14 of our 1918 annual report. All of these records will be found in the administration's files which are being forwarded to Washington. E. H. Walker, Federal Fuel Administrator for Nevada. Carson City, Nev., MarcJi 15, 1919. ACTIVITIES OF THE CONSERVATION BUREAU. CONSERVATION. The fuel conservation work in this State has consisted mainly in securing a greater use of wood as a sub- stitute fuel for coal and a greater use of screenings by industrials, thereby conserving run-of-mine and coal of prepared sizes, and utilizing a quantity of screenings which had accumulated at the mines in Utah and Wyoming. It has been our aim to impress upon the minds of domestic consumers the necessity of using less coal by a proper adjustment of the temperature of rooms which are generally overheated. All pamphlets fur- nished by your office relating to conservation methods which should be adopted by both industrial and domestic consumers have been distributed in such a manner as would, in our opinion, have the greatest efliect. Owing to the fact that there are very few industrials in Nevada which use coal in any quantity, it has not been found expedient to employ field men for the purpose of inspecting methods used by various plants in handling their fuel problems. From such investigation as has been made, it is believed that practically all plants are using every possible means by which fuel may be conserved. The very fact that the cost of coal 232 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. f . o. b. Nevada points is so high on account of freight rates in effect is an incentive to the operator of an indus- trial to equip, maintain, and operate fire boxes and boilers in the most economical and eflTicient manner possible. On "Tag-your-shovel day" the administration in Nevada secured at cost a moving picture film of the ceremonies which were conducted in the cities of Eeno and Carson, Nev. Among other things this film showed the tagging of the governor's shovel by school children of Carson City. This film was shown at all of the principal theaters in the State, and undoubtedly conveyed to the minds of the public the necessity of conserving fuel of aU kinds to the greatest extent possible. I have referred above to the greater use of screenings by industrials. This administration received infor- mation to the effect that at the Utah and Wyoming mines there was a large quantity of screenings on hand which could not be disposed of. As members of the United States Fuel Administration had made the state- ment that in order to insure an adequate supply of coal for all purposes in the United States for the coal year beginning April 1, 1918, and ending March 31, 1919, every pound of coal would have to be used, it was believed important that the screenings which were accumulating in Utah and Wyoming should be disposed of and used by industrials in lieu of run-of-mine or lump coal. In cooperation with this movement to secure the use of these screenings, the Nevada administration under date of August 17, 1918, addressed a circular letter to aU industrial concerns in the State which used coal in the operation of their plants, urging upon them the necessity of consuming screenings instead of run-of-mine or lump coal, if possible for them to do so. Plants which were using both screenings and run-of-mine or lump coal were requested to use a greater amount of screenings. As a result of this action, we find that on July 31, 1918, the average amount of screenings shipped to Nevada points was 13.3 per cent of the total coal tonnage forwarded to the State, while on October 1 this percentage had risen to 21.9 per cent. With respect to the use of wood as a substitute fuel for coal, we find that a number of communities located in districts where wood is available are now using wood entirely for fuel, whereas in preceding years consid- erable coal was consumed in such districts. From information available, I believe that, generally speaking, every community in western Nevada where wood is plentiful has greatly increased the consumption of that commodity, thereby releasing just so much coal for other uses. In connection with the wood problem, this administration has received the cooperation of members of the United States Forest Service, and it has also endeavored in every way possible to cooperate with that organization. In instances where the Government had confiscated wood illegally cut, this office has assisted the Forest Service in disposing of the wood through action taken by local fuel committees having jurisdiction over the districts in which the wood was located. The Forest Service has assisted consumers of wood in the State by giving aU the information possible to such consumers relating to their rights in the matter of cutting wood on Government lands. As already stated under the heading of "Wood prices," the administration has been greatly handicapped through not having the power to name maximum wood prices. In some communities the price of wood per cord has been nearly as high as the price of coal per ton. Where this condition exists, it is naturally a diffi- ciilt problem to convince fuel consumers to use wood in any very large quantities when coal can be secured at a slightly higher price. A cord of wood of the character generally produced in this section of the country is equal to only one-half a ton of coal. However, the local fuel committees have in some instances secured rea- sonable adjustments in wood prices, and where they have it is noticeable that much larger quantities of wood are being used now than has been the case in the past. In compliance with instructions issued in your Bulletin No. 92, of December 20, 1918, I beg to submit the following : (1) Stationary steam plants. — There is only one stationary steam plant which consumes any quantity of coal in this State. This plant is the Nevada ConsoHdated Copper Co., of McGill, Nev. Practically all other industrials in the State utilize 5,000 tons of coal per annum or less, or consume fuel oil in their operations Early in 1917, because of the scarcity of fuel oil for smelting purposes and the rising price, the Nevada ConsoHdated Copper Co. determined on installing a powdered coal plant, and in May, 1917, it entered into a contract with a company for the installation of a powdered coal plant system. The company was much delayed in obtaining material, but finally got started in the use of powdered coal, replacing fuel oil, in March 1918. Since that time it has been operating its reverberatories continuously with this fuel. The average consumption of coal, of which slack only is used, has been 500 tons daily, replacing approximately 1,750 bar- rels daily of fuel oil, so that from a conservation standpoint the company is operating the smelter with slack coal in Ueu of fuel oil, which can be conserved for the manufacture of gasohne, lubricants, etc. The change made has also reduced the calls for raiboad equipment necessary in the long fuel-oil haul from Bakersfield Calif., as most of the coal comes from Carbon County, Utah, less than one-half of the haul distance of the fuel oil. FEDERAL FUBI. ADMINISTEATOES. 233 The Nevada Consolidated Copper Co. is also planning on extending the use of powdered coal to its con- verters and roasters, but up to the present time has done nothing along these lines in the field. Minor changes have also been made looking toward a conservation of fuel, but such changes are relatively unimportant as compared with the above. In our annual report we stated that the average amount of screenings shipped to Nevada j)oints was 13.3 per cent of the total coal tonnage forwarded to this State on July 31, 1918, while on October 1 this percentage had risen to 21.9 per cent. Upon a further check of this matter we find that for the period July 15, 1918, to December 31, 1918, the consumption of slack in Nevada was 30 per cent, thereby showing that industrials in the State had greatly increased their use of this class of coal, releasing, therefore, just so much run of mine and lump for other uses. It is practically impossible to give an estimate of the amount of coal conserved by stationary steam plants, for the reason, as stated in our report, that all operators were using every effort to keep down the consumption of coal, which was naturally brought about on account of the high cost of the commodity laid down at points in Nevada. During the latter part of 1917 the administration in this State rolade a very careful estimate of the coal requirements for the State of Nevada for the year 1918. Our estimate was that the State would require 434,000 tons, this estimate including industrials, retail dealers, and some of the short-line railroads. In check- rug the movement for the year 1918 we find that the actual tonnage delivered at stations in Nevada, exclusive of coal for trunk-line railroads, was 448,000 tons, showing that 14,000 tons more were received in this State than the estimated requirements. All of the increased tonnage resulted from coal being received by indus- trials in a greater amount than had been figured on. We are therefore of the opinion that little or no coal was actually conserved by industrials during the year. (2) Domestic. — We estimate that there was a saving of approximately 6,000 tons in the use of domestic coal, o\\Tng to the fact that domestic consumers adopted methods urged by the fuel administration in the use of that coDomodity. (3) Saving from substitution of wood for coal. — We estimate that approximately 6,000 tons of coal were saved through the substitution of wood for coal. In this connection we find that a number of communities which usually received several carloads of coal per year receiv^ed none whatever during the year 1918, and upon inves- tigation it develops that wood was used for fuel. The above estimates on domestic coal and coal saved through the substitution of wood are based on the estimated requirements for the year 1918, as compared with the actual movement. Our original estimate was that under normal conditions domestic consumers would require from sixty to sixty-five thousand tons of coal for the year 1918. The actual toimage received by retail dealers and domestic consumers during the year 1918 was 48,500 tons. Therefore, basing our statement on our lowest estimate of 60,000 tonSj we believe that at least 11,500 tons of coal were conserved as a result of the administration's efforts. (4) Consolidation or interconnection of central stations. — No coal was conserved in this State under this heading. (5) Closing down of isolated plants. — No isolated plants were closed down in this State; therefore there was no conservation along this line. (6) Substitution of water power for steam power. — None. . (7) Street railways {sTcip-stop, etc.). — None. There are only two street railway companies operating in this State, one in the city of Keno and one operating between Reno and Sparks, Nov., both of which receive their power from the Truckee River General Electric Co., which uses water power in producing electrical energy. (8) Combination of artificial ice and refrigerating plants. — Owing to the limited number of ice and refriger- ating plants in this State, it was found impracticable to secure any conservation of coal by requiring such plants to combine in the manufacture of their products. Trusting that the above may serve as a report on the conservation work in this State, and that if any further information is desired you will call upon me, I am, Very truly, yours, E. H. Walker, Federal Fuel Administrator for Nevada. Caeson City, Nev., . February 20, 1919. 234 EEPOET OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. NEVADA. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. Name. From— To— Walker, E. H V V V V V V V V s V s s Sept. 29,1917 Dec. 7, 1917 Dec. 6, 1917 Dec. 4,1917 Dec. 5,1917 do do Dec. 7,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Sept. 21,1918 Dec. 1,1918 Oct. 29,1917 Apr. 5,1919 STATE AD-^ISOEY BOAED. Elko Elko Feb. 15,1919 Forster W D Goldfield.. Goldfleld Do. Griffith E W Las Vegas Las Vegas Do. Do. Carson City Do. Goodin, J. T Lovelock Lovelock Do. Jenkins, C. W.. McGlU McGill Do. STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Carson City, P. 0. box 494 Carson City Mar. 15,1919 Fletcher F N Director of conservation do Feb. 16,1919 Statistician do Telegraph and Elizabeth Streets.. 604 South Nevada Street, Carson City. Do. Miller Miss F M Private secretary. . .... do .. ...... Mar. 15,1919 FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES. Churchill: Dunbar, Dr. Edw. F., chairman. Bingham, E. L Williams, D. E Clark: Lillis, H. SI^ chairman. Elwell, W. H O'Leary, Danl. J Douglas: Boone, H. H^ chairman. Brown, Dr. F. T Montrose, Geo. A Farrer,T. G Elko (Deeth and east): Coryell, H. H^ chairman. Smiley, W. H Olmstead, Dr. A. G Wiley, W. M Elko (west of Deeth),: Eeinhart, E. chairman. McGintv, A. L Kappler, C. B Esmeralda: Ward, D. S., chairman.. Walther, J. O Damskey, Carl . Drabnick, W. B. (re- signed). Favier, F. E Eureka: Baile, J. B., chairman. . Lewis, F.'C Russell, W. H MoTerney, H. C Humboldt (east of Mill City). Haviland, C. E., chair- man. Brown, W. A Dutertre, Eugene Humboldt (Mill City and west): R'jsselljDr. J. A., chair- man. Kromer,J. W.,s6cretary Bible,!. H...' Lander: Blakeslee,W. W., chair- man. Ingram, J. H Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Fallon. ...do ...do Las Vegas., do ....do Gardnervilie . Minden Gardnervilie. do Wells Deeth Wells Metropolis . Elko do Carlin Goldfield.. do.... do.... do.... do.... Eureka.. do.. do.. do.- Wiimemaoca . ....do.... Golconda.. Lovelock.. .do. .do. Austin. do.. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From — Mar. 19,1918 Nov. 16,1917 Dec. 8,1917 Dec. 19,1917 Dec. 18,1917 Jan. 31,1918 Oct. 22,1918 Nov. 3,1917 Nov. 14,1917 Jan. 10,1918 Sept. 10,1918 Dec. 20,1917 Nov. 14,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 10,1917 do do May 2,1918 Nov. 15,1917 June 3,1918 Nov. 12,1917 do Nov. 15,1917 Dec. 2, 1918 Deo. 28,1917 Dec. 4,1917 Nov. 13,1917 Nov. 10,1917 Jan. 2,1918 Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 10,1917 do Aug. 5, 1918 Aug. 7, 1918 To— Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 15,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Sept. 9,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. June 4, 1918 .Do. Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Oct. 19,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COiraTT FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Lander — Continued. Acree,Bert Dyer,H. W Ingram, Bert Hiskey, J. M Lincoln: Roimow, Dan Riding, Geo. K Carman, A. A Ijyon: Pohe, H. S., chairman.. Van Alstine, W. H King, M.J Moslander, Ruth, ste- nographer. Mineral: White, J.H Burkham, C. B., secre- tary. Spencer, L. B Nye; Brown, R. Fred., chair- man. Kirchen,E. M Moore, S. R Ormsby: Kitzmeyer, G. E., chair- man, Chartz Jno. M Miller,E. W Adamson, L, E Storey; Wilson, Geo,, chairman. Drysdale, G, H,, secre- tary, Symmes, W Washoe: Alexander, W, B,, chair- man, Lucy, Nell, acting sec- retary. Robinson, R. L Cool, R. J., secretary Nagle, Walter H White Pine: Millard, Ed., chairman. Bartley.D, P Doyle, Geo Official station. Austin. . do.. do.. do.. Pioohe . . . CaUente. . Pioche . . . Yerington.. do Silver City. Yerington.. Hawthorne.. do Mina Tonopah. .do. .do. Carson City do do Kearns Bldg., Salt Lake City, Utah. Virginia City. . . do ...-do.. Reno... do.. Sparks . Reno... do.. Ely. .do. -do. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V Served. From- Aug. 7,1918 Dec. 14,1917 Dec. 12,1917 Dec. 17,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 24,1917 Dec. 17,1917 Nov. 10,1917 Nov. 12,1917 Nov. 28,1917 May 20,1918 Nov. 13,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 15,1917 Nov. 13,1917 do Nov. 10,1917 Nov. 9,1917 Mar. 6,1918 Nov. 9, 1917 do Dec. 17,1917 Dec. 14,1917 Nov. 12,1917 May 23,1918 Dec. 1, 1917 Nov. 14,1917 Nov. 10,1917 Nov. 27,1917 Nov. 13,1917 do , Mar. 19,1918 To— Feb. 15,1919 Aug. 7, 1918 Do. Aug. 5,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. June 18,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 4, 1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. DO. Do. Do. Do. Do. May 24,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do Do. NEW HAMPSHIRE. On January 1, 1918, the fuel situation in the State of New Hampshire was such as to cause serious concern to the State administration. Not only was there a shortage of anthracite coal available for domestic consump- tion, but the stocks of bituminous coal in the manufacturers' hands were rapidly becoming exhausted and there was grave danger that many plants would be obliged to suspend operations, thereby throwing operatives out of employment in the winter season and interrupting the production of material much needed for the suc- cessful prosecution of the war. It also appeared entirely probable that some of our public utihties might be obliged to suspend, and even the State institutions were dangerously short of coal. Through a liberal use of authority permitting State fuel administrators to take coal in transit, our State institutions and public utihties were taken care of, and coal was diverted from industries not in extreme need to those in actual need. Through the generous assistance of Mr. Storrow, the New England fuel administrator, om- situation was helped by tidewater shipments. A spirit of cooperation existed among the manufactiu'ers, and too much credit can not be given to the men who shared their fuel supplies with those less fortunately situated and thus assisted in keeping plants in operation until relief could be obtained. The order issued by the United States Fuel Administrator on January 17 last was the one outstand- ing feature that afforded permanent relief to the New Hampshire situation. Owing to the distance from the mines— we are practically at the end of the line — and with the congestion that existed on the railroad, coal was not moving fast enough to meet current requirements and the reserve supplies were rapidly approaching the vanishing point. On February 1, a slight improvement was noticed; the railroad congestion apparently was decreasing, as coal began to move more freely into the State, and for the most part our industries were able to operate con- tinuously thereafter. To increase the supply of fuel for domestic consumption, an intensive campaign was used to stimulate the cutting of wood. "Cut a cord of wood" clubs were organized in every community where possible. To offset the shortage of labor the services of students in high schools and academies were enlisted. A very hearty response was given to the effort made to have men cut wood in the days of enforced idleness in January and February. The net result of the movement was the cutting of thousands of cords of wood, which reheved the anthracite situation very materially. BITUMINOUS COAL. At the beginning of the present coal year there was probably less coal in storage in New Hampshire than for many years past. Manufacturers were urged to purchase the smaller or steam sizes of anthracite to use with bituminous coal and were given an opportunity to pm-chase supplies of so-called box-car coal, of which the New England fuel administration was able to arrange for a very considerable tonnage for New England's use. During the summer bituminous coal moved very freely into the State, and, as a consequence, the situation gradually became normal, and every industry obtained ample supplies for all needed requirements for the coming winter. ANTHRACITE COAL. Because of the unusual severity of the winter there was practically no anthracite either in the dealers' hands or in the consumers' bins on April 1, 1918. Our allotment of domestic sizes of anthracite was 375,000 tons, an increase of about 5 per cent over the 1916 receipts, but a decrease of 10 per cent from the tonnage received in the year 1917. The supply of anthracite actually available for consumption this winter is less than for several years. Because of the limited allotment, considerable anxiety was experienced. It was felt that a severe winter would bring a repetition of last year's experiences. The cutting of cordwood to take the place of a possible shortage of anthracite was m-ged with gratifying results. A State wood survey was made and the quantity of cord wood available for reshipment to other com- munities was ascertained and plans made to ship wood to communities in which a shortage of fuel was likely to develop. The public was instructed how to burn soft coal in heaters and kitchen ranges, and, with the mild winter experienced to date, it is felt that the situation is well in hand. 235 236 BEPORT OF ADMINISTEATIVE DIVISIOIT. Expenses from January 1, 1918, to December 31, 1918 (with December estimated): Salaries $4,564.00 Travel ^06. 61 Services other than personal ^' ^^^- °^ Supplies 10^-33 Equipment 396. 85 Rent : 490.08 Respectftdly submitted. Manchester, N. H., December 10, 1918. 7, 338. 71 HovEY E. Slatton, Federal Fuel Administrator for New Hampshire. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Title. Ofi3cial station. Home address. Volun- teer or s»Iary. Serred. Name. From— To— Floyd, Charles M. (re- signed). Slayton, H. E. (successor) State fuel administrator 829 EJm Street, Manchester do. . Manchester V V V V V V S S V V S Sept. 29, 1917 Aug. 21,1918 Oct. 1,1917 do do do Oct. 8,1917 Nov. 1,1918 Sept. 6,1918 Apr. 1,1918 Oct. 8,1917 Sept. 1,1918 Deo. 12,1917 Oct. 1, 1917 Aug. 21,1918 do . do Mar. 25,1919 STATE ADVISORY BOARD. Floyd, CM Aug. 21,1918 Hill, James W do.... do Feb. 15,1919 StaiT, William J.. do do Do. Slayton, H. E ...do do Aug. 21,1918 STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Clark, Reed Paige.. Executive secretary Mancliester. . . . Londonderry Dec. 31,1917 Mar. 25,1919 Mar. 1,1919 do do 356 Manchester Street, Manchester. Manchester Diman/ Walter G Director of conservation . do TTirst:, fr-rlgnr C Director of wood fuel. Concord . Concord. Feb. 15,1919 Feb. 24,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Fox, Sarah B StenoErraDher . do 35 High Street, Manchester S 136 Myrtle Street, Manchester S Lemire, Marie Louise Clerk". . do ... Jan. 21,1919 Aug. 31,1918 ....ido FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. DISTEICT FUEL COMMITTEES. District No. 1: Shurtleff, Merrill, chair- man. Beattie, Ralph Turner, George H Lombard, Darwin- Boucher. Joseph P. Price, Wm. E. Gosselin, Chas. E Smith, F. Henry District No. 2: Sulhvan, Edmund, chairman. Edward, James H Murray, James M McHugh, Thos. H District No. 3: Mudgett, Herbert S., chairman. Wyman, WiUiamM Pitman, WiUiam District No. i: Jaclcson, Harry B., chairman. Murray , Claude M Williams , Frank B Burton, Harry B Davis, Charles S Jacobs, Rowland B KibUng, George H Parker, G.H District No. 5: Towne, Omar A., chair- man. Cavis, GeorgeB Blanchard, Hiram R District No. 6: Young, Oscar L., chair- man. Fowler, F. W., chair- man. Official station. Lancaster. Bath Bethlehem. Colebrook. . . Groveton... Lisbon , Littleton Whitefleld.. Berlin , do..., do..., Gorham., Intervale.. .do., .do.. Iiebanon. Canaan Enfield Hanover Lebanon do Lebanon(West), Hanover Franklin. Bristol. Tilton.. Laconia do , Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 16,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ...-do ....do ...-do ....do ....do ....do .-.-do -.-.do ..--do ----do ----do ----do ----do ----do ..--do --.-do -...do To— Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. DISTEICT FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. District No. 6 — Continued. Ayer, Frank M Fiaeld, Arthur S Lyford, John H Rowe, Clarence E Hewitt, Charles Atkins, Charles F McLean, Richard J : Gordon, Wilbur C District No. 7: Abbott, Sewall W., chairman. Merritt, Harry T Sanborn, Herman H Brackett, Ferris L District No. 8; Tenney, George A., chairman. Fry, Thomas W Maynard, Frank P Davidson, James W Sargent, Calvin Jolmson, Perry A Whitney, William A District No. 9: Hodman, Bums P., chairman. Hill, EdsonJ Riley, William H Jones, J. Arthur District No. 10: Fowler, George W Rogers, Harry K Jenkins, Frank S District No. 11; Bradbury, Fred A,, chairman. Roberts, Wm. H Clifford, Henry H Paine, Ralph D Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Alton Ashland Belmont.. - Laconia Meredith-- - Orford Plymouth.. Warren Wolteboro.. .---do SanbomvUle - ----do Claremont., do do Charlestown-- New London-, Newport Sunapee , Concord., ----do ..--do HopMnton,, Suncook., .---do Pittsfleld., Dover.. do.... do..-. Durham - V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 16,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do To- Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDEBAL FUEL ADMINISTBATORS. NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 237 Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To- From— To- DISTEICT FtTEL COMMITTEES— continued. District No. 11— Continued. Leith, Luther P Durham Farmington Rochester Salmon Falls... Somersworth... Keene V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Y V V V V V V V Oct. 16,1917 do do do do do do do do Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. DISTRICT FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. District No. 16— Continued. Warren, BurttE Maynard, Franlc W Nashua.. . .. do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Oct. 16,1917 do do do do Oct. 16,1918 Sept. 20,1918 Nov. 1,1918 Sept. 30, 1918 Oct. 25,1918 Sept. 30, 1918 Sept. 20,1918 Oct. 4, 1918 Oct. 7,1918 rch. 15,1919 Do. Parker, Samuel S Cooper, Burt R .... do Do. Grant, Gardner Whitnev Jas F do Do. Stevens, Sidney F District No. 12: Kingsbury, Robert T., chairman. Hubbard, Walter M District No. 17: Slayton, Hovey E., chairman. DISTEICT CONSEEVATION ENGINEERS. Patterson, Ralph, chairman. Manchester Berlin Do. do .TnrdftTi, TvhoTTiHR "R do District No. 13: Peaslee,B. D., chairman. HiUsboro do Mar. 1 1919 Charlestown... Concord Dover Do. Antrim East Jaflrey.... Peterboro Portsmouth Oct. 16,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Jan. 31,1919 ■RnrliTi, TTpTirv A Holman. Ansel Mar. 1, 1919 Wells, Harry A Hanover Meredith Manchester Portsmouth.... Walpole Ashland Bristol Jan. 31, 1919 Nichols, MaunceH Hewitt, Charles District No. 14: Smith, Harold A Mar. 1,1919 Taylor, H. Clinton, r,h(iirTnaTi. Flanagan, Thomas F Clarke, Alfred Do. Jan. 31,1919 Rnnnny William TT LOCAL INSPECTORS. Fifield, Louis G ... Tobey ,' Herbert L Farmer, Walter B Burrowes, Perley H Hampton Hampton Falls. New Market... Plaistow Portsmouth do Jan. 31 1919 Wentworth, M. Kimball Merrill, Charles N Do. Law, Thomas W Holdsworth, F. D Claremont Do. Cater, William J Viles.E. L Do. District No. 15: TWilfmrl Whalley , George H Enfield Franklin Hanover Lebanon Manchester .... do Do. Ordway, Frank W., Martin, W. H Do. chairman. Amherst Brookline Greenville Milfnrd Rogers, P. C... Do. Dodge, Charles P Towle, Fred W Do. Mat^hall^ TTHTTy RTTiith, T>a.Tiiel Oct. 1, 1918 do do Do. Gainev, Henry P Do. Mallalipn, Tarpfts A . , . Coen, John ... do Do. do Foster, E.J Plymouth Rochester Salmon Falls... Somersworth... Do. Cheever, Harold Wilton "K'RTiTlisoTij Tvnry Do. District No. 16: Nashua Do. Norton, Walter F., Mason, Jolin R Do. chairman. NEW JERSEY. Part 1— ORGANIZATION. It was your pleasure to appoint me United States fuel administrator for the State of New Jersey on the 19th of November, 1917. As soon as practicable thereafter, I appointed seven gentlemen to serve with me in an advisory capacity. To carry on the work and to represent me throughout the State 17 gentlemen were appointed as county administrators. Each of my county administrators has been assisted in the performance of his duties by a county committee of from 3 to 10 members comprising in all some 90 appointees, who have been associated with me in my work, exclusive of those connected with the conservation bureau to the number of 100. Mr. "William F. Hoffman, of Newark, N. J., has been associated with me as my personal advisor and repre- sentative since the date of my appointment, and he was formally appointed deputy fuel administrator for New Jersey on November 13, 1918. At this point I wish publicly to acknowledge the great debt of gratitude which I owe to all of those who, at a heavy personal sacrifice, have given freely of their time and energy in the faithful performance of an arduous task. The personal staff connected with the State office has gradually increased from our small beginning, until at the present time I have associated with me six gentlemen who carry on the routine work of the office. These are the executive secretary of the administration, the director of anthracite distribution, the representative of the War Department, the office manager, and the administrative engineer or acting chief of conservation. Part 2.— ACTIVITIES DURING 1918. Unfortunately, New Jersey was one of the last States to organize a fuel administration and, in consequence, the situation both in regard to domestic and steaming coal was complicated during the rigorous winter of 1917-18. Remedial measures of a drastic nature were immediately put in force to prevent, in so far as possible, real suffering on the part of the public. And, while the margin was at times exceedingly close, none of our manufacturing plants was forced to close, and a real coal famine was averted. Early in 1918 it was obvious that the scarcity of anthracite coal would continue to exist throughout the period of the war, and in order both to meet the existing shortage and to insure the equitable distribution of the domestic sizes for household consumption a card system of orders was inaugurated in the city of New Brunswick in February, 1918. Subsequently the same system was put into effect throughout the State, so that all orders placed with dealers since April 1, 1918, have been regulated in this manner. The introduction of the card system, taken in conjunction with the fixed prices on the various sizes of anthracite, has been a very effective check on the retail dealers, and it has aided us materially in distributing our allotment so that every household has received at least the first ' ' third " of its annual requirements before any other has been permitted to secure 100 per cent of its winter supply. In regard to the bituminous situation, I beg to report that our factories have been able to secure adequate supplies since the restrictions regarding the number of days of coal in storage have been removed. The conservation activities of the United States fuel administration for New Jersey will be found in a separate report appended hereto. Part 3.— FINANCIAL REPORT. I beg to present at this point a very condensed report of the cost to the Government of the United States fuel administration for New Jersey. For the five months ending November 30, 1918, our expenses have been as follows: Payroll j5^018 I^ent 759 Miscellaneous expenses 2 019 Total expenses for counties g 007 Total 11,123 which is well within our amiual State appropriation of $40,000. 238 FEDEKAL FUEL ADMINISTRATOBS. 239 Part 4.— PRESENT ACTIVITIES AND GENERTO. OBSERVATIONS. At the present time our efforts are principally directed toward securing an adequate supply of the domestic sizes of anthracite for household consumption. We have received to date approximately 60 per cent of our requirements, viewing the State as a whole. I have, however, been assured by the members of your staff that have, the anthracite situation in hand that New Jersey will now receive a more continuous stream of anthracite than has been the case to date, and that we may rest assured that New Jersey will ultimately receive its full quota. In the interim we shall endeavor to "level the pUe," so that those communities which have up to the present received less than their due proportion will be adequately cared for. Oni bituminous department is at present concerned principally with the checking of bills for coal diverted by the fuel administration, so that no shipper will suffer a financial loss on such coal. Finally, I respectfully urge that certain departments of the United State fuel administration for New Jersey be continued in ofB^ce until April 1, 1918. In this connection, I have particular reference to the anthracite department ; and I will urge also that a maximum price on anthracite coal be kept up, as any relaxation in our activities at this time will inevitably lead to unfair distribution, to profiteering, and to ultimate suffering on the part of the public. And last of aU I beg to acknowledge the high honor which you have paid me in appointing me to this position of trust and responsibiUty during a period of national stress. Respectfully, yours, Richard C. Jbnkinson, ■Federal Fuel Admiinistrator for New Jersey. Newark, N. J., December 26, 1918. REPORT OF CONSERVATION, JULY 3, 1918, TO DECEMBER 19, 1918. It is our intent in this report to state very briefly the activities of this office without comment or criticism of related branches of the National Administration either in their pohcies or activities, even though such may have affected the results which have been attained by the conservation bureau of New Jersey. We also wish to emphasize the fact that no exaggeration of the savings accomplished will be permitted to creep into this report. And lastly it is our desire that due credit be given the United States fuel administrator for New Jersey for the large savings accomplished by his unaided efforts before the formal inception of this bureau. Part 1. The first problem confronting us was the organization of managers throughout the State to represent this office in promoting the conservation of fuel. To this end an advisory board of seven was first appointed, all of whom are gentlemen of national prominence, whose duty it has been to advise us on all matters pertaining to the activities of the bureau. District representatives of conservation to the number of 17 were then appointed to represent this office in various districts throughout the State. All matters bearing on the conservation of fuel are imder the direct supervision of these gentlemen. Acting under the district representative and reporting through him to the State conservation office, groups of inspecting engineers were appointed to the number of 92. Ninety per cent of these gentlemen are graduate engineers. The duty of these groups was to inspect every plant within the State using 100 tons of coal or more per annmn to check the condition of its equipment, and methods of operation, and to make such recommendations to the owner as they saw fit, and finally to see that such recommendations were carried out. The above scheme of organization has worked well in New Jersey. All educational work with the manufacturing interests in the State has been handled direct from this office, as have also all pubUcity involving the substitution of fuels and all public utility interests. A r^simie of these activities, financial statements, and the present trend of conservation efforts will be found listed below. We wish particularly to emphasize at this point the receptive attitude of all interests with which we have come in contact, and to acknowledge our indebtedness to those who have donated the services of their most 240 REPORT OP ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. valuable men in the interest of fuel conservation, at a time when every effort was being made to get out a large production from war plants. The services of these gentlemen at a conservative figure represent in normal times about $50,000. The direct salaried expenses in the State of New Jersey have been the salary of the administrative engineer and his secretarial assistant. Part 2. — ^Activities — Results — Financial Statement. 1. Factory campaign. — This was conducted principally through questionnaires, inspection, and educa- tional propaganda, 3,801 questionnaires being sent out and 855 returned to the State office. All of these plants were personally inspected as outlined in part 1. 2. Skip-stop. — This system was installed first on the public-service system by the State fuel administrator in April, 1918. Subsequently it was adopted by the other systems in the State and has so far met with great success. 3. lAghtless nights. — The national orders from the United States Fuel Administrator were followed in both the letter and the spirit by the citizens of New Jersey with very little friction. 4. Electric light, power, and gas. — Leaflets were placed on the bills for electric light and electric power and gas urging conservation and describing how this might be accomplished. This action was taken by 80 per cent of the companies in the State serving 95 per cent of the consumers. Leaflets as described were distributed to the number of 2,000,000. 5. Ice. — ^Meetings were held with the ice manufacturing interests in the State. This resulted in the clos- ing down of many plants, the trade being supplied by adjacent plants or by natural ice. Much was accomplished in this connection, although the actual saving is difficult to estimate, as most of the savings would have accrued diu^ing the winter and spring months, and now that the supply of steam coal is adequate the same necessity for saving does not exist. 6. Water-saving campaign. — ^Leaflets were attached to bills by the water companies of the State other than those that supplied water through a gravity system. Sixty-five companies cooperated in this manner dis- tributing 300,000 leaflets and 3,000 large posters. 7. Electric poiver. — (A) A committee composed of Army, Navy, Emergency Fleet Corporation, and the Fuel Adniinistration representatives held many meetings with the regional advisor of the War Industries Board to determine ways and means of increasing the available supply of electric power in New Jersey. Many schemes were considered but nothing was accomplished. (B) An investigation was inaugurated to increase the available power supply by improving the power factor of the larger systems in the State. This work is still being conducted by the engineers of the public- service corporation. (C) Several plans of interconnection of systems were carefully studied, none of which materialized due to the necessity for such interconnection no longer existing. 8. Conservation of domestic sizes of anthracite. — ^A great amount of effort has been expended in substituting coke, bituminous coal, and the smaller sizes of anthracite for the restricted sizes wherever possible. This work has been done by inspection, educational propaganda in the daily press, and restrictions imposed by the State administrator on the restricted sizes; we feel that this work has been highly productive of results. 9. Wood. — Educational propaganda has been conducted throughout the rural sections of the State by the State forester attached to the board of conservation and development of New Jersey, to stimulate the cutting and use of wood as fuel. 1. Factory campaign: Savings. Actual $150, 000 Estimated 50, 000 2. Skip-stop, actual 75^ 000 3. Lightless night (i) 4. Electric liglit, power, and gas (i) 5. Ice 5, 000 6. Water 10, 000 7. Substitute for domestic sizes (i) Total 290,000 1 No estimate possible. FEDERAl, FUEL, ADMINISTRATORS. 241 Financial statement. — The cost for the bureau of conservation of New Jersey has been jointly charged to the State appropriation for the New Jersey fuel administration and the conservation division of the Fuel Administration, Washington. Wasliington (5 months): 1. Administration engineer $1, 250 2. Secretary 325 1,575 3. Expenses 141 4. Questionnaires, 10,000 (estimated), 1.5 cents 150 Total 1,866 New Jersey (5 months): 1. Rent, $22.50 112 2. Stationerj^ (estimated) 100 3. Telephone 150 Total 362 Grand total , . 2, 228 All other expenses involving conservation have been donated. And we again wish to acknowledge our great debt to manufacturers, merchants, newspapers, and all others that have given of their time and energy without stint. Part 3. At present, acting under orders from Washington, w6 have discontinued all of our activities except the conservation of the domestic sizes of anthracite. This campaign should, in our opinion, be pushed until there is an absolute certainty that no suffering wiU exist duriug the present winter due to lack of coal. To this end a plan has been recently proposed to stimulate the cutting of wood. This will apply to the rural sections of the State only. Kespectfully submitted. W. V. A. Kemp, Administrative Engineer for New Jersey, Acting CTiief of Conservation. Approved : Richard C. Jenkinson, Federal Fuel Administrator for New Jersey. Newark, N. J., December 23, 1918. NEW JERSEY. Name. Title. JenMnson, Eichard C STATE ADVISOEY BOAED. Hoffman, Wm. F Campbell, Palmer Cooke, Fred W Badden, Chas. K Memory, Samuel Gr . . Saunders, William L. White, Allen K state fuel administrator. Chairman. STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Hoffman, William F Barradale, E.M Bell,AlbertT Price, W. Scott Blake, Clarence S . White, J. B Brohm, Wm. J Kemp, W. Van Antwerp. Pullman, F. Cooper Riemer, Joseph Ardrey, Elsie M Bass, Nathalie Davis, Kose M Ehlers. Elinor Johnston, Edith G Deputy fuel administrator. Executive secretary Director, hotel conservation. Hotel inspector-engineer Director of enforcement District representative, conser- vation. Office manager Administrative engineer Assistant Inspector Stenographer — do do Executive clerk. File clerk Official station. Ordway Building, Newark. , Newark. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. Newark. do.. Atlantic City.. do Newark... PlaLnfleld. Newark. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. Home address. Hotel Robert Treat, Newark .52 Lafayette Street, Newark Hoboken 384 Broadway, Paterson Camden 786 Broad Street, Newark Plainffeld Marlborough-Blenheim, Atlantic City. 52 Lafayette Street, Newark 129 Second Street, South Orange. . Hotel Chalfonte, Atlantic City 512 North Michigan Avenue, At- lantic City. 786 Broad Street, Newark 315 Stelle Avenue, Plalnfleld 17 Leslie Street, Newark U High Street, Orange Wyncote, Pa 801 South Eighth Street, Newark. . 106 Prospect Street, South Orange 38 Bel levil le Avenue, Newark 122 Rose Terrace, Newark 214 Handy Street, New Brunswick 163 Voss Avenue, South Orange. . Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V V Served. From— Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 21,1917 Nov. 26,1917 Dec. 4,1917 Nov. 30,1917 Feb. 4,1918 Nov. 26,1917 Nov. 28,1917 Aug. 30,1918 Nov. 26,1917 Mar. 1,1919 Oct. 10,1918 Nov. 1,1918 Oct. 21,1918 Sept. 11,1918 Jan. July Jan. Feb. Dec. July Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. 4,1918 25,1918 16,1919 1,1919 17, 1917 1,1918 19,1918 23,1918 24,1918 6,1918 To— Mar. 31,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Mar. 31,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 15,1919 Jan. 31,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 7,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Deo. 16,1918 Dec. 28,1918 Nov. 30,1918 Deo. 16,1918 122602—20 16 242 REPOET OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. NEW JERSEY— Continued. Name. STATE OFFICE PEK30NNEL- continued. Levy, Gayle Lj'noh, Edith E McCarthy, Agnes R Metzger, Helen T Meyers, Anna T Qutnn, Helen C Randolph, Margaret M. Schiff , j'rances Stewart, Juliaette Williams, Gladys COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES. Atlantic and Cape May: Busby, Walter J Shreve, Jolm G Massey, William E Nichols, George Myers, Jacob C Bergen: Piatt, Dan yellows. Abry, Paul A Brohel, Jos. A..". ... Fake, uuv L White, Edward T.. Fake, Elmer Alyea, Jane B Van Abater, Mrs. Mary. Burlington and Mercer: Broughton, John S. Howe, Walter B Maddock, Wm. B Hiliman, Geo. H Rauth, Chas. R Camden and Gloucester: Staats, Walter J Baird, David, jr Levering, J. Walter. .. Ashton, Geo. M Moflett, Louis B Middleton, Edw. M... Cumberland and Salem: Minch, Bloomfleld H.. Esibill, Charles P Marshall, Charles V . , . Plummer, Wm Sutton, Edith L Essex: Ward, Robertson S. . Carroll^ ohn Good, Herman Smith, H. Stacy Valentine, D. A Essex (cities of Newark andlrvington'): Hines, Henry C Conkling, William J.. Davies, X. B Denithome, Albert. . . Decker, A. W Kinsey, Charles W . . . McFadden, Jos. P Ross, Robert L Chambers, George M . Schafler; Mary B Callan, George D Scheer, Lillian M Essex (the Oranges): Bailey, William H . . . Langhome, Jno. T. (successor). Balch, Edw. C, jr.... Hanchettj Miles A . . . Holmes, A. H., jr Matthews, Alfred H.. Salmon, George G Spottiswoode, Geo. E McLaughlin, Helen . , , Essex (cities of Nutley and Belleville): Lux John P Banta, H. Fred Post, J. Frank Essex (cities of Montclair and Glen Ridge): Dodd, Louis F Connor, James H BlondeL John J Davis, Howard B Ogden, Fred J Hudson: Fall, Charles Aimett, Charles E Berger, Julius Lassen ,V Menegeaux, Louis (de- ceaset'). Holmes, Henry H Title. Stenographer (emergency) . Stenographer Clerk Stenographer Telephone operator Stenographer ....do ....do Fiieclerjc Stenographer Chairman E xecutive secretary . Chairman . Clerk Stenographer. . Clerk Chairman . Chairman . Clerk and typist. Office manager.. - Chairman Office assistant. Chairman Interpreter. Chairman . Stenographer.. Inspector Stenegrapher. . Chairman. do Stenographer.. Chairman. Chairman. Chairman. Official station. Newark . ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ...-do.. ....do.. do.. ....do.. do.. Atlantic City. do Ocean City Cape May courthouse . Atlantic City Englewood. . Ramsey Hackensack. Rutherford. . Ridgewood... Rutherford. . do ....do Trenton. Princeton Trenton Mount Holly. Burlington. . . Camden do Haddon Heights . Swedesboro Camden do Bridgeton. Millville... Vineland. . Quinton . . . Bridgeton. Newark. do... do... do... do... .do. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do.. East Orange. ....do West Orange. do East Orange.. Orange South Orange . Orange do Nutley Delawanna. . BelleviUe Montclair . . do do Bloomfleld. do Hoboken Bayonne Jersey City. . . Weehawken. , Union Jersey City.. Home address. 98 Quitman Street, Newark 37 Huliyer Street, Orange 157 Westfleld Avenue, Elizabeth. 378 Elm Street, Newark 338 Washington Avenue, Newark 67 Avon Avenue, Newark 720 Summer Avenue, Newark — 336 Belmont Avenue, Newark 16 Highland Place, Maplewood. . 7 Clinton Avenue, Maplewood Hotel Dennis, Atlantic City do Eighth and Central Avenue, Ocean City. Cape May courthouse Hotel Chelsea, Atlantic City Englewood Ramsey Courthouse, Hackensack . Rutherford Ridgewood Rutherford do do United & Globe Rubber Co., Tren- ton. Princeton Trenton Mount Holly Burlington Camden do Haddon Heights Swedesboro 607 North Third Street, Camden . . 149 East Main Street, Moorestown. Bridgeton. . Millville.... Vineland. . . Quinton . . . Bridgeton. . Volun- teer or salary. Newark 52 Lafayette Street, Newark Frelinghuysen Avenue, Newark, 565 Ferry Street, Newark 126 Broad Street, Newark 810 Broad Street, Newark Essex Building, Newark High Street, Newark 48 Congress Street, Newark High Street, Newark 602 Broad Street, Newark 492 Clinton Avenue, Newark . . 13 Bridge Street, Newark 790 Broad Street, Newark 500 Summer Avenue, Newark. Police headquarters, Newark. 810 Broad Street, Newark. . . East Orange 18 South Clinton Street, East Orange. Park Avenue, West Orange Valley Road, West Orange. . . . 532 North Grove Street, East Orange. Freeman Street, Orange Valley Street, South Orange Essex Avenue, Orange 65 North Seventh Street, Newai'k . 162 Market Street, Paterson . Delawanna Belleville Montclair 85 Walnut Street, Montclair. .... 98 Glen Ridge jivenue, Moutclafr 36 Broad Street, Bloomfleld 550 Bloomfield Avenue, Bloom- fleld. 1400 Washington Street, Hoboken 29 West Eighth Street, Bayonne 351 Central Avenue, Jersey City. 2 Clifton Avenue, Weehawken 422 Lewis Street, Union. 280 Garfleld Avenue, Jersey City. V V V V V V V V V . V V V V V V V V V s s V V V V s V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Aug. 28,1918 Apr. 6, 1918 July 29,1918 July 8, 1918 Dec. 10,1917 do Jan. 16,1918 Jan. 2,1918 Aug. 19,1918 Sept. 9,1918 Dec. 12,1917 July "1,1918 do Nov. 29,1917 Dec. 3,1917 ....do do Apr. 26,1918 Deo. 18,1917 ....do Oct. 7,1918 Nov. 30, 1917 Dec. 5,1917 -...do ....do ....do Dec. 10,1917 Dec. 12,1917 -.-.do --..do Dec. 20,1917 May 15,1918 Deo. 11,1917 Deo. 24,1917 .do. .do. .do. Dec. 2, 1917 ....do ....do ....do Jan. 2, 1918 Mar. 13,1918 ....do Oct. 1,1918 Mar. 13,1918 ....do ....do ....do ....do -.-.do Nov. 26,1917 Jan. 14,1918 Oct. 25,1918 Mar. Aug. 13,1918 12,1918 Mar. 21,1918 -...do -...do ....do ....do .-..do Sept. 16,1918 Mar. 13,1918 ....do do Mar. 8, 1918 do do do do Dec. 4,1917 Dec. 21,1917 Jan. 26,1918 Dec. 21,1917 do do To— Aug. 30,1918 Aug. 31,1918 Oct. 31,1918 Jan. 31,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Sept. 28,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Sept. 5,1918 Sept. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 23,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 31,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Da Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 12,1918 Do, Do. Do. Jan. 4,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Oct. 1,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. May 24,1918 Oct. 27,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Aug. 12,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 FEDERAL, FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 243 NEW JERSEY— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. COUNTY rUEL COMMIT- TEES — continued. Hudson— Continued. Scribner, Frank Walsh, Daniel B Kopf, MetaA Minturn, Franklin. . . Sinclair, L. P Loasby, Charles Schmidt, Anita Hunterdon: Fulper, William H. . . Case, W.J Foltz, Andrew Haynes, John C Niece, Chester A Case, W. W Middlesex and Somerset: McConnicfc, Chas. A . . "Watson, Russell E. (successor). Ramsay, Oliver W. . . Anness, Frederick F . Baremore, John H . . . Beekman, J. H Brower, Clarence L. . Clayton, Daniel W . . . Ely, Andrew Fountain, Robert F.. Hansen, Abel HoweU, William G... Kerr, Alfred T WilUams, H. D Stryker Paul V Board, Lewis Barnwell, Helen C. . . Kewish, William... Wilson, Washington Wilson, H. F Monmouth: Doremus, Newton Ackerson, Henry E., jr. Conover, Clarence Ralston, J. M McCue, Charles Veeder, David A... Wooley, Marshall. . Sickles, Katherine. Doughty, Marian. . Holmes, George H. Morris: Hoagland, Mahlon (deceased). Sturgis, D. Farrand.. Duckham, Wm. H Fleming, Capen A Jenkins, Edward Mutchler, J. W Passaic: Keams, Wm. H Boyle, David (de- Corfain, Arthur S Fletcher, Andrew F.. Ryan, James J Sussex and Warren: Dutcher, E. Merriam. Taylor, Harvey E.i.. Edsall, T. D Lawrence, Fred W... Rosenkranz, J. V Salmon, F.W Smith,!). L. B...... Smith, Robert M Wills, Samuel Dawes, Theo. B Fox, B.Frank McMurtie, G. K Pursel, E.D Thatcher, J.R Homer, Mary E Smith, George W Florey, T.J Nutze, F. T Weller, J. E Union: English, John K Hyer.FredC Renny, John J Rogers, George T Sefton, William lIcManan, Anna M. . Witte, Elsie... Wnson, H. F. Title. Stenographer Assistant and inspector . OlEce manager Stenographer do Chairman. Accountant . Chairman . ...-do.... Stenographer,. Special representative. Chairman Stenographer-. do Chairman. /Member- -- \Chairman- Chairman- Chairman- Assistant.- Secretarial assistant . Chairman. Elizabeth . Rahway. . Plainfleld. do.... Elizabeth . Stenographer do Oflicial station. Jersey City . Harrison . . . Hoboken. . , ....do ...-do ....do ....do Flemington... ....do Lambertville. . .\rmandale Frenchtown. . . ....do Now Brunswick.. ....do Perth Amboy Woodbridge Jamesburg Sayreville Roosevelt Cranbury Dayton South River Metuchen New Brunswick. South Amboy Dunellen Bemardsville... New Brunswick. do Elizabeth. Red Bank. Keyport. .. Freehold Asbin:y Park. Lakewood Toms River. . Long Branch - Red Bank.. .. do Toms River. . Rockaway. ^Morristown. Madison Dover do Boonton Paterson . ....do... Passaic... Paterson . Passaic.-. Newton Washington Hamburg Sussex Franklin Stanhope Branohville Sparta Andover Blairstown Hackettstown Belvidere Phillipsburg Washmgton Newton Phillipsburg Washington.. Stewarts ville. .do. Special representative. .do. .do. Home address. Ul Sanford Place, Jersey City 30.5 North Fitth Street, Harrison . Hoboken do 22 Adelina Place, North Bergen . . West New York, N.J Hoboken Flemington . . . do Lambertville. . Annandale Frenchtown. . . ....do New Brunswick 43 Paterson Street, New Bruns- wick. Perth Amboy 89 Green Street, Woodbridge Jamesburg Sayreville Chrome Cranbury Dayton South River Metuchen 238 George Street, New Brunswick. South Amboy Dunellen Bemardsville New Brunswick 43 Paterson Street, New Bruns- wick. Broad Street, Elizabeth. Red Bank 10 Front Street, Keyport. East Main Street, Freehold Merchants National Bank, As- bury Park. Lakewood Toms River Long Branch Shrewsbury Red Bank :, Ocean County Trust Co., Toms River. Rockaway Morristo^vn . Madison. . .. Dover do Boonton Paterson Park Avenue, Paterson. 230 Boulevard, Passaic . - Ward Street, Paterson - . Quincy Street, Passaic. - Newton Washington Hamburg Sussex Franklin Stanhope Branchville Sparta Andover Blairstown Hackettstown Belvidere Phillipsburg Washmgton 12 Walker Street, Newton.. Phillipsburg Washington.. Stewartsville . 207 Broad Street, Elizabeth Rahway Plainfleld 44 Myrtle Avenue, Plainfleld Elizabeth 340 Westminister Avenue, Eliza- beth. 573 Monroe Avenue. Elizabeth. . . Broad Street, Elizabeth Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— V V s s V V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s s V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s s V Dec. 21,1917 do Dec. 15,1917 do do Jan. 19,1918 July 16,1918 Dec. 29,1917 July 1,1918 Jan 11,1918 Jan. 10,1918 Mar. 9,1918 Dec. 3, 1917 Apr. 6, 1918 Sept. 5,1918 Sept. 17, 1918 do Sept'.'ii.'igis do do do do do Jan. 1,1918 Sept. 17,1918 Dec. 15,1917 Apr. 1,1918 July 18,1918 Dec. Jan. 11,1917 9, 1918 ....do Dec. 17,1917 ....do Apr. 1, 1918 Dec. 17,1917 Jan. 5, 1918 Nov. 1, 1918 Dec. 17,1917 Dec. 6, 1917 /Dec. 15,1917 lApr. 19,1918 Deo. 15,1917 ....do Oct. 14,1918 Dec. 15,1917 Dec. Jan. 4. 1917 2. 1918 -do. .do. .do. Deo. 3, 1917 do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Aug. 26,1918 do Dec. 17,1918 Dec. 3, 1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do do ....do Oct. 1, 1918 Dec. 3, 1917 Jan. 11,1918 June 10,1918 July 18,1918 To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Feb. 16,1918 15,1918 15. 1918 18,1918 28. 1919 Jan. Aug. Feb. Feb. Dec. 31,1918 Dec. 21,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Apr. Sept. 1,1918 1,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 22,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Aug. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Nov. 6,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Oct. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 15,1918 Nov. 3, 1918 Apr. 19,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Oct. 1,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Jan. 20,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. May 25,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 28,19U 1 Resigned to enter Army. NEW MEXICO. Former Administrator McDonald died during the month of April, 1918. My appointment as his successor was made effective in the month of June following. Since the organization of the Federal fuel administration, however, I had been serving in the capacity of chairman of the State advisory committee and, at the date of my appointment, I was not unfamiliar with the duties of an administrator and the rules and regulations of the United States Fuel Administration. A district representative and a production manager for this State were not appointed until the month of August of this year. Prior to that time the functions of these officials had been performed to a great extent by the Federal administrator, and the result was that the administrator found it necessary to devote more attention to the problems of production and distribution than to any other; and it was not until the appointment of the officials mentioned that the administrator was able to devote as much attention as he desired to the problems of the domestic consumer. At no time, however, was the latter neglected. Even after the appointment of the district representative and the production manager, it was necessary for the administrator to render considerable assistance in matters coming rather directly within the jurisdiction of the production manager. At the request of the latter and of the various operators in the State active campaigns were conducted by the administrator for the purpose of increasing production. The latter was called upon in every instance to settle! labor disputes and, in fact, the administrator was accorded a moral authority by the operators, jobbers, retailers, consumers, and miners that actually did not have a legal existence. The district representative and production manager in this State are very patriotic and competent citizens having a thorough knowledge of the coal industry. They have performed their duties very conscientiously. The efforts of the fuel administration to increse production have not been unsuccessful. We estimate that this State will have an increased tonnage of some 600,000 tons over that of the year 1917. During the summer an intense campaign was conducted for the purpose of encouraging production. As a part of this campaign, the governor and the chief justice of this State accompanied me on a trip, during which the principal mines were visited. The effect of this trip was apparently very beneficial. Meetings were held at all mines of importance addresses were made to the miners, and personal interviews were given to those desiring them. Frequent trips have been made at the request of the various operators since the occasion mentioned. Not all of these trips brought about the entire results hoped for. However, the production was considerably increased as a result of the campaign. In accordance with the instructions received, additional investigations during the month of January were made of the mining costs. During these investigations the administrator and the advisory board had available more exact and detailed information than had ever been accessible at any time before. The results of these investigations were to recommend material reductions in certain mine prices in force in this State at that time. These recommendations were practically identical with those set out in your order of April 1 of this year. The question of mining costs is one that occupied the attention of the entire administration of this State to a great extent during the early part of the administration. From time to time the administrator has been confronted with what would seem to have been serious labor conditions. Only one strike, however, has occurred during the calendar year, and the questions at issue during the strike were quickly adjusted. The bona fide organizations of the United Mine Workers of America were apparently all disposed to observe the letter and spirit of the agreement existing between that organization and yourself. There was reported to us from time to time by the Department of Justice the existence of certain active organizations of the I. W. W. and kindred sort at various mines in this State. The existence of these bodies gave considerable concern, not only to the operators, but to the administrator. At only one time however, did these bodies give apparent indications of a desire to cause trouble. In this connection I desire to state that the Federal fuel administration has at all times had the hearty and active support of the United States Department of Justice in this State. Not only has this department kept the administrator advised of any information which it felt was of interest, but active assistance was rendered in the making of investigations of violations of the fuel regulations. Especial thanks are due to the agent in charge of the United States Department of Justice in New Mexico, Mr. M. H. Diaz. An active educational campaign directed from Washington has been conducted throughout the entire State in the interests of conservation. Conservation has been perfected during the past 12 months to a degree unknown in this State before. It is somewhat difficult, however, to secure the efficient conservation practiced in the States having a severe winter climate. The domestic consumers in this State observed the injunctions of the fuel administration in regard to storing coal with great care. The situation as it exists in this State to-day is such that one-haK of the consumers stiU have on hand of the supply purchased during the storage season sufficient to fill their needs until the middle of 244 FEDERAL, FUEL ADMINISTEATORS. 245 the month of January. The director of conservation has been materially assisted by the voluntary services of the dean of engineering of the State College, who has served the fuel administration in the capacity of admin- istrative engineer. The gross retail margins first effective in this State were established by former Administrator McDonald as effective February 1, 1918. On the whole, these margins were very satisfactory, especially when it is considered that they were established with very little exact information available. An examination of the costs of retailers who had operated under these margins for some months subsequently indicated that in some instances the margins were excessive. Consequently, upon the 1st of October, 1918, an order reducing the gross retail margins in practically every county in the State was issued. There has been no considerable dissatisfaction with these margins. It is not improper to state in this report that the fuel administration in this State has been conducted at a minimum of expense. Until the first of this month, handsomely appointed offices had been donated for the use of the administration by the United States marshal. Prior to that time no expense, with the exception of the purchase of suitable filing cases, had been incurred for office furniture or fixtures. The salaried employees of the Federal fuel administration have never exceeded three in number, and for the greater part of the time there have been only two. The salaries paid have in no instance been excessive. The State advisory committee has held frequent meetings and given considerable time to the problems of the administration, and it has been necessary to reimburse only one member of this committee for his expenses. The county committees have incurred practically no expense. In each instance offices and office materials have been donated by the members of the committee for their important work. The travel expenses incurred in administering the affairs of the fuel administration have been somewhat large, owing to the fact that it is necessary to travel great distances in this State. It has been necessary, from time to time, for the administrator to have close relations with the adminis- trators of Colorado, Texas, Arizona, and California, and occasionally with the authorities of the Kepublic of Mexico. The reason for this was due to the fact that the coal produced in this State was largely used in the States mentioned. The relations with these administrators have been most amicable, and there has existed a spirit of hearty cooperation upon the part of all. Please accept my sincere thanks for the hearty and efficient support which you have given the administra- tion in this State at all times. KespectfuUy submitted. John W. Pob, Federal Fuel Administrator for New Mexico. AiBUQTJEEQUE, N. MeX., December 21, 1918. ACTIVITIES OF THE CONSERVATION BUREAU. Owing to the problems peculiar to New Mexico the Federal fuel administrator deemed it best to combine with his other functions that of director of conservation. The actual appointment of such director was not made until the month of August, 1918. Prior to this appointment, however, the conservation work had been conducted under the direction of the Federal fuel administrator. A variety of conservation problems are presented in New Mexico. The State has an area twice the size of New England and nearly three times the size of Pennsylvania. The northern half of the State has rather a severe winter cUmate, the snow remaining on the ground throughout the winter. The southern half has a climate which is much milder. However, the fuel problems in that part of the State are fully as acute as in any other section, owing to the utter absence of coal and to the lack of any considerable quantity of wood. The northeastern quarter of the State contains a wide strip of territory in the eastern half which is absolutely without any fuel resources of any kind. The population of the State which numbers approximately 450,000 is largely dependent on coal for fuel. The number of industrial plants which consume coal in large quantities is limited, the greatest consumers in this class being the large mines and smelters. Consequently the problem of conservation among the domestic consumers was the most vital. Immediately upon the organization of the Federal fuel administration in this State an educational cam- paign directed from the office of the Federal fuel administrator, and conducted largely through the county fuel committees, was initiated. Considerable quantities of conservation literature and posters were distributed throughout the State. An active campaign in the interest of conservation was conducted in the newspapers. The newspapers contributed freely of their space for this purpose. This statement applies to those papers published in Spanish as well as those in English. Contests which would promote conservation were conducted among the school children of the State. In the last-mentioned propaganda these contests were held imder 246 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. the supervision of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction and of the various county superintendents. Members of the clergy also contributed their services to this work. Competent translators also furnished their services freely in translating pamphlets and literature that were to be circulated among the Spanish-speaking population. The practice of strict conservation was made necessary by the problems of transportation rather than by any arising from the supply of coal. The principal fields are located in the extreme northern portion of the State adjacent to the Colorado line. In order for coal to reach consumers, in many sections of this State it is frequently necessary for it to be transported a distance of over 600 miles by railroad, over mountains and roadbeds where traffic conditions are as difficult as any existing in the country. The coal has to be hauled over mountainous passes which are frequently closed by snow during the winter. The shortage of rolling stock and equipment which was felt so severely throughout the country during the past 14 mon'ths made it extremely necessary that there should be a saving of car mileage, time, and expense, if possible. Another reason for the practicing of strict conservation by consumers in New Mexico was the fact that a part of California, the State of Arizona, western Texas, and northern Mexico depend upon the New Mexico fields for their fuel supply. Coal destined for these States must be hauled still greater distances under added difficulties. Consequently it was recognized at the outset that the less burden put upon the railroads by the local consumers the greater would be their opportunity for supplying the needs in adjacent States. With the assistance of the United States Forest Service an active campaign for the substitution of wood for coal was conducted. In this campaign the assistance of the officials of the General Land Office was also obtained. Orders were issued by district supervisors and by the Chief of the Field Division, General Land Office, which made it possible for consumers to obtain wood from the national forests and from the public lands of the United States at a minimum expense. Data showing the most economical woods to consume and the points where they could be most effectively secured were furnished by the Forest Service for the benefit of the consumer. Early last fall the services of the dean of engineering at the State Agricultural College were secured in the capacity of administrative engineer. Dean A. F. Barnes is eminently qualified for the position for which he was selected, and he immediately began investigations which resulted in a saving of fuel by interconnection of electric plants, and the use of water power as a substitute for power generated by coal; and he was preparing to make a personal investigation of the situation at the capitol and other buddings of our principal State insti- tutions with a view of increasing fuel economy, when it became apparent that active work in regard to con- servation was no longer necessary. In compliance with the instructions contained in your circular of December 20, 1918, an estimate of the amount of fuel saved under the various subheads furnished in that circular is submitted as follows : Tons. 1. Stationary steam plants 11, OOO 2. Domestic 26, 000 3. Saving from substitution of wood for coal 3, oOO 4. Consplidation or interconnection of central stations None. 5. Closing down of isolated plants None. 6. Substitution of water power for steam power None. 7. Street railways (skip-stop, etc.) None. 8. Combination of artificial ice and refrigerating plants 1, 000 Total 41, 000 EespectfuUy submitted. John W. Poe, Director of Conservation for New Mexico. Albuquerque, N. Mex., February 4, 1919. NEW MEXICO. Name. McDonald, Wm. C. Poe, John W STATE ADVISORY BOARD. Hanna, Eichard H., chair- man. Kelley, Harry Risdon, W. W Poe, John W........ Title. State fuel administrator State fuel administrator (suc- Official station. Albuquerque. do Santa Fe. Las Vegas Albuquerque. do Home address. Albuquerque. Roswell Santa Fe Las Vegas — Albuquerque. Roswell .,.,., Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V Served. From— Oct. 24,1917 June 4, 1918 Nov. 20,1917 do do Nov, 1, 19X7 To— Apr. 11,1918 Apr. 6,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 To. Do. Jtine 4, 1918 FEDBRAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. NEW MEXICO— Continued. 247 Name. STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Yoimg, 'Donald \V Barnes, -\. F Pritcliard, John O.... Bacon, Mike Blessum, Jessie Tavid, Mary H Tavis, Lois A DcsGeorses, Frank.. Franko, Josephine . . . Keleher, W. A Lea,J.S Momett, Ruth E Richardson, Don. .V. Senecal, Arthur .V — Szymanski, Lottio . Winn, John W Title. Executive secretary and di- rector of enforcement. Administrative engineer i'irector hotel conservation. .. . . Janitor Stenographer do do do do Publicity Private secretary Stenographer.. ."- .do Clerk Janilress . Ofllcial station. Albuquerque.. State College . . Clovis Gallup Albuquerque. - do do Gallup do Albuquerque. do Gallup Albuquerque . do .do.. Home address. \. M. C. .\., Albuquerque.. State Collogc Clovi.s Gallup 407 North Fifth St., Albuquerque Savoy Hotel, Albuquerque Cyntniana, Ind Gallup do Albuquerque Y. M. C. A., Albuquerque Gallup Roswell 911 West Central Avenue, Albu- querque. 113 Marble Avenue, Albuqiicrque Volun- teer or salary. S S& V S s s S * V s V Served. From- Nov. 17,1917 Sept. Nov. Sept. Nov. Jan. June Aug. Sept. Jan. Sept. Oct. May Sept. 21,1918 12,1918 1,1918 26. 1917 10, 1919 14,1918 24,1918 3,1918 16. 1918 16,1918 14, 1918 24, 1918 4,1918 Pec. 15,1918 To- Mar. 18,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 lo. Jan. 2, 1919 Jan. IS, 1919 Mar. 16,1919 Aug. 21,1918 Fee. 26,1918 Do. Mar. 1,1919 Jan. 4, 1919 Dec. 24,1918 Sept. 21, 1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. FUEL COMMITTEES. Xame. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. COUNTY FtTEL COMMITTEES. Bernalillo: Hemdon, J. B., chair- man. Reynolds, J.N McDonald, D. F Chaves: Cahoon, E. A., chairman. Baker, Clark A Losey , George W Colfax: Shuler, J. J., chairman. . Shaw, Thomas Whited,C. A Curry: Dennis, Chas. E., chair- man. Ramey, Cash Craig, M. M De Baca: Eariekson, O. B., chair- man. Fuller, Henry S Allen, John W Dona Ana: Seale.C. T., chairman. .. Bradford, W. R., chair- man (successor). Cox, W. W Rodxigues, D. E Eddy: Thome, Richard M., chairman. Keinath, A. C Arthur, L.W Grant: Gilchrist, J. B.,chauTnan Wilson, Percy Morrill, Chas. B Guadalupe: Smith, H. V. B., chair- man. Casaus, J. M Melvin, John W lA_ I/Ove, Florence, chairman Eaves, J. S Morton, .\sa B Lincoln: Campbell, H, S., chair- man. Da.vson, H. B , ohair- I.una : N'ordhaus, M. A man. Cotton, Chris Foulks, Ed McKinley: Smalling, T. F., chair- man. Cotton, C. N Allison, F. J Mora: Opden, Irvin, sr., chair- man. Mores, Vinconte Martinez, Epimenio — Albuquerque... do do Roswell ....do Hagerman. Raton ....do do Clovis. . .do... .do... Fort Sumner.. .do. .do. Las Cruces . ....do do. Telles . . Carlsbad . Artesia.. Loving.. Fierro Silver City. do Santa Rosa. . . -do. .do. Lovington. do do Carrizozo. . Wichita Falls, Tex. Deming. .do. .do. Gallup. do.. ....do.. Roy Wagon Mound . ....do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 16,1917 Jan. 1,1918 ....do Dec. 4, 1917 Jan. 1,1918 ....do Nov. 20,1917 Jan. 1, 1918 ....do Dec. 3, 1917 Jan. 1,1918 ....do.. Dec. 3, 1917 Jan. 1,1918 ....do Nov. 28,1917 Jan. 1, 1918 do do Nov. 26,1917 Jan. 1, 1918 do Nov. 21,1917 Jan. 1,1918 do do V ..do.. V do V do \ do . . V do V Jan. 12 191S V Jan, 1 1918 To- Nov. 27,1917 ..do... ..do... Nov. 20,1917 .do... .do... Dec. 19,1917 .do .do Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. Mar. 1. 1918 1. 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do, Do, Do, Do, Do. Do. Name, COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Otero: A^'arren, V,\ E., chair- man. Pratt, R. R Renshaw, W. R Quay: Pearson, Lee G., chair- man. Eitzen, Walter J Cisco, Cliff Rio Arriba: Chiles, W. D., chair- man. Montoya, J. D Rueth, R. 1' Roosevelt: Oldham, ^\'. O,, chair- man, Williamson, G. M., chairman. l>ong, J. S Hoagland, E. E Sandoval: Seligman, Julius, chair- man, De Baca, Marcos C Castillo, .'\ntonio San Juan: Atteberry, J. P., chair- man. Taylor, Elmer F Abrams, H, D San Miguel: Murphy, E. G., chair- man. GoodelLIC D Mills, Byron T Santa Fe: MuIIer, Fred, chairman. . Winters, T. Z Doyln, E. P Sierra: McPherson, Guy, chair- man. Cooper, Will Opgenorlh, I^enry Socorro: Baldwin, Lee, chairman. Paschal, R. B Torres, Adolfo Taos: Lewis, I'^red, chairman. . Dunn, J. H Rinker, J. P Torrance: Stubbleficld, J. L., chairma^n. Fincke, H. J Walters, L, R I'nion: Rixey, T. H,, chairman Wade, Georj-'p I^ Branson, J, F Valencia: Otero, Ed. .chairman. . . Chavez, Jose G ]3ecker, .John, jr Official station. .VlaraoLordo.. ....do.... ....do Tucumcari. ....do Nara Visa. Espanola. . Chamita. . ...-do Portales ....do .do. .do. Bernalillo . .do. -do. Farmington. Kirtland . Aztec. . . . Las Vegas. . .do. .do. Santa Fe.. ....do.... ....do... Hillsboro. . .do. .do. Socorro . . . . Ifelly Magdalena. Tros Piedras. Taos Trcs Piedras. Moriarty. Encino... Clayton ...Ido Des Moines. Los Luiias. do Belen . Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Dec. 3,1917 do ....do Dec. 24,1917 ....do ....do Jan. 1,1918 ....do ....do Dec. 5,1917 Nov. 11,1918 Jan. 1, 191S ....do Jan. 16,1918 ....do ....do Jan. 1,1918 ....do ....do Nov. 26,1917 do do Nov. 17,1917 do do Jan. 1,1918 do do Nov. 30, 1017 do do Jan. 12,1918 do do Jan. 4,1918 do .....do Oct. 12,1917 Jan. 1, 1918 do ,Tan. 10,1918 Jan. 1,1918 do To- Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov, 11,1918 Mar. 1, 1(119 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do.' Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. NEW YORK. The Federal fuel administration was instituted in the State of New York by the appointment of Mr. Albert H. Wiggin as Federal fuel administrator in October, 1917. At that time no organization had been provided and the duty of creating such an organization for the entire State feU upon his shoulders. Pursuant to instructions from Dr. Harry A. Garfield, United States Fuel Administrator, county admiuis- trators were selected and appointed by Mr. Wiggin for every county of the State, and an advisory committee was formed, consisting of Messrs. S. E,. Flynn, Charles E. Robertson, V. P. Snyder, G. M. D'ahl, and Clark Williams, to which, subsequently, were added Messrs. Joseph A. HaU and J. R. Peters. Before this organization was completed the unusually cold winter of 1917-18 set in. A violent snow storm occurred about the middle of December, accompanied by very low temperatures, which not only caused much suffering throughout the State, but completely blocked transportation for several days. This severe weather continued practically without cessation for more than two months, the temperature upon the unloading docks on the New Jersey shore running at times as low as 20° below zero. Very early in the life of the administration it became evident that a complete program of conservation had to be adopted in order that as much coal as possible might be saved to make up for the loss of that which was not being received. A conservation committee was thereupon appointed, of which Mr. Harry T. Peters was made chairman. This committee immediately framed rules for the saving of coal in office buildings, hotels, and apart- ment houses. By special arrangement with many of the cities throughout this State, municipal lighting was ciirtaUed. A special committee was also appointed, of which Mr. George D. Pratt was made chairman, for the investigation and study of the question of conservation of coal by the use of wood as fuel. The situation finally became so desperate in this State, as well as in other States along the eastern seaboard, that the Fuel Adminis- tration in Washington promulgated the "fueUess Monday" order of January 17, 1918. An order of this kind had never been promidgated by any authority in this country. It could not have been enforced, since its terms were so drastic, by the administration or by the civic authorities had it not been for the patriotic and unselfish action of the people in this State who were desirous of complying to the utmost degree with the terms of this order although such compliance meant severe financial loss to many. Comparatively few violations were reported and very few of these were of a willful character. The problem of taking care of the consumer in New York City who does not buy until the advent of extremely cold weather, and then only in small quantities, was one which also had to be solved by the administration without having any precedent upon which to rely. By voluntary arrangement with the principal shipping companies in this city, a "pool" was formed under the supervision of Mr. Reeve Schley, the New York County fuel adminis- trator, and Mr. E. Halsey Malone, the assistant New York County fuel administrator, by which 20,000 tons per week were shipped to the retail defers in Greater New York, subject to the orders of the United States Fuel Administration. The coal so shipped was sold by the retail dealers at the yards or to the peddlers or cartmen, and was by the latter distributed among the three thousand odd coal cellars in the various boroughs of the city. In aU, 417,290 tons were so distributed under the general supervision of the Federal fuel administration. Many offices of the fuel administration were opened throughout the city, and a large number of city employees, donated for the purpose by the city administration, were used in supervising the peddlers and cartmen. Although the winter of 1917-18 was almost unequaled in its severity, the price of coal was generally main- tained at a low level, and no riots or disturbances were reported, although in the city of New York in the pre- ceding year, with far less severe weather, coal riots had taken place. Many times during last winter the coal on hand at various hospitals and other pubhc buildings did not exceed a few hours' supply, but no institution or hospital was required to shut down by reason of its failure to receive coal. Bituminous coal was largely used in the month of February to avert disaster. The State office was organized by Mr. Charles E. Robertson having supervision of the distribution of anthra- cite throughout the State other than New York City; Mr. J. R. Peters, and subsequently Mr. Joseph A. HaU, having supervision of the distribution of bituminous coal throughout the State, and Mr. E. B. Gordon, in charge of the general question of price regulation, and subsequently of the bituminous distribution. Mr. Delos W. Cooke was appointed Federal fuel administrator for New York on July 23, 1918, and upon assuming his duties proceeded to get in touch as promptly as possible with the members of the organization created by his predecessor, Mr. Wiggin. No praise is too high for the members of that organization. The response to Mr. Cooke's request that they carry on, despite the trials of the fearful winter of 1917-18, was practically unanimous. And a convention of all county administrators v^^as held at the assembly room of the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York 248 FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 249 on August 15, for the purpose of more completely organizing in advance for the coming winter. As a result of this conference the State organization was divided into five county groups, as f oUows : Group 1, of which Mr. Reeve Schley is chairman, is composed of the following counties: New York, Bronx, Kings, Queens, Richmond, Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, and Rockland. Group 2, of which Mr. Albert E. Cluett is chairman, is composed of the following counties: Putnam, Orange, SuUivan, Dutchess, Ulster, Columbia, Greene, Rensselaer, Albany, Schoharie, Schenectady, Montgomery, Fulton, Saratoga, Washington, and Warren. Group 3, of which Mr. Eliot Spalding is chairman, is composed of 15 counties, as foUows: Broome, Delaware? Otsego, Tioga, Chemung, Schuyler, Tomp]s:ins, Cortland, Chenango, Madison, Cayuga, Onondaga, Herkimer, Oneida, Oswego. Group 4, of which Mr. Mortimer R. Miller is chairman, is composed of 15 counties, as follows: Monroe, Wayne, Orleans, Niagara, Genesee, Ontario, Seneca, Yates, Livingston, Wyoming, Erie, Chautauqua, Cattarau- gus, Allegany, and Steuben. Group 5, of which Mr. Edward N. Smith is chairman, is composed of 7 counties, as follows: Hamilton, Essex, Le^^■is, Jefferson, St. Lawrence, Franklin, and Clinton. The chairman of each group was invited to become a member of the executive committee of the State admin- istration, holding weekly meetings in New York. Mr. Cooke arranged to visit Washington on Wednesday of each week, taking up at Washington headquarters all matters affecting the situation in New York State. Group conferences were held throughout the State weekly or semimonthly, and executive committee meet- ings were held at State administration headquarters on Friday of each week. In this way it was possible to dispose promptly of all questions arising between the county. State, and National administrations. This plan was most successful from the beginning. In order that the administration of the State fuel matters might be expeditiously handled, an entire floor of a new loft building at 149 Fifth Avenue was leased, and the following organization was set up: Delos W. Cooke, Federal fuel administrator for the State of New York; Reeve Schley, assistant fuel admin- istrator for New York (in addition to his general duties for the State he is chairman of group 1 and has direct supervision of the fuel situation throughout Greater New York); Mercer P. Moseley, assistant fuel adminis- trator for New York, having entire charge of publicity and conservation; Harry T. Peters, executive assistant; Mr. Andrew K. Morris, manager anthracite distribution (he has charge also jointly under the National Fuel and Railroad Administrations, of the operation of coal docks west of the Hudson River); Mr. Herman E. Miller, manager bituminous distribution; Mr. J. Homer Flatten, assistant manager bituminous distribution; Maj. Howard S. Bowns, representing the Quartermaster's Department with respect to fuel necessary for military pm-poses; Mr. C. A. Graves, administrative engineer; Mr. James J. Peppard, office manager; Mr. J. E. See, assistant ofl&ce manager; Mr. G. E. Smith, accounting officer; Mr. C. R. Wright, of the Federal Trade Board, in charge of prices and margins. The executive committee for the State consisted of the following members: Chairman, Delos W. Cooke; vice chairman. Reeve Schley; executive assistant, Harry T. Peters. Members of committee: Mercer P. Moseley, Mortimer R. Miller, Albert E. Cluett, E. N. Smith, J. F. Bermingham, F. E. Gunnison, Ehot Spalding. The allotment of anthracite for the coal year, April 1, 1918, to March 31, 1919, of approximately 16,000,000 tons, having been made by the anthracite committee with headquarters at Philadelphia, a subdivision by communities throughout the State was made by the manager of anthracite distribution and was furnished the anthractie committee as their guide for making shipments under the allotment. Negotiations were concluded whereby it was thoroughly understood that the- entire allotment of prepared sizes of anthracite to the State of New York should be directed by the State administrator and, to the end that the distribution in Greater New York particularly might have close attention, Mr. J. F. Bermingham, representative of the anthracite committee and a member of the executive committee of the State adminis- tration, handled in conjunction with Mr. Reeve Schley and Mr. E. H. Malone, deputy administrator for New York County, the intricate problem of distribution in Greater New York. In this they were greatly assisted by the close cooperation of the anthracite producers, the retail dealers, and the city administration. The peddler pool, which was instituted by Mr. Wiggin's administration during the winter of 1917-18, was reestablished in October, 1918, upon some broader lines, giving a practical assurance that, under the worst conditions coal sufficient to meet the needs of the poor would be immediately available. The price of domestic sizes of anthracite was advanced November 1 approximately $1 a ton, because of the advanced wages paid to miners in the anthracite region. By agreement with the retail coal trade of Greater New York the members of that organization gener- ously arranged to forego any profit on handling the so-called peddler coal, with the result that while prices were advanced on 1-ton lots and over, of prepared sizes, no advance was made to the consumer of 100-pound lots. 250 KEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. The local coal trade further agreed to keep the peddler trade in operation, and to establish at their various yards facilities for the sale of coal in 100-pound lots if it should be required. The allotment of bituminous coal to the State was approximately 21,000,000 tons. Plans were made to allow all industries to accumulate a sufficient quantity of steam coal to enable them to keep their plants in operation, without permitting excessive storage, which would interfere with equitable distribution. Emergency orders were promptly executed, and it is believed that all essential industries throughout the State had a sufficient supply of coal for continuous operation. The wholesale margin of 35 cents on bituminous coal having been fixed early in the season, it was upon review decided that this margin under the more favorable weather conditions was too great, and it was, there- fore, reduced on October 1 to 28 cents. Arrangements were made to see that the public-service utilities of Greater New York were especially cared for with respect to the supply of steam coal, and with the cooperation of the Federal administration the Interborough and other public-service companies were given a sufficient supply of coal to assure them a safe margin for operation under all conditions. Delos W. Cooke, Federal Fuel Administrator for New YorTc. New York, N. Y., December 16, 1918. Delos W. Cooke, Esq., Federal Fuel Administrator for the State of New Yorlc, New Yorlc City. Dear Sir: When I assumed the duties of conservator of fuel for New York State, scarcity of domestic sizes of anthracite for household uses was the most urgent problem, and I regret to say that it has not yet been alleviated. We have succeeded in meeting the immediate requirements of the consumers and especially of persons of small means in the cities. They can use no other fuel, and it will be necessary to give them priority throughout the winter. In other respects the fuel situation has greatly improved, and a satisfactory supply of bituminous coal and of small sizes of steam anthracite seems assured. Early in the season the United States Fuel Administration provided fair supplies of domestic anthracite for New England points, which might be cut off from the mines by bad weather, such as they encountered last winter. When the time came for filling the coal bins in New York City and throughout the State, the influenza epidemic in the mining regions reduced production and added greatly to the difficulties under which we were laboring. The Washington officials did what they could to turn anthracite shipments in this direc- tion by reducing allotments to points where it was possible to substitute bituminous coal for domestic anthra- cite. In this State the county fuel administrators were also able to secure the substitution of bituminous coal in place of anthracite, and to increase the use of wood for fuel by farmers and owners of country houses, and by residents of towns and villages in wooded sections. We have persistently .kept before the public the absolute necessity of reducing the consumption of domestic anthracite, and I am glad to say that the public has done its part as far as possible. Coal (iealers have worked with the fuel administration to reduce consumption and to secure equitable distribution of domestic anthracite. Here again the influenza epidemic interfered with our plans by making it necessary to heat all classes of dwellings at an earlier date and to higher temperature than would otherwise have been necessary. In a few cases coal dealers supplied excessive quotas of domestic anthracite and also charged higher prices than were authorized. Several were fined, one paying more than $2,000. The con- sequent publicity deterred others from ignoring the rules. Most of the fines were turned over to the American Red Cross because the consumers could not be traced. Owners of country houses and of private greenhouses and the clubs and churches cheerfully comphed with all requests to save anthracite, and many turned over stocks of anthracite, which they had lawfully accumulated for distribution among those who could not do without it. In such cases the owners were compensated, but it nevertheless inflicted loss and annoyance on them which they bore without complaint. One striking illustration of the general willingness to help was the manner in which owners and users of automobiles complied with the request to save gasoline on Sundays. Their abstinence was purely voluntary and was more complete than seemed possible when the request was made. Here again the newspapers rendered splendid service by keeping the subject before their readers. The "lightless night" order was well observed and only a few violators called for action. Hydroelectric companies were not permitted to receive coal if they supplied current for forbidden illumination. This was done so that there should be no discrimination between municipalities. Several hundred engineers and experts throughout the State cooperated with us without pay in instructing owners of power and heating plants how to conserve fuel and to use bitummous coal and small anthracite in FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 251 place of domestic sizes when the^- had heen consuming that class of fuel. This work was prolific of great good. Not only was a splendid saving of domestic anthi-acite effected, but the owners of steam plants found that they could greatly reduce their fuel costs, as hundreds of them have testified. This applies to many who formerly consumed bituminous coal, as well as anthracite, in a wasteful manner. This particular department of our work is worthy of perpetuation after the other duties of the fuel administration have come to an end. New York State has 20,000 or more steam boiler plants that received attention and constructive assistance. This work called for technical knowledge and skill of the liighest order, and also for common sense in suggesting changes that were truly economical and practical. I have no hesitation in saying that the engineers and experts who voluntarily rendered their services have enabled the owners of steam plants to save fuel and money now and in future j-ears. Educational work at the motion-picture exhibition at the Madison Square Garden, held from October .5 to 13, made a deep impression on the people of Greater New York. They saw the part coal played in winning the war and how they could help to win it. In response to articles in the newspapers and to the posters, cards, and circulars distributed throughout the State, hundreds of consumers of coal called at this office seeking information regarding restrictions and helpful conservation suggestions. ]\£any thousands sought similar advice from county fuel administrators in all parts of the State, and these gentlemen devoted much time to the work. In this way, I believe, the people of the State have learned how to save millions of dollars and at the same time to conserve the supply of domestic anthracite. Our efforts in this direction have run the gamut from the smallest consumer, who carries his coal home in a pail, to the mammoth coal-consuming enterprises in our large cities. Great pubhc-service corporations have been shown how to stop leaks and conserve fuel. Some of them have accomplished this by pooling their power resources and exchanging electric current. Large steam power plants of 50,000 horsepower or more in many - cases consume only one-third the coal per horsepower that small plants use. The possibilities of effecting further economies of tliis character are vast and have not heretofore been fully grasped by those in the business. I feel confident that tliis branch of the work of the fuel administration will be of permanent value to the whole country. Our engineers have discovered and helped the owners to remedy astounding fuel wastes in large manufacturing and power plants which were due previously to lack of knowledge and of system in the boiler rooms. Your genial, wholesome, and helpful cooperation has rendered the task a pleasure. Respectfully, m. p. moseley. New York, N. Y., December 11, 1918. NEW YORK. Name. Title. Wiggto A. H. (resigned).'. Cooke, Delos W State fuel administrator. do STATE ADVISOEY BOARD, Flynn, S. E Snyder, Valentine P . Williams, Clark Robertson, Chas. E . . Dahl.G.M Peters, J. R Hall, Jos. A Rosenberg, Jas. N . . Aldricli, Herbert G . Bates. W.C STATE EXECUTIVE COM- MITTEE. Cooke, D. W. . . Schley, Keeve. Peters, Harry T. Moseley, Mercer P . . Miller, Mortimer R . Cluett, Albert E . . . . Smith, E.N Bermingham, J. F . . Gmmison, F. E Bpaldjng, Eliot Deputy State fuel administra- tor. Deputy State fuel administra- tor. Counsel Deputy and member. Chairman Vice chairman . Executive assistant . Official station. 61 Broadway, Now York 149-151 Fifth Avenue, New York. New York . -do. .do. -do. -do. -do. -do. .do. .(fo. .do. New York . ... .do .do. do Rochester... Troy Watertown . New York . . Brooklyn... Endicott Home address . 630 Park Avenue, New York . Grosvenor Hotel, New York. . 293 Madison Avenue, New York . Hamilton Club, Brooklyn 1000 Park Avenue, New York 225 West Eighty-sixth Street, New York. 416 Broome Street, New York 27 West Sixty-seventh Street, New York. Gouvemeur Binghamton Grosvenor Hotel,New York 63 East Fifty-fifth Street, New York. 32 East Fifty-second Street, New York. 40 Fort Place, St. George Rochester Troy Watertown Oyster Bay 79 Argyle Road, Brooklyn Endicott Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 9, 1917 July 23,1918 Oct. 22,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do Nov. 1, 1917 Jan. 10,1918 Nov. 8,1917 Oct. 31,1917 July 23,1918 Oct. 26,1917 Dec. 24,1917 Sept, Oct. Oct. Oct. 3,1918 24, 1917 20, 1917 27,1917 July 23,1918 Nov. 1,1917 Oct. 16,1917 To— July 23,1918 Apr. 2, 1919 July 25,1918 Mar. 25,1918 Mar. 31,1918 July 24,1918 July 25,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 31,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 17,1918 252 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. NEW YORK— Continued. Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From — To- state OFFICE PEKSONNEL. Gordon, EUery B Mosoly, Mercer P . . Mortimer, Wm. M . Peppard, J. J. (successor) See, Joseph E Crane, Edward M , Davis, David T Fitzgerald, Harold. Graves, C. A Green, Van Rensselaer — Ophlus, Fred Wilson, J. E. (deceased) . Miller, H. E Flatten, J. Homer Morris, A. K Peters, Harry T . Whitely, John W . . Sullivan, Walter F. Pratt, Geo. D Searles, J. W Hill, James A Rummey, Wm. M . . Ahearn, Helen G... Allen, Lucy E Anderson, Jeaimette . Anderson, Ruth L . Barker, Lillian Bemston, Aima — Bowns, Felice Boyle, Florence Breen, Helen Gallon, John Conn, Milton Connard, Amy A . . Coyne, Harry J Cuneen, Mary A Dempsey, Mildred E Don-Levy, Ehzabeth H.. Duane, Anthony L . Eflridge, Irene Fiero, Dorothy M . Flynn, Catherine.. Gerdes, Wm., jr Greenhood, Marion C . Haas,HelenT Hart, Jos. W. Heard, A. A.. Hecht, Emma A . Hlnes, Eleanor... Jackson, Ethel... Jungren, May P. , Kelly, Helen T... Kendall, D. S.... King, Florence T.. Lang, R. Mildred . Lovewell, Marguerite B . Luhell, Belle Lucy, Emma E . . . MacDougal, May. . McGolrick, Chas McGreevy, Lillie MacGregor, Grace MaoMe, Helen Mahler, Ethel M Martin, Charles Mattison, D. F Munson, Margaret D . Nolan, Nellie Openshaw, Grace L . . Pearl, John A Price, Edith . Assistant administrator . do Office manager.. 61 Broadway, New York. .do. Assistant office manager . Field assistant Counsel Deputy Administrative engineer . Inspector (engineer division) . • do Inspector Manager bituminousdistribution Assistant manager bituminous distribution. Manager anthracite distribution. Chairman conservation Advisory member (conservation) do do do do Secretary conservation Stenograhper and typist Clerk, engineer division Stenographer and typist . Clerk Stenographer Typist Clerk Stenographer , Typist Messenger Clerk ; Head stenographer (engineer division). Secretary to administrator Telephone operator Clerk Stenographer to administrative engineer. Stenographer Typist Clerk File clerk . Clerk Stenographer.. File clerk Stenographer. . Clerk Stenographer. , do do.. do.. Clerk... Assistant to assistant admin- istrator. Stenographer Chief file clerk File clerk . Typist. Clerk... Typist . Clerk Typist Stenographer Telephone operator Secretary to assistant adminis- trator. Clerk do. Stenographer. . File clerk Stenographer. , Clerk Stenogra; Jior. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. 423 West One hundred and twen- tieth Street, New York. 40 Fort Place, St. George 305 North Eighth Street, Pater- son, N. J. 76 Pierrepont Street, Brooklyn. . . Tarrytown 240 Jefferson Avenue, Brooklyn . . . 61 East Seventy-eighth Street, New York. 127 East Fifty-sixth Street, New York. 135 Bay Thirty-flfth Street, Brook- lyn. 154 Nassau Street, New York 112 West Forty-second Street, New York. Staten Island 876 Park Avenue, New York 587 West End Avenue, New York. 673 East Twenty-third Street, 32 East Fi/ty-second Street, New York. 151 Fifth Avenue, New York do 61 Broadway, New York 151 Fifth Avenue, New York. do ....do...*. ....do ....do ....do ...do :: 61 Broadway, New York do 151 Fifth Avenue, New York. . ....do ...do '.'.'..':'.'. 61 Broadway, New York 151 Fifth Avenue, New York. do .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. Albany 149 Broadway, New York 1 Broadway, New York Hempstead 133 Vbss Avenue, Y onkers, 159 East One hundred and fourth Street, New York. 42 Seventh Street, West New York, N. J. Dobbs Ferry on Hudson 82 Passaic Avenue, Clifton, N. J. . 4812 Sixth Avenue, Brooklyn 68 Montague Street,. Brooklyn Far Rockaway 678 Academy Street, New York. . , 419 East Ninth Street, New York. 296 Main Street, Orange, N. J 536 Glenmore Avenue, Brooklyn.. 232 Rogers Avenue, Brooklyn 429 Berry Street, Brooklyn 1110 Park Avenue, Hoboken, N. J. Martha Washington Hotel, New York. Elmhurst 837 Seventv-second Street, Brook- lyn. Bronxville 179 East Ninety-sixth Street, New York. 151 West One hundred and eighth Street, New York. 61 Broadway, New York 151 Fifth Avenue, New York. . .do., .do.. .do.. •do.. .do., .do., .do., .do.. do.. .do., .do.. .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do.. 137 South Sixth Avenue, Mount Vernon. 932 Fifty-eighth Street, Brooklyn.. 260 West Ninety-ninth Street, New York. 523 Market Street, Paterson, N. J 106 West Thirteenth Street, New York. 73 Cottage Street, Midland Park, N.J. 469 Washington Avenue, Brook- lyn. 225 West One hundred and thir- tieth Street, New York. 18 West One hundred and second Street, New York. Ardsley 147 West Lincoln Avenue, Mount' Vernon. 148 West Lincoln Avenue, Mount Vernon. 1687 Bathgate Avenue, Bronx. 501 AVest One hundred and thir- teenth Street, New York. 109 North Fourth Avenue, Mount Vernon. 42 Arhngton Avenue, Newark,N. J 722 Gradon Street, Hoboken, N. J. . New York 273 Clinton Street, Brooklyn 332 Etna Street, Brooklyn .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do.. 631 Fifty-second Street, Brooklyn 805 Clifton Avenue, Forest Hills 3 Martens Place, Mount Vernon, 71 Barrow Street, New York 2769 Boulevard, Jersey City, N. j" 454 East One hundred and eight ieth Street, New York. 26 Beach Ninety-sixth Street, Rockaway Beach, S S V V V S V V s V s V V V V V V Oct. 22,1917 Sept. Aug. 3, 1918 5,1918 Oct. 1,1918 Oct. 2, 1918 Oct. 31,1918 Oct. 3, 1918 Jan. 7, 1918 July 23,1918 Aug. 20,1918 Aug. 12,1918 Jan. 28,1918 Oct. 31,1918 Sept. 8,1918 July 29,1918 Dec. 24,1917 do ....do Jan. 4, 1918 Jan. 7, 1918 Dec. 31,1917 Dec. 24,1917 July 5, 1918 Oct. 4, 1918 July 30,1918 Sept. 3,1918 Aug. 26,1918 Oct. 9, 1918 9, 1918 1,1917 1, 1918 6, 1918 9, 1918 6, 1918 Sept. Nov. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Nov. Sept. Sept. July Jan. Oct. Oct. Aug. 7, 1918 4, 1918 a, 1918 29, 1918 3,1918 7, 1918 4,1918 2,1918 Aug. 20,1918 Dec. Sept. Nov. Oct. 26, 1917 3, 1918 26, 1917 2, 1918 Sept. 3,1918 Aug. 14,1918 Nov. 1,1918 Sept. 3,1918 Sept. 6,1918 Sept. 16, 1918 Aug. 19,1918 Oct. 22,1917 Oct. 30,1918 Nov. 12,1918 July 15,1918 Sept. 16, 1918 Aug. 19,1918 Aug. 21,1918 Jan. 28,1918 Jan. 16,1919 Sept. 13, 1918 Nov. 5,1917 Sept. 1,1918 Oct. 22,1917 Oct. 1, 1918 Oct. 29,1918 Nov. 7, 1918 Oct. 22,1917 Sept. 30,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Sept. 23, 1918 28, 1919 15, 1919 29. 1918 2, 1919 1,1918 16. 1919 Feb. Feb. Nov. Apr. Apr. Jan. Dec. 31,1918 Do. Mar. 31,1918 Feb. 25.1919 Feb. 15,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Apr. 30,1918 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Apr. 30,1918 Do. Do. Mar. 15,1919 Oct. 21,1918 Dec. 15,1918 Do. Sept. 3,1918 Jan. 15,1919 2,1918 19. 1918 15,1919 6, 1918 17,1918 15. 1919 Dec. Apr. Jan. Nov. Aug. Jan. Feb. 21,1919 Feb. 25,1919 Oct. 1, 1918 Aug. 2, 1918 Jan. 15,1918 Nov. 9,1918 Dee. 31,1918 Deo. 3,19)8 Feb. 28,1919 30,1918 28, 1919 15,1918 28, 1919 30, 1918 30. 1918 22. 1919 31, 1918 23. 1918 31. 1919 10, 1919 9, 1918 Dec. 15,1918 Apr. Feb. Feb. Feb. Nov. Oct. Jan. Dec. Oct. Jan. Apr. Mar. Jan. Dec. 13,1919 31, 1918 Jan. 8, 1919 Feb. Sept. Mar. Feb. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb. Jan. Oct. Jan. 28,1919 21, 1918 30. 1918 25,1919 28,1919 21,1919 15,1919 15. 1919 31,1919 31, 1918 4,1919 Aug. 3,1918 FEDEEAl, FUEL ADMINISTEATOES. NEW YORK— Continued. 253 Name. Title. OfBcial station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From- To— STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL — continued. Puicell, Elizabeth Rader, Dora Rotliwell, Helen. Rubin, Augusta.. Chief telephone operator.. Stenographer File clerk Stenographer.. 151 Fifth Avenue,. New York. 61 Broadway, New York 151 Fifth Avenue, New York . . 61 Broadway, Now York Silverman, Julia . Smith, George E . Stemburgh, J Stratton, Ethel Taylor, Lillian Thomas, Mildred... Tyndale, Dorothy.. ....do Accounting oflicer.. Stenographer ....do Typist Stenographer.. Clerk 151 Fifth Avenue, New York. . . ....do ....do TJhrig, Lillian Van Ess, Oliver A. Williams, Aurelia K. Williams, Edna A Young, AUce B Zillinsky, Agnes File clerk . . . Statistician.. Clerk Stenographer.. do Jani tress Administrator .'... Deputy fuel administrator . Dejmty ....do do.. COITNTT FTTEL COMMITTEES. Albany: Lansing, Gerrlt Y Hills, Guy D Beck, Casper F CaUans, Harry C O'Brien, Dr. Robt. J.. Herrick, Jean E ' Stenographer. Sohm, Maude G \ do. Streeter, Hazel O. L... do. Allegany: Darcy, John C Coats, Luch S Ackerly, Chas. A. . Bluestone, Adolph Mason, H. B Buch, Dorothea Bronx: Miller, Cyrus C Administrator Administrator. . Deputy Ahem, Joseph F j Deputy. Davis, John \ do.. Greer, William M do.. Hall, Jos. A I do.. Hecox.Wm.H do do. Bolton, W. H Engineer division (conservation) do. HaU,A..H Morrison, Wm. T . Ryan, JohnE. Brown, 0. C Ebert, Edward T Graham, Chas. A Kammerand, Frances MoGttlre, Elizabeth.. Paul, Henry Troeller, Adolph Wameck, Harry W . . . Stein, Philip Broome: Spalding. ElUott F.... Bates, W. C Brown, J. A Gardinier, N.N McLean, William Morgan, D. C Rubin, Harry TruesdeU.E. S Warner, D.G Hecox, W. H Cattaraugus: Franchot, N. V. v.... Andrews, John F Crpss, Jerome A Crowley, Jerome A Hogue, Charles W Johnson, Fred E Lyndfi, Victor K Oakes, W. A Auerbach, Matilda W. Jessop, Nevo O Perkms, Dorothy Y. . Cayuga: Garrett, T. H., jr Chautauqua: Dow, Chas. M Bevltt, Edwin D Cross, Robert J .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do., .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do.. 371 East Twenty-sixth Street, Brooklyn. West Thirty-thnd Street and Rail- road Avenue, Brooklyn. 43 Edgewood Avenue, Nutloy, N.J 209 East One hundred and four- teenth Street, New York. 87 Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn 235 Windsor Place, Brooklyn 588 West One hundred and flfty- tlrst Street, New York. 237 Graham Avenue, Paterson,N.J Paterson, N.J New York 137 South Sixth Avenue, Mount Vernon. 1864 Madison Street, Brooklyn 164 West Ninety-sixth Street, New York. 83 Park Avenue, New York 975 Ocean Avenue, Brooklyn Ridge Road, Yonkers One hundred and first Street and Works Place, New York. Albany. do... do... do... do... do... do... do... Wellsville.. ....do ....do ....do do ....do One hundred and thirty-seventh Street, Third and Lincoln Avenue, New York. do do do do Conservation. do .do. Inspector Chief inspector. Investigator Stenographer . . do Chief clerk Clerk do.. Janitor. . Administrator.. Deputy Administrator. Deputy do do do do do do Administrator Assistant administrator. Assistant and stenographer.. do do Administrator. do... Deputy - do... .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Endicott. do... do... do... do... do... do... do... do.... do... Olean.. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Albany 144 State Street, Albany Albany Cohoes Watervliet 65 Partridge Street, Albany . Albany do WellsviUe. ....do Cuba Caneadea.. 50 Grove Street, Wellsville . 55 Liberty Street, New York . 852 Whitlock Street, New York. . . 5.53 Courtlandt Avenue, New York. 901 Sheridan Avenue, New York One hundred and thirty-seventh Street, Third and Lincoln Ave- nue, New York. Bingham ton 351 Bedford Park Boulevard, New York. 529 Courtlandt Avenue, New York, One hundred and thirty-seventh S'treet, Third and Lincoln Ave- nue, New York. One hundred and fortieth Street and Ryder Avenue, Bronx. New York 3329 Ollinville Avenue, New York Bronx 1887 Morris Avenue, New York 1076 Teller Avenue, New York 310 East One hundred and fifty- sixth Street, New York. 1293 Rodman Place, New York 21 Center Avenue, Mamaroneck. . Endicott Binghamton . . Johnson City . Deposit Binghamton . . Endicott Binghamton . . . do Union Binghamton.. Auburn. Jamestown.. do do Olean ....do do Randolph Franklinville Cattaraugus Delevan Salamanca Olean 3282 Tompkins Street, Olean 306 North Clinton Street, Olean . 103 East Genesee Street, Auburn.. Jamestown 16 East Fifth Street ,Jam6Stown. 715 Central Avenue, Dunkirk V V V V V S V s V V V V V V V V V V s s V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s s s V s V Nov. 9,1917 Jan. 21,1918 Oct. Aug. 29, 1918 1, 1918 Sept. 5,1918 Nov. 1,1917 Aug. 19,1918 Sept. 16, 1918 Aug. 1, 1918 Dec. 1,1917 Sept. 10, 1918 Aug. 21,1918 Aug. 1.5,1918 Oct. 16,1918 Sept. 3,1918 Sept. 16,1918 Aug. 28,1918 Oct. 20,1917 Nov. 21,1917 Jan. 5, 1918 Nov. 16,1917 Dec. 17,1917 Nov, 1,1918 Dec. 10,1917 do Oct. 21,1917 Feb. 11,1918 Jan. 30,1918 Jan. 15,1918 Nov. 25,1917 Mar. 1, 1918 Oct, 23,1917 Jan. 7,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do Aug!'3i,'i9i8 do do do Oct. 28,1918 Oct. 23,1918 Dec. 13,1917 Nov. I,l9l7 Sept. 23,1918 Nov. 5,1917 Dec. 15,1917 Jan. Fob, 4,1918 1,1919 Oct, 16,1917 Oct. 31,1917 Dec. 17,1918 June 15,1918 Oct. 31,1917 do do do do do Oct. 22,1917 ....do Nov. 5,1917 do do do Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 15,1917 Apr, 16,1918 July 29,1918 Oct. 20,1917 Nov. 1,1917 do Oct. 29,1917 Jan, 14,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Oct. 16,1918 Jan. 15,1919 Apr. 10,1919 Oct. 25,1918 Jan. 25,1919 Aug. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1918 Oct. 30,1918 Sept. 28,1918 Apr. 10,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Jan. 8, 1919 Dec. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 14,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. May 30,1918 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 9,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 20,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 31,1918 Do. Do. Do. Nov. 16,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Jan, 30,1918 Feb. 28,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do, Do, Do. Do. Dec. 17,1918 Feb, 28,1919 Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do, Do, Apr. 6,1918 July 27,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do, Feb, 20,1919 Oct, 14,1918 254 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. NEW YORK— Continued, FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. cotiNTY FUEL COMMIT- TEES— Continued. Chautauqua— Continued. Williams, Henry K- - - Denny, Jesse D Horner, Edw. N Kehr, CarlM Stimson, Morris H Davis, Alfred C Ottoway, Arthur B . . . Chapman, Harry W... Little, Brendice P Metheany, Elizabeth.. Williams, Jessie C. (successor). Nelson, Gertrude M . . . Patterson, Jennie F . . . Pety t, Margaret Shearman, Florence M. Terry, Mary E Vande Velde, Jacob. . . Chemung: Murphy , Martin H RlKgs, A. Gaylord Swan, Frederick W . . . Thompson, Merle D... Kelly, James Brown, Margaret A . . . MoCrone, Marjorie Chenango: Turner, J. B Gucker, C, Belle Clinton: Blley,P. J Branech, W. F Chilton, George Fitch, James Charbouneau,Grace H. Columbia: Coffin, Samuel B Coffin, Tristram Cooklngham, Thos. A . Van Deusen, Chas. A . Gillette, John W Scovllle.E. Washburn Kroll,Haz6lR Cortland: Keater, Edward Delaware; Clark, James L Alberty, Harriet M Dutchess: Webb,J.G Ward, Wm. (successor) Coffin, Edward Dows, Tracy Folger, M. Glenn Jenks, Miles P O'Connor, Wm. J Vosburgh,P. H Benjamin, William Jones, Esther M Kraft , Angela Lament, Margaret H. . Maher, Julia M Schultz.C. E Smith.G.V Traver, Marion Erie: McDougal, Elliott C. . . Forman, H. A. (suc- cessor). Barber, Chester W Ellis, Charles W Eberhart, A. M Hendrick , Trowbridge Jones, Arthiu" B Seegen , Herman Bauman, F Bradley, Nina Tracy. . Burns, Eleanor Chapman, Zona Costley , Mary E^gman, Susie Fitzmorris, Elizabeth. Goodman , Sylvia Grieco, Peter Jehle.Mary C Johnston, E Johnstone, M. E Kalinowsky , Theo Kelly, MaeB Kelly,M. Kathryn.... Lang, Helen Lee, Helen Lee, Kathryn D Ludwig, M Lustie , Adaline McCarthy, Gertrude.. Title. Official station. Deputy Committeeman do do do Advisory member. . do Traffic clerk Stenographer Office manager do Stenographer and clerk.. Office manager Stenographer Stenographer and clerk. Stenographer Janitor Administrator Deputy do do Inspector Stenographer and clerk.. Clerk Administrator. . Stenographer... Administrator Assistant administrator. Deputy do Stenographer and clerk. . Administrator.. Deputy do do Committeeman . do Stenographer... Administrator . ....do Stenographer. Administrator do Deputy do do do do do Superintendent wood yard Clerk do do Stenographer and clerk Supermtendent Superintendent of transportation Clerk Administrator. do Deputy . do.. .do. W..do do ....do Clerk do do do do do do do Janitor Clerk do ....do ...do ....do Office manager Clerk ....do Telephone operator. . Clerk Stenographer Clerk Jamestown. , do do do do do do ,...;do do Dunkirk do Jamestown.. Dunkirk Jamestown. . do Dunkirk do Elmira. do... do.. do.. do.. do.. ....do.. Norwich . -...do Plattsburg . do do Mooers Plattsburg . Hudson, do... .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Cortlaiid. Sidney. do.. Poughkeepsie . ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Buffalo. ....do.. do Lackawanna Tonawanda . Buffalo. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do-. do... do... do... do... ....do... ....do... Home address. Dunkirk Silver Creek . Jamestown Westfleld Jamestown ....do 63 Central Avenue, Fredonia. . 704 Central Avenue,Dunkirk. . Volun- teer or salary. 765 Central Avenue, Dunkirk . Jamestown 65 Liberty Street, Jamestown . Portland 34 Luca Avenue, Dunkirk Elmira do do do do 804 West Church Street, Elmira. S Hoffman Street, Elmira Norwich 25 Brown Avenue, Noi"wich . Plattsburg Champlain . . . Rouses Point . Mooers Plattsburg Hudson ....do ...-do ....do ....do ....do 525 Prospect Street, Hudson.. Cortland Sidney - ....do.. Poughkeepsie ....do ■ Millbrook Rhinebeok Poughkeepsie Miilerton Ehinebeck Beacon Poughkeepsie 110 Academy Street, Poughkeepsie . 44 Marshall Street, Poughkeepsie.. Beacon 62 Cannon Street, Foughkeepsie . Poughkeepsie 35 Market*Stre6t, Pouglikeepsie. . Miilerton Buffalo . ....do.. .do. 1460 South Park Avenue, Lacka- wanna. Care of Chamber of Commerce, Tonawanda. 392 Lafayette Avenue, Buffalo Buffalo ....do 631 Eagle Street, Buffalo 145 East Delavan Street, Buffalo. 65 Mariner Street, Buffalo . 28 Sage Street, Buffalo 17 West Swan Street , Buffalo. . V V V V V V V V s s s s s V s s s V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s s s V s s s s V V V V s V V s s s ■ s s s s s s s s s Served. From- Oct. Jan. Oct. Dec. Nov. Oct. Oct. Jan* Nov. May Jan. 14,1918 11,1918 29. 1917 1,1917 5,1917 31,1917 29,1917 15. 1918 1,1917 1,1918 1,1919 -Dec. 1,1917 July 15,1918 Nov. 15,1917 June 1,1918 Apr. 29,1918 June 15,1918 Oct. 22,1917 Oct. 27,1917 do do Feb, 1,1918 Oct. 22,1917 Aug. 18,1918 Oct. 20,1917 Dec, 1,1917 Nov, 20,1917 Jan. 4,1918 Aug, 21,1918 do Sept. 15,1918 Oct. 25,1917 Aug. 1,1918 Dec. 16,1917 Oct. 26,1917 ....do Oct. 25,1917 Nov. 7,1917 Oct. 18,1917 Oct. 17,1917 Nov. 8, 1917 Oct. 20,1917 Aug. 14,1918 Oct. 20,1917 do Aug. 31,1918 Oct. 20,1917 Oct. 26,1917 Oct. 20,1917 Oct. 15,1918 Jan. 3, 1918 Jan. 1,1918 ....do Sept. 1,1918 Feb. 1,1918 do Nov. 1,1917 Oct. 17,1917 May 6,1918 Apr. 1,1918 do ....do May 15,1918 Apr. 1,1918 Jan. 30,1918 Jan. 21,1918 do Jan. 10,1918 Oct. 29,1917 Jan. 19,1918 do do Jan. 15,1918 May 27,1918 Jan. 25,1918 Jan. 19,1918 Jan. 4,1918 Jan. 21,1918 Dec. 29,1917 Oct. 30,1917 Jan. 21,1918 Jan. 22,1918 Aug. 26,1918 Jan. 19,1918 Feb. 11,1918 Sept. 30,1918 To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Da. Do. Do. Do. May 30,1918 Nov. 1,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Sept. Dec. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb. 12,1918 30,1918 28,1919 20, 1919 15, 1919 28, 1919 Do. Feb. 17,1919 Do. Do. Mar, 23,191S Feb. 28,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1910 Do. Mar, 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 30,1918 June 24,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Aug. 14,1918 Mar. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 26,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do, Do. Aug. 30,1918 Sept. 21,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Feb. 27,1919 Feb. 28,1918 Feb. 25,1918 Feb. 15,1918 May 6,1918 Feb. 28,1919 May 6,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. May 6, 1918 Do. Feb. 15,1918 Mar. 9, 1918 Do. Jan. 15,1918 Mar. 9, 1918 Do. Feb. 23,1918 Mar. 5, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Feb. 15,1918 Do. Feb. 2.3,1918 Feb. 16,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do, Mar. 9, 1918 Feb. 16,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 9, 1918 Jan. 27,1919 Feb. 28,1919 FEDERAL, FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 255 NEW YORK— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued, Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMIT- TEES — continued. Erie— Continued. McDermott, Uarion H. MUler.J Minor, Louise Messer, Helen Murpliy, Elizabeth Patterson, Mabel L . . , Reimer, Gertrude Ryan,Marv Schroder, Myrtle B . . . Schultz, Minnie F Scott, Ruth Shea, Tessie Slaven, Julia E Smith, EvaB Stransky , Edna C Sullivan, Catharine . . . Sullivan, Thelma Vought, Mrs. Alice Essex; Phelps, Lee F Dewey, Melville Howell, W. H Richards, Walter W. . Ryan, Sarah Franklin: O'Brien, W.H DufEy, J. H (lOldsmlth, Charles H. Porter, Nelson W Sawdon, W. M Fulton: Harris, Charles N White, ClaraB Title. Clerk ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Stenographer.. do Clerk do do do do do do do Administrator, Deputy do do Clerk Administrator Deputy do do Chairman engineer division . Administrator. Stenographer. . Administrator. . do Deputy Stenographer Clerk Committeeman. do Genesee: Pollard, W.G Wilson, T.A Coley, Richard R Hogan, Mary Lapp, Edna E Bangert, A. F Bryant, Clarence E . . Greene: Howland, Clarence. . . Anthony, Edwin S... Austin, Geo. B Bennett, Ernest A . . . CofBn, Chas. G CofBn, P. Gardner. . . Cole.SethT Crosby, Wallace J Lasher, Herbert W. . . Malcolm, Jas. Lewis.. Patrie, J. Lewis Phinney, Harry Smith, Howard C Stewart, A. Melvin... Teieh, Louis F Austin, R. A Baldwin, Wm.H.... Bogart, John V Chase, Geo. H Constable, JamesC... Dodge, Francis L Gilbert, Clifford W... Graham, A. Noble . . . Griffin, Edw King, John J O'Hara, Michael O'Hara, T. J Patterson, John S Porter, C. Gates Robb, John W Stevens, O. C Tripp, I. U Fiero, Florence Simmon, Pearl R Herkimer: Heacock,GrosvenorW Carvel, Helen A Day, Everett W Jeflerson: Smith, EdwardN Hudson, Daniel B Amos, J. F Ball,W.D Finch, C.J Hatch, Geo. W Holmes, W.W Nill,Carl G Overton, F.C Reese, C.W Saekett,F. W.. Valentine, C. W Wicks,E.H Johnson, Bertha Stenographer. Johnson, Clara T ' do. Administrator... Deputy do do do do do do do do do do do do do Committeeman.. ....do ....do ....do ....do..: ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Stenographer — do Administrator. Stenographer... do Administrator. . . Deputy Committeeman.. ....do do ....do do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do do.. Official station. Buffalo.. ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... do— ....do... do... .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., -do., .do., .do.. Fort Henry . do do do do Malone. do.. do.. ....do.. ....do.. Gloversville. ....do Le Roy and Batavia. do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Catskill. do... do... do... do... do... do... do... do... do... do... .do... .do... do... .do.. .do. .do.. .do.. .do.. .do.. .do.. -do., .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do.. .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do.. Ilion . . . ....do.. ....do.. Watertown.. ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do r...do ....do ....do Home address. 228 Putnam Street, Buffalo. 1160 Main Street, Buffalo . . . do 49 Knoerl Avenue, Buffalo. 88 Adams Street, Buffalo . . . 482 Franklin Street, Buffalo. Port Henry Lake Placid Club . Willsboro Tioonderoga Port Henry Malone Chateaugay — Saranae Lake. Malone do Gloversville 235 West Fulton Street, Glovers- ville. Batavia Le Roy Batavia Ill Washington Avenue, Batavia. 17 Maple Avenue, Le Roy Corfu Le Roy Catskill Coxsackie Catskill do do 203 Spring Street, Catskill . . . . Catskill Halcott Kiskatom Catskill do Freehold Catskill Hensonvllle Leeds Cairo New Baltimore : Palenville Jewett Tannersville Ashland Catskill Hunter Lexington Alsen Tannersville Prattsville ; Windham Athens Catskill Greenville Oak Hill 51 Greene Street, Catskill 19 Livingston Street, Catskill. . Ilion Helena 58 South Third Avenue, Ilion. 116 Washington Street, Watertown . Adams Watertown Carthage Watertown Carthage Redwood Watertown Adams Clayton Cape Vincent Watertown Antwerp 1007 Salina Street, Watertown.. 144 Flower Avenue, Watertown.. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Dec. Jan. July Nov. Jan. 21,1918 Jan. 23,1918 Jan. 28,1918 Nov. 13,1917 Sept. 16,1918 Dec. 11,1917 8. 1917 1.5,1918 2. 1918 4,1918 Jan. 24,1918 Jan. 21,1918 ....do Jan. 19,1918 Jan. 21,1918 Jan. 4, 1918 Nov. 27,1917 Nov. 16,1-918 Oct. 24,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do Nov. 9, 1917 Dec. 20,1917 ....do ....do Aug. 16,1918 Oct. 23,1917 Jan. 17,1918 Oct. 25,1917 Aug. 7,1918 Aug. 20,1918 Oct. 21,1918. Sept. 26, 1918 Aug. 7,191S do To- Oct. 25,1917 Jan. 23,1918 Aug. 28,1918 do Nov. 20,1917 July 16,1918 Nov. 20,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do Sept. 21,1918 Aug. 28,1918 Nov. 20, 1917 ....do Jan. 25,1918 ....do ....do ....do Aug. 30,1918 Jan. 25,1918 Feb. 16,1918 Jan. 25,1918 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Mar. 18,1918 Jan. 25,1918 ....do Mar. 4, 1918 Oct. 25,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Sept. 21, 1918 Apr. 15,1918 Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 1,1918 Oct. 29,1917 Jan. 1,1918 Oct. 29,1917 Aug. 29,1918 Oct. 29,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 1,1918 Feb. 15,1918 Do. Mar.. 9,1918 Do. Nov. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Mar. 9, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Feb. 15,1918 Feb. 23,1918 Do. Mar. 9, 1918 Feb. 23,1918 Mar. 2,1918 Feb. 23,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 28.1919 Do. Aug. 7, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Nov. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 19,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Sept. 21,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 256 REPOKT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. NEW YORK— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. Title. OfBcial station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From- To- COUNTT FUEL COMMIT- TEES — continued. Kings: Gunnison, Frederic E . Sherman, Andrew I. Drummond, Samuel Adams, Alfred A Jourdan, Franklin B Mullins, Robert F. . . Norman, Edward A. Carlisle, Wm. G Henry, John E., jr... Hovenden, Thomas , . MacDonald, W. S.... Beams, James S Belden, Frank M Newton, Charles E . . . Acker, Chas.H Albanesi, Andrew H . Boody, Margery Brandstadter, Louis . Brady, Mabelle Carss, Lillian N Chaddock, Annie V . Conway .Catherine. . Cordts,EdnaL Dolphin, Agnes M. . . Forster, Ethel A Forster, Madalyn E . . Gannon, JuUa C Glynn, Mary Veronic Howe, Madeline B Kruger,B. E Lindsley , Clifford C . . Luntz, Martha ___ McLaughlin, Genevieve Magneld , Alma Mauro, Anthony ... Konahan, Alexina . . Mulroy, Anna Preston, Lena Bock, Louise Dooner, Ira James. . Eiethuc, Frances M Rudel, Helen Samuels, Ruth , Same, M:atthew F Shanahan.Katherine F Shaw, Oscar F., jr.. Spicciati, Frank. . . Taylor, P. E Tuchy , Evelyn Voorhees, Mary Ella. . Lewis: Blaokmon, Gilbert A Owens, Clayton C Graves , Arthur L Livingston: Shaw, Frank C Bentley, Eugene E.. Dibble, Edward F... ' Foote, Clarence A Fox, J. W Robmson, E Stiegler, Jos McKenzie, Catherine Madison: Hunt, E . Lealand Weeks, Alice F , Baker, Anne V Hunt, Beatrice L Newman, Helen M... Monroe: MiUer,M.R Parsons/Thomas Strong, H. G ■.. Todd, Fred S Coville, Alden L Howes , Franklin J . . . Clark, Charlotte I... Grossner, Angela C. . . Pendrie, Charlotte B . . Vandy, Gladys L Montgomery: Dwyer, Cornelius Crane, Francis E Dietendorl, B. F Mosher, Frank S Robell, Henry Sherburne, Henry Bartholomew, Joim.. Boyle, Donald Brown, Jessie Bums, Maude New- Mrk. Administrator Assistant administrator . Executive secretary Deputy do do do Advisory committee do.... do do.... do do.... do.... Inspector. .do. Stenographer. Inspector Stenographer and typist. Stenographer File clerk ....do Stenographer and typist. Clerk Stenographer and typist . Clerk Stenographer and typist Telephone operator and typist. . Clerk Inspector. do Stenographer Telephone operator. Stenographer Inspector Stenographer File clerk Typist Clerk Inspector File clerk File clerk and typist. . Stenographer Inspector File clerk Assistant Inspector do Stenographer Stenographer and typist . Administrator. Deputy Stenographer. . Administrator. Deputy do do do do do Stenographer. . Administrator Secretary and stenographer. Index clerk do do Administrator. Deputy do do. Chairman plant committee. Secretary Stenographer do Clerk Stenographer Administrator. Deputy do do do do Clerk do do ....do 44 Court Street, Brooklyn. do do do do do do do -do. -do. -do. .do. -do. -do. ..do. .do. .do. ..do. .do. .do., .do., -do., -do., -do., -do.. .do., .do., -do.. .do., .do., .do.. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Lowville. ....do... ....do... Caledonia. do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do do.... Oneida.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Rochester. . do ....do ....do do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Amsterdam . do do do do do do do ..--do ....do 79 Argyle Road, Brooklyn 118 Midwood Street, Brooklyn 191 Lefterts Avenue , Brooklyn 44 Court Street, Brooklyn 125 Hicks Street, Brooklyn 781 Manbattan Avenue, Brooklyn. 44 Court Street, Brooklyn 633 East Twenty-ninth Street, Brooklyn. 680 Putnam Avenue, Brooklyn 73 Hilton Avenue, Garden City.. 1305 Albemarle Road, Brooklyn. . . 585 Third Street, Brooklyn 302-Broadway , New York 855 Prospect Place, Brooklyn 2645 Eighth Avenue, wrooklyn . . . Brooklyn 44 Court Street , Brooklyn I 16 East One hundred and twen- tieth Street, NewYork 1209 East Thirty-fllth Street, Brooklyn. 261 Conover Street, Brooklyn 157 Hawthorne Street, Brooklyn.. 1417 DeaneStreet, Brooklyn 415 West One hundred and twen- tieth Street, New York. ....do 191 Jeralomen Street, Brooklyn.. 415 West One hundred and twen- tieth Street, New York, 2105 Beverly Road, Brooklyn 898Greeue Avenue, Brooklyn.. .. 611 West One hundred and twenty-seventh Street, New York. 37 Vemon Avenue, Brooklyn 259 Elizabeth Street, New York. . 1450 Fifty-second street, Brooklyn . 44 Court Street, Brooklyn 1713 East Fourteenth Street, Brooklyn. 216 Duffleld Street, Brooklyn 377 Central Avenue, Brooklyn . . . . 782A Hancock Street, Brooklyn.. 203 Luqueer Street, Brooklyn 66 Downing Street, Brooklyn 302 East One hundred and fourth Street, New York. 57 Second Street, New York 1649 East Twelfth Street, Brooklyn Lowville . ....do... ....do... Caledonia ....do Lima Mount Morris. Nunda Sprlngwater... DansviUe Caledonia Oneida 7 West Sands Street, Oneida 129 Main Street, Oneida 53 Broad Street, Oneida 149 Mam Street , Oneida East Avenue Building, Rochester Rochester .-.-do ----do :;; 1224 Granite Building, Rochester Rochester ----do ---.do 80 Gorsline-Street, Rochester . 12 Ereth Street, Rochester Amsterdam do :; Canajoharie St. Johnsville Fort Plam Amsterdam Grove Street, Amsterdaiu- Minaville- S V V V V V V V V V V V s s s s s s s ■ s s s V V s V V V V V V V V s s V V V V V V s s s V V V V V V s s s s Nov. 1, 1917 Sept. 9,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 Sept, 20, 1918 July 1, 1918 Jan. 27, 1918 Jan. 7, 1918 Jan. 21, 1918 Nov, Deo, Nov, Dec. Jan, Nov, Nov. 26; Aug. 26, Nov. 1, Dec. 13, 1917 1917 1917 1917 1918 1917 1918 1918 1917 1918 Oct. 11,1918 Jan. 22 1918 Feb. 5, 1918 Sept, 16, 1918 Sept 3,1918 Sept, 25, 1918 June 27, 1918 July 16,1918 Oct, 7, 1918 Dec, 12, 1917 July 1, 1918 Nov. 27, 1918 Dec. 16, 1918 Dec. 17, 1917 Nov. 5, 1917 Dec. 24, 1917 Dec. 16, 1918 Jan. 15, 1918 Dec. 19, 1917 June 24, 1918 Feb. 5, 1918 Jan. 9, 1919 July 12,1918 Sept. 9, 191S Jan. 7, 1918 Oct, 14,1918 Jan. 30, 1918 Jan. 21, 1918 Dec. 16, 1918 -...do Nov. 26, 1917 July 18,1918 Nov. 1,1917 Dec. 17, 1917 Nov. 1,1917 Oct. 23, Jan. 13, Dec. 9, Nov. 23, Jan. 30, Jan. 21, Nov. 15, Mar. 16, 1917 1918 1917 1917 1918 1918 1917 1918 Oct. 23,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 Sept. 23, 1918 July 16,1918 do Oct. 24, 1917 do Oct. 1, 1918 Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 2, 1918 Aug. 31, 1918 Oct. 24,1917 Feb. 1,1918 June 15, 1918 Mar. 15, 1918 Oct. 25,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 do — do: do do Sept. 30, 19lg Jan. 29,1918 Dec. 5, 1917 Jan. 21,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Sept. 30, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. July 1, 1918 Jime 30,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 19, 1918 Feb. 28, 1919 Do. I June 22, 1918 Jan. 31, 1919 Do. Mar. 30, 1918 Feb. 23, 1918 Jan. 25, 1919 Jan. 18, 1919 Nov. 30, 1918 Oct. 4, 1918 Feb. 28, 1919 Do. Do. Aug. 15, 1918 Feb. 28, 1919 Jan. 4, 1919 Aug, 241918 Nov. 26, 1917 Deo. 31,1917 Jan. 31,1919 Jan. 19,1918 Feb. 2, 1918 Sept. 15,1918 Do. Feb. 28, 1919 Aug. 24, 1918 Feb. 28, 1919 Jan, 15, 1918 Feb. 28, 1919 Feb. 21, 1919 Feb. 28, 1919 Jan. 31, 1919 Jan. 28, 1919 Deo. 15,1917 Feb. 28, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Feb. 15,1919 Sept. 30, 1918 Sept. 15,1918 Feb. 28, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Deo. 31,1918 Jan. 15,1919 Jan. 30,1918 Mar. 15,1918 Feb. 15, 1919 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Dec. 8, 1918 Sept. 6,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Feb. 20,1919 Mar. 16,1918 Feb. 20,1919 Mar. 23,1918 FBDEKAL. FUEL ADMINISTKATOES. 267 NEW YORK— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued^. Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To— COXTNTT FTJEL COMMIT- TEES — continued. Montgomery— Continued. Ford, Edward Clerk , Frasier, Ethel J do Gordon, Ethel do McCahe, John do Reynolds, Hugh S do Sherlock, Corral T do Schuyler, L. J do Serviss, Wm. I do Stack, Andrew | do Toomey, Mary T ] do Wheener, Hariette J. .i do Wheener, Ernest i do Nassau: Administrator do Assistant administrator. Adams, Chas. C Deputy Baker, JohnC do BullOck, George do Frothingham, W. L do Moore, P. P do SeymooT, OrigenS j do VanDeWaterJno.W.B do Emerson, Ralph E Plant conservation committee, engineer division. Erskine, Jas. D do. Amsterdam . ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Amsterdam . Amsterdam 10 James Street, Amsterdam. 53 Stewart Street, Amsterdam . 53 Grove Street, Amsterdam. 20 Wall Street, Amsterdam. . Hodenpyl, Anton C . . . Cox.Irving (successor). Ball, Wilbur D 15 William Street, do. New York.. Harvey, H. G Vanderwall,NlcholasH Feinberg, Ida Harle, James W. New York: Schley, Reeve Harkness, Edward S. Hayes, Cornelius G. Halone, E. Ha^y. . Mapes, EdwinE Stanton, O.B Norman, Edward A . White, Burton F. Wiggins, J. S Flynn, Chas. A... Hartford, Claude.. Hemstreet^ Geo. P - Sloan, M.S Carney, Jos. F Colwell, Jas. V.V.. Tweedy, Edmimd T.. Acker, Norman Arganza, Anthony. Boehm, Samuel Botto, Delveno. . . Brizzolara, Jos. P . Bryan, Geo. W... Buckley, D.J Connell, Stephen. - Copley, Geo. W. DoDSOii, Mary... Doncourt, G. T. Elliott, AnnaL Elliott, Lillian R Erb, Vincent, jr Ercolani, Antliony. . . Flaohsenhar, W. E... Fletcher, Wm. E..... Glblin, James Grreen, M. Lawrence . Guraan, Philip (de- Hannan, Walter J.. Hart, Samuel Hayes, Joseph P Heimerdinger.Chas. H. Hilgeman, Dorothy . . . Hoffman, Geo. A....... Howard, Eleanor Q.. Ives, Arthur S James, Bin-ton W — Jones, E. S Kaifflfman, Debora . . . Lawson, E. M ....do. do. Clerk... do Administrator. Deputy .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. -do. -do. .do. .do. .do. 151 Filth Avenue, New York. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Chairman Power plant conservation com- mittee, engineer division. do do .do. -do. -do. .do. .do., .do.. -do., .do.. .do. .do. .do. -do. 14 Wall Street, New York 15 William Street, New York 74 Broadway, New York 25 Broadway, New York Mineola 61 Broadway, New York 14 Wall Street, New York Locust Valley Lawrence Mineola, Long Island 11 De Lap Avenue, Jamaica, Long Island. 104 West Forty-second Street, New York. Mineola Port Washington 1375 Franklin Avenue, Bronx, New York. 61 West Fiftieth Street, New York 53 East Fifty-fifth Street, New York. No. 1 East Seventy-fifth Street, New York. 1043 Clay Avenue, New York 1000 Park Avenue, New York 401 West One hundred and flity- second Street, New York. 640 West One hundred and thirty- ninth Street, New York. 440 West Twentieth Street, New York. 12 West Tenth Street, New York. 162 West Seventy-third Street, New York. 1137 Park Terrace, Plainfleld,N. J. 64 Maple Court, Brooklyn .do. Advisor on invention Power plant conservation com- mittee, engineer division. Inspector .do. .do. Stenographer. Inspector do do do do Stenographer.. Clerk .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do- .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do- .do. Hastings upon Hudson 228 West Seventy-first Street, New York. 726 Back Street, New York 1765 Sedgwick Avenue, New York. Glennbrook, Conn 207 West One hundred and Thirty- fifth Street, New York. 50 Macdougal Street, New York. 98 West One hundred and third Street, New York. 52 Macdougal Street, New York. . 257 Rocklyn Avenue, Lynbrook. New York 497 Hudson Street, New York 61 Broadway, New York. do Filing clerk. . . Stenographer.. Inspector .do. -do. 151 Filth Avenue, New York . do 463 West One hundred and fifty- ninth Street, New York. 1938 Lexington Avenue, New York. do Deputy inspector - Injector do -do. .do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. Stenographer.. Statistician... 61 Broadway, New York 161 Fifth Avenue, New York. . do do Telephone operator. Inspector do Clerk Typist Stenographer 61 Broadway, New York 151 Fifth Avenue, New York. . do do do do 433 East Sixty-fifth Street, New York. Redding Bidge, Bethel, Conn do 995 East One hundred and sixty- seventh Street, New York. 372 WestOne hundred and twenti- eth Street, New York. 1821 Madison Avenue, New York. 602 West One hundred and forty- sixth Street, New York. 115 Norfolk Street, New York 2366 Valentine A enue. New York. New York. . . : 1048 College Avenue, New York. 334 East Fitty-nhith Street, New York. 755 Macon Street, Brooklyn 61 Broadway, New York New York V V V V V V V V V V V V V S V V s V s V V V V V V V V V V s s s s s V s s s s s s s s V s s V V s Oct. Feb. Dec. June Jan. Apr. Feb. Jan. Mar. June Sept. Jan. 21,1918 4, 1918 14,1917 26,1918 23, 1918 25, 1918 2, 1918 30, 1918 1, 1918 26, 1918 1, 1918 16, 1918 Oct. 22,1917 Oct. 25,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Oct. 25,1917 ....do.. Mar. 22,1918 Oct. 25,1917 Sept. 18, 1918 Oct. 25,1917 Nov. 22, 1917 Aug. 31,1918 Aug. 29,1918 Aug. 31,1918 do Oct. 1, 1918 July 29,1918 Oct. 26,1917 Sept. 16, 1918 Dec. 17,1917 Nov. 22,1917 Dec. 10,1917 Oct. 22,1917 Jan. 7,1918 Jan. 4, 1918 Dec. 1, 1917 Aug. 8, 1918 do .do. .do. ....do Oct. 4, 1918 Aug. 8,1918 Jan. 4,1918 Sept. 25, 1918 Nov. 18,1918 Dec. Sept. June Jan. Nov. Feb. Jan. Oct. 14. 1917 26. 1918 8, 1918 15, 1918 1, 1918 1,1918 15, 1918 26, 1917 June 1, 1918 June 12,1918 Jan. 1, 1918 Oct. 14,1918 Dec. 17,1917 ....do Sept. 5,1918 July 15,1918 Oct. 15,1918 Dec. 3,1918 Oct. July Feb. Aug. Oct. 8, 1918 1,1918 6, 1918 5, 1918 30,1918 Nov. 20,1917 Aug. 20,1918 Feb. 4, 1918 Jan. 7, 1918 Feb. 4,1918 Dec. 10,1917 Dec. 31,1918 Mar. 2,1918 Do. Oct. 15,1918 Mar. 30,1918 Sept. 15, 1918 Mar. 27,1918 Mar. 23,1918 Mar. 15,1918 Aug. 17,1918 Jan. 27,1919 Apr. 22,1918 Mar. 17,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Mar. 18,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Deo. 31,1918 Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Jan. 31,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Mar. 1,1918 . Feb. 28,1919 Do. Feb. 15,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Deo. 2, 1918 Dec. 31,1918 Jan. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Jan. 30,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Mar. 15,1918 Mar. 30,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Mar. 21,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 17,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Nov. 7,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Dec. 4, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 15,1918 Feb. 21,1919 Feb. 8, 1919 Jan. 14,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Jan. 15,1918 Mar. 31,1918 Dec. 30,1917 122602—20 17 258 EEPOKT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. NEW YORK— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From- To— COUNTY FUEL COMMIT- TEES— Continue d . New York— Continued. Lenart, Frani, jr Maochioreli, Made- liene. ' Maoklin, Philip. Mallam, Benj. H Mandel Daum, A Many, Wm. C Marasco, Christine . . . Morton, M. E McGreavy, Lillie V . . McNamara, Wm. J... O'Coimer, Michael J . Pickett, J. M Eice, C. S Rostock, Florence G. Sohattan, Margaret... Settle, Vella Smith, Wm.E Smith, Wilbur P Sommers, Edward . . . Stevenson, Geo. H. .. Tekulsky, Morris Tletze, Margaret C . . . Tuthill, BertJ.... Walls, Wm Whitney, Jean B . Wilson, J. E Winters, Jas. J Niagara; Shepard, George G Carr, Ossian E Everhart, A. M Hull, Arthur B James , William G Bowker, Nelson J MoArthur, William M Nichols, Arthur D Sheldon, George B Symes, John T King, Francis G Murphy, Rose Hart,Carma G Oneida: Rathbtm, Frank B Greene W\alter Jerome Lowery, Jenner Quin, Henry Smith, W.J Stevens, Samuel B Jones, Ethel May Loftus, Jai^e G .Onondaga: Chase, Carleton A Wlard, Wimam W. . . . Trump, Edw. N Trump, Charles C Heltman, Henry J . . . Rawson, Grant I Young, E. C Bell, Roy W Baker, Marion W Cowan, Josepliine S . . Cross, Leia M Davy, Florence A Gilgore, Mary Goebel, Sara Hayden, Florence T.. Kew, JaneM Livingston, Edythe N, McM^on, M. Ruth. . McNamara, Jessie Newell, Lula G Peede, Mrs. L. Tilden, Irma. . , Tobin, Etta..., Ontario: Hamlin, George W. . Smith, Martin H Bodley, H. D Dibble, Louis G Haines, E. J Judd, Wm. A Loveless, H. S. G... Parmele, Henry M. . Bagby, Elizabeth. .. Evans, Elsie Clerk... Typist. Inspector do Clerk Inspector Typist , Fileclerk Typist, engineer division.. Inspector , do , Stenographer- Clerk Fileclerk Stenographer., Typist.... Inspector. Clerk Inspector Janitor Inspector Stenographer.. Clerk Inspector Stenographer.. Inspector.. Office boy. Administrator Advisory committee .v^'.doV^v^'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Committeeman , Advisory committee do do do do Chief clerk Stenographer Stenographer and clerk. , Administrator.. Deputy do do do do Stenographer... do Administrator do Administrative engineer Assistant administrative engi- neer. Inspector, engineer division do Smoke inspector Deputy administrator. Stenographer Clerk Head stenographer Clerk ....do do do Stenographer Clerk do Stenographer Clerk Stenographer (engineer division) Stenographer , do 151 Fifth Avenue, New York. . do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. 234 Jefferson Street, Brooklyn Ill East One hundred and Fiftieth Street, New York. 175 Bleeker Street, New York New York 61 Broadway, New York 151 Fifth Avenue, New York. . 61 Broadway, New York 161 Fifth Avenue, New York. . do 61 Broadway, New York 151 Fifth Avenue, New York. . 288 Denton Avenue, Lynbrook. . . 293 North Street, New York 1152 Forty-ninth Street, Brooklyn, 722 Graden Street, Hoboken, N. J. 51 Jane Street, New York 160 West Thirty-fifth Street, New York. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Niagara Falls. do do do do do do ....do ....do ....do do do do Utica. . do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. ....do., Syracuse . do do.... do.... .do., .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do., .do.. .do., .do., .do.. Administrator Deputy Advisory committee. do ....do ....do ....do do Stenographer do Canandaigua. do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do , ....do , ....do , 97 Barry Avenue, Mamaroneck... 68 East One himdred and twenty- first Street, New York. 7 East Eighty-seventh Street, New York. 167 West Seventy-third Street, New York. 976 East Ninety-third Street, Brooklyn. 508 West One hundred and fifty- eighth Street, New York 9 West One hundred and twenty- fourth Street, New York. 3 West Ninety-second Street, New York. 151 East One hundred and twenty- first Street, New York. 173 Willis Avenue, New York 347 West Twenty-first Street, New York. New York 46 Falls Street, Niagara Falls.. . Niagara Falls North Tpnawanda Niagara Falls Lewiston Niagara Falls Lockport Ransomville Middleport Lockport 727 Main Street, Niagara FaUs.. Niagara Falls do Utica ....do ....do do Waterville Rome 1540 Miller Street, Utica 1209 Seymour Avenue, Utica. Syracuse. do.... 1335 Madison Street, Syracuse. 115 Circle Road, Syracuse 550 West One himdred and forty- sixth Street, New York. 1612 Park Street, Syracuse 112 Rugby Road, Syracuse 813 EucUd Avenue, Syracuse 601 Bellville Avenue, Syracuse D olgeville 233 Talman Street, Syracuse 115 White Street, Syracuse 549 Columbus Avenue, Syracuse . . 238 Gordon Avenue, Syracuse 614 Tiu-tle Street, Syracuse 238 Gordon Avenue, Syracuse East Onondaga 724 South Avenue , Syracuse 375 West Onondaga Street, Syra- cuse. Mizpah Hotel, Syracuse 405 Douglas Street, Syracuse. . 1134 West Onondaga Street, Syra- cuse. 72 Main Street, South Canandaigua Geneva Stanley ShortsvlUe '.". Naples .' . " " Clifton Springs Phelps Holcomb Ill Hubbell Street, Canandaigua! ^ 11 Granger Street, Canandaigua. . . V V V V V V V V V V S V V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 26,1917 Sept. 24, 1918 Oct. Jan. Jan. Oct. Sept. Jan. Aug. Sept. Sept. 14,1918 22, 1918 7, 1918 16, 1918 26, 1918 7, 1918 21, 1918 26,1918 5, 1918 Dec. 24,1917 Jan. 7,1918 2, 1918 14, 1918 Aug. Jan. Nov. 2,1918 Dec. 13,1918 Nov. 4,1918 Sept. 26,1918 Sept. 21,1918 Oct. 14,1918 Apr. 29,1918 Jan. 16,1918 Oct. 14,1918 Jan. 8, 1918 Jan. 28,1918 Jan. 7, 1918 Oct. 20,1917 Dec. 15,1917 Oct. 27,1917 Mar. 26,1«18 Dec. 12,1918 Oct. 27,1917 Feb. 1, 1918 Oct. 27,1917 ....do ....do July 1,1918 Dec. 17,1917 Oct. 8,1918 Oct. 29,1917 Nov. 1,1917 Oct. 29,1917 Jan. 26,1918 Feb. 19,1918 Sept. 12, 1918 Sept. 9,1918 Oct. 29,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 8, 1917 July 1,1918 do July 23,1918 Aug. 7, 1918 Aug. Dec. Oct. Sept. July A^r. M!ay July Aug. Feb. Aug. July Nov. May 12, 1918 1, 1917 22, 1918' 13, 1918 10, 1918 19,1918 28, 1918 29, 1918 12, 1918 1,1918 12,1918 5,1918 1,1918 28,1918 Sept. 10, 1918 July 10,1918 July 29,1918 Oct. 22,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do , Oct. 22,1917 Nov. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Mar. 30,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Oct. 31,1918 Feb. 24,1919 Sept. 21, 1918 Jan. 22,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 15,1918 Do. Nov. 2, 1918 Feb. 15,1919 Dec. 15,1918 Feb. 17,1919 Jan. 3i,1919 Feb. 17,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Mar. 15,1918 Oct. 30,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 31,1918 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 5, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 17,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Oct. 8, 1918 Feb. 28, 1919 Sept. 23, 1918 Oct. 15,1918 Jan. 15,1919 Do. Do. Dec. 14,1918 Feb. 23,1919 Dec. 7,1918 Sept. 30, 1918 May 18,1918 Aug. 6,1918 Sept. 6,1918 Sept. 15,1918 Oct. 30,1918 Sept. 15, 1918 Aug. 17,1918 Nov. 30,1918 Jan. 18,1919 Oct. 3, 1918 Oct. 5, 1918 Sept. 30, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. -Do. Feb. 20,1919 Do FEDEEAL FUEL ADMINISTBATOES. 259 NEW YORK— Continued. FDEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To— COUNTY FUEL COMMIT- TEES — continued. Orange: whitehiU, Walter H. Young, Frank H. (successor). Henderson, Wm. A . . . Hyndman George B. Lodge, William T Merritt, Hiram Porter, A. T Rogers, Thomas C . . . Wallace, A. V. D Farrentopf , Jane F . . Parsons, Kathryn Radinsky, Barbara... Wl^itaker, Ruby M.. Orleans: Curtis, J. Coarm Barry, Watson F Church, Fred W Blood, beUW Oswego: Miller, John P Kanapke, Rudolph . . Smith. Grace P Smith, Jane I Otsego: Briggs, Roscoe C Ackerley, Chas. E Cooke, Harris L Hopkins, John M Shelland.C. F Travis, G. E Welch, Ulysses G Shaffer, -ilice A Putnam: Yale, John R MitcheU, Blanche E.. Mitchell, Richard Queens: Ryan, George W Sandham, F. J Kennedy, J. W Blades, Margaret Haslam, Vida Hipp, Freda Holmstrom, Louise. KeUy, L. A McCauley, Arthur C . . Moore, P. W.. Sloup, Rose. . . Weir, John E. Wille, Adele.- Wirt, C. G.... Rensselaer: Cluett, Albert E De Myer, Wm Molean, Edw. K., jr. May, Chas. D Rule, EUenH Richmond: Williams, Otis L Emmons, K. P Rudisill, W. H Stanley, Robert C. Durbrow, Walter. . Park, JanetC Leaney, Frederick Geo. Mulgrew, Alma A., Rockland: Dunlop, G. M Allison, George S.. Bell, John J Moffat, Ben]., jr... Pruden, G. R St. Lawrence: wmson, Walter F... Crosby, E. B Aldrich, Herbert G.. Bowers, George H.... Daly, W.J Sanlord, Herbert J... Austin, Madge E Beck, Frances Beckstead, Augusta .. Hampton, Madge Kingsley, Daisy Saratoga: Kilmer, Clarence B.. Cole, John G Howland, Wm. L Kerley, Thomas Pruyn, F. Eldred.... Upright, J. B Hoey, Chas. L Administrator. do Deputv . do'.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. Clerk.... ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Administrator. Deputv do Inspector Administrator Inspector Clerk and stenographer.. Stenographer Administrator Advisory committee. do do do do do Stenographer Administrator . Clerk do Administrator Secretary Assistant secretary. . Clerk Telephone operator. Stenographer do Messenger. . Office boy.. Clerk and traffic manager. S tenographer Secretary Stenographer Secretary Administrator. Deputy do do Stenographer... Administrator Deputy Power plant conservation com- mittee. do Office assistant Statistician and olBce manager . Janitor Stenographer. Administrator. Deputy do ....do Stenographer . . Administrator Deputy Advisory committee . ....do ....do ....do .do., .do.. Clerk and stenographer. Stenographer Administrator Advisory committee. ....do ....do ....do ....do Secretary Newburgh. do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Albion. do.. do.. do.. Oswego. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Oneonta . do... ....do... do... ....do... do... do... do... Brewster. . ....do.... ....do.... Bridge Plaza, I-ong Island City. do do do do do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. Troy... do. do. do. do. St. George. do do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Spring Valley. do do do ....do Louisville. do do do do do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Newburgh. do Goshen 277 Grand Street, Newburgh Montgomery Newburgh Port Jervis Middletown Goshen 61 Ann Street, Newbmgh 15 Crescent Place, Middletown ... 26 Chestnut Street, Middletown. . 47 Concord Street, Newburgh Albion.. Medina. . HoUey.. Albion.. 23 Federal Building, Oswego 177 East Second Street, Oswego. 87 East Mohawk Street, Oswego. 108 East Fourth Street. Osweso. . Oneonta Richfield Springs Cooperstown Unadilla Oneonta Worcester Edmeston 11 Draper Street, Oneonta. . Brewster. do.... do..... Bridge Plaza, Long Island City . . 316 Amity Street, Flushing 1 Judge Street, F Imhurst 13 Deyo Street, Glendale 107 Wilbur Avenue, Long Island City. 39 Temple Street, Astoria 65 East Avenue, Long Island City. 372 Eleventh Street, Long Island City. 32 Murray Street, Flushing 151 Elm Street, Astoria 151 Wilson Avenue, Plushiiig 136 East Hayes Avenue, Corona.. . 396 Fourth Avenue, Long Island City. Troy 309 Broadway, Rensselaer. , Hoosick Palls 563 Third Avenue, Troy. . . , 21 First Street, Troy 30 Bav Street, St. George. New Brighton St. George 43 Exchange Place, New York 128 Stuyvesant Place, New Brigh- ton. 143 Gregory Avenue, Passaic, N.J. 15 Central Avenue, TompkinsvIIle. 371 Vanderbilt Avenue, Staple- ton, Spring Valley Stony Pohit Nyack Sloatsburg 80 North Seventh Street, Newark, N.J. Louisville. Massena... Louisville. ....do ....do ....do Louisville Massena Racket River . Saratoga Springs . do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Saratoga Springs Waterford Mechanlcsville BallstonSpa Corinth Victory Mills 12 Talford Place, Saratoga Springs, V V V V V V V V V V V s s s V V V V V V V s V s V V s V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Oct. Feb. 24,1917 8, 1918 Nov. 2,1917 Jan. 1, 1918 Nov. 2,1917 do , do Jan. 5, 1918 Nov. Feb. Jan. Nov. Feb. 2. 1917 9. 1918 5, 1918 1,1918 9, 1918 Oct. 18,1917 Nov. 15,1917 Nov. 6,1917 Apr. 1, 1918 Oct. 19,1917 Aug. 1, 1918 Apr. 15,1918 Dec. 14,1917 Jan. 23,1918 do , do Jan. 22,1918 Jaa. 23,1918 Feb. 12,1918 Jan. 23,1918 Oct. 1,1918 Oct. 24,1917 Sept. 9,1918 Oct. 26,1917 Oct. 18,1917 Dec. 2,1918 Jan. 15,1918 Sept. 17,1918 Jan. 15,1918 Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 14,1918 Jan. 17.1918 Jan. 15,1918 do Aug. 7,1918 Jan. 15,1918 Oct. 24,1918 Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 20,1917 Nov. 2,1917 Oct. 26,1917 Dec. 19,1917 Apr. 1,1918 Nov. 12,1917 Aug. 29,1918 Aug. 28,1918 ....do.. Sept. 1, May 1, 1918 Aug. 8, 1918 Nov. 20,1917 Oct. 18,1917 Nov. 6,1917 do ....do. , Oct. 1,1918 Nov. 8, 1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ..-.do Deo. 17,1917 Nov. 12,1917 July 16,1918 Sept. 18,1918 Oct. 16,1918 Oct. 18,1917 do do do do do do Feb. 8,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Feb. 20,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Feb. 20,1919 Apr. 1,1918 Feb. 20,1919 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Feb. 20,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 20,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Feb. 20,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Feb. 15,1919 Feb. 20,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Oct. 23,1918 July 30,1918 Feb. 20,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Dec. 1,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Jan. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 15,1919 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Dec. 31,1918 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do.' Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Feb. 20,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. May 30,1918 Dec. 11,1917 Aug. 20,1918 Oct. 15,1918 Feb. 25,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 20 1919 260 EEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. NEW YORK-Oontinued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMIT- TEES — continued. Saratoga — Continued. Wells, Edith M , Elliott, Edna C , Schenectady: Barry, John G Manson, W. D Schoharie: Hodge, Lester A Moran, Catherine V . . Schuyler: George, William S . . . Chapm, Harry G Clark, A. G Kennedy, Josephine. Seneca: Hughes, Augustus S . Bacon, Wm. F Coryell, J. W Seeley, Chas. P Spaid, FredO wheeler, Wm.D Clark, E.D Steuben: Masson, Luther T Burrell, Chas. C Doherty, John H Heyiugcr, Wm. Sin- clair. Williams, Aaron F. . . Hastings, Fred W Kinunel, John Lawrence, Eay G.. Reynolds, Chas. D . Stein, EobertW... Title. Stenographer.. do Administrator. Deputy Administrator. Stenographer. . Administrator Deputy do Clerk and stenographer.. Administrator. Deputy do do do do Clerk Administrator Local administrator for Canisteo. Local administrator for Corning. . do .do.. Williamson, Louis K . , Masson, L. J Morrow, Edith M Seeor, Mabel Suffolk: Hawkms, E. Eugene, jr. Havens, Archibald S. ConkUn, Douglas Flanagan, Wm. F Terry, L.E Baylis, Russell S Hawkins, Ralph R. Smith, Albert O Warriner, W.I Adam, Francis A Beach, Clarence A Donaldson, Ethel A.. Gerrodette, Maude E. Knobloch, John May, Edward A Treuer, Dorothy M .. Sullivan: Currey, G. F McLaughlin, H. B. (successor). Currey, D. P MoMlllen, Wm. B.... Curtis, Chas. G Featherstone, Ethyl.. Tioga: Hortou, FredC Horton,L. Joshnean. Tompkins: Kimball, Dexter S . . . Briggs, Wm. P Conger, Benn Diedenchs, Herman.. Goodrich, George St. John, HenryA . . . Sawdon, Prof. W. M. Gage, Prof. Victor R. Upton, Prof. G. B.... K&rapetofr,Prof.V... Ulster: Van Etten, John G... Warren: Colvln, Addison B... Angell, Edward M. . . . Collins, Joseph E Fowler, J. Irving Hubbell, Jerome N... Laverj, Chas. B Cochran, Satle E Local administrator for Bath... Local administrator for Way- land. Local administrator for Ham- mondsport. Local fuel administrator for Addison. Local fuel administrator for Co- hocton. Local fuel administrator for Avoca. Local fuel administrator for Hammondsport. Stenographer Administrator Assistant administrator . Advisory committee do.. do.. Chairman, power plant conserva- do.. tion committee. Member, power plant conserva- do. . tion committee, engineer divi- sion. do do.. do do.. Lecturer, engineer division do.. Assistant to administrator do.. Stenographer do.. Clerk do.. Janitor do. . Assistant do. . Stenographer, plant conserva- tion committee. Administrator Liberty . do do... Official station. Saratov Springs. do Schenectady. do Cobleskill. ....do.... Watkins . ....do... ....do... ....do... Seneca Falls. ....do ....do ....do ....do Interlaken. . . Seneca Falls. Hornell. ....do... do... do... -do., .do., .do.. .do.. .do.. .do.. .do.. .do.. .do.. .do. Patohogue. .do., -do., -do., .do.. Deputy . do... do... Clerk.... Administrator Clerk and stenographer.. Administrator Deputy do do do do Chairman plant committee.. Member plant committee. . . . do Inspector Administrator., .do. Advisory committee. do do do do Stenographer .do., .do., -do., .do.. Ow^o. Ithaca., do. .do. do. do. .do. .do. .do. -do., -do. Kingston.... Glens FaUs.. do do do do do do Home address. 184 Church Street, Saratoga Sprmgs. 72 Maple Avenue, Saratoga Springs . Schenectady. do Cobleskill. do.... Volun- teer or salary. Watkins ....do Montour Falls 38 Union Street, Rochester- Seneca Falls Waterloo Romulus Ovid Seneca Falls 106 State Street ,'sene'ca Fails'! Hornell . . Canisteo. Corning.. do.... ..--do Bath Wayland.. Hammondsport . Addison Cohocton Avoca Hammondsport . . 2606University PlaceNW., Wash- ington, D. C. 35 Bennett Street NW., Washing- ton, D. C. Patchogue Center Moriches . Himtington Riverhead Southampton . . . Huntington Patchogue . do J East Main Street, Patchogue. Port Jefferson Bay Shore 20 Vesey Street, Patchogue Rider Avenue, Patchogue 467 East Main Street, Patchogue. . Patchogue do do. Liberty . do... Eoscoe Monti cello.. CalUcoon... Liberty Owego 20 Paige Street, Owego. Ithaca Trumansburg. Groton Ithaca Dryden Ithaca do do do do Kingston Glens Falls do : do do Lake George Warrensburg 15 Washington Street, Gleno Walls. V V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V V s V V V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s Served. From — Oct. 22,1917 Jan. 2, 1919 Nov. 1, 1917 do Oct. 20,1917 Mar. 1,1918 Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 30,1917 do Dec. 1,1917 Nov. 15,1917 do Nov. 17,1917 do do do do Oct. 27,1917 June 26,1918 Nov. 19,1917 do do Nov. 20, 1917 do do Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 20,1917 Dec. 7, 1917 Nov. 20,1917 Nov. 1,1917 Dec. 2,1918 Oct. 23,1917 July 15,1918 Deo. 1, 1917 do do Sept. 10, 1918 do do do Sept. 23,1918 June 10,1918 Sept. 16, 1918 Oct. 1,1918 Nov. 1,1918 Nov. 1,1917 Dec. 13,1917 Oct. 30,1917 Apr. 13,1918 Dec. 19,1917 Dec. 1,1917 Nov. 25,1917 Aug. 19,1918 Nov. 19,1917 Oct. 1, 1918 Oct. 25,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 do do do do Aug. 16,1918 July 23,1918 Aug. 1,1918 Sept. 2,1918 Oct. 20,1917 Oct. 15,1917 do do do do do do To— Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 20,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Oct. 30,1918 Feb. "28, 1919 Feb. 20,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 16,1918 Mar. 31,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 15,1919 Do. »o. Dec. 31,1918 July 20,1918 Jan. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. June 15,1918 Sept. 30,1918 Apr. 10,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Apr. 1,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 ' Feb. 16,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 31,1918 Do. Do. Jan. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. . Do. FEDEEAIi FUEIi ADMINISTKATOBS. 261 NEW YORK— Continued. FDEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. Title. Official station. Uome address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From — To— COUNTY FUEL COMMIT- TEES — continued. Warren — Continued. CoUins, J. Burke Imbrie, Daniel F McPhillips, James Washington: Blandy, J. C Herrington, Helena M. McLaren, L. E Wayne: Gould, Wilson M Weeks, Geo. A Sangree, Wm Sangree, Jennie M Mackin, Anna C Speers, Ruth M Westchester: Law Walter, W., jr... Randall, Paul E. (suc- cessor). Geeding, Asa H Murphy, Wm. A Simpson. W. R Wilder, Stuart Hemstreet, G. P . Alley. Marion Brown, Muriel A., Derrick, Clara H. Flanagan, Frances Mulligan, Katharine S . Sonnenberg, Moses Wyoming: Nash, James E. .' Jones, Edna Yates: Wise, Wm. N Corcoran, M. Frances. Sheppard, George S.. Sheppard, Oliver CONSEEVATION DIVISION. STEAM BOrLEB PIANT ES- SPECTOKS. Albany: Taggart, E. C Anderson, Alex CoughUnuT. N Dodds, George Douglas, H.M Dugan, J. A Dunn, F.S Kenna, J. K. J Leonard, V. Y Miller, Jesse F Muirhead^W., jr... M:ungan, H. A Perkms, Chas. M.. - Ti«ft,E.B Allegany: Cochrane, J. K Bronx: HaU,A.H Broome: Gaylord, Wm. H... De Witt, Fred J ... Hyde, Asa P Ives, Geo. H Miller, Ebner K Morse, Chas. W Hose, WeUer Tyler, Emerson H - Waltman, Wm . Earl.. Wellcr, W Cattaraugus: Reid, Joseph S Cayuga: Ackerman, J. W Chautauqua: Chapman, Owen N... Peterson, Karl Rodgers, Howard S - .. Stimson, Morris H Chemung: Hill, F. H Chenango: Musson, E. F Bradley, Geo. W Cooke, Ezra H Reynolds, Ira Clinton: Bristol, H.E Columbia: Heflerman, D.F Cortland: Titchener, F.L Inspector. Secretary. Member... Glens Falls. do ....do Administrator. Stenographer... Clerk Greenwich . do ....do Administrator Assistant to administrator Deputy Assistant bookkeeper Stenographer and bookkeeper. Clerk and typist Newark. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. Administrator Administrator and deputy. Assistant adm^strator do Chairman engineer division Chairman power plant conserva- tion committee. Member power plant consers'a- tion committee. Stenographer Clerk Stenographer Stenographer and assistant White Plains., --..do Stenographer., Inspector Administrator - Stenographer... .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Administrator Advisory committee. do Stenographer Silver Springs. do Pen Yan. ....do.-.. ....do.... .-..do.... Chairman. Inspector.. do do.... do.... do.... do.-.. do.... do.... do.... do.... do.--- do.... do.... Albany . do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. Chairman. .do. do-... Inspector.. do do...- do.... do.... do.... do.... do Bronx Blnghamton . do Chairman. do Blnghamton . . do do do do Johnson City., Blnghamton - ■ do... Clean . . . Auburn. do do Inspector,. do Chairman. do Inspector. . do do Chairman . do do Jamestown. . do , do , Fredonia Elmira... Norwich . do.... do.... .... do.... Hudson.. Cortland . 18 Center Street, Glens Falls. Glens Falls 292 Glen Street, Glens Falls. . Greenwich 34 Gray Avenue, Greenwich., Hudson Falls Newark do 55 East Union Street, Newark. Newark 40 Butternut Street, Lyons Newark White Plains.. ....do Briarclifl Manor Irvlngton on the Hudson 357 Park Avenue, Yonkers 99 Paine Avenue, New Rochelle. 50 Circle Driveway, Hastings 75 Battle Avenue, White Plains. . , 3 South Broadway, White Plains., White Plains 105 Westmoreland Avenue, White Plains. White Plains 29 Marathon Place, Port Chester. . Silver Springs. do Pen Yan. do... do... do... 791 Myrtle Avenue, Albany. Albany , do 10 Stanwlx Street, Albany... Albany do 126 State Street, Albany 1131 Broadway, Albany 71 Trinity Place, Albany Public Building, Albany Albany do do do 529 Courtlandt Avenue, Bronx . . 82 Maine Street, Blnghamton Blnghamton do... 307 Court Street, Blnghamton 8i Amesbury Street, Blnghamton 55i Davis Street, Blnghamton Johnson City Care Endicott-Johnson Co., Blng- hamton. Blnghamton Care Clark Bros., Clean . Auburn Blaokstone Avenue, Jamestown. 3 Barker Street, Jamestown 16 Grant Street, Jamestown 63 Central Avenue, Fredonia Elmira. 12 Sheldon Street, Norwich Norwich 52 Lackawanna Avenue, Norwich. Norwich Hudson.. Cortland . S S S V S s V V s s V V V s V V V s V V V s V V V \' V V V V V V V V V V V -V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Oct. 10,1918 Oct. 15,1917 May 1, 1918 Nov. 1, 1918 ....do ....do Oct. 24,1917 June 1, 1918 Apr. 1,1918 Oct. 14,1918 June 20,1918 May 27,1918 Nov. 22,1917 Sept. 3,1918 Dec. 17,1917 Oct. 4, 1918 Aug. 15,1918 Aug. 19,1918 Aug. 8, 1918 June July Jan. 6,1918 1, 1918 2, 1918 Nov. 28,1917 May 17,1918 Jan. 21,1918 Oct. 23,1917 Nov. 1,1917 Oct. 25,1917 ....do ....do Nov.j 1,1918 June 1, 1918 do do do do ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do.. .do.. .do.. .do.. -do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ....do.. .do.. .do., .do., .do.. .do., .do-. ..do.. Feb. 28,1919 Apr. 30,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Dec. 31,1918 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Oct. 30,1918 June 30,1918 Sept. 3,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Sept. 1,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Do. Do. Jan. 7, 1919 Jan. 1, 1919 Feb. 23,1918 Feb. 28,1919 June 30,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 262 EEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIOIT. NEW YORK— Continued. CONSERVATION DIVISION— Continued. Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volmi- teer or salary. Served. To— CONSEBTATION DIVlalON- continued. STEiM BOILEE PLANT IN- SPECTOKS— continued. Eelaware: Graliam, H. S... Dutchess: Folger, W. Glen Daggett, J. F . . . Gillespie, D. G.. Chairman . Paulding, W. D. Leitch, Meridith Erie: Alverson, H. B Danforth, L Hill,E.M Huhbard, F.B Keger, E. E...... Mohegan, John Herkimer: Parsons, Edmond S. . . Jeflerson: CahiU, Robert E Kings: LoEee,L. Hr. Adler, Prof. A. A Barber, James Anderson, Charles Baxter, Chas Bennett, A. L Birmingham, W. J Boughton, W. A Braim, John J Brundage, W. P Burke,M.J Calvin, Edwin Cassidy, P. F Cole, E.J Cole.H Cole.T.H Cole, W. D Corbett,P Cush.T.F Dlokerson, B. L Downey, W. W Downey, W Duddleston, C Enggren, C. A Friedrick, George Gallinger, D GeLshion, J Gildersleeve, C. B Greene, B.C Greve, Wm. H Griener, Fred Gutteridge, H , Haggerty,C. H , Haner, L.V Hensen, N , Hanson, H Harsen, Joseph Holgan,W. J Hopkins, C. E , Jobson, W. T Kaley, George O Keehan, M EeUy, J. S Lane, C. E Leedham, Cajus Lewis, George Lewisk, Warren D . . . Lindberg, John Lupton, J. F MacLean, S. H McCormick, E . A McCormick, J. C McGowan, J. B Martin, J.P Meinzer, W. T Mills, G.J O'Mara, P O'Toole, J. J Patton, J. H PriohardjC. J Ragga, E Eofl, G.W Rourke, R. J Schenck, G. H Shaw.H.N Shields, J. C Smith, J.E States,0 Sutton, A Turner, S.J Vergeer, Peter Walker,Wm.C Westervelt, J. E Witherspoon, H Wright,S.A York.W. F Zink,N, do Inspector.. do do.... do.... do.... Delhi Poughkeepsie. Chairman . Inspector.. do do.... do.... do.... Buflalo.. ....do.. ....do., .-..do.. ....do.. ....do.. Chairman. lUon. .do. do Special inspector.. Inspector do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Special inspector. . Inspector Special inspector . . Inspector do do do Special inspector.. Inspector do do do do Special inspector . . Inspector do do Special inspector.. Inspector do Special inspector.. Inspector do do do Special inspector. . do do Inspector do do do Special inspector.. Inspector do do do do do do do do Special inspector.. Inspector Special inspector.. Inspector Special inspector.. do do do Inspector do Special inspector.. Inspector do Watertown . Brooklyn. .. Belhi 236 Main Street, Poughkeepsie- Care General Electric Co., Buffalo. 70 EUicott Street, Buffalo EUlcott Square Building, Buffalo . Care Pierce Arrow Co., Buffalo — Care Lackawanna Steel Co., Buffalo. Buffalo 202 Second Street, Ilion ' 118 West Lynde Street, Watertown . 188 Montague Street, Brooklyn V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V June 1,1918 .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. .....do. ....do. .do. .do. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do... .do., .do.- .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do.. ..do., .do., -do.. ..do., -do.. ..do-. ..do-. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do-. ..do.. ..do.. ..do-. ..do-, .-do.. ..do.. ..do-- --do.- ..do.. .-do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do-. ..do., --do-- ..do.. ..do., .-do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do., --do-, .-do-. --do. ...do. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOKS. 263 NEW YORK— Continued. CONSERVATION DIVISION— Continued. Name. Ofllcial station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From — To- CONSEKTATION DIVISION— continued. STEAM BOILEB PLANT IN- SPECTORS — continued. Madison: Herr, Irving Carsler, Herman.. Ellis.r.S Gale,H.P Keesler.CljdeC. Lee, Harry Wagner, F.S Monroe: Covill,AldenL.. Howes, Franklin. Chairman . Inspector.. do do do do do Kenwood . Canastota . Kenwood. Canastota . Oneida Canastota . Onoida Oneida Canastota, Oneida Sprague, O.U.... Barker, Kotert J. Chairman . Member. . . ....do Inspector. . Rochester. ....do 1224 Granite Building, Rochester. 34 Clinton Avenue, Rochester Roches ter. BennettJraW Bulana, Frank Cheetham, Fred G . . - DavlSjH. L - Desmond, Frederick J. Devendorfi, Wm. F. . Hunt, Herman Lyons, Edward McNamara, R. E Powell,!. E Putnam, J. F .do., .do.. .do., .do., .do., -do., .do., -do., .do., .do.. 619 Chamber of Commerro Buijd- ing, Rochester. Rochester. -...do ....do ....do ....do .-..do 1687 Clifford Avenue, Rochester. . 246 Electric Avenue, Rochester... 818 Granite Building, Rochester.. 81 May Street, Rochester 470 Court Street, Rochester 15 Cawj er Street, Rochester Randall, Harry RosSjCharles Sterling. Geo. Robson. Ward.H.C Welsh, H.S Woods, G.W Montgomery: Prefntlce, Edward H . Nassau: Erskine, James D New York: ^ . . . Falderman, Frederick Low,r.R Arnold, J Baldwin, Frank E — Bamett, J. A Barton, W.E Batterman, Wm Beaven, H. C Begenhart, Leopold. . Beinert, A.J Birley,Ed.J Blume, Moses Brodsky -Frank. Brooks, C.J Brown, F.M Brudi, A.L Carlson, Rudolph Cartridge, Fred L Crosby, Orrin H Croty, Thomas F Davis, H Donahue, Lawrence. . Douglas,F.W Edward, C.G Felderman, J Fichter, Morris M Foss, Archibald C Foster, H.C Gaines, James Garth, Braisted Goodwin, J. A Greenwald, Louis — Gulden, R.S Harmon, A . Hermes,S Higgins, John S Hirchbach, Walter — Hughes, Edward C. .. Hughes, Joseph D. E . Julian, A.L Karlson, C. A Kempe, J. A Kerr, Wm. J £Zilgon, George E Knowles, Horace G . . Koppell , Michael Laflen, A Lanagan, George E--. Levy, Sigmund Levy, C Liebler, J. F Love, John J — ; — McKlllip, John J Mahoney, Geo. F Mann, C. A Matt, JohnC Matthews, Robert — Maxwell, J. S Meisner, C Mojloy, J. C .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do.. -do.. Rochester. .do., .do.. 34 Clinton Avenue, North Roch- ester. , do 89 Santee Street, North Rochester, Rochester. do do..... Chairman. do .Amsterdam . New York. . . 334 Sawyer Street, Rochester 1208 Granite Building, Rochester. 67 Exchange Building, Rochester 47 East Main Street, Amsterdam. . 104 West Forty-second Street, New York, do do Special Inspector. , do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Inspector Special inspector , . do Inspector Special inspector , do do do do do Inspector Special inspector . . do do do do do Inspector Special inspector . , . ,.do do do do do Inspector Special Inspector . do do do Inspector Special inspector . .....do do Inspector do do Special inspector . do do do do do V V v \ V V V '\' \' V V V \- V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V June 1,1918 ....do ....do ...do -...do ....do ....do ....do ....do .-..do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do --..do ---.do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do .--.do ..-.do ....do -.-.do ....do ....do .-..do .i...do .--.do .--.do .--.do .-.-do .-..do .--.do ....do .-..do .-..do .-..do .---do ....do ....do ....do -...do ....do: ..-.do ...do ....do ....do ....do ....do --..do ..-.do .-..do ....do ...do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ..--do ..-.do ....do ....do ....do .,..do ....do ....do .-..do ....do -.-.do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Feb 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do, Do, Do, Do, Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do, Do, Do, Do, Do, Do, Do. Do. Do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, 264 EEPORT OF ADMINISTBATIYE DmSION. NEW YORK— Continued. CONSERVATION DIVISION— Continued. Name. Title. OfBcial station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From — To- consSkvation division— continued. STEAM BOILER PLANT IN- SPECTORS— Continued. New York— Continued. Montagna, John Morse, B. J Nehring, Fred Nehrtng, Paul Eaisler, Samuel Ravin, J Robinson, L. J Scliindler, P. A Schwab, Leo S Schwartz, Joseph Schwartz, G. Singer, L Snyder, B. H Stansfleld, W. T Strahman, John . . Streeton, Wm Taylor, A Van Brunt, P Wagner, Charles Watkins, G Whitehead, H. H.... Williams, M Young, Jerome G Zittell, Frederick Niagara: Bliss, Wm. L Fort, E. J Hooker, A. H Kipp, H. E Oneida: Munson, E. G Brunner G. L Burrill, M. G Carlyle, C,A Campbell, R. G Clark, R. H Dougherty, P. J Downie, Russell Foster, W. B Eraser, R. M Giblin, J. J Hughes, W. Jotmson, M. H McCoy, F. H Myers, Charles T Newton, J. L Putnam, George I — Schneider, P. W Simpson, J. W Stanley, F. H Sweet, H. B Wellman, J. D Witherspoon, R. G.., Onondaga: Graham, W. P Acheson, Albert R - . . Barnes, J. S Blinn, E. R ■• Boggs, Frank Callaston, Harry Edgerton, E. I, Elliott, B Fryer, Geo. G Gordon, R. M Greeley, E. R Hager, Edward C Hamilton, Earl Heltman, H.J Herbert, Chas. G Herbreint, John J. . . Herriek, Charles J Highmore, A. B La^elle, John Leavery, A. A Mackie.E. M Marscher, A. H Mosner , John Noble, Ray C Palmrose, Alex Patterson, J. C Pfleidever, Emil Porter, R. A Schemerborn, John. . Smith, R. L Street, L. N Taylor, W.E TerquiaiuH. G Trump, C C Trump, E.N Vaylor, W. E Wallace, Wm. D Warner, Stewart Whitney, Richard D. • Ontario: Seybolt, H. K Special inspector. do ....do ....do ....do do do do do •. do do .....do...., do--..' Inspector Special inspector . ..:..do do do liispector., Special inspector . .....do do do do Chairman . Member.-. do -L-.dO Niagara Falls. NiagaraFalls . Uhairman Inspector ,.l..do .....ao .....do ..■-.. do. --i Special inspector . Inspector — do Special inspector . do do Inspector do do Special inspector . Inspector Special inspector. Inspector do do do do Utica . 1823 Kemble Street, Utica.. Chairman . Inspector.. do do do do do do do do do do.... do.... do.... do do.... do do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... 1220 Miller Street, Utica. Syracuse . do...- 1205 Harrison Street, Syracuse. 852 Ostrom Avenue, Syracuse.. Syracuse . do.-.. Syracuse 659^Madison Street, Syracuse. Syracuse . Dellaye Building, Syracuse. Syracuse . Solvay Process Co., Syracuse . Syracuse . ....do... 132 North Warren Street .Syracuse. 206 McAllister Avenue, Syracuse. Syracuse. Syracuse. 308 East Water Street, Syracuse. ., 1201 Harrison Street, Syracuse ." '. '. Syracuse . 100 Avondale Place, Syracuse. Syracuse . do... Syracuse. do... Syracuse. Syracuse. Chairman.. Syracuse . Syracuse . Syracuse. ^do... Syracuse !!!!!!!!!! 871 Livingston Avenue, Syracuse. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V June 1, do.- --.-do-- ..--do.- do-- do-. do- ---.do-, ----do- ..-.do.- .---do.. .---do.- .--.do.. ....do.. ....do.. ...-do-., ..--do- ....do.., -...do.., ....do.-, -..-do-, -..-do--, -...do.., ....do... 1918 .do. -do-, -do-, .do-, .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., -do., -do., .do., .do., -do., .do., -do., .do-, -do-, -do-, -do-, -do., -do., .do., .do., -do., -do-, -do-. ,..do-- ,-.do-. ,..do.. ...do.. ...do.. ..do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do- ...do.. ...do- ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. • Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. DO. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTKATOKS. NEW YORK— Continued. CONSERVATION DIVISION— Continued. 265 Name. Title. CONSEBVATION DIVISION— continued. STATE BOILEB PLANT IN- | sPECTOKs— continued, i Orange: Bryant, P. J Member. Hall.D. K 1 do Official station. Hampson, D. A Llndberg, I. J Oswego: Clmroldll, JoimC.. Burnett, E.F Ck>usii>s, Charles . . . Cramer, E Dlment, Elwood... Fitigibbons, David »„ Gaskill, J. G I do HaUoch,H. F ; do... Kedy, S. F do... McKay, P. F \ do.... ■Wadhams, D. T do Otsego: I Shelland, Charles F . . . j Chairman Queens: Smith, L.C.L I do... West Point.. Southfields... do I Middletown. . do ! Newburgh. . . Chairman. Inspector.. do ....do ....do.... do.... Murphy, E. J Special inspector Rensselaer: Green, Prof. Arthur [ Chairman M., jr. j Bagg, F. S I Member plant cotomlttee . Bradley, W. J ' do DuPriest, J. E do Fairfield, J. G do Gallagher, F.E do Palsgrove, I. K Member Taylor, D.B do WUson, E.J ; do St. Lawrence: Hall, Henry M ' Chairman Saratoga: Eckstrom, Axel Member Knickerbocker, John do Lampe, Fred J. i do Mallery, J. S do Melville, George ' do Wilson, L. G j do Schenectady: I Barry, J. G Chairman Schoharie: FuUerton, W.J Inspector Schuyler: C&tUn, W. A I Chairman Oswego. do.., do... do.. Minetto . Oswego . do.. do.. Mraetto. Oswego . Fulton.. Oneonta. Plaza Court Building, -Long Is- land City. Troy. Massena. Albany Waterford Mechanicsville Victofy Mills Corinth South Glens Falls.. Schenectady Howe Cave. . Hicham, H. G i Inspector 1..7 Suffolk: Halsav, Wallace H Chairman j Tioga: Mallery, H. D ; do | Owego Toinpkins: Putnam, J. F ' Inspector i Ulster: Chairman Hurley.. Inspector Member Kingston. . Warren, Wm. A Van Voorhis, F. S... Eodie, John D Warren: Starbuck, Frank H. Westchester: Wilder, Stuart Yates: Tyler, W.J .,. Andrews, Clarence R Lamareaux, A Short, Henry Webbie, Wm. C Chairman. .do.. do Inspector.. do do do Home address. West Point.. Southfields... Middletown.. Newburgh . . . Oswego Peoples Gas & Electric Co.,Oswego . Oswego Kingsford Foundry Works,Oswego. Minetto Oswego do do Minetto Oswego Fulton Oneonta Plaza Court Building, Long Is- land City. Troy. Massena D. and H. Railway, Albany. Waterford Mechanicsville Victory Mills Corinth South Glens Falls Schenectady . Howe Cave... Owego . Volim- teer or salary. Glens Falls.. Mount Vernon. Hurley 44 West Chestnut Street, Kingston. Glens Falls Mount Vernon V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V 'v V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- lune 1,1918 do do do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ..do. .do.. .do. .do. .do. .do., .do. .do. .do. .do. .do.. .do. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do.. .do.. -do.. -do.. .do.. .do.. -do.. .do., .do., .do.. ..do.. .do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. To- Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. NORTH CAROLINA. The activities of the fuel administration for North Carohna were under the direction of the original appointee, Mr. A. W. McAlister, of Greensboro, from the beginning of the 1918 coal year to June 28, 1918, and this review embodies the activities of the office for the above-named period as indicated by the records, as well as the period from June 28, 1918, to January 1, 1919. The 1st day of April, 1918, found practically every county chairman or his representative in meeting in the city of Greensboro, pursuant to call, for the purpose of considering the problems facing the fuel adminis- tration for the ensuing coal year, and to hear an address from Mr. L. A. Snead, of Washington. A general discussion followed the address of Mr. Snead, which resulted in the adoption of a uniform declaration card for all counties and the development of plans for carrying out the directions and suggestions of the United States Fuel Administration relative to early buying of coal. The meeting afforded opportunity for the exchange of ideas and doubtless had a decided influence on the successful activities of the local committees in the period following. For many weeks following the Greensboro meetiri'g, the State ofl&ce gave its attention to the directions of the United States Fuel Administration, advising consumers to establish connection with their usual sources of supply, where zoning permitted; and information was furnished covering the location of zones and the names of operating companies in the various zones supplying this State. Assistance was rendered consumers of all classes in establishing connections where they were unable to do so by their own efforts, with the result that retail dealers, industrial plants and other consumers were at least partially successful in establishing contract connections for the greater part of the tonnage required by them for the coal year. Along with this effort a campaign urging early buying of coal was persistently waged to the end that retail dealers had on file July 1 declaration cards for practically all the coal required by domestic consumers for the year ending March 31, 1919. Circular letters and general correspondence, together with newspaper publicity, kept local com- mittees and the consuming public advised of all orders and regulations as issued, and information was furnished on all subjects relating to production, distribution and price fixing of coal. The foregoing relates briefly to the work carried on by Mr. McAlister during the period above referred to. With the appointment of the present incumbent, following Mr. McAlister's resignation, the offices of the State administration were moved from Greensboro to Winston-Salem. The entire State organization, so ably perfected by Mr. McAlister, was continued. As a result of this, and because of the fact that Mr. C. L. Shuping, the faithful and efficient executive secretarj^, patriotically gave up his law practice in the city of Greensboro to continue his connection with the fuel administration and several experienced stenographers moved to Winston-Salem with the administration, every detail of the work was continued without the slightest inter- ruption. Promptly after the writer assumed the duties of the office of the State fuel administrator plans were adopted and immediately put under way for making a systematic survey of the coal needs of North Carolina. Separate surveys were made of the requirements of domestic consumers through retail dealers, of industrial plants of all classes, of public utilities, of State and county institutions, of public and private educational institutions, and of charitable organizations. FoUowing this an additional survey was made to ascertain pres- ent and former sources of supply of all consumers. These surveys enabled the office to open an individual account with the 339 retail dealers and 1,080 industrial plants in this State, showing receipts for the coal year April 1, 1917, to March 31, 1918, and requirements from April 1, 1918, to March 31, 1919, together with tonnage on hand April 1, 1918, and receipts April 1, 1918, to July 1, 1918. Beginning with July 1, 1918, weekly reports of coal dealers and industries made it possible to determine the exact standing of coal stocks of all consumers as represented by these accounts. All accounts were classified imder the following heads : Retail dealers, brick, flour, furniture, oil, fertihzer and lime, public utilities, tanneries, textile, tobacco, wood-working, misceUaneous, schools and colleges, hospitals and orphanages. The accounts of retail dealers were arranged under the heads of counties, towns, and dealers in alphabetical order. This arrangement made it possible to determine the requirements, receipts, and storage of the State •266 FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTKATOBS. 267 as a whole, of the county as a unit, and of a given community or individual coal dealer. With the industries classified and alphabetically arranged it was possible to determine the requirements, receipts and storage, not only of individual plants, but of a given industry as a whole, as well as of all the industries in the State. These accounts, with the files built up by the various surveys, were indispensable in handling the fuel situation for this State. A modern filing system was maintained, embracing more than 1,500 files, covering all the correspondence of the office, with open files so as to insure prompt attention and follow-up until final disposition. The average weekly correspondence reached nearly 2,000 pieces of incoming and outgoing mail matter. The allotment of only a small fractional part of the normal annual receipts of Pocahontas and New River coal against normal annual receipts of 1,250,000 tons was the principal disturbing factor in the coal supply for the State of North CaroHna. This fact, together with the large orders placed in the southwest Virginia fields for shipment of domestic sizes to camps and cantonments, made it necessary to find new sources of supply for a large number of the industries and retail dealers in the State. As a result, it was necessary for this office to place approximately 2,000 requisitions covering the movement of more than 7,000 cars of coal. All requi- sitions were handled in the following manner: Original requisition to district representative, a copy to the local chairman, 'a copy to consignee and a copy retained for the records of this office. On receipt of a copy of a formal order of the district representative on a producing coal company or jobber, the local county chair- man and consignee were notified and the notice covered the details of the order. Acute situations arising out of conditions above referred to were relieved from time to time by diversions of Tidewater coal by the Fuel Administration at Washington at the request of this office. As a result of these diversions, of the activities of this office and of the movement under contract and strict purchase, a total of approximately 36,000 cars of coal moved into the State from April 1 to December 1, 1918. Following the storage limitation order^ a careful check was kept on all coal stocks, and shipments were ordered discontinued or increased as the limits of the order required. Much time was spent in personal con- ference with individuals and delegations from aU sections of the State, with satisfactory results. Price fixing for both coal and wood'received attention, and recommendations of local committees were approved when in fine with the general plan ; a minimum of complaints indicates a satisfactory handling of this matter. Prompt unloading and release of equipment was constantly urged and all requests of the railroads in this particular were immediately handled. As a result of the failure of the Lever Act to convey authority for fixing the price of fuel wood, this office found it necessary to appeal to the United States Fuel Administration for authority to place a general embargo limiting the movement of fuel wood. This authority was granted and a formal order was issued restricting the movement of fuel wood to local territory by limiting the rail shipment to 30 miles, except upon permission of the State fuel administrator. Permission was not granted without recommendation of the chairman in whose county the shipment originated and the chairman in whose county shipment should find its destination, stating in writing that the wood was not needed in the county in which it was produced and was needed in the county in which it was to be shipped. This guaranteed a local supply relieved of the competition of the dis- tant and larger market. The termination of hostilities relieved the fuel situation to such an extent as to make possible the cancellation of this order, eflfective December 16, 1918. The organization of the conservation division was hardly more than perfected and under way when conditions made this department, while desirable and full of promise, no longer justified at Government expense. A report of this department will be made in detail by Mr. Charles E. Waddell, of AsheviUe, N. C, director of conservation for North Carolina. The loss of Pennsylvania anthracite produced a situation hard to handle; and the movement of Virginia anthracite was subject to so many changes and the allotment so small as hardly to justify giving it a place in this report. Cooperation and satisfaction have been the rule; the few exceptions have served as proof of this statement. Not a whimper has been in evidence when the facts proved the Government's need. The more than 350 members of the State organization have served with loyalty and efficiency. The joy of service has been the reward, and exultation at our Nation's victory fuU pay. Eespectfully submitted. -r. ^ t.t Xt. C. NORFLEET, Federal Fuel Administrator for North Carolina. Winston-Salem, N. C, December 27, 1918. 268 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. ACTIVITIES OF THE CONSERVATION BUREAU. Olject of the work. — In line with the policy adopted for other States, the United States Fuel Administration, in the late summer of 1918, undertook to conserve fuel in North Carolina by enlightening the public in the most approved scientific methods. The campaign was conducted by a commission composed of a director and an advisory committee, whose services were voluntary. Efforts were made to conserve fuel in hotels, in private plants, in large industrial steam plants, and in ice and refrigerating plants ; and to substitute, wherever possible, the use of hydroelectric power for steam power. Personnel of the commission. — The conservation commission was selected with a view to representing every portion of the State and was composed of men of various activities, in order that it might be as broad in its methods and views as possible. The personnel consists of the foUowing: Mr. C. C. Covington, a large importer of Wilmington, whose activities extend into Canada, and who is closely identified with the civic institutions of his home city; Mr. W. A. Erwin, of Durham, one of the largest textile manufacturers of the State, who is prominent in many public enterprises; Mr. W. S. Lee, of Charlotte, vice president of the Southern Power Co., one of the largest power systems in the country, furnishing power for the majority of the industrial plants and cities in the State; Mr. W. C. Kiddick, president of the Agricultural and Engineering College at Kaleigh, and an engineer by profession; Mr. Eeuben B. Robertson, manager of the Champion Fibre Co. (one of the largest pulp and paper miUs in the country) and a close student of efficiency and industrial organization; Mr. Thomas W. Raoul, president of the Albemarle Park Co., of Asheville, a leader in hotel management in the State; Mr. E. M. Jones, principal assistant engineer in the office of Charles E. Waddell, consulting engineer, whose valu- able assistance both in advice and in preparation of data the director desires to acknowledge; and Mr. Charles E. Waddell, director of conservation, a consulting engineer of Asheville, who for many years has been engaged in the hydroelectric and industrial development of the Southern States. The .State of North Carolina includes three- distinct formations. The eastern section, which is an alluvial plain, is, at points, semi tropical in climate, due to the nearness of the Gulf Stream. The middle, or Piedmont, section has a mild climate where severe weather is the exception. The western section, which is mountainous, is the oldest formation of the American Continent and the highest land east of the Mississippi River. The climate of the western portion does not differ materially from that of Pennsylvania. In any conservation policy three distinct problems were to be considered. In the eastern portion of the State there are but few houses fitted with heating equipment. The majority use open fires, and in general burn pine wood. The industrial plants are electrically operated, and the friction of the machinery generates sufficient heat to temper the buildings. In the central portion of the State heat is used but for a few months and only occasionally during these. From the economic standpoint it has not paid in the past to install highly efficient heating plants in the industrial establishments and in private homes. The interest on the first cost, together with maintenance and depreciation of modern highly efficient plants, far exceeds the waste due to a less efficient and more crude installation. The majority of the industrial plants are electrically operated. In the western part of the State the territory is sparsely settled, there are few industries, and the one center is the city of Asheville. The plants contiguous to this area are built for higher fuel efficiency and are, in the main, modern. Fuel and transportation. — Bituminous coal from the Virginia and Tennessee coal fields is, almost without exception, the fuel used in North Carolina. A small quantity of Virginia anthracite is used and a stiU smaller quantity of Pennsylvania anthracite. The use of anthracite is so exceptional as to be negligible. During the coal shortage former users of anthracite resorted, in most instances, to the use of gas coke. The transportation factor is a serious consideration in obtaining fuel. As is generally recognized, eastbotmd freight movement is the loaded train. Since the coal fields lie to the west and northwest of the State, it neces- sarily follows that the movement of fuel and the return of empties is a burden to already heavy railroad traffic. To complicate the situation, there are only a few single-track roads entering the State from the coal fields and, with the exception of points of entry to the far east, all coal-handling railroads are over mountain ranges. Power systems of North Carolina. — The power companies, huge though they are, have not been able to keep pace with the rapid industrial development of the Carolmas. As a consequence, numerous miUs of the older type are stfil forced to use the steam plants as auxiliaries at certain seasons of the year. The Southern Power Co. is now completing a development of 23,000 kilovolt-amperes at Bridgewater in the foothills of the mountams in North Carolma, and a development of 82,000 kilovolt-amperes at Wateree in South Carolina. At the time the conservation commission was formed these two developments were practically complete, with the exception of closing the dams. Autumn is the most favorable season for closmg dams, due to low water. The most effective work of this commission was enhstmg the services of the United States Employment Service m permitting the Southern Power Co. to recruit labor and m assisting them in so doing. FEDEKAL PtTBL ADMINISTBATORS. 269 As stated, the plants were finished, and it is estimated that by closing the dams power sufficient to release 530,000 tons of coal per annum will be available in the North Carolina systems. The conservation commission has urged, wherever possible, that secondary customers buy steam-generated electric power rather than operate their own plants. This recommendation has been made because the power companies, where generatuig from steam, were securing a higher efficiency than the isolated plants. It not only presented an easier problem to get fuel to large central plants, but it also released a large number of employees occupied iu running the isolated plants, whose services could be more valuably employed elsewhere. Questionnaires.— In conformity with the pohcy e^tabHshed by the Washington office of the Fuel Admin- istration, the standard questionnahes that had been prepared were sent to all known North Caroliua mdustries. The response from the mdustrial estabHshments was most gratifymg, and the mterest manifested was greater than had been expected. Unfortunately, the questionnaire was so drawn that it was not altogether applicable to local conditions, and the rating of the industries according to the established percentage for the several conditions conveyed no adequate information as to the economic standard of the plant; for, as has been pointed out, the industries of North Carolina, by reason of climate, are not justified in the installation of the elaborate equipment contemplated in the questionnaires. In our opinion there exists in North Carolina the opportunity for the conservation of large quantities of fuel ly improved methods and modified equipment, lut the problem must he solved locally, and generalities derived from other sections are not applicable. Assistance ofhoUer insurance companies. — In a letter addressed to the fuel administration by Mr. Cliarles S. Blake, dated May 24, 1918, the services of the boiler insurance companies were offered to the Government. Taking advantage of this offer, the conservation commission compiled a list of all insurance companies doing business in the State of North Carolina and addressed letters to them requesting the assistance oi their inspectors in checking up and returning the questionnaires. The request met with a most hearty response from all the companies addressed, these being as follows: Fidelity & Casualty Co., New York; Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection & Insurance Co., Atlanta; Mary- land Casualty Co., Baltimore; Ocean Accident & Guaranty Corporation, New York; Royal Indemnity Co., New York; Travelers Indemnity & Insurance Co., Hartford. Pursuant to the plan adopted by the Washington office, identification cards were issued to the inspectors. The director desires to call particular attention to, and to emphasize, the interest and assistance given by these insurance companies, and publicly to acknowledge thanks for their cooperation. With the exception of two paid assistants, the conservation work in North Carolina depended entirely on voluntary services. Unlike other States, North Carolina had not the benefit of paid technical assistance and, save for the help rendered by the insurance companies and the well-nigh universal interest and cooperation of the industries of the State, the commission could have accomplished nothing. PuHlicity. — The newspapers of the State have also rendered valuable assistance by publishing articles set- ting forth the aims and purposes of the fuel administration and suggestions as to fuel economy which can be practiced by housenolders and other small users of coal. The publicity campaign was further pursued by sending out pamphlets and other conservation literature through the local fuel administrators. Ice plants. — The Washington office of the fuel administration, previous to the organization of the North Carolina commission, compiled lists of the ice and refrigerating plants of the State. These data were sent to the conservation commission with the directions to require, wherever possible, the elimination of duplicate facilities. This was done in every instance except where the local fuel administrators advised that conditions did not warrant consolidation. The voluntary action on the part of all the ice companies was most commendable. Effects of the campaign. — The work was of too short duration to form a very accurate opinion as to what was accomplished. It may be stated, however, that inquiries poured in from various industries begging for help and advice, and several mills have reported that by reason of the suggestions offered they have effected material reductions in their fuel consumption. One mill reported that 40 per cent of the fuel was saved and that the mill was selling fuel that it had expected to use this winter in heating its buildings. In several other instances large and notable hotels have adopted suggestions offered, resulting in not only a saving of fuel and a general conservation, but a more satisfactory service to their guests. The commission considers its most effectual work the assistance rendered the Southern Power Co. in securing labor to complete the Bridgewater and Wateree developments of that company. Eespectfutly submitted. Charles E. Waddell, State Director of Conservation for North Carolina. Winston-Salem, N. C, December 27, 1918. 270 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. NORTH CAROLINA. Name. McAlister.A.W. (resigned). Norfleet, B. C STATE ADVISORY BOARD. Graham, E.K. (deceased) Poe, Clarence Scales, A. M KilRore, B. W Holmes, J. S Gray, James A STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Shuplng, C, L Anthony, Tince Blackwood, Sallle Best.W.T Brooks, Bertha Dalton, Ethel Godbey, Earle Holshauser, Mrs . C . W . . . Jenkins, Same Jennings, Mrfe. J Stewart, 0. T Trent, Kubye Waynick, Capus M. , Wharton, Kathleto Title. State fuel administrator. . ....do Executive secretary Stenographer do Member pubUcity committee.. Stenographer do Member pubhcity committee.. Stenographer do do Traffic manager Clerk Member pubhcity committee. Stenographer Official station. Greensboro Winston-Salem. Chapel HiU Raleigh Greensboro Raleigh Chapel HiU Winston-Salem . Winston-Salem. do do Greensboro Winston-Salem . Winston-Salem. ....do do ....do Greensboro Greensboro. , Home address. Greensboro Winston-Salem. Chapel Hill Ealeigh Greensboro Ealeigh Chapel Hill Winston-Salem . Greensboro do Winston-Salem. Greensboro 147 Broad Street, Wtnston-Salem. 352 West Lee Street, Greensboro. . 914 Jersey Avenue, Wlnston-Salem. Greensboro Winston-Salem..,. Greensboro ' Greensboro. . Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V Served. I^om — Sept. 28,1917 June 28,1918 Oct. 10,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do July 1,1918 Oct. Dec. Aug. Dec. Oct. July Oct. Oct. July Nov. Sept. Jan. Oct. Jan. 10,1917 24, 1917 1, 1918 1, 1917 10. 1917 12. 1918 1, 1917 10. 1917 17. 1918 23. 1917 15. 1918 3,1918 1, 1917 14, 1918 To— June 28,1918 Mar. 31,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 31,1919 Do. Feb. 15,1919 Apr. 1, 1918 Jan. 31,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Apr. 1,1918 July 20,1918 Nov. 5, 1918 Aug. 18,1918 Jan. 8, 1919 July 16,1918 Apr. 1, 1918 Feb. 2, 1918 FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES. Burlington: Sharpe, W. E ., chairman, Dunn: Young, E . F., chairman. Elkin: Roth, G. T., chairman. . High Point: Smith, O. D., chairman. Snow, W. E., chairman. Lyon, Arthur LeaksvlUe and Spray: Wall, E. E., chairman. . Mebane: Ray, U. S., chairman. . . Warren, B. P Crawford, W.S Morehead City: Webb, W. M., chairman. Hales, W. J.^ chairman. . Taylor, E. W Leary, L. Iv Thomasville; Lambeth, Frank S., chairman. Hinkle,W.G Morris, J. A Wake Forest; White, E. B., chairman. Weldon: Daniels, W. E., chair- man. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES. Alamance: Long, J. Elmer, chair- man. Scott, Charles A White, Sam Alexander; Connolly, J. C, chair- man. Alleghany; Carson, T. J Anson: Liles, W. Henry, chair- man. Ashe; Colvard, J. B., chairman Neal.P. H TayIor,D. M Avery: Clay, W. H., chairman.. Baird, Harrison Wall, R.N Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Burlington. Dunn Elkin High Point... do do LeaksvlUe. . Mebane . do.. ....do.. Morehead City. ....do ....do do Thomasville . . .do. .do. Wake Forest.. Weldon Graham. . .do. .do. TaylorsviUe . Sparta Wadesboro. . Jefferson do West Jefferson Newland. do..., do.... V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 18,1917 Nov. 8,1917 Oct. 25,1917 Aug. 1, 1918 Oct. 20,1917 Oct. 17,1917 Aug. 1,1918 do do Nov. 8,1917 May 23,1918 Nov. 8,1917 do Oct. 19,1917 Oct. 17,1917 do do , Oct. 18,1917 Oct. 15,1917 .do. -do. Oct. 17,1917 Jan. 7, 1918 Oct. 23,1917 Oct. 19,1917 do do Oct. 29,1917 do do To- Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Aug. 1, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. May 20,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Beaufort: WilUams, W. H., chair- man. Lea,ch, George T MeeMns, J. C, jr Bertie : Lyon, W. L., chairman . . Gatling, E. L Cooper, J. W Bladen: Dimn, C. C, chairman (deceased). Bnmswick: Guthrie, M. C.^hairman. Granmer, E . H Davis, H.W Bimcombe; Ramsey, D. Hiden, chairman. WilUamson, W. B Hayes, R. P '.. Burke: Tate, F. P., chairman. . . Ervin, W. C Mull, John M Cabarrus: Houston, Dr. W. C, chairman. Gibson, W.H Hartsell, A. P CaldweU: Nelson, J. L., chairman. . Seagle, J. C Broyhill, T. H Camden: Stevens, P. W., chair- man. Carteret; Huntley, Geo. W., chair- man. Smith, W. P., chairman. Potter, J. H., chairman. Wade, T. C Caswell; Winstead, M. C, chair- man. Catawba: Yount, John P Chatham: Gregson, J. C, chairman. Hayes, R. H. .. Harris, M.W Cherokee ; Martin, A. L., chairman Official station. Washington... .do. .do. Windsor . ....do... ....do... Bladenboro. . Southport. ....do ....do Ashe-\'iUe. .do. -do. Morganton . ....do ....do Concord. -do. -do. Lenoir. ....do. ....do. Camden., Beaufort . Milton. Newton. Siler City. Pittsborb. . Goldston . . Murphy... Volun- teer or salary. ..do ..do ..do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From — Oct. 9, 1917 ....do ....do Oct. 26,1917 ....do ....do Oct. 26,1917 Nov. 12,1917 ....do ....do Nov. 15,1917 ....do ....do Oct. 24,1917 ....do ....do Oct. 11,1917 ....do ....do Oct. 18,1917 do ....do Dec. 18,1917 Oct. 26,1917 Mar. 20,1918 Aug. 14,1918 Oct. 26,1917 Oct. 23,1917 Oct. 17,1917 Jan. 4, 1918 do do Oct. 31,1917 To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 2,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. . Mar. 19,1918 Aug. 13,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. NORTH CAROLINA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 271 Name. Official station. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES — contrnued. Chowan: Woods, J. C, jr., chair- man. Owens, Willis, chairman (deceased). Privott, S. C, chairman. Cleveland: Griffin, I. C, chainniiu.. Lineberger, Wra Washburn, S. A Columbus: j Phillips, W. H., chair- | man. ' Powell, J. L j Tucter, I. B , Craven: 1 Blades, J. B., chairman | (deceased). Basnight, J. S., chair- man. I Dunn, Wm., sr...; Mffler,J. S Cumberland: McAlistor, C. C. chair- man. Home, W. W DeVane. J. il Dare: ■ Daniels, E.R., chairman Haymah, M. D Crisp, B. G Davidson; Mountcastle, G. W., i chairman. ' Davie: Sanford, K. B., chair- ' man. Smithdeal, H. T Lcdford , J . N. (deceased). DupUn: Pierce, H. P., chairman. Stevens, H. L., chairman, i Durham: HobRood, Burlce, chair- man. Fuller, Jones f^nderwood, Nonnan Edgecombe: Coot, R. E. L., chair- man. Brldgers, John L., chair- man. Walston..^. T Hyatt, K. B Forsyth: Norfleet, K. C, chair- man. Bahnson, A. H., chair- man. Coan, George W Shaflner, H. F MiUer, A. C FranlrUn: Cheatham, E. J., chair- man. McKinne, F. B., chair- man. Perry, G. M Gaston: Robinson, J. Lee, chair- man. Allen, F. H., chairman. . Hall, F. B Davenport, R. K Rhyne, Fred Wiltins, Dr. S. A Mauney, M. L Kennedy, R. C Gates: Hofler, J. I,., chairman.. Jraham: Phillips, R. L., chairman. Granville: Royster, B. S., chairman. Bau-d, J. M., chairman. . Powell, A. H Lewis, R. H., jr Greene: Frizelle, J. Paul, chair- man. Guilford: White, David, chairman. Patterson J. W Robins, Marmaduke Halifax: Josev, N. B., chairman.. Duiin, S. A., chairman.. Edenton. .. ....do -...do Shelby. ....do., do.. Volun- teer or salary. Whiteville. .do. .do. Xe-wbeTTt . do... do do Favetteville. . . .do. .do. Wanchese. do do.... Lexington.. Advance... Cooleemoe.. Warsaw.. do... Durham. -do. .do. Tarboro. . do... ..do ..do Winston-Salem. do -do. .do. .do. : Franklinton. . ] Louisburg Youngsville.. Gastonia do Belmont Mount Holly. . . Stanley Dallas Cherryville Besisemer City . Gatesville RobblnsviUe . . Oxford... do... do... do... Snow Hill... Green.sboro. . do do Scotland Neck. do V V V V V V V V V ■V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Oct. 26,1917 May 7,1918 Oct. 18,1918 Oct. 12 do. do. Doc. ;? do. do. ,1917 ,1917 Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 1,1918 Oct. 15 .do 1917 Oct. 13,1917 do do.. Oct. 25 do. 1917 Oct. 23,1918 Oct. 19,1917 .do. -do. Nov. 9,1917 Julv 26,1918 Nov. .do. -do. Dec. 11,1917 Oct. 23,1918 Dec. 11,1917 do Oct. 22,1917 July 1 , 1918- Oct. 20,1917 do do Oct. 28,1917 do do Oct. 24,1917 Aug. 27,1918 Oct. 24,1917 ....do ....do 00 do do To— Oct. 3,1918 Nov. 21,1917 Oct 17,1917 Aug. 30,1918 Oct. 17,1917 do Nov. 14,1917 Oct, 18,1917 do do do July 24,1918 May (i, 1918 Oct. 9,1918 Fob. 2S,1919 Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Sept. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 26,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Oct. 22,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. June 28,1918 Fob. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 26,1918 Fob. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 30,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. July 20,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES- continued. Harpette: Spears, H.T., chairman. Young, E. F Haywood: Boyd, J. R., chairman., Ray C. H , Mo;ik J, M ^ Henderson: Oates, R. M., chairman., Clarke, R.C Brooks, C, E Hertford: Bridger, ,R. C, chair- man. Gurck, E. J Hoke: Dickson, Paul, chairman. Brown, O. W Covington, W. T Hyde: Cartwright, R . N., chair- man. Iredell: Thomas, W. A., chair- man. Hoffman, J. H Goodman, George C Jackson: Davis, Wm., chairman,, Johnston: Moser, E. H. chairman., Talton, J. T Woodall, H. C Jones: Dixon, J. K., chairman . , Mattocks, E. L , Brock, J. K Lee: Pardo, James Jones, S. M Hoyle, K. R , Lenoir: Rouse, N. J., chairman. . Ormond, G. T Dawson, James B Lincoln: Abemethy, J. A., chair- man. Wilson, Rev. W. S McNaky, W. H McDowell: Neal, W. W,, chairman . McCall.C. E Macon: Johnston, T. J., chair- man. Wright, J. C Sloan, J. S Madison: Ebbs, Plato D,, chair- man. Martin: Biggs, John D., chair- man. Crawford, A. T Mecklenburg: Little, J. H., chairman. , Murphy, M. M Glover, F. W Mitchell: Greene, Chas. E, man. Montgomery: Cochran, W. B. man. Mocre: McQueen, J. R., chair- man. Nash: Battle, Thos. H., chair- man. Winslow, F. E., secre- tary. Gay, R. R Bissett, Geo. M New Hanover: Willard, M. S., chair- man. Worth, Chas. W Hanby, J. R , Northampton: Pugh, Wilson B., chair- man. Orange: Collins, P. C, chairman Venable, Dr. F. P Webb, H. W , , chair- chair- Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Lillington. Dunn Waynesville.... do ....do Hendersonville. ....do ....do Win ton. AhosKie. Raeford. ....do... ....do... Fairfield. Statesville. do Mooresville. . Sylva Selma Clayton Smithfield. Trenton... Maysville. Trenton... Sanford . ....do.. ....do-. Einston. . ....do... ...-do... Lincolnton. . ....do-. ....do. Marion.. do.. Franklin. ..do.. ..do.. Marshall. WilUamston... do Charlotte.. do.... do.... Bakersville Mount Gilead . Pinehurst Rocky Mount. ....do ....do.... NashvUle . Wilmington. , do do Jackson . Hillsboro Chapel Hill. Hillsboro V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 17,1917 Oct. 18,1917 Oct. 20,1917 do do Oct. 8, 1917 do Oct. 20,1917 Jan. 5, 1918 do Oct. 27,1917 do do Nov. 21,1917 Oct. 12,1917 Oct. 18,1917 do do Nov. 7, 1917 do do , Oct. 18,1917 do do Nov. 19,1917 Oct. 19,1917 do.. Oct. 13,1917 Oct. 15,1917 do Oct. 17,1917 do do Nov. 8, 1917 do Nov. 9,1917 do do Oct. 18,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 1,1918 Oct. 13,1917 do do Nov. 21,1917 Oct. 22,1917 Oct. 29,1917 Oct. 15,1917 do do do Oct. 22,1917 do do Dec. 31,1917 Oct. 17,1917 do.! do To— Feb. 28,191 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 1, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 272 BEPOBT OP ADMINISTBATIVE DIVISION. NORTH CAROLINA— Continued. FOEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To— Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To— COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Pamlico: Rawls, Z. v., chairman. Pasquotank: Kobinson, C. H., chair- man. Brown, C. P., chairman. Leigh, J. B Pender: Bannerman, J. R., chair- man. Williams, E. J Hawes, B. A Perquimans: Whedbee, Chas., chair- man. Person: Tucker, Dr. E. J., chair- man. Carlton, L. M Long, J. A Winstead, T. D Pitt: James, F. G., chairman. Polk: Liudsey, W. T., chair- man. Ballinger, B. L Corwlth, H. P Randolph: Robins, H. M., chair- man. Cranford, C. C, chair- man. , Neelev, J. M Morris, P. H Richmond: McNair, W. E., chair- man. Gordon, J. R Coopening, A. G Robeson: McAUster, H. M., chair- man. Armstrong, J. M., chair- man. Rockingham: Watlington, J. F., chair- man. Rowan: Linn, Stable, chair- man. Rendleman, John L., chairman. McCorkle, J. M Peacock, P. N Valentine, Marie, sten- ographer. Rutherford: Edwards, M. L., chair- man. Sampson: Bethune, L. A., chair- man. Scotland: Blue, L. M., chairman- . - CaldweU, J. L. , chairman. James, H Malloy, H. W Bayboro Elizabeth City. ....do ....do Burgaw Rocky Point - Atkinson Hertford . Roxboro . -do. .do. -do. Greenville.. Tryon ....do.. Saluda . Ashboro. . ....do... -do. .do. Rockingham.. Hamlet Rockingham.. Lumberton.. Maxton Reidsville. . Salisbury . do.... .-do. ..do. ..do. Rutherfordton Clinton Gib.ton Laurinburg . . . do do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Oct. 1,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 May 7, 1918 Nov. 1,1917 Jan. 3, 1918 ...-do .---do Oct. 27,1917 Oct. 15,1917 ...-do ....do ...-do Oct. 17,1917 Oct. 25,1917 ....do ...-do Oct. 22,1917 July 27,1918 Oct. 22,1917 do Oct. 28,1917 do do Oct. 28,1917 Jan. 29,1918 V Oct. 17,1917 V 1 Oct. 13,1917 Oct. 3,1918 Oct. 13,1917 do ..i..do Oct. 19,1917 Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 29,1917 Feb. 6, 1918 Oct. 29,1917 do Feb. 28,1919 May 7,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 25,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do^ Do. Do. Sept. 30,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 1, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Stanly: Heame, S. H., chairman. Moody, L. M Colson, Thomas Stokes: Covington, T. J., chair- man. Surry: Lovill, G.C., chairman.. Fawcett, Geo. D Sargent, J. D Snow, 0. E Swain: Cobuni, J. E., chairman- Black, S. W Frye, Frank E Transylvania: Breese, W. E., chairman. English, E. H Deaver, R. R Tyrrell: Walker, A. L,, chairman. Union: Blakeney, W. S., chair- man. Riddle, T.L Henderson, F. (. Vance: Roberts, C. W., chair- man. Singleton, C. v., chair- man. O'Neil.M. J Ranson, Robt. E Wake: Thompson, A. .\., chair- man. Chamberlain, J. R White, R.B Warren: Peck, Thos. D., chair- man. Washington; Ausbon, W. F., chair- man. Clark, B.S GatlinJ.C Watauga: Brown, John E., chair- man. Wayne: Land, E. M., chairman . . Bland, D. H Dixon, D. H Wilkes: Finley, T. B., chairman. Cardwell, G. , chairman . . Bullis, W. A Willis, E.C Brame, R. M Barkley, E. B Wilson: Bruton, J- F., chainnan- Darden, E. A Hays, J. W Yadkin: Recce, D. M., chairman.. Albemarle. ...-do Norwood-- - Walnut Cove. Mount Airy... ...-do ---do Pilot Mountain Bryson City. . . do ....do Brevard. ....do..-. do-.-. Columbia - Monroe . i . .do.. ..do.. Henderson - ...-do -do., -do.. Raleigh .-,... ....do Wake Forest - Warrenton - . . J'lymouth- . Roper Creswell- . Boone Goldsboro- ....do ....do North Wilkes- boro. ....do ....do ....do ...-do do Wilson ....do Elm City.. Yadkinville. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Oct. 19,1917 do do , Oct. 20,1917 Nov. 8, 1917 do .....do do Oct. 22,1917 ....do ....do Oct. 20,1917 do ...-do Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 17,1917 ..do.. ..do.. do Oct. 30,1918 Oct. 17,1917 do Nov. 15,1917 Oct. 17,1917 ....do Oct. 20,1917 Oct. 25,1917 -do., .do.. Oct. 17,1917 ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Oct. 22,1917 July 13,1918 Oct. 22,1917 do........ do do Oct. 13,1917 do do Oct. 18,1917 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 29,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 13,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. CONSERVATION DIVISION. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To- Waddell, Chas. E V V V V V V V V S s Oct. 1,1918 Oct. 15,1918 Nov. 1,1918 do do do do do Oct. 20,1918 Nov. 1,1918 Feb.28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 21,1919 Do. Jones Edward M Assistant director of conserva- tion. Member of committee do do . Covington, C. C Wilmington Wilmington Erwin,W. A Lee w. S do Charlotte do Asheville. . Riddick, W . C do Raleigh Raleigh do Canton Laxton^ Josephine Lilly, Frances H Stenographer Asheville Stenographer and clerk do .... do . NORTH DAKOTA. THE PRODUCTION OF LIGNITE IN NORTH DAKOTA. Knowledge of the presence of lignite in North Dakota in almost unlimited quantity and the possibility for the development of mines capable of producing this low-rank coal in large quantities naturally attracted the attention of the North Dakota State organization of the United States Fuel Administration early in its work of encouraguig the production, equalizing the distribution, conserving the supply, and regulating the consumption of fuel in North Dakota, and prompt steps were taken for the establishment of maximum mine prices, which were promulgated on January 4, 1918, as follows: Screened lump, $2.50 per net ton of 2,000 pounds; 6-inch steam limip, $2 per ton of 2,000 pounds; run-of-mine, 12.25 per net ton of 2,000 pounds; screenings, $1.25 per net ton of 2,000 pounds. In the matter of the regulations issued November 23, 1917, affecting mine operators beginning not later than September 1, 1917, and ready to produce coal on or before January 1, 1918,. a request was made for the amendment of regulations so that they would not restrict the operation of open lignite mines in North Dakota, many farmers having opened mines to supply themselves and a limited number of their neighbors to whom they could dehver coal in wagons. Such farmers do not constitute a class of labor that would ordinarily be occupied in the production of coal and their engagement in the operation of their own mines would not detract from the labor supply at larger mines engaged in the commercial production of coal. The request was granted. Every member of the North Dakota State organization was particularly charged with the duty of urging the use of North Dakota Mgnite by consumers of all classes, and every energy was devoted to the cultivation of the substitution of such coal for anthracite and eastern bituminous coal. Pubhcity bulletins containing from one to 10 paragraphs on the subject of the use of domestic hgnite and the substitution of it for other coal (copies of which have been forwarded to you and may doubtless be found on file in the State organizations bureau) were issued several times each week. Retail coal dealers were urged daily to impress upon their customers the necessity of substituting domestic lignite for other coal. Motion-picture slides deahng with the same subject were obtained and furnished to every motion-picture theater in North Dakota. It was difficult to obtain cooperation on the part of hgnite mine operators in pubhcity work, because they were poorly organized and loath to spend money for advertising; but despite a shortage of funds at the disposal of this office and a quite well-grounded impression in the minds of coal dealers throughout that domestic lignite does not stock well, that it deteriorates very rapidly when exposed to the elements, that it contains about 40 per cent water and is of heat-producing quahty equivalent to about 55 per cent of good-rank bituminous coal, our campaign resulted in the maintenance of operations of the larger Hgnite mines in North Dakota at a rate of production equal to about 75 per cent of the maximum production capacity of such mines during the summer months or about 200 per cent of that attained during the summer months of 1917. Retail coal dealers and domestic consumers throughout the State commenced the use of the domestic hgnite, many householders rearranging their heating equipment to accommodate the fuel. REGULATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF COAL IN NORTH DAKOTA. On November 21, 1917, order No. 1 of the Federal fuel administrator for North Dakota was issued for the purpose of restricting the dehvery of coal for domestic consumption because of inequahties in distribution, resulting from failure on the part of certain dock companies operating at the head of the lakes to distribute and apportion properly their stocks among retail coal dealers and communities. It became necessary to direct a great many preference shipments of anthracite, and considerable inconvenience was experienced through refusal of dock companies to make shipments to retail coal dealers specified by me unless such dealers happened to be customers of the particular dock companies having anthracite supphes. The original order was amended on November 27, 1917, December 6 and 22, 1917, and finally withdrawn entirely with respect to domestic Hgnite on February 15, 1918, and with respect to anthracite and bituminous coal on March 20 1918. Pursuant to your general plan, however, an order was issued March 25, 1918, effective April 1 1918 limiting the quantities of the different kinds of coal to be accumulated by domestic consumers — especiaHy restricting the deHvery of anthracite — requiring appHcations in a prescribed form in writing from all 122602—20 18 273 274 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. domestic consumers, restricting the delivery of coal in carload lots, and requiring monthly statements of coa deliveries to be filed by retail coal dealers. Subsequently retail coal dealers were authorized to accept applications by telephone, the dealers filling the blanks in the prescribed form, and they were also relieved of the filing of the monthly statements of coal deliveries because of the unusual detail work required in connection therewith. It became apparent quite early in the year that there would be diSiculty in the proper distribution of anthracite in North Dakota. On May 15, 1918, therefore, by an order issued, I directed that until further notice no person, firm, association of persons, or corporation should sell, deliver, purchase, receive, or otherwise take possession of any anthracite for use in any stove or furnace, or in any industrial or manufacturing plant wherein hgnite or bituminous coal could be used without material alteration in the equipment thereof. The order was subsequently amended to permit the disposition of the stove and egg sizes of anthracite in the posses- sion of such retail coal dealers on the 15th day of May, 1918. It was further made a condition precedent to participation in the distribution of anthracite during the current season that retail coal dealers handle domestic hgnite in a substantial manner as a principal part of their business, exceptions being made in this respect where peculiar local conditions obtain. By the provisions of an order issued December 6, 1918, effective December 10, 1918, aU restrictions upon the sale and accumulation of hgnite and bituminous coal were removed, but the restrictions regarding anthracite were made more stringent, because of the very great delay ia the distribution of this highly valued coal from the docks of Lake Superior, notwithstandiag the placing of specific orders for shipments to all retail coal dealers ia the anthracite consuming districts with District Representative W. H. Groverman after the taking over of the detailed distribution of anthracite June 18, 1918. The principal cause of delay and unfairness in distribution in the shipment of anthracite from the docks of Great Lakes ports was the antagonistic attitude of the owners of the anthracite stocks and their refusal to permit shipments to be made early in the season untU the prices to obtain at the docks during the current season had been estabhshed. The dock companies were also reluctant to submit to our requirements that no shipments of anthracite should be made to other than specified retail coal dealers. Shipments into North Dakota improved greatly after my appeal to you in November in company with the Federal fuel administrators for Minnesota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. On August 5, 1918, also pursuant to your general plan, the registration of retail coal dealers was required, retaU coal dealers who failed to register being denied the right to receive any coal or coke. In this connection there was considerable movement for the ehmiaation of so-caUed "Snowbird" dealers, unattached dealers without investments in bins, sheds, trestles, yards, or equipment of any character except wagons or trucks. Notwithstandiag the interest of the pubHc in having substantial coal-distributing agencies available in time of need, after consultation with the legal department it was deemed inadvisable to estabhsh any special regulations affecting the unattached dealers, who made dehveries of coal direct from the radroad cars. Despite the early estabhshment by me of maximum gross margins for retail coal dealers, many inequalities developed under your regulation known as publication No. 7, defining and restricting gross margins. of retail coal dealers. On June 12, 1918, therefore, I issued an order fixing maximum permissible gross margins of $1.75 per ton of 2,000 pounds for lignite and subbituminous coal of North Dakota, Montana, and "Wyoming; $1.80 per ton of 2,000 pounds for bituminous coal from the docks of Great Lakes ports; $1.60 per ton for anthra- cite; a special gross margin of $1 per ton to obtain on all sales of coal for industrial use and in all cases where deliveries to consumers were made from railroad cars without the coal passing througn the sheds, trestle, or yard of a retail coal dealer, the coal being deUvered and sold on the basis of delivered weight; $3 per ton of 2,000 pounds of coke; $2 per ton of 2,000 pounds for smithing coal, with a special maximum permissible gross margin of 25 cents per hundred weight in case of the sale of smithing coal in lots of less than 2,000 pounds. The regula- tion was modified on September 4, 1918, through the removal of any distinction between the sales of coal for domestic consumption and those for industrial use. Otherwise the regulation continued in effect as orio-inally established until the issuance of your general order effective February ], 1919, removing practically all restric- tions affecting the coal trade. Since the inception of our North Dakota State organization, monthly reports of sales and receipts were required of retail coal dealers in North Dakota, approximately 1,675 in number. The reports were tabulated and the tabulations were kept in card indexed cabinets. CONSERVATION. As I have indicated elsewhere, the principal activity of the North Dakota State organization in promoting the conservation of fuel suppUes was the waging of a campaign for the increase of the production of lignite and the substitution thereof for anthracite and bituminous coal throughout the State. Every possible effort was FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 275 directed to that end. Lignite mine operators were urged incessantly to organize themselves into an association for the advertisement and promotion of the use of the products of their mines. Retail coal dealers were required to handle lignite in order to share in the distribution of anthracite. Domestic consumers with equipments suited for the consumption of lignite or bituminous coal were denied anthracite. The good qualities of lignite were published broadcast through bulletins issued several times each month to newspapers and members of our State organization. Nothing within the limits of our funds and our energy was left undone in this regard. Deeming it proper, with the expressed cooperation of the leading merchants of the State, to make this restrictive order, on October 23, 1918, an order was issued providing for the closing of stores and places of busi- ness (except drug stores, news stores, confectionery stores, and stores or places of business lighted, heated, or warmed directly or indirectly through the exclusive consumption of wood as fuel) on Sundays, and before the hour of 8 o'clock a. m. and after the hour of 6 o'clock p. m. on week days, except that on Saturdays the hour of closing was extended to 10 o'clock p. m. The order remained in effect until November 23, 1918, when it was withdrawn in keeping with your general plan to withdraw restrictive regulations, at which time also your order restricting illumination, effective November 11, 1918, which had been placed in operation, was withdrawn. There was eminently satisfactory compliance with the provisions of both restrictive orders. EDUCATION. On January 28, 1918, a campaign of publicity in furtherance of the work of cultivating the production, distribution, and the conservation of fuel was inaugurated. Mr. G. L. Price, of Bismarck, was appointed assist- ant secretary. An arrangement was made for the furnishing of plate matter to the editors of the daily and weekly newspapers throughout the State, and mimeograph bulletins containing items of interest taken from the public information bulletins furnished by you and original items prepared in this office were issued several times each week. Eminently satisfactory results were obtained through the hearty cooperation of the press of the State. VIOLATIONS. In general, there was very satisfactory observance of all restrictive regulations. In some instances retail coal dealers and wholesalers or jobbers exceeded their maximum permissible gross margin. Some retail coal dealers violated regulations in the delivery of coal to domestic consumers. In almost every instance, however, there was willingness to make refimds and to correct improper practices. Refunds aggregating ,11,374.22 have been made by one company in North Dakota. Refunds of retail coal dealers aggregating $1,379.78 have been contributed to the several chapters of the American Red Cross in North Dakota, and $428.98 was returned to customers. EXPENSES. Expenses of the North Dakota State organization have amounted to $17,712.88 classified as follows: Services, permanent and temporary $12, 417. 59 Services, other than personal 1, 607. 51 Travel 248.40 Supplies 1. 596. 35 Equipment - 1> ^05. 53 Rent 337.50 Total 17,712.88 It may be that expenses were higher in North Dakota than in other States. There were no contributions of money, and no expenses were defrayed by any State or local department or public body. All expenses were paid through the Accounting Division of your office. In closing I may repeat that the members of the State organization were unfailing in the work that was given them and I am deeply indebted to them for their hearty cooperation. For myself it was a pleasure to be associated with you and the splendid gentlemen whom you have had about you and to contribute in some small measure to the performance of the important work which you undertook at the request of President Wilson. Respectfully submitted. Isaac P. Baker, Federal Fuel Administrator for North Dakota. Bismarck, N. Dak., March 15, 1919. 276 EEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. NORTH DAKOTA. Name. Baker, I. P STATE ADVI30EY BOARD. Babeook, Dr. E. J.. O verson, W. B "Watters, J. E Talcott, F. S Cashel, J. L STATE OFFICE PEKSONTTEL. Baker, Benton Wanner, Earnest G. (suc- cessor). Baker, Benton Klaus, C. A Arnold, Hazel Breen, Helen Casey, 'Wiuifred Foster, Madelou Qerndt, Esther G ordon, Mildred Halloran, J. B Harris, Georglna C Johnson, Agnes Kauffman, Adele Keenan George A Lyons , Margaret MoMahon, Edna Morris, Catherine Nordstrom, Olga N Parsons, Mary B Title. State fuel administrator. Stuewig, Hettie "Walden, Fred Walsh, iEdna Wanner, Martha S. Executive secretary. do Director of enforcement Director of hotel conservation. . Stenographer do Private secretary Stenographer do do Clerk Stenographer and clerk Stenographer do do Clerk Stenographer do Clerk Stenographer ...do Mailing clerk Stenographer do Official station. Bismarck Bank Building, Bis- marck. Grand Forks. Williston Bismarck ....do: Grafton Bismarck . .....do.... .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Home address. Bismarck. Grand Forks. WilUston Bismarck do Grafton River Street, Bismarck. Bismarck River Street, Bismarck Jamestown "Ri^TTi&rplc -■» >•>*••*-*••>> 422 Fourth Street, Bismarck Bismarck do do 20 Avenue B, West Bismarck Bismarck do do 409 Seventh Street, Bismarck 601 Second Street, Bismarck 200 Mandan Avenue, Bismarck... Bismarck do do 313 Fifteenth Avenue SE., Min- neapolis. Bismarck do do 611 S Street, Bismarck Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V S S V V s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s Served. From- Oot. 8,1917 Oct. 2S,1917 ....do.!. — . ....do ....do ....do Oct. 19,1917 Sept. 1,1918 Oct. Sept. Nov. Sept. Oct. July June Sept. Sept. Jan. Apr. Nov. Dec. Sept. Nov. Oct. July Sept. Nov. 15,1917 Oct. 20,1917 Mar. 19,1918 Oct. 21,1918 3,1918 16, 1918 6. 1917 6. 1918 20. 1917 15. 1918 12, 1918 16, 1918 3, 1918 23, 1918 23, 1918 13,1917 6,1917 16,1918 4. 1917 7. 1918 1, 1918 16, 1918 To- Mar. 31,1919 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Sept. 1,1918 Deo. 31,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Sept. 15, 1918 Dec. 14,1918 Mar. 20,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 ' July 26,1918 Dec. 14,1918 Mar. 1,1919 May 20,1918' Sept. 13,1918 Nov. 30,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Feb. 1, 1918 Deo. 21,1918 Mar. 15,1919 Sept. 26,1918 Apr. 15,1918 Aug. 31,1918 Feb. 14,1919 Mar. 15,1919 FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. OfBcial station. Volun- teer or salary . Served. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To— From— To— STATE DISTRICT COMMITTEES. District No. 1: Swlggum, E. A., chair- man. Grfflth, R. B., district representative. District No. 2; Griffith, R. B., chair- man. District No. 3: Blakemore, R. B., chair- man. Moher, Miss Theo., ste- nographer. Grafton Grand Forks... do V V V V S S V V s V s V V s V V V s V s s Oct. 22,1917 do Oct. 25,1917 Oct. 18,1917 Oct. 29,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Oct. 23,1917 Oct. 24,1917 Oct. 25,1917 Oct. 26,1917 Nov. 1,1917 Oct. 20,1917 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Jan. 1,1919 Mar. 1,1919 Nov. 19,1917 Apr. 15,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Apr. 15,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Apr. 16,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Apr. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Apr. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Apr. 15,1918 STATE DISTRICT COMMIT- TEES— Continued. District No. 11: Johnson, August E., chairman. District No. 12: Webb,W. H.,jr., chair- man. Price, Geo. L.^secretary. Tillotson, B. P., assist- ant. District No. 13: Nelson, J. T., chairman.. Hoyt, C. L., chairman... Nelson, Lawrence, assist- ant. District No. 14: Homnes, Geo. P., chair- man. Davidson, C. E., chair- man. District No. 15: Lyon, J. B., chairman. . Carpenter, Paul L., sec- retary. District No. 16: Stoelting, Benjamin, chairman. District No. 17: Starke, Charles, chair- man. Branick, Arvilla, secre- tary. Thomson, Aima, stenog- rapher. Skude, Ida M., stenog- rapher. Districtl^o. 18: Shaw, W. B., chairman. COUNTY FDEL COMMITTEES. Adams: Bigham, Charles, chair- man. Lewis, C.W Washburn Bismarck do do GlenUlliu Mandan GlenUllin Crosby V V S s V V s V V V s V V s s s V V V V Oct. 23,1917 Nov. 5,1917 Jan. 19,1918 Dec. 1,1917 Nov. 5,1917 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Apr. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 do do Wahpeton Valley City.... do Devils Lake do Jamestown do Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 15,1918 July 6,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Apr. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Madison, Mrs. Edith, stenographer. District No. 4: Thomas, W. W., chair- Dec. 17,1917 Oct. 30,1917 July 6,1918 Oct. 20,1917 Dec. 1,1917 Oct. 27.1917 Nov. 17,1917 Dec. 5,1917 Jan. 23,1918 Jan. 4, 1918 Nov. 3 ,1917 Jan. 21,1918 do do man. District No. 5: Portal Cox, A. B., chairman. . . Kelsey, Geo. D., stenog- rapher. District No. 6: Maim, E. E., chairman.. Bauer. Kate, secretary.. District No. 7: Williston do Ellsworth, S. E., chair- man. Stfibhin^ H S chair- Dickinson do do do man. Ellsworth, Eldora, ste- nographer. District No. 8: McCartney, Fred D., chairman. District No. 9: Henderson, A. B ., chair- man. do Oct. 20,1917 Oct. 23,1917 Nov. 1,1917 Aug. 29,1917 Dee. 14,1917 Oct. 25,1917 Oct. 28,1917 Dec. 14,1917 Do. Jan. 3,1918 Apr. 15,1918 Bottineau do do Jan. 22,1918 Feb. 28,1919 McMlllen, Geo. B., chair- man. Haynes Hettinger Ldtchville tary. District No. 10: Minot Feb. 28,1919 rnan. do do Do. Do. Bryan,Ella Q., secretary. Bryan, Ella G., stenog- rapher. Barnes: Hanson, A. P. chair- man. FEDEEAL FUEL ADMINISTBATOES. NORTH DAKOTA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 277 Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Benson: Strong, M. L., chairman Snore, Fred Ose, Thomas Sltzer, Hiram Gulickson, John Markham. Charles E . . . . DoSiken, E. N , Palmer, Jess Tomplnns.F. W Hoadley.H. E HiU J.K JacoDsou, Julias Warren, A. F Jacobson, Jacob Hegge, Joseph Billings: JenMns, E. K., chair- man. Bottineau: Humphreys, J. M., chairman. McMillen, Geo. B., chairman. Odland, F. S Dobbin, G. I MaaSstad,N. F Fairfield, C. S , Romsos, Olaf Freeman, Will Arveson.N. B Bervig,H. W Charnholm, O. L Peterson, P. B Munn, W.T Lee, W.R Bowman: Derby, M. H.jOhairman. Pennington, w. A Monroe, S. F Burke: Davidson, C. E., chair- man. Hanson, H. A Hendrickson, Staale — Burleigh: Jackson, J. P., chair m an. Cass: Blakemore, E. B., chair- man. Cavalier: Devaney, Thos., chair- man. Dicfefiv* Griham, Fred J., clialr- man. Sweeney, E. G DUle.F.B Eichtor, W. J Ealsh, J. B Dickinson, W. E Root, J. D Divide: Gunderson, 0. S., chair- man. Stuart, T.S Tannan, E. A Hofl,C.H Dunn: Johnson, T. G., cliair- man. Nelson, Alf. 0., chair- man. Eddy: Dunham, F. S., chair- man. Emmons: Lenhart, G. A., chair- man. Volk, R. M Foster: Buclianan, Thos., chair- man. Golden Valley: Elliott, George, chair- man. Grand Forks: Small, Wm. E., chair- man. Grant: Cahill, J. I., chairman... Griggs: Syverson, Theo., chair- man. OfBcial station. Leeds Miunewaukan. Brinsmade Esmond York Pleasant Lake Knox Hong Oberon Josephine Hesper Baker Fillmore Harlow Maddock Medora. Lansford- Bottineau Willow City.. Overly Omemee Gardena Kramer Maxbass Carbury Souris Roth Landa Westhope Antler Bowman.. Scranton.. Rhame Portal Bowbells.. Coteau Bismarck. Fargo Langdon. Ellendale.. Merrlcourt. Monango... Forbes Silverleaf... Fullerton. . Guelph Noonan. Crosby — Ambrose. Fortuna.. Killdeer , Dunn Center... New Rockford Hazclton Hague Carrington Beach Grand Forks... Leith Cooperstown... Volun- teer or salary V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Feb. 1,1918 do do do do ....do .-..do ....do -...do ....do .-..do ....do do ....do do Jan. 22,1918 Feb. 16,1918 Aug. 29,1918 Feb. 16,1918 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Jan. 21,1918 ....do ....do Jan. 23,1918 ....do ....do Jan. 21,1918 Oct. 18,1917 Jan. 22,1918 Jan. 21,1918 do do do do do do Jan. 2, 1918 Aug. 8, 1918 Jan. 2, 1918 do Feb. 4,1918 Aug. 31,1918 Jan. 2, 1918 Jan. 22,1918 ....do Feb. 1,1918 Jan. 21,1918 ....do Jan. 2, 1918 Jan. 21,1918 To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 29,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Aug. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Hettinger: Johnson, W. H., chair- man. Kidder: Allen, H. B., chairman.. Lamoure; Holbert, Chas. M chairman. Wilken, W. M Weaver, H. L Henmng, Herman Blanco, M. L Bloodow,E. G Arguser, C. A Mack, H. D Pence, C. E Baertseh, Louis Freiss, Otto Pangburn, L. L Bartz,E. O Logan: Holset, G. v., chairman. Lehr, A. F Pruetz, Wm Hernett, Chas MoHenry: Carlson, David R., chairman. Berget, A. P., chair- man (successor). Mcintosh: Hammond, J. M., chair- man. Kretscbman, P. T BischofjJohn GilIes,Fred Giedt,I. E MoKenzie: Burns, L. B., chair- man. Rogers, Dr. J., chair- man (successor). McLean: Robiuson, D. P., chair- man. Pitzer, J. A Bauer, C.F Vogel,F. A Morton, C.W Miller,S.N Crowell, L. A Ross, J. S Harris, W.N Hjelle, Ole Mercer: Field, J. B., chairman... Dreveskroont, L . E Heinemeyer, C. H Stephens, Ray Schweigert, C.F Morton: Peterson, A. H., chair- man. Hoyt, C. L., chairman (successor). Mountrail: Campbell, James N., chairman. Eckstrom, Wm., chair- man (successor). Nelson: Thai, Jacob, chairman. . Oliver: Wick, Fred C, chair- man. Pembina: Vick, H. G., chairman. . Pierce: Jacobson, M., chairman. Ramsey: Mann, E. E., chairman.. Ransom: Thomas, W. W., chair- man. Renville: Page, Fred F., chair- man. Flem.K.R Gould, G.L Amundson, A Davis, J. H Sauer, L. W Shortridge, W. E Marshall, H. A Olflcial station. Volun- teer or salary. Mott. Steele. La Moure. Kulm Edgeley Deisem Jud Alfred Adrian Dickey Grand Rapids. Marion Verona Medberry Berlin Napoleon - Gackle Fredonia.. Burns tad. Towner . do... Ashley... Venturia. Zeeland.. Wishek.. Lehr Alexander. ....do Garrison. Wilton Underwood.. Coleharbor. . . Max Benedict Ruso Dogden Turtle Lake.. Mercer Zap Goldenvalley , Beulah Ha/,en Stanton Mandan... ....do Stanley . ....do... Lakota.. Center.. Cavaher Rugby Devils Lak( Wahpeton. Mohall Sherwood . Glenbum. Grano Loraine... ToUey Norma Greehe V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Jan. 21,1918 Jan. 23,1918 Feb. 14,1918 .do. -do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do., .do., .do.. Feb. 2,1918 ....do ....do ....do Jan. 22,1918 July 18,1918 To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 17,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Feb. 2,1918 Do. do do do do Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 24,1918 Aug. 31,1918 Aug. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Feb. 21,1918 Do. do do do do do do do do do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 4,1918 do do ....do do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 21,1918 July 15,1918 July 16,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 11,1918 Mar. 12,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Jan. 21,1918 Do. Feb. 1,1918 Do. .Tan. 21,1918 Do. Feb. 1,1918 Do. Oct. 23,1917 Do. Do. Feb. 18,1918 Do. ....do ....do ....do ....do do do do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 278 REPOKT OF ADMINISTEAXrVB DIYISION. NORTH DAKOTA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To— From— To- COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Richland: Thomas, W. W., chair- Wahpeton Eolla V V V V V V V V V V V V V Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. COimiT FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Stutsman: Stebbins, H. S., chair- man. Towner: Lapham, Col. A., chair- man. Traill: Carmody, John, chair- man. Walsh: Dahl, T. I., chairman. . . Klbbee. T. W., chair- man (successor). Ward: Weinrebe, Julius, chair- man. Wells: I-ow, W. B., chairman.. Whipple, B. F., chair- man (successor). Williams: Engen, E. T., chairman. Hart, J. S.... Jamestown V V V V V V V V V V V V Feb. 1, 1918 Feb. 4,1918 Jan. 22,1918 Jan. 21,1918 June 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 man. Rolette: Jan. 25,1918 Do. man. Sargent: Thomas W. W., chair- Wahpeton McClusky Denhoff Goodrich Hillsboro Grafton do Do. man. Sheridan: Beck, John A., chair- man. HempeljJ. W. . . Feb. 7,1918 do do do Jan. 22,1918 do do do Jan. 21,1918 do June 14,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Perske.H. G Mar. 1,1919 Sioux: Beede, A. McG., chair- man. Slope: Allison, C. Py^ chairman. Fort Yates.... Marmarth Bitrman Amidon Dickinson Harvey Fessenden WiUiston Jan. 2.3,1918 Dec. 17,1918 Feb. 11,1918 do do do Deo. 18,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Johnson, W. J Do. Stark: Do. Titen, T. T Wildrose Zahl Do. Oie,P.H Do. Steele: Barclay, WilUam, chair- man. The Relatiohs BETWEEn The PRODucTior<,Con5UMPTion Exports &. 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Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. OKLAHOMA/ On September 28, 1917, I received my appointment as Federal fuel administrator for Oklahoma from Dr. H. A. Garfield, United States Fuel Administrator. Complying with the request of Dr. Garfield, I left the early part of October for Washington, where instruc- tions and suggestions for handling the work were received. Returning to Ada I opened an office in the First National Bank Building, rents, lights, and much of the necessary office equipment being furnished by the bank free of charge. ORGANIZATION OF OFFICE. Mr. J. W. Hinton, a young man of experience in the coal business, was appointed executive secretary; Miss Clara Bvowder, private secretary; and Miss Maud M. Givens, stenographer. Later we found it necessary to add a file clerk and typist, Mrs. Constance Markham. Mr. Hinton sold his coal business at Jienryetta to assist in this office. On March 1 Mr. Hinton resigned to accept the position as assistant district representative for Oklahoma, working under Mr. H. N. Taylor, of Kansas City. Mr. W. D. Little succeeded Mr. Hinton on AprU 1. On May 7 Miss Clara Browder resigned and was succeeded by Mrs. Mary Horton West. Mrs. Josie Yaughan began work as stenographer on June 10, and succeeded Mrs.West as private secretary on August 15. On July 15 Mr. A. L. Fentem was added as a special clerk to' look after the registration of retail coal dealers, ending his work on August 31. Miss Betsey Faust began work as stenographer on August 20. Very little temporary work has been found necessary, and most of that has been volunteer. ORGANIZATION OF STATE. One of the first duties of the administration was to get a working organization throughout the entire State. An advisory committee was appointed, the committee consisting of the following: Dr. Stratton D. Brooks, Norman; J. M. Aydelotte, Oklahoma City; and N. Holman, Guthrie. A county fuel administrator was appointed in each of the 77 counties. These administrators were advised to appoint a fuel committeeman in each town in their counties, such committeemen with the chair- men to form the county organization. Most of the chairmen and committeemen have remained in the organization from the beginning. These men have given their time freely and gladly to the cause, and without their cooperation and assistance this administration woiild have been unable to accomplish anything. We have depended mainly upon these men to enforce the retail gi'oss margin and supervise the distribution of coal, and also to keep the administration informed of the fuel situation in their respective communities. As a rule these committeemen are successful business men, and the time they have given to the fuel administration was given at a considerable financial sacrifice. RETAIL GROSS MARGIN. On October 24, 1917, many of the retail coal dealers of Oklahoma met with the State fuel administration and the county administrators at Oklahoma City. A majority of the dealers present agreed that by taking their average invoice price of coal on hand at that time and adding the freight rate and an additional $1.50 per ton for a gross margin, they would be satisfied, at least until the actual gross margin could be ascertained according to the rule prescribed by the United States Fuel Administration in PubUcation No. 7. Most of the retail coal dealers adopted the $1.50 gross margin in preference to keeping an elaborate set of books and finding the gi'oss margin in accordance with Publication No. 7. In ordy one instance has an exception to this gross margin been made, and this instance was necessary on account of the long haul from the car to the yards of the retail dealers. As a rule this method of determining the retail gross margin has proven satisfactory to the dealers, and we have had complaints from only a few of them. It has also proven especially satisfactory to our committeemen and to the consumers, as the retail price of coal is much more easily determined than it would be under any other system. ' Report from Sept. 28, 1917, to Mar. 22, 1919. 291 292 REPORT OF ABMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. PROBLEMS OF WINTER OF 1917-18. As soon as the of&ce of the fuel administration was established it was evident that we confronted a serious situation for the winter of 1917-18. On account of the disturbed conditions resulting from the declaration of war, domestic consumers, retail coal dealers, and industrial plants neglected to store coal during the entire summer of 1917. When cold weather came there was little coal in the bins of the domestic or industrial con- sumers, and in some towns there was absolutely no coal whatever. The problem before us, therefore, was to get enough coal from the mines to the various towns in time to keep the people from suffering. The unprecedented cold weather in November and December made our problem more serious. On October 24, when we met the retail coal dealers in Oklahoma City, the necessity of their cooperating with us was shown, not so much to make money for themselves as to get coal to protect their customers. On November 27 we met the superintendents of car service of the railroads operating in Oklahoma, and also the coal operators of the State. At this meeting both the operators and the railroad men agreed to do everything they could to rush the movement of coal. Special attention is called to the aid rendered the administration by T. H. Beacon, general manager of the Rock Island Railway Co. On December 27 a meeting of the coal operators of Oklahoma was called at the Busby Hotel, in McAlester, and the following resolution was unanimously adopted: Resolved, That operators in the McAlester field realize the present plight of a number of communities depending entirely upon coal for their fuel, and now practically without it, and promise their best efforts to make shipments to such places as soon and in as great an amount as possible, and their aid to the State fuel administrator in his efforts to relieve these communities. Resolved, That the State fuel administrator's notice be requested to the question of avoiding as far as possible next season the shortage existing at present, by arrangements for storage by dealers, railroads. Government cantonments, etc., in the early spring months, allowing greater shipments during the domestic season of supply. And resolved, That the thanks of the coal operators and all others in the McAlester field be extended to the State fuel administrator for his interest and efforts in behalf of the coal industry of the State, and our appreciation of the broad view he has taken of the situation. The operators in the other coal-producing fields also agreed to follow the suggestions from this office. The producers of coal in New Mexico and Colorado agreed to take care of the consumers in the Oklahoma Panhandle counties, Beaver, Texas, and Cimarron. With a clear imderstanding existing between the fuel administration, coal operators, railroads, and retail coal dealers the only thing left to be done was for everybody to work. The calls for emergency coal began coming in in earnest about January 1 . During the months of January and February 229 cars of coal were shipped on emergency orders through this administration, or approximately 11,450 tons. The fuel administration avoided handling a great many other emergency orders by ascertaining from dealers in need of coal from whom coal had been ordered, and then urging the operators to ship at once. In other words, we attempted in every way possible to keep coal moving in regularly established channels, avoiding the breaking down of established trade customs and practices. The amount of emergency coal handled on orders through this administration indicates in only a small way the effectiveness of the cooperation of everybody concerned. In spite of the car shortage, which was the great- est single factor in delaying production, and in spite of the labor shortage, unfavorable weather, and difficulty in getting equipment for the mines, the mines of Oklahoma produced 404,209 tons in January, 1918, against only 366,590 tons for January, 1917. In February the mines of Oklahoma produced 453,150 tons against only 309,659 tons for the same month of 1917. What made our problem more difficult was the fact that all the coal and practically all the wood are on the same side of the State. Western Oklahoma has neither wood nor coal. There were times when some of the towns on the west side did not have a day's supply of fuel of any sort. By confiscating coal, ordering it recon- signed, and taking other emergency measures, we kept suffering reduced to a minimum. We found it necessary in most of the towns to limit the amount of coal any one consumer could buy at one time to 500 pounds. On the eastern side of the State we insisted that people burn wood instead of coal, and in this way release con- siderable coal for the west side. At Purcell, Okla., for several weeks 500 pounds was the maximum any one person could buy, and in order to buy this much it was necessary to obtain a written order from the county fuel administrator. One wood dealer after delivering wood during the day to a number of customers applied to the county fuel administrator for an order for coal. Inasmuch as he was delivering wood to other people the county 'lel administrator de- cided that he ought to use his own product, and would not let him have the coal. By the middle of March the cold weather was broken and the emergency past. The successful handling of the fuel problems during this emergency was due in no small measure to the loyal cooperation and business-like judgment of the county and local fuel administrators. FEDBKAI. FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 293 INCREASEt) USE OF WOOD. As soon as it was evident in the beginning of the winter of 1917 that a shortage of coal was certain, we began a campaign for the consumption of more wood instead of coal. The ownei-s of land, as well as tenants renting land which contained timber, were asked to cut and dispose of their wood for fuel purposes. Three reasons were given why the wood should be taken from the land. 1. The consumption of wood would save coal. 2. By cutting wood, land would be cleared and could then produce food and feed, both essentials in winning the war. 3. The use of wood would release railroad equipment for hauling coal to the people in the western part of the State. Just how successful the campaign for the use of more wood in the winter of 1917 and 1918 was is hard to say, but there were many towns in which most of the citizens used wood entirely, while in past years they had used only coal. The wood campaign was kept up during the spring, summer, and fall of 1918. In April of 1918 Prof. Christian Jensen, of the Agricultural and Mechanical College at Stillwater, was appointed secretary of the State wood committee, and he has been pushing the use of wood as fuel through the various organizations affiliated with the Agricultural and Mechanical College. A conservative estimate is that the consumption of wood throughout all the counties in the eastern part of the State has been increased 10 per cent over the consmnption in the past years. RAILROAD EQUIPMENT. While the production of coal in Oklahoma in January and February of 1918 was considerably greater than that during the same months of the precediag year, it was curtailed greatly on account of the car shortage. As a result of the congpsted conditions existing east of the Mississippi Kiver, it seems that many of the coal cars which belonged to western raOroads were taken east and not returned. We found ourselves with plenty of coal, with enough miners to take it from the ground, with operators who wanted to sell it, with dealers who wanted to handle it, and with consumers who wanted to consume it, but there were no cars in which to haul it. We urged the retail coal dealers and the managers of industrial plants to unload coal just as soon as the car was placed on their tracks. These people were glad to cooperate with us. Where coal cars had been stand- ing loaded for two, three, or four days, they were now unloaded almost as soon as they were spotted. During the summer of 1918, when the conditions became less severe, both retailers and industrial plant managers, for various reasons, were refusing coal when it arrived at destination. Inasmuch as the fuel adminis- tration was inspecting the preparation, and inasmuch as all the cars were needed to haul coal and other war essentials, this administration on October 23, 1918, issued an order compelling any individual or firm who ordered coal in the regular way, and did not cancel the order before the coal left the mines, to unload as soon as it reached destination. This order had a decided effect upon the efficient handling of railroad equipment. It was pleasing to the coal operators and the railroad officials, and satisfactory to the retail coal dealers who use diligence in their business. Only one firm was refused coal for disobeying the order. In December, when there were sufficient cars to haid all the coal, this order was rescinded. Working in cooperation with Mr. H. A. Weaver, of the Railroad Administration, we have been able to have those firms and individuals who held cars of coal several days before unloading, unload as soon as the cars were placed. SUMMER STORAGE. As soon as the emergency for the winter of 1917-18 was passed, we began a campaign in accordance with the instructions of the United States Fuel Administration, for the buying and early storing of coal. This cam- paign was started in earnest on March 27, the date the summer reduction in prices went into effect. As a pre- liminary of this campaign, I called a meeting of all the county fuel administrators at Oklahoma City on March 1 1 , at which time the situation was carefully discussed. Beginning April 1 this administration sent out circulars to all the retail coal dealers in the State, to industrial plants consuming coal, to the fuel committeemen, and also to the coal operators, urging ever3^one to do what he could to get coal bought in the early part of the summer. The Oklahoma State council of defense was asked to aid the storage campaign. This great organization, with its subsidiary organizations in practically every school district in the State, brought to bear the influence of all the war workers. The State board of education advocated buying coal for all of the State schools early in the summer. ' The State board of affairs, on the suggestion of this administration, bought the entire coal supply for all State institutions in the early summer months. 294 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. The department of agriculture, through the various county agents, put into practice effective methods for teacliing people the necessity of getting their coal in while they could. County superintendents of public instruction insisted that all schools take care of their fuel problems prior to September. Boards of education in the cities bought the school coal supply to help the situation. By the last of April coal operators were flooded with orders, and we found it necessary to caution the people not to become nervous, and to assure them that the operators would be able to get ,a full supply. In past years the production in this State during the spring and summer months has been small on account of no market. Our summer storage campaign was effective in keeping production up to the very highest point. As a result of this early buying we had very few orders for emergency coal during the threshing season in July and August, and we have had no calls for emergency coal during the winter just passed. Occasionally it has been necessary to request the operators to ship coal to one consumer in preference to another, and the operators have been pleased to ship in accordance with our desires. CONSERVATION. Since the organization of the Oklahoma fuel administration the conservation of coal has been effected in three ways: First. By the substitution of wood. Second. By the more economical burning of coal. Third. By the cm-tailment of fuel consumption by certain industries. By the substitution of wood for coal in homes and under boilers at cotton gins and other industries, a con- siderable amount of coal has been saved, more especially on the eastern side of the State. Just what this saving has been in tons is hard to estimate, but in some counties the increase in the consumption of wood is as high as 50 per cent. Last fall, during the cotton ginning season, many gins substituted wood for coal, and in this way saved several thousands tons of coal. On account of the severe drouth in the western and southwestern part of the State in the summer of 1918, the cotton crop was short Eealizing there would be a waste of fuel if all the cotton gins operated, we appealed to the owners of these gins to get together and operate only as many as were necessary to take care of the crop in each community. We also urged the gin managers not to fire up until there were at least 10 bales in sight. Some towns which had five gins operated only three, some with two operated only one. In this way thousands of tons of coal were saved. Instructions telling how coal may be burned more economically have been sent out. Our consulting engineer, Mr. Guy B. Treat, of Oklahoma City, has personally investigated some steam plants, and advised the managers how coal could be burned more economically. Circulars have been sent to all the counties, which were distributed to the domestic consmners, telling how coal may be burned in stoves and furnaces without loss of the usual amount of heat units. Many of these in- structions have been given to the newspapers, and the newspapers have used them freely, thus getting theinfor- mation to practically every user of coal in the State. The conservation of fuel in hotels has been handled through Mr. Joseph Huckings, jr., of the Lee Huckins Hotel at Oklahoma City. Acting on the advice of the chief of conservation of the United States Fuel Administration, I appointed on October 18 Mr. W. D. Little as director of conservation for this State. The conservation work has all been handled from this office, and through the cooperation of the county fuel administrators no extra expense has resulted from the conservation organization. We felt that it was advisable to keep this work concentrated in one office instead of distributing it. Carrying out the orders of the United States Fuel Administrator, we have caused to close down brick plants, tile plants, etc., cutting off consumption entirely. One reason we have not insisted more vigorously upon the conservation of coal in steam plants was because we needed a greater market for slack or steam coal. Oklahoma is not an industrial State. The domestic consumers of coal are not equipped to burn slack or mine run. They must have nut or lump in order to keep their fires going and their houses warm. We found ourselves in the summer and fall facing the problem of disposing of the surplus slack coal or screenings, and trying to get a supply of domestic coal. In order to get the domestic sizes it was necessary to waste the screenings at the mines or to find a market among the industrial plants of the State. On account of the brick plants and other allied industries having been closed down by order of the United States Fuel Admin- istrator, we could not dispose of the slack coal to them. As a result of this condition we did not carry on a strong conservation campaign on the use of steam coal, but confined our efforts mainly to affecting conservation of domestic sizes. While this administration had no jmisdiction over the supply or distribution of natural gas, we have assisted in every way possible in getting material for drilling gas wells, putting in pipe lines, and instructing PEDEEAL, FUEL ADMINISTRATOKS. 295 the people to bttrn gas economically. At least in one town in the State the gas company did not seem to realize the seriousness of the situation imtil the fuel administration requested a little more speed in putting in the distributing system. The citizens of that town are now burning gas instead of coal. We have insisted all the time that natural gas is a domestic fuel, and only the surplus is to be used by industries. While we do not take any credit for the conditions ourselves, the distribution and consumption of natural gas have been more satisfactory during the past winter than they have been for several years previous. ORDERS AND REGULATIONS. This administration has carried out all the rules and regulations of the United States Fuel Administration, and it has issued some additional rules and regulations which were needed only in this State. All regulations, such as the restricting of fuel consumption by manufacturers of face brick, common brick, paving brick, terra cotta, roofing tile, floor and wall tile, sanitary ware, hollow tile, draintile, sewer pipe, stone- ware, cement, and various other restrictions; have been enforced to the letter. The retail gross margin of $1.50 per ton has been enforced throughout the administration. Acting on the suggestion of the Fuel Administration at Washington, we have required all retail coal dealers to register and receive a certificate of registration from this ofiice. In this way we have been able to keep in direct contact with them and have been enabled to direct shipments to those towns which have not been stocked with coal and from towns which have been overstocked. Orders which were necessary temporarily have been issued from time to time, and abrogated as soon as the cause for their issue had passed. SMITHING COAL. On account of the excessive prices of smithing coal at various towns in the State this administration on April 10 estabUshed a maximum retail gross margin of 25 cents a hundred pounds in lots of less than 500 pounds, 20 cents a hundred pounds in lots between 500 and 1,000 pounds, and 15 cents a hundred pounds for larger lots. We have assisted the dealers in this grade of coal in getting a supply. COKE. The shortage of coke in this State became very acute in the summer of 1918, and for several weeks it was almost impossible to get a supply of good coke to the various foundries, and more especially to the foundries in the oU fields. By working in cooperation with Mr. Blauvelt, of the Washington ofiice, we finally got a suffi- cient supply to carry us over the emergency, and no other shortage has been felt. The retail gross margin on coke since April 10, 1918, has been $2 per ton. GENERAL POLICIES. The policy of this a dmini stration has been to disturb prewar conditions just as little as possible. Instead of making arbitrary rulings about the movement of coal, we have attempted to let it move in regular channels. This administration handled no orders except in those cases in which the retail coal dealers or domestic consimiers were unable to get coal in the regular way. By disturbing as little as possible trade practices which had grown up in the past, we believe that we have been able to handle the fuel situation in Oklahoma with less effort and with better results than we could have handled it otherwise. We have kept in view the fact that the great objects to be obtained are the evforcement of mine and retail prices, the obtaining of an adequate supply of fuel for aU purposes, and the saving of all coal, natural gas, and oil possible. COOPERATION OF THE PRESS. No report of the work of the fuel administration for Oklahoma woidd be complete or accurate without paying tribute to the loyalty of the Oklahoma newspapers and periodicals. From the very beginning of the organization of this administration the daily newspapers, weekly newspapers, trade journals, and every peri- odical have given their space freely and gladly to the dissemination of information regarding our plans, aicns, and regulations. In the winter of 1917-18, when the citizens of the western part of the State were begging for coal, the news- papers were glad to give any instructions or suggestions that we had to offer. As a result of their cooperation the people were not thrown into a panic, even when it looked as though they might not have fuel for days at a time. When we opened the campaign for early storage of coal in the summer of 1918, the newspapers rallied to the cause, and the response of the citizens was so great that we ourselves were surprised. As I see it, there have been few examples of greater patriotism than the patriotism of the press of Okla- homa. To estimate just what they have donated to the administration, were the space charged up as adver- tising, I am imable to say, but it would easily amount to hundreds of thousands of dollars. 296 '^ REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. COOPERATION OF COAL MEN AND OTHER AGENCIES. The cooperation of the coal operators of this State, as well as of the other States shipping coal into Oklahoma, has been very gratifying. They have responded to all appeals made by this administration, have pushed their production of coal in every way, have always been glad to ship to such points as we directed or advised, and have assisted the administration in many other ways. In only two or three instances have coal operators charged more than the Government price for their product. The railroad officials have given us their support and have been pleased to consider and put into practice many suggestions from this office. The retail coal dealers and consumers have worked together with this administration to get an adequate supply in all coal-consuming communities. With few exceptions the dealers have gladly conformed to the regulations issued from this office, have been content with the margin established, and have sought ways to improve the situation. While this administration had no jurisdiction over miners and has been particular not to enter into any discussions regarding the complaints by miners, we have answered many letters, and we feel that many minor differences which existed between the miners and operators have been adjusted through our influence. With all of these agencies the fuel administration has acted something as a "shock absorber" and has attempted to keep all forces in harmony and working for the common good. COOPERATION OF DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES. Since the institution of the zone regulations in the appointment of Mr. H. N. Taylor, of Kansas City, as district representative, we have found Mr. Taylor's work very beneficial and of great assistance to us in the movement of coal. Mr. Taylor has been assisted in Oklahoma by Mr. J. W. Hinton, whose knowledge of the coal business and general ability enabled him to handle the various matters which came up quickly and efficiently. OTHER ADMINISTRATORS. It has been our very great pleasure to work in cooperation with the. Federal fuel administrators for Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico in handhng interstate matters which came up from time to time. I have found these gentlemen capable and conscientious and willing to go to any length in order to protect the people in their individual States. It has been a pleasure to have the opportunity to serve in. cooperation with them in this time of stress. The zoning and price systems instituted by the United States Fuel Administration have proved satisfactory to aU concerned and have greatly aided, in our opinion, in the effective handhng of the fuel problems in the Southwest. EXPENSES. The total expenses of the administration are $10,979.95. The small expense can be explained by the fact that most of the workers were volunteer. If all of the work done in connection with the administration had been paid for at a fair price, the cost would have run at least to $100,000. Our traveling expeiises have been phenomenally low. In order to keep expenses down I organized the administration with the end in view of making the county administrators responsible for the enforcement of rules and the carrying out of conservation measures in their respective counties. This has proved entirely satisfactory and has made it unnecessary for us to send out enforcement officers or engineers to look after such matters. CONCLUSION. I am pleased to have been of some service during the war. I have found the men in charge of the admin- istration of fuel matters at Washington conscientious, patriotic, and able business men. I want to take this opportunity of thanking them for their assistance and advice. I have endeavored to handle the affairs of this administration without referring matters generally to the Washington office, believing that our problems were mostly of a local character. I trust niy actions in this respect have the approval of Dr. Garfield and his coworkers. Respectfully submitted. P. A. NOERIS, Federal Fuel Administrator for OMahoma. GtJTHEIE, OeXA., March 22, 1919. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTKATORS. OKLAHOMA. 297 Name. Norris, P. A , STATE ADVISORY BOAKD. Brooks, Dr. Stratton D . Aydelotte, J. M Holman, N STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Little, W.D.. Hinton, J. W.. Treat, Guy B . Huckins, Jos.. Title. Official station. State fuel administrator. GutBlius, M. H. B Browder, Clara Faust, Betsey Fentem, A. L Givens, Maudo M Jensen, Christian Markman, Constance.. Vaughan, Mrs. Josie... West, Mary Horton . . . Woods, P. E on. DIVISION, CONSERVA- TION m INDUSTRIAL PLANTS. Ballard, G«orge L Johnson, Melville L . WiUlams, W. G Haley, John L Burllngame, Clarence. Busch, Mary H Campion, Jno. F . Carter, Elsie Curran, John F Danoiger, Jack Demeules, Edgar A . . Donnelly, Raymond. Downey, Lena Etter, Mabelle. Gosmeyer, Clara.. Harrison, Oma... Harvey, Cal Jablow, Charles. Johnson, D. G... Markman, John. . . MBdren, Jacob L.. Nash, Grover E . . . Nash, Laura M Scally, E. A SpringSeld, J. F- Stevens, W.C-... Wilson, James B- Executive secretary do Consulting engineer Director hotel conservation.. Field supervisor Private secretary Stenographer Clerk Stenographer Chairman wood committee. . Tjrpist and clerk Private secretary do Clerk Ada.. Norman Oklahoma Citv-. Guthrie Ada Heiryetta Oklahoma City.. ....do ....do Ada do ....do do Stillwater Ada do do Oklahoma City.. Engineer | Oklahoma City. do ' do District engineer do Assistant district engineer do Special inspector do Stenographer [ do Special inspector . Clerk I/ocal representative- . Special inspector Local representative- . Special inspector File clerk Stenographer.. .do., .do-. Local representative. . Special Inspector Local representative. . Field supervisor- - Field inspector- - . Special inspector - Statistician-. Field inspector Special inspector Local representative- . Production manager I .do- -do- Enid Oklahoma City - Tulsa Oklahoma City. do -do- -do-. -do-. Lenapah Oklahoma City.. do Tulsa Oklahoma City-. do -do- do do Lawton Wilbuiton. Home address. Ada- Norman Oklahoma City-. Guthrie 119 West Nineteen Street, Ada- . . Henryetta Oklahoma City 1703 North Hudson Street, 0', Drake, n. A Bisb, K.C Bunce, M. D Thomas, Robt. N Masters, S. G Bryan; McKinney, J. R., chair- man. Burnett, A. W Crutchflcid, J. W Mitchell, W. L Tarter, Kugenc CampDell, Bronson Carter, Baxter Purkins, J. L Harrison, George Wood committee — Brown, C. W Clarke, Sarah Mcintosh, R. K Caddo: Campbell, John A., chair- man. Bingham, J. R Griffin, W. P Henry, R. C Gransland, Carl Frunnell, A. W r>avis. Berry Russell, Claud Smith, Chas. W Siegle, Maurice Kessler, B. T Woods, B. T< Cusenbavv, .T. D Bro\vn, Harrv A Wood, B. P.: Canadian: Duffy, P. P., chairman.. Caldwell, C. W Rector, J. S Kelley, P. J Borden, Geo. W Walker, Jos Woodson, C. J Hayden, J. W Niles, W. E Jarter: Dunlap, E., chairman... Hyatt, W. A Sparks, O. .\ iSIcKay, P. W rhorokee: Ward, Henry Lawrence, Edgar R Cunningham, J. T Peterson, J . Norwood . . . Banker, J. W Manship, Jas Jones, Luther (Choctaw: Wllber, R. r., chair- man. Boswell, S. C Harris, C. L Nelson, B. A Leonard, W. E. B Cimarron: McMahon, E. B., chair- man. Kddv, W. M Thomas, B. C Cavis, L rank Cleveland: Weir, Wm. C, chair- man. Cowan, J. A. Ellinger, R. F Mautaw, Wm Crall, E. S Oflicial station. Sayro. do... do... Elk City . Erick.... Texola... Carter Sayre . . do. Watonga — Homestead.. Hitchcock... Okeene Geary Greenfield. . . Eagle City . . Durant Achille Caddo Calera Bennington . . Bokchito Colbert Keneflck Durant do. do. do. Anadarko, Fort Cobb. . Carnegie Washita Apache Cyril Gracemont, Binger Lookeba - - - Hinton Bridgeport . Hydro do Apache .... Hydro El Reno... Union Mustang . . Yukon Piedmont. Richland- - Okarche... Calumet... Banner — Ardmorc Healdton Berwyn New Wilson.. Talequah . do do-... do.... do.... Hulbert... Park Hill . Hugo. Boswell Soper Grant Fort Towson. Boi.se Oily. . . Kenton . . . Boise City. Sampsel.". Norman. Moore Noble Lexington. Norman — Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From — Nov. 1, 1917 Novy"i,'i9i7 .....do ....do do do , ....do ... do ... do ....do ....do , ....do ....do ....do , Feb, 7,1918 Nov. 1,1917 .do. .do. ..do. .do. .do. .do. do. do. .do- ,.do- ,.do. .do. .do.... .do.... .do.... .do.... .do do -.-.do ....do ....do ...-do Nov. 15,1917 Sept. 28,1918 Nov. 1,1917 ....do ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do- ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ....do ....do Feb. 23,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 ....do ....do ....do .do. ,.do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ....do.. .do. -do. .do. .do. To— 0) Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. To. To. Po. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. To. Do. Do. Do. To. Po. Po. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Po. Do. Do. Po. Do. Po. Po. Do. Po. Po. Po. Po. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Po. Po. Po. Do. Po. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. Official station. COtJNTT PDEL COMMMTEES- oontinued. Coal: Armstrong, R . N. , chair- man. CardwelljT. P.... Jones, W. A Eighols, Harry Burrows, C J Bryan. T. A Cook, E. R Comajiche: Tedford. J. F., chairman. Better, H. A Shipley, Frank Wefch,D.C Hollldav, A. O Brunskill, W. W Dilling,E. W Stabler, George Cotton: Boyer, D. W., chairman. Crawford, H. A Suter,B. F Arnold, S. L Bateman, A. R Roberts, J. O Brooks, W. Lee Morris, Lon Wells, A. S Richardson, R. L Craig: Starr, J. C, chairman . . . Creek: McCauley, H. A., chair- man. Farris, R. B Nichols, L. M Morris, G. A Bailey, S.E Chronic, B.J Barton, R. L Lurton, J. E Wood committee — Riley, J. W Cluster: Sights, A. P., chairman. . Yeager, E. B Wood,M.L Little, S.H Ross, Albert Cowles, Ed Olmstead, E. A Shaw, Chas Delaware: Howe, Lee, chairman . . . Wood committee — Young, Clint Bell,Clar Dewey: Delaney, F. G Hooker, Phil S White, Sam Brown, John "Haddon, Elmer Price, Joe Autrobus, J. H., chair- man. ElUs: Driskell, W. J., chair- man. Johnson, C. H Wallace, John H Lawhead, Clyde Rogers, Jno. F Garfield: Campbell, J. B., chair- man. Hauhn, Jack Gummerson, Giis Pope, Bob Green, Chas Burns, F. D Elain, R. M Perry, Dane Stull,A. A Trojan, Jos Adams, H. A BreederhofiE, W. D Ellis, A. H Seeds, J. E Garber, Bert Messenger, D. E Trewer, Joe Garvin: WUliamson, C. C, chair- man. Garrison, J. S Volun- teer 01: salalry. Tupelo. Coalgate Lehigh Phillips Centrahoma.. Clarita Bromide Lawton Indiahoma... Cache Chattanooga . Faxon Elgin Fletcher Geronimo Walter Temple Randlett- . . Devol Walter ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Vinita-., Sapulpa. Drumright. Bristow Moimds Kiefer Mannford.. Mounds Bristow Sapulpa.. Clinton do Weatherford . Custer Thomas Arapaho Butler Thomas Grove. .do. .do. Taloga Camargo Soiling Vici Lenora Oakwood..-. . Taloga Gage. ....do.... Shattuck-. Amett Shattuck. . Waukomis . Hunter Kremlm Hillsdale Carrier Hillsdale Enid Hunter Lahoma Bison. ..I Douglas Fairmont HajTvard Covington Garber Drummond . . Covington Pauls Valley. Lindsay V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. Ffom- To- Nov. 1 . do. 1917 Feb. 28, 1919 Po. do Po. do. Po. .. . do Do. .....do Do. do . . . . Do. do Do. . ..do Do. do Do. do .. - Do. . . do Do. do Do. do Do. . do Do. do ... . Do. do . . do Do. Do. do Do. do Do. . , do Do. do do Do. Do. do do Do. Do. . do Do. do Do. do ... . Do. . . do Do. do Do. . .do Do. ....do Do. Oct. 8,1918 Sept. 19,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do .. . •Do. Do. Do. Do. . . do Do. ....do Do. do Do. ... do Do. ....do Do. do Do. . . do Do. . . do Do. do Do. ... do Do. . . do Do. ....do do Do. Do. ....do Do. do Do. . . do Do. Sept. 9,1918 Nov. 1,1917 ....do Do. Do. Do. ... do Do. ....do Do. . . do . . Do ....do Do. ....do Do. ....do Mar 1 1919 ....do ... do bo ' ....do Do ....do Do. ....do Do ....do Do . . do . . Do ....do Do -...do ....do Do. Do June 25,1918 Nov. 1,1917 -...do ....do Do. Do. Do. Do ....do Do ....do Do. I Resigned. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. OKLAHOMA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 299 Name. Official station. COUNTY FUEL CO MMITTEES-*- continued. Garvin— Continued. Dodge, W.E ' Stevenson, Alfred Harris, W.J Crabtree, Joe Keyes, Eme-st Gradv: Frey, Y.M., chairman. Ellis, H.K Little, Dr. J. S Shelton, J. E Hollingsworth, Luther. Martin, Geo. T Huntley.W.M Lentz.C.M Bowyer, Kalph Hill, Jack. Melton, Alger . Laws, . Alexander, Roht. E. Grant; Kelly, Joe, chairman j Garrison, Wm Neal,T.L Jacobson, Charles Cowan, Geo. H EnterlinCLCharles i Lehman, Rube Bull, H. A Harris, Grant Greer: Janeway, P. A., chair- man. Brown, Geo Holland, West Ford,H.C Jesse, Elmer V Raemer, P. W Harmon; Scurggs, J. H., chairman. Harper; Griffitts, J. L., chairman. Newberry, Robt Brown, V. B Fhnt, L. R HaskeU; Nash, C. H., chairman . . Frederick, John R Price, H. D., jr Rabon, R. A Wood committee — Moore, T. H Powell, J. J Elmore Stratford MaysvUle Paoli Wynne Wood. Chickasha Verden Minco Tuttle Amber Bradley Rush Springs. Nimiekah Alex Pocasset Chickasha Pocasset .Uex Volun- teer or salary. Jefferson — Pondcreek . . Medford Renfrew.. . Lament Nash Deer Creek. Wakita do Mangum. Granite Brrnkman. Willow Mangum... Granite — V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Hollis V Buffalo V Laveme V May ' V Rosston V Stigler V McCurtain I V Keota I V Klnta V Stigler. do. Benson^ G. L., chair- man (resigned). Ferguson, Walter, chair- man. MoGee,X.X Holman^. C Forhefi, W.I -Vrmstrong, J.J Wilbanks,C. H Green, A. A Wood committee — Ware,R. L Mitchell, Mabel Fern. Durham, VirgU S . . . Jackson: Nesbitt,E. F., chairman- Watts, J. H Hyde,T. B PhUIips, F. M Haynes, J. A Ricks, W. H Austin, W.C Denny, C. M Perry, A. L Jefferson: Kerr, W. F., chairman (resiened). Bird, H. V^ chairman . . Edmonds, T. A Bird, Homer Petty, J.P Price, H. K Hodges. M. G Marshall, H.G McKiney, E Wood committee — Dyer, J.M Stiusan.C. Kerr, W. F Briscoe, P. F Johnston: Teter, D. C, chairman. . Grant, W.S Osbom, J. H Holdenville. do Wetumka. . Stuart Dustin Lamar Calvm Y( Holdenville do do Altus Martha — Altus Olustee . . . Blair Headrick. Eldorado.. Elmer Duke Eingling. Rvan Waurika... Ryan Hastings . . . Addlngton . Terral do Addington . Waurika. Ryan Ringling. Terral Tishoimngo... Wapanucka. . . Milbum V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— To— Nov. 1, 1917 Feb. 28,1919 ....do Do. ....do Do. ....do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. Feb. 12,1918 Do. Nov 1,1917 Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. Feb. 2,1918 Do. Nov. 1, 1917 Do. do Do. Sept. 9,1918 Do. Nov. 1,1917 Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do June 1, 1918 June 1, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Nov. 1,1917 Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. July 12,1918 Do. Nov. 1,1917 Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. .....do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. Nov. 1, 1917 Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. July 12,1918 Do. Nov. 1,1917 Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. Name. COUNTY FUKL COWMITTKES — i continued. Johnston — Continued. Houck, Geo. V HowoU, Henry Martin, 11. A Wilboni, A. W Burgess, K . D Barnes, Will Norman, Joe Teaftcllcr, Jim Green, .Tack Dillingham, Mike ....... Benson, B. W Alexander, C. F Harris, W. L Wood committee- Walker J. W Hall, Alemon Quaid, Mrs. T.D.D. Kay: King, P. R., chairman. . Riehl, John A Garrott, J. W Cassity, Geo Barker, Jim Wood committee — Kersey, A. D Ridde'l), J. F Kingfisher: Bowman, Geo., chair- man. Stone, I T^edy, Jack Wood committee — - Listen, Mrs. Sarah. . Wiley, J. K Kiowa: Field, Jesse, chairman... Alexander, S. M Carroll, W. G Bradbury, J. W Edmondson, W. H Woodard, W. G Conycr, C. W Rule, J. M Latimer: Glynn, Father yv. J., chairman. McConnell, James Wemhaner, 0.0 Powers, Wm Howard, John Kaligan, James Royce, Wm Stovall, Green Guest, Tom Guest, M. J Le Flore: Stalcup, J. E ., chairman. Durden, Lera P Hmit,W.F Thomas, J Harmon, A. S Moreland, H. W Brewer, 0. J. M Johnson, A. S Cummons, Charles LeFlore, Dude McLarty, Dud Rupe, Sara Green, Stewart F Christman, J. T Smith,B.B Carikcr, W. W Goodnight, Ed Bailey, Arthur Rabon, E.M Qulnn, W. W Edwards, John Wood committee— Shelton, H. W. 0... Shelton, Mrs. H. W. C. Skinner, J. A Lincoln: Davis, John J., chairman. Stump, H Curtis, J. A Lee, Frank Lycan, A. W Pangbum, Geo Lo?:an: Bierer, A. G. C Fruen, M. E McKinnon. T. F Stobaugh, Ed Acton, A . B Hearn, H. D Wilson, W. S Olhcial station. (Coleman . . . . Mill Creek... Ravia Mannsville.. Bromide . . . . Pontotoc Connerville . Reagan Fillmore Emet Bee Russet Nida Milbum - do... do... Newkirk . . . BlackwcU.. Ponca City. Tonkawa.. Kaw Newkirk . do... Kingfisher . Cash! on . 1 . . Hennessey. Kingfisher . ....do Hobart Lone Wolf Gotebo Mountain View. Roosevelt Snyder Lugert Hobart Wilburton . do do do do do TjUtic Red Oak. . . Wilburton . Hughes Poteau ....do Wlster Talihina Leflore Howe Heavencr . . . Bokoshe Calhoun Milton Braden Williams Cameron Spiro Monroe Shadypoint . Panama do. Bokoshe Spiro Shadypoint . Poteau do do... Chandler. Carney. . . Sparks... Prague... Stroud . . . Prague... Guthrie . . Coyle Guthrie . . Crescent . . T^ovell Marshall . , Meridian. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V ^' y y V V V V V V V V V V y V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 1,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do , ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do -...do ....do .--.do ..-.do ....do ..--do , ---.do -...do ....do ...-do --..do ----do ---.do ---.do ....do Feb. 4,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 ....do ....do ....do -...do ....do Feb. 11,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do do....i. do do ..--do Mar. 1,1918 do do do Oct. 11,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do ...-db- ...-do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ..-.do. ---.do. -.-.do. ---.do. ---.do. ..-.do. To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. T)o. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do ■Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 300 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. OKLAHOMA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. COUNTY FDEL COMMITTEES— continued. Logan^Continued. Matthews, W. H Slontajue, T. A Meagher, P. J Hams, Wm. A Smith, Dick Wood committee— DooUttle, Margaret.. Dillenheck, F. H.... ^yOve: feeller, E. A., chairman. Hodges, Walter Howard, Earl Kent, J. H McClain: Abemathy, John L., chairman. Parham, R. H HasHns, Marion Small, J. A Reeves, W. A Swindle, B.F Holmes, J. H Everett, H. H Nemccok, J.J Wood committee- Ward, Miss B. B.... McCurtain: Craig, John M., chair- man. Higgs, J. W Costillow, J. W Goforth, W. A Norwood, J. H WatHns, W. E Correll, I. O Mcintosh: LaFayette, Ben, chair- man. Simnson, R. L Winston, W.W Hobson, A. F Major: Rajidall, Harry, chair- man. Chastain, C. J Wheeler, L.B Logan, Pierce MoDanlel, Ben Prescott, J. W. A Fuzzell, D. W Marshall: Beirdon, J. P., chairman. Chesnut,C.C Simmons, Jim Wyhe.W.Y McMillan, J. E Mayes: Samuel, C. L., chairman Murray: Mosley, J. B., chairman Kennedy. Dr. L. M Mosely, W. H Wood committee- Stevens, A. J Wilson, Mrs. Nola Hill. Stevens, Mrs. A. J. . Muskogee: Gibson, H. W., chair- man. Egolf, W. D., vice chair- man. Fluke, Nettie Way, Thos. J Ramsey, D. W Smith, J. R Ross, Chas Agee, Mabel C Futrell, T.E Leonard, Frank Reece, Guy Wright, R. W Milford, M Stine, J.C Flusehe, F. A Long, G. L Morris, W. M Clevenger, Mose Jackson, Wm Mountcasell, R. M Noble: Hanson, John A., chair- man. Van Meter, H. B Robinson, John Mitchell, J. M Perry, H. L, , Official station. Mulhall Navina Orlando Pleasant Valley. Seward Guthrie . . . ....do.... Marietta. . . Orr Overbrook . Marietta. . . Purcell. . ....do Blanchard Byars Wayne Eosedale Washington... do Wayne Purcell. . Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Idabel V do •---.' Broken Bow... Gar\dn Bismark I Valiant Idabel Checotah Eufaula.. Hanna... Checotah. . Fairvlew. Cleo Sprhigs.- ., V Ringwood V Meno V Ames V Fairview ' V Orienta I V Madill ! V Kingston 1 V Aylesworth. . ..j V Woodvllle 1 V MadlU V Pryor j V Sulphur I V Da\'is I V Hickory j V Sulphur i V do ! V .do. Muskogee . do.... 1 Boynton Haskell Oktaha Warner Webbers Falls. Wainwright — Porum Fort Gibson Braggs Council Hill Keefeton Yahola Crekola Briartown Muskogee do Taft Fort Gibson Perry V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V S V V V Sumner V Morrison ] V Redrock ' V Bliss ! V Served. Nov. 1,1917 ....do Nov. 8, 1918 Nov. 1,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do , -...do ....do ....do ....do ....do Aug. 12,1918 Nov. 1,1917 Aug. 13,1918 Nov. 1,1917 ...do .do. Nov. 4,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do Feb. 12,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do do .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. Nov. 1,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do do do do .-do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. .do. .do. .do. July 24,1918 Nov. 1,1917 ... .do ....do ....do ....do .-..do ....do ....do do do do ....do do do do do do do do June 1.5,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do. do- do- do. do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Noble— Continued. McCluskey, W. G Donahey, A, J.... Wollard, G. C Nowata; Elliott, Thos . , chairman . Anglin, A. T Martin, B.C Holmes, J. H. M Glbbs,C. A Barttett, C. M Barnett, R. F Whitechurch, R. O Strother, H. R. chancy, James Okfuskee: Shallenberger, W. C, chairman. Ballard, Ben C Thompson, J. B Bradley, O. H FuUbrlght, M. L Taylor, W. H Wood committee — Belcher, B Turner, J. T Lawless, B . F Meineck, J. A Oklahoma: Street, Allen, chairman. Glitsch, Carl Emerson, H. S Fink, C. H Lynn, J. A King,L. P Rice, Orman Smith, Geo. M Miles, Ben F Jarhoe, W. H Hunker, T. J Randall, C. H Johnson, J. H Lindsey, G. F Okmulgee: Maroney, J. J. , chairman. Christopher, H. R Maloney, J. Q O'Hornett.C. J Connor, Hugh J Nevins, Arch -. . . Jordan, Ed McKay, George Pitcher, Roy Thompson, Thos Hardy, Milton J Varriott, Peter Cullen, George Barrett, E. K Sizemore,Chas Sanders, Dave Stenhouse, John Rooney, Jas Oificial station. Volun- teer or salary. Reneau, John Pulling, B.W Jones , Heni^ McCarthy, John Ryan, Tom Lipps, Orph Saynes, Ed Mahoney, Dennis P Kirkham, Tom Boyle, Hugh Crowder, James Sparks, Tom Brown, Archie Curry, John Nelson, Gertrude, sten- ographer. Brown, Chas. C, chair- man, Ottawa: Robinson, J. F., chair- man. Stalcup, J. C. , chairman. Tuthill. R. J Wills, Roy T Robinson, Jno. A Dyke,C.F Crow, John W., sr Smalley, W. P Hudson, G. F Ben-lelarie, A. E Newton, John Danford, Ralph J Bllliugs. Lucleh. . Perry . . . Nowata Waiin Delaware LfenapaJi South Cofley- VlllB: Watova Alluwe CoOdys Bluff .. Nowata Ruby.. WeleBtka. Okeinah. . Clearview. Boley Castle Paden Okemah . do... Paden . . . do... Oklahoma City. do :.. Brltton Edmond Arcadia Luther Jones Choctaw Harrah Newalla Wheatland Spencer OklahomaCity. do Okmulgee Henryetta do ....do Dewar Henryetta do ....do do do do do do do do ....'.do do R.F. D., Hen- ryetta. do Henryetta . . . . do Dewar do do do .....do do do Coaltou Schulter Henryetta . . . . Dewar Henryetta . . . . 204 Twelfth Street, Paw- huska. Miami ....do ....do do do Douthat Wyandotte . . . Alton Quapaw Picher Tar River Commerce '. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V ■V V V V V V V V \' V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V \' V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Nov. 1,13 17 do ddr .dd.. .do., .dd.. -dd.. .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do- ..do. .do. .do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ,.do. ..do. ,.do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. do July 1,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do July 1,1918 Aug. 12,1918 Nov. 1,1917 Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do do do do do To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Dd. Do. Dd, Do. Do. _ ' Do, Do, Do. Dd. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. DO, DO. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 7, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. « Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do, Do, ' Resigned. Fig. 21 AvERAqE Actual Pieces PEI^ BARrtEL OF Petroleum AMD ITS PRODUCTS 1 CR.UDE PcTI^OLeUM 2 GASOLIME 3 KERpaEHC 4FUEL0ri. SLUBRJCATIMq OIL BV MOUTHS /feroseoe (/^o/Tfes/^c) Cr(/so///?G o_ rua/O// Fig. 21.— Av3rag3 actual prices of (1) crads potro'-cun, (2) gasoline, (3) kerosene, (4) fuel oil, and (5) lubricating oil. 122600—21. (To face page 300.) FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. OKLAHOMA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 301 Name. Official station. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Ottawa— Continued. Gaines, Wldd Campbell, Sidney . . Wilson, B.H Pawnee: Beardsley , D . , cliaimian. McCoUum, J. A Colvin, E. D Smotony, Frank Foiles, Charley. . Kimery, L. N. . Newton, T. B... Hedges, I. E Moore, Burt Hubbard, Gal... Byers, C. J Morris, S. E Payne: Burdick C.L., chairman. Fields, J. W Knisely, W. T Lewis, L. G Ourslerj Henry WUbanks, J. H Jennings, Allen Goom, Austin Wood committee — Farrington, F. L Pittsburg: Russell, Fred C, cbalr- man. Huber.F.L TerreU,S. S Bender, John Gold, Steve Murray, Owen M Zeiher, A. L Wilson, E.E Nolley, Tom Brown, A. C Shannon, M.J Jolly, E.E Sims, B.C WiDianis, J. R Ross, W. E Sammons, L. T Pontotoc: Fentem, A. L., chairman. King, Elsie Moms, L. M Carpenter, L. P Overton. Dr.L.M White, C.W Hughes, Hugo Busby, Orel little, W.D Sugg H. P Pottawatomie: Douglas, H,T. , eliairman. McDonald, Geo. A Seikel, Jno La Eeau.E. C Knight, C. A Bolinger, H. A Ingram, J. A Stiff, Eobt. L WaUace,E. P Alexander, B. L Cotton,C.r Gaddis, J. C Houston, F. L Pushmataiia: Easton, Jake, chairman. Roger Mills: Madden, W. P., chair- man. Win£ord,E. C Moore, J. J Narcissa. . Fair land . Dauthat . Redden ,^oy. Conley, H Rogers: Flippin, J. F., chairman Seminole: Buroh, T. E., chairman. Wood committee — BUlingsly, W. A Howard, H. G Nichols, A. G Taylor, A. H Sequoyah: McConnell, W. E Winn, P. 8 Wagner, J. H., chairman. Ferrier, S. S McDonald, J. E Trotter,S. J Mays,B Pinner.Dr. B.J Pawnee do do Marameo. . Jennings . . Hallett...- Sfcedee Ralston. . . Terlton... Keystone . Cleveland . Keystone . Stillwater . do Glencoe . . . Yale Gushing. . . Ripley Perkins . . . Ripley Stillwater . , McAlester. . Quinton Growder Canadian Indianola McAlester Savanna Kiowa Pittsburg Blanco Krebs HaUeyville. . . Hartshome . . Adamson. . . . Alderson McAlester Ada Francis AUen Stonewall.. Fitzhugh... Vanoss Rofl Ada do Fitzhugh... Sliawnee... do McLoud. . - Wanette... Teeumseh.. Maud Earlsboro.. Asher Romulus... Tribbey Macomb. .. Dale Hazel Antlers.... Cheyenne . Claremore. Wewoka... ..do.- ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. Vian Gore SaUisaw Moflett Sallisaw McKey Marble City. . . Gans do Strong City... RoU Hammon Volim- teer or salary. V V V V V V V y V V V V ^• V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 1,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do do ....do do do do do do Feb. 20,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do do do do do do June 18,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do do do do ..-..'do do do do Jan. 31,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do do do do do do do Nov. 1, 1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do To— do do do do Nov. 1,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do do do Nov. 1,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. July 11,1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do do do do do do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Sequoyah— Continued. Hoppis, John Foreman, Rosooe McKnafl^. C Mabray, W. M Dorsqs,S. S Stephens: Wade, T. L., chairman. MelUsh, G. W Duncan, Bill Kirtley, B. L Walters, Clarence Armstrong, J, H Texas: Quinn, R. B., chairman. Allison, John F Gain, Zach Rose,C.r Jensen, Geo Hale,H.B Tatum, N. A .Tillman: Newland, J. L . , chairman , Mathis,J. A Wyatt, Geo. D Barney, E. H Watson, A. H Garten, J. S Norwood, J. G : . Vamer, Fred Long, D. M McLure, J. H EUey, W. W Kimmel, E. N Tulsa: Williamson, G. Earl, chairman. Kerr,A. T. W Cleveland, G. H MitcheU, R. B Worsham, Harry Hubbard, Gal Wolf, J. E Gibbons , J. Burr Talbot, Ralph Wood committee — Baker, Lereau Hedges, Mrs. Mta- nette F. Wilcox, E. A Wagoner: Carl, G. D., chairman... Washington: Puckett, M. E., chair- man. Kayser,C. E McGoid, J.D Brent, Harry Ellis, Thomas J Rodecker, H. B Garlinghouse, C. C Kane, John Washita: McDonald, Roy B., chairman. Hutton, W. R., chair- man. Fields, Jolm , Combs, Roy Weber, A. A , Robinson, Dell Brown, J. A Carder, CM Woods: Bridges, J. D., chairman . Hamplin, E.J Kavanaugh, A. H Sevum, Frank E Fatten, R.B Weaber, Geo Hudson, Hez Berge, Port Moreland, John Bowen, O. J McCray, A Macy, S. S Schaeferno, J. B Webb, A. M Woodward: Geriach, John, chairman. Murray, W. S Million, E Baxter, C. G Krouth, J.C Clapham, Waldo Nordyke, Bex Armstrong, G. B Marum, D. P Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Hanson... Foreman.. Redland. . Muldrow.. Boland . . . Marlow Comanche.. Duncan Marlow Duncan Comanche.. Guymon.. Texhoma . Tyrone Hooker. . . Optima... Goodwell. Hooker. . . Frederick.. ....do Manitou. . . Tipton HoUister. . . Loveland-- Davidson.. Grandfleld . Frederick.. Davidson. . Grandfleld. ..-.do Tulsa. Sand Springs.. Skiatook Broken Arrow Bixby Keystone Bixby Tulsa ....do -do. .do. -do. Wagoner Bartlesville . do Copan Dewey Ochelata Ramona. . .. Vera Bartlesville. Cordell do... Sentinel.. Foss Canute... Bessie Dill Rocky . . . Alva do.... do.... Waynoka. Avard Dacoma... Capron Hopeton . . Freedom.. Lookout . . Galena Alva do.... Waynoka. Woodward. . Moorelaud. . Supply Curtis Sharon Mutual Quinlan Tangier Woodward. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Nov. 1,1917 do do do ....'.do do do do do Sept. 28, 1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do do do do June 8, 1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do do do do do do do July 24,1918 Nov. 1,1917 Oct. 14,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do do do do do do do do do do ■ Aug. 2, 1918 Nov. 1,1917 Aug. 9, 1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do Sept. 10, 1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do do do do do do do Oct. 3, 1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do do do do do Apr. 1, 1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do , do do do do do do , do do do do do Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 1, 1917 do do do do do do Dec. 1, 1917 To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 3, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do, Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ■ Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. OREGON/ The Oregon fuel administration was organized immediately following my appointment on October 8, 1917, as Federal fuel administrator for Oregon. Office space was tendered me by the State council of defense for Oregon, Bruce Dennis, director of work for the State council of defense, acting as executive secretary for the fuel administration, his services being voluntary. Mr. Dennis served as executive secretary until March 9, 1918, when he resigned, being succeeded by Miss Margaret B. Durning, who severed her connection with the State council of defense for Oregon to become permanently identified with the fuel administration as executive secretary. In November, 1917, the following advisory board was appointed: F. L. Chambers, Eugene; E. A. Holmes, Portland; W. O. Munsell, Portland; L. L. Pearce, Salem; Dr. C. J. Smith, Portland. In the same month county chairmen were selected, the same men serving in most instances in a similar capacity with the State council of defense. In December, 1917, an oH committee was appointed, the personnel being as follows: W. E. Coman, chair- man, Portland; Charles G. Briggs, Portland; Hihnar Papst, Portland; and J.J. Sayer, Portland. In December, 1917, retail gross margins were established for the State, a new schedule for Portland being made in January, 1919. The new schedule allowed the dealers more margin of profit, made necessary by increased cost of labor. They derived very little benefit from this, however, as price regulations and retail gross margins were rescinded by the United States Fuel Administration on February 1, 1919. During the latter part of 1917, when there was considerable congestion of cars, a number of emergency orders for fuel were put through this office, thereby averting a shortage of coal in certain portions of the State. In February, 1918, I issued an order to all office buildings requiring that heat, regardless of the fuel used, be turned off at 5.30 p. m. However, as the fuel situation in this State was not critical, I rescinded this order the latter part of March of 1918. Early in April of 1918 I added a publicity department to my office, with Fred W. Vincent ia charge as mana- ger of publicity, in order that a State-wide campaign might be launched to induce early fuel buying, as a result of which campaign people purchased their fuel earlier than was ever known in the history of Portland, or, as a matter of fact, anywhere else in the State. In Portland, dealers worked until far into the night delivering their orders. A city ordinance regulating the piling of wood on the streets was amended by Mayor George Baker, so that the public might order wood two months earlier than has ever been permitted before. Maximum wood prices for Portland were fixed by me in April, 1918, in conjunction with Mayor George Baker, the schedule established with certain increases allowed June 18 and July 26 because of increased cost of labor remaining in effect until February 1, 1919. Portland is approximately one-half wood-burning because of the large milling interests on the Willamette and Columbia Rivers. The extreme eastern, southeastern, and southern parts of Oregon use wood largely, southern Oregon especially being heavily timbered. In May, 1918, under directions from D. M. Folsom, Federal oil director for the Pacific coast, certain classes of oil users were advised to convert to another fuel, as a shortage of oil was anticipated because of the comman- deering of tankers from the Pacific. This shortage did not occur, however, and the people continued to use oil, despite advice from this office to the contrary. Ordiuarily the average consumption of fuel off in Oregon is approximately 3,800,000 barrels per year, a large part of this being used by railroads, utilities, logging camps, etc. Oil consumption during the past year, because of the many war industries, has been much greater than in normal times. During the summer of 1918, under instructions from the statistical division, this office procured from the fuel dealers throughout the State the exact tonnage of bituminous coal received and distributed by them during the year 1917. It was also ascertained from pubfic utihties the kind of fuel used, a report of consumption for 1917, and estimated requirements for 1918. Very few power plants in this State use coal or oU, using "hogged fuel." In ascertaimng fuel used by industrial plants in Oregon, much assistance was given this office by Mr. O. P. Hoff, State labor commissioner, and his deputies, Messrs. Caulfield and Dalziel. Mr. Hoff also furnished this office original lists of industrial plants in Oregon, copies being sent by me to the bureau of State distribu- tion, to the bureau of statistics, and to the oil division at Washington, for use by those departments. 1 Report from Oct. 19, 1917, to Fet>. 28, 1919. 302 FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTKATOfeS. 303 Complying with the desire of the United States Fuel Administration, on September 13, 19l8, 1 instructed the Portland Railway, Light & Power Co. to maugurate the "skip-stop" plan, which is stiU partly in effect, the plan having been abandoned by the railway company a few months ago on incoming cars. When the cool weather set in, the fuel administration became the recipient of scores of complaints from tenants of heat profiteering landlords, who, in many instances, claimed to be acting under instructions from this ofl&ce in maintaining inadequate heat in apartment houses, rooming houses, and hotels. Many tenants were asked to vacate because they requested heat. I gave this matter full publicity, notifying tenants that the order did not emanate from this office, and that they should demand a proper amount of heat. Because of my absolute inability to prosecute the complaints pourmg into this office, I finally requested Mayor Baker to take over the complaints, as it lay within his power to remedy the situation. In January, 1 919, au ordinance was passed by tby city requiring a minimum temperature of ,68° from 7.30 a. m. to 10.30 p. m. in all rooming houses, apartment houses, and hotels. A number of offenders have been prosecuted under this ordinance. In view of the fact that conditions in Oregon were so favorable, it was not considered necessary to put into effect any definite or drastic plan of conservation. However, in order that matters of this sort might be taken care of, mso far as they pertained to this State, Mr. B. E. Kennedy was appointed as State director of conservation dm-ing the latter part of 1918, and he at once commenced the distribution, through the schools, coimty chairmen, fuel dealers, shipyards, and industrial plants, of pamphlets on conservation of fuel. Much interest was manifested by the public in this sort of information, and there were numerous calls for the different pamphlets on conservation sent out by the Washington administration. Phn Metschan, jr., was appointed to look after conservation in hotels, but there was nothing in particular to do along this line for the reason that at all times there has been a plentiful supply of coal and wood in Oregon. Oregon has been peculiarly well situated with regard to fuel during the life of the fuel administration; and, indeed, this is true at aU times. With plenty of native wood fuel, with large supplies of coal coming from L'tah, Wyoming, and Washington, and ample shipments of fuel oU from California, the only danger of a fuel shortage was a tie-up of transportation facilities. Profiting by the nation-wide experience of the winter of 1917-18, I avoided this possibility with the early buying campaign, making it clear to the public that there might be unfore- seen difficulties regarding transportation and that the only safe plan was to order fuel during the summer and thus be prepared for any crisis that might arise during the winter. The coimty chairmen have been invaluable to this office in looking after affairs in the different counties where it was necessary to supervise fuel conditions. In many of the counties a county representative was in reality not a necessity, certain portions of the State burning no coal at all. Beacuse of the fact that the men acting as county chairmen were also interested in other war activities and there were therefore heavy demands upon their time, I have, wherever possible, handled all matters directh' from this office. Besides the offices in Portland, I have maintained an office at La Grande, there being no rental charge on the latter. In this way the State has had full and ample representation. During my administration as fuel administrator I have had but three employees on salarj-: An executive secretary, manager of publicity, and a stenographer, the latter at my La Grande* office. Margaret B. Durning has occupied the position of executive secretary and, in addition to performing the duties of this office, has done the actual clerical work of the office at Portland. She also represented me in my absence from Portland. Henrietta McKaughan has been manager of publicity since October, 1918, having succeeded Fred W. Vincent, who served in this capacity from April to October. I have endeavored at all times to conduct m}^ office m as economical a manner as possible. The adminis- tration has spent during its life $7,945.62. This amount includes salaries, travel expense, rent, furniture, and office equipment, stationery, printing, etc. There has been realized from the sale of furniture $269. _>,"), wliich is being sent to the Fuel Administration at Washington. Much of the fiu-niture and office equipment used by this office was loaned to us for our use by different firms m Portland, Bushong & Co., Kilham Stationery & Printuig Co., and the Pacific Stationery Co., having generously donated different articles as long as they were needed by this office. In conclusion I wish to say that I feel that the Oregon fuel administration bus been the means of estab- lishing confidence between the fuel dealers and the fuel consuming public. Through its cooperation with the dealer and the consumer, it has brought each to a closer understanding of the rights and privileges of the other. As to the dealers, they have, with very few exceptions, aided and assisted this office in every way possible. Credit is surely due them for the thorough cooperation given this office. Many dealers ha^•e expressed regret that the fuel administration could not be continued in effect. 304 REPORT OF ADMlNISTRAtlVE DIVISION. I have at all times used my best endeavor to carry out the insti'uctions and wishes of the United States Fuel Administration whenever applicable to conditions existing in this State. Many regulations issued at Wash- ington I did not put into effect in Oregon, because they did not apply. I feel that I may say unqualifiedly that the fuel administration has been of much benefit to the people of this State. Respectfully submitted. Fred J. Holmes, Federal Fuel Administrator for Oregon. Portland, OiiEG., Marcli 1, 1919. OREGON. Name. Holmes, Fred J STATE ADVISORY BOARD. Holmes, E. A Munsell, W. O Smith, Dr. C. J . . . Chambers, F. L... Pearce, L. L STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Dennis, Brace Durning, Margaret . Kennedy, B. E Metschan, Phil, jr McColIoch, Claude Geijsbeek, Samuel Gruiunett, Nell E MoKaughan, Henrietta. . . Title. State fuel administrator.. Chairman. Executive secretary. do Director State conservation.. Director hotel conservation.. Director of enforcement District chief conservation . . Stenographer Manager, publicity Raybiiin, Delia | Stenographer Vincent, Fred W \ Manager, publicity. FUEL OIL COMMITTEE. Coman, W. E Papst, Hilmar Briggs, Charles Q . Sayer, J. J Official station. Northwestern Bank Building, Portland. Portland. do... do.. Eugene. Salem... Portland. do... do ....do ...-do do La Grande . Portland. . . .do. -do. Portland. .do. .do. .do. Home address. La Grande . 1336 Northwestern Bank Building, Portland. Caro Parlin & OrendarfE Plan Co., Portland. Broadway Building, Portland First National Bank, Eugene Salem Portland 1337 Northwestern Bank Building, Portland. 316 Spalding Building, Portland . . Imperial Hotel, Portland Portland 45 Fourth Street, Portland La Grande •. 1337 Northwestern Bank Building, Portland. La Grande 1337 Northwestern Bank Building, Portland. Care Northwesjtem Electric Co Portland. Portland Gas ACokeCo., Portland. Ceon Building, Portland Corbett Buildmg, Portland Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V s Oct. 8, 1917 Nov. 1,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do V V V Served. From — Nov. Mar. Nov. Oct. Nov. Aug. Nov. Oct. Nov. Apr. 1. 1917 9,1918 1. 1918 1,1918 1,1918 2,1918 1, 1918 7, 1918 1,1917 5,1918 Dec. 1,1917 do. do. do. To— Mar. 27,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. Mar. 9,1918 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Feb. 15,1919 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Oct. 31,1918 Oct. 15,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES. Baker: Palmer, Chas . L. , chair- man. Voruz,E. P Welsh, W.J Northey,C, A Benton: Lowe, J. C, chairman.. Clackamas: Dillman, S. O,, chair- man. Ely, 0. D Streib, Philip Lewthwait, John Bair, W. H Clatsop: Worsley, Ben S., chair- man. Columbia: MUes, Sherman, chair- man. Libel, J. Watts, J. G FuUerton, W. J Morton,S.C Schuneson, J. A Fowler, Harvey Basse, Thomas Stockwell.C.H Weed, Judson Official station. Volun- teer or salary Baker.. do Haines Huntington CorvaUis Oregon City do Milwaukie.. West Lirm. Canby Astoria. . St. Helens. Mist Scappoose.. Warren St. Helens.. Rainier Goble Quincy Clatskanie. Vemonia... V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 15,1917 -do- .do. .do- -do- .do. -do. .do. -do. -do. -do- -do. -do--- -do... .do... -do.-, -do.-- -do.-- -do--- .do--- -do-.. To- Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do- Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do., Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Coos; ( Liljeqvist, L. A., chair- man. • Huggins, Henry Gary, Leo. J Zeek,C.B Loney, E.J McLeod,N.C Getty.F.C Lundy,W.E Crook: Ward, T. M., chairman. . Curry: Juza, John A., chair- man. Douglas: Stewart, P. J., chair- man. Parrott,C.W Gilliam: Parker, D. R., chairman. Robertson, A. B Clark,C.C Grant: Patterson, Otis, chair- man- Holton, Claude Retrum, P. A Bingham, C.J Moorehead, Bruce W Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Marshfleld. do Coquille Bandon Powers North Bend.. Empire Myrtle Point. Prineville... Gold Beach. . Roseburg. . . do Condon... do.... Arlington. Canyon City.. Austin Prairie City. . JolmDay White Pme... V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 15,1917 -do. -do. -do. -do. .do. -do. -do. -do. .do. .do. -do. -do. -do. -do. Nov. 19,1917 do , do do do To— Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FXJEL ADMINISTKATORS. OREGON— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 305 Name. chair- Offlcial station. COUNTY FUEL COMMiTTEES— continued. Harney: McNeil, Sidney man. Levens.H. C Morrison, J. L. D Haines, Fred Morris , Joe Drinkwater, Clarence Hood River: Smith, Roy D., chair- man. Jackson: RuM, R. W. , chairman. . Johnson, Wm, H Simpson, Thos , H Jefferson: Burdlct, Nelson A., chairman. Thomburrti, T. W Kingslev, E. J FoiSvthe.W.L NeweU, L. A See,W.H Daly, John Josephine: winetrout, C. A., chair- man. Klamath: Stone, C: F., chairman.. Parker, J. A Darley, C. T Terwflliger, E. S Siesmore, L. C Chastain, George Lake: Burgess, James F., chair- man. FuUer, Joseph W Lane; Ijnmel, E. 0., chairman, Foster, O. H Morrison, E. E Johnston, C. H Sedgwick, C.H Bede, Elhert Bergman, J. W Lincoln: Irvin, S. G.j chaurmau. . Walker, J. W Gardner, C. H Parrish, J. W Linn: Gilbert, P. D., chairman. SchDutt, AHred C Curl,L.M Reeves, A. M Ewing, W. A Thompson, H. C Myers, S.S Taylor, D Wilhelm, George J Malheur: Currey, Geo. H., chair- man. Adam, L '-■ Oakes, Ivan Keimedy , John Boydell,L .' — Marion: Southwick, F. B., chair- man. Morrow: Van Vactor, Sam E., chairman. Blake, Willard Scott, W. G Walpole, W. A Hynd, Jack Volun- teer or salary. Crane Bums Crane Harney Narrows Drewsey. . . Hood River Medtord Jacksonville. Ashland MetoUus.. Opal City. Culver Metolius. . Madras Mecca Gateway.. Grants Pass... Klamath Falls. Bly Bonanza Merrill Fort Klamath.. Klamath Falls. Lakeview . .do. Eugene do Springfield Junction City. CresweU Cottage Grove. Florence Newport.. Waldport. Newport.. Toledo Albany do do....... Lebanon Sao Brownsville.. Shedd Halsey Harrisburg.., Vale Ontario... Jamieson., Brogan Salem. , Heppner. lone Lexington - Irrigon Cecil V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 15,1917 ....do .-..do ....do ...-do ....do Oct. 17,1917 do Oct. 15,1917 do Oct. 17,1917 -do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ..do.. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. chair- Multnomah: Humason, Ivan, man. Polk: Staats, Tracy, chairman. Dunsmore, H. C Hellsworth, Dr. F. M... Johnson, C. V Sherman: Stephens, D. E., chair- man. Baker, L. W Abell,R Wade, D. W Tillamook: Handley, T. B., chair- man. Umatilla: Vaughan, J. L., chair- man. Campbell, Thos Sanderson, D. C George, T. S Holt, Ralph A ' Barnes, S. M Cockburn, H. M Eldridge, Levi Morrison, G. M Watt, Homer Union: Hill, A. T., chairman. . . Grimmett, Nell E Wallowa: Bumaugh, S. L., chair- man. Leslie, Ross McDaniel C. T Jackson, J. H Wasco: Bonney, Clyde T., chair- man. Kurtz, Edward Ingels,F.B Beokenstein, Mrs . E Harper, J. T. Lake, A. E Tapp.B. V... ConMin,J. C, Hoech, 1 W Bolton, Mrs. Jennie G. . Allmgtou, F. A Butler,R.D Washington: Wall, John M^chairman, England, R.R Hughes, S. G.. Sholes, Frank. Hedges, C. E. Meade, H.V Galloway, W.C Wesoott.Chas.R Mays, Elmer Stowell,D. H Wheeler: Hoover, Thos. B., jr., chairman. Baxter.D. E King, Albert Yamhill: Lange, L. E. , chairman. Toney, W. L Dilley,S.A Harris, R. L Thurber, Marvin Le Masters, Claude Moore, W. G Kidder, W. E Larkin, George OfBcial station. Yeon Building, Portland. Dalla.s Independence. Falls City Airlie Moro Grass Valley. Kent Wasco Tillamook.. Pendleton.. Hermlston. Freewater.. Echo Stanfleld... Weston Milton Pilot Rock. Adams Athena La Grande. ....do Enterprise. Joseph... Wallowa. Lostine.. The Dalles. ....do Dufur Friend Tygh Valley. Wamic Wapinitia Mauptn Shanko Antelope Mosier Boyd HUlsboro ....do Forest Grove., Cornelius Beaverton Orenco Banks Gaston North Plains., Buxton , FossU. Spray.... Mitchell.. McMlnnville. do Sheridan Dayton Willamina... Amity Yamhill Carlton Newberg Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 17,1917 .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do... .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. To— Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 122602—20 20 PENNSYLVANIA. Immediately upon my appointment I organized the fuel administration for Pemisylvania, and appointed county chairmen in each of the 67 counties of the State. During the winter of 1917-18 the fuel situation became serious, and immediately upon organization I exerted every effort to reduce suffering through the lack of fuel among the domestic consumers by distributing about 1,000,000 tons of domestic anthracite. From April 1 , which is the beginning of the fuel year, until to date my anthracite committee has distributed 4,694,052 tons of domestic anthracite into 1,300 cities, towns and communities of this State, ranging in popula- tion from 1,700,000 persons in the city of Philadelphia to the smallest town in the State, comprising a population of 50 persons, whose necessities can be taken care of with two cars of coal. A variety of problems were necessarily presented, which were handled satisfactorily by a committee com- posed of Mr. .John Edmonds, of the firm of Madeira, Hill & Co., Mr. O. P. Waldron, of M. A. Hanna & Co., and Mr. Herbert Plimpton, manager of my office. Mr. Edmonds and Mr. Waldron have been invaluable aids to this administration and their services are highly appreciated, particularly in view of the fact that they have served without compensation at personal sacrifice to them and their companies. The problem of equitably distributing anthracite to domestic consunaers has been accentuated by the effect of the influenza epidemic with a resultant loss of production of more than a rnillion and a half tons of coal. For a period of many months the most careful supervision has been necessary, and it will continue to be necessary, to avert suffering in our State. The requu-ements for anthracite in Pennsylvania have been in- creased due to the tremendous addition to the war industries in eastern Pennsylvania. To provide adequate fuel supplies for the domestic consumers under the tonnage allotted by you to Pennsylvania, upon the recommenda- tion of the anthracite committee of the National Administration, I found it necessary to withhold shipments of anthracite into 30 coimties in the western part of this State. However, bituminous is available to these con- sumers, and can be used without causing undue hardship by householders. The conservation division was organized the latter part of last winter and effective work was done in con- serving the use of coal in industries. On the 1st of June an administrative engineer was appointed, and the policy of scientific conservation was adopted with the result that 781,320 tons of coal have been conserved up to Novem- ber 1. Valuing this coal at $4 a ton, we get a total of $3,125,280. The oil section of the conservation division, which is in charge of Mr. Louis N. Rancke, assigned to the task by Mr. Requa, general director of the oil division, investigated the consumption of 96,401,212 gallons of fuel oil, which is the annual requirement for a large number of mills. The total number of gallons conserved is 10,499,- 160; the value of this is $1,049,910.60. The total number of gallons of gasoline saved during the "Gasless Sundays" is variously estimated, but the most conservative figure that we have obtained is 1,320,000 gallons. The distribution of bituminous coal was in the hands of Mr. H. C. Voorhees, Mr. H. B. Cornog, and Mr. E. E. Walling. Their services were entirely voluntary and they have been invaluable aids to this administration. These gentleJnen diverted 3,000,000 tons of coal to meet the necessities of the war production plants. The administration has been zealous in the enforcement of regulations issued by you, and I assigned Mr. E. L. Cole, director of conservation, to enforce rulings. With the assistance of Mr. Sherman A. Cuneo, attached to this office from the Federal Trade Commission, investigations were made, hearings held, and many voluntary agreements reached, and the total amount of money refunded to consumers who were overcharged and contributed to the .Red Cross in lieu of prosecution, amounts to $83,000. I take pleasure in pointing out that these total contributions exceed the cost of this administration by $11,945.82. In other words, the Federal fuel administration for Pennsylvania has not cost the taxpayers one cent, but shows a balance on the credit side as mentioned above. Due to the signing of the armistice, with its lessened demand for fuel, I have curtailed the activities of this administration; I have abandoned the statistical division, proceeding with the policy of curtailment as warranted by the developments throughout the winter. 1 Report from Oct. 2. 1917, to Nov. 1, 1918. 306 FEDERAL FUEL ABMINISTRATOES. 307 Two subjects require very careful supervision, until Wo are at least through the larger part of the winter. One is the distribution of domestic anthracite sizes and the other equitable distribution of natural gas in Potter and Tioga Comities. I have briefly outliaed in the foregoing the activities of this administration. Very truly, yours, William Potter. Federal Fuel Administrator for Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pa., December IS, 1918. SUPPLEMENT TO THE FINAL REPORT OF THE FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATOR FOR PENNSYLVANIA. Supplementary to the report of the Federal fuel administrator for Pennsylvania dated December 13, 1918, the State fuel administrator wishes to pay special tribute to the volunteer work of Joseph W. Wear, general secretary; his counsel and efficient aid hare been most valuable. Whenever it has not been possible for the State fuel administrator to attend conferences in Washington and elsewhere, Mr. Wear has been his repre- sentative and has conducted this important work with vigor and ability. The traffic department, under the supervision of Mr. W. R. Kirkpatrick as traffic manager, who was con- nected with the Pennsylvania Raih'oad Co. for a number of years, figured very materially in the distribution of both anthracite and bituminous coal. The records of this department indicate that between December 1, 1917, and December 1, 191S, there were approximately 2,179 cars of 98,055 tons of coal confiscated on authority from this office, in addition to which instructions were issued to various railroad companies covering the diver- sion and reconsignment, with the consent of original consignee, of several thousand cars. Special attention was also given to the matter of having the railroad equipment released promptly, par- ticularly where an accumulation existed, and to the disposal of cars becoming crippled in accidents, the latter feature not only releasing the damaged car by having it unloaded in the immediate vicinity in which it stood, but also overcoming the necessity of using another car in which to reload the lading, as weU as conserving labor incident thereto. Very truly, yours, William Potter, Federal Fuel Administrator -for Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pa., December 28, 1918. Mr. William Potter, Federal Fuel Administrator ior Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. My Deab Mk. Potter: I hand you herewith my report giving a detailed statement of the activities of this oflSce, and the results accomplished, from its inception, June 1, 1918, to December 31, 1918. This report is divided into four headings: Organization, activities, results, and records,^ and I trust it will be found satisfactory to you and to the other officials of the Federal Fuel Administration. In terminating my duties on January 15, 1919, in accordance with the letter of Dr. Harry A. Garfield, dated December 11, 1918, I wish to express my appreciation of having had this opportunity of serving my country during the war, and also the pleasure of having been associated with you in this work. I would also like to bear testimony to the efficient and painstaking assistance given me by Mr. Charles D. Hickman, assistant administrative engineer, and to say that his judgment has proven sound, and his energy has been mvaluable throughout this period. With best wishes for yourself, and all those connected with the administration, I am, Yours, very truly, George R. Henderson, Administrative Engineer for Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pa., January 15, 1919. 1 The section on records is not included in this printed report. 308 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. ORGANIZATION. The office of administrative engineer was organized in accordance with the plan outlined by Mr. David Moffat Myers, advisory engineer, May 1, 1918; the assistant engineer commenced his duties July 1, 1918. The portion of the State of Pennsylvania accorded to this division, which included all the counties except Beaver, Allegheny, Westmoreland, Fayette, Greene, and Washington, was divided into three districts. The different local power and light committees were advised as to their duties in a circular letter to the several chairmen which was based on an article by Mr. Charles E. Stuart, chief of power and light section, entitled^ "War Conservation of Power and Light." After the armistice was signed, these instructions were modified in accordance with the letter of Mr. A. S. Cobb, chief of States conservation, dated November 21, 1918. AH members of the power and light committees were provided with identification cards issued from Wash- ington. Jhe national plan of organization for effecting fuel conservation in steaxa power plants comprised certain fundamentals, which constituted the principal duties of the administrative engineer. These were chiefly the inspection and rating of all power plants, and, in order to accomplish the inspection as promptly as possible, the services of the various boUer insurance companies were enlisted by Mr. D. M. Myers, through Mr. Charles S. Blake, president of the steam boiler and flyTvheel service and information bureau. The different bodies who agreed to have their men assist in this work comprised the Pennsylvania State factory inspection and the Phila- delphia city boiler inspection bureaus, as well as the following insurance companies: Ocean Accident & Guarantee Corporation, Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection & Insurance Co., Maryland Casualty Co., Royal Indemnity Co., Employees' Liability Insurance Corporation, Travelers' Insurance & Indemnity Co., Globe Indemnity Co., London Guarantee &, Indemnity Co., Fidelity & Casualty Co., and American Casualty Co. This gave 10 com-- panics and 2 State institutions to assist in this work, and a total number of inspectors available of something over 100 men. All of these were volunteers and served without any cost to the Government. In order to supplement this force, and to provide for special inspections where a certain locality was not reached by any of these inspectors, or where it was not considered advisable to await the regular boiler inspector's visit, a call was made for volunteer inspectors. While many of these volunteers were never called upon to per- form actual service, it was a great satisfaction to have them available for this purpose. There were also a number of consulting engineers who tendered their services, and quite a number of these rendered valuable assistance. It is here desired to express the appreciation which was felt for these patriotic offers and to state that these men have been thanked for their willingness and advised of the cessation of work. The total number of volunteers was approximately as shown below, including the conservation board, who served without recompense, and generally without expense to the Government : Conservation board 13 Power and light committees 170 Boiler insurance inspectors 102 Volunteer inspectors 193 Voluntary engineers 15 Total 493 ACTIVITIES. The principal duties of the administrative engineer were stated in the national plan of organization to com- prise certain fundamentals, as foUows: 1. Personal inspection of power plants. 2. Rating of power plants, based upon the thoroughness with which the owner conformed to the recom- mendations of the fuel administration. 3. Responsibility of rating the plants was placed upon the United States fuel administrative engineer, appointed in each State or district, the rating being based upon information collected by the inspectors, and returned by the plant owners upon a prepared form of questionnaire furnished from Washington. The printed questionnaires when received from Washington were sent out as rapidly as possible, and about 4,000 addressed envelopes were furnished to commence this work, it being understood that further lists were to be provided from such records as could be consulted by this office. It proved very difficult to obtain satisfactory lists for this purpose, and the absence of definite information regarding the location of isolated steam ^power plants caused much delay and restricted the sending out of the questionnaires. In addition to the envelopes received from Washington, lists were obtained from the Hotel Men's Associa- tion, Laundrymen's Association, and six of the boiler insurance companies; the electric power plants were taken from, the Pennsylvania industrial directory, and the electric railway plants from the McGraw electric railway list. There were also a number of plants selected by this office, as they were brought to our attention, and FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 309 from all of these various sources there were sent out questionnaires totaling 5,800. To December 31, 1918, there had been received 2,800 responses, or 50 per cent of the total, and about 600 of these had been rated as explained below. It was decided that only those plants which operated at 15 pounds pressure or over, or with an aggregate of 150 horsepower or over, should be reported on the questionnaires, the others being regarded as heating proposi- tions and not coming within the scope of the questionnaire. The original questionnaire, filled in by the manufacturer, was rated in accordance with a system developed at Washington, this being so arranged that, if aU of the recommendations of the United States Fuel Administra- tion were carried out, the value given would be 100. Each section was carefully considered and a figure was assigned in accordance with the "weight" given on the questionnaire. These were totaled for the rating, and the owners advised by a personal letter, calling attention to the sections which failed to receive the full value and making suggestions for the improvement necessary to comply with the recommendations. The work of rating took more time than could be spared by the administrative engineer and his assistant, and volunteer engineers were organized to assist; but this plan was generally unsatisfactory, as the question- naires had to be sent away from the office for this purpose and it was impossible by this method to get uniform ratings. It was endeavored to make the rating as uniform as possible by observing a "key," the values to be assigned to the different questions being fm'nished from Washington. In order to facditate the work of writing the letters to each individual owner, emphasizing special points as developed by his return, a system of standardized paragraphs was used, and by marking the paragraph number on the margin of the questionnaires, dictation in each case was eliminated and yet each owner received an individual typewritten, addressed, and signed letter applying to the particular responses which he had made in his questionnaire. After the signing of the armistice, there were received from Washington instr;actions to discontinue the use of questionnaires, inspections, or requests for detailed information; efforts should be limited, we were told, to a program that would affect this winter's coal supply, and be generally of an educational nature, abandoning the rating system formerly used. Thereupon, the standard paragraphs were changed and letters were written faking suggestions which it was thought would compel attention by their brevity, and which would be effective at once, instead of waiting for the promised publications from Washington. In addition to the handling of the questionnaires, other lines have developed, requiring considerable atten- tion. Inventors and patentees have endeavored to obtain the sanction or approval of the administration on their schemes or devices. Some of these were tested by the utility companies and found useless; even where the devices showed merit the promoters were told that this office could not be used to advertise their schemes, but if any one inquired he would be given an unbiased opinion. Attention was called to the great waste of power found in the anthracite region between Scranton and Wilkes-Barre, where hundreds of exhaust pipes are constantly emitting columns of exhaust steam which could readily be used to drive low-pressure turbo-generators, and at a time when the dearth of power was about as acute in the mining districts as in the manufacturing communities; and it is beHeved that, if the coal companies would erect central stations on a cooperative basis, two or three times as much power could be obtained as at present and for the same coal consumption. That central power plants can ordinarily produce power with less fuel than small isolated plants is so well known as to need no discussion here — the former often generating current at from 1^ to 3 pounds of coal per kilowatt hour, against from 4 to 8 pounds for the latter, although in winter the isolated plants may furnish power as a by-product of the heating of buildings. In order to locate such plants as might be closed to advantage (at least in summer) a letter was sent to the various power companies, but as many are reluctant to release contracts in winter, little was accomplished in this line. An ideal system for coal economy would be the opera- tion of isolated plants during the heating season, thus relieving the power companies during the periods of high peak loads, and the closing of such plants in warm weather. This arrangement would conserve fuel and labor, but contracts would have to be drawn accordingly. About the middle of August a request was received from Washington to investigate 34 orders for engines and generators that had been placed by different corporations, which it was thought could be commandeered to better advantage by the War Industries Board. Certain data were required and were obtained in each c^e and sent to Washington. Most of these plants were visited personally in order to decide the real necessity for the kistallation before a report was sent to Washington on this matter, these reports being completed during the latter part of October. The consolidation of heating and lighting plants in the same locahty received considerable attention, and a number of meetings were held with the owners for this purpose. There was not much progress made 310 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. in this liae, however, largely due to personal jealousies, or the unwillingness to expend money for something that might be terminated with the close of the war, and that would infringe to some extent the franchise rights of the utility companies. Addresses on the subject of fuel conservation were made at various places and before different engineering organizations by the administrative engineer and his assistant, and these and other duties called for visits to Washington, New York, Chicago, Harrisburg, Altoona, Claysburg, Indiana, Chester, West Chester, Cornwells, Tullytown, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Reading, Eddystone, Phoenixville, Pottstown, Media, and Perkasie. In the present fuel emergency, the immense culm banks of the anthracite regions appear as a reserve supply of enormous proportions if they can be made effective. "Culm," however, is a very general term and ordinarily represents material which has been dumped out on what was formerly considered the refuse banks. The old banks may contain fuel as large as pea coal and, of course, the various smaller sizes, and very fine material sometimes called silt. The more recent banks do not contain the larger sizes, and there is a great difference in the results that can be obtained. While the larger grades of culm can be handfired, the finer fuel is burned on traveling grates. For the handfiring, the grates should be of the pin-hole type with about 5 per cent air space, and a forced draft of from 1 to 2 inches of water in the ashpit, the fire being not over 6 to 8 inches thick. With the traveling grate, the latter travels about 16 feet per hour and the fuel is burned at a rate of about 25 pounds per square foot per hour, and an ashpit pressure of from 2 to 4 inches of v/ater is needed. As far as known, the satisfactory use of "silt" or "slush" as a fuel is yet to be accomplished, for while the cost per ton is low it is difficult, if not impossible, to obtain full boiler capacity with this material. If the fine sizes of anthracite can not always be burned satisfactorily alone, it is possible to use them when mixed with bituminous coal. Records show that fair results can be obtained with mixtures varying from 33 per cent culm and 67 per cent soft coal to 90 per cent hard and 10 per cent slack. This mixture is termed in some localities "burn-all.", , In some cases these mixtures have been resorted to as a matter of necessity during the stringency, more than as a matter of choice, and the owners are not desirous of continuing this practice, although it is possible to get along with this material if good firemen are available. Fine bituminous coal in powdered form, about the fineness of Portland cement, can be burned in kiln^ in steel furnaces and under boilers, in a manner similar to fuel oil, being forced into the fire box by a jet of air, but so far anthracite powder does not seem to have met with the same success due to the lack of volatile matter, as lignite gives the best results. A large furnace volume is one of the prime requisites, about 40 cubic feet heing needed per pound of combustible per hour, and the arrangement of the baffles is very important. The evaporative efficiency with powdered coal is said to be about 10 per cent better than with mechanical stokers, or 20 per cent greater than hand-fired furnaces. RESULTS. The total number of questionnaires sent out amounted to 6,000 in round numbers, from the commencement of the work until November 30, 1918, when this was abandoned, on instructions from Washington, as explained above. Some were returned on accoimt of improper address; many were never forwarded to this office, or at least did not reach it; many also disclosed the absence of power plants, or plants shut down or abandoned; and many were for heating only and less than 150 horsepower and operating at pressure less than 15 poimds, the limits set by Washington, below which this office had no jurisdiction. The following table gives the detailed results : Questionnaires were sent out as shown below : In addressed envelopes furnished by Washington 3, 615 In envelopes addressed in this office 2, 246 Total issued 5, 861 Returned a/c wrong address, etc 132 Total received by plant owners 5, 729 Number rated prior to Dec. 1, 1918 587 Number criticized since Dec. 1, 1918 1, 42.5 Heating plants only (small size) and others not considered ■ 757 Questionnaires not returned to date 2, 960 Total , . , , 5, 729 FEDEEAL FUEL ADMINISTBATOBS. 311 The 587 steam power plants which received rating letters are grouped as follows : Received a rating between 90 and 100, 7 per cent. Received a rating between 80 and 90, 16 per cent. Received a rating between 70 and 80, 37 per cent. Received a rating between 60 and 70, 25 per cent. Received a rating between 50 and 60, 12 per cent. Received a rating between 40 and 50, 2 per cent. Received a rating between 30 and 40, 1 per cent. The average rating of all the plants was 72 per cent. Nineteen plants received a rating of 95 or over. With better facilities, more questionnaires could undoubtedly have been issued, and the individual letters in response could have been sent out more promptly. In the Sixteenth Street office, the space was too restricted to handle the work properly, even if the assistance had been available. As stated before, each plant owner returning a questionnaire was sent a personally written and signed letter calling attention to the operation that would conserve coal. Most of these letters were received in a spirit of patriotic cooperation, as was evidenced by the replies sent to this office, and this has been of the greatest satis- faction and encouragement; and it is believed that the results will be lasting and of great benefit to owners and the community at large. Each week reports were sent to Washington showing the expected annual savings due to economies prac- ticed and improvements installed. In many cases the owners were working on these problems even before he conservation division was started on its work, but there is no doubt that nearly all of these cases resulted from the general agitation on the necessity for fuel saving. The expected annual savings in tons of coal, where reported, are as follows: Skip-stops on electric railways 140, 000 Revision of runs on electric railways 6, 350 Closing uneconomical plants : 55, 450 ^ Improvements in plants and practices 437, 600 General conservation 155, 070 Closing ice plants 2, 700 Total 797, 170 As an example of what has been accomplished by closing half of the ice plants in Philadelphia and vicinity, the work of the Ice Publicity Association should be mentioned. The circular letter of Mr. A. C. Bishop, engi- neer of the power and light section of the conservation bureau in Washington, dated October 10, 1918, was taken as a basis for consideration, and the owners, not only those who were members of the association but also others, acquiesced in the proposed methods, and voluntarily agreed to the program. The closed plants are to keep their sales organization and purchase ice from the nearest operating plant at a price satisfactory to all interested parties. A saving of 2,500 tons of coal during the winter of 1918-19 is expected to result from this arrangement, and the manufacturers are to be complimented upon their willingness to assist in this way. The various power and light committees have not yet reported, as their work is to continue through the winter of 1918-19. Yours, very truly, George R. Henderson, Administrative Engineer for Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pa., December 13, 1918. 312 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. PENNSYLVANIA. Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To— Potter, Wm , STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Wear Jos. W. Cole, E. L Plimpton, H.. State fuel administrator. Frazier, Jolinson M.. Henderson, G. R — Hickman, C. D Dornbaok, Wm. E . Gilbert, John Kirkpatrick, W. E. Adams, Margaret J. Antone, H. G Assistant administrator Director conservation division. . Secretary State consen^ation and director county chairmen. Director hotel conservation Administrative engineer (con- servation). Assistant administrative engi- neer. District chief of Philadelphia oonsen'ation. Head statistical division Traffic manager . Stenographer Office manager.. Biehl, Elizabeth. . File clerk.. Bloom, Estelle Brinton, Florence Dolan, Isabelle Marie. , Fortney, Edna Geseler, Selma A. Gootee, Ola J Hanson, Ethel A. Hayward, Mary C Hickman, Margaret L. Kelly, Mary Krips, Florence M. Krips, Ruth Krips, Wm. K Lowe, Mabel S McFarland, SaraR. Miller, Veda Mueller, Ida B . Myers, Mary W O'Boyle, EvaM Pyle, Katharine M Eizer, Edvpin F., jr Ross, Margaret Eoyce, Helena Seelaus, Vilma Tobias, Florence Mae . ANTHRACITE DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE. Edmonds, John Waldron, 0. P Plimpton, Herbert. BITUMINOUS DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE. Voorhees, H. C. Cornog, H. B... WaUing, E. E.. Stenographer File clerk Telephone operator. , Stenographer., .-..do ....do ....do .do., .do.. File clerk.. Clerk do Accounting officer. . Stenographer .do.. .do. .do. do do Invoice clerk Coal inspector and investigator. Stenographer File clerk Stenographer Clerk Chairman. Assistant, anthracite distribu- tion committee. PRODUCTION nl VI SI ON, TRAVELING COAL INSPEC- TORS. Beach, Frederick J Carter, George.. Conway, John.. Halberstadt, Baird. Kessler, Edward . . . Price, Wm. B Purdy, T. J Eyan, John T Smith, Horace C. (de- Williams, Tudor E. Chairman. Traveling coal inspector. .do., .do.. .do., .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do.. Philadelphia. Philadelphia . do ....do .do.. 250 South Broad Street, Phila- delphia. Philadelphia .do.. .do.. .do., .do., .do.. .do., .do., .do.. .do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do.. .do., .do.. .do.. .do.. .do.. .do.. .do.. .do.. ,.do.. ,.do.. Philadelphia. ....do ....do Philadelphia. ....do do Wilkes-Barre, Pa.. do Pottsville . do Mount Carmel. , Scranton Sunbury WiUiCS-Barre, Pa.. Scranton Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. . . . 1933 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia. . St. Davids Bellevue-Strat ford, Philadelphia . . Aldine Hotel, Philadelphia 2416 Bryn Mawr Avenue, Phila- delphia. 3,514 Clifton Avenue, Baltimore, Md. North American Building, Phila- delphia. 6203 Jeflerson Street, Philadelphia, 6412 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 1317 South Fifty-second Street, Philadelphia. 4905 Hutchinson Street, Philadel- phia. Philadelphia. 5221 Gainor Road, Wynnewood . . . 5717 Warrington Avenue, Phila- delphia. 6427 Beechwood Street, Piiiladel- phia. 430 North Thirty-fourth Street, Philadelphia. 264 South Thirty-eighth Street, Philadelphia. 921 South St. Bernard Street, Philadelphia. 5134 Hazel Avenue, Philadelphia. 617 South Forty-eighth Street, Philadelphia. 5420 North Fifth Street, Philadel- phia. 2315 Green Street, Philadelphia. . . do do 2236 North Nineteenth Street, Philadelphia. 1730 South Fifty-eighth Street, Philadelphia Columbus. Ohio 702 North Eighteenth Street, Philadelphia. 1218, South Fifty-third Street, Philadelphia. 4035 North Twelfth Street, Phila- delphia. 114 Rochelle Avenue, WissaMckon, Philadelphia. 1201 South Edgewood Street, Philadelphia. Moreland Avenue, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. 340 South Eighteenth Street, Philadelphia. 3015 North Broad Street, Phila- delphia. Philadelphia Care Madeira Hill & Co., Phila- delphia. Care H. A. Hanna Co., Philadel- phia. St. Davids Care North American Building, Philadelphia. Pennsylvania Building, Philadel- phia. North American Building, Phila- delphia. 489 South Franklin Street Wilkes- Barre. 539 North Laurel Street, Hazleton. 724 West Noi-wegian Street, Potts- ville. 307 West Market Street, Pottsville 15 North Chestnut Street, Mount Carmel. 427 Fifteenth Street, Scranton Sunbury 136 Church Street, Plymouth 1403 West Gibson Street, Scranton. 1322 Gibson Street, Scranton. V S S \' s s V V s s V V s V V V Oct. 2,1917 Oct. 11,1917 Jan. 1,1918 Mar. 1,1918 Oct. 22,1918 June 1, 1918 July 1, f918 do , Sept. 1,1918 Feb. 11,1918 July 22,1918 Nov. 27,1917 Jan. 14,1918 Feb. 12,1918 Oct. 1,1918 May 20,1918 July 1,1918 Aug. 5,1918 Nov. 2,1917 Aug. 1,1918 Feb. 18,1918 Mar. 11,1918 Oct. 14,1918 Feb. 1,1918 Aug. 19,1918 Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 17,1917 Aug. 27,1918 July 1,1918 Oct. 9, 1918 Sept. 9,1918 Dec. 10,1917 Oct. 8,1918 June 6,1918 Sept. 16,1918 Sept. 10,1918 Oct. 1,1918 Feb. 4,1918 Mar. 16,1918 May 17,1918 Mar. 1,1918 Mar. 16,1918 ....do do Feb. 18,1918 Feb. 21,1918 Feb. 7, 1918 Apr. Oct. 1,1918 1, 1918 Feb. 16,1918 Oct. 1,1918 Feb. 21,1918 July 15,1918 Apr. 30,1918 Mar. 31,1919 Mar. 31,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Dec. 1,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Feb. 11,1919 Mar. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 7, 1918 Dec. 15,1918 Dec. 10,1918 July 30,1918 Aug. 30,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Aug. 30,1918 Feb. 2,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Oct. 26,1918 May 15,1918 Oct. 31,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Jan. 27, 1919 Feb. 15,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Aug. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Dec. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Dec. 7,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Sept. 7,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do, Jan. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec, 20,1918 Feb. 28,1919 FEDKBAL FUEL ADMINISTKATORS. PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES. 313 Name. Official station. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES. Coatesville: Branson, H. J., chair- Coatesville. man. Shook, A.F do. Woodward, H. S do.. Baker, P. Koberts do., Corry: Derosay, D. Warren, i Corry.. chairman. Alexander, C. L. (re-' do. signed). Doane, O. E Love.E. E 01ds,L.W Danville: Price, T. J., chairman... Meadville: Cullum, E . P. , chairman. Kindregan, J. E Lyon, Bond L MerreU.S Pottstown: Turner, Newton E., chairman. Baer, George H Burdan, Harry H Eck, Dr. Wm. H Hartshome, Jos. (de- ceased). Bhoads, Walton S Soot, C. Clearer Scheffey, W. Y Berger, Harry Emerson, stenographer. Sutclifle, Murial ilae . . . . COUKTT FUEL COMMITTEES. Adams: McSheny, Wm., chair- man. Armstrong: McNees,G.W.,chairman Bowser, J. A Himes, Leslie E. (re- signed). Bedford: little, Alvin L., chair- man. Easton,E. K Holler, H.W May, B.C Stoler, J. H Williams, Theo Berks: Bright, G. Howard, chaiirnan. Acker, H. A Bertolet, Wellington M., solicitor. Brooke, E. E Loose, K. S Price,C.H Ehode, Cyrus J Sallade, J. J Strunk, M. R Inspectors — Gilbert, E.M Heilman, D. B Blair: Leopold, B^ chairman. Baldridge, W. Lovell... Clark, Dean (resigned) . Clark, E.T Johnson, C. O Johnson, H. L Kloss, D. Shelly Lorenz, F. K Lorenz, E. D MJTiicte-, J, L Moloney, W. A Wentzel, D. E Inspectors- Barley, C.J Bates, Kenneth A.. Cowgill.C. P Grindafl,W. H.... Heinsling, C. F Liebegott, G. H — Powell, W. G SchoU, JohnC W3de,W. H Walters, Wm. H... Williamson, C. H.. Bradford: Humphrey, W. F., chairman. Cash, David Fulford, W.E -do., -do. -do. Danville. MeadviUe. ....do ....do ....do Pottstown., .do., .do., -do., -do. Served. From— -do. .do. .do. .do. Gettysburg V Dec. 20,1917 Kittanning.. Rural Valley... New Bethle. hem. Bedford Everett Manns Choice. Hyndman Saxton Hopewell Reading V -do., .do. Birdsboro Hamburg Reading Kutztown Womelsdorf... Boyertown Altoona Hollidaysburg . Altoona Williamsburg. Claysburg Altoona Tyrone Roaring Spring. do V Altoona V do : V Bellwood I V To— Feb. [2S, 1918 Feb. 28, 1919 Dec. 20,1917 ....do Name, do do do Feb. 9, 1918 June 1, 1918 Towanda. Athens. Sayre. . . Mar. 2, 1918 ....do ....do Feb. 28,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Dee. 20,1917 Do. Do. Do. COUNTY^FUEL COMMITTEES- continued Bradford— Continued. Jaquish, O. W Marble, L. M Stalford, M. R Inspectors — Less.W. 11 Mantz, B. W Stone, Wm Bucks: Roberts, J. S., jr., chair- man. flarnsley, J. Herman Bond, Louis R Ely, Wm. P Gussman, Oswin McDonald, Bernard Meredith, Charles M Pickering, Harry Y Poor, John B Schlichter, Wm. S Townsend, Arthur P . . . Twining, Wilmer A Butler: Dufly, Peter, chairman Cohn,S.N Hildebrand, Frank Hull, Mrs . Georgia Eitts, Elias Roth, Miss Snow, N. S Inspector — Campbell, C. L Cambria: ^ Greer,(ftas.C..chairman. Bailey, Fred J Custer, Edward. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Troy Canton Wyalusing. Bristol . Newtown Morrisville... Doylestown.. Quakertown. New Hope... Perkasie Yardley Riegelsville. . Sellersville... Langhorne... Wycombe Butler. do. do. do. do. do. do. Denlinger, Wm. H . DilLWm. F Dunwiddie James Endlsey^ Wilbur K Evans, Thomas Fletcher, C. George Griffith George W Gunn, JohnA Heuther, Harry Hibbs, W. Lloyd Kiefer, Elmer E , Leamer, J. G Mainhart, H. B , Miller, Joseph M Robinson, George T . . : . , Schnabel, Dan R Shettig, PhUip N Walker John D Yost, Russell R. (re- signed). Inspector— Trexler, E. W , Cameron: Balr, W. G. , chairman. . , Fulton, T.E Carbon: Warner, Edwin F., chair man. Boyer, Merritt Boyle, Hugh J Druckenmiller, Stanley Faust, R.V Heller, J. W Hongen, R.J. Weiler, Clarence S . Weiss, Wm Johnstown South Fork (borough). East C n e - maugh and F rank lin (borough). Patton (bo- rough). Spangler and Bamesboro. Nanty Glo Johnstown Portage Lilly(borough) Johnstown Fatten Hastings Cresson Johnstown Dunlo Johnstown Scalp Level Johnstown do Ebensberg Johnstown South Fork Bore. Emponum. . Sinnamahonlag Weatherly . . Zeldt, JohnW. Reichard, Geo. W... Inspectors — Barnes, W. J Constable. F. V . Frick,C. H Haupt, L. H.... Knecht, S. G. .. Norvig, John r stgren. G. L... Peters, F. C Porter, R. H.... Smith, M. H Palmerton Beaver Meadows. Lansford Weatherly F ranklln, Weissport. rarryville and Bowmans- town. Mauch Chimk. Lehighton, Ma- honing, and Packerton. East Mauch Chunk. Lehighton.. . . V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V From- Dec. 20,1917 ....do ....do June 1, 1918 do do Dec. 20,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do , do , do , do , do , do , do do June 1, 1918 Deo. 20,1917 do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do- .do- ,.do- .do. .do. ,.do. ,.do. ,.do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. June 1, 1918 Dec. 20,1917 ....do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ,.do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. June 1, 1918 do do do do do do do do do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 314 EEPOBT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name, COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES - continned. Center; Keller, Harrys chairman. Flemiilg, M. Ward Inspectors- Wood, Prot. A. J . . . Fesseuden, E. A Chester: Kane, Bayard, chair- man (resigned). Plummer, E. Jeffries, chairman. Bobb, J. Elmer Grim,H. F Hause, Harry Hampton, John R . Lambom, J. P Miller, E. Watkin.. Rambo, Nathan R . Sharples.s, Wm Smoyer, M. J, C... Turner, J. Hayes. Sturges, "Wm. (resigned). Lear, Abigail S Inspectors — Burke, R. F Fish,E. R Townsend, J. A Weiler, Rudolph B . Clarion: Keck, R. B., chairman.. Geist,D. M Lewis, D. W RLsher, Williams Stewart, C. B Clearfield: Snyder, John M., chair- man. Hahn,F. W MoCully, Frank H Short, John F Thompson, J. K Wolle, A. Z Inspectors— Hahn, F. W Ejssick, J., jr Linaker, 1. M Simonds, G. L Torrance, F. C Clinton; Dwyer, Dr. F. P., chair- man. Bennett, Henry J ItfcGuire, Hazel Noecker, Frank M Salmon, A. B Simpson, Robert D Gross, F.C Inspector — Cooke, G. W Columbia; Catterall, J. H., chair- man. Diemer, John R Flynn, Edward J Kisner, H. W Kurtz, J.U Mather, John J SJiarples.s, A. W Crawford; Westgate, T. B., chair- man. Baker, Hermann F Dillon, John T., jr McLane, L. C Official station. Belleloute l-'hilipsburg. . Westchester... do do Lincoln Uni- versity. Marsh Parkesburg- . . Berwyn Westchester., .do. Volun- teer or salary. Toughkena- mon. Phoenixville.. Lincoln ITni- versity. rhoenixville . . West Chester. . Clarion New Bethle- hem. Knox East Brady Rimersburg Holhdaysburg . Coalport '"sceola Mills.. Clearfield Dubois Curwensville.. Moody, George B . Muir, Wm . Tacky, Von Frank., sr. . Williams, A. M Inspectors — Baker, Frank A Meyer, H. A Watson, R, B Cumberland; Bedford, A. F., chair- man, Biddle, E. W Hauck, Samuel F Hays, Edwin R Mentzer, Dr. H. H Myers, Robert L Robinson, James D Inspector— • Domblaser, F. D . . Eenovo . do do do Lock Haven. Renovo do Berwick . Catawissa Centralia Millville Berwick Benton Bloomsburg. . Titusville do.... ....do.... Linesville . Titusville . ....do.... ....do .-..do.... Carlisle. do Mechanicsburg. Newville Carlisle Camp Hill Shippensburg.. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. Dec. 20,1917 do June 1,1918 do Nov. 1, 1917 July 1, 191S Dec. 20,1917 do ..do. .do. ..do. ..do. ..do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. June 1,1918 ....do ....do ....do Dec. 20,1917 ....do .do. .do. .do. Feb. 28,1918 .do. .do. .do- .do. .do. June 1, ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. 1918 Dec. 20,1917 .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. June 1, 1918 Dec. 20,1917 ..do. do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. Mar. 26,1918 ..do. ..do. do. .do. .do. .do. .do. June 1, 1918 ....do ....do Dec. 20,1917 ..do. ..do. -.do. ..do- ..do. ..do. June 1, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. July 1, 191S Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. Official station. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Dauphin; Hickok, Ross A., chair- man. Cumbler, Martin A . . . . Johnston, Paul Maguire, Walter P rgelsby, Warwick M.... Pick, Samuel S Wetzel, Bertha (stenog- rapher). Inspectors— Domblaser, F. D.... Frahke, A. W Delaware: Supplee, R. J., chairman (resigned). Geary^ A. D., chairman (resigned). Galey, Wm. T., chair- man. Anderson, Arthur D Bolsinger, R. C Harrisburg. Volun- teer or salary. Brown, Arthur Buse, H. W Cassidy, Andrew... Chambers, Gordon . Crozer, John P . . . . Dunlap, John, jr . . - Emmons, L. C Ernst, C. A Jackson, W. C Kirkpatrick, J. A.. Elk: Norris, J. S Sawade, C. A Smiley, H.J Stewart, James T Watson, Prof. F. D Wilson, H. M GofE.Wm.H Hinkson, Andrew H Howard, Fred A Lenhatt, Mahlon P McDonough, John E. (resigned). Montgomery, Samuel A. Sharpless, Isaac Stranding, John, jr Ulrich, David M Vorlendon, W . Lane Woodward, Frank J Inspectors— Althofl, A Forsythe.H. C Shiland, F. H Erie: Wallis, E. M., chairman. Burden, J. E Eagen, iF. J Goush. A. S Linguist, Martin McClure, W. A Shanley, M. P Burlingame, E Crowell, E. J Stem, Wm. J., chairman. Clarke, Chas. S. (de- Crawford, W. A Gingrich, Walter W Hunter, C. E. B Hunter, George W., deputy chairman. Irwin, E.W McDonald, F. M White,N.S Strick, Charles S Westcott, W. S Griswold, R. J Inspectors- Armstrong, E. J — Bache, George W . . Emanuel, M. C Gannon, J. E Hazen, E. D Hooper, Chas. S MoFadden, G. J.... MeadCj James Stevens, R.C Forest; Randall, Chas. A., chairman. Anderson, A. P Amer, Lewis Highspire . . . Harrisburg.. do ....do Millersburg.. .. Harrisburg. . Chester. ....do.. .do. do Manoa, Upper Darby P. O. Media Ridley Park... Eddystone. . .. Norwood Upland Wayne Swarthmore Marcus Hook... Lansdowne B randywine Summit. Lansdowne Llanerch Crum Lynne... Lansdowne . — Haverford Lansdowne Marcus Hook- -. Chester ....do ....do ....do ...do Haverford . Chester ....do Darby Chester Johnsonburg. St. Marys Ridgway St. Marys Wilcox Johnsonburg. Ridgway Johnsonbirig. Erie.. -do.... .do.... .do.. -do- Union City.. Erie ....do North East.... Lawrenceville Park Erie Union City Albion Tionesta Brookston... KellettvlUe.. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Dec. 20,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do .-..do July 1,1918 June 1, 1918 do To— Dec. 18,1917 Dec. 20,1917 ....do .do. .do. ..do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do .do .do .do .do -do -do .do .do .do -do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. June 1, 1918 ....do ....do Dec. 20,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Mar. 1, 1918 ....do , ....do -do. -do. .do. .do. .do-... .do.... .do.... ....do do do June 1,1918 do do do do do do do do Feb. 28,1918 .do.. .do.. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. i-T.' Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 315 Name. , chairman. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Forest —Continued . Brewer, Dr. J.J Campbell, Edward Do Woody, E.L Fox, Ira M Henry, S. M King, George L Shipe, H. A Franklin: Gordon, R. C, chairman. Brereton, Thos. J Drunim, J. M Newman, S. F Patton, Wm. J Shearer, D. Wood, G.H Inspectors — Benedict, G. J Leemaster, M. D Petrle, F. M Williams, Irving Wood,C. O Fulton: Nace, M. W., chairman. . Huntingdon: Greene, E. M Allison, J. G Huston, H. E Isenberg, B. F Mattem, J. H Parker, Lloyd Phillips, Jno Welch, A. S Young, J.E Eoherts, Alma (stenog- rapher). Inspector— Bergan, P. H Indiana: Eichards, J. R., chair- man. Brown, H. V Dwyer, Edw Fitzpa trick, Jno Flickener, Harry Methven, Jas. (resigned). Patterson, H. C. W Rice, Frank Wilson, H. H Pealor, Thos Inspector — Schwarz, Chas Jefferson: Brosius, L. G., chairman. Byerly, W. C Davis^ J. R Dennison, D. T Love, Perry B Nelson, Geo Rosenthal, Samuel (re- signed). Juniata: Sieber, J. T., chairman. . Brauthoffer, B . H Beaver, S. G Lackawanna: Williams, Tudor E., chairman. Close, A. W Crane, D. L Cummings, M. W Forster, W. F Jones, F. B Morse, E. D Nicholson, W. C Peck, Geo. L Tubbs, J. F Shean, W. F Edwards. Anna A. (ste- nograpner) (resigned). Stiles, Emma E. (ste- nographer). Hayes, J. G Inspectors — Diesing, F. C Grant, E. H Holgate, E. E Klem, N. J McDermott, T. J,... Maguire. J. A Eiegel, S. S Eoberts, A. L Wilcox, H.C..: Lancaster: Evans, J. J., chairman. . Baker, C. G., secretary.. Ollicial station. Clarington Maybiu-g , Nebraska , Endeavor Tionesta West Hickory. Marienville Waynesboro Chambersburg . Mercersbiu-g. Waynesboro. Greencastle Dry Eun Chambersburg McConnells- burg. Mount Union . . Mill Creek Saltillo Huntingdon Warriors Mark. Mapleton Depot. Alexandria Mount Union. . Petersburg Mount Union. . Indiana Cherry Tree... Clymer Glen Campbell Homer City Saltsburg-- Dixonville. Blairsville.. Indiana BrookviUe Summerville... Punxsutawney. Falls Creek Reynoldsville.- Brockwayville . Punxsutawney Mifflin town. Thompsontown Port Royal.. Scran ton. do Carbondale Olyphant Scran ton do Clarks Siunmit. Jermyn Scran ton Taylor Scran ton ....do .do- -do.. Volim- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V Lancaster i V ....do ; V Served. From— Feb. 28,1918 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Dec. 20,1917 ....do ....do ....do do do do June 1, 1918 do do do do Dec. 20,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do June 15,1918 Jtme 1, 1918 Mar. 2, 1918 -do. -do. .do. -do. -do. .do- .do. .do. .do. June 1, 1918 Dec. 20,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Apr. 1, 1918 Nov. 16,1918 Dec. 20,1918 June 1, 1918 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Dec. 20,1917 ,.,,do ... To— Feb. 28, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES- continued. Lancaster —Continued: Budding, J. C Hager, W.H Locher, Grove North, H.M.,jr Slaymaker, S. R Inspectors — Fickes, Alfred C... Fletcher, Fred Fraim, Saml. R Jones, Alfred Manice,D. F Townsend , Jas. A . . Lawrence: Knox, J. W., chairman. Aiken, W. L Braley.W.H Getty,H.T Hoyt,Alex C White, Robert M Inspector — Lawrence, J. K Lebanon: Seltzer, C. M., chairman. Jones, J. F Patschke, Benj. F Sowers, ''. H W6mer,D. T. (deceased) Inspectors — Finney, Jas. A Price,'!. B Lehigh: Gomery, A. D., chair- man. Aubrey, Harry Aymar, G.H Blank, Dr. G. G CrIIly,HughB Fritch , Luther W Griffith I. W Koch, Harry I Lewis, Hon. F. E Sieger,H.V Stoneback.R. S Inspectors — Allen, John McNally.J. H Shinn, J. E . . . Wood, W. D Luzerne: Campbell, A. C, chair- man. Donnelly, M.N Fell,D. A Priedlander, Max Ireland, Robert Kane, CM., secretary .. Knoll, Geo. T Moore , John J Thomas, W. G .(investi- gation). Tr6mbath,W. J Inspectors — lIessler,B. L McMahon,F. J Miles, John M Mitten, L. F Roberts, A. L Stout, Chas. I Wells, T. L Lycoming: Mosser,H. S., chairman. Reeder, M. E H&rtrauft, P. F Morrow, James Lyon, Howard Inspectors- Lynch, John Orth, Harry S Peters, 6. Meade Shepherd, Wm. G... McKean: Paton, Geo. , chairman . . Mercer: Orchard, Harry, chair- man. Dunlap, H. L., secre- tary. Frankle, Herman Kennedy, J. S Kitoh, Willis McGeary,F. J Moody, Burgess Morgan, Theo Smith, E. E Ollicial station. Lancaster. ....do.... ....do.... Columbia . Lancaster. New Castle do EUwood City. New WilmiQg- ton. New Castle — do Lebanon . Palmyra. Lebanon . do... ....do... Allen town . . Catasauqua. Allentown.. do. do. Macungie.. Slatington. AUentown . ....do Coplay Emaus AUentown . Wilkes-Barre... Piltston Wilkes-Barre. . HazZeton Wilkes-Barre.. Pittston Nanticoke Plymouth Hudson Kingston . Williamsport.. Muncy Montgomery.. Jersey Shore. . . HughesvlUe Bradford. Sharon . . . West Middle- sex. Mercer Grove City Sharpsville Greenville Farrell Sharon Stoneboro Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Dec. 20,1917 do .:..do .:..do do June 1,1918 ....do ....do do ....do ....do Dec. 20,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do June 1, 1918 Dec. 20,1917 ...-do ....do ....do ....do June 1,1918 ....do Dec. 20,1917 ..do. ..do. ..do. -.do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. June 1,1918 ....do ....do ...-do Dec. 20,1917 ...do. ...do. ...do. do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ....do June 1,1918 ....do ....do ...-do ....do ....do ....do Dec. 20,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do June 1, 1918 ....do ....do ....do Dec. 20,1917 ....do ....do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 316 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Mercer— Continued. Inspectors — Elers.K.F Henry, Frairk E . , . Psilander, 0. A Thompson , R. W . . Warner, Carl Warren, G. S Webster,H. D Mifflin: Woods, S. S., chairman. Thomas, David Thompson, A. Eeed Wickersham,J. R Wren,Wm. H Monroe: Tinn, Chas. R., chair- man. Carter, C. H Eastwick, Robt., clerk. Pahner, L. B . Scam, J Small (resigned) . Sorshimer, E. H Taylor, E.H Michaels, LeilaM. (sten- ographer). Montgomery: Tyson, H. B., chairman, Anderson, Robt. H Biddle, Lynford Buofcwalter, Dr. J. A. (resigned). Bush,L.M Collins, A.M., (resigned). Dutton,L. R Frederick, H. S Finn, W. W., secretary .. Harper, Wm. Warner. . . High.S. H Kriebel, Dr. O. S Packard, Geo. R Quigg, Frank Roberts, John R Roberts, Saml Strykor.J. B. B Tracy, JohnC Tyson, Robt.H Wentz, John A Lewistown.. Bumham . . . Milroy Reedsville.. Lewistown. Stroudsburg. . . Mount Pocono Stroudsburg, Record Build- ing Delaware Water Gap Tannersville. . East StroudS' burg Saylorsburg... Stroudsburg... do Norristown Fort Washing- ton Chestnut Hill. Royersford Williams , Parker S France, D. C. (resigned). Inspectors — Benzon, Geo. H.,jr.. Church, W.R Luster, E.J Schreiber, H. V Snyder, Chas. W.... do Lower Merion Jenkiutown . . Souderton Norristown... Chestnut Hill JenJtintown . . Pennsburg . . . Lower Merion.. Port ICennedy, Jenkintown . , . Norristown Lansdale Conshohocken.. Norristown — Fort Washing- ton. Lower Merion. Noble V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- To— June 1, 1918 ....do ....do do do do do Deo. 20,1917 do do do do do do July 16,1918 Dec. 20,1917 do do do , do July 15,1918 Deo. 20,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do June 1,1918 do do do do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Montour: Peters, Ed. W., county fuel administrator. Northampton: Rice, John, chairman. . . Beck.W.E Chipman,W. E Cummings, W. L Degnan, J. M Dewalt,H.H Farrell.W. E Hartzog, H. J Hutchinson, R. P Masters, James Masters, Thos MoOall, Owen Miller, H. A Mitchell, H. H., treas- urer. Over, Wm.H R'ohn,B. F Smith, Jos. P Stackhouse, J. L. (re- signed). Stothofl, W.S Weidman. James Weldon, Edw Wilbur, R.E Yotter, H. P., secretary Inspectors — Homell, D.C McNally, J. H Miller, J. A Prentice, Prof. D.B Rood, J. T Wilbur, R. S Northumberland: Clement, C.W Bartholomew, J. W Purdy, T. J^ chairman- . Balliet, A. E Brosius, J. F Fisler, F. B Hackett, J. Hurst John, A. F Reiser, H. T Saul, Edwin (resigned) Shay, Wm. F. Tiemey, Michael P Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Danville . Easton Nazareth Easton Bethlehem.. ....do do Easton Bethlehem.. do East Bangor... Bangor Freemansburg Northampton . Easton Pen Argyl- Bath Easton Easton ....do Portland Bethlehem, do. Easton. Easton do.... Savidge, J. K. (secretary). Dunkalberger, W. H Inspector- Olson, O Perry: Meek, D. H., chairman. . . Bassett, T. W Lahr, D. A Leiby,E.S Shull, S. L. (deceased) . . . Stakes, D. P Sunbury do do Milton Dalmatia Shamokin Sunbury Mount Carmel . Sunbury Milton Watsontown . . Northumber- land. Sunbury do NewBloomfleld. Newport Millerstown Marysville Duncamion Blain V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V S V V V V V V V Served. From— To— Feb. 28,1918 Dec. 20,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do... ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do do do do do do ...do June 1,1918 do do do do do Dec. 20,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do July 15,1918 Deo. 20,1917 June 1,1918 Deo. 20,1917 do do do do do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 31,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. PHILADELPHIA COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEE PERSONNEL. Name. Title. Oificial station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From — To— Philadelphia.. . Real Estate Title & Insurance Co., Fifth and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Oct. 15,1917 Deo. 20,1917 Sept. 16,1918 Oct. 20,1917 Dec. 20,1917 do Oct. 15,1917 June 15,1918 Deo. 20,1917 do Oct. 15,1917 do June 1,1918 Oot. 20,1917 June 1,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. do do 913 South Forty-ninth Street, Philadelphia. 608 Land Title Building, Phila- delphia. do Reed "Wm F jr .do do Rnbin^ Thos do . . ..do ..do Sheldon H P . .do do 1518 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. . .. ..do do . . ..do ..do do Philadelphia do ... . ..do do . do 608 Land Title Building, Phila- delphia. Philadelphia.. Whitp H W do .do Winder Wm D do . ..do do . ..do do do Barker, Geo. J do do do FEDBBAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. PHILADELPHIA COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEE PERSONNEL— Continued. 31*7 Name. Engineers: BlatoMey , Chas. A Caspar, Chas. H Dyer, W. E. S Forsyth, Wm Hart, E.J Hartman, H. T Mitchell, J. H Morgan, J. L Naegeley, J. C Simsohn, J. S Thomas, J. G ■Warley,Thos'. C, & Co Comity office personnel: Bell, EthelM Duggan, Nettie G. Edwards, Mary O.. MaoCreary, Helen R . . Marks, Matilda. Risley, E. L Conservation section- Jones, R. E Garde, J. F Massey, Geo. H Mauger, Edgar C. Keating, Ethel.. Jeiuiings,Dorothea W. O'Boyle, Mrs. B. K. (deceased). Rieclc, Anna E Title. Engineer.. do ....do.... do ....do.... ....do.... ....do.... ....do... do... do... do... do... Stenographer.. do -do. Clerk and telephone operator.. Stenographer Information bmreau.. Chief of inspectors Domestic fuel inspector . Assistant chief of inspectors Investigator in charge lightless nights. Stenographer do. Clerk... do. OiBcial station. Philadelphia. do .do. -do. .do. .do. Ldo. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. Home address. 1112 South Wilton Avenue, Phila- delphia. 1413 West Tioga Street, Phila^ delphia. 30 West Wood Street, Norristown. 431 West Perm Street, German- town, Philadelphia. 4124 Girard Avenue, Philadelphia. 921 South Forty-ninth Street, West Philadelphia. 39 West End Avenue, Haddon- fleld, N. J. 6032 Catherine Street, Apartment B, Philadelphia. 4031 Baring Street, Philadelphia.. Philadelphia 2247 North Tiber Street, Philadel- phia. Philadelphia 4035 North Twelfth Street, Phila- delphia. 2609 North Twenty-ninth Street, Philadelphia. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— June 1,1918 do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Feb. 18,1918 Aug. 1,1918 Oct. 22,1917 July 1, 1918 July 15,1918 Sept. 1, 1918 Sept. 10,1918 July 24,1918 Sept. 10,1918 Aug. 1,1918 July 22,1918 June 15,1918 July 1, 1918 To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 15,1919 Dec. 15,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Jan. 31,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Jan. 1, 1919 Jan. 15,1919 Do. Dec. 31,1918 Apr. 25,1918 Jan. 31,1919 Jan. 2, 1919 Jan. 15, 1919 Name. COUKTT FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Pike: Marvin ,Alfred,chairman. Potter: DinehartjF.E. (resigned). Dunn, R. M., chairman. Allen, Wm BamardjA. A Fox, O.H Gibbon, Fred Hemminger, Wm Mastin, Geo Carter, G. W Schuylkill: Halberstadt, B., chair- man. Ball, Harrison Burke, M. M Filbert, J. H Harris, J. M McGlnness, Jno. C . . . Moody, W. E. (deceased). Pepper, F. J Reber, H. F Luther,E.C Halberstadt, I. R. (ste- nographer). Inspectors — Lesser, W. H Ulmer, Louis Snyder: Hassiuger, W. A., chair- man. Walter, K.C Baker, C. A Somerset: Lowry, J. C, chairman. Sullivan: Dyer, A. L^ chairman.. Henning, Harry R Ingham, Frank Jackson, Geo. G Sweeney, E. L Susquehanna: Comstock, W. G., chair- man. Gelder, Fred Volun- Offlcial station, teeror salary. Matamoras. . Coudersport Galeton Coudersport.. Austin Shinglehouse. Roulette Ulysses Coudersport.. Pottsville Mahanoy City.. Shenandoah... Schuylkill Haven. Tamaqua Frackville Tremont Ashland Pine Grove Pottsville do Middleburg... Selinsgrove.. McClure Somerset. . Lopez do.. . Laporte.. Dushore.. Mildred.. Montrose Forest City.. Served. From— To— V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V V Dec. 20,1917 Feb."28,"i9i8' ....do ....do ....do do ....do do do Dec. 20,1917 do do ....do....... do do do do do Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 1, 1918 June 1, 1918 do Dec. 20,1917 .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Mar. 1,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES- continued. Susquehanna — Continued. Gere, P.J Harris, J. R Lott, E. W Parke,N. H Right,r. W West, Joseph Williams, Hugh Jones, Hon. E. E Inspector — McKeage, G. R Tioga: Campbell, P. J., chair- man. Blair, H. A., deputy chairman. Marvin, F. H Smith, L. M Union: Donehower, W. L., chairman. Inspectors — Burpee, F. A Frick, Walter Venango: Kams, G. S., chairman Callan, W. H Evans, E. W Fulton, L. D Karns, A. S Mackey, C. F MoClure, J. H Messer, S Miller, C. A Miller, Geo. C. (resigned) Oberly, Geo. S Thompson, W. M Waterbury, Bayard H . . Inspector — Coflman, J. P Warren: Schimmelfeng, Chas Campbell, J. W., chair- man (resigned). Eldred, Arthur Official station. Volun- teer or salary. New Milford . . . Susfiuehanna. . Springville Hallstead and Great Bend. Thompson Hop Bottom . . . Union dale Harford Wellsboro. do.... Mansfield . Tioga Lewisburg . Franklin... ....do ....do Oil City-... Franklm... do Oil City.... Emlenton. . Franklin... do Oil City... Franklm.. do Warren. Warren. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Dec. 20,1917 do ....do -...do .do. .do. .do. .do. June 1, 1918 Dec. 20,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do June 1, 1918 do Dec. 20,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. June 1,1918 Nov. 1,1918 Dec. 20,1917 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 318 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIOIT. PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Warren— Continued. Wright, G. C, chairman (resigned). Inspector: Meyer, A. V Warae: Dodge, Chas. E., chair- man. Inspectors — Emery, M.J Herman, Chas Ubin, Earl Wyoming: Jarvis, F. H., chairman . Baker, E. A Dicker, Arthur Lewis, J. H Nicholson, Rev. Carl Wright, J. T Official station. Honesdale.. Tunkhannock. Noxen Palls Factoryville... Tunkhannock. LaceyviUe Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— June 1,1918 Dec. 20,1917 June 1, 1918 ....do ....do Apr. 5, 1918 do ....do ....do ....do ....do To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Wyoming — Continued. Inspectors- Cornell, M. S Mausel, C. E Vandevort, A. L... York: Gephart, E. E., chair- man. Campbell, Gordon Gardner, E. W Grumbacher, Max Wilton, R.P Winebrenner, Paul Inspectors — Freed, Leonard Grim.'Oreb Hinkle, Howard . . . Long, Walter E Sechrist, H. Q Official station. York.. ....do ....do ....do Wrightsville . Hanover Volim- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- June 1, 1918 do ....do , Dec. 20,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do June 1, 1918 ....do ....do ....do ....do To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. •Do. Do. Do. Do. CONSERVATION DIVISION, CONSERVATION STATE BOARD. Name. Drinker, Dr. H. S. Cole, E.L De Schweinitz, P. B . Femald, R. H Clark, Walton. Sproull, J. C . . . Stewart, R. T.., Turner, C. P.... Walthall, M. E . Stevens, J. F.... Warren, H. M. Wood, A. C... Buerger, C. B.. Henderson, G. R. Wadleigh, F. R . . . Freer, Sam'l Title. Chairman . Secretary . Vice chairman central Pennsyl- vania district. Vi?e chairman northeast Penn- sylvania district. Vice chairman southeast Peim- sylvania district . Chief engineer Administrative engineer . Ice plant engineer. Official station. Lehigh University, Bethlehem. 250 South Broad Street, Phila- delphia. Lehigh University, Bethlehem. Uni versityof Pennsylvania, Phil- adelphia. U. G. I., Philadelphia Carnegie Institute ot Tech- nology, Pittsburgh. University of Pittsburgh, Pitts- burgh. Harrisburg Scranton Engineers Club, Philadelphia . . Scranton Stock Exchange Building, Philadelphia. ' 3144 Passyunk Avenue, Phila- delphia. Aldine Hotel, Philadelphia 1524 Chestnut Street, Philadel- phia. Drexel Building, Philadelphia . , Home address. Lehigh University, Bethlehem. . . 1933 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia. Lehigh University, Bethlehem University of Pennsylvania, Phila- delphia. U. G. I., Philadelphia Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh. University of Pittsburgh, Pitts- burgh. Harrisburg Scranton Engineers Club, Phlladelpliia Scranton Stock Exchange Building, Phila- delphia. 3144 Passyunk Avenue, Philadel- phia. Aldme Hotel, Philadelphia 1524 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 5424 Whitby Avenue, Philadelphia. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From — June 1,1918 Jan. 1,1918 June 1,1918 do do do do do do do do May 1, 1918 May 14,1918 Jime 1,1918 do .do. To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 16,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Jan. 1, 1919 CONSERVATION COMMITTEES. Name. CITY POWER AND LIGHT. Allentown: Canthn, A. H. S Spring, E. C Harte, Wm Fisher, G. B Duling, J. L Buckland, Jno. N Industrial furnace engi- neer — Enright, Bernard.. Carlisle: Hays, Geo. M Miller, C. E Goodyear, W. H Loctman, Jos Kunkle, Frank Chester: Granger. A. R Rindle, W". A Rostron, Jas. R Craig, W.H Buck, Wm. T Simpson, W. P Coatesville: Harris, F. W Stansburg, P. S Official station. -Allentown. -...do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do.. Carlisle. ....do.. ....do., -...do.. ....do.. Chester. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Coatesville. ....do Volun teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- June 1, 1918 ....do ....do ....do ....do -...do Aug. 16,1918 June 1,1918 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do , ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do., ....do ....do , To— Feb 28, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. CITY POWER AND LIGHT- continued. Coatesville — Continued. Goodfellow, Alfred. . . Sliailcross, Jesse, jr. . . Pennegan, J. V Aronsohn, Benj Columbia: North, H. M., jr Hull,R.B Howard, E Bucher, Max Easton: Peterman, R. L Titus, W. E Miller, Jno. H Sandt, M. E Renwick, J. B Elder, Geo. R Harrisburg and Steelton: Kalpwasser, CM Musser, E. G Starkey, W. P . ... DeWalt, H. E Neal, Harry Hershey , David Official station. Coatesville. do do -...do Columbia . -...do.... .....do.... -...do.... Easton. . ....do., -...do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- June 1,1918 .-.-do.;.... ....do ....do ....do -...do .---do ....do ---.do ..-.do ..--do ....do -...do -..-do ....do ..-.do -...do ....do ....do ....do To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Doi Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 319 PENNSYLVANIA— Continued . FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. CONSERVATION COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. CITY POWER AND LIGHT — continued. Johnstown: Metzser, T, B Morrissev, P. E Du Pont, EvanM-.. Lyons, Jas. E M'oyer, F. Huaihes — Shaffer. E. MT Kress, Jas. M Lancaster: Bruhalcer. H. W HuH.H.B Derby, Dred trttley, T. V Evans, John J Lebanon; Giele, W. S Price, J. B Hardaker, Wm. J ■ Kinney. Jas. A Shenk, M.J Forney, M. H Hermann, Carl Meadville: Hatch, Chas. M Ellsworth. H. E Rosslter, Clarke Landon, Dr. W. B... Norristown: Ganser, H. H Magill, Geo. W Graham, C. M Bugsy, John A Soheidt, A. J., jr Hoy, Peter V Howie, Kenneth Phoenixvllle: Taggart, C. W Rambo, Chas. W Melan, Andrew Bader, Chas. E Thomson, O. E Woodrofle, G. H Pottstown; McCarthy, Albert P. Hardaker, Thos. L. . Porter, Saml. H Trout, Nelson M , Saylor, John R Burdan, H. H Reading: Gilbert, E. M Long, Claren:'e Miller, Jas. M Kline, Peter Barbey, John South Bethlehem: Smith, Frank S Hoffman, Chas. P. Petty, David M... Brinker, Adam Kresgc, Robert Kift, R. L..-» Official station. Volun- teer or salary Johnstown . ....do ....do do -.do -.do ..do West Chester: Rogers, G. W AikerLS, H. H Pyle, Jas. E Oat, Jos. H Sellers, Morris Wyler, Rudolph B Williamsport: Davis, Ernest H., chair- man. YounMn, Geo. B Morgan, Thos. M Harvey. G. H Myer.s, L, R york: Mann, W. L., chairman Motter, Robt. L Loucks, B. H McPherson, Robt Burgesser, C. C Long, Walter H Lan-^aster . ....do ..-.do ..-.do do COUNTT POWER AND LIGHT. Bradford: Adams, R. F., inspector. Clearfield, Blair, Himting- don, Mifflin, Bedford, Cen- ter, and Juniata: Shearer, J. H., chairman. Crane, S. S Miimick, H. L Cole, J. F Cleaves, B. F Wentzell, O. E Lebanon . ---.do... .--.do... .--.do... .--.do... ..-.do... do... Meadville. do.... do do...- Norristown . -.-.do ..-.do do ...-do ...-do do Phoeni3Cville - do do do do do Pottstown. do do do do do Reading - do... do... do... do... South hem. do- do. do. do. do. Bethle- West Chester.. do do do do. do Williamsport.. ..do... -.do... ..do... .-do... York... .-..do. ....do. .-..do. ....do. ....do. Clearfield. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From — June 1,1918 ....do ...do ...do -...do ....do ....do .do., .do. .do., .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do.^ .do. .do. .do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. .-do. ..do. ..do. ..do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. -do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .'do. .do. .do. .do. June 1, 1918 .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do, Do, Do, Do, Do, Do, Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do, Do. Do. Do, Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do'. Do, Do. Do, Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY POWER AND LIGHT— continued. Clearfield, etc.— Continued. Leopold, Bert Kloss, D. Shelley Snyder, John N Lorenz, F. K Ijbby, W. D Tingley, Francis Delaware; Stephani, \Vm. J. (in- dustrial furnace engi- neer). Franklin; Wood, Chas. O Mo .very, J. H Fretz. D, B Schafl, J. G Jefferson; Mau, G. A Warren, Fred Porter, Frank Lackawanna; Committeemen — Boileau, W. E Campbell, D. T MoVnulty, J. S Zehner, M. E EsslinKer, G. W Hamilton, W. J Kilcullen, Wm. H... Ho vard, Lawrence.. MacFarlane, J. B Power plant inspectors— Axford, H. L Bascome, G. L ^. Conant, C. A Connor, H. M Fritz, J. A Gaylord, J. H Wildt, E. A Whitmore, E. G McKenna, T. F Griffin, John Hayes, J. G Koehler, R. L O'Malley, E. W Parrish, J. E Rosser, D. E : Smith, G. F Squires, H. N Luzerne; Rimmer, P. G. (district chairman). Committeemen — Bleckley, A. H List, W. H.,jr McCormick, Fred . . Nicholson, F. C Rodington, John A. Wakeman, E. A. . . Wright, Thos. A... West, Ambrose . Delahunty, C. A Bergin, J. B Meyer, R. E Power plant inspectors— Crankshaw, H. M.. Lloyd, Wm Lloyd, John Pulverman, W. E.. Mitten, L. F Reese, Harry McMahon, F. J.. . . Wagner. E. B Solomon, E. P Northumti'^rland: Nicely, Chas. A. (indus- trial furnace engineer). Philadelphia; Committeemen- Long, Walter E Fairehild.C. B., jr. Edge, Walter C SerriU, Horace P.. . Johnston, Andrew , Power plant inspector.s- McClintock, J. D... Clayton, E. A Maas, Chas. Ij Severs, E. B Burko, E. J Hart, E.J Morgan, J. L Locke, S. B Moore, L. L Gucker, F. T Denny, W. J Thomas, F.L Myhlertz. F. G Olficial station. Ridley Park. Wilkes-Barre. . Watsontown. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- June 1,1918 ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. Aug. 16,1918 June 1,1918 do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ...-do ...-do -...do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ..-.do ...-do ...-do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ...-do ...-do ....do ...-do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ...-do ...-do do do do ....do ....do ....do ....do July 2fi, 191 S. June 1, 1918 ....do.. do.. do.. do.. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. To— Feb. 28,1919 Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 320 EEPOET OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. CONSERVATION COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY POWER AND LIGHT— continued. Philadelphia — Continued. Power plant inspectors- Contmued. Philiipp, P. C Mullin, E.T Anderson. PT. M.. . Mitchell, J. H Blatchloy, C. A Dyer, \V. E. S Simsohn, J. S Warley, T. C Thomas, J. G Schmidt, C. G. A.. Caspar, Chas. H Morgan, W. W Bonine, Chas. E . . . Lawrence, M. F Johnson, Peter O... Church, W.R Benzon, Geo. H., jr. Bailey, W. J Glazier, P. M Vauclain, J. L Bachman, E. L Lloyd, C. E McBride.Thos. C. Kneass, S. L Hartman, H. T Forsyth, Wm Naegeley, J. C Schuylkill: Dreher, Thos. B. (in- dustrial furnace en- gineer). Venango: Karns, A. S Thompson, W. M Waterbury, B. H Callan, W. H McClure, J. Harvey Oberly, Geo MiUer,C. A Messer, S. Mackey. C. F. Evans, S. W.. Fulton, L. D.. VOLUNTEER INSPECTORS OF BOILER INSURANCE COM- PANIES. Ocean Accident & Guaran- tee Corporation (Ltd.): Thompson, T. H James, F. W Yocum, F Best, G. U Cowfer, A. B Davis, H. L Hartford Steam Boiler In- spection & Insurance Co.: Connery, T. F Fraelich, L. M Johnson, Ned B Kiimibrugh, David Leeds, B.H. Repp.P.H Whitman, Geo. R Long, Wm Albert, Geo. B Culin, Jacob Davis, Geo. H Dowd, Thomas Dowd, Frank Dunlap, Geo. F Enoch, E. J Kerrigan, J. P., jr Jfetts,R. D Parrish, Harry McGinley, Emanuel Reynolds, Wm. B Robson.C.H Talman, A. S •.. Trelfall, Edw OfHolal station. Aldine Hotel, Philadelphia. Aldine Hotel, Philadelphia. Pottsville - 416 Walnut Street, Phil- adelphia. do do do do do 142 South Fourth Street, Phil- adelphia. do do do do ....do ....do ....do ....do do do do do do .....do do do do , do do do do do Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- June 1,1918 ....do ....do uo. . ....do ..-.do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do -...do ..-.do -...do ....do ....do do do do do do do do do July 26,1918 June 1,1918 do do , do do do do do do do , do June 1, 1918 do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. .....do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. .Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. VOLUNTEER INSPECTORS OF BOILER INSURANCE COM- PANIES — continued. Hartford Steam Boiler In- spection & Insurance Co. — Continued. Adams, S. B Woods, Wm. T Alban, T. T Warren, J. T Wilson, Thos Maryland Casualty Co.: Flnley, E. F Smith, T. A Lamsbach, O. F Simpkins, B. H Conner, G. F Grlesel, Geo., jf Travelers Indemnity Co. : Shallow, E. F Boggs,R.H Boggs, W.H Evans, J. G Gillon, Thomas Hoeltzel, G. L Hunter, H. H Sheppar(L L. G Looney, D. J Meehau, Joseph Black, Augustus- . . Heesemann, W. L. . Martin, Cornelius. . Flshburn. Charles. . McLean, D. D O'Neill, J. V Willard, H. J Wesley, P. E Murphy, G. W Van Pelt. Howard. Connell, J. M Globe Indemnity Co.: Davis, W. G Green, Harry Laughton, E. W Stansfield, W. T Young, Wm London Guarantee & Accl- cident Co. (Ltd.): Pitman, Wm. T Foy, Chas.H Fidelity & Casualty Co.: Boyer, W. J Pitchford, A. H Burky, G. F Batty, J Campbell, S. R Thorns, C.H Lyons, P.J Garland, Robert Berr,S. N Matson, C. F Weixel. J. C Clock, E. E Qulnn, J. J Webster, M.W American Casualty Co.: Gergenhelmer, C. W Philadelphia Steam Engine and Boiler Inspection Bureau: Boyle, James Schall, Geo Wagner, Gus. A Deinlnger, Chas. F Nlethamer, F Lukens, John M Official station. 142 South Fourth Street, Phil- adelphia. do ....do ....do ....do 324 Walnut Street, Phil- adelphia. do ....do ....do ....do ....do 415 Walnut Street, Phil- adelphia. .-..do ....do ....do ....do -...do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do 331 Walnut Street, Phil- adelphia. ....do -...do ....do ....do 434 Walnut Street, Phil- adelphia. do 330 Walnut Street, Phil- adelphia. do ....do ...-do -..-do --.-do -...do -...do ....do ....do ....do , ....do -..-do -.--do Welghtman Building, Philadelphia. City Hall, Phil- adelphia. do do do do do Volun teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— June 1,1918 do.. .-do.. ..do.. ..do.. .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do.. .do., -do., .do., .do., .do., -do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do., .do., .do.. -do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ..do.... .do.... .do.... t. .do... -do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do... .do. -do. .do. .do- .do. .do. To- Jan. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. PITTSBURGH DISTRICT. The Pittsburgh district of the fuel admiaistration covers the coal-mining district of western Pennsylvania, included in which is the great manufacturing region known as the Pittsburgh district. There is a production of over 100,000,000 tons a year produced in the district, this being the most intensive coal-mining region of the world. It is fed by four or five different railroads. The Pittsburgh district of the fuel administration was separated from the other part of the State of Penn- sylvania, and is composed of the counties of Allegheny, Westmoreland, Fayette, Washington, Greene, and Beaver, this district being coordinate with State administrations. Last winter, at the instance of Mr. Potter, State fuel administrator, we had charge of Lawrence County as well, and included New Castle and Sharon, both manufacturing districts. At the instance of Mr. Potter we also directed the work of Armstrong County last winter, and looked after fuel administration matters in some of the other counties north of the Pittsburgh district. In the faU of 1917 shipments from the Pittsbirrgh district to the lake front were carried on until late November. The summer and fall shipments of coal to the lake supply coal for the northwest and lake region for the winter and spring. In other years the domestic consimiers in the Pittsburgh district usually laid up most of their coal after the lake shipping season, and cold weather usually does not come in this region before Christmas; but in the fall of 1917 extremely cold weather was on us at the time or before lake shipments ceased. The domestic users of coal were bare of fuel at that time, and, with the very heavy demand on the district for fuel for the industries and the then lu-gent need of fuel for the domestic xisers, a serious situation was created. Moreover, this early and severe winter weather interrupted and disorganized the railroad traffic. Without the vigorous cooperation of the railroad officials of the district at that time there would have been considerable suffering for lack of fuel in Pittsburgh and in the Beaver Valley, where the greatest scarcity of fuel existed. The coal operators of the Pittsburgh district were called together by the fuel administrator soon after he was appointed, and an arrangement was made with them by which there would be allotted among them the number of cara of coal to be furnished retail dealers for domestic use, who in txu-n would distribute it to and among the domestic users. Only that coal was ordered from the operators that would meet the emergency and temporarily reheve the critical situation at the time. This plan was canied on all winter until spring and thioughout the very severe weather that was experienced in the months of January and February. A survey of the entire domestic situation was made in November, 1917, by the fuel administrator of the needs and lequirements for domestic fuel, and fortunately it was comprehensive enough to prevent any serious suffering for lack of fuel. The wagon mines of the district (mines that were not on or tributary to railroads) hauled coal with trucks and wagons throughout the region. For instance, there were hauled from one mine in the month of January 8,500 tons into Pittsburgh. Without this additional supply, in view of the complete demoralization of railroad traffic, we should have had suffering from lack of fuel among household users. It must be understood that never in the history of the Pittsburgh district had the raihoads been so demor- alized and so physically unable to transport coal. There were instances where it took two engines to haul three or four cars of coal. At this time, in December, we found about 7,500 tons of coal loaded in coal boats for down-river shipments, but on account of low water and no likelihood of there being sufficient water to send the coal down the river until May, we commandeered this coal; the larger part of it we distributed for domestic use and a part went to the Duquesne Light Co., the large utility company that furnished electric power for the district. A large coal production is supplied by Monongahela River to large manufactiu-ing plants and indus- tries, a water way on which a number of them rdy solely for coal supply, but in December the Monongahela River was frozen over and covered with thick ice, preventing any use of the river for traffic until late in February. This condition cut off at once the entire supply of the Jones & Laughlin Steel Co., which uses 15,000 to 20,000 tons of coal a day, and also a large tonnage for the Carnegie Steel Co. plants and various other plants. The Crucible Steel Co., at Midland, on the Ohio River, which secured its coal on the river, was furnishing for its finishing plant at Harrison, N. J., 1,000 tons of shell steel a day, and at this time it was com- pletely shut off. Through the efforts of the fuel administration of the district the plants of Jones & Laughlin, the Steel Cor- poration plants, the Crucible Steel Co., and other concerns, furnishing vitally important and necessary war material, were kept running from two to six weeks after they had advised the fuel administration that they would have to shut down for lack of fuel. 122602—20 ^21 321 322 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIOIT. On account of the blockade of loaded cars of coal on the railroads in the Pittsbm-gh district during last winter (through the inability of the raihoads to move trafl&c owing to the extremely cold weather), it became necessary to divert a considerable amount of coal and have it quickly unloaded and the cars returned imme- diately to the mines. Mr. Garfield conferred on the fuel administrator of the district full power and authority to confer with the committee of railroad vice presidents and, where diversion of coal was deemed advisable, to authoiize the railroads to divert coal on tracks. Wliile this diversion of coal was utilized by the important manufacturing plants, the diversion was prompted, however, for the benefit of the railroads, to enable them to start the movement of traffic. In all this diversion, which was difficult and of a drastic nature, we understand that no one lost any money through failure of payment for the coal. When the fuel administration began its work in the Pittsburgh district it was learned that the city water- works had no source of supply for fuel, and it became necessary for the fuel administration to furnish coal to the city waterworks, which it did several times a week during the entire winter. If the fuel administration of this district did nothing else than to keep the waterworks of this important district in operation, it proved its value to the district. When the five-day closing period last winter was ordered a critical situation developed. It must be under- stood that 55 per cent of the war material of the country was furnished by this district, and the plants and indus- tries of this district were being pushed and m-ged by the different governmental departments for heavy and large production at that time. A meeting of representatives of the industries of the district was called and held in the chamber of commerce attended by six or seven hmidred to protest against the action, and the fuel administrator was called upon to appear before the meeting and explain the order and why it should not be immediately lifted so far as the Pittsburgh district was concerned, because of the great need of war material. The fuel administrator of the district did appear and sought to secure the observance of the rule and receive the cooperation of the industries, with the assurance that everything would be done by the fuel administration to prevent disaster or injury to their plants. The chief of the State factory inspection of western Pennsylvania, Mr. Frank Feehan, who had 20 to 25 men under him, contributed the services of these men to the fuel administration in reporting violation of the order of the five-day shut down and the subsequent heatless Mondays. It was discovered that the wagon mines heretofore mentioned (mines that were not on or tributary to rail- ways), scattered throughout the district, were in a more or less demoralized state with regard to uniformity of prices and in the distribution of coal. It was discovered that there were in this district some 700 or 800 wagon mines. The owners were called together at a meeting by the fuel administrator, and a schedule of prices for their coal was given them and cer- tain rules made and issued to them ui order that the best results could be obtained. Weekly reports showing production were required. A fairly comprehensive system of reports were required and are maintained by the office of the Pittsburgh district. It required considerable work to enforce the lightless nights for some time after that order became effective, and the fuel administration of the district had to engage a few inspectors for this work. It was also incumbent upon the fuel administration of the district to keep in close touch with the electric power and the natural gas furnished the district, the Duquesne Light Co. being the principal utility company of the district. This company fiu-nished electric power to over 200 industries or plants, most of them furnishing war material. It furnished electric power also to the street railways and the power for the lighting system of Pittsburgh. The West Penn Power Co. largely furnished the elecfric power for coal mines of the district. The Duquesne Light Co. did not have an adequate supply of coal during the critical periods of last winter, and it was incumbent on the fuel administrator of the district to have coal furnished at that time to prevent a shut down a few times. The use and demand for power from the Duquesne Light Co. for manufacturing purposes (practically all of which was for war materials), were increasing all the time. From Jime 6 up until early September, 1918, when a unit of the Duquesne Light Co. at Brunot Island, through an accident, was put out of commission, some plants doing war work were shut down each day for an hour or more for lack of power. One company making aero- plane engines, the Union Switch & Signal Co., was shut down half a day at a time once or twice, and it became necessary to take quick action; the fuel administration, with the approval of the governmental representatives in Pittsburgh, placed a ban on the use of electric power from 7.30 to 10 in the forenoons on lights and elevator service in office buildings and imposed certain other restrictions. It was found that this was the period of the peak load during the day and when the demand was the heaviest. By this action 11,000 to 12,000 kilowatts a day were saved for use by the manuf actm-ing plants, and while this was not a large amount, yet it was suffi- cient to prevent any further cessation of work by reason of lack of electric power. This was continued for about three or four weeks until the Duquesne Light Co. had repaired the unit that had been put out of commission. PEDEBAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOES. 323 It was then found that some restrictions would have to be made on the use of power to enable full operations of the plants doing essential war work, and the mercantile houses were ordered to remain closed from 7.30 to 10 in the morning. Thereby about 4,000 to 5,000 kilowatts a day were saved and it was sufficient to prevent a shut down of plants. This was, of course, more or less a drastic order, but it was vitally important at the time and it saved the situation. The public realized that it was essential, and cooperated with the fuel administrator. In justice to those who were in the fuel administration, something should be said about the arduous work which they performed. Beginning immediately upon the creation of the fuel administration in the fall of 1917 heavy demands on the part of domestic users and industries of all kinds were made upon the office of the fuel administration. The work increased and became heavier with cold weather coming in November and continued all through the winter, with tremendous demands during the extreme cold weather and the five-day shut-down period and the heatless Mondays. During part of this time there were from 200 to 400 people visiting the office a day, and during certain critical times the telephone company advised us that we had from 150 to 200 incoming calls all the time during the business hours of the day. The work of the fuel administration commenced as early as 8 in the morning and lasted until 11 and 12 o'clock at night. It was arranged so that the office was kept open from early in the morning imtil late at night and all day Sundays during the critical situation. Every one in the fuel administration was prompted by patriotic motives and contributed in every way his best efforts to help in the important and necessary work at the time. It was necessary to have from 15 to 25 people in the fuel administration office during the five-day period to meet and take care of the people calling for and seeking information and direction. The following are those who were connected with the office during last winter, all of whom are entitled to the highest commendation : Joseph Torrance Miller, deputy fuel administrator; H. A. Andrews, deputy fuel administrator; S. A. McClung, deputy fuel administrator; M. M. Griest, deputy fuel administrator; J. F. MulhoUand, deputy fuel administrator; Southard Hay, deputy fuel administrator; E. N. Doty, deputy fuel administrator; Harvey S. Wineland, chief clerk; Miss Jane M. Gibb, secretary; Miss Lillian Green, telephone operator; Miss Dorothy Ramsey, in charge of reports from mines. Mr. J. T. Miller gave 12 to 14 hours a day to the work, and his efforts were of great aid and benefit in the work of the fuel administration. Miss Jane Gibb and Mr. Wineland did fine work in the manner in which they performed their services. Under the direction of Mr. Noyes we created a conservation department, under which Tom R. Brown was appointed director of conservation and Mr. C. P. Billings chief of staff in charge of conservation of electric power. It was obvious that additional power was daily needed in order to meet the requirements of indus- tries manufacturing war materials in this district; at the same time the power companies were unable to raise m.oney to finance additional units and plants. The fuel administration contributed its efforts in endeavoring to secure money from the Government with which to increase promptly the power facilities of the distiict, and Mr. C. P. Billings, of this office, spent a couple of months working up the data and furnishing them to the proper departments in Washington. The fuel administration lent its aid in this work, the result of which was that the West Penn Power Co. secured $2,000,000 from the Government with which to increase its power faculties, and about $500,000 was furnished to the Duquesne Light Co. to increase its facUities, which were greatly and, immediately needed at its Bruno Island plant, which is its largest plant. The conservation administrator secured the answers to 6,000 questionnaires sent out to the various indus- tries, which formed the basis of the work of conservation of power and fuel. While this department was more or less handicapped by conditions under which plants were operating in the district, it sought in every way to aid in the conservation of power and fuel. A more detailed statement of this will appear later. S. A. McClung, Esq., was appointed director of enforcements, and through his efforts infractions against the orders and directions were reduced to a minimum. Working with and in the fuel administration in endeavoring to meet the urgent demands for electric power for this district, Maj. John C. Damon, assigned to the power section, war industries board, from the office of the chief of engineers, rendered valuable service in the survey he made of the power situation of the district, and he lent his aid in conjunction with the fuel administration in obtaining and increasing electric power in the district. * To supply fuel better for the needs of the Ordnance Department, Capt. C. F. Ingold came into the fuel administration, Pittsburgh district, from the fuel and forage division and acted with and under the fuel admin- istration. Under instructions of Mr. T. B. Gregory, director of the bureau of natural gas, the fuel adminis- trator directed the distribution of natural gas in the district, Mr. David 0. Holbrook performing the service in the district. 324 EEPORT OP ADMINISTKATIVE DIVISION. Mr. E. A. Spencer, jr., was appointed Appalachian field inspector under W. Champlin Robinson, director of oil conservation, on the 29th of July, 1918. His duties were to check up the conditions of drilling, producing, and transporting petroleum and natural gas in the oil and gas fields of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, and Kentucky. During his term of service he checked up a daily waste of 21,000,000 feet of gas and of this amount brought about a daily conservation of 8,000,000 feet. The oil conditions were exceptionally weU taken care of, due to the high price received for crude petroleum. Mr. George J. Hagan was appointed the fuel-oil combustion engineer for the Pittsburgh district in the latter part of October. Questionnaires were mailed out to manufacturers utilizing oil as a fuel. These ques- tionnaires had been returned, and the inspection of results was next in order when the armistice was signed. Therefore Mr. Hagan was just about to reap the results of his efforts when the department was ordered dissolved. The foregoing is merely a recital of the more important phases of the fuel administration, there being no purpose here to recite the various and numerous other kinds of work or the routine work that came before the fuel administration of the district. Fortunately, the Pittsburgh district cooperated very finely with the fuel administration, the people showing themselves willing to put themselves to any inconvenience as long as it was in aid of governmental and war work. The patriotic work of the Pittsburgh district is entitled to the highest commendation. Respectfully submitted. D. W. KUHN, Federal Fuel Administrator for Pittsburgh District. Pittsburgh, Pa., December 14, 1918. Mr. D. W. KuHN, Federal Fuel Administrator, Pittsburgh District, Pittsburgh, Pa. My Dear Mr. Kuhn: Conforming to the national plan for organization as given in a letter dated at Washington, D. C, May 1, 1918, and beginning as of May 2, 1918, a department of conservation was added to your organization, with the writei in charge as administrative engineer and Mr. C. P. BiUings as special staff assistant, as a final result of the adoption of the plan worked out by Mr. A. L. Humphrey's joint committee of the chamber of commerce and the Pittsburgh Employers' Association, in February of the same year. This report covers and includes the effective period and activities, rather than the total life of this depart- ment, from May 2 to the present, the real activities having commenced/ on or about June 1 and extending to or ending December 1, covering a period of six months. The fundamental idea and thought governing has been maximum production with minimum waste, with special reference to conservation of fuel in the production and use of power, light, and heat, not only to effect a lower cost of production, but to make available for increased manufacturing and other faciHties directly con- tributing to war work the fuel conserved; in other words, to produce more with the same amount of fuel in the same industry and in a larger number of industries, the increased number being made possible by the saving effected in one. Cooperation and such assistance as the engineers of the Government were specially equipped to give, the volunteer service of experts in various uses of fuel and the information and suggestions conveyed' by the ques- tionnaire were the means used to forward this work, and within the limits of time of activity they have proved their value. In accordance with instructions from Washington, December 20 and 21, we divide the sources of saving into the- following divisions which also conform to the divisions which we made in carrying out the work in the Pittsbm-gh district: No. 1. Steam power plants. No. 2. Domestic use. No. 3. Substitution of wood for coal. No. 4. Consolidation of central power stations. No. 5. Closing down of isolated plants. No. 6. Skip-stops on street railways. No. 7. Combination of ice plants. No. 8. Lightless nights. No. 9. 10 o'clock opening order. Early in the work of this department the power situation in your district became so critical and the possible remedy through Government assistance so apparent, that it stood alone as an issue demandmg instant and concentrated attention if we would present our case properly and convincinglj', and Mr. Billings gave practically his whole time to our problem and specialized on this part of the work most effectively.- FEDEEAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOKS. • 325 No. 1.— STEAM POWER PLANTS. The questionnaires were in the hands of all of the manufacturers August 1, the delay being due to decisions on standard forms and on printing at Washington: Total questionnaires sent out 2, 956 Total questionnaires returned ^' '^^^ 1,481 Total reported out of business and not using coal as fuel 929 Not returned and unaccounted for 552 The total distribution by counties was: Allegheny 1, 963 Westmoreland and Fayette 515 Washington, Greene, and Beaver 478 Total 2,956 The total annual coal consumption as per questionnaires is 9,557,318 tons. The organization as planned and worked out as far as possible in the available time included as a part of your organization a shop committee appointed in each plant by the management of that plant from his own employees to supervise and follow up all questions of power and power saving, and the appointment of these men as members of the fuel administration. Some of these have been appointed and are at work and in at least one instance a direct saving of 9 per cent was secured %vith more in sight. In very many of the larger plants and as a result of the suggestions sent •with the questionnaires, special activity was started and a new interest created, and a careful review of all plants as shown by the questionnaires indicates clearly that an estimate of an average of 7 per cent is reasonable and conservative. We, therefore, estimate an annual saving on all such plants of 669,012 tons. No. 2.— DOMESTIC USE. Through committees made up of members from various house heating concerns, and also from sanitary engineering and plumbing concerns, by means of special advertisements containing suggestions of the fuel administratioij, and also by means of printed matter distributed through the public schools, the homes of Pitts- burgh were reached, and the importance of clean furnaces, proper damper regulation, etc., was urged; the im- portance of the prompt repair of all water leaks and care in the use of water, especially hot water, and a minimum use of light were all emphasized. We estimate the total saving per annum to be 5,600 tons. No. 3.— SUBSTITUTION OF WOOD FOR COAL. There was a limited amount of this dope, mamly in the country; the price was too high as compared with the price of coal to expect any special results in your district. Nos. 4 and 5.— CONSOLIDATION OF CENTRAL STATIONS AND CLOSING DOWN OF ISOLATED PLANTS. I am of the opinion that during the period covered by this report no saving of special note could be deter- mined, because of the extreme shortage of all power and the necessity of operating all available units; mider anything like normal conditions there would be a very marked economy in this method as suggested. No. 6.— SKIP-STOPS. The skip-stop system was put into effect in your district during September resultmg in a saving annually of 62,000 tons. No. 7.— CONSOLIDATION OF ICE PLANTS. Questionnaires were sent to all manufacturers from Washington covering this. Returns came in so late, however, that the war was over before anything could be properly started. We do not think that the plan would work out in your district, except as a war tune measure, and even then it is a question, because of the independent position of each ice manufacturer and the total absence of any association to work through. No. 8.— "LIGHTLESS NIGHTS." The "lightless nights" order was issued on November 9, 1917, and amended on December 14, 1917. This order was rescinded on April 22, 1918. A new order was issued on July 18, 1918, effective on July 24, 1918. This order was vacated as of November 23, 1918. 326 EEPOET OP ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. No. 9.— 10 O'CLOCK OPENING. This order was effective September 1 and removed November 19 and its purjiose was to reduce or cut do-wn the overload during the hours from 7 to 10 a. m. and distribute a portion of the load used by less essential industries to or among those absolutely essential to the production of war materials and, in addition, make possible much needed repairs to generating units, as a protection against hard winter service. The results were entirely satisfactory and exceeded the estimate and more than proved the wisdom of those M'ho planned them, not only by saving the power situation, but by increasing the output of war materials and protecting against shut down the many plants in other States depending on Pittsburgh for raw or semifinished materials, many of these outlying plants having less than two days' supplies. We estimate a saving per annum as a result of this order of 3,860 tons. We summarize the sa%'ings per annum as follows: Tons. No. 1. Steam power plants 669, 012 No. 2. Domestic use 5, 600 No. 6. Skip-stops : 62, 000 No. 8. Lightless nights 178,400 No. 9. 10 o'clock opening 3, 860 Total saving per annum 918, 872 This at $3.25 per ton would be $2,986,334. We have avoided aU detail or comment not directly essential to facts, figures, and results, but take this opportunity to express admiration and appreciation of the Pittsburgh spirit, the " togetherness," and cooperation without which much if not all that has been done could not have been accomplished; we also desire to express our gratitude for your kind assistance and cooperation and that of all those associated with you. Respectfully submitted. Tom R. Brown, Director of Conservation, Pittshurgli District. Pittsburgh, Pa., Fehruary 15, 1919. PITTSBURGH DISTRICT. [Counties ot Allegheny, Westmoreland, Fayette, Greene, Beaver, and Washington; also during winter 1917-18 counties of Lawrence and Armstrong.] Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From — To- Kuhn, D. W ADVISOKT BOARD. McConway, Wm . . Totten, Eoht. D . . Babcook, T. B.... Humphrey, A. L. Ladd, George T... Fuel administrator.. CONSERVATION DIVISION. Kreisinger, Henry. Seaver, Kenneth... Tillotson, Edwin W DEPTITT ADMINISTRATORS. Andrews, H. A... Doty, E. N Griest, M. M Hay, Southard... McClune, S. A... Miller, Joseph T.. MuUiolland, F. J. DISTRICT OITICE PER- SONNEL. Kuhn, H. A Damon, Maj . John C . - Riddle, Frank H Bleininger, Albert V. Hohmeyer Maurie L.. McClung, S. A Billings, C. P Brown, Thomas E Bell, Dorothy Dean. Bond, Marsclean Boyle, Isabel M Carney, Mary Advisory board, district of Pitts- burgh conservation. First deputy fuel administrator. Assistant to administrator Chief power section Chief of conservation Deputy to chief of conservation. Secretary construction division. Director of enforcement Special staff assistant Administrative engineer and director of conservation. Telephone operator ReUef telephone operator Stenographer do Chamber of Commerce Building, Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh. ....do ....do ....do -...do Pittsburgh Farmers Bank Building, burgh. Pittsburgh Pitts- Pittsburgh. do ....do do ....do do .do.. Pittsburgh. do do do do do do do -do. -do. .do. -do. Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh. do do do do 830 Jancey Street, Pittsburgh . Pittsburgh .do. Pittsburgh do ....do ....do ....do 424 Maple Avenue, Edgewood, Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh do do 1720 Broadway, Pittsburgh 2 Beech Avenue, Belle"STie Pittsburgh 435 Locust Street, Pittsburgh.. 209 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh. 4218 Sherrod Street, Pittsburgh. . Pittsburgh Glenwood Road, Ambridge 32 Hoosac Street, Greenfield, Pitts- burgh. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s V Dec. 19,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Aug. 1,1918 do ....do Oct. 18,1917 Jan. 18,1918 Jan. 10,1918 Jan. 22,1918 Dec. 27,1917 Jan. 22,1918 Jan. 19,1918 Nov. 1,1917 July 1,1918 do.. July 15,1918 May 2,1918 Sept. 15,1918 May 2,1918 do Jan. 19,1918 Feb. 20,1918 Sept. 9,1918 Sept. 2,1918 Mar. 27,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 1,1918 Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Oct. 1, 1918 Mar. 1,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Do. Feb. 15,1919 Mar. 9, 1918 Jan. 16,1919 Mar. 1,1919 FEDEEAL FtTEL ADMINISTEATOES. PITTSBURGH DISTRICT— Continued. 327 Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To- DISTRICT OFFICE PER- SONNEL— Continued. CliSord, Marion- Stenographer Pittsburgh 315 Swissvalo Avenue, Pittsburgh . 126 Freoland Street, Beltzhoovcr, Pittsburgh. S S V s 8 S S S s s s s s s s s s s s s s s Aug. 27,1918 July 15,1918 Oct. 20,1917 Oct. 29,1917 Aug. 9,1918 'July"22,'i9i8" Oct. 21,1918 Jan. 18,1918 Oct. 4,1918 Aug. 9,1918 Jan. 7,1918 Mar. 11,1918 Jan. 23,1918 Jan. 24,1918 Aug. 28,1918 Jan. 1,1918 Oct. 1,1918 Oct. 26,1918 Sept. 23, 1918 Sept. 18,1918 Jan. 19,1918 Dee. 1,1918 do Aug. 30,1918 .do Mar. 1,1918 do 325 Henry Avenue, Sewickley 2165 Webster Avenue, Pittsburgh . . Pittsburgh Feb. 15,1919 Aug. 31,1918 Clerk . ..do Green Lillian do .. Lewis, Ena M Clerk . ...do 502A Iroquois Apartments, Pitts- burgh. 107 Dunlap Avenue, N. S., Pitts- burgh. 601 Clyde Street, Pittsburgh 408 Maple Avenue, Edgewood R. F. D. No. 5, Edgewood Acres, Wilkinsbuig. Sewickley Nov. 23,1918 Mar. 1,1919 do .do do Oct. 15,1918 do Feb. 15,1919 Aug. 31,1918 Feb. 5,1918 Mar 24 1918 Milniore, Mabel Mitchell Luella do do do Murphy, Frances E .do Oakland do 1218 Buena Vista Street, Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh O'Bryan, Matthew H . .do Feb, 24,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Mnr 1 1 Ql Q do 143 Short Street, Whitaker Eoroiigh. 420 Maple Avenue, Edgewood 627 Madison Avenue, SfcKeesport. . 6325 Douglas Street, Pittsburgh... 412 Pure "Street, Beaver Palls 806 Bluff Street, Pittsburgh 3845 Dawson Street, Pittsburgh. . . File clerk- stenographer . . .do do Spendiff, Florence E do Mar. 15,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Beaver Falls Walsh, Paul Pittsburgh Wineland, Harvey S Chief clerk do Mar. 15,1919 FUEL COMMITTEES— PITTSBURGH DISTRICT. Name. CITY 7TXEL COMMITTEES. New Brighton: Kenah, R . L. , chairman . Addenbrook, T. W. D . . Antemreith, Earl E... Brulin, John D Weeber, Robt. C COUMTY FUEL COMMITTEEg. Alledieny: Kulm, D . W., chairman. Babcock,F. K Ladd, George T McConway, Wm Toten, Robert D Woods, Edward A Beaver: Piper, W. W., chairman. Ebers,G. T Huth, Adam Mitchell.D. J Rockenstein, J. H. (re- signed). West.A.L Fayette: Barbour^ J. G., chair- man (resigned). Cooke, Wm. H., chair- man (successoi). Official station. New Brighton. do do do do Pittsburgh. do do , do do do , Beaver Falls . Midland Rochester Monaca Beaver Unlontown.. Uniontown . Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Dec. 20,1917 ....do .-..do .-..do ....do Dec. 20,1917 do do do do , do do do do do do....... do July 22,1918 Nov. 24, 1918 To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 23,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Name. COUNTT FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Fayette— Continued: Brownfleld,O.R Connell, Geo. S Galley, Allen Henderson, J. B r--- Jefleries, Frank V Lardin, Frank M Mclntyre, Chas . R Greene: Denny, B. B. W., chair- man. Washington: Duncan, H. B., chair- man. Boyd, J. G Flickinger, L. P FUnt, Lloyd E Westmoreland: Smith, Robt. W., chair- man. Baxter, J. E Hughes, James T Kell, James A Kelly, J. Howard SchaefEer, H. S Whitworth, Jas. S Official station. Uniontown. . . Oonnellsville . Perryopohs.. Vanderbilt... Brownsville. . Uniontown... Fairchance... Waynesburg. Washington.. McDonald Charleroi Monongahela., Greens burg. Monessen... Latrobe Monessen.. Jeannette.. Vandegrilt. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. Prom- July 22,1918 do ....do ....do do ....do ....do Dec. 20,1917 ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. To— Feb. 28, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. RHODE ISLAND. SECTION 1, Statement as to the institution and creation of the Federal fuel admiuistration for Ehode Island, citing authority for such creation and for the subsequent development of the administration. The Federal fuel administration for Ehode Island was created by the appointment of George H. Holmes, Providence, E. I., on September 29, 1917, as Federal fuel administrator for Ehode Island, such appointment being made by United States Fuel Administrator Dr. Harry A. Garfield. The Federal fuel administration for Ehode Island was organized and operated in accordance with authority granted through appointment and as outlined by publications of the United States Fuel Administration. SECTION 2. Executive personnel and executive staff of the Federal fuel administration for Ehode Island and summary of the activities and duties of the persons comprising this personnel and staff. George H. Holmes, Providence, E. I., appointed Federal fuel administrator for Ehode Island by Dr. Harry A. Garfield, United States Fuel Administrator, September 29, 1917, served in this capacity on a volunteer basis until May 18, 1919. During his stewardship the organization came into being and was formed into its different branches, departments, committees, and other subdivisions, practically aU of which remained intact and retained their identity until dissolved by order of the Federal fuel administrator for Ehode Island, January 15, 1919. It was Mr. Hohnes'a task to buUd his organization and to compel it .to perform its duties both at the same 'time, and it is to his efficient and diligent efforts that can be attributed whatever degree of success was attained by the Federal fuel administration for Ehode Island during the fuel crisis of the winter following his appoint- ment. Mr. Holmes's resignation was submitted to the United States Fuel Administration because of demands made upon him by his personal business. Malcolm G. Chace, Providence, E. I., appointed Federal fuel administrator for Ehode Island by Dr. Harry A. Garfield, United States Fuel Administrator, on May 19, 1918, having been appointed on a volunteer basis as successor to the former administrator, still remains in office. The activity of Mr. M. G. Chace in connection with his administration of the office of Federal fuel administrator for Ehode Island resulted in an expansion of his organization and a clearer separation of the duties delegated to the various departments. His policies have been formed in anticipation of probable developments in the fuel situation in Ehode Island; and because of the weU conceived and defined policies outlined by Mr. Chace, and because of the methods which were devised to make his policies operative, many of the difficulities which presented themselves during the early months of the life of this administration did not again materiahze. It has been the general poHcy of Mr. Chace to super- vise the activities of the men at the head of the departments of his organization, but also to delegate to those heads of departments complete authority to carry out the program which had been previously established. J. Taylor Wilson, Providence, E. I., was appointed executive secretary by George H. Hohnes, Federal fuel administrator for Ehode Island, October 15, 1917, in which capacity he served until October 20, 1918, when he was appointed deputy Federal fuel administrator for Ehode Island, in which position he is now serving. The appointments referred to were made on a salaried basis. It has been the duty of Mr. Wilson to superintend the details involved in carrying out executive orders and general policies outHned by the Federal fuel administrator. This general responsibility involved, under the direction of the Federal fuel administrator, the supervision and handhng of all matters pertaining to the business management and operation of the State office, the State office personnel, the various city fuel committees, and other committees and subdivisions of the Federal fuel administration for Ehode Island. It was Mr. Wilson's privilege, as executive secretary, to assist under George H. Holmes in the development and organization of the Federal fuel administration for Ehode Island and under Malcolm G. Chace, as executive secretary and later as deputy fuel administrator, to assist in formulating and in carrying out pohcies and generally to relieve the administrator of a portion of the executive responsibilities of his office. The State advisory board consisted of WUliam A. Viall, Providence; Henry A. Carpenter, Cranston; James E. MacCoU, Pawtucket; Zechariah Chafee, Providence; and Joseph Samuels, Cranston, all of whom served on a volunteer basis. 328 FEDEEAL FUEL ADMINISTKATOKS. 329 In approving the members of the State advisory committee, the United States Fuel Administrator created a body, made up of business men eminent in their various hnes of business, whose advice and assistance the Federal fuel administrator for Khode Island could sohcit in formulating policies and administering his office. Although not called together with great frequency, this committee has served faithfully and it has been not only of moral assistance but of considerable practical aid to this office. The State office executive staff consisted of W. A. S. Kendall, Hyde Park, Mass., director of the investigation division; Prof. William H. Kenerson, Providence, chief of the conservation division; Houghton Metcalf, Provi- dence, director of the distribution division; Edward Gould Chace, Providence, assistant director of the distribu- tion division; Hemy R. Chace, jr.. Providence, assistant to the executive secretary; Herbert W. Greenhalge, Providence, supervisor of water and rail fuel statistics; Eobert B. Jones, Providence, director of the economy division; Helyn A. Walker, Providence, assistant accounting officer, assistant supervisor of State office per- sonnel, and stenographer; and Elizabeth A. Parker, Providence, supervisor of dealers' and industrial fuel sup- ply statistics. Capt. Harold G. Martin, Providence, was attached to the State office of the Federal fuel administration for Rhode Island as representative of the fuel and forage division of the Quartermaster's Department. The foUo-WTng-named members of the wood fuel committee served as volunteer assistants in the Federal fuel administration for Rhode Island from March 18, 1918, to January 15, 1919. This committee was appointed by George H. Hohnes, Federal fuel administrator for Rhode Island, and assumed entire authority over all matters relating to the use of wood as fuel. Wood fuel committee: A. Edward Stene, Rhode Island State College, Kingston; John J. Dunn, secretary, Statehouse, Providence; Jesse B. Mowry, Providence; Sayles B. Steere, Chepachet; R. C. Hawley, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. SECTION 4. This section contains a' historical accoimt of the activities and development of the Federal fuel admin- istration for Rhode Island. The State of Rhode Island has a total population based upon an estimate for the year 1918 of 621,442. In 1910 it was calculated that this State ranked first in density of population, there being well in excess of an average of 500 persons to each square mile. It may be concluded from the previous statement that the inhab- itants are essentially urban in character. A report from authoritative sources contains the statement that, at the present date, in excess of 187,259 persons are employed by Rhode Island manufacturers as wage earners. When viewed from the standpoint of retail distribution of domestic anthracite and the wholesale distribution of industrial fuel, the above facts, pertaining to intensive settlement of domestic consmners in crowded areas and the exceptionally large production in a limited area of manufactured materials, produce certain conclusions, all of which have a direct bearing upon the fuel situation in Rhode Island, and upon the work performed by this administration: First, that the tonnage of domestic fuel consmned in the vState of Rhode Island is greater in proportion to the size of the State than the consumption in any other State of the United States where similar weather conditions exist. Second, that distribution of fuel to domestic consumers is accomplished largely by means of compara- tively short hauls, but requires the maintenance on the part of retail dealers of commensurately large and extensive delivery facilities. Third, that because of the nearness of the intensely populated centers, one to another, domestic fuel supplies can be readily transferred. Fourth, that because of the nearness of the towns in the State, one to another, the prices for domestic fuel supplies should be imiform throughout the State. This conclusion, however, is not strictly logical, for the reason that many interior points, although located but a short distance from tidewater points, receive their fuel supplies exclusively through all-rail shipments. The retail dealers in these localities, not being sub- jected to advance costs, brought about by the large increases in towage and barge rates, are enabled to retaU fuel under slightly lower margins than are the tidewater dealers. Fifth, that the supply of bituminous coal, required by manufacturing establishments, is exceptionally large in proportion to the size of the State. Sixth, that the transfer of bituminous fuel supplies from one point to another, or from one manufacturer to another, can be made through comparatively short hauls. The above information is given in order that subsequent statements referring to some feature peculiar to the State of Rhode Island, and used in relation to some element of fuel distribution, may be more readily imderstood. 330 EEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION April 1, 1916, or the beginning of the coal j'-ear of 1916, found the retail dealers of this S^ate carrying over into their 1916 business fairly liberal supplies of domestic and industrial fuel, which ordered in the previous year had not been taken up in the normal use of such coal. Due to the mildness of the weather experienced during the preceding winter domestic consumers also carried OA'er fair proportions of their winter fuel supply. The coal year of 1916 started, however, with prices prevailing which were considerably higher than the cus- tomary prices in this territory, but which were not exorbitant when viewed from the standpoint of increase in retail dealers' costs. During the following months the retail dealers in the State, although successful in placing orders for their yearly needs, were unable to secure shipments with sufficient regularity to permit them to keep pace with the demand; and early in the coal year of 1913 the price of domestic and industrial fuel was further increased, both to the ultimate consumer and to the distributor. These costs to the distributors were not local in character, and were traceable to scarcity of labor at the mine, abnormal exports to Europe and- South America, and increase of water rates, which in some cases were as high as 490 per cent above normal, the average being about 200 per cent above normal. The chaotic condition which prevailed in the coal market in Providence during the middle and latter part of the coal year of 1916 was caused principally by the facts that, although most local dealers ordered their anthracite coal and placed their contracts for bituminous coal early in the season as was their custom, such orders and contracts, because of demands made by the shippers, were apparently valueless to the purchaser; that mine operators refused early in the season to accept orders or to make contracts on the basis of the April schedule up to the tonnage required; and that, in many cases, coal could be obtained only by paying exorbitant premiums to brokers. Orders for both anthracite and bituminous coal could be placed, therefore, only under conditions which, it is admissible, were not favorable to retail dealers; but as a contributory reason for conditions prevailing as to shortage of fuel and high prices, in fairness to the operators, it can be claimed that retail dealers gen- erally could not be induced to order in large amounts or to place contracts of the usual size early in the season, anticipating that later lower mine prices would prevail. The mine prices, however, remained on the increase, and at a later date the local retail trade was forced into the open market and caused to pay a premium to brokers in order to obtain supplies required. This condition continued unimproved, and it is estimated that up to January 1, 1917, only about 70 per cent of the fuel requirements of the State had been receiA^ed. Stocks of fuel were rapidly depleted during the winter months, and the coal year of 1917 started with practically no supplies available in the Rhode Island coal markets for retail or industrial distribution, with prices of anthracite coal ranging from SH to $12 per net ton, and with bituminous coal commanding a price of from $8 to .^11 per ton; the retail dealers were unable to secure definite agreement from operators as to the tonnage they could anticipate, or as to the time when ship- ments could be made. Although the demand for domestic and industrial fuel exceeded the supply on hand, the majority of domestic consumers and manufacturers, seeking lower prices, refrained from placing orders for their season's requirements until late in 1917. This fact constituted an additional disagreeable element in the prevailing situation, and at the time of the appointment, on October 8, 1917, of a Federal fuel administrator for Rhode Island, conditions were seemingly too complicated and the means of solution apparently too involved and difficult of operation, to permit of a remedy being applied. It will be noted from the above that the appointment of a Federal official as administrator in Rhode Island of matters pertaining to fuel was made at a time when the situation had become acute. Mr. George H. Holmes, in his capacity as administrator, entered office and established headquarters at the Statehouse, Providence, R. I., and with an embryonic organization, consisting of one stenographer and an executive secretary, pro- ceeded to develop plans by means of which the situation might, to some degree, be relieved. These plans for development were formulated in accord with suggestions and authority received from the United States Fuel Administration, and briefly took the form of — (1) The establishment of a field organization known as local fuel committees, constituted under date of October 20, 1917. Each of the eight geographical zone divisions of the State was placed under the jurisdic-' tion of a local fuel committee. (2) The establishment of a State advisory committee, whose function it was to consult with and assist the administrator in the creation of his policies. (3) The formulation of systems by means of which statisticat information could be secured. (4) The formulation of definite policies designed to make effective the general powers possessed by the Federal fuel administrator for Rhode Island. (5) The putting into effect of definite policies through issuance of instructions to all persons whose activi- ties with regard to the handling of fuel were placed by executive orders of the United States Fuel Administration under the supervision of the Federal fuel administrator for Rhode Island. PEDEEAL FTJEL ADMINISTKATOBS. 331 (6) The segregation into departments of the various phases of the executive duties, with increase in exec- utive personnel commensurate with demands. The organization of the local fuel committees was considered as being one of the most important steps in the general plan of development, for it was through the functions of these bodies throughout the State that the bulk of necessary information was obtained and that executive orders issued from the State office were put into operation and made effective. At the time of the appointment of these committees, however, the members were new at work of this kind, and a general educational campaign, designed to acquaint the members with their various duties, was put into effect. At an early date after their appointment all of the committees were established in definite quarters and were performing their duties, which, summed up, were as follows, under the supervision of the State fuel administrator: To determine the prices of various grades of fuel in their several localities and to make recommendations to the State administrator of price schedules which, in their opinions, should be established. To make adjustments of complaints of all fuel shortages. To assist in the distribution of anthracite and bituminous coal and to assist in the carrying out of conserva- tion measures. With the information at hand pertaining to supplies of fuel available in the various sections of the State, to the requirements of the territories embraced by the various zones, and to the possibilities of securing additional fuel suppUes, the State administrator, through channels made available by the United States Fuel Administra- tion, attempted by soUcitation and by diversion to secure sufficient fuel to fill the State's requirements. An appeal made by the administrator to the people of the State, during the month of December, 1917, to urge the adoption of conservation measures already advocated, provides a description of the conditions pre- vailing at that time. An extract from this appeal is quoted as follows: The State fuel administratioii, whose authority is confined largely to powers of distribution within the border^ of the State, has made constant appeals to Washington for relief and is using every means possible to divert coal to Rhode Island, but without satisfactory results. While all the above administrative forces will continue to work diligently to secure a coal supply for this section of the country, the fact remains that it is beyond probability that an adequate supply of coal will be forthcoming for Rhode Island. This leaves the situation where the people themselves must do their part in applying energetic efforts and sacrifice to save coal and to assist the administration in securing more equitable distribution of what coal may be on hand or may arrive from time to time. This must be done in order that oui people may be spared actual suffering and illness in the first place, and, next, that our public utilities may be kept in condition to supply the daily demands of our community, and then to supply those industries upon which our National Government is depending. To accomplish all this means self-sacrifice and patriotism of the noblest type from each and all. It will require curtailment of industry, labor, comfort, profit, and even personal pleasure, but all should cooperate in relie\-ing those most deserving in this emergency. This demands that all surplus stocks of coal, either in residences, factories, or other buildings should be made available for supplying those who are in immediate need. In Providence, Mayor Gainer has issued an appeal for coal from above sources. Such appeals are approved by this administration and wherever made should meet with a hearty response, and in Providence alone should result in securing at least 500 tons for redistribution. The time has now come when the necessities of human life must be recognized as taking precedence over industrial and commercial prosperity, with due regard, of course, for maintaining a living income for the wage earner. In the above description it is stated that this administration was hopeful of securing, by solicitation among private coal owners, a supply of 500 tons of domestic anthracite for redistribution among emergency cases. This statement, when viewed from the fact that the demands for domestic fuel in the city of Providence call for the delivery of approximately 1,400 tons per day, provides a general idea of the critical conditions prevailing during the winter months of 1917. The reasons for the existence of such a condition embrace so many contributory elements, each having a definite bearing upon the general situation, that an attempt to recount all of them in this report will not be made. To enlarge further, however, upon the general situation it may be stated here that dming the winter months of the year 1917 — that is, October, November, and December — only about 60 per cent of the require- ments of this territory were actually received, whereas the demands for both grades of coal, due to war condi- tions, had greatly increased. To add to the difficulty, caused by a shortage of coal at loading points and by the shortage of bottoms in which coal could be transported, the severity of the weather conditions produced a situation heretofore unknown in this territory, in that all of the points of water entry in the State were for a period of more than a month impassably frozen over. Anthracite barges, and even the larger steamers carrying bituminous coal, could not at times, even with the assistance of ice breakers secured through the naval authorities at Newport, E. I., make their way through Newport Harbor and Narragansett Bay, at the head of which Providence, E. I., is located. The Seekonk Eiver which is the entry point for Pawtucket, E. I., was also impassable because of ice conditions. Attempts were made to blast a passage through the channels. This, however, proved impossible and the cities of Providence and Pawtucket, also Westerly, Newport, and Wickford, were forced to rely upon whatever increased all-rail 332 KEPOKT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. shipments could be made. The fact that the densely populated centers in this State, as was before stated, are within short-haul distance one from another, and, therefore, permit of the transfer of fuel, was actually the primary element which prevented further hiunan suffering and commercial hardship. Conservation mSasm-es, at this time instituted by the United States Fuel Administration and by this administration, were strictly applied by those to whom they were advocated, because of the actual need of saving whatever fuel could be obtained. The "closing order" and the "lightless night" order of the United States Fuel Administration, the "rationing" and the "police investigation" order of the State administrator, all produced the desired results, and, because of the acuteness of the situation, met with practically no antag- onism. Of the "closing order" it may be said that although the general effect on the manufacturers of Rhode Island at first was that of consternation and perhaps a slight spirit of antagonism, as the time wore on the situation became more thoroughly understood. 'The order was generally accepted and manufacturing concerns arranged to comply with the order. As is perhaps true of every State administrator's office, the headquarters of the administration in Rhode Island were deluged with inquiries by telephone, by mail, and by persons repre- senting various corporations. The precipitate manner in which the order was launched, of course, prevented any preparation whatever on the part of the State administration or those whom the order affected, but the spirit of cooperation with the demands of the Government made manifest by the manufacturers in this territory, resulted in a complete observance of the "closing order" and in the fact that no real complaints regarding this order were received. It may be stated with regard to the outcome of the situation existing during the latter part of 1917, and the first few months of 1918, that, although it was extremely acute, and although at various times many cen- ters in this State and many manufacturers in the State had less than one day's supply of coal in' stock, this administration has yet to receive definite information to the effect that any deaths resulted from human suffering through lack of coal. During the entire winter, again largely because of the short hauls between manufacturers in this State, this administration has positive knowledge that only six manufacturing establishments were forced to close because of lack of fuel, and that none of these closures existed for a period of over four days. The effort involved on the part of the State administrator and all of his assistants, in the handling of this situation, was unusually great, as time did not permit of a suitable organization being developed to handle the attendant details, and it was only through the conscientious and untiring activity of the personnel of the State office and of the local fuel committees, and the earnest cooperation which this State received from the New England fuel administration, that a calamity was prevented. The demands made upon every member of this administration precipitated the development of well-organized departments, and with the beginning of the coal year of 1918 the Federal fuel administration for Rhode Island was sufficiently equipped and organ- ized to put into effect policies designed to accomplish, in the distribution and supply of fuel, what the pre- vious month's experience had taught was essential. Chief among the necessary policies was the "retail distribution" program of the United States Fuel Admin- istration, based upon an early ordering of domestic fuel by consumers and a complete supervision of the demands of consumers. This plan was put into effect in Rhode Island, as originally advocated by the United States Fuel Administration, and at once met with the approval of retail dealers and consumers in this territory. The formation of the anthracite committee of the United States Fuel Administration, and the direction of fuel by this committee to distributors who received fuel in the year 1916, the attempts made by this committee to secme for such dealers their basic year tonnages, and also the distribution of all anthracite fuel upon a State allotment basis, provided definite means by which this administration could plan locally for the arrival, allotment, and distribution of domestic fuel. At the time when Mr. George H. Holmes resigned his position as Federal fuel administrator for Rhode Island and his successor, Mr. Malcolm G. Chace, was appointed, the fuel situation, although improved, was still far from being normal. The policies put into effect were still in the experimental stage and definite results had not been produced. It was the essential duty, therefore, of the State administrator, at this time to check up definitely the results which the systems were producing. This careful supervision demanded an increased personnel and a clearer separation of the duties allotted to the various departments of this adminis- tration. Some features of the policies were found to be inadequate and immediate changes were introduced. Prices for fuel were also in need of revision, and during the early months of the coal year of 1918, price sched- ules in the various communities in this territory were remodeled to comply Avith the increased costs to dealers both alongside and in delivery. Conservation measures, put into effect by the United States Fuel Administration and the State adminis- trator, among which is the order calhng for a substitution of bituminous coal for anthracite in churches schools theaters, and similar institutions, that which substituted buckwheat sizes of anthracite for larger sizes that FEDEEAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOKS. 333 which curtailed the use of bituminous coal by country clubs, breweries, sanitary ware manufacturers, etc.— all tended to safeguard the interests of domestic consumers. By the employment of the authority to divert coal between manufacturers and dealers, by the minute supervision of receipts and deliveries of retail dealers, by the diversion from one retail dealer to another to cause an equable distribution of domestic coal, by the creation of an equalization pool, so designed that all domestic consumers would receive the same allotment of coal at the same time, and carried out by means of transfer of apphcations, and by the institution of a coal discharging committee, whose function it was to supervise and facilitate the movement of bituminous coal from transportation bottoms to ultimate consumers, a situ- ation was created which resulted, duriag the months of September, October, and November of 1918, in increased efforts on the part of retail dealers, coal discharging pier authorities, and railway officials, in this territory, to move the coal which was brought by rail or water, and on December 1 it was reported to the State admin- istrator that all domestic consumers in the State of Rhode Island, who had made application for fuel, had received two-thirds, or in excess of two-thirds, of their annual requirements. It was observed, at this time, that manufacturers, all of whom had made unusual efforts to procure the coal they needed, had ceased, because of the fact that they had been able to stock their needs, to call for assistance from this office. The mildness of the \nnter conditions, prevailing during the months of December, 1918, and January and February, 1919, constituted an important factor in the coal situation, and,it can be estimated, with fair accuracy, that the demands for domestic fuel in this territory during the coal year of 1918, and the amount of domestic coal consumed during the same period, will approximate only two-thirds of the normal demand and consumption. With the cessation of hostilities, the demand for industrial fuel fell off immediately, and since the 1st of February, 1919, the situation has been so nearly normal that the regulations and supervision of the Federal fuel administration for Rhode Island have been rapidly withdrawn. On March 1, 1919, all the activities of this administration had been discontinued, the field organization, the State advisory committee, and personnel of the State office, with the exception of two employees, had been discharged from service, and on March 27, 1919, after having disposed of all office equipment belonging to the Government, and after having submitted all reports called for, the Federal fuel administration for Rhode Island, with the resignation of Mr. Malcohn G. Chace, as State administrator, ceased to exist. It was not thought advisable in the foregoing body of this report to record any information or data relat- ing to prices of fuel or their establishment, but rather to submit this information as a report in itself in condensed form, with only brief reference to events which, during a certain period, called for a revision in local price schedules. Prices in Rhode Island were established by means of the same method which was employed by all State administrators, and as advocated by the United States Fuel Administration. It is, briefly as follows: The local fuel committees, by calling for information from dealers, ascertained the price of coal delivered alongside or in dealer's yard by rail, and to that price added the margin, which at any particular time seemed to the committee fair, in view of actual handling and delivery costs. After the determination of the alongside aveiage and the gross margin average, a price per net ton was recommended by the local fuel committee chairman to the State administrator. Such recommendations were made upon form sheets and when approved were referred again to local fuel committee chairmen, who notified each dealer in the various zones over the signatmre of the chairman and the committee members, of the authorized price in that locality. The prices were thus established and were printed in proper form for display in the office of each retail dealer. At the time of the establishment of the Federal fuel administration for Rhode Island, the price of domestic anthracite ranged from $11.50 to S12 per net ton, and was steadily increasing as supplies were depleted and the demand increased. Recommendations for the establishment of the first price schedule, to be regulated imder the supervision of the Federal fuel administration for Rhode Island, were made to the State admis- istrator December 5, 1917, and were approved, announced, and made effective December 11, 1917. The price of pea coal (white ash) was $9 or $9.25, and of broken, egg, stove, and chestnut, the price ranged from $9.75 to $10.50 per ton, if deKvered within a radius of 2 miles of the yard. There was a charge of 20 cents per ton for a mile or fraction thereof beyond a 2-mne radius. The above prices were per net ton delivered and hinned on first floor or basement, and an additional charge of 15 cents, or at the rate of 30 cents per ton, was allowed for delivery in one-half ton lots. It may be noted from the above schedule and from a previous statement that the retail price of anthracite was considerably lowered by the original price recommendations, so much so in fact that it was soon demon- strated that local retail dealers could not distribute fuel under the original prices established and make a fair return in their business. On December 27, therefore, a new schedule was authorized which brought the price of domestic sizes of white ash anthracite, generally throughout the State, to $10.50 per net ton, which price 334 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. prevailed until February 23, 1918, when, because of labor conditions and inability of dealers to secure sufficient coal tonnage, recommendations were made and approved establishing a price for white ash domestic sizes of anthracite of $11 per net ton. During the following months of the year 1918 mine prices, because of labor conditions, were considerably advanced; local labor costs for trimmers and teamsters were almost doubled; and water rates, including barge and towage rates, were increased to a point heretofore unknown. During this period various retail prices pre- vailed in the different territories in this State, varying from 111 to $12.50 per net ton for coal delivered, and regardless of solicitation on the part of retail dealers for higher retail prices, the $12.50 schedule established November 21, 1918, still prevails. Submitted by J. T. Wilson, Deputy Federal Fuel Administrator, For Malcolm G. Chace, Federal Fuel Administrator for Rhode Island. Providence, R. I., March 31, 1919. ACTIVITIES OF BUREAU OF CONSERVATION NOVEMBER 1, 1917, TO FEBRUARY IS, 1919. Prof. Wm. H. Kenerson, chief conservation division, Rhode Island fuel administration, being called to France to assume Government duties, was unable to submit the report called for. The report, therefore, has been compiled from data assembled from his records and from records of the statistical division of the Federal fuel administration for Rhode Island. The conservation division of the Federal fuel administration for Rhode Island was organized soon after the appointment on September 29, 1917, of Mr. George H. Holmes, fuel administrator. This organization, at the time of its inception, was directed by Robert B. Jones, of Providence, R. I., who assumed his duties on November 16, 1917. As his assistants at that time, several clerks were employed, who devoted their time almost exclusively to the proper listing of industrial organizations and miscellaneous users of anthracite and bituminous coal. Under Robert B. Jones, who resigned his position January 30, 1918, a well established program for work in con- nection with industrial and domestic conservation was outlined, the proper card files prepared, and necessary information gathered through the medium of questionnaires. Our efforts with regard to conservation of fuel, at this time, were not overenthusiasticaUy supported, but naturally with the coming of colder weather, not only the domestic consumers themselves, but aU users of fuel — ^merchants, schools, food manufacturers, laun- dries, etc. — offered earnest cooperation. Manufacturers who had previously been very reluctant to accept our instructions, at this time through necessity adopted the methods suggested by our industrial division and have until the present time contiaued to profit by their action in this regard. After the resignation of Mr. Jones, Mr. J. T. Wilson, executive secretary of the Federal fuel administration for Rhode Island, was given authority over matters concerning conservation of fuel. The poUcy originally outlined was continued during the period from January, 1918, until October, 1918, when the conservation division was put on a definite and well organized basis, under the directorship of Prof. William H. Kenerson, of Brown University, who assumed his duties as chief of the conservation division. During the administration of the office of direc-or of conservation, imder Mr. Wilson, the chambers of com- merce in the various communities in Rhode Island were successful in influencing business houses, office buildings, etc., to curtail the length of the business day, in order that fuel might be conserved. On January 18 the "Closing order" of the United States Fuel Administration became effective. On January 29 an extension was made by the business men of the different communities, in the original plan of curtailing business hours. On January 30 the "Lightless night" regulation, which had been made effective January 26, was modified and extended. On February 1 1 the business men in the various communities in the State, in conference with our local fuel committees, voted of their own accord to continue the curtailment regulations which had already been put into effect. On March 6 the "Lightless night" order was suspended, the reason being that the emergency which had existed through the winter had ceased to exist. On March 18 a wood fuel committee was organized to superintend the work in connection with a campaign designed to increase the use of wood as fuel, and was composed of Mr. A. Edward Stene, chairman; John J. Dunn, secretary; Jesse B. Mowry, Sayles B. Steere, and R. C. Hawley. TEDBEAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 335 On Marcti 25 the "Closing order" of January 17 was suspended. The ahove statement of events is given as a skeleton of the conservation work which was handled by this administration from January to April 1, 1918. The detail connected with putting into effect the various measures spoken of was of necessity burdensome, and the problems which demanded solution were of a nature which called for prompt action. The measures, namely, the "Business curtailment plan," the "Lightless night" regulation, and the "Closing order, " were not at first received cordially, but the lack of violations as reported to this office by our investigation division indicated conclusively that the great majority of the people in this territory, through a reahzation of the necessity which existed, observed strictly the regulations that were made. During the first week in April the retail distribution program was put into effect by this administration and until September 18, 1918, retail dealers in the various commimities in the State of Rhode Island were per- mitted to deUver only one-third of their consumers' normal annual requirements of anthracite coal. By degrees this order was further modified, untU on November 21 retail dealers were permitted to deliver to their customerstwo-thirdsoftheirrequirements;anditwasnot until the 1st of January, 1919, that domestic consumers were permitted to purchase and store 100 per cent of their anthracite needs. The working out of this retail distri- bution program involved enormous clerical labor, but the results accomphshed, which were undoubtedly due to this system, were highly satisfactory, and assisted by the mild weather which has prevailed, have prevented the shortage and a crisis which had been anticipated. In addition, however, to the regulations above spoken of, the conservation division, on May 24, issued regulations which prevented the deHvery of anthracite coal to churches, schools, office buildings, and similar institutions. Through this substitution of bituminous coal, the State of Rhode Island placed itself in a position which called forth disagreeable criticism, but which guaranteed a sufficient supply of anthracite coal to domestic consumers. The system, however, provided for an inspection of boiler plants by competent engineers, who, after they foimd that a certain institution could not successfully burn bitmninous coal, made recommendation to secure the necessary anthracite. The regulation was rigidly enforced, and we can estimate that approximately 65,000 tons of anthracite coal, in addition to normal supplies^ were made available for domestic consumers. This regulation was suspended on December 2, 1918, when we observed the surprising result that only a very small proportion of the anthracite users who had been restricted dispensed with the use of bitiuninous coal. Prof. WiUiam H. Kenerson, on October 10, selected Mr. Arthur N. Sheldon, of Providence, as his assistant in the conservation division; and as a report from the work which they accomplished, and which was brought to an end by the end of the war, the attached statement of the inspection of industrial plants and of the rating of them is submitted. This administration has discontinued the enforcement of all conservation measures, but undoubtedly the majority of those who have benefited through the adoption, in the past, of the suggestions made by this adminis- tration, will continue in their practices. The following statistics, which we submit as estimates of the results accomplished by our conservation measures, have been compiled by reference to reports of our conservation division and to records of our statistical division and are as accurate as it is possible to make them. stationary steam plants. Bituminous. Anthracite. Coal saved in the State of Rhode Island during the life of the Fuel Administration 1390,554 ■98,975 260,000 12,000 Domestic consumers - 25,666 6,000 4,000 4,500 Consolidation or interconnection of central stations riosing down of isolated plants. . . ' Net tons. Coal saved through operation of "closing order" of January 17, 1918, as shown from reports received from 364 manufacturers and miscellaneous users of coal in Rhode Island: ' Bituminous. Anthracite. Tons saved Jan. 18 to 22, 1918 8,420 1,481 1,414 852 257 266 Tons saved Feb. 4 Total 11,315 1,375 336 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. The number of coal users reporting the adoption of one or more conservation measures to this administra- tion are as follows: Food manufacturers 107 Schools and State institutions 74 Laundries 36 Public utilities 24 Miscellaneous 188 Industrial manufacturers 551 Total 980 In closing it must be admitted that the conservation activities of the Federal fuel administation for Rhode Island have not been always considered as being of as much importance as work in other branches, and, therefore, the department has not been so well organized, nor has it accomplished so much as the other departments of this administration. We have felt, after our experience of last winter, that rather than expend additional moneys to develop our conservation division, we would rely upon the certain fact that every possible conservation measure would be put into effect by the domestic consumers because of the necessity of conserving the coal which they secured on their allotment. We can, however, see from the results of our various educational campaigns that the conservation of raw materials has been one of the big determining factors in the victorious conclusion of the war. Respectfully submitted. J. T. Wilson, Deputy Federal Fuel Administrator for Rhode Island. Providence, R. I., March 31, 1919. RHODE ISLAND. Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From- To- Holmes, George H. Chaoe, Malcolm G. . State fuel administrator. ..-.do Statehouse, Providence. ....do STATE ADVISORY BOAKD. Viall, William A Carpenter, Henry A. MacColl, James E Chafee, Zechariaii . . Samuels, Joseph Providence.. Cranston Pawtuoket.. Providence. . Cranston STATE OCTICE PERSONNEL. Wilson, J. Taylor Kendall, William A. S. Kenerson^ W. H. . . Metcalf, Houghton. Alden, Edith M.... Bosworth, Roswell S Eraunstein, Mollie A... Brennan, Margaret E ... Broomhead, F. C Burton, Fletcher P . . . . Chace, Edward Gould.. Chace, Hem-y E., jr. Dunn, Katherin M. . Foster, E.M , Frost, Mrs. Dorothy C . . (N«e D. M. Campbell). Greenhalge , H. W Hanley, Helen A Hanleir, Margaret J Jones, Robert B Lamb, Ruth C McDevitt, Mary C McNamara, Eveleen M.. O'Leary T. F Parker, Elizabeth A . . . . Pratt, Isabel E Potter, A. C Eydberg, C. M Sheldon, Arthur N. Southwick, E. 0... Walker, Helyn A Whitcomb, Dorothy. . , Withington, Margaret., /Executive secretary \Deputy fuel administrator . Director of investigation . . . ■Statehouse, Providence. ....do chief of conservation Director distribution division . Stenographer Clerk, statistical department Stenographer Clerk Director statistical division Clerk, discharging committee . . . Assistant director distribution division. Assistant to secretary Assistant to director distribution division. Clerk Assistant economy department.. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do- 31 Weybosset Street, Providence, Statehouse, Providence .do. .do. .do. .do. Clerk, statistical division Clerk Stenographer Director economy division Clerk do Stenographer OfRce boy Clerk do Director investigation depart- ment. Stenographer Assistant administrative engi- neer. Director fuel receipts , anthracite and bituminous. Assistant and stenographer Telephone operator Clerk .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. 307 Hope Street, Providence 79 WilUams Street, Providence. Providence.. Cranston Pawtucket. . Providence.. Cranston 21 Grotto Avenue, Providence 62 Williams Avenue, Hyde Park, Mass. 100 Morris Avenue, Providence 78 Grotto Avenue, Providence 1122 Narragansett Boulevard,Prov- idence. Bristol 107 Hope Street, Providence 901 North Main Street, Providence. Providence 92 Elmgrove Avenue, Providence. 130 Prospect Street, Providence. . 129 Brown Street, Providence 123 Governor Street, Providence - Providence 19 Barnes Street, Providence. 55 Mulberry Street, Providence .. 54 Fairview Street, Providence. . . .do. 168 Lloyd Avenue, Providence... 97 Vemdale Avenue, Providence. Providence 48 Hudson Street, Providence 226 Laban Street, Providence 98 Meeting Street, Providence 62 Lloyd Avenue, Providence Providence .do. 21 Wesleyan Avenue, Providence Providence 127 Howell Street, Providence 319 Friendship Street, Providence. 5 Hunting Street, North Attleboro, Mass. V V V V V V V S s s s s V s V .s s s s s s s s V s s V s s s Sept. 29, 1917 May 19,1918 Oct. 16,1917 ....do ....do , ....do — do , /Oct. 15,1917 lOot. 21,1918 July 18,1918 Oct. 26,1918 June 24,1918 Jan. 9,1918 Dec. Mar. June Deo. Aug. Sept. Dec. /Jan. ijuly July 7. 1917 21,1918 24, 1918 12, 1917 19,1918 1,1918 7. 1918 9, 1918 1,1918 8,1918 Aug. 21,1918 Jan. 3, 1918 Aug. 13, 1918 Nov. 18,1918 26, 1918 W, 1918 16,1917 _ 1,1918 Jtme 25,1918 Nov. 6, 1917 July 11,1918 Feb. 1,1918 ....do Aug. Jan. Nov. Aug. Deo. 29,1917 Oct. 10,1918 May 19,1918 Mar. 27,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 20,1918 Mar. 25,1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Jan. 1,1919 Deo. 31,1918 Mar. 25,1919 Feb. Nov. Aug. Jan. Sept. .Jan. June Aug. Feb. 23, 1918 30,1918 30, 1918 1, 1918 30, 1918 1,1919 30, 1918 31,1918 1,1919 Aug. 28,1918 Mar. 23,1918 ►Feb. 1,191S. Oct. 8, 1917 July 16,1918 Aug. 28,1918 Deo. Jan. Jan. Dec. July Dec. Sept. Feb. Feb. Jan. Jan. 7. 1918 7. 1919 30, 1918 7, 1918 18, 1918 31,1917 7, 1918 1,1919 28,1918 5,1918 1,1919 Jan. 16,1919 Feb. 1,1919 Deo. 7, 1918 FEDEKAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOBS. ^2,1 RHODE ISLAND— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. WOOD FUEL COMMITTEE. Stene, A. Edward Dunn, John J., jr Mowry, Jesse B Steere, Sayles B Hawley, E. C , CITY FUEL COMMITTEES. (Zone 1: Towns o£ Burrill- vllle, Cumberland, North Smithville, ana Woonsocket.) GeteheU H. E Brown, William J Levy, Austin T (Zone 2: Towns of Central ■ Falls, Lincoln, and Paw- tuctet.) McGregor. William Jencks, Albert A Easton, Frederic W Pervear, Charles E Brown, H. E (Zone 3: Towns of North Providence and Provi- dence.) Sherman, D. F Famsworth, J. P.. Greenough, J. F... Dana, FredericI Salisbr.ry, Everett E. Goff, Adelbert Spencer, Edward Degnan, Alice Title. Secretary. Chairman. Chairman. Clerk... do. Chairman. Sonne, Paul O (Zone 4: Towns of Bar- lington, Bristol, and Warren.) Williams, Dr. W. Fred... . Cady, Edwin A (Zone 5: Towns of James- town, Middletown, New- port, Portsmouth, and Tiverton.) Beck, Dr. Horace P Buckiout, George N Berry, Warren T Warmg, George H Lester, C. Christine (Zone 6.— Towns of Clans- ton, Johnston, and Scit- uate.) Fulford,H Carpenter, A. E GiU,WUliamC Clerk Stenographer.. Clerk Chairman. Chairman. Secretary.. Chairman. Levy, Austin T. (Zone 7. — Towns of Cov- entry, East Greenwich, Warwick, and West Warwick.) Hodgman, William L James, William G Woolley, Frank F.. Brown, Henry E... (Zone 8.— Towns of Hop- klnton, Kingston^Narra- gansett, North Kings- ton, Bichmond, South Kingston,and Westerly.) Cottrell, Charles P Buffum, F.C (Zone 9.— Towns of North Kingston and Exeter.) Dyer, William O (Zone 10: Towns of Narra- gansett and South Kingston.) Haiard, Thomas G., Jr (Zone II: Town of New Shoreham.) Negus, R. Adelbert Chairman. Chairman. Chairman. Chairman. Chairman. Oihoial station. Shode Island State College, Kingston. Eoom 129, Statehouse, Provi- dence. ' 276 Washington Street, Provi- dence. Master of State Grange, Che- pachet. Yale University, New Haven, Conn. 205 Prospect Street, Woonsocket do. Harrisville. 308 High Street, Pawtucket. . . 320 Dexter Street, Pawtucket. 162 East Avenue, Pawtucket- . 308 High Street, Pawtucket.. 252 High Street, Pawtucket. . 123 Waterman Street, Provi- dence. 104 Prospect Street, Providence. . 32 Westminster Street, Provi- dence. 85 Weybosset Street, Providence. Atlantic Mills, Olneyville 29 Weybosset Street, Providence. CJomplaint Bureau, Providence. . .do. 249 Hope Street, Bristol. , Warren 122 Touro Street, Newport Touro and Mary Streets, New- port. 22 Greenough Place, Newport.. Tiverton City Hall, Newport Cranston 199 Greenville Avenue, Manton 1189 Plainfleld Street, Provi- dence. Harrisville East Greenwich 1312 Narragansett Boulevard, Providence. Anthony , P. O. Box 66, Phenix Westerly.. do Davisville.. Narragansett Pier. Block Island. Home address. Kingston Providence do Chepachet New Haven, Conn. Woonsocket. . do Harrisville... Pawtucket. ....do ....do ....do do Providence.. .do. .do. ....do Olneyville ™ Providence 3 Price Street, Providence 184 Vincent Avenue, East Provi- dence. 74 Woodbine Street, Providence. . Bristol. . Warren. Neisroort. do Tiverton 12 Tyler Street, Newport.. Cranston Manton Providence.. Harrisville.. 66 South Mam Street, Providence. Providence Anthony. . Phenix..,. Westerly. do Davisville.. Narragansett Pier. Block Island Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V S V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Mar. 18,1918 ....do ....do ....do ....do Oct. 16,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Aug. 19,1918 Feb. 5, 1918 Oct. 16,1917 .do. .do. ....do ....do ....do Jan. 2,1918 Jan. . 25, 1918 Dec. 17,1917 Oct. 16,1917 do .do. .do. ....do do Jan. 22,1918 Oct. 16,1917 ....do Oct. 20,1917 Oct. 16,1917 ....do ....do ....do Apr. 24,1918 Oct. 16,1917 ....do... Apr. 24,1918 Oct. 16,1917 .do- To— Jan. 16,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 11,1819 Mar. 31,1918 Jan. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 11,1919 Do. Apr. 30,1918 Jan. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 4, 1919 Apr. 24,1918 Jan. 16,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 122602—20- -22 SOUTH CAROLINA. DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT. Mr. B. B. Gossett was appointed Federal fuel administrator for South Carolina on October 24, 1917. The office of the Federal fuel administration for South Carolina was opened ia Anderson, S. C, in Mr. Gossett's house on November 1, 1917. PERSONAL. Mr. Gossett was born in Williamston, S. C, and educated at the Williamston High School. Afterwards he entered the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, of which institution he was a full graduate. Mr. Gossett's father is largely interested in cotton manufacturing in South Carolina. At the solicitation of his father, Mr. Gossett resigned from the Navy and spent, several years as his father's assistant. Later he was offered the position of president and treasurer of the Riverside Cotton Mills, Anderson, S. C, and also of the Toxaway Cotton Mills, located at the same place. He proved himself a successful executive and manufacturer. At the time when he accepted the office of the Federal fuel administration for South Carolma he had added to his responsibilities by accepting the place of president and treasurer of the Pendleton Cotton MUls, Pendleton, S. C. ORGANIZATION. The affairs of the fuel administration for South Carolina have been under the supervision of the State fuel administrator. Each county of the State has been directly in charge of a local chairman, who represented his county in all reports and appeals to the State fuel administration. There has also been an advisory board, consisting of a prominent citizen from each of the seven congressional districts of the State. Each of the larger cities had a chairman, who looked after the needs of his particular city. CHANGE OF ADMINISTRATION. Mr. Gossett handed in his resignation to take effect on October 25^ 1918. For some months previous Mr. Gossett had felt under compulsion to give his services to his country. He had rendered this State a splendid service, and pressure was brought upon him to induce him to continue as fuel administrator. He entered the Army on November 1, 1918, as captain in the Chemical Warfare Service. B. E. Geer, Greenville, S. C, was appointed Federal fuel administrator for South Carolina, vice Mr. Gossett, resigned. His term of office began October 25, 1918. On November 1, 1918, the office of fuel administrator was moved to GreenvUle, S. C. Since the establishment of the South Carolina fuel administration Mr. Geer had been associated with Mr. Gossett as deputy Federal fuel administrator for South Carolina. EXECUTIVE SECRETARIES. There have been three executive secretaries during the administration. Mr. S. H. Lander organized the office and later resigned to go into the Army. His place was taken by Mr. J. H. Godfrey, who died in October, 1918. Mr. Godfrey's place was taken by Mr. A. E. Hohnan, who is now the executive secretary. Too much praise can not be given to the men and women who really did the work of the office. Their labors have been characterized by faithfulness and efficiency. Yours, respectfully, B. E. Geer, Federal Fuel Administrator for South Carolina. Greenville, S. C, December 31,1918. 338 FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 339 SOUTH CAROLINA. Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From — To— Gossett.B.B V V Oct, 21,1917 Nov. 5,1917 Oct. 25,1918 Nov. 6,1917 do do do do do do do Oct. 29,1917 Dec, 1,1917 Sept, 9,1918 Oct. 25,1918 Geer,B. E /Deputy fuel administrator Greenville Greenville Do. Mar. 27,1919 Feb. 28,1919 STATE ADVISORY BOAED. Watkins.H.H Chairman Anderson V V V V V V V V S s s V s s s s s s s s V Aoree, Russell Do, Cope, John H Bamberg Do. Lawton, T. o Do. Mauldin, I. M Columbia • Do. Meiklejolin, L. A Do, Moore, Lelaud Do, Strauss, I. C Do, STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. T,*\Tlflfir, H, H" Executive secretary Anderson Feb. 11,1918 Godfrey, J.H. (deceased).. do do . . 716 "West Whitney Street, Ander- son. 226 East FranklrnStrcet, Anderson. Oct. 11,1918 do Greenville Columbia Anderson do... Jan. 31, 1919 Chairman cotton mill oil division 317 Society Street, Anderson Anderson Aug. 13,1918 Dec. 1, 1917 do do Nov, 1,1917 Nov. 15,1917 Oct. 29,1917 Nov. 15,1917 Ian. 5,1918 Nov. 10,1918 Banks, WiUiara Public agent Dec. 6, 1917 Hudgens, Mrs. L. T 129 East Earle Street, Anderson. . . Columbia New Mansion House, Greenville... Anderson St. James Hotel,, Anderson Mar, 15,1919 Mar. 1, 1918 Moss, BufBe .do.. . Greenville Jan 31 1919 Neeley, J. Alex Clert Anderson do Mar, 1, 1918 Dickens, Jessie C Typewnter .. Oct 1 1918 Rosenberg, Gittle Aug. 10,1918 Thomas, Henry G Special agent-. Columbia Columbia . FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. CITT FUEL COMMITTEES. Anderson: Prince, S. L., chairman . Sanders, Dr. J. O Crayton, F. B Charleston: Visanska, J. M., cliair- man. . Geer.A.J Columbia: West, W. Bj chairman.. DuPre.M.B KeUy, Charles Greenville: Beecham, William C, chairman. Manning, V, M., nhair- man. Lawton, T. O., jr., cliair- man. Alien, CO Bramlett, J. T Rock Hill: O'Neal, J. W., chairman. BamweU, John Creighton, J. B Spartanburg: Law, A. W,, chairman. Calven, Arch. B,, chair- man. Allen, J.S Ferguson, R. H Sumter: Belser, R. B., clialrman Moses, Henry P Hurst, G.E Official station. Anderson.. Greenville.. do Charleston. do Columbia... do do COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES. Abbeville: Hill, D. H., chairman. . Henry, Albert Bristow, Otto Ashhurst, J. W., chair- man. Anderson: Vandiver, E. P., chair- man. Jones, C. C Mitchell, Ross Moore, G.E Haynie, W. R Greenville.. ....do .do... .do., .do.. Rock HiU. do do , Spartanburg. do .do., -do.. Sumter.. ....do... ....do... Abbeville. ....do ....do Aiken. Anderson. Starr Belton Honea Path. Belton Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov, 1,1917 Nov, 5,1917 do do do do do do do Mar. 30,1918 Apr. 16,1918 Nov. 5,1917 ....do ..do.... ..do.... ..do.... do Nov, 2,1918 Nov, 5,1917 do ..do... ..do... ..do... Nov. 5,1917 do ....do Deo. 15,1917 Nov. 6,1917 do Sept, 3,1918 Sept. 20,1918 Nov. 5,1917 Feb, 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 30,1918 Apr. 16,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct, 30,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do, Do. Do. Do, Do, Feb. 28,1919 Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Sept, 3,1918 Name, COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Bamberg: ■Wyman, J, A,, chair- man. Price, J. W Faust, W. H Neely, G. M Hughes, E.E Barnwell: Lake, W. E., jr., chair- man. Lemon, A. A., chairman. Beaufort: Danner, Chas. E., chair- man, Politzer, Hal, R,, chair- man. Calhoun: Murray, J. A,, chairman. Peterkin, W. G Summers, S. J Charleston: Loftin, R. M., chairman. Cherokee: Littlejohn, H, H., chair- man, Pridmore, J, G Chester: Lewis, M, S,, chairman. . Sims, R, E,, chairman.. Aiken, A. M; Irvin, N. J Chesteraeld: Chapman, Robert, chair- man. Evans, L, M Rivers, J, C Clarendon: Breedin, J. K., chair- man. Colleton: Cone, P. F., chairman. . . Black, H.W Darlington: Dargan, Geo. E., chair- man, Rogers, P, H,, jr., chair- man. Watson, J. F Boatwright, P.J Dillon: MuUer, W. H., chairman. Official station. Bamberg., .do.. Denmark. Olar Ehrhardt. Barnwell.. do Beaufort.. ....do St. Matthews.. Fort Motte Cameron McClellanville. Gafiney ....do Chester. . Gaffney. Chester.. ....do... Cheraw. .do- Chesterfield. Maiming Lodge Walterboro . . DarUngton. Hartsville. . Lamar Darlington. Dillon Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 5,1917 do do , do do Nov. 24,1917 June 25,1918 do June 6, 1918 Dec. 10,1917 Dec. 14,1917 do Nov, 5,1917 July 19,1918 Jan. 1,1918 Nov. 5, 1917 Aug. 22,1918 Nov. 5, 1917 do To— .do.. .do., .do.. do.... ....do ....do ....do Mar, 26,1918 Nov. 5,1917 ....do ..do... Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. June 24,1918 Feb. 28,1919 June 5, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug, 22,1918 Feb, 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 26,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. 340 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIYISION. SOUTH CAROLINA— Continued. FDEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEEa— continued. Dorchester: Prettyman, F. P., chair- man. Home, J. Olin Edgefield: Adams, W. W., chair- man. Cantelou, J. H., oliair- man. Fairfleld: Walker, D. V., chair- man. Patrick, W.M Boyd, J. B Florence: Rogers, Julien C, chair- man. Hicks, J. Wy chairman- . Collins, E.C! Severenee, W. M Georgetown: Kamiuski, E. W., chair- man. Greenville: Garrett, D. M., chair- man. Wood, John Wakefield, J. E Greenwood: Watson, H. L., chair- man. Horry: Spivey, J. C, chairman. Jasper: ■ Wise, John P., chair- man. Eershaw: Kirkland, L. A., chair- man. iang,M.G Whittaker, C. C Welch, Gus Lancaster: Wylle, R. E., chairman Green, John T Robinson, W. P Laurens: McCuen, W. R., chair- man. Martin, N. v.. , Smith, M.L , Lee: Corbett, J. S., chairman. Cousar, J. E , Des Champs, J.N Grifan,J.N Shaw, D. L , Hearon, E. N Lexington: Timmerman, G. B., chairman. Jones, A. C, chairman. . Marion: Johnson, J. W., chair- man. Sloan, C. TV chairman.. McMillan, Hoyt Marlboro: Miller, E. P., chairman. . Pratt, R.M McCall, T. E OfBcial station. Summerville. St. George.... EdgevlUe ....do Winnsboro. . Woodward.. Ridgeway... Florence ....do Timmonsville. Lake City Georgetown. Fountain Inn. Greer Piedmont. Greenwood.. Conway Eidgeland.. Camden Bethune . . Camden. - Kershaw. Lancaster. ....do ....do Laurens.. Clinton.. Laurens.. Bishopvllle.. do ElUot. Lynchburg.. St. Charles.. Alcot Lexington.. Batesburg.. Marion ....do... MulUns.. Bennettsville. ....do ....do Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Nov. 5,1917 Nov. 19,1918 Nov. 5,1917 Aug. 20,1918 Nov. 5,1917 ....do ....do ....do Apr. 28,1918 Nov. 5,1917 do ....do .do.. .do., .do.. Nov. 2,1917 Nov. 5.1917 ....do ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do Jan. 21,1918 Nov. 5,1917 ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ....do May 15,1918 Nov. 5,1917 Sept. 30, 1918 Nov. 5,1917 Nov. 5,1917 Jan. 1, 1918 ....do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Aug. 20,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Apr. 26,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. May 9, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Sept. 30, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. McCormick: Bradley, J. E., chair- man. Ariall, R. L Owens, Robert Newberry: MoCaughrin, J. N., chair- man. Keitt, Joseph L Wheeler, J. S Oconee: Doyle, E. C, chairman. Breazeale, J. C Seaborne, George Orangeburg: Salley, J. Stokes, chair- man. Albergotti, J. M Barton, W.S Atkinson, W. E Gleaton, M. T Martin, W.C • Livingston, J. A Mittle, E.N Pickens: Robinson, W. W., chair- man. Gary.F. A Morgan, F. B Richland: Simpson, John W. , chair- man. Earner, R. P Hardin, L. L Saluda: Carson, J. A., chairman.. Spartanburg: Law, A. M., chairman, (resigned). Calvert, Arch. B., chair- man. Simpson, W. W Anderson, D. Bui-st Sumter: Cuttino, C. L., chairman. Crouch, J. B Keels, D. V Oliver, B.M Bowman, Paul Bland, J. F Union: Nicholson, S h e p a r d, chairman. Alston, B. F., jr., chair- man. Colton, W. W Rice, L. M Hames, H. T Deaver, M. C Fant. J. Roy Williamsbmg: McCutcheon, Hugh, chairman. Logan, George P S-ork: Beamguard, W. T., chairman. James, H. B Pursley, J. F Pratt, S. B Wilkerson, J Official station. McCormick.. Willington.. McCormick.. Newberry. . . ....do Prosperity. Seneca Westminister. Walhalla Orangeburg... do do .do.. Springfield. . Branchvllle. North Bowman Easley. Liberty. Central.. Columbia. Acton Columbia. Saluda. Spartanburg. ....do Woodruff. Moore Sumter Wedgefleld., Remberts . . . Oswego DalzeTl Mayesville . . Union .do. ....do.... ....do.... Jonesville . Carlisle Lockhart . Kingstree . -...do.... Glover York Glover Sharon Hickory Grove . Volun- teer ort salary. Served. From — V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 6,1917 ....do ....do ....do .do., .do.. ....do ....do ....do do Nov. 16,1917 d6... do do do do do Nov. 5,1917 To— .do.. .do.. do do do do do Nov. 2,1918 Nov. 5,1917 do -do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ....do Feb. 11,1918 Nov. 15,1917 -.-.do -.-.do ....do ....do Nov. 6,1917 --..do do..;.... .do. .do. .do. .do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 30,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 11,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. SOUTH DAKOTA. A brief synopsis of the work iinder taken and carried on by this office would include the following: Uniform gross retail margins were established for the State. Monthly reports were received from all retail dealers (approximately 1,300) showing the amount of coal of each kind purchased and the price paid therefor, also the amount sold and the price received therefor. As a result of careful checking there was returned to consumers by retail dealers up to June 22, 1918, $9,715.66, which represented excess margins wrongfully collected from consumers. This office has also directed the distribution of the entire allotment of anthracite made to the State, viz, 185,920 net tons to the various retail dealers; out of this allotment 125,685 net tons, being 72.96 per cent of our State's allotment, were moved from the docks up to November 29, 1918. We wish to state that this plan of distribution is meeting with the approval of the retail dealers of our State, and no complaints are being received regarding unfair distribution, such as were received during the coal year of 1917-18, when the distribution of anthracite was allowed to proceed through the usual business channels. This office has also participated and used its influence in placing before the public of this State the various conservation programs that have from time to time emanated from the Fuel Administration, Washington, D. C. The expenditures of this office for the calendar year 1918, covering both State organization expense and conservation expense, amount to $5,750.45. The expenses for December have been partially estimated. Yours, truly, W. G. BiCKELHAXJPT, Federal Fuel Administrator for South DaTcota. Aberdeen, S. Dak., December 10, 1918. SOUTH DAKOTA. Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From- To- Bickelliaupt, W. G STATE ADVISOBT BOARD. Kennedy, E. G Smith, C. D O'Hara, C. C Moodic, John Smith. William M.. State fuel administrator, . Dakota Central Telephone Build- ing, Aberdeen. Sioux Falls. Lemmon Rapid City.. Watertown.. Mitchell STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Hedger, Frank C Williams. Harry S. Newcomh, C. O Tyler. George W... Behrens. H. C Executive secretary. Aberdeen. .do. Berkey, Helen M Berkcy, 1,11a E Crippes. Mathilda G. Jones, 1,0yd C S wanson. Cordelia. . . Wilson, Ethel Director of enforcement Director of hotel conservation . . Advisor to State fuel adminis- trator. Clerk Stenographer Clerk do Stenographer Clerk .do. .do. Sioux Falls.. Aberdeen... .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do.. Aberdeen . Sioux Falls. Lemmon Rapid City.. Watertown. . Mitchell 4224 Linden Hills Boulevard, Min- neapolis, Minn. Aberdeen ....do Sioux Falls Aberdeen , . . . do do do do Claremont. , do V V V V V V V V Oct. 31,1917 Nov. 22,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 28,1917 Nov. 2.'j, 1917 Nov. 10,1917 Mar. 1, 1918 Jan. 19,1918 Nov. 1, 1918 do Apr. 7, 1918 Dee. Nov. Nov. Dee. Aug July 19,1917 10,1917 9,1917 12, 1917 1,1918 13,1918 Mar. 15,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 25,1918 Feb. 28.1919 Do. Do. Nov. 1,1918 Jan. 31,1919 July 30,1918 Dec. 30,1917 Jan. 4,1919 341 342 KEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. SOUTH DAKOTA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES. Aurora: Latluop.W.T.. chairman Smith, W.P Sale, J. C. G Beadle: Kinkead. A. L., chairman. Fiford. H. I l Fry,W.B Bon Homme: ChaldekjF. F., chairman Wagner, James A Stephens, James H Brookings: Flittie, T. I., chairman. . Swilt, A. E., chairman. . Berke.E.A Burgess, W. A Clevan, J. S Brown: Bottum, R., chairman. . , Mather, E. A ' Putzenreuter, George. . . Brule: Crisp, E . E. . chairman . . . Stowell.S.S Lentz,P.V Buffalo (see Jerauld County), Butte: Simons, L. M., chairman McCoid.H.G Campbell (see "Walworth County). Charles Mix: Pratt, C. W., chairman . Knapp, H. C Patten, Frank Clark: McClelland, C. D., chair- man. Burdie,W.T Perry, D. W Scanlon, John Clay: Barrett, C. H^ chairman . Bryant, W. C Westre, John H Codington: GoepfertjR.D., chairman. Hagha,B.N Cannon, R. C Corson: Belknapp, C. H., chair- man. Karley, A. A MiUiman, F.J Tscharner, P. J Custer: Perrin, C. E., chairman . . Hesnard, A. T., chairman. Pahner,W.H Davison: Mitchell, F.W., chairman WeUs.J.E Kehey, P. H Day: Chilson, A. E., chairman . Nordness^ R. L SchuJtz, J. A Sletten,01e J Deuel: Lockhart, A. J., chairman. Arnold, W. G. chairman. Stevens, John C Eose,E.J Dewey: MjlUgan, Ed. L., chair- man. Dillman, R. L., chair- man (successor). Raymond, S. A Clark, EldonW Douglas: WenzlofE, E. G., chair- man. Edwards, E. E.— Member Chairman Fenenga, Gerrit Norton, Timothy Edirtunds: Jackson, C. L., chairman. Fall River: Juckett, E. R., chair- man. Birdsill, J. C Osmotherly, F. G Official station. Vollm. teer or salary Plankinton. . . Stickney White Lake. . Huron . . Yale.... Wolsey . Tyndall.... Tabor Springfield. Brookings. . do Elkton White do.... Aberdeen . Groton Hecla Chamberlain . Pukwana Kimball Bellefourche . Harding Geddes.. Platte... Wagner . Clark... Willow Lake, P. O. Water- town. Bradley do Vermilion. do do Watertown.. ....do ....do Mcintosh . Dupree..., Canton Lemmon. , Custer Hermosa Buffalo Gap.. Mitchell.. ....do... ....do... Webster. . Lily Waubay . Pierpont . Clear Lake. do Gary Brandt Timber Lake.. ....do Isabel Eagle Butte-. Armour do.. do.. Corsica. . Armour. Ipswich Hot Springs.. Edgemont Hot Springs. . . V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From — Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 22,1917 Dec. 3, 1917 Nov. 14,1917 Nov. 15,1917 do Nov. 14,1917 Dec. 4,1917 Nov. 14,1917 do Aug. 1, 1918 Nov. 15,1917 Aug. 15,1918 Nov. 15,1917 Nov. 21,1917 do do Nov. 19,1917 do do Nov. 14,1917 Dec. 3,1917 Nov. 14,1917 Nov. 15,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Dec. 10,1917 Dec. 8, 1917 Feb. 25,1918 Jan. 29,1918 Nov. 14,1917 do Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 14,1917 do Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 14,1917 Dec. 5,1917 Nov. 22,1917 Dec. 10,1917 Nov. 15,1917 Dec. 5,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 14,1917 do do Nov. 22,1917 do Nov. 23,1917 do Nov. 16,1917 Apr. 14,1918 Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 20,1917 Nov. 14,1917 Jan. 3,1918 Nov. 14,1917 Nov. 26,1918 Nov. 13,1917 do Feb. 23,1918 Aug. 1, 1918 Nov. 14,1917 Jan. 31,1918 Nov. 24,1917 Dec. 1,1917 Dec. 19,1917 To- Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Aug. 15,1918 Feb. 28.1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 24,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. June 11,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Apr. 13,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do Jan. 2,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 22,1918 Feb. 23,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Faulk; Moore, A. M., chairman Rouse, J. A , Meier, S. S Jacobs, W. J Grant: Williams, C. E., chair- man. Coons, 0. J., chairman, (successor). Nelson, J. O Saunders, L. N Gregory: Cofley, D. E., chairman, Visha, Louis Brookings, F. C Haakon: Welch, I. J., chairman.. Stuart, O. E Taggart, H. G Hamlin: Holaday, C. B., chair- man. Gage, L. A Linstrom, H. A Hand: Cahalan, A. B., chair- man. Gardner,F. R Fugate, George Hanson: Peckham, F. D., chair- man. Schfltz, J.F Sodergrass, A. W Brooks,F. S Harding (see Butte Comity). Hughes: Roberts, T. B., jr., chairman. Quackenbush, H. C McNamee,T. C WlUiams, H. P Hiitchinson: Peckham, J. W., chair- man. Glynn, W. H., chairman (successor). Dimmock, Warren Kintz.L. F Hyde: Swanson, C. P., chair- man. Huston, L. B Drew,C. H Jackson (see Haakon County). Jerauld: Vessey, F. G., chairman. Aisenberry, K. T Downing, C. W Jones and Mellette: Zoske, A., chairman. Jones County. Lange, C. E. — Member Chairman Jones, Robert Kingsbury: Waters, A. N., chairman Wilmarth, D. F Levitt, R.W Lake: Wadden, Thos. A., chairman. Atherton, L. G. — Member Chairman man. Holdridge, H. H Mundt,F. J Lawrence: Bullock, SethjChairman. Franklin, N. E., chair- man (successor). Thorpe, Elmer C Coburn, Atherton A Kelliter, Paul D Lincoln: Jacobs, H., chairman Cooper, F. J Hmsman, Jay Lyman: Brown, R. E., chairman. Stockstad, P. L Sedgwick, E.M Official station. Faulkton do do do Milbank do Strandburg.. Milbank Fairfax. Dallas. . Burke.. Philip Kadoka.. Midland . . Estelline. Bryant. Hayti... Miller. Ree Heights.. St. Lawrence.. Alexandria Emery... Mitchell.. Farmer. . .do. .do. .do. ...do Menno . Tripp.. Highrnore. . ....do ....do Wessington Springs. Alpena Lane Draper. . Murdo do White River. De Smet . . Iroquois. . Arlmgton. Madison. .do. .do. .do. .do. Deadwood- ....do Lead Deadwood- ....do Lennox. Canton.. Hudson. Reliance. . Keimebec. Presto Volun teer or salary V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Nov. 14,1917 do Aug. 1, 1918 Nov. 14,1917 Nov. 13,1917 Apr. 8,1918 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 13,1917 Dec. 7,1917 Dec. 13,1917 Dec. 12,1917 Nov. 14.1917 Nov. 15, 1917 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 16,1917 Dec. 17,1917 Dec. 19,1917 Nov. 13,1917 Dec. 15,1917 Dec. i, 1917 Nov. 22,1917 Dee. 3,1917 ....do ....do Nov. 15,1917 do Oct. 15,1918 Nov. 15,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Dec. 10,1917 Nov. 15,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 16,1917 ....do Nov. 15,1917 Nov. 26,1917 Nov. 27, 1917 Dec. 4, 1917 Nov. 22,1917 Nov. 23,1917 Apr. 29,1918 Deo. 1, 1917 Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 17,1917 ....do Jan. 19,1918 Nov. 17,1917 Feb. 1,1918 Nov. 16,1917 Jan. 7, 1918 Nov. 16,1917 Apr. 29,1918 Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 15,1917 Jan. 30,1918 Nov. 20,1917 Dec. 14,1917 Dec. 24,1917 Dec. 22,1917 To— Feb. 18,1919 Do. Do. July 31,1918 Apr. 7,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 14,1918 Dec. 9,1917 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Apr. 28,1918 Apr. 29,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 19,1918 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Jan. 6,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Apr. 28,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. SOUTH DAKOTA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 343 Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. McCook: Merrick, H. L., chair- man. Schmidt, O. P Davis, CM McPherson: Vorlander, C, chairman. Blanchard, L. George. . . Joachin, D. M Marshall: Banbury, S. M., chair- man. Wismer, Charles (act- ing chairman). I/indquist, G. A Meade: Steele, F. E., chairman.. Jenks, George W Angel, E.R Miner: Gass, Jesse, chairman. . , Wick, J. A WaUcer.L. J Minnehaha: Warren, E. H., chair- man. Lemen, D. P Calschelder, E. T Freese, J.M Moody: Bieelow, J. T., chairman, Keith, L.B LoucIes, Asa Pennington: Wentzy, Harry, chair- man. Hughes, Hichard L Boland, John A , . . . Perkins (see Corson County). Potter: Mesick, O. E., chairman. O'Keefe, J.D Wall, Frank T Roberts: Carlberg, W. F., chair- man. Lien, Chris H Gumo, John Sanborn: Noble, R. C, chairman . Fish, George L Faukhauser, Dr. F. E... Official station. Salem. . .do. .do. Eureka Leola Greenway.. Britton, .. -...do.... Langford-. Sturgis. . . Faith.... Owanka. Howard-. Canova.. Carthage. Sioux Falls.. --..do Wentworth. Sioux Falls - Flandreau- Colman Trent Rapid City- . .do. .do. Gettysburg.. do do Sisseton Summit Claire City... Woonsocket.. do do , Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Nov. 24,1917 Dec. 1,1917 ....do Nov. 13,1917 Nov. 24,1917 Nov. 14,1917 Nov. 15,1917 Nov. 13,1917 do Nov. 22,1917 Nov. 28,1917 Feb. 1, 1918 Nov; 19,1917 Nov. 22,1917 Nov. 23,1917 Jan. 9,1918 Sept. 1,1918 Jan. 11,1918 Jan. 12,1918 Nov. 13,1917 Nov. 15,1917 Nov. 14,1917 do Nov. 15, 1917 do Nov. 19, 1917 Nov. 25,1917 Jan. 31,1918 Nov. 14,1917 Nov. 16,1917 do Nov. 13, 1917 do do To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. •Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Shannon (see Fall River County). Spink: Grain, Z. A., chairman.. Wood,H.R Johnson, tT. G Stanley: Millett, C. L., chairman. Harvey, Guy H. (suc- cessor). Corez,C.M Weirauch, CM Sully: Barker, F. S., chairman . Murphy, P. J., chair- man (successor). Lester,B.M Garrett, Chas. E Todd (see Tripp County). Evans, L. D., chairman. Davies, S . L. , chairman . (successor). Knecht, John Turner: Sanford, N, A., chair- man. Wood, W. R., chair- man (successor). Jammer, W. J Thompson, James S Union: Sturgis, H. A., chair- man. Gardner, Paul, chair- man (successor). Peterson, Charles J Ryan, T. H Walworth: Pierce, G. C, chairman.. Fenelon, J.J Ryan, George W Washington (see Penning- ton County). Yankton: Wyman, A. L., chair- man. Odland, Die KiIlon,F.A Ziebach (see Corson County). Official station. Redfleld. ....do... ....do... Fort Pierre ....do Wendte. Sansarc. Onida. ....do. do- Agar... Winner. ....do— Colome Parker do Marion Centerville. Beresford . ....do Alcester. . . ElkPoint- Selbv.-- PoUock. Java Yankton. Gayville... Lesterville- Volun- teer or salary. Served. From — V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 13,1917 .--.do --..do Nov. 16,1917 Aug. 1,1918 Nov. 25,1917 Nov. 23,1917 do Jan. 15,1918 Nov. 28,1917 Nov. 29, 1917 Dec. July Dec. Nov. Sept. Nov. Nov. Nov. Sept. Nov. Nov. Deo. Dec. Dec. 14,1917 15,1918 28,1917 28,1917 1,1918 15,1917 17,1917 16,1917 1,1918 19,1917 22, 1917 8,1917 12, 1917 10,1917 Nov. 13,1917 Nov. 14,1917 do To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. July 31,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Jan. 14,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. July 14,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Aug. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Aug. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. TENNESSEE. The work of the fuel administration for Tennessee began on October 27, 1917, the date of the appointment of W. E. Myer, of Carthage, as Federal fuel administrator for the State. At that time the country was alarmed at the threatened coal supply shortage, and the United States Fuel Admioistration in Washington was concerning itself with the problems of increased production, fixing prices to be charged at mines, prices to becharged by retail dealers, and equitable distribution of the products of the mines. These problems also embraced the question of increased wages and threatened strikes by the miners; also the inabiUty of the railroads to supply adequate equipment for transportation of coal. It was, therefore, in- cumbent upon the fuel administrator in Tennessee to take cognizance of these questions as they related to Tennessee and to work out plans for successfully combating the difficulties so as to avoid real suffering by the populace, and to see that those with abimdant means wefe allqwed no undue advantage over their less fortxmate neighbors. At the same time those industries which were engaged in active work for the Government in the furtherance of its plans for winning the war were to be imhampered in their work; in fact, all industry cooperating with the Government in war work was to be put to as little inconvenience as possible in the matter of securing adequate fuel supplies. STATE ORGANIZATION. Immediately upon appointment administrator Myer arranged for opening State headquarters in the senate chamber of the State capitol, Nashville, and for the securing of a competent office force; and, in line with recommendations from Washington, he set about perfecting his organization over the State. He drew about him men of ability from every section of the State, men who agreed to undertake the work from a patriotic motive and men who were known in their several sections as unbiased and who could be depended upon to see that regulations were enforced without fear or favor. He selected and appointed an advisory committee of eleven men and a county fuel administrator in each of the 96 counties in the State. In the selection of these men political lines were tabooed ; merit solely controlled. In their choosing the administrator used painstaking care, for the problems that confronted the fuel adminis- trator concerned the whole people of the State, and the work to be done was not to be hampered by any pohtical lines or governed by present or past political dissensions. These selections met with the hearty indorsement of the people of Tennessee. FUEL SHORTAGE. At the time of the organization of the fuel administration in Tennessee, the coimtry was confronted with a fuel shortage estimated at about 50,000,000 tons. The activities of the department were immediately directed toward stimulating production, and appeals were made to the people of the State for conservation of available fuel to the end that individual suffering might be eliminated and that industries engaged in war work, and also nonessential industries, in so far as possible, might be taken care of. The coal situation, however, had reached such a point by the middle of November, 1917, that the fuel administration issued an order limiting the supply of coal to famihes to 2 tons, this to be secured only upon affidavit that the family purchasing the coal had then on hand not exceeding 2 tons of coal. Apartment houses, stores, hotels, office buildings, etc., were allowed from 10 to 15 days' supply. This order was kept in- effect until March, 1918. The wisdom of this order was favorably commented upon by the press of the State and not only this order, but each subsequent order, rule, or regulation promulgated by the administration had the support, and not infrequently the hearty approval, of the newspapers. Appeals to the press always met with generous response, and through this medium the people of the State were advised of the various rulings and the reasons for their issuance. SITUATION IN EAST TENNESSEE. Early in December, 1917, the situation in east Tennessee was very critical, due to the inability of industries and domestic distributors to get adequate supply of coal from Virginia fields, the normal source of supply. Fuel Administrator Myer called a meeting of the fuel administrators from several counties in east Tennessee. This meeting was held at KnoxvUle and remedial measures were discussed. Fuel Administrator Myer brought forcefully to the attention of the county administrators the seriousness of the situation and suggested that wood be substituted for coal wherever possible and that wood fuel committees take up the question of wood substi- tution over the State. Early in December (about the 9th) the State experienced its first real winter weather, and this spell extended through February, 1918, zero often being registered, and such a winter as Tennessee had not experienced in years. 344 FEDEKAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 345 This cold weather only aggravated a situation already serious. Transportation facilities were crippled, mines were operating less than full time and under great handicap. Appeals were coming into the fuel administration from all parts of the State, by telephone, telegraph, and mail for relief; in fact, these appeals grew to such volume that additional telephone facilities had to be installed in the headquarters to take care of them. In furthering the effort to protect the domestic user under such conditions as then existed, an order in the nature of a patriotic appeal to the citizens of Tennessee was issued by fuel administrator Myer on December 18. This significant appeal follows : December 18, 1919. To the patriotic citizens of Tennessee: In the past coal has been a commodity to be bought and sold, hoarded, or let loose at your own sweet will; but this great world war has changed all this. Coal has now become the very life blood of our great struggle for Ijumanity. Unless we can keep our Allies in Europe supplied with coal to run their railroads at the fullest speed, so as to quickly move their troops, foods and munitions; unless we furnish coal to keep our own food supplies moving to Europe and keep our own munition plants running at full capacity; and unless our railroads have coal to move our own men, food, and munitions to the front, our just and holy war will be lost and the Germans will found a baleful despotism which will overshadow the world. In this terrible struggle a man who wastes a scuttle of coal commits a crime against humanity; in this time of great scarcity of coal, the man who refuses to divide with an unfortunate neighbor stands branded as a selfish enemy to his country in her hour of need. I am a loving son of Tennessee; I know my people, and 1 thank God they are my people; I know their splendid patriotism and their spirit of sacrifice. They have never failed in the hour of supremest test. This hour has come. It is now up to us to show whether we have a splendid manhood or whether we are selfish, yellow-blooded weaklings. Believing in my people, I now ask every Tennessean who has been fortunate enough to lay in a fair supply of coal to make diligent inquiry as to his neighbor's need. Where he finds a neighbor who is out of coal and unable to get it, let him sell this neighbor a portion of his own coal at cost. I do hot ask for all of your coal. Keep at least 50 bushels for your own home. This is your sacred duty. It is a sacrifice for God and country, and your fellowmen will applaud. Any Tennessean who is out of coal and makes every effort to get it and fails will at once telephone the fuel administrator in his county. This United States fuel administrator is hereby ordered and empowered to endeavor to get coal from some dealer to relieve this distress. Should he be unable to secure it from a dealer, he will make inquiry as to which of the neighbors has the largest supply and will request biTn to sell his fellowman a reasonable quantity for cash at cost. Should any of our people refuse to heed this humane request of the United States fuel administrator, this administrator will at once wire the United States fuel administrator for Tennessee, senate chamber, State capitol, Nashville, Tenn. The United States fuel administrator will immediately wire a request to the recreant hoarder to comply with the request of the county administrator. If he fails to heed this last request his refusal will be wired to Washington. The penalty will be as follows: "Whoever shall, with knowledge that the regulations have been prescribed as herein provided, violate or refuse to conform to any of the same, shall upon conviction be punished by a fine of not more than $5,000 or by imprisonment for not more than two years, or both. Each independent transaction shall constitute a separate offense." (H. R. 4961.) This order goes into effect December 18, 1917. It is up to us to show the men who are offering their lives that we are free men; that we are worthy of the sacrifice. It is up to us to show the weak or unfortunate that this is their country; that its sheltering arms are thrown tenderly and lovingly around them; that it is worth fighting for and dying for. W. E. Myer, United States Fuel Administrator Jor Tennessee . LIGHTLESS NIGHTS. On December 16, 1917, the amended lightless night order became effective under which regulations the white ways in all cities and towns were to disappear absolutely on Sunday and Thursday nights of each week, as well as aU advertising and display signs produced by gas or electricity. Only sufficient lighting in towns and cities for adequate police protection was allowed under this regulation. With few exceptions the lightless night regula- tions were observed by the people throughout Tennessee, only a few violations having been reported, and only a few instances requiring a reprimand or penalty. The lightless night order was suspended on April 24, 1918, until September 1, when it again became effective and subsequently was cancelle(^ on November 23, 1918. This order had a twofold effect. In addition to the amount of fuel it was the means of conserving, its moral effect was pronoxmced and far-reaching, being one of the most convincing orders issued that the Nation was at war and that the need for cooperation and organization was imperative. REQUESTS FOR EMERGENCY COAL. Up to this time and continuing until February, 1918, this office came in direct contact with the mine opera- tions serving Tennessee by making requests for emergency coal, and as the demand was far greater than the sup- ply, this was a difficult phase of the fuel administration and so much so that the United States Fuel Administra- tion saw proper to appoint a district representative in each of the producing fields of the United States, which when done operated to facilitate and to expedite the matter of meeting emergency requisitions. 346 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. FIVE DAYS CLOSING ORDER. In January, 1918, the domestic situation became so critical, due to the continued severe wteather, not only in Tennessee but over the United States generally, that an order was issued prohibiting the use of fuel in certain industries for five days, viz, January 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22, and each Monday thereafter until March 25. This virtually meant the absolute closing down of these various enterprises for the time specified, and it brought forth a perfect avalanche of protests from the people over the State. Committees and individuals from every direction were clamoring for interviews, and it was a physical impossibility for one man to give every one the attention required, and, in nearly every instance, deserved. To meet this very acute situation a bulletin was issued in the endeavor to make clear to everybody just what businesses were included in the order. This regulation was one of the most drastic issued by the Fuel Administration, audit was without precedent and it tended to disturb seriously the economic situation ; but its wisdom was quite apparent to those who were battling with the fuel situation, and it unquestionably averted terrible hardships and suffering from the populace of this country. The Monday closing order was annulled February 13, 1918. COAL PRODUCTION INCREASE. On February 1 1 State fuel administrator Myer met in conference with the county fuel administrators of east Tennessee at EJioxville, with the view of dedsing the most effective means of increasing the coal production, and of relieving the distressful situation in that district. The extreme eastern counties of Tennessee which were dependent for supply of coal on mines in Virginia experienced a greater shortage perhaps than any other part of the State. , This was due to the heavy requisitions made by the Government for coal going to cantonments and other Government uses, and it was necessary to appeal to Washington for aid in giving this situation relief. Wash- ington responded by directing certain tonnage from the Virginia mines to these counties, and the railroads were ordered to give speedy movement to this tonnage. LIMITATIONS ON COAL SUPPLIES. By March 1 the weather conditions had so modified and the situation as to the supply of domestic coal was such as to begin the encouragement of the public to start buying and storing domestic coal for the year ending March 31, 1919, and Fuel Administrator Myer issued an order, effective March 1, permitting householders and domestic consumers to purchase and store an amount of coal equal to 50 per cent of their normal annual require- ments. This order, of course, operated as permission to the retail dealers to sell and deliver domestic coal on this basis . The restriction thrown about this order was that each purchaser was required to sign a statement setting out ■(1) his normal annual requirements; (2) the quantity consumed during the year ending March 31, 1918; (3) the quantity now on hand; (4) the kind of building; (5) the number of rooms; (6) the number of persons in the house; (7) the kind of heating plant, whether stove, open grate, or furnace; (8) what, if any, unfilled orders there were with other dealers, and with whom; (9) the name and the address. The order was patriotically responded to by the people of this State, and the mines at no times lacked orders for domestic grades, and the dealers were at no time without adequate orders from the householders for coal. On April 1, 1918, an order was issued allowing domestic consumers of coal and coke to purchase and reeeive during April and May their actual and necessary requirements for the period ending March 31, 1919, less such amount as they might have on hand. COAL AFFIDAVITS AND PERMITS. No person, firm, association, or corporation was permitted under this order to sell or deliver any coal to domestic consumers without first obtaining from every constimer a statement in writing specifying (1) the amount of coal on hand; (2) the amount of coal on order and the name of the person from whom ordered; (3) the amount of coal used in the twelve months ending March 31, 1918; and (4) the amount of coal needed to meet actual and necessary requirements prior to March 31, 1919. Furthermore, this order provided that carload or bargeload lots of coal should not be delivered to a domestic consumer, or to a club of consumers, except upon the permission of the local fuel administrator in the county in which shipments were to be delivered. Under the foregoing clause individuals, or clubs of individuals, desiring to purchase coal direct from the mines could get permits from their local fuel administrator upon filing with him the required statement, which permit was necessary to be sent or forwarded to the mine in placing an order. EEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTKATOES. 347 EARLY BUYING OF WINTER COAL. This regulation had a marked effect in influencing the consumers to place their orders early and tended to keep the retail dealers actively engaged in the delivery of coal to the householders during the early spring months, when as a rule, in normal times, this was not the case. Furthermore, it tended to make strong the de- mand upon the mines for the domestic grade of coal, which likewise in normal times was very light at this season, and it made them persistent in preparing domestic sizes. During the early spring and smnmer months in normal times the mines generally curtail the preparation of domestic sizes to a point only necessary to meet the current demands for that grade, and consequently throw into steam or industrial grades large quantities of coal suitable for domestic use. This regxilation, therefore, was for the threefold purpose of encouraging the early buying and storing of domestic coal, to keep the retail dealers constantly engaged in the delivery during the summer months, when conditions from every standpoint were most favorable to economical handling, and to keep the mines constantly preparing the maximum amoimt of domestic or prepared sizes without interruption. Early in the year 1918, after the Fuel Administration at Washington had viewed the production figures for 1917 and the estimated requirements for the year 1918, it was seen that an increase of from seventy-five to one hundred miUion tons of coal would be necessary for the year 1918, and in view of the apparent importance of acquiring this increased production it was necessary to make strenuous endeavor to conserve and to sub- stitute. WOOD AS FUEL. In January and February, 1918, the department at Washington sent a representative to Tennessee to canvass the State from the standpoint of encouraging the substitution of wood. Much good was accompUshed from this, and it resulted in the organization of wood fuel committees in various counties and cities of the State. The people were slow to appreciate the importance of this recommendation and on March 4 fuel admin- istrator Myer published and sent broadcast over the State a general letter addressed to the "Old Hickory people," which resulted in bestirring the people to a sense of duty to themselves and to their fellow men. ZONE SYSTEM. One of the most significant measures inaugurated by the Fuel Administration to meet the serious transpor- tation situation, which threatened to increase the shortage of coal, was the zone system plan which became effective April 1, 1918. Through this plan, which limited the shipping territory in the various mining dis- tricts, enormous car hauls were saved and relief was more promptly secured. Tennessee was affected by this order comparatively little. In the western part of the State some who formerly used Illinois, Alabama, and eastern Kentucky and East Tennesse coal were confined to coal from western Kentucky districts. But after the purpose and wisdom of the regulation was thoroughly understood, aU that were affected very patriotically acceded to the regulation. Likewise, the withdrawal of all shipments of anthra- cite coal from Tennessee was accepted without complaint, except in a very few instances. PATRIOTIC MEETINGS. On the first Monday in April, 1918, the various war organizations of Tennessee Tj^ere called, at the suggestion of Gov. Tom C. Eye, to meet at the capitol, Nashville, to discuss the situation and to review the work being done. Accordingly the county fuel administrators over the State were requested to attend this meeting, together with representatives from the organizations of the State council of defense; and a splendid and enthusiastic meeting resulted. Out of this gathering and the suggestions offered such benefit was noted that a number of similar meetings were held over the State. On April 5, 1918, L. A. Snead, assistant to the United States Fuel Administrator, made a strong address at the State Capitol, Nashville, to the county fuel administrators for Tennessee, in which he reviewed the work of the United States Fuel Administration, the problems with which it had to deal in the past, and the vastly increasing problems and responsibilities confronting it. Following this address informal discussions were had of the various situations in each county of the State and the methods and plans of the various county administrators brought out. This meeting proved to be one of the most profitable and beneficial as yet held, and aU administrators left for their homes filled with patriotic determination, with a better understanding of the iniportant work resting upon them, and with a better insight into the methods that would produce the best results. PREFERENCE LISTS. Early in April, 1918, the preference Mst of industries was announced by the United States Fuel Admin- istration, which sent out the Hst of industries which were to be first supplied with a fuU supply of coal. This regulation tended to relieve greatly the matter of properly distributing the available coal. 348 EEPOBT OF ADMINISTBATIVB DIVISION. This regulation was a very wise one, and in addition to providing for a proper distribution it had a great moral effect upon the pedple generally. It brought about also immediate action on the part of the industries not included in the preference list to convert their plants so as to make essential products and to seek work coming within that essential. In AprU, also, the clay products order was issued, restricting the manufacture of the various clay products. The commodity on which the greatest restriction was ordered was that of common brick. This was reduced to 50 per cent of the average annual amount manufactured for the three years ending December 31, 1917. Other commodities were reduced to 85, 75, or 60 per cent, according to the nature of their necessity. Subsequently similar restrictions were ordered affectijig the manufacture of common window glass and other glassware, and the manufacture of cement. Furthermore florists were restricted to 50 per cent coal supply. These regulations worked perhaps as great hardship in Tennessee as in any other State in the South, as there are a large number of such industries within its border. For the most part the people affected bore with the regulations patriotically. Subsequently these industries were granted the privilege of using wood for fuel provided the wood was not obtained by rail shipment. RETAIL GROSS MARGINS. In Ajjril and May, 1918, regulations were issued controlling the margin of profit to be charged by the retail coal dealers throughout the State. This regulation was made after the most careful survey and consideration of the margins necessary to be allowed to insure to the dealers an adequate profit." In fixing the gross margins two especial features were taken into consideration; that of the size of the town or village, and a distinction was made in favor of the retail dealer with a fully equipped yard over that of one operated without being fully equipped. The fixing of these margins brought about an avalanche of protests from dealers over the State and many appeals for increased margins were made, but in almost every instance no changes were made. It is not improbable that the gross margins of the retail dealers in Tennessee were lower than in any other southern State, if indeed they were not lower than in any other State in the Union. INCREASED PRODUCTION. Beginning early in April a campaign was launched for increased production at the mines; and invalided soldiers — Canadian and English — were provided through the speakers' bureau of the Washington Department, and these were sent throughout the mining districts of Tennessee to speak to the miners. Through this campaign and the personal touch of the boys from overseas, the miners were greatly impressed with the responsibility resting upon them and the necessity for them to keep constantly at work digging coal in order that the boys on the firing line might not want for material and supplies from the lack of coal with which to manufacture supplies and to carry them to the soldiers. The results throughout the State from these campaigns were most remarkable and the production showed a marked increase. Practically every mine in the State was visited by some one of the speakers. During the early spring and summer months of the year 1918, contrary to what would have been the case in normal times, there was no let up in the demand for coal and both domestic and industrial consumer clamored for any available coal. The United States Fuel Administration vigorously set about to adopt plans for the equitable distribution of coal for increased production by the mines and for the conservation of fuel. REGISTRATION OF DEALERS. An ordef was issued and made effective that every retail dealer in the State should register with the fuel administration and rfeceive a certificate of registration. This order was made compulsory, and a dealer could not get coal from the mines imless he had so registered. Each dealer was also provided with weekly report cards which were to be used in making weekly reports in duplicate, one copy going to the United States Fuel Administration, Washington, and the other to the State fuel administration, showing the amount of coal delivered, the amount of coal received, and the amount of coal on hand at the close of each week. Through this method of reports very close touch could be kept with the supply throughout the State, and diversions of coal could be made from one point to another as the supply and the demand made necessary. WEEKLY REPORTS FROM INDUSTRIES. A list of the coal-using industries throughout the State was also secured, and they, likewise, were required to make weekly reports. Through these reports it was discovered that many enterprises had great accumiilations of coal, in some instances as much as a year's supply, and in many instances from 90 to 100 days' supply. FEDERAL FUEL ADMIKISTRATOKS. 349 To correct this Hoarding, an order was issued prohibiting the industries on the preferred list from receiving and storing more than 40 days' supply, and the nonpreferred industries from receiving and storing more than 20 days' supply. This regulation made the distribution of steam coal more equitable and it at once relieved the situation in respect to the industrial supply. CONSERVATION DIVISION. In August, 1918, under the conservation program of the United States Fuel Administration, Prof. Charles S. Brown, of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., was appointed director of conservation, in charge of all conservation measures to be worked out, and he hnmediately formed a State-wide organization for this important part of the work. Report of the activities of the conservation department is made separately. I here desire to acknowledge the debt the Nation owes Prof. Charles S. Brown for giving his time and energies to this movement, without pay and without hope of reward. GASLESS SUNDAYS. In August, 1918, on accoimt of a threatened severe shortage of gasoline for shipment overseas, a formal request was made by the Administration at Washington, that the people refrain from the use of gasoline-driven vehicles on Sundays of each week for pleasure. This simple request that was so easy to accede to without any real sacrifice on the part of the people met with opposition on all sides. Violations of the spirit of the regulation were manifest throughout the State and the effort to influence the people to adopt an acquiescent observance of this request gave the fuel administration as much annoyance (if not more) as any regulation promulgated since the beginning of the war. The results, however, justified the means adopted to attain them, for by October the stock of gasoline for overseas shipment had been raised to such an amount that it was decided that the request could be withdrawn with safety. THE PRESIDENT'S PROCLAMATION TO THE MINERS. In August the President of the United States sent out a proclamation to the miners of this country, urging their patriotic cooperation in keeping up and speeding up the coal production to the necessities incident to the successftd prosecution of our efforts in the war. This letter or proclamation was copied and attached to a strong letter of appeal from the administrator of Tennessee and mailed to each of the 15,000 miners of the State. This proved of great benefit and stirred the miners over the State to a greater determination to keep constantly at work and to see that nothing was lacking on their part in doing everything possible in the crisis confronting the Government to assist in winning the war and winning it quickly. LETTERS OF CONDOLENCE, At this time we were commencing to have many Tennessee soldiers kUled in France. Their parents or nearest kin were beginning to receive telegrams from Washington teUing of the deaths of their sons or relatives. Many of these parents or relatives had only limited education and their knowledge of the reasons why we were in this just war was necessarily limited. Owing to this many had seen their boys march away to the war without realizing the necessity therefor. When the news of their deaths came, the home people were stunned, and they felt that their boys had been taken away from them and killed in a war with which they had little reason to be concerned. They had been taught during all the past life of the Nation to beware of entangling themselves in European broils. Europe was so far away and the matters over which Europe was fighting were not understood by our people. They could see no good reason why their boys should be forced against all past teachings to go over to Europe and suffer and die for people whom they knew nothing about and for principles with which it would be better for us not to bother. To counteract this I took the trouble to write, as United States fuel administrator for Tennessee, a letter of condolence to the parent or nearest of kin of every Tennessee boy killed in France. This letter brought great comfort to many aching hearts. It also increased the patriotism of our people. They realized that their boys had not died a useless death. They realized that the boys died that their country and the world might be free and that the country was grateful to them for the sacrifice. SPANISH INFLUENZA. During the first week in October, 1918, the spread of Spanish influenza to mining camps in the State caused the coal production to fall off, and the epidemic was at this troae threatening a most serious situation over the coal-producing fields. By November 1 its proportions in Tennessee had caused almost 50 per cent falling off in production. In fact, some mines closed down entirely and there was great suffering and there were many deaths. 350 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. At the beginning of this epidemic the supply of domestic coal had been brought up to a most assuring point and the industrial supply was indeed exceediagly easy on the market. In fact, in Tennessee there was beginning to be felt some anxiety among the operators as to whether there woiild be a sufficient market. At this time, however, the signing of the armistice was considered certain, and, coming as it did on Novem- ber 11, it forestalled serious apprehensions felt by reason of the falling off in production. Following the signing of the armistice the United States Fuel Administration canceled one restriction after another so that by the 1st of January, 1919, the maximum price restrictions and zone regulations were prac- tically the only regulations remaining which affected Tennessee. The order prohibiting anthracite from moving into Tennessee was still in effect, but this order caused little inconvenience to consumers and industries in this State. On February 1, 1919, all restrictions that affected Tennessee were lifted and the fuel administration as an administrative factor ceased to exist. THE PATRIOTISM AND LOYALTY OF MY COWORKERS. In conclusion, I want to call especial and grateful attention to the splendid cooperation of my office force and of my State advisory committee and my county fuel administrators in each county of Tennessee. My county fuel administrators had especially difficult positions. They were called upon to require their people to submit to unheard of stringent regulations in time of stress. These county fuel administrators did their duty without a thought of the consequences to them personally and without a cent of pay. I have tendered to them and to my State advisory committee the gratitude of the Nation for their unselfish and patriotic labors. Respectfully submitted. W. E. Myer, Federal Fuel Administrator for Tennessee. Nashville, Tenn., March 1, 1919. ACTIVITIES OF THE CONSERVATION BUREAU. Notwithstanding the measures adopted by the Fuel Administration to restrict the use of coal, the impending shortage became so serious that, by increasing the production and limiting the supply, it seemed impossible to cope with the situation. The Administration then decided that the best way of offsetting this ever-increasing shortage was to teach the consumer to save his fuel. The idea was a most excellent one as the results attest. Not only were the results sought going to be effected, but at the same time the consumer was to be shown a net savings in his fuel bill, by operating his plant more efficiently. Conservation was the keynote struck, and maximum production with the minimum amount of fuel was the slogan. Conservation divisions were established in the different coal-consuming States to carry on this branch of the work. Mr. W. E. Myer, Federal fuel administrator for the State of Tennessee, immediately realized the great possi- bilities in this line of conservation, and that to obtain the greatest results the services of a technically trained man would be required. He accordingly appointed Mr. Charles S. Brown, M. E., professor of mechanical engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., as administrative fuel engineer and director of con- servation for this State. Immediately upon his appointment, Prof. Brown was called in conference with organization representatives from the department at Washington, who laid before him the general plan of organization settled upon to govern all State bodies; and as soon as the general plans and scheme of organization were outlined, he began upon the organization of Tennessee for State-wide conservation. In company with Mr. W. E. Myer, State fuel administrator, Mr. W. P. Hoffman, publicity agent, and repre- sentatives from Washington, Prof. Brown made a tour of the State, holding meetings in the principal cities to arouse interest among the owners of power plants and also among the citizens of the State in the conservation program. At the same time Prof. Brown was selecting such men in the cities visited as would be able to prosecute the work of this department to the best advantage. After the tour of the State was completed, the party returned to Nashville, and about the 1st of September the general office for the State was opened with the fuel admin- istration. The work of the department was, however, very much delayed, due to the fact that propaganda for the conservation program and forms selected by the department at Washington were very slow in reaching us. TEDEEAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 351 and in consequence of tliis it was well on toward October before work of a specific nature, along the line laid out in Washington, coiJd be carried out. In order that no unnecessary delay might be experienced, conservation committees were appointed through- out the State to carry on the work of conservation and to assist with the standard questionnaires as soon as they were issued. At the same time the suggestion offered by Washington in regard to inspectors was adopted, and a corps of men was appointed to check up the questionnaires and to assist the plant owners in executing them wherever it was found necessary. It was a very evident fact that very few plant owners throughout the State had any idea of the amount of fuel that the operation of their plant required, and scarcely any of them kept any record of their fuel con- sumption, where, as now, fully 80 per cent of all the coal-consuming plants that use coal in any considerable quantity are both weighing and keeping a careful record of the amount of fuel consumed. At the same time many plants are now keeping a record of their water and oil consumption, and it seems at last that practically all plant owners and operators realize that the power plant is the very heart of their business, and that the efl&ciency of their entire plant bears a direct ratio to the efficiency of their boiler and engine room. In the very beginning of the work of this department it was realized that conservation was a subject that had to be taught to the pubhc and, further, that the plant owners were very slow to undertake any change in their methods of operation, fearing that they would entail additional expense. In order to overcome this idea, bulletins were sent to the plant owners, calling upon them to look very carefully into the recommendations of the fuel administration as set forth in the standard questionnaires, and stating that they would find that following these recommendations they would save money for themselves in reduced fuel bills and at the same time would greatly assist in the prosecution of the war by decreasing the Nation's fuel consumption. We further urged them to have their firemen and engineers attend the meetings of the fuel conservation" associations, which we were holding in order that actual operating conditions could be discussed and criticized and recommendations for the more economical operation of the plants discussed might be offered. We found that by means of these meetings the men who were actually in charge of the coal consumption were being taught how to get the maximum power out of their fuel and how to operate the plants under their charge more ef&ciently and economically. The discussions were not limited to the conservation of fuel solely; but the general idea of conservation as applied to the entire operation of their plants was argued, and practical cases in heating, lighting, water supply, etc., were acted upon. In order that we might have a close check on the actual savings that were being effected, we sent out report blanks to the largest coal-consuming plants, and had them make us reports every four weeks on the actual net amoimt of coal saved or lost, basing their calculations on the 1917 consumption. In one case a company showed a saving of 91 tons of coal in three' months, making a total saving for a year of 360 tons. Several other companies showed a very great saving, one a saving of 191 tons in 12 weeks. It is a very evident fact that a very poor grade of coal has been placed on the market here, and wherever an operator shows an excess amount of coal used in 1918 he has, as a general rule, very valid excuses for the excess in the kind of coal that he has been able to obtain, or else his business has increased, thereby causing the excess. The general scheme of conservation was also carried out through the appointing of shop committees in the different plants, and the work of these committees has proven to be of very great value not only to their employers, but also from the standpoint of this department in advancing the great idea of conservation through- out the entire plant organization. We have found instances where these committees have been the means of interesting their employers where, had it not been for them, it would have been impossible to interest the owners at all. At the suggestion of the conservation division at Washington the skip-stop system was inaugm-ated and applied to all street railways operating in the State. We feel that, on accotmt of congestion in the uptown -sections, the greatest good could not be accomplished. The skip-stop system was in continuous operation until December, 1918, when, on account of the easing up of the coal situation, with the approval of Washington the request was withdrawn. According to the reports that we have received, and from the best estimate that we can make, a total saving of 3,156.9 tons of coal was effected during foxir months, which would aggregate for a year 9,470.88 tons. There existed at the beginning of the work of this department several instances of duplication of service especially in pubhc utilities, and these cases have had the very best iittention of this department. In every instance except one the plants were either closed down and service secured elsewhere or intercoimections were made with other plants, and in the one case that remained, on account of the fact that the two plants were far apart and that neither one coiild carry the load of the other in addition to its own load, and further 352 EEPOKT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. that they both were operating with practically the same unit coal consumption, we did not think it wise to try to effect any change in their operations. The interconnections that have been made have resulted in a great saving in the fuel used. Another interesting result along the lines of conservation has been effected in the operation of certain lime kilns; by using steam jets in their ash pits and getting a forced draft they report a saving of 286 pounds of coal per kiln per day, with a reduction in the amount of clinker and also an increased lime production per pound of fuel. There has been a great saving also by the increased use of water power. The mildness of the winter of the year 1918 has not warranted such drastic, action as was taken last year with the domestic consumer; due besides to the exhortations of the fuel administrator, practically every domestic consumer laid in his supply of coal for this winter during the spring and sunmier, and it is, therefore, practically an impossibility to arrive at the amount of saving effected in the domestic use of coal. This depart- ment, in order to prevent the useless waste of coal, issued a regulation governing the heating of all public and private houses, and from the best information that we have been able to secure we are sure that a great deal of good has been accomplished. Just as this department had about perfected its organization the armistice was signed, and almost imme- diately retrenchment policies were begun, regulations lifted, and orders rescinded, and, above all, the greatest incentive for conservation was removed by the successful ending of the war. However, the minds of the plant owners and operators have been inoculated with the germ of economy, efficiency, and conservation, and great good is resulting and is bound to continue to result. The seeds that have been sown will certainly bear abundant fruit, and even if a retrogression follows, nevertheless, the final level that wiU result will be much higher than the present standard. Respectfully submitted. M. S. Roberts, Assistant Administrative Fuel Engineer. Approved. Chaeles S. Brown, Administrative Fuel Engineer. Nashville, Tenn., February 15, 1919. TENNESSEE. Name. Title. OfBcial station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To- Myer, W. E., State fuel administrator. , Nashville. STATE ADVISORY BOAKD. AUen, Charles W.. BoiUn, Joseph A . . Edgerton, JohnE. Dodson, A. R Glemi, L. C Johnson, J. Fred.. Jordan, Robert L.. Shook, A. M Stanley, H.W Wilkerson, W. E.. Voight, J. Reid.... Greeueville . . ClarksviUe. . . Lebanon Humboldt... Nashville. ... Kingsport Mempnis NashvUle do Chattanooga. do STATE OPnCE PERSONNEL. Ligon, F. F Brown, Dr. Charles S . Cohn, Nathan Abemathy, R. W. BeaU, Horace A Bearden, Mrs. E. C. Cato, Mrs. Eugene. . Executive secretary Administrative luel engineer and director of conservation. Attorney Porter Nashville. do Clayppool, Hester., Flippen, Winnie Frank, Lillian Hoffman, W. P Myers, Mrs. Maud F. Ponder, John Allen. . Roberts, M. S., jr Stenographer. . do Filing clerk. . . Clerk., .do., .do., .do., .do., -do.. Rogers, Emmett. Rust, Mamie Ryan, B. A Thompson, Oscar. do Stenographer Publicity agent Filing clerk Porter Assistant administrative engi- neer and field agent. Clerk Memphis.. Nashville . do do do do Stenographer Accountmg officer.. Porter do Chattanooga. Nashville do do Webb, Bemice. Stenographer.. .do.. Carthage. 319 Seventh Avenue, North Nash- ville. 928 Acfclen Avenue, Nashville 3461 Woodrow Avenue, Nashville American Bank Building, Nash- ville. 476 La Clede Avenue, South Memphis. 906 Stamman Building, Memphis. 1716 Cedar Street, Memphis 2014 Patterson Street, MIemphis... Watertown 436 Ninth Avenue, Nashville 2120 Jones Avenue, Nashville 221 West Sixth Street, Chatta- nooga. 3107 Dudley Avenue, Nashville. . . 1401 South Freemont Avenue, Nashville. 300 Twenty-fourth Avenue, Nash- ville. V V V V V V V V V V V S V V S S S S Oct. 27,1917 Nov. 1,1917 ....do....... ....do ....do do do do do do do do Dec. 21,1917 May 1, 1918 Jan. 23,1918 Deo. 9, 1918 Nov. 6,1917 Nov. 10,1917 Dec. 18,1917 July 1, 1918 Aug. 1,1918 July 22,1918 Aug. 26,1918 8,1918 July Oct. Sept. 3, 1918 1,1918 July 1,1918 Nov. 28,1917 Dec. 17,1017 Aug. 30,1918 Sept. 17,1918 Apr. 3, 1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 31,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Dec. 15,1917 Mar. 1,1919 July 15,1918 Jan. 24,1919 Jan. 15,1919 Do. Jan. 31,1919 Do. Fee. 8,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Deo. 1,1918 Deo. 30,1917 Mar. 31,1919 Oct. 3, 1918 Feb. 5, 1919 FEDEBAL FUEL ADMINISTBATOBS. TENNESSEE— Continued. FDEL COMMITTEES. 353 Name. CUT FUEL COMMITTEES. Clarksville: Lowe, S. J., chairman. . . Cleveland: Hardwick, C. L., chaii- man. Nunnemaker, Guy Russell, Dr. T. S Wiggins, J. W NeUTR.M Dayton; Andrews, A. B., cliair- man. Darwin, J. R Hudson, W. O Candle, T. W Dyersburg: Latta, S. G., chairman.. Lauderdale, W. W Miller,LG Blakeman, S. R Brogden Englewood: Chestnut, J. W., chair- man. Vestm, A. I Memphis: La Malta, T. L., chair- man. Conly, John Ferd, C. L Chaptn, C. K Sheeban, J. E. W PutweUer, T. H Anderson, E. B Hally, ForestC COUHTY FUEL COMMITTEES. Anderson: Wallace, J. H., chair- man. Bedford: Cowan, Henry B., chair- man. Benton: Justice, A. S., chairman. Bledsoe: Gerren, J. M., chairman. Blount: Brown, Thomas N, chairman. Bradley: Russell, T. S., chairman. Canjpbell: Holllngsworth, M. H., chairman. Cannon: McCreary, L. H., chair- man. Carroll: Famell, R. J., chair- man. Carter: Barnes, J. M., chairman. Cheatham: Dozler, Hugh, chairman. Chester: Johnson, J. A., chair- man. Claiborne: Hubball, George A., chairman. Fowler, Edgar F., chair- man. Clay: Kyle, Charles, chairman. Cocke: Neas, W. B., chairman.. Coffee: Mitchell, J. A., chair- man. Crockett: Patrick, Frank S., chair- man. Cumberland: Klein, George, chairman. Davidson: De Witt, John H., chair- man. WJieat, W. I/., chairman. Blount, J. M., chairman, (successor). Dekalb: Bell, B. F., chairman. . . 122602—20- Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Clarksville. Cleveland.. .do -do -do .do Dayton. ..do.. ..do. ..do. Dyersburg. do do do ....do Englewood. -do. Memphis. . do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. do.. Clinton. Shelbyville. Camden... Pikeville. . Maryville. Cleveland . Jacksboro. Woodbury. McKenzie. . Elizabethton. . AsklandClty. Henderson Cumberland Gap. Harrogate Gelina Newport Tullahoma. Alamo. Crossville. Nashville. Decaturvllle.. ....do Alexandria. — 23 V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 1,1917 ....do ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. .do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. ..do... ..do... ..do... do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do Oct. 9,I91S Nov. 1,1917 do do do ....do ....do do Not. 1,1917 To- Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Oct. 8,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY ruEL COMMITTEES — continued. Dickson: Johnson^, S., chairman. Cowan, H. T., chairman (successor). Dyer: Latta, S. G., chairman. . Fayette: Maddox, E. A., chair- man. Franklin: Embrey, Thomas A., chairman. Gibson: Banks, Isham, chair- man. Nelson, Ma]. G. E. (successor). GUes: Porter, R. H., chairman. Grainger: Jamlgan, J. R., chair- man. Greene: Taylor, George C, chair- man. Grundy: Robertson, W. E ., chair- man. Hamblen; Mims, H. F., chairman. Hamilton; Williams, R. H., chair- man. Wilkerson, W. E. (suc- cessor). Hancock: Jarvis, L. C, chairman. Hardeman; Miller, C. A., chairman. Hardin; Weller, C. V Hawkins; Rogan, A. B., chairman Haywood; Burton, C. G., chairman Henderson; Holmes, J. H., chairman Henry; Porter, Joel M Hickman: Walker, J. B., chairman. Houston; Harris,Edgar,chairman. Humphreys; Fuqua, J. Ben., chair- man. Jackson; Quarles, Byrd, chair- man. McDearman, H. L. (suc- cessor). James; Marshall, J. S., chair- man. Jefferson: Godwin. O.E., chairman Johnson: Rambo, I. S., chairman. Knox: Green, John W., chair- man. Lake: Jackson, John C, chair- man. Lauderdale; Tucker, Wm., jr., chair- man. Lawrence; Crawford, C. T., chair- man. Lewis; Petway, Thomas J., chairman. Lincoln; Goodrich, George, chair- man. Loudon; Cassedy,J. E.,chairman. McMlnn: Nichols, Dr. J.O., chair- man. Todd, D. B., chairman, (siiooessor). McNatry: Adams,Louis, chairman. Official station. Dickson.. .....do.... Dyersburg. Somerville. Winchester.. Trenton do Pulaski... Rutledge.. Greeneville.. Tracy City.. Morristown... Chattanooga . . do Sneedville Bolivar Savannah Rogersville Brownsville. . . Lexington Paris Centerville Erin Waverly Gainesboro do Howardsville... Jefferson City. Mountain City Knoxville Tiptonvilie Ripley lawrenceburg . Hohenwald Fayetteville.... Loudon Etowah .• . ....do Selmer Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- To— Nov. 1,1917 do.. do do do do ....do do do do ....do ....do do Nov. 1,1917 -...do ....do ....do ....do ....do .-..do ....do ....do ....do do Nov. 1,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ...do ...do Nov. 1,1917 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Po. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 354 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. TENNESSEE— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. Name. Official station. Volim- teer or salary. Served. From— To— From - To- COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Macon: White,Elmer,chairman. Madison: Hartsvllle, R. F.D. Jackson V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Mar. 1,1919 do do June 6, 1918 Nov. 1,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Mar. 1,1919 Do. June 5, 1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. COUNTY PUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Scott: Toomey,John,chairman. Sequatchie: Walker J T Helen wood Dunlap SevierviUe Memphis do ....do V V V V V S V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 17 do.. do.. do.. Jan. 1 Dec. 1 Nov. 1 do.. do.. ,1917 Mar. 1, Do. Do. Jan. 1 Mar. 1 Jan. 15 Mar. 1 Do. Apr. 15, Mar. 1, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1919 Taylor, LawreiKe, chair- man. Marion: Sevier: Zirkle, G. L., chairman. Shelby: Gamsey, Cyrus, jr., chairman. Anderson, Frank (suc- cessor). . 1918 1917 1917 1918 man. Cook, A. A., chairman, (successor). Marshall: South Pitts- burg. Lewisburg Columbia Decatur Madison viUe... Sweetwater.... Clarksville Lynchburg Oakdale Union City Livingston Byrdstown Benton 1919 1919 McCord, Dr. J. N., chairman. Marn-y: Anderson, Wm. F., ' chairman. Meigs: Neil, J. H., chairman Smith: Ford, W. B., chairman.. Stewart: Pickard, Nixon, chair- man. Sullivan: Faucette, J. H., chair- man. Cochrane, W. H. (suc- cessor). Sumner: McGlothlin, H. L., chair- man. Tipton: Simonton, W. M., chair- man. Trousdale: Potts, R. M., chairman.. Unicoi: Ferguson, J. M., chair- man. Phettleplace, L. H. (suc- cessor). Union: Pahner, V. W., chair- man. Van Binen: Scott, H. E., chairman.. Warren: Colvffle, Frank, chair- man. Washington: Braoing, J. E., chair- man, Wayne: Hassell, T. S., chairman. Weakley: Boyd, George S., chair- man. White: Carter, E. E., chairman. WilUamson: Watts, G. H., chairman. Wilson: Walker, E.G Carthage Cumberland City. Bristol . ... 1919 191S Monroe: Kelauver, E. C, chair- do Gallatin Covington HartsviUe Erwin 1919 man. Patten J. H Nov. 1 do.. do.. do.. 1917 Montgomery: Conroy, John J., chair- man. Moore: Bean, J. J., chairman. . . Morgan: Anderson, J. W., chair- man. Obion: Walker, John T., chair- do Sharps Chapel.. Spencer McMinnville . . . Johnson City... Clifton Overton: Hargrove, John A., chairman, Pickett: Hassler,E. F.,cliairman. Polk: Nuchois, Dr. J. D., Nov. 1, do.. do.. 1917 chairman. Cookeville Dayton Rookwood SpringHeld .do Putnam: Collier, Frank, chairman. Rhea: SwafEord, J. B., chair- man. Roane: do.. do.. do.. Molyneaux, John, chair- man. Dresden Sparta Robertson: Shoulders, Dr. H. S., chairman. do.. do.. do.. McClanahan, W. W. Franklin Lebanon (successor). Rutherford: Richardson, James D., Murfreesboro. . . Nov. 17,1917 chairman. TEXAS. From the time when I received my appointment as Federal fuel administrator for Texas, October 29, 1917, until the latter part of March, 1918, my activities were directed toward securing fuel for domestic users. Very little coal had been shipped in and stored diu-ing the summer of 1917, and both the retail dealer and the consumer entered the winter without sufl&cient coal on hand to meet requirements. Transportation facilities, as you know, were badly handicapped, making the transportation of coal difficult. There was a great demand and a great deal of apprehension throughout the State, but I am glad to say that no real suffering existed. This result was largely brought about by the full cooperation, not only of the coal operator and the producer, but of the trans- portation companies which were in full accord with the United States Fuel Administration in its efforts to protect the people and which most wiUingly put forth every effort to that end. A request was aU that was needed to get any of the coal producing companies to ship immediately coal to any point where an emergency existed; and the railroads likewise gave all such cars preferential attention by following them with wire tracers and keeping my office fully advised by wire as to the movement of aU such cars, and, in some extreme cases, the railroad companies reMeved the situation by furnishing company coal for those that were in need. Very few orders were issued by me dvu-ing the year. The first one was on March 30, at which time maximum prices were fixed which retailers could not exceed in making their sale to domestic users. This order was reaUy the principal order issued by me dm-ing the year, and it was carefully and painstakingly lived up to by retail dealers. During the month of March, with your permission, maximum prices were named by me on lignite produced in Texas. This order stabilized the market and put the lignite operators on a basis where they were able to produce lignite at a price that was fair to the producers as well as to the consumers. At the beginning of April the campaign that was inaugurated all over the country for the storing of coal during the summer months for winter use was given attention with splendid resiilts. Not only the retail dealers but the consumers placed their orders and stored their coal, so that by the beginning of September I beheve that 65 per cent of the domestic coal needed in Texas for use up until April 1, 1919, was stored in the bins of the consunaer. However, neither the United States Fuel Administration nor the State fuel administrators deserve any credit for the success of this campaign; the moment was psychological, for the people, remembering the troubles of the previous winter, needed no lu-ging to buy when the opportunity presented itself, and they stored coal needed for this winter's use. During July an order was issued by me, requiriag all retail coal dealers to register as such and to receive a registration certfficate, permitting them to handle coal at retail. This order also provided that no coal operator or wholesale coal dealer could ship or consign coal for domestic purposes to any individual, partnership, firm or corporation in the State of Texas, except to those who had registered as retail coal dealers and who held registra- tion certificates as such. In August, it appearing necessary and prudent that that portion of the State where no fuel was available other than coal shipped in, should be protected and should receive itp supphes before other parts of the State where wood was available, an order was issued by me, restricting the shipment of domestic coal to the 105 wooded counties in Texas. This order, in my judgment, was proper and very beneficial, as the coal operators immediately made shipments to the imrestricted counties with the result that soon aU orders to such counties were filled. The conditions being thus changed, on October 26 I canceled the order in question. During the summer and fall I requested and designated the Hon. Charles C. Cobb, jr., of Marshall, Tex., one of the State advisory committee, to take charge of and inaugurate a campaign in that portion of Texas where wood was available, looking to the securing of some substitute fuel. Mr. Cobb handled this in a most thorough businesslike manner with splendid results. Dm-ing the summer on their own initiative and entirely volimtarily the retail coal dealers of Texas, knowing the great expense that the Government had in maintaining the United States Fuel Administration and the dif- ferent State administrations, requested the privilege of contributing to the expense and maintenance of the Federal fuel administration of Texas. This liberal proposition was accepted with the result that the Texas fuel administration is not now calling on the United States Fuel Administration for fimds to pay its expenses, and it has sufficient funds on hand to continue paying the expenses of this office imtil April of next year. This action on the part of the retail coal dealers in Texas should commend them to you and to aU other citizens who recognize and appreciate patriotic effort. 355 356 RBPOET OF ADMINISTBATIVE DIVISION. At the present time I have only two orders in effect, namely: The one that requires aU those who desire to engage ia the retail coal busiaess to apply for registration, and receive a registration certificate before engaging in this business; and one that names maximum prices that retailers can not exceed in making sales to domestic users. Fuel conditions at this time in Texas are aU that coxild be wished for. The stocks at aU points are fully adequate to supply the demand. The operators are now looking for business and are prepared to ship ail orders the same day that they are received. Likewise, the raUroads are moving freely aU shipment without delays. In fact, conditions could not be better as far as taking care of the needs of the consumer is concerned. The foregoing covers the work duriag the year of the Texas fuel administration. There are minor matters that came up from time to time, but not of any moment. During the year's work I met with the fullest coopera- tion from the consumers, from the retail and wholesale dealers, from the transportation companies and from the operators. All were willing and glad to cooperate and help carry out the pohcies outhned by the United States Fuel Administration and to make effective aU rules and regulations promulgated by the United States Fuel Administration as well as the Federal fuel administration of Texas. This splendid spirit of helpfuhiess and cooperation was largely the result of the painstaking effort and work put forth by the State advisory board: R. H. Stewart, Dallas; W. D. CMne, "Wichita Falls; Charles C. Cobb, jr., Marshall; John M. Wyatt, El Paso; A. B. Weakley, San Antonio; H. O. Wooten, Abilene; C. R. Garner, Amarillo; Andrew Dow, Houston; T. S. Keed, jr., Beaumont; Alex Cobden, Fort Worth; together with the three hundred and odd local county fuel comimittee- men, all of whom gave their time unstintedly to the work of the State fuel administration. They seemed to be inspired with a patriotic zeal to do everything possible to help our Government win the war that we were forced to engage in. Any success attained by the Federal fuel administration of Texas is attributable solely to those splendid men and to you and the gentlemen who have so ably assisted you in Wasington in outlining the policies and rules that have governed; and to you and to aU those in Texas and in Washington, who have so ably and conscientiously assisted, I wish to express my sincerest thanks. Sincerely, yom-s, Wiley Blaib, Federal Fuel Administrator for Texas. Dallas, Tex., December 20, 1919. TEXAS. Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From — To- Blalr, Wiley STATE ADVISOKT BOABD. Cline, W. D Cobb, CO., jr.. Dow, Andrew.. Reed, T. S Gamer, C. E Stewart, B. H.. Weakley, A. B. Wooten, H. A.. Wyatt, J. M.... CoDden, Alex.. State fuel administrator. Chairman. Paclflo and Hawkins Streets, Dallas. Wichita Falls. Marshall Houston Beaumont Amarillo Dallas San Antonio.. Abilene El Paso Fort Worth... CONSERVATION ABVISOKT BOARD. Cooper, H. S Scott, Arthur C. , Stewart, E. H.... Taylor, Thos. U. ChalrmaD. Dallas.. do.. do.. Austin. STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Smith, Hmiter S Cobb, Charles C, jr. . Elllfritz, R. B Hardgrave, A Petty, Van A., jr Abbey, A. S Bullington, Orville... Garden, Mrs. Fannie. Hall, Mrs. C.E Kingsbury, W. E Longacre, Vida Lowe, Myrtle McGowan, Clyde Oakes, Hattie Payne, J. Howard. . . Executive secretary Director wood fuel committee . Chief hotel conservation Administrative engineer Assistant field supervisor Private secretary. , Stenographer Publicity Stenographer do do do Publicity Dallas Marshall Dallas do San Antonio.. Dallas Wichita Falls. Dallas do... do do Zone 17 Dallas do do DaUas., Wichita Falls. Marshall Houston Beaumont Amarillo Dallas San Antonio.. Abilene El Paso Fort Worth... Dallas.. do.. do.. Austin. 1912 Gano Street Marshall , DaUas 2011 Garrett Avenue San Antonio , Dallas 710 Fuemore Street] WiciiitaFaUs! 2020 Corinth Street, Dallas Dallas do 212 West Ninth Street, Dallas Zone 17 Park Hotel, Dallas Dallas do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V S V V V V S V s s V Oct. 29,1917 Nov. 15,1917 ....do doi ....do ....do ....do ....do do ....do Jan. 1,1918 Sept. 1,1918 do do do Nov. Feb. Oct. Aug. Sept. Nov. Oct. Dec. Jan. Nov. Aug. July Jan. Dec. Nov. 15,1917 18,1918 1, 1918 13,1918 15,1918 19, 1917 23,1918 6,1918 7,1918 15,1917 21,1918 12,1918 21,1918 12,1917 15,1917 Mar. 31,1919 Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Mar. 31,1919 Feb. 1,1919 Do. Jan. 15,1919 Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Mar. 31,1919 Mar. 1,1918 Feb. 1,1919 Do. Sept. 7,1918 Jan. 31,1919 Jan. 2,1919 Feb. 1,1919 FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTBATOES. TEXAS— Continued. FDEL COMMITTEES. 357 Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES. Anderson: Dilley, G. E., chairman. Andrews: Means, J. S.,. chairman.. Aransas: McClary, E. C, chairman. Archer: Conner, C. R., chairman. Armstrong: Collins, I. N., chairman Atascosa: Ricks. F. B., chairman. CampbeU, W. J Walton, J. A Austin: Duncan, C. D., chairman Hellmuth, C. F Bailey: Smith, N. P., chairman. Bandera: Davenport, W. J., chair- man. Bastrop: Jones, O. ¥j. chairman. . Pearcy, J. H Turner, J. O Baylor: Mitchell, C. H., chairman. Bee: Brown, J. W., chairman. Farmer, J. S Hutchinson. F. G Marsh, W. R Bell: Wade, C. B., chairman. Carroll, P. W Dalton, M. P Gibson, C. L Morris, J. V Williamson, L. S Bexar: Cuimingham, J. H., chairman. Jarratt, J. E Blanco: Martiny . Wm. , chairman. Goan, V. B Johnson, J. E Borden: Spears, A. B., chairman. Bosque: Huggins, Fred M., chair- man. Bowie: Grim, W. R., chairman. Brazoria: Jamison, Bert, chairman. Brazos: Burger, H. A., chainnaiL Brewster: Berkeley, B. F., chair- man. Briscoe: Morris, George S., chair- man. Brooks: Miller, Richard G., Chairman. Brown: Blackwell, J., chairman. Ahney, F. S Burleson: McCarty, J. F., chairman Burnet: Modish, J. L.j chairman. Chamberlin, L. C Faubion, H. E Caldwell: Baker, George W., chair' man. Flowers, M. O Richards, C. F Calhoun: Noble, W. C, chairman. CaUahan: Ely, W. R., chairman... Cameron; Winsor, George H., chairman. Pease, C. H Walker, A. B Cainp: Hargrove, W. C, chair- man. Carson: O'Keefe. Marvin (de- ceased), chairman. Cmtchfleld, J. J Simms, W. F OfBcial station. Volun- teer or salary. Palestine Andrews Rockport Archer City. . Claude Pleasanton. . . Campbellton. Jourdanton.. Bellville. do... Mulshoe. Bandera. Bastrop do do Seymour. Beeville. . do... do... do... Belton,. Temple . . Killeen.. Rogers . . Bartlett.. Temple.. San Antonio . ....do Johnson City.. do do Gail Meridian. . Texarkana. Angleton..! Bryan Alpine Silverton.. FaUurrias. Brownwood.. ....do Caldwell. Bertram Burnet Marble Falls.. Lockhart ....do ....do Port Lavaca. Baird San Benito... BaymondviUe Brownsville. . . Pittsburg Panhandle, White Deer.... Panhandle V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 15,1917 do do do do ..do ..do ..do ..do. ..do. ..do ..do do. do. do. do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. -do. -do. -do. do. do. do. do. do. -do. -do. ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. To— -do. .do. .do. ..do. -do. .do. -do. .do. do.. ...do.. ...do.. do.. ..do.. ..do.. ....do.. ...do... ...do... .do.. ..do.. ..do.. Fob. 1, ■ Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1919 Do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Cass: Ellington, J. J., chair- man, Castro: Harvey, Cash, chairman. Chambers: Rush, C. C, chairman. . . Sterrett, Fred R Cherokee: McFarland, J. E., chair- man. Childress: Crews, J. M. , chairman. . Clay: Brightwell, S. M., chair- man. Coke: Terry, L. D., chairman. . Coleman: Alexander, R. H., chair- man. Collin: Burrus, J. Perry, chair- man. Bolton, W. T Neathery, Dan Collingsworth: Wells, E. A., chairman.. Colorado: Dick, Leon F., chairman. Comal: Wagenfuehr, R. H., chairman. Galli, Harry McKjnney, A. C Comanche: Hicks, S. J., chairman. . Streety, W. C Concho: Patton, J. M^ chairman. MoUoy, W. T Cooke: Whaley, J. C, chairman. Coryell: Williams, A. R., chair- man. Cottle: McKibben, I. A., chair- man. Crockett: Massie, R., chairman Crosby: Shaw, R. D., chairman . Culberson: Hunter, J. C, chairman. Dallam: Swearingin, T. L., chair- man. Dallas: Davis, C. W.j chairman.. Johnson, J. L Atwell, B. D Bowers, T Davis, A. K Hall, Vemor Walker, W. W Wakefield, C. L Thompson, Bob Eandlett, Sam Dawson: Smith, Ira, chairman Deal Smith: Cardwell, J. H., chair- man. Delta: Walker, R.M., chairman. Denton: Turner, D. R., chairman. Dewitt: Jaeggli, F. W., chairman. Eckhardt. Marcellus Eeiflert, Walter Dickens: Davis, Sol R., chairman Offlclal station. Volun- teer or salary. Atlanta. Dimmitt. Winnie.. Stowell.. Jacksonville.. Childress Henrietta Bronte... Coleman. McKiimey. . do. Farmersville . . Wellington Columbus New Braunfels. -do. .do. Comanche.. De Leon. . . Dimmit: Levering, PaulC, chair- man. Donley: Bourland, Frank, chair- man. Duval: Null, G. C, chairman... Eastland: Harrell, F. E., chairman. Fee, C. H Eetor: Graham, E. V., chair- man. Paint Rock. Eden Gainesville.. GatesviUe. . . Paducah. Ozona Crosbyton.. Van Horn.. Dalhart Dallas ....do Hutchins... Seagoville. . . Garland Dallas Mesquite Dallas Richardson. Lancaster... Lamesa Hereford . Cooper.. Denton . Cuero Yorktown.. Cuero Spur Bigwells... Clarendon.. San Diego.. Cisco Eastland.. Odessa.. V V V V V. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 15,1917 .do.. do.. do.. .do. To- ..do. ..do. ..do. do. .do. ....do. ....do. .do. .do., .do. .do. -do. .do. -do. ...do. ...do. ...do.. ...do-. ...do.. ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do. -.-.do ....do Nov. 1,1917 Nov. 15,1917 do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 358 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. TEXAS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY ItJEL COMMITTEES— continued. Edwards: Smart, Lon R., chair- man. ElUs: Lasswell, Lynn D., ' chairman. Clarice, J. L George, Whit EI Paso: Stevens, Horace B., chairman. Binford, O. T Darbyshire, B. F Moran, Wm. J Erath: Higginbotham, Willis, chairman. Cole, J.B Falls: Davis, L. J., chairman. . Fannin: Bradford, C. L., chair- man. Sweeney, A. E Underwood, Frank Fayette: Alexander, Jake, chair- man. Johnson, C. P Eussek, Gus Fisher: Ford, L., chairman Floyd: Baker, Artie, chairman. . Boemer, W. L Foard: Self, J. H. , chairman — Fort Bend: Farmer, J. E., chairman. Franklin: Fleming, J. M., chair- man. Freestone: Riley, Eobt. F., chair man. Frio: Maney, Mason, chair- man. Gaines: Cobb, L. L., chairman.. Cotton, T.W Galveston: Merritt, Wesley, chair- man. Lange, Alvin T Garza: Stevens, W. O., chair- man. Gillespie: Smith, Temple D., chair- man. Glasscock: Henderson, J. W. , chair- man. Goliad: Zlrkland, G. C, chair- man. Gonzales: Douglas, J. S. , chairman. Gray: . , . Crawford, J. T., jr., chair- man. Cheney, W.C Reeves, R. P Grayson: Platter,H. C, chairman. Cautrell, J. L Gray,B.D Tipps, J. A Gregg: Kelly, R. M., chairman . Grimes: Templeman, Ward, chairman. Guadalupe: Weinert, H. H., chair- man. Baxter, Septimus Starcke, Max Hale: Sewell, C. W., chairman. Brashear, O. E Hall: Baldwin, A., chairman. . Read, J.H Hamilton: Carlton, G, M., chairman. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. Rocksprings.. Waxahachie . Ennis. Italy.. El Paso. .do. .do. .do. Stevenville.. Dublin Marlin Bonbam . Ladonia Honey Grove. Lagrange Flatonia Schulenberg... Eoby Lockney. . Floydada. Crowell Richmond Mount Vernon Teague Pearsall Seminole. do... Galveston. ...-.do.... Post Fredericksburg Garden City... Goliad Gonzales. Pampa... McLean. . Alanreed. Denison WUtewright.. Sherman Whitesboro . . . Longview. NavaKta... V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Seguin. .do. .do. Plainview.. do Memphis.. do.... Hamilton. From— V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 15,1917 -do. .do. -do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do... .do... -do... -do... .do.... -do .do. -do. -do. do.... do.... do.... do.... .....do.... do.... do ..do.... ..do. ..do. ....do. ....do. ....do. To- .do. ....do ....do ....do ....do.... .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do .do.... .do. do do .do .do .do. .do. do... Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTV rCEL COMMlTTEEa— continued. Hansford: Brandt, Fred, chairman. Hardeman: ' Hughes, Ralph, chair- man. Moffett,F. L Hardin: Pope, Carl, chairman — Thompson, Alex Harris: Sohulmacher, Henry, chairman. Harrison: Tumey, Marvin, chair- man. Hartley; Phillips, J. H., chairman. Haskell: Alexander, F. G., chair- man. Hays: MacNaughton, G. A., chairman. Cook, Gustav Smith, F. Sidney Hemphill: Isaacs, Sam, chairman. . Henderson: La Rue, J. T., chairman. Hidalgo: Gause,Jno.P.,chalrman. Bishop, H.P Gossage, W. H Hill: White, G. L., chairman. Martin, A. J Hood: Cogdell, Dan C, chair- man. Hopkins: Williams, Artie, chair- man. Houston: Adams, Joe, chairman. . Howard: Pool, A. E., chairman... Hudspeth: Ilimi man. Hunt: East, T. E., chairman.. Maloney, E. E Harkey, F. E Pratt, Leo Irion: Hughes.D. E.,ohalrman Jones, Gus, chairman. . Knox, J. W Jackson: Hardsdorfl, C. M., chair- man. Jasper: Glbbs, H. N., chairman. Jeff Davis: Wilson, T.M:, chairman. Jefferson: Oxford, H. B . .chairman. Bowes, Jos., jr Jim Hogg: Hellen, C. W., chairman. Draper, J. C Hlnnant, Robt Jim Wells: Cook, George D., chair- man. Johnson: Norwood, Sid, chairman. Jones: Pittard,Knox,chairman. Hudson, W.C Karnes: Euckman, J. W., chair- man. McGoldrick, H. W Nusom, L. L Kaufman: Eussell, T. C, chairman Kendall: Shumard, N. A., chair- man. Wllke.Wm. J Kent: Moreland, H. J., chair- man. Robinson, J. E Sllliman, E. R., chair- Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Hansford... Quanah Chillicothe. Saratoga . Sourlake . Houston. Marshall . Channing . Haskell... San Marcos. . -do. -do. Canadian. Athens Mercedes. . Mission... Edinburg. Hillsboro. Blum Granbury. SulphurSprings Crockett Big Spring Sierra Blanca. Greenville. . Commerce . Lone Oak. . Commerce. Mertzon . Jacksboro. do.... Edna. Jasper.. Martha . Beaumont Port Arthur... Hebbronville., do .....do Alice. Cleburne. Anson Stamford.. Karnes City.. Kenedy Runge Terrell Boeme .....do Jayton. do.. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— V V V V V V V Nov. 16,1917 do do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do .do.... .do.-.. ..do. ..do. ..do- .do. .do. ..do. .do. .do. .do.. .do. ..do. .do: .do. .do. -do., .do., .do., .do.. ....do ....do ....do.... To- .do. V do V do V V do do V V V do do do .do.. .do.. ....do.. ....do.. do.. ....do... ....do... Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. .do .do .do .do ..do Do. Do. Do. Do.' Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATOBS. TEXAS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 359 Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Kerr: Geddie, H. C, chairman. Kimble: Riley, W. P., chairman. Hodgea, J. N Japliig, A. L Kinney: Lane, Frank, chairman. . De Witt, J. E Nipper, W. W Kleburg: Kahlden, W. F., chair- man. Harrell.N. M Allen, H.E House, C. P Knox: Howell, E. R., chairman. Jamison, E. O Lamar: Smith, J. A., chairman. . Lamb: Street, W. G., chairman. Lampasas: Walker, Roy L., chair- man. Walton, W.H Yates, C.L Lasalle: Gallman, H., chairman. . Manly, C. E Lavaca: Simpson, J. H., chair- man. Houchlns, E. H Lee: Hlllman, J, S., chair- man. Nisbet, A. J Fariss, Latoyette Leon: Dazelle,W. A., chairman Liberty: Jamison, W. T., chair- man. Limestone: McKenzle, Tracy, chair- man. McKlnney, W. E Allen.E.A Lipscomb: Black, T. H., chairman.. Live Oak: Hill, W. A.jChairman... Chiu-ch,F.H Llano: Buttery, Henry, chair- man. Buie, J. B Byfield, G. W Lubbock: Carter, Kinch, chair- man. Lynn: Slaton, W. B., chairman. McCulloch: White, G. R., chairman. McLennan: Moore, Bart, chairman. . Lacy, Walter G-... Smyth, Earl Caufleld, George.... Ingraham, B. B — Westbrook, Coke... Madison: Dean, T. T., chairman. . Marion: Spellings, H. A., chair- man. Martin: Ebbersol, Charles, chair- man. Mason: Martin, Max, chairman . White,!. W Lemburg^. J Hofman, Wm Matagorda: Moreland, L. I., chair- man. Maverick: Herring, George, chair- man. Morris, W.C Boehmer, Jos. O Medina: Saathofl, W. N., chair- man. Officialstation. Kerrville. , Jimction., do do Brackettville.. do do Kingsville. . ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. Benjamin.. Knox City. Paris Littlefield. Lampasas. . Lometa... Kempner. . CotuUa.... do Hallettsville.. do Giddings .do. -do. Jewett.- Dayton. Mexia. . do Groesbeck.. Higgins Three Rivers.. Oakville Llano - .do- .do. Lubbock. . Tahoka. Brady.. Waco do...- Mart McGregor. West Lorena Madisonville.. Jeflerson Stanton. Mason. ....do. ....do. ....do. Bay City... Eagle Pass. .do. .do. Hondo. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Nov. 15,1917 do .....do do ...do ...do ...do ...do .do., .do., .do.. ....do ....do .do.. .do.. .do.. .do., .do.. .do., .do.. ....do ....do ....do.... ..do- ..do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do.... ..do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ....do.. -do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do.. To- Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ■ Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. Ollicial station. COUNTY PUEL COMMITTEES- oontinuod. Menard: Jopling, A. L., chairman Midland: Burns, M. F., chairman Milam: Hardy, T. F., chairman Wilson, D. L Mills: Harrison, D., chairman. Mitchell: Hutchinson, H. L., chairman. Montague: McCall, C, chairman Morgan, C. E Montgomery: Woodson, A. R., chair- man. Moore: Morton, R. W., chair- man. Morris: Hargrove, W. C, chair- man. Motley: Moore, Ranee P., chair- man. Nacogdoches: Tucker, F. H., chairman. Navarro: Calhoun, Jno. C, chair- man. Newton: Terry, E. O., chairman.. Nolan: Cochran, John, chairman. Nueces: Thaxton, W. L., chair- man. Allen, Frank C Staton, J. W Oldham: May, J. E., chairman Orange: Sells, George M., chair- man. Palo Pinto: Wynn, I. N., chairman.. Hinkson, R. C Panola: Cook, J. W., chairman. . Parker: Maddox, S. G., chair- man. Erwin,T. E Hart,J.M Parmer: Hopping, R. C, chair- man. Volun- teer or salary. Menard.. Midland . Cameron. ....do... Qoldthwalte. Colorado Nocona. Bowie... Eooney, J. M., chair- man. Polk: Peters, J. E., chairman. Potter: BlasdeU, E. S., chair- man. Hall,J.r Eule,W. S Presidio: Wilson, T. M., chair- man. Earns: McCallon, S. K., chair- man. Randall: Gamble, Oscar, chair- man. Reagan: Cutbirth, Sam, chair- man. Puckett,W. L Real: Thompson, D. D., chair- man. Red Elver: Graves, A. M., chair- man. Beeves: Beauohamp, T. H., chairman. Reiugio: Walker. H. C, chair- man (deceased). Swift, L.M Roberts: Cowan, C. R., chairman. Conroe. Served. From— Dumas. . Pittsburg. Matador... Nacogdoches. Corsicana Newton Sweet Water. . Corpus Christi. .do. .do. Vega Orange.. Mineral Wells. Stra-wn Carthage Weatherford . .do., .do.. Farwell. Fort Stockton. Livingston Amarillo ...do.. ...do.. Marfa... Emory.. Canyon. Big Lake.. do lyeakey Clarksvllle. Pecos Woodsboro.. Austwell Miami V V Nov. 15,1917 ....do .do. .do. ....do.. ....do.. To— ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do- ,.do. .do.. ..do.. .do.. .do.. -do.. .do-, .do.. .do.. .do.. .do., .do.. ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ,...do ...do .do., .do.. .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do Do Do. Do. Do. • Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, 360 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIYISIOBT. TEXAS— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. Name. Official station. Volim- teer or salary. Served. From— To- From- To- COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Robertson: V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 15,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Feb. 1,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES- continued. Trinity: Aycock, T. J., chairman. Tyler: Mann, D, G., chairman. . Upshur: Crosby, C. T., chairman. Upton: Taylor, D. M., chairman. Uvalde: Love, W. D., chairman. . Valverde: Hatton, E. A., chairman. Van Zandt: Gilchrist, Henry, chair- man. Victoria: Buhler, F. S., chairman. Clegg, J. H Groveton Colmesneil Gilmer V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V .V V V V V V . V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 15, 1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do....... do do do do do do do do do do do June 21,1918 Oct. 23,1918 Feb. 1,1919 man. Gibson, S M Calvert Do. Lomax, 3". H Franklin Rockwall Winters Ballinger Henderson Brookeland Hemphill San Augustine - Groveton RiTit.nTi Rockwall: Do. Foree, E. D., cbairman.. Runnels: Adams, Jno. Q., chair- man. Kirk,B.C Rankin Uvalde Del Rio Wills Point.... Victoria ....do Do. Do. Rusk: Morris, 0. E., chairman. Sabine: Hart, E. D., chairman. . Do. Do. San Augustine: Brooks, Jno. H., chair- Do. Do. man. Roos R. B do . ... Do. San Jacinto: Aycock, T. J., chairman. San Patricio: Albertson, C. I., chair- Walker: Ball, Lewis E . .chairman . Waller: Schwarz, M., chairman. . Ward: Carr, Zack, chairman Washington: WiIkins,C.L., chairman. Webb: Kenny, J. W., chairman. Wharton: Brooks, Tom, chairman. Huntsville Hempstead Barstow....... Brenham Do. Do man. San Saba: Burleson, R. W., chair- man. Schleicher: Christian, J. B., chair- San Saba Eldorado Snyder Do. Do. Do. man. Scurry: Thrane, 0. P., chair- Wharton El Campo Shamrock Wichita Falls.. Burkbumett... Electra Iowa Park Burkbumett... Wichita Falls.. Vernon Odell Do. Do. man. Shaoklelord: Reynolds, A, W., chair- man. Shelby: Albany Wheeler: Small, Judge E. H., chairman. Wichita: McCutcheon, C. E., chairman. Carl, A. A Do. Do. Sherman: Stratford do .... Do. Steel, C. M., chairman. . Brewer, J. R . . Do Walker, L.C Corridon, Tom, jr Cooper, H. C Do. Do Smith: Fleming, George WUbarger: Hawkins, L. G., chair- man. Starr, W. P Do. Do. Do Somervell: Milam, C. A., chairman. Starr: Guerra, J. C, chairman. Glen Rose Rio Grande Sterling City... Aspermont Sonora Sterling: Wmfrey, A. L ... Harrold Sarita Do Cole, J. S., chairman Stonewall: ■ Willacy: Thomham, J. S., chair- man. Williamson: Challoimer, C. B., chair- man. Smith, M. F Do McLaury, W. A,, chair- man. Sutton: Taylor Do Trainer, J. W., chairman. Swisher: Georgetown Tulia Cantrell, Joe, chairman.. Do. Do Tarrant: Fort Worth.... do do « Abilene do . . do Young, W. P Granger Hodgson, Arthur D., Marsh, T.W chairman. Ladd,W.T Turner, W. G Taylor: Garrison, J. F., chair- man. Wilson: King, J. A., chairman. . . Wise: Renshaw, Gordon, chair- man. Williams, Guinn Floresyille Decatur do Do. Do. Do' Morrison, J. F Parker, Oscar Wood: Landers, M. H., chair- man. Cain,C. M Mineola Winnsboro Graham Tuscola Sanderson Brownfleld Throckmorton . Mount Pleas- ant. SanAngelo do Terrell: Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 1,1919 Do Kerr, Joe, chairman Terry: Halley, 0. T., chairman. Throckmorton: Young: Mnrrison, J. E., chair- man. Baohman, J. A., chair- man. Titus: Kennedy, F. L., chair- man. Tom Green: Zavala: Davis, W. M., chairman. on. DIVISION. Hazlett, A. J., oil supervisor. McMahon, Winston, local oU representative. Crystal City.... Hemphill, W. M., chair- man. Jackson, E. I Travis: Long, W. E., chairman. Woodward, D. K., jr.... Badger, W.H do do UTAH. • FUEL ORGANIZATION. W. W. Ai-mstrong was appointed fuel administrator for Utah by Dr. H. A. Garfield, United States Fuel Administrator at Washington, September 28, 1917. During October he organized the State fuel administration by the appointment of an executive secretary, a stenographer, a State advisory committee, a city committee, county committees, in each county of the State, a director of publicity and a special investigator. On October 19 a conference of the State administrators of Utah, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, California, and Nevada was held at Salt Lake, at W. W. Armstrong's request. There was organized a district car service bureau to take charge of the movement of coal traffic to and from all railroad mines in Utah and southern Wyo- ming. This bureau was supported by an allotment from each State concerned, of part of its State's budget allowed by Washington. J. S. Spelman, division superintendent. Western Pacific Railroad, was appointed director of the car service bureau, and he immediately organized his staff with Chief Clerk H. S. Stone, statis- tician; E. J. Hilton, stenographer; and as traveling inspectors, Dennis Fitzpatrick, J. A. Smith, D. E. Ogilvie, C. I. Thatcher, J. R. Austin, C. A. Shepard, C. H. Arns, H. S. Greathouse, and W. R. Groom. In November a branch of the car service bureau was opened at San Francisco in charge of Messrs. Groom and Greathouse. ACTIVITIES. The work of the bureau brought about an immediate improvement in traffic conditions due to the speeding up of car movement both loaded and empty, the enforcement of regulations providing for diversion of through (Red Ball) freight from the Denver & Rio Grande, thus releasing engines for coal hauling, and the constant inspection of railroad and mine yards and tracks to prevent delay and congestion. At the same time the Utah administration carried out a complete house-to-house canvass in Salt Lake with the invaluable aid of the Mormon Church organization and the city committees; this canvass showed the stocks on hand and the urgent require- ments, enabling the administration with the loyal cooperation of the retail dealers to relieve promptly the emergency needs of the domestic consimiers. Similar canvasses were made in most of the other cities in Utah with similar residts. By special authority from Dr. Garfield the Utah administration was designated to control the distribution of emergency carload shipments to the six States, and with the cooperation of the Utah and Wyoming producers all emergency requests from the State administrators were promptly met and, with the improvement in traffic conditions due to the bureau, the acute shortage in Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and part of California was relieved so rapidly that by the end of December coal distribution and supply were normal and aU danger of actual shortage or suffering was over. The margins of retail dealers and also trade practices were investigated and regulated through the city and county committees, with the assistance of Special Investigator Charles L. Smith. The administration made a serious effort to perfect a central distributing agency for the joint control of retail distribution in Salt Lake City, and was able to show a net saving to the community of about 50 cents per ton by the reduction of expense due to consolidation, but after repeated conferences with the dealers it seemed impossible to agree upon any satis- factory plan and the project was abandoned. Jobbers' margins and the status of several sales and jobbing concerns were investigated and reported to Washington for regulation. In January an effort was made to secure additional markets for Utah and Wyoming coal in Nebraska and Kansas, but after three weeks' correspondence with Washington and the State administrations of Nebraska and Kansas no results were secured. On February 15 the car service biu-eau was abolished to save expense, its work being finished for the season. Mr. Spelman and most of his assistants were immediately called to Washington to organize similar work for the War Department explosive plants at Nitro and Nashville. On May 9 the State administrators of Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, California, Oregon, Washington, and Arizona met in Salt Lake City for a conference with Mr. Walter E. Hope of the Washington headquarters. This conference discussed problems of production and distribution in the several States, with recommendations that were made to Dr. Garfield. 361 362 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. On June 1 Washington asked if Utah could spare 100,000 tons of coal for export to Honolulu. We approved the sale and were informed that the producing company had accepted contract accordingly. On June 10 Mr. Morrow and Mr. Calloway, of Washington, called a conference at Salt Lake City of the Utah and Wyoming producers to agree upon the nomination of a district representative to have direct charge of production and interstate distribution. The State administrators of Utah, Idaho, Nevada, and Wyoming were present. The meeting recommended Moroni Heiner for district representative, with A. D. Pierson and D. H. Pape as assistants. The State administrators were instructed to deal directly with the district repre- sentative on all matters of production and shipment from mines. Effective June 25 freight rates on coal from Utah and Wyoming were advanced 25 per cent, retailers being prohibited from adding this advance to the cost of coal on hand. This caused considerable confusion and demoralization in the retail trade on account of establishing different prices for storage coal and for current shipments; and much correspondence with Washington ensued, but without any final relief being granted. All manufacturing plants in Utah were listed for the preference committee, showing users of fuel and of hydro- electric power. ' This fact limited the necessity of preference distribution of fuel and also the effect of conserva- tion measures for economy in use of coal for industrial and power plants. An order was issued to retailers regulating margins, prohibiting forking and screening of coal at the yards, and requiring the posting of costs, margins, retail prices, and delivery charges; and also an order was issued to produceis prohibiting carload shipments to other than regular retail dealers, industrial consumers, and public institutions. All retail dealers were required to register; and certificates of registration were issued, and lists were furnished the producers for their guidance in making shipments. A complete list was also sent to Washington for the use of the distribution and statistical divisions. At the request of Washington, H. M. Ferguson of the Utah Power & Light Co., was appointed State director of conservation, and 50,000 copies of a circular of instructions on the use and care of heating plants were mailed to householders. The conservation division requested that the "sldp-stop" plan of operating street cars be inaugurated in Salt Lake as a matter of uniformity with other cities and for economy in time and man power, although no coal would be saved, our power being hydrogenerated. The Utah administrator recommended consideration of the plan to the Traction Co., the utilities commission, and the city commission, with the result that the "skip- stop" operation was put into effect. The signing of the armistice on November 11, with the certainty that the fuel administration would terminate under the provisions of the Lever Act upon the conclusion of peace, and the apparent lack of necessity for further regulation of the Utah situation, led Mr. Armstrong to terminate the office organization and expenses as of November 30, turning all property and records over to Mr. Williams pending final disposition. PUBLICITY. 1. Special articles, letters, and posters on increased use of wood for fuel. 2. Posters for furnace rooms on the care of heating plants. 3. Circulars on saving coal by care in opening doors and windows, shutting off radiators, etc. 4. Tag-your-shovel-day carried out by school children throughout the State. 5. Special storage articles in January, 1918. 6. Special storage campaign and articles, with 50,000 letters to householders in March, 1918, carried out by the producers association with the assistance of the fuel administrator. To promote this campaign, retail dealers were authorized to add to the price of coal on hand July 1 , the advance in mine prices authorized March 19, but not taken by producers until July 1. EespectfuUy submitted. W. W. Armstrong, Salt Lake City, Utah, Federal Fuel Administrator for Utah. March IB, 1919. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 363 UTAH. Name. Title. OfBcial station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From- To— Armstrong, W. W STATE ADVISOKY BOARD. Dem, Geo. H . . , Giant, Heber J.. State fuel administrator. Chairman . Keames, Thomas (de- ceased). Park, SamuelC Bywater, Jos. G , Dixon, John Pe Gray. Carver, James S , SALT LAKE CITY COM- MITTEE. Auerbach, Herbert - Castle, Church P.. . Freed, Lester Hawley, C. B Decker, Joseph Ashbridge, Otto E . Lippman, Jos. E Neslen, C. Clarence.. Ingebretsen, James. . Chairman. STATE OFFICE PEK30NNEL. Bailey, Ledyard M Executive secretary Williams, G. W Ferguson, H. M Rawlins, Athol Schramm, Mrs. WyimC... Spelman, John S Evans Frank Ams,C.H: Austin, J. B . Bailey, Grace W. Barr, Mrs. M Connelly, Lillian B Elliott, Mrs. T. D Fitzpatrick, D. A Greathouse, H. S. Gregory, C. N Groom, W. E Hilton, E.J Kellogg, J. J Lee. Mary Nelligan, T. A Ogilvie, D. E Olson, Mrs. Hazel. Shepherd, C. A.... Smith, Chas. L.. Smith, John A.. Stone, H.S Thatcher, C. I. Hill.C.L .do. Director of conservation. Director of enforcement Director of publicity Director, jomt car service bureau Legal advisor Inspector, district car service bureau. Traveling inspector, car service bureau. Stenographer Stenographer, district car serv- ice bureau. Assistant director, publicity division. Stenographer, district car serv- ice bureau. Inspector, district car service bureau. do Trace clerk, car service bureau. . Inspector, district car service bureau. /Statistician, car service bureau .. tChief clerk, car service bureau. . . /Stenographer, car service bureau. \ Statistician, car service bureau. Stenographer , Trace clerk, district car service bureau. Inspector, car service bureau — Typist , Insjjector, "Seven State dis- trict." Special investigator Traveling inspector, "Seven State district." Chief clerk, car service biweau. . , Inspector, "Seven State dis- trict." Secretary and clerk Salt Lake City . Dooly Building, Salt Lake City. 22 South Main Street, Salt Lake City. Keames Building, Salt Lake City. 166 South Main Street, Salt Lake City. 2019 Lincoln Avenue, Salt Lake City. Provo Ogden Auerbach Co., Salt Lake City . -. 377 South Second West, Salt Lake City. 45 East Broadway, Salt Lake City. 43 East Fourth South, Salt Lake City. 169 West Second South, Salt Lake City. 953 Brooks Avenue, Salt Lake City. 462 Tenth East, Salt Lake City.. 52 Main Street, Salt Lake City. . Walker Bank Building, Salt Lake City. 200 Newhouse Building, Salt Lake City. Salt Lake City Keams Building, Salt Lake City. Salt Lake City do do , Boston Building, Salt Lake City. Salt Lake City .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. -do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. -do. -do. -do. .do. 1177 East South Temple Street, Salt Lake City. Dooly Building, Salt Lake City. .. 22 South Main Street, Salt Lake City. Keames Building, Salt Lake City. 166 South Main Street, Salt Lake City. 2019 Lincoln Avenue, Salt Lake City. Provo Ogden Auerbach Co. , Salt Lake Cit v 377 South Second West, Salt Lake City. 45 East Broadway, Salt Lake City. 43 East Fourth South, Salt Lake Citv. 159 West Second South, Salt Lake Citv. 953 Brooks Avenue, Salt Lake City. 462 Tenth East, Salt Lake City. . . . 52 Main Street, Salt Lake City Walker Bank Building, Salt Lake City. 127 Twelfth East, Salt Lake City. Salt Salt Lake City 1134 East Seventh South, Lake City. Salt Lake City 1414 Perry Avenue, Salt Lake City. Salt Lake City do do .do. .do. .do. 435 East Second South, Salt Lake City. Salt Lake City .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. -do. ,.do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. 74 North Second West, Salt Lake City. Salt Lake City do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V San Francisco, Calif. . Sept. 28,1917 Oct. 5,1917 do do do do do do Oct. 6, 1917 do do do do do do do do Oct. 8,1917 Dec. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Dec. Dec. 1, 1918 10, 1918 20, 1918 26, 1917 24, 1917 17,1917 13, 1917 Oct. 26,1917 Oct. Jan. July Nov. Oct. Oct. Dec. Nov. Oct. Jan. Oct. Jan. Dec. Nov. Nov. Feb. Nov. Oct. Nov. Oct. Nov. 17,1917 1, 1918 15, 1918 10, 1917 28,1917 31, 1917 8,1917 10, 1917 26, 1917 1, 1918 29,1917 1, 1918 1,1917 26, 1917 19. 1917 16. 1918 21, 1917 31, 1917 9, 1917 27,1917 1,1917 Mar. 27,1919 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. To. To. To. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 30,1918 Mar. 1,1919 Do. Do. Nov. 30,1918 Feb. 8, 1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Dec. 31,1917 Do. Nov. 30,1918 Jan. 31,1918 Nov. 30,1918 Dec. 31,1917 Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Dec. 31,1917 Feb. 15,1918 31. 1917 15,1918 15. 1918 16, 1917 Dec Feb, Jan. Dec, Dec. 31,1917 Mar. 1,1919 Dec. 31,1917 Mar. Dec. 1,1919 31, 1917 Dec. 3, 1917 Eo. Do. Eo. 364 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. UTAH— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. Official station. Volun" teer or salary. Served. From- To— Name. Official station. Volun teer or salary. Served. From- To- COUNTT FUEL COMMITTEES. Beaver: Barton, Chesley, chair- man. Boxelder: Fishburn, R. L., chair- man. Dunn.E.W McClure.C. W Cache: Vernon, Weston, chair- man. Rasmussen, Ras Bowen, Geo. B Carbon: Madsen, Neil, chairman. Borkenhagen, E. T Turner,R. J Davis: Muir, Leo. J., chairman. Nalder, Francis H Miller, Robert Emery: Thompson, Henry, chairman. Killpaok, F. A Leonard, D. Heber Garfield: Carhart, Mrs. C, chair- man. Grand: Strong, F. W., chairman Iron: Ryan, Bdmimd H., chairman. Juab (east): Whitmore, G. M., chair- man. Wood, Dennis , Orme, W. G Juab (west): Fitch, Walter, chairman. Burch, Frank Chatwin, Thos. E Kane: Ftndlay, J. R., chairman. Millard: Steel, Mahonri M., chair, man. Bishop, Nelsons Peterson, Dean F Morgan: Anderson, Jas., ehair- man. Croft, C. M., chairman.. .' Olson, Rheinhard. Piute: Cameron, Benj., cbairman. Milford. Brigham. ....do Tremonton. Logan .do. -do. Price... do. do. Bountiful Kaysville Farmington... Ferron ....do Huntington... Panguitch Moab Cedar City . Nephi -do. .do.. Eureka Mammoth.. Silver City . Kanab Delta .do. ,.do. Morgan Morgan (Box 60). Peterson Circleville. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Oct. 5,1917 Nov. 5, 1917 ....do ....do Oct. 5,1917 ....do ....do Oct. 29,1917 do do Nov. 14,1917 do do Nov. 5,1917 do do Nov. 30,1917 Nov. 5, 1917 Oct. 6,1917 Nov. 21,1917 do do Nov. 20,1917 do do Nov. 1,1917 Nov. 2,1917 do do Nov. 1,1917 July 19,1918 Nov. 1, 1917 do Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 28,1918 Mar. 1, 1919 Do. Do. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Rich: Kennedy, John, chair- man. Moflat, Jos. W Morgan, Fred R., secre- tary. Salt Lake: Lindsay, Sam,chairman. Kelly, Q.B Rowsell, George A San Juan: McConkie, 0. W., chair- man. Sanpete: Kerr, Halbert S., chair- man. Dyreng, P. P Anderson, Andrew Sevier: Sumner, C. J., chairman. Christensen, M. C, chairman. Erickson^E. W Warner, W. L Summit: WelshjHenry, chairman. Hoffman, Jake Richards, Jos. E Tooele: Hickman,Jas. B., chair- man. Railey, J. M Wrathall, Jas. M Uinta: Colton,Don B. .chairman. Samuel, Edw. D Anderson, Wm. M Utah: Whitehead, Walter P., chairman. Hunter, John Holden, James Gardner, Hemy Taylor, LeeR Wasatch: Harvey,H. W.,chairman. Duke, Robert Broadbent, D. A Washington: Gourley, David, chair- man. Nicholes, Jos. K Cannon, Walter Wayne: Williams, S., chairman.. Weber: Conroy, E , M., chairman . Whittaker, S. T Burt, Thomas G Randolph. Laketown. Randolph., Murray... Bingham. Monticello. Manti. do.. Moroni. Richfield do ....do ....do Park City., Coalville.. Kamas Tooele. ....do Grantsville.. Vernal . ....do., ....do.. Provo American Fork. Lehi Spanish Fork-. Payson Heber . ....do. ....do- st. George. .do. .do. Teasdale. Ogden. do. ....do. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 6,1917 .do. -do. ....do.... ....do.... ....do.... Nov. 2,1917 Oct. 26,1917 .do., .do.. Oct. 5,1917 Aug. 13,1918 Oct. 5,1917 ....do , Oct. 30,1917 ....do ....do Oct. 31,1917 .do. .do. Nov. 1,1917 do ....do Nov. 5, 1917 -do. .do. .do. .do. Oct. 26,1917 do do Oct. 23,1917 -do. .do. Oct. 5, 1917 Oct. 24,1917 do ....do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Aug. 13,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Mar. 1, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 1,1919 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. VERMONT. ORGANIZATION. Early in the summer of 1917 owing to a shortage at the mines, the congested raUroad traffic and the long hauls from the mines to New England, coal experts reported that fuel conditions for this group of States for the following winter were alarming. Acting on their advice the New England governors appointed a committee of three members from their respective States to meet in joint assembly for the purpose of determining the necessary action for the protection of New England. The first meeting of this body was held in Boston, Mass., in June 1917, at which time a chairman was selected from each State and these chairmen composed the New England coal committee. The three members appointed from "Vermont were F. H. Brooks, of St. Johnsbury; George T. Chaffee, of Rutland; and Hugh J. M. Jones, of Montpelier. Mr. Jones was the selected chairman and the Vermont member of the New England coal committee. This committee was very active until the Government took control. Numerous meetings were held in Boston and Washington, and conferences took place with the coal producers, railroad presidents, steamship owners. Shipping Board, War Board and other channels through which relief could be secured. The discouraging evidence of the exportation of coal to Canada at such a serious time demanded immediate and concerted action. An urgent appeal was forwarded by this committee direct to President Wilson and an interview was secm-ed, at which the perplexity of the situation was placed before him fairly and squarely with very gratifying residts. The President, convinced that the problem was one of Nation-wide importance and concern, appointed on August 23, 1917, Dr. Harry A. Garfield, Federal Fuel Administrator. Shortly after he took office, Dr. Garfield appointed an administrator in each State. H. J. M. Jones accepted the appointment as administrator for Vermont. Desiring the assistance and counsel of a representative body of men from the State of Vermont, Mr. Jones called upon two members who had served with him during the life of the New England coal committee and, in addition, he made three new appointments, namely, F. H. Babbitt, of Bellows Falls ; W. B Howe, of Burlington ; and J. Gregory Smith, of St. Albans. These five men, Vermonters to the core, composed the State advisory committee. .They willingly gave their time and energy, and are deserving of worthy recognition as a large contributing factor to the success of the vState administration. For the position of executive secretary, Mr. Jones was very fortunate in securing a man, born and brought up in Vermont, a graduate of the vState imiversity and for eight consecutive years State superintendent of schools. Familiar with every hamlet and rural center, and possessing a surprising amount of information concerning these same communities in addition to a wide acquaintanceship throughout the State, Mr. Mason S. Stone was of the greatest assistance to the administrator in the selection of the local committees and in the adjustment of aU matters demanding a thorough knowledge of the communities in question. The complete and hearty cooperation that the administration received from every corner of the State was due in no small measure to the sincere admiration and affection that the people have for lieut. Gov. Stone. After serving almost a year, Mr. Stone sent in his resignation stating that he was announcing his willingness to become a candidate for lieutenant governor and that he would, therefore, be forced to give up his war work. Mr. Stone's successor as executive secretary of the fuel administration was Mr. Marshall L. Wood, for many years general manager of the I^ane Manufacturing Co., which operates and maintains a large foundry and machine shop at Montpelier. Mr. Wood is a wide-awake business man with sound business principles and exceptional administrative ability. Two months after he took office the armistice was signed ; so to his lot fell largely the dual task of carrying on the distribution and conservation work of the administration and of putting the affairs of the office in shape preparatory to the discontinuance of the administration. In the appointment of local fuel committees the State fuel administrator deemed it desirable to disregard coimty and district divisions in favor of the township. In 122 townships and cities in the State there were coal dealers; in 11 townships, in which there were coal consimiers but no coal dealers, purchasing agents were chosen. A local fuel committee was appointed in each one of these communities, which totaled in number 133. Each committee consisted of a chairman and two members with practically plenary powers relative to the oversight and control of the local coal supply and distribution. Definite and detailed instructions were forwarded them enumerating their respective duties as follows: To recommend to the State administrator a just and equit- able price to be charged by local coal dealers ; to report to the State administrator any local shortage, or thi-eatened shortage, in order that it might be relieved as early as possible; to report to the State administrator any inequal- ities in distribution of coal after investigation has been made; to report to the State administrator any complaints made by citizens concerning discrimination or excess in price or concerning other matters relating to local coal 365 366 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. conditions. In this connection it may be stated that there was only one complaint of a serious nature. Mr. Jones personally investigated the matter and discovered that, though there had been a violation of an order, it was wholly unintentional and due to a misunderstanding of the regulation. The absence of serious legal claims made the appointment of a legal division unnecessary. Further duties of the local fuel committees were, to conduct a local campaign for the purpose of securing economy in the use of fuel, whether for domestic or for industrial purposes, and to cooperate with the Vermont and New England administrators in securing a speedy unloading of coal from cars, so that they could be released and sent back to the mines, with the very least possible loss of time. Great credit is due to these local fuel committees, who, acting without compensation, handled the delicate situations arising in their respective communities with tact, discretion and fairness, and proved themselves weU worthy of the responsibilities thus imposed upon them. In the 133 townships and cities in which local fuel committees were appointed there were listed 213 local retail coal dealers, 11 purchasing agents, and 9 jobbers, 8 of the latter of whom are included among the retail dealers. Here lay the greatest hardship imposed by the administration, the Government control of a man's private business, determining the amount of coal he should sell and fixing the price at which it was to be sold, together with the profit to be made on each ton. The patriotic spirit, the willingness to relinquish their right to their own means of livelihood, and to conform conscientiously to Government restrictions and regulations is a worthy reflection on the class of men engaged in the coal business. CONDITIONS. The conditions in Vermont at the time of the inception of the administration were those common to all the States. There were practically no stocks of coal or wood on hand, and the repeated admonition to order your coal early was not being heeded. The consumer was waiting for the adjustment of the critical situation at the mines and for the possible decrease in price. The consequent lack of markets and the Government regu- lation of prices in August, together with the transportation problem, retarded production and increased, rather than relieved, the already serious condition at the mines. As the season advanced the situation became more and more involved. The snow fell to a depth of 3 and 4 feet and the mercury went down to 60 degrees below zero in some sections of the State. Because of the amount of snow farmers were unable to enter the woods to skid the fuel wood already cut. A few of the smaller communities in the State were practically destitute of coal, and serious suffering was averted only by the timely and continuous efforts of the State administration, rushing coal to them from more fortunate communities. The E. S. Adsit Coal Co., of Burhngton, Vt., had a contract for bituminous coal approved by the Government, which proved of the greatest assistance at this time, as hundreds of cars were requisitioned by the administrator to relieve industries, and were it not for this particular supply a number of our industrial concerns would have been forced to close down. The Christmas holiday period arrived, and then the first of the year, with no possible encouragement. Mr. Jones had on several occasions interviewed heads of departments in Washington and members of the anthracite committee in Philadelphia, but with no prospect of relief. As a last resort he determined to put into effect some very drastic measures, so radical in fact that, unwilling to assume the full responsibility, he arranged a meeting of the State committee for January 16. These men loyally responded to the call, so that when the day arrived, January 17, that famous day in the history of the Fuel Administration, bearing with it the five- day suspension order, the fuel administrator of Vermont faced the problem of its execution surrounded by the members of the State committee. It is a fact well worth noting that every ruling, based on their interpretation of the order, was accepted by Washington and was identical in substance with later Government regulations. With the beginning of the coal year 1918-19 allotments were made to the various States. The number of gross tons shipped to Vermont during the coal year 1916, according to reports furnished by the anthracite committee, was 316,850. This amount, in Vermont as in other States, was the basis of shipments for 1918, with an increase to Vermont of 4.15 per cent. Prior, to a threatened strike at the mines in April, 1916, jobbers and dealers filled their storage bins to capacity, with the result that there were unusually large stocks on hand at the beginning of the 1916-17 coal year. This fact was not taken into consideration when the allotment to the State was made and was not covered by the 4.15 per cent increase. Kepeated efforts were made, on the part of the administrator, to further increase the allotment, by proving the evident insufficiency of the present figure with data furnished by the coal dealers and committeemen, but they failed to bring the desired result. The next necessary step was to apportion, equitably and fairly, the allotment to the various communities in the State. This was done by Mr. Jones and his office staff, together with the members of the State committee, and forwarded to the anthracite committee in August, 1918, as a basis for shipments of that year; 16,000 tons were held in reserve to correct any possible errors in judgment; of this amount 9,000 tons were distributed prior to January 1, 1919. FEDERAL, FUEL ADMIWISTEATOES. 367 The influenza period, together with the relaxation of effort accompanying the signing of the armistice, resulted in a decided decrease in shipments in the months of November and December. Increased efforts were made on the part of the conservation division to combat this effect and to insure the greatest possible amount of coal in the State before the beginning of cold weather. DISTRIBUTION. The distribution policy of the administration was a fair and equitable apportionment of coal over the State. The demands of householders were considered first, the domestic consumer having a prior lien over the industrial. All consumers were governed by the same rules and regulations without exceptions. To further this end a ruling was made in April, 1918, by the State administrator refusing coal in carload lots to any private purchaser except .the State. No single large consumer could, therefore, secure all the coal that he needed at the expense of the householder buying in lots of 2 or 3 tons. This ruling proved very advantageous in certain individual instances and Avrought its purpose in the protection of the small community. There are not many large manufacturing plants in Vermont, but there are numerous small ones, many of which require bituminous coal. During the winter of 1917-18 many of these plants were at their limit and were grievously concerned over the supply. Fortunately, only a few were forced to shut down, and then for a few days only. To supplement the usual sources of supply of bituminous coal, and in addition to the bituminous coal requisitioned from the E. S. Adsit Coal Co., of Burlington, Vt., cars were obtained from the Pittsburg & Shawmut Coal Co., of Boston, and through New England administrator Storrow. At two different times the Pittsburg & Shawmut Coal Co. offered for sale to Mr. Jones 50 cars of wagon mine coal, which were distributed over the State within a few hours. The demand for the coal was so great that manufacturers would make every effort to secure as much as possible regardless of price. As has been stated before, the local fuel committees were the agents of the administration in supervising the supply and distribution of coal in their respective townships. The coal dealers were expected to conform to the rules and regulations imposed by this body. A great many bulletins in the form of instructions, as well as circular letters, totahng about 100, were issued by the State office to the committees and coal dealers, dealing with various subjects, demanding of them numerous reports and statements of local conditions, forwarding definite instructions for the guidance of the committeemen in the fixing of prices, and physical distribution of coal, and repeatedly urging them to cooperate with the head office in innumerable conservation campaigns. The various reports and repUes to questionnaires demanded of the committee chairmen and coal dealers during the winter of 1917-18 were made largely at the request of Washington or administrator Storrow's office in Boston. With the beginning of the coal year 1918-19 information was sought by administrator Jones to verify the reports furnished him by the anthracite committee of the normal consumption of anthracite coal in the State and shipments made in the basic year 1916 to the various comnnmities in Vermont. In March, 1918, blank forms were forwarded to the coal dealers requesting information concerning the amount of domestic size anthracite in net tons that had been received in the community in the basic year and the year 1917-18 with an estimate of the requirements for the coming year. The information received was inaccurate for various reasons. There are very few towns of any size in Vermont; the average township is a group of small villages with but one or two coal dealers to a village; in some instances one coal dealer supplied two or three villages. Eecords if kept at aU by the dealers were very meager and of httle value. The estimates of coal requirements for 1918-19 were preposterously high and had to be reduced 25 to 50 per cent before a reasonable figure could be reached. The results of these reports not being very encouraging, a second series of questionnaires was sent out in June, 1918, requesting the amount of domestic size anthracite coal received in the community in the basic year by both coal dealers and private persons and the sources of supply. The coal dealers secured the infor- mation for us to the best of their ability and the resultant figures, verified by the books of the jobbers who largely supplied the State, furnished us with a fairly reliable record. The total amount of domestic anthracite received in the State in the year 1916-17 according to these reports was about 365,000 net tons and for the year 1917-18 about 425,000 net tons, which proved the evident insiifficiency of the allotment for 1918-19 based on the 1916 figures. Prior to the time when card forms were sent out from Washington each coal dealer in the State was expected to send to the State administrator at the beginning of each month a statement of the amount of domestic size anthracite received by him during the previous month. These reports were tabulated and a complete record kept, up to February 1, 1919. The State administrator was thereby able to foUow closely the disposition of anthracite that came into Vermont and make any readjustments that he deemed necessary. When the form cards sent from Washuagton became firmly estabUshed, they replaced, to a certain extent, the monthly state- ments, because they covered a shorter period of time, and a closer scrutiny could then be made. 368 BEPOET OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. In. October, 1918, a report in answer to a questionnaire was requested of the coal dealers as to their status at that time; the number of consimiers still to be supplied; the amount of coal already received by the dealer; the further requirements for the year; the use of No. 1 buckwheat, etc. The dealers responded promptly and furnished us with very necessary and valuable information pertaining to the condition of the State at that time which aided the administrator in deciding the immediate preparedness measures necessary to insure a fairly comfortable existence the coming winter. The March and June reports and the October questionnaires, together with the monthly reports, formed the principal requests or inquiries made by the State administration for its own use. During this time, how- ever, countless cards and report forms were requested by Washington and the New England administrator at Boston, the responsibility for the execution of which rested with the State administration and necessitated preliminary letters of instructions to the coal dealers or committeemen with considerable follow-up work. Another question with which the letters of instruction were concerned was the definite rules of distribu- tion laid down by the State administration for the guidance of the local fuel conmiittee. All domestic con- sumers were required at the begianing of the coal year to make application for their year's supply in writing to the local coal dealer. Blanks were furnished for this purpose and when filled out by the consumer they were referred to the members of the local fuel committee for approval. This body was required to supervise the local distribution by putting into execution the following rules and regulations: All annual requirements for 6 tons or less to be fiUed in full; all annual requirements for more than 6 tons and not more than 9 tons to be filled to the extent of 6 tons; aU requirements for more than 9 tons to be filled to two-thirds of amount. No private consumer was permitted to receive more than 25 tons regardless of the size of his establishment. Any coal that remained after all consumers had been supplied in accordance with these regulations was to be held in reserve by the local fuel committee and distributed only at its discretion. During the summer months of 1918 shipments were not made as promptly as was anticipated; so, as a precautionary measure, coal dealers were instructed to distribute but one-third of the annual requirements. As the coal situation eased up, the two-thirds rule was reinstated and later all restrictions were removed. CONSERVATION. Hand in hand with the distribution program of the State administration and considered as a big factor in the solution of every problem that arose was the rigid and continuous appeal for conservation. Practically every circular letter to coal dealers and local fuel committees, every newspaper item or pubHcity work of any character sent out by the State administration emphasized clearly not only the great need of a conservation program but its absolute necessity to insure even a modest amount of comfort dm-ing the severe winter weather. Soon after the administration came into ofiice in September, 1917, a very definite conservation program was put into operation. Vermont is well wooded and the substitution of wood for coal as far as practicable appeared as a much desired objective. Various slogans were put into circulation such as "Cut-a-cord," "Saw wood," etc. The establishment of municipal wood yards was widely encouraged and householders were every- where urged to cut their own supply if no other means presented itseK. Figures contributed by the State forestry department show that the normal cut of fuel wood in Vermont for all purposes is about 700,000 cords, 25 per cent of which or 175,000 cords remained as stock on hand in June of each normal year. The estimated cut of fuel wood for the year 1917-18 was 1,400,000 cords, just double the normal figure, and the stocks on hand at the end of that year were 15 per cent less than normal. The in- creased amount of wood here represented over the normal output can be largely accredited to the continuous and untiring efforts of the conservation division and was most encouraging in view of the many handicaps under which the woodcutters labored. The depth of snow, the severity of the weather, the shortage of labor, and the lack of proper equipment to handle the enormous crop were outweighed only by the great need of wood and by the patriotic fervor of the people to contribute to the multiplied sacrifices and savings of a coimtry bending its best and noblest efforts in the pursuit of an ideal. The estimated wood cut for the year 1918-19 was approximately 700,000 cords of the normal figure. The fact, however, that this figure was attained in spite of the abnormal labor conditions, the enervating influence of the armistice, and the lack of sufficient snow to enable the farmers to enter the woods is but another instance of the combined result of the various conservation measures already in operation. In addition to the wood campaign, the use of No. 1 buckwheat as a substitute for the domestic sizes of anthracite was strongly urged. In September, 1918, administrator Jones interviewed members of the anthra- cite committee at Philadelphia in regard to the proper use of this coal and the possibility of securing it in a sufficient amount to make a decided saving in the domestic sizes of anthracite. Washington was at that time about to raise the embargo prohibiting the use of No. 1 buckwheat by the industries, but, on the intercession of Mr. Jones, waived the order until the domestic demand for the coal should be satisfied; he arranged for an FEDERAL fUEL ADMiWISTEATOSS. 369 immediate flow of this coal into Vermont. Prior to this time Washington advised the use of this particular size, but it was very difiicult to procure an adequate supply. Previous to Mr. Jones's visit to Philadelphia there was but one source in the State of Vermont, the E. S. Adsit Coal Co., which was quite unable to meet the demand. With the beginning of the winter hundreds of cars of No. 1 buckwheat had been distributed aU over the State and nearly every dealer had some on hand or in transit; 20,000 instructions for burning this size of coal were distributed and its use in the State was quite general. Every possible means of conservation was resorted to. Private greenhouses and country clubs were refused domestic sizes of anthracite and forced to burn wood or soft coal. The union of churches, as far as practicable, was recommended; public gatherings purely for amusement were suspended, and clubs and fra- ternal organizations were entreated to use their influence to the utmost in bringing about the desired result. Householders were repeatedly urged to conserve by putting on double windows and storm doors, banking the house with leaves and boughs, shutting off all unnecessary rooms, and running the furnace at an even temperature, using soft coal. No. 1 buckwheat, and wood as far as possible. The execution of the nation-wide campaign to "Save this shovelful" was delegated in Vermont to the Boy Scouts. Sturdy little lads of 10 and 12 years of age, filled with their importance as a recognized force in the community, conscientiously made the house-to-house canvass and personally supervised the tagging of every coal shovel. The thoroughness and benignant spirit of their work are deserving of acknowledged appreciation. The steam-power plants were also the subject of an extensive campaign. An appeal was made to the manufacturers to put their plants on an efficiency basis by the use of proper firing methods, by utilizing the heating plant already in operation, or by the installation of new equipment if the old methods proved imprac- ticable. Posters were forwarded to every coal-consuming manufacturing concern in Vermont urging the employees to contribute their share by notifying the employer of any unnecessary wastage by leaks, etc. In October, 1918, a form of questionnaire was sent to the power plants concerned, with a detailed analysis of their methods of firing and with the economical use of fuel to insure the best results. This work was well under way when the armistice was signed, but on receipt of an order from Washington it was not completed. The administration as a whole achieved its purpose and gained results that would have been difficult to secure if each individual coal dealer had been forced to fight for himself. The price would have soared and the large consumer with ready money would have bought out the market to the utter ruin of the small coal dealer if the Government had not taken the reins, dictated the price to be charged, and supervised the distri- bution of the coal, to the end that all might share and share alike in the sacrifices and privations that were necessitated by the entrance of this coimtry in the World War. Respectfully submitted. H. J. M. Jones, Federal Fuel Administrator for Vermont. MONTPELIEK, Vt., March 15, 1.919. VERMONT. Name. Jones, Hugh J. M [ State fuel administrator. STATE ADVISOEY COM- MITTEE. Brooks. F.H Babbitt, F.H Chaffee, Geo. T . . . Howe, W. B Smith, J. Gregory., STATE OITICE PEESONNEL. Stone, Mason S. (resigned). Wood, M. L. (successor).. Jones, Hugh J. M Powell, Max L BaU, Ethel Bishop, Lillian Dewey, Mrs. Julia Dutton, Ruth G Huse, Mrs. Kuth B Jones, Marjorie D Joyal, Mrs. M. G Lowe, Eleanor M Reynolds, Frank M Executive secretary /....do \Admimstrative engineer Director of conservation Director of hotel conservation . . Clerk ....do Stenographer Clerk ....do ....do Stenographer Clerk ....do OJTicial station. Montpelier . St, Johnsbury. Bellows Falls.. Rutland Burlington St. Albans MontpeUer . • do ....do Burlington. Montpelier. do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Home address. Montpelier 140 Main Street, Montpelier . Burlington Montpelier do 152 Elm, Montpelier College Street, Montpelier Montpelier 100 East State Street, Montpelier. 107 State Street, Montpelier Montpelier do Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— Sept. 29,1917 Oct. 15,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do Oct. 19,1917 /Sept. 16,1918 \.iug. 15,1918 Oct. 1,1918 Sept. 16,1918 Jan. 1, 1918 ....do Oct. 15,1917 1,1917 1,1918 2, 1918 22, 1918 1,1918 Dec. Jan. May July Jan. .do- To— Apr. 2,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Sept. 15,1918 Mar. 31,1919 Do. Do. Do. Feb. 1, 1918 Do. Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 31,1919 Jan. 7, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Feb. 1,1918 Do. 122602—20- -24 370 REPORT OP ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. VERMONT— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Senr»d. Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— To— From— To— CITY rUEL COMMITTEES. Alburg: Marvin, H. W., chair- Alburg V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Oct. 15,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Cambridge; Leavens, Linus, chair- man. Reynolds, B. E Cambridge Jeflersouville... Cambridge Junction. Beocher Falls.. do do Y V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Oct. 15,1917 do do do do do do do do do do .....do do do do do do man. Martin, Ward ...do Feb. 28,1919 Blair, Amos G .....do Arlington; Arlington East Arhngton. Arlington Bakersfield do do Barnet Do. Jones, W. I. chairman. . Desohenes, P. E Wqodworth, E. C. (re- Bakersfleld: Brigham, Col. H. F., chairman. Watson, James H Canaan; Taylor, Chas. G., chair- man. Green, C. H Carll, Judge E. Do. ■ Do. Do. Do. Start, W.O Shanley, P. E Barnet: Brock, W. S., chairman. Castleton; , Clark, Dr. E. R., chair- man. Cummings, James Castleton Hydeville Bomoseen Proctors ville... do do Do. Do Gimilan, A. N ....do Do. Albec, Ira J do Cavendish: Poliard, Park H.. chair- man. Cook, Chas. N Perkins, Fred V Barre: Reynolds, W. G., chair- man. Barre Do. do Do. Do. .do Charlotte: McNeil, W.H., chairman. Ramsey, J. P Frlnk, E H Charlotte do do Barton: Batcheldcr, John F. , Barton Dd. Do. chairman. do Do. Barron, E. W Chester: Carpenter, L. A., chair- man. WileT,H. G Chester Hanson, W. E do Bennington do . ..do Do Bellows Falls (see Rooldng- ham). -do Dn. do Do. Graves, C. M. (resigned), chairman. Holden, Edw. H. ("suc- Corr-ord: Cobb, L. -V.. chairman.. French, Dr. G. B.. chair- man. Gray. Elwtn A Bennett, R. J Island Pond . . . Concord ...-do do Oct. 15,1917 .-..do ....do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Do. Do cessor), chairman. Oct. 15,1917 do do do do do do do do Boynton, W. S do Do. Berkshire; East Berkshire. ..do Danby: Nichols, Nelson C, chair- man. Griffith, W.H Mclntyrp, C. E Eublee, C. M.... do do Stevens Geo C do Do Bethel: Bethel . Do Briggs,W. R.,chairman- Danville: Thurber, C. W., chair- man. Dole, N. A Danville do .do , Washburn, A. N :;::.do i Bradford: Bradford ,. do Do WilUams, Frank S., Steele, A. M do chairman (resigned) . Marshall Geo M chair- Derby: Butterheld, Benj ., chair- man. Cowles, A. C Ames, Oen. T Dorset: West,EmestH.,chairman. Sheldon, John... Derby Lino do do Dorset . Do man (resigned) . Porter, E. E (successor), chairman. Blake F. E do ...do Do. Dn. Oct. 15,1917 do do do Gale, Morris do do Do Eaton, Harvey W. (re- signed.) do Do Brandon do Cochran, Dr. John I do Do Brandon: Ray, Tom W. , chairman (resigned). Enosburg: Aseltine,-^..A.,chairman. O-intt, Chas. L Kimball, Herman N Enosburg Falls Dn. do (successor) Williams, F.W Johnson B W do do Oct. 15,1917 do do do do Essex: Drury,H''mer,chairman. Rugg, A. B Nichols, 0. S Essex Junction. do do Do. Do. Dn UO. Brattleboro: Brattleboro .do Daniels, S. A. .chairman Fairfax: Goodall, James, chair- man. Gnodsell,C. E Do. Crane Ephraim H do . -- .do Island Pond. .. do do Do Hicks, M.L do man. Bartlett, E. M Oct. 16,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Fairfleld: Soule, H. S., chairman. . McGowan, J. H .■... Meehan, J. H Fairfield do... Do. Dn do (resigned). Bristol: Palmer F H chairman Bristol Fair Haven: Phelps, P. M. N., chair- man (resigned). I/ocke, HerbertN.,chair- man (successor). Duri-k, Daniel J Fair Haven dn . . - . Farr, W. M do Dantorth, G. A . do do.... Oct. 15,1917 do do West Bm-ke-..- do Dn Porter, Fred T Clift, Dr. Edwin B.. do Dn Coburn Chas H Fairlee: Renfrew, 0. N., chair- man (resigned). Winship, G. L., chair- man (successor). Andrews, L. C. (re- signed). Ordway, W. C. Ore- signed). Ferrisburg: Chapman, Chas., chair- man (resigned). Robinson, Roland T., chairman. Preston, E. A Fairlee Colby, Harris C .do Burlington: O'Sullivan, J. W., chair- 15 North Wi- nooski Ave- nue, Burling- ton. do do do do Do. man. Oct. 15,1917 do do Spaulding Ernest J do North Ferris- burg. Perrisburg do......... Flint, J. S. (resigned)'.. Hill, A. W. (resigned)... Cabot: do do Cabot Do Myers, W. H do Oct. 15,1917 Nelson, A. V do Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. VERMONT— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Sfl Served. Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Franklin: Towie, Geo. H., chair- man. Wright, Dr. W. H Mullen, N. W Grand Isle: Ladd, H. "W., chairman. Hoag, J. B Gordon, E. W Greensboro: Barrington, J. H., chair- man. Gillis, H. W Colby, Geo. E Groton: Page, F. M.. chairman.. Clark, Geo. N Ricker, E. D Hardwick: Taylor, Frank T., chair- man. Campbell, E. H Morse, C. O Hartford: Perrln, D. -V., chairman (resigned). Miller, G. H., chairman (successor). Ward, C. B Hartland: Britten, AUen H., chair- man. Miller, Howard J Graham, C. E ,e: "Steele, Dan W., chair- man. Hyde Park: Page, R. S., chairman... Scribner, D. H Ufford, P. S Clark, George N Bicker, Edmond D Isle La Motte: Thomas, M. S., chair- man. Pike, I. F Hall, A. M Jericho: Pease, F. G., chairman.. Hall, H. P Vamey, JedT Johnson: Waterman, X. A., chair- man. Riddle, C. A Tracy, W. E Ludlow: Moore, Ernest E., chair- man. Nealon, Fred Raymond, Geo. W Lunenburg: Powers, H. W., chairman. Willson, L. H Hobb, R. M Lyndonville: Stewart, C. L., chairman. Lyster, H. \V Burpee, H. P Manchester: Fowler, J. W., chairman. Bennett, O. R Roberts, \V. H Marshfleld: Pitkin, E. C, chairman.. Thwing C. E Hollister, H. C Middlebury: Weeks, John, chairman. . Fletcher, John A Shambo, Geo. N Milton: Latham, Leon D., chair- man. Phelps, K. J Brown, B. C Montgomery; Gardyne^ C. A., chair- man. Morrison, Norman La Fountain, John W.. . Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Montpclicr: Blanchard Geo. L., chairman (resigned). Dwinell, M. Raymond, chairman (successor). Brooks, L. B Clark, Col. 0. D Morrisville: MunsoiL Levi, chairman. Kelly, J. Ml Slayton,C. A Mount Holly: Fletcher, L. T., chair- man. Priest, L A Dana,R. R Hammond, A. E., chair- man. Burton, E. S Baldwin, R. G Newbury: Fellows, Scott, chair- man. Hutchins, S amuel Hale, James B Newfane: De Witt, F. A., chair- man. Newport: Blodgett, W. «'., chair- man. Flint, Frank D Smith, Ephraim J Northfleld: Cross, John .V., chair- man. Cady, H. C ^ Carlton, Chas. S North Hero: Tudhope, John, chair- man. Norwich: Loveland, J. H., chair- man. Bowles, W. S Olds, R. C Orleans: Gross, Gilbert, J., chair- man. Austin, A. O Harris, A. C Kingsley, L. M Orwell: Branch, H. D., chair- man. Pawlet: Roberts, H.J Williams, Wm. u Burdick, A. W Pittslord: Hendee, G. T., chairman, Candon, Thomas Wimett, Alfred Plalnfleld: Martin O. L., chairman. Smith, A. E Page, B. W Poultney; Dunton, C. H. chair- man (resigned). Ripley, Geo. H, chair- man (successor). Orimth, Wm. J Ellis, E. D. (resigned)... Barrett, F.W. (resigned). Carray, O. E Pownal: Potter, Dr, E. E. chair- man. Brown, Fred C Gardner, Dan. F Proctor: Williams, Benjamin, chairman. Holden, Chas. E Freeborn, A. C Putney: Aplin, G. T., chairman. Corscr, A. M Everleth, H. G Randolph: Johnson, Luther B... Joslyn, F. II Tewksbury, E. W OfTicial station. Volun tecr or salary. Montpelicr . ....do ....do., ....do.. Morrisville . ....do ....do Belmont . do do Cuttingsville . . Mount Hollv . do Wells River. . . do Newbury . Newfane . Newport. .do., .do.. Northfleld.. ....do ....do North Hero. Norwich -do.... .do.... Orleans. ..do.... ..do.... ..do.... Orwell. West Pawlet.. do do Pittsford.... ....do ....do Plainfleld. do do Poultney.. do ....do ....do ....do -...do North Pownal Bennington [ . . North Pownal Proctor .do., .do.. Putney. . do... ....do... Randolph. do do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 15,1917 Oct. 15, 1917., ....do .do., .do., .do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. -do.. .do., .do.. .do.. ...do., ...do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. -do.. .do..... do., ..do.. -do.. ..do., ..do., ..do.. ..do, ..do. ..do. ..do, ..do. ..do. do, ..do, ..do, ..do. Oct. 15, 1917. ..do ..do .-do .do.... -do., .do.. .do., .do.. .do., .do.. ..do., .do., ,.do., ,-do.. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ■ Rosisned to join Army. 3'72 feEtORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISiON. VERMONT— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name GITT FUEL COMMIITEES- continued. Readsboro: Brown, C. C, chairman. Richford; Carpenter, Carl S., chair- man. Puffer, H. A Rustedt, H. F R ichmond: Dimick, M. D., chair- man (resigned). Douglas, L. E., chair- man (successor). Terrien, Alexander Wallace, W. E Berry, A. C La Due, F.J Rochester: Campbell, W. H., chair- man. Pierce, Chester Erskine, S. H ^. Rockingham; Belknap, W. C, chair- man (resigned). Ryder, Herbert, chair- man. Shougnessy, A. H. (re- signed). Byrne, James E Tuttle, Allison Fenton. Jos. S., chair- man (resigned). Blodgett, Dr., John (re- signed). Roxbiury: Averill, Wilson A. , chair- man. Boyd, B. W Drinrwater, Frank W. . Royalton: Eaton, Amos J., chair- man, Richardson, Chas. W Tarbell, Charles P Rupert: Moore, H. F., chairman. Hopkins, V. W. A Morris, John C Rutland: Hall, J. F., chairman Mills, Walter West, C. H. (resigned) . . McCarthy, F. A. (re- signed). Ryegate: Gilflllan, W, N,, chair- man. Smith, C, F Tewksbury, E. J , St. Albans: Johnson, Elmer, chair- man (resigned). .Armstrong, M. D., chair- man (successor). Twlgg, W.P Allen, Geo. W Twige, C. P. (resigned)., St, JohnsDury: Ricker, W, A,, chairman. Leach, L. P Burbank, Geo, A Salisbury: Waterhouse, W, F,, chairman. Field, P,S Bump, W, F Shattsbury: Dunlap, Thos, H,, chair- man, Whipple, W,H Muifleld, Harry Shelburne: Vaughan, A, M,, chair- man (resigned), Deyette, I, H,, chairman, (successor), Thompson, M, B Webster, W, M Palmer, Walter (re- signed), Sheldon: Marsh, H, P., chairman Shoreham: Howard, Mrs, C, D., Chairman, Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Readsboro , Richford... do do Richmond . do do do do do Rochester. -do., -do.. Bellows Falls. do do -do. .do. .do- .do. Eoxbury.. ..do- ..do.. SouthRoyalton. do do Rupert,. do... ....do... Rutland . do..., do.... do.... Ryegate.. .do., -do.. St, Albans. do ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. St. Johnsbmy. do: do Salisbury. .do., .do.. South Shafts- bury. do do Shelburne.. do do do ....do Sheldon East Shoreham. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 16,1917 do do do do 'Oct. 15, 1917.. do do do do do do do Oct. 1.5, 1917 do do Oct. 15, 1917 .do.. .do., .do.. ..do.... .do., .do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. .do.. ..do.. ..do., .do.. ....do... ....do... ....do... .do.. Oct. 15,1917 ....do... ....do... ....do.. ....do.. .,,.do.. ....do.... ....do.... ....do.. ....do.... ....do.... .do.. Oct. 15,1917 ....do ....do .do., .do.. To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do, Do, Do, Do. Do. Do, Do, Do. Do. Do. Do, Do, Do, Do, Do, Do, Do, Do, Do. Do. Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Shoreham — Continued: Waite, F. W Tottingham.MissNoUieA. Shrewsbury: Martin, Dr. H. S., chair- man. Russell, Frank L Pierce, W. E South Hero: R^ade, C. H., chairman. Wadsworth, H, T Landon, Wm, A Springfield: Fullam, N, J.^hairman. Leland, Geo. F Grosvenor, Chas. F Stowe; Shaw, Howard E . , chair- man. Luce, OrloE Pike, Harry E Swanton: Webster, F. L., chair- man. Loiselle, Geo. L Brown, Frank A Bellows, A. B. (resigned), Thetford: Wilmot , C. S , , chairman . Bond, OtisS Emerson, Chas. C Townshend: Ware, J. H., chairman. . Taft, J. C. (deceased).... Batchelder, E. B Troy: Hammond, Fred S., chairman. Fowler, C. O Dalley, W. R Underhill: Henry, E. W., chairman. Fowler,L. C TilUson, F. P Vergennes: Wheeler, W. H Ryan, John W Morris, Henry Vernon: Dunklee, A. A., chair- man. Barnes, A. G Martindale, Arthur WaUingford: Carey, W. P., chairman. Ferguson, A. W Bachelder, Geo. L Waterbury: Moody, Mark H., chair- man. Wheeler, Alton G Somerville, James F Westminster: Walker, J. J., chairman . Arnold, C. P., chairman. Ward, J. F Official station. Volun- teer or salary. West Rutland: Robinson, Geo. C, chair- man. Ross, Thomas C Wheeler, T.B Whiting: ' Wells, H. R., chairman.. Baker,E. W Needham, Carroll Williamstown: McAlUster, G, F. , chair- man. Colby, G. T Clogston, Robt. E Wilmington: Porter, Eli H. , chairman. Brown, W. A Wright, Dr. A. H Windsor: Tuxbury, W. D., chair- man. Cook, E. Stoddard.. Walker, R. H Woodstock: Wilder, A. B., chairman Cushing, H. C Chapman, Frederick Gillmgham, F. H East Shoreham. do Cutttagsville. Shrewsbury. . do South Hero. .....do do Springfield - do do Stowe. ...do... ...do... Swanton. .do .do .do Thetford North Thetford East Thetford.. Townshend . . . ....do ....do North Troy... .do., -do.. Underhill. ....do ....do Vergennes. - ....do ....do South Vernon. ..do.. ..do.. WaUingford. do ....do Waterbury. ...do ....do Westminster Station. ...do ...do West Rutland.. .do., .do.. Whiting. . do ..-.do. WilUamstown. .do.. .do.. Wilmington.. ....do ....do Windsor. ...do.. ...do.. Woodstock.. ....do ....do ....do V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Oct. 15,1917 do do... do.. do.. do do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do .do., .do.. do do do do ....do do ....do ....do Oct."i5,'i9i7' ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Oct.'"i5,'i9i7' ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do do ....do do do ....do do ....do do To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 8,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. DO. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. VIRGINIA. (1) The Federal fuel administration for Virginia was created November 8, 1917, by the appointment of State Senator Harry Flood Byrd, of Virginia, and immediately upon his acceptance, offices were opened in Richmond, Va., on November 17, and properly organized, John C. Dillon being appointed assistant adminis- trator on March 1, 1918. Among the first steps taken by Senator Byrd was the naming of chairmen of local commissions and commissioners in aU of the 100 counties and in the larger cities of the State. The committee- men numbered 326 and were selected from the most representative business men in each community, being recommended by members of the State judiciary and by the Virginia Representatives in both branches of Congress. Immediately upon their appointment the local fuel commissioners were thoroughly instructed in the distribution of coal as outlined by the administration at Washington, and maximum retail prices were fixed based on gross margins of profits, which margins averaged from $1.75 to $2.50 per net ton. (2) The next step of the Virginia fuel administration was to ascertain the amount of coal required for the ensuing year by consumers of aU kinds, which were later divided into classes as follows : A. Household consumers using coal entirely for domestic needs. B. Schools, colleges, office buildings, apartment houses, hotels, department stores, and other business houses obtaining coal by wagon dehvery in less than carload lots. C. Industrial plants and large consumers obtaining coal in carload lots and using from two to four cars per month. This being ascertained, each class of consumer was required to report in detail what provision had been made for these requirements, the State fuel administrator then making provision for deficit wherever disclosed. Weekly reports (Virginia being the first State to adopt them) were required of these consumers, which kept the State fuel administration in close touch with the situation in every community throughout Virginia; and where there was a shortage and coal could not be secured direct from mines, coal was confiscated en route from shipments to tidewater in order to meet the emergency demands. During the winter of 1917-18 over 1,000 cars of coal were so diverted to relieve the local domestic distress. Owing to the unusually severe weather conditions and an acute coal shortage at this time, it was found necessary to require affidavits from domestic consumers as to the quantity of coal on hand, and the quantity allowed was restricted to a maximum of 15 days' supply for each delivery, no second delivery to be made before the first had been exhausted. (3) Following an appeal from the State administration, all notaries public throughout the State agreed to take affidavits of coal requirements from all consumers without compensation. (4) On November 15, 1917, a new State advisory board was appointed, consisting of the following mem- bers: Walker H. Cottrell, Richmond; Carroll H. Montague, Richmond; Jonathan Bryan, Richmond; Wm. T. Reed, Richmond; and J. W. Coffey, Lynchburg. (5) The wholesale confiscation of coal in transit by railways in the State resulting in disorganization of distribution, at the request of the State administrator Dr. Garfield directed on December 1 that all roads in Virginia obtain their coal requirements from the mines direct. (6) Early in December, at the request of Senator Byrd, a conference was held in Richmond with the presi- dents of the Virginia, Norfolk & Western and Cheaspeake & Ohio Railways, as a result of which conference a definite plan was adopted enabling the expeditious diversion of coal for emergency cases. It was also agreed at this conference that the State fuel administrator would assist in the prompt unloading of cars, which was accomplished by direct communication between the transportation departments of the railroads and the State fuel administrator's office, which in turn communicated directly with the consignees. (7) Beginning with the coal year (Apr. 1, 1918), when all old contracts expired, new maximum prices were fitxed by the administrator which were approved by the local fuel commissions and published throughout the State. A regulation requiring the use of "Consumers' application blanks" was instituted, making it necessary for aU domestic consumers to file with their customary retail dealers their requirements for the ensuing year, and in the case of anthracite coal 50 per cent of the normal requirements was allowed. (8) On June 1 Carroll H. Montague was appointed wood administrator for Virginia. Immediately upon entering his duties, Mr. Montague made a thorough canvass of the State of Virginia to ascertain the amount of cordwood available for various large coal-consuming cities in the State, and plans were projected for the cutting of wood and delivery to retail dealers. Mr. Montague even went so far as to institute a system of 373 374 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. financing the cutting and delivering of wood, and all.his plans were perfected when the State council of defense undertook to handle the wood situation, guaranteeing a delivered price so far below that guaranteed by Mr. Montague that his plans were totally upset and his office was abolished on November 15, 1918. Special atten- tion is called to Mr. Montague's splendid work, and it is to be regretted that he was not allowed to bring it to a successful conclusion. (9) On June 4 a circular letter was sent out to the chairmen of the local commissions throughout the State requesting information as to the requirements of those industries that should be placed on the preference list. A complete list of these industries was compiled and forwarded to the War Industries Board at Washington. Through the use of weekly reports furnished by these preferred industries, a careful check was kept on their stocks on hand, and where it was found that one industry had on hand more coal than it was entitled to an embargo was placed on shipments to such industry, notices being sent to the district representatives and local chairmen advising them of such embargoes. By this method, to those industries not having on hand the amount of fuel to which they were entitled, additional shipments were authorized in order that their stock might be kept up to their monthly allowance. (10) On June 15, 1918, a regulation was put into effect requiring each domestic consumer, residing outside of cities or incorporated towns, to secm'e a permit from the chairman of his local commission to use coal, where it was shown that wood or other substitutes for coal were not obtainable. This reguktion was subsequently approved by the National Fuel Administration and made optional in other States. (11) On July 20 the entire production of the Virginia anthracite fields was taken over by the fuel administration and the maximum mine price was fixed, and no coal was allowed to be shipped from these mines except on direct orders from Richmond. Subsequently North and South Carolina were allowed one-sixth each of the output of these mines, to be shipped under the direction of the administrators of these two States. This meant that a market had to be created for the steam sizes of Virginia anthracite, which was very successfully done under the management of the assistant administrator, who had this entire matter in charge, (12) Beginning in August, 1918, the State administration took over the distribution of its quota of New River and Kanawha coal, and orders were placed through this office for the entire budget allowed the State of Virginia, the district representatives in these fields not being allowed to accept orders except through this office. In addition to the above, orders were placed for shipments from the Clinch Valley fields, a total of approximately 800 cars per week being handled by direct orders of the State fuel administration. It became necessary for the assistant administrator to make frequent visits through the State looking into local con- ditions, and also to consult with district representatives in the various coal fields supplying Virginia. (13) On October 1 Edward J. Willis was appointed administrative engineer, with Capt. Emery F. Smith as his assistant. On November 8 Mr. Willis was also appointed director of conservation. Mr. Willis's pre- paratory work was as follows: Names and locations of aU coal-consuming plants in Virginia were obtained and their products and amoimt of coal used were tabulated; Government questionnaires were sent out accom- panied by questionnaires especially adapted to the State of Virginia. The question seemed to be largely one of substituting high volatile coal for low volatile, as at that time the Government needed low volatile coal for more direct war purposes, and slight changes had to be made in the questionnaires in order that efficient and maximum work might be done with high volatile coal. In connection with the work as outlined above, a number of visits were made to the larger plants by both Mr. Willis and Capt. Smith, and instructions and advice were given as to the use of high volatile coal. There being an acute shortage of the supply of anthracite coal for domestic purposes, a number of tests in homes were made to ascertain if Virginia anthracite buckwheat could be used. It was found that this could not be used satisfactorily under general conditions at the time; however, quite an amount of this coal was used by mixing it with bituminous coal for steam purposes. In order that Mr. Willis might get in personal contact with the engineers and steam users of the States, he prepared a lecture (profusely illustrated by cuts and slides, some of which were supplied by the fuel adminis- tration and some were of his own manufacture) which was delivered in Mechanics Institute, Richmond, Va., on November 26, 1918. Mr. Willis had intended to give this lecture in all of the larger towns throughout the State, but the signing of the armistice put a stop to his work. (14) The resignation of Senator Byrd as fuel administrator for Virginia was accepted by Dr. Harry A. Garfield on October 18, 1918. The successor to Senator Harry F. Byrd, Robert H. Angell, of Roanoke, Va., took office October 28, 1918. During the interim the assistant fuel administrator, J. C. DOlon, was empowered from Washington to serve as acting State fuel administrator with full powers pertaining to this office. (15) One of the first steps taken by Mr. AngeU after assuming his duties was to conclude the negotiations which Mr. Byrd had under way for the interchange of surplus hydroelectric power of the city of Richmond with the Virginia Railway & Power Co., as a conservation measure, it being estimated that 2,500 tons of coal FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 375 would be conserved, with a saving of about $12,500 to the city. The administrative board had already passed a resolution instructing the city attorney to draw up a contract with the Virginia Railway & Power Co., and the measure would undoubtedly have been adopted had it not been for the signing of the armistice, which shortly put a stop to all conservation measures which were then under way. (16) A refund of more than $18,000 and a penalty of more than $1,500 were exacted from one company for profiteering and for gross violations of regulations pertaining to the distribution of coal. (17) As the result of a conference held in Washington November 7 between District Eepresentatives Zim merman and Howe, the distribution department of the United States Fuel Administration, and John C. Dillon assistant fuel administrator, it was decided to remove the restrictions then in effect, which required that no orders should be filled for shipments of coal from the New River and Pocahontas fields to Virginia, except on orders from the Virginia State fuel administration to district representatives; and a release was issued on No- vember 9 by the State fuel administrator to that effect. (18) Following the very urgent request of Mr. Byrd to the distribution department before he resigned for an increase in the allotment of Pennsylvania anthracite coal for Virginia, an additional allotment of 65,000 tons was granted on the 23d of November and an arrangement was made with the producers for emergency cases, a payment of $300 per car being deposited with the State administrator by consignees to cover the cost of such shipments. Under this arrangement a considerable tonnage was delivered in order to relieve actual suffering in certain locahties, where there was an acute shortage. (19) At the urgent request of the retail dealers of Richmond and Norfolk an increase of 25 cents per ton was allowed on their gross margin applying only on their deliveries of steam bituminous coal and of domesti sizes of anthracite. This increase was made only after a very through investigation of the costs entering int their deliveries, which investigation was conducted by Mr. W. D. Waugh of the Federal Trade Commission this increase became effective January 1, 1919. (20) On December 12 a letter was sent to aU industrial plants throughout the State urging them to protect themselves by securing coal through their own efforts. The administration then directed its efforts toward the delivery of anthracite coal, of which there was then a serious shortage. (21) A final order as to the distribution of coal was issued on January 31, advising consumers that all regulations as to prices and deliveries of both anthracite and bituminous coals were permanently removed. The situation at this time had been very much relieved, and reports from the entire State developed the fact that aU classes of consmners were being well taken care of without the assistance of the administration. (22) On February 24 a circular letter was sent out to all chairmen of local commissions requesting their releases to be sent in effective February 28 and that aU records, files, and documents in their possession be shipped to Washington in comphance with the request of the bureau of State organizations. Respectfully submitted. John C. Dillon, Assistant Fuel Administrator for Virginia. For R. H. Angell, Federal Fuel Administrator for Virginia. Richmond, Va., February 3, 1919. ACTIVITIES OF THE BUREAU OF CONSERVATION. I was appointed administrative engineer for the State of Virginia, October 1, 1918, and director of con- servation, November 8, 1918. Capt. Smith was appointed assistant administrative engineer October 1. My office force consists of my stenographer, Mrs. Florence Oliver. In preparations for our work, the names and locations of all coal-consmning plants in Virginia were gotten, also their products and the kind and the amount of coal used were tabulated; Government questionnaires were sent out accompanied with questionnaires of our own which were especially adapted to the State of Virginia. This number approximated 400. The problem seemed to be largely one of substituting high volatile coal for low volatile coal, as at that time the department had need of low volatile coal for more direct war purposes, and minor changes had to be made in the questionnaire in order that efficiency might result and the maximum amount of work might be done with high volatile coal. In connection with the above plan, a number of Visits was made to the larger plants by both Capt. Smith and myself, and instructions and advice were given as to how the desired results might be accomplished. There was an acute shortage of supply of anthracite coal for domestic purposes. In this connection, we made a number of tests in our homes to ascertain if the Virginia buckwheat anthracite could not be used. We 376 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. found no way to use it satisfactorily under the general conditions at that time. However, quite an amount of this coal is being used by mixing bituminous coal for steam purposes. In connection with this work, we cir- cularized the State by mailing to the various plants the following literature: "Hand-firing soft coal under power-plant boilers." "Fuel waste in the power plant. Where to look for it and how to reduce it and improve plant efficiency." "Recommendation from Fuel Administration concerning the generation and use of power, light, and heat." We also aimed to place in the homes pamphlets of "Coal saving in the home" through the various county school superintendents, retail coal dealers, chairmen of local fuel committees, etc. We also had 50 leaflets entitled "How to burn soft coal in base-burner stoves" sent out from Washington to each of the retail coal dealers in Virginia. In order that we might get in personal contact with the engineers and steam users of this State, I prepared a lecture (profusely illustrated by cuts and slides, some of which were siipplied by the department, and some were of my own manufacture) which was delivered in Mechanics Institute, Richmond, Va., on November 26, 1918. I had intended to give this lecture in the larger towns throughout the State. As to the amount of coal saved or conserved in the State of Virginia, it would be impossible for me or any- one else to say other than this, that in every plant under all conditions we met a most hearty response and a willingness of all concerned to do as they were directed; and they aU evinced a cooperation and spirit of loyalty to serve their Government in every way so as to conserve coal in order that they might take an active part in bringing the war to a speedy close. The amount of coal saved must have been very considerable; as you know, when all hands are working for the same end and pulling together, they can accomplish much. Respectfully submitted. Edward J. Willis, Administrative Engineer and Director of Conservation for Virginia. Emery F. Smith, Assistant Administrative Engineer for Virginia. Richmond, Va., January 2, 1919. VIRGINIA, Name. Byrd, Harry F. (resigned) . ill.E.H Angel STATE ADVISOBY BOARD. Cottrell, Walker H. Montague, 0. H Bryan, Jonatlian. . . Reed, W. T Coffey, J. W STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Dillon, Jno.C Willis, Edw. J Smith, Capt. Emery F. . . Montague, Carroll H . . Arriagton, Ethel M . . . Ashhy, Ida Cunnmgham, Martha. McGraw, Jean Lee, Mary Lingo, Margaret I Maphis, Elsie Oliver, Florence Peacock, Mary J Rawson, LilUe T Schaill, Mary J Schaill, Marguerite Spicer, Mary C Warren, Anne Wormley, Carter C. WMtehurst, Elsie. . Title. State fuel administrator. do Wharton, Francis Stenographer, Assistant fuel administrator Administrative engineer and director of conservation. Assistant administrative engi- neer. Wood administrator Stenographer .....do Clerk do Stenographer do do do..: do do Chief clerk Clerk ....do Stenographer Pubhcity agent . Clerk Official station. Richmond. do Richmond. . do do do Lynchburg.. Home address. Winchester.. Roanoke 1906 Hanover Avenue, Richmond. . Monroe Terrace, Richmond 2217 Monument Avenue,Richmond 1009 West Franklin Street, Rich- mond. Lynchburg Richmond i 1725 Connecticut Avenue, Wash- ington, D. C. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Ill Mutual Building, Richmond. 706 Stuart Road, Richmond Monroe Terrace, Richmond Mutual Building, Richmond 1328 West Main Street, Richmond. 5 East Franklin Street, Richmond, 1036 West Grace Street,Richmond. 3003 Floyd Avenue, Richmond 216 Norths! de Avenue, Richmond. Winchester 706 Stuart Road, Richmond 3003 Floyd Avenue, Richmond 2218 Floyd Avenue, Richmond 1120 West Avenue, Richmond ...do 905 Floyd Avenue, Richmond 1836 East Seventy-ninth Street, Kansas City, Mo. 2236 Monument Avenue, Rich- mond, CareofC.C. Graves, R. F. D. No. 4, Richmond. 2217 Hanover Avenue, Richmond. Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V S V Served. From— Nov. 8,1917 Oct. 28,1918 Nov. 15,1917 ■■■40 ...:do ....do ....do...'... Mar. 1, 1918 Oct. 1,1918 .do. June Jan. Dec. July Sept. Fel). Sept. Nov. Oct. Dec. Oct. Nov. Feb. Sept. Sept. 1, 1918 10,1918 15,1917 1,1918 16,1918 11,1918 5, 1918 20, 1917 4, 1918 10. 1917 15. 1918 12. 1917 28. 1918 6, 1918 4,1918 Jan. 1,1918 June 10,1918 Feb. 7,1918 To- Oct. 18,1918 Apr. 7,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Nov. 16,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Mar. 31,1919 Feb. 28,1919 Dec. 31,1918 Nov. 15,1918 Jan. 29,1918 Feb. 23,1918 Oct. 1, 1918 Dec. 31,1918 Mar. 15,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Oct. 10,1918 Jan. 31,1919 Dec. 15,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Mar. 15,1919 Do. Oct. 2, 1918 Dec. 31,1918 Oct. 15,1918 May 24,1918 FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. VIRGINIA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES. 377 Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES. Alexandria: Warfield, Geo. E., chair- man. Bryan, Albert Wnitton, Alice, stenog- rapher. Bristol: Faucette, J. H., chair- man. Cockran, W. H., chair- man (succe^or). Warren, Geo. M Mitchell, J. D Buena Vista: Paxt on, W. T. , chairman . Key, W. N Rucker, H. S CharlottesTille: Walker, Geo. E., chair- man. Conway, A. V Martins, J. Couley Whitlock, Janet, stenog- rapher. Clifton Forge: Grimsley, -\. H., chair- man. Jones H. S Snead.E. A Covington: Stokes, E. C Frank, J. C Mountcastle, D. B MeCaleb.Thos Hirons,E. G , Danville: Boatwright, W. P., chairman. Williamson,!. S Conway, P. F ■ Keen, Ballard, clerk Farmvllle: Thompson, J. Taylor, chairman. Shields E. S Bugg, J.L Fredericksbm-g : Jones, C. W., chairman . Willis, M. G.,jr Smith, Wm. Mayo Hampton: Saunders, Howard W., chairman. Kearney, Wm. J Eawlings, W. R Jolmsoii, Bessie, stenog- rapher. Harrisonburg: Myers, Jos. G., chairman. Price, G. Gratton Cover, J. R Hopewell: Smith, Jesse G., chair- man. Gilfceson, W. I., chair- man. Duncan, Warren L Lexington: Graham, Edward L., chairman. Mallory, Francis Tucker, Robert H Lynchburg: Hancock, Richard, chair- man. Menelee, E. E McWane.L. H Rucker, Mamie J., ste- nographer. Watts, M. C, clerk Newport News: Massie, J. A., chairman. Barrett, W.E Locke, John B Norfolk: Hough, James W., chairman. Slake, Norman H Cox W- A Clarfc, Bell, stenographer Fisher, Sarah, stenogra- pher. Helvtn, J. A., clerk Petersburg: Clements, E. E., chair- man. Lyons, D. A., jr Myers, H. C Official station. Volun- teer or salary Alexandria. . .do... -do... Bristol ....do ..do ..do Buena Vista.. ....do ....do Charlottesville . .do. .do. -do. Clifton Forge. . .do. .do. Covington ! V do i V .do. .do. -do. ....do... ....do... ....do... .do. .do. Fredericksburg. do do Hampton. Phoebus Hampton, R.F. D.No. I. Hampton Harrisonburg . . do Elkton Hopewell | V do ; V do V Lexington i V .do..-, .do.... Lynchbiirg. . ....do ....do ....do ....do Newport News ewpoi ".do'.'. Norfolk. ...do ...do ...do ...do ....do Petersburg. ....do ....do Served. From- Jan. 1,1918 ....do June 13,1918 Jan. 1,1918 July 1.1918 Jan. 1, 1918 Dec 21 -do.. 1917 do.. Dec. 1.5 1917 do.. do.. do.. Nov. 22 1917 do.. do.. Dec. 21 do.. .do 1917 .. ..do .do do.. do.. .do.. Apr. 1 1918 Jiily 1 1918 do.. do Dec. 21 do. do. 1917 do To- ....do do June 6,1918 Nov. 20,1917 do do Nov. 15,1917 July 1,1918 Nov. 16,1917 ....do Dec. 1, 1917 do do do Mar. 5, 1918 Aug. 6,1918 Jan. 5,1918 do do 1 Same as city of Charlottesville. V V S do do Dec. 31,1917 do ....do Aug. 1, 1918 Oct. 1, 1918 -do... .do.... .do.... Feb. 28,1919 Do. Dec. 31,1918 July 1,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. July 1, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Sept. 30,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 31,1919 July 24,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Name. CITY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Portsmouth: Morris, John \., chair- man. Lash, E. L Welton, Charles L Carlisle, Elizabeth, ste- nographer. Fox, Leslie T., clerk Radford: EUolt, Guy F., chair- man. Hagan,E. S Tyler, F.C Richmond: Blair, A. Beirne, chair- man. Williams, Frank D Leigh, Egbert G.,ir Reed, William T Price, James H Smith, H. Laurie, assist- ant commissioner. Jackson, Emma, clerk... JelTeries, Elsie B., ste- nographer. Jobson , Martha Roanoke: -.\ngel, R. H., chairman. Martta, James C Turner.M.W Staunton: Yost, Jacob, chairman.. Crowle, Jno. D., chair- man (successor). Pilson, J. W. H., chair- man (successor). Catlett, Charles Pancake, Campbell Suffolk: Brewer, Richard, L., jr. chairman. Ferguson, W. B., chair- man (successor) . Butler, John M Waynesboro: Coiner, Theo., chairman. Van Lear, Chas. A Harper, J. Frank Williamsburg; BridgesH, L., chairman. Cooke, R. P Porter, W.H Winchester; WUliams, R. Gray, chair- man. Field, A. H McCarthy, J. Crosby Dean Kilda B., stenog- rapher. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES. Accomac: White, Roy D., chair- man. MoMath, Albert J Hickman, A. T Albemarle: i Walker, Geo. E., chair- man. Conway, A. V Martin, J. Couley Whitlock, Janet, stenog- . rapher. Alexandria: Ball, Frank L., chair- man. Lyon, Frank Rust, David N., jr Alleghany; ' Grimsley, A. H., chair- man. Jones, H. S Snead, E. A Amelia: Jefferson, J. G., sr., chairman. Sydnor, J. A Barnes, W. W Amherst: Cox, R. M., chairman. Smiley, W.K Goodwin, J. R Appomattox: Smith, L. E., chairman. Howerton, A. H Franklin, L. R Official station. Portsmouth. . .do... .do... .do... do Christiansburg ....do East Radford.. Richmond . do.... do.... do..-- do-.. do..-. do.-. do.-. Volun- teer or salary. Roanoke - -...do--- .-..do..-. Staunton:, --..do ---.do-. ---.do-, ---.do.. Suffolk ...-do ....do Waynesboro . . do do WilUamsburg. Williamsburg R. F. D. Toano Winchester.. do do do Parksley . Onley... Painter.. Charlottesville ...do.... ...do..,., ...do..... Clarendon., do Alexandria., .do., -do.. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s V V Clifton Forge...' V V V Amelia, C. H...1 V Mannboro V Amelia C. H. Amherst.. ....do ....do Appomattox . . Spout Springs. Pamplin , V V V V V V Served. From- I )(■!,. 16,1918 Dec. 31,1917 ....do ....do To- Dee. 19,1917 .-..do Dec. 20,1917 ....do ....do Dec. 15,1917 July 22,1918 I Oct. 15,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Oct. 16,1918 Dec. 31, lai.s Fob. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 15,1919 Oct. 15,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Aug. 1,1918 1 Aug. 26,1918 Nov. 15,1917 Jan. 8,1918 ----do Deo. 21,1917 July 1,1918 Dec. 21,1917 ...-do Dec. 31,1917 July 1, 1918 Dec. 31,1917 Jan. 8, 1918 ....do ....do Jan. 12,1918 ....do ....do Jan. 25,1917 ....do ....do Julv 1, 1918 Jan. 21,1918 .do., .do.. Dec. 15,1917 ....do., ....do., ....do.. i"eb. 1, 1918 .do.. .do.. Nov. 22,1917 .do., .do. Fob 1,1918 ....do ....do Dec. 24,1917 ....do ....do I Jan. 3, 1918 ....do ....do = Same as city of Clifton Forge. Oct. 28,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. July 1,1918 Feb. 28,1913 Do. Do. July 1, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 31,1918 Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 378 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. VIRGINIA— Contimied. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES — continued. Augusta: i Yost, Jacob, chairman . . Orowle, Jno. D., chair- man (successor). Filsou, J. W. H., chair- man (successor). Catlett, Charles Pancake, Camphell Bath: Wright, Hugh,chainnan. MoClintic, N. Howard. .. Hillman, Carl Bedford: Sale, Nelson, chairman.. Gills, L.E Oliver, T. T Bland: Walker, J. N., chairman. Dunn, Guy Honaker, J. D., jr Botetourt: McNamara, Jas. H., chairman. Preston, A. G Didier, Darcy Dillcai, L. P Dill, J. C Brunswick: Smithey, Marvin, chair- maji. Osbom, Geo. N., chair- man (successor). Meredith. W.W Peebles, W. S Buchanan: Clark, Frank, chairman. Looney, Jos. B Childress, J. J Buckingham: V Carter, A. W., chairman. Hughes, E. B Hudgins, E. B Campbell: 2 Hancock, Richard, chairman. Menefee, E. E McWane, L. H Rucker, Mamie J., ste- nographer. Watts, M. C, clerk Caroline: Martin, L. E., chairman. Richards, J. T., chair- man. Turner, A. F Lyon, Geo. P Carroll: ' Lindsay, W. H., chair- man. Charles City: Willcox, W. C, chair- man. Tremper, L. J Avery, John W Charlotte: Osborne, Chas. A., chair- man. Chermside, H. B Pettus, W.H.,jr Jackson, R. B Bailey, S. T Chesterfield: Baker, W. W., chairman. Eanes, R. Edgar Cogbill.P. V Clarke: Jones, J. T., chairman. . . Levi, Geo. H Riley, Reid Craig: Martin, W. 0., chairman. LeppoU, F. B I^ayman, W. H Cuipeper: Forbes, Chas. , chairman . Hiden, J. G Yo roll, John W Miller, R. E Cumberland: Cruto, J. M., chairman. .. Baker, M. H Flippin, W.M Dickenson: Fuller, F.H., chairman.. i-PliiT7ps. Columbus Remines, M. W Official station. Staunton. do .do., -do. Hot Springs do do Bedford City... do do Bastian Bland Rocky Gap- Eagle Rock Amsterdam — do Indian Rock . . . Buchanan Lawrence ville. do .do- -do. Grundy. Stacy. . . Grundy. Dillwyn Arvonia New Canton. Lynchburg- -. do do do ....do Bowling Green. do Port Royal-. Woodford-.. Cliff view. Charles City---. Bametts - - Holdcroft- Keysville . Charlotte C. H . Drakes Branch. do Phenix Hallsboro . . . Ettricks. . .. Chesterfield . Berry ville. . . do MilLvood Ne',\"castle.. ....do do Cuipeper. do... do... do... Farmville, P F. D. Columbia Cumberland. Clintv.ood do do Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V V V \' \' V .V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Dec. 21,1917 July 1, 1918 Dec. 21,1917 do Dec. 22,1917 do do To— Dec. 21,1917 do do Deo, 24,1917 do do Dec. 21,1917 ..do... ..do... ..do.- ..do.-- .do.. Dec. 21,1917 do Jan. 23,1918 do do Deo. 21,1917 do do Dec. 31,1917 do do Aug. 1, 1918 Oct. 1, 1918 Jan. 21,1918 July 1, 1918 Jan. 21,1918 do .do -do. .do. .do.. do do do ....do do Dec. 29,1917 do do Jan. 21,1918 ....do do Dec. 26,1917 do do Dec. 21,1917 do do do Jan. 2.'), 1918 do do Dec. 31,1917 do do July 1, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Sept. 30, 1918 Dec. 31,1918 July 1, 1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Dinwiddle: Beck, J. li., chairman. . Rives, W.C Maves, D. C Elizabeth City: » Saunders, H. W., chair- man. Iveaniey, Wm, J Rawlings, W. R Official station. Volun-, teeror , Served. From- Johnson, Bessie, stenog- rapher. Essex: Parker, W.J. .chairman. Lewis, Jas. M Newbill, H. L Fairfax: Williams, Herbert F., chairman. Ward, Wm. R Mankin, Geo. T. (de- ceased). Fauquier: Gaines, Grenville, chaii- man. Ensor, !■'. S Kamey, John Gaines, Wm.H., clerk... Fliivaima: Mosby, L. Everett, chair- man (deceased). Mosby. Henry S. , chair- man. Franklin: Garrett, .\ . B., chairman. Greer, C. S. . chairman. . . Frederick: < Williams, R. G., chair- man. Field, iV.H McCarthy, J. C Dean, Hilda B,, stenog- rapher. Giles: Mason, Bernard, chair- man. T>ennis, E. J. S., chair- man. Brown, C. ,\ Lumsden, .\ . W Gloucester: Gray, Z.T,, chairman... Lewis, J. M: Ashe, W. T Goochland: Gathright, C. C Pitts, Luther Bowles, Hal Grayson: Cox, Kyle T., chairman. Smith, C. L Fulton, Terry R Jones, R. E Greenesville: Taylor, H. L., chairman. Cato, W.R Fields, James Halifax; Penick, W.L., chairman. McCanless, W. A Leigh, Benj. Watkins. . . Hanover: Meyberg, L. E.W., chair- man. Terrell, Everett Ancell.V. C Henrico:^ Blair, .\. Beirne, chair- man. Williams, Franli: D Leigh, Egbert G., j r Reed, Wm. T Price, J. H Smith, H. Laurie, assist- ant commissioner. Jackson, Emma, clerk. .- Jefferies, Elsie B., ste- nographer. Jobson. Martha Henry: Walker, R. L.,chairman- T^amsey, E. T Coleman, T. C Isle of Wight: Gay. B. P., chairman. . . Wilson, W. P Rhodes, W. P Butter.vorlh. , McKenney Church Road . Hampton Phoebus Hampton R. F. D. No. 1. Hampton Mount Landing, Tappahannock. Montague Vierma. . Accotink Falls Church... ^\'arlell1(ln. Catlett Marshall . . . Warrenton. Columbia . . ....do...'.. Rockymount.. ....do Winchester. . . ....do. ....do. ....do. I'earlsburg. ....do ^'arro',^"s . . , Pembroke. bignpinc . . . Gloucester - Roahes Goochland . Elk Hill-.. Sabot Independence. Fries Carson\-lIle Galax Emporia. do. - . do... .\shland . Beaverdam . Hanover Richmond . ....do ....do da ....do ....do ..-.do.. ....do.. .do. South Boston. - do Houston V V V V V s V \' V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Martinsville- - - Bassetts Ridgeway Smithfield - Rushmere- . Windsor... V V V V V V V V V V V V Dec. 21,1918 do do Deo. 21,1917 ....do. ....do. June ,5, 1918 Doc. 21,1917 do do Dec. 15,1017 ...do.. ...do.. Dec. 22,1917 -...do ....do Sept. 1,1918 Dec. 29,1917 Oct. 1,1918 Dee. 15,1917 Jan. 30,1918 Jan. 25,1917 -...do -...do July I, 1918 Dec. .31,1917 ' Dec. 31, 1917 • do Jan. 4, 1918 do do Jan. 14,1918 do do Jan. 4, 1918 do do do I Jan. 30,1918 do do Jan. 8, 1918 do , do Dec. 31,1917 do , do Dec. 19,1917 do Dec. 20,1917 do , do Dec. 15,1917 July 22,1918 Oct. 16,1918 Aug. 1, 1918 Jan. 27,1918 do do Jan. 3, 1918 do do To- Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 31, 1919 Fob. 28, 1BI9 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 31,191R Feb. 28,1919 Jan. 30,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Dee. 31,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 16,1919 Oct. 16,1918 Dec. 31,1919 Aug. 26,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ' Same as Staunton City ' Same as city of Lynchburg. 3 Same as city of Hampton. ' Same as city of Winchester. « Same as city of Richmond. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATOES. VIRGINIA- Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 379 Name. OfBcial station. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES- continued. James City: i Bridges.H. L.,oliairman. Cooke. R. 1' Torter, W. H kinc and Queen: Fleer, J W., chairman.. BaKljy, W. F Bland, Geo. C Kinfr Georg«: I'urks, C. W., chairman . Minor, Mike Gamett, Henry Kin? William: Thompson, Croshy, chainnan. Commin.";. Harrv P Sohaklett. Wm. S Lancaster: Buck, Levin T, chair- man. Dosgett, W. A., chair- man (successor). Armsworthv, F. M Long, E. W Lee; Pennington, E . W., cliairman. Bales, Chas. C, chair- man. Anderson, I. S Sowell, David C Loudoun; Clemens, "VV. H., chair- man. Vandevanters, A. C Hutchinson, R. W Louisa; Haskell, P. H., chair- man. Terrell, H. E Nolting, C. H TjUnenburg; Gee, E. L., chairman... ,\IIen, Geo. E., chair- man. Baeley, J. H Madison: Hill, R. F., chairman . . Huckstep, W. J Payne, W. G Mathews: Haynes, J. W. D., chair- man. Sears, J. Boyd Hoskins, R. R Mecklenberg: Gregory, Lucius, chair- man. .Jeffreys, R. L Smith, N. F Middlesex; Moody, Alonzo, chair- man. Evans, W. D Lawson, W. H Montgomery; ' EUett, G. F., chairman. Hagan, E. S Tyler, F, C Nansemond; 3 Brewer, R. L., jr., chair- man.' Ferguson, W. B., chair- man (successor). Butler, John M Nelson; Mezick, Frank, chair- ihan. Sherman, H. O Lamb, E. E New Kent: Walls, J. L., chairman . Potts, George E Lipscomb, W. K Norfolk; Morris, Jno- A., chair- man. Lash,E.L Welton, Charles L Northampton: Daniel, J, T., chairman., Holland, Edward Tankard, Edward G Williamsburg . Williamsburg, R.F. D. Toano Biscoe King and Queen C. H. Shacklefords Goby. Comorn.. Tetotum. Westpoinl . Palls Westpoint . Woems . ....do.. Volun- teer or salary. Kilmarnock. . Irvmgton Penningl on Gap. do Rose Hill - Jonesville. Leesburg. Round Hm. Ashbum Mineral . Buckner . . . Trevilians. Victoria. do... .do. Locustdale. Rochelle . . . Madison . . . Cobbs Creek . Mathews - do... Chase City . do South Hill . Church View. Saluda . . . LockUes . Christiansburg do East Radford. Suffolk.... do.... do.... Arnngton. Shipman Lovingston . Lanexa Barhamsville. Tunstall Portsmouth. .do. .do. Blackstone.. Eastville Franktown.. 1 Same as city of Williamsburg. 2 Same as Radford City. Served. From — Jan. 12, 191S do .do. .do. ....do ....do.. ....do-. ....do-. Jan. .do- .do. Jan. 5.1918 Jan. 5,1918 ....do Jan. 22,1918 Jan. 22,1918 -..-do , Jan. 1,1918 .do. .do. Jan. 29,1918 do...- -.do Dec. .31.1917 -...do .-do. .do- .do. .do. Jan. 22,1918 .do. .do. To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dec. 31,1917 .do. .do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. July 1,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Aug. 1,1918 Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. 3 Same as city of Suffolk. * Same as city of Danville. Jan. 4, 1918 .do .do Dec. 31,1917 ....do .-..do do July 1,1918 Dec. 31,1917 Jan. 23,1918 Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Northumberland: Fisher, J. C, chairman.. Garner, A . B Courtney, W.J Nottoway: Adams, Geo. P., chair- man. Lce,H.E Bostick, W. P Orange; Perry, F. B., chairman.. Marsjiall, R. P Dowell, W. L Page: Campbell, Walter, chair- man. Hammer, J. A., chair- man. Rhodes, W.L Koontz, Hubert L Patrick; Hooker, J. M., chairman. George, T. J Pittsylvania; * Boatwright, W. P., chairman. Williamson, T . S Conway, P. F Keen, Ballard, clerk Powhatan: Finch, P., chairman. . .. Gordian, Brother Winfree, R. W Prince Edward: s Thompson, J. T., chair- man. Shields, E. S Bugg.J.L Prince George: Kalor, John, chairman. Wood, Joseph Shands, T. A Princess Anne: Smith, Edwin J., chair- man. Malbon, J. T Baum, A. O Prince William: Johnson, C. R. C, chair- man. Nash,C.E Arlington, D, J Pulaski: Calfee, E. W., chairman. Wvatt, W. B Miller, J. W Richmond: Wellford, R. C, chair- man. Grifflth, B. B Sharp, Elie Roanoke: 8 Angell, R. H., chairman. Brown, Hon. Chas. W. (successor). ^ Martin, James C Turner, M. W Rockbridge: ^ Graham, Edward L., chairman. Mallory, Francis Tucker, Robert H Rockingham:^ M3;ers, Jos. G. chairman. Price, G. Gratton Cover, J. R Russell: Smith, J. W. A LvnchjT. B Dickenson, R. Walter .. Scott; Johnson, J. H. , chairman Carter, J. W Kan6,R. R Shenandoah: Ford, W. C, chairman.. Driver, Wm. F Wright , Richard Smyth: "Copenhaver, B. E., chairman. Tate, Jas.D Sheffey,J. P Offlcial station. Reedvillc Lewisetta Mundy Point . Blackstone Crewe Burkeyille. Orange Barboursvillc. . Gordonsville . . Luray . ....do. Volun- teer or salary. ....do Marksville Stuart - ---.do. Danville . ....do.. ....do.- ....do.. Mohemenco Rock Castle Mosleys Junc- tion. Farmville .do. .do. Disputanta - . . , Petersburg, R. F. D. Carson Norfolk. Pleasant Ridge, \ ine . ■- Manassas. .do. .do. Pulaski . ....do.. do.. Emmerton. Sharps Roanoke do.: .do. .do. Lexington . do do Harrisonburg. do Elkton Blackford . Lebanon . . St. Paul.. Gate City. do do..-- Woodstock... New Market. Strasburg Marion. .do. .do. V V V V V ^' V ^' V V V V V V V V s V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V do Apr. 1,1918 ' Same as Farmville City. ' Same as Roanoke City. Served. From — Jan. 26,1918 do do Jan. 25,1918 do.. do.. Jan. 5 do.. do.. 1918 Jan. 17 do.. 1918 do do Jan. 23 do 1918 Dec. 21 do.. 1917 Jan. 5,1918 do do. July 1 do. 1918 do Jan. 9,1918 do ....do Pec. 1,1917 .do .do Dec. 27,1917 ....do. ....do Jan. 7,1918 ....do. -- ....do. Jan. 9 ....do. .-..do. 1918 Jan. 8, 1918 Oct. 28,1918 Jan. 8,1918 ..--do Nov. 15,1917 .-.-do ....do Nov. 20,1917 ....do ....do Jan. 8,1918 ....do ....do Jan. 7,1918 ....do ....do ....do- do- do- --do--.- -do- -do- To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. .Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Oct. 28,191» Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 'Same » Same as Lexington Cily. as city of Harrisonburg 380 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIYISION. VIRGINIA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continusd. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEE3- eontinued. Southampton: Beale, E. L., chairman. Bristown, W. O Gillette, Lin. A Spotsylvania: Perry, Geo. W., chair- man. Dickinson, Frank P Mills, N.L Stafford: Herring, Geo. W., chair- man. Herrv,C. J Peyton, Whit D Surry: Savedge, G. A., chair- man. Rogers, W. O Burt,W. Stanley Sussex: Birdsong, F. L,, chair- man. Prince, W. D Crawford, Wyim Tazewell: Hopkins, O. E., chair- man. Steele, A. J Bowen, Reese T Spratt, H. L., clerk Warren: Sonuer, W. W., chair- man. Official station. Franklin. - do.... Courtland. Sunlight . . Fredericksbui-g, R.F.D.No.l. Stafford. Coakley Fredericksbxu-g, R.F. D.No.2. Alliance Volun- teer or Claremont . Homeville . Stony Creek. . Yale North Tazewell. Tazewell Pounding Mill, R. F. D. Tazewell Front Royal . V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. Jan. 10,1918 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ...-do ....do ....do Jan. 21,1918 ....do ....do Jan. 22,1918 ....do ....do Jan. 9,1918 ....do , ....do ....do Jan. 21,1918 To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. Official station. COUNTY FUEL COMHUTTEES— continued. Warren— Continued. Strange, T.J Hamsberger, J. B West, Edwards Warwick: Holt, Robt. P., chair- man. Barnes, Geo. P Crafford,M. C Washington: Hughes, C. W., chair- man. Copenhaver, R. C Davis, Fred L Westmoreland: Mason, Fielding, chair- man. Mann, George C Thrift, C. C Wise: Hyatt, H. E., chaii'mau. Lay, J. P Richmond, M. D Hamblen, J. S Wythe: Sanders, Curran F., chairman. Sexton, Geo. S Dix, Johns Gammon, C. E York: Renforth-, A. J., chair- man. Powers, D. A Smith, Geo. L. Riverton Front Royal. do Newport News Morrison . Leehall-. Abingdon. .do. .do. Colonial Beach, Montross. , ICinsale.., Norton Coebum Appalachia Big Stone Gap Wytheville ....do Crockett Rural Retreat. Grafton Williamsburg, R. F. D. Tabb Volun- teer or salary. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Jan. 21,1918 do do ..do.. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. ....do. .do. .do. Jan. 18,1918 do do do Jan. 19,1918 do do do Jan. 8, 1918 do do To— Feb. 28,1919 Do. Do. Do, Do, Do. Do, Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do, Do, Do. WASHINGTON. ORGANIZATION. THE OFFICE STAFF. The history of the W^ashington State fuel administration dates from September 29, 1917, when, on the recommendation of Gov. Ernest Lister and of Dr. Henry Suzzallo, chairman of the State council of defense, David Whitcomb, of Seattle, was appoiated State fuel administrator. Mr. Whitcomb, a graduate of Amherst College in the class of 1901, is, in addition to being president of the Arcade Building & Kealty Co., prominently identified with nimierous realty and banking interests in Seattle. During the first four months of his period in office he put his personal business affairs into the hands of his associates and devoted practically his entire time to the work of the administration. The day following his appointment Mr. Whitcomb left Seattle for Washington, D. C. He arrived too late to be present at the meeting of all the State administrators, but, through conference with Dr. Garfield and others in the newly formed administration, he gained a knowledge of the fundamentals on which the work of the administration was to be based and of the work already performed. In April, 1918, Mr. Whitcomb, following a series of conferences in Washington, D. C, was appointed executive secretary to the United States Fuel Administration. For some weeks the business of the State administration was carried on by the remaining members of the staff. On June 18, 1918, Mr. Winlock W. Miller, of Seattle, was appointed to succeed Mr. Whitcomb. Mr. Miller, who is a regent of the University of Washington, remained at the head of the State administration until its dissolution, retaining almost unchanged the organization established by Mr. Whitcomb. The first appointment made by Mr. Whitcomb on his return to Seattle on October 15 was of Mr. Herbert Evison, of Seattle, as his private secretary. Mr. Evison had been for some years in newspaper work, his connec- tions in Seattle being with the Seattle Post-InteUigencer and the Associated Press. He remained with the administration until May 1, 1918, when he resigned to enter the military service. This appointment was shortly followed by that of Mr. Ralph C. Dean as executive secretary. Mr. Dean had recently been graduated from the University of Washington Law School, and he had for several years previous been commissary manager for the Rainier National Park Co. As one of the most pressing problems that faced the administration at its inception was that of transpor- tation, Mr. Whitcomb was fortunate enough, almost at the beginning, to secure from the Washington State Public Service Commission the loan of the services of Mr. O. O. Calderhead, the commission's rate expert, and the man who probably enjoyed a more complete expert acquaintance with the railroads of the State and their personnel than any other man. Mr. Calderhead remained with the administration for a month, when he was transferred by the public service commission to Washington, D. C. On November 1, 1917, Mr. George T. Dalton, special agent of the Federal Trade Commission, was assigned to the fuel administrations of Washington, Oregon, and California. Mr. Dalton had been connected with the Federal Trade Commission since its organization, and before that time with the Bureau of Corporations. As Washington is the only coal-producing State of the three to which he was assigned, and as many of the legal aspects of the fuel administration work involved the producers, his headquarters were with the Washington administration most of the time, and in the early summer of 1918 he was relieved of jurisdiction over California. In June, 1918, his status was changed from that of special agent of the Federal Trade Commission to agent of the fuel administration bureau of investigation and assistant to the State administrators of Washington and Oregon. About a month later it became advisable to add Mr. Keith Lackey to the organization as inspector. Mr. Lackey, who has a broad knowledge of the coals produced in the Northwest, investigated mine practice in its relation to the rulings of the administration, and also, in Seattle and Tacoma, busied himself in the adjustment of differences over retail practice. On Mr. Dean's resignation in June, Mr. Lackey assumed charge of the trans- portation department. Mr. Albert J. Krekeler, a Seattle accountant, was first employed by the King County fuel committee in the rather extended investigations on which Seattle retail prices were based. When the bulk of that committee's work was completed, Mr. Krekeler was retained by the administration in similar work all over the State. When the main part of that work was finished he took over the secretarial and publicity duties of Mr. Evison, at the same time continuing his price investigations until retail prices or margins had been set for practically the entire State. 381 382 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. The filing system of the fuel administration was installed by Miss Mabel Goode, of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce. Miss Zena Maxwell had charge of this system during all but about the first three months of the administration, as well as having general charge of office detail. STATE AND COUNTY ORGANIZATION. A State advisory committee of six men was organized almost immediately at the opening of the fuel administration's office in Seattle. This committee consisted of Mr. Herbert Witherspoon, of Spokane, who was also appointed assistant fuel administrator, with jurisdiction over eastern Washington; Mr. Lawrence Cohnan, of Seattle; Mr. H. A. Rhodes, of Tacoma; Mr. N. B. Coffman, of Chehalis; Mr. E. A. Purdy, of Bellingham; and Mr. John C. Hubbell, of EUensburg. On Mr. Witherspoon's resignation in July, Mr. W. S. McCrea, chairman of the Spokane County fuel committee, assumed his duties as assistant fuel administrator and advisory committee member, retaining also the chairmanship of the county. Mr. John C. Higgins, a Seattle attorney, was appointed chairman of the King County fuel committee, and his appointment was rapidly followed by similar ones in other counties, and by the organization, in practically all counties of the State, of county committees. SPECIAL COMMITTEES. In addition to the State and county organization, the Fuel Administration early established several com- mittees to help meet certain special problems which faced the administration. These were as follows: MINE PRICE BOARD. Judge M. F. Gose, Pomeroy, chairman. Raymond P. Frazier, Seattle. Raymond P. Tarr, Tacoma. POWER PLANT ECONOMY COMMITTEE. A. S. Downey, Seattle, chairman. W. N. MacBriar, Seattle. H. W. Beecher, Seattle. H. H. Botten, Seattle. D. G. Duggan, Everett. R. L. Watts, Tacoma. DOMESTIC FUEL ECONOMY COMMITTEE. Leonard BushneU, Seattle, chairman. Ralph Chatham, Seattle. Hugh F. Phelps, Seattle. F. S. Lang, Seattle. S. A. Hoag, Seattle. FUEL OIL COMMITTEE. Alexander BaUlie, Seattle, chairman. Chas. A. NewhaU, Seattle. G. E. Quinan, Seattle. E. C. Ward, Seattle. J. H. Bloedel, Seattle. COKE DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE . Clifford Wiley, Seattle, chairman. A. H. Garrison, Seattle. M. W. Taylor, Seattle. Chas. H. Hartge, Seattle. VOLUNTEER ASSISTANTS. The administration has availed itseK frequently of the assistance of men possessing expert knowledge of value to the performance of its duties. Worthy of mention among these are Mr. Colin V. Dyment, head of the department of journalism at the University of Washington; Prof. Joseph Daniels, of the College of Mines, University of Washington; Mr. F. K. Ovitz, superintendent of the United States Bureau of Mines Experiment Station in Seattle, and Mr. George W. Evans, mining engineer, also of the Experiment Station staff; Mr. D. C. Betting, secretary of the Washington Coal Operators Association, and district representative for the United States Fuel Administration; Mr. Clay Allen, of Seattle, former United States district attorney; Mr. James Bagley, of Seattle, State mine inspector; and Messrs. Stephen I. Miller and R. G. Tugwell, of the faculty of the School of Commerce, University of Washington. Mr. Dallas V. Halverstadt, who was appointed director of enforcement in the autumn of 1918, and Mr. Grover Desmond, both of Seattle, formed a voluntary legal staff, of whose services the administration made frequent use. FfiDEKAl, FUEL ADMINISTRA'tORS. 383 TRANSPORTATION. APPOINTMENT OF MR. CALDERHEAD. Mr. O. O. Calderhead's services, as head of a transportation department of the administration, were made desirable at the outset by the fact that early in the fall of 1917 the mines of Washington were facing dif£culties in securing sufficient cars to carry their product away from the mines. In consequence, many of the mines were producing far less than their normal amount; in some it was possible to operate oiily two or three days a week; and there was good ground for concern as to the possibility of supplying the State with sufficient fuel to prevent a serious famine in the event of cold weather. Mr. Calderhead very promptly went to the root of the matter and discovered that there were actually plenty of cars to take care of the product of all of the mines, if they were moved over the lines with reasonable rapidity and unloaded promptly. He first got in touch with the operating heads of the roads operating in the State and emphasized the necessitj' for speeding up the movement of aU coal carrying equipment, and at the same time he installed a report system on which each line reported daily the demands of each mine and the number of cars actually suppHed. At his suggestion, also, the fuel administrator promulgated an order that consignees should unload aU cars within 24 hours, and this order was given the widest publicity. HOW IT WORKED. The beneficial results of these activities became apparent almost immediately. Hitherto is was not at all unusual for a car to spend 8 or 10 days en route to the consignee, over distances that, in the majority of cases, did not exceed 100 miles, and that almost never exceeded 300 miles. This time was generally reduced to two or three days. In order to keep a close check on the manner in which the 24-hour unloading order was being observed, another report system was evolved, which proved most useful in many ways. On the production side the reports furnished a valuable check on the output of the mines, the quantity and kind, and the extent to which the mines were falling in with the fuel administration's request that cars be loaded to capacity. This information was aU obtainable from the white sheet, forwarded by the producer at the time of shipment. A carbon copy, on the yellow sheet, was at the same time forwarded to the consignee. He in turn filled out certain information. The information given by him enabled the administration to ascertain whether cars were being moved promptly to their destination, whether they were being spotted promptly, and whether the unloading was being performed within the specified time. It wUl be noted that an explanation was demanded in aU cases where the cars remained on the siding more than the allotted 24 hours. An effective follow-up system of return postal cards was used for consignees who failed to forward their report, or who, in cases where the car was held over the permissible time, failed to explain the matter. This car report system was in use from early in December, 1917, untU the closing of the fuel administra- tion office, and proved gratifyingly successful. Such prompt movement of cars was a pleasant surprise to consignees, as was the prompt manner in which they were unloaded a surprise to the railroads. One eastern Washington dealer, who failed to explain why the car was not unloaded within 24 hours, declared that he had made every attempt to comply with the fuel administration ruling, and had even worked aU day Sunday him- self in unloading. He voiced a mild protest, based on the fact that he was located on a branch railroad line on which freight moved only once a week, and that there was no possibility of the car being moved out until four days after it had been unloaded. RAILROAD COOPERATION. The railroad officials, handicapped somewhat by divided and uncertain authority due to the mass of priority orders issued during the first half of the war period and the confusion incident to the taking over of the rail- roads, nevertheless cooperated in every way to assist in making effective the fuel administration's work. The result has been that only on very rare occasions have the mines failed to receive their full car requirements, and the occasional failures were due, more than to any other thing, to the fact that this district had been drained of a considerable number of cars, which had been moved either to the East or to California, where the roads were very slow in starting them back to their own lines. Following Mr. Calderhead's withdrawal from the administration, the public service commission put at the disposal of the office the services of Mr. T. E. McEachern, one of the commission's inspection staff, and for some months he exercised general supervision over the transportation department, though the details of its work were largely performed by Mr. Dean, who eventually took over its entire direction. When Mr. Dean resigned in June, 1918, Mr. Lackey took over his duties as head of the transportation department. Mr. John F. Eeardon, also a public-service commission inspector, gave particular attention to the move- ment of coal-carrying equipment during the early months of the administration. 384 BEPOET OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. MINE PRICES AND COAL CLASSIFICATIONS. THE PEESIDENT'S MINE PEICES. In the order of the President, dated August 21, 1918, setting mine prices on coals produced throughout the country, the prices set for Washington coals were as foUows: Run of mine $3. 25 PrepS,red sizes 3. 50 Slack or screenings 3. 00 It became almost immediately apparent that these first prices were inequitable; first, in failing to recog- nize the wide variations in quality to be found in Washington coals; and second, in not making a sufficient allowance for the preparation of special sizes and mixtures of the higher grade coals produced in King and Pierce Counties. For that reason, the maximum allowed for the prepared sizes from the mines in these two counties was raised, on October 1, 1917, to $4.50. On November 16, 1917, all the then existing prices were further increased 45 cents a ton, in accordance with an order of the Fuel Administrator, to meet increased costs of production due to the general wage increases which became effective the same day. Thus, on November 16, 1917, the authorized maximum prices for Washington coals were as follows: District. Run Of •mine. Prepared sizes. Slack or screenings. T^inf^ nnf) Piprnp. flnnTitipt! $3.70 3.70 S4.95 3.95 $3.45 3.45 NEED OF RADICAL REVISION. Some weeks before the last increase became effective, it was strongly felt that before either producer or consumer could be assured a square deal, a very thorough revision of these prices and this classification would have to be made. A great objection to the existing regulations was the blanket classification of all prepared sizes under a single price. As the State fuel administrator stated the case at the time, "No consideration is given to whether the 'prepared sizes' be buckwheat or lump, whether it be washed or screened, or whether it be a mixture of various sizes. The result is that the consumer is not getting fuU value for his money, and the purpose of every act of this office is to see that fuel at a fair price does reach the consumer." As in ahnost every other coal-producing State, coal consisting of a large proportion of dirt and bone and slate was being put on the market, and it was felt that the preparation of the coal should be as exactly defined and regulated as possible, and the mines subjected to such supervision as would assure adherence to such regulation. The 45-cent increase which became effective on November 16 created further inequalities, so far as proper returns to the producer were concerned, since in some of the mines west of the Cascade Mountains the increased price scarcely more than half met the increased cost of production occasioned by the wage increase, whereas in the Kittitas County mines the increased cost amounted to only about 30 cents per ton. The mine operators of that field voluntarily agreed to accept only that amount of increase in their prices. Of no less importance that these considerations was the necessity that any scale of prices take into account, in a much more scientific manner, the wide variations in the quality of the coals produced in the State, and the equally wide differences in the ease or difficulty with which the various coals were mined. In this con- nection, a brief description of the mining situation in the State would not be out of place at this point. WASHINGTON COALS. The coals of Washington vary in quality from subbituminous coal, almost lignitic in nature, mined in Thurston and Lewis Counties, up through a higher grade subbituminous coming from the northwestern part of Eang County, to certain high-grade bituminous coals, the best of which come from the Eoslyn field, the Pierce County mines, a few mines in King County, and certain very small producers in Skagit and Whatcom Counties. Certain of these coals have excellent coking qualities, though the coke produced from them is of too high ash content for use on the finest forgings. Semibituminous, semianthracite, and anthracite are also to be found in small quantities near the Cascade Mountains. The proper method of preparation of the different coals, to insure their cleanliness, likewise varied con- siderably. In some of the mines, notably in the Roslyn field, screening alone was required; in others, especially in the King and Pierce County bituminous mines, careful washing was a necessity, since in some cases the mine cars brought to the surface practically as much unburnable material as coal. The nature and location of the coal seams themselves offer an interesting study of the vagaries of nature in the creation of a fuel supply. For instance, the seams in the southwestern part of the State lie either almost flat or at a slope which still permits of very easy mining, and the same is true of some portions of the Roslyn field. On the other hand, some of the seams, notably in King and Pierce Counties, have been subjected to upheaval FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 385 after upheaval, which has resulted in their attaining pitches which have in some cases become perpendicular, and occasionally have started them still farther toward a complete overturn. In addition, faults are frequent, and now and then producers, striking a fault, have completely lost a seam. All this has made the removal of the coal a much more difficult matter, and has necessitated the expenditure of a large sum of money in dead- work, a condition which has converted the operation of certain of the mines into an extremely speculative proposition. Some idea may be gathered, it is hoped, from this briei statement of the case, of the complications which the administration faced in attempting to effect a satisfactory revision in the classification and the prices in existence during the fall of 1917; a revision which would take proper account of all these complications, and yet not disturb existing practice unduly. Against the wishes of certain operators, who desired that the Federal fuel administrator be immediately requested to revise prices again, tne State administrator declared that, rather than add to the already existing imcertainty over coal prices, they should remain unchanged until the whole matter had been subjected to a thorough, impartial and scientific investigation. THE MINE PRICE BOARD. The first step in this program was the appointment of a body of three men, later recognized officially by the United States Fuel Administration as the State mine price board. As chairman, the administrator obtained the services of Judge Max F. Gose, of Pomeroy, formerly a member of the State supreme court, and associated with him were Mr. Ra3Tnond P. Frazier, then president of the Washington Mutual Savings Bank, of Seattle, and Mr. Raymond P. Tarr, of Tacoma, a mining geologist, thoroughly acquainted with coal mining conditions in the State. In an advisory capacity, the committee had the services of Prof. Daniels, Mr. Evans, and Mr. Bagley, whose connection with the fuel administration organization has been previously mentioned. The three represented what was felt to be the best expert knowledge available. The work of the board began with pubUc hearings, in the conduct of which Mr. Clay Allen, then United States district attorney, was of considerable assistance. At these hearings the public was invited to air its ideas about the proper prices of coal, an invitation which the public, except that small section of it wiiich is directly interested in mining, did not accept. The operators and certain representatives of the miners were present, however, and after they had overcome an initial suspicious attitude, were induced to talk freely. Without going- too deeply into the details which preceded the formulation of the recommendations which were finally forwarded to Washington early in January, it is sufficient to speak very briefly of the steps on which that recommendation was based. Each operator was required to submit in detail figures covering a considerable period, month by month, on his production and the cost thereof. While these figures were being prepared, the board and its advisers formulated a tentative classification to which, when the operators' figures were in, tentative prices were appended. The classification, or that portion of it which concerned him, was then submitted to each operator for his study, after which each was permitted to appear before the committee to present to it his views both as to the classi- fication and as to the prices which he considered just. Late in December the board submitted their recommendations to the State administrator. Although one or two changes were made by him before forwarding his recommendation to the National Administrator in order to enable one of the gas coal producers to operate without loss, his recommendation was almost identical with that of the board. During its consideration by the engineers' committee of the United States Fuel Admin- istration, a few additional changes were made in it, in the light of later figures than were available during the sessions of the mine price board. The classification, which provided six groups of prices instead of two, was accepted by the committee in its entirety, and was so promulgated in an order of the United States Fuel Admin- istrator, effective March 29, 1918. ANALYSIS OF THE ORDER. A noteworthy feature of the order was that it put into the hands of the State administrator entire control of coal preparation in the State. Specifications as to the proper preparation of each kind of coal named in the order had been formulated by the mine price board, and those were promulgated at the same time that the new prices were put into force. To summarize briefly the salient points of the new scale of prices: It brought back on the market the lump- nut and lump-egg mixtures of the high-grade bituminous coals, which had disappeared as soon as the first Government prices were fixed, being replaced at that time by mixed steam coal, which was simply a washed run-of-the-mine, with the minimum of preparation that would permit of its being marketed at a "prepared size" price. The prices set for these coals averaged higher than had previously been allowed for prepared sizes, but this increase was, offset by several factors, principally a decrease in the prices allowed for slack and 122602—20 ^25 386 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIYISIOH". the smaller sized coals, and the assurance that, under the regulations governing preparation, the consumer would be assured of coal at once cleaner and possessing higher fuel value. It should properly be stated that protests from the public were numerous. Charges that the fuel administrator had sold out to the operators were publicly voiced by a prominent official. He refused to listen to any statement from the administration's representative, and requested an investigation of the Washington prices by the Federal Trade Commission, a request which was never acceded to. The administration's specifications for the proper preparation of the various grades of coal were pub- lished with the new price list, and the practice of each mine was investigated by Mr. Lackey, who called the attention of the operators to those cases in which existing practice differed from that prescribed by the admin- istration. Much cleaner and better prepared coal has been put on the market during the past year as a result of the administration order, though the utmost care has not always been given to the matter. Several operators have declared that this has been due to the indifference and carelessness of the men employed in preparing the coal, and that it was impossible for them to enforce proper care upon these men. The prices and classification which became effective March 29, 1918, subjected to a flat 10 cent reduction in May, 1918, continued in effect until Federal control of prices was withdrawn on February 1,1919. In several instances variations from the order were permitted, but only after a thorough investigation of each case; and in no case were the mines permitted to receive a higher price than that authorized by the Federal Fuel Admin- istrator. WASHINGTON FUEL SUPPLY. THE FUEL WASHINGTON USES. It appears worth while, in connection with this report, to give here a brief statement concerning the sources of Washington's fuel supply, with some figures as to the tonnage each furnishes to the State. During 1917 and 1918 there were approximately 60 coal mines in active operation within the State, and these mines were called upon to furnish the bulk of the coal used in the State. In addition much wood fuel is produced and used in Washington in the shape of forest wood, mill wood, and "hogged fuel." No figiu-es on the annual consumption of any of these are obtainable, but the quantity is large. Thousands of cords of mill wood are used, and more thousands go into the mill incinerators. Certain counties of the State rely almost entirely on forest wood for a fuel supply. In some communities, notably the city of Tacoma, the use of ' 'hogged fuel," a sort of ground-up mill wood, has become widely used. In 1910 the coal produced from the mines of Washington amounted to 3,979,569 short tons, and this remained the record year until 1917, when a new record of 4,002,759 short tons was produced. In 1915, when fuel oil had displaced coal in many industries, production dropped to 2,409,331 tons. In 1918 a new record of 4,127,412 tons was reached. PEODUGTION, EXPORTS, AND IMPORTS. According to figures compiled by the fuel administration office from a variety of sources, Washington mines produced, during 1917, 4,002,759 tons of coal; the State imported from other States and from British Coliunbia 539,263 tons; and 380,600 tons of coal for commercial purposes and 300,000 tons for railroad use were shipped outside of the State, which left a production balance above the State's needs of approximately 141,347 tons. The export and import figures for the State, in detail, follow: IMPORTS. Tons. From British. Columbia 356, 078 From Utah 26,897 From Wyoming 95,000 From Montana 49^ 288 From Eastern States (smithing coal) ; 12, 000 Total imports 539, 263 EXPORTS. Commercial (by water): Domestic (Alaska, California, Hawaii) I43, 572 Foreign 60,812 Commercial (by rail): To Oregon I37, 848 To California 18, 260 To Montana 298 To Idaho 19,086 To British Columbia '. 729 Railroad coal, to various points, approximately 3OO 000 Total exports 680,600 FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTKATOES. 387 Similar figures are not available for 1918, but it is estimated that, even with the State's increased pro- duction, there was a greater increase in imports than in exports. Less Wyoming coal entered the State, but this decrease was probably balanced by increases in imports of Utah coal. The tonnage of British Columbia coal entering the State is thought to have increased. Increased demands for all kinds of fuel and cmrtailment of the use of fuel oil explain this increase in imports. About 32,000 tons were exported to Chile, also a new market for Washington coals. Fuel oil, approximately 7,000,000 barrels, was brought in from California during 1917. In 1918 this amount was considerably reduced, nmneroUs industries changing their plants over to use coal. MOVEMENT FOR EMBARGO. In the winter of 1917-18 the State administrator undertook to negotiate with the United States Fuel Administrator and the State administrators of the States of Montana, Wyoming, and Utah to secure an embargo on importation of coals from those States into Washington and western Oregon, leaving these markets to be taken care of by the Washington and British Columbia mines, so that the long westward coal haul might be eliminated, and that the coal which those three States would normally send west might instead be sent eastward to relieve the greater need for fuel there. The United States Administrator left the matter to the discretion of the State admiaistrators concerned, and Mr. W. W. Armstrong, administrator for Utah, requested the operators in his State to give first attention to local needs and those of the territory to the east. At the same time the Washington operators conducted a selling campaign in eastern Washington, with some initial success. The Rocky Mountain mines took care of all demands near by and to the east, and after a short period, during which very few cars of that coal came in, shipments to Washington again rose to normal. This con- dition was one which pleased many eastern Washington constuners, since they were accustomed to the larger- size coals, such as the Washington producers did not market separately at all. The Eocky Mountain producers and their jobbers had all along been very loath to hand over the market to the Washington mines, since they had built up diu-ing a considerable period of years an elaborate selling organization in eastern Washington. RETAIL COAL PRICES AND MARGINS. THE PIONEER INVESTIGATION. The task of setting retail coal prices in the State was begun by the King County fuel committee under Mr. John C. Higgins, chairman, and the first retail price schedule issued by the State fuel administration covered the city of Seattle, where approximately one-fifth of thp coal used in the State is consumed. Mr. Higgins's committee began to work during the first week of the State administration's existence. Theirs was pioneer work, and it demanded a long and careful study of the whole field of retail practice in Seattle. It involved reports from representative dealers on their expense of operation, with a careful examination of the books of many; an investigation of the zone system of delivery instituted by the dealers; a study of the bunker sales situation, and the railway facilities throughout the city; and numerous other matters which made a proper solution of the whole problem a very complex matter. A schedule naming prices on 21 varieties of coal for delivery in any of the 20 delivery zones was issued on November 19. These prices covered delivery of 1-ton lots, half-ton lots, and lots of 2 or more tons, shoveled oflF in the consumer's bin. Maximum charges for packing were also named. The order was accompanied by an official map of the delivery zones. On December 12 a new list was promulgated, containing prices for a considerably larger number of coals, readjusting a few of the previously named prices, and adding two new delivery zones. This schedule, except for a few small changes, remained in effect until April 5. On that date a new order was issued, naming the margins which might be charged on bunker sales of various kinds of coal, and on delivered sales, in each zone. This order took into account the new mine prices which became effective the week before, and also the change from a 10-hour to an 8-hour day for teamsters and truck drivers. This was followed a week later by a com- plete schedule of prices, similar to those previously issued, the prices being based on the margins named the previous week. Further orders were issued from time to time, chiefly to meet changes in British Columbia mine prices, and to cover new coals on the market. Four new zones were also added in July. ADDITIONAL ORDERS. Following the establishment of maximum prices for King County, attention was given to the naming of prices elsewhere in the State, and especially ta the more thickly populated communities where coal consump- tion bulked fairly large. To assist the county committees in their work, the services of Mr. A. J. Krekeler, who had been engaged in the work of the King County committee, were retained by the fuel administration, and his experience with that committee proved invaluable in connection with his subsequent work. Prices or margins were set during the winter of 1917-18 for Spokane, Tacoma, Olympia, Everett, Yakima, Yakima County, Kittitas Caunty, Grant County, and Douglas County, and during the early summer of 1918, all of the 388 BBPOET OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION". State, except certain rural counties in which wood was practically the only fuel used, was covered by specific price or margin orders. This spring and smnmer work was preceded, on April 1, 1918, by an order limiting the permissible maxi- mum margins for all communities not previously covered by the price orders. This special order forbade any increases in the margins which were being charged on March 29, without special permit from the State admin- istrator, and, fm-ther, any dealer who was taking a margin of more than SI. 45 per ton on sales direct from cars, or $2 a ton on sales from his bunkers, was compelled to reduce his margins to come within these figures. The order was issued purely to prevent any runaway prices until more specific orders should be issued. In July, 1918, Mr. Kjekeler summarized the results of the administration's work of investigating retailing costs and fixing of margins, in a way that stated the whole matter briefly and concisely. In order to make sure that the dealers were obeying the price and other regidations of the fuel adminis- trator, Mr. Keith Lackey was added to the staff of the administration. He was occupied principally in run- ning down complaints of alleged violations, and as a rule he succeeded in adjusting such matters as were put up to him. He worked principally in Seattle and Tacoma. In other communities such duties as his were generally undertaken by the county committees. THE ADMINISTRATION AND WOOD PRICES. THE FIRST WOOD PRICE ORDER. On November 27, 1917, the fuel administrator issued an order establishing wholesale and retail prices on mill wood for the city of BeUingham, in Whatcom County, in accordance with recommendations from the county conamittee, of which Mr. Charles I. Roth was chairman. This, it is believed, was the first instance in which an American governmental agency ever fixed prices for wood fuel. The order evoked considerable protest, both from the mills and the retaU dealers, and to meet this protest Mr. Krekeler was, shortly afterwards, sent to BeUingham to investigate the matter, and to give both the fuel com- mittee and the complainants a chance to be heard. In the light of the fuller knowledge of the situation which Mr. Krekeler obtained, the original order was somewhat broadened, but the prices recommended by the committee were upheld, for it appeared that they had performed a remarkably good piece of work in this new field. Later, prices or margins were set on wood fuel in Everett, Olympia, Douglas County, Grant County, Yakima County, and Garfield County; and the King County fuel committee studied the Seattle fuel situation exhaus- tively. This committee was at the point of recommending a price schedule for Seattle when, on March 6, 1918, in accordance with instructions from the United States Fuel Administration, the State administrator withdrew all control over wood prices. As a result, numerous protests were received from certain quarters in which it appeared that the administration's orders had effected a considerable saving to the consumer, and where the withdrawal of control was almost immediately followed by increases in price. In view of the admin- istration's doubtful authority no action was taken on these protests. In his report to the United States Fuel Administration, dated March 9, 1918, the State administrator gave a brief history of wood price setting in the State. retail dealers' certificates and reports. dealers' monthly report. On the 1st of August, 1918, the State administrator instituted a monthly report system for retail dealers. This system was designed to keep the administration regularly informed as to the quantity and kind of coal being sold all over the State, the amount of orders remaining unfilled by the mines, the amount of coal being used for different purposes, the volume of sales from one dealer to another, and, most important, how generally the retail price rulings of the administration were being obeyed. The chief stumbling block in the way of perfection in the use of this report lay in the fact that many of the dealers lacked the education necessary for them to fill it out accurately. Most of them, however, were able to do this satisfactorily, and that section of it which dealt with the prices charged, alone proved the value of the report. For it appeared that numerous dealers, especially those in districts in which maximum per- missible margins had been set in lieu of prices, were not figuring their retail prices correctly, and had, in a num- ber of cases, received prices in excess of those permitted by the administration. As has been stated elsewhere, refunds on such overcharges amoimted to more than $800. These overcharges, as may readily be seen, were due simply to the dealer's ignorance of the proper method of arriving at legal retail prices, and the report system not only made possible a recovery on the overcharges, but protected the consumer by preventing a recurrence of them. It should be stated here that, when the first report blanks were distributed among the dealers, they were required to report on all sales from April 1, 1918. The system was discontinued on February 1, but covered completely the ten months before that date. Miss Maxwell had entire charge of these reports. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOES. 389 KBGISTEATION OF DEALEES. In order to exert a more complete control over the retail trade, and in accordance with the authorization of the United States Fuel Administration, an order competing the registration and licensing of all retail dealers in the State was promulgated by the State administrator on August 15, 1918. The particularly valuable result of this order was the uncovering of a large number of that species of dealer ordinarily referred to as "snowbird," upon whom it had previously been very hard to keep any check. That a large amount of the domestic sales are made through such dealers becomes apparent when it is stated that no less than 150 of them were discovered to be acting as retailers in Seattle alone. Before the registration order was issued their number had been estimated at 50. To complete the object of the registration order, which was to bring to the fuel administration books the names of every dealer in the State, an order was issued by the State administrator on October 15 to the effect that no carload sales of coal were to be made by any dealer or producer to any except registered dealers, unless the prospective purchaser had received beforehand from the chairman of his county fuel conunittee or the State administrator a written authorization of such sale. This order imposed no hardship upon any person who might reasonably desire to purchase by the carload, or, as was the case in many rural localities, upon groups of persons who might desire to pool their coal purchases and buy direct from the mine, and at the same time it accomplished its purpose very effectively. WASHINGTON COKE AND BLACKSMITH COAL. COKE PEODUCEES OF WASHINGTON. During the past two years practically the entire coke production of the State came from the Wilkeson Coal & Coke Co., the Carbon Hill Coal Co., and the Fairfax Mine (Inc.), operating beehive ovens, and the Seattle Lighting Co., producing by-product coke. This is exclusive of gas coke, produced by every gas company in the State. The tonnage produced by the four amounts to practically 125,000 tons annually. Under the ruling of the United States Fuel Administrator, dated November 9, 1917, it was ordered that the price of aU beehive coke produced west of the Mississippi should be arrived at as follows: The maximum prices for various grades of beehive coke * * * shall bear the same ratio to the established price of the coal from which the coke is made as the average contract prices of the same grades of coke has to the average contract prices of coal during the years 1912 and 1913. The determination of the proper prices according to the above formula was a matter of considerable diffi- culty; $11.69 for 48-hour coke and $12.87 for 72-hour coke were finally decided to be the proper prices under the terms of that ruling. THE EEVISED EULING. The November 9 ruling, like the famous Publication No. 7 of the Fuel Administration, outlining a method of setting retail coke prices, was merely a rule-of-thumb method to be used untU figures were at hand on which to base a more scientific set of prices. These prices were promulgated on March 27, 1918, and became effective on March 29, 1918. During the late winter of 1917-18 shipments of eastern coke, normally needed for certain special purposes in shipyards and foundries in the State, were considerably curtailed and delayed, and a shortage of low-ash foundry coke appeared imminent. To meet this situation the Seattle Lighting Co. attempted to produce a satisfactory coke from eastern British Columbia coal. This attempt met with no success, however, since the resultant coke proved to be practically as high in ash as that produced from Washington coal. An unsuccessful attempt was also made to obtain a satisfactory variety from Utah. Eventually, sufficient eastern coke reached the West to avert the danger of a shortage, and with this and the Washington product the coke needs of the State's industries were satisfactorily met. BLACKSMITHING COAL. The subject of blacksmithing coal is rather closely aUied to that of coke, since the Wilkeson Coal & Coke Co., the most considerable producer of coke in the State, is also practically the only producer of blacjssmithing coal, and since it is necessary to supply a considerable portion of the State's blacksmithing coal needs from the East. According to an order of the United States Fuel Administrator, dated February 14, "all smithing coal must be sold at the going Government price for prepared sizes of bituminous coal applicable to the mine pro- ducing such coal." Wilkeson blacksmithing coal at that time was selling at $6.95 per ton, $2 per ton above the prepared-size price then in effect. It appeared immediately that, if the continued production of Washington smithing coal was to be assured, the Wilkeson Co. must receive a higher rate than $4.95 per ton for it. This was due to the fact that the smith- 390 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. ing coal required more washing than the mixed steam or straight steam, with consequent higher expense, and additional loss of weight through washing. In consequence, the Wilkeson Co. was authorized to continue to receive a price of $6.95 pending detailed investigation. This price continued in effect until the new mine prices became effective on March 29, 1918. The highest prepared-size price authorized then for Pierce County coals was $6 per ton, and the Wilkeson Co. was instructed immediately that the price charged for blacksmith coal should not in future exceed that amount. VIOLATION OF PRICE RULINGS. OVERCHARGE AT THE MINE. In November, 1917, Mr. Dalton came across three instances in which one of the Washington producers had sold coal at prices in excess of those which had been authorized by the Fuel Administration. The company was immediately asked to forward a detailed report of all instances in which they had violated price rulings, and a check to cover the total amount of overcharges. This almost immediately resulted in the receipt of a check for $942.12, with the required list of overcharges. This first letter of the State administrator was followed in a few days by similar letters to all of the pro- ducers in the State, giving them the prices which had been named, and requesting a list of violations, if any, and a check to cover. Overcharges were reported and checks were received totaling $7,063.83. While the producers who had so violated the rulings of the Administration were liable to prosecution under the Lever Act, investigation failed to show that there was any deliberate attempt to break the law. The State administrator, therefore, recommended that no charges be lodged against the violators, and the United States Fuel Administrator accepted the recommendation. jobbers' overcharges. Investigation of jobbing practice disclosed that in several instances Washington jobbers had received in excess of the 15 cents per ton commission allowed them by the Fuel Administration. Letters similar to those sent to the operators yielded 'refunds amounting to $2,461.33. distribution of refunds. The disposition of this sum was put up to the legal department of the Fuel Administration, which instructed that the money be distributed as far as possible to the ultimate consumer, and that, in cases where the consumers could not be traced, the refund should be distributed "among such charities in the various communities where the coal was consumed as determined on by the local fuel committees," with the approval of the State adminis- trator. ^ With these instructions in mind, lists of the overcharges, by counties, were forwarded to the fuel committees of the respective counties, with instructions that each case be investigated to ascertain the ultimate consumer. In the begianing it was decided that no attempt would be made to trace the consumer after coal was unloaded into the dealers' bins, since not only would this be difhcult, but the amount of overcharges involved in sales of one or two, or even more, tons to the domestic consumer would not be sufficient to justify the effort. ' The work of investigation and distribution extended over many months. Eventually consumers were reimbursed to the extent of $3,098.61. The American Red Cross, in the communities where the overcharges occurred, was benefited to the extent of $6,335.32; $91.12 was turned back to two operators who had produced evidence that the sales covered by that amount were made on bona fide contracts made before August 21, 1917. retailers' overcharges. On January 31, 1919, approximately $800 had been collected from retail dealers, the amount which they had collected in excess of the retail prices authorized by the administration. At the time of writing this report, final disposition of this fund, which is to be prorated to the American Red Cross chapters as in the case of the other overcharges, awaits the complete inspection of the prices charged up to February 1, 1919, when all price restrictions were removed. CONSERVATION. Washington's plenty. In neither winter of the fuel administration's existence did an actual or threatened shortage of coal compel any extensive campaign to conserve fuel. Both winters were unusually mild, even for this usually mUd climate. Indeed, the problem was rather to find a market for the coal that the mines of the State were capable of pro- ducing; and, for months at a time, anywhere from one to a dozen mines were operating part time because of their inability to dispose of their product. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 391 The desirability of war-time economy ia personal expenditure and in use of labor and equipment brought the matter of conservation plainly into the field of the administration's work. It was for this reason that before the State administration had been in existence a month the administrator appointed two committees, the power plant economy committee and the domestic fuel economy committee, 'to handle this matter. POWER PLANT ECONOMY COMMITTEE. The power plant economy committee, Archibald S. Downey, chairman, numbered in its membership several engineers, experts in power plant operation. The committee immediately undertook a survey of all the power plants in the State, the work of the survey dividing itself into two parts, that which concerned the wood-working plants, and that which concerned other power plants. Questionnaires, asking detailed information as to the nature of the installations and the kind and quantity of fuel used in each, were forwarded to every plant, and a comprehensive idea of the situation was gained through the replies to these questionnaires. A page of concise pointers, covering the commonest instances of fuel waste and pointing out the remedies for them, accompanied each questionnaire, and each power plant superintendent was invited to consult the committee with regard to any of his problems which involved the economical use of fuel. Throughout the life of the administration the services of these experts were thus available gratis, and their advice was of decided value in numerous cases. DOMESTIC FUEL ECONOMY COMMITTEE. The domestic fuel economy committee recognized at the outset the great need of education on the part of the domestic consumer in the operation of the household furnace. Shortly after its organization one of the members, Mr. F. S. Lang, a stove manufacturer, prepared a short list of directions for the proper operation of the furnace, which was given publicity throughout the State. Similar directions were compUed by the committee, published on cards under the title of "Money savers in furnace operation," and distributed where they would do the most good throughout the State, through the county committees and through a few of the dealers. Washington was one of the few States in which "Tag Your Shovel Day" was not generally observed on January 30, 1918. At that particular time, when the East was shivering in below-zero weather, and the fuel shortage had compelled the institution of "Heatless Mondays" and the closing of many offices and factories, the whole State was enjoying the mildest kind of a January. There was little snow, and none in western Washington, where many of the city lawns were green and roses were blooming in the open air. In the face of such conditions, and the fact that the mines were crying for a market, it seemed that a State wide shovel tagging would be a some- what ridiculous procedure. The shipment of tags was, therefore, divided between the Idaho and California administrators, whose own supply was not sufficient to meet their needs. THE EARLY-PURCHASE CAMPAIGN. BINS EMPTY ON APRIL 1. AprU 1, 1918, the begirniing of the new coal year, found the coal bins of Seattle just about emptied. For several weeks before that time purchases had fallen to the minimum, "hand-to-mouth" buying being the rule. The reason for this, aside from the approach of spring, lay in the public uncertainty as to prices. It had been published throughout the State that the State administrator had recommended to the United States Fuel Administrator a radical revision in the mine prices of Washington coals, and there was a general, and not unreasonable, unwiUiagness to buy until these prices should be made public. At the same time, though pro- duction during the first three months of the year was 75,000 tons greater than during the corresponding three months of 1917, numerous mines were working part time, and this fact was having a disastrous effect on the production organization, many of the miners seeking the equally high wages and steadier employment offered by the war industries of the Puget Sound cities. Indeed, during the spriag of 1918 there was a decrease of more than 16 per cent in the number of miners employed in the coal mines of the State, from this cause and the draft. On March 29 the new schedule of mine prices, based on the work of the mine-price board, became effective, and the State fuel administration immediately began to do its part in the national campaign for the early purchase of coal. Every regular agency of pubhcity in the State was called upon to help, and editorial and newspaper articles, and even occasionally cartoons, began appearing aU over the State, in small and large communities, and in papers and magazines of every poHtical complexion. The campaign continued throughout the spring and summer, with excellent results. The Municipal League of Seattle officially approved it, and the city administration of Seattle assisted m the distribution of literature in connection with it. RESULTS IN PRODUCTION. Figures on the monthly production of coal in the State shed interesting hght on the results of this cam- paign. In April the empty bias began to be fiUed again, with a resultant increase in production of nearly 35,000 tons over April, 1917. May hkewise showed an increase of 50,000 tons over May of the previous year. 392 EEPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. In June the market continued steady, though the increase over June, 1917, was only 8,000 tons. The fire which wiped out Cle Elum, in the Roslyn field, interrupted production and was responsible for a production loss of approximately 25,000 tons. In July the increase rose to 36,000 tons; m August it was 20,000 tons. September and October production was practically the same in both years, while in November there was a decrease of about 78,000 tons, and in December of about 31,000 tons. PKODtrCTION STEADIER. In this connection it is also worthy of note that production during 1918 was at a much steadier rate than during 1917. In 1917 the production during April, the lowest month, was 279,276 tons, and during November, the highest month, about 393,278 tons, a maximum variation of approximately 114,000 tons. In 1918, December, normally a month of high production, with 314,919 tons, was the lowest month, and August, with 382,291 tons, was the highest, making a maximum variation of only 67,000 tons. FUEL OIL. THE FUEL-OIL COMMITTEE AND ITS TASK. The Government's need for tank steamers on the Atlantic coast, and the serious inroads which were being made on the reserves of the California oil producers to meet war needs, made it probable that shipments of fuel oil into Washington would be considerably curtailed during 1918. A fuel-oil committee, under the chair- manship of Mr. Alexander Baillie, was appointed by the State administrator to handle all questions relating to fuel-oil supply; its principal work being to assure a fuel supply to essential war industries in the event of a curtailment in shipments into the State. One of the earhest acts of the committee was to scatter broadcast to users of fuel oU a warning to prepare for such curtailment by fitting their plants to use some other kind of fuel. Later the committee, with the con- sent and cooperation of the oil companies, passed on aU requests for the use of oil, and the companies delivered only to such persons or such industries as were approved by the committee. This work involved in each case a careful investigation not only of the purpose for which the oil was to be used, but of the possibility of replacing it with some other fuel. This system worked out to the satisfaction of all concerned, without any great hardship to any. With the appointment of Prof. D. M. Folsom as Federal oil director for the Pacific Coast, the powers which had until then been exercised by the fuel-oil committee passed into his hands. AU requests for fuel oil continued to be handled through the committee, however, which investigated each case and forwarded the requests to Prof. Folsom, with such information as might prove useful to him in handling them. WASHINGTON COAL IN CHILE. chile's need for coal. Difficulties in the way of getting to Chile its accustomed supply of British coal, and the fact that newly constructed shipping was being sent in water ballast to Chile to pick up nitrate cargoes, made it appear advis- able to remedy the deficiency in fuel and at the same time to give the new ships a cargo, by sending Washington coal to South America. After negotiations between the State administrator, the United States Fuel Adminis- trator, the, War Trade Board, the United States Shipping Board, and the operators, shipments started late in July and continued until the armistice was signed. During that period approximately 27,317 tons of steam coal were shipped, nearly all of this being consumed in the nitrate field. With the sighing of the armistice, and the consequent cessation of the demand for nitrates, the Chilean nitrate production dropped to almost nothing. The need for Washington coal, therefore, no longer existed. At the same time cargo space was no longer available, since the Shipping Board ceased routing its shipping to Chile. With the resumption of peace-time activity in the nitrate fields, the fuel needs there are once more being met by the British producers, whose product is greatly preferred to the Washington coal. The Washington operators sent, with the first shipment of coal, an expert in its use, whose particular work was to market the coal and show how to use it. This, it appears, was not an easy task, for.no coal could differ much more from that to which the Chileans had been accustomed than did that which they received from Washington. British coals reached them in huge lumps of splendid coal, which was simply fed to the fires by the lump. The Washington coal, which, at best, contains few large lumps, and is somewhat friable, was in a decidedly crumbled state, from half a dozen handlings, before it reached the point of use. introducing the scoop shovel. The Washington expert found the scoop shovel practically an unknown tool in the nitrate fields, and it was, of course, necessary to introduce it before the Washington coal could be used at all. The Chilean users did not like the amount of ash produced by the coal, either, this being considerably more than that of the British FEDEEAL EUEL ADMINISTBATOKS. 393 coal. An advantage found in the Washington coal for use on the railroads in the nitrate fields was that it sent out very few sparks. Sparks from the British coal are the cause of considerable loss, as they frequently ignite carloads of the nitrate, and wherever this occurs the carload is invariably a total loss. In addition to the steam coal, 4,481 tons of briquets were shipped to Chile, and a market found for them there. DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVE AND PRODUCTION MANAGER. MR. BOTTING's appointment. On April 18, 1918, Mr. D. C. Botting, secretary of the Washington Coal Operators Association, and former State mine inspector, was appointed district representative for the Pacific Northwest mines. On August 12, he was, in addition, appointed production manager for the same territory. The emergency distribution duties of the district representative did not at any time prove onerous, since there was, at practically all times, an abundant supply to meet all needs. Mr. Botting further facilitated his work by instructing mines to fill immediately aU orders for fuel coming from industries which declared them- selves to be engaged in Government work. In his capacity of distributor, however, he did on several occasions order emergency shipments of gas coal to plants whose supply was becoming dangerously low. Under his direction a survey of the smithing coal requirements of the district was made in June. Owing to the limited supply obtainable from Fernie, British Columbia, and Wilkeson, and the equal need of the latter coal for coking purposes, as well as to the fact that numerous smithing coal users declared the western coal unsatisfactory for their purposes, it was necessary to bring out a considerable tonnage of eastern coal. The district representative conducted a successful campaign among the smithing coal users, to induce them to order as far as possible in advance, in order to eliminate any chance of an interruption in their supply during the winter months, owing to transportation or other difficulties. Inspection of coal production and preparation likewise came within the scope of the district representative. Mr. Harry Boyle was appointed chief inspector and he kept in close touch with preparation practice throughout the State. Mr. Boyle's reports were thorough and painstaking, and received distinct commendation from the manager of the fuel administration inspection department. Mr. Botting had general control of the shipment of 32,000 tons of Washington coal to Chile. PRODUCTION manager's DUTIES. As production manager, Mr. Botting's work was chiefly to create production committees in most of the State's mines, to give every possible stimulus to increased production, and to represent the fuel administration before the draft boards in an attempt to secure exemption of men needed in the mines, where, during the summer and fall, the drain of previous drafts and volunteer enlistments, together with the movement to the steadier and more lucrative employment offered by the shipyards, had produced a considerable shortage of labor. In the late summer weeks production in every mine in the State was handicapped by an insufficient labor supply. Until September very few requests for exemption on industrial grounds were entered by either the produc- tion manager, the producers, or the men themselves. On September 18, the United States Fuel Administrator requested greater activity to conserve the mine labor supply, and after that date numerous exemption requests were entered, and' the production manager induced officers of the United Mine Workers and representatives of the producers to appear before the draft boards in the districts affected, to secure desired exemptions. Their efforts in this connection eventually proved unnecessary, when the signing of the armistice brought the draft to an end. The efforts of the production committees were directed pruicipally toward a reduction in idle time among the men, and an increased production per man. An appeal to the patriotism of the workers by both the pro- duction manager and the production committees was the principal method used to attain these ends. FUEL ADMINISTRATION PUBLICITY. HOW IT WAS HANDLED. From the tune the State fuel administration was organized, very liberal use was made of all the media of publicity offered in the State. The practice was adopted in the beginning of having all matter for publication written in the office; and in most cases such matter was approved by the administrator himself before it was given out. The preparation of aU material for publication was, until his resignation from the staff of the administra- tion, in the hands of Mr. .Pvison. As previously stated, Mr. Evison had been in the employ of the Seattle Post- Intelligencer as a reporter, and of the Associated Press, where he had charge of the Seattle night office. He possessed a newspaper acquaintance which facilitated the acceptance of material from the office of the adminis- tration. Normally such material was furnished to the local papers as quickly as possible after the event. A 394 BEPOBT OF ADMIWISTEATIVE DIVISION. feature, in this connection, which, had an excellent effect on the editors, was the fact that each paper in the same town was furnished with a differently written story. Feature stories, furnished by the administration, were frequently distributed to the Sunday papers through- out the State, and here, too, the same plan was followed of fiirnishing to each paper a story which was not duplicated in any other paper in the same city. AVENUES OF PUBLICITY. Other agencies of which the administration made use were the Associated Press, the University of Washing- ton News Letter, and the county committees, and mimeographed copy was occasionally mailed to every paper in the State. The county committees were relied upon to bring fuel administration news to the attention of their local papers, and many of the members of these committees proved very capable publicity men. Material for publicity was frequently contained in the publications issued for the benefit of the county organizations. For a long period these publications were issued on an average about once a week, and oftener when occasion demanded. The Business Chronicle, a weekly financial magazine edited by Edwin Selvin and pubUshed in Seattle, also proved a valuable medium of publicity. On numerous occasions, especially during the "Buy-your-coal-early" campaign, the coal producers and dealers alike furthered their own interests and assisted the fuel administration by the liberal use of advertising space in the newspapers of the State. Editorials, news articles, and cartoons were frequently contributed by the papers themselves, and the moving-picture houses used their screens to impress upon the public the advisa- bility of the early purchase of fuel. For a month and a half after Mr. Evison's resignation Mr. Dean handled the administration's publicity. On his departure it was handed over to Mr. Krekeler. The latter had entire charge of the publicity in connec- tion with the "Buy-your-coal-early" campaign, though the administration's "Buy-your-coal-early" circular was gotten out under Mr. Dalton's direction. During Mr. Dyment's connection with the State administration he rendered much valuable assistance in the handling of its publicity. MISCELLANEOUS. DISORIMINATION BETWEEN DEALEES. At various times during the period of the State administration complaints have been made that some of the producers were discriminating against certain retail dealers by refusing to ship coal to them while they were shipping regularly to others in the same locality. The State administrator did not feel that such matters were properly within the province of the administration, its work, as far as the retail dealers were Concerned, being simply to see that the fuel needs of each community were cared for at prices in accord with orders of the adnadnistration. Some of these cases were investigated, however, so that should a decision on any such matter ever become necessary the administration would possess information on which to act. It was found that, as a rule, the action of the operators was entirely justified, since instead of practicing discrimination they were merely protecting themselves against loss, the complainants being dealers whose debt-paying habits were not of the best. MARKETING OF FINE SIZE SUBBITUMINOUS COAL. During the summer of 1918 certain of the subbituminous mines of Ejng County experienced considerable difficulty in disposing of their product of pea, buckwheat, and sludge, while the demand for the larger sizes was greater than they were able to meet. To meet this condition, the producers of Issaquah were authorized to market a lump-nut-pea mixture consisting of their ordinary lump-nut and 20 per cent of pea. The new price, $4.52 per ton, was based on 80 per cent lump-nut at the May price of $4.90 a ton and 20 per cent pea at $3 per ton, the latter figure being 40 cents under the permissible maximum. With the increasing use of powdered fuel during the autumn and winter of 1918-19 it has become much easier to dispose of these fine sizes. At present, in fact, the powdered fuel installations are using all of the sludge and buckwheat available from the King County mines and much of the pea coal is being crushed for this same purpose. With the removal of the restrictions on the use of fuel oil, however, and a consequent increased supply available for fuel users in the Northwest, together with a possibility of the fuel-oil price going down, the continued extension of the use of powdered fuel is problematical. TENANT AND LANDLORD. War time industrial activity in Washington, and especially in western Washington, created a housing prob- lem which resulted in numerous changes in the rental methods which had pre-viiously existed. It had been customary for the landlord to demand a lease, but changed conditions brought about a reversal of this custom, and the bulk of the rentals during 1918 were made on a month to month basis. With the heavy demands for homes, sales were more easily made if the tenant could be made to vacate within 30 days. In addition, the land- lord could also increase his rentals whenever he pleased. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 395 This condition was in many cases having a deterrent effect on the administration's early purchase campaign. For tenants who faced the possibility of having to move at any time were little anxious to lay in a supply of coal which they might be compelled to move or to sell at a loss to the landlord or new tenant. Not only was the removal of the coal an expense to the tenant which he did not readily assume, but it necessitated the use of labor which was more needed elsewhere. Basing his authority on the necessity for conserving labor in war time, the State administrator promulgated a ruling which compelled the landlord or new tenant to repurchase, at the original price, aU supplies of coal on hand at the time when the old tenant was forced to move. This remedy proved entirely adequate, and in very few cases was any difficulty encountered in enforcing it. In one case, that of a certain person who caused fuel to be handled unnecessarily, the chairman of the King County fuel committee issued an order, approved by the State administrator, prohibiting any coal dealer in the city from deUvering fuel to this person untO April 1, 1919. This order was given due publicity, and thus made easier the subsequent enforcement of the "Landlord and tenant" order. CAR-WEIGHT SHORTAGES. In the early period of retail price making in Washington considerable difficulty was encountered in making satisfactory allowance for differences between the billed weight of carload shipments of coal and the weight of the coal actually received by the consignee. There are two principal reasons for this shortage — theft and the disappearance of moisture. Instances have been brought to light where several tons of coal have disappeared from a single car which has lain over at one or two sidings on its way from the mine to the consignee. In several mines in Washington, too, it is neces- sary to load the coal into the cars in very wet condition, and much of this moisture evaporates or drips away before the car reaches its destination. Owing to the limited number of places at which cars may be weighed, no proper remedy has been found to correct this situation. Exaggerated estimates of the losses due to this shrinkage were given the administration by numerous dealers. Investigation, covering a very considerable tonnage, showed, however, that the loss is a fairly constant one, and is approximately 2 per cent. This figure was adopted in fixing the allowance for shrinkage in the retail price margins of the State. ABANDONMENT OF THE GALE CREEK MINE. In October the Gale Creek Coal Mines Co. started to abandon the Gale Creek mine, a small producer located at Wnkeson, Wash. Gale Creek coal had filled a fairly important place in supplying the gas-coal needs of Tacoma, Aberdeen, and Centralia, and it was very seldom that any of it was shipped anywhere else. Its aban- donment made it necessary for the gas companies in those cities to seek a new source of supply for their gas coal, which was found in the Carbonado and South Prairie. Of these, the Carbonado mine is the principal source. This mine makes two preparations for gas purposes, namely, mixed steam, which it sells to the small plants at $5.15 per ton, and straight steam, which it sells to the Seattle Lighting Co. for $4.70 per ton. GARFIELD COUNTY WOOD-CHOPPING BEE. A not very important, but rather interesting instance, of the energy displayed by the county fuel commit- tees is found in a wood-chopping bee engineered in the fall of 1917 by the Garfield County fuel committee. Garfield County is located near the southeastern corner of the State, and its only railroad is a branch of the Oregon-Washington EaUroad & Navigation Co., which enters it at the northern end and terminates at Pomeroy, the coimty seat and largest town. In the autumn of 1917 there were fears that the county, and especially Pomeroy, might be unable to obtain enough fuel for the winter if it relied on the railroad to bring it coal. To meet the situation the county fuel committee decided that a good supply of wood in town might be a splendid remedy. Twenty-five mUes south of Pomeroy lies the Wenaha National Forest, and it was from there the wood had to come. The committee, therefore, enlisted men and teams, trucks and trailers, saws and axes, and proceeded south to the Wenaha Forest, where for two days the volunteers proceeded to accumulate a supply of cordwood, which straightway moved north. In Pomeroy it was piled to season and to form a fuel reserte for the entire city. A sort of new-fashioned town meeting stated the purpose of the pUe, intrusted its disposal to the county committee, and voted aU profits of the enterprise to the American Eed Cross. The threatened fuel shortage failed to appear, but the committee had no difficulty in disposing of the wood at a fair price, which at the same time netted the Red Cross a tidy sum. Eespectfully submitted. WiNLOcK W. Miller, Federal Fuel Administrator for Washington, Seattle, Wash., March 1, 1919. 396 REPOKT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. WASHINGTON. Name. Title. Official station. Home address. Volun- teer or salary. Served. lYom- To- WhitcomlD, David- . Miller, WinlockW. State fuel administrator.. ....do 4184 Arcade Building, Seattle . ....do STATE ADVISOKY BOAED. MoCrea, W. S Coflman, N. B Hubbell, T. C Colman, Laurence J. Rhodes, H. A Purdy, E. A Daniels, Joseph Evans, Geo. W Advisor to mine price board . do STATE OFFICE PEESONNEL. Dyment, Colin V ■Witherspoon, Herbert. McCrea, W. S. (successor) Dean, Ralph C Krekeler, A. J Halverstadt, Dallas V., King, William C Desmond, Grover Bushnell, Lulu Gather, Eleanor E vison, Herbert Dalton, Geo. T Dailey, Ruth Dickson, Virei! Goode, Mabel Gourlay, Beatrice... Harlow, May M Lackey, Keith MoKinley, Grace A. Maxwell, Zena S — Mtnray, Christine Powell, Cornelia Slater, Mrs. Laura — Spielbauer, Christine. Whitney, Kathryn Assistant to administrator Assistant fuel administrator do Executive secretary Executive secretary and accoun- tant. Director of enforcement Director hotel conservation Legal advisor Stenographer Transportation clerk Secretary Special agent, bureau of investi- gation. Filing clerk Clerk Transportation clerk do do Inspector Transportation clerk Stenographer (appointed as sec- retary, Feb. 15, 1919). Stenographer Clerk do Stenographer do FUEL OIL COMMITTEE. BailUe, Alexander, chair- man, Newhall, Chas. A Quinan, G. E . Ward, E, C... BIoedel.J.H. DOMESTIC FUEL ECONOMY COMMITTEE. Bushnell, I,eonard, chair- man. Chatham, Ralph Phelps, HughF Lang, F. S Hoag, S. A MINE PKICE BOAED. Gose, Max F., chairman. , Frazier, R, P. Tarr, Raymond P COKE COMMITTEE. Wiley, Clifford, chairman Garrison, A, H Taylor, M. W Hartge, Charles H POWER PLANT ECONOMY COMMITTEE. Downey, A. S., chairman. MaoBriar, W. N Beecher, H. W Botton, H. H Duggan, D. Q Watts, R.L Spokane Chehalis Ellensburg. . . Seattle Tacoma Bellingham. Seattle , do , Seattle . ....do. ....do. ....do. ....do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. -do. -do. .do. -do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do- .do. .do. .do. Seattle . do.. -do. .do. .do. Seattle . .do. .do- -do. -do. Pomeroy. Seattle Tacoma... Seattle . do. do. do. Seattle... do.. do.. do-. Everett . Tacoma.. Seattle fl320 University Street, Seattle \307 Lowman Building, Seattle University of Washington, Seattle United States Bureau of Mines, Seattle. Seattle... Spokane . do - . . Seattle... ....do... -do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. 5046 Tenth Avenue NE., Seattle. Seattle do 5000 Woodlawn Avenue, Seattle.. Seattle 903 Summit Avenue, Seattle Seattle 1417i Northlake Avenue, Seattle . Seattle do do do 816 Union Street, Seattle 907 Fourteenth Avenue, North Seattle. 6303 Twenty-flrst Avenue NE., Seattle. 203 West Comstock Street, Seattle. 620 Boylston Avenue, South Seattle. Seattle Seattle . .do- -do. -do. .do. Pomeroy, Seattle.... Tacoma... Seattle - ....do. ....do. ....do. Seattle... do.. do.. do.. Everett . Tacoma., V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V S V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Sept. 29,1917 June 18,1918 Sept. 29,1917 do ....do ....do ....do , .-.-do , ....do ...-do Dec. 17,1917 Deo. 20,1917 Oct. Oct. Dec. Sept. Oct. Oct. Jan. Oct. July Oct. Jan. Oct. July Nov. Dec. Nov. Nov. Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Nov. 22, 1917 23, 1917 17,1917 23,1918 1,1917 26. 1917 16. 1918 15,1917 16,1918 1,1918 15, 1918 23. 1917 29. 1918 14, 1917 11,1917 26,1917 1,1918 6,1917 14,1917 1,1917 6,1917 1, 1918 Oct. 1,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do Oct. 1, 1917 do. do. do. do. Oct. 30,1917 Nov. 12,1917 ....do Dec. 17,1917 Jan. 25,1918 do Dec. 20,1917 Oct, 1, 1917 ....do , ....do ....do ....do ....do June 18,1918 Apr, 5, 1919 Mar. 31,191 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mar. 31,1919 Do. June 19,1918 Feb. 16,1919 Mar. 31,1919 Feb. 1, 1919 Feb. 28,1919 Nov. 17,1917 Sept. 30,1918 May 1,1918 Feb, 15,1919 Nov, Mar, Nov, Feb. Dec. Feb, 1,1918 9, 1918 1,1917 15, 1919 4, 1917 15, 1919 Jan. 15,1918 Apr. 8, 1919 Feb. 28,1918 Dec. 31,1918 Deo. 30,1917 Feb. 28,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Mar. 31,1919 Do. Do. Do, Do. Mar. 31,1919 Do, Do. Do. Do. Mar. 31,1919 Do. Do, Mar. 31,1919 Do. Do. Feb. 1,1919 Mar. 31,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL, ADMINISTEATOKS. WASHINGTON— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES. 397 Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From — To— Name. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Served. From- To— COXTNTT rOEL COMMITTEES. Adams: MiUer, W. O., chair- man. McMannamon, J. E Hurst, Frank Crossland, L. C McNeil, J. D Asotin: Foster, Robt. A., chair- man. Benton: Brown, Andrew, chair- man. Chelan: White, Chas. T., chair- man. Mayer, Deed Murphy, E. P Goodsell, C. E Corselius, J. D CteUam: Babcock, C. L., chair- man. Clarke: Henrichson, T. L;, chair- man. O'Keane, Jas. J Brown, E.L Columbia: Hadley, H. H., chair- man. Wallace, J. L Spallnger, Hon. Geo Mason,Harry E Barr.H.E Cowlitz: Harris, John L., chair- man. Enight, E. A., chairman. Boland, G. L Dunham, H. C Cochrane, Geo. E Douglas: Beggs, S. S., chairman. . Moore, H. A Burke, Bernard Knemeyer, L. C Hawes, Wm. J Ferry: O'CoimeU, W. T., chair- man. Franldm: Eyzek, Gerard, chair- man. Cooper, Thomas Helmick, J. B Garfield: Powell, E. C, chairman. Nicholson, O. D Kuykendall, H. K Grant: McMillen, H. D., chair- man. Hm,J.H Gray* Harbor: Jacob, Joseph, chairman. Morris, W. L Island: Wood, E. W., chairman. Jefferson: Hastings, W. F., chair- man. Hlggins, John C, chair- man. Bacon, Cecil H Lewis^m. H Eoss.H.C Hall, John L Kitsap: Kimball, C. P., chair- man. Kittitas: Wilson.E.B., chairman. . Craig, Frank E Hovey , Chester Averill, Harry B EitzvUle. OtheUo Washtucna.. Batton Lind Clarkston. Wenatchee.. Leavenworth... Entiat Chelan Cashmere Port Angeles.. Vancouver. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Kelso. ....do Castlerock TTftlftTTIft Woodland Waterville. Douglas Mansfield-. Waterville. Withrow... Republic. Pasco. do... Coimell. Pomeroy.. do..... do..... Ephrata.. Hartltne. Aberdeen. ....do Coupeville PortTownsend. Seattle.. .do .do .do .do Bremerton., Ellensburg.. do do CleElum... V V V V Dayton V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 13,1917 Nov. 16,1917 Dec. 7,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 16,1917 ....do ....do Nov. 26,1917 Dec. 4,1917 Nov. 22,1917 Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 20,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 20, 1917 do Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 20,1917 Nov. 16,1917 Jan. 31,1918 Nov. 16,1917 Feb. 1,1918 Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 20,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Dec. 5,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Feb. 5,1918 Nov. 23,1917 do Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 18,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Feb. 5,1918 Dec. 4,1917 May 11,1918 Nov. 17,1917 Feb. 8,1918 Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 16,1917 Feb. 2, 1918 Jan. 29,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Deo. 18,1917 Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 20,1917 Nov. 16,1917 do Feb. 28,1919 Mar. 31,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 31,1918 Mar. 31,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. CODNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Klickitat: Ahola, A. Jy chairman. . Baker, G. H Sunderland, B. D Lewis: Studebaker,C. A., chair- man. Ward, Johns Lincoln: Owen, J. W., chairman. . Davidson, John K Goldendale.. ....do ....do Chehalls... Centralia. . Applegate, A. M Guth,Frank J Kunz, Eugene Lyse, J. R MiUer, Geo. W Mason: Smith, W.H., chairman. Okanogan: Wenner, F. C, chair- man. Blackwell, C. E Johnson, Chas. A Pacific; Everett, Glen H., chair- man. Howarton , John W Pend Oreille: Sutherland, Dr. G. W., chairman. Pierce: Brewer. F. C^ chairman . Stiles, Hon. T. L Shaw, Henry Pleasants, Jas. A Newbegin, Geo. D Skagit: Coleman, Wilbra, chair- man. Green, Geo. D Sackett, Howard J Skamania: Ash, B. P., chainnan. . . Snohomish: Pearse, V. I., chairman. . Bailey, Arthur _ . . Mitchell, Geo King.C.L Dix,L. G Herron, J. W Spokane: McCrea, W. S., chair- man. Funk, Leonard Kizer, Ben H Stevens: Williams, H. E., chair- man. Downs, A. V Wetterer, A. C Doran, S. F Boelter, W. F Cartwright, Dr. W. A,.. Thurston: Mills, Geo. G., chair- man. Cagwin, E. A., chairman. McKlnney, F. P Winstanley, G. C Walla Walla: Davis, N. A., chairman. King, A. A., chairman. . Whatcom: Both, Charles I., chair- man. McDonald, Jas. D Barrett, Samuel E Whitman: Fudge, W. C, chairman. Forrest, F. C.,chairman. McKeehan, O. D Camp,L M Yakima: Larson, A.E., chairman. Page,E. G Wiggans, F. A Wilbur Eeardan Harrington.. Odessa Almlra Davenport.. Sprague Shelton. Okanogan.. do do South Bend. . Hwaco Newport Tacoma... do.... do.... do.... do..... Mount Vernon. Sedro Woolley. Anacortes Stevenson.. Everett Monroe Stanwood. . . Snohomish.. Arhngton. .. Snohomish.. Spokane .do., .do.. ColviUe Northport.. Marcus Chewelah.. Springdale. Valley Olympla., ....do..... ....do.... ....do..... WaUa Walla. do BeUingham.. do do Colfax PuUman. . Tekoa La Crosse. Yakima Sunnyside. Toppenish. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 19,1917 Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 20,1917 Feb. 19,1918 Nov. 24,1917 Deo. 24,1917 Deo. 21,1917 Deo. 22,1917 do do Feb. 1, 1918 Deo. 26,1917 Deo. 8,1917 Nov. 17,1917 Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 17,1917 ....do Nov. 15, ....do. Nov. 19, ....do. Nov. 26 Nov. 16, Nov. 17 Nov. 19; Dec. 8, Nov. 16, Nov. 19: ....do.. Nov. 21 Dec. 8 Nov. 16: Nov. 17, Nov. 16, Nov. 19: Nov. 16 Nov. 21, Nov. 17' ....do.. Nov. 20, Dec. i. Nov. 16, Apr. 18 Feb. 19 ....do.. Sept. 2, Nov. 17, do Nov. 15, Nov. 16 Sept. 2] Nov. 19, Nov. 30' Nov. 16,1917 Nov. 21,1917 do 1917 im 1917' 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 im 1917 1917 1918 1918 1918 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 Mar. 31,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feb. 28,1919 WEST VIRGINIA. ORGANIZATION. The work of the Federal fuel administration in this State was organized by the appointnient of an advisory board consisting of three members, as follows: Mr. Harry A. Snyder, of Shepberdstown, an editor; Mr. T. L. Lewis, of Charleston, secretary of the Kanawha Coal Operators' Association; and Mr. W. G. Holden, of Parkers- burg, a lumber and timber dealer. A local committee was organized in each of the 55 counties of the State, and these counties were grouped together into eight districts about the leading cities of tbe State, these districts being arranged so as to include in each the territory whose fuel problems and supply were approximately the same. Mr. H. H. Rose was appointed executive secretary, and Mr. E. E. Meredith publicity agent, each of these gentlemen being paid for only a part of his time for this work. In addition thereto such clerical help as was necessary was employed. Mr. R. E. Rightmire was appointed administrative engineer and Mr. W. D. Barrington his assistant, the work in this line of activity beginning about the 1st of September, 1918. SUPPLYING COAL LOCALLY. Although West Virginia is a coal-producing State, with a number of coal-producing sections, yet there are some parts of the State which have no local supply. This can be said of all the eastern tier of counties, beginning with Monroe and Greenbrier in the southeast, and extending to Berkeley and Jefferson in the north- east. During the, winter of 1917-18 many calls were made for occasional cars of coal throughout the entire State, but this eastern tier of counties throughout the winter and until the close of the war relied almost exclu- sively upon the State fuel administrator for their coal, and since their supply had to come from west of the mountains, a very difficult problem was presented during the extremely cold weather and bad transportation period last winter. The public utilities of the larger towns, even in coal-producing sections, required the constant support and asssistance of the State fuel administrator during the past winter. Before the appointment of district representatives the State fuel administrator was able to effect a vol- untary arrangement with the leading coal operators' associations of the State by which these organizations undertook to supply all coal which might be asked for to meet emergencies arising in the districts ordinarily supplied by such associations. Special credit and mention are deserved by Mr. J. C. McKinley, of Wheeling, president of the Pan-Handle Coal Operators' Association; Mr. C. H. Jenkins, of Fairmont, president of the Northern West Virginia Coal Operators' Association; and Mr. T. L. Lewis, member of the advisory board and secretary of the Kanawha Coal Association. Each of these gentlemen voluntarily assumed the burden of taking care of the many calls that were made on the State fuel administrator for assistance in his district, and they were uniformly able to supply the coal asked for. Other associations offered the same assistance but were less frequently called upon. With the appointment of district representatives, this office was compelled to make its most frequent calls upon Mr. J. C. Brydon, of Cumberland, who has, almost lone-handed, taken care of the eastern Pan- Handle of the State, and Mr. A. H. Land, of Himtington, and Mr. Zimmerman, of Charleston, who supplied what was required in the southern part of the State. RETAIL PRICES. During the season 1917-18 it was considered that the general provision of the United States Fuel Admin- istration fixing the gross margin permissible for retailers was sufficient protection for the consumers in this State; but toward the close of last winter and early this spring the State fuel administrator required the local committees of the principal coal-consuming counties of the State to recommend a maximum gross margin for the various communities of their respective coxmties. These margins have varied from $1 .75 to $2.25 in different communities, and in no case has there been any serious complaint on the part of the consumers of the margin so fixed, or complaint that retailers are not complying therewith. 398 FEDBEAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 399 FIELD WORK. The State fuel administrator has from the beginning of his incumbency made frequent trips over the State for the purpose of holding meetings with the various local committees and coal dealers and explaining to them the regulations of the fuel administration, as well as of gaining first-hand information of the exact situation throughout the State. At least one of these meetings has been held in every conmmunity of the State in which coal is used, for domestic purposes to any large extent, and repeated meetings and trips have followed where unusual difficulties have arisen. CONSERVATION. The first great effort along the lines of conservation was in the promotion of " Tag-the -shovel day." This day was enthusiastically observed in every town in the State and was a most successful means of directing the attention of the public to the work of the fuel administration and to the necessity for economy in the use of coal. During the "fueUess" days last winter a very strenuous time was experienced by this office. Peculiar questions and difficulties arose by reason of the fact that a very large part of the State gets its fuel locally, and, so far as the local communities could see, they were not confronted with any shortage. This made it difficult to cause such commimities to appreciate the necessity for observing strictly these closing orders. Nevertheless, so far as it was possible to ascertain, the regulations were strictly observed throughout the State. The "Lightless-night orders" have been rigidly insisted upon, notwithstanding the fact that there are no large cities in West Virginia and that the- saving of fuel by these regulations was scarcely appreciable. The same can be said of the "Skip-stop regulations" for electric railways. These latter two movements have been observed throughout the State, although the chief benefit observable is the moral effect of their graphically calling attention to the war conditions throughout the country. Special mention, perhaps, should be made of the various campaigns made in this State by the uniformed veterans for the purpose of stimulating the production of coal during last summer. I personally accompanied a number of these speakers on their tours, and I was able to see the warm receptions which were uniformly given them. Both the miners' unions and the operators' associations were very anxious to avail themselves of the services of these men, and reports made to this office following each campaign indicated that in every ' case a series of speeches by these men was followed by increased regularity on the part of the miners and by a greater output of coal. So effective and satisfactory was their work that it was not possible to supply any- thing like the number of speakers requested or to give the various coal districts the return dates which they flSKftQ. I or ADMINISTRATIVE ENGINEER. With the appointment of Mr. Rightmire as administrative engineer for this State the conservation depart- ment of the State organization became one of prime importance. Mr. Rightmire and his assistant, Mr. Bar- rington, are expert coal men. The work of the administrative engineer was taken up systematically. The prescribed questionnaires were sent to a most comprehensive mailing list. The returns from these question- naires were duly inspected and graded and a broad foundation laid for covering completely all the coal-consum- ing plants of this State for the season. In addition to this, the administrative engineer, accompanied by the State fuel administrator, has visited personally the principal industrial concerns of the State, thus getting first- hand information on the problems which were to be dealt with. Mr. Rightmire also has handled a voluminous correspondence with the coal-consuming industrial plants of the State, giving personal attention to aU inquiries and making practical suggestions to all concerns that could be reached for the improvement of their power plants, with a view of lessening their consumption of coal. The work of this department was only fairly organized when the war terminated and it became apparent that the large program in contemplation would be unnecessary. It is believed, however, that the work already done will be a practical help to a very large number of coal consumers in the State, who will be glad to foUow the suggestions made by the administrative engineer, even where these are not sought to be enforced by the fuel administration. The administrative engineer has collected, compUed, and is preserving considerable data touching on the consimiption of electrical power and natural gas and coal in this State, which will doubtless be of a practical value to the Government from a statistical standpoint hereafter. PUBLICITY. Mr. Meredith, publicity agent for the fuel administration of this State, is an experienced newspaper man, and at the time of his appointment to this position he was conducting a press bureau at Fairmont. The activi- ties of the fuel administration in this State have been presented most fully and attractively throughout the State. Almost daily bulletins have been sent out to the chief daily papers, which have been very liberal indeed in the space given to this work. Weekly bulletins to the weekly papers of the State have been furnished also. 400 EBPOET OF ADMIinSTEATIVE DIVISION. EXPENSES. The expenses of the fuel administration in this State have been kept at a minimum. None of the local committees has incurred any r unnin g expenses, except an occasional item for stationery or extraordinary work. The State fuel administrator's office was operated without rent expenses until the appointment of the admin- istrative engineer, prior to which time office rooms were free in the municipal building of the city of Fairmont. On the whole, it is felt that the situation in this State has not been allowed to become critical. This State is the second in the production of coal and first in the production of natural gas, and in addition thereto large parts of the rural sections have used an abundant supply of wood. Nevertheless there are large sections of the State which have required constant assistance from the fuel administrator. The local committees and other volimteers have done prompt and energetic work. The public, including consumers and producers, has gladly responded to all requests of the State fuel administrator and observed strictly the regulations sought to be enforced. I believe that the fuel administration will close out its work in this State with the utmost good will of our people and with a creditable record. Very truly, yours, J. Walter Baenes, Federal Fuel Administrator for West Virginia. Fairmont, W. Va., December 31, 1918. CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE ENGINEER, The office of administrative engineer for West Virginia was created and activities were started about the 1st of September, 1918, and official activities ceased December 31, 1918. The work was planned at the start with the idea of securing broadest results in minimum time, and in line with this policy distribution of literature and questionnaires to plant owners and operators was given first attention. A partial list of power plants in the State was supplied by the bureau of statistics, for the start of the cam- paign. It soon appeared advisable for this department to prepare its own list and this was accomplished in due course, but with some slowing up of the conservation campaign for the time beiag. On the completion of the power plant list, distribution of literature and questionnaires to cover all plants was given primary attention for completion. To plants failing to make reply in 10 or 15 days, a " delinquent" or "puncher" card was sent, which almost in- variably brought the desired results. ORGANIZATION AND FIELD WORK. Assisting in the work accomplished were : 1. Mr. W. D. Barrington, assistant administrative engineer. 2. Associations offering voluntary services. 3. Local inspectors, appointed by administrative engineer — services rendered without compensation. 4. Office clerical help. 5. Power plant owners and operators who, practically without exception, gave their hearty co- operation. The aid of their organizations in carrying on the conservation work was offered by: 1. Boiler insurance companies doing business in the State; all arranged for their inspectors to aid in handling the questionnaire work at the plants. 2. National Association Steam Engineers. 3. Stationary Firemen's Association. 4. National Laundrymen's Association. 5. National Association Stoker Manufacturers. The boiler insurance companies were in position to render the most effective service in the earlier stag^of the work, and their inspectors rendered valuable and timely assistance. It was planned to ut iliz e the aid of the other organizations as the development of the conservation work would make it of value. The appointment of and service performed by local mspectors for various sections of the State could not be carried out as fully as planned since time did not permit. Plans had been developed for handling the work by dividing the State into eight districts, identical with those of the State fuel administrator. Each district was to be in charge of a district engineer who was to keep in touch with the local situation and handle matters for the administrative engineer, the organization for doing this to be created in such a way as to meet most effectively the needs of the individual district. This arrange- FBDBEAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 401 ment of the work could not be carried out on account of curtailment of the department activities, so that the field work was taken care of by boiler insurance inspectors, local inspectors, and the administrative engineer who made visits to the different industrial centers of the State. QUESTIONNAIRES. Questionnaires with explanatory literature were sent to the plant owners or operators in triplicate, one copy to be filled out at once and returned to the office of the administrative engineer, one to be held for the inspector to check and sign on his regular visit — he to mail this copy to the office of the administrative engineer — and the third copy to be retained by the plant owner or operator for his files. The questionnabes received were graded, and the plant was advised as to its percentage rating on the individual items, so that the weak features of operating conditions would readily be apparent. In lieu of the field organization necessary to take up in person the features to be corrected, the adminis- trative engineer took them up by letter, pointing out the weak features indicated by the questionnaires and what should be done to correct them and conserve fuel. In addition to covering the coramercial power plants, questionnaires were also sent to coal mine power plants, of which there is a very considerable number in the State. Many of the mining operations have dis- continued the use of their steam power plants in the past year and are using purchased electric current. Others had such a change in contemplation and would make it effective as soon as the necessary equipment could' be secured and its installation completed. Our list of plants and power users as originally made up totaled approximately 1,000 names, but it early developed that there were quite a number of these concerns which did not properly come within the scope of our work in a strict sense and the process of elimination was appfied, the final fist containing approximately 300 concerns, many of which have more than 1 plant, several having from 5 to 10. This final list contains both plants using coal and natural gas as boiler fuel, and some plants which use both kinds of fuel, the amount of coal consumed depending on the supply of natm-al gas. It developed that many industrial concerns to which the questionnaire did not apply were consumers of natural gas and purchased electric current, and in all such cases data as to the consumption of each were requested. Such information is available in the original form in our file records, as time was not available for its tabulation for ready reference. COAL SAVING. In view of the short life of the ofloice of the administrative engineer, the activities of which were materially delayed by the "Flu" epidemic, accurate data as to coal saving are not available, and estimated figures for this feature can be only rough approximations at best. From information at hand the saving of coal per year in West Virginia by continuation of the conservation work and by following out recommendations would approximate: Tons. Stationary steam plants 125 OOO Domestic 25, 000 Total 150, 000 There was a saving of coal by (1) substitution of wood, and (2) substitution of water power for steam power. The combination of artificial ice and refrigerating plants is apparently a negligible quantity in this State. The same apparently is true of the "skip-stop" regulation, the principal effect of which was a moral one in impressing more deeply upon the pubhc our war needs. The consolidation or interconnection of central power stations offered very little in the way of coal saving, and saving of coal resulting from the closing down of isolated plants was a negligible feature due to the fact that the large central stations already had practically all the load they could handle. We consider the approximate figures given above for coal tonnage saved per annum as conservative, as that for stationary steam plants would very probably be considerably increased if more detailed information were available. On the whole, we believe that considerable good has been accomplished in the direction of conservation, which will be consistently followed up by many of the plants. We desire to express our appreciation of the general hearty cooperation given the department in the relatively short period of its activities. R. E. RiGHTMIRE, Administrative Engineer. Fairmont, W. Va., December 31, 1918. 122602—20- 2G 402 REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIYISION. WEST VIRGINIA. Name. Barnes, J. Walter. STATE ADVISORY BOAED. Snyder, Hon. H. A... Holden, Prof. W. G - Lewis, T. L STATE OFFICE PERSONNEL. Rose, H. H Rightmire, R. E.. Barrington, W. D. O'Neal, R. L Barnes, Irene Bonshire, Irma.. Cornett, Mary G . Engel.Estelle — Fatt, Ruth R Meredith, E. E... Williams, Lucile. Title. State fuel administrator. Executive secretary Administrative engineer. Assistant gineer. administrative en- Director hotel conservation.. Clerk Stenographer do ...do ....do Publicity agent Stenographer Official station. Municipal Building, Fairmont . Shepherdstown. Parkersburg Charleston Fairmont . do.... .do. ....do ....do Padeu City. . Fairmont MartlQsburg. Fairmont ....do ....do Home address. 727 Fairmont Avenue, Fairmont. . Shepherdstown. Parkersburg Charleston 406 Griffey Street, Fairmont 727 Mount Vernon Avenue, Fair- mont. 837 Emerson Street, Fairmont — Fairmont 323 Cleveland Street, Fairmont Paden City 323 Clevelahd Street, Fairmont 423 West King Street, Martinsburg, Fairmont do do Volun- teer or salary. V V V V S S Served. From — Oct. 26,1917 Deo. 4,1917 Jan. 4,1918 Nov. 12,1917 Nov. 16,1917 June 18,1918 Oct. 15,1918 Nov. 25,1918 .4ug. 23,1918 Apr. 1, 1918 Sept. 26, 1918 Dec. 15,1917 Dec. 21,1917 July 1,1918 May 16,1918 To- Mar. 27,1919 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Mar. Jan. 15,1919 16,1919- Do. Do. Oct. 15,1918 May 15,1918 Jan. 9,1919 Jan. 15,1918 Mar. 30,1918 Jan. 4,1919 Feb. 15,1919 FUEL COMMITTEES. Name. OOTIUTT FUEL COMMITTEES. Barbour: Talbott, R.E., chairman. Berkeley: Henshaw, E. C, chair- man. Silver, Gray, chairman.. Kllburn. C. W Leiter, P. W Boone: Hall, Dr. Alvin, chair- man. Braxton: Grose, JohnA., chairman. Brooke: Taylor, W. B., chairman . PauU, M. James, chair- man. Cabell: Mossman, D. A., chair- man. Ratcliff, John F Henking, C. C Calhoun: Matthews, A. G., chair- man. Clay: McLane, S.H., chairman, Bryant, S. W , Hall, O. L Thompson, Chas. M: Hiltabidle, J. C Doddridge: Chartier, L. E., jr., chair- man. Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Langfltt, John H.. VIS, Herbert Davis, Grouse, George C. Fayette: Bare, B. E., chairman. . . Conley, C. A Stegall, E. G Robinson, Prof. O. K... Jasper, S. J Gilmer: Bennett, C. M., chair- man. Holt.A.L Lewis, Fred Grant: Baker, B. J., chairman. , Greenbrier: Dice, John C, chairman. Floumay, W. M., chair- man. Bray, A.C Slaughter, R. C Rapp, B. A Hlnes, W.B Hampshire: Thompson, L. V., chair- man. Philippi Martinsburg.. .do. .do. .do. Sutton . Wellsburg. . do Huntington. .do. .do. Grantsville. , Clay do.... do..., Elkhurst. Dundon.., West Union. . . .do. .do. .do. Thurmond Gauley Bridge Fayette ville... Montgomery.. Glen Jean Glenville. , .do. .do. Petersblffg. Lewisburg. . do Rouceverte Alderson Eenick White Sulphur Springs. Romney. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 30,1917 Dec. 7, 1917 Dec. 6, 1918 do , Deo. 7, 1917 Feb. 16,1918 Feb. 5, 1918 Nov. 30, 1917 Jan. 12,1918 Nov. 20, 1917 .do. .do. Feb. 11,1918 Nov. 28,1917 do do do do Nov. 30, 1917 .do. .do. .do. Dec. 4, 1917 ....do do do do To— .do.... .do. .do. Jan. 26,1918 Deo. 7,1917 Nov. 20,1918 Dec. 7,1917 do do do Feb. 15,1919 Dec. 6, 191? Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Jan. 12,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Jan. 26,1918 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 20, 1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FXXEL COMMITTEES— continued. Hancock: Allison, 0. 0., chairman. Price, M. N., chairman. . Smith, W.L.,jr Wells, W.E Terril,P.M Hardy: Fetzer, Geo. N., chair- man. Henkel,M. S Keykendall, Robert Harrison: Dudderar, G. W., chair- man. Jackson: Cromley, J. K., chair- man. Jefferson: Cooke, E. E., chairman. Nelson, P.P., chairman. Hodges, S.J Gibson, W. L Withers, E.L Kanawha: Puffer, S. P., chairman. . Davis, M.T Sutherland, G. E Humphries, A. J Smith, Lloyd E Higginbotham, A. G Moflett, C. D Burdette, Ed Lewis: Alfred, Perry G., chair- man. Davisson, E. G Barnes, JohnA , Jackson, J. C Smith, Dr. Costa Lincoln: Hall, Dr. Alvin, chair- man. Logan: Bums, L. G., chairman. , McDowell: Sale, Graham, chairman, Marion: Evans, C. W., chairman, Marshall: Chaddock, D. R., chair- man. Thompson, Hugh W Francis, A. F Mason: Mitchell, R. E., chair- man. Hayman, Chas. H Bletner, F. E Capehart, Geo. N Lawhead, C. E Official station. Volun- teer or salary. Chester New Cumber- land. Chester Newell Weirton Moorefleld. .do. .do. Clarksburg. Eavenswood.. Charles Town .....do Shepherdstown. Charles Town. Summit Point Charleston do ....do do ....do ....do .....do ....do Weston. Crawford.. Weston... Janelew... Weston... Madison. Logan Welch Fairmont Moundsvllle... .do. .do. Point Pleasant. Mercers Bottom. Mason New Haven Point Pleasant. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From— Deo. 3, 1917 Dec. 3,1917 do , ....do , Nov. 30, 1917 .do. .do. .do... Aug. 19,1918 Dec. 1,1917 Dec. 1,1917 do do Nov. 23,1917 Nov. 25, 1917 ....do...... do , do do do do Dec. 7,1917 ....do ....do ....do ....do .do. Jan. 31,1918 Jan. 1,1918 Deo. 7,1917 Nov. 19,1917 do do Dec. 1,1917 ..do.... do.... do.... do.... To— Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do.. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. FEDERAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOES. WEST VIRGINIA— Continued. FUEL COMMITTEES— Continued. 403 Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Mercer: Duncan, »L. H., chair- man. Alexander, P. J., chair- man. Hardy, J.H Coehn, Isadore Thornton, J. T , Dunn, L. A Ritz, Bussell Kahle,Jas. H Patterson, R. D., pro- duce manager. Mineral: Grimes, W.C, chairman Sanders, J. G Baer, J. L. Mingo: White, H. S., chairman. . Monongalia: Jones^C. E., chairman.- . Grumbein, J. B South, W.H Beebe, Carl R Monroe: Johnston, A. S., chair- man. Young, Wm Loban, Floyd Nelson, CM Gray,C.B MiUer, J. G Fleshman, R. F Ballard, James Vernon, M. S Baker, E.S Maddy, J. F Morgan: Webster, W. H., chair- man. Finer, Geo. S Johnson, V. E Nicholas: McClung, Dr. James, chairman. Alderson, F. N Brown, W. G Ohio: Ketchum, Chas.' M., chairman. Ewing, Jas. W Naylor, K. B Pendleton: Hiner, B. H., chairman. Pleasants: ^Morgan, F.F., chairman. Biggs, S.V Hisson, J. 1/ CloTls, W. E Pocahontas: Price, Andrew, chair- man. Edgar, Allen Buckley, J.E Preston: Gibson, J. V^ chairman. Parrack.F.E Cobun, S. L Smoot, J. R Trembly, C,E Official station. Volun. teer or salary. Bluefleld. ....do.... .do. .do. .do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. Keyser do Piedmont. Mate wan.. Morgantown. do do do Union.. .....do Alderson do ....do do do do do do do Berkeley Springs. Paw Paw Berkeley Springs. Richwood do Summersville. Wheehng-i... .do., -do.. Franklin.. St. Marys. do do ....do Marlinton. . .do., .do.. Kingwood Timnelton... Mason Town . Newburg Terra Afta... V V V V V V V V V V V V V Served. From- Nov. 23, 1917 Nov. 23,1917 do Feb. 27,1918 Nov. 23,1917 do do Aug. 28,1918 Nov. 23,1917 do do Jan. 5, 1918 Dec. 7,1917 do do do do do do do do do do do do do do , do do Nov. 30,1917 Nov. 29,1917 ....do ....do Dec. 4, 1917 do do , Dec. 1,1917 do , do , do do .....do do , do Nov. 27,1917 do do do do To— Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Name. COUNTY FUEL COMMITTEES— continued. Putnam: Duddlng, John B., chair- man. Raleigh: McGinnis, W. H., chair- man. Randolph: Talbott, E. D., chair- man. Poast,T.C Kemper, J. R Ritchie: Cunningham, J. E., chairman. Roane: Sergent, G.M., chairman. Casto, J. B Amott,C. B Summers: Dunlap, R. F., chair- man. Taylor: Friedman, Harry, chair- man. Tregallas, John Bradford, Jos. B Tucker: Spangler, Lewis, chair- man. Tyler: Carter, O. C, chairman. Smith, W.H. Neuenschwander, Mr Watson, C.H Morris, Geo. L •Upshur: McCally, C. K., chair- man. Downs, J. M. N Wayne: Rigg, J. M., chairman... Hardwick, Daniel Webster: Talbott, W. T., chair- man. Howard, CD Cool, Walter Farrell,O.C Scott, Andrew Wetzel: Umstead, Geo. P., chair- man. Hall, S.Bruce Comett, T. H Berdlne, J. M Alley, J. Friend Wirt: Roberts, G. W., chair- man. Wood: Eubank, F. F., chair- man. Wiles, J. B., chairman. - Gilbert, J.L Davidson, E. L Richars,W.M McDonald, George Wyoming: Frantz, S. D., chairman. Official station. Winfleld. Beckley. . Elklns. .do., .do.. Pennsboro . Spencer. do... do... Hiuton. . Grafton . ....do ....do Parsons. Middleboume. ....do Sistersville — Middleboume. ....do Buckhannon. ....do Wayne.. do.. Webster Springs. Cowen Diana Cleveland Erbaoon New Martins- ville. ....do ....do Pine Grove ....do Elizabeth. Parkersbiu-g... .do... .do..., .do... .do..., .do.... Volun- teer or salary. Served. From— Mullens. Dec. 28,1917 Deo. 24,1917 Dec. 20,1917 ..do.. do.. Dec. 31,1917 Nov. 30,1917 do do Dec. 28,1917 Nov. 20,1917 ....do ....do Feb. 16,1918 Nov. 28,1918 ....do ....do ....do ....do Oct. 18,1918 Jan. 31,1918 Jan. 17,1918 ....do Deo. 4, 1917 ..do ..do ..do ..do Jan. 18,1918 ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. Feb. 1,1918 Nov. 6,1917 Nov. 6, 1918 Nov. 6, 1917 ....do ....do ....do To- Feb. 15,1919 Do. Deo. 15,1917 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nov. 6,1918 Feb. 15,1919 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. WISCONSIN. Wisconsin's industrial and economic disadvantages in not having coal mines, are offset by its geographic position at the head of the Lakes. This position, in normal times, has made it comparatively easy to supply the State with anthracite for its domestic consumers and to obtain a choice of the best grades of bituminous industrial coal. It has been one of the big contributing factors in the development of our industries. But this very economic dependence on other States for our fuel supply threatened, even before our entrance into' the war, the security of our industrial enterprises. We knew that any curtailment of our fuel supply or any interference with its transportation would menace the success of our industrial ventures, and, because of their vital impor- tance, would impair the successful prosecution of the war. At the outset of the war, therefore, the necessity for fuel regulation was a foregone conclusion. Three main problems confronted us in the early fall of 1917, after the passage of the Lever Act in August — continued vigilance in keeping a supply of coal flowing into the State; the equitable distribution of the supply as it was received at the docks and yards ; the enforcement of the Federal Fuel Administration price-fixing orders set forth in publication No. 7, and subsequent orders. The State, through the foresight of Gov. Philipp, had begun its campaign for the maintenance of an adequate coal supply in the summer of 1917, when Gov. Philipp sent W. N. Fitzgerald east to aid in expediting shipments from the eastern Lake ports. The timely efforts in insisting on these shipments and in getting Wisconsin's supply moving very early in the season and the continued efforts of the fi^el administrators for the four North- western States — Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota — saved the people of the State, especially the domesic anthracite consumers, from undergoing serious hardships during the winter. We do not wish, however, to minimize the difficulties of the coal situation confronting us in the fall of 1917. The statistics which were compiled at that time showed that the anthracite stocks on hand November 1, 1917, at the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan docks, were 386,468 net tons short compared with the stocks on hand at the corresponding time in the preceding year, a decrease of 36 per cent. Not only did the State fuel administration have to increase its vigilance in seeing that supplies reached the docks before the close of naviga- tion, but it had to make arrangements with the railroads and the raUroad commission to supply cars for the immediate transportation of coal, as it was received at the docks. Meanwhile it was necessary immediately to organize the State into local committees. The weeks of October, 1918, were occupied in building up the State organization and in outlining the duties of the local committees. For each county a county fuel administrator was appointed, on whose recommendation two members were appointed to serve on the county committee. In every case the committee members evinced unswerving loyalty, sacrificing their own personal interests for the needs of the fuel administration. Each county fuel administrator was instructed to make a survey of the local needs of his county; to caU meetings of the retail dealers and to request, in cases of necessity, priority shipments to localities where fuel shortage threatened. In such cases, whenever the State administrator found it necessary, he issued orders to the district representative, Mr. Grover- man, requesting him to place orders for priority shipments with the dock companies. In cases where the immediate pressure was not so great, the State administrator called conferences of the wholesalers, at which the situation throughout the State was discussed and volunteer arrangements were made for preference shipments into those sections and' to those dealers requiring immediate relief, according to the records in the State fuel administrator's office. The detailed distribution of anthracite to domestic consumers was left under the control of the county fuel administrators, to be administered under two general orders, the first prohibiting the retail dealer from deliver- ing more than one month's supply to any customer, soon superseded by a second order, limiting the delivery of anthracite to 1 ton to each customer. These general orders, issued early in January, were amended in various counties to take care of the needs of the locality. Many county fuel administrators permitted the delivery of only one-half or one-fourth ton at a time. By this system all consumers •were taken care of, as coal shipments arrived, and the people passed through the serious months of January and February without any severe hard- ship. This plan of distribution was made workable through a system begun early in November, 1917, under which consumers were required to file with their retail dealers applications for coal, stating the quantity and size required, the grade of coal used the preceding year, the quantity on hand, and any unfilled orders placed with other dealers. Thus the dealers, and through them the county fuel administrators, were given an opportunity to check up on consumers' stocks on hand and to prevent hoarding, as well as to help in making the distribution equitable. Check was kept on the dealers through their reports filed with the county fuel administrators. > Eeportfrom September, 1917, to Mar. 1, 1919. 404 FEDEEAL FUEL ADMINISTRATORS. 405 The most acute conditions were experienced in the southern counties, which had been in the habit of getting their Supplies of anthracite by all-rail shipments through Chicago. In this respect Kenosha County was one of the worst sufferers and we are quoting from County Fuel Administrator W.M. Burke's report of January 28, 1918, as typical of conditions in those sections : We experience one diiBculty here, and that is the fact that our local dealers have in the past— with the exception of the two large yards, namely, the Baldwin and O'Donnell, who secure most of their coal by boat— purchased nearly their entire supply of railway coal through Chicago agents of various coal companies, Chicago being a commutation city as far as railway fare, etc., is concerned, with Kenosha. Now, when it comes to getting shipments from Chicago for Kenosha, the Cook County administrator refuses to let them come through on account of conditions in Chicago and surrounding points: and being unable to secure coal in any amount from Milwaukee, this community is nat- urally suffering daily. For the past two weeks, as I advised you, all coal allotments are given through our office in one-half ton amounts with an occasional 1 ton distribution where necessity requires. Our bakeries would have had to close down three days ago, were it not for the fact that we were able to borrow a car of coke from the Wisconsin Gas & Electric Co., which concern sent us 20 tons. This will do us for about another 10 days. Oui' city water works was entirely out of coal last Saturday afternoon, and we succeeded in borrowing 20 tons from the N. R. Allen Sons' Tannery, which will run us until to-morrow. To-morrow we are borrowing from the Black Cat Textile Co. in order to run for another couple days. Three of our schools ai'e closed with the chances favoring the closing of one or two more within the next week. Our manufacturing establishments, while running, are all short of coal and have been compelled to doge down different departments from time to time. The first five days our office had control of the situation we took in over 2,000 orders and made 1,794 actual deliveries, city teams, farmers' teams, etc., being conscripted to help the fuel situation. The writer borrowed two cars of egg coal from the American Brass Cos this momii^, which was proportioned in one-half ton allotments. At my office to-day approximately 420 orders were issued comprising^ 250 tons, no tonnage being received by any of the coal companies to counteract the outgoing orders. Were we to continue actual deliveries at as rapid a rate as we are able to, we could deliver the entire coal supply in the various yards of the city to consumers in three days' time. Rock County was another sufferer. In the month of January, 1918, the shortage of coal became so acute in Rock County that the city of Beloit was down to 47 tons of soft coal and screenings. Coal was at that time delivered in 250-pound lots at all hours of the day and night by the coal dealers, the city furnishing teams to help do this. Even the pohce patrol was called into service to take care of emergency eases. The action of the State fuel administrator in diverting 22 cars of coal to the city of Beloit reheved the serious shortage. To relieve temporary shortage in the winter of 1917-18, and aid in providing small quantities of anthracite to domestic consumers, many municipalities, in some instances through their county councils of defense, estab- Ushed emergency city coal stations, securing the necessary coal from retail dealers or dock companies, and selling it in 300-pound lots. The fuel administration helped in seeing that the coal stations were provided with coal. These steps made it possible for many people to buy small quantities to tide them over untU the retail dealers could make dehveries. CLOSING ORDER, JANUARY 17, 1918. The closing order of January 17, 1918, shutting down industries, stores, places of amusement, etc., for a five-day period, beginning January 18, 1918, and on succeeding Mondays, was successfully enforced through the active work of the county fuel administrators, in spite of the difficulties arising because of the many indus- tries claiming exemption or partial exemption on account of war orders. Before the lists of exempted indus7 tries could be compiled the State administrator had to depend on telegraphic permits for individual industries from the various Government departments. Dming this short period of adjustment some few industries re- mained rimning that should have closed and some few were closed that should have been running; however, the percentage was negligible. Changes in the orders also caused difficulties. The saloons of the State had expressed their compliance with the order by volunteering to shut down completely. It was, therefore, with great regret that, after a general closing enforcement, word was received from Washington that the order should be interpreted as prohibiting only heating of saloons and not the sale of hquor. On the whole, with the exception of minor violations, of which one case was carried to the com-ts, for heating a saloon in violation of the order, it was observed and strictly enforced throughout the entire State. Wisconsin fuel administration orders gave instructions to county fuel administrators for enforcing the order. Supplemental orders and ex- planations had to be given constantly by long-distance telephone and telegrams, and it is a source of gratifica- tion to us that an order covering such main problems of adjustment and creating real hardship to employees, who lost their wages on those days, was enforced with very little friction and dissatisfaction. Manufacturers everywhere showed the finest spirit of cooperation and the county fuel administrators went through strenuous days and nights. In the wooded counties many people improved the time by going into the wood lot and getting up a good supply of wood. In summing up the situation during the winter months of 1917-18 the outstanding facts are that no fac- tories were shut down for lack of fuel and no consumer suffered more than ordinary discomfort, and this was due not to lack of coal but to the inconvenience caused by substitution. 406 EBPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. ANTHRACITE ALLOTMENT AND DISTRIBUTION, 1818-19 COAL YEAR. Early in March, when it was evident through information received from the Federal Fuel Administration that the allotment of anthracite would not exceed the consumption for the 1916-17 coal year and might be less, we realized that the retail distribution plan, by which each domestic consumer was limited to two-thirds of his normal annual requirements of anthracite, would work serious inequities for Wisconsin. We felt that if the anthracite allotment would not equal more than two-thirds of the consumption in 1916-17, and if the arrival of a big percentage of the coal at the docks and yards would be delayed until late fall and early winter, as was easily possible, the delivery of two-thirds of their normal annual requirements to domestic consumei;s would result in leaving more than half the domestic consumers with empty bins until December or later. It was felt by the Wisconsin administration that a retail distribution plan based on the needs of the heating equip- ment of the consumer, would have been more just. Dealers then could have given delivery precedence to those consumers whose heating equipment could not be adjusted for burning bituminous or wood, e. g., maga- zine-feed stoves and hot-air furnaces. The distribution experience in the late summer and the fact that the allotment granted Wisconsin was less than 75 per cent of the amount consumed in the 1916-17 coal year shows that the administration was warranted in these conclusions. For the two- thirds delivery plan, which was effective in Wisconsin beginning March 13, 1918, remained in force only until July, when action had to be taken to safeguard the supply of anthracite for magazine-feed and hot-air furnaces, and an amending order was issued limiting the delivery of anthracite to hot-water and steam-heating equipments to one-third the normal annual supply. To understand the necessity for this order, an explanation of the Federal anthracite allotment plan as it affected Wisconsin must be made. After inevitable delays, on May 29, 1918, the anthracite distributing com- mittee completed its program, giving Wisconsin an allotment of 86.64 per cent of the 1916-17 consumption. The necessity or the reasonableness of the percentage decrease of 13.36 per cent of what we had in 1916 was never questioned. The people of the State accepted the ultimatum in the best of spirits. Dealers and con- sumers planned and figured on selling and using 13.36 per cent less than they did in 1916. But the figures accompanying the percentage based the allotment of 1,146,880 net tons on a total consumption in the 1916-17 coal year of 1,323,730 net tons, whereas the reports from Wisconsin dealers, county fuel administrators, the railroads, and the dock operators and rail shippers, as compUed by expert statisticians in the Wisconsin office, show that there were 1,476,397 net tons shipped to Wisconsin points in 1916. Because of the radical differ- ences betweto the anthracite committee's basic figure for the allotment, its own report upon the amounts received at the different stations, and the figures of the statisticians who made the investigation for the State administration, a further investigation was made by Mr. W. A. Anderson, of the Wisconsin Eailroad Com- mission, and Prof. Stephen W. Gilman in the summer of 1918 to substantiate the figures of the anthracite distributing committee on the amount of anthracite received and distributed in Wisconsin during the coal year 1916. An intensive comparative study of Mr. Groverman's figures of dock receipts and aU-rail shipments to Wisconsin dealers through the agency of the dock companies, of the anthracite distributing committee's statement purporting to show the amount distributed to each station in Wisconsin during the year in question, of the railroad figures of coal delivered at the stations of Wisconsin, and of the dealers' reports of amounts re- ceived during that time, showed that there were received and distributed in Wisconsin during the coal year 1916 a total of 1,476,397 net tons. Thus, if Wisconsin were to get 86.64 per cent of what was used in the State in 1916, we should have had 1,283,071 net tons, instead of the 1,146,880 net tons which were allotted to the State. In other words, our allotment was short 136,191 net tons.' It must be remembered, too, that that shortage does not make allowance for the 10 per cent increase in normal consumption per year, which, when figured with the 86.64 percentage of the 1916 consumption allowed us, shows that Wisconsiii received not more than two-thirds of its normal requirements. These were facts which made an equitable distribution all the more necessary. The study of the amount of coal received at each station during the 1916 coal year served as a basis both for the allotment and for the distribution plans. Each retail dealer was required to send in semimonthly reports, beginning April 1, 1918, showing the number of tons for which he had orders on file and the tonnage on hand. In September, 1918, he was requested to send in a summary of his situation up to and including September 10, 1918, showing the tonnage on hand and the total amount delivered on his orders. This gave the anthracite distributing depart- ment a basis on which to fix its distribution. Rules were made that no city or community was to receive more than 86 per cent of its consumption for the 1916 coal year until every commimity had received that share, and no retail dealer was to receive more than 50 per cent of his requirements according to his orders untU every dealer had received 50 per cent, and shipments then were to be permitted imtil in every community shipments equaled the 1916 receipts. In order to make this work at all effective the semimonthly reports had to be kept 1 Report of W. A. Anderson re Anthracite receipts at stations in Wisconsin for year ending Mar. 31, 1917. FEDEEAL FUEL ADMINISTEATOES. 407 absolutely up to date and tabulations made for each county, showing the comparative receipts by cities and dealers. This scheme enabled the fuel administrator to judge immediately of the urgency of dealers' requests for priority shipments and to determine on the counties which needed immediate attention because of anthracite coal shortage. As in the winter of 1917-18, priority shipments were made at the request of the State fuel administrator, through Mr. Groverman, and priority shipments were volunteered by the dock com- panies. In issuing these orders the tabulation for each county was invaluable, because it indicated the dealers who had received a very low percentage of the allotment due them and concentrated attention upon them untU the situation was relieved. With these arrangements completed early in the fall and preferred shipments of anthracite being continually sent to those sections of the State that needed coal most, we were amply prepared to face the winter,* assured that our campaign for the substitution of wood, bituminous, and coke to take the place of the curtailed anthracite, would be effective provided that the fuU allotment reached our docks before the close of navigation. Only through constant watchfulness and cooperative efforts were the four administrators able to secure these shipments. Many factors combined to discourage the fuel administrators for the four Northwestern States in their efforts that the full anthracite allotment would reach the docks before cold weather prevented. The' influenza epidemic seriously cut production. In November, 1918, steam barges were coming light from Buffalo to secure grain cargoes at Milwaukee, and that at a time just three weeks before the normal close of navigation, when Mr. Groverman's report of November 15, 1918, of anthracite distribution against the year's allotment showed that Wisconsin had received only 61.48 per cent of its allotment. Thus almost 40 per cent of the entire amount had to reach the State before the close of navigation or else come by aU-rail shipment and boat ferry, which seemed a physical impossibility. This percentage was based on the anthracite committee's figures, granting Wisconsin 1,146,880 net tons. Based on our statistician's estimate of 1,476,397, the percentage lacking would have been 47.5 per cent. Meanwhile dissatisfaction arose among the consumers because the Washington Administration pubhshed articles in Wisconsin papers ' stating that our State had received its full allotment of coal, or would have by November 15, and the consumers and dealers were growing restive wonder- ing why a speedier distribution did not take place. The persistency of the Northwestern fuel administrators, through conferences with the anthracite committee in Philadelphia and the Washington Administration, assured the arrival of shipments to the extent of 85.43 per cent by January 31, 1919, 67.7 per cent if computed according to the Wisconsin statisticians' figures. Another problem requiring adjustment was that the percentage of chestnut coal reaching the docks was much lower than in former years and the amount of egg shipped was increased 54 per cent, as were also the other sizes. This meant that consumers had to crush the egg size themselves. In some small communities they were relieved of this work by having it done by the city crusher, but in all cases serious inconveniences were caused. DISTRIBUTION TO CONSUMERS. It was thus a precautionary measure which made the amendment of the two-thirds delivery order imperative early in the summer of 1918. Acting on the amendment issued, dealers were permitted to deliver only one-third of the normal anthracite requirements to hot-water and steam-heating equipments and were per- mitted to make deliveries in fuU up to 6 tons and to deliver the full requirements of coke and bituminous. The response to the "order early" campaign was so remarkable that dealers, with few exceptions, reported their orders in by September, 1918. However, persistent publicity was necessary to make the consumer patient in awaiting the receipt of his coal and to convince him that his order would be filled in the order of its receipt. He had to be persuaded to keep from changing dealers when he saw his neighbor's order being delivered, while his own, placed with a less fortunate dealer, was still unfilled. Moreover, many dealers who had adhered strictly to the two-thirds delivery or Final Report oJ the Business Manager, p. 249. 12 FINAL EBPOET OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTEATOB. United States Fuel Administration, Washington, D. C, July Z5, 1919. Complete list of files, indexes, and records delivered to Interior Department. First floor: Cases- General files, correspondence, and telegrams 50 Correspondence principally from States 266 Conservation 12 Educational 6 State organizations 15 Production 11 Publications 5 Personnel 11 Oil Division— Field 8 Business office: Mr. Mitchell's files (live) 5 Mr. Steele's files (live) 11 16 Disbursing office (live) 25 Second floor (east rooms) : Fuel Administrator 2 Legal Advisor 1 Assistant Fuel Administrator 3 Fuel Administrator (outer office) 2 Fuel Administrator (outer office), Indexes — 4-drawer cabinets. Bureau of Prices 6 Bureau of Prices (also 1 safe containing records). Engineers 1 West rooms: Contents to be designated (supposedly Mine Tract Committee) 2 Bureau of Labor 3 North corridor: Oil — General correspondence, except engineering • 19 South corridor: Legal, general correspondence 50 Safe, containing 6 duplicate original order books, 2 volumes License Board proceedings, 1 file containing papers, Cleveland and Western Coal Co. and Wisconsin Coal and Dock Co. v. William K. Prudden, Federal Fuel Administrator for Michigan. 1 package loose correspondence sheets in re retailers' prices, etc. Center corridor: Distribution 109 Retail Advisor 1 Traffic and Transportation 4 Books: Number. Official photographic records 1 Official personnel list 1 Catalogue of Distribution Division in two volumes (made in triplicate) in all 6 Index of production files and production managers (Mr. James B. Neale's files) in duplicate 2 Index to the general files 1 Index to the records of the Conservation and Educational Division, United States Fuel Administration 2 Personnel of State fuel administrators (alphabetical, by States, I — Alabama to New Jersey; II, New Mexico to Wyoming) 2 Index to records of State and county offices of the Anthracite Committee and the States of Alabama to Wyoming (made in duplicate, two books in each set) 4 S. W. Hawkins. In this connection the attention of Congress is respectfully called to the necessity of providing a suitable fireproof hall of records wherein the papers of the emergency administrations may be deposited and arranged for future reference. Now is the time to make and arrange the collections. Their value will be greatly diminished if they are broken up and scattered among the permanent departments and bureaus. Thus the United States Fuel Administration ceased to function after the 30th day of June, 1919. It ceased to function because of the failure of Congress to appropriate funds. It ceased to function, yet it remained in existence. My resignation was presented to the President in December, 1919, on the eve of his departure for Europe, but it had not been accepted. It will be remembered that the regulations governing maximum prices were suspended, not canceled, by the order^of January, 1919. Realizing that^so long as the Lever Act was in existence conditions might arise which would require further action by the Fuel Administrator, at my request the following persons, whose resignations had been presented, effective June 30, 1919, withdrew their resignations and|held themselves injreadiness for further service at call: George E. Howes, Executive Secre- tary; Cyrus Garnsey, jr., Assistant Fuel Administrator; James H. Allport and R. V. Norris, engineers; Law- i The engineering flies are now located in the Bureau of Mines, Interior Building, Eoom 1133, and consist of: File cases, numbered 1 to 6; art metal safes, 2; card indes case, 1; sectional bookcase, 1. FINAL KEPOET OP THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTBATOE. 13 rence Mitchell, Business Manager; W. H. Power, disbursing officer; McGill Connor, deputy disbursing'officer ; Lena Ramsey, accountant; Martin L. J. Steele, clerk; F. E. Harkness, solicitor; Sara R. Carter and Mildred I. Wincli, secretaries; Theresa Fitzmorris, stenographer; and A. M. Landman, assistant. In some cases, for business reasons, resignations were accepted as effective June 30, but with the promise to return if the need arose. The above group formed a nucleus about which we could quickly build. The wisdom of the arrangement was demonstrated when four months later the Fuel Administrator was suddenly recalled to Washington, remaining there from the 26th of October until the 13th day of December, 1919. This is the story of the organization and winding up of the United States Fuel Administration. Briefly, it rose to a maximum of 1,600 employees in Washington, together with three or four thousand at any one time in the field, the total number of persons serving the Fuel Administration at any time being about 18,000. The names, offices, periods of service, and salaries paid at headquarters will be found in Appendix III of this part of the report. The list in its entirety, containing the names of all who at any time anywhere served the Fuel Administration, will be found in the volume containing the Final Report of the Business Manager and in the Report of the Administrative Division, Part I. The Fuel Administration began the process of winding up immediately upon the signing of the armistice, reduced its force rapidly month by month until there remained only 27 persons on the pay roU of the Admin- istration for the month of June. Thereafter all disbursements ceased, the expenses of the period between October 26 and December 13, 1919, being borne by the Railroad Administration. The actual disbursements of aU- appropriations from September 1, 1917, to June 30, 1919, as shown in the summary, page 248, in the Final Report of the Business Manager, amounted to $4,866,866.31. AN INTERLUDE AND THE CONCLUSION. As above stated, the United States Fuel Administration apparently came to an end on the 30th day of June, 1919. On that date Government expenses on behalf of the Administration ceased. As a matter of fact, however, a few officials remained over until the 1st of August, but not at the expense of Government. Begin- ning with January, 1919, rapid cuts had been made in the disbursements of the Administration. Month by month the totals were reduced, those for Jiine amounting to 171,174.94, as compared with $420,462 for January. A considerable part of the $71,000 disbursed in June, 1919, covered obligations incurred prior to June 1. All the field force had been retired and during the month of Jirne there were but 27 persons on the pay roU, barely enough to take care of the accounts, property, and papers of the Administration. The Congress deemed it wise to refuse our request for appropriations for the year beginnuig July 1, 1919. Realizing the importance of completing the work of auditing and especially of arranging and classifying papers and documents for ready future reference, the Fuel Administrator had appealed to the President for funds to complete the winding-up process. The Fuel Administration had to its credit on June 30, 1919, a cash balance of $989,137.38 unused from various appropriations and allotments for the year. As provided by law this unexpended balance went back to the Treasury July 1, 1919. Indeed, at the request of the Secretary of the TreasTiry, the greater portion of this amount was remitted at an earUer date to aid in relieving pressing needs. It was estimated that the outstanding bUls of the Fuel Administration awaiting audit amounted to about $160,000. Unless at least a skeleton of the Auditing Department of the Fuel Administration were retained after the 1st of July, it was evident that there would be long and vexatious delay in providing for the payment of the many small bills making up this total. In the interests of economy arrangements had been made at the Treasury Department for the settling of accounts after the 1st of July. The difficulty was that each account must be properly audited. W. H. Power, disbursiag officer of the Fuel Administration, and the half dozen assistants remaining in his office were familiar with these details and would have been able in three months or less to close the books. Much work had still to be done in the arrangement of papers and docu- ments and the preparation of each report for publication. It was estimated that for the month of July we would need to retain 23 persons, and for August 12 persons, and possibly 4 persons until December. This would have required a total outlay for salaries and expenses of about $10,000. The following exchange of cables on the 11th and 15th of June gave the Fuel Administrator the assurance that he would have sufficient fxmds to carry out this modest program: June 11, 1919. President Woodeow Wilson, American Commission to Negotiate Peace, Hotel Crillon, Paris, France: Unless Congress makes appropriation, the Fuel Administration will be without funds after July 1st. By that time I shall have left about $80,000 of national defense fund allotted in February. I respectfully request that this balance be made available for winding up Fuel Administration after July 1st. I am advised that this can be done by turning over balance to some designated person, maldno' him or his deputy personally responsible for its use in closing up Fuel Administration matters. If this meets with your approval, a cable from you by June 15 will enable me to retain necessary office force. (Signed) Gaepield. 14 FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL, ADMINISTRATOR. June 12, 1919. President Woodrow Wilson, American Commission to Negotiate Peace, Hotel Crillon, Paris, France: Figure $80,000 in cable of 11th should read $60,000. (Signed) Garfield. [Cable from President Wilson to Mr. Tumulty, received Sunday, June 16, 1919.] I authorize the balance of the fund for national security and. defense, amounting to about $60,000, allotted to the Fuel Administra- tion, to be turned over to H. A. Garfield to be used for winding up the Fuel Administration after July 1. The action is taken in accord- ance with Dr. Garfield's cable to me of June 12. With this provision Mr. Garfield arranged with the members of the force stUl remaining to continue their services mitil the affairs of the Administration were completely and finally wound up. After this arrangement had been made a letter was received from the Secretary of the Treasury, stating that Judge Warwick, Comp- troller of the Treasury, had reached the conclusion that the President could not imder the law transfer the funds as arranged. This word came to the Fuel Administrator on the 26th of June. The office force which had agreed to remain consisted of young women and young men without means of support other than the salaries they were receiving. Upon inquiry it appeared that their engagements for board and lodging had been made for the ensuing month and that to dismiss them with three or four days' notice would work an extreme hard- ship. They were thereupon called together and the situation explained. The Fuel Administrator made himself personally responsible for their salaries for the month of July, gave notice that the oflSi.ces would be closed July 31, and sent his personal check for $3,000 to the Secretary of the Interior, with the request that it be handed to W. H. Power. At the close of the month Mr. Power rendered an account as follows, inclosing his check for $13.35, the imexpended balance: Sara R. Carter, services July 1 to 31, 1919 $150. 00 Lawrence Mitchell, services July 1 to 31, 1919 325. 00 Frances E. Sullivan, services July 1 to 31, 1919 140. 00 Theresa C. Fitzmorris, services July 1 to 31, 1919 110. 00 William McCoy, services July 1 to 31, 1919 45. 00 James L. Cornwell, services July 1 to 31, 1919 50. 00 W. H. Power, services July 1 to 31, 1919 325. 00 McGill Conner, services July 1 to 31, 1919 250. 00 Lena Ramsey, services July 1 to 31, 1919 150. 00 Thomas Elias, services July 1 to 22, 1919 128. 33 M. L. J. Steele, services July 1 to 31, 1919 110.00 Beulah McNeill, services July 1 to 26, 1919 '. . 108. 33 A. M. Landman, ser-vices July 1 to 31, 1919 200. 00 lone Lee Mooney, services July 1 to 26, 1919 108. 33 Mary H. Watson, services July 1 to 26, 1919 ! 130. 00 Louis C. Mays, services July 1 to 26, 1919 78. 00 Annie Tresselt, services July 1 to 31, 1919 '. 125. 00 Charles H. Theinert, services July 1 to 15, 1919 87. 50 Dorothy M. Thurlow, services July 1 to 15, 1919 50. 00 Grace G. Eastment, services July 1 to 15, 1919 '. 70. 00 Flora Varner, services July 1 to 8, 1919 33. 33 Mary R. Leigh, services July 1 to 15, 1919 45. 00 Henry H. Lamar, services July 1 to 2, 1919 5. 33 W. H. Power, services Aug. 16 to 31, 1919 162. 50 During this month the following sums were also paid out by other volunteers of the Administration as follows : By Cyrus Garnsey, jr., to Miss Fletcher, stenographer $80. 00 Ry James H. AUport to E. S. Van Sant, clerk $48. 00 By James H. Allport to Elizabeth Jefferies, stenographer 20. 83 By James H. Allport to Jessie L. Benton, stenographer 20. 83 By James H. Allport to J. R. Pill, clerk 37. 50 Total 127. 16 By Frank E. Harkness to Ruth Ainsworth, stenographer $67. 50 By Frank E. Harkness to Lillian Smith, stenographer 50. 00 Total 117. 50 The four months between July 1, 1919, and October 30, following may well be termed an interlude. The play of political forces, evidenced by the cutting off of appropriations for the winding up of the war emergency FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. 15 administrations, in spite of the fact that they were and had been for several months making haste to bring to orderly termination their activities, furnished the poHtical motif. The fear of the operators that prices would fall at a ruinous rate and of the mine workers that their wages would be seriously involved furnished the industrial motif. Operators who theretofore had objected to Government regulation and maximum prices now urged the continuance of regulation and the imposition of a minimum to catch the falling prices. In the face of increasing demands for coal the United Mine Workers had struggled to be free from the Washington agreement of October, 1917, for it boimd them to the wages then agreed upon until the end of the war, but not later than April 1, 1920. When, however, after the 1st of January, 1919, prices sagged below the Government maxima, the mine workers took a different view of the matter and readily assented to the proposition that the operators were bound by the wage agreement. ° By midsummer of 1919 the pubUc, seeing the huge stock piles fast disappearing, began to give heed to the warning soimded by the Fuel Administrator early in June. Operators and mine workers alike foresaw trouble in the autumn. When the stock piles were exhausted in September, demand for fresh-mined coal would arise. This would bring heavy coal shipments into the crop-moving season. The car supply would be insufficient for the transportation of both food and fuel. It was an opportune time for labor to press its demand for increased wages, and as September approached the rumblings of labor discontent were heard, resulting finally in meetings at Cleveland and Buffalo in an attempt, which proved vain, to reach an agreement with the operators for an increased wage. Toward the end of October the Fuel Administrator was asked to resume his functions. The following letters will explain the conditions under which he returned to Washington : October 28, 1919. Hon. Joseph P. Tumultt, Private Secretary, The White House. Dear Mr. Tumulty: I shall be obliged if you will bring the following to the attention of the Cabinet at its meeting to-day as a report upon the question whether the Fuel Administration should undertake the distribution of coal produced in the days immediately preceding November 1. Last Saturday the Cabinet authorized me to confer with Dr. Garfield on this subject, and Saturday night I telephoned him at WilUams- towDL, explaining that by authority of the Cabinet I wished to consider this question with him, and I accordingly arranged for him to confer yesterday in New York with Mr. Spencer, Director of the Railroad Administration's Division of Purchases. Before this conference had taken place in New York, I conferred with the Attorney General as to the expediency of undertaking such a distribution through the Fuel Administration, and he felt that the question ought to remain in abeyance at least until to-day. After the conference Dr. Grarfield telephoned me yesterday afternoon, expressing doubts as to the wisdom of his undertaking to handle this matter through the Railroad Administration and expressing the preference for its being handled through the Secretary of the Interior. I requested Dr. Garfield to come over for further discussion of the matter to-day, and I understand he is in the city, but I have not heard from him amd feel it important to get the matter before the Cabinet as it now stands. On Friday night, October 31, if no steps are taken in the meantime to interfere with the ordinary disposition of coal as it may reach destination, there will be about 8,000,000 tons of coal on wheels. For each day that, prior to October 31, the delivery of coal to consignees might be prevented, this amount would be increased by about 2,000,000 tons. A large portion of this amount will be absolutely necessary for railroad purposes, because two of our regions have a very short supply of coal, since, being immediately in the coal region, it has never been deemed desirable to accumulate a large supply, and from the time the strike became a probability a supply could not have been accumulated except by depriving other consumers. There will, however, be a substantial margin of coal, say from three million to seven or eight million tons, which may not be taken by the Railroad Administration and which will consequently go in regular course to its designated consignees, unless some governmental authority shall intervene. The result will be that to a large extent this coal will go to consignees which already have stocks of coal on hand and will not go to public utilities having very small stocks. If a governmental agency should take hold of this situation, undoubtedly a distribution could be effected which would be much more in the public interest than if it is allowed to go to the designated consignees without interference. Again, there will be a current production of coal throughout the strike if one should take place, and this production would be much below the demand. Hence, in the public interest it seems to me desirable to have some governmental agency which will distribute this coal. My judgment is that it would be better to request Dr. Garfield to take control of this situation and make the desired allocation, not only of coal on hand at the beginning of the strike but of coal produced during the strike. It seems to me it would be unfortunate and would raise unnecessary question to attempt to make a transfer of the functions of the Fuel Administration from Dr. Garfield to any other person. If the Cabinet should decide that this step ought to be taken, I feel Dr. Garfield would feel much more clearly justified in assuming control if the President himself should express his indorsement of the plan. It is clear that there would be a serious personal inconvenience to Dr. Garfield in taking hold of this situation. I believe, however, the inconvenience could be greatly modified, and Dr. Garfield has made it clear that he would not stand on any question of personal inconvenience if the President should feel that the action ought to be taken. The argument has been made that an announcement of a purpose thus to control distribution of coal would amount to the Government casting doubt on its own efforts to control the strike, but it seems to me this is a speculative argument and that one is equally well justified in believing that favorable inference would be drawn from such action, because it would constitute evidence of the purpose on the part of the Government to protect the situation through every available agency. » Proceedings of the conference of Feb. 11-14, 1919. Appendix V. 16 FINAL EEPOET OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMIinSTRATOB. I therefore submit the matter for the action of the Cabinet. As I look at it the questions are as follows: Shall the Government make a definite effort to control the distribution of the coal which will be accumulating in the remaining days of this week, and, if so, shall it do so at once, it being understood that about 2,000,000 tons of coal will go in regular course to the desig- nated consignees for every day that no control is exercised, and that on Friday the available amount of coal will be reduced to about 8,000,000 tons? If the Government desires to control this matter, shall it be done through Dr. Garfield or shall his powers be transferred to another agency of the Government? In the absence of such control the Railroad Administration will, of course, take the steps necessary to protect itself, but this will afford no relief to other public utilities and they may lose substantial amounts of coal which will therefore go to consignees who have no corresponding need for it. Sincerely yours, Walker D. Hikes. [Copy to Dr. Garfield.] 29 October, 1919. Director General Walker D. Hinbs, United States Railroad Administration, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Hines: I am obliged to you for sending me a copy of your letter of yesterday to Mr. Tumulty. My suggestion, that the proposed distribution of coal be handled through the Secretary of the Interior, grows out of a plan laid before the President last February. As finally elaborated, it involved, as you may remember, among other things, the designation of the Secretary of the Interior as chairman of an advisory committee, composed in equal parts of mine workers and operators and having for its object the consideration of all ques- tions affecting either the public or labor and capital engaged in the bituminous coal industry. On his return from Paris in the spring, Secretary Baker stated to me that the President approved of the plan and has asked him to inaugurate it. Due to difficulties, of which I am not fully informed, the plan was not inaugurated, greatly to my regret, for I believe it would have gone far to prevent the crisis which is now impending. With these circumstances in mind, it naturally occurred to me to suggest that Secretary Lane be authorized to make the proposed distribution of coal. Howe'^'er, the action of Congress in refusing to make an appropriation for the Fuel Administration after July 1 of this year and the ruling of the Comptroller of the Treasury on the President's proposal to turn over funds — as per the cables exchanged June 11 and 14 last — have left the United States Fuel Administration without power to function in this crisis. Your suggestion that I indicate the basis of the distribution and utilize the Railroad Administration's field force in carrying it out raises the question whetherit would not be preferable that you be authorized to act in this emergency, especially if for any reason it still seems inadvisable to set up the advisory commission recommended in the plan above referred to. I therefore suggest that if action is now to be taken my resignation be accepted and that you or Secretary Lane be appointed United States Fuel Administrator. In view of your intimation that I indicate the basis of distribution of coal, I venture to suggest further that the following course be pursued in the present crisis: First. That the order covering maximum prices of bituminous coal, suspended as of February 1, 1919, be forthwith rescinded, thereby reestablishing Government maximum prices. It is important to note that the price regulations were suspended and not canceled and that all contracts entered into since that date are subject to the cancelation of the suspension order. In other words, that contracts for prices higher than the maximum Government prices will not stand in the face of such an order. Second. That all coal in transit be at once taken over and distributed as on the basis of the preferential list formerly in force, except- ing, of course, munition plants. All coal thus diverted would be billed at the Government maximum prices. Third. That the Secretary of War at once issue orders to prevent interference with the production of coal by those who choose to work and with the distribution by agents of the Fuel Administration. Sincerely, yours, H. A. Garfield. The letter of October 29 to Mr. Hines was read at the meeting of the Cabinet on the morning of October 30, which was attended by Mr. Hines and Mr. Garfield. The resigna.tion of the latter was not accepted. By order of .the President, Government maximum prices were restored and the Fuel Administrator authorized to make such rules or regulations relating to the production, sale, shipment, distribution, apportionment, storage, or use of bituminous coal and lignite as in his judgment should seem necessary.' Offices were opened in the northwest corner of the first floor of the Fuel Administration Building. The work of the Administrative Depart- ment, in so far as it was not performed by volunteers, and the distribution of coal was carried on by the Railroad Administration under general orders issued by the Fuel Administrator. The following persons responded to caU and constituted the office force during the period October 26 to December 13 : Cyrus Garnsey, jr.. Assistant Fuel Administrator; R. V. Norris and James A. AUport, engineers; F. E. Harkness, counsel; W. H. Power, disbursing officer; Helen M. Netherwood, secretary; Margaret Matheson, Virginia H. Boody, Irma Ericsson, Dorothy L. Brown, and Stella H. Netherwood, stenographers; Mary H. Watson and Clayton E. Ware, file clerks; and Edward F. Faul, messenger. The principal demands of the mine workers which precipitated the crisis in October, 1919, were stmimed up by Acting President John L. Lewis, President of the United Mine Workers of America, as foUows : 1. That there be a 60 per cent increase upon all classifications by day labor, tonnage, yardage, and daywork in the Central Competi- tive Field. That, of course, carries with it that the basis of understanding reached in the Central Competitive Field on the part of the mine workers would be satisfactory in all outlying coal-producing districts. 2. That a six:-hour day, five days per week, be established. 3. That the day labor be paid time and a half for overtime and double time for Sundays and holdiays. ; General Orders, Regulations and Eulings, p. 23. FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. 17 4. That pay days shall be upon a weekly basis. 5. That the double shift of work on coal for commercial tonnage be abolished. 6. That the automatic penalty clause be abolished. 7. That the internal differences not covered by interstate joint agreement shall be referred back to the respective districts for adjust- ment. 8. That any contract negotiated be effective from and after November 1, 1919, to run for a period of two years from that date. The most serious, from the standpoint of the pubhc, was the demand for a 60 per cent increase in wages. The operators and mine workers faUing to agree, a strike was called. On the 1st of October there was an almost complete shutdown of mines except in the nonimion districts. Only about one-fourth of the normal produc- tion remained. The Secretary of Labor called a conference of operators and mine workers, which met at Wash- ington on the 14th of November. Two days before, the Fuel Administrator, who had returned to Williamstown, received the following telegram: Washington, D. C, November IZ, 1919. Dr. H. A. Gartield, Williams College, Williamstown, Mass. I have called a conference of operators and miners to meet me in the auditorium of the new Interior Building, Washington, 11 o 'clock Friday morning November 14, 1919. I have been assured by the representatives of the operators and miners that they will be present for the purpose of negotiating a base of settlement. It was the unanimous judgment of the Cabinet that you should be present and par- ticipate in the conference. I shall be glad to have you with us at that time. W. B. Wilson, Secretary of Labor. Responding to this request, the Fuel Administrator returned to Washington and attended the conference. A deadlock having been reached, the Secretary of Labor offered a suggestion as a basis of settlement that there should be a flat increase in mine rates of 27.12 cents per ton, a flat increase in day wages of 1.58 cents, and an increase in yardage and deadwork of 31.61 per cent. This apparently was acceptable to the mineworkers and operators, provided the increase could be passed on to the public. The Fuel Administrator meanwhile had reached the conclusion that an average of 14 per cent only was justified and that there should be no increase of price to the pubhc. On the 24th of November, 1919, the Fuel Administrator met the conference of operators and mine workers of the Central Competitive Field and announced the following principles which he said were governing him and his associates in dealing with the situation. (1) The public must not be asked to pay more than it is now paying for coal unless it is necessary to do so in order to provide reason- able wages to the mine workers and a reasonable profit to the operators. (2) The arrangement entered into between the operators, the mine workers, and the Fuel Administrator, with the sanction of the President of the United States in October, 1917, was intended to equalize the wages of all classes of mine workers and to be sufficient to cover the period of the war, but not beyond March 31, 1920; hence the only increase in cost of living which can now be considered is the increase above that provided for by the average increase in 1917; that is to say, the average total increase in pay over the 1913 base, which was the base considered in 1917, should not exceed the present average increase in the cost of living over the same base. It is also to be considered that the cost of living will fall rather than rise during the next few years. (3) The maximum prices fixed by the Government on coal were calculated to increase production of coal for war purposes. Coal was basic and the increase imperative. The public ought not to be asked to pay and will not now pay the increase over normal profits then allowed for the purpose of stimulating production. (4) Any increases in wages now arrived at on the basis of the foregoing principles should be borne by the operators or the public, or both, as may be determined by the application of these principles, and should take effect as of the date when the men return to work. (5) The needs of the United States are not alone to be considered; Europe is in desperate need of coal and should have all that we can spare. Again on the evening of the 26th of November the Fuel Administrator met the conference and made the following announcement: On the 24th instant I announced that the public must not be asked to pay more than it is now paying for coal, unless it is necessary to do so in order to provide reasonable wages to the mine workers and a reasonable profit to the operators. Careful investigation forces me to the conclusion that, in accordance with this and the other principles set forth on the 24th instant, the public ought not to be required to pay any increase in coal prices at this time. The prices fixed by the Government on coal were calculated to increase production for war purposes. Coal was basic and the increase in production was imperative. The operators are now ip receipt of margins which were necessary to effect that increase of production, but which are larger than are required under present conditions. It was estimated that the production needed for 1918 was 600,000,000 tons. The estimate for 1919 is 500,000,000 tons. Applying the principles set forth in paragraph 2 of the statement of November 24, when the average increases in wages since 1913 for the various classes of mine workers are deducted from the increase in the cost of living since that time, we arrive at the amount of addi- tional increase in wages justifiable at the present time. I have taken the figures of the Bureau of Labor Statistics for both cost of living and for the weighted average of wage increases. According to these figures the cost of living has risen 79.8 per cent since 1913 and the amount necessary to bring the average wages of mine workers up to this point at the present time is 14 per cent. 122600—21 2 18 FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL, ADMINISTRATOR. Readjustments heretofore made since 1913 were such as to give certain classes of mine workers an average increase in excess of the increase in the cost of living and certain others an average increase below the increase in the cost of living. This form of adjustment was made in order to establish or preserve certain relative bases in the mining industry. I do not think this condition, however, ought to result in giving to mine workers as a whole, and in consequence imposing upon the public a total average increase in excess of the total average increase in the cost of living, because if this course be adopted the result would be that the total increased burden placed upon the mining industry will be far in excess of the increase in the cost of living. If this principle were applied in industries generally, it is obvious that the resulting cost would be passed along to the general public and the increased wages would increase in a rapid spiral, taking as a minimum the percentage of increase in the cost of living. In the long run this would add many new and serious burdens to the cost of living of the entire public and would fall more injuriously upon the working classes than upon any others. It seems to me that the reasonable way to deal with this situation is to give to the industry as a whole an average increase commen- surate with the increase in the cost of living and then let that amount of increase be apportioned in accordance with the wage bases that are acceptable to the employers and the employees. Control of prices by the Government will be maintained for the present. The present negotiation stands by itself, but it is far from disposing of the fundamental controversy between operators and mine workers. That controversy is bound to be a continuing one as matters now stand. It involves living conditions and conditions in the mines, as well as wages and profits, and the general relation between operators and mine workers. Therefore, to aid in applying the principles which have governed us and which should govern in reaching conclusions in the future, it is urged that a permanent consultative body, with purely advisory powers, be set up consisting of the Secretary of the Interior as chairman and of an equal number of representatives of the operators and of the mine workers, chosen in such manner as they may each determine from time to time. . In order that the data neces- sary for the consideration of this consultative body may at all times be available, it is urged that the Congress make provision for collecting definite and trustworthy information concerning the coal and coke industry and for the tabulation of the same in quarterly reports showing: (1) Production, distribution, storage, and stocks of coal and coke; (2) The cost of production and distribution and of maintaining suitable stocks, and any other data concerning the industry deemed necessary; (3) The cost of living in the several coal fields; (4) The selling prices and profits obtained by the operators, middlemen, and retail dealers; (5) Export requirements and the conditions limiting them. The settlement of the present controversy on the wage and price basis above indicated must be considered in the light of the proposal to set up this permanent, consultative body. While it will not have powers of decision, it will hardly seem possible to a reasonable man that in the light of its conclusions demands for exorbitant profits or unreasonable wages can be successfully maintained, or that conditions unfavorable to the American standard of living will be tolerated. The proceedings of this last conference were introduced in full by Senator Frelinghuysen, chairman of the subconunittee on Interstate Comnierce, at the hearings on increased price of coal, December 13, 1919. The argimients presented by the Fuel Administrator at the Cabinet meetings were summed up in the follow- ing memorandum, handed to Attorney General Palmer on the 5th of December for presentation to the President: The increase in the cost of living since 1913 has been 79.8 per cent. The wages of the several groups o'f bituminous mine workers have been increased since 1913 as follows: Per cent. 1. Machine miners, leaders, and cutters 56. 1 2. Pick miners 34. 8 3. Tracklayers 81. 3 4. Pipemen 77. 5. Trappers (boys) 100. 8 6. Tracklayers, cagers, drivers, trip runners, haulers, timbermen, wiremen, and motormen 76. 1 Weighted average of all mine workers 57. 6 The mine workers receiving the lowest total annual wage are found among the last four groups. It will be observed that the increase of wages of the mine workers in groups 3, 4, and 6 (excluding boys) already substantially equals the increased cost of living. The average wage of the lowest paid group, except boys, is about $950 per annum, that is, nearly $80 per month for 12 months, working, however, only about 200 days in the year. These are unskilled day laborers. The similar class of laborers on the railroads receive about $900 per annum, working about 300 days in the year. 14 per cent added to the average increase of wages above shown (57.6 per cent) will bring the average wages of mine workers as a whole up to the percentage of increase in cost of living (79.8 per cent) without doing substantial injustice to those at present receiving the smallest annual wage. It is necessary as a practical matter to preserve the present wage differentials, that is to say, neither the mine workers nor the operators would be content to bring each of the six groups above named to 79.8 per cent. If Secretary Wilson's proposal is followed, namely, to bring the pick miners up to 79.8 per cent, and all others by the same per cent of increase, thus preserving the age differential, the average wages of the mine workers would be advanced 107 per cent, or $238,000,000, as against $107,000,000, if the average wages are increased 14 per cent. There is here presented a difference in principle which is of fundamental importance, namely, that the public ought not to be asked to pay more for its fuel than is necessary to bring the average wages of labor up to a point sufficient to cover increased cost of living, when, as in the present case, the wages of the lowest paid group furnish them a livelihood and place them on a parity with laborers of corre- sponding groups in other industries. I am satisfied that the operators can absorb this 14 per cent increase. If they are willing to agree to pay more, they are of course free to do so, but they should not be permitted to load any part of it on the public now or hereafter. FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. 19 That the Attorney General understood clearly the differences between the Secretary of Labor and the Fuel Administrator is evidenced by the following draft of telegram produced by him at the hearing on Decem- ber 19 before the Senate subcommittee on Interstate Commerce dealing with the increased price of coal : William Green: Secretary-Treasurer, United Mine Workers of America, Indianapolis, Indiana. I am authorized by the members of the Cabinet, to whom you addressed identical telegrams under date of December 2, to reply as follows: You seem to be under a misapprehension as to just what has occurred. The Cabinet has not authorized either Secretary Wilson or Dr. Garfield to fix a scale of wages. The leaders of the mine workers having declared they would obey the injunction issued at the instance of the United States and would not fight their Government, the Cabinet suggested to Secretary Wilson that the miners and operators be invited to Washington for further negotiation with a view to a settlement of difference. The suggestion made by Secretary Wilson was to the efiect that a Z\^^ per cent increase would bring the wages of every miner to a point which would compensate for the increased cost of living, but because based on the wages of those lowest in the scale it would result in an increase to about two-thirds of the miners much in advance of the increased cost of living. Dr. Garfield merely stated the fact that it would require an average increase of 14 per cent to all miners to bring, the average wage of the miners up to the point of the increased cost of living. Dr. Garfield stated this fact in order to justify the announcement that the price of coal would not be increased. The Cabinet did not decide that the wages should be increased either 31t% per cent, as suggested by Sec- retary Wilson, or 14 per cent, as suggested by Dr. Garfield. The only thing definitely agreed to by the Cabinet was that in the light of present information the public should not be required to pay more for fuel than is now charged. The question of a wage scale was left open for settlement between the operators and miners in any way they should see fit, subject only to the requirement that whatever in- crease should be made must be absorbed by the operators and not be reflected in an additional price for fuel. Under these circumstances, it is hard to understand why you should think the Cabinet has repudiated the Secretary of Labor. You have overlooked a very important part of Dr. Garfield 's proposal, which is the creation of a body with advisory powers charged with the duty of investigating the entire subject and the assembling, by congressional authority, of definite and trustworthy information concerning all aspects of coal production. The immediate solution is for the miners to return to work with an increase in wages which would compensate for the increased cost of living, but without additional burden to the public. The permanent solution lies in the consultative body suggested by Dr. Garfield or a similar tribunal organized for the purpose of assembling definite information. What valid objection can there be to such a course? It would insure immediate work for miners at an increased wage, offer opportunity for final peaceful solution of the whole problem, relieve the people from the distress which your strike will cause, and prove that you meant what you said when you signified your intention not to fight the Government. I am sure you understand that the law must be enforced regardless of the consequences. The safety of the EepubUc depends upon the respect for and the enforcement of the law. You and your associates should certainly recognize this funda- mental fact. You should prove your recognition of it by the prompt resumption of operations in the mines, the way being open for final settlement through peaceful processes as herein suggested. This telegram, which had been prepared for transmission, was not sent, according to the testimony of the Attorney General, because he learned on the afternoon of December 5 that Mr. Green was on his way to Wash- ington to see him. Messrs. Lewis and Green reached Washington on Saturday December 6 and were in conference with the Attorney General and Mr. Tumulty that afternoon and night. The whole aspect of the case was changed from that time forth. The settlement that was made was contrary to the principles laid down by the Fuel Admin- istrator. He at no time conunmiicated directly or indirectly with Messrs. Lewis and Green, nor did he give assent to the settlement made. On the contrary, he protested instantly and insistently against the settle- ment as contrary to sound principle. His attitude and so much of the matter as has been inade public is set forth in the hearings on increased price of coal before the Senate subcommittee on Interstate Commerce, Decem- ber 13 and 19, 1919. It is therefore unnecessary to burden this report with even a recapitulation of events on and after December 6. The Fuel Administrator's resignation was accepted December 13, 1919. II. ACTIVITIES OF THE FUEL ADMINISTRATION. FINANCIAL SAVING. The wisdom of the expenditure of public funds must always be judged by the results obtained. It should be obvious that the expenditure of $5,000 may be an extravagance and the disbursement of $5,000,000 an economy, though this simple proposition seems to have eluded the understanding of a great many people, public servants included. The Fuel Administration may have been built up with careful attention to the public interest, both with regard to the expenditure of money and the exercise of the unusual powers committed to it, and yet it remains to be proved that the outlay was justified. I propose, therefore, briefly to review the things done by the Administration. They^re set forth in detail in the remaining volumes of this report. There are several ways of measuring the results, but whether in terms of dollars saved or coal produced I think the answer conclusively demonstrates the necessity of Government supervision of the industry during the war and of the exercise of the restraining powers for which provision was made under the Lever Act.^ 20 FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. It will be recalled that the House of Representatives expressed concern over the fuel-supply question in 1916. On the 18th of August, 1916, the Eainey resolution* was adopted, directing the Federal Trade Commis- sion to make immediate inquiry concerning the production and distribution of bituminous coal. This investi- gation and report was the forerunner of the Lever bill. The coal situation in the United States became acute in the summer of 1917. The war demands, already great before the United States entered the war, created an unprecedented demand. By June, 1917, the price of bituminous coal, Pittsburgh run of mine, had risen to $6 per ton (2,000 pounds) f. o. b. cars Cincinnati. The situation received the attention of the Federal Trade Commission. It undertook to secure lower prices by agreement with the operators and required weekly reports of orders and prices. About the middle of the month the Navy Department fixed a maximum price of $2.95 at the mine for Navy coal. The situation had become so acute that a conference was called the latter part of June, participated in by operators from all parts of the country and by certain members of the Cabinet and of the Council of National Defense. This resulted in the so-called "Lane-Peabody adjustment," effective July 1, 1917. This arrangement was purely voluntary, and the prices agreed upon for bituminous coal were $3 for run of mine and $3.50 for prepared sizes, a reduction of 50 cents per ton being agreed upon for Government coal, the prices named being for coal at the mouth of the mines and measured in short tons. The reduction of 50 cents a ton for Government coal had been arranged about two months earlier with the anthracite operators. About the middle of July the coal production committee of the Council of National Defense announced a pooling arrange- ment soon to be put into operation at New York, Philadelphia, Hampton Eoads, and Baltimore. The mine operators also agreed to the allotment of contracts for coal for Government use. Toward the end of the month, operators from 19 States, at a meeting called by Mr. Peabody, accepted the arrangement for the distribution of Government coal, although no price appears to have been set. On the 21st of August, Judge Lovett, admin- istrator of priority shipments, issued an order which directed railroads and lake carriers to give preference to fuel and cargoes destined to upper lake ports. These, briefly, are the events prior to the action of President Wilson in establishing maximum prices and the appointment of the United States Fuel Administrator. Three things are especially noteworthy with reference to the foregoing arrangements: (1) That demand had outrun supply; (2) that certain operators, apparently failing to recognize the emergency character of the demand, ran the prices up to unjustifiably high figures; (3) an attempt was made to reach an adjustment by voluntary methods. In the opinion of some of the Government officials, the Lane-Peabody prices, although considerably below the then prevailing prices, were still too high. A controversy^ followed, with the result that prices were fixed by the President. These prices, with the adjustments thereafter made by the Fuel Admin- istrator, were 38.8 cents per ton less than the Lane-Peabody prices. From the date of the imposition of Government »maximum prices August 21, 1917, until their suspension, February 1, 1919, there were produced 806,000,000 tons of bituminous coal. At 38.8 cents per ton there was thus a saving to consumers of $312,728,000. Under the circumstances we could ill have afforded to save even so important an amount as this if the production of coal had been retarded thereby. It will be recalled that when the President's maximum prices were announced it was predicted that they would retard production. This might have been true had the prices been imposed without expectation of reconsideration. But the President announced at the time of the appoint- ment of the Fuel Administrator that the prices were fixed tentatively and that the Fuel Administrator was directed and empowered to investigate the price question, making such adjustments as the facts seemed to warrant. BITUMINOUS COAL. Immediately after the promulgation of maximum prices by the President the production of coal rose sharply. The report for the calendar year 1916 was 502,520,000 tons. This was exceeded by 49,261,000 tons for the calendar year 1917 and by 76,866,000 tons in 1918. At the time of the armistice the industry was producing bituminous coal at the rate of more than 12,000,000 tons per week, the maximum exceeding 13,000,000. The exigencies of war gave rise to a demand that so far outran production, in spite of the enormous increase, that there was virtually a shortage of coal at all ,times during the war until after the signing of the armistice. The amount produced was greater than ever before in the history of the world. In the case of every other country the amount of coal produced fell off after its entrance into the war. With fewer and less experienced men the United States produced more coal during the year 1918 than it had ever produced before. A comparison of the 8 House Document 352, Aug. 18, 1916. FINAL REPOET OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL. ADMINISTRATOR, 21 amount produced per man per annum and of the total production by months clearly demonstrates this statement." ° Annual and daily coal prodiiction per man employed underground."' \Xn tons of 2,000 pounds.] ANNUAL PKODUCTION PEE MAN EMPLOYED UNDEEGROUND. Year. United States, anthra- cite.'' United States, bitumi- nous.c New- South Wales. Nova Scotia. Great Britain. Prussia (stein- kohle). France. Austria (stein- kohle). Belgium. Japan. 1911 677 622 688 654 640 691 817 861 845 946 966 833 912 1,051 1,096 1,151 763 834 820 770 775 727 728 814 696 717 729 657 680 810 778 718 371 348 371 341 393 377 359 337 381 411 422 389 447 459 436 409 300 312 307 308 333 329 328 350 351 278 259 244 240 238 200 182 211 218 207 178 1912 . 189 1913 182 1914 179 1915 156 1916 170 1917 155 1918 DAILY PEODUCTION PEE MAN EMPLOYED UNDEEGEOUND. 1911 2.75 2.69 2.67 2.67 2.78 2.73 2.88 2.94 4.01 4.24 4.16 4.28 4.49 4.57 4.51 4.62 3.69 3.50 3.63 3.29 3.95 3.89 3.66 4.07 2.48 2.56 2.53 2.54 3.35 2.80 2.72 2.50 1.36 1.22 1.28 1.25 1.36 1.28 1.26 1.19 1.29 1.30 1.32 1.26 1.06 1.08 1.08 1.07 .94 1.01 .96 .91 1.13 1.21 0.82 .82 .80 .76 .75 .75 .73 .72 0.77 1912 .80 1913 .83 1914 .79 1915 _ 76 1916 .76 1917 72 1918 o Taken from " A Miner's Yearly and Daily Output of Coal," hy W. W. Adams, Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior, except for the United States, data for which were supplied by the United States Geological Survey. I" Excludes dredge, washery, and stripping operations. To do this it was necessary to make certain estimates of the quantity of strip-pit coal in the years 1911 to 1914, inclusive. The possible error introduced by these estimates is negligible. c Excludes stripping operations, to do which it was necessary to estimate the output of strip-pit coal in the years 1911 to 1913, inclusive. The possible error introduced by these estimates is negligible. Monthly production of coal in certain countries, 1913-1920. [Based chiefly on Monthly Bulletin of Statistics of the Supreme Economic Council. Data for 1919 and 1920 provisional. Figures represent thousands of metric tona.o] Period. Anthra- cite. United States. Bitumi- nous. Canada. Total. United King- dom.'' France.i: Bel- gium. Netherlands. Coal.'l Lignite. Germany. Coal." Lignite. Austria./ Coal. Lignite. Czechoslovakia.^ Coal. Lignite. Monthly average: 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1919: January February March April May June July August September October November December 1920: January February March April May June July Ai]^ust Septemlier October November Decemljer 6,919 6,866 6,728 6,621 7,531 7,472 6,660 6,736 7,093 4,628 4,708 6,245 6,827 6,717 7,234 7,345 6,798 7,843 7,140 7,338 6,872 5,908 7,117 5,637 7,208 7,401 7,482 7,269 4,208 7,308 6,760 7,669 36,169 31,955 33,461 37,990 41,715 43,800 34,629 42,075 37,636 28,636 30,589 29,179 34,062 33,615 38,735 38,903 43,002 51,022 16,953 33,214 44,170 36,451 42,485 34,418 35,374 40,926 40,831 44,370 44,608 47,304 46,681 47,285 43,088 38,822 40,190 44,611 49,245 51,272 41,288 48,811 44,729 33,264 35,297 35,424 40,889 40,332 45,969 46,248 49,800 58,865 24,093 40,552 51,042 42,359 49,602 40,055 42,582 48,327 48,313 51,639 48,816 54,612 53,4.31 54,954 1,135 1,031 1,003 1,095 1,062 1,133 1,052 1,283 1,214 1,031 1,145 947 864 566 622 753 1,159 1,421 1,428 1,477 1,456 1,187 1,188 1,078 1,060 1,225 1,202 1,243 1,310 1,285 1,580 1,580 24,342 22,499 21,443 21,711 21,044 19,286 19,458 19,414 19,779 19,725 20,515 19,368 22,066 18,525 17,859 16,175 19,192 19,686 20,111 20,476 20,730 19,690 21,778 19,973 18,593 20,899 20,829 18,797 20,704 11,053 17,876 22,053 '13,404 2,294 1,628 1,776 2,410 2,188 • 1,862 i2,974 ••2,473 i2,244 i2,125 i 1,745 • 1,733 • 858 (1,430 i 1,782 • 1,838 <2,065 •.1,982 • 2,066 i2,927 12,nb i2,380 /2,553 i2,766 ./3,065 / 3, 218 ;3,074 /3,213 ^3,283 ^3,171 ^3,317 1-,911 1,393 1,181 1,405 1,243 1,152 1,541 1,868 1,233 1,269 1,426 1,494 1,572 1,456 1,659 1,573 1,685 1,885 1,692 1,549 1,870 1,684 2,005 1,901 1,737 1,887 1,911 1,856 1,909 1,967 1,634 2,052 156 161 189 221 251 283 283 328 270 283 270 290 262 305 282 276 304 278 299 307 274 312 295 288 320 349 347 3.57 367 358 367 4 124 157 116 221 145 237 244 165 112 86 145 141 114 86 128 130 120 132 125 111 119 121 92 128 96 124 14,383 12,331 11,340 12,281 12,822 12,301 8,974 10,946 4 8,832 *8,389 *9,299 15,091 18,824 19,109 S9,918 18,840 19,902 1 10, 512 19,543 19,936 10,329 10, 157 10, 146 10,035 10,224 11,008 11,509 10,788 11,550 11,870 11,814 11,926 7,260 6,996 7,364 7,861 7,963 8,389 7,817 7,180 6,450 7,420 7,450 7,920 7,120 8,490 8,190 8,340 9,050 7,970 8,240 8,643 8,426 7,902 8,900 8,705 9,572 9,235 9,651 10, 103 10,493 9,839 10, 110 222 200 207 209 184 172 166 199 149 146 156 169 165 156 171 170 175 173 168 189 188 181 212 181 182 181 209 200 211 217 214 212 1,186 1,135 1,206 No data. No data. No data. 865 928 No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. data, data, data, data, data, data, data, data, data, data, data, data. 1,918 1,651 1,512 No data. No data. No data. 1,426 1,641 No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data. r r " A metric ton is equivalent to 2,205 pounds, or about the same as a gross ton. i The.monthly figures for 1919 and 1920 are estimated from statistics of weekly production published by the British Government. cincludes small production of lignite. , i Excludes refuse. « Includes output of the Ruhr, Upper and Lower Silesian, Saxon, and Aix districts. Excludes Alsace-Lorraine and the Saar. / Statistics represent production of^what is now tlie Austrian Republic. The bulk of the coal production of the former Kingdom of Austria came from the provinces of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia, which are now part of Czechoslovakia. Statistics represent production of what is now Czechoslovak Republic, formerly part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. » The figures of 3,404,000 tons here given is the average monthly output of France in 1913. In that year the monthly output of Alsace-Lorraine averaged 780,000 tons and that of the Saar district (including the Palatinate) 1,101,000 tons. The monthly output of France plus Alsace-Lorraine was thus 4,184,000 tons, and the combined output of France, Alsace-Lorraine, and the &iar was 5,285,000 toUs. < Includes Alsace-Lorraine. i Includes Alsace-Lorraine and the Saar. The average monthly output of France in 1920 excluding the Saar and including Alsace-Lorraine was 2,106,000 tons, the details month by month being as follows: January, 2,200,000 tons; February, 1,973,000 tons; March, 1,541,000 tons; April, 1,817,000 tons; May, 1,056,000 tons; June, 2,301,000 fons; July, 2,358,000 tons; August, 2,371,000 tons; September, 2,403,000 tons; October, 2,436,000 tons; November, 2,374,000 tons; and December, 2,444,000 tons, * To be revised. 22 FIBTAI. BEPOKT 01" THE UNITED STATES FUEL, ADMINISTKATOB. The increased production per man in the United States after our entrance into the war is attributable in large degree to the work of the Production Bureau of the Fuel Administration. But obviously no effort on the part of any body of men at Washington would have increased the production of coal had there not existed a cordial spirit of cooperation between the Government agency on the one hand and the industry on the other, and between the two arms of industry, the mine workers and the operators. In the following table the comparison of the monthly tonnage for the years 1916-20, inclusive, furnished by the United States Geological Survey, clearly indicated the response which the industry made to the increased demands of the war period. Monthly production of bituminous coal in the United States, 1916-19^0. [Net tons.] Month. .January . . February March April May June JuJy 1916 46, .593, 000 45, 187, 000 43, 827, 000 33, 628, 000 38, 804, 000 37, 742, 000 38, 113, 000 1917 47, 967, 000 41, 353, 000 47, 869, 000 41, 854, 000 47,086,000 46, 824, 000 46, 292, 000 1918 42, 227, 000 43,777,000 48, 113, 000 46, 041, 000 50, 443, 000 51,138,000 54, 971, 000 1919 41, 487, 000 31, 566, 000 33, 719, 000 32,164,000 37, 547, 000 ,37,054,000 42,698,000 1920 48, 689, 000 40, 181, 000 46, 832, 000 37, 939, 000 38, 993, 000 45, 114, 000 45, 009, 000 Month. August September. October... November. December . Total 1916 42, 696, 000 42, 098, 000 44, 807, 000 44, 927, 000 44, 098, 000 502,520,000 1917 47, 372, 000 45, 108, 000 48, 337, 000 47, 690, 000 44, 037, 000 551, 789, 000 55, 114, 000 51, 183, 000 52, 300, 000 43, 896, 000 40, 184, 000 579, 386, 000 42, 883, 000 47, 402, 000 ,56, 243, 000 18, 688, 000 36, 612, 000 458, 063, 000 1920 48,910,000 49, 172, 000 52, 144, 000 51, 457, 000 52, 123, 000 556, 563, 000 ANTHRACITE. The bituminous coal supply was the most pressing problem at the time of the setting up of the Fuel Admin- istration. The increased and increasing demands by the manufacturers and the railroads due to the placing of orders for munitions created a situation of the utmost dif&culty. Anthracite is chiefly a fuel for domestic consumption, and therefore felt the pressure of demand much less. Fiu-thermore, the industry itself was much better organized. This was partly due to the fact that the anthracite territory is compact and the deposits much more uniform than bituminous coal in character and quality. Also the Government had since 1902 given close attention to the anthracite supply, and finally record amounts had been produced in March, June, and August. Influenced by these factors the consideration of anthracite was postponed until a beginning had been made looking to the increase in production of bituminous coal. But anthracite was under observation from the beginning, James B. Neale, adviser in that field, having been chosen early. His services began September 28, 1917. That there was no immediate problem in anthracite, so far as tonnage was concerned, will be evident from the following table : Monthly and cumulative production of anthracite in the United States, 1913-19t0. [Net tons of 2,000 pounds.] Monthly. January February. . . March April May June July August September. October November; . December.. Total for year 91,525,000 8,396,000 7,519,000 6,505,000 7,906,000 7,946,000 7, 911, 000 7, 272, 000 7, 116, 000 7,384,000 8,399,000 7, 668, 000 7,504,000 1914 6,878,000 5,477,000 6,863,000 8,069,000 8, 348, 000 8,147,000 7, 165, 000 7,288,000 8,301,000 8, 830, 000 7,878,000 7, 678, 000 90,822,000 6,337,000 6,703,000 6,654,000 8,726,000 7,807,000 7,157^000 6,691,000 7,161,000 7^423,000 8,761,000 8,514,000 8,062,000 88,995,000 7,649,000 7,404,000 7,964,000 6,887,000 7,212,000 7,327,000 7,062,000 7,190,000 7, 206, 000 7,630,000 7,790,000 7,257,000 87,578,000 1917 672,000 688, 000 026,000 222, 000 933, 000 103, 000 684, 000 058,000 230, 000 183,000 453,000 360,000 1918 7, 270, 000 7,494,000 9,382,000 8,211,000 8,880,000 8, 8S5, 000 9,134,000 9,258,000 8,038,000 8,105,000 6, 803, 000 7,396,000 1919 99,612,000 98,826,000 7,819,000 5,102,000 5,190,000 6,884,000 7,625,000 7^404,000 7,974,000 8,096,000 7,494,000 8,645,000 7,870,000 8,089,000 88,092,000 The chief question, so far as the mining of anthracite was concerned, arose from the withdrawal of mine workers in response to the draft and, to an extent, to secure the higher wages offered by the manufacturers of munitions of war. But credit must be given to the vast majority of the anthracite mine workers who, respond- ing to the appeal of the Production Bureau, remained at the mines. A difficulty presented itself in the anthracite field from which the bituminous operators were for the most part free. Under the law of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania a worker in the mines must secure a license based upon an apprenticeship of two years before he is permitted to become technically a miner. This provision made it difficult quickly to replace the skilled mine workers in the anthracite field. In spite of this handicap the production increased throughout the war, largely through cffloperation of the industry with the Fuel Administration, and especially under the direction and influence of the committee appointed to facilitate the apportionment and distribution of anthracite March 5, 1918,^° and composed of Joseph B. Dickson, S. D. Warriner, and W. J. Richards. »» General Orders, Regulations, and Rulings oftbe ymted States FueJAdrointetration, p, 61, FINAL. REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. 23 COKE. Coke is an essential product in the manufacture of steel. It is made from bituminous coal by extracting certain elements. But not aU bituminous coal is of coking quality. The best coking coals are found in the Connellsville region, southwestern Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and a few other comparatively restricted terri- tories. One of the great problems of the fuel industry is to discover a process by which other grades of bituminous coal can be properly coked. In the old-fashioned beehive coke ovens the gases and other by-products were thrown off — that is, wasted— the coke only remaining. Now, however, the by-product coke oven, as its name implies, saves the very valuable products which were formerly thrown away. The rapid increase in production of by-product as compared with beehive-oven coke during recent years is shown in the table of coke produced in the United States, Report of Distribution, Part I, page 67. The manufacture of coke and its by-products is of first-rate importance in time of war because of the use of coke in the manufacture of steel for plates and shells and the vast variety of parts of almost every kind of implement connected with war, and also because of the direct value of many of the by-products in the manu- facture of munitions. The demand for coal as a fuel was so great, however, that all kinds of coal were being sold for fuel. As will be shownlater, it became necessary to disregard quality in fixing the price of coal, a pro- cedure strictly imeconomic but necessary under the circumstances. Coking coal was therefore disappearing in the furnaces of the manufactiu-er and in the fire boxes of locomotives. It became necessary promptly to deal with the coke situation. The War Industries Board had the matter under consideration at the time the Fuel Administration was set up and had secured an order from the President fixing a price differential on coke. As soon as possible a coke adviser was secured. Warren S. Blauvelt was chosen and began his service on the 10th day of November, 1917. The orders which were issued from time to time affecting the price of coke and its distribution will be foimd in the General Orders, Regulations, and Rulings of the Fuel Administration, and in the Report of the Distribution Division, Part I. In many places coke had for years been used as a fuel for domestic purposes. The rule touching prices and distribution, the aim of which obviously was to provide a necessary and sufficient quantity of coke for the furnaces producing steel for munitions and war supplies, interfered with the domestic use of coke and was the subject of much complaint in certain quarters, particularly in Indiana and Michigan. I am, however, satisfied that the hardship was inevitably connected with the war demands and that credit is due to Mr. Blauvelt and his associates for the results obtained under their direction. The report of the Coke Bureau " contains a ftill accoimt of the activities of the Administration in respect to this important product during the war and much valuable information concerning the industry. OIL. The last of the general problems taken imder consideration was the production and distribution of oil. Like anthracite, this industry had been well organized and under Government observation for many years. Fuel oil was included among the products covered by the Lever Act, but there was no provision authorizing the fixing of maximum prices for oil as in the case of coal. From the begiiming I had taken coimsel with Mark L. Requa, of California, concerning oil. He was one of the group of volunteers who came to the aid of Mr. Hoover in building up the Food Administration, and I had known him in this relation since June, 1917. He came over to the Fuel Administration on the 10th day of January, 1918, as a volunteer and served until the end. Mr. Requa's report renders further comment upon the production, conservation, and distribution of crude oil and its products unnecessary. The proclama- tions of the President and the several orders issued will be found in the General Orders, Regulations, and Rulings of the United States Fuel Administration, pages 579-591, and the account of the gasless Sunday request on page 34. PRICE FIXING." Most of us who were called upon to deal with the fixing of prices of commodities during the war had been trained in a school totally opposed to the principle of Government interference Avith price arrangements between buyers and sellers. We believed that the law of supply and demand was an effectual answer to price-fixing proposals, except in the case of so-called natural monopolies. Some of us, however, unwilling to accept without challenge the dogmatic statements of the economists, had for many years entertained doubts concerning the complete applicability of the law of supply and demand to conditions differing sharply from those existing when the law was formulated. " Report of Distribution Division, Part I, pp. 66-91. gee ^Iso General Ofcters, Begulations, and Rulings, index, I' Report of the Bppineers Committee, pp. 11-26, 24 FINAL EEPOET OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. When Adam Smith led the minds of his generation to substitute the laws of competition for the laws of the land in regulating trade, conditions were wholly different from those which obtain to-day. The same is true also of the comparison of trade relations and the laws of competition at the' end of the eighteenth century, when the Constitution of the United States was framed, and the present day. The diflference lies in the charac- ter as well as the size and bulk of the competition. It was only after the introduction of machinery and the development of the factory system that private corporations became dangerous rivals of individuals and partner- ships in the field of competition. The growth of the industrial system necessitated aggregations of labor, capital, and material far beyond the experience of the men of the nineteenth century. Private corporations are the giants of our day. The law recognizes their existence and our legislatures have clothed them with powers far beyond those possible to men and partnerships. These artificial persons, these giants of industry, have been necessary agencies in the development of our industrial system, at any rate during the last 80 or 90 years. Nor is it likely that we shall discard them. But it is incumbent upon us to inquire whether their presence in the industrial and financial fields have in any way modified the application of the law of supply and demand. We can not accept the statements of the economists without challenge. At least it is open to question whether a condition approaching unfair competition is not presented when aggregations of capital are permitted to compete without restraint against men acting individ- ually and in partnership association. It is hardly sufficient to say that men and partnerships may organize as corporations. That they could have incorporated and, growing financially great, have secured possession and control of lands or material or processes essential to particular enterprises is doubtless true, but it is also true that, not having done so, in many instances they can not now secure these advantages. The question therefore arises whether the Government, which has given birth to these industrial giants, ought not to regulate their powers in such fashion as to offset or overcome advantages created by law and virtually impossible to the natural man. Men and partnerships are subject to the natural law of death and to the financial responsibilities imposed by law upon those who hold themselves out as partners or who have made themselves personally responsible to others. The corporation, on the other hand, is given an indefinite term of existence and the liability of its stockholders is limited. If death overtakes a stockholder this fact does not dissolve the corporation nor compel an accounting and settlement to determine the rights of heirs. These advantages are of enormous importance in the field of competition. The question is not whether Govern- ment ought to-day, in the light of these facts, to legislate concerning prices, for clearly there are cases in which Government must legislate, but whether under given conditions the duty of Government to act affirmatively is clear. Unquestionably . such a situation arose in the summer and fall of 1917. The demand for coal was out- running the supply. It so far outran it as to bring into the competitive field a host of new enterprises which could not in ordinary times have existed. Mines abandoned because of the high cost of production found it possible to renew operations. Virgin territory, so remote from railroads that transportation costs in normal times ate up profits otherwise possible, was able under war conditions to be operated at a profit. It is impossible at this time to say how many new mines were opened after 1916, but there were many thousands of them, each too small to be reckoned among the commercial or semicommercial producers, yet in the- aggregate adding a considerable amount to the total coal output. This was particularly true in the bituminous coal fields. The anthracite fields had for the most part been taken up, and the holders of tmdeveloped territory, perceiving the ephemeral nature of the demand, were not disposed to encourage new enterprises. No such control of bituminous coal deposits existed. Any one with capital could open up new fields or enter old territory and by the stripping process bring to market coal that theretofore had been considered of inferior quality. One would suppose that this additional activity and considerable increase in production of bituminous coal would have regulated prices under the law of supply and demand. But never before in the world's history had there been so enormous a demand. It far outran the increased supply and left the consumer at the mercy of the producer. In the presence of these circumstances there was hardly a divided opinion as to the course Government ought to pursue, and Congress incorporated in the Lever Act a special provision authorizing the imposition of maximum prices for coal. The steps taken in price fixing by the Fuel Administration are fully described in the Report of the Engineers. The principle applied in every case was so to fix the price as to secure the last necessary ton of coal from each of the several districts, having in mind the needs of our popu- lation and the demands upon us by reason of the war. It is to be observed also that the Government prices were maximum. Consumers could buy at less than the price indicated, but not for more. After the armistice the situation was watched with the utmost vigilence and as soon as prices dropped appreciably below the Government maximum in the vast majority of fields the Government prices were suspended." I' Supplement to General Orders, Eegul^tjons, and Rulings of tt? United States Fuel Administration, pp. 6 and 15. FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. 25 They were suspended from February 1, 1919, until October 30 of that year. The failure of the public to buy coal during the summer and the menace of the coal strike, which finally broke on the 1st of November, 1919, together with the fact that when the increased demand for coal returned cars were in demand for moving the crops; these factors taken together ran prices up above the Government maximum. They were therefore restored by revocation of the suspension order.'* It quickly appeared that the restoration of Government maximum prices bore with undue severity upon certain of the nonunion mining districts, which were practically the only ones in operation after November 1. Therefore on November. 12 the order of October 30 was modified. The following telegrams exchanged between Assistant Attorney General Ames and myself after my return to Williamstown explain more fully the reason for the order of November 12. Washington, D. C, January ZO, 1920. Dr. Harry A. Garfield, Williamstown, Mass.: Your order of November 12 protects prices contained in contracts prior to October 30. In your statement of November 26 you said the public ougit not to be required to pay any increase in price on account of the 14 per cent increase in wages. The operators of the Central Field accepted your proposal. It has developed that a very large percentage of the total coal output was under contract prior to October 30, and the 14 per cent advance in wages is being added under the order of November 12. Many other contracts call for an addition to the price of any increase in wages, and under these contracts the 14 per cent is being added. Please advise me by wire whether you think these additions are being properly made and any suggestions arising out of your experience. 0. B. Ames. January 21, 1920. JxnsGB C. B. Ames, Department of Justice, Washington, D. C; Order of November 12 was issued primarily to prevent reduction of production by mines continuing in operation, many of which because of wage increase during the summer, notably in the Hazard and neighboring fields, would have been compelled to shut down unless contracts made prior to October 30 were allowed to stand. I have no definite information as to prices under contracts in fields which have resumed production since November 9, but understand that large tonnage was contracted for below Government prices and that even with 14 per cent added they will still be below. This should be verified and if not confirmed order of November 12 should be modified so as to cover only cases of summer wage increases if any similar to those in Hazard Field and so as to prevent abuse of purpose of order of November 12. But great care should be taken lest necessary production be cut off. Am maihng copy of my letter of November 15 to Mr. HLnes. His letter and reply in files at Washington, but doubtless he can furnish copy. H. A. Garfield. The statement in my letter to Mr. Hines above referred to is as follows : The reason for my order of November 12 was that some of the nonunion fields, continuing to operate between the 30th of October and November 12, were producing at a positive loss under Government prices. For example, in the Hazard (Ky.) Field the Government prices February 1, 1919, were $2.55 for run of mine, $2.80 for prepared, and $2.30 for screenings. The net realizaticha for .1918 was $2.65. Several weeks ago (I think it was during the late summer) the operators in this field found that their labor was leaving them for other fields in view of the unbalanced wage scale which operated against the mine workers in the Hazard Field. An increase was, therefore, allowed to labor estimated at 25 cents per ton. That the Railroad Administration recognized the situation may be inferred from the fact that25centswa8addedbyyour Administration to the purchase price, stated to be $5.25 of the L. andN. B. R. Co.'s coal. If I am correctly informed, this allowance was made on November 4 last and apphed to shipments since September 1. Permit me to call attention in passing to the significant fact that this L. and N. contract coal was 30 cents below the Government price for run of mine for this district and eSected a loss of 11 cents per ton, the average cost of production for 1918 in this district being $2.36 prior to the addition of the 26 cents due to wage increase. I am, of course, assuming, for lack of definite information, that the cost of producing coal in 1919 has been not less than for 1918. Permit me also to call attention to this important and significant fact that when the operators sell to the railroad or to other large con- sumers at or below the cost the whole burden of profit to the operator will be thrown upon the domestic consumer and the small manufac- turer, wherever this is possible, and this is what happened in the Hazard Field. After the Government prices were taken off screenings no longer sold at $2.30 per ton, but at $1.75. Contracts other than the railroad contract were made at an average of $3 per ton run of mine and $3.50 per ton prepared sizes. When, on October 30, Government prices were restored, screenings under contract were held down to $1.75 per ton; run of mine, $2.55 per ton, except where, as in the case of the contract of the L. and N. R. R., the contract price was less than that figure, and prepared sizes $2.80. The reaUzation, therefore, of coal from the Hazard Fields for the period October 30 to November 12 was $2.49, or a loss of 13 cents per ton. ********* Let me take another example, this time from the Central Pennsylvania Field. The average cost of production for the year 1918 in the Central Pennsylvania Field was $2.45 per ton. Again I assume that it has not been less for the year 1919. For the week ending November 1, this year, 2,605 cars, or 130,250 tons, were sold under contracts ranging from $2 to $4 per ton. For this period 744 cars, or 37,220 tons, were sold as spot coal at prices ranging from $2.10 to $4.25 per ton. The average price received on the contracts above referred to was $2.79 per ton, while the average price of the spot coal was $3.16 per ton. Weighing these averages, you will see that, for the week ending Novem- ber 1, the net reahzation on the above-mentioned 3,349 cars of bituminous coal was 42 cents per ton. I assume that the prices for the week ending November 1 were as high as for any week of this year. Please let me invite your attention again to the reason for the unbalanced situation here presented. It was due primarily to the fact that the large consimiers, among them, I am told, the Pennsylvania Railroad, succeeded in making contracts for coal at prices below the cost of production. The operators, in order to cover this loss and make a profit in addition, were forced to sell coal to small consumers at }< Supplement to General Orders, Regulations, and Rulings of the United States Fuel Administration, pp. 23-25. 26 • FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOB. correspondingly higher prices. Some of this coal has been sold for export, and the observations made upon diversion of the southern export coal applies also to this field. The condition in several of the other fields is substantially hke that in the Hazard (Ky.) Field. Are we not boimd to take account of available production in the present crisis? The Government's position will be seriously weakened if we do not meet this situation. If, in other words, the Attorney General finds that the operators in any field are not resimiing production, we must give them no excuse on the plea that we are asking them to produce at a loss. Government maximum prices remained in force and effect until the 1st of April, 1920. The Executive order suspending them was signed by the President March 19, 1920, and will be found on page 30 of the Supple- ment to the General Orders, Regulations, and Rulings of the United States Fuel Administration. CONSUMER'S STOCKS OF COAL. On October 1, 1917, the total commercial stocks of bituminous coal in the hands of consumers throughout the country was approximately .28,000,000 tons. It was reaUzed that this amount was an insufficient reserve in the face of the war demand, but what constituted a normal reserve for the country was not known. Statistics were not available. Prior to 1917 there was no demand for the information, the fact being that for many years with certain well-defined and easily explained exceptions the supply of coal throughout the country was ample. Suddenly the burden was shifted from the seller to the buyer, and something like a consumer's panic ensued. The Geological Survey had furnished much admirable data, especially in its report for the year 1915, but current data was lacking. To secure it required a larger force and far greater expense than the Government had ever contemplated as reasonable. Through the courtesy of the Secretary of Interior, C. El Lesher and six of his associates were virtually loaned to the Fuel Administration by the Geological Survey.^' The Survey had the technical training, but no funds sufficient for the work. The Fuel Administration had funds, but lacked men of technical training in this particular field of statistics. The combination proved a most fortunate one for the object sought. One can not read the account of the organization and development of the Bureau of Statistics of the Fuel Administration'" without appreciating the character and excellent quality of the service rendered. The six members of the Bureau became 600. The most approved types of machines for computing and tabulating statistics were installed. Each week before going to the meeting at the White House the Fuel Administrator received from Mr. Lesher a brief report showing stocks of anthracite, bituminous coal, and coke on hand throughout the country. This information was compiled from reports of nearly 90,000 consumers and dealers. About 33,000 reports were handled each week and the results tabulated. The President had said, at the time of establishing the White House meetings, that he wished each week to look down the industrial line and see where the sags were. It was therefore of first importance to be able to report not only that so many million tons of coal had been produced during the then past week, but that definitely ascertained supplies were on hand, especially in those sections of the country remote from mines and engaged in the manufacture of munitions. The statistics served also another purpose. They enabled the Fuel Administrator to speak with accurate knowledge when complaints were made that certain manufacturing interests were short of coal and would be compelled to cease operations unless immediate relief were found. During the first months of the Fuel Administration there was nothing to go by, except the known or unknown reputation for honesty of those making complaint. After the Bureau of Statistics was in running order the case was entirely different- On many an occasion the representative of an important industry manufacturing munitions came to the Fuel Administration with the alarming statement that his factory had less than a week's supply of coal on hand and that without, the assistance of the Administration the mills would be compelled to close. It took less than five minutes to have in hand the card of the complainant and to inform him of the number of tons on hand the previous week, the weekly average for the year, the actual consumption and receipts during the week, and the stocks then on hand and en route. The facts were of course secured from the company itself and were not questioned. The surprise consisted in the speed with which the information had been made available. Convinced that the Fuel Administration knew the facts concerning the affairs of the company complaining, it was not difficult to persuade its representative of the accuracy of the further information that the supplies his company had on hand were quite equal to those of his competitors and represented a fair distribution in the section of the country in which the mills were located. Human nature demands equality of treatment. When this is guaranteed, competitors are usually content. The building up of the force of the Bureau of Statistics and its reduction during the winding-up process is well shown in the diagram on page 123 of the Report of the Distribution Division, Part I. "The diagram is fairly illustrative of the rate of progress of the entire Fuel Administration, both in the mobilization and the " Eeport ot Distribution Division, Pt. I, p. 119. " Report ol Distribution Division, Pt. I, pp. 117-129. FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL. ADMINISTKATOK. 27 demobilization of its forces. Only indirectly, of course, did the Bureau of Statistics stimulate the production of coal, but its weekly reports were of the greatest assistance to the Production Bureau, which was able to set before the operators and mine workers definite statements of results, which were in themselves stimulatmg. The commercial stocks of bituminous coal in the United States on the 1st of October, 1917, was, as above stated, about 28,000,000 tons. This was more than doubled on October 1 of the following year, and on the day of the armistice had reached a total of about 63,000,000 tons. With this amount of bituminous coal in the stock piles of the country the Fuel Administration was warranted in assuring the country, as was done on the 1st of October, that the country was prepared to go through the winter without halting the manufacture of munitions and without privation to domestic consumers, even if the winter should prove to be as severe as its predecessor. Immediately after the signing of the armistice manufacturers and dealers ceased buying coal. Production dropped from 13,000,000 tons per week to less than 8,000,000 tons. Heavy drafts were made upon stocks in hand. In some cases manufacturers ceased buying altogether and depended upon their stock piles. Production was everywhere cut down and in many cases mines were closed for longer or shorter periods. Men were thrown out of employment or their earnings seriously cm-tailed. For it should be remembered that the miner — the workman who actually digs the coal — is paid by the ton and not by the day, and because bitu- minous coal can not in most instances be stocked at the pit mouth the miner can work only when orders are received and cars are supplied. Reference to the production tables above (p. 22) is the best indication of the rate of production downward between Armistice Day and midsummer, 1919. But a more serious factor was the encroachment upon the stocks of coal on hand. About 23,000,000 tons were consimied from the stock piles between Armistice Day and the 1st of April, 1919. By midsummer less than half the amount in stock on Armistice Day remained. Foreseeing trouble when the stock piles were gone and bins empty, the Fuel Administrator warned the public in June, 1919, that if the buying of coal was not promptly resumed the country would find itseK in serious pUght by August or September; that the surplus stocks would be exhausted; that the demand for coal would come at the period when the car supply would be absorbed by the crop movement; and that if the shutdown of mines continued too long the labor supply at the mines could not be easily and quickly provided. This was commented upon at the time as playing into the hands of the operators, but the event amply justified the warning. Apparently we have not yet learned that if we wish to prevent seasons of coal shortage it is necessary to continue the pmchase of coal throughout the year to a much greater extent than at present. In other Words, the pubUc should learn the wisdom of not living from hand to mouth in providing itself with- fuel. The great service of the Bureau of Statistics consisted in bringing those facts to the attention of the pubhc. It was most unfortimate that no appropriation was made for the continuation of this statistical work after the 30th of June, 1919. There is, therefore, an hiatus in the data necessary to the solution of the coal problem and one which the Congress ought promptly to bridge over by enacting legislation authorizing the Geological Survey or some other suitable bureau of Government to conduct a continuous survey of stocks of coal on hand and their distribution throughout the country. It is of first importance that we know the facts of the fuel industry, and the Government is the best agency to find them. DISTRIBUTION OF FUEL. The report of the Distribution Division, Part I, dealing with coal and coke, and Part II, dealing with the zone system, need little further comment. Each tells the story completely. But a brief observation upon the fundamental method pursued may be of value. By January, 1918, the Distribution Division of the Fuel Administration was established under J. D. A. Morrow as General Director. A few weeks before the railroads had been taken over by the Government. From that time on it was a simple matter to establish contracts and secure close cooperation between the Government, the operators, and the railroads. At the outset, however, that is to say, in September 1917, the case was quite otherwise. Garvin N. Snider, coal traffic manager of the New York Central Eailroad Co., had come to Washington as transportation adviser of the Fuel Administrator. He and Bentley W. Warren, chief legal adviser of the Administration, formed the point of contact with the rail- road systems represented by the Car Service Commission of the Railway Bureau. This was before the railroads had been taken over by the Government. The fullest use was not being made of cars, tracks, or terminals and apparently could not be under the several systems operating separately. At his invitation, Samuel Rea, presi- dent of the Pennsylvania Railroad, A. H. Smith, president of the New York Central Railroad, and Daniel Wniard, president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, met the Fuel Administrator in Washington on the evening of November 15, and considered eight specific questions "'^ presented by him. The questions sought to discover whether maximum distribution efficiency had been reached in the several sections of the country and 1' Report ptth? DistribHtion Pivision, Ft, II, p. 9, in letter o( Nov, 16, 1917, to Mr. Samuel Bea. 28 FINAL KEPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. whether certain suggested arrangements would still further relieve the situation. The memorandum closed with this inquiry: "Is it feasible or necessary to consider the complete pooling of the railroads of the United States, perhaps by districts; that is to say, to carry still further the eflForts of the Railroad War Board? Such an arrangement should be for the period of the war only, and, to deal justly by property interests, might include an arrangement with the Government whereby dividends should be paid on the basis of prewar years. Query: Whether Government should under such circumstances guarantee the dividend payments ?" In the same spirit and to the same end the Fuel Administrator met the coal operators, encouraged them to organize, and invited their cooperation. Later the anthracite operators and- distributors were called together and asked to recommend a committee of three as an anthracite committee with headquarters in Pennsylvania to facilitate the apportionment and distribution of coal.** In like manner the representatives of the mine workers were also called in, their advice being sought equally with that of the operators. In like manner also the Petroleum Committee was set up. In each case the Fuel Administrator went directly to the industry, encouraged its members to get together, and by direct contact secured effective cooperation. In no case was power siu-rendered to the industry, but in every case the advice of the industry was sought and obtained before action was taken by the Fuel Administration. III. COOPERATION BETWEEN DEPARTMENTS OF GOVERNMENT. THE WHITE HOUSE MEETINGS. Out of conditions that at first sight looked like hopeless confusion within departments and wasteful separation of powers and overlapping of functions between departments, there evolved in an extraordinarily short time good order and effective cooperation. The permanent departments of Government were quickly swamped with business. The emergency administrations were set up one at a time, independently of any other department. They were like frontiersmen stationed at various points of advantage, each thrown upon his own initiative and each compelled to hold his position unaided. The wonder is that confusion did not continue to prevail. The reason it did not is chiefly to be found in the character and experience of our people. The social and political conditions surrounding the youth of the United States not only encourage independence and initiative but require it. Special privilege and advantage are of little avail at anytime. During the war they amounted to nothing. In each of the emergency administrations men were chosen because of their abiUties in special fields. Neither official position nor wealth nor social standing played any part in the choice of men for positions of responsibility in the war administrations. Being men of quality in their several fields, it is not surprising that they forged ahead independently and at the same time sought the cooperation of every force which appeared to them likely to strengthen their own position and promote the common object they had in view. I presume each chief official of an emergency department informed himself at the earliest pos- sible moment of the activities of other departments of Government, and wherever there appeared to be a dupli- cation of function sought by conference to avoid it. But there is another reason for the development of workable relations between departments, namely, the setting up of the so-called Industrial Cabinet in the early part of 1918. The term Industrial Cabinet was never officially applied, but it was the term commonly employed to designate the meetings held at the White House with the President Wednesday afternoon of each week. The meetings, by the way, were held in the old Cabinet room in the White House and did not therefore encroach even physically upon the domain of the Cabinet, whose meetings have now for many years been held in the adjoining office building. During the winter of 1917-18, by direction of the President, meetings had been held at the office of the Secretary of War, who presided as chairman. These meetings were attended by the members of the Council of National Defense and by the heads of the newly created emergency administrations. This conference was- excellent in many respects, but lacked the unifjdng power which only the President could exercise. There- fore, the following heads were called together by the President: The Director General of the Railroads, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, the chairman of the War Trade Bureau, the chairman of the Shipping Board, the chairman of the War Industries Board, the Food Administrator, and the Fuel Adminis- trator. At these meetings differences were quickly reconciled, policies made clear, and the President kept in^ touch with the activities of each department. The following will sufficiently illustrate their effectiveness and value: EQUAL CAR SUPPLY. In the report of the Labor Bureau of the Fuel Administration comment is made upon the settlement of the equal car supply question which for many years had disturbed the relations between the railroads and the coal operators. After the Government had taken over the operation of the railroads the problem became " Report of the Distribution Division, Pt. I, p. 115. FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. 29 if anything more acute, for the reason that the purchasing power of the combined railroad systems of the country had been concentrated in a single hand. It had already been declared by the President as one of the war policies of the Administration that the prices fixed for Government purchases ought to apply also to civilian purchases. The extraordinary demand for coal had made the maximmn prices virtually the going prices. If Government now operating the raihoads could not use its control of the car supply to secure a substantial concession in the purchase of its railroad fuel, a very large additional operating expense would be placed upon the RaUroad Administration. The issue thus presented could be settled only by the President, and it was settled by him as a result of the White House meetings. The view of the Fuel Administration was set forth on the 10th of April in the following memorandum: Briefly, I believe that although the Government operating the railroads is free to secure the railroad fuel supply at the best figure possible, not exceeding the Government price, the Government ought not to permit itself to bring the least pressure to bear in securing a concession in price by reason of its power over the car supply. Two reasons appear to me conclusive in support of this position: First. The practice of the raUroads in securing concessions in the past in return for a full car supply ought not to be continued by the Government, because maximum prices have been fixed rendering it impoessible for operators to offset low-priced railroad contracts by high-priced commercial contracts. In other words, that which, in the opinion of the operators, justified the practice in times past, is now, by action of Government, impossible, except to a limited degree. The decisions of the Interstate Commerce Commission, like the fundamental act, turn upon the distinction between the railroads as common carriers when dealing with commercial coal and not as common carriers when transporting coal from the mine for railroad purposes. The conception underlying this position is that a common carrier, being called upon to deal equitably with competitors in a free market, any disciimination between them is unfair and against public policy. When, however, the Nation is at war and in the national defense has fixed a maximum price on coal, the argument based on free competition is limited, if not annulled. The Government ought, in the circumstances, to resolve doubts against itself. In the-second place, we are now confronted not merely with a preference in favor of locomotive fuel, but also and equally a preference in favor of fuel for munition supplies. The requirement for railroad fuel calls for about 25 per cent of the total bituminous output. The requirement for locomotive fuel and for war purposes is estimated at 65 per cent of the total supply. This vastly increases the inequality of prewar times. If it were doubtful whether the Fuel Administration would be able to supply railroad fuel in the quantity needed and when and where it is needed, the case might be different, but it is admitted that the plan proposed by the Fuel Administration will be effective to this end. The only practical point urged in favor of the plan proposed by Mr. Williams is that $40,000,000 will besaved. I am fully persuaded that no one wiU urge that the Government should save 140,000,000, or any other sum if a substantial injustice results. The question un- der consideration is whether it is just or unjust to continue the practice referred to. But the most important argument * * * turns upon the injustice which inevitably will be visited upon the mine workers if an unequal car supply continues at the mines. On the 15th of May, 1918, the following memorandum was prepared by Mr. Warren and submitted at conferences upon this important subject: EFFECT UPON GENERAL FUEL SITUATION OF THE DELAY IN SETTLING RAILROAD FUEL QUESTION. By long custom the coal year in the United States runs from April 1 for 12 months, ending the succeeding March 31. Delayed settle- ment of the locomotive fuel question has already seriously impaired the bituminous coal supply for the current year. Every day of further delay adds to this impairment. Unless immediately ended it renders likely, and perhaps unavoidable, a fuel crisis before next April. It is possible to pursue a hand-to-mouth policy so far as supplying the railroads is concerned. This policy has kept the railroads sup- plied now for six weeks. The railroads have not suffered, but the entire coal program for the country as a whole is to-day 45 days late in starting. Indeed the determination of a definite and final method of supplying locomotive fuel was first taken up with the railroads about March 1. This loss of time is irreparable. At this season, when coal is easily produced and transported, the process of storage for the winter season should be in full swing. The probable coal shortage makes it imperative that every consuming need should be supplied from the nearest available source, re- gardless of price and all other considerations, except that coal specifically suitable for certain uses should not be diverted to other uses for which other coal is equally satisfactory. To assist in effecting this result the zoning system was adopted. Perhaps unwisely, the railroads have been excepted from the application of the zoning system. To that extent the governing necessity of the principle just mentioned has been relaxed. As much the largest coal-consuming industry, taking from one-fourth to one-third of the total bituminous output, the omission of the raUroads from the principle which should govern the coal program must obviously greatly affect the success of the program itself. At present and for 45 days the railroads have been thus omitted. The various coal fields are dotted over with old and still con- tinuing railroad fuel contracts, to which have been added many others of recent execution. Substantially all these contracts have been placed having regard chiefly to low cost of fuel. Many of them were secured through assurances of preferential car supply. Little regard appears to have been given to the need of the output of the contract mines for gas, by-product coke, bunkering, or other special uses. Higher priced coal nearer the distributing points for railroad consumption, or capable of easier and quicker transportation to such points has been passed by for less accessible coal procurable at lower prices. A hand-to-mouth policy permits no improvement in this situation. At best it leaves the Fuel Administration free to apply the principle of its program merely to such deficiency in the railroad requirements as exists above their contract tonnage. Even within this limited field, the Fuel Administration, so long as price is considered an element can fully apply the principle of supplying coal from the most available sources at the risk of accusation of hostility to the railroads. The zoning system has been arranged and coal prices have been fixed in entire disregard of the effect upon the cost of fuel to any par- ticular individual, class of industries, or section of the country. AppUcations from the State administrators and from individual consumer are filled in like disregard of prices. The Fuel Administration has named a price deemed to be fair and not excessive for the production at each field. Its main duty, and a most difficult one, is to procure, so far as possible, an adequate supply of coal for domestice consumers and essential industries, including among the latter the railroads. The accomplishment of this duty necessitates a maximum production 30 FINAL KEPOKT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTKATOB. from each field. This result has not been accomplished since April 1, nor can it be accomplished until the status of the largest consuming industry has been fixed. It can not be accomplished at all unless that status is fixed upon the same basis as that of all other essential industries. Consequently, a hand-to-mouth policy for the railroads involves a marking-time policy for the Fuel Administration. The country is engaged in a most fateful war. Time is of the essence of success in war. By the President's action in fixing coal prices a billion dollars has been saved to the American people. Those prices must be regarded in their aggregate result, not in their minor differ- ences, nor in the effect of those differences upon individual consumers. The people as a whole need more coal than the country as a whole, under present restricted transportation facilities, can produce, consequently someone must pay the fixed price for every ton of coal that can be produced and transported. Even then there will not be enough. Every day's delay in adopting and applying such a distribution plan as will insure the maximum production increases the ultimate deficiency. The Administration will be judged by the ultimate amount of deficiency in production, and by the effect of that deficiency upon the successful prosecution of the war. Every patriotic American would rather see the railroad fuel bill for this year doubled than to witness a repetition of last winter's curtailment of essential productions due to a deficiency in the supply of coal caused by the inability of the carriers promptly to move it from the mines to the consumers. So long as the railroads are placed on an equality with other industries as regards price, and are given a preference over other industries only in the reliability of their supply, every citizen will be satisfied with the result. The Fuel Administration is confronted with other problems besides that of locomotive fuel. The question of a sufficient fuel-oil supply is most serious and pressing. If fuel oil is to be restricted, because of a limited supply, to its most essential uses, its place for less essential uses must be taken by coal. How and from what source this coal is to be obtained depends largely upon the solution of the locomotive- fuel question. An increased supply of fuel oil is dependent upon the possibility of an increased supply of certain steel products and machinery. This latter increased supply is dependent upon a maximum coal production, which again is dependent upon the settlement of the locomotive-fuel question. Thus it will be found at almost every turn that this troublesome question lies at the foundation of the settlement of other fuel questions. The principle of the equal car supply was fully recognized and put in force/' and because the advantage obtained was in the interest of the public and not for the purpose of increasing the profits of the operators, a uniform reduction of 10 cents per ton was made in the Government maximum price for all bitmninous coal. NONESSENTIAL INDUSTRIES. The question of nonessential industries was before the Fuel Administration almost from the beginning.^" It was intimately connected with the question of priority orders and the supply not only of fuel but of all basic commodities. If more cars were needed, why not grant priority of shipment to things essential to the war? If the supply of steel and copper was insufficient to meet the war demands should it not be cut off from non- essential industries? If the production of coal fell below the requirements of the railroads and the munition factories, why should not the shortage be met by refusing to permit shipments of coal to nonessential industries ? Each administration wrestled vnth the question and passed it on to the next. The whole difficulty lay in the definition of the term nonessential. After consideration of the various suggestions offered it became apparent that there was no such thing as a nonessential industry. Articles were manufactured by most industries that could be dispensed with without harm either to the public or the industry, and obviously some industries were engaged in the manufacture of commodities not immediately and directly useful for war purposes. Yet strange facts came to light where least expected. Almost everyone discussing nonessentials replied to the question, What are nonessential industries? by saying, "Why, candy making, piano factories, and so forth." But after candy and pianos all was vague, and oddly enough it was discovered that the candy manufacturers were the chief importers of coconuts, a product of first importance to the Army. The best gas masks were made from coco- nut fiber. As to pianos, it was pointed out that the manufacturers could easily adapt their factories to the manu- facture of war materials. But the continued discussion of "nonessential industries," both in the public press and in Government departments, led to the appointment of a committee to study the problem. The President appointed Vance C. McCormick, chairman of the War Trade Board; Bernard M. Baruch, chairman of the War Industries Board: Herbert 0. Hoover, Food Administrator; and Harry A. Garfield, Fuel Administrator. The following persons were called in to act as a subcommittee, bringing further expert knowledge to bear upon the question : Clarence M. Woolley, of the War Trade Board; Edwin D. Parker, of the Priority Committee; T. M. Whitmarsh, of the Fuel Administration; Edward Chambers, of the Railroad Administration; Edwin F. Gay, of the Shipping Board; and P. B. Noyes, of the Fuel Administration. Also conferences were held vnth George May, of the Treasury Department, and Felix Frankfurter, chairman of the War Labor Policies Board. The gist of the conclusions reached is contained in the following paragraphs of the subcommittee's report: We do not recommend absolute prohibition, because, granting the possibility of selecting from all the products of indxistry those items which could be agreed upon as of relatively slight importance to the consuming public, the benefits to be derived from the war program by the total and sudden prohibition of the industries producing such commodities would be trifling to the economic loss during and after the war. A searching analysis of all our industries revealed 25 which might fairly be classified as producers of nonwar commodities, and therefore worthy of consideration for complete prohibition. We found that the aggregate capital employed by this particular group of industries was $733,000,000. The aggregate number of persons employed was 283,518. The aggregate fuel consumption per annum was 1,701,000 tons. i» Report of the Distribution Division, Pt. I, p. 48. M Correspondence between railroad oSaoials and Fuel Administration, Report ol Distribution Division, Pt. II, pp. 7-11. PINAL REPOBT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTKATOK. 31 The conservation of fuel, the lessening of the burden placed upon the railroads of the country, and the releasing of labor and materials being the principal objects to be attained in setting up a complete prohibition against these industries, it will be seen that the rehef thus afforded would be negligible. For example, while tlie consumption of coal for power, aa estimated by the Fuel Administration for the current calendar year, will be 554,000,000 tons, the coal consumed by the nonwar industries above specified is but 1,701,000 tons. The saving in so far as fuel is concerned would therefore be only three-tenths of 1 per cent of the year's supply. The relief to the railroads would be somewhat greater, but not of sufficient moment to constitute an appreciable alleviation of their burdens. * « * * # *» » » » »* We also invite your attention to the fact that a sudden dislocation through complete prohibition of any industry involves the disintegra- tion of entire organizations, including the workers, foremen, superintendents, and managers. Such organizations in most cases are the cumulative result of many years of constructive effort, and it is obvious that with the ending of the war the prohibited industries would be obliged to go through the pioneer process of recreation. This would, in the opinion of your conunittee, augment the embarrassment of post-war industeial readjustments. It should also be noted that some of the industries affected center in a single town, where they are the only source of its support. We might cite in illustration the case of jewelry, the production of which centers in North Attleboro, Mass. Total prohibition would inflict a heavy blow upon that town; trade would be ruined; the deposits in savings banks withdrawn, and a disastrous state of affairs precipitated throughout the entire district. ******** * Your committee herewith makes a brief separate report on the brewing industry, which it has considered among the possible nonwar industries for which complete prohibition has been proposed. Although the savings in fuel and transportation, in foodstuffs, and man power which such a prohibition would effect are greater than for most of the other industries studied, and although in many States of the Union prohibition is already in operation, nevertheless the general conclusion reached is similar to that in the main report. The policy of entailment rather than complete prohibition is recom- mended as appropriate for administrative action. The Census Bureau of the Department of Commerce estimates that on the basis of the 1914 census the direct fuel consiunption of this industry was 3,320,000 tons, or six-tenths of 1 per cent of the total annual coal supply. By regulation of the Food Administration the con- sumption of grain for the manufacture of beer, ale, and porter has been reduced, by reducing the alcohol content, from 72,000,000 bushels per annum to the rate of 47,000,000 bushels. At a recent conference with the industry, and as a result of it, the Fuel Administrator has given consideration to the subject of reducing by 50 per cent the coal supplied that industry. Such action, if taken, would result in further reduction of the amount of grains used and the coal consumption would be reduced to 1,662,161 tons per annum. The carloads which will be moved by the railroads, both for food grains and coal, and also for the finished product, are estimated at 215,984 per annum. The committee behoves that this industry should be classed as a nonwar industry, but, while fully recognizing the savings which might be made by complete suppression of the industry by administrative order, holds that this measure is not to be recommended for the following reasons: First. As set forth in the main report, the gain from prohibition is more than offset by the losses and irritation caused by summary action, and Second. The social habits and political prejudice associated with this trade are still deep-rooted, though steadily weakening, that entire prohibition should be the result of deliberate legislation rather than an administrative decree which might savor too much of arbitrary power. A considerable curtailment, obviously in the interest of cgnservation, has already been accepted by agreement with the industry. Your committee recommends that the total putput in barrelage of the brewing industry (alcoholic and nonalcoholic) be reduced to 50 per cent of the amount produced during the corresponding months of 1917. In view of the cut made by the reduction in alcoholic content this woTild reduce the grain consimied to the rate of less than 30,000,000 bushels per annum from the previous 72,000,000 and would reinforce the proposal to reduce coal by 50 per cent and effect a saving of 1,660,000 tons of coal per annum. As the amount of malt in process is considerable, this will be even more effective, as the stocks of malt are sufficient to last some months without further purchases of barley. The saving on transportation should-amount to even more than 50 per cent, as the grains used are in larger proportion than this owing to the reduction in alcohoUc content. At a later date, with the progress of the war and with public approval, a further curtailment may be made. The results of this investigation were reported to the President July 3, 1918, by Messrs. McCormick, Baruch, Hoover, and Garfield and received his approval. The subcommittee was continued as the Industrial Adjust- ments Committee of the War Industries Board, and the Food and Fuel Administrations issued orders curtailing supphes to breweries.^^ THE SEVENTEENTH OF JANUARY ORDER. In my annual report for 1917 attention was called to the congestion of trafiic due in part to the severe winter which had set in early and in part to conditions resulting from the principle of enforced competition under which our raUroad systems had been developed. The most serious problem which confronted the Fuel Administration at the beginning of the year 1918 was one of production and distribution. Obviously, produc- tion would be halted imless the car supply were adequate. The taking over of the railroads by the Government had answered one part of the transportation problem, namely, that the operation of the raihoads of the country as a imit had increased the use of the existing equipment to a very large and important extent. But weather conditions continued vmfavorable and for the time being overcame this advantage. The Fuel Administration by warnings, orders and regulations cooperated with the Eailroad Administration in making the best possible use of available facihties. The seriousness of the situation had been apparent since early in December. At the weekly a General Orders, Regulations, and Rulings of the United States Fuel Administration, p. 526. 32 FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. meetings held at the office of the Secretary of War, figures and charts showing a constant decrease in shipments of steel products were anxiously examined. To remedy the situation it was necessary to discover the cause, and in seeking the cause the fact was revealed that basic industries and transportation were caught in a vicious circle. Steel could not be manu- factured without coke; coke could not be made without coal; coal could not be commercially produced without transportation; transportation was dependent upon coal. Terminal facilities were overtaxed. Greater stores of war material were awaiting shipment at Atlantic ports than could be carried by the tonnage available. Yet more was daily flowing into these terminals. Docks and warehouses being full to overflowing, material was left stored aboard cars, to that extent still further diminishing the car supply. Open-top cars necessary for the transportation of coal were seized without discrimination and used by manufacturers for the shipment of, articles that could have been as well shipped in closed cars. To the extent to which open-top cars were used, either for the transportation or storage of other material, they were withdrawn from the coal industry. Beginning with the appointment of Director General McAdoo, the Railroad and the Fuel Administrations worked in hearty cooperation, but there were certain facts of which the foregoing are conspicuous examples, which stood stubbornly in the way of even our best endeavors. The fact is that the manufacturers of the United States, overwhelmed with orders, bending all their efforts to produce war material, did not perceive what was happening to the transportation facilities of the country. Indeed, they had no time to study any problem but their own. They did not see that the congestion of traffic was the main difficulty in the way of their coal supply and that they themselves were daily adding to the difficulty by shipment of their commodities. That a manufacturer was producing munitions of war appeared a sufficient excuse, both in his eyes and in those of Government officials, for the immediate shipment and transportation of his commodity, even though in the circumstances this commodity, cryingly needed at the front, could proceed no further than from the factory to seaboard, and often no further than the nearest railroad yard. Essentials were as effective to block traffic as nonessentials. Wisdom dictated that shipments be withheld, but wisdom was dependent upon knowledge, and knowledge of the facts had not been brought home to the public. Industrially we were in the midst of a wild scramble of manufacture, production, and shipment. We were like a regiment of soldiers advancing at a double- quick and coming suddenly into a narrow defile. It was necessary that some one call a halt if catastrophe was to be avoided. Realizing that it was no longer a question of withholding coal from nonwar industries but rather a question whether any coal could much longer get through to any consumer, Pierrepont B. Noyes, Chief of the Conservation Division, was sent to New York and Boston to advise with the State fuel administrators concerning the further curtailment of the use of coal for nonwar industries, but chiefly to study the question of congested terminals and to confer with certain persons outside as well as within the Fuel Administration concerning the feasibility of the plans then under consideration. Mr. Noyes returned on the morning of January 16. He brought back much information, together with the statement of certain leading railroad officials to the effect that if the roads could be given a few days to clear up congestion, especially at terminal and junction points, the situation would be relieved. But this would require drastic action warranted only by a crisis of national proportions. Such a crisis existed, but the public was not aware of it, could not in the nature of the case have been aware of the full extent of the danger. All who were responsible for the marshalling of the industrial forces of the country had seen it approaching since the first week in December, but each official vested with power to take effective action hesitated to assume the responsibility. Director General McAdoo had been in office barely three weeks. Fuel was the most basic of the industries involved, and it became evident to me that the Fuel Administration ought to accept the responsibility and issue the order. Believing, however, that this ought not to be done without the full knowledge and approval of the President, and realizing, furthermore, that special exemptions must be made in favor of the Army and Navy, I called at the War Department on the afternoon of the 16th of January and laid the matter before the Secretary of War. Immediately after leaving his office I called upon the Secretary of Navy and likewise laid the matter before him. In each case the Secretary appreciated the gravity of the situation, with which he was of course already in large part familiar, and they as well as I appreciated and commented upon the disturbances of the public mind which the proposed action involved. At 5 o'clock Secretary Baker, Secretary Daniels, and I met the President by appointment at the White House.' After leaving the White House I called Director General McAdoo and explained to him by telephone the proposed action, expressly asking whether it would in any wise interfere with his plans. He assured me that it would not and asked, in view of the gravity of the situation, that he might have the draft of the order to examine overnight. But the papers had already gotten hold of the fact that an order of the kind issued the next day was imder consideration, and I advised Secretary McAdoo that delay for even a few hours would defeat the purpose of the order. FINAL REPOET OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOE. 33 After leaving the telephone, the staff of the Fuel Administration was called together for final consultation and the draft of the order and the first explanatory statement, appearing in the papers on the morning of the 17th of January, was then released. The order in its final form will be found at pages 433-435 of General Orders, Regulations, and Rulings of the United States Fuel Administration. Owing to the lateness of the hour, the full statement explaining the necessity for the order was not released until the next afternoon. This delay is to be regretted, but was unavoidable. To have postponed the order for even 24 hours would, as intimated above, have defeated its immediate purpose, which was to break up the railroad congestion. Substantially one-half of the cars blocking the way at junction points and at terminals were laden with coal, thus preventing dehveries and the return of empty cars to the mines, as well as contributing more than any other commodity to the increasing difl&culty. There were lying in our harbors waiting for bunkers 480 ships — 40 contained food, 71 carried coal, oil, and gasoline, 369 were laden with munitions and other war supplies. Moreover, I was credibly informed that at least six ships lying at anchor off Brooklyn were laden with high explosives and that, because of the severe weather and the ice jam in the harbor, there was serious danger that an explosion might take place which would have wrecked the part of Brooklyn lying nearest the anchorage. The Halifax disaster was then fresh in our minds. The order was issued and in spite of the recurring blizzards the congestion upon our railroads was broken; bunker coal went forward; the ships held in harbor were released, and finally shipments of steel products essential for war manufacture were increased and continued to increase until the old normal levels were reached. The immediate danger had been serious enough, but it involved consequences which, though more remote, were far more serious in character. The supplies that were then going forward were considerably behind schedule. The spring campaign at the front might easily fail for lack of material, and would at any rate prove far more costly in human life should there be a shortage of munitions. Until the crisis was passed it was inexpedient to make these statements, although it was necessary to give them in sufficient detail to arouse the pubUc to an appreciation of the fact that we were engaged in a titanic struggle and that the manuf actiu-ers of the country, even those making munitions of war, must be prepared to make the necessary sacrifice. The full statement of the reasons for the order released on the afternoon of January 17 for publication in the papers of the 18th is here reproduced: The most urgent thing to be done is to send to the American forces abroad and to the Allies the food and war supplies they vitally ■ need. War munitions, food, manufactured articles of every description, lie at our Atlantic ports in tens of thousands of tons, while literally hundreds of ships waiting loaded 'with war goods for our men and the Allies can not take the seas because their bunkers are empty of coal. The coal to send them on their way is waiting behind the congested freight that has jammed all terminals. It is worse than useless to bend our energies to more manufacturing when what we have already manufactured lies at tidewater, congesting terminal facilities, jamming the railroad yards and side tracks for long distances back into the country. No power on earth can move this freight into the war zone where it is needed until we supply the ships with fuel. Once the docks are cleared of the valuable freight for which our men and associates in the war now wait in vain, then again our energies and power may be turned to manufacturing, more efiBcient than ever, so that a steady and uninterrupted stream of vital supplies may be this Nation's answer to the Allies' cry for help. It has been excess of production, in our war-time speeding up, that has done so much to cause congestion on our railroads; that has filled the freight yards to overflowing; that has cluttered the docks of our Atlantic ports with goods waiting to go abroad. At tidewater the flood of freight has stopped. The ships were unable to complete the journey from our factories to the war depots behind the firing line. Added to this has been the difliculty of transporting coal for our own domestic needs. On top of these difficulties has come one of the most terribly severe winters we have known in years. The wheels were choked and stopped; zero weather and snow-bound trains; terminals congested; harbors with shipping frozen in; rivers and canals impassable — it was useless to continue manufacture and pile confusion on top of confusion. A clear line from the manufacturing establishments to the seaboard and beyond; that was the imperative need. It was like soldiers marching to the front. The men in the foremost ranks must have room to move. More than a shock was needed to make a way through that congestion at the terminals and on the docks, so that the aid so vitally needed by the Allies could get through. The incidental effect of this transportation situation on coal production has been disastrous. There is and always has been plenty of fuel, but it can not be moved to those places where it is so badly needed while railroad lines and terminals are choked. Throughout the coal fields scores, even hundreds, of mines are lying idle because of railroad inability to supply the cars to carry away their product. Coal mines can not operate without cars. Cars can not be supplied while the railroads are crippled by the present freight congestion which keeps idle cars lying useless in the freight yards. In the past week the production of coal has been disastrously reduced. Reports in some cases have shown 90 per cent of the mines incertain fields closed completely for lack of cars. This is warl Whatever the cost we must pay it, so that in the face of the enemy there can never be the reproach that we held back from doing our full share. Those ships laden with our supplies of food for men and food for guns must have coal and put to sea. To estimate the value or harm of the order by the dollars' worth of merchandise unmanufactured and unsold and the number of men thrown out of employment temporarily, is to fail to imderstand the nature of the crisis. 122600— 21— -3 34 FINAL EEPOKT Or THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTBATOK. GASLESS SUNDAYS. The so-called "gasless" Sunday order was in sharp contrast with the 17th of January order. As already pointed out, the gasless Sunday order was a request, not an order, though it was referred to as though it were. It was probably more implicitly obeyed than any order issued by the Fuel Administration. If the request had been made in January an order would doubtless have been necessary, for the country was not then prepared as it was by midsummer to make sacrifices. Many persons have claimed credit for the suggestion, and doubtless the same thought occurred to many people at about the same time. So far as the Fuel Administration's knowledge of the matter extends, the first suggestion came in a letter from the White House. On the 4th of March, 1918, the President inclosed a letter from Congressman Sears, of Florida, requesting that his suggestion be given consideration. Investigation revealed the fact that at the time a sufiicient supply of gasoline was on hand to meet our requirements abroad. But the suggestion was kept in mind, and when in August the General Director of the Oil Division reported that supplies at the eastern seaboard were perilously low the request was made. Congressman Sears's letter of March 2, 1919, addressed to the President, is as follows: House of Repbesentatives, Committee on Education, Washington, March g, 1918. Hon. WooDROw Wilson, The President of the United States, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: No doubt you are overwhelmed with suggestions, and therefore I hesitate to take up your time. However, it is my sole desire to do my bit and this is the only excuse I have to offer for the following. There are, as you no doubt know, approximately 4,000,000 privately owned automobiles in use in the United States. I am satisfied 5 gallons is a conservative estimate of the average amount of gasoline used each day by a machine. If in this I am correct, said machines use each day 20,000,000 gallons, or approximately 476,190 barrels. I understand a tank car contains 10,000 gallons, thus making the rail- roads move 2,000 cars for each day's consumption of gasoline. Taking 20,000,000 gallons as the average amount of gasoline used each day at the conservative price of $0.23 per gallon, we have the enormous sum of $4,600,000. The people have been asked and are gladly complying with the request to observe two meatless, one wheatless, and one porkless day. Believing I know the people, I think they would gladly comply with any proclamation you may make. Permit me, therefore, to suggest that you issue a proclamation calling on the people not to use automobiles on Sundays for at least one month. If this is done there will be a saving of 80,000,000 gallons of gasoline alone. This does not include the saving in wear and tear, oil, etc. I am satisfied a fair estimate of the amount saved would be $2.50 for each machine. In the proclamation I would request the , citizens to use the $2.50 saved in this way in the purchase of war-saving stamps. This would put into the Treasury of the United States $10,000,000 for each Sunday provided for in the proclamation. I would also request the postmasters to immediately furnish to the local papers a list of those purchasing war-saving stamps and also forward you a list. If this proclamation covered two months, there would be placed in the Treasury of the United States $80,000,000. I am sure the people will gladly comply with such a proclamation and the good part of it is there will not be 1 cent of expense. While our boys are fighting in the trenches at the front and training at the various cantonments, I believe nothing could more force- fully bring home to our people the necessity of saving than by asking them not to use on the days named in your proclamation this now virtually universal mode of transportation. I do not believe doctors actually attending patients should be included in the proclamation. I intended mailing this suggestion and information to you some days ago, but an overwhelming rush of business prevented. Since working out the proposition, I note the plan has been in part suggested by another, but from the press I see no definite plans were suggested. If you care for me to do so, and think there is merit in the suggestion, I will gladly take the matter up in person with the Secretary of the Treasury. Very respectfully, yours, W. J. Sears, M. C. It is interesting to note, in passing, the disposition of many well-intentioned persons to use the powers of government to accomplish by indirection results not directly authorized by law. Many letters and telegrams were received at the Fuel Administration offices commending the gasless Sunday request and urging its con- tinuance in the interest of Sunday observance. Likewise when the order establishing regulations restricting fuel consumption by brewers was issued ^^ prohibitionists praised the righteousness of the order. Neither the request nor the order would have been warranted except to meet the direct and immediate needs of the country under the national defense acts. IV. COOPERATION. Probably no day passed, from its organization until the end, during which labor questions were not under consideration at the Fuel Administration. Somewhere in the wide field of the industry situations were always developing which in ordinary times would have resulted in strikes. It is true that strikes did occur, but they were sporadic, local, and of short duration. On the other hand, the demands of operators representing the capital end of the industry were constant and the problems presented no less difficult than those presented by labor. It would be unfair to say that the root of the difficulty in either case was selfish desire. There was no more selfishness in most instances than the elbowing of men in a crowd bent on a common object. Toes " General Orders, Regulations, and Rulings of the United States Fuel Administration, p. 526. FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. 35 may be stepped on and harsh words spoken, but unless the crowd degenerates into a mob heads are not broken. So it was in the coal industry. There were sharp exchanges and constant sources of irritation, but the common object held the situation steady. The common object was the war, and back of the war there were ideals which were not sordid and which governed the spirits of workers in the industry whether classed as employer or em- ployee. The experience contains a great lesson for us, whether we view it from the standpoint of the Govern- ment or of the industry, of the employer or the employee. The first lesson is the effect upon an industry of a common object clearly understood and earnestly prosecuted. A common object to grip all must obviously include all. If the object of the operator is confined to maldng the most profits possible, regardless of the welfare of labor, and if the object of labor is to secure the highest wages possible without reference to the rights and interest of anybody but his own class, the result is economic warfare. So it is with the relation between Gov- ernment and industry; if industry seeks to avoid its obligation to Government, its responsibilities to the public, and if the attitude of Government is suspicious and hostile, again a condition of armed neutrality exists. The experiences of the war have done much to change the attitude of men. Certainly during the period of hostilities there was cordial and effective cooperation almost without exception. It will be shortsighted in the extreme if we revert to the old attitudes on the part of Government and industry and resorting to hostile competition if we throw away the experiences of the past two years. It is with this thought in mind that the following account of the relations maintained between Government, operators, and mine workers during the war is set forth, that anyone who is willing either through curiosity or a desire to study the problem seriously may know how an arrangement, a method, frequently advocated actually worked. Two illustrations will tell the story better than pages of description. A telegram is received at the Fuel Administration offices com- plaining that the operators in a certain nonunion field have refused to comply with the regulations of the Fuel Administration, to the injury of the mine workers. Upon inquiry, the operators assert that the regulation referred to does not apply and that they have had no conference with the mine workers upon the subject. Representatives of each side were thereupon invited to meet the Fuel Administrator in Washington. On the morning of the day appoiuted a dozen representatives of the operators of the district and about as many mine workers are assembled in a conference room of the Fuel Administration. The operators are seated at one end of the room talking among themselves. Opposite them at the other end of the room mine workers are seated. At a table separating the two forces are the Administrator and some of his staff. The scene is familiar to anyone who has participated in conferences between the representatives of capital and labor, especially when a strike has been called or impends. But there is a difference. Something overshadows the entire meeting, seems to lie back of it, as an unmeasured motive actuating or restraining as the case may be. The Fuel Administrator explains briefly the imperative need of coal, and the necessity of subordinating all interests and controversies to the one great object moving the country. .There is no spirit of antagonism or hostility here. The man present expresses by his attitude as well as in words his appreciation of this common object and of the necessity of achieving it; nevertheless there is a strained relation between the two groups. That is increasingly evident as each explains its position to the Government representatives. There is no direct exchange of view between the representatives of the two groups. Before the meeting there had been friendly exchanges between the individuals of the two groups, but the moment the meeting was called to order not a word was allowed to pass directly from operator to mine worker or mine worker to operator. This went to the root of the matter. It was a nonimion field and the operators would have no dealings save with their own employees, and this not in groups but individually. It was possible, however, to talk through a third person — it was necessary to do so in the circumstances, for the authority of the Government required it, and because of the common object lying back of the entire situation no one questioned the right of Government to act. After a while the Fuel Administrator withdrew, saying to the two groups that he would return in the afternoon and that, meanwhile, details should be worked out between them. Afternoon came and all were again assembled, but nothing had happened. The intermediary had not been there and no intercourse had been permitted between the two groups. But the Fuel Administrator insisted that results must be accomplished, and to avoid the technical difficulty of interconununication two of his staff were assigned to the case to act as intermediaries. The conference lasted well into the night, but the next morning a working program had been agreed upon and the contending parties, with friendly exchanges, left Washington and the production of coal continued. Sometimes more drastic action had to be taken, but usually a frank and fuU conference between the Fuel Administration and the representatives of the operators and mine workers smoothed out all difficulties. Another illustration and enough will have been said concerning cooperation between Government and industry in practice. The cases before the United States Fuel Administrator became so numerous that it was necessary to divide the work. The Labor Bureau was set up, and personal representatives of the Fuel Administrator were appointed to hear cases at a distance from Washington. An ex-judge of wide reputation 36 FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. had been selected in one of the districts, but the largest operator in that field refused to abide by the regulation requiring the submission of labor disputes to the local representative so chosen. The president of the company came to Washington; he explained that as a nonunion company they could not consent to have any dealings with other than their own men, that it was invariably their custom to settle all cases with the individual com- plainant, and that they must continue to do so. The president of the company was a man of wide experience and thorough training, both as an administrator and as a scientist in his particular field. His company, moreover, had probably done more for the material welfare of its employees than any other in his section. But to have permitted his company to disregard the right of appeal required of other companies would have been not only to show partiality, but to have broken down the authority of Government and practically to have defeated the necessary delegation of power which the circumstances had forced upon the administration by the circumstances of the war. The reason for the war was sufficiently clear, but men will always differ concerning what is reasonable and the point to be observed is that the common object and the demand on the part of the president of this company that he and his associates recognized and desired to achieve that common object as keenly as anyone else led to acquiescence on his part which otherwise would have been withheld. It may be said that these illustrations only demonstrate that cooperation between Government and industry will be effective in the presence of a national crisis like the war, but that in times of peace selfish interest will and ought to be allowed to assert itself, operating under the laws of supply and demand, and that, therefore, cooperation of the kind existing during the war is not possible. It may be admitted that it is more difl[icult to find a common object in peace than in war, but unless we are prepared to assert that civilization is incapable of furnishing to men a common object sufficiently great to unite their minds and their endeavors in a common enterprise the assertion can not be granted. It may also be freely admitted that if our object as a people is to accumulate wealth, to secure for our- selves material returns, if we are less concerned with the welfare of the rest of the world than of ourselves, if labor is merely a commodity and the owners of capital the only safe repository of power, whether in industry or Government, unless we are prepared to assert these things, we will not long continue to be guilty of the grievous error of denjdng the existence of a common object fully as persuasive as the object held before us and occupying us during the World War. The common object of peace is the well being of men, and the method of its accomplishment is through government, well and faithfully administered, acting in cooperation with industry free to accomplish its immediate objects, but always with the right of other industries and of individuals everywhere, through the exercise of authority to accomplish for themselves their particular objects. In other words, the common object is freedom and liberty of each individual to work out his problem and to use his powers to the fullest extent possible, subject only to that rule of equity which asserts that each may so use his power as to do no injury to aqother. The second great lesson of the war, applicable to the social and industrial problems in times of peace, is that in working for a common object all the parties in interest must be called in, consulted, and their positions understood, if results are to be successful. This is particularly true in the case of basic industries. No people will long tolerate a condition that deprives them of the necessaries of life — ^food, fuel, clothing, shelter, and, under our modern industrial system, means of transportation. We need not pause to debate the question whether or not people have a right to these necessities; they will have them if it is at all possible, and the rights of any group, whether of capital or labor, or both, that stand in the way will be swept aside. This is fundamental, it is primitive, you may call it anything you like, but it is an indisputable fact. The exigencies of the war brought the leaders of labor, capital, and Government together as they had never been brought together before. They learned how to cooperate for a cause lying outside their own interests. It was a grim kind of altruism, but it served. The spirit of comradeship was there and in many groups pre- vailed. It seemed as if friendly cooperation in a common cause and an understanding of conditions and needs of the component groups would forever do away with the spirit of hostility existing theretofore. When the armistice came men bade one another godspeed sincerely and believed a new day was at hand. We were lifted up, exalted, animated by a new spirit. In some of the war emergency administrations there were conferences called for the purposes of formulating plans to continue the friendly association that had forestalled rather than settled controversies. Such a conference was held between the officers of the United Mine Workers, of the National Coal Association, and of the Fuel Administration. We met as individuals, not in our official capacities. The conference met on the 11th of February, 1919, and there were present for part or all of the time the following persons: Operators, Thomas T. Brewster, Rush C. Butler, W. H. Field, J. D. A. Morrow, H. N. Tay- lor, T. H. Watkins, J. H. Wheelright; Mine Workers, William Diamond, Mr. Ferns, Frank J. Hayes, Mr. Pasco, FINAl, REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. 37 Warren H. Pippin, Edgar Wallace; United States Fuel Administration, Jas. AUport, H. A. Garfield, Cyrus W. Garnsey, F. E. Harkness, Walter E. Hope, R. V. Norris, H. S. Shxoeder, W. B. Symmcs, jr., G. N. Snider, Bentley W. Warren, F. M. Whitaker. The sessions continued untU the afternoon of the 14th. A stenographic report of the proceedings ^^ was made and copies furnished to President Wilson, the United Mine Workers of America, and the National Coal Association. The temper of the meeting is perhaps sufficiently indicated in the mianimous vote hy which the suggestion to be laid before the President was adopted. A special committee was appointed to formulate a specific proposal for consideration. The first draft of its report provided for a commission composed of three Government representatives, tlu-ee representatives of mine workers, and three representatives of operators, and contained a provision whereby power was given to this conmiission to settle questions considered by it. The wisdom of clothing with power a commission thus composed was fully dis- cussed, but the principle was eventually abandoned. To clothe the proposed commission with power would result in placing the public, represented by Government officials, always at a disadvantage. Moreover, it was easily seen that the Government, sitting with the representatives of industry, must retain control when- ever questions touching the public welfare arise. The Government must not delegate the power to adopt and put in execution public policies. The plan presented to the President at the White House February 26, 1919, adopted from the conference report, to include the several basic industries, follows: November 18, 1920. A Plan to Promote the Public Welfare by More Efpectivb Cooperation between the Government of the United States and Industry. The following propositions are assumed to te true' (\) The underhing facts necesfary to the c onsideiation of any question touching industry, such as cost of living, cost of production, lalior conditions, transportation facilities, must te ascertained and must Ve trustworthy. (B) These facts should te secured by Government agencies, clothed with ample powers to examine and prove them, and the tabulated results should at all times be open to the inspection of the parties in interest. (C) The parties in interest in everj' industrial problem are the public, capital, and labor, and no action affecting any of them should be taken until the proposal has been considered by their duly appointed representatives. The most appropriate representative of the public is the Government. (D) The determination of fai;ts and the formulation of administrative policy are two separate functions and should not te performed by the same agency. outline of proposed plan. (1) Commit the finding of facts to the permanent departments and commissions of Government. (2) Create by Executive order a limited number of administrative commissions, say, seven, representing between them and properly grouped the ba?ic industries of the country. (3) Each commission shall be composed of seven persons: A director, to be appointed by the President of the United States, . three members chosen by the organization of capital engaged in the industries, and three chosen by the organization of labor engaged^ the industries included in the commission. The director shall be the chairman of the commission. Each commission shall meet upon call of its chairman or of a majority of its members, at such times and places as may be designated. The function of each commission shall be to consider the problems of the industries included in its membership and to make recommendations to the President. The commissions shall be purely advisory bodies. (4) The several directors shall have such powers and authority as may be delegated to them by the President of the United States. Each director shall ex officio serve as a member of the Industrial Cabinet. (5) The Industrial Cabinet shall be composed of the directors of the several commissions, and shall meet with the President of the United States at such times as he may designate. The function of the Industrial Cabinet is to advise with the President of the United States upon industrial problems and policies. It is appreciated that it may not be deemed advisable at the present time to issue an Executive order creating commissions and appoint- ing directors as herein proposed. In that event it is earnestly suggested that upon the termination of the emergency administrations now existing the President select members of the permanent departments or commissions of the Government to act as an Industrial Cabinet meeting with' him at stated intervals and conferring informally with the representatives of designated groups of industries. Respectfully submitted to the President. H. A. Garfield, U. S. Fuel Administrator. February 26, 1919. In response to the President's request for further elaboration of the plan the following communication was sent to him at Paris, April 6, 1919: Further Elaboration op the Plan Submitted at the White House Meeting, February 26, 1919, to Promote the Public Welfare BY More Effective Cooperation between the Government of the United States and Industry. Each advisory commission, so called, shall be composed of a chairman, and, say, three representati^eu of capital and an equal number of representatives of labor engaged in the industry. It is not suggested that each commission be composed of the same number of commis- sioners, but it is regarded as fundamental that each commission be composed of an equal number of representatives of capital and of labor. 23 Appendix V. 38 FINAIi REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOK. Chairmen. Commissions. Secretary of the Interior (a) Bituminous Coal. (fc) Anthracite Coal. (c) Petroleum. Secretary of Commerce (a) Steel. (6) Copper. (c) Brick. (d) Cement. (e) Putlic Utilities. Secretary of Agriculture (a) Wheat. (b) Meats. (c) Lumber. (d) Cotton. (e) Wool. Chairman, Tariff Commission (a) Woolen Fabrics. (6) Cotton Fabric?. (c) Leather. Director General of Railroads Transportation. Chairman, Shipping Board Shipbuilding. The so-called Industrial Cabinet would then be composed of the six chairmen aboAe mentioned. To this number it is suggetted that he Attorney General be added. For the ascertainment of facts, it is suggested that the Department of Labor, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and the Federal Trade Commission be expressly directed by the President to furnish such information as may from time to time Ve reqre.-ted by any of the chairmen above mentioned. The statistical bureaus or forces of each department or commission should be directed to confer and cooperate with a view to estab- lishing uniform report sheets and requirements governing reports. It should be possible to prepare a single questionnaire in as many detachable parts, however, as there are departments or commissions inquiring, so that time and effort may V e saved in filling out reports, the several parts of each report being mailed under separate cover to the appropriate department or commission. I regard it as of great importance that an early announcement be made of this plan or that some timilar arrangement Ve made by which the several 1 aii ■ indus- tries, and particularly the labor employed, may be assured of a hearing in conne:tion with all que-tions touching the welfare of the industry. The representatives of capital and of labor should be present at all conferences, no matter what question is under consid- eration by the commission. Respectfully submitted. H. A. Garfield. Apkil 6, 1919. The principles here set up were in accord with the President's high ideals and received his approval; he directed that they be practically applied. But we have failed, lamentably failed. Yet it is never too late to return to the right path, and the right path is voluntary, complete, and open discussion between the repre- sentatives of capital, labor, and the Government representing the public. These conferences must be based upon data accurately and continuously secured by duly authorized departments of Governmertt. The con- ferences must be under the leadership of Government. The representatives of each group must be freely chosen by the group. There must be not one general conference, but as many separate conferring bodies as there are basic industries. Each group must constitute a commission presided over by a representative of Government without power to decide governmental policies (for this must be reserved to Government itself) , but with fullest powers of investigation and publicity. Furthermore, and most important of all, the duty of these commissions must be to forestall controversies, to consider at any or all times conditions likely to disturb industrial relations, and in no sense to be regarded as courts or boards of arbitration for the settlement of disputes. This in brief is the program laid before the President on his return from Paris in February, 1919. It is the program which received his express approval and would have been put into effective operation but for disagree- ment among his advisors. Had this plan been put into effect as the President intended prior to his return from Paris, there is every reason to believe that the spirit of friendly cooperation would have been continued, that there would have been no strike in the coal mines nor upon the railroads, and no consequent unjustifiable bur- dening of the public. But we have failed, and the failure is not due to the President, but to those who exercised the powers of administration when illness removed the President for the time being. Respectfully submitted. H A. Garfield. March 3, 1921. APPENDIX I REPORT ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. COVERING A SURVEY MADE ON REQUEST FROM THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY February 28, 1918 39 REPORT ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION. February 28, 1918. Mr. N. C. Kingsbury, Vice President, American Telephone and Telegraph Co. Dear Sir: Acting under your arrangement with Dr. Garfield, I have been engaged a substantial part of the time, and Messrs. Gray, Livmgston, and Stevens the entire time, since December 11 last m studying the organization of the United States Fuel Administration with a view to suggesting possible changes in organiza- tion that would result in more effective operation. We found the organization enthusiastic and loyal. Although it might be expected that study of an organization leading to recommendations for change would lead to iU feeling, our reception has been cordial and we have profited by helpful cooperation. Based on our study of the situation, I have recommended various changes in the general organization and have discussed with Dr. Garfield my behef that the organization is now underofiicered. The changes recommended are designed to secure more effective control through the reassociation of activities and the appointment of additional executives. All of the general features of our recommendations were approved in December. Since then .we have been engaged in developing the detail of these plans and have actively assisted to a considerable extent in putting into effect the portions of the plans which concern the distribution of bituminous coal, including the prepara- tion of a coal "budget" and the appointment of district representatives in mine fields. In addition to this, Mr. Gray served as Business Manager for about five weeks. He was relieved of this work on February 13 by the appointment of Mr. R. S. Neely, of the Ford Motor Co., as Business Manager. Studies of the mechanical features of office manag-ement, as filing systems, etc., are being carried on by men secured for the purpose who report to the Business Manager. We have personally studied the broader organization problems, which were more important and offered correspondingly greater opportunity for effective service. As to the organization for the distribution of coal, very definite progress has been made. This has been possible because of the early and complete approval given the plan proposed, and because the Manager of Distribution, who was appointed January 24, has been actively interested in its development. With regard to other activities, less progress has been made. This is largely due to the lack of an executive to fill the proposed position of Assistant Administrator in charge of all functions other than the apportionment and distribution of fuels. Until this appointment is made, or until the existing bureau heads adopt a more definite program for the development of organization and prosecution of their work, there is little that we can do to assist in putting our recommendations into effect. It seems proper that we should render any possible assistance in the introduction of new plans, but once started they should be further developed by members of the permanent organization. As to the distribution work, we have rendered this initial assistance. Under present conditions I feel that prolonging our study would add but little to the work now done, and therefore submit this report for your information and for transmission to Dr. Garfield. A chart of the organization, prepared prior to our arrival, is included as Appendix A. The organization outline recommended by us and now partly in effect is shown in Appendix B. This includes an outline chart of the entire organization and detailed charts of the various bureaus supplemented by descriptions of their functions and relations. The chart is, of course, only suggestive as to those offices not now filled, and subject to modification to suit the personalities and abilities of the persons concerned. Our principal recommendations may be grouped under the following general captions: (1) General lines of organization; (2) organization of Distribution Division; (3) organization of the Division under a proposed Assistant Administrator; and (4) recommendation for routine conferences. 1. General Lines of Organization. On December 11, eight operating bureaus reported directly to the Administrator, in addition to secretaries and six staff assistants, most of whom had been assigned active operating duties. This arrangement, together with the large demands for conferences and interviews, imposed a heavy burden on Dr. Garfield. On December 16, we recommended that the line of report from the then eight bureau heads be centered through two men, one of whom should be designated Assistant Administrator and the other Manager of Distribution. It was recommended that the Assistant Administrator be the senior officer who would take the place of the chief executive in his absence and regularly supervise all organization activities except the apportionment and dis- tribution of fuel. It was further recommended that the staff advisors be relieved of all operating work and that the various activities which they carried be transferred to the operating divisions under the Assistant Adniinistrator or the Manager of Distribution. Later in December it was recommended that Mr. Nasmyth, 41 42 FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. then in charge of the Administrative Division, be appointed executive secretary and be relieved of all the work of office management, which should be centered in a new ofiicer to be known as Business Manager. The recommendation as to the executive secretary was approved, and to permit of its becoming effective Mr. Gray was designated Business Manager and assumed most of this work for the period January lO-February 13 pending the final appointment of Mr. R. S. Neely as Business Manager on the latter date. Mr. Nasmyth was formally appointed executive secretary on January 22. This appointment, together with certain related changes and rearrangements of office space, afforded Dr. Garfield a substantial relief from pressure of interviews and administrative details. The plan to relieve the staff advisors of all operating work was approved as a plan, but has not been carried out. It can not be effected until the other bureaus and divisions are sufficiently organized to take over the work. It is important that this be done, (1) so that related operating activities may be coordinated under responsible bureau and division heads, and (2) that the advisory staff may be freed from operating so as to permit of their serving their real purpose, which is to act as an advisory board with sufficient free time to carefully consider general programs and policies. Certain of these continuing activities are properly staff jobs, but the men handling such work should, so far as possible, report to the responsible bureau or division heads. The recommendation as to the new office of Manager of Distribution was approved. Mr. J. D. A. Morrow was appointed on January 28. The plan to establish the office of Assistant Administrator was approved, but no appointment has been made. It was decided by Dr. Garfield that Mr. M. L. Requa, Director of Oil Division, should report directly to the Administrator. 2. Organization of Distribution Division. The organization for handling emergency requests for coal was admittedly unsatisfactory. The then Bureau of Apportionment and Distribution consisted of 10 sections, each in charge of one or more men and each dealing with the needs of a group of industries, and of seven additional sections, each concerned with domestic and miscellaneous industrial requirements in a territorial division. The practical difficulty was that this form of organization rendered impossible proper supervision and a consideration of the relative needs of the various industries and sections of the country. Under this arrangement a considerable number of people were forward- ing emergency requests or orders to individual shippers without a knowledge of the shippers' ability to meet such demands. A memorandum covering our original recommendation to remedy the situation is included in this report as Appendix C. On December 17, Dr. Garfield approved the general plan, and on January 9 the recommendation was discussed in conference by Dr. Garfield, his staff, and all bureau heads. The conclusion was that the plan as recommended should be put into effect as rapidly as possible except that the proposed division distributors, each having jurisdiction over a group of States, should for the present at least be located at headquarters instead of in the various areas over which they had jurisdiction. The plan provided for some 20 producing areas, each under the jurisdiction of a district representative of the Fuel Administrator, who would secure from mines and shippers aU required statistics and allot among such mines and shippers in an equitable manner all the emergency orders and requests for fuel to be supplied 'from that mine field. The district representatives appointed are commonly the secretaries of bituminous coal operators' associations, and by reason of their proximity and knowledge of the local conditions have already served a very useful purpose. Eighteen district representatives have been appointed, as described in the memorandum included in Appendix C. On the appointment of each of the district representatives the Director General of Railroads is requested to designate a railroad representative to cooperate with and aid the Fuel Administration representative in respect to transportation problems. The plan further contemplated that the United States should be divided into 11 consuming divisions, each comprising several States and each as nearly as possible homogeneous with regard to its needs and producing districts from which the needs are supplied. The division distributors, who were proposed as intermediate officers between State administrators and Washington with regard to the distribution of fuel, have not been appointed, although at the present time the States are, as a matter of necessity, grouped territorially for the purpose of handling distribution work from Washington. A third feature of the plan was that there be prepared a budget of bituminous coal, apportioning to the various consuming divisions and States, on the basis of commercial necessity and economy of transportation, the coal produced in various districts. It is believed that a considerable saving in car service will be effected through this control of long hauls and cross hauls, and that the budget, if fully used as the basis for a program of transportation, will permit an intelligent distribution that will control shortages. On December 20 we started, and have since promoted, the preparation of a bituminous-coal budget, which is described in more detail in Appendix C. vln embargo plan suggested by the railroads on December 19, restricting the territory FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. 43 to be served by various producing districts, has been combined with the budget plan and will be an effective instrument in limiting the territory to which shipment m,ay be made. The Fuel Administration had no statistical basis for determining the practicability of the railroad plan until the budget was tentatively completed on February 9. The original railroad proposals are now being modified as a result of checking against the budget figures. The detailed headquarters organization plan for the Distribution Division is largely completed. It can not be effectively operated, however, until several important offices are filled by appointments from the coal and transportation businesses. Inasmuch as a complete control of coal distribution for the entire "coal year," beginning AprU 1, is essential it is important that the appointments be made promptly. Mr. Morrow appreciates this situation and has already made some progress in securing competent men to supplement his present stafi' The proposed organization for this division contemplates that all matters of transportation be handled in one of the bureaus under the Manager of Distribution. This important work is now handled by a member of the advisory staff. Whether distribution and transportation should be organized under coordinate heads or one should be organized under the other is a practical problem of personnel rather than a matter of logical arrange- ment of organization. If these activities are made coordinate, a new office should be created intermediate between them and the Administrator. This arrangement would serve to keep down the number of the Admin- istrator's immediate subordinates and would offer an expedient means to strengthen the administration of this work if experience indicates such action necessary. Organization Under a Proposed Assistant Administrator. The principal change recommended and approved which has not been effected is the creation of the office of Assistant Administrator, to be in charge of legal matters, price policy and adjustments, conservation, publicity, general office management, and supervision of State administrators' organizations. It is believed that the Administration is now underofficered and that carrpng out a program to adequately prepare for the stress of next winter's demands will require more direction and more energetic control than is possible without supple- menting the present staff with a high-grade executive who shall have a considerable amount of authority. The inteUigent apportionment and distribution of coal can not be made without active cooperation by the executive bureaus, because apportionment is largely dependent on prescribed regulations governing contracts, determina- tion of order of preference among industries, together with the adjustment of base prices, price control to insure adequate storing during the sunamer months, etc. The increase in the executive staff has not kept pace with the increase in the total organization or in the volume of work. Supplementing the organization of the executive bureaus by the appointment of an Assistant Administrator is believed to be urgent in order to tie together and energize the work of the entire Administration. The Bureau of Public Information and the Bureau of State Organizations are undermanned. Mr. Sart- well and Mr. Hope, heads of these bureaus, are now increasing their organizations. As to the Bureau of State Organizations, it is believed very important that the State administrators be given more help than they are now receiving in the way of specific instruction as to what preparation they should make for the next "coal year." This can best be done through field agents, and it is suggested that at least for the next few months several such men be employed. At the present time representatives of the Federal Trade Commission visit State administrators, and although copies of their reports are sent to Mr. Hope the men are not . under his direc- tion or authority. It is recommended that if arrangements can not be made to have these men definitely assigned to the Fuel Administration other men be secured to carry on this work. A statement of the relation of State administrators to Washington and to district representatives and an outline of the responsibilities of each is included in Appendix B3. This statement is accompanied by a chart of a suggested type of State organization. Copies have been handed to Mr. Hope and to Mr. Morrow. An immediate responsibility of the Bureau of State Organizations is the development of a plan for applying the bituminous budget within each State, where its operation becomes the duty of the State organization. General features of this work have been discussed but no one has completed the details. Broadly the plan is that the tonnage allotted to the State be apportioned to the several communities or counties within the State and the shipments to each such local area be scheduled by months and weeks, with weekly reports of shipments to aflFord a basis for any action necessary to meet the requirements. At the present time the Manager of Dis- tribution is probably in the best position to conduct this study and is taking steps to have it carried through. It should be pressed as rapidly as possible. The suggested lines of organization shown in Appendix B have been approved in most instances by the present bureau heads. They are of course subject to modification to meet the personality of new officers or to meet changes in the work handled. It should be noted here that Mr. Nims, now in charge of legal matters and operators' base prices, has not approved the charts of his activities. Mr. Nims approves the recommended transfer of retail-price matters to his bureau, but thinks that law and prices should not be separately organized 44 FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. and that the force should not be augumented at this time because of his belief that the principal work has been accomplished. I recommend that the activities be separately organized and that both lines of work be strengthened. As to the Bureau of Conservation, but little change is advocated in the work of conservation itself. It is recommended that certain activities now being handled by this bureau be transferred to other bureaus. The preparation of material to be used in campaigns for fuel conservation should remain in the Bureau of Con- servation, but the editing of this material from a publicity standpoint and its distribution to the public in any form whatsoever should be done by the Bureau of Public Information. This is in order that the latter bureau may be able to have complete knowledge and contact with all information given to the public with regard, to all work of the Fuel Administration and in order that there may be no unnecessary duplication of facilities. For the same reasons the advertising of the Bureau of Conservation should be handled by the Bureau of Public Information, which will make use of the facilities of the United States Food Administration. The library and the speakers should also be transferred to this bureau, the first simply as a matter of logical arrangement and the second in order that the Bureau of Information may properly control all verbal as well as written publicity. Exports of fuel are now being controlled by the Bureau of Conservation. It is recommended that this work be transferred to the organization of the Manager of Distribution. The statistical work of the bureau can probably be better handled, and without duplication of effort, by the Bureau of Statistics. Suggestions as to the organization to handle the proper work of the Bureau of Conservation are given in the section on Conservation in Appendix B. It does not seem advisable to attempt detail of organization of the Oil Division until that work has been further developed. Recommendation for Routine Conferences. It was recommended that a staff conference be scheduled regularly two or three times each week to be attended by the Administrator, his advisory staff, and the principal operating heads. The purpose of such conferences is to enable the Administrator to establish a common understanding of policies and a full knowledge of principal activities together with definition as to the proper function of each of the several organization units. A memorandum concerning this in greater detail was furnished the executive secretary and is included in Appendix C. The plan has been put into effect. It is further recommended that until there is a common understanding of the lines of organization and the activities conducted by each of the several bureaus within each division, i. e., Assistant Administrator (or the senior executive bureau head) and Manager of Distribution, each division head hold a brief conference to be sched- uled for certain days each week, probably three, at which each bureau head shall briefly state his then present problems and principal activity. These conferences should be attended by the head of the Bureau of Public Information or his representative. The necessity for division conferences will lessen as the organization lines become cleared, but they should be held frequently for the next several months. Conclusion. It will be noted that frequent reference is made to my belief that the Administration is now imderofficered, and to recommendations that new offices be created in various bureaus. In general the recommendations have been approved, but in many instances have not been acted on. Arrangements concerning Dr. Garfield'^ personal staff have been completed and have resulted in distinct benefit. Substantial progress has been made in connection with the organization of the Manager of Distribution, and Mr. Morrow has now arranged for the services of a man to handle the important Bureau of Bituminous Coal. However the staff offices suggested in Mr. Morrow's organization have not in any case been filled, and until they are, satisfactory progress can not be made, since studies by these staff men are essential to the carrying out of policies, if not to the formulation of those policies. The appointment of an Assistant Administrator, which was first tentatively a,pproved December 17, has not been acted upon. I have repeatedly urged that this appointment be made and feel that it is essential to successful operation. An evidence of the necessity for strengthening the executive staff is the occasion for the conference of February 20, when various committees were assigned problems in connection with a program for the coming year. The "coal year" begins April 1, and adequate plans for so comprehensive an undertaking should have been approved by this time to afford an opportimity for the develop- ment of the necessary machinery, particularly as concerns the field organizations. A more liberal organiza- tion would have permitted this. We appreciate that the present staff has given faithful support and industrious effort, but feel that it is inadequate to cope with a problem of the magnitude to be handled and that it should be substantially reinforced. If there be a sound criticism of the orgaization of the Fuel Administration, it is not the inadequacy of the past, but the delay in overcoming this inadequacy by organizing for the future. Respectfully submitted. H. G. Atwater. UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRAT ORGANIZATION CHART DE:C.I7J9I7- ( Prepared prior to and illustrating the organization at the commencement of the study.) MUWITCPUNTJ H.C.Lewis CLVYahcmon CORSUfflPTlON BV PLAMT5 WEST A.O Dooley COMFIUMATION J.OKni^ht PUBLIC UTILI" ».O.M'-Canaut^f T«*CT10« JAfj nicy Moore 122G00— 21. (To face pavjo 4-1.) APPENDIX A. OIL. In formatisfn E.lf.Sartwell Stenography V. L.Mack Mai/ Ah^. ^./? ftef^fne^ At'ss. fr.i..Ct4trft Ark. ^sX CmtcSi c^ur A. e^ot r^abacher Ce^fo. rf.j.CyjV.Armjrronf Vf, M.J M Jorre3 ya- ff.r. I5yr AGENTS in Pri^oeipal Oontumlng Areas DISTRICT COKE REPRESENTATIVES BUREAU OF COKE. coal for steam and other purposes. Ultimately the Bureau of Coke might be combined with the Bureau of Bituminous Coal. The head of the bureau will be known as Director of Coke Distribution. The Bureau of Coke should probably have three sections as follows : 1. Section on Coke Consumption. 2. Section on Coke-producing Districts and Coke Pools. 3. Section on Interviews, Correspondence, and Reports. 1. The shortage of coke and its industrial importance may make necessary field agents in the principal consuming areas to investigate the use to which coke is put in order that the supply may be conserved for the most essential uses. 2. It is planned to have a district coke representative in the region which includes the Connellsvdle, Latrobe and Greensburg fields to represent the Fuel Administration in the distribution of coke and possibly of coal' because so large a percentage of the coal produced is coked at the mines, and the coal shipped is largely used for special purposes. A coke pool is now under consideration for this region. If established, the Bureau of Coke will probably need a man at Washington to supervise the operation of the pool. 3. The third section will handle general correspondence and interviews not referred to the heads of the other sections and will study current reports. It is recommended that the advice of the Bureau of Statistics be secured as to forms of reports' and that any large statistical compilation or analysis be undertaken by that bureau rather than by a statistician in the Bureau of Coke. 64 FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION. The Distribution Division must have constant information on transportation conditions affecting produc- tion and distribution of coal and coke and must have advice on the transportation phases of proposed action. During times of shortage this bureau will become an operating bureau and will handle diversions where necessary to relieve extreme emergencies, to relieve congestions at junctions or terminals. This bureau will also serve as the operating point of contact between the Fuel Administration and the Railroad Administration on matters affecting the transportation of fuel. The bureau should be currently advised of embargoes, of threatened congestions, of car supply, and of the performance of different railroads in carrying the required amount of coal to meet the distribution program of the Fuel Administration. It will also receive current reports on transportation conditions in the coastwise and lake coal-carrjring trade. This bureau will keep in touch with terminal pools in order to advise the Administration of their effective- ness as agencies for saving transportation; recommend extensions or modifications of the plan; wiU advise on pools in the producing districts; on plans for billing at the scales; on methods and facilities at tidewater and lake ports; on tidewater pools and lake pools; and on any other arrangements designed to effect savings in coal or coke transportation. BT]REA.U OP TRABSPORTATIQN md Poolliig Arraaseaenta Seetion on EASTERN RAIL transport at ion Section on SOVZSERN RAH Transportation REPRESEHPATIVE to deal with GAR SERVICE, PRICHlITIBS.Eta Section on CEIITRAI and WESTERN RAIL Tr anspoirt at ion ! Section on JIDEWATER POOLS and OOA^rWISS Tranaportat Ion Section on LAKE POOLS and LAJCE Tranaportat ion It will determine the number of coastwise and lake boats required to carry out the Administration's plans of distribution and present such data to the Shipping Board. The railroad men designated by the Railroad Administration to cooperate with district representatives wUl probably be of assistance in relieving transportation difficulties if district representatives are given tempo- rary authority over routing and destination of coal shipments for the purpose of preventing railroad congestion. This arrangement should largely prevent the necessity of handling diversions from Washington. The Bureau of Transportation should be in close touch with these agents of the railroads in producing districts. The organization suggested will consist of: 1. A staff representative to deal with the railroad administration's car service board on questions of assigned cars, priorities, and car supply. This work might be handled for the present by the head of the Bureau. 2. Three railroad transportation men familiar with transportation of coal in the eastern, the southern, and the central and western sections of the country, respectively, who wiU receive reports on rail transportation and will order diversions in these sections. 3. A man familiar with operation of coal docks, who will keep informed of conditions at each tidewater port and coastwise coal traffic. If a man experienced in tidewater transportation is secured as head of the Fli^Ai REPORT^ OF TSE UNlf ED Si'ATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. 65 Section on Bunker and Offshore Export in the Bureau of Bituminous Coal, these functions might be assigned to him . -nil 4. A man famihar with lake coal transportation to perform sunilar functions in connection with lake traffic. BUREAU OF STATISTICS. The duty of the Bureau of Statistics will be to compile statistics on production, distribution, and consump- tion of bituminous coal, anthracite, and coke for the Fuel Administration and for the Geological Survey. This bureau will not be called upon to perform the statistical work on costs and prices. It will make all specia statistical studies and will combine into supervisory reports all current statistical reports from State adminis trators, division distributors, district representatives, and from tidewater and lake ports, railroads shipping BUREAU OF STATISTICS Section on PRODUCTION STATISTICS Section on DISTRIBUTIOH & BUDGET STATISTICi Section on CONSUMPTIOH STATISTICS Soetios on SPECIAL STATISTICAL BKP0RT3 coal, etc. However, duplicate copies of current reports should go to the bureau or section in direct control of particular agencies. For example, the man in Washington (in the Section of Producing Districts) who super- vises a particular district representative will receive and analyze current reports from such field officer and be charged with the responsibility of reporting to his superior any conditions which will be the basis for action by the Administration, but the consolidation of reports from aU district representatives will be by the Bureau of Statistics. All plans for reports and questionnaires required for any bureau should be developed in cooperation with the Bureau of Statistics. Statistical work in connection with the budget of bituminous coal will be under this bureau, although a separate office on the staff of the assistant to the Manager of Distribution will be charged with the responsibility of initiating suggestions of changes in zones and budget and of conducting conferences with the representatives of railroads, producers, and consumers interested in such changes. The Bureau of Statistics is essentially a staff bureau rather than an operating bureau and should ultimately report through the assistant to the Manager of Distribution who is in charge of other staff offices. 122600—21 5 APPENDIX :63. SUGGESTED TYPE OF STATE ORGANIZATION. The blue print and chart illustrate the functional relation between the activities directed by a State fuel administrator and the corresponding activities performed imder the direction of the United States Fuel Admin- istrator at national headquarters. The assumed State organization in this instance would include about 25 persons. In practice many States will not require that number to carry on the work. The same activities, however, will be conducted in each instance, but one person will handle several lines of work. For instance, this chart shows about 14 persons under the head of " Ofl&ce Management," but for a smaller volume of work this number might be reduced to two or three people without change in the type of work performed. One man might handle the activities indicated as "Assistant State Administrator," "Conservation," "Public Information," and "Prices," or any combina- tion of these activities. Ordinarily the activity indicated as "Distribution" will require the full time of at least one person, who should be familiar with distribution of fuel. Legal advice wiU probably in all cases be part time or occasional volunteer service. The dotted lines connecting the headquarters organization with the State organization do not indicate direct lines of report, but rather the fact that general plans for carrying on and supervising various phases of the work performed by a State organization are formulated in the corresponding offices at headquarters. Instruc- tions, methods, and campaigns may be initiated in any one of the divisions at national headquarters and are transmitted to the various units of the State organization through the State administrator. The relations between the distribution work of district representatives in producing districts and that of State administrators is also shown. The heavy dotted line indicates that State administrators wiU deal directly with district representatives on questions of coal supply and distribution for the State, and should not send emergency requests through the Washington office. The relation between, and responsibilities of, the field officers and of Washington as to the distribution of coal are described in the following memorandum: , memorandum re organization status op field officers. February 28, 1918. The attached blue print illustrates an organization for a State administrator and its relation (1) to national headquarters at Washington, and (2) to the coordinate field officer, the district representative. It will be noted that the line of report from a State administrator to Washington is shown as coming through the Bureau of State Organi- zations. It is a fact, however, that a State administrator serves as afield officer in carrying out policies, general programs, and instructions from each of the operating bureaus at national headquarters. For example, as to conservation, general campaigns will be planned and initiated at Washington, but will be carried out through the State organization. With respect to such work the State administrator will correspond directly with and will take suggestions and instructions from the head of the Bureau of Conservation at Washiagton. The State administrator will probably carry out the actual detail of the work delegated from Washington through the service of an employee engaged on conservation work, but Mr. Noyes's correspondent in the State organization, at least in the present state of development of State organi- zations, will be the State administrator himself. At a later date, if the State organizations are largely developed and individual bureaus largely strengthened the bureau heads at Washington might correspond directly with bureau heads in the States. The arrangement just described for conservation work applies to each of the activities pictured on this chart, but applies more particu- larly with regard to the work of distribution than any other, because distribution is the principal work for which a State administrator is responsible. It is because of the variety of the functions conducted in each of the States and the necessity for establishing at national headquarters one point of contact and one representative of the national organization who might be looked upon as the State administrator's representative here to adjust differences, to secure and transmit adequate interpretations of policy, and to serve as the home office for all purposes not clearly delegated to some other bureau, that the Bureau of State Organizations has been established. The principal responsibility of the head of this bureau is to see that the State administrators are adequately and properly organized. In the matter of distribution, and any other activities of the Fuel Administration, the seat of authority is Washington, and matters of general policy are to be determined at Washington. In the carrying out of this policy there will be two lines of field officers: (1) District representatives, who will be located in producing districts to keep the Administration advised of conditions of production and who will be the officers of the Administration through whom any directions necessary in the control of distribution will be transmitted to the operators or shippers; (2) State administrators, who will represent the Fuel Administration in the consuming territories and who will be responsible for carrying out the general policies of the Ad minis tration so far as they affect such consuming territory. District representatives will be solely responsible to the Distribution Division of the Fuel A dminis tration. State administrators, as indicated above, are charged with duties other than assisting in the distribution of fuel. However, in distrilpution matters they will receive functional supervision from the Distribution Division through the Section on Consuming Divisions. District representatives will be assisted in their work by assistant 66 JlUAL KEPOST of the UNITED STAGES FUEL ADMINISTRATOli. 6^ <0 si I.* ^ h '^ W N 11. ^*^ >- ^ < f5 o S t U) o Uj -> Uj 10 K 1) J; c li.p 1 1 (\ -v:^*^ 68 FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. district representatives worHiig under their supervision in certain sections of the producing districts. State administrators will similarly have the assistance of local committees, county committees, or local administrators representing them in specified portions of their consum- ing territories. It has been felt by some members of the Administration that the State administrators are not part of the distribution machinery on account of the fact that the direct line of report is to the Bureau of State Organizations, which is not part of the Distribution Division, and that State administrators can not be utilized in distribution work because in some instances their activities in connection with distribution have been subject to criticism. The tendency has been heretofore to consider that aii work of distribution should be handled by the Dis- tribution Division at Washington and the district representatives who are imder the direct authority of this division. It is necessary for the Administration to have representatives in consuming territories to act as the Administration's agents in questions of distribution, and it is preferable to strengthen the existing agencies, namely. State fuel administrators and their local representatives, rather than to set up a new line of distribution officers in various consuming territories. To accomplish this purpose it is necessary (1) to prescribe definite methods, records, and reports for the distribution work of State administrators; (2) to enforce on the part of State administrators more active supervision of distribution work; and (3) to secure the assistance of men familiar with the distribution of coal on the staff of each State administrator. These men should be chosen by the State administrator, as the direct responsibility for their actions rests with him, but in each case the selection should be approved by the Distribution Division at Washington, in order to insure the selection of men of proper qual- ifications who will work in harmony with the plans and policies of the Distribution Division. In order that the division of authority and responsibility between the Washington office, State administrators, and district representatives may be more clearly defined, the attached statement has been prepared, which outlines very briefly the duties and authority of each in handling the various kinds of work required to control distribution successfully. Memo re responsibility of headquarters and field officers in distribution {February S8, 1918). Responsibility. Washington. State administrators. District representatives. 1. Policy and authority 2. Production 3. Use of cars. 4. Policyastoessential uses. 5. Supply of essentials. 6. Distribution among consuming areas. 7. Distribution within communities. Emergency orders and requests. 10. Diversions. 11. Payment. 12. Contracts - General policy and final authority EesponsibiUty for production as affected by labor, price, mine supplies, ear service; records of production and lost working time. Development of plans for securing best use of cars and negotiation with Railioad Director. Policy as to preferential supply for essential in- dustries established in conjunction with other Government departments; interpretation of this pohoy intermsof specific plants by Army, Navy^ etc., to be sent to State administrators and district representatives. Direct control to insure supply to certain essen- tial users, as bunker railroads, by-product coke plants; current records on supply of these users. ResponsibiUty for control of supply between States to secure equitable distribution and proper supply (or export, bunker, railroads, coke making, etc.; current records on ship- ments to each State (in totals and for important cities); budget by States, modified as necessary. Developments of plans for domestic distribution within communities. Development of plans for encouraging storage among essential consumers and in locahties least accessible to producing districts. Issuance of emergency orders m favor of railroads, bunker, export, by-product coke plants and when requests of State administrators are uu C effective; issuance of emergency requests— shouldspecify who is to be cut off, if necessary, in order to fill emergency order. Make diversions to clear up congestions or reheve severe emergencies; report action to consignee, shipper and district representative; specify methods of State and local administration in making diversions. Responsibility for arrangements for prompt and full payment in case of diversions and emer- gency requests and orders issued by Washing- ton; responsibihty for methods employed by State administrators in arrangements for pay- ment. Development and pubhcation of contract poUcy; receipt and review of contracts; authority to cancel or modify. No authority over district representatives No responsibihty on production; study records of production to enable intelhgent placing of requests. Encourage prompt unloading and return of cars. Local appUcation of policy within State Responsibility for insuring supply for all essen- tial uses within State; current records on most important users in State. Responsibility for control of distribution between consuming units within State to secure equita- ble distribution; current records on shipments to each consu min g unit in State; distribution of State budget among consuming units. ResponsibiUty for equitable domestic distribu- tion within communities— under the control of local administrators. Responsibility for sufficient storage — working through local administrators. Issuance of emergency requests— should specify who is to be cut off, if necessary, in order to fill emergency requests; apply to Washington for order when request proves ineffective. Make diversions of coal consigned to their State to relieve severe emergencies; local admin- istrators make diversions of coal consigned to their territory to relieve severe emergencies ; report action to consignee, shipper and district representatives. ResponsibiUty for making arrangements for prompt and f uU payment in case of diversions or emergency requests issued by them. No responsibihty or authority; investigations on request; notification to Washington of ob- served irregularities. No authority over State administrators. Advise Washington on means of increasing production; reports of production and lost working time to Washmgton and to State administrators. Proper routing of shipments; advise Wash- ington and railroad representative on best use of cars. No discretion. Will use poUcy as guide if required to reduce shipments through failure of Washington or State administrators to specify who shaU have shipments cut off. Responsible only for carrying out instruc- tions from Washington and from State ad- ministrators regarding destination of ship- ments. Reports to Washington and States on destination of shipments. No responsibUity except to make shipments on request or order to designated communi- ties and designated large consumers (only when necessar;y for shipping certain sections of a community shall district representa- tives be responsible for shipments to desig- nated dealers). No respousibiUty except as noted above in controUing destination of shipments as directed. Place emergency orders and requests with shippers; notify person originating request if unable to comply. Make no diversions except when speciflcaUy requested by Washington. No responsibihty. Receipt and custody of contract information; reconmiendation to Washington of desira- ble contract changes to correct commercial and transportation abuses. APPENDIX C. This appendix is a collection of memoranda, letters, etc., selected as typical of the work involved in intro- ducing the organization changes which have been approved. They also serve to explain certain features of the work in more detail than is convenient in the report. Cl. Draft of distribution plan, dated December 28, 1917. An early draft, not included herein, was used as the basis for bringing the plan before Mr. Nims, ISIr. Hope, Mr. Snead and other bureau heads. After all concerned, including Dr. Garfield, had approved the scheme in outline, this second memorandum, dated December 28, was prepared in which the appHcation of the plan is discussed in some detail. The part of the second draft which refers to distribution was the subject of a conference by Dr. Garfield, his staff, and all bureau heads after they had had an opportunity to study it. The only feature of this plan not approved is the proposal that division distributors (each having jurisdiction over several States) be located in the field. 02. Eoutine for appointing district representatives and specimen set of letters in connection with each appointment : (a) Inquiry to the operators as to acceptability. (6) Letter of appointment. (c) Advice to shippers. (d) Advice to State administrators. (e) Letter to Railroad Administration. 03. Oopy of general letters describing the distribution plan. 0-i. Instructions and forms for district representatives. 05. Progress report on appointments of district representatives as of February 15. 06. Report on coal budget. 07. Memorandum suggesting staff conferences. Cl. DRAFT OF DISTRIBUTION PLAN. MEMORANDUM KE OEGANIZATION OP THE tTNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION. (Third draft.) December 28, 1917. Dr. Garfield: This memorandum consists of two parts: First, a suggested change in the general organization of the Fuel Administra- tion at national headquarters; second, a suggestion, in greater detail, as to the organization of the proposed Bureau of Bituminous Coal. General Headquarters Organization. At the present time the United States Fuel Administrator has 14 immediate subordinates, 8 of whom are bureau or division chiefs. This arrangement, together with the necessarily large amount of time required for conference and interviews, imposes too great a burden upon the Administrator to secure the most effective results. To remedy this situation, it is recommended that the lines of report be cen- tered through two men iiMtead of through eight bureau heads as at present. It is proposed that one of these men be appointed Assistant Administrator, to exercise the functions of the Administrator in his absence and to be in charge of all activities other than the apportion- ment and distribution of fuel. It is recommended that the other man reporting directly to the Administrator be entitled Manager of Distribution. The present organization includes the six staff advisors to the Administrator. It is recommended that the staff be continued on the present basis but that, so far as practicable, all administrative or other routine work now handled by the staff advisors be transferred to the proper organization unit. This is in order that the Administrator 's staff may not carry any continuing activities other than those of a purely advisory nature, and that each definite function of the Administration shall have a fixed place either in the organization of the Assistant Administrator or in that of the Manager of Distribution. Organization of the Assistant Administrator. The Assistant Administrator shall make recommendations to the Administrator as to the determination of operators ' base prices and as to the policy and general regulations governing the adjustment of jobbers' and retail prices. He shall be in general charge of adjust- ments of retail prices and of all legal, accounting, and fiscal matters, publicity, conservation, general administration, etc., as indicated in the diagram on the next following sheet. Organization of the Manager of Distribution. The Manager of Distribution shall be in charge of the production, apportionment, and distribution of all fuel and shall be assigned all activities now handled by (a) the Bureau or Apportionment and Distribution, (6) the Bureau of State Organizations (as to matters of appor- tionment and distribution), (c) the Bureau of Exports, {d) the Bureau of Coke, and (e) the Bureau of Fuel Oil. Bituminous coal, anthra- 69 70 FINAL KEPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTKATOR. cite coal, coke, natural gas, fuel oil, and petroleum should be handled separately or in groups by different bureaus under the Manager of Distribution, and, in any case, all matters pertaining to the production, apportionment, and distribution of any fuel should be organized under the Manager of Distribution and none of these bureaus should come directly under the Fuel Administrator. Bureau of Bituminous Coal. General. — Under the present form of organization there is a very considerable concentration of authority at Washington, due to the •fact that orders for the apportionment and distribution of bituminous coal, as distinguished from requests, are issued only by the Admin- istrator in person. Rapidly increasing demands for relief have resulted in a necessary division of work in the Bureau of Apportionment and Distribution. This division has followed industrial lines rather than organization, functional, or territorial lines. The result has been a very large staff reporting directly to the bureau head, making proper coordination of the work impossible. Effective coordination of the apportionment and distribution of fuel throughout the United States requires control from a single source, to secure a common expression and interpretation of the general principles and regulations under which remedial measiu-es are to be applied; and it is believed that this control should be maintained from Washington. The present plan of dividing the work of the bureau, however, has resulted in a lack of coordination of effort and of a uniform manner of dealing wijth the field. This situation has been recognized by those in authority, and steps which have been taken and which are now under consideration contemplate the decentralization of the work now handled in Washington and are along the same general lines as, those which are here recommended. It is recommended that the work of apportionment and distribution of bituminous coal be partially decentralized and operated through 11 divisions, each under the immediate direction of a division distributor. Under this arrangement, State administrators will deal directly with a division distributor on all matters concerning apportionment and distribution of bituminous coal. They will deal directly with the Assistant Administrator at Washington, or his proper subordinate bureau head, on all matters relating to the adjustment of operators' base prices and jobbers' and retail prices, as well as on all matters of accounts, conservation, publicity, or the legality of their acts or proposed practices. The details of the present practice and the proposed arrangement are outlined in the following pages. Present methods. — Requests for relief due to coal shortage are at present handled in three different ways. The request may be made (a) directly to the Distribution Division at Washington, (5) to the State administrator, or (c) to the local (county) committee. Unless requests made directly to headquarters appear to be urgent they are referred back to the State administrator for investigation, the State administrator in tiu-n referring them to the local committee and acting upon the latter 's report. If the State administrator is unable to obtain the necessary coal without a mandatory order, the case is referred back to headquarters, where an order is prepared by the Distri- bution Division and issued after signature by the Administrator. Requests for relief made directly to headquarters, if felt to be urgent are handled from Washington without reference to the State admin- istrators or the local committee. In such cases the statistical department may or may not be consulted to determine upon what producer the order should be issued. The present Bureau of Apportionment and Distribution consists of 11 sections, each in charge of one or more men and dealing with the needs of a group of industries. One section, that concerned with domestic and miscellaneous industrial requirements, is itself divided into seven subdivisions along territorial lines. Any request for relief that is handled in Washington is referred to the man in charge of the particular industry for which relief is sought. If examination of the evidence submitted seems to indicate a real necessity for immediate relief, and if the use to which the coal is to be put appears sufficiently important, an order for relief is issued. In about half of the cases the man directing the relief applies to the office of the statistician for a recommendation as to the particular operator who should supply the shortage. This is determined by the statistician from the records of production and standing contracts of the operators most suitably located with reference to the applicant. An order is then drawn up, directing the particular producer selected to ship the required tonnage immediately to the applicant. This order is referred to the head of the Bureau of Apportionment and Distribution for approval and to the Administrator for signature. Such orders are mandatory and must be followed by the producer if possible. When an application for relief is made directly to the State administrator, unless the emergency seems to be suflSciently urgent to make immediate action essential, it is referred to the local committee for investigation. If the latter considers the need to be sufficient and the use to which the coal is to be put satisfactory, the committee will attempt to secure a supply locally. Where this attempt fails, the recommendation of the committee is referred to the State administrator for approval, and the latter requests any producer or dealer whom he may select to supply the coal if possible. This faiHng, the recommendation of the State administrator is forwarded to Washing- ton and is handled in a manner similar to the emergency requests just described. State administrators and the local committees are not authorized to issue orders or to requisition coal. They are obliged to work through request, cooperation, and public sentiment. In the case of coal for Government use orders and requests are not made on particular producers but are handled by two men in each coal-producing State, who report to the head of the Bureau of Apportionment and Distribution. These field agents apportion such orders and requests equitably among the individual shippers and mines in their respective States. Reasons for changing present methods.— The foregoing method was necessarily adopted owing to the exigencies of the moment and the necessity for prompt handling of all emergency needs. At the time the Fuel Administrator was appointed (Aug. 23, 1917) the actual coal shortage had already in many places become acute. This prevented the immediate adoption of a plan which would be both compre- hensive and entirely equitable. The frequency with which emergency shortages have arisen has made it necessary to continue for the present to handle each case on its own merits, and it has not been possible to give full consideration to the relative needs of the various industries and of the different sections of the country. The latter characteristic of the present method of dealing with the situation results in a hand-to-mouth policy which will become increasingly objectionable as time passes. No pro^dsion can be made for allotting the available supply of coal to the various States and industries in proportion to their needs. While it may be possible in individual instances to determine that the need is less pressing than in other cases which will arise, and consequently to limit the supply of coal apportioned to the applicant, this can not be done scienti£cally or systematically. Such a method will undoubtedly lead, through a consideration of individual needs rather than the relative needs of all to inequitable distribution and eventually to almoreIacute[shortage[than would otherwise have occurred. Another reason for changing from the present method is that an intimate knowledge of local conditions both as to local production and especially as to the actual and relative needs of the local industries, is highly desirable and this would necessitate decisions as to appor- ioj Bp93ti aq; }o XonaSm aAtjBpi dvi% tiodn guTOtmiajap ioj ptre 'jaq^onc o:> aifB^g ano raoij ^Boa jo noisiaAtp loj sjapio h'b Strmesi loj 'saj'BTg ^nan:jT;saoD aqj SnomB suoisiAtp OAf^oadsai Jtaqj (4 pawojiB poo aqj Snraoi:podd'B joj ajqisuodsai aq um sjo^nqu^stp noTSiAip aqx ■uoiSm -qsB^ ui i«OQ snouxmn^ig jo nBaitig aqj jo jaiqo aq:j 0^ ;jodai um oqm. 'lojnquisip noisiAip ■b pa^nioddB aq o:j sr uoisiAip qo'ea loj •sa^noi noT'jB^iodBnBi^ ib^tuiis 10 ainBS aqi jCq puB sppg ara'BB aq:j jCi^BDi^DBid mojj ^CjddTis iiaq; a.vraoai sa^Bjg pnBjSna Ma^ jjb pnB 'siapaoq sii ntq^m |boo on samni 'pn^q jaq;o aq:j no 'pu^iSu^ Jia^ ■snoistivip jaq;o oj ai^jq ;nq sdiqs pwe saen 11 |boo aq:^ jo ^b jC^jBoiijOBid siapioq a>i niq;m santui noi8iA.t(]; ^SBaq^nog aq^ snqx "}ias;T jCq ssaj 10 ajoui pui3:js jCj[Mn5.Bu hwl vpva ^Bqi^ os jbitoits Xi^naptgns eiB poo jo jfjddns puB loj spuBraap asoqA 'azis ^naiuaAnoo jo BnoisiAip jo laqrann b o^nt iCii^nnoD eq; apiAip o:; ap^ta uaaq s^q jdraeHB we 'spioA jaq;o nj -pafiddriB aiB spaan aq:j qotqAV mojj spu^sip Snpnpoid puB spaan o:^ preSai q^tAv BnoauaSotaoq jo 'sjapjoq s;i: ntq^m pnj loj pn^raap puB j^iddna o^ pivSei qg.ui paure^noo-jias aiqtssod se jCjiBan SB St TJOisiAip qoBg; -^naipadxa puno} xiaaq aABq ajru siq^ mojj snoi^BtAap niB^iaa qSnoq;iB 'sauBpunoq a^B^jg 'pianaS ni 'AOipj snois -tAip asaqx "dBtu paqoBjjB aqq. no n^ioqs bb 'stioisiAip SnininBUOo n o^ui paptAip naaq SBq s^:^B^.g pa?.TOXl aqx^'suojsi^ap Bmumsuoj •'iOu%exp Supnpoid qoBa raoij paqddns aq 0} 'snotspvip gnnnnsnoo jBiUoijiBd aoj 10 'aAoqB pa:(on: sasn jBioads aq^. joj 'jboo jo lunomB aq:f 'bibs }0 asn ni jCraouooa puB ^uauidiqs ssoio Snpnpaj o^ ^aiA b q:^m 'aninua^ap objb htm. Bia:^BnbpBaH 'Basn iBpoi^Bd jloj pu^sip Snpnpoid jCq iCpoajtp sja^fiBnbpBaq |Bnotg.Bn jCq papgpnq aq \\ii^ jnq Bio^nqu^sjp noraiAip jo noi^joipsunf aq:^ japuti araoo ion snoisiAip gninmsnoo gnomB panoT:(ioddB aq :^on hxm. sannn aq^. ;b pajpo jboo pnB '|bod ja>[niiq ';naradiqs }iodxa 'pnj pBOiriBi loj jboo snoniran^jiq 'laAaAojj qBoo loj spaan ni sagnBqo jo sa^Bnii'jsa pnB noi^duinsnoo jo soi^spB^s jo BisBq aqg. no uoTipnpoid 10 jCjddns pnj ajqBqwd aq; suopiATp gnininsnoo bhouba aq; 0; gninoi^aoddB Bia;iBnbpBaq Aq pajBdajd aq jim ;agpnq y ■noiinqu;siQ; jo lagBUBj^ eq; o; Xpoairp i^odai \Xm. saApB^nasaidai gou^stp pnB siojnqugsip noisiAiQ; -Qougsip Btq ni sjaddpjs aBinoi:jJBd gnoniB 'sio^jnquijSTp noisiAip mo^ s^sanbai pnB siapio JO gnarajoj^B kao X}uoq;nB pa:^Bg^pp aq qoBa upvi. s^ou^sip gnpnpojd snouBA ni saAT^B^nasaidai pTig.Bt(j -notstAip srq o^ pawo^jB IBOO snonixnniiq jo uoignqu^sip 10AO jC^uoq^nB pa^Bgapp aq qoBa \\m 'suoi9p\.tp gnnmiBnoD snouBA jo agiBqo nt 'Bio^nqixjsip noisiATQ; ■JBOO Bnonpin!(Ta JO UBaing aq) Xjno siapisnoo noissnosip gnmoxjoj aqx •noi^nqprtBiQ; jo ioSbubj^ aqj Aq noiiBjapisnoo joj Bja^ijBra aq \ie ^jm jtrjtmoD aqi jo giBd ano Awe ntqgm sjamnsnoo jo saasBp gnoniB pnB 'jC4nnoo aq; jo s^aBd SnoniB inaninopjjodd'B 'B:)iodx3 -B^anj jo spnpq ijnaiajjtp JO noi;:)nqixi8Tp pnB (jnaranopjoddB aq; amoo nyA. nioqis. japun sjaiqo nBajnq bhouba aq \iu& nrtq o; gnpjoda'jj qanj jjb jo nopinqpcfsip puB '^nomnoj^ioddB 'noipnpojd jo aSiBqo ni sja^iBnbpBaq ;b noi;nqu;BT(j jo lagBnBj^ b jo ;nanE(npddB aq; pa^B^dniajnoo nBjd snjx •NVM QNOoas .10 siiviaa ■paonpai Ay^vsiS aq wm. nopBzpaBgjo sjajiBnbpBaq aq; loj jaunoBiad aadoid SntniB;qo jo jf;|noigTp pnB nopBopinmnioo jo snBani jo nopsagnoo qSnoiq; no;gnTqBB^ nt jatpJ ^onagjatna pnB 'uopnqtqstp ';natnnot;joddB jo 3[iojs. ^b gnt;onpnoo nt paApAni sat;xnDijftp aqx (p) •no;gntq8Bj;j^ 0; jatpi loj s;sanbaj ;Bom jajai 0; jCiBBsaoantm ;t gnpjBtn qgnoiq; paABS aq him. anii; qonj\[ (a) ■D;a 'not;otipoid 'iCjddns iBO nt sagnBqo jCjtBp aq; jo noi;Bj[apisnoo aadoid jo ;p(iuad nm. satitm pnB ejaddnjs iBnpiAtptit atp gnotnB siapjo asoq; gntnot;ioddB q;m pagieqo nam atp pnB jatpi ^oj siapio gnmsst nam aq; naaA4eq ;oB;noo jaso^o (q) ■no;3ntqsB^ ;b nam Aq nBq; SBaiB iB|not;rEd gtttstAiadns pnB piag aq; tri pa;BOoi nam Aq ia;;aq jbj apBm aq nBO siamnsnoo snouBA jo spaan aq; jo jConagjti aAt;Bpj aq; jo not;BnTOua;ap aqx (o) :aiB nopjBZTOBgjo Bia;iBnbpBaq aq; nt X;tJoq;nB xib gnratB;ai jo UBjd aq; jaAO 'not;BztiBi;naoap iBt;jBd pnB no^BzinBgio ppp b saAjoAnt qotqA 'nBid pnooas atp jo 8agE;tiBApB aAt;Bpj aqx •sanji iBu;snptit no Xj;jBd pnB santj jBuo;ma; no jCi;iBd nopBztnBgio nB raoij gnp^nsaj noi;otpBunr jo ;otgnoo jo X;qtqtssod atj; jo not;Bntmtp aq; pnB 'sa:o;Bj;8tnimpB ptij a;B;g jo \io^ atp JO not;Bntpiooo ia;;aq b 'jtio;ma; naAtg b nt siamnsnoo jo sassBp snotiBA jo spaan aAi;Bpj aq; jo gntpuB;aiapnn ia;;aq b nt ;insaj pjnoji ain;Baj ja;;Bj aqx ■Xi;stipnt pantjap b ntq;tM. uBq; jaq;Bj jCio;txia; pangap b nt pnj jo nopnqpqstp jaAO notspuadtts jo sapndap o; ;nara -ttStssB aq; (q) pnB '(io;Bj;spa:tmpy pnj aq; Aq pantB;ai aq i\xm jfotpd jo pi;noo qgnoq;iB) siamnsnoo gnonre jboo 8nontntn;tq jo not;nqp;stp pnB satrim nodn siapjo ogpads anssi o; jC;uoq;tiB jo not;Bgapp aqx (») :ajB snBjd pasodojd q;oq 0; nommoo 8aiti;Baj jBdpttud oa; aqx •;otj;stp gnpnpojd ;Bq; raojj |boo ajnoas 0; pazuoipnB ojb oqAi sjo;nqti;Bt(j notstAtQ; asoq; moij poApoai s;sanbai 10 siapio aq; ;ou;8tp gnpnpoid pangap b nt Biaddnjs aq; gnoraB ;oiib nia. oqjm 'saAt;B;naBaida'jj ;oii;si(i jo pasodmoo aq him. qonBiq iaq;o aqx 'J^TI®^ gni;n'Big siapio ensst o; pnB ';oti;Btp pangap b nt jaipi loj B;8anbai ogpads nodn BSBd o; X;uoq;nB q;tAi tpBa '8io;nqti;Btp notstAip JO pasodmoo aq i\yA qonBiq ang "saqonBiq OAi; jo pasodraoo not;BztnBgio ppg b dn gnt;;as aApAnt ppoAi nBxd pnooas aqx •paonpoid bb jboo jo ;natnnot;ioddB pnB not;nqu;sip gntipi;noo jo X;iioq;nB pnB 3[ioAi aq; sisBq iBti;8npnt ub no nBq; iaq;Bi XBUo;tjja; B no gntpjAtp 'no;gaiqsBAV 'i'B not;BztnBgio nt agnBqo b aApAUt osjb pjnoji iBsodoid stqx 'pnBq no jCpBaqB lanj jo not;nqu;Bip aq; laAO '8io;Bi;BtntrapB |booi pnB a;B;g aq; jo ;Bq; ;daoxa 'X;uoq;nB we gntssaesod not;BziuBgio ub no;3uttisBjy^ nt titB;ntBm pxnoji nB^d ;sj:g aqx •Xjddns papaau aq; qsraittj n^qs siaonpoid iBxnot;iBd ;BqAi pnB JBOO aq; ;ag ^Bqs oqM antraia;ap o; q;oq i{;tioq;nB aq; 8aAt;B;naBaidai ppg 0; gtrpnBjg Aq 3[ioa sttp ezt[Bi;naoap ox (9) •pansBt aq lliM. B;saiibai 10 siapio moqA nodn laonpoid aq; jo pnB pa;nBi3 aq 0; jaipi jo not;Bnimia;ap aq; no;gnnisB^ nt azqBi;nao ox (») qBOO 8nontmn;tq gnt;nqii;8tp pnB gut;^)!!^ nt ^iOM. s,not;Bi;Btntrapv pnj aq; jo SBaneAt;oaga aq; aAoidrat 0; pasodoid naaq aABq spoq;ara o^x — 'spoiffsiu pssodaij •not;Bomnraraoo JO snBom aq; jo not;segnoo pnB uo;SntqsB^ nt not;BZtnB3io a;BnbapB gntntB;qo jo jC;|nogjtp aq; qgiioiq; ;naptAa X^gnraBaiont gntmooaq st no;gntq8By\\^ moij not;nqti;sip pnB ;naranot;ioddB we gntipnBq jo X;tnqtS8odmt pots^qd aqx 'aiqBitsapnn jCiqStq si jiBpp aiaqA jtBpp a^qBiaptsnoo nt B;inBai no;gniqsB^ qgnoiq; Biapio XnBm SnjipnBq loj j(;t8saaan aq; ;Bq; st aot;oBid ;naBaid aq; o; not;oa.tqo latpmj y ■piamo;8no B,ia;;Bi aq; nodn dtqBpiBq a^qBiaptsnoo nt gnpinsai 'io;'Biado e^Snis b nodti pansBt aq XnBnot;na;ntnn A'em. Biapio ^BiaAas 'XpBipratg •sasn ;nB;iodmt X^Bnba raoij jboo aq; gnpiaAip qgnoiq; sapnegiama jaq;o [BiaAas aonpoid A'em jConaSiama ano ;aara 0; |boo jo notsjaAip aq; lOj Biapio poq;ara Btq; lapn/i 'ppg aql ^T psniiojiad j[iojm. atp o; aonaiajaj ladoid q;tAi pajpnBq aq o; 8ia;iBnbpBaq raoij pa;oaitp st qotqAi jatpi aq; loj a|qiBBodrat ;t sasjBm no;guiqsB^ 0; amoo ;on op jatpi qons jo B;iodai ;Bq; pnB inooo Xaq; sb 8agB;ioqs aAatpi 0; jboo ainoae aiqiBSod sb ibj os ia;;Bi aq; jo q;oq ;nasaid ;b ;Bq; ;obj aqx ■sa;B;g gnpnpoid snouBA aq; nt s;nagB ppg aq; jo pnB 'Baa;;tmraoD jbooi aq; JO 'sio;Bi;8tntrapB pnj a;B;g aq; jo :s[iom. aq; qgnoiq; ;iBd nt paqstjdmoooB ;nasaid ;b st stqx "ppg stj; nt apBm 3npq jboo jo ;naranot; II •aoivaxsiKiHav aaxia saivxs aaxiKXi hhi ^o laoaaa tvjscm 72 FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. which orders are requested by State administrators at times when not all of these can be supplied. No orders for relief are to be issued by State administrators and no requests for diversion or delivery of coal are to be made by them except when such requests affect only the distribution of coal within their own States. In all other cases the State administrators will be required to apply for relief to the division distributor. Neither State administrators nor division distributors will communicate directly with individual shippers and mines. Divi- sion distributors will, instead, deal directly with the district representatives for the particular districts from which the division is allotted coal. The district representatives will then at the request of the division distributor, or at the request of the State administrators in case of diversion of coal consigned to a point within the same State, issue orders upon individual shippers and mines for the shipment of coal to the particular consumers designated. The organization and statistics of the division distributors will be outlined in a supplementary memorandum. In general, the statistics suggested will be the minimum which the division distributors should keep and they may require and compile any further information they consider necessary. Each division distributor will have general supervision over the apportionment and distribution of bituminous coal within his division. He should, however, leave as much of this work as practicable to the State administrators and local committees. He should arbitrate the relative needs of the various States within his jurisdiction, keep a record of the needs of and shipments to them, and issue all orders upon the proper district representatives. Producing districts. — The coal-producing regions of the country have been divided into 20 producing districts, as shown on the attached map. Each of these districts includes one or more coal fields similarly located, producing similar coal or located on the same railroads. A district representative will be appointed for each district, who wijl report to the Chief of the Bureau of Bituminous Coal at Washington. These men must be acceptable to the individual shippers and mines in the districts for which they are appointed and to a degree they represent these shippers and mines. The district representatives will receive daily from each shipper and mine within their respective districts certain statistics of produc- tion, car supply, orders, etc., and will use these as a basis for equitably assigning to them the orders received from the division distributors. An outline of the required statistics to be compiled by the district representatives and a suggestion as to the organization to be 'employed is given in a supplementary memorandum. Until other arrangements are made the expenses incurred by the district representatives will be met by the shippers and mines within their respective districts under a cooperative arrangement set up by themselves. This will involve no hardship to the producers as it will relieve them from the inconvenience of receiving conflicting orders and diversion of coal from one necessary use to a no more important use, and as it will tend to result in an equitable distribution of business among them. Handling emergency shortages. — Under the new plan requests for emergency relief may be made by the consumer to the local committee, the State administrator, or the division distributor. To which one the appeal should be made will depend upon the size of the consumer's requirements and the urgency of his need. It is ordinarily better if the request is made to the local committee or the State adnainistrator for these will afford any relief that is available within the State, and because the request will be referred back to them by the division distributor if the urgency of the need does not make this impracticable. If the requirements are too great to be satisfied by diversion of coal already in or en route to the State, or if the urgency of the need is such as to make very prompt action essential, the request for relief may well be made directly to the division distributor. In any save the most urgent and unusually pressing cases, any requests for relief made to national headquarters will be communicated to the proper division distributors for action. When a request for relief from coal shortage is made to a local committee, the latter investigates the need for the coal and the use to which it is to be put. If the result of this inquiry is satisfactory, the committee attempts to secure the necessary supply locally or by diverting coal intended for another local consumer. If these efforts prove unsuccessful, the committee refers the matter to the State administrator. Requests for relief received by the State administrators, unless too urgent to permit of delay, are referred back to the local committee for investigation and are acted upon only after receipt of the committee's report. If the need is very urgent or if the committee's report is favorable to the applicant, the State administrator attempts to secure the necessary supply by diverting coal within the State or en route to consumers within the State. If these efforts are not successful and if the quantity of coal apportioned to that State is not being currently received, the State administrator requests the division distributor to issue an order for the coal. The division distributor, on receiving from a State administrator a request for an order or from a consumer an application for relief which is too urgent to permit of reference to the State administrator, ascertains whether the State in question is receiving its full allotment of coal. If this is not the case, he issues an order on the district representative of the proper coal field for the shipment of the required amount of coal. If the combined requirements of the various States within the divisions exceed at any one time the available supply of coal in the proper producing districts, the division distributor apportions the available coal among the States according to the urgency of their needs. The district representative will be informed by headquarters as to the amount of coal mined in his fields which is to be shipped to each division. His records will show also the amount actually being shipped day by day. When an order for shipment is received from a division distributor, he should first ascertain whether the amount ordered is in excess of the division's allotment. If the order is proper, it is placed with one or more shippers and mines in the district as reports of production, car supply, contracts, etc., show to be equitable. If more than one division distributor at any one time call for coal within their allotments but exceeding the amount available for shipment at that time, the district representative should endeavor to have the division distributors scale down their demands sufficiently. If this fails, the Chief of the Bureau of Bituminous Coal at Washington should be called upon to decide as to the relative urgency of the needs of the various divisions concerned. Although it is desirable that the procedure outlined above be followed so far as practicable, it is recognized that exceptions must be made as occasions arise. Whenever it is necessary for one or more steps in the usual routine to be omitted, all parties concerned should be notified at once. For example, when a division distributor issues an order for relief on an appeal made directly to him he should notify the State administrator of the action taken, and the latter should notify the local committee if he deems this necessary. In order that delay and friction may be reduced to a minimum, anyone who can not obtain prompt and proper attention to his needs should be privileged to appeal to a higher authority and if necessary to national headquarters. PRODUCING DISTRICTS UNITED STATES Edition o-TMar-, 1911, reprinted 1919. 400 .-)0o 60O Kiloineters FINAL EEPOKT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTBATOR. 73 C2. ROUTINE FOR APPOINTMENT OF DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES. The following steps are involved in the appointment of each district representative in order that these appointments may be completed in the shortest possible time and that the records of the Fuel Administration may be complete on every point. They should be taken in the order indicated. 1. Nomination of a district representative satisfactory to the Fuel Administration and thought to be satisfactory to all operators is received from Mr. Lesher's office, together with a statement of the operators of the district and the names and officers to be addressed of all associations within that area. Unless this be accom- panied by a positive statement that the nomination is approved by Mr. Morrow and Mr. Snead, as well as by Mr. Lesher, these approvals should be obtained. 2. Mr. Colley (in Mr. Lesher's office) is requested to have envelopes addressed to shippers in the district and to give an estimate of the number of mimeographed copies of letter to shippers that will be needed. 3. A telegram in standard form is sent to each Association requesting approval of the appointment. 4. Letter of appointment and letter to shippers are prepared and signed by Dr. Garfield. 5. A carbon of the letter of appointment is attached to a mimeograph order marked "Hold." 6. A carbon of the letter to shippers is attached to a multigraph order marked "Hold." 7. The multigraph and mimeograph orders are sent to Mr. Sartwell with a memorandum requesting that publicity of the appointment be not released until further notice. 8. A memorandum is sent to Mr. Foss stating that this man is being considered as a district representative. 9. When favorable replies have been received from all associations to which telegrams have been sent, Mr. Sartwell is notified by telephone to release the appointment. 10. A formal memorandum is sent to Mr. Sartwell notifying him of the release of the appointment. 11. Mr. Colley is instructed to mail the letters to shippers. 12. Mr. Foss is notffied by memorandmn of the appointment. 13. The name and address of the appointee is sent to the mail room. 14. Appointment blanks are prepared and taken to Mr. Morrow for signature. 15. State administrators are notified by multigraphed letter of the appointment of all recent appointments. 16. Mr. Hale Holden should be notified at the same time State administrators are notified of recent appoint- ments, in order that railroad representatives may be designated to cooperate with them. 17. From time to time the material in the folder for each district representative should be gone through to insure that every necessary step has been taken. When all steps have been completed a check is placed on the upper left hand corner of the folder. 18. Copies of the Hsts of district representatives sent to State administrators should also be sent promptly to Mr. Morrow, Mr. Hope, Mr. Snead, Mr. Manning, and Mrs. Fuller. [Telegram.] January 28, 1918. President Northeastern Kentucky Coal Association, Ashland, Kentucky. We are considering appointment of C. M. Roehrig as district representative of U. S. Fuel Administrator, to act for all shippers and mines in Big Sandy and Elkiom districts in northeastern Kentucky, for the purpose of receiving all requests and orders for fuel from the U. S. Fuel Administration and to apportion equitably such requests and orders among the individual shippers and mines in the above- named area. This will necessitate Mr. Roehrig having full data on production, contracts, free coal, shipments. Expense of conducting this work will be borne by the individual shippers and mines, at least until other arrangements are established. I understand this appoint- ment will be satisfactory to the association and all operators concerned. Please confirm. H. A. Garfield, U. S. Fuel Administrator. January 29, 1918. Mr. C. M. Roehrig, Ashland, Ky. Dear Sir: To facilitate the apportionment and distribution of bituminous coal, and assure prompt and equitable allotment of emerg- ency orders among shippers, you are hereby appointed district representative of the United States Fuel Administration in the Big Sandy and Elkhom coal fields of northeastern Kentucky, comprising Boyd, Carter, Floyd, Johnson, and Letcher Counties and Pike County, except operations on the N. & W. Ry., for the purposes named below. You are directed to establish the necessary organization to properl> conduct the activities of this oflace, which are as follows: (1) On receipt of requests for fuel from State fuel administrators and on receipt of requests and orders for fuel from the U. S. Fuel Administrator, to allot such requests and orders to individual shippers and mines in the above named area as equitably as possible, and with a view to securing prompt compliance with such orders without undue hardship to individual shippers. (2) To report to the U. S. Fuel Administrator in detail on each request received from State fuel administrators and describe the action taken, including the name of the shipper or mine to which the request or order was allotted. (3) To arrange with each individual shipper and mine in your district for daily notice to you of production, working time, and free coal, and for weekly notice of shipments. 74 FINAL EEPOET OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTBATOR. (4) To compile reports of production, working time, car supply, shipments, and free coal and to report such figures to Wash- ington in totals at the close of each week, beginning at once. Forms for reporting this information will be forwarded to you as soon as prepared. (5) To comply with all instructions issued by the U. S. Fuel Administrator governing the conduct of your office and to recom- mend to the U. S. Fuel Administrator, from time to time, any changes in practice which might result in more efficient admin- istration. Your appointment as above is to continue at the pleasure of the U. S. Fuel Administrator and may be terminated by him at anytime, as the exigencies of the business may require or as his judgment may deem proper. All reports and communications regarding the operation of your office should be addressed to Mr. J. D. A. Morrow, U. S. Fuel Admin- istration, Washington, D. C. At least until other arrangements are established, it is understood that the expense of conducting your agency will be borne by the individual shippers and mines in your district under a cooperative arrangement to be estabKshed and agreed upon by them. Please confirm at once by wire your acceptance of this appointment. Yours, very truly, (Signed) H. A. Garfield, TJ. S. Fuel Administrator. January 29, 1918. To all shippers of bituminous coal in the Big Sandy and Ellohom districts in northeastern Kentucky: Gentlemen: Inclosed you will find copy of a letter appointing Mr. 0. M. Roehrig, at Ashland, Ky., district representative of the U. S. Fuel Administration for the Big Sandy and Elkhorn coal fields of northeastern Kentucky, comprising Boyd, Carter, Floyd, Johnson, and Letcher Counties and Pike Countj', except operations on the N. & W. Ry., to serve as representative of all individual shippers and mines in that area. He will receive requests from State fuel administrators, arid orders and requests from the U. S. Fuel Administration for the shipment of bituminous coal for emergency use, and will allot such requests and orders among the mines, shippers, and operators in his producing district in a manner which in his judgment will prove most equitable. Until further notice you are instructed to refer any requests or orders for fuel received from any other members of the U. S. Fuel Administration to Mr. Roehrig for action. The proper discharge of Mr. Roehrig's duties will require a hearty cooperation on your part and prompt compliance with his reriuesta. It will be necessary for you to furnish him with certain statistical data, which he will treat confidentially. This appointment has been made to facilitate the operation of your business, and therefore to aid in meeting a national emergency. It is done -with the full belief that the appointment of one man to represent all individual shippers and mines in your district, who, by reason of his proximity and familiarity with the business, will be in a position to allot the administration's orders to the best advantage, will very greatly facilitate our efforts to meet the urgent requirements of the consumers. Very truly, yours, (Signed) H. A. Garfield, U. S. Fuel Administrator. January 31, 1918. To all State administrators: Two more district representatives have been appointed, together with three assistant district representatives. They are as follows: District representatives: C. M. Roeluig, Ashland, Ky. — Big Sandy and Elkhorn fields of northeastern Kentucky, comprising Boyd, Carter, Floyd, Johnson, and L«tcher Counties and Pike County, except operations on the Norfolk and Western Railway. J. P, Cameron, Altoona, Pa.— For central Pennsylvania. Assistant district representatives, to work under Mr. Cameron: John Lloyd, Jr., Altoona, Pa. — Section A — Huntington and Bedford Counties, operations in Somerset County served by the Pennsylvania Railroad, and operations on the Pennsyl'.ania Railroad between Cresson and Blairsville as well as the South Pork Division and the Indiana Branch, Harry B. Scott, Phillipsburg, Pa.— Section B— Center County, Cambria County (except that part listed above), eastern part of Indiana County, and all operations in Clear- field County tributary to the New York Central and Pennsylvania Railroads. Samuel A. Rinn, Punxsutawney, Pa. — Section C — Operations on the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railroad in the western half of Indiana County; operations in Arm- strong County on and tributary to the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsbiugh, the Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroads; opera- tions in Clearfield County tributary to the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railroad; also Jefferson, Elk, McKean, Came- ron, and Clifton Counties. I wish again to call your attention to the function of the district representatives. Each is in charge of a producing field or district and, through proximity to the mine? and through the use of such statistics as may be necessary, is closely in touch with local conditions. Requests for emergency coal should be made to the district representative in charge of the field from which the shipment is desired. The district representative will then direct shipment from the individual shipper or mine best able to furnish the desired supply at that time. Very truly, yours, (Signed) H. A. Garpiei.u, IT. S. Fuel Administrator. FINAL EEPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTBATOE. 75 January 23, 1918. The honorable William G. McAdoo, Director General of Railroads, Washington, D. C. Mr Dear Mr. McAboo: Inclosed is a copy of the letter appointing a district representative of the U. S. Fuel Administration in the coal fields of Indiana, who will also act as a representative of all shippers and mines in that district. The names and territories of the five district representatives who have been appointed to date are also inclosed. Others -will be appointed at once in other important sections of the country. Their duties are described in the letter of appointment, and with possible slight modifications will be continued during the present emergency. It would greatly facilitate the efforts of these men to have you designate representatives located with or readily available to each of our representatives, who shall be familiar with rates and routes and keep themselves informed of operating conditions in the territory served by the mines in those fields. They should advise with the district representative on such matters as routing of emergency shipments to particular destinations, changes in routing because of congestion oi embargoes, methods of regulating shipments to prevent congestion at gateways, and weights and clearances over particular roads, so that the most efficient cooperation between the railroads and the U. S. Fuel AdminiBtration will be secured. A copy of my letter of December 21, to Mr. Fairfax Harrison on this same matter, is also inclosed. Please advise me at once if you can cooperate in this manner, and I will notify you of appointments of district representatives for other coal fields as they are made. Very truly, yours, (Signed) H. A. Garfield, U. S. Fuel Administrator. C3. COPY OF GENERAL LETTERS DESCRIBING THE DISTRIBUTION PLAN. [Confidential, not for publication. A press statement on this subject will be released January 29, 1918.] January 17, 1918. To all State administrators: In my telegram of December 22, 1917, and in the publicity material sent you in connection therewith, the appointment of Mr. D. R- Lawson to represent the U. S. Fuel Administration in the Fairmont coal fields of West Virginia was announced. The United States has been divided into some 20 districts producing bituminous coal. One representative of the U. S. Fuel Administrator is to be appointed for each of these producing districts. He will equitably allot all orders and requests for fuel from members of the Fuel Administration among the various shippers and mines within his district. It has been found desirable to change the title of this official from "deputy distributor, " the title under which Mr. Lawson was appointed, to ' 'district representative." Mr. Lawson and all other appointees will hereafter be so designated. As soon as district representatives are appointed, all State administrators who may call upon them will be notified. Individual shippers and mines within those districts for which district representatives have been appointed will be notified to refer any orders or requests for shipment of coal made upon them by any member of the U. S. Fuel Administration to the proper district representative. State administrators accordingly should direct all emergency requests for fuel to the district representative in charge of the particidar coal fields from which the relief is to be obtained, rather than to an individual conflicting orders from different members of the Fuel Administration, and vrill insure more prompt attention to such requests because of their being made in the field by a man thoroughly conversant with the local situation and the available supply. No emergency requests should be made directly to Washington by State administrators unless the proper district representative has been unable to supply the necessary coal. In order that'the bituminous coal supply of the country may be apportioned equitably among the different States and among the various consumers in each State according to the relative importance of their needs, it is necessary that the work of the Fuel Administration in r^ard to the apportionment and distribution of bituminous coal be not limited to the relieving of emergency shortages. Accordingly, the available coal production of the country is to be apportioned among the various States, based upon previous consumption and the changes resulting from the entrance of the United States into the war. In order that cross hauling may be reduced to a minimum and that each State may receive coals adapted to its needs, the particular fields from which each State shall draw its supply will be designated (by-product and gas coal excepted). When this budget is complete, the consumers of each State will be notified through the press that, their coal must be obtained from certain specified fields. Producers will then be allowed to ship only to consumers in the States designated and jobbers will be required to observe the same rules. In other respects the normal distribution of coal will go on without interference, State administrators, as soon as the tentative apportionment is complete, will be informed as to the particular fields upon which they may call for coal and the quantities they may seciire from each. When a State is currently receiving its full allotment of coal, all further needs must be met by reducing the quantity supplied to other consumers in that State. District representatives will be instructed to comply with any requests for coal made by designated State administrators up to the amount allotted to their respective States. Should any State have a demand for coal in excess of its allotment, this excess will have to be taken care of by a curtailment of consumption unless a temporary or permanent readjustment of the allotment be made by Washington. The foregoing is a part of the new plan, details of which are being worked out as rapidly as possible and will be announced to you as soon as they can be perfected. It should be clearly understood that it is not intended that the rights and duties of the State fuel adncdnistrators shall be lessened in any respect. On the contrary, the State administrators will retain all of their present responsibilites. The purpose of the plan is to facilitate the handling of emergencies and to define the limitation of supply. The only changes are in the creation of a new office in the field which will aid State administrators in promptly relieving emergency shortages, in reducing the number of such cases which must be referred to Washington, and making provisions for insuring that each State will receive its proper proportion of the available coal supply. In all other respects State adniinistrators will continued to keep in touch with Washington as heretofore. Very truly, yours, (Signed) H. A. Garfield, U, S. Fuel Administrator. 76 FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FXJEI, ADMINISTRATOR. Febkuart 6, 191b. To all district representatives: Much difficulty ia at present caused by the fact that emergency orders and requests are issued without specifying the consignee, city or area to be temporarily deprived of coal. The present practice has been upon the theory that emergency orders are applied against "free " coal. As a matter of fact, however, there is at present no "free " coal in the sense of available coal, and the failure to specify from what consumer or area coal should be withheld under emergency orders creates new emergencies and is generally unsatisfactory. To the State administrators is delegated the final decisions as to apportionment and distribution of coal within their respecti\ e States, subject only to orders from Washington. While it undoubtedly is necessary in the present emergency for district representatives to exercise a certain amount of discretion as between consumers, it should be clearly understood that the responsibility for distribution lies in all cases with State administrators. I am to-day writing all State administrators, directing them hereafter when issuing requests upon district representatives to specify in each instance from what other consumers or areas within their States the emergency coal is to be withheld by you. It may not be possible in all cases for State administrators to do this at once, owing to lack of proper statistical and other information to aid in making the proper recommendations. When you receive requests for fuel from State administrators without designation of the consignee, city, or area to be temporarily deprived of the coal, it is suggested that you communicate with the State administrator and endeavor to obtain this information if possible. Exception to this of course must be made if the need for the requested relief is very urgent. In such cases you will be obliged to make the decision yourself. It will assist in the proper distribution of coal if State administrators and district representatives will freely consult with each other in regard to all such matters. You should advise State administrators calling upon you for emergency coal if you have reason to believe that stopping shipments temporarily to the consignee, city, or area named will produce an unnecessary hardship. The State administrators will have the final decision in such cases. Any suggestions that you can make as to desirable modifications of this plan will be appreciated. Very truly, yours, (Signed) H. A. Garfield, Inclosure: Copy of letter 2-6-18 to State administrators. U. S. Fuel Administrator. Febrttaky 6, 1918. To all State administrators: Under the present system of securing emergency coal the several shippers have to determine in each case (either directly or indirectly) which customer shall be deprived of coal or which customer's order shall be delayed. Where district representatives have been appointed at the mine fields, such officers, to a considerable extent, may help this situation by judicious allotment of requests and orders. Because of the limited supply of coal, it is impossible to fill emergency requests except by reducing shipments to other consumers. This is apt to create new emergencies. As you are in close touch with the situation throughout your State, you can best determine froni what consumers or areas shipments are to be withheld temporarily to permit shipment of coal on your request. You are, therefore, directed to accompany each request for emergency coal from districts where the Fuel Administration has a district representative with advice as to the consumer or area in your State from whom the coal shall be withheld, in order to fill the emergency request. If your organization is not now prepared to furnish information which will permit of this course, you should arrange at once to secure such organization or advisors as are necessary. It is suggested that you appoint an advisory committee of three men familiar with the coal business of your State and possibly arrange a working plan with the State council of defense or similar agencies, whereby you will have the benefit of all available facilities to inform yourself as to what consumers or areas can best stand a reduction in current supply with the least harm to the situation as a whole. Where district representatives have been appointed, their advice will be valuable and you should of course cooperate with them closely. However, the responsibility rests with you and when, at your request, district representatives specify consumers or areas from which coal is withheld, they do so without assuming your responsibility. The order of January 17, 1918, "Regulation Making Provision for a More Adequate Supply of Fuel for Railroads, Domestic Consumers, Public Utilities, and Other Uses Necessary to the National Security," in section 1, defines the classes of consumers for which an adequate supply of coal must be maintained. If you are in doubt as between concerns engaged on Government contract work, you should apply to this office. The appointment of district representatives in the producing areas not now covered will be completed as rapidly as possible, thus permitting this plan to be employed in connection with all requests. Very truly, yours, (Signed) H. A. Garfield, U. 8. Fuel Administrator. February 12, 1918. To all members of the Fuel Administration: District representatives have now been appointed for all bituminous coal fields east of Illinois with but two exceptions. A list of these appointments is inclosed. All except Mr. Cameron, Mr. Gardiner, and Mr. Reimann are now ready to receive emergency requests from the State fuel administrators and from Washington. It is the duty of the district representatives to allot among the individual shippers and mines emergency orders and requests made by any members of the Fuel Administration. The shippers affected have been instructed to refer any orders or requests they may receive from other members of the Fuel Administration to the district representative for action. Under the present conditions a shortage at one point can not be relieved without reducing shipments to some other point For this reason I have directed that in requesting emergency shipments. State administrators hereafter specify the consumer or area temporarily to be deprived of the coal. Thus emergency needs will in the future be filled by withholding fuel from consumers having less urgent need for it. All members of the Fuel Administration at Washington headquarters are hereby instructed to follow the same plan. If district repre- sentatives are not instructed what shipments are to be reduced, they must make the decision themselves, the responsibility, however, remaining with the person issuing the order or request. FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. 77 State administrators are charged with the duty of determining upon distribution within their own States under emergency conditions. So far aa possible when requests from consumers for emergency fuel are received at Washington, they are to be communicated at once to the proper State administrator. This doe^ not apply to railroad and bunker coal, or coal for coking purposes. If, because of the urgency of the situation, it be necessary to handle the case from Washington, the State administrator should be notified promptly of any action taken. Very truly, yours, (Signed) H. A. Gaefield, U. S. Fuel Administrator. C4. INSTRUCTIONS AND FORMS FOR DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVE. February 2, 1918. Mr. .T. P. Cameron, District Representative for Central Pennsylvania, United States Fuel Administration, First National Bank Bldg., Altoona, Pa. Dear Mr. Cameron: In reply to your letter of February 1, 1918, and in accordance with our informal conferences, I am outlining your relationship as district representative with other agencies and in detail your duties. The assistant representatives, Mr. Lloyd, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Rinn, are subject to your orders and instructions in all matters and report to Washington only through you. All instructions and orders affecting your assistants are directed to your office. Your function in placing orders is to determine in what district or subdistrict of central Pennsylvania the order is to be placed. Your assistants, now three in num- ber, are directly in charge as regards the individual operators and shippers in their respective producing territory. You will call upon the assistants for such coal as may be required and your assistants will designate, in conformity with your general instructions, the shippers who are to supply the tonnage. As no assistant has been appointed for the Tioga District, you may handle that directly or through some one of your assistants, or may recommend the appointment of an assistant as may seem best to you. You report directly to the Manager of DistrVbution and receive orders and instructions only through his office either from him personaly or someone designated by him. All instructions regarding the nature and scope of your statistical records shall come from the office of the Manager of Distribution. However, as copies of all reports made by your office will be furnished the Statistical Department, that department will deal with you directly in connection with these reports in so far as they have been authorized. State administrators may make requests for coal, for special purposes or for specified consignees, directh to you, but not to your assist- ants or to the operators in your territory. If such requests are received by you which can not be filled without cutting off more essential shipments, you will so notify the State administrator and my office. However, when you instruct an operator to ship, there shall be no distinction between such instructions resulting from an "order" made upon you by Washington and a "request" made by Washington or by a State administrator. All requests for coal originating with other Government agencies, such as the War Department, the Navy Department, the Shipping Board, are to be made to you only through the office of the Manager of Distribution of the Fuel Administration or through State adminis- trators. Any such requests received by you directly from such other Government agencies should first be referred back to the office of the Manager of Distribution before action is taken. You, as district representative of the United States Fuel Administration, should have no dealing with individual consumers. It is proper that all individual consumers should deal directly with operators in the matter of placing orders or making contracts or carrying on such matters as are incidental to the obtaining of their supply of coal. Consumers desiring preferential treatment in the matter of coal supply are to deal directly with the State administrators or, possibly, in exceptional cases, with the Washington office of the Manager of Distribution. Your relationship with the railroads assumes two aspects. One as a transporter of coal and second as a consumer of coal. You, of course, have no authority or jurisdiction over the railroads in your territory as regards their function as transportation agencies. You are expected, however, to cooperate with the railroads on all matters of transportation in your territory. To effect the greatest degree of coop- eration between coal shippers and the railroads, the Director General of Railroads has agreed and is expected shortly to appoint a repre- sentative in each of the producing districts. Your relationship with the railroads in your territory as consumers of coal will be exactly similar to that with other consumers. In that you will follow the general policy and instructions of the Washington office, as the State administrators are to have no jurisdiction over matters of fuel for railroads. Your duties and those of your assistants will until otherwise instructed consist of making such allotments of orders and requests as are received among your operators and shippers and collecting and compiling regular reports on operation and distribution. In placing orders or requests, through your assistants, on the operators for shipment of coal you will have three main points in mind, namely: (1) To secure prompt compliance with the order, (2) to distribute the orders as equitably as possible between the operators, (3) to interfere as little as possible with essential consimiers. You will collect daily reports from your operators showing, by mines, the approximate production, the hours worked and the hours lost for vanoiis causes, as car shortage, labor shortage, strike, mine disability, and other causes. Samples of post-card forms on which to obtain these reports from the individual operators and shippers are enclosed. These are standard forms and should be adhered to as closely as possible. In this connection your attention is invited to the fact that the operators in central Pennsylvania are now making weekly reports of this exact nature to the United States Geological Survey. When your organization is fully equipped and ready to begin the collection of these daily reports promptly and completely over your field you will instruct the operators that the weekly reports will no longer be furnished the Geological Survey but will be furnished you daily and compiled into weekly statements to be furnished in totals to the Geological Survey for preparation of the regular weekly bulletin. You will advise Mr. Lesher of the United States Geological Sur- vey when you are ready to undertake this and plans can be made to send letters to operators stating that they may substitute daily reports to you for the weekly reports to the Geological Survey. Blanks are being printed and copies will be available to furnish you on Mon- day or Tuesday of next week for proper recording of the daily statements and their compilation into weekly totals. Also blanks for com- piling the weekly totals by mines and companies into grand totals for your district. You will also obtain records from the shippers and possibly from the railroads currently, preferably daily, showing in cars the destina- tion and consignee of all shipments. You will classify shipments between "railroad fuel," "all-rail commercial" (for other consumers than railroads) and tidewater. All-rail commercial will be divided between States of destination, or such centers and commercial market 78 FINAL REPOBl? OF I'HE tJNIl^ED SO^ATES FTJEL ADMINISTBATOR. zones and districts within States as you may consider wise, and also show destination of coal consigned to tidewater ports, by ports. The ultimate destination of such coal will be ascertained at the tidewater ports. In other words, your reports as far as tidewater shipments are concerned will show number of cars, for instance, consigned to tidewater pools at the ports.' Excepting the railroads, you will not be required to report the consignee of coal shipped. You will be expected to report once a week on the number of cars of coal shipped from mines in the several sections of your district to railroads for fuel, by roads, all-rail commercial, by States or parts of States, and to tidewater ports, by ports. Your report will show the classification described above of all shipments originating on each main outlet rail- road and roads tributary thereto in each section of your district. You should arrange to have both the report of operating conditions and the distribution report ready for transmission to Washington by Saturday night of the week following that which the report covers. Two copies of each report should be mailed, one directly to the Manager of Distribution and the other to the Statistician in charge of the Statistical Department. All operators and shippers are, of course, required to furnish you the daily reports of production, working time, and of shipments speci- fied above. You will notify my ofiSce of the receipt and acceptance of each order or request, either from Washington or from a State administrator, and will report the receipt and acceptance of each request from a State administrator to the administrator making the request. You will report weekly to my office shipments made on Fuel Administration orders or requests. For your guidance you will call upon all operators for a statement of their commitments and for a daily statement of orders or contracts accepted. You will require operators to furnish you this information. Decision as to where your detail records shall be kept and where the bulk of your clerical work required is keeping up to date the records of your commitments and in collection and compilingof daily reports of production, working time, and of distribution of shipments, are left entirely to you as are all matters regarding the nature and personnel of your clerical organization. Yours, very truly, Manager of Distribution, United States Fuel Administration. February 14, 1918. To all district representatives: Inclosed find copies of form to be used by your office in making allotments and placing orders with shippers for coal. For the pur- poses of uniformity this form is planned for use by all district representatives, and you are requested to substitute this form in place of any such form you may have been using as soon as these blanks. Form R, are printed. The copies are sent you so that, if you wish a supply with your name and address printed thereon, you may have the work done locally, following the copy furnished. In this case you will substitute your name for the words "Office of" at the top of all copies and on the acknowledgement form attached to the original. You will also fill in your address at these places and specify your field below the signature liue before sending the copies to the printer. Any series of order numbers may be adopted. It is important that the different copies be printed on paper of different colors, but it will be unnecessary to adhere to the color scheme suggested in the upper left-hand corner of each sheet, other than that the original be white and the quadruplicate, if possible, green. The disposition of the different copies is indicated in the upper right-hand corner of each. A supply will be printed here and furnished you if you do not care to have the printing done. Those printed here will be like copy- without your name and address. Kindly advise promptly whether you will have the printing done, so that we may know how large a quantity to print in Washington. If you desire to send with the order a franked post card on which the shipper is to advise you of shipments, use the inclosed form, filling in your name and address. Very truly, yours, Manager of Distribution. Incla. PINAL REPORT OF -THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. 79 No. 4. BE SURE TO MENTION ORDER NUMBER ON ALL MANIFESTS. To. You are hereby directed to ship: SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS. United States Fuel Administration, Office op the District Representative. Form E. ORIGINAL. (To shipper.) (Address.) Date. This confirms Telegram.. Telephone.. Consigiiee Destination Route Total quantity Rate of shipment Grade of coal Class of equipment preferred. Invoice to (Date.) '(b'ate.')" Send notice of shipments to. ACKNOWLEDOE THIS ORDER PROPMTLY ON A TTACHED FORM. United States Fuel Administration, Office of District Representative, District representative for. . ACKNOWLEDGMENT OP ORDER. Date Gentlemen: Your order No received and shipments will he made accordingly. Name Address No. 4. BE SURE TO MENTION ORDER NUMBER ON ALL MANIFESTS. SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS. United States Fuel Administration, Office of the District Representative. FormE. DUPLICATE. (For order file.) Date. (Address.) To. You are hereby directed to ship: This confirms Telegram.. Telephone.. (Date.) '(Date!)" Consignee... Destination. Total quantity. Grade of coal... Invoice to Route Rate of shipment Class of equipment preferred . Send notice of shipments to. District representative for.. RECORD OF SHIPMENTS. Date. Order. Shipment. Date. Order. Shipment. 80 FINAL KEPOBT OF THE tTNlTED STATES FtlfiL ADMINISTRATOR. No. 4. BE SURE TO MENTION ORDER NUMBER ON ALL MANIFESTS. To. You are hereby directed to ship: Consignee. . . Destination. SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS. United States Fuel Administration, Office of the District Representative. Form it. TRIPLICATE. (For correspondence file.) (Address.) Date. This confirms Telegram.. Telephone.. (Date.) "(iiateO" Route. Total quantity Rate of shipment Grade of coal Class of equipment preferred. Invoice to Send notice of shipments to. No. 4. BE SURE TO MENTION ORDER NUMBER ON ALL MANIFESTS. District representative for Record of shipments on the above order will be found in the order file. SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS. United States Fuel Administration, Office of the District Representative. To. You are hereby directed to ship: FonnR. QUADRUPLICATE. (For WasMngton.) (Address.) Date. This confirms Telegram.. Telephone.. Consignee Destination Route Total quantity Rate of shipment Grade of coal Class of equipment preferred. Invoice to (Date.) '(Date.')' Send notice of shipments to. District representative for . RECORD OF SHIPMENTS. Date. Order. Shipment. Date. Order. Shipment. JINAL REPORT OF THE UNIO^ED STATES FUEL AdMINISTRATOS. U. S. Fuel Administration, Office of District iRepresentative, Official Business: Penalty for Private Use, $300. (Address.) Mr. District Representative, Notice of shipment. (Address.) Date. Car. Initial. Number. Grade. Order number.* Consignee and destination. *In this column give the number of the Fuel Administration district representative 's order. Shipped by Date CS. PROGRESS IN APPOINTMENT OF DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES. February 20, 1918. Up to date 18 district representatives have been appointed, covering the districts producing bituminous coal east of the Rocky Moun- tains with the exception of the region east of Pittsburgh, which includes: 1. The ConnellsviUe, Latrobe, Greensburg, and Irwin fields. 2. The coal fields of Michigan (which have relatively small production). 3. The producing fields in Illinois. The names, territory, and date of appointment of the district representatives are shown on the attached memorandum. With regard to the three sections listed above for which no district representative has been appointed — 1. As the ConnellsviUe, Latrobe, Greensburg, and Irwin regions produce chiefly coals used for special purposes, such as for gas making and for coking, it is probable that they will be put under the supervision of a district representative who will handle coke as well as coal and who will probably report to the Bureau of Coke in the Washington organization. 2. A letter has been sent to Michigan operators asking their recommendation of a man to act as district representative. 3. The appointment of Mr. F. C. Honnold as district representative for the producing fields in Illinois and Indiana will undoubtedly be made within the next two days. This appointment has been agreed upon by the operators and the Manager of Distribution, but the appoint- ment is waiting for information from Mr. Honnold of the boundaries of various sections of the district. When this appointment is made, Mr. C. G. Hall, now district representative for the State of Indiana, and the secretaries of the six operators' associations in Illinois and of the four associations in Indiana, will be appointed as assistant district representatives reporting to Mr. Honnold and Mr. Hall, respectively. While there is no marked shortage of coal in the three western districts, namely, the Rocky Mountain territory, the Utah and South- western Wyoming fields, and the Washington fields, Mr. Morrow plans to appoint district representatives in these areas as soon as the recom- mendations can be secured from the operators, in order that the Fuel Administration may have complete statistics on production throughout the United States, and may know what western coals are available as a substitute for coals coming from the Mississippi Valley section, which will thus permit the Fuel Administration to retain eastern coals in the eastern territory. All district representatives now appointed have been instructed to compile the following records and reports: 1. Records of contracts and orders of each producer and shipper. 2. Records and reports of production, working time, and time lost. 3. Records and reports of destination of shipments. Each district representative has either been supplied with letterheads of uniform design and franked envelopes, both for outgoing and incoming mail, or has been sent samples of such stationery with authorization to have printing done locally. Each district representative has been given authority to use Government rate on outgoing and incoming collect telegrams required by his ofiicial duties. The reports now required of district representatives on distribution of shipments are tentative, and will be changed when it is decided just what the duties of State administrators and local committees will be and what detail they will require as to shipments to their territory. To facilitate the preparation of final system reports, it is recommended that a man be sectired at once to work on methods and organization as a member of i&. Morrow's staff, and to define the duties of various branches of the Administration. 122600—21 6 82 PINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. February 20, 1918. district representatives. (In bituminous coal fields.) Central Pennsylvania (appointments Jan. 30, 1918). J. P. CAMERON, Altoona, Pa.— (A) Main Line P. R. R.— John Lloyd, Jr., Altoona, Pa. (assistant district representative): Huntingdon and Bedford Counties, operations in Somer- set County served by the P. R. R., and operations on the P. R. R. between Cresson and BlairsviUe as well as the South Fork Division and the Indiana Branch. (B) Clearfield Region — Harry B. Scott, Philipsburg, Pa. (assistant district representative): Center County, Cambria County (except that part listed above), eastern part of Indiana County, and all operations in Clearfield County tributary to the N. Y. C. and P. R. R. (C) B. R. &P.; B. & S.; and P. S. & N.— Samuel A. Rinn, Punxsutawney, Pa. (assistant district representative): Operations on the B. R. & P. in western half of Indiana County; operations in Armstrong County on and tributary to the B. R. & P., the B. & S. ; operations in Clear- field County tributary to the B. R. & P.; also Jefferson, Elk, McKean, Cameron, and Clifton Counties. (All emergency orders and requests for Central Pennsylvania should be made to Mr. Cameron.) Western Pennsylvania north of Pittsburgh: F. B. Reimann, Butler, Pa. (appointment Jan. 28. 1918): Armstrong, Butler, Clarion, and Mercer Counties; also northeast section of Lawrence County, and extreme southwest corner of Indiana County along P. R. R. Pittsburgh Proper: R. W. Gardiner, Farmers' Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. (appointment Jan. 28, 1918): Allegheny, Green, and Washington Counties; Westmoreland County west of and along Youghiogheny River; and extreme northwestern corner of Fayette County. Connellsville, Latrobe, Greensburg, and Irwin fields: To be appointed. Somerset-Meyersdale Field: John C. Brydon, Somerset, Pa. (appointment Feb. 2, 1918): Operations in Somerset County, Pa., on or tributary to the B. & 0. and Western Maryland Railroads; Indian Valley District in Fayette and Westmoreland Counties; Maryland; Mineral, Grant, and Tucker Counties, W. Va. D. W. Carl, assistant district representative (appointment Feb. 19, 1918): Operations in Upper Potomac Coal Operators Association. Fairmont-Clarksburg field: D. R. Lawson, Fairmont, W. Va. (appointment Dec. 21,1918): Barbour, Braxton, Gilmer, Harrison, Lewis, Marion, Monongalia, Nicholas (Gauley District on B. & 0.), Preston, Randolph, Taylor, Upshur, Webster Counties, in West Virginia. Eastern and central Ohio and "Panhandle" of West Virginia: J. B. Zerbe, Marion Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio (appointment January 24, 1918): Belmont, Columbiana, Carroll, Coshocton, Guernsey, Harrison, Jefferson, Mahoning, Noble, Portage, Stark, Tuscarawas, and Wayne Counties, Ohio; and Brooke, Hancock, Marshal, and Ohio Counties, W. Va. Southern Ohio: W. D. McKinney, 44 East Broad St., Columbus, Ohio (appointment Jan. 7, 1918): Crooksville, Hocking, Jackson, Pomeroy, and Iron- ton fields of Southern Ohio, and Mason County, W. Va. Big Sandy and Elkhorn fields: C. M. Roehrig, Ashland, Ky. (appointment Jan. 29, 1918): Northeastern Kentucky in Boyd, Carter, Floyd, Johnson and Letcher Counties, and Pike County except operations on N. & W. Hazard field: R. A. Hord, Lexington, Ky. (appointment Jan. 28, 1918): In Perry, Breathitt, and Lee Counties, Ky. High Volatile Southern West Virginia: A. H. Land, Huntington, W. Va. (appointment Jan. 3, 1918): Boone, Clay, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mingo, Nicholas (Gauley Dis- trict on C. & O.), Putnam, and Wayne Counties, W. Va.; also that part of Pike and Martin Counties, Ky., served by N. & W.' New River and Winding Gulf fields: W. R. J. Zimmerman, Charleston, W. Va. (appointment Jan. 29, 1918): Southern West Virginia comprising operations on C. & 0. south and east of Hawk's Nest and all operations on Virginian R. R. Tug River and Pocahontas fields. West Virginia; and Clinch Valley and Virginia anthracite fields in Virginia: E. J. Howe, Bluefield, W. Va. (appointment Jan. 29, 1918) : Comprising all operations in southern West Virginia on or tributary to the N. & W. east of Panther and embracing Mercer County and parts of McDowell and Wyoming Counties, W. Va.; and Tazewell Montgomery, Pulaski, and Russell (east of Coulwood on N. & W.) Counties, Va. Southwestern Virginia: , G. D. Kilgore, Norton, Va. (appointment Feb. 4, 1918): Dickinson, Lee and Wise Counties, Va., and Russell County from Coulwood west. Harlan field in Kentucky and Tennessee: E. R. Clayton, 1017 Holston National Bank Bldg., Knoxville, Tenn. (appointment Jan. 23, 1918): Georgia and Tennessee, and Coun- ties of Bell, Harlan, Knox, Laurel, McCreary, and Whitley in Kentucky. Alabama: E. A. Holmes, 1001 Brown Marx Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. (appointment Jan. 7, 1918): All operations in Alabama. Western Kentucky: C. E. Reed, Inter-Southern Bldg., Louisville, Ky. (appointment Feb. 12, 1918). Indiana: C. G.Hall, Trust Bldg., Terre Haute, Ind. (appointment Jan. 7, 1918): All operations in Indiana. Michigan: To be appointed. Illinois: To be appointed. FiitkL SEPOB.'r of "foHE united states fuel ADMlNISTEATOE. SS Iowa-Texas: H. N. Taylor, Keith & Perry Bldg., Kansas City, Mo., assistant district representative (appointment Feb. 20, 1918)— (A) Iowa: D. F. Gushing, 404 Polk Bldg., Des Moines, Iowa. (B) Missouri and Kansas: Charles Markham, Leslie Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. (C) Arkansas: J. G. Puterbaugh, McAlester, Okla. (D) Oklahoma: J. W. Hinton, Ada, Okla. (E) Texas: W. H. John, Bridgeport, Tex, Rocky Mountain: To be appointed. Utah and Southwestern Wyoming: To be appointed. Washington: To be appointed. C6. REPORT ON THE COMPILATION OF THE BITUMINOUS COAL BUDGET, FEBHrAEY 28, 1918. Work on the so-called budget was started about the 20th of December. The idea is to prepare an estimate of the production of each producing district, as defined by the Fuel Administration, for the purpose of handling the production and distribution of. coal through district representatives and to determine the most desirable distribution of coal from each district. It is the intention to notify district representatives and shippers in producing districts that shipments of coal should be restricted to defined consuming areas and that the States in such consuming areas would secure specified proportions of the output based on records of past consumption. Similarly, State administrators and consumers would know with what districts contracts might be placed and would know the approximate amount of coal to which the consuming district was entitled from each producing district. It is thought that, if limited by the State apportionment under the budget, State administrators can more safely be given authority to order or request coal from district representatives when necessary to relieve emergencies. The budget plan is also expected to effect a sav- ing in use of cars through the elimination of long hauls and cross hauls. A complete set of current reports on distribution of coal is to be instituted, which, with the budget, will afford a statistical control and enable the Adminietrtion to act to prevent emergencies when it appears that the requisite amount of coal is not going to a consuming area. The first step in the preparation of this budget was to compile statistics showing the production in each bitimiinous coal district in the four months August-November, 1917, inclusive, showing shipments originating on each railroad in that district. These shipments were then grouped by outlet railroads and classified as follows: 1. Railroad fuel for originating lines. 2. Other shipments. (o) All-rail shipments. (1) Railroad fuel for other Unes. (2) All-raU commercial (classified by States of destination). (6) Tidewater. (1) Foreign bunker. (2) Coastwise bunker. (3) Export cargo. (4) Coastwise cargo (classified by destination, and with railroad fuel separated from "commercial"). (5) Coal delivered within the harbor or bay, known as "inside the capes." The original plan was to make this a complete but tentative four months' budget to represent the probable conditions as to distribution of bituminous coal for the first four months of 1918. Therefore such a budget would not include any lake shipments. It was decided, however, on account of the length of time necessary to complete a budget and the fact that the four months' production figures were found to be representative of a year's production, that they should be used as the basis for the budget for the next coal year. Therefore lake shipments were later included. The first stage in the budget was completed about February 10, showing the distribution of all bituminous coal, as closely as possible) on the basis of present distribution. As a starting point in considering changes in distribution it was decided to first examine the practicability of the proposal, made for the Railroads' War Board and Director General of Railroads, to restrict to defined "zones" the shipments of coal from specified producing districts, shipments to points outside of these zones being embargoed except in the case of coals for special purposes which would go forward under license or permit. Hearings on this railroad proposal have been attended by many coal and railroad men. The Fuel Administration, however, had not been willing to approve the railroads' plan in detail, because itwas not supported by statistics to indicate the quantities of coal to move nor to prove that the supply of coal provided for the various consuming zones would be sufficient. The budget statistics are, therefore, serving a very real purpose, and the budget is rapidly being put into final shape to permit its application as originally con- ceived. A report including the completed budget and zoning plan was submitted to the Manager of Distribution February 28. It is expected that the Fuel Administration, with the aid of the budget and current statistics of coal distribution, will be able to effect a more equitable distribution of coal and do much to prevent the recurrence of the emergency conditions of this last winter. It is recommended that a permanent staff bureau be established to study the question of desirable shifts in distribution of coal, reporting to the Manager of Distribution through his assistant. It is expected that this bureau will be permanent, although most intensive study will be required during the next few weeks in order that the information can be made public in time for contracts to be made in accordance therewith before the beginning of the new coal year. This biu-eau should actively undertake the compilation of consumption statistics for counties or other units within States for the tise of State administrators in apportioning the budget allowance among such divisions of the State. 84 FINAL REPORT OF THE uisTITBD STATES FXJBL ADMINISTRATOR. The application of the budget as originally planned will be modified somewhat if the plan, for determining whicTi are the most essential uses of coal and how much coal is required in each State for these uses, is carried through. If this plan is followed, the original budget estimate as to the total amount of coal which it is expected to supply to each consuming district or area will be supplemented by a state- ment of the minimum amount of coal reqmred by that district to provide fuel for the most essential uses. C7. PROPOSED STAFF CONFERENCES. Fbbetjary 26, 1918. Dr. Garfield. In order that each division of the Fuel Administration shall be advised of the problems and activities of all other divi- sions it is proposed that a staff conference be scheduled regularly two or three times each week at an hour convenient to you, for example on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 10 a. m. The purpose of such conferences will be: 1. To give each operating head such information of other work being carried on as will enable him to develop his work in conformity with general policies and plans of the Administration. 2. To prevent duplication which might result from overlapping of activities because of lack of knowledge of assignment of duties. 3. To enable you to discuss additions to or changes in organization in order to cover certain phases of the problem not then assigned. 4. To give your advisory staff an opportunity to know the activities of the operating divisions in order that they may better advise you and your operating heads on policy. 5. To give you a regular opportunity to announce to members of your staff developments or plans which may affect their work. It is suggested that these conferences be attended by the following heads of divisions and members of the advisory staff: Mr. Nims. Mr. Requa. Mr. Neely. Mr. Neale. Mr. White. Mr. Hope. Mr. Morrow. Mr. Warren. Mr. Snider. Mr. Snead. Mr. Noyes. Mr. Sartwell. Mr. Peale. Mr. Taylor. Mr. Nasmyth. The time should be definitely divided to give each operating head an opportunity to present a brief review of his work. If the con- ference were thirty minutes long, three minutes might be given to the head of each operating division, leaving nine minutes for more gen- eral discussion or for the presentation of any problem specially assigned to a member of the advisory staff. The statements before the conference should be confined to an outline of problems before each division, the action taken, and other important developments of general interest. In no case should the details of the work or detailed solution of problems be presented in these conferences except at your request. It is not proposed that these group conferences take the place of your daily conferences with individual members of the organization, in which the work of each may be discussed in more detail. APPENDIX II THE ACTUAL ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. AS EXAMINED AND REPORTED BY THE BUREAU OF PLANNING AND STATISTICS, WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD October 10, 1918 86 .. Oi /I Hi .■i'i'ao*ia;i :i]^A :e,r ,oj ■■-d.nm- THE ACTUAL ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION. Washington, D. C, October 10, 1918. The organization of the Fuel Administration is shown by the accompanying chart and by the following description of the activities of its leading officials. These officials, as the chart shows, constitute a part of either the executive staff or one of the three main divisions into which the Fuel Administration is divided, namely: (1) Administrative; (2) Distribution; (3) Oil. Each of these divisions, in tm-n, is composed of a number of bureaus. EXECUTIVE STAFF. United States Fuel Administrator (Dr. Harry A. Garfield) : The Fuel Administrator, by virtue of an order of the President, is charged with administering the provi- sions of the Lever Act, which was passed on August 10, 1917. The purpose of this act inter alia is to assure an adequate supply and an equitable distribution of fuel. The powers given to the President under this act have been delegated by him to the Fuel Administrator. By virtue of the authority thus delegated the Fuel Administrator may regulate the production, sale, ship- ment, distribution, apportionment, and storage of coal, coke, natural gas and the fuel products of petroleum; he may license those engaged in those industries and prescribe rules and regulations for the conduct of their business; and he may requisition their plants and businesses. He has express authority to fix the price of coal and coke. He is not expressly authorized to fix the price of oil, but he may determine what are reasonable profits in the oil business as well as in the coal and coke business. The Fuel Administrator passes upon essential questions of policy and maintains the relations of the Administration with the other Government departments, with the fuel industry, and with the public. Assistant United States Fuel Administrator (Mr. Cyrus Garnsey, jr.) : Acts as United States Fuel Administrator in the latter's absence, exercising aU the powers vested in „the United States Fuel Administrator. He is also general director of the Adpiinistrative Division, one of the three main operating divisions, thus holding an anomalous position — ^in one capacity being over the General Directors of two operating divisions and in another capacity being of equal authority with them. Executive Secretary (Mr. David Whitcomb) : Supervises all matters that should receive the attention of the Fuel Administrator and undertakes or supervises any special work of a staff nature not falling within the duties of any member of the organization. Assistant Executive Secretary (Mr. G. E. Howes) : Assists the executive secretary and acts for the latter in his absence. Private Secretary (Miss H. L. Netherwood) : Renders to the Fuel Administrator personal assistance and keeps his private file of correspondence. Advisors (Chief counsel, Mr. B. W. Warren; labor, Mr. J. P. White; bituminous coal, Mr. Rembrandt Peale; anthracite, Mr. J. B. Neale; transportation, Mr. G. N. Snider; technical, Mr. S. A. Taylor) : Advise the Administrator on matters of policy and help formulate general programs for the guidance of the various operating bureaus. As advisors they have no executive or operating functions. The labor and bituminous coal advisors are also joint heads of a Bureau of Labor, which handles aU labor controversies delegated by the Administrator. The anthracite advisor is also director of the Bureau of Production in the Administrative Division. Engineers (Messrs. R. V. Norris and J. H. AUport) : Prepare analyses of coal production costs, which are used as a basis for the determination of the prices to be charged by mining districts. ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. This division controls all functions of the organization except those relating to the distribution of coal and coke and except those relating to oil. General Director (Mr. Cyrus Garnsey, jr.) : Is the executive in control of the Administrative Division, He is also the Assistant Fuel Administrator, acting as the Fuel Administrator in the latter's absence, 87 88 PINAL BBPOKT OF THE UNITED STATES FXJtiL ADMlNlSTRATOfe. 2 O q: o Z N ^ a. o D >• p?' <.hl :>tt ryU P.U 0) iii>: ^^ ^fei OQi It] O X W H(0 (-1 5 "J ^&^ i" y (fi g ^§ X Hi ^ 2 l^ in g o g JO u o 0(0 offl 02 0< 5 «i OB So Qi "3 Qi: Bii H5 as 1 OS u 2S qi (nti FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. 89 General Solicitor (Mr. W. T. Alden) : Handles the legal work of the Administration, including review of contracts, drawing up of orders, inter- pretation of the law, etc. Director of Bureau of State Organisations (Mr. Evans Woolen) : Supervises the work and organizations of the State fuel administrators, except in so far as their activities relate to the distribution of fuel. The powers and responsibilities of the State fuel administrators are very large — much larger than is indi- cated by the chart of the central organization included with this report. Moreover, their power is increasing, since the policy of the Fuel Administration is to decentralize its organization more and more. The State fuel administrators, with their State and local organizations, are in fact the center of the fuel-distributing system. It is their function to see to it that the quantity of coal allotted to them by the national budget is distributed equitably and in accordance with the necessities of the situation. On distribution matters, however, they do not deal with the director of the Bureau of State Organizations, but with the Distribution Division through the Director of State Distribution. Director of Bureau of Prices (Mr. E. Q. Trowbridge) : Keconunends the prices to be charged for coal and coke, including operators, jobbers, and retailers. These recommendations are based upon the analyses made by the engineers. Director of Bureau of Production (Mr. J. B. Neale) : Directs the activities connected with stimulation of coal production. Is assisted by a group of production managers scattered throughout the producing districts. Business Manager (Mr. K. S. Neely) : Purchases suppUes; carries on the routine work of accounting and disbursing; looks after the buildings and grounds; oversees the maU, telegraph and telephone service; and handles problems of personnel. Director of Bureau of Conservation (Mr. P. B. Noyes) : Carries on the work connected with conservation of coal, including studies of the most economical manner of using coal, the adjustments necessary for the use of substitute fuels, and the industries subject to curtail- ment in their coal suppUes. Director of Bureau of Education (Mr. C. E. Persons) : Informs the pubhc as to the policies and work of the Fuel Administration; handles the distribution of pubhcations; and supervises the information room, the library and the clipping service. Manager of Inland Traffic, Bureau of Traffic and Transportation (Mr. F. M. Whitaker) : Acts as the point of contact between the Fuel Administration and the RaUroad Administration on matters affecting the transportation of coal. Director of Bureau of Investigation (Mr. G. F. Macgregor) : Analyzes monthly reports received from 4,000 jobbers of coal and coke as a check on their observance of the orders of the Fuel Administration; also supervises observance by anthracite operators of prices fixed by the Fuel Administrator. Director of Bureau for District of Columbia (Mr. F. G. Jones) : Corresponds to State fuel administrator, except that he forms a part of the central organization at Wash- ington. Director of Mine Tragic Bureau (Mr. F. G. Jones) : Passes on the advisability of opening new coal workings and advises other Government departments as to its findings, including among others the Railroad Administration and the Capital Issues Committee. DISTKEBUTION DIVISION. This division controls the distribution of coal and coke by a general plan or budget which specifies the amount of coal to be supplied to States or defined consuming areas from particular producing districts, the coal thus supplied being distributed within the State by the State fuel administrator under broad powers in this respect. A large part of the coal output, however, is distributed by the Distribution Division direct, without going through the control of the State administrators. This includes coal for direct Army use, coal for the railroads, some war plants, etc. The Distribution Division also issues emergency orders for the shipment of coal during a period "m einal repoet of the united states fuel administbatoe. of shortage. The distribution of coal by the division is, of course, controlled primarily by the preference list of the War Industries Board and by special instructions from the board given from time to time. General Director. (Mr J. D. A. Morrow) : Is the executive in charge of the Distribution Division. Assistant General Director (Mr. S. L. Yerkes) : The official who holds this position is also Assistant Director of the Bureau of Bituminous Coal. In one capacity he is superior to the Director of the Bureau of Bituminous Coal; in another capacity he is subordinate. The situation is anomalous. Director of Bureau of Bituminous Coal (Mr. A. W. Calloway) : Controls the distribution of bituminous coal as between the States. He is assisted by a group of district representatives who secure current reports of production and shipments from their respective districts and who control the destination of shipments of coal from the producing districts, subject, however, to the orders of the director of the bureau. The district representatives honor requests from State fuel administrators for coal in accordance with the budget plan which allots the output of each coal-producing district among a State or group of States ; but they honor these requests because they have been given general instructions to this effect by the director. (See in this connection the description of the functions of the Director of the Bureau of State Organizations, and of the Director of the Bureau of State Distribution.) Director of Bureau of Anthracite (Mr. A. S. Learoyd) : Controls the distribution of anthracite coal as between the States in the same manner as the Director of the Bureau of Bituminous Coal, except that he is served by an Anthracite Committee instead of by a group of district representatives. Director of Bureau of CoTce (Mr. W. S. Blauvelt) : Controls the distribution of coke between the States in the same manner as the Director of Bituminous Coal, except that he has a force of coke representatives. He also supervises the inspection of coke. Director of Bureau of Statistics (Mr. C. E. Lesher) : Collects and tabulates statistics on the production, distribution, and consumption of coal and coke. Director of Bureau of State Distribution (Mr. A. M. Ogle) : Is the point of contact between the State fuel administrators and the Distribution Division on matters affecting the distribution of coal or coke. The State fuel administrators, it may be said, are in control of the distribution of coal within their respective States, subject, of course, to the preference list of the War Industries Board. The coal allotted to them by the budget is supposed to take care of ordinary requirements. If this coal is not forthcoming, the matter is taken up with the district representative or representatives who are under obligation to see that coal is shipped into that State. If the State fuel administrator still fails to receive the allotted coal, he takes the matter up with the Director of State Distribution in the Distribution Division for such action as may prove advisable. To satisfy the requirements of the State fuel administrator, it may be necessary to modify the zoning districts, in which case the matter is taken up with the Director of the Bureaus of Bituminous Coal, Anthracite, or Coke, as the case may be. The procedure in emergency requests is similar: The State fuel administrator, if unable to supply the coal from that within his control, requests coal from the district representative, who supplies the coal if possible. If not, an appeal is made to the Director of State Distribution, who, in turn, takes the matter up with the director of the proper bureau in the Distribution Division. Director of Bureau of Gas Plants (Mr. J. T. Lynn): ■ ' ' Supervises the artificial gas industry in so far as it affects the consumption of fuel. on- DIVISION. This division has charge of the activities that relate to crude petroleum, the refined products of crude petroleum, and natural gas. General Director (Mr. M. L. Requa) : Is the executive in charge of the Oil Division. Director of Bureau of Oil Well Supplies (Mr. G. E. Day) : Is charged with the duty of seemg that oil well supplies (including supplies used in gas fields, pumping stations, refineries, etc.) are produced m quantities adequate to meet the needs of the industry and that they are equitably distributed at fair prices among the various concerns in the industry. PINAL REPORT OP THE UNITED STATES PUEI. ADMINISTEATOR. 91 Director of Bureau of Oil Production (Mr. T. A. O'Donnell) : Supervises the production of crude petroleum. Director of Bureau of Pipe Lines (Mr. S. A. Guiberson, Jr.) : Endeavors to secure maximum efficiency in pipe-line transportation by coordinating existing pipe-line facilities and by determining what extensions, if any, should be made to the present pipe-line systems. Director of Bureau of Technology (Mr. W. A. Williams) : Gives technical advice on matters relating to production and refining of petroleum. Cooperates with the Bureau of Oil Well Supplies in passing upon applications for priority certificates by producing and refining companies and also cooperates with the Capital Issues Committee in passing upon applications for stock issues by such companies. Manager of Inland Traffic, Bureau of Traffic and Transportation (Mr. O. M. Conley) : Is the point of contact between the Oil Division and the Railroad Administration on matters relating to traffic, rates, etc. Director of Bureau of Lubricants and Foreign Requirements (Mr. A. C. Woodman) : Is the point of contact between the Oil Division and the Army, Navy, War Trade Board, and Allied Nations on matters relating to the purchase and movement of petroleum supplies for overseas, including prices of pe- troleum products for export or sale to the Allied Nations. Studies all matters relating to lubricants (including price), whether for domestic or foreign use. Director of Bureau of Domestic Consumption (Mr. C. G. Sheffield) : Provides for the proper distribution of petroleum products throughout the United States and Canada. He is in contact with the various distributing companies organized by the National Petroleum War Service Committee. Director of Bureau of Prices and Licenses (Mr. A. G. Maguire) : Investigates the prices of crude petroleum and its refined products and the marketing methods employed in their sale, with a view to stabilizing prices and correcting inequalities ; also receives and acts upon applications for Ucenses to act as distributors. Director of Bureau of OH Conservation (Mr. W. C Robinson) : Has charge of the conservation of crude petroleum, its refined products, and natural gas, whether by pro- ducers, refiners, or consumers. Director of Bureau of Natural Gas (Mr. T. B. Gregory) : Has charge of all matters relating to the production, transportation, and distribution of natural gas. Director of Bureau of Marine Transportation (Mr. N. B. Beecher) : Advises in regard to tank ships and marine transportation in general. He is also legal counsel to the General Director of the Oil Division. Director of Bureau of Oil Statistics (Mr. F. J. Silsbee) : Compiles information relating to production, pipe-line transportation, refining, distribution, crude stocks, imports, and exports, and miscellaneous matters. Director of Bureau of Engineering (Mr. Thomas Cox) : Ascertains costs of production, refining, or marketing of petroleum and its products; ascertains yields of various grades of crude oils as obtained by the refineries; performs drafting work, etc. Director of Bureau of Special Assignments (Mr. J. W. Williams) : Acts as assistant to the General Director or any of the directors of the various bureaus. Acts also as secre- tary of the Committee on Standardization of Specifications of Petroleum Products, O't; - i .vra : )"s ■v-o APPENDIX III MEMORANDUM UPON FUEL SITUATION IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES December 15, 1918 93 ■^--:.0i MM I Zl MEMORANDUM UPON FUEL SITUATION IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. Prefatory Note. The undersigned have been engaged for the past six weeks as a special commission of the United States Fuel Administration in investigating fuel conditions in European countries. This memorandum is rather hurriedly prepared in pursuance of cabled instructions received from Washington that we place the informa- tion in our possession at the disposal of the President for such use as he may require. The information which we have gathered is of two kuids: (1) Statistical and other similar information, such as is ordinarily printed, and (2) information of a general character obtaiaed in conference and conversation, which rarely finds its way into print. The printed and statistical information which we have obtained is, in the aggregate, so voluminous that it is not particularly well adapted for ready reference on the part of persons not previously familiar with the subject. We have therefore endeavored to prepare a brief informal memorandum, in an attempt to give a general view of the European coal situation, in as readable form as possible, without attempting to cover all the subjects involved or to go very deeply into more technical information. It is needless to add that all the material which we have gathered and all the information in our posses- sion is placed unreservedly at the disposal of the Peace Mission or of anyone connected with it who may desire to examine more deeply into any phase of the subject. Some comment is necessary upon the statistics presented in this memorandum. The official statistics of the various countries regarding exports and imports to one another rarely agree, so that in any comparison of figures discrepancies will inevitably appear. It is not beheved, however, that the differences are in any instance sufficiently serious to affect the conclusions drawn. In examining coal statistics it is also to be borne in mind that in some countries the gross ton is the unit employed, while in others the metric ton is used. In this memorandum, all figures have been reduced uni- formly to gross tons of 2,240 poimds. In many of the smaller countries, as well as in Russia and the enemy countries, reliable statistics of pro- duction, imports, and exports are not available for the period since the beginning of the war. Walter E. Hope. James H. Allpoet. S. Brinkeehoff Thoene, GENERAL. In making a survey of the Em-opean coal situation at this time, one can not faU to be impressed with the advance in the relative importance of coal in international relationships. The war emphasized its importance not only as an essential commodity but as a diplomatic weapon of no mean proportions. The present pros- pect is that it win prove no less a factor to be dealt with in the reconstruction period that is to foUow — at least so long as the present potential shortage continues. ■ For exaniple, coal bears a very close relation to social unrest. The populations of the European beUig- erents have during the war suffered privations in varying degrees through lack of fuel. WiU they continue to endure similar privations . in peace times without active protest ? Again, should the shutting down of fac- tories, either directly through lack of coal or indirectly through lack of transportation on account of f ailtu-e of coal, result in throwing thousands out of work, wUl not a fertile field be provided for Bolshevism ? Italy and Switzerland are to-day confronted with this actual situation, and it is an active possibility elsewhere. . There appears to be no doubt that Europe is facing a real and prospective shortage. Italy, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Sweden produce practically no coal of their own, and Holland and Spain have but little. England, France, Belgimn, Germany, and Austria-Hungary are the principal coal-producing countries. Ee- ports from Germany and Austria-Hungary are confficting and unreliable, but in any event are far from indicating an oversupply. France's production has for some time been 20,000,000 tons per year short of her consumption, and she is to-day calling upon England for that amount. Belgium during normal times pro- duces 3,000,000 tons per year less than she consumes, but at the moment has in prospect a temporary over- supply on account of the prostration of her industries. England, which has always supplied the needs of 95 96 riiTAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRAfOR. Italy and France, has suffered a faUing off in production from 287,000,000 tons in 1913 to less than 230,000,000 tons for 1918. Her coal for export fell from 77,000,000 tons in 1913 to 37,000,000 tons m 1917. Itjis of interest to note, in passing, that while all the other great belligerent countries suffered a severe falling off in their coal output during the war, the yearly production of the United States is now approximately 100,000,000 tons greater than in 1913. Moreover, it appears to be the consensus of opinion in European countries that the period of recon- struction will involve a return at least to prewar consumption, which will call for a very considerable increase over the present rate of production. The prospects for meeting this increase in the immediate future are not favorable for the following reasons: (1) Many mines are at present incapacitated and it will be some time before they can resume full production. (2) In numerous instances, mines now in operation have been crowded to their utmost limit during the war. Development has been sacrificed in order to conserve labor and to obtain the maximum im- mediate production. In consequence, the mines are in poor shape for an immediate increase in output and considerable time must elapse before this condition can be remedied. (3) Difficulty in securing sufficient labor and necessary materials and suppHes for the operation and development of the mines. (4) Inadequate transportation facilities, including both the shortage of shipping and the crippled condition of railroads and other means of inland transportation. We are led to believe, therefore, that Europe faces a prospective shortage of coal for some months to come and that only the most careful and judicious distribution of the available supply will avert conditions of severity during the coming winter, particularly in Italy and Switzerland. The winter was already upon us when the war came suddenly to an end and in the inevitable confusion attending readjustment it is more than ordinarily difficult for the countries whose need is greatest and who are less advantageously situated to make provision for their requirements. It would seem desirable, therefore, to continue at least throughout the coming winter some form of Allied supervision which will assure the distribution of the available supply in the most equitable manner. GREAT BRITAIN. Great Britain is the largest producer of coal in Europe and the largest exporter of coal in the world. Her exports of coal constitute about one-quarter of her entire output and form the backbone of her export trade. Italy and Spain are almost entirely dependent upon Great Britain for coal, while France, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and other countries look to her for a very considerable percentage of their supply. For years her ships have carried coal upon the outbound voyage and retm-ned with cargoes of raw materials. This combination permitted low freight rates and a corresponding lessening of the cost of production and distribution. The following table gives the production of coal and coke in Great Britain and the amounts exported during the years 1909 to 1918: Great Britain. [The figures are thousands of gross tons of 2,240 pounds and include coal, coke, and briquettes.) Produc- tion. Exports to France. E:g)orts to Italy. Exports to Nor- way. Exports to Swe- den. Exports to Den- mark. Exports to Hol- land. Emorts to Spain. Exports to Por- tugal. Exports toBel- gium. Exports to others. Total exports. Consump- tion. 1909.. 1910.. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914.. 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918 » 263,774 264,433 271,892 260,416 287,430 265,664 253,206 256,375 248,473 208,727 9,248 8,347 8,972 8,885 13,014 12,497 18,281 18,580 19,283 16,954 8,626 8,498 9,906 8,895 5,947 5,937 4,345 3,873 2,007 2,060 2,060 2,257 2,335 2,660 2,824 2,653 1,192 1,311 4,129 4,238 4,044 4,312 4,837 4,533 2,749 1,674 622 1,010 2,295 2,189 2,118 2,118 1,998 1,732 1,796 1,347 381 76 2,250 2,175 2,227 2,448 2,721 3,259 2,255 2,141 836 465 1,166 1,158 1,121 1,318 1,358 1,068 254 141 1,691 1,677 1,915 1,753 2,245 1,173 31,159 31,665 33,301 32,483 35,173 22,767 7,695 5,566 9,991 7,090 65,694 64,520 67,272 67,036 76,689 61,830 45,770 41,158 37,801 31,927 198,080 199,913 204,620 193,380 210,741 203,834 207,436 215,217 210,672 176,800 1 The tonnages for 1918 are January to November, inclusive. Note.— There is a variation between the export figures of England and the import figures of France and Italy, due in part to the difference in methods of tabulation, particularly since August, 1914. It win be seen that with the progress of the war there was a steady and severe falling off of British production, from 287,000,000 tons in 1913 to 248,000,000 tons in 1917. The decrease has continued even more marked in the ciirrent year and the total production for 1918 can hardly exceed 226,000,000 tons. Nevertheless, this decrease was not seriously felt dming the first months of the war, for the reason that any deficit in home consumption was made up by the rapid decline in the tonnage exported, due in chief measure FINAL KEPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUJiL ADMINISTKATOB. 97 to the inability to secure adequate shipping. In 1916, however, the shortage began to be felt and labor troubles finally precipitated Government control. The fall in production was principally due to shortage of labor. In the first year of the war 191,170 miners enlisted, and while some of this labor was replaced the net loss was 134,186. A year later, in June, 1916, 285,000 miners had joined the colors and the net shortage was 153,000. When the decrease in production became apparent, extraordinary efforts were made to secure a return of soldiers to the mines, with some success, but in the early part of 1918 it again became necessary to call upon the mine forces for 75,000 additional recruits. Labor strikes and disputes and transportation difficulties also contributed their share in the resulting shortage. Labor troubles in South Wales finally brought matters to a head, with the result that on November 29, 1916, the Government took control of the mines in the South Wales district. Shortly thereafter, on February 22, 1917, all the mines were taken imder Government control. The organization and methods adopted by the Government constitute too extended a subject to be covered in a memorandum of this length and will be treated as a separate subject. A Controller of Coal Mines, Sir Guy Calthrop, was appointed in February, 1917, with very broad powers. Maximum prices at the mines were first estabhshed in July, 1915, and have subsequently been increased. At the present time there has been an aggregate increase of 13 shillings per ton in South Wales and 10 shillings and 6 pence in the rest of the country over and above the prices prevailing in June, 1914. Prices of wholesalers, jobbers, and retail dealers were also regulated. Demands for increased wages on the part of labor were adjusted by the controller, who induced the miners, in September, 1917, to accept a flat increase of Is. 6d. a day in the case of men and 9d. a day in the case of boys, this amount being received in addition to the regular wage for each day upon which a man was ready and able to work irrespective of whether he actually worked or not. This was known as the "war wage," and was further increased by a like amount in June, 1918. Every effort was made to stimulate production and to facilitate distribution. Great Britain was divided into 20 areas or zones, the purpose being to cut down unnecessary transportation, eliminate crosshauls, and insure the consumption of coal nearest the point at which it was mined. By this plan it is estimated that 700,000,000 ton-miles were saved. Similar savings were effected with shipping. An elaborate machinery of local committees and officials was set up throughout the country to effect an equitable distribution. All these measures, however, did not suffice to prevent a continued decrease in production, and by the summer of 1918, when the Spanish influenza was prevalent, the shortage had become threatening. In con- sequence, in the fall of 1918 a system of rationing household fuel was introduced and was accompanied by a well-conducted publicity campaign urging economy and conservation upon the public. This rationing system is still in force and beyond question should effect an appreciable saving. THE PRESENT SITUATION. Great Britain, therefore, finds herself at the close of the war with a heavy demand and a definite shortage of coal. Every effort is being made to meet the situation. Miners are being brought back from the Army in advance of other troops at a rate which will shortly reach 5,000 a day. The authorities are entertaining the hope that sometime in January, 1919, production may increase as much as 500,000 tons a week, which would of course materially help the situation. It is to be doubted, however, whether there will be any substantial relief in the near future for several reasons. The men returning from the Army will not in all probability go back to work immediately. Then there are the Christmas holidays and the proceedings attending the general election now in progress. There has been a renewal of the Spanish infiuenza, and many of the workers are incapacitated. Moreover, the Government throughout the war has consistently discouraged development work, and many of the mines are, therefore, in a condition which is not favorable to an immediate increase of production of any considerable proportions. Some operations have even been closed down during the war in an effort to conserve labor. There wiU undoubtedly be a falling off in the consumption of coal for war-'purposes, but it is a question whether this saving will not be offset by the requirements of reviving industries. The outstanding fact is that England for the past year has been producing at the rate of 230,000,000 tons a year, as against 287,000,000 tons in 1913. She is faced not only by a heavy demand at home, where stocks are lower than ever before, but by an even more urgent demand upon the part of the foreign markets which she has been accustomed to supply. Italy and France are crying for coal, while Spain, Holland, Norway, Sweden, and other neutrals, which for the past four years have been allowed only such quantities as war policies might dictate, are anxious to replenish their depleted stocks and to fortify themselves for the period of reconstruction. It seems reasonable to expect that until Great Britain can effect a considerable increase in her production there will continue to be a definite shortage, which other European countries will share proportionately. 122600—21 7 98 FINAL EEPOET OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTEATOK. It is of interest to contemplate the effect of this situation upon Great Britain's coal trade to South America. Prior to 1914 Great Britain's exports of coal to South America were approximately 7,000,000 tons per year, of which oyer 6,000,000 went to ports on the Eastern Coast. This trade proved highly desirable, the vessels proceeding out laden with coal and returning with raw materials and supplies. During the war England was compelled to abandon this trade to a very considerable extent, her exports to Argentine, Brazil, and Uruguay being 1,105,000 tons in 1916, as against 6,304,000 tons in 1913. Latterly, shortage of coal in Great Britain has also been a factor, British vessels proceeding in some instances in ballast to the United States and there taking on coal which was transported to South America. It is to be further noted that exportations from the United States to the three countries above named increased from 440,000 tons in the year ending June 30, 1914, to 1,619,000 tons in the year ending June 30, 1916.' The British Government is fully alive to the importance of its coal trade, particularly in its export features, and various committees have had the matter imder consideration for many months past. One committee has rendered a very comprehensive report on the position of the coal trade after the war. Another committee has rendered a report on coal conservation; still another fuel research board is engaged upon an investigation of the possible economies to be effected through carbonization and the recovery of by-products. FRANCE. During the five years preceding the war the consumption of coal in France averaged slightly less than 60,000,000 tons per year. Of this amount approximately 40,000,000 tons were produced in France and some- thing less than 20,000,000 tons were imported. ' . The following table gives the figures of production, importation, exportation, and consumption for the years from 1909 to 1918 as furnished by the French authorities: Frawx. [The figures are thousands ol gross tons of 2,240 pounds, furnished by Ministfere de I'Arniement, Bureau National des Charfcons, and include coal, coke, and briquettes.] 1909.. 1910.. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. Produc- tion. 37,232 37,734 38,600 40,484 40,186 Import- ed from Eng- land. 10, 371 10,233 9,692 8,877 11,076 Import- ed from Bel- gium. 14,920 I 4,920 1 4,920 4,631 4,801 Import- ed from others. "4,428 14,920 5,620 5,974 Total imports. 19,227 19,681 19,532 19,028 21,853 Total produc- tion and imports. 56,459 57,315 67,132 69,612 62,039 Exports to Bel- gium, Italy, and Switzer- land. 1,236 1,348 1,409 1,921 1,364 Con- sum p- 65, 323 55,967 55,723 67,591 60,675 1914.. 1916.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918.. Produc- tion. 28,634 19,679 20,663 28,437 '26,666 Import- ed from Eng- land. 2 10,725 19,679 20,466 18,158 18,695 Import- ed from Bel- gium. 2 4,969 Import- ed )rom others. Total imports. 2 18, 105 19,679 20,466 18,158 18,695 Total produc- tion and imports. 46,639 39,368 41,129 46,695 45,261 Exports to Bel- glum, Italy, and Switzor^ land. 5 701 8 984 '1,968 2 2,952 >4,920 Con- sump- tion. 45,93S 38,374 39,161 43,643 40,341 1 Approximate tonnage. ■ Estimated tonnage. ^ Tonnage includes supplies to Allied Armies in France. < The months of Kovemter and December are estimated. At the very outset of the war France was deprived through German occupation of the very important mines in the northeastern section of the country (Lens, Douai, Valenciennes, Denain, etc.), and her production fell from 40,000,000 tons a year to about 20,000,000 tons per year. Importations continued at approximately 20,000,000 tons annually, so that the net result of the war conditions was a shortage of about 20,000,000 tons per year. These mines continued in German possession, with slight and temporary exceptions, throughout the duration of the war, and in addition certain of the mines in the region farther west and the transportation Unes affecting them, although never in enemy possession, were at times so near the German lines that their operation was seriously interfered with. During a considerable period, particularly between March and August, 1918, it was necessary to operate only at night in order not to attract shell fire. As time went on, the resulting shortage was to some extent offset by the intensive development of the mines in the south of France, so that production once more increased from 19,000,000 tons in 1915 to 28,000,000 tons in 1917. At the same time, France was cut off from the very extensive tonnage she had been accustomed to receive from Belgium and Germany, amounting in 1912 and 1913 to about 4,000,000 tons of coal and coke a year, but the greater part of this shortage was made up through increased imports from England. There was some further offset in the fact that the captured territories had also been industrial centers, and with their loss their demand on France for fuel necessarily ceased. Moreover, the heavy drain on the man- power of the nation had its effect on industrial activity and there was a cessation of enterprises not essential to the conduct of the war. Furthermore, it had been the custom of French industrial concerns and public utility plants in particular to carry large stocks of coal and these were of material assistance at first in tiding over the emergency during the early months of the war. Eventually, however, increasing scarcity and rising prices compelled action upon the part of the Govern- ment, which at first was only partial in character, including the fixing of maximum prices at the mines. Finally, FINAL REPOET OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTBATOB, 99 however, the Government assumed complete control of the industry and it was placed under the supervision of the Ministfere de I'Armement et des Fabrications de Guerre, of which M. Loucheur is the head. Commandant Bl^try is the official directly in charge of coal. The various provisions adopted for the distribution of the available supply of coal, together with the restric- tions upon its use, are contained in their most recently revised form in a pamphlet of some length,' copy of which is appended to this report together with a translation thereof. There is also set forth therein a description of the organization of the "bureau" and its method of operation. Inasmuch as it is clearly a war measure, it will serve no useful purpose to enumerate the various provisions here in detail. It may be said, however, that the Erench Government expects to continue its operation as long as the present shortage remains acute and until more normal conditions are restored. In particular, it may be said that there have been very severe restrictions upon the use of coal for household purposes and a system of rationing has been introduced, which, however, does not appear to have met with signal success. In the matter of prices, the Government has purchased all the coal whether imported or of home production. The prices have varied greatly, particularly in imported coal, where the freight rates have covered a wide range. It was necessary, for example, to pay much higher rates for neutral tonnage than for British bottoms which were under AUied control. The price paid to the producer for coal mined in France during the war period was depend- ent upon the cost of production, ranging from approximately 25 francs per ton in 1914 to 45 francs in 1918, but the coal was sold by the Government at a price having no relation to its cost. In other words, the coal was pooled and then sold at prices depending upon the use for which it was required. Thus, 60 francs a ton was charged for coal for household purposes when industries were charged 120 francs a ton. It was the intention of the Government to so arrange prices as to conduct the entire transaction without loss. CONDITION OF MINES IN DEVASTATED REGIONS. Through the courtesy of the French Government, this commission was enabled to make a three days' trip for the purpose of -inspecting the coal mines in the devastated regions of Lens, Valenciennes, Denain, etc., in the north of France. We were accompanied by the following representatives of the French Government, all of whom are connected with the Ministry of Armament and concerned with coal: Col. Petsche, Conunandant Bletry, Commandant Macaux, Capitaine Pilliard, Capitaine Guerre, and a representative of the Navy. This Northern field, known as the Valenciennes basin, is by far the most important in France, comprising as it does the Nord and Pas-de-Calais districts, which between them produced, the year before the war, over 65 per cent of the output of the country. It runs nearly east west, and although the small area of coal in the vicinity of Boulogne is an extension of this basin the basin proper commences about 30 miles from the coast and extending some 60 miles into French territory crosses into Belgium, the mines around Charleroi and Mons being a continuation of the same field which stretches through Belgium into Germany. The basin is narrow in the western end, but broadens out toward the center, attaining its maximum width of about 10 miles at Lens, comprising on French soil an area of approximately 400 square mUes. The character of the coal, the pitch of the measures, and the niunber and thickness of the seams differ greatly. At one of the Lens mines the coal measiu:es are over 3,500 feet in depth, with a total coal thickness said to exceed 150 feet in some 50 workable veins. The majority of seams worked are from 3 to 4 feet in thickness, though in places, due to a thickening up of the seam, usually compensated for by a pinching down elsewhere, they are mining in 30 feet of coal, in contrast to which 18-inch and 2-foot veins are being worked in other sections. In general the higher volatile coals, running up to 35 and 40 per cent volatile combustible, are in the upper series and the higher carbon coals carrying as little as 6 to 10 per cent volatile in the lower ones. However, the character of coal in the vein itself often changes in like manner as it takes deeper cover. Excellent coke is made in portions of the field and a great many of the operations include batteries of by-product ovens in their surface equipment. The division line between the Pas-de-Calais and the Nord districts is west of Lens, the former district com- prising the operations between that point and the western end of the basin and the latter taking in the remainder of the field to the Belgian line, including such mining centers as Lens, Douai, Douchy, Valenciennes, and numer- ous other smaller mining communities in its area, with approximately 50 operations. France has no other coal fields which compare in size or quality with the Nord and Pas-de-Calais. Next in importance is the St. Etieime basin, southwest of Lyons, followed by the Alais and Chalon basins, which according to the latest figures obtainable were producing in September, 1918, 322,000 tons, 245,000 tons, and 232,000 tons, respectively, out of a total production of 1,817,000 tons. Seven other local basins scattered over the country are at present producing, the quality of output varying from a low-grade bituminous to a > Delivered to the President at Paris. 100 riNAl, REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. lignite. These operations commanded no extensive market before the war, and although their output has through necessity been largely increased to help meet the emergency caused by the loss of tonnage from the Nord, their production will undoubtedly drop off again as soon as conditions once more become normal and a better quality of fuel is obtainable. It was possible, of course, within the time permitted to visit only a limited number of selected operations, but these were said by the French to be typical. The mines visited were as follows: At Lens, the mines of the Society des Mines de Lens; at Sallaumines, the Sainte-Barbe mines of the Courrieres Co.; at Denain, the mine of the Compagnie des Mines d'Anzin; and two operations of the Compagnie des Mines de Douchy, one at Douchy and the other, the Paul Schneider Mine, at Lourches. The companies visited were among the largest producers of this field, their total output according to the last published figures being 9,906,000 tons per year. They furnished employment for 46,703 men and owned 15,015 houses of excellent construction for the use of their employees. The plants had been of the most modern and permanent character, of extra-heavy steel and masonry construction throughout, with electrical and compressed-air equipment, and in some instances had by-product coke ovens. The shafts were deep, varying from 1,300 feet at the Lens to 2,200 feet at the Denain operation of the Anzin Co., and 2,700 feet at the Paul Schneider shaft. The conditions varied from complete demolition to partial destruction of surface structures. Thus the operation at Lens was completely razed, nothing remaining but a heap of d6bris. The shaft was located with difficulty and is filled with wreckage. Not a structure remains standing in Lens, and at the time of our visit there was no living inhabitant. The desolation must be seen to be fully realized.- The Courrieres mine at Sallaumines, east of Lens, had been somewhat damaged by shell fire, but much more by dynamiting and the use of oxyacetylene gas flame on the part of the Germans at the time of their withdrawal. Practically all of the other mines visited had suffered comparatively little from shell fire and had been worked by the Germans until shortly prior to their departure, the damage consisting of burning or dynamiting steel towers, tipples, and other surface structures, and machinery, and of such a character as to render operation impossible. On account of the destruction it was not possible to make an examination of interior^ conditions, but we were advised that water has risen in the shafts and the workings must of necessity be filling up, inasmuch as it has not been possible as yet to resume pumping in the district. What interior damage has been done by the Germans is not known, but the French engineers were inclined to discredit reports to the effect that shaft rings had been dynamited and that quicksand and marl, which in this section are thick and heavy water-bearing, had been permitted to flow into the mines. Apart from any other possible damage, however, the flooding of the mines alone will present sufficient difficulties, taken in connection with the destruction of machinery, the geological conditions, the extreme depths of the shafts, the difficulty of securing materials and labor and of housing labor. In many operations there is but one shaft, the underground workings being connected for long distances to provide ventilation and emergency exits for the men. In view of all the factors which must enter into the situation, any statement regarding the resumption of production must necessarily be in the nature of a mere estimate. The French engineers state that full pro- duction can not be resumed for at least three years, and this is undoubtedly true with respect to certain opera- tions. In other instances, where the damage is less extensive, it should be possible to produce some coal within a very few months. It is entirely a question of securing promptly the required materials and machinery and the necessary labor to operate, with the added problem in the devastated towns of housing and provisioning. It is, however, futile to look for any substantial production of coal from this region during the current winter. The entire subject of rehabilitation of the mines is receiving the attention of the French Government as a part of its program of reconstruction. Preliminary measures had been under consideration for some time, but during the last week of November, 1918, there was constituted the Ministry of Industrial Eeconstruction, having at its head M. Loucheur, who during the war had been the Minister of Armament. The rehabihtation of the mines will be under the charge of a section, at the head of which is Col. Cuvelette, with whom we con- ferred. All purchases of machinery, supplies, etc., will be made through this department of the Government, which will presumably also arrange questions of credit, etc. We were given to understand that orders had already been placed for the heavier types of machinery required, but that the Government might be in the market for light machinery and equipment. We derived the impression, however, that at the time of our conference no definite plan of action had as yet crystallized. France's coal requirements. In 1913 France's consumption of coal was slightly in excess of 60,000,000 tons. The French authorities estimate that immediately following the war France will require 60,000,000 tons per year and that her full requirements will presently reach 63,000,000 tons per year. Of the 5,000,000 tons a month necessary to produce this program, it is her present plan to secure 1,500,000 tons per month from German sources and the balance from her own production and from importation, chiefly from England. PINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. 101 So far as her own resources are concerned, apart from the injury to the mines in the north, it is to be borne in mind that the remaining mines, which have continued in operation throughout the war, have been operated under the greatest pressure with a view to the largest possible immediate production and a minimum of atten- tion to maintenance or development work. It is not, therefore, reasonable to expect a further increase in the output of these mines during the near future, with the exception of the Pas-de-Calais district, where improved transportation facilities may better the present production, but for any marked increase one must look to the rehabilitation of the mines in the devastated regions. France must, therefore, look outside of her own borders for at least half of her coal supply for some little time to come. If for any reason her expectations of 1,500,000 tons per month from Germany should be dis- appointed, she will have to look to that extent to Great Britain and to Belgium should that country develop a temporary oversupply. There is every prospect that, with the present shortage in England, Great Britain will experience difficulty in meeting anything more than her present demands. In that event, it is not improbable that there will be a demand of very considerable proportions for American coal, although comparatively little coal has ever been exported from the United States to France in the past. The chief determining facts will, of course, be the price and ability to deliver, and these will in turn depend almost entirely upon shipping and freight rates. It is probably true that France can, if necessary, get along upon less than 60,000,000 tons a year. She has gone through the war upon 40,000,000 tons a year, at the same time maintaining her military activities. On the other hand, it must be remembered that her coal stocks are at this time probably lower than ever in her history and the reserve supphes of gas plants and public utilities, for example, are at the danger point. It is questionable also whether the population will in peace times submit without disturbance to a continuance of the privations they have suffered in war. The French authorities did not anticipate any serious labor troubles in connection with the mining industry. There will, of course, be large problems of housing, etc., and of obtaining a sufficient force of workmen in the devastated district, but the authorities professed to have no considerable apprehension upon this score. ITALY. With the exception of certain lignite, Italy produces substantially no coal of her own and is dependent almost entirely upon importations for her supply. Prior to 1914 her consumption of imported coal amounted to about 10,000,000 tons per year, upward of 85 per cent of which was supplied by Great Britain, the next largest source of supply being Germany. With the entrance of Italy into the war the supply from Germany was cut off. The supply from Great Britain had already been materially curtailed, so that Italy had experi- enced in consequence a very severe shortage of fuel. In an effort to meet this situation she has greatly increased her own production of lignite, from approximately 700,000 tons in 1914 to 2,500,000 tons per year at the present time, and has made use of this inadequate fuel to some extent upon her State railways and in certain pubhc utility plants, but this measure of necessity has conrtibuted only slightly to the solution of her problem, particularly as the lignite is very poor in quality and high in sulphur and moisture. At the same time, the increase in demand for munition plants and other war purposes rendered the shortage more acute. The following table shows the imports of coal into Italy during the years from 1909 to 1918: Italy. [The figures are thousands of gross tons of 2,310 pounds, furnished by Ministero peri transporti maritimi ferroyirri Commissarioto Generale peri Carboni, and include coal, coke, and briquettes.] Import- ed from Eng- land. Import- ed from Ger- many. Import- ed from France. Import- ed from Auftria. Import- ed from United States. Import- ed from others. Total con- sump- tion. Pro- duc- tion of lignite. Import- ed from Eng- land. Import- ed from Ger- many. Import- ed from Tranno. Import- ed from Austria. Import- ed from United States. Import- ed from others. Total con- sump- tion. Pro- duc- tion of lisnite. 1909 8,699 8,293 ,=,fi26 8,498 9,246 167 486 436 875 952 83 83 98 168 162 69 58 84 174 132 50 185 14 67 92 86 84 184 114 76 9,154 9,189 9,442 9,896 10,660 700 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 8,349 5,992 6,885 4,563 13,417 837 67 27 4 20 11,855 66 287 1,714 1,040 451 197 11 511 7 4 9,617 8,244 7,936 5,038 '6,369 780 1911 1 2*10 1913 1 January to October, inclusive. From the foregoing table it is apparent that Italy has been receiving very much less coal than even her normal requirements. In consequence, rigid restrictions have become necessary upon its use, the entire distri- bution of the available supply being under the control of the Government. No coal whatever is obtainable for household heating. During the first three months of 1917, 120 out of 128 gas plants throughout the country were shut down, leaving only those in the large cities in operation. From April 1, 1917, to November 1, 1918, 102 FINAL EEPOKT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOE. consumers were allowed gas during an aggregate of only four hours a day for cooking purposes. Since November 1, 1918, 60,000 tons a month, have been allotted to gas plants, the ordinary consumption of which is 100,000 tons per month. During 1917 and the early part of 1918, textile industries, paper mills, glass factories, and other enterprises not directly engaged in war work received less than 10 per cent of their normal requirements. In consequence there has been alarge increase in the use of wood for fuel, the supply of which is rapidly becoming exhausted within reasonable transportation limits. On October 30, 1916, an agreement was entered into by the terms of which Italy was to receive 650,000 tons per month, but by reason of various war exigencies this monthly program was never attained. The situa- tion came to a head in March, 1918, when Italian coal requirements were fully considered at the first session of the Allied Maritime Transport Council, and it was unanimously agreed that Italy must have a minimum of 600,000 tons a month, of which amount 250,000 tons were to be British coal and 350,000 tons were to be French coal. This program has been substantially carried out, although not in the exact proportions indicated. The German drive in the spring of 1918 interfered seriously with French transportation facilities and it therefore became necessary to supply a much larger proportion of British coal. Inasmuch, however, as British coal is superior in quality to French coal, this change worked to the advantage of Italy. In addition, Great Britain shipped to Italy during 1918, 150,000 tons of British coal as a strategical reserve. Appended hereto is a table' furnished by the Italian Govermnent, showing the amounts of coal imported into Italy from January, 1916, to and including October, 1918, with the details of the various kinds of coal and the sources from which received. CONTROL OF DISTRIBUTION. Scarcity of coal and high prices early compelled supervision by the Govermnent, which eventually took over entire control. At first the traffic was largely regulated by agreements with the British Government, which supplied both the coal and the tonnage. In the fall of 1916 the Comitate Centrale Charboni was insti- tuted, which established maximum prices. In March, 1917, there was constituted the Commisariato Generale per i Charboni, as a part of the Ministry of Maritime and Kailroad Transport. The Director General is Signor Comm. Vittorio Laviosa. Appended hereto is a chart' showing the organization of the Commisariato Generale per i Charboni, with its various departments and their respective functions. Since March, 1917, this department has exercised the entire control over the coal supply to Italy. The Government purchases the coal imported and distributes it, fixing the price of sale. The price of sale is not based upon cost, but varies according to the use for which it is required, the price paid by the Government and certain public utilities differing, for example, from that paid by other consumers. The price per ton was reduced upon the 1st of December, 1918, to 200 lire, but had been much higher during certain periods of the war. Private importation of coal has not been forbidden, but the impossibility of securing the necessary bottoms under war conditions has rendered this feature negligible. Appended hereto is a tabulation' furnished by the Italian Government showing the distribution of all coal imported into Italy from January 1, 1916, to and mcludmg October, 1918, with the details as to the various classes of consumers, including Navy, railroads, munition plants, public utilities, etc. An important change in the situation took place during the week this commission was in Rome. Under date of November 18, 1918, a Regent's Decree was promulgated, establishing a governmental monopoly over certain commodities, including coal. This decree has such an important bearing upon the attitude of the Government toward the coal trade during the reconstruction period that a translation of the first two articles is given, as follows: regent's decree, 1721, DATED NOVEMBER 18, 1918, CONCERNING THE ESTABLISHMENT OE NEW STATE MONOPOLIES. Article 1. Dating from a day which shall be appointed by royal decree on the proposal of the Ministers of Finance, of the Treasury and others concerned, the State shall assume with the right to monopolize the stocking and the sale Jointly or separately of the following products: Coffee and substitutes thereof. Tea. Sugar. Petroleum, benzine, paraffin, and other heavy and light mineral oils (exclusive of lubricants) and the by-products thereof bv distillation. ' Coal (exclusive of coke produced in Italy). Denatured alcohol. Explosives. Electric-light bulbs. On the same date, the State will assume the monopoly of the extraction of mercury in the territory of the Kingdom and its sale inland and abroad as well as the monopoly of the extraction of quinine and the by-products thereof. I Delivered to the President at Paris. VITSAL EEPOBT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTEATOR. 103 Art. 2. The producers and eventually the importers of the products mentioned iu the list given in paragraph 1 of article 1 will only be able to sell them to the State, which will establish the maximum buying and selling prices by decree of the minister of Finance and after hearing the Administration Council mentioned in article 4 of the present decree. (Here follow articles 3 to 9, containing various administrative provisions.) At the time tliis commission was in Rome, we were informed that the foregoing decree must receive the approval of the Chamber of Deputies. If, as anticipated, this approval is obtained and the monopoly becomes effective, it will greatly change the conditions surrounding any prospective coal trade of the United States with Italy, as well as existing trades in such commodities as petroleum. Italy's coal requirements. As above stated, Italy was importing prior to the war approximately 10,000,000 tons a year. For the past two years she has been receiving coal at the rate of approximately 7,000,000 tons per year, with inevitable restriction upon industry and hardships upon the people, who are deprived of coal for domestic heating. The representatives of the Italian Government urge with great earnestness that the minimum annual needs of the coimtry are 10,000,000 tons a year and that they should in fact have 12,000,000 tons per annum in order to meet their actual requirements. They put forth the urgent claims of the newly recovered territory for which, if only as a matter of pohcy, ample provision should be made. They also draw attention to the fact that while the people may suffer privation without protest in war time, with the coming of peace they will demand that they be allowed fuel, and a refusal may give rise to serious disturbances. They further point out the necessity for the rehabilitation of their industries, which have in whole or in part been deprived of their coal supply for many months past, and to the necessity for replenishing exhausted stocks. In this connection there is ap- pended hereto a statement ^ furnished by the Italian Government, showing the amounts of stocks on hand up to and including October, 1918. On the other hand, it is probable that some coal will be released through the reduction of activity on the part of munition plants and other similar war enterprises, and it is undoubtedly the fact that Italy, as with other countries similarly situated, wUl from this time on press the development of her available water power to an extent never attempted before, which wUl result in extending the electrification of her railroads and a consequent saving in coal. Obviously, however, this latter relief can not become effective for some time. It is possible, moreover, that with unproved transportation facilities, the production of lignite may be still fxirther increased, but the relief from this source must necessarily be of a very limited character, on account of the inferior grade of fuel and excessive cost of production. It seems reasonable to conclude, therefore, that her annual requirements will be at least 10,000,000 tons and t'hat the need is more likely to increase than to decrease. During the years from 1909 to 1913, inclusive, Great Britain furnished to Italy an average of upwards of 8,500,000 tons per year. The trade is regarded as advantageous to her and no doubt she will seek to resume and continue it. Whether in view of conditions at home and of the heavy demand both at home and in other countries, she will be able to resume in full her former shipments to Italy remains to be seen. In this connection it is of interest to note that while importations of coal from the United States to Italy were negligible in amount prior to 1913, thereafter due in part to war conditions and in part to a coal strike in Great Britain, they rose from 82,000 tons in 1913 to 287,000 tons in 1914, 1,714,000 tons in 1915, and 1,040,000 tons in 1916. These figures are furnished by the Italian Government, the United States records showing even larger amounts. Thereafter, on account of prohibitive freight rates and the difficulty of obtaining bottoms, importations from the United States fell off precipitately until in the first nine months of 1918, according to the figures of the Italian Government, they amounted to 9,700 tons. The subject of the importation of American coal is here, as elsewhere, in Europe, almost entirely a question of shipping and freight rates. We were received with great courtesy and consideration by the representatives of the Italian Government and conferred at length with Signor Laviosa, Director of the Commissario General Charboni, and with Signer Gullini, of the Ministry of Transport, who placed the facilities of their offices at our disposal and furnished us with aU information requested. They also expressed their entire willingness at any time to furnish any further information that might be desired. We were also accorded a similar reception by Prof. Attolico, Lieut. Farina, and Signor Galli, of the Italian Mission at London. BELGIUM. Prior to the war, Belgium produced about 23,000,000 tons of coal a year. She both exported and imported considerable quantities of coal and coke, the imports exceeding the exports by about 3,000,000 tons per year. Most of the imports came from Germany, and most of the exports went to France. 1 Delivered to tlie President at Paris. 104 FINAL EBPOBT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTKATOB. The following table gives the production of coal in Belgium and the imports and exports for the years from 1909 to 1913: Belgium. [The figures are thousands of gross tons of 2,240 pounds and include coal, coke, and briquettes.] Pro- duc- tion. Im- ported from Eng- land. Im- ported from Ger- many. Im- ported from Hoi land. Im- ported from France. Total produc- tion and im- ports. Exports to Ger- many, Holland, France, and others. Con- sump- tion. Pro- duc- tion. Im- ported from land. Im- ported from Ger- many. Im- ported , from Hol- land. Im- ported from France. Total produc- tion and im- ports. Exports Ger- many, HoUand, France, and others. Con- sump- tion. 1909 1910 1911 23,140 23,532 22,683 1,691 1,677 1,915 3,530 4,018 4,690 213 270 397 643 867 888 28,219 29,354 29,573 5,994 5,909 6,096 22,225 23,445 23,477 1912 1913 22,603 22,474 1,753 2,245 5,413 6,113 514 599 1,261 866 31,544 32,297 5,976 6,997 25,668 26,300 The situation at the time of present writing (Dec. 1, 1918) is completely changed. During the war the mines were in the possession of the Germans, some being entirdy shut down and others worked on about half time. Prior to their withdrawal the Germans had made complete preparations for the destruction of the mines, but at the last minute these plans were not carried out, and the mines are reported to be practically undamaged. They are extremely lacking in necessary lubricants and cables and the working force is of course greatly depleted, but provided wants of this character can be supplied there appears to be no reason why the Belgian mines should not resume a very substantial percentage of their former production within a comparatively brief period. Every effort is being made to bring about this result, inasmuch as coal constitutes the most readily available asset which Belgium now possesses and the best and quickest means of effecting exchange. Furthermore, notwithstanding the fact that in normal times Belgium consumed more coal than she pro- duced, for some time to come she will in all probability have a substantial surplus, provided she can resume anything like full production. This condition is due to the fact that, with the exception of coal and glass, Belgium's industries have been almost completely paralyzed, and her consumption of coal is correspondingly decreased. In consequence, coal assumes a position of first importance in the financial rehabilitation of the country, for the crying needs of France, Holland, Switzerland, Italy, and other countries will furnish an imme- diate market for all the surplus coal that Belgium can produce. Thus Holland alone is requesting 600,000 tons per month. The chief difficulty at the moment, however, is' not the mining of the coal, but its transportation, due not only to the crippled condition of the railroads but to the destruction of the canals. Many of the canals have been blown up, the locks broken, and canal boats sunk. The immediate problem, therefore, promises to be not so much the mining of the coal, but the clearing of the means of transporting the coal which has been mined. SWITZERLAND. Switzerland consumed in normal times about 3,000,000 tons of coal per year. Prior to the war five-sixths of this amount was imported from Germany, chiefly from the Euhr and the Garre districts, and the remaining one-sixth came almost entu-ely from France and Belgium. During the war she was compelled to depend almost entirely upon coal from German sources, and importations from France and England were obtainable only for plants engaged in making munitions for the Allies. During the first two years of the war there was no material reduction in her supply, but for the past two years she has been receiving only about two-tMrds of her normal supply. In consequence there is now an acute shortage. Stocks are very low and durmg the past month it has been necessary to cut down service upon the railroads on this account. Factories are in danger of shutting down. In May, 1918, Switzerland concluded under pressm'e an agreement with Germany upon very disadvanta- geous terms, by which Germany undertook to furnish 200,000 tons a month. Germany has, however, never delivered the entire amount, and recently deliveries have only been at the rate of 160,000 tons per month. 'More- over, the disturbed conditions attending the armistice have jeopardized even this amount, at a time when winter weather and the absence of reserve stocks render a steady delivery imperative. Not only are unsettled condi- tions in Germany apt to affect her ability to perform her agreement, but also a considerable portion of the field from which she formerly secured the coal is now in the possession of France. The French authorities have been approached upon this subject and have given assurances that Switzerland will continue to receive from the Alsace field the same proportionate deliveries that she was receiving under German control, to wit, 90 000 tons per month. In view of their low reserves it is but natural that the Swiss authorities view any cessation or even irregularity in these deliveries with grave apprehension, FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTEATOB. 105 The following table shows the amounts of coal and coke imported and consxmied by Switzerland during the years 1909 to 1918: Switzerland. [The figures are thousands of gross tons of 2,240 pounds, furnished hy Swiss Tariff, Trade Statistical Department, and include coal, coke, briquettes , and borei cole.] Imported from Ger- many. Imjported from France. Imported from Bel- gium. Imported from others. Total consump- tion Imported from Ger- many. Imported from France Imported from Bel- gium. Imported from others. Total consump- tion. 1909 2,194 2,160 2,428 2,574 2,799 392 337 386 317 320 235 211 203 185 144 74 79 70 63 62 2,895 2,787 3,087 3,139 3,325 1914 2,686 2,983 2,688 2,020 '1,749 199 12 9 28 172 91 247 389 167 '109 81 16 14 28 162 3,057 1910 1915 3,258 1911 1916 3,100 1912 1917 2,233 1913 1918 11,992 1 January to October, inclusive. HOLLAND. Prior to the war Holland's consumption of coal was approximately 9,000,000 tons per year. Of this amount 1,500,000 tons were of domestic production and the balance was imported. The domestic coal is of poor qualit_y and only suitable for house fuel. Of the imported coal, about 70 per cent came from Germany, 20 per cent from Great Britain, and 10 per cent from Belgium. After the beginning of the war imports steadily decreased, falling from 8,000,000 tons in 1913 to 2,600,000 tons in 1917. At the same time domestic production greatly increased, from 1,843,000 tons in 1913 to 2,971,000 tons in 1917. Before the war only one-third of the domestic production was consumed at home, but in 1916 and 1917 almost the entire domestic output remained in the country. Holland's coal mines are situated in the Province of Limburg and are operated in part by the Dutch Government and in part by private concerns. The produc- tion is increasing, and may in time become sufficient to supply the needs of the country. There is also a production of about 1,800,000 tons of lignite per annum, which has a fuel value one-third that of coal. Considerable peat has also been used, but this can scarcely be called a substitute for coal. In the fall of 1917 HoUand concluded an agreement with Germany, to run from October 1, 1917, to April 1, 1918, under which HoUand was to receive 300 tons per month, a part of the coal to come from Germany and part from Belgium. The price of the coal was 45 florins a ton, and Germany was granted a credit of 11,250,000 florins a month. The amount actually imported, however, never reached the specified tonnage. During 1917 Holland received from domestic production and from importations a total of 5,589,000 tons, as compared with a normal aimual consumption of about 9,000,000 tons. A shortage naturally resulted and household coal was rationed. Railway service was limited, and at times industries were compelled to shut down. According to the Dutch Government, HoUand requires a minimum of 350,000 tons a month, in addition to its domestic production, which is now estimated at 3,500,000 tons per year. The AUied Blockade CouncU has just approved the issuance of a license for the shipment to Holland of 100,000 tons of American coal. It is not" unlikely also that Holland wiU be able for a time at least to secure an increased supply from the Belgium mines. The f oUowing table shows Holland's imports and consumption : Holhnd. [The figures are thousands of gross tons of 2,240 pounds and include coal, colre, and briquettes.] Produc- tion. Im- ported from Eng- land. Im- ported from Ger- many. Im- ported from Bel- gium. Im- ported from others. Total proiuc- tion and imports. Exports to Ger- many, Bel- gium, France, Italy, and others. Con- sump- tion. Produc- tion. Im- ported from Eng- land. Im- ported from Ger- many. Im- ported from Bel- gium. Im- ported from others. Total produc- tion and imports. Exports to Ger- many, Bel- gium, France. Italy, and others. Con- sump- tion. 1909 1,103 1,271 1,453 1,697 1,843 2,305 2,189 2,118 2,118 1,998 6,622 7,766 8,910 10,089 11,704 563' 423 3.8-5 3)0 324 6 5 6 1 10,599 11,654 12,872 14, 2 :5 15,8j9 3,344 4,22o 4,975 5,402 6,040 7, 235 7,428 7,837 8,8i3 9,823 1914 1915 lOlfi 1917 1618 1,897 2,285 2,614 2,971 1,732 1,796 1,347 3S1 76 6,' 85 9,114 9,443 9,209 5,589 1910 5,421 6,248 2,237 1911 1912 1913 .... 106 FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTEATOR. Appended hereto are tables showing the coal production, imports, and consumption of various European countries. In many instances complete statistics are not available, and the figures given hereafter are derived largely from English sources. Statistics during the period of the war are especially incomplete and unreliable. Spain. The figures are thousands of gross tons of 2,240 pounds and include coal, coke, and briquettes.] Produc- tion. Im- ported from Eng- land. Im- ported from Ger- many. Im- ported from France. Im- ported from others. Total produc- tion and imports. Ex- ports. Con- sump- tion. Produc- tion. Im- ported from Eng- land. Im- ported from Ger- many. Im- ported from France. Im- ported from others. Total produc- tion and imports. Ex- ports. Con- sump- tion. 3,799 3,751 3,605 3,790 3,951 2,2.50 2,175 2,227 2,448 2,721 13 39 61 85 194 27 28 27 53 30 2.5 36 18 48 103 6,114 6,029 5,938 6,424 6,999 2 5 6 7 13 6,112 6,024 6,932 6,417 6,986 1914 3,2.59 2,255 2,141 836 465 1910 1915 1911 1916 1917 1913 1918 Sweden. [The figures are thousands of gross tons of 2,240 pounds and include coal, coke, and briquettes.] Produc- tion. Imports from Eng- land. Imports from Ger- many. Imports from others. Total produc- tion and Imports. Exports. Total con- sump- tion. Produc- tion. Imports from Ens- land. Imports from Ger- many. Imports from others. Total produc- tion and imports. Exports. Total con- sump- tion. 213 298 307 3.55 358 4,129 4,238 4,0m 4,312 4,837 104 109 116 322 402 38 34 59 63 49 4,514 4,679 4,526 5,052 6,616 1 1 1 5 2 4,513 4,678 4.625 ' 5, 0*7 5,6M 1914 4,533 2,749 1,674 622 1,010 1910 1915 1916 1912 1917 1918 Norway. [The figures are thousands of gross tons of 2,240 pounds and include coal, coke, and briquettes.] Imported from England. Imported from Germany. Imported from Hohand. Imported from others. Total. Exported to Sweden and others. Total con- sump- tion. Imported from England. Imported from Germany. Imported from Holland. Imported from others. Total. Exported Sweden and others. Total con- sump- tion. 1909 2,007 2,060 2,060 2,257 2,335 13 15 18 23 24 17 24 2i 34 27 25 25 60 121 56 2,062 2,124 2,152 2,435 2,442 38 52 68 78 90 2,021 2,072 2,094 2,357 2,352 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 2,660 2,824 2,653 1,192 1,311 1910 1911 1912 1913 Denmarh. [The figures are thousands of gross tons of 2,240 pounds and include coal, coke, and briquettes.) Imports from England. Imports from Germany. Imports from others. Total imports. Exports. Consump- tion. Imports from England. Imports from Germany Imports from others. Total imports. Exports. Con- sump- tion. 1909 3,050 2,818 2,888 2,964 3,102 118 145 162 302 231 13 21 29 68 34 3,181 2,984 3,079 3,324 3,370 310 311 266 9 61 2,871 2,673 2,813 3,315 3,309 1914 3,246 3,297 2,457 897 1,007 1910 1916 1911 1916 1912 1917 1913 1918 Portugal. [The figures are thousands of gross tons of 2.240 pounds and include coal, coke, and briquettes.] Imported from England. Imported from Germany. Imported from others. Imported from England. Imported from Germany. Imported from others. 1909 1,166 1,162 1,121 1,318 1,358 16 38 8 7 9 2 12 34 27 3 1914 1,068 926 803 254 141 1910 1915 1911 1916 1912 1917 1913 1918 FINAL BEPOET OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTEATOE. 107 GREAT BRITAIN. 8UPPLEMENTAET MEMOEANDUM. In view of the importance of Great Britain's coal supply it will perhaps be of service to cover in somew-hat greater detail than in the preceding memorandum the methods of supervision exercised during the war period. The Governmental agency through which this supervision was exercised was the Board of Trade, and much of the information which follows is derived from the official publications of that body. As previously poiated out, conditions in the coal industry called for some measure of attention very soon after the outbreak of the war, but owing to a desire to interfere as little as possible with the usual course of trade the measures taken were at first only partial in character and for the most part of a voluntary nature. The chief difficulties were a severe falling off in production and an uneven distribution. The chief causes were the recruiting of min ers for military service, excessive absenteeism among those who remained, labor troubles, and the congested state of transportation facilities. At the very beginning the first step in the process of supervision was exercised by the KaUway Depart- ment of the Board of Trade (in conjunction with the railway companies, which had been brought under govern- mental control as soon as the war began) , which took such measures as were necessary to expedite supplies to meet local shortages, particularly in the neighborhood of London. In the winter of 1914-15 it became clear that some more general action was necessary and pressure was brought to bear upon the collieries to insure continuity of supplies to essential industries. A Coal Exports Committee was appointed by the president of the Board of Trade in May, 1915, to insure the proper restriction of exports and thereby increase the amount available for local consumption. In order to remedy defects in local distribution, distribution committees were set up in the winter of 1915-16, whose duty it was to arrange for the most economical and speedy system of distribution and in particular to insure adequate supplies for war industries. These district Coal and Coke Supplies Committees were appointed in the different colliery districts upon the nomination of the local Coal Owners' Associations. A central committee, called the Central Coal and Coke Supplies Committee, was also appointed to consider questions of general pohcy, and consisted of representatives of the Board of Trade, the Admiralty, the Home Office, the Ministry of Munitions, the Railway Executive Committee, the coal mining industry, and the coal trade. At first these committees were upon a voluntary basis, but the inevitable interference with contracts and other similar comphcations eventually rendered necessary the establishment of the system upon a com- pulsory basis. The first step in the direction of actual governmental control was a regulation made under the Defense of the Realm Act granting to certain departments of the Government power to direct priority in the dehvery of coal and coke. This power was for a time delegated to the joint secretaries of the Central Coal and Coke SuppHes Committee. Meantime, in February, 1915, the Home Office had appointed a Coal Mining Organization Committee, con- sisting of representatives of coal owners and miners "to inquire into the conditions prevailing in the coal- mining industry with a view to promoting such organization of work and such cooperation between employers and workmen as, having regard to the large numbers of miners who are enlisting for naval and military service, will secure the necessary production of coal dm-ing the war." In order to seciu'e some measure of coordination between these various committees appointed by the Board of Trade and the Home Office, Lord Milner acted for some months, up to September, 1916, as Government supervisor of the supply and distribution of coal, serving as chairman of a select conmiittee of four members, the other three being the respective chairmen of the Coal Mining Organization Committee, the Coal Exports Committee, and the Central Coal and Coke Sup- pHes Committee. However, labor troubles in the coal fields of South Wales brought matters to a head, and on November 29, 1916, a regulation was made under the Defense of the Realm Act giving the Board of Trade power to take pos- session of any coal mines where it appeared to them "expedient for securing the public safety and the defense of the Realm." Under this regulation, possession was at once taken of the South Wales coal fields as of De- cember 1, 1916, and a committee containing representatives of the Board of Trade, the Home Office, and the Admiralty was appointed to advise the president of the Board of Trade with respect to the carrying out of the order. This action very shortly precipitated control of all coal mines of the Kingdom. On February 22, 1917, the Board of Trade issued an order taking possession of aU coal mines as of March 1, 1917, and Mr. (later Sir) Guy Calthrop, general manager of the London & North- Western Railway, was designated as Controller of Coal Mines. An advisory board, made up of representatives of coal owners and coal miners, was appointed to as- sist him. The Controller of Coal Mines was given broad powers, enabling him to control the production, dis- tribution, price, and consumption of coal. 108 FINAL KEPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTKATOK. COAL-MINES DEPARTMENT. The Controller of Coal Mines has, since his appointment, built up an extensive organization, which has its principal offices in the Holborn Viaduct Hotel, London. The secretary is Mr. W. A. Lee, who is in constant touch with the work of all departments. The principal departments are as foUows: Production Branch, in charge of Sir Eichard Eedmayne, which is concerned with labor supply and regula- tion, materials and priorities, closing and opening of mines, and development work, recruiting of miners, etc. Supplies Branch, which is chiefly concerned with transportation and the zoning system. Household Fuel and Lighting Branch, which administers the rationing system. Finance Branch, in charge of Mr. A. Lowes Dickinson. Publicity Branch, in charge of Mr. C. W. Sandeman, which handles all publicity other than advertising. Advertising Branch, in charge of Mr. L. PI. Hartland-Swan. Submitted with this memorandum are statements ' prepared by the heads of these various departments, outlining the nature of the work performed. PRICE FIXING. The first step in the fixing of coal prices was the passage in July, 1915, of the Price of Coal (limitation) Act. This legislation followed an investigation by a committee on the high prices of coal in London during the winter of 1915. The Price of Coal (limitation) Act provided that the price of coal at the pit's mouth must not exceed by more than 4 shillings a ton (or such other amount as the Board of Trade might order) , the price of coal of the same description sold in similar quantities under similar conditions during the winter months ending June 30, 1914. The act further empowered the Board of Trade to increase the amount of 4 shillings as might be necessary from time to time to meet increasing costs, and several such increases have been made, notably in connection with the granting of the "war wage" to the miners. The total increase amounts at the present time to 13 shillings for mines in South Wales, Monmouth, the Forest of Dean, and South Staffordshire, and 10 shillings 6 pence for mines thi-oughout the remainder of the country. The prices dharged by wholesale merchants and jobbers and by retail dealers were at first unregulated by statute, but were limited for a time by voluntary agreements with the London coal merchants, the suggestion being made to local authorities elsewhere throughout the country that they might make similar arrangements with their local dealers. Eventually, however, the Wholesale Coal Prices Order was issued on September 5, 1917, which provided that the price at which coal might be sold by wholesale merchants or jobbers should not exceed the price at the pit mouth, plus the actual cost of transport by more than the following amounts : Per ton. Coal puTchased for railway companies 3,1 Coal purchased for national factories g(j_ Coal purchased for gas and electric light plants g(j Coal sold to retail merchants for resale by them la. All other coal ." Is. 3d. If more than one wholesale merchant or jobber is concerned in the sale, only one commission may be charged. (For further details see Wholesale Coal Prices Order, Defense of Realm Manual, p. 196.) The Retail Coal Prices Order was issued September 11, 1917. It provided in general that maximum retail prices in general should be fixed and published by specified local authorities, and in particular that the price of coal sold by road vehicle from a depot wharf or siding in lots of one ton or over should not exceed by more than 1 shilling per ton the price of the coal delivered at the depot, wharf, or siding. (For further details, see Retail Coal Prices Order, Defense of Realm Manual, p. 199.) The control of retail prices is now administered as part of the rationing scheme, and prices are fixed by the local Fuel and Lighting Committee with the approval of the Con- troller. The provisions now in effect will be found in Part IX of the Household Fuel and Lighting Order of 1918. COAL-MINES CONTROL AGREEMENT. It should be borne in mind that the Government in assuming control of the coal industry did not undertake to operate the mines, but left the operation in the hands of the owners, subject to Government regulation. The general subject of control and compensation was determined by an agreement entered into after long negotiation between the owners and the Controller of Coal Mines and subsequently embodied in an act of Parliament known as Coal Mines Control Agreement (Confirmation) Act, passed February 8, 1918. For the purpose of compensation, the Controller takes as a standard the profit and the output in the prewar period which was adopted for excess profits only under the Finance Act of 1915 (i. e., the average of the best two out of the three years before the war or the best four out of six) . The prewar output is adopted as the standard output and the prewar profit as the standard profit. If the prewar output is maintained, the colliery is guar- > Delivered to the President at Paris, PINAL EEPOET OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOB. 109 anteed the standard profit whether that profit is actually made or not. If the profits actually fall below the amount of the standard profit, the difference is to be made good by the Controller. If the output falls below the standard output, the profit allowed to the colliery is reduced although not in the exact proportion of the decrease in output. With respect to any profits in excess of the prewar standard, the Government collects substantially 95 per cent in taxes. The colliery is allowed £200 plus 5 per cent. Of the remaining 95 per cent, 80 per cent is collected by the Inland Revenue as excess profits duty and 15 per cent is retained by the Controller of Coal Mines as a fund out of which to pay compensation to collieries that fail to maintain their prewar standard of profit as weU as the administration expenses of his department. This latter fund of 15 per cent is known as coal mines excess payments. It will be interesting to observe how this latter feature will work out. It was stated that at the time the act was passed. Parliament had been assured that ample allowance had been made to cover any payments which might become necessary to collieries which failed to maintain their prewar standard of profits. No figures were available, but it was rumored that the fund gave promise of a very considerable deficit. Provision is made in the act for the closing down of mines and for the payment of the cost of maintaining and reinstating operations of this character by a levy upon the remaining operations in the district. A copy' of the act and a pamphlet describing its method of operation are submitted with this memorandum. ZONING SYSTEM. In the earher days of the coal control, the chief difficulty was one of transportation and it was realized that some means must be devised of relieving the overtaxed railroads and thereby of assisting the free transit of coal. Accordingly, after considerable study, the general principle was laid down that consumers must obtain their supplies from the coal field nearest to their localities. Great Britain was divided into 20 areas or zones, 18 of which were coal producing. Maps' showing the arrangement of these zones are submitted with this memoran- dum. Statistics were compiled showing, area by area, the total production and the total consumption of rail- borne coal. The plan provided — (1) That an area which produced sufficient coal for its own use should not import from other areas; (2) That an area which did not produce any coal or which produced a portion only of its consump- tion needs, should import coal from the nearest area having a surplus; (3) That an area with a surplus should export to the nearest area with a deficit. The plan was made effective by the Coal Transport Order under the Defense of the Eealm Regulations on July 4, 1917. (See Defense of Realm Manual, p. 218.) The Coal Controller immediately undertook, on the one hand, to bring consumers who had lost their usual source of supply into contact with collieries that had been deprived of their usual customers, and on the other to provide outlets for rail-borne coal for collieries whose market had been cut off. This work was directed from headquarters through the District Coal and Coke Supplies Committees, the members of which were connected with the coal trade and well acquainted with local conditions and requirements. In each instance, -however, the local representative of the Coal Controller who directed this work was not a coal man; in many instances they were men borrowed from the railroads, who might have had coal experience. A corps of engineers was maintained whose services were constantly at the disposal of consumers for the pm-pose of instructing the latter in the use of coals to which they were not accustomed. In proper cases excep- tions were made to allow the shipment of special qualities of coal absolutely essential for special purposes. When the scheme was inaugurated it was claimed that it would result in a saving of 700,000,000 ton-miles annually. It is now stated that this result has been achieved. It is, moreover, asserted that but for this saving the railways would not have been able to meet the increased demands enforced upon their facilities by the submarine menace. EXPORT AND BUNKER TRADE. Perhaps the most interesting feature of Great Britain's coal industry is its export trade. Coal constitutes the major portion of the exports of the country. As previously stated, in the early months of the war exports of coal fell off materially, largely owing to scarcity of shipping. Furthermore, the Government early took com- plete control of the export trade by a system of compulsory licensing exercised through the Coal Exports Com- mittee. By this means the Government was enabled to^control not only the amount exported, but the price of sale and even the individual consumer to whom the coal was destined. Thus coal became a very effective weapon in the conduct of the war, not only in assisting Allies, but in exacting favorable terms with neutrals as well as securing much needed materials, supplies, and shipping. Submitted with this memorandum is a statement' of the Coal Exports Committee describing its functions and methods of operation. I Delivered to the President at Paris. 110 FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATOR, EATIONINa. Rationing of coal was first tried in London in the winter of 1917, under the provision of the Household Coal Distribution Order issued by the Board of Trade under the Defense of the Realm Regulations in August, 1917. The plan applied only to London and was somewhat incomplete in its provisions, but worked reasonably well, aided by increased supplies of coal to the metropohtan district. Outside of London, distribution continued to be handled without the compelling force of any special orders through local committees. In the summer of 1918 this system was supplanted by the Household Fuel and Lighting Order of 1918, which is a much more elaborate and complicated document and is applicable to the entire country. The allow- ance of fuel for dwelling houses is based upon the number of rooms occupied, and provision is made for the sub- stitution of equivalent amounts of gas or electricity. The English are convinced that rationing upon the basis of rooms is much more satisfactory than upon the per capita system adopted in France. The Household Fuel and Lighting Order of 1918 is exceedingly elaborate and covers many pages, with detailed provisions for its operation and enforcement. The announced purpose is to save 8,000,000 tons out of a normal household consumption of 40,000,000 tons a year. It has actually come into operation only during the past two months and it is as yet too early to estimate results with any accuracy. It can be said, however, that while the measure is not especially popular the English people in general appear to be complying with the provi- sions with admirable determination and spirit. Mention should be made in this connection, also, of the able and intelligent publicity campaign conducted throughout the fall of 1918 by the Publicity Department of the Con- troller's Office, which prepared the public mind for the necessity of introducing a rationing system. OTHER ACTIVrriES. The Controller and his organization have been concerned from time to time with various matters in addition to those enumerated above. There has been throughout the war a continuing shortage in pit timber which has been a cause for much apprehension, particularly in view of the shortage of bottoms for its importation. For this reason and also in order to conserve labor it has been found necessary to limit to the lowest point develop- ment and new construction. On the other hand, in the early part of the war, on account of the sudden falling off in the export trade, there were times when there was a surplus of labor in certain exporting districts, and it was necessary to formulate plans for the mobilization of this labor and the transfer of some miners to districts where the demand exceeded the supply. Labor troubles have required constant and continuing attention, and there is no little unrest at the present time. Miners are being brought back from the front in increasing numbers and in advance of other trades in order to reduce as rapidly as may be possible the existing shortage. The Enghsh authorities assert that they do not anticipate any serious difficulty, but the labor situation is, to say the least, uncertain. It is impossible to treat of all the matters concerned in a memorandum of this length. Submitted here- with, however, is a set* of the various orders and publications issued by the Controller of Coal Mines or by the Board of Trade in his behalf. In addition, the co mm ission has collected a very considerable amount of miscel- laneous material and information, which is available for inspection. The following table shows a comparison of the maximum and minimum freight rates between the United States and Great Britain, respectively, and Italian and South American ports, during the years 1913 to 1917, so far as the figures are obtainable: TO GENOA. 1917 a 1916 a 1915 1914 1913 High. Low. High. Low, High. Low. High. Low. High. Low. 140/- 100/- 100/6 100/- 69/6 64/6 90/- 66/- 67/- 35/- 16/- 23/- 30/- 18/- 22/6 9/- 6/- 6/9 18/fi 12/3 11/6 Cardiff "'; Tyne W V- TO RIO. United States. Cardiff $28 $24i 95/- 78/- 50/- 32/6 40/9 42/6 34/- 21/- 18/3 12/3 11/9 21/- 19/6 15/3 14/- TO EIVER PLATTE. United States. CarditE Tyne J28 130/- $17 70/- 105/- 77/6 63/9 47/- 30/- 35/- 52/6 45/- 37/6 31/- 18/6 21/- 27/- 20/- 20/- Approved 257 Discontinued oper- ations. ?.W Hawk Snow Fork Junction. Nelsonville... Radcllf Roan No.l do Silly H.V 60 100 100 50 Pick P. S. S.... Machine. . do.... No.4 No.6 do No.4 3 3 3 3 11 8 8 10 43 70 64 41 259 do do do do 260 do 261 Poor preparation Do. 1 Mo record. FINAL REPOKT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTEATOK. 129 Statement of tipple mines operating in Ohio district, No. 7, Hocking field, shovnng name, railroad, location, rating, eic— Continued. Operator. Location. Mine. Railroad. Rating in tons. Method of mining. Num- ber of in- spec- tions. Coal seam mined. Measurements of coal seams. Faults in preparation shown by inspec- tor's reports. No. Num- ber of part- ings. Dirt. Clean coal. ProbablUtythat coal can be cleaned. 7f\?^ Taylor &Nealson.. ToUiTer & Bell Shawnee Kimberly Primley No.l Z. W 50 100 150 76 300 P.S.S.... Pick Machine. . Pick Machine. . 1 1 1 1 1 No. 6 do do do No.8 3 3 3 2 2 In. 11 8 8 7 4 In. 69 84 52 65 48 Condemned bone Approved Can be cleaned. •'(i? ?fi4 do do 265 266 Hisylvania Coal Co. Hocking Domestic Coal Co. Total Trimble Floodwood. . . No. 23 No. 5 do do do do Do. 61,423 376 Estimated coal production, tipple mines, Hocking field. Tons. Total tons run-of-mlne coal, tipple mines, per day 49, 138 Total tons nm-of-mine coal, tipple mines, per week 245, 692 Total tons nin-ol-mine coal, tipple mines, per year 12, 775, 880 InspeUions, tipple mines, Hocking field. Mines. Total number of mines Inspected once only 86 Total number of mines inspected more than once 100 Total number of mines not Inspected at all -. SO Total number of mines, Hooking field 266 Coal seams mined in Hocking field as shown bythe inspector's reports. No. 4 seam — ^2 mines: Average thickness dirt, 10.5 inches. Average thickness clean coal, 42 Inches. No. 6 seam— 147 mines: Average thickness dirt, 9.5 inches. Average thickness clean coal, 57.1 inches. No. 7 seam— 19 mines: Average thickness dirt, 5 inches. Average thickness clean coal, 60.4 inches. No. 8 seam — 4 mines: Average thickness dirt, 11.5 Inches. Average thickness clean coal, 68.6 inches. No records on 94 mines. Note. — Coal production, tipple mines, Ohio District, No. 7. — We have assumed that the tipple mines in aU of the fields of Ohio District, No. 7, have produced about 80 oer cent of their rated capacities during the United States Fuel Administration's control of the coal mines, and that these mines have worked at the rate of about 260 days per year. We have used the basis of computing the approidmate production of the tipple mines for each of the several coal fields composing the Ohio District, No. 7. Statement of tipple mines operating in Ohio District No. 7, Crooksville field, showing name, railroad, location, rating, method of mining, coal seam, inspections, etc. [Taken from W. D. McKinney's ofiice records as of Nov. 1, 1919, by F. A. Ray.] 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Operator. Burton-T ownsend Co. Bertram Coal Co... Claycraft Mng. & Brick Co. Cols. Ry. Power & Light Co; Carrington Coal Co. do C. & H. Coal Co. Cascade Coal Co. . . Donehor Coal Co . . Elk Coal Co ....do .do.. English Hill Coal Co. Fairbante Coal Co. . FalkCoalCo.. W. A. Qosline. Grace Coal Mining Co. Harris Brick Co Keeton & Gremer.. Lancaster Coal Co . . LexiCoalCo J. A. MoGarvey. ....do C. O. Milligan. .do. Location. Darlington. Romine Shawnee Romine Carrington.. ....do Hemlock. . Buckeyes. McLuney. Romine Buckingham. New Lexing- ton. Caimelville... Romine. New Lexing- ton. Lexington... Garret Sta- tion. Cannelville.. McLuney.. - do.. Mine. Monitor Berlosem.. Claycraft. . Colimabus. Hudington Ca.scade . . . Eagle No.l No. 2 No. 3. Fair Oaks. No. 230.... Bear Run. Grace. Elk Lancaster. Lexi... Garret. Red Bud.. Mullen & Brown . . . Crooksville. . . New York Coal Co.. Tropic I 122600—21 9 No. 2 No. 3 Mullen No. 2. No. 51 Railroad. Pa do... Z. W Pa Z. W do... do... Pa. ..do. -do. .do.. do.. Z.W... Pa. Z.W. Pa... Z.W. Pa. do ....do T. & O. C. B. &0.... Z.W. Pa. .do... ....do... Z.W. Rat- ing in tons per day. 650 500 310 300 99 90 60 50 125 350 100 SO 55 260 400 195 150 100 75 50 180 50 100 50 Method of mining. Machine . . S t e am shovel. Machine. . S t e am shovel. Machine. . do.... P., shot offS do.... Machine. . P., shot off P., shot off S. Machine. . ..do P., shot off S. P..shotofl S. S. S., solid shot. P.S.S.... Machine. . P., shot off S. ...do ...do Machine. . ..do Num- ber of spec- tions. Coal seam mined. No 3 strip- ping. No. 6 No. 7... No. 6... do. No. 6... do. No. 6. .do.. No. No. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. .do.. Measurements of coal seams. Num- ber of part- ings. (■) 3 3 ..... Dirt. Clean coal. In. 42 39 O 36 37 39 36 Faults in preparation shown by inspector's reports. Preparation approved Building tipnle; will approve. Approved Condemned slate and dirt. Condemned dirt do... No record. Condemned Fairly well cleaned... Approved. Approved. do do -do- Approved. do Preparation poor. . Approved .do.. Condemned crop . Approved do .do.. Probability that coal can be cleaned. Can be cleaned. Do. Do. Difficult clean. Do. Do. Do. Can be cleaned. Do. Do. Difficult to clean. Can be cleaned ■ Do. Difficult to clean. Do. Do. Do. Do. Can be cleaned. Do. So, 130 FINAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES PXJEL, ADMINISTRATOR. Statement of tipple mines operating in Ohio district, No. 7, Crooksville field, showing name, railroad, location, rating, method of mining coal seam, inspections, etc. — Continued. Operator. Location. Mine. Railroad. Pa... Rating in tons per day. Method of mining. Num- ber ol in- spec- tions Coal seam mined. Measurements ol coal seams. Faults in preparation shown by inspec- tor's reports. No. Num ber ol part- ings. Dirt Cleai coal. Probability that coal can be cleaned. ?8 Ohio Consolidated Coal Co. Pan American Coal Co. do New Lexing- ton. Wilburn... No. 11 No. 41 100 635 370 200 390 170 450 70 200 90 780 555 1,195 200 300 275 70 160 315 255 250 750 175 75 35 100 Machine.. 4 No.6 2 In. 3 In. ,36 Approved Difficult to 29 Z. W clean. 30 do.... ■M RosevilleCoalCo... RedfieldCoalCo.... R.E.Sasjle Roseville Redfleld Crooks^411e. . . do New Cres- cent. No.l WUson Pa P., shot off S. Machine. . ...do ...do 1 1 1 1 No. 6 No. 5 1 2 46 48 40 44 Approved. . Can be cleaned .32 Z.W do do Do. .3.3 do No.6 do 2 3 3 10 Do. .34 Standard Hocldne Coal Co. StatonCoal Co Rends Pa do Do. 3.5 Z. W 3fi Snell & Shoemaker. Southern Perry Coal Co. Sunday Creek Co . . . do Tropic MlninKCo... Thorn Hill Coal Co. W. A. Werner Wheeler & Mason. . White Oak Coal Co. do Crooksville... McCuneville . San Toy do Tropic McCuneville . Romine Saltilo McCuneville . do Shoemaker. S u t hern Perry. No. 401 No. 402 Tropic Thorn iEll. Romine Saltilo White Oak. Pa Machine. . ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do P., shot off S. Machine... ...do 1 5 1 1 1 5 1 2 5 No.6 do do do do 3 2 1 1 1 4 1 2 3 m 10 3 1 1 1 15 3 3 12 42 39 42 42 39 36 69 37 52 Do, 37 38 39 40 B.&O do do Z.W do Condemned bone coal do Do. Do. Do. Do. 41 B.&O Pa. do do do.... 42 No. 7 No.6 do clean. 43 Z.W Difficult to 44 4.1 B.&O Z. W do clean. Do. 40 Western Pennsyl- vania Coal Co. ZanesvUleCoalCo.. do do D.E. Allen do.... 47 Crooksville. . . do McLuney (Jrooksville. . . Darlington... Shawnee McCuneville . No. 5 No. 3 No. 6 Allen do Pa Machine. . ...do ...do ...do P..S.S ..do Machine. . 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 No.6 do do do ....do ....do ....do 2 1 1 o 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 10 3 39 34 37 42 39 92 38 Do. 4R do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Do 49 .■iO do do Do. 51 52 Burton & MlUer Coal Co. Joseph Coal Co Red Circle Coal Co.. Total Suniside XX No. 2.. Red Circle. do Z. W. Difficult to clean. Can be cleaned. Difficult to clear . S3 B. & 17.93,5 82 1 1 No record. Estimated coal production, tipple mines, Crooksville field. Tons. rotai tons run-of-mine coal, tipple mines, pei" day 14, 34S Total tons run-of-mine coal, tipple mines, per week 71 , 740 Total tons nm-of-mine coal, tipple mines, per year 3, 730, 480 Inspections, tipple mines, Crooksville field. Total number of mines inspected once only Total number of mines inspected more than once . Total number of mines not inspected at all Mines. .... 26 . . . . IS Total number of tipple mines, Crooksville field . Coal seams mined in Croolisville field, as shown by the inspectors' reports. No. 5 seam — 1 mine: Average thickness dirt, inches. Average thickness clean coal, 48 inches. No. t) seam— 37 mines: Average thickness dirt, 6.8 inches. Average thickness clean coal, 42.8 inches. No. 7 seam— 5 mines: Average thickness dirt, 3 inches. Average thickness clean coal, 69 inches. No reports on 10 mines. Statement of tipple mines operating in Ohio District, No. 7, Jackson and Ir'onton field, skovnng name, railroad, location^ rating, method of mining, coal seams, inspections, etc. [Taken from W. D. McKinney's office records as of Nov. 1, 1918, by F. A. Ray.] Operator. Location. Mine. Railroad. RaU- road rating in tons per day. Method of mining. Num- ber of in- spec- tions. Coal seam mined. Measurements of coal seams. Faults in preparation shown by inspector's report. No. Num- ber of part- ings. Dirt. Clean coal. Probability coal can be cleaned. 1 Armstrong Coal Co. . . D.T.&I.... do 110 75 40 50 50 135 25 70 30 30 200 30 250 85 In. In. ?, Bachrach Coal Co P., shot off S. do 3 Charles Booth Jackson, Ohio Booth do 1 No.l . 1 5 48 Contains removable' dirt. Can be cleaned. 4 C. H. &D.... B.&O C. H. &D.... D.T.&I.... do 5 Robert H.BaU 6 Coalton Fuel Co 7 Chapman Coal Co Chapman... Grace 8 do 9 Coalton Coal Co Diamond Coal Co Wellston, Ohio. Rhodes do Hand strip. . . 2 No. 5. m (') (') Do. in do 11 Dorm tic Coal Co do_ 12 Dewlu Coal Co do 13 Elk Fork Coal Co No. 2 do 14 15 16 T.J. Evans Coal Co.. C. H. &D.... Jacob Exline D.T.&I.... 10 FINAL BEPOKT OF THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTKATOK. 131 StaUment of tipple mines operating in Ohio district, No. 7, Jackson and Ironton field, showing name, railroad, location, rating, method of mining, coal seams, inspections, etc. — Continued. Mine. Railroad. Rail- road ratine In tons per day. Method of mininf!. Niini- bin- olin- spec- tion