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SIM, PETlEffi CAlREir. 
 
 Jx^m,/:^,: , ^U/-u,:i/,' &(5'^<3<S'?2^<«^, /A-i'y/z^./fe/ ^&i>'/.?t' 
 
THE 
 
 LIFE AND TIMES 
 
 OF 
 
 W tFtFP daPFtD, tK 
 
 (From the Original Manufcript,) 
 
 WITH A HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION AND ELUCIDATORY 
 
 NOTES, 
 
 By JOHN MACLEAN, Es(^, F.S.A., 
 
 Member of the Archaological Injiitute of Great Britain and Ireland, &c., &c., 
 Sf Keeper of the Records of Her Majejiy's Ordnance in the toiuer of London. 
 
 LON DON : 
 
 BELL & DALDY, i86, FLEET STREET, 
 
 1857. 
 
 Jv» 
 
A 
 
 .V^i%5^l 
 
 LONDOlf : 
 
 PEINTED BT HARRISON AND SONS 
 
 ST. MARTIN'S LATJE, W.O 
 
W. H. POLE CAEEW, OF ANTONY, ESQUIRE, 
 
 THIS MEMORIAL 
 
 OF HIS DISTINGHTISHED ANCESTOB, 
 
 SIR PETER OAEEW, 
 
 IS BY PEEMISSION, 
 
 DEDICATED. 
 
 March, 1857. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 While making some researches among the 
 valuable MSS. preserved in the Library of Lam- 
 beth Palace, in connexion with a larger work 
 which the Editor of the following pages is pre- 
 paring for the press, his attention was attracted 
 by a MS. Life of Sir Peter Carew, in the hand- 
 writing of John Vowell, alias Hooker, of Exeter. 
 
 Of the inner, or home, life of an English 
 gentleman of the era of Sir Peter Carew, but 
 scanty illustrations have been left by contem- 
 porary writers. Any document, therefore, of 
 undoubted authenticity, bringing before us the 
 motives and feelings, the passions and prejudices 
 of those days can hardly fail to engage our at- 
 tention. The subject of this Memoir, moreover, 
 was no common man. A younger son of one of 
 the most eminent families of the kingdom, with 
 a very imperfect education in youth, and, through 
 the mistaken severity of his father, " coupled to a 
 hound," he became a witness of, and actor in, 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 some of the most remarkable and stirring scenes 
 in tte great drama of that age ; and had he lived 
 but a short time longer, he would, in all proba- 
 bility, by his discretion and energy of character, 
 have recovered the princely possessions of his 
 ancestors. 
 
 Besides the insight the MS. gives into the 
 manners and customs of the times, it throws con- 
 siderable light upon several dark passages of 
 History, and seemed to the Editor to possess so 
 much general interest, that he was induced to 
 request the permission of the Archbishop of 
 Canterbury to publish it, and to this His Grace 
 kindly assented. 
 
 When nearly ready for the press, however, it 
 was brought under the Editor's notice, that some 
 years ago it had been communicated to the Society 
 of Antiquaries by Sir Thomas Phillipps, and pub- 
 lished in the Archseologia. But having collected 
 a great number of valuable Original State Papers, 
 and" other documents, which illustrate not only the 
 Memoir itself, but also the history of the period, 
 the Editor, notwithstanding the publication above 
 referred to, ventures to lay the whole before the 
 general reader in a more popular form, in the 
 hope that Papers, in which he has felt so much 
 interest, will meet with the indulgent favour of 
 the public. He has also added copious biogra- 
 phical notices of the principal persons who took 
 
PREFACE. V 
 
 part in the various events, and, to enable the 
 reader the more fully to understand the narrative, 
 and identify the incidents with the general history 
 of Europe, has prefixed a historical summary of 
 the transactions of the period. 
 
 It only remains to say a few words respecting 
 the author of the Memoir. 
 
 John Hooker was descended from a family of 
 some consideration in the County of Devon. His 
 grandfather, John Hooker, was Mayor of Exeter 
 in 1490, and his father filled the same office 
 in 1529. The latter took as his third wife Agnes, 
 daughter of John Doble, of Woodbridge, in the 
 County of Suffolk, by whom he left two surviving 
 sons, the writer of this narrative, and Roger 
 Hooker, the father of that learned and holy 
 Divine, Mr. Richard Hooker, the author of the 
 Ecclesiastical Polity. 
 
 John Hooker was born about the year 1 524, and 
 his father dying when he was about ten years of 
 age, he was left in the charge of Dr. Moreman, Vicar 
 of Menheniot, in the County of Cornwall, and 
 afterwards Dean of Exeter,' by whom he was care- 
 fully educated. He was entered at Corpus Christi 
 College, Oxford, but whether or not he obtained a 
 degree is uncertain, as the registers for that period 
 are very imperfect. Having completed his studies 
 
 ' See note p. 1, 159. 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 at Oxford, he passed some time in foreign travel, 
 and, on returning to his native city, married 
 Martha, daughter of Eobert Tooker of that place, 
 by whom he had issue one son, Eobert. He 
 married, secondly, Anstice, daughter of Edward 
 Bridgeman, by whom he had issue three sons, 
 Thomas, Toby, and Zachery. En the year 1555, 
 he was elected Chamberlain of the City of Exeter, 
 being the first person who held that office ; and 
 in 1561 was returned as one of the representatives 
 of that city in Parliament. 
 
 Hooker was an eminent antiquary and his- 
 torian, and is well spoken of by Bishop Godwin, 
 in his "De Prsesulibus Angliae;" by Camden, in his 
 " Britannia ;" and by Carew, in his " Survey of 
 Cornwall." He was the author of various published 
 works of great merit; among others, of the sta- 
 tutes of Ireland, and the order of keeping a 
 Parliament in Ireland ; the Annals of Ireland, 
 published in Holinshed's Chronicles ; and the 
 Catalogue of the Bishops of Exeter, continued to 
 his own time. He also wrote a Synopsis Ohoro- 
 graphical, or a Historical Eecord of the County of 
 Devon. Prince remarks that " this book was never 
 printed, but goes up and down the country in MS. 
 from hand to hand ;" and that upon the author's 
 death, it was put into the hands of Sir John 
 Dodderidge, Justice of the King's Bench, a man 
 eminent for his antiquarian knowledge, to cor- 
 
PREFACE. VU 
 
 rect and prepare for the press. Prince adds, that 
 he had " seen a copy thereof in the possession of 
 John Eastchurchj of Wood, Gent., wherein that 
 great lawyer had marked many things which he 
 thought fit to be expunged." 
 
 In the possession of the Town Council of Exe- 
 ter, are two large, thick MS. folio volumes, which 
 contain a vast amount of local antiquarian informa- 
 tion, chiefly relating to the Haven of Exe, and 
 the City of Exeter ; one is entirely in his own 
 handwriting, and the other partly so. There is 
 also another MS., entitled, "an Abstracte of all the 
 Orders & Ordynances extant, made, enacted, & 
 ordayned by the Maiors & Oomon Oounsell of the 
 Oitie of Excester, for the tyme beinge, for the 
 good government of the saide Oitie & Oomon- 
 welthe of the same." 
 
 It was to the kindness of our author that his 
 more famous nephew was indebted for a better 
 education than his parents could have afforded. He 
 afterwards introduced him to the notice of Bishop 
 Jewell, with whom he had contracted a friendship, 
 and that Prelate, in 1367, procured for the young 
 man a Clerkship in Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 
 and granted him a pension to assist in his sup- 
 port; which, with a contribution from his uncle, 
 afforded him a comfortable maintenance. Thus 
 was Hooker the means of giving to the Nation 
 
VUl PREFACE. 
 
 and Church of England one of the greatest cham- 
 pions of the faith and ornaments of Hterature. 
 
 Mr. Hooker died in November, 1601, and, 
 according to Prince, was buried in the Cathedral 
 of Exeter, " as appeared from a ring with his seal 
 of arms not long since digged out of his grave,'' 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The period during which Sir Peter Carew lived is 
 not surpassed in importance and interest by any 
 in English history. During the century preceding 
 his era the nation was convulsed, from one extre- 
 mity to the other, by the wars of the Roses. 
 Members of the same household ranged them- 
 selves under the rival banners ; fathers, sons, and 
 brothers, contending against each other in deadly 
 conflict. The natural result was a complete stagna- 
 tion in the civilization and moral progress of our 
 country. With the accession of King Henry VII, 
 however, the national tranquillity was, in some 
 measure, restored. That politic prince, conscious 
 of the defectiveness of his title to the crown, and 
 constantly harassed by fears of deposition, adopted 
 various expedients for repressing the power of the 
 few ancient nobles who had survived the calamities 
 of the preceding age, and for advancing churchmen, 
 lawyers, and men of new families, whom he found 
 more subservient to his will. These measures, in 
 
11 
 
 RELATIONS OF ITALY. [1499. 
 
 conjunction with the progress of maritime dis- 
 covery, and the encouragement given to commerce, 
 produced vast changes in the social condition of 
 the country, terminating, as it were, the epoch 
 known as the Middle Ages, and inaugurating that 
 of modern times. 
 
 During the reigns of Henry's successors of the 
 house of Tudor these influences, although subject 
 to occasional checks and interruptions, continued 
 in operation ; giving rise to a spirit which has 
 advanced with giant strides, and of which we are 
 still unable to foresee the fiirther development and 
 possible result. 
 
 For a long period, previously to the accession of 
 King Henry VIII, Italy had been the centre of all 
 the wars and negotiations of the princes of Europe. 
 Louis XII of France inherited from his grand- 
 mother, Valentina, a title to the Duchy of Milan, 
 and, in the year 1499, with the assistance of the 
 pope, Ferdinand, king of Spain, and the Republic 
 of Venice, he expelled Louis Sforza, and obtained 
 possession of it. At this time he was the only 
 great prince holding territories in Italy, and could, 
 consequently, exercise a considerable influence in 
 the affairs of the Peninsula. Not content, how- 
 ever, with this, he determined to attack Naples, to 
 which kingdom he made claim as the representa- 
 tive of the amiable, but feeble, Rene, the last 
 sovereign of that country of the house of Anjou. 
 Ferdinand of Spain had entered into an arrange- 
 
L509.] THE LEAGUE OF CAMBRAY. iii 
 
 ment with Frederick, the NeapoHtan monarch, 
 for dividing the kingdom between them. Louis 
 resolved to cheat them both, and induced Ferdi- 
 nand, perfidiously, to abandon Frederick and join 
 him in his own designs, upon the understanding 
 that he should share in the fruits of the conquest. 
 Without the support of Spain Frederick could 
 offer no effectual resistance, and was obliged to 
 submit to the invader. He was carried into France, 
 and was afterwards supported by a pension from 
 the French monarch. 
 
 The two kings could not agree, however, as to 
 the division of the spoil, and soon came to blows. 
 The French at first gained some advantages in the 
 contest, but, by the brave conduct of the Spanish 
 general Gonsalvo de Cordova, were finally expelled 
 from the kingdom. Naples was subsequently 
 ceded to Spain in 1504, on Ferdinand's marriage 
 with Germaine de Foix, the niece of Louis XII. 
 
 Italy was not destined to enjoy peace for any 
 lengthened period. The Venetians, for a long series 
 of years, had been gradually making encroach- 
 ments upon all their neighbours. In the year 
 1509, Pope Julius II persuaded the Emperor 
 Maximilian, and the kings of France and Spain 
 to enter into a league at Cambray, by which they 
 agreed to attack the Republic, and recover the 
 possessions which had been wrested from the 
 CJhurch. Louis of France was the first to take 
 the field, and he utterly defeated the Venetians at 
 
 B 2 
 
iv HENRY JOINS THE POPE. [1509. 
 
 Aguadello. Struck with terror they abandoned 
 the whole continent, and Julius recovered all the 
 towns they held in the Ecclesiastical territories. 
 Had Louis followed up the success he had gained, 
 the Republic must have been ruined ; but, instead 
 of this, he retired to Milan, and very soon after- 
 wards, in consquence of the jealousy which existed 
 between the emperor and himself, the league was 
 dissolved, and Venice preserved. 
 
 As the acquisitions of Louis in Italy disturbed 
 that balance of power, of which the necessity was 
 now felt by the sovereigns of Europe, Julius was 
 enabled to establish a new and stronger league for 
 curtailing the French dominions. Henry VIII, 
 who had just ascended the English throne, inherited 
 an overflowing treasury, which the grasping avarice 
 of his father had accumulated. Desirous of pro- 
 tecting the Pope from the danger with which he 
 believed he was threatened from Louis, and burn- 
 ing with youthful ardour for military glory, he was 
 easily induced to join the Pope, the Kling of Spain, 
 and the Venetians, in his confederacy. The master- 
 stroke, however, of the Pope's policy was winning 
 over the Swiss mercenaries, who were, at that 
 time, considered the best troops in Europe. 
 
 In the beginning of the campaign, Henry was 
 persuaded by his father-in-law, Ferdinand of Spain, 
 who affected to take a lively concern in his inte- 
 rests, to land a body of troops at Fontarabia, pro- 
 mising to assist him in the recovery of Guienne 
 
1510.J CAMPAIGN OF GASTON HE FOIX. V 
 
 where, it was supposed, England had still some 
 adherents. An army was accordingly dispatched 
 under the command of the Marquis of Dorset,^ 
 who soon perceived that Ferdinand's object was 
 the conquest of the little kingdom of Navarre, 
 from which he easily expelled John d'Albret. 
 Dorset, not finding himself supported, returned 
 to England, Although this campaign produced 
 no advantage to England, it had a very prejudicial 
 effect upon France, for the threatening attitude of 
 the English army obliged Louis to withdraw 
 his forces from the South, to protect his own 
 dominions, and consequently he lost that superio- 
 rity which had signalized the beginning of the 
 Italian campaign. The command of the Italian 
 army was entrusted to the king's nephew, the 
 young Gaston de Foix, who performed prodigies 
 of valour, and revealed a capacity in military 
 tactics which experienced generals might envy. 
 Having relieved Bologna, he defeated the Vene- 
 tians in the Bressau, killing more than 8000 of 
 them. He afterwards routed the allied army near 
 Ravenna ; but, pursuing too far, fell gloriously at 
 the moment of victory. This event completed the 
 
 ' Thomas Grey, second Marquis of Dorset, was the grand- 
 son of Elizabeth Woodville, queen of Edward IV, and son of 
 Thomas Grey, Lord Eerrers of Groby, created Marquis of 
 Dorset 1475. He succeeded his father in 1501, was a distin- 
 guished soldier and knight. He married Margaret, daughter 
 of Sir Eobert Wotton, of Bacton, Co. Kent, and died in 1530, 
 leaving a son, Henry Grey, of whom hereafter. 
 
vi SIEGE OF TEROUENNE. [1513. 
 
 ruin of the French cause. They lost all their 
 possessions in Italy, except the castle of Milan, 
 and a few unimportant towns, and Maximilian, son 
 of Louis Sforza, was restored by the Swiss to the 
 Duchy of Milan. 
 
 In the year 1513, Henry personally undertook 
 another invasion of France. Attended by the 
 Duke of Buckingham, and a great concourse of 
 nobility and gentry, he landed at Calais on the 
 30th of June, and proceeded into the Netherlands. 
 Here he was quickly joined by the Emperor with 
 some German and Flemish soldiers. Maximilian 
 enlisted under the English standard, wore the 
 Cross of St. George, and received the pay of a 
 hundred crowns a day, as one of Henry's subjects 
 and captains, 
 
 Henry immediately laid siege to Terouenne. 
 The French made an attempt to relieve the place, 
 but Henry having received intelligence of their 
 approach, detached some troops across the Lis to 
 oppose them. The French cavalry, although con- 
 sisting chiefly of gentlemen who had behaved 
 with great gallantry in the Italian wars, no sooner 
 discovered the English than they were seized with 
 a most unaccountable panic, and fled with the 
 utmost precipitation. They were pursued by the 
 EngHsh, and many of their chief officers were 
 taken prisoners. This battle, in which the French 
 used their spurs more than their swords, has been 
 usually called the Battle of the Spurs. 
 
1515. J ACOESSION OF FRANCIS THE FIRST. vii 
 
 The whole of France now lay at the mercy of 
 the victors, and had Henry followed up the advan- 
 tage he had gained, by pushing forward into the 
 heart of the kingdom, the most splendid results 
 might have been anticipated. To the infinite 
 satisfaction of the French king, he, however, re- 
 turned to the seige of Terouenne, which soon fell 
 into his hands, and was rased to the ground. 
 After capturing Tournay, which, upon the pay- 
 ment of a sum of money, was again ceded to 
 France, Henry returned to England in the year 
 1515. 
 
 In the following year Henry concluded a treaty 
 <3f peace with France and the Republic of Venice, 
 and gave his sister, the beautiful Mary Tudor, then 
 in the seventeenth year of her age, in marriage to 
 the French king, who was in his fifty-third. 
 
 Within three months afterwards, 1st January, 
 1515, Louis died, and was succeeded by Francis of 
 Angoul^me, a young man of twenty-one years of 
 age, who had married his eldest daughter. 
 
 Francis's first act on ascending the throne was 
 to confirm the treaty of peace with the King of 
 England and the Republic of Yenice. Having 
 also entered into a treaty with Charles, king of 
 Spain, who had succeeded his grandfather, Ferdi- 
 nand, in January 1516, he set out upon an expe- 
 dition into Italy, where, with the assistance of the 
 Venetians, he soon recovered possession of the 
 Duchy of Milan. This success aroused the jealousy 
 
viii RELATIONS WITH SCOTLAND. 1503.] 
 
 of Henry, and, coupled with the encouragement 
 afForded to Richard de la Pole,i at the French 
 court, and the clandestine support of the Duke of 
 Albany, whona Francis sent into Scotland for the 
 purpose of undermining the influence and authority 
 of Henry's sister, the Queen Dowager, more than 
 once nearly caused a breach between these two 
 powerful sovereigns. Henry, however, abstained 
 from any act of overt hostility, and satisfied him- 
 self with secretly supplying the emperor with 
 money to carry on the war. 
 
 It will be necessary now briefly to refer to the 
 affairs of Scotland. Henry's eldest sister, Margaret, 
 had, in the year 1503, married James IV, king of 
 Scotland. Notwithstanding this connexion, in 
 consequence of the political friendship which had 
 long subsisted between the courts of Scotland and 
 France, Henry had no sooner set out upon his 
 expedition against the latter kingdom than his 
 brother-in-law crossed the Tweed with a large but 
 undisciplined army, and ravaged the northern 
 part of England. The Earl of Surrey collected a 
 
 * Eichard de la Pole, second son of John de la Pole, Duke 
 of Suffolk, by Elizabeth, sister of King Edward IV. Upon 
 the death of his elder brother, Edmund de la Pole, who, in 
 1513, was executed to remove him out of the king's way upon 
 the expedition of the latter into France, Eichard assumed the 
 title of Duke of Suffolk, and was known as the " White Eose." 
 As the representative of the house of York, he was an object 
 of great jealousy to Henry VIII. He was killed at the battle 
 of Pavia, 1525, see page 12, note. 
 
1520.] FIELD OF THE CLOTH OF GOLD. ix 
 
 force to oppose him, and on the 9 th of September 
 1513, the battle of Flodden, so fatal to Scotland, 
 was fought. James, and most of his nobles, fell on 
 the field, and Henry had an opportunity, had he 
 chosen to embrace it, of acquiring most important 
 advantages over that kingdom. He showed, 
 however, on this occasion, a mind great, generous, 
 and noble, by immediately complying with the 
 request of his sister (who had been appointed 
 regent to the young King James V), for peace, 
 and behaving towards her with the greatest tender- 
 ness and affection in her bereaved and helpless 
 condition. 
 
 In the year 1519 the Emperor Maximilian 
 died. Charles, king of Spain, and Francis, of 
 France, were candidates for the vacant throne. 
 Henry also offered himself, but at too late a 
 period to have any prospect of success. Charles 
 was elected, and the jealousy of Francis soon 
 showed itself in a declaration of war. 
 
 In the mean while (1520) occurred the cele- 
 brated meeting of the French and English mo- 
 narchs near Calais. The nobles of the two 
 countries, on this occasion, vied with each other 
 in magnificence, and in consequence of their pro- 
 fuse expense, many of them considerably injured 
 their patrimonies. From the splendour of the 
 scene, and lavish expenditure, the place of meet- 
 ing acquired the name of the Field of Cloth of 
 
X HOSTILITIES BETWEEN FRANCIS AND THE EMPEROR. 
 
 Gold. It, however, produced no important poli- 
 tical result. 
 
 In the year 1521 hostilities commenced between 
 Francis and the Emperor Charles. In Italy the 
 former was defeated by the Imperial army, and, 
 being obliged to abandon Milan, Francis Sforza, 
 was established in the Duchy by the Emperor and 
 the Pope. The French met, also, with serious 
 reverses in Flanders, chiefly owing to the defec- 
 tion of the Constable of Bourbon, who, irritated 
 at some unjust treatment he had received from 
 Francis, raised the standard of revolt, and entered 
 into an alliance with the Emperor and the 
 King of England. They agreed that France 
 should be divided between the two last, and that 
 the Duke of Bourbon, who was to marry the 
 Emperor's sister, should have the Kingdom of 
 Aries. 
 
 While Henry caused Picardy to be invaded 
 with an army under the Duke of Suffolk, the 
 Constable of Bourbon repulsed, with great loss, 
 a French army in the Milanese, commanded by 
 Admiral Bonevet, and the French were again 
 expelled from Italy. The Pope, Venetians, and 
 Florentines, were now satisfied with the advan- 
 tages which had been gained, and being jealous 
 of so powerful and ambitious a sovereign as 
 Charles obtaining a permanent footing in the 
 Peninsula, they endeavoured, but without effect, 
 
1525.] THE BATTLE OF PAVU. xi 
 
 to withdraw Henry from the alliance with the 
 emperor. 
 
 In the following year (1525), Francis took the 
 command of the army in Italy in person, and sat 
 down before Pavia. The French were attacked in 
 their intrenchments by the Constable of Bourbon, 
 and Lannoy, and suffered a most severe defeat, 
 Francis himself being made prisoner. This fearful . 
 calamity was chiefly occasioned by the romantic 
 notions of honour entertained by the French king. 
 He had declared that he would take Pavia or 
 perish in the attempt, and although the way was 
 open for his escape, nothing could induce him to 
 quit the place. He performed prodigies of valour, 
 killing seven men with his own hand. His nobles 
 and chief officers, with true devotion, gathered 
 around him, and, defending his life with their own, 
 perished at his feet. The king, wounded in 
 several places and nearly exhausted, was left 
 almost alone, exposed to the fury of some Spanish 
 soldiers, strangers to his person and rank, and 
 enraged at the obstinacy of his defence. In this 
 situation he was discovered by a French gentle- 
 man in the service of the Duke of Bourbon, who 
 instantly placed himself by the side of the monarch 
 against whom he had rebelled, and defended him 
 from the attacks of his fierce assailants, at the 
 same time beseeching him to surrender to 
 Bourbon. Francis rejected with indignation this 
 proposal to submit to his rebellious subject, and 
 
xii THE BATTLE OF PAVIA. [1525. 
 
 calling for Lannoy, who happened to be near, he 
 surrendered his sword to him. . Lannoy, kneeling 
 to kiss the king's hand, received it with the most 
 profound respect, and taking his own sword from 
 his side, he presented it to the captive king, say- 
 ing, " It did not become so great a monarch to 
 remain disarmed in the presence of one of the 
 emperor's subjects."^ 
 
 At the siege of Pavia, the subject of our 
 memoir made his first essay in arms ; and it must 
 
 ' Russel, writing to King Henry VIII, from Milan on the 
 13th of March, says : " ThEmperour's army thought to have 
 come and assayled the Trenche King in his camp in the 
 mornyng betymes, every of them having a white shert upon 
 his harnoiz ; wherof, or y' wer midnight. He was advertised. 
 Who than removed owt of his camp into the playne filde, 
 and ordayned his battailes the same night ; so that, whereas 
 thEmperour's army thought to have set upon them being 
 incamped, they founde them in araye and good ordre, marching 
 towardes them, having wel forty pieces of artillery, which did 
 muche hurt. The Frenche king layeth now fault in his Suyses, 
 for that he hath lost the battail, and sayeth that they did not 
 their part as they shuld hav doon. His launceknightes 
 fowght very well against ther owne nation. Eichard de la 
 Poole, was ther eapitaine, who was slayne there, and also few 
 of them scaped. Besides this of 14 hundreth men of armes, 
 wiche He had there, there escaped not past 4 or 500, but wer 
 eyther taken or slayne. Tt is saied here there was slayne in 
 the felde 12 thowsande men, besides divers that wer drowned 
 in the Tyzyn fleing, which be founde dayly, and of greate 
 nomber. There was taken prisoners ten thowsand ; and the 
 most part of them wer men of werre, and the other rascaU, to 
 whom Mons'^ de Bourbon hath given passeportes. And of 
 thEmperours part there was not lost past 1500 men, or nere 
 there aboutes." — State Papers, vol. vi. page 406. 
 
1525. J PETER CAKEW AT PAVIA. xiii 
 
 be confessed that his d^but was most unfortunate. 
 Having, by death, lost, on his way to the field, his 
 only friend, the guns of the enemy soon deprived 
 him of the protector whom chance had raised him 
 up. Desolate and forlorn, though nothing daunted, 
 and with a courage and resolution beyond his 
 years, he walked boldly into the enemies camp, 
 and claimed their protection. The frank and noble 
 bearing of the lad immediately commended him 
 to the notice of the Imperial leaders. Anstis, in 
 his "I'Histoire G^nealogique de la Maison de 
 Carew," a MS. in the possession of Mr. Pole 
 Carew of Antony, states that Peter Carew was 
 page to the Constable of Bourbon at the sack of 
 Kome ; and it appears from Hooker's narrative 
 that (it is presumed after the Constable's death) 
 he was in the service and favour of the Prince of 
 Orange. 
 
 The great and unexpected calamity which had 
 befallen the French king rendered it incumbent 
 for Henry to reflect upon his own position, and 
 consider what course, in the altered circumstances, 
 he should pursue. Two lines of conduct appeared 
 open to him. The one was to take advantage of 
 the opportunity offered him, and dismember France 
 by recovering the territories which he claimed as 
 his inheritance. To this no obstacle presented 
 itself. The greater number of the nobles and cap- 
 tains of France were either taken or slain. The 
 country was wholly unprotected, and he had a 
 
xiv ALLIANCE WITH FRANCE. [1525. 
 
 large fleet ready witli which he could make a 
 descent upon Normandy. To this course, more- 
 over, he was strongly urged by the Duke of 
 Bourbon, who pledged himself to place the crown 
 of France upon his head within a few weeks. On 
 the other hand, he must consider the danger 
 arising from the enormous increase of power the 
 dismemberment of France would place in the 
 hands of the emperor without any counterpoise ; 
 and that the prosperity and happiness of England 
 depended upon the equality between the King of 
 France and the emperor. In these circumstances 
 England was always in a condition to become the 
 arbitress of Europe, and make herself courted by 
 both sides. 
 
 The subject having been fully deliberated upon 
 in council it was determined that Henry's political 
 interest consisted in supporting France. This con- 
 curred with the king's private feelings, for he was 
 desirous of exercising the generosity, and acquiring 
 the glory, of raising France from her fallen state, 
 and setting at liberty her captive king. Further, 
 — and this was of no slight weight, — the course 
 proposed agreed with the inclination of Cardinal 
 Wolsey, who was rejoiced at an opportunity to 
 revenge the slights and disappointments he had 
 received from Charles. Accordingly reasons for 
 breaking with the emperor were soon found, and, 
 on the 30th August, 1525, an alliance was entered 
 into with France. It was not, however, until the 
 
1525-6.] SACK OF ROME. XV 
 
 month of March, in the following year, that Francis 
 recovered his liberty, and then only upon giving 
 his two sons as hostages for the fulfilment of very 
 severe stipulations. 
 
 Francis was no sooner at liberty than he repu- 
 diated the conditions imposed upon him and com- 
 bined with the Pope (Clement VII), Henry, and 
 the Italian States, in what was called the Holy 
 League, for checking the increasing power of 
 Charles, and compelling him to give up the two 
 young French princes. Francis, under the impres- 
 sion that the knowledge of the existence of this 
 confederacy would induce Charles to abate his pre- 
 tensions, neglected to send reinforcements, in due 
 time, to his allies in Italy. The Duke of Bourbon, 
 who had obtained possession of the whole of the 
 Milanese, of which throne he had been promised 
 investiture by the emperor, had levied a powerful 
 army in Germany. Not possessing money to pay 
 his troops, he led them to Home, promising to 
 enrich them by the plunder of that opulent city. 
 He was himself killed in the attack,^ and his 
 followers, by whom he was greatly beloved, enraged 
 at his death, entered the city sword in hand, and 
 were guUty of the most abominable atrocities. 
 
 It is now necessary we should advert for a short 
 time, to the affairs of the Turks. In consequence 
 of the lamentable dissensions of the Christian 
 
 ' May 6, 1526. 
 
xvi PROGRESS OF THE TURKS IN EUROPE. [1453. 
 
 princes that powerful people had conquered Con- 
 stantinople, and obtained a permanent footing in 
 Europe. 
 
 In the year 1620, Soliman I, called the Mag- 
 nificent, succeeded his father Selim I, and after 
 suppressing an insurrection of the Mamelukes, 
 resolved to carry out his father's design of turning 
 his arms against the Christians. He began by 
 laying seige to Weissenburg, the small garrison of 
 which made a gallant resistance. But one of the 
 towers of the citadel having been blown up by a 
 mine which two Christian deserters had taught the 
 infidels to dig, it was finally obliged to surrender. 
 Elated with this success, Soliman laid siege to 
 Rhodes, belonging to the Knights of St. John of 
 Jerusalem. The wars and jealousies of the Chris- 
 tian powers prevented them from entering into 
 any combination to resist the advances of the haters 
 and terrible oppressors of the holy faith. The 
 knights being reduced to great distress, and seeing 
 no hope of relief, were obliged to yield the place 
 in December 1 522. Thus Soliman, in a short time 
 acquired the possession of two places, which were 
 looked upon as the bulwarks of Christendom, and 
 which had baffled the power of Mahomet II, 
 when in the meridian of his glory. 
 
 The Turkish ambassadors, sent to Lewis king 
 of Hungary, having returned without either noses 
 or ears, Soliman, to whom the road was open 
 by the occupation of Weissenburg, determined to 
 
1533.] SIEGE OP VIENNA. xvii 
 
 penetrate into that kingdom. Lewis, without wait- 
 ing for the reinforcements on their way to join 
 him, rashly resolved to meet the Turks in battle. 
 The contest took place in the plain of Mohatz ; on 
 the 13th of August, 1526. Lewis was slain, and 
 the Hungarians were completely routed, with a 
 loss of 20,000 out of the 30,000 men whom they 
 brought into the field. Buda opened her gates 
 to the conqueror, but Soliman was soon obliged to 
 relinquish his acquisitions, and return to queU an 
 insurrection in his own dominions. 
 
 After the death of Lewis, two candidates 
 appeared for the vacant throne : Ferdinand, 
 brother of the Emperor Charles V, who had 
 married Anne sister of the late king, and John 
 Sepuse, Waywode of Transylvania. The friends 
 and supporters of the latter, finding themselves in 
 a minority, solicited, and obtained, the protection 
 of the Sultan, who returned to Hungary, in the 
 year 1529, at the head of a powerful army. Buda 
 soon fell again into his hands, and after putting 
 John in possession of that city, he marched directly 
 to Vienna. To this city he laid siege, but meet- 
 ing with an obstinate resistance from the governor, 
 Philip, Count Palatine, he was obliged to raise 
 the siege and retire with precipitation, after suf- 
 fering a loss of 20,000 men. Three years afterwards 
 he made another attack upon Hungary, but Ferdi- 
 nand defended himself with great vigour, and the 
 Spanish fleet, sent to cause a diversion, took Patras 
 
 c 
 
XViii THE CHRISTIAN AND THE TUEK. [1533. 
 
 and Coron in the Morea, which places, however, 
 they were not able to hold for any length of time. 
 
 Soliman next turned his arms against Persia, 
 but met with no great success. On his return he 
 made an attack upon the "Venetians, and took 
 several islands in the Archipelago belonging to 
 them. In consequence of a want of support from 
 other Christian powers, they were obliged to make 
 peace, by ceding several places, and consenting to 
 pay a large sum towards the expenses of the war. 
 
 The competitors for the crown of Hungary 
 had arranged that John should hold it during his 
 life, with the title of king, and that, after his 
 death, it should revert to Ferdinand. When this 
 event occurred, in 1541, the latter naturally ex- 
 pected to obtain quiet possession, but John's 
 widow sought the assistance of Soliman to secure 
 it for her infant son Stephen (or John) Sepuse. 
 To this Soliman readily assented, and commenced 
 making great preparations at Constantinople. It 
 was at this time, when aU Europe was excited by 
 the coming events, that the youthful ardour of 
 Peter Carew, who had some years previously 
 returned to England, could not be restained, but 
 he must needs visit the scene of action. 
 
 The emperor endeavoured to conceal the dis- 
 cord existing between Francis and himself and 
 persuade Soliman that should he invade Hungary, 
 all Christendom would rise to resist him, and, at 
 the same time, tried to bring about the state of 
 
1541.]. THE CHRISTIAN AND THE TURK. xix 
 
 things which he represented as existing, by oiFer- 
 ing concessions to the French king. Nothing, 
 however, would satisfy the latter but the cession 
 of Milan ; which sacrifice the emperor was not 
 disposed to make. The Pope, Paul III, used his 
 utmost exertions to reconcile the difference be- 
 tween them, and induce them to unite their arms 
 against the infidels, but without effect. Francis 
 sent ambassadors to Constantinople to undeceive 
 the Turk, and seek his alhance. On their way 
 through Milan these were assassiaated, as Francis 
 represented, by the contrivance of the governor. 
 Other ambassadors were sent with rich presents to 
 the sultan, encouraging him in his design of at- 
 tacking Ferdinand, and soUciting the assistance 
 of his fleet against the emperor. Soliman readily 
 listened to these flattering proposals of the Most 
 Christian king, and invaded Hungary in person. 
 
 When Ferdinand found that he was disap- 
 pointed in his expectation of obtaining undisputed 
 possession of Hungary he sent an expedition 
 against Buda. Whilst before this place his troops 
 were attacked by Soliman with a powerfiol army, 
 and defeated Avith a loss of 20,000 men. Upon 
 the pretence of holding the place for the young 
 son of John Sepuse, Soliman greatly strengthened 
 the fortifications. The Christians were equally 
 unsuccessful against Pesth, where they suffered a 
 great loss. In the meanwhile the Infidels obtained 
 possession of Weissenburgh, Strigonia or Gran, 
 
 c 2 
 
XX 
 
 SIEGE OF NICE.. [l^^l- 
 
 and other places ; but were defeated before Agria 
 with great slaughter. 
 
 Francis invaded the Imperial territories in 
 several places, but without any great result, and 
 the emperor undertook, with no better success, an 
 expedition against Algiers, where the celebrated 
 pirate and Turkish Admiral, Barbarossa, had 
 made himself king. 
 
 Two years afterwards Soliman, at the request 
 of Francis, sent Barbarossa with the Turkish fleet 
 to join the French in invading Italy. Nice was 
 besieged by their united forces. To the astonish- 
 ment and scandal of all Christendom the unwonted 
 spectacle was witnessed of the lilies of France and 
 the crescent of Mahomet, in conjunction, before a 
 fortress, from which waved the cross of Savoy. 
 On the 22nd of August, 1543, the town yielded. 
 The castle held out with undaunted resolution, 
 and seven persons, townsmen, who had been found 
 guilty of treasonable practices with the enemy, 
 were hanged on the walls. Hearing of the ap- 
 proach of the Marquis de Guasto, these unnatural 
 allies quarrelled. Wotton,^ writing to Henry VIII 
 from Brussels, on the 3rd of October, 1543, says: — 
 " ThEmperour hathe recejrved letters from the 
 Marquyse del Guasto, that Barbarossa, heeringe 
 withe what compenye the Marquyse was com- 
 minge towardes hym to Nyse, being sore moovidde 
 
 ' Dr. Nicholas Wotton, at that time ambassador with the 
 emperor. 
 
1543.] AFFAIRS OF SCOTLAND. xxi 
 
 and discontentidde v/ith the Frenchemenne, who 
 hadde borne hym yn hande, that it was not possible 
 that thEmperour by enye meanes shulde succour 
 JS"yse, hathe levyed his siege, and hathe caryed withe 
 hym above 2000 Frenchemenne, whome he hathe 
 cawsidde to be enchaynidde yn his galeys ; emonge 
 the whiche wer summe gentlemenne, but Monsieur 
 dEnghien^ escapidde; the rest of the Frenchemenne, 
 having burnidde a parte of the towne ranne awaye, 
 of whom menye ar drownidde yn the ryver of 
 Nyse." ^ Francis, therefore, had not the poor 
 consolation of success in return for the infamy of 
 having taken as auxiliaries the deadly enemies of 
 Christianity. 
 
 The course of events now calls us again to 
 Scotland. In that country, as in others, disturb- 
 ances and persecutions had arisen respecting 
 religion. James V, being much addicted to plea- 
 sure, and extravagant in his habits, was always in 
 want of money. He had, moreover, several natural 
 sons for whom he was desirous of making provision. 
 He was assailed by both the religious parties ; the 
 reformers urged him to follow the example of his 
 uncle, Henry VIII, and enrich himself by the 
 suppression of the abbeys ; and the nobles, greedy 
 of sharing in the plunder, as their brethren in 
 England had done, added their voices in support 
 of these councils. On the other hand the clergy, 
 
 ' Francis, son of Charles duke of Vendoiiie. 
 * State Papers, vol. ix, p. 516. 
 
Xxii INVASION OP SCOTLAND. [1541. 
 
 and those who were attached to the ancient religion, 
 represented to him that, without any violation of 
 justice, by enforcing the existing laws against 
 heretics, he would raise a very large revenue from 
 forfeited estates. 
 
 Henry was very uneasy at this state of affairs, 
 being apprehensive that the latter advisers, to whom 
 James was inclined to listen, would lead him to 
 take part with the Pope and Emperor against 
 himself. He therefore sought an interview with 
 his nephew at York ; not doubting that he would 
 possess sufficient influence with him to persuade 
 him as he pleased. James at first promised to 
 attend, but afterwards, at the instigation of Car- 
 dinal Beaton, who possessed a great ascendancy, 
 over him, and the other churchmen, he declined to 
 come. 
 
 Henry was highly indignant at this shght, and 
 determined to chastise his nephew. He accord- 
 ingly, as a pretence for war, revived the old claims 
 of England to feudal superiority, and summoned 
 James to do homage for his dominions. At the 
 same time the Duke of Norfolk was directed to 
 approach the borders with a large force. Whilst 
 the latter was waiting at Newcastle to assemble 
 his army. Sir Eobert Bowes with about 4000 men 
 crossed into Scotland, and advanced towards 
 Jedburg with the intention of pillaging and 
 destroying the town. James had posted a con- 
 siderable body of troops under the Earl of Huntly, 
 
1542.J INVASION OP SCOTLAND. xxiii 
 
 to defend the borders. Lord Hume, at the head 
 of his vassals, hastening to join Huntly, fell in 
 with the English army, and a battle immediately- 
 ensued. During the engagement the army of 
 Huntly began to appear on the hills, and the 
 Enghsh, afraid of being surrounded and cut off, 
 took to flight, when several persons of distinction 
 were made prisoners. 
 
 On the 21st of October the main body of the 
 English army under Norfolk entered Scotland. 
 James, with his army, lay at Fala and Suntrey ready 
 to advance as soon as he heard that his kingdom 
 was invaded. The English had crossed the Tweed at 
 Berwick and passed along the banks of the river 
 as far as Kelso, where, hearing that James was 
 ready to attack them with 30,000 men, they again 
 crossed. James, burning with desire to pursue 
 his enemies and carry the war into England, 
 assembled a council of war. But his nobility, 
 either from disaffection to him on account of the 
 preference he had shewn the clergy, or from a 
 conscientious feeling that such a course would be 
 impolitic, objected to his proposal. Exasperated 
 at finding himself thus thwarted, he called them 
 traitors and cowards, and threatened to punish 
 them for their disobedience. Leaving the com- 
 mand of the army to Lord Maxwell, with orders 
 to march against the enemy, be retired to a short 
 distance ready to approach should there be occasion 
 to fight. 
 
xxiv BATTLE OF SOLWAY MOSS. [1542. 
 
 The king's anger against his nobles was fostered 
 by Beaton, who induced him a few days after- 
 wards, secretly to issue a commission conferring 
 the command of the army on a private gentle- 
 man called Oliver St. Clair, who was the king's 
 favourite. The two armies met on Solway Moss : 
 but just as the Scots were preparing for action, 
 St. Clair's commission was read, at which the 
 nobility were greatly enraged, and the whole army 
 thrown into confusion. Whilst in this state they 
 were charged by a body of English horse, and 
 received a fatal and utter overthrow. But little 
 resistance was made, a great portion were slain, 
 and an exceedingly large number of prisoners, 
 including seven lords and two hundred gentlemen, 
 as well as twenty-four pieces of ordnance, were 
 captured. So great was the number of prisoners 
 that the English had not a sufficient number of 
 men to guard them, and consequently men, women, 
 and boys, were engaged for this purpose. 
 
 James was naturally of a melancholy and 
 desponding character; anxious, perplexed, shunning 
 company, and subject to immoderate grief and 
 despair. He was utterly confounded at this catas- 
 trophe, and believed that he had been betrayed 
 by his nobles. This had such an effect upon his 
 constitution that he became ill, and his life was 
 in danger. At this time he was informed that his 
 queen had been delivered of a child. He enquired 
 whether it were a male or a female, and beino- told 
 
1542.] ACCESSION OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. XXV 
 
 the latter, he turned himself in his bed, and with 
 heavy groans bid them farewell, saying : " It wiU 
 end as it began. As the crown came by a woman 
 it will go by one. Many miseries await this poor 
 kingdom. King Henry will make Scotland his 
 own, either by conquest or marriage." He died 
 five days afterwards, 14th of December, 1542, in 
 the thirty-third year of his age and thirty-second 
 of his reign. A short time previously he had lost 
 his two sons, both in one day, 11th of August, 
 1540, not without suspicion of foul play. 
 
 The young princess who, when five days old, 
 succeeded her father as Queen of Scotland, was 
 the unfortunate Mary. The whole kingdom was 
 in the utmost confusion in consequence of the 
 fatal rout of Solway. Cardinal Beaton produced 
 a will, which was said to be fabricated, con- 
 stituting himself regent during the young queen's 
 minority. According to the prediction of James, 
 Henry had no sooner heard of the success of his 
 arms, the king's death, and the succession of his 
 infant daughter, than he took measures for securing 
 the crown of Scotland by the marriage of the young 
 queen to his son Edward, Prince of Wales. For 
 this purpose he made overtures to the noblemen 
 who were prisoners in London, and, by bribes and 
 promises of their liberty and his future favour, 
 induced them to accede to his wishes. The Earl 
 of Arran, the next heir to the crown, by his 
 grandmother daughter of James III, was brought 
 
XXvi EXPEDITION TO SCOTLAND. [1542. 
 
 to concur in the king's views, but, in consequence 
 of the intrigues of Beaton, an arrangement, which 
 would have benefited both countries, was frus- 
 trated. 
 
 A war being now apprehended immediately 
 with England, the Cardinal made application to 
 France for assistance. Francis, however, in con- 
 sequence of his war with the emperor, was unable to 
 spare troops ; but he sent over the Earl of Lennox, ^ 
 a young nobleman of high rank and great influence 
 among the Scottish nobility, who was then resident 
 in the French court. He arrived in Scotland in 
 great splendour, with a magnificent retinue, and, 
 what was of great consequence, well supplied with 
 money. Through his means the French faction in 
 Scotland soon prevailed over the partizans of 
 Henry. 
 
 ' Matthew Stewart, 4th earl, succeeded his father 1526, 
 married the Lady Margaret Douglas, daughter and sole heir 
 of Archibald, 6th Earl of Angus, by Margaret, daughter of 
 Henry VII of England, and widow of James IV of Scotland. 
 He was the father of Henry Lord Darnley, Mary's second 
 husband. The Earl of Lennox was in the line of succession 
 to the crown of Scotland, and, therefore, an avowed enemy to 
 the Earl of Arran. Cardinal Beaton, by threatening to 
 espouse this young nobleman's interests in opposition to those 
 of the regent, obtained from the latter many important con- 
 cessions, and having secured them, treated Lennox with con- 
 tempt. The earl was very indignant, and immediately appeared 
 in arms, but being very quickly abandoned by his followers, 
 he sought refuge in England, where he was received by Henry 
 with open arms. He afterwards joined Henry in the invasion 
 of his native country. — See page 50. 
 
1543.] EDINBURGH BURNT. XXvii 
 
 Great disorders, however, quickly arose between 
 the rival factions ; Beaton was removed from the 
 Regency, and was succeeded by the Earl of 
 Arran, and Henry embraced the opportunity 
 of trying by force to reduce his enemies to 
 reason. He sent a fleet, with a formidable army, 
 to Scotland, which disembarked at Granton, near 
 Edinburgh, and marching to that city destroyed 
 by fire a great part of it, together with Holyrood 
 House and many churches. They then attacked 
 the castle with ordnance, but were so warmly 
 received that they were obliged to withdraw. The 
 garrison sallied after them, when they fled with 
 such precipitation as to leave most of their cannon 
 in the hands of the besieged. Having, on their 
 return, burnt Craig Mullen Castle, several villages, 
 and the town of Leith, they re-embarked at the 
 latter place and returned to England. 
 
 The share which Francis took in fostering the 
 factions and intrigues of Scotland, and thwart- 
 ing Henry's views with respect to that country, 
 induced the latter to listen to the overtures of the 
 Emperor, and join in an alliance with him against 
 France. The reasons alleged for this proceeding, 
 however, were that Francis had captured several 
 English ships and withheld the goods, — that he 
 had not paid the tribute due to England, — that 
 he had fortified Ardres to the prejudice of the 
 English pale, &c., &c. 
 
 In the beginning of the year 1543 war was 
 
XXviii WAR WITH FRANCE. , [1543. 
 
 declared against France by the emperor and the 
 King of England. The former proceeded from 
 Spain into Italy, thence to the Low Countries, 
 where he resolved to chastise the Duke of Cleves, 
 who had entered into an alliance with Francis. He 
 marched into Gelderland and soon obtained pos- 
 session of all the strong places, and compelled the 
 Duke to submit. On the 7th September he was 
 brought by the Duke of Brunswick, and other 
 great men, before the emperor, where they kneeled 
 down altogether. The Duke of Cleves acknow- 
 ledged his oflFences, and all the others sohcited his 
 pardon. He was compelled to break off a contract 
 of marriage with a Princess of Navarre, and after- 
 wards (1546) married Mary daughter of Ferdinand, 
 king of the Romans. 
 
 Henry sent an army of 6000 men, with aU the 
 necessary appliances, under the command of Sir 
 John Wallop,! Sir Thomas Seymour being second 
 in command and marshal of the field, and asso- 
 ciated with them in council were Sir Kichard 
 Cromwell, captain of the horse, Sir Robert Bowes, 
 treasurer of the army, Sir John St. John, and, 
 afterwards. Sir George Carew. Sir John WaUop 
 was instructed to join the emperor's army in his 
 country, under the chief commander of which he 
 was to act for 112 days, in driving back the enemy, 
 and, if necessary, pursuing him into France. But 
 
 ' Sir John Wallop's commissiou is printed in Eymer, vol. 
 xiv. p. 1, and Seymour's in the following page. 
 
1543.] CAMPAIGN IN FLANDERS. xxix 
 
 in case the enemy should retire within the time 
 prescribed, and the emperor should not pursue 
 in force, the English army was directed to return 
 immediately within the English pale. On the 
 other hand, if the services of the Enghsh were 
 required beyond the prescribed time, they were to 
 be provided for, and paid, by the emperor until 
 the king's pleasure should be further known. ^ 
 
 As Sir Peter Carew served in the campaign of 
 this, and the next, year, we propose to give the 
 details of the proceedings of the army, collected 
 from the State Papers, more in detail than is 
 known ever yet to have been published. 
 
 Sir John Wallop left Guisnes about the middle 
 of July, and entered into the district of Fiennais, 
 where he burnt the abbey of Beaulieu, and, the 
 following night, the castle of Fiennes. The next 
 day he despatched a body of 2000 foot and 300 
 horse, under Sir Thomas Seymour against the 
 castle of Kinquecen, which was immediately taken 
 and destroyed, as was also, on their return, another 
 castle called Arbrittayne,^ which was one of the 
 strongest piles in the Boulonnais. He then 
 marched to Lique, burning and destroying the 
 villages as he passed. At this latter place a castle 
 belonging to M. de Biez surrendered, and was 
 destroyed. Thence they marched to Terouenne, 
 
 ^ "Wallop's instructions may te found in the State Papers, 
 vol. ix. p. 440. 
 
 '' Perhaps Ardinghem. 
 
XXX CAMPAIGN IN FLANDERS. [1543. 
 
 the proceedings before whicli are detailed in the 
 appendix.^ 
 
 At the camp, near Bettune, Wallop was joined 
 by many captains and governors of towns, and, 
 among others, by the governor of Arras, who had 
 recently returned from the Great Master of Flan- 
 ders.^ Wallop was desirous of knowing from this 
 gentleman what enterprise the Great Master con- 
 templated against the enemy. He was informed 
 of the probability of his being required, in con- 
 junction with the emperor's army, to besiege a 
 town in Hainault, called Landrecy ; where the 
 French king had lodged, and which he had left 
 garrisoned with 3000 men. Wallop was doubtful 
 whether this arrangement would be agreeable to 
 his instructions, considering that as the French 
 king had retired with his army within the period 
 of 112 days after his entry into the emperor's 
 dominions, they ought to follow them and invade 
 France ; and should the emperor decline to do this 
 that he should take his leave and return within 
 the English dominions, — Landrecy being within 
 the emperor's territory and not the French king's. 
 He therefore requested the King of England's 
 
 ^ Vide Appendix A. 
 
 ^ The Lord Steward was called the Grand, or Great, 
 Master of the Household. At this time the office was filled 
 by Adrian de Croy Count of Eome; Lord of Eome 1524, 
 Count of Eome 1530, Chamberlain to Charles V, Great Master 
 of Flanders, Governor of Manders and Artois, and Captain- 
 General of the Netherlands 1540. Died 1553. 
 
1543.J CAMPAIGN IN FLANDERS. XXxi 
 
 further instructions. Henry permitted his army 
 to join in this undertaking, but, at the same time, 
 directed Wallop to inform the emperor that a 
 nearer enterprise would better please him. 
 
 On the march towards Landrecy "Wallop was 
 joined at Arras by the Great Master of Flanders, 
 who reviewed the Enghsh troops, and expressed 
 himself much pleased with their appearance. At 
 H4pre he was met by the Duke of Arscott^ "with 
 a goodly band of gentlemen mounted upon grate 
 horses." The troops brought by these commanders 
 amounted to 7000 footmen and 2500 horse, making 
 the whole army 12,000 foot and 3000 horse, at 
 the least. 
 
 With this force they approached Landrecy 
 and encamped at Bouzies, a mile from the town. 
 Having made a reconnoissance of the place it was 
 found that they could not besiege it without divid- 
 ing the army ; there being a small brook which 
 could not be passed without bridges. This was 
 not thought safe in consequence of the French 
 king lying, with a large army, at Guyse, only four 
 leagues distant. Application was then made to 
 the Queen Regent for further assistance, which 
 she was unable to afford. For greater safety, the 
 camp was removed to Anglefountayne, within a 
 league of Quennoye, and strongly fortified. Here 
 
 ' Phillip de Croy, Count of Porceau 1514-1521, Marquis 
 of Arscott 1521—1533, Duke of Arscott 1533—1549. Died 
 1549. 
 
XXxii SIEGK OF LANDRECY. [1543. 
 
 they determined to await succours from the 
 emperor. 
 
 In the meanwhile a small expedition, under 
 De Licques, was sent against the Duke de Ven- 
 d6me's castle at Bohain, seven or eight leagues 
 within the French frontier. This they besieged, 
 and having efltected a breach, the English and 
 lanzknechts were about to make the assault, when 
 they found that the Spaniards, who had invested 
 the town on the other side, had entered into com- 
 munication with the townsmen, and, having been 
 admitted to the town, had already craftily taken 
 all the garrison prisoners. Having set fire to, 
 and destroyed, the place, they returned to the 
 camp. 
 
 On the 19th of October, the emperor arrived 
 before Landrecy, having been detained by a fit of 
 the gout. His first act was to visit the English 
 army, with which he was extremely well satisfied. 
 Wallop thus describes the emperor's visit in a letter 
 to the king, dated the 21st of October : — " He, 
 beholding well our army, standing in a ray, fouer 
 skore and one in a rank, and after beheld well the 
 fortificacion therof, did lyke it mervelously well, 
 and so did all the other straungiers that cam with 
 Hym ] sayeng that he had not sene any other of 
 that sort, meanyng by a trenche, that I devised, 
 more than a pyke length and a half frome the 
 cartes. To Whome I saied, the first devis of suche 
 trenches was made to annoy Hym. ' How,' quod 
 
1543.J SIEGE OF LANDRECY. XXxiii 
 
 he, 'and where V Whereunto I aunswered that it 
 was when the Frenche Kinges camp lay joynyng 
 to Vienne/ when His Majestie cam into Province^ 
 I being there at that tyme. And as He rode a little 
 lower, beholding the same, He sawe uppon the top 
 of the saied trenche all Your Majesties capteyns 
 and pety capteyns, appoincted right well lyeke men 
 of war in veraie warlyeke appareill ; asking of me 
 who were those, and I shewed Hym that they were 
 the capteyns and theyr lieutenauntes of the foote 
 men, and the most part of Your Majesties hous- 
 hold servantes. 'Par ma foy,' disoit II, ' voyla 
 ungne beUe bende de gentilz hommes ;' and how 
 moche he was bownde to Your Majestie for sending 
 unto Hym so goodly a compaigny. And with 
 that I brought Hym in to our camp, where^He was 
 saluted with Your Majesties trompettes. And 
 passing by that side saied unto me, ' Youles vous. 
 Monsieur de Wallop, que Je aille plus avant en 
 votre camp?' and sodenly saied, 'Bien, bien, a 
 mon retour Je les verray plus a loisir ; ' and that 
 He had fower long leages to ryde after hys dyner to 
 Avannes. Therwith He begon to tell me how syck 
 He had ben, sythen his departing from Yenelot, 
 and that the day before He came hither. He 
 assayed his harnes, whiche was a gteate deale to 
 wyde for Hym ; notwithstandyng that He made 
 Hym a greate doublet bombasted with cotton ; and 
 saied further, ' If the Frenche King would comme, 
 
 ' Viens. 
 
XXxiv STEGE OP LANBKECY. [1543. 
 
 as He sayeth He will, I will ly ve and dye with youe 
 Englische men,' And by that tyme He was comma 
 to his lodging, where he veraie graciously bad me 
 fare well. And as soon as He had dyned. He lept 
 on horsback, and departed towardes Avannes. 
 And, for thexperyence that I had of the goon 
 shoting of the towne I tooke upon me to be 
 one of his conducteures for his salvegard, and 
 brought Him as farr as Marole, where as the 
 Frenche King lay all the while that Landercy was 
 a fortifieng. And passing over the water thyther- 
 ward, an Italyen cam downe on that side of the 
 water frome Fernando de Goonzago his camp, 
 declaring to thEmperour that there was sene not 
 farr frome thence a great companye of Frenche 
 horsmen. Wherupon thEmperour demaunded 
 for avauntcourreurs to dyscouver the contrey, He 
 being il provided for the same ; and to be playne 
 with Your Majestie, was used therin by his cap- 
 tayns, chief rulers of his camp, very neglygently, 
 I shewed Hym that I had there with me two 
 hundreth lyght horsses, that should dyscouver the 
 countrey as sone and as suerly as any Albanoys, 
 Alarbes, or any other nation. He required me 
 therwith to send them forth. And when He saw 
 them hoorle up the hill so lyghtly, He said, ' Par 
 ma foy, voyla de gens qui vont de grand courraige, 
 et ils semblent tresbien les Alarbes d'Affrice,"And 
 when they were out of sight, He tooke his way 
 towards Avannes. And before He passed the 
 
1543. J SIEGE OF LANDRECY. XXXV 
 
 brydge of Marole, He would not go forthwardes, 
 untill He had sent forth about twentye or thyrtie 
 avant courreures to thother side of the water, owt 
 of the nombre of three hundreth horsses that 
 were there ; -who went as hevyly as our men went 
 lygli%» I being aferd the brydge would have 
 soonken under theym. And, or He went over He 
 said, ' Ou sont les gentils hommes de ma maison V 
 speaking that veraie soberly twyse or thryse, as 
 though He would have had theym gladly abowt 
 Hym ; and so went over the brydge faire and 
 softly, and bad his men of armes comme after Hym. 
 And there the Greate Maistre and I tooke our 
 leave of Hym.'^ 
 
 Henry, having studied the map of Landrecy, 
 intimated to Wallop, that he was of opinion the 
 town was not pregnable by assault, without hazard 
 of great loss, and suggested that, considering the 
 French king was so near with so great force, it 
 would be advisable for the emperor to keep his 
 army together. He proposed that "where the 
 ground without was highest, mountes of earth 
 should be made in two several places, and from 
 thence, ordnance should be shot continually into 
 the town, to beat down the houses and scour the 
 streets in such sort as no man should stir within, 
 and also to shoot from the camp, out of mortars 
 continually, such shot as would break of itself, and 
 skater abroad to do hurt in sundry places, by 
 ' State Papers, vol. ix. pp. 523, 524. 
 D 2 
 
XXXvi SIEGE OF LANDRECY ABANDONED. [1543. 
 
 which means he thinks the town would receive 
 such damage and annoyance that the town would 
 be fain to treat." Wallop conferred with the 
 Imperial commanders upon the king's suggestion, 
 and found that they " both lyketh it marvelously 
 well," and were minded to put it into execution. 
 " As touching mortaires, he says, they have here 
 fyve or six, and moche wild fyre in arrowes to 
 shote into the towne ; and one of the saied mor- 
 tairs is the fairest that ever I saw, made of canon 
 metall, and shoteth the greatest boulet that ever I 
 saw ; dyverse of theym made of stone, and thothers 
 artificiall, full of wild fyer, and a fortie or fyftie 
 shot of gones within theym, every one of them 
 able to kiU a man. Thexperience thereof hath ben 
 sene within theys thre dayes, and the goones 
 enclosed within theym have ben herd shot after 
 they fell within the towne ; and every of theys 
 shots, do cost the Emperour 30" guyldons."'^ 
 
 Greatly to the annoyance of WaUop, on the 
 29th of October, the siege of Landrecy was aban- 
 doned, and the army moved to new ground, where 
 they fortified themselves in expectation of the 
 approach of the French king. Whilst in this 
 position some skirmishing took place with the 
 advance guard of the French. The latter suffered 
 some loss, both in killed and prisoners. The allied 
 
 ' State Papers, vol. ix. p. 528. "Wallop gives a further 
 account of the eifect of these mortars in a letter to Paget of 
 tlie 26th of October. 
 
1543.] COUNCIL OF WAR. xxxvii 
 
 army, at this time, consisted of 40,000 good foot- 
 men and 8000 horse. 
 
 On the 2nd of November, the camp was again 
 raised, and the army marched three leagues towards 
 the enemy, the advance guards of each continually 
 skirmishing throughout the day. At night the 
 emperor arrived and passed through the English 
 camp with a " very gentle countenaunce," saying 
 "Dieu mercy, Je suis tout guari pour combatre les 
 enemyes.^ On the following morning the army 
 again commenced its march towards the French 
 camp. Some severe skirmishing took place 
 throughout the day, which, as the evening ap- 
 proached, became more hot. The French were 
 driven back into the trenches of their own camp, 
 with some loss. The next morning a council of 
 war was held in the presence of the emperor, when 
 three questions were proposed for consideration : 
 1st. Whether it would be convenient to attack the 
 French king within his fortified camp 1 2ndly. 
 Whether it would be convenient to march the army 
 between him and France, so as to intercept his sup- 
 plies ? 3rdly. Whether it would be convenient to 
 dissolve the army, the French king's army remain- 
 ing still in camp ? After every man's opinion had 
 been demanded and heard by the emperor, it was 
 resolved : 1st. That it was not practicable to attack 
 the French king in his camp without danger of 
 
 ^ Wallop to King Henry VIII, State Papers, vol. ix. 
 p. 538. 
 
XXXviii RETREAT OF THE FRENCH. [1544. 
 
 great loss. 2ndly. Considering tlie strength of the 
 French in horse, it was not possible to stop their 
 supplies out of France, and should the army- 
 encamp between the French and France, there 
 would be danger of having their own supplies 
 intercepted. Srdly. With regard to the third point 
 it was considered that as the emperor had for 
 several days offered battle to the French king in 
 the open field, he might, with honour, dissolve his 
 army. It was determined, however, to remain in 
 the same place that night, and on the following, 
 day march in flank of the French, to a village 
 called Soyllan, and there remain the night, or 
 longer, as might seem desirable, upon the proceed- 
 ings of the enemy. 
 
 These arrangements were, however, unneces- 
 sary. On Sunday, Francis secretly raised his 
 camp and marched hastily towards his own country, 
 which movement was not known until in the 
 morning the English outposts gave the alarm. 
 Pursuit was instantly given by the horse with 
 great speed six or seven leagues into France ; the 
 emperor being on horseback with them, and the 
 footmen following in order of battle. Some strag- 
 glers were laid hold of, and some stores and 
 baggage captured. The chase led into a wood 
 with a narrow passage through it, which stopped 
 the great bulk of the pursuers for some time, 
 whilst the leaders came up with the French rear, 
 in ambuscade, when a sharp skirmish ensued, in 
 
1544.] INVASION OF FRANCE. XXxix 
 
 which Sir George Carew, Sir Thomas Palmer/ 
 and some other English gentlemen, being foremost, 
 were made prisoners. Before the allies could pass 
 through the wood the French had got out of reach 
 of danger, and evening now drawing on the allied 
 army returned, and encamped for the night on the 
 ground lately occupied by their enemies. On the 
 9th of November, the army broke up for winter 
 quarters, and the English returned to Calais. 
 
 The fiirther proceedings which occurred in 
 Scotland during the interim before the opening of 
 the next campaign aggravated, in a still greater 
 degree, the anger of King Henry VIII against the 
 King of France. It was therefore determined by 
 the allies to carry on the war most vigorously ; and 
 nothing less than the conquest of the whole king- 
 dom of France was concerted between them. It was 
 arranged that Henry should set out from Calais, 
 and Charles from the Low Countries, each with an 
 army of 40,000 men, and, leaving all provincial 
 towns behind them, march direct upon Paris. 
 
 It was at first proposed that the two sovereigns 
 should each command his army in person; but 
 Henry suggested that they should rather send 
 about 30,000 men each under lieutenants, and 
 remain themselves on the frontier to be ready for 
 any emergency which might arise. Charles would 
 
 ' Sir Thomas Palmer, Porter of Calais, 1540-1541, Trea- 
 surer of Guisnes, 1543, Captain of the " old man" Boulogne, 
 1545. 
 
xl HENRY PASSES OVER TO FRANCE. [1544. 
 
 not agree to this proposition, but determined 
 to lead his army in person, at the same time 
 endeavouring to dissuade Henry from doing so. 
 
 In the beginning of June, an army of 30,000 
 men was ready to take the field, and crossed over 
 to Calais, under the command of the Duke of 
 Norfolk, as captain of the vanguard and lieu- 
 tenant-general until the arrival of the king. The 
 rear-guard was led by John, Lord Kussell, lately 
 made Lord Privy Seal. The army was accom- 
 panied by a great number of noblemen, knights, 
 and gentlemen. Norfolk landed at Calais on the 
 9th of June, and, immediately, by the king's com- 
 mand, proceeded to the investment of Montreiul. 
 
 Having appointed the Queen^ Regent in his 
 absence, Henry passed over to Calais with great 
 magnificence ; the vessel which carried him across 
 the Channel being furnished vith sails of cloth of 
 gold, and arrived there on the 14th of July. He 
 immediately sent an army under the duke of 
 Sufiblk, to which Peter Carew was attached, to 
 lay siege to Boulogne. This siege the king super- 
 intended in person. 
 
 Francis, justly alarmed at the danger which 
 menaced him, was desirous of obtaining conditions 
 of peace. He accordingly opened the way by com- 
 munications through a gentleman who had formerly 
 been governor of Boulogne. Finding Henry not ill 
 disposed, towards the end of July he addressed him 
 ' Catherine Parr, whom he married ou 12th July, 1543. 
 
1544. j PEACE BETWEEN FRANCIS AND THE EMPEROR, xli 
 
 a letter, expressing his desire, and offering to make 
 him an arbitrator in the differences between the 
 emperor and himself. Henry received these propo- 
 sals with favour, and immediately submitted them, 
 through his ambassador, for the consideration of the 
 emperor, who, however, appeared to meet them 
 in another spirit. Having read the letter of 
 the Eling of France, he smiled and said " such 
 dissimulacions and fayre flattering wordes dothe he 
 ever use when he goeth about to deceyve menne."^ 
 But whatever the dissimulation of Francis might 
 have been it certainly was not greater than that of 
 the speaker. In communications with Henry, he 
 affected to demand from the King of France the 
 most humiliating conditions ; and duped the for- 
 mer so far as to lead him to carry on negotiations 
 upon the basis of propositions which it was never 
 probable Francis would accept, and which were 
 contrary to the stipulations of the alliance. In the 
 meantime, he secretly entered into communication 
 with Francis, and finally concluded a treaty of peace 
 with him at Cressy, on the 19 th of September, in 
 which the King of England was not included. 
 
 These negotiations, however, caused no inter- 
 mission in the sieges of Montreuil and Boulogne. 
 The battery opened on the latter place with great 
 vigour on the 3rd of August. On the following 
 day the wall was partially breached, and the loops 
 
 ' Nicholas Wotton, ambassador with the emperor, to King 
 Henry VIII. State Papers, vol. x. p. 34. 
 
xlii A NAVAL EXPEDITION. [1544. 
 
 of the defences were so well commanded by the 
 artillery, that none dared to look out. At this 
 time Hardelow, Frank, Hubersent, and three or 
 four other castles, had been taken, and Boulogne 
 surrendered on the 1 4th of September. 
 
 The siege of Montreuil was not so successful. 
 The army was considerably straitened for want of 
 forage, and being threatened on one side by the 
 Dauphin, and on the other by Monsieur de Biez, 
 by the king's command the siege was raised about 
 the end of September, and the army directed to 
 march to Boulogne. As, however, the French 
 army lay between them and that town, they 
 retired to Calais, at which proceeding, the king, 
 who, in the mean while, had returned to England, 
 was much displeased. 
 
 Thus ended the campaign of 1544, which, at 
 its commencement, bore such a threatening 
 appearance to the welfare of France. But the 
 jealousies and mutual want of faith in the allied 
 sovereigns saved that country from imminent 
 peril. Had they, instead of delaying to undertake 
 the sieges of unimportant towns, pushed on 
 towards Paris, as they had originally agreed to do, 
 and there joined their forces, they might, without 
 difficulty, have penetrated into the heart of the 
 kingdom, and acquired most important advantages, 
 if they had not entirely overthrown the French 
 monarchy. 
 
 In the month of October a fleet was fitted out, 
 
.1545.] THE FLEET DISPERSED BY A STORM. xliii 
 
 under the command of Sir Thomas Seymour, for 
 the protection of the Channel and the EngHsh 
 coasts. It sailed from the mouth of the Orwell, 
 near Harwich, on the 3rd of November, and pro- 
 ceeded to Dover. On the 6th, in consequence of a 
 strong wind, it was obliged to leave that place and 
 proceed to the coast of France. At that time, 
 seventeen ships of the French fleet lay at Dieppe, 
 and the same number in the mouth of the Seine. 
 Seymour's object was to sail along the French coast, 
 in the hope of coming to an engagement with 
 some of these ships, or, at aU events, falhng in 
 with some fishing vessels. Such a violent storm, 
 however, arose, that for the safety of the fleet, the 
 English were obliged to put to sea, and with 
 difficulty, on the night of the following day, some 
 of the ships reached the Isle of Wight, having had 
 all their boats carried away by the tempest. One 
 ship was wrecked on the isle, and 259 persons out 
 of 300, were drowned. Sir Henry Seymour, the 
 admiral's brother, stood out to sea, but, on the 
 next day, his ship was driven on a rock at Dart- 
 miouth and went to pieces. Seymour incurred the 
 king's displeasure, because he had not effected 
 more ; but he urged that he had done his best in 
 the difficulties which beset him, and had only 
 faUed in consequence of the weather, which he 
 quaintly begged might be blamed and himself 
 excused. 
 
 During the autumn and winter negotiations 
 
xliv THE FRENCH ATTACK THE ISLE OF WIGHT. [1545, 
 
 were being carried on with a view to peace, but 
 without success. In the spring hostihties recom- 
 menced at an early period. In the beginning of 
 the year the Marshal de Biez, with 14,000 men, 
 encamped on a little creek, about half a mile from 
 Boulogne, with the intention of erecting a fort, 
 which would command the harbour, The Earl of 
 Hertford, however, who was then governor of the 
 town, made a sortie, and compelled him to retire. 
 
 Francis also fitted out a very large fleet, with 
 which he hoped to command the Channel and 
 blockade Boulogne and Calais, which being also 
 closely invested on the land side, he expected soon 
 to reduce. Meanwhile Henry was not idle, an 
 English fleet was prepared and sent to sea, under 
 the command of the Viscount Lisle, Lord High 
 Admiral. About the middle of July the French 
 fleet, under M. de Annebault, admiral of France, 
 sailed from Havre de Gr^ce, and coasting along 
 the English shores arrived at the Isle of Wight. 
 The English fleet went out to meet it, and a well 
 contested struggle ensued until night parted the 
 combatants. The English fleet returned to Ports- 
 mouth, where the ships were laid up in harbour, 
 when the French again made their appearance, and 
 the English being unprepared to offer any effectual 
 resistance, they landed on the Isle of Wight in 
 three places and burnt some villages. They even 
 contemplated taking permanent possession of the 
 island, but, upon consideration, this was deemed 
 
1545.J LOSS OF THE " MARY ROSE." xlv 
 
 impracticable. Having landed on the coast of 
 Sussex, from whence they were beaten oflF after 
 committing some damage, they returned to Bou- 
 logne. The king, who was greatly chafed at 
 being thus bearded, hastened to Portsmouth per- 
 sonally to forward the sailing of the fleet. All 
 being ready, and at the same time the French fleet 
 appearing in sight, the order was given to sail, 
 when the " Mary Rose," one of the finest ships 
 in the English navy, in swinging round, heeled 
 over and sunk in the king's presence. Singularly 
 enough an accident of a similar nature occurred at 
 Havre de Gr4ce, on the sailing of the French 
 fleet, the largest ship being burnt within the view 
 of the King of France. 
 
 This accident delayed the expedition, but about 
 the middle of August the fleet, consisting of 104 
 vessels of all descriptions, sailed from Portsmouth, 
 and immediately fell in with the enemy off the 
 coast of Normandy. A sharp contest took place 
 between the smaller vessels on each side, which 
 lasted two days. On the second night, the fleets 
 came to anchor a little more than a mile apart. 
 The Lord Admiral intended on the following 
 morning to have commenced a general action, and 
 all were looking forward with intense excitement 
 to the event, but when daylight appeared the 
 enemy had vanished ; the masts of their ships only 
 could be discerned from the main top. They 
 returned to their own harbours and were seen no 
 
Xlvi THE ENGLISH DESTROY TREPORT. [1545. 
 
 more. Thus ended one of the greatest naval 
 efforts France has ever made. 
 
 On the 3rd of September, the Lord Admiral 
 attacked and burnt the town of Treport, with 
 eighteen or twenty sail of shipping in the harbour, 
 and returned again to Portsmouth. Shortly after- 
 wards the plague broke out with great virulence 
 in the English navy. On the day after the attack 
 on Treport, there were found upon muster 12,000 
 men; on the 13th, the number had been reduced 
 to 8,488 whole and able men, so that within the 
 interval of ten days 3,512 were dead and dismissed. 
 The ship commanded by Sir Peter Carew was one 
 of those that suffered most. 
 
 The chief object of the King of France, during 
 this season, was, however, the reco\ ery of Bou- 
 logne. For this purpose, early in June, he sent 
 large reinforcements to Marshal de Biez, with 
 orders for him to complete the fort, which, earlier 
 in the year, he had been compelled to leave 
 unfinished. This army consisted of 40,000 men, 
 beside 1,200 Lanzknechts, who had been raised 
 in Germany. Some severe skirmishes occurred, in 
 one of which the Duke d'Aumale, afterwards the 
 Duke of Guise, was wounded by a lance in the 
 head ; the weapon, entering at the comer of the 
 eye, came out at the back of the head. This ter- 
 rible wound was, of course, considered mortal, but 
 through the great skill of one of the royal sur- 
 geons, he recovered. 
 
1547.] DEATH OF HENRY AND FRANCIS. xlvii 
 
 The campaign on the part of the French was 
 eminently unsuccessful, and on the 7th of June, in 
 the following year, a treaty of peace was con- 
 cluded, in which it was agreed that Henry should 
 retain peaceable possession of the town and har- 
 bour of Boulogne, unless within eight years it 
 were redeemed by the payment of 600,000 livres. 
 
 In the year 1547, both Henry and Francis 
 died, and Charles had no further check in pursuing 
 his ambitious designs in Italy. 
 
 Kang Edward VI succeeded his father on the 
 28th of January, 1547, at the age of 9 years. His 
 maternal uncle, Edward Seymour, earl of Hert- 
 ford, was appointed Protector, and soon afterwards 
 created Duke of Somerset. Henry VIII, before 
 his death, had strictly enjoined his executors, and 
 the Lords of the Council, to use every endeavour 
 to bring into effect the marriage of Edward ^dth 
 the young Queen of Scotland, which had been 
 agreed upon between Henry and the Regent and 
 Parliament of Scotland, but broken off through 
 the intrigues of the King of France. As soon, 
 therefore, as the Duke of Somerset was settled in 
 his high office, he wrote a friendly letter to the 
 Scottish nobihty, reminding them of the treaty 
 they had entered into and confirmed by their oaths, 
 and urging them, for the sake of the happiness 
 and welfare of both nations, to accept the alliance. 
 
 Having failed in persuasion the protector began 
 to threaten and make preparations for war. An 
 
xlviii WAR WITH SCOTLAND. [1547. 
 
 army of invasion was prepared under the chief 
 command of Somerset himself^ with the Viscount 
 Lisle, now Earl of Warwick, as lieutenant-general; 
 ■whilst a fleet was sent forth under Edward Lord 
 Clinton, The army encamped on the borders of 
 Scotland, the fleet lying off at sea. In this threat- 
 ening attitude another attempt "was made to induce 
 the Scots to consent, by offers not only of peace 
 and amity, but of great rewards to all who would 
 favour the marriage. 
 
 In the mean while the Eegent of Scotland had 
 not been idle. He no sooner heard of the assembly 
 of the English army at Berwick than he issued a 
 proclamation calling upon the nobihty and gentry, 
 with their dependents, to march in person to defend 
 their country. The proclamation was instantly 
 and cordially responded to. Even the distant 
 Highland and Island chiefs raised the fiery cross 
 and, with their followers, hastened to join the royal 
 standard at Edinburgh. In less than three weeks 
 Arran had an army of 40,000 men assembled at 
 Musselburgh and furnished with provisions for a 
 month. 
 
 In the beginning of September Somerset 
 entered Scotland and advanced to meet the Scotish 
 army. The enemy's horse were soon found hover- 
 ing about the English, and several sharp skirmishes 
 ensued. When the English general discovered 
 the superiority of the Scots in number he was 
 desirous of retiring, but was urged by his generals 
 
1547.] BATTLE OF PINKET. xlix 
 
 to refrain from an act which would then have been 
 disgrace and ruin. With some degree of irresolu- 
 tion he encamped on an elevated ground, near 
 Pinkey, with the river Esk in front and the Eng- 
 lish fleet lying in Musselburgh Bay, close at hand. 
 The Scots, over confident in their strength, and 
 beheving the English would fly to their ships as 
 soon as they were attacked, advanced in three 
 bodies, armed with pikes eighteen feet in length ; 
 but before the infantry of the two armies came 
 into collision. Lord Grey, who commanded the 
 Enghsh cavalry, witnessing some disorder among 
 a body of Irish auxiliaries whom the Duke of 
 Argyle had brought into the field, made a charge. 
 The ground was difficult and the Scots made a 
 gallant resistance, so that the English horse were 
 thrown into confusion and driven off the field. 
 Somerset, assisted by Sir Kalph Sadler and Sir 
 Ealph Yane, employed himself with diligence and 
 success in rallying the cavalry ; meanwhile the 
 Earl of Warwick, with great judgment and courage, 
 restored the vanguard of the army, which had 
 been thrown into confiision by the retreating 
 cavalry, and led them to the attack. The Scots, 
 at once exposed to clouds of arrows, a galHng fire 
 from the English artiUery on the heights, as weU 
 from the fleet, were compelled to change their 
 ground ; but this manoeuvre being mistaken, the 
 army was thrown into confusion. Being at that 
 moment charged by the Enghsh horse with great 
 
1 BATTLE OP PINKEY. [1547. 
 
 impetuosity, they gave way, and the rout became 
 universal and irretrievable. 
 
 The English cavalry, burning to revenge the 
 disgrace they had received, pursued the defeated 
 foe with inexorable cruelty, so that the whole way 
 between the field and Edinburgh, a distance of 
 five miles, was strewn with the arms and bodies of 
 the slain. On that day, upwards of 10,000 of the 
 Scots fell, a great portion of whom comprised the 
 flower of the nobility and gentry. The English 
 lost not more than 600 men ; among the slain was 
 Lord Grey's eldest son. 
 
 This victory, although so complete, did not prove 
 of any real advantage to the English cause. Had 
 Somerset followed up his success with judgment 
 and moderation he might have attained the most 
 important results ; but, instead of this, the course 
 he pursued frustrated his object. After a few 
 days employed in collecting the spoil, the English 
 took the castles of Hume, Dunglass, Eyemouth, 
 Fastcastle, and Eoxborough, and devastated the 
 country round about ; after which they recrossed 
 the border. Meanwhile, the fleet sought out 
 and destroyed all the shipping along the coast, 
 took Boughty Castle, on the Firth of Forth, and 
 placed a strong garrison in it, who crossed over to 
 Fife, and spoiled a great part of that country with 
 fire and sword. 
 
 About the same time the Earl of Lennox and 
 Lord Wharton entered Scotland by the West 
 
1547.] QUEEN OF SCOTS AND THE DAUPHIN. li 
 
 Marshes, at the head of 5000 men, and having 
 ravaged that district, returned to England. 
 
 These excesses had precisely the contrary effect 
 to what was desired. Instead of the Scots being 
 more inclined to amity, their passions were aroused 
 against those from whom they had experienced 
 such great injuries, and they turned to their 
 ancient and firm ally, the King of France, for 
 assistance in the hour of need. 
 
 Arran's first step, after the fatal overthrow at 
 Pinkey, was to remove the young queen for 
 greater safety from Stirling to Dumbarton Castle. 
 
 Henry II of France was at this time at peace 
 with England ; and Mary of Guise, the queen- 
 mother, represented that without some personal 
 interest in the quarrel, it could scarcely be expected 
 that he would render that assistance which the 
 exigencies of the country required. The Scottish 
 nobles, swayed by passion more than reason, 
 adopted the queen's views, and resolved to pur- 
 chase the assistance of the French king by sacri- 
 ficing their infant sovereign, and the independence 
 of their country. A proposition was accord- 
 ingly made to France to give the young queen in 
 marriage to the dauphin, and, what was still 
 more, to send her immediately to be educated at 
 the French court. Henry gladly accepted these 
 advantageous offers, and immediately set about 
 the preparation of an expedition for securing his 
 newly acquired kingdom. 
 
 E 2 
 
Hi A FRENCH ARMY LANDS IN SCOTLAND. [1548. 
 
 It was not that the Scots did not see the 
 advantages of a match with England, but the 
 arbitrary and offensive manner in which it was 
 originally pressed upon them at a period of great 
 national perplexity, aroused their jealousy and 
 caused them to resist. Again, the violent changes 
 which were effected in matters of religion, rendered 
 the queen-dowager and clergy indisposed to hsten 
 to overtures which would have separated Scotland, 
 as it were, from Christendom. Nevertheless, had 
 Somerset, instead of flying to arms and endeavour- 
 ing to win a bride for his young king by the 
 sword, waited patiently for a while, it is not 
 improbable that the result would have been 
 different. Many of the nobles were well affected to 
 the alliance, and even Huntly pleasantly said, 
 that he disliked not the match, but he hated the 
 manner of wooing. 
 
 In the beginning of 1548, the French king sent 
 a body of 10,000 men into Scotland under the 
 command of Dessie, which roused the drooping 
 spirits of the Scots. Some vigorous assaults were 
 made upon the castles held by the English, several 
 of which were recovered ; but the Scots at length 
 becoming jealous of the designs of their allies, 
 neglected to support them, so that there was not a 
 great deal accomplished. The diversion, however, 
 caused by these proceedings in the north, enabled 
 Henry to prosecute a war in the English territories 
 in France with some success. 
 
1550.] PEACE WITH SCOTLAND AND FRANCE. liii 
 
 In the meantime, while negotiations with 
 France proceeded relative to the queen's marriage 
 with the dauphin, but not without opposition from 
 some of the most independent of the Scottish 
 nobles, who were reluctant to see their country 
 reduced to an appanage of the crown of France, 
 the influence of the queen-mother and the clergy, 
 aided by a considerable distribution of French gold, 
 at last prevailed, and the infant queen was con- 
 veyed to France, where she was soon afterwards 
 betrothed to the dauphin. 
 
 After a vain endeavour to form an alhance with 
 the emperor, who refused to enter into a close con- 
 federacy with a nation which had broken off aU 
 connexion with the Church of Kome, in the year 
 1550 a treaty of peace was entered into with 
 France, in which Scotland was included, and a 
 short time afterwards an agreement was formed for 
 a marriage between Edward and the Princess 
 EUzabeth of France, but the arrangement was 
 never carried into effect. 
 
 The dissensions on account of religion, which 
 at this time unhappily afflicted the country, must 
 now for a brief space claim our notice. During the 
 hfe of Henry, his strong authority, and the influ- 
 ence which his reputed learning gave him, had 
 been sufficient to restrain any violent innovation 
 upon the ancient religion. But no sooner had 
 death removed him from the scene than the more 
 ardent and enthusiastic among the Reformers 
 
liv FIRST ErFECTS OF THE REFORMATION. [1548. 
 
 indulged hopes of more extensive changes, and a 
 closer assimilation of the English Church to the 
 Protestant communities on the continent. Although 
 many of these were, doubtless, most sincere and 
 single-hearted in their aspirations, there were not 
 wanting those among the nobles and parasites of 
 the court, who, hoping to profit by the spoliation 
 of the secular as they had already done by that of 
 the regular clergy, strongly seconded their views. 
 They were, moreover, encouraged in their expecta* 
 tions by the belief that the Protector Somerset 
 had always been a secret partizan, and that now 
 the restraint upon him was removed he would 
 openly adopt their principles. 
 
 The baneful effects of the dissolution of the 
 monastries had been most severely felt, for what- 
 ever abuses existed in those institutions, and they 
 were not few, it is undeniable that they had been 
 great blessings to the poor and the destitute. To 
 them the monks were always, ready to afford shelter 
 and relief in sickness or distress, and the indigent 
 were now driven to frightful extremities throughout 
 the country ; much the same as would now occur 
 were the workhouse and poor laws to be aboHshed. 
 The monks, moreover, were most kind and consi- 
 derate landlords, and, always residing at their 
 monastries, they spent their money among their 
 tenants. But no sooner were the rapacious hands 
 of the nobles laid upon the property of the Church 
 than far higher rents were exacted ; commons. 
 
1548.] RELIGIOUS DISCONTENT. Iv 
 
 which had been free to all, enclosed ; and the 
 farmers could find no markets for their produce. 
 
 Hitherto, among the poor and illiterate, the 
 Reformation had been only felt in these respects. 
 To the great body of the people it mattered little 
 whether the Pope or the King were called the 
 supreme head of the Church; but when to the 
 causes of discontent above adverted to, which had 
 been suffered with much impatience, were added 
 innovations in the outward form and ceremonial of 
 religion, in those practices and observances which 
 were most hallowed in the sight of the lower 
 orders, and in which indeed it may be said 
 their religion chiefly consisted, they were easily 
 incited by the Popish party to offer resistance to 
 the progress of reform. 
 
 The Protector had no sooner returned from 
 Scotland than inj unctions were issued for removing 
 images out of churches, prohibiting the use of 
 candles on Candlemas day, ashes on Ash Wed- 
 nesday, and palms on Palm Sunday, for restraining 
 prayers for the dead, and other pious customs which 
 had been hallowed by long observance ; and com- 
 missioners were dispatched into all parts of the 
 kingdom to see that these injunctions were duly 
 executed. Several of the bishops objected to these 
 proceedings, or thought that at least such changes 
 had better be deferred until the king became of 
 age ; for, although they were ready to admit the 
 supremacy of the Mng in matters of religion, they 
 
Ivi CHANTRIES, &C. ABOLISHED. [1548. 
 
 could not recognize it, during his minority, in a 
 council. Hereupon a Parliament was held, in 
 which, after much opposition, as well from Pro- 
 testants as Papists, several colleges, chantries,^ 
 and free chapels, as well as fraternities and guilds, 
 were abolished, and their lands and goods confis- 
 cated to the king ; which, being sold at very small 
 prices, enriched many of the Protestant hangers-on 
 of the Court, and strengthened their resolution to 
 maintain these changes. 
 
 These violent and hasty proceedings endangered 
 not only the peace but the safety of the country. 
 The first disturbances arose in the county of 
 Cornwall, where one Mr. Body, a commissioner, 
 was stabbed in the back whilst pulling down images 
 in a church.^ Thence they quickly spread into the 
 counties of Devon, Wilts, Somerset, Hants, Sussex, 
 Kent, Essex, Gloucester, Hereford, Worcester, 
 Leicester, Oxford, Norfolk, and York. 
 
 In some of these counties great commotions 
 took place, but Lord Grey of Wilton, being sent 
 into Oxfordshire with 1500 horse, and being joined 
 
 ' These foundations were possessed of great wealth, and 
 formed the last remnant of that vast mass of property which 
 was torn from the Church. The chantries were founded for 
 the purpose of saying masses for the dead, and were generally 
 annexed to churches. "We are told that there were not fewer 
 than forty-seven within St. Paul's cathedral, each of which 
 had a separate, and generally a landed, estate. 
 
 ' Hay'ward's Life of Edward VI. 
 
1549.J COMMOTIONS IN THE WEST. Ivii 
 
 by many of the noblemen and gentlemen of tbe 
 county, the insurrection was soon subdued. 
 
 In Devonshire, the disaffection assumed a more 
 serious aspect. The Carews, whose protestantism 
 could be depended upon, and who were known to 
 possess great influence in the county, were sent 
 to suppress the seditious and riotous assemblages. 
 Lord Eussel soon followed them, but the rebellion 
 had attaiued such a head that he feared to attack 
 the malcontents, and remained quietly at Honiton, 
 whilst the insurgents, conscious of the cause of his 
 inaction, acquired greater confidence, and increased 
 daily until they numbered 10,000 able men, con- 
 ducted by Humphry Arundel,^ a gentleman of 
 good family and of some military reputation. They 
 then laid siege to Exeter, but the citizens remained 
 faithful, and shutting the gates refused to hold 
 any communication with them. Some attempts 
 were made to scale the walls, which being repulsed 
 the rebels endeavoured to gain admittance by 
 
 ^ Strype says : The heads and captains of the rebellion in 
 the west were, some few of them, gentlemen inflamed with an 
 ignorant zeal for the old religion, but most of them the dregs 
 of the people, and not a few of them priests. But these, or 
 most of them, when their herds, by the valour and conduct of 
 Lord Eussel were routed, suffered the pains of death. Their 
 names were Arundel, Pomeroy, Coffin, Winslade, Eosogau, 
 Holmes, Bury, Underhil, Soleman, Segar, Boyer, Lee, two 
 Mayors, Pain, Maunder, Ashridge, Thompson, Baret, Bocham, 
 Wolcock, Alsa, Morton, "Welsh, Barrow, Benet, which last- 
 recited nine were priests. — Strype's Memorial, vol. ii. p. 281. 
 
Iviii THE REBELS DEFEATED. [1549. 
 
 burning the gates. The citizens by adding more 
 wood to the fires kept the enemy back until they 
 had raised defences within. After this the insur- 
 gents sought to effect a breach by mining the walls. 
 Having completed their mine, laid their powder 
 and rammed the mouth, the citizens made a coun- 
 termine, which they filled with water, so that the 
 powder, when attempted to be fired would not 
 explode. 
 
 Lord Russel at length attempted to relieve the 
 city, but the rebels cut down trees and laid them 
 in his way, so that he could not approach, and 
 after burning some villages he determined on 
 returning to Honiton. He now found that his 
 retreat had been cut off, for the rebels had taken 
 possession of Feningham Bridge, behind which 
 in a large meadow they were drawn up. Eiissel 
 made an unsuccessful attempt to force the bridge, 
 but, at last, finding the river fordable, he was 
 enabled to cross with a sniaU body of horse, which 
 the rebels, who defended the bridge, seeing, they 
 retreated to the main body. The king's forces 
 now charged them in the meadow, and, notwith- 
 standing their inferiority in numbers, routed them 
 with a loss of 600 men. 
 
 In the mean time,, the city of Exeter was 
 reduced to a state of great distress. The inha- 
 bitants were obliged to make bread of the coarsest 
 bran moulded in cloths, as it would not otherwise 
 hold together. Their flesh was that of their own 
 
1 549. J THE REBELS DEFEATED. lix 
 
 horses. For twelve days they endured the utter- 
 most famine. Lord Russel could render no 
 assistance, and was about to return to London, 
 but, at this crisis, succours arrived under Lord 
 Grey amounting to about 1000 men. The royal 
 army was now in a position to attack the rebels 
 and marched from Honiton towards Exeter, but 
 found the road blocked and defended by two earth- 
 works, which were supported with no Kttle skiU. 
 After a sharp contest these works were taken and 
 the rebels defeated with a loss of 900 men. 
 
 Notwithstanding this discouragement 2000 
 men intercepted the king's troops the next day in 
 the high way, but immediately retreated. The 
 same night they raised the siege of Exeter,^ and 
 soon afterwards the remainder were utterly routed 
 on Chfton Heath, and the greater part either killed 
 or made prisoners. 
 
 It is too frequently the case that insurrections 
 of this kind provoke deplorable cruelties. The 
 present occasion was no exception. Sir Anthony 
 Kingston, provost-marshal of the king's army, 
 was most inhuman in his executions. One 
 
 ' In one of Hooker's MS. volumes, in the possession of the 
 Town Council of Exeter, under the date of 1549, is this 
 entry • " In the last quarter of this mayors mayrolty was the 
 commocions yn Devon and this (citie) beseged by the Com- 
 mons of the Counties of Devon and Cornwall. The seig 
 began the laste of June 1549 and contynued untyll the 
 6 August then following." 
 
Ix THE MAYOR OP BODMIN HANGED. [1549. 
 
 instance may be mentioned. Nicholas Boyer, 
 mayor of Bodmin, had been observed among the 
 rebels ; but, like many others, accompanied them 
 by absolute constraint. The provost wrote to him 
 announcing his intention of dining with him on a 
 certain day. The mayor felt highly honoured at 
 such a mark of condescension, and made great 
 preparations to receive his guest with becoming 
 hospitality. A little before dinner, the provost 
 took him aside and whispered in his ear that exe- 
 cution must that day be done in the town, and 
 desired that a gallows might be erected by the 
 time that dinner was ended. The mayor compHed 
 with the request, and when dinner was over, the 
 provost asked if the work were completed, and 
 received the reply that all was ready. " I pray 
 you," said the provost, " bring me to the place," 
 and therewith took him friendly by the hand. On 
 seeing the gallows, he asked the mayor whether 
 he thought them strong enough. "Yes," said 
 the mayor, "doubtless they are." "Well, 
 then," replied the provost, " get up speedUy, for 
 they are prepared for you." " I hope," answered 
 the mayor, " you mean not as you speak." " In 
 faith," said the provost, " there is no remedy, for 
 you have been a busy rebel. "^ And so, without 
 trial or defence, he was hung before his own door 
 by the man who had just dined at his table. 
 
 ' Hayward's Life of Edward. 
 
1549.] REBELLION IN NORFOLK. Ixi 
 
 Several other instances of a similar nature are 
 related.^ 
 
 The insurrection in Norfolk became stUl more 
 alarming. The rebels amounted to 20,000 men, 
 whilst it was believed that the city of Norwich 
 secretly, if not ostensibly, was well affected towards 
 them. In addition to the discontent on the sub- 
 ject of religion and the enclosures, there was a 
 strong hostility evinced in this district towards the 
 gentry, the suppression of which order, the rebels 
 
 ' Strype mentions that " wten this rebellion was well 
 allayed it was remembered how the bells in the churches 
 served, by ringing, to summon and call in the disaffected unto 
 their arms. Therefore in September an order was sent down 
 from the Council to the Lord Eussel, to execute a work that 
 proved, no doubt highly disgustful to the people : viz. to take 
 away all the bells in Devonshire and Cornwall, leaving one 
 only in each steeple, which was to call the people to church. 
 And this partly to prevent the like insurrection for the future, 
 and partly to help to defray the charges the king had been at 
 among them." Strype prints the letter of the Council, and 
 states that "two gentlemen of those parts Champion and 
 Chichester, assistant perhaps against the rebells, took this 
 opportunity to 'get themselves rewarded, by begging, not 
 the bells, but the bell clappers only. Which was granted them, 
 with the ironwork and furniture thereunto belonging. And no 
 question they made good benefit thereof." We do not find 
 any gentleman of the name of " Champion " mentioned in 
 connexion with this insurrection. Possibly Sir Arthur 
 Champernon and Sir John Chichester are meant. The bells, 
 however, were certainly never removed, and it is not unlikely 
 that the gentlemen referred to solicited and obtained a grant of 
 the clappers for the express purpose of keeping them iu their 
 places. — Strype's Memorial, vol. ii. pp. 270, 271. 
 
Ixii REBELLION IN NORFOLK. [1549. 
 
 demanded. One Kets, a tanner/ assumed a sort 
 of governorsMp over them, and erected a tribunal 
 under an oak on Mouseliold hill, -which they called 
 the "Oak of Reformation." He here affected 
 some sort of regularity, having appointed a chap- 
 lain, who said morning and evening prayers, and 
 preached long sermons. At this tribunal, com- 
 plaints were exhibited, and mandates issued, under 
 which many innocent persons were torn from their 
 homes, cast into prison, and otherwise cruelly 
 treated. Kets also had the audacity to issue 
 warrants in the king's name, for the issue of Ord- 
 nance and munitions of war, out of his majesty's 
 stores. The Lord Protector, who courted popu- 
 larity, was reluctant to take severe measures 
 against the insurgents, and endeavoured to 
 appease them by concessions ; but, as is always 
 the case in such circumstances, a compliance with 
 one demand only entailed another. 
 
 At length, the Marquis of Northampton, ac- 
 companied by Lord ' Sheffield, Lord Wentworth, 
 and many knights and gentlemen, was sent with 
 1,500 horse, to subdue the insurrection. He 
 
 • Strype says that " this man though said to be a tanner 
 was wealthy and well landed for I find these several manors 
 belonged to him and forfeited to the king; viz., the manor of 
 Melior's-haU, the manors of Lether's-hall and G-unvil's manor, 
 in the county of Norfolk, which in King Edward's Book of 
 Sales, is said to be parcel of the possessions of Eobert Ket, 
 lately attainted of treason. — Strype's Memorial, vol. ii. p. 271. 
 
1549,] REBELLION SUPPRESSED. Ixiii 
 
 entered the city of Norwich without opposition ; 
 but, in the night, was furiously assailed by the 
 rebels, and a most intense struggle, lasting three 
 hours, took place. The rebels behaved with a 
 courage and resolution, which, in a better cause, 
 would have done them great honour. Some of 
 them, when so severely wounded as to be scarcely 
 able to hold their weapons, continued to fight, and 
 others, when thrust through with a spear, would 
 run further on it in order to reach their assailants. 
 At length they were beaten back with a loss of 
 300 men. 
 
 On the following morning the attack was 
 renewed in greater strength. The rebels forced 
 their way into the city, and drove out the king's 
 forces with heavy loss. The Lord Shefiield's horse 
 having fallen with him in the melee, he pulled off 
 his helmet to show who he was, but a butcher 
 instantly killed him with a club. The Earl of 
 Warwick was now sent against them at the head 
 of a force of 6000 men, destined for the Scottish 
 wars. After some skirmishes, to try the strength 
 and courage of his troops, he attacked the main 
 body which was utterly routed, and chased three 
 miles, with a loss of upwards of 3000 men. Kets 
 was taken and executed at ]S"orwich. His brother 
 shared the same fate, being hung on the steeple of 
 Wymondham Church, whilst nine of his principal 
 followers adorned the boughs of the Oak of 
 Reformation. 
 
Ixiv FACTIONS IN THE COUNCIL. [1548. 
 
 Factions and cabals disturbed the country 
 during the remainder of Edward's reign. Thomas 
 Lord Seymour, Lord High Admiral, brother of 
 the Protector, immediately upon the death of 
 Henry VIII, had married his widow Queen 
 Katherine Parr, by which marriage he attained 
 great wealth. It is said that this match provoked 
 the jealousy of the Duchess of Somerset, who was 
 greatly annoyed that the wife of the younger 
 brother should take precedence of the elder, who 
 was the wife of the Lord Protector of England, 
 and she, consequently fomented quarrels between 
 the brothers. However this may be, whilst Som- 
 erset was engaged in the expedition to Scotland, 
 the admiral was employed in raising a party 
 against him at home; and even endeavoured to 
 draw from him the affections of the young king. 
 To accomplish the former, he had not much diflS- 
 culty, as Somerset's love of popularity had induced 
 him to court the lower classes to the neglect of the 
 nobility, who ascribed all the insults they had 
 lately received to his irresolution at the beginning 
 of the disturbances. In the latter also, he was 
 not unsuccessful. The dissensions between the 
 brothers were aggravated by Dudley Earl of 
 Warwick, a man of great subtlety and abUity, who 
 ambitiously looked forward to supplanting them 
 both. When the Protector found that the public 
 safety was endangered by his brother's seditious 
 conduct, he was easily prevailed upon by Warwick 
 
1549.] THE LORD ADMIRAL EXECUTED. IxV 
 
 to employ the extent of the royal authority against 
 him, deprive him of his office, and commit him to 
 the Tower, He was still, however, very unwilling 
 to proceed to extremities, and made overtures of 
 reconciliation, which the other rejecting, he was 
 brought to trial before the Parliament, and found 
 guilty of high treason, for which he was con- 
 demned, and brought to the block. 
 
 Warwick, having removed the more enter- 
 prising and able of the brothers, determined upon 
 the destruction of the other, and, accordingly, 
 raised a party in the council against him. The 
 Protector had laid himself open to censure by the 
 course he had pursued. Having obtained a patent 
 conferring upon himself regal authority, he not 
 only neglected the advice of the council, and 
 governed every thing by his own imperious will ; 
 but too often treated with unseemly contempt, 
 those of the Councillors who differed from him in 
 opinion.^ 
 
 The Earl of Warwick, with the faction of the 
 
 ' Among the State Papers are two letters from Sir "William 
 Paget to Somerset. In the first, dated the 8th of May, 1549, 
 he remonstrates with him on his angry and snappish conduct 
 towards those of the council who differ from him, or venture 
 to express their own sentiments, and gives him excellent 
 advice. In the second, dated the 7th of July, he expostulates 
 with him at great length on his system of government, pointing 
 out the ill effects and the consequences which would arise, and 
 advising him at the same time as to the course he ought to 
 pursue. 
 
Ixvi SOMERSET DISGEACED. [1549. 
 
 council adhering to him, met at Ely House, and, 
 assuming the functions of the whole body, began 
 to act independently of the Protector, and wrote 
 letters to the nobility and gentry, informing them 
 of the measures they had deemed it necessary to 
 adopt, and requiring their assistance. The Protector, 
 who was then with the king at Hampton Court, 
 hearing of these proceedings, induced Edward, 
 on the 1st of October, to issue a proclamation, 
 calling upon all his loving subjects to repair to 
 that place, to defend him and the Lord Protector. 
 He then hastily removed the king to Windsor, 
 and made preparations for resistance. From the 
 latter place the king wrote to Lord Eussel and 
 Sir Wilham Herbert, urging them to hasten in 
 his defence, and stating that the conspirators 
 report that Somerset has sold Boulogne. Somer- 
 set, however, soon found that he was deserted by 
 all persons of rank, and accordingly submitted 
 upon the condition that he should receive gentle 
 treatment. He was immediately deprived of all 
 his great offices and sent to the Tower, with 
 instructions to the constable to suffer no one to 
 speak with him, or the other prisoners who were 
 committed at the same time, nor were their 
 servants to be allowed to go abroad. Somerset, 
 however, was soon restored to favour, his fines 
 remitted, and his lands restored.^ The reconcilia- 
 
 ' He was restored to the council on the lOfch of April, 
 1550. 
 
1549.] THE REFORMATION PROCEEDS. Ixvii 
 
 tion with "Warwick was sealed by the marriage 
 between the Lord Lisle, son of that nobleman, 
 and the Lady Jane Seymour, the duke's daughter. 
 
 "Warwick had now paramount authority in 
 the council, and was acknowledged by all as 
 master. All those who adhered to him in the late 
 struggle for power, received honours and rewards, 
 with the exception of the Earls of Southampton 
 and Arundel, who were both dismissed from the 
 council. The former nobleman was regarded as 
 the leader of the Romanists, and, in the then 
 state of parties, appeared a dangerous rival. He 
 soon died from disappointment and vexation. A 
 council of regency was now formed, consisting 
 not of those who had been appointed under King 
 Henry's will and sanctioned by Parliament, but 
 chiefly composed of persons who had been placed 
 in the council by Somerset, under an authority 
 which was now declared usurped and illegal. 
 
 This revolution at first gave great hopes to the 
 Romanists. Warwick was believed to be indif- 
 ferent on the subject of religion, but the ^Earls of 
 Southampton and Arundel, the other chief movers, 
 were conscientious and strong supporters of the 
 ancient faith. Warwick, however, knowing that 
 the young king's mind was too deeply imbued with 
 the new doctrines to be easily changed, was not 
 desirous of hazarding his newly acquired authority 
 by any attempts which would bring upon him the 
 opposition of the nobility, whose temporal inte- 
 
 F 2 
 
Ixviii DANGEB, OF THE PRINCESS MART. [1549. 
 
 rests were bound up witti the success of Protes- 
 tantism. He, therefore, took an early opportunity 
 of intimating his intention of supporting the 
 reformation, and some strong, though ineffectual, 
 measures, were resorted to, to induce the Princess 
 Mary, who was one of the few that remained faithful 
 to the creed in which she had been educated, to 
 abandon the religion of her fathers. At one period 
 she was in imminent danger, but her resolution, and 
 the influence and fear of her cousin, the Emperor 
 Charles V, who interfered in her behalf, deterred 
 the council from proceeding to the last extremity. 
 The last Earl of Northumberland having died 
 without issue, and his brother, Sir Thomas Percy, 
 having been attainted for the share he took in the 
 rebellion in Yorkshire during the last reign, that 
 ancient title was now extinct, and the vast posses- 
 sions of the family were in the hands of the king. 
 Warwick obtained the grant of these to himself, 
 with the title of Duke of Northumberland, and 
 his chief friends received similar marks of favour. 
 Pawlet Lord St. John, who in 1549, had been 
 created Earl of Wiltshire, was made Marquis of 
 Winchester; William Lord Herbert of Cardiff, 
 Earl of Pembroke; Henry Grey Marquis of 
 Dorset, Duke of Suffolk; Sir Thomas Darcy 
 Vice Chamberlain and Captain of the Guard, Lord 
 Darcy of Chiche; and many others received 
 the honour of knighthood, among whom was 
 Northumberland's son, Robert Dudley, who after- 
 
1651-2.] SOMERSET EXECUTED. Ixix 
 
 wards became the celebrated favourite of Queen 
 Elizabetb, 
 
 These new honours were not, however, suffi- 
 cient to satisfy the insatiable ambition of North- 
 umberland, nor restrain his haughty hopes from 
 aspiring to absolute command. The Duke of 
 Somerset, who, notwithstanding his disgrace, was 
 much beloved and revered by the people, still 
 stood in his way, and, disregarding the close con- 
 nexion which existed between the families, or 
 rather, using it to eflFect his purpose, he determined 
 upon his destruction. By corrupting his domestics, 
 and placing them as spies about his person, he was 
 enabled to trump up some frivolous charges against 
 the unfortunate nobleman, upon which he was con- 
 demned and executed amid great crowds of spec- 
 tators who deeply sympathized in his misfortunes 
 and dipped their handkerchiefs in his blood to 
 preserve as memorials of him. The people loved 
 him the more on account of the persecutions he 
 endured from Northumberland, whom they hated. 
 
 In the following year the king's health began 
 to fail and Northumberland's ambition took a still 
 higher flight. The king's sisters, Mary and Eliza- 
 beth, had both been declared illegitimate by Act 
 of Parliament, though Henry VIII in his will 
 had given them places in the succession. Upon 
 specious pretexts, however, Northumberland pre- 
 vailed upon the king to issue letters patent dated 
 the 2 1st of June, 1553, settling the crown upon the 
 
IXX DEATH OP EDWARD VI. [1553. 
 
 Lady Jane, eldest daughter of Henry Grey, duke 
 of Suffolk, by Frances, daughter of Mary, second 
 daughter of King Henry VII, by Charles Brandon, 
 duke of Suffolk, which letters were afterwards sub- 
 scribed by all the privy council. The Lady Jane 
 had not the slightest title to the crown, for, inde- 
 pendently of the Princesses Mary and Ehzabeth, 
 she was excluded from the succession by the issue 
 of Margaret, eldest daughter of King Heniy VII, 
 and also by her owq mother the Duchess of Suf- 
 folk, who was then alive. As soon as Northum- 
 berland had induced the king to assent to this 
 suggestion he obtained the Lady Jane in marriage 
 for his fourth son, the Lord Guildford Dudley, 
 and strengthened himself by several other power- 
 ful alliances. 
 
 On the 6th of July, 1553, the king died in the 
 seventeenth year of his age and seventh of his 
 reign, leaving the way open for the further pro- 
 secution of Northumberland's ambitious designs. 
 
 The story of Lady Jane Grey is too weU known 
 to need recital. Her learning, her piety, her gen- 
 tleness, and the pain and reluctance with which 
 she yielded to the wishes of her ambitious parents 
 and husband in accepting the regal dignity, as 
 well as her subsequent misfortunes, make her case 
 one of the most affecting incidents in EngHsh 
 histor}f. 
 
 Mary, as soon as she heard of her brother's 
 death, hastened from Bury St. Edmunds, where 
 
1553.] ACCESSION OF QUEEN MARY. Ixxi 
 
 she then resided, to Framlingham Castle in Suf- 
 folk, that she might easily escape to France should 
 the emergency of her affairs require it. Her claims 
 were universally acknowledged, and the counties of 
 Norfolk and Suffolk unhesitatingly took the oaths 
 to her. The council was alarmed, and resolved to 
 raise forces with all possible speed. It was at first 
 intended that the Duke of Suffolk should be placed 
 in command, but those of the council who were 
 favourable to Mary influenced the new queen to 
 keep her father near her person in this emergency, 
 and send the Duke of Northumberland on this 
 expedition. That nobleman undertook the charge 
 with undisguised reluctance, and marched from 
 London on the 13th of July at the head of 6000 men. 
 Great crowds assembled to witness the march of 
 the army, and it was observable that not a cry was 
 raised indicating a wish of success. The army soon 
 began to melt away by desertion. 
 
 In the mean time the lords of the council, 
 under the pretence of concerting measures for the 
 support of Jane's cause, had quitted the Tower, 
 and feeling unfettered, they sent for the lord 
 mayor and aldermen, and immediately proclaimed 
 Mary queen, at Cheapside. As soon as the Duke 
 of Suffolk heard this he saw all was lost, and 
 advised his daughter to lay aside her royalty and 
 bear her misfortune with patience. Jane joyfully 
 embraced the opportunity of yielding up that 
 crown which she had received with so much re- 
 
Ixxii NORTHUMBERLAND EXECUTED. [1553. 
 
 luctance, in obedience to the will of others, and 
 the ten days' pageant ended. Suffolk hastened 
 to the council, and subscribed their decree, and 
 on the 19th of July, "it was proclaimed amid 
 such rejoicing of the people, that after the name 
 of Mary was read not a word more could be 
 heard."! 
 
 Northumberland, meanwhile, hearing of the 
 revolution which had taken place, proclaimed 
 Queen Mary at Cambridge, with such affectation 
 of joy that he flung his hat into the air, and 
 immediately disbanded his army. He was, how- ' 
 ever, made prisoner, brought to trial, condemned, 
 and, on the 22nd of August, executed. His two 
 sons, the Lords Ambrose and Guildford Dudley, 
 the unfortunate Lady Jane, and Cranmer, arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury, were afterwards also con- 
 demned, but on this occasion were reprieved and 
 had hopes of a pardon. 
 
 Mary, as might have been expected, imme- 
 diately took measures for restoring the supremacy 
 of the Pope, and recalled her cousin. Cardinal 
 Pole, from Kome, to assist her with his advice 
 and council. She experienced, however, no diffi- 
 culties. It is remarkable with what facility people 
 in those days changed their faith ; the queen her- 
 self appears to have been almost the only one who 
 experienced any difficulty on that score, and, how- 
 ever much we may differ from her views, we cannot 
 ' Bishop G-odwin's Life and Eeigti of Queen Mary. 
 
1554. J SIR THOMAS WYATt's REBELLION. Ixxiii 
 
 but admire her zeal and constancy. Some of tlie 
 bishops were changed, and things went on as 
 before. 
 
 A subject, however, soon arose which involved 
 the nation in the calamity of another rebellion. 
 In the first year of Mary's reign articles of agree- 
 ment were entered into for a marriage beween her 
 majesty and her cousin Philip Prince of Spain, 
 son of the emperor Charles V. This match was 
 greatly disliked by the whole English nation, both 
 Romanists and English churchmen ; for Philip 
 was of a cruel and gloomy temper, and was, more- 
 over, very unpopular, on account of the prejudice 
 at this time entertained by the English against 
 the Spaniards. 
 
 The whole country was in a ferment, and a 
 leader only was wanted to produce a general revolt. 
 Sir Thomas Wyatt stepped forward, and having 
 consulted with the Duke of Suffolk and Sir Peter 
 Carew, relative to the restoration of the Lady 
 Jane, it was considered desirable to defer any 
 attempt until Philip's arrival, so that it might 
 appear that they had taken up arms only to 
 liberate the nation from an odious and foreign 
 yoke. After this decision they retired to their 
 respective counties. 
 
 The proceedings of Sir Peter Carew in Devon- 
 shire were discovered, and he was obliged to fly 
 into France. This brought the whole design pre- 
 maturely to light ; but Sir Thomas Wyatt, when 
 
Ixxiv DEFECTION OF SIB, GEORGE HARPER, [1554. 
 
 he found he had nothing but his own courage to 
 depend upon, raised his forces and took possession 
 of Rochester. 
 
 The news of this insurrection reached the 
 court on the 26th of January (1554), and the Duke 
 of Norfolk was immediately dispatched, at the 
 head of a small body of troops, to suppress it. 
 The next day 500 men were raised in the city, 
 and sent down to Gravesend to join him. With 
 these he resolved to attack Wyatt who had his 
 head quarters in the old castle of Rochester, and 
 held possession of the bridge over the Medway, 
 which he had defended with some brass guns. 
 Norfolk sent a herald to proclaim the queen's 
 pardon to all who would lay down their arms, but 
 all refiised. Sir George Harper, however, feigned 
 submission with a view of corrupting Brett who 
 commanded the 500 Londoners above mentioned. 
 In this he was successJnl, for before the two 
 armies came in contact, Brett, drawing his sword, 
 addi'essed his men, beseeching them to consider 
 what they were about to do, and urging upon them 
 that those whom they regarded as rebels were 
 their friends and countrymen, who had only taken 
 up ai-ms to defend the glory of the Enghsh nation, 
 and preserve them from Spanish pride and cruelty. 
 He then declared his own resolution to seek his 
 fortune with the noble Wyatt, and begged them 
 to follow his example. He had scarcely finished 
 his speech Avhen they all cried out "a Wyatt," "a 
 
1553,] DEFEAT OF THE REBELS. IxXV 
 
 Wyatt," and turned their arms upon their former 
 comrades. 
 
 Norfolk being deserted by his troops, was 
 obliged to fly, whilst Wyatt seized eight brass guns 
 and all Norfolk's baggage. Elated with this 
 success, he resolved immediately to march on 
 London. 
 
 Wyatt expected to receive instant admission 
 to the city, but found the bridge defended against 
 him. After waiting two days in Southwark, in 
 the hope that those in the city who favoured his 
 designs would make some effort to assist him, he 
 marched to Kingston with the intention of crossing 
 the Thames, but found the bridge destroyed. It 
 was repaired with great diligence, and in the 
 evening his army crossed the river. In the hope 
 of reaching London before the break of day he 
 hastily marched forward, but one of his guns 
 having been disabled on the march, he, ill-advisedly, 
 remained to repair it, which detained him some 
 hours. In consequence of this delay his friends 
 in London, who were expecting his arrival, became 
 alarmed, deserted their colours, and gave infor- 
 mation of the conspiracy. 
 
 The queen was in great consternation at this 
 discovery, and hastily raised some forces which 
 were placed under the command of the Earl of 
 Pembroke. Wyatt, hearing of this, slackened his 
 march, so that he reached the suburbs about noon, 
 and leaving most of his army, with his artillery, on 
 
Ixxvi MARRIAGE 01" MARY AND PHILIP. [1553. 
 
 a hill beyond St. James, he entered London. At 
 Charing Cross his passage was disputed by Sir 
 John Gage in command of the Guards, who were 
 driven in disorder to the court. Wyatt continued 
 his march towards the city, but found the gates 
 shut against him. He then endeavoured to return, 
 but his httle band being surrounded by the Earl 
 of Pembroke's horse, he was persuaded to sur- 
 render. 
 
 Meanwhile the Duke of Suffolk had made an 
 unsuccessful attempt to raise some forces, and 
 being betrayed to the Earl of Huntingdon by a 
 servant, in whom he confided, he was committed 
 to the Tower, and afterwards executed. The inno- 
 cent victim of his ambition, and her husband. Lord 
 Guildford Dudley, shared the same fate, but the 
 queen was very reluctant to take this step, and 
 was only induced to sign the warrant upon the 
 representations of the council that there would be 
 no safety for the kingdom so long as her life was 
 spared. Wyatt and his accomplices also suffered 
 shortly afterwards. 
 
 Philip of Spain landed at Southampton on the 
 20th of July, 1554. Mary met him at Winchester, 
 where they were married on the 25th. He was 
 declared King Consort of England, and his name 
 added to hers on the coins, &c. The conditions of 
 the marriage were : that she should have the dis- 
 posal of all offices and revenues in her own king- 
 dom ; that if she had a son he should enjoy 
 
1554.] POPERY RESTORED. Ixxvii 
 
 England, Burgundy, and the Netherlands; and 
 in case Charles, the son of PhiHp by Mary of 
 Portugal, his former wife, to whom Spain and 
 the Italian provinces were allotted, died without 
 issue, he was to inherit the whole Spanish succes- 
 sion. 
 
 Tn the autumn of this year, Cardinal Pole 
 arrived from Rome, bearing the Legative autho- 
 rity to settle the ecclesiastical affairs of the country, 
 and soon afterwards the Pope's supremacy was 
 formally restored. The persecutions on account 
 of religion now commenced. Cardinal Pole was 
 himself no persecutor. He was of a mild and 
 gentle disposition, and beheld with reluctance the 
 cruelties which others perpetrated, but, as these 
 measures were in accordance with the laws of the 
 Church, he made no effort to prevent them. 
 Several bishops were deprived, and others, who 
 had suffered the same fate in the preceding reign, 
 reinstated. Latimer and Ridley were burnt at 
 the same time, at Oxford, as was also Cranmer a 
 few months later. Hooper suffered at Gloucester, 
 his own cathedral town. Many others were put 
 to death in the same way. The Princess Elizabeth 
 was in great danger, and was only saved by the 
 interposition of King Phihp in her favour. 
 
 On the day that Cranmer ended his life. Car- 
 dinal Pole received sacerdotal consecration at 
 Greenwich, for he was not yet in holy orders, and 
 three days afterwards, was appointed Archbishop 
 
Ixxviii 1>H1LIP BECOMES KING OP SPAIN. [1555. 
 
 of Canterbury. His chief concern, in conjunction 
 with the queen, was to obtain restitution of the 
 vast amount of property which had been wrested 
 from the Church, but this being chiefly in the 
 hands of the most powerful nobles; very great 
 difficulties attended it, and neither of them lived 
 long enough to accomplish the design. 
 
 On the 25th of October, 1555, the emperor, 
 Charles V, although still in the vigour of his 
 age, from a disgust to the world, determined to 
 resign his dominions to his son Phihp, and in the 
 tranquillity of retreat seek for that happiness which 
 he had in vain pursued amidst the tumults of war, 
 and the projects of ambition. Philip thus became 
 Eang of Spain, where he chiefly resided, leaving 
 Mary, who seems to have been devotedly attached 
 to him, to lead a melancholy and lonely life in 
 England. 
 
 It had been stipulated among other conditions 
 in the marriage contract, that England should not 
 be involved in Philip's wars with France ; but he, 
 constantly required his wife to supply him with 
 large sums of money, which, in the exhausted 
 state of the English exchequer, it was very difficult 
 to furnish ; so that the queen was obliged to have 
 recourse to all kinds of exactions to supply his 
 demands, and thus alienated from herself the afiec- 
 tions of her people. At length, however, in the 
 year 1557, the queen's importunity prevailed, war 
 was declared against France, and preparations 
 
1557.] WAR WITH FRANCE. Ixxix 
 
 made for invading that kingdom. A body of 
 10,000 men was sent to the Low Countries under 
 the command of the Earl of Pembroke. He 
 joined PhiUp's army, which was besieging St. 
 Quintin, in Picardy. The French, having on the 
 10th of August attempted to throw succours into 
 the town, were completely defeated, with a loss of 
 upwards of 2,500 men kiUed, and many of high 
 rank made prisoners, among whom were Mont- 
 morency, Constable of France, and his son. On 
 the 18 th, the town was taken by storm, and all 
 that were in it either killed or made prisoners. 
 Among the latter was the Admiral Coligny the 
 governor, who had so bravely defended the place. 
 The English contributed greatly to these victories. 
 This furnished Henry with a pretext for at- 
 tacking Calais. This place had cost Edward III a 
 siege of eleven months with the brave army that 
 afterwards won the Battle of Cressy, and it was 
 now deemed impregnable. It was surrounded 
 with marshes, which, during the winter, were 
 impassable, except by a narrow causeway, guarded 
 by two castles. In consequence of the lowness of 
 the English finances they had for some time, in 
 order to avoid expense, been in the habit of with- 
 drawing a large portion of the garrison. This 
 being known to Coligny, he determined to attack 
 the town with a strong force in the middle of 
 winter. The English were unable to offer an 
 effectual resistance, and in eight days this im- 
 
IXXX CALAIS LOST.— DEATH OF MARY. [1558. 
 
 portant fortress fell into the hands of the French ; 
 so that of the mighty domains which formerly- 
 belonged to the kings of England beyond their 
 own shores^ all was lost except the four httle 
 islands in the channel, which formed part of the 
 Duchy of Normandy. The queen was greatly 
 afflicted by this misfortune, and declared that 
 when she died " Calais" would be found written 
 on her heart. Her health, from this time, rapidly 
 declined, and on the 17th of ISTovember, 1558, she 
 expired, in the forty-second year of her age and 
 sixth of her reign. Cardinal Pole survived her 
 only twenty-two days. They lived in the utmost 
 harmony and affection, and during their iUness 
 messages of kindness and sympathy daily passed 
 between them. 
 
 Although, from the persecutions which took 
 place in her reign, she has been called the "Bloody 
 Queen Mary," she seems, personally, little to have 
 deserved this character. She was, without doubt, 
 pious, sincere, merciful by nature, and of un- 
 blemished manners, and, except that she was mis- 
 taken in her religious views, every way deserving 
 of praise. 
 
 Queen Elizabeth was twenty-six years of age 
 when she ascended the throne. The imminent 
 danger to which she was exposed during the reign 
 of her sister, and the apprehensions for her safety, 
 and commiseration for her situation, which were 
 so generally felt, tended to make her, in no ordi- 
 
1558.] ACCESSION OP QUEEN ELIZABETH. Ixxxi 
 
 nary degree, the favourite of the nation. Her 
 accession, therefore, was hailed with delight by all 
 classes of her subjects. 
 
 Philip had no sooner heard of Mary's death, 
 than he made proposals of marriage to Elizabeth, 
 offering to procure the Pope's dispensation for their 
 union ; but although she was under great obliga- 
 tions to him, and was unwilling to give him offence, 
 yet, as the divorce of her father from Catherine of 
 Arragon was founded upon the belief that the 
 Pope had no power to dispense with the laws of 
 God, she declined the offer. 
 
 Elizabeth's first concern was the restoration of 
 the Reformed Faith. Upon this subject she held 
 numerous conferences with Sir William Cecil, 
 whom she had made Secretary of State, and, after 
 some hesitation, resolved, by gradual and secure 
 steps, to attain that object. In the beginning of 
 1559 Parliament assembled, and Acts were passed, 
 vesting the supremacy of the Church in the queen, 
 prohibiting the exercise of the ceremonial of the 
 Church of Rome, and inflicting penalties on all who 
 absented themselves from their parish churches, 
 and the sacraments. Four hundred and eighty- 
 nine clergymen, among whom were fourteen 
 bishops, refused to take the oath of supremacy and 
 suffered deprivation. 
 
 Notwithstanding a peace had been established 
 between England and France, a cause of quarrel 
 soon arose. The two marriages of Henry VIII 
 
Ixxxii DEATH OF HENRY 11. [1559. 
 
 with Catherine of Arragon and Anne Boleyn were 
 incompatible with each other, and could not both 
 be legal; and those who looked strictly into the 
 matter were led to doubt the queen's right of 
 succession. It is true Mary had been allowed, 
 unquestioned, to assume the regal estate, but the 
 same causes which rendered her accession easy, 
 produced difficulties in the case of her sister, and 
 rendered her tenure of the throne uncertain and 
 insecure. The next heir was the young Queen of 
 Scots, now married to the Dauphin of France, 
 and Henry II, at the instigation of the Princes of 
 the House of Lorraine, employed all his influence 
 with the Pope to induce him to issue a bill of 
 excommunication against Elizabeth, and acknow- 
 ledge Mary Queen of England ; but PhUip of 
 Spain, jealous of the accession of another kingdom 
 to the crown of France, secretly endeavoured to 
 dissuade the Pope from this course. Henry, how- 
 ever, caused his son and daughter-in-law to assume, 
 openly, the title and arms of England. Elizabeth 
 through her ambassador, demanded an explanation 
 of this conduct, but received only evasive answers. 
 Through this she was influenced with a violent 
 jealousy against the Queen of Scots, and resolved 
 to prevent Henry from attaining his object. At 
 this crisis the latter was killed in a tournament, 
 and the crown of France descended to the husband 
 of Mary, now Francis II, who, without reserve, 
 assumed the title of King of England. 
 
1559.] REBELLION IN SCOTLAND. Ixxxiii 
 
 In the year 1555, the Earl of Arran, regent 
 of Scotland, who, in reward for the service he had 
 rendered France in the marriage of the queen with 
 the dauphin, had been created Duke of Chatel- 
 herault, and granted a pension, was induced by 
 the queen-mother to resign his office, and the 
 Parliament was prevailed upon to appoint her to 
 succeed him. With the view of supporting her 
 authority with her turbulent people, she introduced 
 a body of French troops, commanded by d'Oisel, 
 which excited a great degree of jealousy in the 
 country. At the same time great violence and 
 animosities arose on the subject of religion, engen- 
 dered chiefly by the exiles, who had been driven 
 from England in the reign of Mary, and this was 
 aggravated by the arrival of John Knox, a furious 
 zealot, who had passed some years in banishment 
 at Geneva. At his preaching serious riots took 
 place at Perth. With tumultuous but irresistible 
 violence, the popidace fell upon the churches of 
 that city ; overturned the altars, defaced the pic- 
 tures, and broke in pieces the images. They next 
 turned to the monasteries, robbed and expelled the 
 inmates, and levelled the sumptuous edifices with 
 the ground. The queen proceeded against the 
 rioters with a small body of French troops, accom- 
 panied by such of the nobility as were well affected 
 towards her. The Congregation, as they called 
 themselves, made preparations for defence, and 
 being joined by the Earl of Glencairn, they became 
 
Ixxxiv REBELLION IN SCOTLAND. [1559. 
 
 formidable from their numbers and the zeal which 
 animated them. By the advice of the Earl of 
 Argyle, a crafty and designing man, who, although 
 he accompanied the queen, was one of the leaders 
 and heads of the congregation, she temporised 
 with the rebels, and was received into Perth, which 
 submitted on her promising an indemnity for past 
 offences, and engaging not to leave any French 
 garrison in the place. The Congregation imme- 
 diately entered into a new combination, signed a 
 covenant for mutual defence, and vowed to God 
 to employ their whole power in destroying every 
 thing which dishonoured his Holy Name. The 
 Earl of Argyle, and the Prior of St. Andrews now 
 openly took part with them. Thus strengthened 
 they soon found plausible reasons for breaking the 
 truce which had been agreed upon, and recom- 
 menced their work of destruction upon the churches 
 and monastries in Fife. The former were spoUed 
 of every decoration which was then esteemed 
 sacred, and the latter they utterly destroyed. The 
 regent immediately marched against the malcon- 
 tents, but found them assembled in such numbers 
 that they could offer an effectual resistance to the 
 royal forces. The queen, therefore, agreed to a 
 truce for a few days, and retired to the Lothians. 
 The Congregation laid siege to, and took, Perth, 
 thence proceeded to Stirling, and, finding their 
 power irresistible, marched on to Edinburgh, the 
 inhabitants of which city opened their gates to 
 
1559.] THE REBELS SEEK ASSISTANCE. IxXXV 
 
 them. This great and unexpected success encou- 
 raged the malcontents to enlarge their demands. 
 Instead of being satisfied with the toleration of 
 their religion, which alone they had hitherto 
 claimed, they now aimed at the destruction of the 
 established faith, and the introduction of Pro- 
 testantism. 
 
 Upon representation of the danger of these 
 proceedings, many of the people were persuaded 
 to desert the rebels, who being thus much weak- 
 ened, the queen ventured to march to Edinburgh, 
 with the hope of suppressing them, but was induced 
 by the Duke of Chatelherault again to listen to 
 terms of accommodation. So much excitement, 
 however, prevailed, that no arrangement could be 
 permanent, and both parties began to collect their 
 forces. The queen obtained an additional force of 
 a thousand men from France, and began to fortify 
 Leith. On the other hand, the Duke of Chatel- 
 herault deserted to the rebels, towards whom he 
 had been long inclined. The latter now assembled 
 a convention of their own adherents, and passed 
 an Act depriving the queen of the regency, and 
 ordering all French troops to leave the country. 
 They also began to levy farther forces, and again 
 took possession of Edinburgh. At this juncture 
 the Lords of the Congregation applied to Eliza- 
 beth for assistance. 
 
 The family of Lorrain was at this time para- 
 mount in the councils of France, and openly 
 
IxXXvi A FLEET SENT TO SCOTLAND. [1560. 
 
 avowed their intention of maintaining the right of 
 the young Queen of Scots to the English throne ; 
 and they only delayed the commencement of the 
 attempt until their authority in Scotland should be 
 supreme. The English Romanists, discontented 
 with Elizabeth's government, were ready to ac- 
 knowledge Mary's title, and take up arms in its 
 defence. In these circumstances Elizabeth was 
 justified in adopting measures which appeared so 
 evidently necessary to self-preservation. 
 
 A fleet was accordingly dispatched to the Firth 
 of Forth under Admiral Winter. The young 
 Duke of Norfolk was made Lieutenant of the 
 North, and an army, consisting of 6000 foot and 
 2000 horse, under the command of Lord Grey, 
 assembled at Berwick. 
 
 In the meanwhile the queen -regent received 
 a further reinforcement of 1000 veteran soldiers 
 commanded by Count Martigues, with a promise 
 of a still larger army under the Marquis D'Elbeuf. 
 They sailed from Dieppe, but encountering a 
 severe storm, in which several of their ships were 
 lost, they were driven back again to the port 
 whence they sailed. The queen-regent, and the 
 French party in Scotland, were greatly disappointed 
 at this untoward event, and the more so from the 
 circumstance that when they saw the English fleet 
 approaching the Firth of Forth they concluded it 
 was D'Elbeuf's expedition, and gave way to ex- 
 pressions of unbounded joy. 
 
1560.] DEATH OP THE QUEEN REGENT. IxXXVli 
 
 The health of the queen-regent, which had 
 been for some time declining, was, from this disap- 
 pointment, and the anxiety arising from the 
 approach of the English army, sensibly affected. 
 With a spirit broken and depressed by the diffi- 
 culties of her position, and the impending danger, 
 she retired to Edinburgh Castle. 
 
 Early in the spring the English army entered 
 Scotland, when they were immediately joined by 
 the Congregation in great numbers from aU parts 
 of the kingdom, and together they marched towards 
 Leith. The French were unable to take the field 
 against an army so superior to them in numbers ; 
 but within the walls they made a most gallant 
 defence, and the siege was consequently protracted 
 to a great length. 
 
 When the King of France learnt that his 
 troops were entirely blocked up in Leith, both by 
 sea and land, and that no supplies could reach 
 them, he became desirous of an accommodation ; 
 and this was the more necessary from the intestine 
 commotions which began to shew themselves in his 
 own country. Accordingly, commissioners were 
 dispatched to confer with Sir William Cecil and 
 Dr. Wotton, dean of Canterbury and York, who 
 had been accredited by Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 Whilst these negotiations were going on an 
 event occurred which facilitated the object for 
 which they met. This was the death of the queen- 
 regent, who expired at Edinburgh Castle on the 
 
IxXXviii PEACE WITH SCOTLAND AND FEANCE. [1560. 
 
 lOth of June, 1550. She was a most pious and 
 wise princess, and one well qualified to render her 
 administration illustrious, and her people happy. 
 Her lot, however, was cast in very troublous times 
 and among a turbulent people, where the nobles 
 were almost independent of the crown, and most 
 jealous of their extensive privileges ; — with nu- 
 merous vassals at their command, who were ever 
 ready to embrace their chieftain's quarrel, they not 
 only claimed, but exercised, the right of controUing 
 the king himself. 
 
 In the beginning a treaty of peace was agreed 
 to, in which it w:as stipulated that both the English 
 and French armies should be withdrawn from 
 Scotland, and that the King and Queen of France 
 should neither assume the title, nor bear the arms, 
 of King and Queen of England, in any time to 
 come. 
 
 As the next public transactions in which Sir 
 Peter Carew was engaged refer to Ireland, we will 
 briefly narrate the circumstances in which that 
 country found itself. 
 
 On the accession of Queen Elizabeth the Earl 
 of Sussex, who had been Lord Deputy of Ireland 
 in the preceding reign, was reappointed governor 
 of that country, with instructions to estabhsh the 
 reformed religion. A Parliament was accordingly 
 assembled for this purpose in January, 1560, and 
 it was found that most of the temporal lords were 
 firmlv attached to the Romish Communion. So 
 
1561. J AFFAIRS OF IRELAND. Ixxxix 
 
 various and frequent had been the changes under 
 the preceding sovereigns, that they affected to 
 lament those distractions, and strongly deprecated 
 any further innovation. The bishops were not so 
 zealous, or stedfast, in their faith. They had accepted 
 every phase of religion which had been presented 
 to them, and, with the exception of two, Meath 
 and Kildare, they made no difficulty on the pre- 
 sent occasion. In spite, however, of much opposi- 
 tion and resistance. Acts were passed overthrowing 
 the whole ecclesiastical polity of Mary. 
 
 It was, however, found impossible to enforce 
 the new laws. The clergy refused to conform, 
 abandoned their cures, and none could be found 
 to supply their places. The people were taught to 
 detest a government which had been consigned to 
 all the terrors of divine vengeance, and to look 
 forward to an opportunity of asserting the cause 
 of truth. 
 
 In the mean while John O'Neil, chief of Tyrone, 
 had been guilty of great excesses in the province 
 of Ulster, and had bidden defiance to the English 
 authority. In 1561 Sussex marched against him, 
 and O'Neil had collected his forces to defend him- 
 self An accommodation was, however, agreed 
 to, in which it was stipulated that he should enjoy 
 the Chieftainship of Tyrone, with all the rights 
 and pre-eminences of his station, until the validity 
 of the letters-patent granted to Earl Con, late 
 Baron of Dungannon, had been examined by 
 
xc 
 
 SHANE o'nEIL. [1561. 
 
 Parliament, and if they were declared void, he 
 should be created Earl of Tyrone, and hold his 
 county by English tenure, still retaining his ancient 
 authority over his vassals. 
 
 For the confirmation of this treaty he repaired 
 to England, attended by a guard of Gallowglasses, 
 richly attired in the costume of their country, 
 " armed with the battle-axe, their heads bare, their 
 hair flowing on their shoulders, their linen vests 
 dyed with saflfron, with long and open sleeves, and 
 surcharged with short military harness."^ He 
 received from the queen a most gracious reception, 
 and returned with presents and favour. This 
 visit, although regarded in England as the sub- 
 mission of a turbulent and refractory subject, was 
 considered in Ireland as a treaty of peace between 
 two independent sovereigns.^ 
 
 ^ Camden, a.d. 1562. 
 
 ' Campian, speaking of O'Neil's visit to England, in his 
 Histoire of Ireland, written in 1570, Dublin ed. of 1809, page 
 189, says : " The courtiers noting his haughtiness and barbarity, 
 devised his stile thus : Neale the great, Cousin to St. Patricke, 
 friend to the Queen of England, and enemy to all the world 
 besides." And he goes on to say how, after his return, he 
 iised civility, and exercised justice and Christian charity. 
 " Sitting at meate, before he put one morsell into his mouth, 
 he used to slice a portion above the dayly almes, and send it, 
 namely to some beggar at his gate, saying, it was meete to 
 serve Christ first." On the 18th of November, 1563, he 
 bound himself by articles to serve the queen in the most loyal 
 manner, as appears from Patent Roll of that date. — See 
 0' Donovan's Annals of Ireland, in which an abstract of the 
 Patent is given. Vol. \'. a.d. 1661, note. 
 
1567.] o'neil's rebellion. xci 
 
 It was not long before O'Neil again returned 
 to his old courses.^ Upon being told that Mac- 
 Arthy, the Irish lord of Desmond, had submitted 
 to the queen, and surrendered his possessions to 
 receive them back under letters-patent, with the 
 title of Earl of Clancarthy, "A precious earl," he 
 replied, "I keep a laquay as noble as he. But 
 let him enjoy his honour, it is not worthy of 
 O'Neil. I have indeed made peace with the 
 queen at her desire, but I have not forgotten the 
 royal dignity of my ancestors. Ulster was theirs, 
 and shall be mine. With the sword they won it ; 
 with the sword I will maintain it."^ 
 
 Shortly after this he broke into open rebellion, 
 threatening destruction to all who should dispute 
 his sovereignty of Ulster. His irruptions were 
 sudden and violent. He destroyed several castles 
 on the borders of the Pale, burnt the church of 
 Armagh, expelled Macguire, lord of Fermanagh, 
 who refused to acknowledge his superiority, sent 
 his agents into Connaught to induce the Irish 
 lords to join his cause, and, as an independent 
 prince, dispatched his ambassadors to the Pope 
 and King of Spain, soliciting assistance against 
 the queen and an heretical government. 
 
 Sir Henry Sydney had, in the mean while, 
 
 ' Among Cecil's papers is a curious memorandum to remind 
 him that Shane O'Neill was to be exhorted " to change his 
 garments and go like a gentleman." 
 
 ' Leland's His. of Ireland, vol. ii. p. 232. 
 
xcii o'neil's eebellion. [1567. 
 
 been appointed lord deputy/ and he took Ms mea- 
 sures for the reduction of this rash and turbulent 
 chieftain, with consummate prudence, by uniting 
 against him a number of his neighbouring enemies, 
 who, provoked by the injuries they had received 
 at his hands, were always ready to attack him, 
 whilst he himself took his station on the northern 
 borders with a large force. 
 
 Attacked on aU sides O'Neil was reduced to 
 great distress. In several skirmishes his forces 
 were defeated with great slaughter, and it was 
 considered that in a few months he lost 3,500 men. 
 Obhged to fly from one hiding-place to another, 
 without hope, or resources, he at last resolved to 
 submit himself to mercy. Just as he was about 
 to carry out this resolution he was dissuaded from 
 it by one of his followers, who represented that he 
 could expect no favour from the EngUsh, and 
 advised him rather to throw himself upon the 
 protection of the Scottish inhabitants of Ulster, a 
 party of whom were encamped on Clan-ha-boy. 
 O'Neil was pleased at this suggestion, which 
 would relieve him from the degradation of sub- 
 mission to his enemies ; and releasing the son of 
 the Scottish commander, who was a prisoner in 
 his hands, he sent him before him to explain his 
 request. 
 
 ' Sydney was appointed about the middle of October, 1565. 
 He arrived in Dublin on the 13th, and was publicly admitted 
 to the Government on the 20th of January following. 
 
1567.] DEATH OF o'neil. xciii 
 
 The English Government was well informed 
 of O'Neil's design, and sent an agent to the 
 Scottish commander to inflame the passions of the 
 Scots against the Irish chieftain, and incite them 
 to revenge the injuries they had received at his 
 hands. They too readily listened to this proposal, 
 and receiving O'Neil with every demonstration 
 of hospitality in the commander's tent, took occa- 
 sion, during the carousal which followed, to raise a 
 quarrel, and treacherously assassinated him and his 
 whole party. 
 
 The lord-deputy immediately marched into 
 Tyrone, where he was received with great pro- 
 fessions of respect, duty, and obedience. By the 
 queen's authority he nominated Tyrlough Lyuough 
 O'Neil to succeed John as chieftain, who, being 
 of a meek and peaceable disposition, gave every 
 expectation of future quiet and order in that 
 unruly district. 
 
 Meanwhile the south of Ireland was harassed 
 by private feuds and disorders. The English Pale 
 was disturbed by the quarrels of the Cavanaghs, 
 O'Tools, O'Bymes, and other smaller septs. 
 Munster was in a still worse condition, the old 
 feuds between the families of Desmond and 
 Ormond were revived, and proceeded to such a 
 height, that they were on the point of fighting a 
 pitched battle, when, unexpectedly, pacific councils 
 prevailed. 
 
 Gerald, the then Earl of Desmond was a noble- 
 
Xciv GERALD, EARL OF DESMOND. [1567. 
 
 man "not brought up" as the queen's letters 
 expressed it, "where law and justice had been 
 frequented." He was attached to Irish habits and 
 customs, and indulged in the barbaric and oppres- 
 sive pride of an Irish chieftain. He made 
 encroachments upon all his neighbours, but more 
 particularly upon the possessions of the Earl of 
 Ormond, who, collecting his followers, repulsed 
 the intruders. Desmond himself was severely 
 wounded and taken prisoner, and as Ormond's 
 soldiers were carrying him, stretched on a bier, off 
 the scene of the engagement, one of them is said 
 to have asked in triumph, " Where is now the 
 great lord of Desmond ? " To which he gave the 
 proud reply, " Where, but in his proper place ? 
 StiU upon the necks of the Butlers ! " ^ 
 
 These quarrels proceeded to such a length, that 
 the queen summoned the two earls to her presence. 
 They both attended her, when terms of accom- 
 modation were agreed upon, and Desmond engaged 
 to suppress the Brehon jurisdiction, and support 
 the execution of the queen's laws in his territories. 
 
 It was not long, however, before contentions 
 again arose between them relative to carrying out 
 the articles which had been agreed upon. Desmond 
 pleaded his cause before the Lord Deputy at 
 Youghal in 1567. After a careful examination 
 into all the circumstances, Sydney gave a judgment 
 in favour of Ormond, and ordered Desmond to 
 ' Leland's Ireland, vol. ii. p, 278. 
 
1567.] EARL OF DESMOND ARRESTED. XCV 
 
 make reparation. The proud Earl refused to sub- 
 mit to this award, and would have left the Deputy's 
 Court, but the latter retained him under various 
 pretences, and, at length, placed him under arrest 
 and conveyed him a prisoner to Dublin. This bold 
 act of the Lord Deputy, and the public manner in 
 which the earl was conveyed a prisoner from Des- 
 mond into Connaught, and from Connaught to 
 Dublin, produced a profound impression upon the 
 Irish. The queen herself was alarmed at this step, 
 and expressed great dissatisfaction at the state of 
 the country, so that on the death of John O'Neil, 
 Sydney resolved to repair to England. Sir John 
 of Desmond, having arrived in Dublin to see his 
 brother, or perhaps to sue for his release, was also 
 made prisoner, and Sir Henry Sydney carried them 
 both to England to present them to the queen, 
 when they were both committed to the Tower. 
 This step confirmed that hatred to the English 
 Government, which animated these gentlemen 
 during the remainder of their lives. 
 
 The condition of Ireland at this time (1567), 
 was most deplorable. In the beginning of the 
 year, the Lord Deputy made a progress through 
 the southern and western parts of the kingdom, 
 and, in a long letter to the queen,^ reported the 
 desolate and disastrous state of the country. 
 On the 27th of January, he proceeded into 
 
 ^ A full abstract is printed in Wright's Ireland, vol. i. 
 pp. 416-422. 
 
XCVi STATE OP IRELAND. [1567- 
 
 Leix (Queen's County), of which he says that 
 it had greatly improved, that a " great increase 
 of tillage and thorough quiet was there to be 
 seen." He moved thence to Kilkenny, which he 
 found in a very satisfactory state. The territory 
 of the Baron of Upper Ossory was in " indifferent 
 good order, saving somewhat molested by cer- 
 tain outlaws of the same country breed," who it 
 appears were supported by the evil rule of the 
 Earl of Ormond's territory. Some of these were 
 taken and executed. Here the Lord Deputy 
 heard of the lawless doings upon the county of 
 Elilkenny and the lands of Ormond, of the younger 
 sons of the Baron of Upper Ossory, two of whom 
 he cast into prison. In Ely he found that the 
 O'Carrel governed the country well, but O'Magher's 
 country, "all waste and uninhabited," in conse- 
 quence of the inroads of the outlaws of Upper 
 Ossory, and the excesses committed by the younger 
 brethren of the Earl of Ormond. 
 
 The further he proceeded into Munster the 
 more wretched the country became. The county 
 of Tipperary was involved in great disorders in 
 consequence of the disputes between the Earl of 
 Ormond and the Baron of Dunboyne, and the 
 unnatural feuds in the family of the latter, which 
 the Deputy took strong measures to redress. But 
 all these disorders were small in comparison with 
 those he found as he proceeded, chiefly arising 
 from the " insufficiency to govern them that have 
 
1567.] STATE OP IRELAND. XCVU 
 
 the rule under "the Earl of Ormond, in whom 
 there appeared manifestly to want both justice, 
 judgment, and stoutness to execute." 
 
 The country adjoining was suffering still more 
 from local misgovernment. Here the Deputy 
 found an immeasurable tract of land now waste 
 and uninhabited, which, of late years, had been 
 well tilled and pastured. The country depopu- 
 lated through slaughter, banishment, and famine ; 
 villages subverted, churches ruined, monasteries 
 vacant, and cathedrals profaned through a want 
 of bishops ; the inhabitants of the three principal 
 towns, Clonmel, Cashel, and Fedart,^ almost 
 ready to perish within the walls, all trade and 
 commerce being destroyed, " for neither durst the* 
 people of the country bring in anything unto them 
 neither yet durst they issue out of their walls U 
 buy any thing in the country, but both of the one 
 and the other, they were often times spoiled, and 
 many times killed." 
 
 Sydney next visited Waterford where he was 
 received with great cordiality and respect. Here 
 he summoned the lords, gentlemen, and freeholders 
 of the county to meet him, and, he states, "it well 
 appeared that they had not forgotten the good 
 obedience which had been taught them by Sir 
 Warham St. Leger and the other commissioners, 
 during the time of their abode there," but, he adds, 
 " they were ready to play the part of the washed 
 1 Fethard. 
 H 
 
XCviii STATE OF IRELAND. [^1567. 
 
 swine in returning to her foul puddle, unless con- 
 tinuance of justice amongst them detain them from 
 it." The chief disorders of this district were found 
 to arise through the turbulance of the Powers. 
 He therefore summoned the Lord Power before 
 him, and required him, by a certain day, to bring 
 in the chief offenders ; but when the time arrived 
 he produced only two, whom the Deputy, " in the 
 way of good speed, committed to the gallows." 
 
 At Youghal, which he found in "evil case," 
 Sydney gave judgment in the cause of the Earls of 
 Desmond and Ormond, before referred to. Here, 
 in spite of the exertions of Desmond to prevent 
 them, the principal lords of the county of Cork 
 made their submission, and requested to be received 
 into the queen's protection and shielded from the 
 oppressions of the Earl of Desmond ; offering to 
 hold themselves, their lives, lands, and goods, at 
 her majesty's disposal. 
 
 The whole district of Desmond and Thomond, 
 Sydney represents as being waste and desolate, 
 and subject to the greatest disorders. The oppres- 
 sion and misery of the wretched inhabitants be- 
 yond conception. " Perjury, robbery, and murder, 
 counted allowable." The sacrament of baptism 
 utterly neglected, and the people " without any 
 conscience of sin." 
 
 The Lord Deputy next visited Connaught and 
 found the town of Galway in great alarm on account 
 of the wars between the Earl of Clanrickai'd and 
 
1567.] STATE OF IRELAND. xclx 
 
 the Mac William Oughter and O'Flaherty, and, 
 "most of all, the disorder of the Earl of Clan- 
 rickard's two sons, which he had by two wives, 
 and both alive ; and these two young boys, in the 
 life of their father, do strive who shall be their 
 father's heir, and in the same strife commit no 
 smaU spoils and damage to the country." These 
 two unruly lads he arrested and carried prisoners 
 to Dublin. "From Galway," Sydney says, "I 
 travelled through a great and ancient town in 
 Connaught called Athenry, where I was offered a 
 pitiful and lamentable present, namely, the keys of 
 the town, not as to receive them again, as all other 
 accustomably do, but for me still to keep or other- 
 wise dispose at my pleasure ; inasmuch as they were 
 so impoverished by the extortion of the lords about 
 them, as they were no longer able to keep that 
 town. The town is large and well walled, and it 
 appeareth by matter of record there hath been in it 
 three hundred good householders, and since I knew 
 this land there was twenty, and now I find but four, 
 and they poor, and, as I write, ready to leave the 
 place. The cry and lamentation of the poor ppople 
 was great and pitiful, and nothing but thus : ' suc- 
 cour, succour, succour !' " The Earl of Clanrickard, 
 who seems to have been their greatest oppressor, 
 was compelled to make them some reparation. 
 
 The distracted and deplorable condition of the 
 country through which Sydney had travelled arose 
 entirely from the want of sufficient vigour and 
 
 H 2 
 
C COMMOTION IN THE ENGLISH PALE. [1567. 
 
 control in tlie persons to whom the Government 
 was confided. These were chiefly the great lords 
 in the several districts, who, by always quarrelling 
 and carrying on a petty warfare among themselves, 
 produced those disorders which it was their pro- 
 vince to restrain. Besides, there was not one 
 among them who had the capacity, or the power, 
 to exercise a jurisdiction over the whole district. 
 Sydney, therefore, offered the important sugges- 
 tion, that the only way " for reformation of these 
 two provinces, was by planting justice by presi- 
 dents and councils in each." The adoption of these 
 views tended more towards the final settlement of 
 the kingdom than whole armies, or any other 
 measure. 
 
 During Sydney's absence in England, commo- 
 tions of the most serious character broke out anew 
 in the South ; even the English Pale was not 
 without its disturbers, and the difficulties were the 
 greater inasmuch as the leaders were only half 
 responsible agents. Thus the Earl of Ormond, 
 being in attendance on the court in England, had 
 left his brother. Sir Edmund Butler, in charge 
 of his extensive territories, who, upon some 
 frivolous pretence, made a hostile incursion upon 
 the Geraldines. The Earl of Desmond and his 
 brother, Sir John, were in the Tower, from cir- 
 cumstances which we have lately seen, and the 
 command of the followers of that powerful house, 
 had been secretly confided to James Fitzmaurice, 
 
1568. J FITZMAURICE INVADES KERRY. ci 
 
 an inveterate opponent of the English. Govern- 
 ment and the Reformed Church. In conjunction 
 with the Earl of Clancarthy, who had relapsed into 
 all the rude barbarism of an Irish chieftain, he had 
 put himself into communication with the Pope 
 and the King of Spain, to obtain succours in an 
 attempt to cast off the English yoke. The fidelity 
 of Turlough Lynough was also suspected. 
 
 In the year 1568, James. Fitzmaurice, in con- 
 junction with O'Connor Kerry and other chieftains, 
 at the head of a numerous army, invaded the 
 county of Kerry, and committed the most horrible 
 slaughter .and devastation. All the wretched inha- 
 bitants who were fortunate enough to escape the 
 sword, sought protection in the fortified town of 
 Lixnaw, the seat of the Fitzmaurices of Kerry. 
 Here the Lord of Lixnaw was himself besieged, 
 and suffered much from the excessive heat of the 
 weather, and consequent drought. An attack was 
 thereupon made upon the besiegers, who were 
 defeated with terrible slaughter, O'Connor Kerry, 
 and several other distinguished chieftains, were 
 slain. After this James Fitzmaurice returned to 
 his own country to strengthen himself by new 
 alliances, and recruit his forces for another 
 struggle. 
 
 The claims of Sir Peter Carew which threat- 
 ened the estates of nearly all the great families of 
 the south, enhanced the difiiculties of the country. 
 King Henry II, by patent under the great seal, 
 
cii CLAIMS OF SIR PETER CAREW. [1568. 
 
 had granted the whole of the kingdom of Cork, 
 being the territories of Macarthy More, to Robert 
 Fitz-Stephen, and Myles de Cogan, who divided 
 the country between them.'^ Robert Fitz-Stephen 
 left issue, one daughter, married to a Carew, who 
 thus acquired very extensive possessions in the 
 south of Ireland, embracing the greater portion of 
 the province of Munster. Here the family con- 
 tinued, in great honour, until the commencement 
 of the wars of the Roses. The English families in 
 Ireland espoused the rival causes, and being thus 
 divided among themselves, each obtained the 
 assistance of the native Irish, who, after a while 
 joined against the weakened English and expelled 
 them from the country. Sir Peter preferred a 
 claim to his inheritance, which being favourably 
 received by the queen, he at this time took pro- 
 ceedings for its recovery, in due course of law. 
 
 Such was the condition of Ireland when Sir 
 Henry Sydney returned to his government in 
 October, 1568. His first act was to summon the 
 disorderly chieftains before him to answer for their 
 conduct. Sir Edmund Butler found excuses to 
 evade the order. The Earl of Clancarthy showed 
 a disposition to submit, but James Fitzmaurice 
 disregarded the attempt to reduce him to obedience. 
 The districts of Thomoud and Ulster were dis- 
 turbed from various feuds, for the settlement of 
 
 ' A copy of the patent may be found in Lamb. MS. 635, 
 folio 93. 
 
1569.] COYNE AND LIVERY ABOLISHED. ciii 
 
 which the deputy made a hasty journey north- 
 wards. 
 
 In obedience to the queen's command a Parha- 
 ment was now assembled, the chief objects of 
 which were to abohsh, by legal enactment, the 
 Irish customs of captainry, coyne, and hvery,^ and 
 
 ' Coyne and livery consisted of free quarters for man and 
 horse, and exaction of money besides, and was a means of 
 great oppression by the Irish lords. Even in the English Pale 
 these abuses existed, as is shown in the proceedings of the 
 High Commissioners of Inquiry into the grievances and social 
 state of that district in 1537, just published by the Kilkenny 
 and South-east of Ireland ArohaBological Society. It appears 
 that the Earl of Kildare, in Carlow and Kildare, and Lady 
 Katherine Poer, in Waterford, not only required livery of food 
 for their own men and horses, but also for those of all their 
 guests, English or Irish, particularly during the festivals of 
 Easter and Christmas. Lord Kildare also required it for the 
 keep of his stud of horses ; he required from every plough- 
 land, and from every three cottiers, a workman for one week in 
 the year, to make ditches or trenches on the borders, and an 
 axe-man to out passages through the woods to which the 
 enemy fled when defeated, or in which they concealed the 
 cattle they had plundered. When either Lord Kildare, or 
 Poer, or the Earl of Ossory hunted, their hounds were supplied 
 with bread and mUk. When the Viceroy, or any great man, 
 visited Lady Poer at Curraghmore, she levied a subsidy off 
 her tenantry to provide for his entertainment. When Ossory 
 or Poer gave away a daughter in marriage, the former de- 
 manded of his tenants a sheep from every flock; and the 
 latter, a sheep of every husbandman, and a cow of every 
 village. 
 
 These exactions were prohibited in Tipperary as early as 
 August, 1.564. On the 24th of June, Sydney writes that : " it 
 is bruited that coyne and livery is to continue to the unspeak- 
 able grief of all honest and grave men" and on the ILth of 
 
civ PARLIAMENTARY DIFFICULTIES. [1569. 
 
 other exactions by which the country was op- 
 pressed ; and carry out those reforms, both civU and 
 ecclesiastical, which had been already introduced 
 by the sword. Public peace and the general wel- 
 fare of the cduntry were intimately connected 
 with the designs of Government, but there were 
 some who from opposition to the reformed reli- 
 gion, a desire to return to the old customs of the 
 country, by which, through oppressing the people, 
 they were themselves enriched, and a jealousy of 
 the favours shown to those of English race, deter- 
 mined to offer a strong opposition to every mea- 
 sure proposed by the Government. To counteract 
 this opposition, the Lord Deputy extensively in- 
 terfered in the elections, and used every effort to 
 strengthen his administration. The first trial of 
 the strength of the opposing parties was on the 
 election of the speaker. The court party put 
 
 July he writes that he had been willed, to make no general 
 abolition of these exactions when five several statutes have 
 made the taking of it felony, and the sixth treason. He calls 
 it, " that reviving Hydra, coyne and livery." The queen, by 
 her former letters, had ordered these extortions to be abolished, 
 but she seems to have afterwards recalled the order, for on 
 the 20th of October, 1566, she writes that it was not her 
 meaning simply to allow of it, but rather to have it taken away 
 by degrees. The abolition of these imposts met with some 
 opposition. It was urged that to do so would weaken the 
 Englishry and faithful lords, until her majesty have a better 
 bridle upon the untrue and deceitful rebels of the north. 
 In the Parliament of 1568 — 9, an Act was passed granting 
 a subsidy of 13s. 4:d. upon every plough-land for ten years, in 
 consideration of coyne and livery being discharged. 
 
1569. J PARLIAMENTARY DIFFICULTIES. CV 
 
 forward Stanihurst, the recorder of Dublin ; the 
 opposition proposed Sir Christopher Barnewell, a 
 great favourite with the old Enghsh race. The 
 former was elected by a large majority. The oppo- 
 sition was greatly enraged and refused to proceed 
 to business, contending that the Parliament was 
 illegal ; that there were burgesses returned for 
 towns which were not incorporated ; that several 
 sheriffs and magistrates had returned themselves ; 
 and, above all, that a number of Englishmen had 
 been elected for towns which they had never seen, 
 or known, still less resided in, as required by law. 
 
 Four days were spent in violent altercations, 
 the opposition refusing to proceed to business. 
 The speaker attended the Lord Deputy and councU 
 to explain the objection of the opposition to the 
 constitution of the House. The matter was 
 referred to the decision of the judges, who, after 
 mature dehberation, decided that those who were 
 returned for towns not incorporated, and those who 
 had returned themselves, were not entitled to their 
 seats ; but with regard to those members who 
 were not resident in the towns for which they had 
 been returned, they adjudged them to be legally 
 elected. This decision having still left the Govern- 
 ment in a large majority, the clamours of the 
 opposition became more violent than ever ; they 
 refused to give credit to the message, and were 
 only appeased when the judges came down in 
 person to confirm it. 
 
Cvi DISCONTENT OF SIR EDMUND BUTLER. [1569. 
 
 In this discontented mood the House proceeded 
 to business, determined to offer a vigorous oppo- 
 sition, in detail, to all Government measures, as 
 they were brought forward. Hooker, the author 
 of our memoir, who had been sent into Ireland as 
 the agent of Sir Peter Carew, and had been 
 returned for Athenry, has given a detailed 
 account of the proceedings of this Parliament in 
 his Annals of Ireland, published in Holinshed's 
 Chronicle. Being member for Exeter, in the 
 English Parliament, he was accustomed to parlia- 
 mentary business and usages, and was therefore 
 greatly scandalized at the riotous and disorderly 
 conduct which he witnessed. He made a high 
 prerogative speech which so inflamed the passions 
 of the opposition that the House broke up in 
 great confusion, and it was found necessary for his 
 parliamentary friends to escort him to his lodgings 
 in the house of Sir Peter Carew, to protect him 
 from personal violence. 
 
 After a few days the excitement in some 
 measure subsided. The Bill for subsidy was 
 received and passed, with an encomium on the 
 queen for dehvering the realm from the grievous 
 exactions of coyne and Uvery, and on the Deputy 
 for the vigour and integrity of his administration. 
 Many other excellent measures were also adopted. 
 
 One of the chief opponents of the Government 
 measures, in the House of Commons, was Sir 
 Edmund Butler. The Lord Deputy attributed his 
 
1569.] BUTLER REBELS. 
 
 evil 
 
 conduct to disloyalty, and openly rebuked him in 
 the court, holding out some menaces against him. 
 Butler was little careful to conceal his resentment, 
 and sullenly withdrew into his own country. In 
 the meantime. Sir Peter Carew having obtained 
 a decree of the council in favour of his title to 
 the Barony of Odrone, had been placed by the 
 sheriff in possession of that territory. A portion 
 of this was in the occupation of Butler, and Sir 
 Peter, having entered a certain meadow, was 
 attacked by Sir Edmund's followers and driven 
 out. These circumstances increased the ill feeling 
 already existing between Sydney and Butler, who 
 accused the former of injustice and partiality. The 
 Lord Deputy, being desirous of appeasing the feud 
 between Carew and the latter, sent the Viscount 
 Baltinglass and Mr. Richard Shee, as commis- 
 sioners, into Carlo w, to hear the cause between 
 them ; but Butler alleged that no justice could 
 be expected from his mortal enemy, and contemp- 
 tuously refused to appear before the commissioners. 
 This insolence was the more alarming on ac- 
 count of the state of Munster. James Fitzmaurice, 
 at the head of the Geraldiues, had raised the 
 standard of revolt, and had seduced the Earl of 
 Clancarthy to join in his rebellion. These parties 
 had sent agents to the Pope and to the King of 
 Spain, earnestly soliciting their asssistance in an 
 attempt to overturn the English rule. Butler now 
 entered into an alliance with these insurgents, and 
 
CViii BUTLEE REBELS. [1569. 
 
 Sir Peter Carew, who had lately been appointed 
 constable of Leighlin, was ordered to proceed 
 against him, upon which service he entered with 
 great alacrity. He stormed Cloughgrennan Castle, 
 Butler's chief residence, and, after ravaging his 
 lands, marched to Kilkenny. Whilst there, he 
 received intelligence that a considerable body of 
 the Irish was assembled at a httle distance from 
 the town. He marched upon them suddenly, sur- 
 prised them, and put a large number to the sword. 
 Sir Edmund Butler was not present on this occa- 
 sion, but he no sooner heard of it than he openly 
 avowed his alliance with the rebels of Munster ; 
 and the confedrates, joining all their forces, invested 
 the city of Kilkenny. This city, although belong- 
 ing to the Butlers, offered such a vigorous resist- 
 ance, that the invaders were repelled. They then 
 turned their fury upon the open country, burning 
 and destroying in all directions. Enniscorthy 
 was attacked during the fair, and an immense 
 amount of valuable property fell into the hands of 
 the insurgents ; whilst the wretched inhabitants 
 were subjected to the most brutal treatment. So 
 little opposition did the rebels encounter that they 
 supposed the entire expulsion of the English was 
 near at hand, and for the purpose of effectually 
 attaining this object, they prevailed upon 'the Earl 
 of Thomond to embrace their cause, and sent 
 their emissaries into Ulster to acquaint Turlough 
 Lynough with their successes, and induce him to 
 
1569. J SYDNEY MARCHES INTO M0NSTER. 
 
 CIX 
 
 take a body of Scots into Ms pay, and cause a 
 diversion on the northern borders of the Pale. 
 
 The alarm attending this rebelUon was very 
 great. Sydney marched into Munster at the head 
 of a large body of troops, and the Earl of Ormond, 
 who had been sometime resident at the English 
 court, was sent over with the view of bringing his 
 brothers, either by force, or persuasion, into sub- 
 jection. He landed at Wexford on the 14th of 
 August, and found his brothers ready to yield to 
 his views. ^ Accordingly he presented them to the 
 Lord Deputy at his camp near Limerick, where 
 they made their submission,^ and were sent 
 prisoners to Dublin. 
 
 James Fitzmaurice and his followers retired 
 before the Lord Deputy's army into Munster, 
 where, as usual, they took refuge in their secret 
 haunts in the woods and forests. Sydney made 
 a progress through the province. Many of the 
 highest rank, who had not been openly impli- 
 cated in the insurrection, renewed their as- 
 surances of loyalty, and joined the Deputy 
 against the rebels. English garrisons were placed 
 in several castles, and among others, in that of 
 Ballymartyr, held by the Seneschal of Imokelly, 
 who had committed great ravages. Humphry 
 Gilbert (afterwards Sir Humphry) was left in 
 the military command of the district, having his 
 
 ' See No. 9, Appendix H. 
 * See No. 10, Appendix H. 
 
ex KILMALLOCK DESTROYED. [1569. 
 
 head-quarters at Kilmallock. Sydney continued 
 his progress from Limerick to Gal way, and 
 from Galway to Athlone, where he installed Sir 
 Edward Fitton President of Connaught, after 
 which he returned to Dublin. Sir John Perrot 
 was soon afterwards constituted President of 
 Munster. 
 
 Turlough Lynough, in the mean while, had 
 complied with the request of Fitzmaurice, and 
 taken into his pay a body of Scots, with whom he 
 purposed to invade the northern borders. "When 
 about to put this project into execution an accident 
 occurred which nearly deprived him of his life, 
 and threw Tyrone into the utmost confusion. 
 Factions were quickly formed, and contentions 
 arose about the succession to the chieftainry, whilst 
 the Scots, who saw no prospect of obtaining their 
 pay, dispersed. Turlough Lynough, on his re- 
 covery, finding himself abandoned by his fiiends, 
 again made his peace with the Government. 
 
 The Earl of Clancarthy had now surrendered 
 himself to Gilbert, and the south had, apparently, 
 been reduced to such a state of peace and security 
 that the latter received permission to return to 
 England, and the Earl of Ormond was appointed 
 to succeed him. But, notwithstanding the appa- 
 rent calm, a storm was collecting which burst out 
 with sudden fury when least expected. Ormond, 
 lulled into false security, had not exercised that 
 vigilance which was necessary for the protection of 
 
1571.] PETER OAREW RECALLED. Cxi 
 
 Kilmallock, by which neglect that important town 
 was brought to sudden destruction. On the night 
 of the 2nd of March, 1570, James Fitzmaurice 
 suddenly attacked the place, scaled the walls 
 unobserved, and took possession of it without 
 resistance. The inhabitants were treated with the 
 greatest barbarity ; the town plundered of every 
 article that it was possible to carry away, and then 
 committed to the flames. In a few hours nothing 
 remained of this handsome town but its bare and 
 blackened walls. 
 
 Sir John Perrot landed at Waterford on the 
 27th of February, 1571, and, after having been 
 sworn into his office in Dublin, and made his 
 arrangements, he proceeded to the seat of his 
 Government. During two years he pursued the 
 rebels with the most active and unrelenting seve- 
 rity, storming their castles, and chasing them from 
 one hiding place to another, until at last, worn out 
 with fatigue, hunger, and fear, they were con- 
 strained to cast themselves at his feet, and James 
 Fitzmaurice made his abject, but insincere, sub- 
 mission. 
 
 Sir Edmund Butler constantly avowed that 
 the sole cause of his rising in arms was the attempt 
 made by Sir Peter Carew to deprive him of his 
 lands, and the partiality which he alleged was 
 shewn by the Lord Deputy, in Sir Peter's favour. 
 In consequence of these representations, and the 
 apprehensions entertained at court at the close of 
 
cxii SIR Peter's title examined. [1572. 
 
 the Butler wars, that in the then unsettled state 
 of the country great danger would arise from Sir 
 Peter being allowed to press his suit, he was 
 recalled to England. His absence greatly endan- 
 gered his interests in Ireland, and Hooker con- 
 stantly urged the necessity of his immediate return; 
 but, notwithstanding his continual suit to the 
 queen to that effect, she could not be induced to 
 accede to it. In May, 1572, however, she so far 
 yielded to his solicitation as to write, herself, to Sir 
 William Fitz- Williams, Lord Deputy,^ authorising 
 him to allow Sir Peter to cause declaration to be 
 made of his titles and interest ; and if the Lord 
 Deputy found appearance of justice in his claims, 
 he was instructed, with the concurrence of the 
 Council, to cause the said titles to be discovered 
 to such of the parties in possession as, in their 
 discretion, might be deemed convenient, and to 
 use his best endeavours and persuasions, to induce 
 them to come to some reasonable composition. 
 
 Declaration was made accordingly, and a com- 
 mission issued 2 to the Lord President and Council 
 of Munster, for inquiry to be made according to 
 Her Majesty's letters. Hooker was despatched 
 with this commission, and recommended to Sir 
 John Perrot as one whose conference he might 
 safely use. Hooker had accompanied the Lord 
 Deputy to Waterford in the month of January, 
 
 ' 3rd of May, 1572. See No. 14, Appendix H. 
 ' 26th of February, 1573. See No. 17, Appendix H. 
 
1573.] COLONIZATION OF thjs NORTH. cxiii 
 
 and there finding the Lord President, the matter 
 had been considered, and it was thought so nearly 
 to affect the inheritance of the noblemen of Mun- 
 ster, that rather than yield they would again rise 
 in rebellion. This commission was received by 
 Perrot on the 15th of March. On the 19th of 
 the same month he writes to the Lord Deputy 
 and council/ declining to deal in a cause of so 
 much importance, and representing the danger 
 which would arise to the state from meddling in a 
 matter which would touch the wildest and strongest 
 in Munster, and suggesting that it would be much 
 better that Her Majesty should take Sir Peter's 
 title into her hands, giving him some piece of land 
 in England, or otherwise considering him. 
 
 Hereupon all proceedings were again stayed, 
 and notwithstanding Sir Peter continually pressed 
 for permission to visit Ireland, representing 
 that he had expended 6000/. in following his 
 causes there, and that although he had recovered 
 the Barony of Odrone, the occupiers, in his absence, 
 would not compound with his agent for the rents, 
 or take leases of them ; all he could obtain were 
 some concessions in the amount of cess levied upon 
 Odrone.^ 
 
 We must again direct our attention to the north 
 of Ireland. The continual feuds and wars which, 
 
 1 See No. 20, Appendix H. 
 
 ' Letter from Queen Elizabeth to the Lord Deputy, dated 
 14th March, 1573. See jSTo. 26, Appendix H. 
 
 I 
 
Cxiy THE EARL OF ESSBx's PROJECT. [1573. 
 
 for a long period, had prevailed in the province of 
 Ulster, had almost depopulated the country, and it 
 had for some time been a favourite project to 
 colonize some portions of it with English settlers. 
 As early as 1670, Sir Thomas Smith, secretary to 
 the queen, had obtained a grant of the peninsula 
 of Ardes, lying on the coast of Down, whither his 
 natural son, of the same name, transported a 
 colony, which, for a short time, appeared to , pro- 
 mise success. These expectations, however, were 
 soon annihilated by young Smith's untimely fate, 
 who fell a victim to the treachery of one of the 
 O'Neils, the original possessors of the soU. 
 
 This untoward event, however, did not deter 
 others from entering upon similar projects. Brian 
 MacPhelim O'Neil had seized a great part of the 
 district of Clan-na-boy, burnt the town of Knock- 
 fergus, and raised great tumults in the country. 
 Walter Devereux Viscount Hereford, who, for his 
 great services in suppressing the rebellion in the 
 north, during the preceding year, had been created 
 Earl of Essex, was desirous of undertaking the 
 settlement and plantation of the country. This 
 design was fostered by those of the court who were 
 desirous of being freed from the restraint of his 
 presence. An arrangement was accordingly made 
 by which Essex was to be invested with a moiety 
 of the country he conquered and thus settled ; and 
 that the army engaged should be maintained at the 
 joint expense of the queen and himself, each soldier 
 
15 73. J ESSEX LANDS AT KNOCKFERGUS. 
 
 CXV 
 
 to receive a certain grant of land at a nominal 
 rent. The earl was to be commander-in-chief for 
 seven years, and, in conjunction with the crown, 
 continue the colonization until a thousand English 
 settlers should be established on each moiety.^ 
 
 Great jealousies arose on the part of the Lord 
 Deputy relative to Essex's commission, and several 
 delays and impediments occurred which prevented 
 his sailing until August 1573. So great, how- 
 ever, was the confidence in this expedition, that 
 Essex, to raise the necessary funds, mortgaged his 
 estates to the queen for ten thousand pounds, and 
 many English noblemen, and persons of distinc- 
 tion, determined to risk their lives and fortunes 
 in the undertaking. Among these was Sir Peter 
 Carew, who acted as Marshal of the army. Essex 
 landed at Knockfergus on the 16th of September, 
 where he found Brian Mac Phehm, Hugh O'Neil,^ 
 son of Mathew of Dungannon, and even Turlough 
 Lynough himself, ready to resist him. Through 
 the machinations of Essex's enemies, his difficidties 
 stiU continued. In order to appease the Lord 
 Deputy, it was agreed that his commission should 
 be issued by the latter, so that the earl might 
 appear to be acting under his authority. The 
 transmission of this document was intentionally 
 delayed, and the Irish had secret intimation that 
 
 ' A note of the agreement between the Queen and the Earl 
 of Essex is preserved in Lamb. MS. 611, foKo 182. 
 ' Afterwards the great Earl of Tyrone. 
 
 I 2 
 
CXvi DESMOND STTBMITS TO ESSEX. [1574. 
 
 they might resist the earl with impunity. They 
 soon began to despise his numbers, and resorted 
 to their old system of warfare, harassing the 
 English forces by perpetual skirmishes. It was 
 soon found that the delays which had been inten- 
 tionally caused were fatal to the campaign, and 
 many of the earl's associates, perceiving that all 
 his designs were secretly counteracted, on various 
 pretences withdrew jfrom the enterprise. 
 
 Sir Peter Carew wrote several letters to 
 Sir William Cecil, strongly representing the 
 inadequacy of the powers conferred upon Essex, 
 and entreating for the amendment of his commis- 
 sion, but without effect. It was not intended by 
 those who had influence with the queen that 
 the expedition should be successful. Sir Peter's 
 health, however, having failed, he was, in Novem- 
 ber 1573, prevailed upon by Essex to retire from 
 the army for that cause, as well as to give him an 
 opportunity of appeasing some feuds in his barony 
 of Odrone.^ 
 
 At last, in 1574, the Lord Deputy sent the 
 earl his patent. Perceiving him to be engaged in 
 fortifying Clan-na-boy, he gave him positive orders 
 to pursue the Earl of Desmond one way, whilst he 
 pressed him another. Essex obeyed, and had the 
 good fortune either to force or persuade Desmond 
 
 ' See Letter of the Earl of Essex to the Council, dated 
 2nd November, 1573, No. 27, Appendix H. 
 
15 75. J Essex's failure. cxvii 
 
 to submit. This act gained Essex great credit, 
 and his success, in all probability would have been 
 still greater, had not his hands been tied by the 
 fallacious arts of his enemies, who made the most 
 unwarrantable attempts to damage his reputation. 
 
 In the month of April 1575, in order to supply 
 those qualifications necessary to the successful 
 termination of the war, in which the Earl of Essex 
 was reputed to be deficient, the queen, confiding in 
 the experience, wisdona, and courage of Sir Peter 
 Carew, and considering the Mendship which existed 
 between the earl and him, called upon him to 
 repair unto Essex, and aid him with his council and 
 advice. For this purpose he was granted the 
 office of lieutenant with pay for twenty horsemen.^ 
 
 It does not appear that Sir Peter obeyed 
 these orders. Probably his health would not 
 permit him to do so. His course was now nearly 
 run, for after a short but painful illness, he died at 
 Ross on the 27th of November in the same year, 
 a stout soldier, a loyal subject, and a most disin- 
 terested patriot. 
 
 The career of Essex continued to be marked 
 by misfortune, and except the zeal of his attendants, 
 the affections of the EngHsh soldiers, and the 
 esteem of the native Irish, he gained nothing by 
 all his anxieties and exertions. Worn out by 
 chagrin and fruitless fatigues, he was finally com- 
 
 ' See No. 30, Appendix H. 
 
cxviii Essex's death. [1576. 
 
 pelled to surrender his commission, and in the 
 spring of 1576 he returned to England, where he 
 did not attempt to dissemble his indignation at 
 the unjust treatment he had received. 
 
 His stay at court, however, not being agree- 
 able to the Earl of Leicester, the queen was pre- 
 vailed upon to send him back again to Ireland, 
 with the high-sounding title of Earl Marshal of 
 that kingdom. He soon found that his position 
 was not improved, the underhand dealings of his 
 enemies still followed him, thwarting all his pur- 
 poses. Grief and vexation brought on an attack 
 of dysentery, from which he died at Dublin on the 
 2nd September, 1576. 
 
The dyfcourfe and dyfcoverye of the lyffe of Sir 
 Peter Car ewe, of Mohonefeotrey , yn the Countie 
 of Devon, knight, who died at Rofse, yn Ire- 
 lande, a° ^57 5' ^ftd was buryed yn the Citie 
 of Waterforde ; colleSled by John Vowell, als. 
 Hoker, of the Citie of Excester, gent. 
 
 This Sir Peter Carew was born, and defcended, 
 of the honourable and ancient houfe and family of 
 the Carews, who firft were barons in the county of 
 Pembroke, in Wales, and afterwards of Mohun's 
 Ottery in Devon : his firft proper and ancient name 
 is Montgomeroye. But by reafon that one Eugenius, 
 his anceftor did marry one Engharthe, the daughter 
 to Rhefius, Prince of Wales, and thereby made Baron 
 of the caftle of Carew, in the county of Pembroke, 
 the name of honour, in courfe of time, became to be 
 the name of the family, and fo the natural and proper 
 name of Montgomeroye, grew into the name of 
 Carew.^ This Sir Peter Carew was the younger fon 
 
 ' There are various MS. pedigrees extaut of this distinguished 
 family, of which the most clear and satisfactory we have seen, as 
 regards the earlier period of its history, is one in the handwriting of 
 Sir George Carew, Earl of Totnes, among the Carew MSS., in the 
 
4 His Education. [1524. 
 
 fchool, and lodged him with one Thomas Hunt/ a 
 draper and alderman of that city, and did put him to 
 fchool to one Freers,^ then mafter of the grammar 
 fchool there. And whether it were that he was in 
 fear of the faid Freer, for he was counted to be a 
 very hard and cruel mafter, or whether it were for 
 that he had no afFedlion to his learning, true it is he 
 would never keep his fchool, but was a daily truant 
 and always ranging : whereof the fchool-mafter mis- 
 liking did oftentimes complain unto the forefaid 
 
 In the 3rd of Henry VIII, at the burial of William Courteney, 
 Earl of Devon, Sir Bdmond Carew, Baron of Carew, being in complete 
 armour, mounted on a coursier, covered with black cloth, rode 
 through the body of the cathedral church at Exeter, until he came 
 to the choir door, where he alighted from his horse, holding in his 
 right hand the Earl's battle axe with the point downwards. Then 
 he was conducted by two knights (heralds going before them), to 
 the high altar, where he offered up to the bishop the battle axe, and 
 from thence he was conveyed to the vestry. 
 
 ' Thomas Hunt was a person of some consideration in the city of 
 Exeter. He was admitted into the corporation of Exeter about the 
 year 1612 or 13. He served the office of mayor, in 1516, when he 
 is described as "taker." He appears among the aldermen or 
 bailiffs, in 1521, when he is called " draper." In 1523, which would 
 seem to be the year preceding the period mentioned in the text, he 
 was selected to take the office of mayor in the room of John Symms, 
 deceased, during the absence of WiUiam Hurst, in London. He is 
 now again described as " baher.'" He appears to have served during 
 the whole remaining period of the mayoralty, as WiUiam Hurst was 
 mayor the following year. 
 
 2 We can find no trace of Freers. There was a Grammar School at 
 St. John's Hospital, at Exeter, before the present one. This hospital 
 suffered the same fate as other similar establishments at the dissolu- 
 tion. It was a small foundation consisting of a prior and four 
 brothers, one of whom was the master of the school, and probably 
 Freer was one of these. 
 
1 5 24- J His Education. 5 
 
 Thomas Hunt, his hoft : upon which complaint, fo 
 made, the faid Thomas would go, and fend, abroad to 
 feek out the faid Peter. And, among many times thus 
 feeking him, it happened that he found him about 
 the walls of the said city, and he, running to take 
 him, the boy climbed up upon the top of one of the 
 higheft garrets of a turret of the faid wall, and would 
 not, for any requeft, come down, faying moreover 
 to his hoft that if he did prefs too faft upon him he 
 would furely caft himfelf down headlong over the 
 wall : and then, faith he, " I fhall break my neck 
 and thou ftialt be hanged, becaufe thou makeft me to 
 leap down." His hoft, being afraid of the boy, 
 departed and left fome to watch him, and fo to take 
 him, as foon as he came down. But forthwith he fent 
 to Sir William Carew, and did advertife him of this, 
 and of fundry other ftirewed parts of his fon Peter : 
 who, at his next coming then to Exeter, calling his 
 fon before him, tied him in a line, and delivered him 
 to one of his fervants to be carried about the town, 
 as one of his hounds, and they led him home to 
 Mohun's Ottery, like a dog. And after that, he 
 being come to Mohun's Ottery, he coupled him to 
 one of his hounds, and fo continued him for a time. 
 At length. Sir William, minding to make fome 
 further proof of his fon, carried him to London, and 
 there did put him to fchool unto the fchool-mafter of 
 Paul's, 1 who being earneftly requefted to have fome 
 
 ' St, Paul's school was founded by Dr. John Colet, dean of St. 
 
6 His Education. [^S'^^' 
 
 care of this young gentleman, he did his good endea- 
 vour therein, neverthelefs, he being more defirous 
 of liberty than of learning, was defirous of the one 
 and carelefs of the other : and do what the fchool- 
 mafter could, he in no wife could frame this young 
 Peter to fmell to a book, or to like of any fchooling. 
 Not long after. Sir William Carew, being again come 
 to London, and defirous to underftand how his young 
 fon profpered, had conference with the faid fchool 
 mafter, who advertifed him of the untowardnefs of 
 his fon, and perfuaded him to employ him in fome 
 other thing, for that he neither loved the fchool nor 
 cared for learning. 
 
 It happened that the faid Sir William walking in 
 Paul's, at his then abode in London, he met with a 
 gentleman of his old acquaintance, who then ferved 
 in the French Court : and after that they had renewed 
 
 Paul's, between 1508 and 1612, for the education of 153 children. 
 The first high master was William Lilly, who was appointed by the 
 founder, in 1512, and was succeeded by John Eightwyse, in 1522. 
 
 Dr. Oolet was the eldest son of Sir Henry Colet, knt., twice lord 
 mayor of London. He was born in 1466, and in 1483, was sent 
 to the University of Oxford, where he spent seven years. He left 
 the University when only 19 years of age, and was instituted to the 
 Rectory of Denington, in Suffolk. In 1490, he was also presented to 
 the Rectory of Thyming, in Huntingdonshire. On the 14th of March, 
 1494, he was installed in the prebend of Botevant in the cathedral 
 of York. In 1504, was admitted D.D., and on the 5th of May, 1505, 
 was instituted to the prebend of Mora, in the cathedral of St. Pavd's, 
 and, in the same month, he was made dean of that church. He died 
 on the 15th of September, 1619, and was buried in St. Paul's. He 
 was a very learned divine and famous preacher, and having no near 
 relation, dedicated the whole of his property to works of piety and 
 charity. 
 
[1525. A Start in Life. 7 
 
 their old familiarity and acquaintance, the faid gentle- 
 man, feeing this young Peter Carew attending and 
 awaiting upon his father, did afk him what he was, 
 and then, underftanding that he was the fon of Sir 
 William, and perceiving him to be very forward and 
 of a pregnant wit, afked Sir William whether he 
 would put his fon unto him to be brought up in the 
 court of France, promifing that if he would fo do, 
 he would bring him up and ufe him like a gentleman, 
 and do as much for him as if he were his own fon. 
 Sir William, feeing that he could not frame his fon 
 to like of his book, was contented, and did accept 
 the offer. And furnifhing his fon with apparel, and 
 all other things neceflary for a gentleman's page, he 
 delivered him unto the faid gentleman, who, for a 
 time, was very dainty and made much of him ; but as 
 the young gentleman's apparel was foon worn and 
 fpent, fo the mafter's whote^ love foon waxed cold and 
 faint, and of a page he was made a lackey, being 
 turned out of the chamber to ferve in the ftable ; 
 there as a mulett to attend his mafter's mule. And 
 fo, in the order of a mulett, did attend and ferve his 
 mafter, howbeit, the young boy, having by thefe 
 means fome liberty, and trained up in the company 
 of fuch as he liked well, he was contented with his 
 
 eftate. 
 
 It happened after fome time that one Carew of 
 
 Haccombe,^ in the county of Devon, Efquire, a kins- 
 
 ' Hot — still in use. 
 ' Haccombe was formerly part of the possessions of Jordan de 
 
8 A Difcovery. [^S'^S- 
 
 man to Sir William Carew, they both being coufins- 
 german in the fifth degree, a gentleman of great 
 courage and valour, and defirous to ferve and fee 
 countries, was, by King Henry VIII, recommended 
 to the French king with his letters of commendation ; 
 who, prefenting himfelf to the French king, was 
 received and had entertainment, having the charge of 
 a hundred horfemen. This gentleman, as he was riding 
 to the court, and being come before the court gate, 
 there were fundry lackeys and horfeboys playing 
 together, and among them, this Peter Carew being 
 one, a boy called out unto him, " Carew Anglois ! 
 Carew Anglois ! " At which words, the faid 
 Carew looked about, and afked who it was that was 
 
 Haccombe, from whom it descended through the families of Arch- 
 deacon and Talbot, to Courteney. By the marriage of Sir Nicholas 
 Baron Carew, with Ivan, the only daughter and heir of Sir Hugh 
 Courtney, this, with many other manors, passed to the Carews. Sir 
 Nicholas had five sons, the eldest having given offence to his mother, 
 she divided sixteen manors among her younger children. From 
 Nicholas, the second son, descended the Haccomb line. The gentle- 
 man referred to in the text, according to " L'Histoire Glnealogique 
 ■de la Maiaon de Carew" was John Carew, of Haccomb, who is therein 
 stated to have been sent by Henry VIII, to serve the French king, 
 and died at Pavia, where he was buried." 
 
 Haccombe is the smallest parish in England, containing only two 
 houses, the manor house, and the parsonage, and enjoys extraor- 
 dinary privileges. It is not included in any hundred ; no officer, 
 civil or military, has right to take cognizance of any proceeding 
 in this parish : and by a royal grant it was exempted from all duties 
 and taxes in consequence of some noble services done by the ances- 
 tors of the Carews. The rector of the parish has also great privileges. 
 He is arohpriest, and it is said, may claim the right of wearing lawn 
 sleeves, of sitting next the bishop, and is under the visitation of the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury alone. -Prince's Worthies of Devon. 
 
1532.] Courtly Favour. 9 
 
 called Carew Anglois, which is to fay, the Englifh 
 Carew ; and then perceiving that it was one of the 
 mideteer boys called him, who was then all too 
 ragged, and very fimply apparelled ; and he 
 examined what he was, whofe fon, and what was 
 his name, who anfwered him, that he was an Englifh 
 boy, the fon of Sir William Carew, of Devon, knight, 
 and that his name was Peter ; and did ferve firft as 
 the page, but now as the muleteer of a certain French 
 gentleman in the court, who brought him out of 
 England. Then the faid Mr. " Accume" Carew, 
 having good natural affeftions to this his kinfman, 
 commanded one of his men to take the charge of the 
 mule, which this Peter before kept, and, taking this 
 Peter with him, went throughout the court, and 
 fought the gentleman, whom, when he had found, he 
 fo talked him, and fo reproved him for the hard 
 handling of this young Peter, that he was contented 
 to forgo his page, and fo feek a new lackey. Imme - 
 diately, this young gentleman by his kinfman is new 
 apparelled, and for a fpace trained up under his kins- 
 man in the court of France like a gentleman, and in 
 riding and other fuch exercifes as moft meet for one 
 of fervice. 
 
 Not long after, the wars began between Charles 
 
 the Emperor, and the French king, whose name was 
 
 ^and the French king minding to 
 
 give an attempt to the recovery and conqueft of the 
 
 city of Pavia, in Italy, fendeth a great army thither, 
 
 ' Francis I succeeded to the Crown, 1515. 
 
lo Courtly Favour. ['SS^- 
 
 and among others, this Carew, of Haccombe 
 
 was one, who, in his journey, travelling thither- 
 wards, died. Then a nobleman of France named 
 the Marquis of Salewe, who was of great acquaintance 
 and familiarity with the aforfaid Carew, knowing 
 by that means this young Peter, and the forward 
 disposition of him, took him and gave him entertain- 
 ment, and fo he attended him, and was at the fiege 
 of Pavia, at which the faid French king was taken, 
 and this marquis, with a fhot of a gun, flain. ^ 
 
 Then this young gentleman perceiving fortune 
 to frown upon the French fide, and the army being 
 difperfed, he could have no longer entertainment, he 
 getteth himfelf to the emperor's camp, and there 
 found such favour, that the Prince of Orange fancied 
 and received him : and received him into his enter- 
 tainment, and confidered him very liberally. And 
 this Peter liking well of his service, continued with 
 this lord in his court about a year and a half, and 
 until the faid prince died ; and after his death, 
 continued with the Princefs, who gave him very good 
 and honourable entertainment. ^ 
 
 1 23rd February, 1525—6. 
 
 ^ Philibert de Chalons, son of John, by Philiberta of Luxemburg, 
 succeedad his father, 1602. Captain-General of the Spaniards, 1623. 
 Viceroy o'. Kaples, 1528 — 30. Slain at the siege of Florence, where 
 he commanded the forces of the Emperor Charles V, 1630. He was 
 never married, and his only sister Claudia being the wife of Henry of 
 Nassau, ha made her son Renatus, or Rene bis heir, reserving the 
 '' usufruct" of the Principality to his mother Philiberta. This, there- 
 fore, must have been the princess mentioned in the text. 
 
1532.J Courtly Favour. 11 
 
 At length this young gentleman being now grown 
 to ripe years, and somewhat languifhing in desire to 
 fee his friends and country, maketh his humble fuit 
 to the princefs for her lawful favour and leave fo to 
 do ; who fo favoured him, that at the first fhe was not 
 willing thereunto; for fo honeft was his conditions, 
 and fo courteous was his behaviour, and fo forward 
 in all honeft exercifes, and efpecially in all prowefs 
 and virtue, that he had ftolen the hearts, and gained 
 the love of all perfons unto him, and efpecially of the 
 princefs. Neverthelefs, in the end ftie yielded unto 
 his requeft, and provided all things neceflary and 
 meet for the furnifhing of him, not only as one born 
 of an honourable lineage, but alfo as one departing 
 from a noble princefs. 
 
 Firft, therefore, fhe recommended him by her 
 letters to King Henry the Vlllth, giving him fuch 
 recommendations as both he deferved, and the king 
 well liked. The like letters alfo fhe fent by him to 
 Sir William Carew. Then fhe appointed two of her 
 gentlemen, with their fervants, to accompany and 
 attend him home ; and, at his departure, gave him a 
 chain of gold about his neck, and ftore of money in 
 his purfe, promifing him that if he would return 
 again to her, he fhould have such a gentleman's 
 entertainment, as he fhould be well contented and 
 like well of; for which her great offers, and many 
 courtefies, when this young gentleman had given 
 his moft humble thanks, he took his leave and 
 departed. 
 
 K 
 
12 Return Home, [^SS^- 
 
 As foot! as he was arrived in England, he, with 
 his company repaired forthwith to the court, — the 
 king being then at Greenwich, — and there they pre- 
 fented themfelves before him, and made delivery of 
 their letters, which, when the king had perused and 
 read he very thankfully accepted them, and forth- 
 with examineth this young Peter Carew, and finding 
 him to be anfwerable to the princefs's report and 
 commendations, taketh good liking and joy of him, 
 and receiveth him into his fervice, and maketh him 
 one of his henchmen. And the Princefs's men he 
 commandeth to be entertained, and at their depar- 
 ture gave them five hundred crowns, as alfo his 
 letters of commendations and thanks to the princefs. 
 
 This young gentleman being thus placed, and in 
 favour with the king, defireth leave that he might 
 vifit his father, whom he had not feen in fix years, 
 and unto whom he had also letters from the princefs : 
 which being obtained, he, with his aforefaid company, 
 rode to Mohun's Ottery, where his father dwelt, and 
 being come to the house, and underfl:anding his father 
 and mother to be within, went into the house without 
 further delay, and finding them fitting together in a 
 parlour, forthwith, without any words, in moft humble 
 manner, kneeled down before them, and afked their 
 bleffing, and therewith prefented unto him the Princefs 
 of Orange's letters. 
 
 The faid Sir William and his lady, at this fudden 
 fight were aftonifiied, much mufing what it fhould 
 mean that a young gentleman fo well apparelled, and 
 
1 5 32-] At the English Court. 13 
 
 fo well accompanied, ftiould thus proftrate himfelf 
 before them ; for they thought nothing lefs than of 
 their fon Peter, who having been away from them 
 about fix years, and never heard of, did think verily 
 that he had been dead and forlorn. But Sir William 
 having read the princefs's letters, and fo perfuaded 
 that he was his fon Peter, were not a little joyful, but 
 received him with all gladnefs, as alfo welcomed the 
 gentlemen, whom he and his wife entertained in the 
 beft manner they could. After a few days fpent at 
 Mohun's Ottery, the faid Peter prayed his father's 
 leave to return to the court, and the gentlemen to 
 their country, whom he not only conduced onwards 
 in their journey, but alfo liberally rewarded the 
 gentlemen, and by them fent his moft humble letters 
 of thanks to the princefs. 
 
 Peter Carew being returned to the court, the king 
 had great delight and pleafure in him, for he had not 
 only the French tongue, which was as ripe in him as 
 his own natural Englifh tongue, but was alfo very witty, 
 full of life, and altogether given to all fuch honeft 
 exercifes as do appertain to a gentleman, and efpecially 
 in riding, for therein he had a fpecial love and defire. 
 
 After that he had been a henchman about two 
 years, and he being above the age of a gentleman of 
 that fervice, was removed from a henchman and 
 made one of the privy chamber. And the king being 
 minded on a time to go to Calais, and there to meet 
 with the French king, would oftentimes talk with 
 this Peter Carew of the French Court, who could 
 
 K 2 
 
14 At the Court of France. [1535- 
 
 and did anfwer fo full In everything, and could name 
 every nobleman in France, in what credit and counte- 
 nance he was in the court, that the king the more he 
 talked with him the more he delighted in him. And 
 therefore when he pafled over to Calais this Peter 
 Carew was one of the chiefeft about the king, and 
 was one of the gentlemen who was appointed to 
 attend when the great Lord Admiral of France^ was 
 made Knight of the Garter. And fuch was his 
 behaviour there at that time, that the French king 
 gave him great commendation and praife.^ 
 
 After the king his return into England about two 
 years, being the xxvii* year of his reign, the Lord 
 William Howard* was fent into Scotland to King 
 James the fifth, to offer and prefent unto him the 
 Order of the Garter, and among others, this gentle- 
 man, Peter Carew, was one appointed to attend in 
 this fervice, who behaved himfelf in fuch good order 
 in the court there, the Scots prefuaded themfelves, by 
 reafon of his ripenes in the French tongue, and his 
 behaviour after the French manner, that he had been 
 fome French lord, for, of all others, he was moll 
 
 1 Philip de Chabot, Lord of Byron, Count of Nieublanche, Admi- 
 ral of Prance, 1526—41 ; Governor of Picardy, 1527 ; of Burgundy, 
 1527. Elected Knight of the Garter 1532. Deprived and impri- 
 soned 1541 ; restored, 1541; died 1542. 
 
 '- 11th October, 1532. 
 
 ' Eldest son of Thomas, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, by his second wife, 
 Agnes, daughter of Hugh TUney. Sent ambassador to Scotland 1534, 
 to France 1541. In 1553 he was made Deputy of Calais, and in the 
 following year created Lord Howard of Effingham, and, about the 
 same time, Lord Admiral of England, Ireland, and Wales, and Knight 
 of the Garter. In 1572 he was appointed Lord Privy Seal, but died 
 on 11th January, 1572-3. 
 
1 5 3 5 •] ^" ^^^ Retinue of Anne of Cleves. 1 5 
 
 praifed and commended, which being reported to the 
 king his mafter, he was at his return well commended 
 and rewarded of him. 
 
 About three years after this a marriage was con- 
 cluded between the king and the Lady Anne of 
 Cleves, namely in the xxxi^' year of the king's reign, 
 and for the receiving of her at Calais, and for the 
 wafting of her from thence into England, was 
 appointed Sir William Fitzwilliams, Earl of South- 
 ampton, and Lord Great Admiral of England.^ And 
 among fundry other lufty gentlemen meet for this 
 fervice, this Peter Carew was one, who so well 
 acquitted himfelf, that he reaped that praife and 
 commendation as he did well deferve. 
 
 Not long after this the wars were begun between 
 the Turk and the King of Hungary,^ and upon that 
 occafion the moft common fpeeches in the court were 
 of the great Turk,^ and of the royalty of his court, 
 and what a mighty prince he was, and how that he 
 
 ' Sir William FitzwUliam, third son of Sir Thomas FitzwUliam of 
 Aldwark, by Lucy, daughter and heir of John Nevil, Marquis of 
 Montacute. Sir William was knighted for his service at Tournay ; 
 made Vice-Admiral of England 1520, Ambassador to France 1521, 
 Admiral of the Fleet 1523, Captain of Guisnes 1524, Treasurer of the 
 Household 1525, aud again Ambassador to France, as he was also in 
 1555. He was K.G. and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. 
 Lord High Admiral 1536, Earl of Southampton 1537, and Lord 
 Privy Seal 1541. Died 1542. He married Mabel, eldest daughter 
 of Henry Lord Clifford, and sister to Henry, first Earl of Cumberland 
 and Westmoreland, by whom he had issue two sons who both died 
 before him. 
 
 ^ Ferdinand, king of the Romans, brother of Charles V. 
 
 ^ Solimau I, surnamed the Magnificent, succeeded to the throne 1 520. 
 
1 6 Foreign Travel. [1540. 
 
 had conquered the ftrong city of Buda, in Hungary ; 
 which fo pierced the young lufty gentlemen of the 
 court, that many of them were defirous to travel and 
 fee the fame. But none were found, nor more 
 defirous, than this- Peter Carew, whofe chief defire 
 was to travel countries, and to fee ftrange fafhions. 
 And, conferring herein with a kinfman of his, then 
 alfo ferving in the court, named John Champernoun, 
 the fon to Sir Philip Champernoun,^ and the Lady 
 Katherine, his wife, and aunt to the faid Peter, who, 
 as foon as he had heard of the motion, the other was 
 no more willing than he was ready and forward, they 
 thinking every one day to be ten before the journey 
 was taken in hand. Wherefore, many and fundry 
 conferences had between them, they agreed the matter 
 fliould be broken to the king, and therewith they to 
 make their humble fuits for his lawful leave an favour. 
 The king accepting of their fuit, did like well of 
 their minds, but nothing liked to adventure them in 
 fo perilous a journey, wherein more fear was to be 
 thought of lofs to their perfons than profit of their 
 travels, and therefore he would not, at the firft, grant 
 thereunto. Neverthelefs, by often fuits and fundry 
 mediations, the king, at length confidering the noble 
 minds of the gentlemen, was contented to grant their 
 
 1 Sir Philip Champernoun of Modbury, in the county of Devon, 
 Knight, married Katherine, daughter of Sir Edmund Carew, (the 
 last Baron Carew) of Mohun's Ottery, Knight, by Katherine, daughter 
 and heir of Sir William Hudesfield of Shellingford, Knight. Sir 
 Philip served the office of Sheriff of Devon in the 18 Henry VIIL, 
 (1527.) 
 
1 5 4° -J Foreign Travel. 17 
 
 requefts. Whereupon they prepared all things meet 
 and neceflary for fo long a journey ; towards which, 
 whatfoever they procured among their friends, none 
 was more bountiful unto them than the king himfelf ; 
 who not only furnifhed them with money, but alfo 
 gave them letters of commendation to fundry noble- 
 men as well in France as in Italy. 
 
 Wherefore, in the next fpring time following, and 
 having all things in readinefs meet for their journey, 
 they, with one Mr. Henry Knolles, took their leave 
 of the king, and of their friends, and pafled over into 
 France, and from thence into Italy ; and having fpen^ 
 the whole fummer in travelling through thofe two 
 realms, they minded to travel into Venice, and there 
 to reft all the next winter, which they did. And 
 then, having procured a fafe condud: of the Turk's 
 ambaflador there, they, in the next fpring, leaving 
 Mr, Henry Knolles, and others who had accompanied 
 them so far, took fhipping and pafled from thence to 
 Arrogofe,^ the fame being the courfe of about five 
 hundred leagues, and being there arrived, they pafl'ed 
 by land to Conftantinople, which is about a thoufand 
 miles. 
 
 And although they had a fufficient fafe conduft 
 from the Turk's ambaflador in Venice, yet they were 
 
 ' Ragusa, a city of Dalmatia, situated ou the Gulf of Venice. 
 The large ships called "Argosies," mentioned by Shakespeare in his 
 " Merchant of Venice" (Act 1, scene 1), are supposed to have derived 
 their name from this place. Ricaut, in his " Maximsof Turkish Polity," 
 speaking of them, says, " they were corruptly so denominated from 
 " Kagosiea,'' i. e. ships of Eagusa. Although to soine extent an inde- 
 
1 8 Foreign Travel. [i54i- 
 
 examined what they were, and what bufinefs they had 
 there to do : who being loath to be known to be 
 gentlemen, and that their travelling fhould be only 
 to fee the Turk's court, for fo they might have put 
 themfelves in great peril, they alleged that they were 
 merchants, and came to seek for alum,^ under which 
 colour they remained there about fix weeks, or two 
 months, and in that time they vifited the Turk's 
 
 pendent state, Ragusa, at this time, paid tribute to the Porte. It 
 was a sort of neutral ground and outv/ork of Christianity against the 
 Infidel, affording refuge and hospitality to all who were oppressed 
 and sought protection within its walls. It was, moreover, the centre 
 of intercourse between Western Europe and Constantinople. Sultan 
 Selim II. used to say that he received more correct information 
 respecting the affairs of the Christians, through the merchants of 
 Ragusa, than from all his pashas and sandjacks. It was also the 
 usual route to the Turkish capital. Ambassadors to the Porte from 
 Venice, France, and other Christian countries, after a short naviga- 
 tion across the Adriatic, landed at Ragusa, and proceeded thence by 
 land to Constantinople. 
 
 There was a ship in the English navy in 1543 called the "Arro- 
 gasye," or "Aragozia," in which Admiral Sir Thomas Clere hoisted 
 his flag. See State Papers, vol. i, p. 799 <fe 810. 
 
 ' In the middle ages, alum was almost wholly procured from 
 Egypt and the east. There was a manufactory at Bdessa or Orfa, in 
 Mesopotamia, within the Turkish district of Rocha, whence is 
 derived the name of " Roche Alum," still in use. But it having been 
 found in several places in Italy, particularly at La Tolfa, Pope 
 Pius II., desirous of monopolising the trade, in the middle of the 
 fifteenth century, prohibited the introduction of oriental alum. 
 
 In the reign of Edward VI, alum, or at least indications of alum 
 had been found in Ireland. In the instructions given to Sir James 
 Crofts when sent as Deputy into Ireland in 1650, (Lamb. M.S. 
 611, fo. 81,) is the following paragraph: "Oursayd Deputy shall 
 also with thadvise aforesayd (of the Council), make search for the 
 mine of alum, and cause the same to be tryed to perfection, and 
 being founde good, then to stay the same, as it may be wrought for 
 vs, and employed to the best purpose and most proflitt.' A few years 
 
154I-] Foreign Travel. 19 
 
 court, and faw him twice or thrice in his greateft 
 royalty and glory, as also entered into acquaint- 
 ance with the French king's ambaflador, who had 
 great afFedtion to them both, but. fpecially to the 
 faid Peter Carew by reafon that his French tongue 
 was fo perfect, as alfo his behaviour tafting after the 
 French manner. Howbeit they, being not able to 
 diflemble their own eftates, were in the end had in 
 great fufpicion, and like to have been taken and 
 apprehended, had not the French Ambaflador flood 
 their good friend, for he did not only advife them of 
 the fame, but, alfo helped to convey them both 
 away in a merchant fhipp, then there in readinefs to 
 pafs away from thence into Venice. And with them 
 they carried a gentleman of Spain who had been a 
 captive, or prifoner, in Turkey about fix years, and 
 whom, by means, they recovered or redeemed. 
 
 At their arrival Into Venice they new apparelled 
 this Spaniard, and beftowed great charges upon his 
 promife of repayment to be made with great thanks, 
 but he having liberty and all things at will, flole 
 
 afterwards it had been discovered iu England, for in the State Paper 
 Office is the draft of an agreement between Queen Elizabeth and 
 one Cornelius de Vos, dated 1565, for working all manner of mines, 
 or ores of alum, coperas, or the Ucquors of them, specially within the 
 Isle of Wight. It was not, however, manufactured to any great 
 extent in this country until the end of the century. Sir Thomas 
 Chaloner, travelling in Italy in 1595, observed that the mineral from 
 which it was made abounded on his own estate at Whitby, in York- 
 shire. He, therefore, engaged Italian workmen for the purpose of 
 testing his discovery, but so great was the jealousy shown by the 
 Pope, that it is said he was obliged to get them on board his ship iu 
 casks. Alum has since been found near Glasgow. 
 
20 Foreign Travel. \^i^^i. 
 
 away from them without taking leave or giving once 
 " graunde mercyes." 
 
 At their being in Venice they were advertifed how 
 that the King of Hungary was lying at the fiege of 
 Buda, which ftandeth upon the river of Danubius, and 
 which the Turk, about two years paft, had recovered 
 from the faid King. And they, being defirous to fee 
 the manner of thefe wars, and the manner of that 
 country, diredted their journey thitherwards. And in 
 their journey they went unto the Duke of Seravia, 
 who, before, at their firfl: being in Italy, had received 
 by them letters in their commendation from King 
 Henry the Vlllth, and he did very honourably 
 receive, welcome, and entertain them, calling them his 
 fellows, and using them as his companions, for he had 
 a yearly penfion of the King of England. 
 
 From thence they went to Milan, where they had 
 the like entertainment of the Marquis de Gashayes, 
 who was alfo a penfioner of King Henry. And from 
 thence they went ftraight unto Buda, where King 
 Ferdinand lay then at the fiege. Within this city 
 was the wife and the fon^ of Vavoida, who made the 
 claim to the fame city, and in whofe behalf the Turk 
 recovered it. And with them, within, was a mighty 
 army, who made fundry aflails upon the hoft of 
 Ferdinand, as alfo, in the end, the Turk, with a great 
 army, came to raife the fiege, wherewith the faid 
 
 > John or Stephen, son of John Sepuse, of Way wodo, Transylvania, 
 ))orn 1540, died 1571. 
 
i54i'J Return to England. 21 
 
 King, being not able to prevail, removed the fiege 
 and departed. 
 
 And then, there being no further fervice to be 
 done, they went to Vienna in Auftria, and there they 
 met with one Mr. Wingfield, their old friend and 
 acquaintance, but they continued not many days 
 together, before they fell all fick in the bloody flux, 
 in the which difeafe Wingfield and Champernoun 
 died. Immediately whereupon this Peter Carew, 
 having the difeafe upon him, took his horfe and 
 travelled back unto Venice, and there flayed for a 
 time until he recovered his health, and then returned 
 homewards, and came into England. 
 
 Immediately upon his arrival, he rode to the 
 court, and there prefented himfelf before the king, 
 and recounted unto him the whole courfe and fuccefs 
 of his journey. But the king firfl demanding for 
 John Champernoun, and underflanding of his death, 
 was very forry for the fame, and yet having this 
 gentleman of whom he made account, fo was the lefs 
 forrowful, as he was the more glad and willing to 
 hear of the news of his journey. Whereupon he 
 reported unto the king the whole order of his journey 
 as it was, the orders of France, the manners of Italy, 
 his entertainment there, the government and ftate of 
 Venice, the majefty of the Turk's Court, the wars of 
 the Hungarians, the defcription of Vienna, with many 
 other things ; but nothing was more liked than the 
 defcription of the Turk's Court and the manner of 
 his wars, which the more rare, the more delectable 
 
2 2 Expedition to Flanders. [ 1 5 4 3 • 
 
 and pleafant they were both to the king and nobility 
 to be heard. When he had faid all that he could, 
 the king and nobility liked fo well thereof, that from 
 time to time they would be ftill talking with him, 
 and efpecially the king himfelf, who had such a 
 liking of this Peter, that he much delighted to talk 
 with him. And by that means the said Peter con- 
 tinued ftill in the court, and fpent his time in all fuch 
 honeft exercifes as do appertain to a gentleman, and 
 wherein he excelled. For in finging, vaulting, and 
 efpecially for riding, he was not inferior to any in the 
 court, and whatfoever matches were made for any of 
 thefe exercifes, he for the moft part was always one. 
 
 About a year or more after his return, the king 
 joining with the Emperor, sent his defiance to the 
 French King and proclaimed open wars against him, 
 and forthwith fent over Sir John Wallop,^ with 6ooo 
 men, and with him were fent this Peter and his elder 
 brother. Sir George Carew : the elder being the 
 lieutenant of the horfemen,^ but the younger made 
 
 ' Sir John Wallop, knight, 1512 ; Lieutenant at Calais, 1630 ; 
 gentleman of the bedchamber. Great Marshal of Calais, 1526 ; 
 Ambassador in France, 1533-40, again 1541 ; Captain of Guisnes, 
 1541-46 ; Knight of the Garter, 1543 ; died, 1551. He accepted the 
 command of this expedition in a letter from Guisnes, addressed to 
 Thomas Wriothesley, Secretary of State, afterwards (1547), Earl of 
 Southampton, dated 12th of July, 1543. — Vide State Papers, vol. ix, 
 p. 444. 
 
 ^ Lieut.-General of the Horse. Sir George Carew was not only 
 brave in the war but expert in all knightly exercises. Thomas Alen, 
 chaplain to the Earl of Shrewsbury, writing to that nobleman, from 
 London, on 24th of May, 1516, says : Upon Monday and Tuesday last 
 
1 5 44- J Expedition to Flanders. 23 
 
 captain of 100 footmen: and thefe he clothed and 
 apparelled at his own charges all in black, and they 
 were named the black band. Both thefe brethren 
 did right noble and good fervice. 
 
 As they were marching from Calais to Landerfay/ 
 they were to pafs by the town of Tyrroyne, and being 
 come near the fame, a trumpet came out of the town^ 
 declaring unto the general, that there were certain 
 gentlemen within the town which were ready and 
 offered themfelves, fo many for fo many, with fharp 
 ftaifs on horfeback, to do fome feats of arms, and to 
 try the valour of the Englifti gentlemen. The general 
 liking very well the offer, called forth all his captains 
 and advertifeth them of this mefTage, but as all men 
 are not all one woman's children, no more are they 
 all of one difpofition, but, as the common proverb 
 
 there was a great joustiug at Greenwich ; the King's Grace, my Lord 
 of Suffolk, my Lord of Essex, Sir George Carew, were challengers ; 
 
 Sir William Kingston, Sir Giles Capel, Sedley, with divers 
 
 others, were defenders. — (Lodges lUus., vol. i, p. 19.) And again we 
 are told, he was one of the challengers at Tilt, Tourney, and Barrier, 
 at Durham House, 32, Henry VIII, (1540.) In the same year he was 
 one of the King's Councillors, of Calais, and Lieutenant of Ruisbank 
 In 1543, he was spoken of by Sir John Wallop as " a very good man 
 of war, and as mete to do his highness service as any other that is 
 comme at this time." — (State Papers, vol. ix., p. 455.) He was also 
 a distinguished Naval Captain, and Vice-Admiral, under Dudley, 
 Visct. Lisle, in 1645, in which year he was drowned in the Mary 
 Rose. — Vide page 33 and Appendix, B. 
 
 ' Landrecy. 
 
 '^ It appears from a letter from Sir John Wallop, to the Lords of 
 the Council, that the challenge on this occasion proceeded from him. 
 As this letter gives very full details of the proceedings before Tero- 
 neune, and also of the passage of Arms, mentioned in the text, it is 
 given in Appendix. A. 
 
24 Expedition to Flanders. [1544- 
 
 is, " fo many heads fo many wits," for fome were 
 of the mind that they thought it not good to put in 
 peril the lofs of any captain or gentleman, in and for 
 a vain bravery, when a further fervice of neceffity 
 was to be done. Neverthelefs, Sir George Carew 
 and this gentleman, were of fo hearty minds and great 
 courage that they requefted the contrary. And forth- 
 with one Shelley and one Calveley, with other gen- 
 tlemen offered, fix for fix, to answer the challenge the 
 next morning, 40 courfes a man, and they were no 
 more forward than the general was willing : and so 
 the trumpet was willed to return with his anfwer, 
 that the offer of the French gentlemen was accepted. 
 According to which conclufion, both parties, on 
 the next morning, met in a place for the purpofe 
 appointed, where this Peter fliewed what valour there 
 was in him ; for in the firfl: courfe which he rode he 
 took fuch advantage upon his adverfary, that he had 
 almoft overthrown both horfe and man, and in the 
 fecond courfe he broke his ftaff upon his adverfary. 
 And fo, this challenge performed, they went forth in 
 their journey and came to Landerfay, and there 
 joining themfelves unto the emperor's army, they 
 laid fiege to the town, and there continued about 
 four months until they removed the fiege and went 
 to Cambrafia,! where the French king was then, and 
 with whom they thought and determined verily to 
 have joined the battle. But the French king minding 
 
 ' Cambray, capital town of Cambresis, a district of Flanders. 
 
1 544-] Expedition to Flanders. 25 
 
 nothing lefs, fecretly, in the night, raifed his camp, 
 and departed away with as much fpeed as he could. 
 In the morning, his flight being difcovered, great pur- 
 fuits were made after him. In which chafe Sir George 
 Carew, being more forward than circumfpect, was 
 taken prifoner. But this gentleman, Peter his brother, 
 took a French gentleman, whom he carried with him 
 unto Calais, minding to ufe him for the redeeming of 
 his brother. Sir George. And when he was come to 
 Calais, there he new apparelled this gentleman, his 
 prifoner, and concluded with him that he fhould 
 either fend home Sir George Carew, or to pay him 
 certain hundreds of crowns for his ranfom, at a cer- 
 tain day then between them prefixed, which the said 
 gentleman, upon his faith, promifed to perform, and 
 was fo fet at liberty ; but as he little regarded his 
 faith, fo as flenderly did he perform his promife, to 
 his reproach and fliame, as in the end it fell out. 
 
 The next year following, or very fliortly after, 
 being the year of our lord 1544, the emperor and 
 the king continuing their wars againft the French 
 king, they appointed to invade France again. The 
 king therefore fent over two armies, the one into 
 Boulogne under the conducfl of Charles Brandon, 
 Duke of Suffolk,! ^}^q ^^g j-j^g general until the king 
 himfelf came in perfon. The other unto Montreuil, 
 
 ' Sir Charles Brandon, Viscount Lisle, 1513 ; Duke of Suffolk 
 1514 ; married Mary, sister of King Henry Vlllth, and Dowager of 
 Louis Xlltli of Prance 1515 ; Great Master of the Household and 
 Lord President 1540-1545 ; died 22nd August, 1545. 
 
26 Captain of Harde low. [i544- 
 
 under the condudt of the Duke of Norfolk^ and 
 Sir John Ruflelj^ then Privy Seal. Under the Duke 
 of Suffolk, among others, was this gentleman, Peter 
 Carew, he being the Captain, and having the charge 
 of a band of horfemen, and who did in that fervice 
 acquit himfelf very well, being as forward as the 
 foremoft, and who was one of the firft that entered 
 into Boulogne. At which time, alfo, he had committed 
 unto him the charge and cuftody of the Caftle of 
 Hardelow, which is about five miles from out of 
 Boulogne. And he, marching thitherward to take 
 the charge thereof, the Frenchmen who kept the 
 fame being advertifed of his coming, and hearing of 
 his name, did forfake the fame and fled away ; and 
 fo, at his coming thither, he found the caftle defolate. 
 At his being, and during his abode therein, which 
 was until the king returned into England, he kept as 
 liberal a houfe and as great a port as never more 
 bountifully in all his life. 
 
 It chanced that at his being at this caftle the 
 Duke of Suffolk fent for him to come to fpeak with 
 him, who forthwith repaired unto him, leaving the 
 
 1 Thomas Lord Howard created Knight of the Garter 1510 ; 
 Lord High Admiral 1613-1525 ; Earl of Surrey 1514-1524 ; Lord 
 Lieutenant of Ireland 1520-1 522 ; Lord High Treasurer 1522-1546 ; 
 third Duke of Norfolk 1524-54 ; attainted 1547 ; restored 1553 ; 
 died 1554. 
 
 2 Sir John Russell, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber 1513; 
 Knight of the Body 1532 ; Comptroller of the Household 1537 ; 
 KG. 1539 ; Lord Russel 1639 ; Lord High Admiral 1640-42 ; Lord 
 Privy Seal 3rd December, 1542 ; Lord High Steward 1547 ; Earl of 
 Bedford 1550 ; died 1554. 
 
1 544-] Return to England. 27 
 
 whole charge, as well of the caflle as of his men, 
 unto his lieutenant, named Richard Reynoldes, of 
 Weft Ogwell, in the county of Devon, Efquire.^ 
 And whilft he was with the duke, occafion fo ferved 
 that the duke requefted him to go unto the king in 
 a certain meflage, who, according to his, command- 
 ment, went to the king, unto whom, when he had 
 done his meflage, the king afked him why he came 
 from his charge, and what warrant he had for the 
 fame ; who anfwered, that the duke, being the general 
 of the field, had done it. To whom the king faid 
 that that was no fxifficient warrant for him, " for," 
 faith he, " learn this for a rule : fo long as we our- 
 felves are prefent there is no other general but our- 
 felves, neither can any man depart from his charge 
 without our fpecial warrant. And therefore you 
 being thus come hither without our commandment, 
 you are not able to anfwer for the fame if we fhould 
 minifter that which by law we may do." At which 
 words the faid Peter, humbling himfelf, defired 
 pardon. 
 
 The king, after the conqueft of the town,^ having 
 fet all things in good order, returned into England, 
 whom among others this gentleman did attend* 
 
 It was not long afterwards but that the king was 
 
 ' Son of John Renolds, or Eenall, by Margaret or Margery, 
 daughter of William Fortescue of Wood, Esq. He married Agnes, 
 daughter of John Southoott of Bovie Trade, Harl. MS.S., fo. 118. 
 
 ^ Boulogne surrendered on the 14th September, 1644, and the 
 king entered in triumph on the 18th. It was again given up to the 
 French in April 1550. 
 
 L 
 
28 Appointed Captain of a Ship of War. [1444. 
 
 advertifed how that the French king was preparing a 
 great navy, minding to fcour the feas, as, alfo, invade 
 fome part of England. The king, nothing liking 
 fuch news, and doubting the worft, commanded a 
 certain number of his fhips to be, with all fpeed, 
 made ready and prepared, and to be forthwith fent 
 unto the feas. Of which one very tall ftiip, and well 
 appointed, namely : was appointed to this 
 
 Peter Carew, who was made captain thereof; and 
 attending the Lord Admiral,^ did keep the feas all 
 that winter, which, being for the moft part foul, and 
 full of ftorms and tempefts, their fervice was the 
 more painful, and yet to no great purpofe, for that 
 the enemy kept himfelf ftill within the harbour. And 
 then the admiral, perceiving all things to be quiet, 
 returned home. 
 
 The next fummer then following the French 
 king fent his gallies to the feas, whereof the king 
 having fome foreknowledge, commanded a navy of 
 forty-five fliips to be likewife fent unto the feas, of 
 which one called " Francifco Hardado,"^ a Venetian 
 
 1 Sir John Dudley, son of Edmund Dudley, speaker of the House 
 of Commons in the last reign, by Elizabeth daughter and heir of Edw. 
 Grey, Viscount Lisle. Sir John Dudley was created Viscount Lisle 
 12th March, 1542 ; Warden of the Marches of Scotland 1542 ; Lord 
 Admiral 26th January, 1543 ; Privy Councillor 23rd April, 1543 ; 
 K.G. 1543 ; Captain of Boulogne 1544-5 ; Earl of Warwick 1547 ; 
 Duke of Northumberland, 1551 ; beheaded 22nd August, 1553. 
 
 * It appears from the following extract from a letter from the 
 Lord Lisle, dated at Portsmouth on the 7th August, that Carew's 
 first appointment was to the " Mistress." The words are these : 
 " Master Secretary, after my veray hartie recommendacions hauyng 
 
1545'] Proceeds on Service at Sea. 29 
 
 fhip, was appointed unto this Peter Carew, the fame 
 being very well appointed both with men and muni- 
 tions. And fo made their admiral the Vifcount 
 Lifle, who was lately returned from Boulogne ;^ they 
 ranged and fcoured the feas ; and being refted over 
 near unto Newhaven, they had efcried the French 
 
 seane your Ires, of the vi* of this present, whereby emongst other 
 thynges it apperith, that the Kyuges maiesties pleasour is I shuld 
 put the Booke of the names of Shippe aud Capitaignes in other 
 fourme, and to place every Captaigne according as they were appointed 
 at such tyme as his maiestie dyd place Peter Carewe to the 
 " Mystres," and allso to set vpon euery shippe the Capitaigne's 
 name, that is or then was, allthough they be deed or goon, with allso 
 a titljTig vppon the same shippes of such men's names as I thynk 
 mete to sarve. As touching thalteracion of the Capitaignes, I 
 require you to signifie vuto his highnes that there is no alteracion 
 sithens his maiesties last appointment of them, saving that Peter 
 CiU-ewe, when he peroeaved that we were like to fight with the 
 French armye at ther being here, and reraembring that he was in a 
 shipp hable to bourd one of the greatest of theuimies, and what 
 might be thought in hym to forsake such a shipp (of hymself whereas 
 before he did desyre thother) with peteous mone besought me, that 
 he might not be sliifted oute of his Shipp, for that he trusted to do 
 his maiestie good sarvice in her. So that perceaving hym so loth to 
 depart from the saied Shipp, and the time beyng then veray shorte 
 to make any alteracion, I thought it best to let euery Captaigne 
 remayne in ther former places, (wherof then I did send his maiestie 
 wourd by Sir Thomas Clere) and so doth thole nomber of ships 
 remayne at this present without chaungyng of any Capitaign, except 
 onely such as be goon sick, and one that is deed." S. P. 0. Dom. Cor. 
 
 Two days afterwards, however, he sent a list of the names of the 
 " Shippes, with ther Capitaignes," in which we find Peter Oarewe's 
 name as Captain of the " Great Venizian," a ship of 700 tons burden, 
 aud carrying 4S0 men. This probably is the same ship as that 
 referred to in the text. The same document shews the '' Mystres," 
 which was a ship of only 450 tons, and cai-rying 250 men, to be 
 under the charge of Admiral William Tyrrell. State Papers, vol. L, 
 p. 810. 
 
 ' Recalled from Boulogne January 1545. 
 
 L 2 
 
3° A Naval Engagement. [}S^S- 
 
 king's gallies, which were in number about twenty- 
 one or twenty-two. Then this gentleman, who was 
 one of the firft that had the fight of them, was also 
 one of the firft who defired to give the onfet. But 
 the Lord Admiral, and all the refidue, being of the 
 like minds, did all, with one confent, give the adven- 
 ture. The fight between them became very hot and 
 fharp, and the viftory doubtful, and wherein fortune 
 feemed to favour and frown upon both parties alike ; 
 for fometimes the weather was calm, and then the 
 gallies had the advantage, fometimes the wind blew 
 a good gale, and then the fhips prevailed. Twice in 
 two days either party aflailed the other, and cruel 
 were the fights on both fides, but, in the end, the 
 feas waxing fomewhat rough, and the gallies not 
 brooking the fame, retired to the shores, reaping the 
 lofs, and leaving the victory. And the Englifli 
 navy, being all of fhips of great burden, being loath 
 to adventure after the gallies upon the flats and 
 fhallows, did return, and come back again. Into 
 Portfmouth. And forthwith the Lord Admiral 
 landed and reforted unto the king, who then lay 
 there languifhing and liftening to hear news of his 
 navy, to whom he then recounted the efFed of all 
 that fervice. 
 
 Not long after, the feas being waxed calm, and 
 the weather very fair, the French gallies having wind 
 and weather at will, they would alfo needs range and 
 fcour the feas, and finding them clear, and the Englifli 
 navy to be laid up in harbour, they came along all 
 
1 545 • J '^^^ French land at the IJle of Wight. 3 1 
 
 the fouth coaft of England, even to the Ifle of Wight, 
 where fome of them landed and did much harm ; 
 and some of them came unto the haven of Ports- 
 mouth, and there rowed up and down, there being 
 never a fhip at that inftant in that readinefs, nor any 
 fuch wind to ferve if they had been in readinefs to 
 empeach them. 
 
 The king, who upon the news hereof was come 
 to Portfmouth, he fretted, and his teeth flood on an 
 edge, to fee the bravery of his enemies to come fo 
 near his nofe, and he not able to encounter with 
 them. Wherefore, immediately the beacons were 
 fet on fire throughout the whole coafls, and forthwith 
 fuch was the refort of the people as were fufficient to 
 guard the land from the entering of the Frenchmen. 
 Likewife, commandments were fent out for all the 
 king's fhips, and all other fhips of war which were 
 at London, Quyneborowe, or elfewhere, that they 
 fhould, with all fpeed pofTible, make hafte and come 
 to Portfmouth, which things were accordingly 
 performed. 
 
 The Frenchmen perceiving that they could do no 
 good by tarrying there, departed again to the feas. 
 The king, as foon as his whole fleet was come 
 together, willeth them to fet all things in order, 
 and to go to the feas ; which things being done, and 
 every fhip crofT-failed, and every captain knowing 
 his charge. It was the king's pleafure to appoint Sir 
 George Carew to be Vice Admiral of that journey, 
 and had appointed unto him a fhip named the " Mary 
 
32 The King vifits the Fleet. [i545- 
 
 Rofe," which was as a fair fliip, as ftrong, and as 
 well appointed as none better in the realm. And at 
 their departure, the king dined aboard with the Lord 
 Admiral in his fhip, namely, the "Great Henry," ^ 
 and was there ferved by the Lord Admiral, Sir 
 George Carew, this gentleman, Peter Carew, and 
 their uncle Sir Gawen Carew,^ with fuch others only 
 as were appointed to that voyage and fervice. The 
 king being at dinner, willed fome one to go up to 
 the top of the fhip, and fee whether he could fee any 
 thing at the feas. The word was no fooner fpoken 
 but that Peter Carew was as forward, and forthwith 
 climbeth up to the top of the Ihip, and there fitting, 
 the king aflced of him what news, who told him that 
 he had fight of three or four fhips, but, as he thought, 
 they were merchants. But it was not long but he had 
 espied a great number, and then he cried out to the 
 king there was, as he thought, a large fleet of men- 
 of-war. The king fuppofing them to be the French 
 men-of-war, as they were indeed, willed the board to 
 be taken up, and every man to go to his ihip, as alfo 
 a long boat to come and carry him on land. And 
 firft he hath fecret talk with the Lord Admiral, and 
 then he hath the like with Sir George Carew, and at 
 his departure from him, took his chain from his neck 
 
 ' The Henry Grace &. Dieu. 
 
 ^ Sir Gawen Carew was the youngest son of Sir Edmund Baron 
 Carew, of Mohuns Ottery. He married Mary, daughter of Sir Rohert 
 Wotton, and widow of Sir Henry Guildeford, K.G. She died in 
 1558. Sir Gawen was sheriff of Devon, 2 Edward Vlth, (1648). 
 Was attainted and restored, vide Appendix E. Died 1583. 
 
1 545 • ] ^?A of the Mary Rofe. 3 3 
 
 with a great whiftle of gold pendant to the same, and 
 did put it about the neck of the faid Sir George 
 Carew, giving him also, therewith, many good and 
 comfortable words. 
 
 The king then took a boat and rowed to the 
 land, and every other captain went to his fhip 
 appointed unto him. Sir George Carew being 
 entered into his fhip, he commanded every man to 
 take his place, and the fails to be hoifted ; but the 
 fame was no fooner done, but that the " Mary Rofe" 
 began to heel, that is to fay, lean on the one fide. 
 Sir Gawen Carew being then in his own fhip, and 
 feeing the fame, called for the mafler of his fliip, and 
 told him thereof, and afked him what it meant, who 
 anfwered that if fhe did heel fhe was liked to be cafl 
 away. Then the faid Sir Gawen pafTmg by the 
 " Mary Rofe," called out to Sir George Carew, 
 afking him how he did, who anfwered that he had a 
 fort of knaves whom he could not rule. And it was 
 not long after but that the faid " Mary Rofe," thus 
 heeling more and more, was drowned with feven 
 hundred men which were in her, whereof very few 
 efcaped. 
 
 It chanced unto this gentleman, as the common 
 proverb is, — the more cooks the worse potage, 
 he had in his ship a hundred marines, the worst of 
 them being able to be a mafler in the befl fhip within 
 the realm ; and thefe fo maligned and difdained one 
 the other, that refufmg to do that which they fhould 
 
34 Attack on Treport. [^545- 
 
 do, were carelefs to do that which was moft needful 
 and neceflary, and fo contending in envy, perifhed in 
 frowardnefs.^ 
 
 The king, this meanwhile, flood on the land, and 
 saw this tragedy, as alfo the lady, the wife of Sir 
 George Carew,^ who with that fight fell into a 
 founding (fwooning). The king, being opprefled with 
 sorrow of every fide, comforted her, and thanked God 
 for the other, hoping that of a hard beginning, there 
 would follow a better ending. And notwithftanding 
 this lofs the fervice appointed went forward, as foon 
 as wind and weather would ferve, and the refidue of 
 the fleet, being about the number of one hundred 
 and five fails, took the feas. 
 
 The Frenchmen perceiving the fame, like as a fort 
 of ftieep running into the fold, they fhifted away and 
 got them into their harbours, thinking it better to lie 
 there in a fafe fkin, than to encounter with them of 
 whom they fliould little win. 
 
 The Lord Admiral finding the feas all clear, and 
 very loath to return without doing of fome fervice to 
 the acquittal of the former braveries of the French- 
 men, did, by the counfel of one Roybodo, dired 
 his courfe to the bay of Treport, being promifed by 
 
 ' An attempt was made to raise this ship, for the particulars of 
 which, and the result, see Appendix B. 
 
 2 Sir George Carew married twice. First, Thomasine, daughter of 
 Sir Thomas Pollard ; and secondly, Mary, daughter of Henry Norreys, 
 and sister of Baron Norreys of Rycote. His widow afterwards mar- 
 ried Sir Arthur Ohamperuoun. See note, 1, p. 54. 
 
1545'] Attack on Treport. 35 
 
 the faid Roybodo, that there was good fervice to be 
 done to recompenfe the Frenchmen. As foon as 
 they were come into the bay, and being known to 
 the whole fleet that they fhould there land and to do 
 fome fervice, it was who could firft fet foot on land. 
 The foremofl: in that fervice was one John Courteney, 
 the fon of Sir William Courteney, of Powderham, in 
 the County of Devon, Knight,^ and then captain of a 
 fliip named .^ This man climbing 
 
 up the cliff or rock, in a certain narrow foot path, 
 recovered firft the top of the hill, and there fet up his 
 enfigne, and next after hiin followed this gentleman, 
 Peter Carew, and fo then a great number. The 
 French who before ftood upon the cliffs and faw the 
 fleet, feemed to make a great fliow of fome great mat- 
 
 ' Sir William Courteney, of Powderham Castle, was descended 
 from the ancient and princely house of Courteney, Barons of Oke- 
 hampton, and Earls of Devon. He married, first, Margaret, daughter 
 of Sir Richard Edgecumbe, of Cotehele, in Cornwall, knight, by 
 whom he had issue ; George, who married Katherine, only daughter 
 of Sir George St. Leger, of Annery, in Devon, knight, and dying in 
 his father's life-time, left a son, William, who succeeded his grand- 
 father at Powderham, and was the ancestor of the present Earl of 
 Devon ; Sir Piers Courteney who was sheriff of Devon, 1549, (see 
 note 2, p. 47), and two other sons. His second wife was Mary, 
 daughter of Sir John Gainsford, knight, by whom he had issue, (with 
 other sons and daughters) John Courteney, of Ottery St. Mary, men- 
 tioned in the text. By her Will, dated the 7th, and proved the 12th 
 of February, 1572, she gave the whole of her property to this son. 
 
 '^ Captain John Courteney's name does not appear in the Ust of 
 ships and their captains, transmitted in the letter of the Lord Admiral 
 to Paget, dated the 9th August, 1645. (State Papers, vol. i. p. 808), 
 but the name of William Courteney is found as the captain of the 
 " Mary James." Probably the discrepancy in the christian name 
 may arise from a mistake of Hooker. 
 
36 Peter Carew, Knighted. ['545- 
 
 ters ; but the Engliftimen were not fo foon on the 
 land to go, as they were in hafte to run away. Not 
 far from their landing was the town of Treport, 
 which, forthwith, was fpoiled, the country preyed, and 
 all the French fhips in the harbour burned ; when 
 the country was left deferted of the people, and fpoiled 
 of their goods, every man was commanded to retire, 
 and return to their ships.^ 
 
 The Lord Admiral who, both at this time, 
 as alfo before, had seen the good fervice of 
 this gentleman, Peter Carew, and of a great part 
 whereof he himfelf was tejiis oculatis ; and confi- 
 dering the great valour and prowefs which was in 
 him, called for him and would have dubbed him 
 knight, the fame of right (as his lordfhip then said) 
 to him for his good deferts and fervice appertaining. 
 This gentleman, humbling and abafing himself, made 
 fundry excufes, and among others, alleged that he 
 had an uncle in that place, who had ferved the 
 prince in all fuch places as he had, and that he, if 
 any, had beft deferved it, as his lordfhip well knew 
 it. The Lord Admiral witnefling the fame to be 
 true, feemed to miflike with himfelf for his forget- 
 fulnefs herein, called for him alfo. And then they 
 both being before him, he gave them great commen- 
 dations and praifes for their fervices, as alfo per- 
 fuaded them to continue in the fame, and fo with 
 the fword he dubbed them, and with the girdle of 
 
 ' 2 September, 1545. 
 
i545"J ^^^ Peter s Return to Court. 37 
 
 chivalry he honoured them with the Order of Knight- 
 hood. This done, the whole fleet hoifted their fails, 
 and returned to Portfmouth. 
 
 And here it is to be noted by the way of the nobi- 
 lity of this Sir Peter Carew, who, feeing the death and 
 lofs of his elder and only brother, and he as next 
 heir then to fucceed into his inheritance, many a man 
 would have given over the fervice, and have gone 
 home to enter into the pofleflion of thofe great liveli- 
 hoods, as which were then left unto him. Notwith- 
 ftanding, he, preferring the fervice of his prince, the 
 doing of his duty, and by his good endeavour to 
 purchafe credit aiid honour, never made account of 
 any fuch thing, but foUoweth to perform the fervice 
 committed unto him, which in the end turned to his 
 great credit and commendation. 
 
 As foon as the Lord Admiral was come into 
 Portfmouth, he forthwith difpatched this Sir Peter 
 Carew with letters unto the king, advertifing him of 
 the whole order, manner and fuccefs of that voyage. 
 When this Sir Peter was come before the king, and 
 had presented his letters, the king was fo glad and joy- 
 ful of his coming that as foon as he faw him he afked 
 whether all were well. Sir Peter anfwered, very well. 
 Then the king, before he would open the letters, did 
 talk with him and examined him, of all the whole 
 matter ; who, when he difcourfed unto his grace the 
 fame at full, the king called for his fword, m.inding 
 to have dubbed him knight ; but, in the meantime, 
 perufing and reading his letters, perceived that he 
 
38 Sir Peter at Court. [.i545- 
 
 was already advanced to that degree. The king then 
 turned about, and commending the fervice then done, 
 commended this Sir Peter Carew also, and promifed 
 him that he fhould not be forgo tten.i 
 
 From this time he continued for the moft part in 
 the court, fpending his time in all courtly exercifes, 
 to his great praife and commendation, and efpecially 
 to the good liking of the king, who had a great 
 pleafure in him, as well for his fundry noble qualities, 
 as alfo for his finging ; for the king himfelf, being 
 much delighted to fing,^ and Sir Peter Carew having 
 
 ' The Lord Admiral's letter to the king is given in appendix C, 
 to which the reader is referred. 
 
 '' The love of music seems to have been instinctive in the Tudor 
 family. Henry VII was fond of the art. Henry VIII was passion- 
 ately addicted to it. He not only played and sung, but was a com- 
 poser of music. Sir John Hawkins, in his " History of Music," says, 
 " it is somewhat remarkable that Moseley in his ' Introduction to 
 Harmony,' has taken no notice of Henry VIII as a composer of 
 music." Erasmus relates that he composed offices for the Church. 
 Bishop Burnet has vouched his authority for the same, and there 
 is an anthem of his, in four voices ; " Lord, the maker of all 
 things." 
 
 The Venetian Ambassador at the court of England, Sebastian 
 Guistinian, in a despatch to his own State, dated 30th September, 
 1516, mentions the king's gracious reception of the Friar Dionisius 
 Memo, organist of St. Mark's, at Venice, who was an accomplished 
 performer, and adds, " He played not only to the satisfaction, but 
 the pleasure of every body, and especially of his majesty, who is 
 extremely skUled in music, and of the two serene queens, (Catharine 
 of Arragon, and Margaret, Queen of Scotland)." Again, on the 8th 
 of October, describing a visit he had made to his majesty, he says : 
 " Shortly after this, we were sent for by the king, whom we fouud 
 with the two most serene queens, and a number of ladies, with 
 whom he was dancing, and he chose us to be present. His majesty 
 danced many dances, and then made said ambassadors (those from 
 the Emperor and the king of Spain, then just arrived in England) 
 
1 545-] ^^^ Peter at Court. 39 
 
 a pleafant voice, the king would very often ufe him 
 to fing with him certain fongs then cdiWedi fremen^ 
 
 hear Master Friar Dionisius Memo play, as he did marvellously, 
 being lauded by everybody, and the king himself is so enamoured 
 of him, and pleased with his talent, that we could not wish for 
 more." 
 
 Despatches of Sebastian Guistinian translated by Rawdon Brown, 
 in whose interesting volumes are scattered many other notices of 
 Henry's love of music and dancing. 
 
 In an inventory of goods taken at the king's palaces, immediately 
 after his death, is a list of various musical instruments at West- 
 minster, in the charge of Peter Van Welder. Harl. M.S. 1416. 
 fol. 300. 
 
 Margaret, Queen of Scotland, and Mary, Queen of France, Henry 
 the Eighth's sisters, and Mary and Elizabeth of England, his daughters, 
 were all, more or less, skilled in music. 
 
 We are too much accustomed to regard Henry the VIII as a 
 bloated sensualist, and seem, almost, to forget that he was ever young. 
 The following description of him, at an early period of his life, from 
 the despatches of Guistinian, upon whose veracity we may depend, 
 may not, therefore, be unacceptable. 
 
 "His majesty is the handsomest potentate I ever set eyes on, 
 above the usual height, with an extremely fine calf to his leg, his 
 complexion very fair and bright, with auburn hair, combed straight, 
 and short, in the French fashion, and a round face so very beautiful, 
 that it would become a pretty woman, his throat being rather long 
 and thick. He was born on the 28th of June, 1491, so that he will 
 enter his 25th year the month after next. (Guistinian was writing 
 on the 30th of April, 1515.) He speaks French, English, and Latin, 
 and a Kttle Italian ; plays well on the lute and harpsicord, sings from 
 book at sight, draws the bow with greater strength than any man in 
 England, and jousts marvellously. Believe me, he is in every respect a 
 most accomplished prince ; and I, who have now seen all the 
 sovereigns in Christendom, and last of all these two of France and 
 England, in such great state, might well rest content, and with 
 sufficient reason have it said to me, 
 
 " abi viator, sat tuis oculis debes." 
 
 ■ We are at a loss to know whence the term " fremen" songs is 
 
 derived. Three-men-songs are mentioned by Shakespeare in Act IV. 
 
 scene ii. of the '' Winter's Tale," " She hath made me three-man, 
 
 song-men aU, and very good ones ; but they are most of them means 
 
40 Sir Peter at Court. [i545- 
 
 fongs, as namely, " By the bank as I lay " ; ^ and, 
 " As I walked in the wood fo wild." 
 
 About a year after this return from Treport, 
 there was a peace concluded between the King of 
 England and the French king, and for the eftablifhing 
 thereof, and to receive the French king's oath, the 
 Viscount Lisle, Lord Admiral, was appointed to be 
 the ambaflador, and among others to accompany and 
 attend him. Sir Peter Carew was one. At their 
 being in the French court, it fortuned that the Earl 
 
 and bases ; but one Puritan amongst them and he sings psalms to 
 hornpipes." This would seem to indicate that these songs were of 
 the nature of catches iii three parts ; two parts are mentioned, — 
 means (tenors) and bases, and the third is implied. Nevertheless, 
 in the British Museum Library there is a work entitled, " Deutero- 
 melia, or the second part of Musick's Melodie, or Melodies Musicke, 
 Of pleasant Roundelaies, K. H. mirth, or Freemen's Songs, and such 
 delightful catches, (collected by T. R., Tho. Ravenscroft)," at page 19 
 of which, among the Freemen's songs of four voices, we find " By a 
 bank as I lay, <fec." 
 
 ' This song seems to have been long a favourite. It is mentioned 
 by Laneham in his letters from KenUworth, 1575, as being one 
 of the songs, all ancient, known to Captain Cox, the leader of the 
 "men of Coventry,'' in all their "pleasant recreations," to make 
 Queen Elizabeth "gladsome and merry" in her famous visit to Kenil- 
 worth. The following version differs widely from that published in 
 the " Deuteromelia, and re-printed in Mr. ChappeU's " Popular Music 
 of the Olden Times." It is found in a volume in the British Museum, 
 numbered in the Catalogue, appendix to the Royal MSS., 58, for a 
 reference to which I am indebted to Sir Henry BUis. Sir Henry 
 says, " the book came with the rest of the Old Royal Collection of 
 MSS. to the Museum, and undoubtedly belonged- to Henry the 
 VIII himself. I am not sure that it may not be the very book from 
 which Henry the VIII and Carew sung, if it is one of the oblong music 
 books which I recollect so often looking at when I was keeper of the 
 MS. department of the Museum." The book fully answers the 
 description given by Sir Henry, and from its appearance, and the 
 

 
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1 5 46. J Visits the Court of France. 41 
 
 of Worcefter,^ (who being then a young gentleman 
 fent over to be trained up in fome knowledge and to 
 learn fafhions) was by a Frenchman very coarfely 
 handled and illtreated ; and the young gentleman 
 
 authority of that eminent antiquary, we have no hesitation in believ- 
 ing it to be the identical book used by the king and Sir Peter 
 Carew. 
 
 By a banke as I lay musying my syUe a lone, hey how ! 
 
 A byrdys voyce dyd me Reioyce 
 
 Synging by fores the day, 
 
 And my thought on hure lay, 
 
 She sayd wynter was past, was past, was past, hey how ! 
 
 Dan dyry, cum den dyry, cum dyry, cum dyry, cum dyry, cum 
 dyry. Cum dan, hey how ! 
 
 The Master of musyke the lusty nyghtyngale, hey how ! 
 
 ffuU meryly & secretly 
 
 She syngeth in the thyke. 
 
 And Ynder hure brest a prike 
 
 To kepe hure fro slepe, fro slepe, fro slepe, hey how ! 
 Dan dyry, &o. 
 
 Awake there for young men aU ye that lovers be, hey how ! 
 
 Thus monyth of May, soo fresh, soo gay, 
 
 So fayre be feld on fen. 
 
 Hath ffloryshe ylke a den, 
 
 Grete joy hyt ys to see, to see, to see, hey how ! 
 Dan Dyry, &c. 
 
 {See Music Plate II.) 
 1 The nobleman mentioned in the text, was William the third 
 earl, who succeeded his father on the 26th of November, 1649, there- 
 fore, at the time referred to, he had not attained the earldom, but 
 bore the courtesy title of Lord Herbert, and was only 18 years of age. 
 In 1559, he was a Knight of the Garter, and accompanied William 
 Parr, Marquis of Northampton, to present to Henry II the badge 
 of that Order. Camden mentions that he was sent into France in 
 1573, with a font of pure gold, to be present as surety in the Queen's 
 name, with the deputies of the Empress Mary, and of the Duke of 
 Savoy, at the baptism of the daughter of Charles XI. He was one 
 of the noblemen who sat as judges at the trial of Mary Queen of 
 Scots. He died on the 21st of February, 1588-9, and was buried at 
 Ragland. 
 
42 Refents an Affront. [1546. 
 
 being but very young, had not the fplrit to revenge.^ 
 But the Lord Ambaflador being advertifed thereof, 
 did fo ftorm, and was fo grieved therewith, that, 
 calling fuch gentlemen unto him as he well liked, fo 
 opened the matter unto them, that they perceived his 
 mind was that fuch an injury fhould not be clofed up 
 without fome acquital. Sir Peter Carew was then 
 prefent, and one unto whom, as they thought, the 
 fpeeches were fpecially directed unto, and indeed, he 
 being fomewhat warmed therein, devifeth how to 
 compafs the matter. 
 
 It was not long after, but that the Lord Ambaf- 
 fador was appointed, and had a day, to come before 
 the king and his dauphin into the chamber of pre- 
 fence ; at which time, he, being attended with all his 
 train, was very honourably conduded unto the king, 
 whofe penfioners and yeomen of his guard flood on 
 either fide with their partizans, as the manner was, 
 then, in that court. In going up to the chamber. 
 Sir Peter Carew efpied the man who had offered the 
 injury to the Earl, and forthwith, going unto him, 
 picked fuch a quarrel with him, that he gave him a 
 box, or blow, under the ear, which being done in the 
 chamber of the prefence, the king and dauphin 
 feemed to be offended therewith ; but yet diffembled 
 the matter for the time : and yet, being afterwards 
 advertifed of the truth, they were in doubt whether 
 they might better diflike the evil behaviour of their 
 
 ' Resent. 
 
1546-] At the Court of France. 43 
 
 own fervant or commend the ftout courage of the 
 knight. 
 
 During the ambaflador's being there, the king, to 
 fhew him fome pleafure, would carry him abroad to 
 hunt the hart. The king, fo earneftly, on a time, 
 followed his game, that he was left alone, and being 
 in a great fweat, fought for his handkerchief to wipe 
 his face, and could not find it. Sir Peter Carew, 
 who only followed him, was at hand, perceiving the 
 fame rode unto him and in moft humble manner, 
 took out his own handkerchief and delivered it to 
 the king, which the king did not only accept very 
 thankfully, but alfo ftayed there with him, ufing very 
 pleafant and familiar fpeeches with him, until fuch 
 time as more company came, and the king had then 
 fo good a liking of him as he did afterwards ufe his 
 company both in hunting and other like exercifes. 
 
 At his being, and during his abode, in the French 
 Court, he met there with the French gentleman, 
 whom he had taken prifoner at Cambraie, and there 
 required the combat of him for his untruth, because 
 at the time when he was fet at liberty, he promifed 
 upon his faith and credit either to redeem Sir George 
 Carew, who was then a prifoner, or elfe to deliver a 
 certain number of French crowns, which promife he 
 performed in no part. This thing being noifed in 
 the French Court, the gentleman was greatly mifliked 
 of all men, but Sir Peter Carew, well commended for 
 his challenge, and much liked for his ftoutnefs. In 
 the end, the young gentleman, condemning himfelf 
 
 M 
 
44 Is a Suitor to Lady Tailboys. [1546. 
 
 of fo much folly, yielded himfelf to the devotion of 
 this knight, whom, in the end, he releafed and 
 forgave. 
 
 At his being in the court, the French King and 
 the dauphin, having a good affedtion unto him, did 
 deal very liberally with him, and gave unto him 
 many good and rich gifts ; but he was not fo apt to 
 receive as he was more liberal to give, for fuch was 
 his liberality, that he gave not only away that which 
 he received there, but whatfoever he brought of his 
 own with him, infomuch that he left fcarce either 
 jewel, horfe, or apparel, being worthy the gift, but 
 he gave it. Thefe and other his doings in the 
 French Court, purchafed unto him, not only a good 
 report and fame, there ; but, alfo, thanks at his home 
 coming. 
 
 At his return home, he ftill continued at and 
 about the court, being wrapped in Venus bands, and 
 ftricken with Cupid's darts : for he had been, and was, 
 a fuitor to a lady in the court, being the widow of a 
 baron deceafed.^ In which his fuit he had many 
 
 ' Margaret, daughter of Sir William Skipworth, knight, by Alice, 
 dau. and heir of Leonard Dimoke. She was the widow of George, 
 second and last baron Tailboys de Kyme, who succeeded his father, 
 in 1539, and died in the following year. 
 
 George, Lord Tailboys is not mentioned in any of the Peerages. 
 Nicolas says, that Gilbert, the first baron, left only one daughter, 
 Elizabeth, who first married Wimbish (who in her right claimed 
 the barony), and, secondly, Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick. 
 Burke is somewhat more particular, and says that the first Lord 
 Tailboys, " had two sons, George and Robert, who both died in his 
 lifetime, issueless." This is evidently incorrect. Gilbert the first 
 
1546.J Is a Suitor to Lady Tailboys. 45 
 
 ague days, as fuitors, in fuch cafes, are wont to have. 
 But he having ufed all the means he could to obtain 
 his purpofe, and minding not to have the repulfe, he 
 went unto the king, and opening unto his grace his 
 fuit, did moft humbly befeech his highnefs to ftand 
 his good lord. The king at firft feemed to ftrain 
 courtefy at the matter, neither would have any good 
 liking thereof: neverthelefs, in the end, he did fo 
 confider of the worthinefs and nobility of the gen- 
 tleman, that he did not only grant his requeft, but 
 alfo wrote his moft earnest letters unto the lady in 
 his behalf, and promifed alfo to give with that mar- 
 baron died 15th of April, 1539, as is shown by his monument in 
 Kyme church, eo. of Lincoln. On the 26th of April, in the same 
 year, the wardship and marriage of his son George, were granted by 
 letters patent to Sir William Fitz William, Earl of Southampton, and 
 we find from the State Papers, (vol. v., p. 296,) that the young lord was 
 with his guardian at Calais on the 13th December, at the reception 
 of Ann of Cleves. In the beginning of the year, 1540, George Lord 
 Tailboys married the lady mentioned in the text, she being the 
 cousin of the Earl of Southampton. Being only of the age of 16 
 years, an Act of Parliament was passed (31, Henry VlII, cap. 16), 
 to put him in possession of his estates, and enable him to settle a 
 jointure on his wife. His Ufe, however, was very short. We find in 
 the State Paper Office, a letter from the Earl of Southampton to the 
 king, dated at Cowdrey, on the 6th of Sept., 1540, in which he says : 
 " Thus having none oodre newes to signify, but that your Ma"" hath 
 lost a greate treasure in my Lorde TaUbois, whome, if wordelie goodes 
 wolde have preserved, wolde to God I had bestowed and spent all 
 I have vndr« your grace in this worlde to have him a lief ; for in 
 mine opinyon a more towarde and licklie gentleman to have doon 
 your Ma"° service, had ye not within your realm ; but the will of 
 God must be fulfilled." (S. P. 0. Dom. Cor. Henry VIII, vol. ix., No. 
 226.) In 1544, " Margaret Lady Tailboys, widow of the late Lord 
 George TaUboys," " was granted, by letters patent, (Pat. Rol. 35, 
 Henry YIII, p. 4,) the wardship and marriage of Charles, son and 
 heir of Anthony Gottort, gentleman, of Preston, co. Lincoln. 
 
 2 M 
 
46 His Marriage. [ ^ 5 47 • 
 
 riage a hundred pound land to them and to the heirs 
 of their bodies. This lady, howfoever her liking of 
 him was before, she now yielded, and was contented, 
 but before any marriage could be folemnized the king 
 died.^ Neverthelefs, a day was concluded between 
 them when the marriage fhould be, which, as it fell 
 out, was at the coronation of King Edward the VI,^ 
 and upon the same day there was a challenge made 
 by this new married knight, with five others, in 
 honour of the coronation againft all comers, at the 
 Tilt, Barriers, and Tournays ; and there this Ulyfses 
 in honour of his Penelope, wore her glove upon his 
 head piece, and acquitted himfelf very honourably. 
 
 At the Tournays there were certain ftrangers, 
 defendants, and with them did Sir Peter moft defire 
 to encounter, and to try their valour. And, fup- 
 pofing that the ftem and courfe of one of them was 
 come to encounter with him, he made himfelf ready 
 thereunto ; but, before he had entered into his courfe, 
 it was advertifed unto him that he was no ftranger, 
 but one Mr. Cooke, who was to take that courfe, 
 whereupon this knight ftayed and fent unto the faid 
 Cooke, praying him that he would forbear, for that 
 time, and give place to one of the ftrangers ; who 
 denied it. Then he fent unto him again, defiring 
 him very earneftly that he would yield, and grant 
 unto his requeft, but he would not. " Then," faid 
 Sir Peter, " Well, if he will not, then let it fall out 
 
 ' 28 January, 1547. " 20 February, 1547. 
 
1 549'] Proceeds against Rebels in the Weji. 47 
 
 as it may." And fo then each one encountering the 
 other, he overthrew the faid Cooke, both horse and 
 man. 
 
 After this feaft ended, and the faid Sir Peter 
 gotten what he fought, and obtained what he defired, 
 was now of the mind to fequefter himfelf from the 
 court, wherefore he and the lady his wife, did con- 
 clude to ride into Lincolnlhire, where her living lay, 
 and there to fojourn for a time, where they remained 
 almoft three years,^ and until the commotion in 
 Devon. At which time he was fent for to come to 
 the court, and then by the king and council, he, 
 together with his uncle Sir Gawen Carew, were fent 
 down into the country for pacifying of the fame, 
 and had commiffion under the king's hand and fignet, 
 for their doing of all fuch things as to this fervice did 
 appertain, and they fhould think good. At their 
 coming into the country they made their prefent 
 repair to the city of Exeter, and thither reforted unto 
 them Sir Peers Courteney,^ then sheriff, and the 
 juftices of the whole fhire, and then and there, con- 
 ferring together, they did the beft they could to fatisfy 
 
 1 Sir Peter appears to have been not wholly resident in Lincoln- 
 shire, as he was sheriff of Devon, in the 1st Edward VI, and in the 
 following year as Vice-Admiral for that county, he was commissioned, 
 together with other gentlemen of that county and Cornwall, to fit 
 out an expedition against the French. Vide Appendix D. 
 
 ^Sir Piers Courteney of Ugbrooke, co. Devon, son of Sir 
 William Courteney, of Powderham, by Margaret, daughter of Sir 
 ilichard Edgecumbe of Cotehele, married Elizabeth, only daughter of 
 Robert Shilstone, of Bridestone, Esq., by whom he left issue, sons and 
 daughters. 
 
48 Proceeds against Rebels in the Weji. [ 1 549. 
 
 the truft committed unto them. But fuch was the 
 obftinacy of the people, and fo much (were they) 
 addidted to the popifh religion, then to be reformed, 
 and wherein they had the countenance of fome fuch 
 of the beft as who did both favour their courfe, and 
 fecretly encouraged them therein ; that they were 
 thoroughly bent to maintain their quarrel. And 
 they hearing that thefe gentlemen were all aflembled 
 at Exeter, to the end and purpofe to reform them, a 
 great number from out of Sampford Courteney, where 
 the ftorm firft began, and from the other places 
 thereabouts, came and aflembled themfelves, to the 
 town of Crediton, which is about feven miles from 
 the city. Which thing being advertifed unto thefe 
 gentlemen and juftices, it was then agreed and con- 
 cluded amongft them, that Sir Peter Carew, and Sir 
 Gawen, fliould, with a competent company ride 
 thither, and to do what they might for pacifying 
 of the people. But when they came to the town's 
 end, the highway was fo intrenched, and the fame 
 as alfo the barns of both fides of the ways, were fo 
 complenifhed with men, well appointed with bows 
 and arrows, and other weapons, that there was no 
 paflage nor entry for them into the town, nor yet any 
 conference or fpeeches to be had with them. Where- 
 upon, fome one flrong man of that company, 
 unawares of the gentlemen, did fet one of the barns 
 on fire, and then the commoners feeing that, ran and 
 fled away out of the town, leaving only women and 
 aged people behind them. The gentlemen then went 
 
^5 49- J Proceeds against Rebels in the Weji. 49 
 
 forthwith into the town, where they found no body, 
 and therefore leaving all things as they thought in 
 fome quietnefs, they returned to Exeter. But the fame 
 and rumour of burning of the barns was fo fped 
 throughout the whole country, that the next day the 
 people, like a lot of wafps, were up in fundry places ; 
 among which fome took the town of Clyft St. Mary, 
 about two miles from Exeter, and there fortified them- 
 felves, having placed trees and ordnance upon the 
 bridge, fo that none could come upon them from the 
 city. This being advertifed unto the juftices, it was 
 thought beft amongfl: them that the aforefaid two 
 knights, being the two chief commiflioners, together 
 with Sir Thomas Denys^ and Sir Henry Pollard, 
 fliould refort thither to pacify and perfuade them to 
 quietnefs. But being come to the town, and finding 
 the bridge "rampired". Sir Peter Carew alighted 
 from his horfe, and minded to have gone over a foot, 
 he miftrufting no harm. But the people were fo 
 
 ' Sir Thomas Denys of Bicton, and Holcomb Burnel, co. Devon, 
 married Anne, daughter of Paulet, Marquis of Winchester, by whom 
 he left one daughter, Ann, who married Sir Henry Rolle of Stevenson, 
 CO., Devon, (ancestor of the late Lord Rolle) who by such marriage 
 acquired the manor of Bicton, where his descendants are now 
 settled. 
 
 Sir Thomas Denys lived in the reigns of no fewer than eight 
 kings and queens of England, viz., Edward IV, Richard III, Henry 
 VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth, and was by 
 several of them, held in high esteem. He belonged to the household 
 of Henry VII ; was of the Privy Council of Henry VIII ; Chancellor 
 to Aime of Cleves, and Gustos rotulorum of the county of Devon, for 
 which county he served the office of Sheriff nine times ; viz., 1508, 
 1509, 1513, 1519, 1523, 1528, 1532, 1550, 1556. Died 1602. 
 
50 Returns to London. 1549- 
 
 bent againft him, and he fo hard for his religion, 
 that the gunner having his piece charged upon the 
 bridge, did level the feme to have fhot unto him, 
 and which he had verily done, if one Handing by him 
 had not flayed him. Neverthelefe, in the end, the 
 commoners were contented to have fome private 
 conference with Sir Thomas Denys, and Sir 
 Henry Pollard: but all which came to no effect, 
 for they would yield to nothing but as it pleafed 
 themfelves. 
 
 Whereupon, they all returned again to Exeter, and 
 forthwith the next morning Sir Peter Carew rode to 
 London wards, and by the way rode to Goory Honi- 
 ton, where the Lord Privy Seal^ was then, being 
 lately come from London for the fame purpofe, who 
 being advertifed of the broils and rebellion towards, 
 did, by his letters unto the king and coTincil, adver- 
 tife the fame, as alio prayed a fupply of men and 
 money. 
 
 Sir Peter Carew pofting in hafte to the Court, 
 advertifed the king and council of the whole matter. 
 But the Duke of Somerfet^ and the Lord Rych, 
 
 1 John Lord Ba^elL See Is ova. p. 2^. 
 
 -Edward S^tilout. 1st duke, second son of Sir John Seymoar <X 
 Wolf HaB, in the oountr of Wilt 5. and brother of Jane S^/mour, 
 qoeen of Henry TIIL Edwazd .^eTaioar served under the Doke of 
 S-nffolk, in the French campaign of 1523, and behartd so well, that 
 he wa^ knighted Tjt thai nobleman. Up»oii tte kiii?'= marriage with 
 his sLster 1536, he was created Visoount Beaachainp; and abont 
 trie same tfriie. in C'injunrti n with sir Richard Buckley, was made 
 Cbai:oeI!or and Oiamberiain of North Wales for life, and also Captain 
 of Jer^j At the taptism of his nephew. (Bdwaid VI) in the 
 
i549*J Accused of caujing the Commotion. 51 
 
 who was then Lord Chancellor/ perceiving that the 
 alteration of religion was the caufe of the ftorm and 
 rebellion, and that great troubles were like to enfue 
 thereof, they would have reje6ted the whole fault 
 upon Sir Peter Carew ; the one laying unto his 
 charge the burning of the houfes at Kyrton, which 
 was more than his commiffion, and the other faid, 
 that although he had the king's letters for his doings, 
 yet the fame were no fufficient warrant for him, 
 unlefs he had the broad feal, and therefore, he having 
 done more than he had good warrant for his difcharge, 
 he well deferved to be rewarded as the author and 
 caufe of that rebellion. 
 
 Thefe words being very fharp, and touching the 
 quick, he aflced pardon, and that he may have leave 
 to anfwer thereunto ; which being granted, he did in 
 fuch pithy manner, and not without a reafonable 
 ftoutnefs, to anfwer the duke and Lord Chancellor, 
 and alfo both fatisfy the king and council, that he 
 
 following year, he was made Earl of Hertford, and in 1541, elected 
 Knight of the Garter, and Privy Councillor. In 1542, he was made 
 Lord Admiral, and Lord Warden of the Scottish Border. In 1643, 
 Lord Great Chamberlain for life. Commander of Boulogne 1545. 
 Lieutenant of the North, 1545. The king's lieutenant in parts 
 beyond the seas, 1546. Lord Protector, Duke of Somerset, and Earl 
 Marshall of England, 1547. Beheaded 1552. 
 
 'Sir Richard Rich, Solicitor-General, 1533-36. Speaker 1536. 
 Chancellor of the Court of Augmentations, 1640. Treasurer of the 
 Wars against France and Scotland, 1644. Lord Rich of Leeze, and 
 Chancellor, 1547. Married Elizabeth, daughter of William Jenks, 
 of the City of London. Died 1669. His grandson, Robert Lord 
 Rich was created Earl of Warwick, 1618, and both titles became 
 extinct in the family of Rich, in 1759. 
 
5 2 Juftifies Himself. [ 1 45 9 • 
 
 was well allowed and commended for the fame ; and, 
 in the end, according to his petition, order was taken 
 that both men and money fhould be fent with fpeed 
 to the Lord Privy Seal, and he willed to return with 
 fpeed into the country, and there to follow the fervice 
 for the repreffion of the rebellion. 
 
 The Lord Privy Seal being removed from Goory 
 Honiton unto Honiton, had remained there a long 
 time, ftill looking for the fupply of men and money 
 promifed ; and at length, doubting to be aflailed of 
 the enemy, and he having no power to withftand 
 them, was perfuaded by the gentlemen of Dorfetihire 
 to leave Honiton and to go into Dorfetlhire, and there 
 to remain until he had fome great force about him. 
 And as foon as he was thus departed from Honiton, 
 Sir Peter Carew, having knowledge thereof, took his 
 horfe at Mohun's Ottery, and rode up to the Black 
 •Down, and there met with him ; and then having 
 fome fpeeches and conferences with him, declared 
 what inconveniences were like to enfue to the 
 encouraging of the enemy, the undoing of the whole 
 country, and the great difhonour unto himfelf, if he 
 fhould now leave the country, and give the enemy 
 fcope and liberty to go forward. Which, when his 
 lordfliip had well confidered, he returned back again 
 to Honiton, and never removed from thence until he 
 gave the onfet upon the enemies, and fubdued them. 
 And true it was that if he had departed according to 
 his firft determination, there had grown thereby a 
 greater fire than all the waters in five fhires about 
 would have been able to have quenched. 
 
1549] Rebellion Subdued. ^t, 
 
 But concerning this rebellion, and the good 
 fervice this gentleman did therein/ the fame already 
 at large, being fet forth in a pamphlet^ thereof, it is 
 not pertinent to this matter to entreat thereof. 
 
 After this commotion was ended, and all things 
 pacified, the faid Sir Peter remained for the moft 
 part in his country, and was one of the chiefeft in 
 moft credit, during the time of King Edward.^ 
 
 Immediately after the death of the faid king,* 
 there was a proclamation conceived by the council. 
 
 ' For his good services on this occasion, Sir Peter Carew received 
 a grant of the lands of Winslade, and Sir Gawen, the lands of 
 Humphrey Arundel. 
 
 The city of Exeter also acknowledged their obligations to him ; 
 for in the records of the city is the following entry, under date 11th 
 of March, 4 Edward VI : — " Agreed that Sir Peter Carew, knight, 
 for his great trouble, and good wiU that he has borne towards the 
 city, in all affairs, he shall have a fee of iOl. a year, during his life, to 
 have the same by patent under the mayoralty seal, with a hogshead 
 of wine, at the delivery of the patent." 
 
 ' We have not been able to discover this pamphlet. 
 
 ' Sir Peter Carew had served the office of Sheriff of Devon, 38th 
 Henry VIII, and 1st Edward VI. 
 
 In the year 1550, one Michael Winston, discovered several mines 
 of iron and steel, within the king's forests of Exmoor and Dartmoor, 
 in Devonshire, and also a certain earth which would make moor- 
 coal. The king granted a commission, bearing date December 11 of 
 that year, whereby he authorized and licensed John, Earl of Bedford, 
 Peter Carew, and Gawen Carew, knights, Richard Duke, and the 
 said Michael Winston to work the said mines, and to erect such 
 houses and mills as might be necessary for the purpose, with power 
 and authority to bequeath and assign the same at pleasure, so that 
 the said mills and houses, and making of the said iron and steel, 
 may have continuance for ever ; yielding to the king and his heirs 
 for every ton of iron there made, six shillings and eight pence, and 
 likewise for every ton of stele. — Strype Mem : Vol. II. p. 431. 
 
 ■• 6th July, 1553. 
 
5 4 Proclaims ^een Mary. [ 1 5 5 3 • 
 
 and fent into the country for the proclaiming of 
 Queen Jane. Sir Peter Carew, albeit he knew very- 
 well that there was like to enfue a great alteration 
 in religion if the Lady Mary fhould be proclaimed 
 queen, and that as he was well affected fo fhe utterly 
 did abhor it; yet, refpecting his faith, duty, and 
 allegiance, to his natural prince, and little regarding 
 what had been done by a former proclamation, did 
 caufe the faid Lady Mary to be proclaimed queen in 
 two market towns near to the place where he then 
 dwelled, the one in Dartmouth, and the other at 
 Newton Bufhel. 
 
 And it was not long after but that the faid Lady 
 Mary v,ras proclaimed queen throughout the whole 
 realm. And albeit there were none who did condemn 
 this gentleman for his doing, yet there were fome 
 of great countenance, and in high authority, which 
 were offended with him, becaufe he had not adver- 
 tifed unto them his own bent, and the difposition of 
 the people in thefe countries. 
 
 Queen Mary being once quietly poffeffed of the 
 crown, it was not long after, but that there was an 
 ambaffador fent unto her from the emperor for a 
 marriage to be had between her and his fon, King 
 Philip, which was fo mifliked, that certain gentlemen 
 confpired together againfl; the fame, and many trou- 
 bled, more of fufpicion than of any juft caufe ; and 
 among others. Sir Peter Carew was fo far fufpefted 
 that he, together with Sir Gawen Carew, Sir Arthur 
 Champernoun, Knights,^ and William Gybbes, 
 ' Sir Arthur Champernoun was descended from one of the most 
 
1 5 54- J Proclaimed a Traitor. 55 
 
 Efquire/ were proclaimed traitors, and a commlffion 
 forthwith was fent, In poft, unto Sir Thomas Denys,^ 
 then fheriff, and unto Sir John St. Leger/ Knights, for 
 the apprehending of them. And accordingly, forth- 
 with. Sir Gawen, Sir Arthur, and Mr. Gybbes, were 
 
 illustrious families in the west of England, originally seated at Clyst, 
 in Devon. In the reign of Edward I, Sir Richard Ohampernoun 
 acquired the lands of Modbury, and there the family continued till 
 the time referred to in the text. Subsequently Sir Arthur Ohamper- 
 noun exchanged the lordship of Polsloe for that of Dartington, 
 and seated himself there. He married Mary, daughter of Henry 
 Norreys, father of Baron Norreys, of Ricote, and widow of Sir George 
 Carew, by whom he had issue, a son and a daughter. Prom the 
 former descended Arthur Ohampernoun, Esq., who, dying in 1766, left 
 issue an only daughter and heir, Jane, who married the Rev. Richard 
 Harrington, second son of Sir James Harrington, of Ridlington, by 
 whom he left issue, Arthur Harrington, Esq., who, in compliance with 
 the testamentary injunction of his maternal grandfather, assumed the 
 surname and arms of Ohampernoun. He married Louisa, daughter of 
 John BuUer of Morval, Esq., and dying in 1819, left issue, as well as 
 other sons and daughters, the present Henry Ohampernoun of 
 Darlington, Esq. 
 
 1 William Gibbes of Feuton, son of Thomas Gibbes, by Ann, 
 daughter of Sir William Oourteney, of Powderham. WUliam Gibbes 
 left two daughters, co-heirs. Elizabeth married Edmond Drew of 
 Hayne, and married Walter Wooton, of Ingelborn. 
 
 who sold Penton to Sir John Glanville, Justice of the Oommon 
 Pleas. 
 
 ^ See note, p. 49. 
 
 ^ Sir John St. Leger of Annery, son of Sir George, son of Sir 
 James St. Leger, by Anne, daughter and co-heir of Thomas Butler, 
 8th Earl of Ormond, by Anne, daughter and co-heir of Sir Richard 
 Hankford of Annery, by his 2nd wife Anne, daughter of John 
 Montacute, Earl of Salisbury. Margaret, the other daughter and 
 co-heir of Thomas Butler, Earl of Ormond, was the wife of Sir 
 Thomas Bullen, grandfather of Queen Elizabeth. Sir John St. 
 Leger, married Katherine, daughter of George Neville, Lord of Aber- 
 gavenny, but having no issue male to survive them, sold Annery to 
 Tristum Ascot, Esq., who married Eulalia, one of his daughters. 
 
56 In Danger of Apprehension . [ 1 5 5 4 • 
 
 taken/ and committed to prifon ; two of them to 
 the queen's gaol of the Caftle of Exeter, and the 
 other to the Guildhall of the city, and from thence 
 were removed to the Tower of London,^ and being 
 examined there-, they were charged to have been 
 confederates with Wyatt,^ and with the Duke of 
 Suffolk ; but they anfwered fo well for themfelves 
 that they were acquitted, and found to be true and 
 faithful fubjects, * 
 
 But Sir Peter Carew, having fome fecret intelli- 
 gence from one who was then both of countenance, and 
 in authority (and who, if Sir Peter fhould have been 
 
 1 The particulars of the apprehension of Sir Gawen Carew and 
 Mr. Gibbs may be seen in letter, No. 8, Appendix B. Sir Arthur 
 Champeron was arrested subsequently. See letter No. 9. 
 
 For further details relating to this conspiracy, see collection of 
 documents from the State Paper Office, in Appendix B. 
 
 ^ At a meeting of the Privy Council held at Westminster, 3rd of 
 March, 1553, a letter was ordered to be sent to the " Lieutenant of 
 the Tower, to receive and to keep from conference with any person 
 the bodies of Sir Gawen Carew, and William Gibbes." Privy Council 
 Register. 
 
 ^ Sir Thiomas Wyatt, son of Sir Thomas Wyatt, of Allington Castle 
 in Kent, who served as sheriff of that county, 28 Henry viii. 
 
 ■•According to the Histoire G6n§alogique, Sir Gawen Carew, 
 (with other Protestants) was set at liberty out of the Tower, 18th of 
 January, 1665, and we find that at a meeting of the Privy Council, 
 held at Hampton Court on the 22nd of May, 1655, a letter was 
 ordered to be sent to the attorney and solicitor, stating that whereas 
 "Sir Gawen Carew was promised the King and Queen's ma''", 
 pardonne for suche offences as he had committed, fforasmuche as he 
 hath not the same vndernethe the brode seale processe, is continued 
 still against him to the outlawrie in the king's benche, they are willed 
 to fitaye the same from any further proceeding." And in date of the 
 4th of June, " It was this dale resolved by the lis that Sir Gawen 
 Carew might, with theire good leave and licence departe home into 
 
1 554-] Efcapes to France. $7 
 
 apprehended, did doubt of his own cafe^), took his 
 
 horfe and faid that he would ride to the court, and 
 
 there ftand to his anfwer and purge himfelf; but, 
 
 by the way, and not far from his houfe, he met with 
 
 his man whom he had before fent to two of his 
 
 deareft friends, the one in Wiltfhire and the other 
 
 in Dorfetfhire, and finding by him that no friend- 
 
 ftiip was to be had at their hands, he rode to a 
 
 friend's houfe of his not far off, and there lodged, 
 
 fecretly fending one in the meantime unto Exeter 
 
 for the borrowing of a piece of money, without 
 
 which he could not help himfelf; and one other he 
 
 fent to Weymouth, to provide a bark for him to pafs 
 
 over the feas. And having his money and all things 
 
 in readinefs, and the bark ready for him, he rode 
 
 unto Weymouth, being apparelled like unto a ferv- 
 
 ing man, and attending upon one of his company, 
 
 as his fervant.^ 
 
 In the meanwhile his houfe was rifled, his goods 
 fpoiled, and, in the end, his lands given to one James 
 BafTet, of the Privy Chamber, Esquire.^ 
 
 the countrey, to set his thinges in order there, so that he returne 
 hither agayne betweene this and the assension daie of our Lorde next 
 ensuyng." Privy Council Register. 
 
 ' Perhaps the Earl of Devon. Vide Appendix B. No. 5. 
 
 ^ For an account of his embarkation, see Appendix, E. No. 10. 
 
 ' James Bassett was third son of Sir John Bassett, of Heanton, 
 Puncherdon, in the county of Devon, knight, by Honora daughter of 
 Sir Thomas Greville. James Bassett left issue one son named Philip, 
 Mr. Bassett received from Queen Mary grants of the manors of 
 Paddesbrooke and Great Torrington, in Devon, which were sold by 
 his son. He died in 1558, and was buried in the church of the 
 Grey Friars in Smithfield 
 
58 Driven back by a Storm. ['554- 
 
 The fame night that he was embarked, the lady 
 his wife dreamed that as he was going aboard his 
 bark, he fhould fall into the feas, and be drowned. 
 Wherewith fhe fell into fuch a fudden fright, or fear, 
 that flie awoke therewith, and being very pensive, 
 and much troubled with her dream, fhe fent one to 
 the fea-fide, to make enquiry for Sir Peter. 
 
 The meflenger being come to Weymouth, was 
 advertifed how that Sir Peter Carew, as he was going 
 out of the boat to enter into the bark, his foot Aided 
 or flipped, and he, therewith fell into the feas, and 
 had been drowned if one flanding by had not taken 
 hold of him.i 
 
 As foon as he and his company were all aboard, 
 he caufed the fails to be hoifled and to the feas they 
 went ; but they had not fcarcely crofTed the half feas 
 before there arofe a terrible florm and tempefl-, and 
 they in great danger to have been all drowned, and 
 in the end they were all driven back again to Wey- 
 mouth, where if they had landed, as fome of them 
 were willing, they had been apprehended : for all the 
 country was laid for them. But Sir Peter, miflruft- 
 
 After a diligent search of the Patent Rolls, we have been unable 
 to discover any record of the grant of Sir Peter Carew's lands to Mr. 
 Basset. Besides, not having been attainted, Sir Peter had not for- 
 feited his possessions, and, therefore, the gift to Mr. Basset must 
 have been in intention only ; and this view is confirmed by the fact 
 that Sir Peter recovered his estates when he was restored to the 
 Queen's favour. 
 
 1 This incident is not mentioned by John Graynfyld as having 
 been related by Edmond Knoplock, who " stood by the bote when 
 they shipped themme selfes." See Appendix, E. No. 10. 
 
1 5 54- J Proceeds to Venice. 59 
 
 ing the worft, kept himfelf, and alfo his company, 
 clofe aboard until a better wind ferved, and then they 
 took the feas again and arrived at Roan.^ And 
 from thence he rode ftraight to the court of France, 
 where he was well received, and had very liberal 
 entertainment offered unto him if he would have 
 accepted it. But he utterly refufed it, faying, that he 
 was no traitor to his prince, nor country, and he 
 would never receive entertainment to ferve againft 
 any of them fo long as he lived. 
 
 Wherefore, leaving the court of France, he went 
 unto Venice, but he was (no) fooner come thither but 
 that one Peter Avanne,^ then a leiger, or orator, for 
 Queen Mary, to the duke and eftate there, had 
 knowledge thereof, who, forthwith, fought all the 
 ways he could how he might have him to be taken 
 and apprehended. And firft, he maketh petition to 
 
 ' Rouen. 
 
 2 Peter Vannes, Ambassador at Rome, 1529 ; again, 1533. Latin 
 Secretary, 1533. Arch-Deacon of Worcester, 1534^1663. Coadjutor 
 Dean of Sarum, 1636. Dean there, 1539-1547, when he resigned ; 
 but he was again Dean on the 15th October, 1657, and again resigned 
 it in May, 1563, and died not long after. 
 
 He appears to have been strongly attached to Mary's cause, and 
 the Romish religion. Among his correspondence from Venice, in 
 the State Paper Office, is a long letter dated the 7th March, 1554-5, 
 relating in glowing terms, the measures he adopted to communicate, 
 in the most imposing manner possible, to the duke and Senate, 
 the queen's success against her enemies, but no mention of Sir Peter 
 Carew is traced in the correspondence. There are some letters of 
 about this period, written in cipher, which was, doubtless, the most 
 prudent way of communicating the iniquitous proceedings stated in 
 the text. 
 
 N 
 
6o Dejign to seize Him. [i554- 
 
 the high court and eftate, advertifing that a traitor to 
 the Queen of England, his miftrefs, was fled out of 
 England, and come thilher for refuge. Which noble 
 and famous city, although It were a free city, and a 
 fandtuary for all fuch as were distrefled and reforted 
 thither for fiiccour, yet not for fuch as were traitors 
 to their princes, and falfe to their countries. 
 
 Sir Peter Carew having fome intelligence of the 
 matter did forthwith fend for one Franclfco Fofca- 
 rinus, who was then an advocate, or attorney-general 
 for the whole State of Venice, and with whom the 
 faid Sir Peter had been very well acquainted when he 
 was at the court in England, in the time of king 
 Edward the Vlth. This Franclfco being forthwith 
 come unto him, he declared unto him all his whole 
 matter and prefent eftate, who, when he had heard the 
 fame at full, wlUeth him to be of good comfort, and 
 not to be afraid ; for, " I will," faith he, " repair to 
 the coxxrt and fee whether any matter be put In 
 againft you, which, if it be fo, I will anfwer It for 
 you ; but In the mean time take you heed to your- 
 felf, and go not abroad, unlefs you have good 
 company with you, and that you be alfo well armed 
 and appointed." 
 
 This Franclfco forthwith goeth to the court, and 
 there findeth the bill of petition which Peter Avanne 
 had exhibited unto the State againft Sir Peter, 
 whereunto he made fuch an efFedual and pithy 
 anfwer, that Peter Avanne's bill was rejeded. 
 
 Then Avanne devlfeth another way, and hireth 
 
1554-] Attempt to AJJ'aJJinate Him. 6i 
 
 certain ruffians, which fhould watch Sir Peter, and 
 then taking him at an advantage, they fhould difpatch 
 and murder him, which Sir Peter, remembering the 
 good council of his friend Francifco, did accordingly 
 provide for it. 
 
 It chanced that Sir Peter being on a time abroad, 
 muft needs return home to his lodging by a certain 
 corner in a ftreet, called ruga cauja, which Peter 
 Avanne knowing, did befet that place with fuch 
 ruffians as he had hired, who watched there with their 
 guns and weapons for him. Sir Peter being come 
 near to the place, perceiving the fame, prepared 
 himfelf, and appointed his company to go two and 
 two, and he, with one going with him, kept in the 
 midft, and fo pafled by the corner. The companions 
 which waited for him, and not knowing which he was 
 of them whom they would have, (for their pieces 
 were charged to have fliot only at him) and the 
 evening being fomewhat dim, they afked one the 
 other of themfelves, " le quelle," " which is he ? " 
 but Sir Peter being then pafled the corner, the 
 hindermofl: of his company, having alfo their piftols 
 charged, turned back and afked what they would, 
 who, when they perceived that he was pafTed whom 
 they would have they returned, and fo he efcaped. 
 For which, as he had great thanks to give to God, fo 
 then he determined no longer to tarry there in fuch 
 dangers and perils. And fending then again for his 
 friend Francifco, did by his means take up a piece of 
 money, and fo departed from thence, and went unto 
 
 N 2 
 
62 Vijits Strasbourg. [^554- 
 
 Strasburgh in Germany, where, at that time lay Dr. 
 Poynet, late Bifhop of Winchefter,i ^nd certain other 
 Englifhmen, being fled out of England for religion. 
 And among thefe he continued, and fliayed until he 
 had news from his lady and wife. 
 
 It happened whilft he lay there, that the houfe of 
 Mr. Poynet fell to be on fire, and fuch money and 
 and treafure as he had was in a cupboard in the wall, 
 and the fire fo increafed that no man durft to adven- 
 ture into the houfe to fetch it. Sir Peter, confidering 
 the diftrefs and heavinefs of the man, and hearing him 
 to make fome moan for his money, ran with all his 
 force and might to the cupboard, and with his foot 
 gave fuch a fl:roke that immediately he broke open 
 the cupboard, took out the money, and ran away. 
 But he was no fooner come out of the door, but the 
 houfe fell down, and fo it was by a miracle he was 
 preferved and faved. And fo, from that time, he 
 continued a fojourner in fl:range lands. 
 
 In the meantime, the lady his wife was a continual 
 fuitor and travailler to King Philip, and to the 
 Queen, for her huflaand, and having but cold fuits in 
 England, was driven to travell to the king, being at 
 Bruflels, in Brabant, and, in the end obtained her 
 purpofe.2 Which as foon as fhe had advertifed unto 
 
 ' John Poynet, Prebend of Canterbury. Bishop of Rochester, 
 1550. Translated to Winchester in the same year. Died at 
 Strasburgh, 1566. Aged 40. 
 
 -See letter from King Philip to Queen Mary. Appendix E. 
 
 No. 14. 
 
I555-J Proceeds to Brujj'els. 63 
 
 Sir Peter, he carne down from Strasburgh, unto 
 Antwerp; and being advertifed that the Lord 
 Paget^ was then lately come over in a meflage from 
 the queen unto the king, he, together with Sir John 
 Cheke,^ came to the court at Bruflels to falute 
 and to yield unto him fuch offices as became them ; 
 which the Lord Paget feemed to accept in very 
 good part, and gave them very good entertainment. 
 
 'Sir William Paget married Ann, daughter and heir of Henry 
 Preston, Secretary to the Queen ; Clerk of the Council, 1540-43 ; 
 Clerk of the Parliament, 15 — . Sent on a Mission to France, 1541 ; 
 again, 1544 ; to the Emperor, 1545 ; Custos Rotulorum of Stafford 
 and Derbyshires, 154- ; Privy Councillor, 23rd April, 1543 ; Secre- 
 tary of State, 1543 ; Lord Paget, 1549 ; Lord Privy Seal, 1556. 
 Died 9th June, 1563. 
 
 He was a man of low extraction, and questionable character. 
 In 1552, he was fined 6,000?. for defrauding the king's revenue, and 
 was degraded from the Garter : but on the accession of Queen Mary, 
 was restored. He was the ancestor of the present Marquis of 
 Anglesea. 
 
 2 Sir John Cheke, was descended from a family long settled at 
 Motston, in the Isle of Wight. He was born at Cambridge, in 1514 
 and entered St. John's College, in that University, in 1531, where he 
 greatly distinguished himself by his learning and abilities, particu- 
 larly in his proficiency in the Greek language, and as a theologian. 
 In 1540, he was appointed by King Henry to a Professorship of the 
 Greek tongue, in the University of Cambridge ; and in the year 
 1544, he was chosen one of the tutors to Prince Edward, afterwards 
 Edward the Vlth. He contributed much to form the character of 
 that amiable prince, and continued his preceptor untU his death. 
 After that event, his zeal for the Protestant religion, induced him to 
 adhere to the cause of Lady Jane Grey. For this ofience he was 
 stripped of all his estates, but finally obtained the Queen's pardon, 
 with permission to travel. His return is recorded in the text. 
 Being a man of such eminence and ability, great efforts were made 
 to induce him to conform to the Romish religion, which finally 
 proved successful. His estates were then restored to him, but he 
 lived not long to enjoy them. He died on the 13th February, 1553. 
 
64 Traitorously Seized, V^SSS- 
 
 Thefe gentlemen, miftrufting nothing, attended 
 him whilft he was there, and at his departure would 
 have brought him onwards in his journey, but he 
 would in nowife fufFer them, but taking them very 
 courteoufly by the hands, bid them both farewell ; 
 they little fufpedling that under the fair green grafs 
 was hidden the venomous ferpent, or, under fo many 
 fair words was couched any polfon. For the l,ord 
 Paget had fo prafttifed the matter with the Knight 
 Marfhall, or with the fherlfF of the country, that 
 thefe two gentlemen, as they were to return unto 
 Antwerp, fhould be entrapped by the way, and, as 
 traitors, be carried, perforce, into England. 
 
 Thefe two gentlemen, having thus taken their 
 leave, took their journey back towards Antwerp, and 
 by the way, the hired butcherly ftieriff lay in ambuih 
 for them, and as they were to pafs that way he 
 entrapped and took them, and perforce, as fheep 
 appointed to the flaughter, blindfolded them, and 
 carried them to the fea-fide, where, as was a Scallard 
 fifher boat provided for them to carry them into 
 England. 
 
 The gentlemen of the country, greatly mifliking 
 fuch a difordered or traitorous kind of apprehenfion, 
 challenged the fherifF for the fame ; but he, to cover 
 his corruption, and to excufe the matter, alleged that 
 he had received a commandment from the king for 
 the apprehending of them, becaufe they had praftifed 
 a new trouble and confpiracy againft the king and 
 queen, and that he was willed with all speed, to 
 
I555-J And fent to England. 65 
 
 execute the fame ; howbeit, it was moft untrue, fo 
 the king,! ^^g^ he heard thereof, was very much 
 offended, and would have delivered them if they had 
 not been before carried away. 
 
 Thefe thus apprehended and brought to the fea- 
 fide, they were blindfolded and put into the boat, the 
 one at the one end, and the other at the other end of 
 the boat, faft chained, not knowing where they were, 
 or whither they fliould, nor what fhould become of 
 them. Well, they might fpeak the one to the other, 
 but other comfort there was none. Howbeit Sir 
 John Cheke, although very well learned, but not 
 acquainted with the crofs of troubles, was ftill in 
 great defpair, great anguifh, and heavinefs, and 
 would not be comforted, fo great was his forrow ; 
 but Sir Peter Carew, whofe heart could not be 
 broken, nor mind overthrown with any adverfities, 
 and yielding to no fuch matter, comforted the other, 
 and encouraged him to be of a good ftomach, per- 
 fuading him (as though he had been a divine) to 
 patience and good contentation. 
 
 When they had crofsed over the feas they arrived 
 in the Thames, and being come near unto the Tower, 
 they heard the bell of the Tower, and then Sir Peter 
 knowing where they were, they were both glad that 
 they were come to fuch fafety ; for they verily fufpecfted 
 that they fhould have been caft into the feas, and 
 
 ' Philip at this time was lord of the Low Countries, of which 
 Antwerp was the principal town. 
 
6 6 Imprifoned in the Tower . \}SS^- 
 
 never more to be heard of. When they were fet on 
 land, they were forthwith carried into the Tower, 
 where the conftable, according to a precept before 
 fent unto him, received them both, and did then 
 put them afunder. Sir Peter was (hut up in a clofe 
 prifon, and of fmall eafe. 
 
 The lady, his wife, being hereof advertifed, the 
 news was not fo ftrange as grievous unto her that the 
 end, as ftie thought, of all his and her troubles fhould 
 now be the beginning of new forrows. But feeing 
 no remedy, flie prepareth herfelf to run into her old 
 courfe of new fuits, and confidering her hufband was 
 in very extreme duras, having neither bed to lye 
 upon, nor any to repair unto him, fhe is a fuitor for 
 the redrefs of both, and did obtain it ; fo that he had 
 a more convenient room, a bed to be brought unto 
 him, and that fhe might have accefs unto him, 
 and then profecuted her moft earneft fuit that he 
 might come to his answer, which, though it were 
 long firft, yet fhe, in the end, obtained it. And he 
 being fundry and oftentimes before the council, he 
 did in fuch wife order, anfwer and acquit himfelf, 
 that they could not juflly charge him, or justify any 
 matter againft him, faving in the end, it was found 
 that his grandfather. Sir Edmund Carew, the laft 
 Baron of Carew, did owe to the Queen a certain 
 piece of money, to the payment whereof his land was 
 liable, and that fame being paid, he fhould be 
 discharged and fet at liberty.^ So then all his 
 
 ' In the register of the Privy Council, in date Ist December, 1556, 
 
irrg.J Is Acquitted. 67 
 
 troubles being brought to a money matter, he found 
 the means for the payment thereof, and fo was releafed 
 out of prifon. 
 
 It was not long after but that he prefented him- 
 felf before Queen Mary, who gladly conferred with 
 him of all his troubles, and feemed to be very forry 
 for the fame, and glad that he had fo well acquitted 
 himfelf, promifing him that Ihe would ftand his good 
 lady and friend to do him any pleafure ; and, accord- 
 ingly, offers of preferment were made unto him if 
 he would have accepted them ; but being contented, 
 after long troubles, to live at fome reft, did continue 
 in a private ftate during all her reign. 
 
 After her death, the Lady Elizabeth being pro- 
 claimed queen, he reforted to the Court, and for that 
 his former troubles were fuftained partly for her 
 fake, he was had in great favour, and in place to 
 have been advanced to great honour and credit, if 
 he had been as ready to have received as fhe willing 
 to have given; but, as the common proverb, is "he 
 that will not open the bag when the pig is offered 
 muft needs go without it." Neverthelefs, the queen 
 confidered iiim very liberally, and gave him very 
 
 is the following entry : — " This daie, Sir Peter Carewe, knight, making 
 sute to the lis of the Counsaill, for sume ordre to be taken with 
 him for the payment of his debt, it was by their lis resolved, 
 first, that he shall paye before Candlemas next, iii C ^ at 
 Michaelmas following, and every halfe-yere, afterwarde, one C \k, till 
 theole debt bepaide, whiche amounteth in thole to viii Cxx.-l5:f The 
 queues ma"' to be moued to agree to this ordre. And the said 
 Sir Petre Carewe to put in sufficient suertes for the performance 
 thereof." 
 
68 Sent to the North, [1560. 
 
 good things, and which were as liberally, if not 
 waftfully, confumed. 
 
 He lay for the moft part in the beginning of her 
 reign at London,^ and in the fecond year of her 
 majefty's reign the Scots were very earneft fuitors 
 to her for her aid againft the Frenchmen, who then 
 made fuch repair into Scotland as though the whole 
 Government fhould reft upon their diredlions. 
 Whereupon fhe fent the Duke of Norfolk^ thither 
 and the Lord Grey* with an army ; but thefe two 
 noblemen did fomewhat jar the one with the other, 
 whereof ftie being advertifed, did forthwith fend Sir 
 
 ' It appears from the State Papers that ou the 26th March, 1559, 
 a commission was issued under the sign-manual to Sir William 
 Seyntlo, captain of the Guard, and Sir Peter Carew, for the survey 
 of the Tower of London, and the officers and ministers of the same. 
 
 ^ Thomas Howard, 4th Duke, eldest son of Henry, Earl of 
 Surrey, succeeded his grandfather 25th August, 1654, married Mary, 
 daughter and heir of Henry Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel. Elected 
 Knight of the Garter, 1569. Constituted Lieuteuant-General of the 
 North 1661. In 1567, Charles, King of France, conferred on him the 
 order of St. Michael, being the first time that distinguished honour 
 was ever conferred upon an English subject. Actuated by the 
 powerful passions of love and ambition, in the year 1569 he entered 
 into a conspiracy for releasing from her captivity the unfortunate 
 Mary, Queen of Scots, marrying her, and asserting her title to the 
 Crown of England. For this he was arraigned in Westminster Hall, 
 and, being found guilty, was executed on Tower Hill, on the 2ud June 
 1672. 
 
 ■> William, 13th Baron Grey of Wilton, was the 4th son of 
 Edmund, Lord Grey. His brothers dying successively without issue, 
 he succeeded to the title and estates in 20 Henry viii (1529). He 
 was one of the Council of Calais, 1540. Lieutenant of Hampnes 
 Castle, 1539. Captain 1543. Governorof Boulogne 1546. Marshall 
 of the field in the expedition into Scotland 1648, and, in the same 
 year, was sent with an expedition into Scotland to queU the commo- 
 
1560.] His Succefs. 69 
 
 Peter Carew thither, both to know the caufes/ and 
 alfo to certify her, and in the meantime to compound 
 the variance if he might. At his coming unto thefe 
 noblemen, and having advertifed unto them his 
 meflage, did likwife advertife back again to her high- 
 nefl" his anfwer, and the ftate of all things as it flood 
 there, and whereof he himfelf, albeit a bad fcrivener, 
 was his own fecretary, he fearing and not durfting to 
 commit the fame to any other perfon. 
 
 Whilft he remained there in the camp, there was 
 a piece of fervice to be done, and the fame, by 
 means of the jars between thefe two noblemen, like 
 to be diforderly done ; whereupon the faid Sir Peter 
 took the matter in hand, and did, forthwith, fo Ikil- 
 fully, and fpeedily, fet the army in battle array as 
 did further the fervice, appease the unquietnefs, and 
 
 tion which had arisen in consequence of the change of religion. 
 In 5 Edward vi, he was attainted as a favourite of the Duke of 
 Somerset, and committed to the Tower ; but in the year following 
 was made Deputy of Calais and Governor of Guisnes. In 1 Mary 
 he took part with the Duke of Northumberland in the cause of 
 Lady Jane Grey. In 1 Elizabeth he was restored in blood, and in 
 the next year, being then one of the Knights of the Garter, he was 
 made Governor of Berwick. He died 14th December, 1562, leaving 
 issue by Mary, daughter of Charles, Earl of Worcester, two sons, 
 Arthur and William, and one daughter, Honora, wife of Henry 
 Denny, of Cheston, in Hertfordshire. 
 
 ' " The present occurrences here are rather uncertain than sure, 
 especially towards the north ; for I assure your Lordship, my lords 
 here are in marvellous perplexity that there is no more done towards 
 Leith of this long time than they yet hear of ; and for that purpose is 
 Sir Peter Carew dispatched with all speed northward, to understand 
 the particular causes of this delay."- Extract from a letter from 
 the Court to the Earl of Shrewsbury, dated 15th May, 1560, pre- 
 served among the Talbot Papers, and published by Lodge, Illus. His., 
 vol. i ; fo. 382. 
 
70 Retires from Court. [1560. 
 
 purchafe great credit, and the commendation of a 
 Ikilful warrior. 
 
 When he had done and performed the meflage 
 and fervlce which was commanded and enjoyned him, 
 he returned back to the Court, and was commended, 
 with thanks, by the queen for his good fervice. 
 And flie, being fomewhat pleafant with him, thanked 
 him for his letters of his own penning, commending 
 him to be a very good fecretary ; for, indeed, he 
 wrote them with no more pain than fbe had labour 
 to read them : for as he fpent a night in writing, fo 
 fhe fpent a whole day in reading. 
 
 After this he gave over London, and came to 
 his houfe at Mohun's Ottery, where, and at other 
 places in Devon, he fpent his time, to his great 
 credit with her and with the whole country, faving her 
 highnefs feemed to conceive fome unkindnefs againft 
 him, becaufe at the parliament holden in the firft year 
 of her reign he was thought to favour the bill put 
 in concerning the motion for her marriage ; as alfo 
 becaufe he refufed to be one of the parliament- 
 houfe in the thirteenth year of her reign, when, as 
 fhe faid, he might have done her some good fervice ; 
 neverthelefs. It pleafed her to ufe his fervice as occa- 
 fion ferved. And when the Duke of Norfolk'^ was 
 to be arraigned at Weftminfter-hall he was made the 
 chief officer for that time, and conftable of the 
 Tower, both to bring him and carry him back again 
 from the Tower to Weftmlnfler. 
 
 See Note, 2, p. 68. 
 
1564.] CommiJ'sioned againji the Pirates. 71 
 
 It was not long after but he returned him into 
 his country of Devon, and there refted himfelf, 
 attending fuch affairs of the commonwealth as the 
 time required.! And being now at fome leifure, he 
 bethought himfelf of fuch lands as he was perfuaded 
 he Ihould have by inheritance, within the realm of 
 Ireland. And, although he had fundry writings of 
 evidences for the fame, yet they being old, and he 
 unlearned, he could neither read them himfelf, nor 
 was acquainted with any who could and would fuffi- 
 ciently inflrud him. And having continual fpeeches 
 thereof unto his friends and acquaintance, bemoan- 
 ing, as it were, the want of fome expert and fkilful 
 man to inftruct him, it was, at length, advertifed unto 
 him, that the writer hereof, being to him then 
 unacquainted, was a man greatly given to feek and 
 fearch old records and antient writings, and was very 
 fkilful in reading of them, and that he was beft able 
 of any in the city of Exeter to do him pleafure in 
 this behalf. 
 
 Sir Peter being very earnefl and defirous to have 
 his humour to be fatisfied, feeketh means of acquaint- 
 ance with him, and having attained the fame, he 
 did forthwith fhew and impart unto him, two or 
 
 • The southern and western coasts of both England and Ireland 
 had been long infested with pirates and freebooters of every descrip- 
 tion. Accordingly, in the year 1564, we find a commission issued 
 to Sir Peter Carew, to fit out certain ships for their extirpation. 
 The queen's letters to him on that occasion, as well as other papers 
 relating to the transaction will be found in Appendix U. 
 
72 Invejiigates Title to Lands in Ireland. [1567. 
 
 three old writings of evidence, concerning the faid 
 his lands, and of which one was very old, and had 
 been trodden under the foot, and by that means the 
 letters were almoft worn out. Neverthelefs, this 
 man did read them, and declare the efFed: of them 
 unto him, which he did like fo well, that then he 
 committed unto him the view and fearch of all his 
 evidences, of which he ferved only thofe out of fo 
 many as he thought did appertain to this matter. 
 And all thefe he wrote out into a fair book,i and 
 thereof, as alfo only of his other evidences, he drew 
 out his pedigree and defcent. And then. Sir Peter 
 Carew, being fatisfied of his title, and inftrufted of 
 his right, did, by the advice of this writer, make his 
 repair to her highnefs, and to the council, laying 
 before them, and giving them to underftand, what 
 title and right he had to fundry pieces of lands in 
 the realm of Ireland, moft humbly requeftine; that 
 he might have the liberty to travel over into that 
 realm for the recovery thereof. 
 
 Her majefty and council feemed to be glad 
 thereof, and did not only grant his requeft, but alfo 
 fent their feveral letters to the lord-deputy of that 
 realm, and to all her officers for his furtherance and 
 help therein. When he had obtained all thefe things 
 according to his own mind, he cometh down into the 
 country, fendeth for this writer, and imparteth unto 
 
 ' There is a " fair book ' of these evidences in the Lambeth 
 Library, No. 606, and we are informed that there is a similar one in 
 the possession of Sir William De la Pole, Baronet. 
 
1 568. J Sends Hooker to Ireland. 73 
 
 him the whole fuccefs of his journey ; and then 
 conferreth with him what were beft to be done. At 
 length, upon good advice and conference between 
 them, it was concluded that fome one fhould be firft 
 fent over to learn and underftand here the fame, and 
 in what cafe the right of the matter was there, and 
 whether any attaicture,i ftatute, or alienation, were 
 made by any of the anceftors of this gentleman, by 
 which his right were extind ; and there being none 
 who would, or who was meet to, take this matter 
 upon him, then he entreated with this writer to do 
 it ; who, notwithftanding that he was very loath, yet 
 at length he yielded thereunto: and forthwith he 
 took fhipping at Ilfracombe, being then the beginning 
 of May, and arrived to (at) Waterford, and from 
 thence taking his journey towards Dublin, he pafled 
 through the country of Odrone, which was a barony, 
 and parcel of the inheritance of the faid Sir Peter, 
 and fundry of whose anceftors had been barons of 
 the fame. 
 
 At his coming to Dublin, and as foon as he had 
 prefented his letters to Mr. Robert Wefton,^ then 
 lord chancellor, and to Sir William Fitzwilliam, 
 Knight,^ they two being then lords juftices, in the 
 
 " (Attainder). 
 
 '^ Robert Weston, L.L.D., Dean of the Arches in England, and 
 appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland 8th August, 1667. 
 
 ^ Sir William Fitzwilliam, eldest son and heir of Sir William 
 Fitzwilliam, of Milton, in Northamptonshire, by Anne, daughter of 
 Sir Richard Sapoote, of Elton, in Huntingdonshire, ancestor of the 
 present Earl Fitzwilliam. He married Anne, sister of Sir Henry 
 
74 Hooker s Succcfs. [1568. 
 
 abfence of Sir Henry Sydney/ lord-deputy ; and 
 likewife his letters to the mafter of the rollsj^ he had 
 the liberty to have accefs, and to make his repair 
 to all fuch records as were within the Caftle of 
 Dublin. And in the fearch of which he fpent a few 
 weeks, finding many records to maintain and juftify 
 the title which Sir Peter Carew had to fundry 
 feigniories, and to pieces of lands, as well in the pro- 
 vince of Lienfter, where the barony of Odrone lieth, 
 as alfo in the province of Munfter, in which he had 
 great feigniories, and where his anceftors were fome- 
 times marquifles, and in the province of Meath, in 
 which are the lordfhips of Dowlike, and of Mafton 
 Troote, fometimes named Balymaclefhan, and fundry 
 other particular pieces lying thereabouts. But as for 
 any attainders, ftatutes of abfences, or any alienations, 
 or difcontinuance, there appeared none in all the 
 records. 
 
 When he faw all things to frame fo well, and 
 
 Sydney, and was many times Loi-d-Deputy of Ireland, besides being 
 on several occasions Lord Justice, and holding other high offices in 
 that kingdom. He died 22nd June, 1599, and was buried at Mar- 
 ham, in Northamptonshire. 
 
 1 Sir Henry Sydney was the son of Sir William Sydney, of 
 Penshurst, in Kent, and married Mary Dudley, daughter of John 
 Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, and sister of the Earl of Jjeicester. 
 He was one of the most distinguished statesmen of his time, and 
 was Knight of the Garter, President of Wales, and Deputy of 
 Ireland. 
 
 2 Henry Draycott, of Marinerton, co. Meath, Esq., Chief Remem- 
 brancer of the Exchequer, appointed Master of the Rolls by Privy 
 Seal, dated .'5th October, 1565, patent 15th December, on which 
 day he appeared in Chancery in that character. Died 1572. 
 
1568.J 8ir Peter proceeds to Ireland. y^ 
 
 that nothing could be found to prejudice or impeach 
 his title, but only prefcription, which in that land 
 holdeth not, he fendeth, forthwith, his letters of 
 advertifement unto Sir Peter Carew, who, not a little 
 rejoicing thereof, embarked himself at Ilfracombe in 
 the beginning of August, 1568, and arrived at Water- 
 ford, where he ftayed until he had fent for the author 
 hereof, who then lay in the Barony of Odrone, at the 
 house of one Henry Davells,^ Efquire, and ( ) 
 
 born in Devon, who forthwith repaired unto him. 
 
 As foon as it was known that he was thus ar- 
 rived, there reforted alfo unto him Thomas Stukely,^ 
 
 ' Henry Davels, younger son of William Davels, of Merland, near 
 Hatherleigh. He was greatly distinguished by his services in Ireland, 
 where, by his high and honourable qualities, he had won the esteem 
 and regard of all classes. He was an intimate and warm friend of 
 Sir John Desmond, and for this reason, upon the breaking out of 
 the rebellion in 1579, under James Fitzmaurioe, he was selected by 
 Sir WUliam Drury, President of Munster, to ascertain the views 
 and reclaim the wavering allegiance of the Earl of Desmond and his 
 brothers. In consequence of Sir John of Desmond's familiarity 
 with the English, and particularly from the friendship which existed 
 between Davels and him, his devotion to the cause was the sub- 
 ject of suspicion among the rebels. To remove this impression, 
 and secure their confidence, he determined upon the following base 
 and sanguinary outrage. Davels having executed his commission to 
 the Earl, in his return remained a night at Tralee, whither he was 
 followed by Sir John. Without suspicion of evil he retired to rest ; 
 but, in the dead of the night, he was roused from his slumbers by the 
 entry into his room of Sir John Desmond, who had gained admis- 
 sion by bribing the porters. Recognizing his friend, Davels ex- 
 claimed with some surprise, but with his usual familiar manner, 
 " What, son ! what is the matter V But Sir John merely replied 
 with a fierce gesture, " No more son, nor no more father, but make 
 thyself ready, for die thou shalt !" and immediately murdered him. 
 ^ Thomas Stukely was a younger son of an antient and wealthy 
 
 O 
 
76 Arrives at Odrone, [1568. 
 
 Efquire, then Conftable of Leighlin, and Senechal 
 of Wexford, and the aforefaid Henry Davells, and, 
 
 family, seated near Ilfracombe, in Devonshire ; one of which, of the 
 same name, was sheriff of that county in the 12th of Henry YIII. 
 Stukeley was one of the most extraordinary men of the age in 
 which he lived. Fuller gives him a place among his Worthies, and 
 says : " He was one of good parts, but valued less by others 
 because he overprised himself. Having prodigally misspent his 
 patrimony, he entered upon several projects (the issue general of 
 all decaied estates), and first pitched upon the peopling of Florida, 
 then newly discovered in the West Indies." So confident was his 
 ambition and arrogance that he hesitated not to tell Queen Eliza- 
 beth to her face that he prefei-red rather to be the sovereign of a 
 mole-hm than the highest subject of the greatest king in Christen- 
 dom ; adding that he was assured he should be a prince before his 
 death. " I hope (said Elizabeth) I shall hear from you when you 
 are instated in your principality." " I will write unto you " (quoth 
 Stukely). "In what language" (saith the queen). He returned, 
 "in the style of princes : 'To our dearest sister.' " 
 
 Fuller says the Florida adventure failed for want of money; 
 whereupon he proceeded into Ireland, then the great field for all 
 aspirants in arms, where he was employed for some years. Accord- 
 ing to Wright, having been refused the responsible post of Steward 
 of Wexford, his turbulent spirit was so irritated that he threw 
 aside his allegiance to the English Crown, and repaired to Spain, 
 to solicit assistance from Philip II, for the rebellious party in Ireland. 
 Then he proceeded to Rome, and so far ingratiated himself with the 
 Pope, that he obtained his concurrence in an expedition for the con- 
 quest of Ireland. His holiness, moreover, gratified his restless 
 ambition by conferring on him the empty, but high-sounding, titles 
 of Baron of Ross, Viscount Murrough, Earl of Wexford, Marquis of 
 Leinster. Being furnished with a band of 800 men, he embarked for 
 Ireland ; but in his passage thither he landed at Lisbon, when he 
 found Sebastian, King of Portugal, with two Moorish kings, about 
 to proceed on his celebrated expedition into Africa. Stukely was 
 induced to join with them, and, with his confederates, was slain on 
 the ill-fated field of Alcazar. 
 
 " A fatal fight, where in one day was slain 
 Three Mngs that was, and o'lu that would have been.'' 
 
 Stukeley's name is found very frequently in the popular ballads 
 and literature of the period. 
 
1568.] And makes "Entry" upon the Barony . jj 
 
 congratulating his coming, they provided horfes for 
 him, and all his company, and conduced him firft to 
 Leighlin, where he had very liberal and honourable 
 entertainment of Mr. Stukely, and thither reforted 
 unto him fundry of the chief of Kavanaghs, who then 
 were the occupiers of the barony, and fhowed unto 
 them that he was their lord, and that he was come 
 to make claim and to recover the fame his barony, 
 which fpeeches were not fo hard unto them but they 
 more hardly digefted them. From thence, he hav- 
 ing thus made an entry upon the barony, the faid 
 gentlemen conduded him to Dublin, where he re- 
 mained until Allhallowtide without doing of any 
 thing, becaufe, as then. Sir Henry Sydney, then Lord 
 Deputy, was not yet come out of England. 
 
 During his abiding there he lay at a houfe named 
 St. Mary Abbey, where he kept a very liberal and 
 a bountiful houfe, and great refort daily was unto 
 him, for which he was had in great admiration. But 
 nothing was fo ftrange as that he was come to make 
 title, and claim, for fuch great lands as was thought 
 would never have been claimed. For, albeit, they 
 knew all that the Carews, whom they name, in their 
 language, "Carones," were great pofTeffioners and 
 noblemen in that land, and that there were many as 
 yet remaining in moft part of the realm of the fame 
 name and family, yet they little thought that the 
 name, having been almoft extinft for certain hundreds 
 of years, any was left alive or remaining, to whom 
 the inheritance of the fame fhould defcend unto ; but 
 
 o 2 
 
78 Proceeds to Dublin, [1568. 
 
 having known that he was the man who of right 
 ought to have it, they could but marvel at it, and 
 yet confefs the right. 
 
 It happened that on a time that he was riding on 
 his footcloth through the ftreets in Dublin, an old 
 gentlewoman fat at her door as he pafled by, and 
 talking with one of her neighbours, faith : " Ye have 
 heard that it is an old faying that a dead man should 
 rife again, and lo," faith fhe, pointing her hand to 
 Sir Peter, " yonder he is ; for his anceftors were great 
 Lords, and had great pofTeflions in this realm, but hav- 
 ing not been heard of thefe two hundred or three hun- 
 dred years, it was thought they had been all dead, and 
 none left on live to claim the fame, but now this man 
 is rifen as it were from the dead, and is awaked and 
 mindeth to Jiurre them out of their nefts, which 
 thought to lie all at their refts." And this was not 
 only her talk, but it was alfo the common fkelte^ 
 and fpeech throughout the whole land, and the moft 
 part, generally, were glad, and rejoiced that fo noble, 
 fo worthy, liberal, and valiant a gentleman, and fome- 
 tymes of their own nation, was come to dwell again 
 amongft them. 
 
 Whilft he lay at fome leifure at Dublin, he be- 
 thought himfelf whether it were better to begin in 
 the fuit for the barony of Odrone, or with Sir 
 Chriftopher Chy vers for his lordfhip of Mafton ; for 
 as concerning his claim to tlie great feignlories in 
 
 ' Rumour, report. 
 
1568.] Claims the Lordjhip of Mafton. 79 
 
 Munfter, the fame being of a great weight and im- 
 portance, it was not yet to be dealt with. 
 
 At length he fendeth for Sir Chriftopher Chy- 
 vers, who dwelled at Mafton, about fifteen or fixteen 
 miles from Dublin, and within the Englifti pale, and 
 advertifed him that the houfe and lands which the 
 faid Sir Chriftopher then held, was not his, but the 
 faid Sir Peter's, and that he had good charts to ftiew 
 for the fame, and was therefore come to make claim 
 thereunto. Sir Chriftopher, at this motion, was 
 aftonied, and albeit it touched him near the quick, 
 yet being very courteoufly entreated and entertained 
 by Sir Peter, he thanked him for it, and requefted a 
 time of refpite to give his anfwer, which, in the end, 
 was, that he would not depart from it otherwife than 
 as by law the fame ftiould be recovered. 
 
 Upon this anfwer Sir Peter was refolved to begin 
 with him, becaufe he was a gentleman of good coun- 
 tenance and wealthy, and well allied, efpecially with 
 lawyers ; faying, he would begin with the beft, and, 
 if he did prevail againft him, then the refidue would 
 the fooner yield. But before this anlwer, he was 
 perfuaded to have begun his fuit againft the Ka- 
 vanaghs for the barony of Odrone, becaufe the fame 
 was of his antient inheritance, a great territory or 
 country, and which carried the title of honour. 
 
 Sir Chriftopher Chy vers, perceiving that he fliould 
 be called unto the law, doth fo impart his cafe unto 
 the lawyers, that there was not a lawyer within that 
 land, of any countenance, who would be in council 
 
8o Exhibits Bill before Deputy & Council. [1568, 
 
 with Sir Peter Carew, saving one John Synnet of the 
 town of Wexford, in the province of Leinfter, where- 
 fore he fent forthwith into England for one Mr. 
 William Peryan/ an outer barrifter of the Middle 
 Temple, and born in the city of Exeter, who, being 
 come over, they framed a bill againft Sir Chriftopher 
 Chyvers, and exhibited the fame againft him before 
 the Lord Deputy and Council ; and forthwith a pre- 
 cept was fent unto him for his appearance, and at the 
 day appointed^ he, with his eight counfellors, appeared ; 
 but they refufed to anfwer the bill, becaufe they faid 
 that court was no ordinary court for the trial of lands, 
 and therefore the Lord Deputy and Council were no 
 competent judges; fecondarlly, that no perfon fhould 
 be impleaded for any lands but by the order and 
 courfe of the common laws, and not otherwife ; and 
 laftly, that the common law being every man's in- 
 heritance, no man ought to be abridged thereof; and 
 to this the two Chief Juftices^ did confent. But Mr. 
 Per y an replying, anfwered — firft, that the Queen's 
 
 ' Son of John Peryan, Esq., twice Mayor of the city of Exeter, 
 ■viz. : 1563 and 1572, in which last year of the mayoralty, he died. 
 In 1580, Mr. Peryan was called to the degree of serjeant-at-law. 
 In 1581 he was constituted one of the Justices of the Common Pleas. 
 In 1593 received the honour of knighthood, and, in the same year, 
 was made Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, which office he held 
 until his death, on the 9th October, 1604. 
 
 2 3rd November, 1568. 
 
 ^ Sir John Plunket, of Bousoghly, co. Dublin ; appointed Chief 
 Justice of the King's Bench, Aylmer removed, 12th October, 
 1559. Privy Councillor and Privy Seal, 1562. Died 1683. 
 
 Sir Robert Dillon, of Newtouu, co. Meath, was Attorney- 
 General to King Henry VIII ; second Justice of the King's Bench, 
 and a Privy CounciUor, 18th February, 1553. Chief Justice of the 
 
1568.] "JuriJdiSiion of the Council denied. 81 
 
 Majefty, by her prerogative, might and did ufe to 
 call before her all matters whatfoever depending in 
 any court ; fecondarlly, that every man being driven 
 to an extremity, or wanting juft trial, may bring his 
 caufe before her Majefty, either in the Chancery or be- 
 fore the Council ; laftly, that there were fundry prece- 
 dents to be fhewed how, in the like cafes before this, 
 the like matters had been decided there. In that land, 
 before the Lord Deputy and Council ; but this 
 anfwer not fufficing, and they ftill denying the autho- 
 rity of that court, the Queen's prerogative was called 
 in queftlon, and thereupon the two Lords Juftices, and 
 the Queen's learned counfel, were commanded, by a 
 day,^ to advertife the Lord Deputy whether he 
 might proceed to hear and determine any fuch 
 matters. Who, accordingly, taking advice with 
 the learned men,^ and perufing their books, gave 
 
 Common Pleas 3rd September, 1559. He married Genet, younger 
 daughter of Edmund Barnewell, of Crickstown, Esq., and had issue 
 four sons and three daughters, of whom Sir Lucus Dillon was his 
 heir. Sir Robert Dillon was the ancestor of the Earls of Roscommon. 
 
 1 Monday, 8th November. 
 
 ^ Item, on Satterday, y^ vi* of Novemb'., Justice Plunkett, and 
 Justice DiUon, being at dinner at the Inns of Court in Dublin, 
 did, after dinner, assemble and caU together, all y" gentlemen 
 and studientes there, and then propoundinge y" question of the 
 Queen's prerogative, and of the authoritie of the table of y= Coun- 
 saill ; whether any matter in lawe might there be determined, one, 
 Justice Talbott, of the Common Place, stood vpp, and said, y' the 
 Lo. Deputie and Counsaill, might heere any and determyn. Imme- 
 diately, Robert Dillon, baron Bathe's sonne, and Mr. Chyvors, who 
 was present at all these things, talking together, the said Dillon 
 said. " We have a great matter in hand ;" " yea," saith Bathe, 
 "and such if that table may here and determyn yo matter, S'' 
 
82 Jurifdiction affirmed. [1568. 
 
 a refolute anfwer/ that forafmuch as Sir Peter Carew, 
 for fundry caufes, could not have his juft trial at 
 the common law, that therefore this matter was de- 
 terminable before the Lord Deputy and Council. 
 Upon which their determination, Sir Chriftopher 
 Chyvers was commanded, and had day to put in 
 his anfwer to the bill exhibited againft him, which 
 he did.^ And then feeing that he was abridged from 
 all fuch dilatories as his counfel learned were minded 
 and might have ufed at the common law, and find- 
 ing, alfo, that Sir Peter had such good and fubftantial 
 charts to fhow as which they could not avoid, they 
 make requeft the matter might be ended by com- 
 promife, whereunto Sir Peter would never yield until 
 Sir Chriftopher himfelf did, in moft humble fuit, 
 pray and defire the fame, alleging the undoing of 
 himfelf, his wife, and children, if the land fhould be 
 evidted of him. 
 
 Christopher, wilbe shreudlie shaken." " God forbydd," said S' Chris- 
 topher. " Yes," said he, " aud if you had not the better charts you 
 may happly be shaken out of great pece of your land. " No," saith 
 S' Chr'., "I wiU rather spend £10,000."— lamb. MSS., 606, fol. 49. 
 
 ' On mondaie neither Justice Dyllon of f Common Place, nor 
 Justice Plunkett, of y" King's Bench, did give any answer of their 
 opinion, but on Tewsedaie, secretly, they gave iudgment, y' the table 
 of the Lo. Deputie, and Counsaill might proceed, and determyn ; 
 wherefore it was concluded by the Lord Deputy and Counsell, that 
 this matter there entered, aud begonne before them, should be there 
 determyned.— Lamb. MSS., 606, fol. 49. 
 
 2 On friday, 12 November. He could only show a title to the 
 twentieth part of a moiety of Corbally, a very insignificant portion 
 of S'' Peter's claim, which he showed to have been held by Walter 
 Chever, his great grandfather. With respect to the rest, he was 
 obliged to admit that he did not possess the freehold. Lamb. MSS., 
 606, fol. 57. 
 
1568.] Compounds for Majion. 83 
 
 Sir Peter, being overcome with his requefts, and 
 partly pitying the ftate of the knight, was contented, 
 and in the end, the arbitrators finding that Sir 
 Chriftopher had nothing to fhew for his title, but 
 only a leafe for fome parcel of land whereof were a 
 hundred years then to come,^ they fet a price between 
 them, which, albeit it were nothing in refpedb to the 
 value of the land, yet a great deal more than it was 
 for Sir Chriftopher's eafe to pay ; wherefore, fubmit- 
 tmg himfelf wholly to Sir Peter's devotion, he fo 
 entreated with him, and by entreaty fo prevailed with 
 him, that in the end, he had the whole land releafed 
 unto him almoft for nothing,^ faving a drinking 
 "nutt" of filver worth about twenty pounds, and 
 three or four horfes, worth about thirty pounds. Sir 
 Peter Carew, himfelf making more account of the 
 conqueft, and that he had made him to confefs before 
 the Lord Deputy and Council, and the chiefeft of 
 the realm then prefent, that he had no title to the 
 land, than he did for the value of the land, though it 
 were a fufficient living for a right worfhipful man. 
 
 This matter thus ended, he followeth his fuit 
 againft the Kavanaghs, againft whom he had exhibited 
 his bill, and they anfwered to the fame.^ And in the 
 end, judgment was given for him againft them, and 
 
 ' See Note, 2, p. 82. 
 
 ^See Sir Peter's Letter, Appendix H., No. 3. 
 
 ' Alleging as their title that they were descended from Dermond 
 Gelde, M" Morogh, who, before the conquest, was king of Leinster, 
 which, if true, was not a sufficient title, as it was overthrown and 
 avoided by the Conquest. Dermond, however, had but one daughter 
 
84 Recovers the Barony of O drone. [1568. 
 
 by a decree of the Lord Deputy and council,^ he 
 pronounced to be the right lord of the barony of 
 Odrone, as of his lawful and antient inheritance ; and 
 before the feaft of Chriftmas he was in full pofleffion 
 of the fame, by a warrant diredted by the Lord 
 Deputy and council to Henry Davells, Efquire, then 
 fherifF of the county of Catherlough.^ 
 
 Immediately, or not long after, Thomas Stukely 
 was difcharged of the cuftody and garrifon of Leigh- 
 lin, and Sir Peter Carew appointed to the fame by 
 a commiffion from the Lord Deputy, bearing date, 
 the 17th February, 1568.^ 
 
 All thefe things being thus compafled, Sir Peter 
 
 and heir, who married Strongbow. Sir Peter, on the other hand, 
 proved his lineal descent from Digon, who, long subsequent to the 
 Conquest, was acknowledged Baron of Odrone, and further showed 
 that several of the Carews, his ancestors, had been seized of the said 
 barony, and had been called into the Court of Exchequer, to answer 
 the rents and royal services due for the same. That his ancestors 
 ■were successively, by lineal descent, seized of the said barony, until 
 the M° Murrogh's, in time of general rebellion, had forcibly and 
 wrongfully driven them out. Lambeth MSS., 606, fol. 69. 
 
 1 Dated 17th December, 1568. Lambeth MSS., 606, fol. 59. 
 
 2 Copy. Lambeth MSS., 606, fol. 58. 
 ' See Appendix H., No. 4. 
 
 N.B.— Onthe 10th February, 1569, Sir Peter Carew was appointed 
 of the Privy Council of Ireland, as appears from the following extract 
 from the draft of a letter from Queen Elizabeth, to the Lord Deputy : 
 — " We do also well allowe your choice of Sir Peter Carew, in recom- 
 mending him to be by vs appointed of our counsele there to assist 
 you, for so we think him able and mete for many respects, which we 
 would have you declare vnto him ; and thervpon we will that you 
 do in suche manner as thereto shalbe requisite, call him of our 
 said Privy Counscll, and in our name admit him, and give place, and 
 for the service of vs in the same." 
 
1568.] Appointed Conjiable of Leighlin. 85 
 
 Carew took his leave of the Lord Deputy and Council, 
 and departed to Leighlin. At his coming thither, and 
 being there, he endeavoured himfelf to do all things as 
 might be done uprightly, and without reproach ; and 
 wherein he was noted efpecially in three things, 
 the firft was, for his houfekeeping and hofpitality, 
 which was fo liberal and bountiful as none like unto 
 him in that country. The fecond was for his govern- 
 ment, which was done with fuch equity and upright- 
 nefs, that none could, or did, complain of him, that 
 either for favour, afFedtion, or difpleafure, he did, or 
 would deny to execute juftice and true judgment ; 
 and by that means he brought that country to fuch a 
 quiet ftate, as that it was rid from all oppreffors, 
 kernes, and other loofe people, which lived upon the 
 fpoil and rapine of others. Thirdly, he fo courteoufly 
 dealed, and fo friendly entreated his tenants, the 
 Kavanaghs, and fo liberally beftowed upon them, 
 that, albeit it were fome grief unto them to be 
 dispoffefled of the pofTeffions which on long time 
 they had held and enjoyed, yet they moft gladly 
 ferved him, and became to be his tenants, and took 
 of him fuch portions of lands by writing as pleafed 
 him to devife unto them, yielding fuch rents, duties, 
 and fervice, as it pleafed him to referve. And then, 
 alfo^ he erefted certain courts baron, in fundry places 
 within his barony, for maintenance of peace and 
 quietnefs among them, according to the laws and 
 ufages of England, which to them, before that time, was 
 not known ; and by thefe means, his name and fame 
 
8 6 His Life Attempted. [1568. 
 
 fo increafed, that the moft part of the people thought 
 themfelves moft happy that fo good a man was come 
 amongft them. Neverthelefs, fome there were who 
 loving, and being accuftomed to reap what other men 
 do fow, and to fpend what other men do get, could 
 not abide the neighbourhood, nor like the dwelling 
 fo near fuch a worthy man, and, therefore, they, being 
 gorged with envy, could not abide him, nor like of 
 him ; but in fecret manner praftifed and devifed the 
 difcrediting of him, which, when they could not 
 compafs, they imagined his deftru<5lion. 
 
 For on a time, he being to come from Dublin 
 towards Leighlin, and being come to a place called 
 Black Raghe, It was advertifed him that there were 
 certain horfemen and their kernes, which lay at Bolton 
 Hill in an ambufti, to entrap him as he fliould pafs 
 that way. This Bolton Hill is a place not far from 
 TrefTelderment which lieth fouth from it, and not far 
 from the houfe of the Earl of Kildare, called KIU- 
 manye, which lieth on the weft fide thereof in the 
 valley between it and the river of the Barrow, and on 
 which hill lieth the highway from Dublin to Leighlin, 
 and upon which a man may efcry afar ofF. 
 
 Sir Peter Carew, underftanding by his efpials that 
 the advertlfement was true, he turned down towards 
 the river of Barrow, and pafseth by the houfe of 
 Kyllmanye, aforefaid, unto Carlough, leaving Bolton 
 Hill upon the left hand, and fo efcaped his enemies 
 for that time. 
 
 Sundry fuch confpiracies had been, and daily were 
 
1568.] Feud with Sir Edmund Butler. 87 
 
 contrived againft him, and for no other caufe but 
 becaufe he did not only abolifh in his own country, 
 but alfo inveighed againft the wicked and deteftable 
 ufages of the Irifhey, in coyne, and livery, in cefshe- 
 ries, and ceffes, and fuch other Irifti cuftoms, the 
 fame being but the fpoiling of the honeft fubjedt and 
 the labourer, and the maintenance of thieves, mur- 
 derers, and all loofe and difordered people. 
 
 The chiefeft and greateft adverfary that he had 
 was fuppofed to be Sir Edmund Butler, brother to 
 the Earl of Ormond.^ He propounded and alleged 
 that Sir Peter did make challenge to fome parcel of 
 his land, which he held, and was given unto him by the 
 earl his father.^ True it is that in the Dulloghe being 
 a parcel of the Barony of Odrone, and lying on 
 the weft of the barony, this Sir Edmund Butler had 
 a portion of land called Cloghgrenan, which his 
 father, James, Earl of Ormond, had taken from one 
 Moroghe Geyre Kavanagh, and having expulfed him, 
 did give the fame to his fon Sir Edmund ; but this 
 conveyance being nothing in law, nor sufficient to cut 
 off, or to abarre, the title of Sir Peter, who had 
 recovered his whole barony againft the Kavanaghs, 
 
 1 Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond, and 3rd Earl of Ossory ; 
 married daughter of John, 2nd Lord Sheffield, Lord Treasurer of 
 Ireland, 1559. Died, 1614. 
 
 ' James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ossory, created Viscount Thurles, 
 and in his father's lifetime obtained an Act of Parliament for the 
 restitution of the Earldom of Ormond, which had been conferred by 
 King Henry Vlllth, 1639, upon Thomas Boleyn, Viscount Rochford, 
 son of Sir William Boleyn, by Margaret, daughter aud heir of 
 Thomas, 8th Earl of Ormond, who died 1515. 
 
88 Another Con/piracy againji Sir Peter. [1568. 
 
 yet, neverthelefs, having fundry conferences with Sir 
 Edmund herein, did conclude with him, that though 
 he fuppofed his title to be good and sufficient, yet, 
 for the honour he did bear -unto the earl, and the 
 good will which he did bear unto the faid Sir Edmund, 
 he would neither dispoffefs, nor trouble him at all, 
 until fuch time as both their titles were opened and 
 difcovered to the earl, and then if it did appear that 
 the title of Sir Edmund were good and fufEcient, he 
 fhould quietly enjoy the fame ; but, on the contrary, 
 if the right lay in him, the faid Sir Peter, yet he 
 would deal fo well, fo friendly, and fo like a gentle- 
 man, with him that both he and the earl his brother 
 fhould well like of it. Neverthelefs, Sir Edmund, 
 whofe bent was another way, could not brook Sir 
 Peter, nor digefl; his manners, nor allow of his offers, 
 but, as one maligning at his good fuccefs, and envying 
 his government, did what he could to supplant him, 
 as it did appear many ways, whereof these two 
 examples are faid to be very true. 
 
 It happened that Sir Peter Carew being on a time 
 at Waterford, and returning home he was to come 
 through a town named Thomaflown, and before he 
 was come to the town, he had efcried a certain com- 
 pany of horfemen, lying at the further end of the 
 town, not far from the way through which he had to 
 pafs. Whereupon he commanded his men to prepare 
 themfelves in a readinefs to withftand the enemies if 
 they fhould affail them, and fo leaving the town, rode 
 in the open fields. Sir Edmund Butler, perceiving 
 
1 568. J Another Con/piracy a gainji Sir Peter. 89 
 
 the bent of Sir Peter Carew and of his men, departed 
 away, and got him to the wood fide, not far from 
 thence, and fo Sir Peter pafsed by without any further 
 offer made. 
 
 At one other time Sir Peter Carew being at 
 Dublin, and having ftayed there about ten or twelve 
 days, he fendeth. one of his men a day before him to 
 Leighlin to advertife of his coming. In the mean 
 while. Sir Edmund Butler had a conference with 
 certain Englifhmen, and they, not brooking Sir Peter 
 Carew, because he fought that general reformation, as 
 which if it might take effect a great part of their 
 gain would be cut off, did confpire with Sir Edmund 
 againft Sir Peter. And being advertifed what day 
 and time Sir Peter was appointed to return from 
 Dublin, did lay themfelves in an ambufh by the way 
 where he fhould pafs, to entrap him, and minded 
 verily, if he did come, to make an end of him. Sir 
 Peter little knew hereof, and yet, neverthelefs, being 
 ftayed at Dublin upon other occafions, he came not 
 out of Dublin the day which he appointed, where- 
 upon they, miflrufling that either he fhould be 
 advertifed of this conspiracy, or diflrufting their own 
 fhadows, returned home and gave up that attempt. 
 And it was not long after, falling at debate and 
 variance among themfelves, fome of them disclofed 
 and advertifed the matter unto Sir Peter, when, 
 he challenged them very deeply, and proved the 
 matter before them ; yet, in the end, as well as for the 
 compounding of the variance grown by this difcovery. 
 
90 Commencement of the Butler s Wars. [1569. 
 
 and partly moved by the fliame which fome of them 
 had conceived of themfelves, he was more ready to 
 to forgive than hafty to take revenge, and Jurely Jome 
 of them fo bethought themfelves of their follies they 
 never after were, or would be, offenfive unto him} 
 
 Not long after this enfu^d the rebellion named 
 the Butler's wars, the chief and principal guide 
 whereof was Sir Edmund Butler, third fon of James, 
 Earl of Ormond, who little accounting that he was an 
 Ireland man and defcended of an honourable parent- 
 age, was entered into fuch a folly, or rather a phrenfy, 
 that he became not only a meer Irifliman, but alfo an 
 Irifh kerne, in apparel, behaviour, and all other 
 favage manners of Irifhry ; and being altogether 
 carried and led by them, he ranged and fpoiled the 
 whole countries with fword, fire, and, all hoftility.^ 
 His coloured excufe, and falfe pretence, was becaufe 
 Sir Peter Carew did make claim to fome part of his 
 land, which albeit it had been fo yet no sufficient 
 caufe of rebellion ; but true it is, a general confpiracy 
 was made^ and had been working a long time, to 
 have prevented and withftanded the general reforma- 
 
 ' This passage is not in the original MS., but is printed by Sir 
 Thomas Phillipps from his copy. 
 
 ^ Captain Malbie writing to Sir William Cecil, on the 21st of June, 
 1569, informs him that " Sir Edmund Butler hath gathered a great 
 company, and with fire and sword spoileth Odrone and adjoining 
 lands. He hath taken one Robert Manaring, an English gentleman, 
 and leadeth him up and down in a haulter." " The Lord Baiting- 
 glass, his father-in-law, was sent unto him by the Lord Deputy, to 
 come to him, which he hath vtterly refused to do, bydding him to 
 avoid with spede." 
 
1569.] Commencement of the Butlers' Wars. 91 
 
 tion which was suppofed ftiould have been eftablifhed 
 throughout the whole land, for the fuppreffing and 
 reforming of the loofe, barbarous, and moft wicked 
 life of that favage nation, which rather than they 
 would yield unto, they would, with the Lacedemo- 
 nians ftrike out one of Lycurgus' eyes, and put 
 the Queen's Majefty's crown and dignity in peril. 
 Neverthelefs, the matter being attempted, they pro- 
 ceed therein, which had the worft fuccefs becaufe the 
 ferpent of this divifion had hatched her eggs of this 
 treafon out of feafon, and before her time, for as it 
 fell out, the confedera,tes of the rebellion kept not 
 tooche. 
 
 The wars being thus begun, and the Lord Deputy 
 thereof advertifed, he ufed all the good means and 
 ways he might to difluade, and to revoke, Sir 
 Edmund Butler from this wicked attempt. But 
 when neither courtefy, letters, nor friendly perfuafions 
 could prevail, then, by open proclamation, he 
 denounced both him and all his aflbciates to be 
 traitors, unlefs by a day they did come in and yield 
 themfelves ; and when this, notwithftanding, they did 
 perfift in this hoftility, then the Lord Deputy, 
 meaning with force to fubdue them, prepareth for an 
 hofting, and in the meantime fendeth three or four 
 enfigns of foldiers unto Sir Peter Carew, being then 
 at Leighlin, under the condudt of Humphrey Gilbert,^ 
 
 ' Humphrey, Snd son of Otho Gilbert of Qreenway, in the county 
 of Devon, Esq., by Katharine, daughter of Sir Philip Champernoun, 
 of Modbury,in the same county. Knight, who, after the death of Gilbert 
 
 P 
 
92 Sir Peter appointed General. [1569. 
 
 Efquire, Nicholas Malby/ Efquire, (both which are 
 fithens dubbed knights) and Captain Baflenet with 
 others ; who, being all come to Leighlin, Sir Peter 
 being appointed the general, did, with their confent, 
 fend one unto Cloghegrennan Caftle, which is about 
 three miles from thence, to fummon the fame ; but 
 Sir Edmund being thence departed, and leaving it 
 well fortified, gave them in commandment that they 
 fhould not, in anywife, yield the fame to any man : 
 and they, accordingly, having given that anfwer to 
 the mefTage, he returned therewith to the caftle of 
 Leighlin, whereupon it was agreed that they fhould 
 all march thither to lay fiege thereunto : where Sir 
 Peter ufed thefe two policies. The one was this : — 
 the caftle of Cloghegrennan was fquare, and but little, 
 as are the manner of the caftles in that land, and all 
 fuch lights and windows as were therein, they were 
 ftopped, only in every quarter certain small loops 
 
 married Walter Raleigh, of Fardel, Esq., and, by him was mother of 
 the famous Sir Walter Raleigh. Humphrey Gilbert was born about 
 the year 1539 ; he was equally distinguished by his great abilities, and 
 heroic courage. Having served with great bravery in Ireland, under 
 Sir Peter Carew, he received the honour of knighthood from Sir Henry 
 Sydney, at Drogheda, on 1st January, 1569 — 70. He was, moreover, 
 one of those daring adventurers to whom we are indebted for con- 
 siderable improvements in navigation. Having discovered New- 
 foundland, he took possession of it in the Queen's name, and planted 
 a colony there, which, however, proved a failure. In 1583, he made 
 another voyage to that country, and on his return perished at sea. 
 
 ' Nicholas Malby, Governor of Locale, and Chief Commissioner in 
 Connaught, knighted by Sir Henry Sydney, at Athlone, in 1578. He 
 had the castle and lordship of Roscommon, in Connaught, and 200Z. 
 a year rent in O'Parrel's country, given him by Queen Elizabeth for 
 his services in Ireland. He married a lady of the name of Lambe. 
 
1569.] Cloghegren n an Cajile taken 9 3 
 
 were left for them to flioot out with their " caly veres," 
 which Sir Peter perceiving, did fo place his caly veres 
 that many of his men were appointed to watch, a few 
 of them to every one of thofe loops, and by that 
 means they fo dogged at thofe loops, that fundry of 
 them within were flain, and none left who would, or 
 durft, to peep and adventure any more fliooting out. 
 Then he caufed fundry men with hurdles upon thdr 
 backs to draw near to the walls where they began to 
 undermine the caftle, which they within perceiving 
 defired they might come out and talk with the 
 general, which being granted, he came forth ; but, 
 concluding no matter, as he was going into the caftle 
 door, and having made faft the inner door, would 
 have drawn the chain of the ovitward door which, as 
 the manner of that country is, was all of iron ; but 
 one Baker, a foldier, did fo near and ftiort follow 
 him, that before that he could draw the outer door, 
 he had hurled a great block between the two doors, 
 and fo they could not be clofed, and by that means 
 they made entry into the caftle and recovered it, the 
 fpoil whereof was given unto the foldiers, and the 
 cuftody committed unto Sir Peter, with the territory 
 to the fame appertaining, to the ufe of the queen. 
 
 After this, they having intelligence that Sir 
 Edmund was in the county of Kilkenny, and at, or 
 not far from, the town of Kilkenny, they marched 
 unto that town; which town being the Earl of 
 Ormond's the people were all afFedted and bent to 
 the Butlers, and did lean towards them as much as 
 
 p 2 
 
94 The Rebels Defeated. [1569- 
 
 they might : but, notwithftanding, becaufe thefe 
 gentlemen came in the behalf of the queen, and for 
 the fuppreffing of fuch as were both rebels and pro- 
 claimed traitors, they were admitted and received into 
 the town and there lodged. During their being there 
 they were advertifed by their fcouts and efpials, that 
 all, or the moft part of the gallowglafles of Sir 
 Edmund Butler lay in a certain place about two or 
 three miles from out of Kilkenny : whereupon Sir 
 Peter, afTembling all his captains and company, con- 
 cluded to ifTue out and to give the onfet upon them, 
 and becaufe they would not be efcried, they, by order, 
 left all their horfeboys behind them, and being come 
 within the view and fight of them, he then Jet each 
 man in his place and array, and gave the onfet upon 
 them} Henry Davells being one of the firft that gave 
 the entry, and every one of the gentlemen minding to 
 fliow their goodwill in that fervice, did very valiantly 
 acquit themfelves, and gave an utter overthrow to the 
 enemy, being in number about two hundred, few or 
 none of them being efcaped unkilled. Sir Peter himfelf 
 had with him a cafe of excellent " Jnaphanujes," and, 
 at the firft entry, difcharging the one of them, hurled 
 the fame unto another, and overthrew him, the like 
 as he did with the other, of the which he afterwards 
 had one again, and then drawing his fword, did ftiew 
 that valiantnefs as every one did give him the com- 
 mendation both for his experience and wifdom in 
 
 ' From Sir Thomas Phillips's Copy. 
 
1 569. J Sir Peter's life again attempted. 95 
 
 direfting, and his valiantnefs in ferving. When the 
 fight was ended and the enemies overthrown, every 
 man took a gallowglafs axe of theirs who were flain, 
 and carried with them into the town in fign of 
 victory. 
 
 This overthrow was not fo joyful to the conque- 
 rors, but much more grievous and doleful unto Sir 
 Edmund Butler, and to his adherents ; for in thefe 
 did confift his chiefeft hope and force, neverthelefs, fo 
 far was the humour of rebellion entered into him, 
 that he was rather hardened than broken to continue 
 in his folly. Whereupon the Lord Deputy followed 
 his hofting, and journied throughout the whole 
 country and province of Leinfter, Sir Edmund 
 Butler being many times within a mile or two of 
 him, and making many braggs; but in the end he 
 was driven to give over and to crave mifericor- 
 diam. 
 
 Sir Peter Carew, whilft he was In Kilkenny, was 
 in great peril to have been murdered by a fervant of 
 the Earl of Ormond, who, perceiving that Sir Peter 
 did commonly walk every day in the earl's garden 
 next adjoining to the caftle, provided a calyver, and, 
 being charged, he watched In a window In the houfe 
 for Sir Peter's coming ; and having efpled him ftand- 
 ing In the alley, would have difcharged his piece, but 
 it would not take fire. The next day he did try the 
 like again, and llkewlfe the powder would not take 
 fire. And being not yet fatisfied, he would have 
 done the fame again the third time, and then It 
 
96 His Efcape. [^S^9 
 
 happened the Dean of Cafhall/ who was chaplain 
 and fteward to the earl, was prefent, and perceiving 
 that he was levelling his piece to have difcharged the 
 fame upon Sir Peter, was offended therewith, and 
 ftruck the piece afide, and therewith the match gave 
 fire and the piece difcharged. Sir Peter, under- 
 ftanding of this treachery, moft heartily thanked 
 God for this delivery ; and albeit this wrong touched 
 him very near, yet he more readily forgave the enemy 
 than was hafty to revenge the injury. And then 
 by God's providence, he was miraculoufly preferved. 
 
 After this fervice ended. Sir Peter returneth to 
 his houfe at Leighlin, whofe name and fame for his 
 nobility, in every respedV, was fo fpread that the 
 gentlemen who dwelled in Munfter, and who did hold 
 their lands of his anceftors, did fend their feveral 
 letters unto him, written both in Irifh and Englifh, 
 as namely, the Lord Covircye,^ the Lord Barry Oge,^ 
 the Mahones, the Macke Swynes, the Odryfcoles, 
 and the Odayles, with others, requefting that he 
 would come to the City of Cork, and there they 
 would refort and come unto him, and yield them- 
 felves and become his tenants for all fuch lands as 
 they hold, and whereof he was their lawful and right- 
 ful lord, and would alfo give unto him thofe rents 
 and fervices as their predeceflbrs did, and were wont 
 to pay and yield to his anceftors. 
 
 Sir Peter Carew having perufed thefe letters, and 
 
 ' William Stapletoii, Dean of Cashall, 1559. 
 
 'See note 1, p. 101. ' See note 2, p. 101. 
 
1572.] He returns to England. 97 
 
 well confidered of them, did accept their offers ; and 
 becaufe he had not as yet obtained that liberty of her 
 majefty to deal in fo weighty a matter, gave the mef- 
 fengers very good entertainment, and promifes, that, 
 as foon as he might conveniently, he would fatisfy 
 their requefts. 
 
 Not long after this. Sir Peter came over into 
 England, and after a little flay made at Mohun's 
 Ottery, he repaired to the court, minding to be a 
 fuitor for leave to profecute his fuit for the recovery 
 of his lands and title in Munfter; but prefenting 
 himfelf before her highnefs, found not her coun- 
 tenance favourable unto him, for that she, upon 
 advertifement made unto her, did conceive, and also 
 charge him, that he fhould be the cause and occafion 
 of the Butler's wars and rebellion, and therefore he 
 durft not to enter into his fuit until Ihe were per- 
 fuaded and refolved of the truth, which thing in 
 time he compafled, and then he made his fuit, and 
 which, at length, in fome fort, he obtained, and had 
 her letters, and the council's letters, unto Sir William 
 Fitzwilliam, then Lord Deputy, and to the council 
 there to this effed ; that they fhould confider of his 
 title, and upon the appearance of the fame in juftice, 
 they fhould deal with the parties who hold the faid 
 land, and by perfuafions to come to fome compofi- 
 tions, fo as all trial of law might be avoided ; which 
 thing, if they could not fo bring to pafs, that then they 
 fhould forbear until her further pleafure known. 
 
 Thefe letters were forthwith commended to the 
 
98 Hooker again vijits Ireland. \}S1'^- 
 
 writer hereof, and he put in truft to follow the fuit 
 therein. But at his coming over the wars or rebel- 
 lion of James Fitzmorrls' in Munfter, were but then 
 ended, and the country there not fully fettled ; by 
 reafon whereof the Lord Deputy and Council, fol- 
 lowing the advice of Sir John Perrot,^ then Lord 
 Prefident of Munfter, confidering the matter to be 
 
 1 James Fitzmaurice, the brother of Gerald, the 16th Earl of 
 Desmond. He had been engaged in the rebellion of the Butlers, 
 upon the suppression of which he was, for some time, in prison; but 
 ultimately, together with them, in 1573, pardoned. Fitzmaurice, 
 however, retired to the continent, and having endeavoured, without 
 effect, to obtain assistance from the King of France, he proceeded to 
 Spain with a similar object. Philip sent him to Pope Gregory XIII., 
 who was readily persuaded to adopt his cause. Encouraged by the 
 Pope's favour and benediction, he returned to Spain, where he 
 obtained a small band of soldiers, embarked for Ireland, and landed at 
 Smerwick in July, 1579. He was soon afterwards killed in a petty 
 skirmish, but not before he had raised that rebellion which proved 
 the destruction of the powei'ful house of Desmond. 
 
 ' Sir John Perrot, son of Sir Thomas Perrot, Knight, of Harold- 
 stone in the county of Pembroke, a Gentleman of the Bedchamber to 
 King Henry VIII., by Mary, daughter of James Berkeley, Esquire, 
 whom Nauuton describes " as a lady of great honour of the king's 
 familiarity," and, speaking of Sir John Perrot, he adds, " that if we 
 go a little further and compare his picture, his qualities, gestures, 
 and voice with that of the king, which memory yet retains amongst 
 us, they will plead strongly that he was a subreptitious child of the 
 blood royal." Though a man of strong and violent passions, which 
 he scarcely attempted to restrain, he was a brave and noble knight, 
 and rendered distinguished services in Ireland and elsewhere. He 
 was Lord President of Munster from 1571 to 1573, and Lord Deputy 
 of Ireland from 1584 to 1588. Having been thwarted by the 
 vacillation of the court in some of his designs for the conquest of 
 Ulster, he indulged in some impetuous language reflecting upon the 
 Queen's courage. This being reported, with exaggeration, by his 
 enemies, he was brought to trial for treason and condemned to death. 
 Such was his ungovernable rage at this unjust decision, that he 
 died in the Tower before the sentence was carried into effect. 
 
I 57 3 •] Expedition of the Earl of EJJex. 99 
 
 weighty and of great importance, and which touched 
 the moft part of the noblemen and gentlemen in that 
 province of their livelihoods and pofleffions, thought 
 it not good, in anywife, to deal or intermeddle there- 
 with, and to that efFedt did return their letters of 
 anfwer to her highnefs and council ; and fo this fuit 
 took fmall eiFe6t. 
 
 The year then next following, the Earl of Eflex* 
 having a gift of her highnefs of the province of 
 Ulfter, and a commiffion for the recovery thereof, 
 went over into Ireland with a great retinue, and Sir 
 
 ' Walter Devereux succeeded his grandfather as Viscount Here- 
 ford and Lord Ferrers of Chartley in 1559. In the year 1569 he 
 greatly distinguished himself in suppressing the rebellion of the 
 Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland. For this service he 
 was honoured with the garter in 1572, and the same year was 
 created earl of Essex, being descended by his great grandmother 
 from the noble family of Bouchier, which long bore that title. At 
 this time the troubles in the North of Ireland had risen to a great 
 height, and the Earl of Essex requested permission to undertake an 
 expedition for its settlement. This, being favoured by those who 
 were jealous of his influence with the Queen, he obtained. Having 
 made a bargain with the Queen that in consideration of his paying 
 a moiety of the expense, he should receive an extensive grant of 
 land in that country, he collected an army, and with a large retinue 
 embarked on the 16th August, 1573. The expedition proved most 
 ruinous. Having borrowed from the Queen, upon the security of 
 his estates, large sums of money, on most usurious terms, which 
 were rigorously enforced against him, he suffered great loss, and 
 through the machinations of his enemies his labours in Ireland were 
 not very successful. In the spring of 1575 he returned .to England 
 and was created Earl Marshal of Ireland ; but he found his situa- 
 tion so little improved, that he embarked again for that country 
 shortly afterwards, and died at Dublin, 22ud September, 1676. He 
 married Letitia, daughter of Sir Francis KnoUes, by whom he left 
 two sons, Robert and Walter, the former of whom succeeded him 
 and became the celebrated favourite of Queen Elizabeth. 
 
loo Sir Peter returns to Leighlin, [157 3 
 
 Peter Carew, being one of his conforts, pafTed over 
 with him ; where, when he had remained awhile and 
 confidered the continual troubles, the daily encounter- 
 ings with the enemies, the exceflive expenfes, and the 
 doubtful events, and for a foil of land though fertile 
 of itself, yet a favage, wild, and defolate country, 
 and environed with deadly enemies ; did think then 
 of his own eftate, and how more neceflary it were for 
 him to purchafe the pofleflions of his own lawful 
 inheritance, being in the occupation of fuch gentle- 
 men as who, of their own free wills, were contented 
 to yield the fame into his hands, and to become his 
 vafTals and tenants. Whereupon, as foon as occafion 
 ferved, he took his journey towards Leighlin, and 
 from thence he fent his letters of earneft requeft into 
 England to the writer hereof, as alfo to the lady his 
 wife, and to other his friends, for the perfuading of 
 him to come and pafs over into Munfter, and there 
 to travail ■ with the gentlemen, his tenants, for the 
 concluding of his title and right among them ; who, 
 accordingly, yielded to the fame, took his ibipping at 
 Exmouth for Cork ; but through foul and ftormy 
 weather, the fhip was driven into the town of Wex- 
 ford, which is about fifteen miles from Leighlin, 
 where he landed, leaving the fhip which not long 
 after, with foul weather, was cafl away, both men and 
 goods ; and then made his repair unto Leighlin, 
 where, after he had conferred with Sir Peter Carew, 
 he, the faid Sir Peter, gave over his houfe with the 
 whole entertainment of the garrifon and charge of the 
 
I574-J and proceeds to Waterford, loi 
 
 country unto his kinfman Peter Carew, and provided 
 a houfe at the town of RofTe, where he determined to 
 remain and lie until he did hear from this his agent 
 of his fuccefs in Munfter. 
 
 Immediately upon this conclufion, the said Sir 
 Peter and his men rode to Waterford, and there taking 
 leave of Sir Peter, took his journey towards Cork, 
 where, at his coming, it happened the commiffioners 
 of that province then kept feflions, and by that means 
 moft part of the gentlemen of that country were 
 there. And then this agent, having fo good a time 
 and opportunity offered, conferred with them all, who, 
 being perfuaded that Sir Peter Carew was deter- 
 mined and minded to come thither and there to dwell 
 among them, if they would yield unto him his right, 
 feemed to be very glad and joyful thereof, and forth- 
 with they all— namely, the Lord Courcye,i the Lord 
 Barry Oge,^ Mac Artye rioght,^ the Mac Swynes, the 
 O'Mahones, the O'Dalyes, the O'Drifcoles, and 
 
 ' Gerald Lord Courcy, seventeenth Baron Kinsale, son of John, six- 
 teenth Barou, by Sarah, daughter of Donogh McCarthy, of Dowallagh, 
 succeeded his father, 1535, commanded an Irish regiment at the siege 
 of Boulogne, and being instrumental in reducing that place, was 
 knighted by Henry VIII. in the field under the royal standard. In 
 1569 he accompanied the Lord Deputy in his Munster expedition, 
 and died at a very advanced age in 1599, leaving issue one daughter. 
 His lordship was succeeded by his second cousin, John de Courcy, 
 grandson of Edward, his father's brother. 
 
 ^ David Barry, second son of the Viscount Barrymore. He was 
 always conspicuous for his loyalty to the English Government. 
 
 ' Sir Donough M'Carthy, of the sept of Carbery. Joined James 
 Fitzmaurice and the Earl of Clancar in their rebellion in 1569. 
 Died 1576. 
 
I02 Munjier claims admitted. [i574- 
 
 fundry others, did conclude with this agent in this 
 manner : firft, that they would fubmit themfelves, 
 and their lands, wholly, unto Sir Peter's devotion, 
 and take the fame, at his hands, for fuch reafonable 
 rents as he fhould aflefs upon them. And for that 
 which was paft they would, in recompenfe thereof, 
 give him three thoufand kine, or cows, which they 
 accounted to be about one year's rent of fo much 
 land as they did hold; over and befides the ter- 
 ritories which Mac Arty More,^ the Earl of 
 Defmond,^ the Lord Fitzmorris,^ the Senechall of 
 
 1 Sir Donald M'Carthy, or Mac Carthy More, surrendered his 
 estates to the Queen, and received them back again, with the title 
 of Earl of Clancare, county Cork, by patent, dated at Westminster, 
 24th June, 1565. There is a letter from him in the State Paper 
 OflSce, dated 27th June, 1565, relative to his request upon his re- 
 turning to Ireland, in which he signs himself " Clancare," probably 
 for the first time. 
 
 ^ Gerald, sixteenth Earl, entering into rebellion, waged war for 
 nearly ten years against the whole power of the English Government, 
 and eventually was slain in attempting to seize upon a prey of cattle. 
 His head was sent by the Earl of Ormond to the Queen, who caused 
 it to be fixed upon London Bridge. An attainder followed, 25th 
 September, 1682. He married twice, but had issue only by his 
 second wife, Eleanor, daughter of Edward Lord Duuboyne. 
 
 ' Upon the death of Thomas, 13th Lord Pitzmaurice, Baron of 
 Kerry, in 1649, the title devolved upon his brother Edward, who, 
 dying within a month, was succeeded by Gerald, third sou of the 
 tenth lord, who was very soon afterwards killed in Desmond. His 
 brother and successor Thomas, the sixteenth lord, was born in 1502, 
 and at the time the honour accrued to him was, and had been for 
 many years, at Milan, where he held a command in the army of the 
 Emperor Charles V. Whereupon the title was usurped by General 
 Fitzmaurice, the next heir-male apparent, who entered upon Lixnaw 
 and held it about a year, when Joan Hannan, who had been nurse or 
 foster-mother to the Loid Thomas, being then very old, accom- 
 panied by her daughter, went in search of him. Taking shipping at 
 
1 574- J Munjler claims admitted. 103 
 
 Inokelly,^ the Lord Barrye of BarryemorCj^ Sir 
 Cormac Mac Tegge/ and others did hold, which far 
 exceeded the reft; and thefe three thoufand cows, 
 after a mark the piece, amounteth to the value of 
 
 Dingle, she landed in France, proceeded to Milan, and having made 
 him acquainted with her errand, died on her way home. On receiv- 
 ing this intelligence, he returned to Ireland to take possession of 
 his title and estate, which, after an opposition of two years, were 
 surrendered to hira. In 1567 Sydney found him faithful, and he 
 came in his train to KilmaUock, but when Munster, in 1581, upon 
 the death of Sir John of Desmond, appeared to be in a state of quiet, 
 and the army greatly reduced, he took advantage of the weakness of 
 the English, and, with his sons, entered into rebellion. Having been 
 defeated by the English troops, his friends and followers dispersed, 
 and himself reduced to great distress, through the intervention of 
 the Earl of Ormond he was received to pardon. Soon after his 
 return to Ireland he married Margaret, second daughter of James, 
 fifteenth Earl of Desmond, by whom he left issue four sons and one 
 daughter. He died 1590. 
 
 He was the most handsome man of that age, and of such great 
 strength that within a few months before his death, although then 
 eighty-eight years old, not three men in Kerry could bend his bow. 
 
 ' John Pitz Edmund Fitzgerald pardoned, 1589. Died in prison, 
 1590. 
 
 ^ James Fitz John Barry (More), Lord Barry and Viscount But- 
 tevant, 9th February, 1566, made an entail of his estate to his cousin 
 James Fitz Richard Barry Roe, Lord of Ibawne, and dying 20th 
 March, 1557, was succeeded by him as Lord of Ibawne and Vis- 
 count Buttevant. He had a special livery, 27th April, 1561, by the 
 title of James Barry, Viscount Barrymore. He married Ellen, 
 daughter of Cormac (na hony) Mac Carthy Eeagh, and died 10th 
 April, 1581, leaving issue five sons and four daughters. 
 
 ^Sir Cormac Mac 'Jegge was brother to Sir Dermot, Lord of 
 Muskerry. He was always faithful to the English Crown, and in 
 1568 came to Sir Warham St. Leger, and revealed the practices of 
 Clancarty, James Fitzinorris, and M'Donough with the King of Spain. 
 He was knighted by Sir William Fitzwilliam, 1572, and was ap- 
 pointed a Commissioner of Martial Causes 27th December, 1579. 
 In the following year, 1580, being Sheriff of Cork, he defeated and 
 took prisoner James of Desmond. 
 
I04 Munjier claims admitted. [i574- 
 
 three thoufand marks, and this to be paid unto him 
 within three months after his coming and dwelling 
 among them, which this his agent faid fhould be out 
 of hand, and alfo that they, from time to time, to 
 furnifh him with all kind of viduals meet for his 
 houfe, for his reafonable money. 
 
 When this agreement was thus concluded, and 
 that it was noifed throughout the city of Cork that 
 Sir Peter Carew would come and dwell in the country 
 among them, the Earl of Defmond,^ the Lord Barry 
 of Barymore,^ the Lord Roche,^ Sir Cormac Mac 
 Tegge, with fundry other gentlemen, who were then 
 in the city, had great conference with this agent, and 
 pretended great joy, and much gladnefs, that Sir 
 Peter Carew would come to dwell among them, and 
 that they fhould have the neighbourhood of fo good 
 and a noble gentleman ; promifing that they would 
 meet him by the way at his coming thitherwards, and 
 bid him welcome to the country ; and the earl, 
 extolling him very much, wrote his letters unto him 
 to that efFedt, requefting that they might join in 
 friendfhip and live together as good friends, whereof 
 he would be very glad. 
 
 Immediately this agent difpatcheth away a mes- 
 
 ' See Note 2, p. 102. 
 
 2 See Note 2, p. 103. 
 
 ^ David Roche, son of Maurice Roche, Lord Roche and Viscount 
 Fermoy, by Grania McCarthy. He succeeded his father in 1566, in 
 which year he received the honour of Knighthood from Sir Henry 
 Sidney. He married Helena, daughter of James Butler, Baron of 
 Dunboyne, and was succeeded by his son Maurice. 
 
iryr.l Sir Feter" s illness. 105 
 
 fenger unto Sir Peter Carew with his letters adver ■ 
 tifing him of the fuccefs in his caufes, whereof he 
 rejoiced very much, and freighted forthwith a bark 
 of one Andrew Pyperdos, for the tranfporting of his 
 houfehold fluff into Munfter, and returned the 
 meffenger to advertife the fame. 
 
 This agent in the meantime, according to the 
 inftrudions given unto him by Sir Peter Carew, by 
 the advice of Sir Henry Davells,i provided one houfe 
 in Cork, and'then went from thence to Kinfale, which 
 is ten Irifh miles beyond Cork, and there provideth 
 one other, being newly builded after the Englifh 
 manner by one William Gait, then fovereign^ of that 
 town, and having compounded with him for the fame, 
 he buyethfugar, and fpices of a merchant of Briftol, and 
 " fecke"^ of a merchant of Exeter, which were then in 
 the haven of Cork. And by the help of the gentle- 
 men of the country, according to their promifes, he 
 was at a point for beeves, muttons, porks, wheat, 
 malt, wood, and all other neceffaries for the houfe ; 
 and fo there he ftaied in the town, awaiting daily for 
 the coming of the faid Sir Peter. 
 
 But God, who is the difpofer and worker of all 
 things, it was his pleafure to appoint him to another 
 journey, for when all things were in a readinefs to be 
 fhipped, and he alfo appointed to take his journey, he 
 fell fick of an impoftumation in the bladder, which 
 
 1 Vide Note, p. 75. 
 
 ^ The designation of the chief Magistrate. 
 
 ■* " Sack." 
 
io6 His Death. i^?>7S- 
 
 was fuppofed to have grown upon him for want of 
 that ordinary purgation which nature defireth. And 
 this fo increafed upon him that he was fo extreme fick 
 that he lay for dead, and then, of neceflity, an incifion 
 was made upon him, and he by that means was fome- 
 what eafed, and yet, perceiving that he could not 
 endure, nor continue, did fet his things in order, and 
 caufed a codicil to be made, and to be annexed to 
 his will. 
 
 \n his ficknefs he fhewed himfelf what he was, 
 for although the agonies thereof were very fliarp, 
 and the pains very extreme, yet moft conftantly 
 did abide it, and moft patiently did accept it, yielding 
 himfelf wholly to the good will and pleafure of 
 the everlafting God, before whom he poured out 
 continually his prayers, and in praying, did gafp out 
 his laft breath, and yield up his fpirit. He was 
 very defirous to have fpoken with the writer hereof, 
 and whom he willed to be fent for, but whether it 
 were for neglefting to fend one for him in time, or 
 for the flacknefs of the meflenger when he was fent 
 that he came not fpeedily, he came too late. Sir Peter 
 being dead about two days before his coming, for 
 want of which being with him, he discovered not 
 thofe fecrets which he was minded to have put him 
 in truft withal!, as did appear by his often calling 
 and inquiring for him. 
 
 This writer, being then come to a forrowful 
 houfe, and a mournful company, as he was the end of 
 a worthy and a noble gentlemen, fo alfo he faw the 
 
1 575 -J His Burial. 107 
 
 like of his long travails. And now there refted 
 nothing elfe for him but to yield thofe offices and 
 duties, to fee his dear friend, and an honourable 
 gentleman, to be honourably interred and hurried ; 
 wherefore, his body being embowelled and thoroughly 
 feared, he was then chefted, and fo remained and 
 kept in the houfe where he died from the 27 th 
 of November 1575, on which day he died, until 
 the 1 5th of December then following ; on which 
 day he was, by water, carried from Rofs unto the city 
 of Waterford, and there buried in all fuch honourable 
 order as to fo honourable a perfonage did appertain ; 
 the Lord Deputy and council of the realm, with all 
 his gentlemen and foldiers attending now upon him, 
 and the mayor of the city, with all his brethren, and an 
 infinite number of people, being prefent thereat. The 
 manner and folemnity whereof was as foUoweth : fore- 
 moft went all the foldiers ; namely, the caly vers and 
 the pikemen by two and two, the mouths of their 
 pieces, and the Iharp ends of their pikes, downwards ; 
 then the trumpeter, clothed in black, founding the 
 dead found. After him one raifed his banner, and 
 then his men went by two and two, all in black. 
 Then followed two carrying his pennon and his 
 ftandard, and after them went four gentlemen who 
 carried his whole atchievement ; the firfh of his helm 
 and creft, the fecond his target, the third his fword, 
 and the laft his coat of arms. After them was carried 
 the corpfe by four of his men, in black, garnifhed 
 with fcutcheons of his arms, and next to the fame 
 
 Q. 
 
io8 His Burial. \^S7S 
 
 followed, the mourners, and then the Lord Deputy, 
 with the fword before him, and the council, and the 
 mayor and his brethren, and the. refidue of the 
 company. 
 
 As foon as <he corpfe was brought into the 
 church it was placed in the middle next before the 
 pulpit, and all the aforesaid enfigns placed round 
 about the fame, during the time of the fermon. 
 After the fame ended the corpfe was carried, in the 
 like order, to the grave, which was in the fouth fide 
 of the chancel, next to the altar, and then all his 
 atchievement orderly offered up to the Dean of the 
 Church, who then buried the corpfe. As foon as the 
 earth began to be caft in, all the trumpeters, being fix 
 in number, founded the whole time of his burial, 
 being almoft the fpace of a quarter of an hour ; then, 
 as they had ended, the drums ftruck up, and there- 
 with all the foldiers difcharged their pieces four or 
 five times together, wherewith the church was fo full 
 of fmoke that one could fcarce difcern another. 
 Laftly, a number of chambers which were in the 
 churchyard, and all the great ordnance in the town, 
 and in the fliips in the river at the quay, were 
 alfo difcharged. All thefe things being performed 
 they returned all to the houfe from which they 
 brought the corpfe in the like order as before they 
 went. 
 
 The next day his herfe was fet up, being made 
 after the form of a field-bed, covered with black, and 
 with lift and rail garniihed with fcutcheons, and with 
 
^575-1 • ^^^ Burial. 109 
 
 yellow " pynyons/ " full of black lions. And laftly , 
 his whole atchievement with his ftandard, pynyon, and 
 banner, were fet up and hanged over his herfe, there 
 to continue as a memorial of a moft worthy and noble 
 gentleman, who left behind him many teftimonies of 
 his fincerity in religion, of his truth to his prince, 
 faith to his country, uprlghtnefs in converfation, and 
 juft dealings with each man, and which are worthy 
 to be regiftered in the book of fame : for, as Sir 
 Henry Sidney, the Lord Deputy, when he faw his 
 corpfe put into the grave, faid, " Here lieth now, in 
 his lafl; reft, a moft worthy, and noble, gentle, knight, 
 whofe faith to his prince was never yet ftained, his 
 truth to his country never fpotted, and his valiant- 
 nefs in fervice never doubted, — a better fubjed: the 
 prince never had." 
 
 Thus, after my ftmple manner, and according to 
 fuch inftrudtions as have been delivered unto me, I 
 have difcovered and fet forth the courfe of the life of 
 this gentleman. Now it refteth that I do declare, 
 and fet down, his nature, conditions, and difpofition ; 
 wherein if I fhould write and fet down as much as 
 was in him, fome, perhaps, would judge me to fpeak 
 more of afFedtion than of truth. And yet this much 
 I durft boldly to affirm, that if the planets have any 
 Influence in the genefis and courfe of man's life, as 
 the genethliaci do feem to affirm, then, certainly, it 
 fhould feem that they did all confent, and agree, to 
 
 ' Pennons. 
 0.2 
 
110 His P erf on. . [.^S7S- 
 
 pour out of every of their influences to the benefit 
 of this gentleman ; for he was mofl; plentifully- 
 endowed with the gifts which nature yieldeth con- 
 cerning the body, and adorned plentifully with fuch 
 virtues of the mind as do appertain and are incident 
 unto a gentleman ; without which virtues there can 
 be no nobility, nor any be a gentleman. For, albeit, 
 he was defcended of a noble parentage, as well of his 
 father's fide as of his mothers, the one being of the 
 ancient line of the Barons of Carew, and the other of 
 the noble houfe of the Courteneys, which is a great 
 ornament, and the firfl: degree of nobility ; yet, when 
 virtue, the fubfiftence and ground of nobility faileth, 
 the nobility alfo itfelf decayeth. 
 
 Concerning his body : he was of a mean^ fl;ature, 
 but very well compacft, and fomewhat broad, big 
 boned, and ftrongly finewed, his face of a very good 
 countenance, his complexion fwarte or cholyryke,^ his 
 hair black, and his beard thick and great. He was of 
 good ftrength and agility, being fkilful and apt to all 
 exercifes as do belong and appertain unto a gentle- 
 man. And as he wanted not thefe proportions which 
 nature commonly giveth to the body, fo was he 
 adorned with the virtues of the mind which are mofl- 
 incident to a gentleman, and without which no gentle- 
 man is to be accounted of, or to be reputed, for a 
 gentleman. And of thefe virtues, becaufe he had 
 divers and fundry, I will reduce them all into four 
 
 ' Middle. 2 Swarthy,— full blooded,— sanguine. 
 
1 575-] His char aSier — 'Jujlice. ill 
 
 principal virtues, namelyj to juftice, fortitude, pru- 
 dence, and temperance. 
 
 Concerning Juftice, which is the mother of all 
 virtues, and the director of all man's good actions, 
 whether you mean of juftice towards God, or towards 
 man, he was zealous in the one, and careful in the 
 other. An earneft promoter of God's true religion, 
 and a patron to all godly preachers, in defence of 
 whom he did oftentimes ftiew himfelf both ftout and 
 hardy ; for in the end of King Henry the Vlllth's 
 reign, and in the time of King Edward the Vlth, 
 when the Gofpel began to have his entry, one Mr. 
 Symon Hayne, who was the Dean of Exeter,^ was 
 much maligned and envied at for his fincere and true 
 preaching of the Gofpel, and, by his adverfaries, 
 fundry times, accufed and impeached for the fame ; 
 but fo friendly and firmly did this knight aid and 
 affift him, that little could their malice prevail againft 
 him. After him Mr. Alleighe^ (who was after 
 Biftiop), being an earneft preacher and much in- 
 veighing againft falfe doctrine, was fo defpitefully 
 dealt withal in the Church, that he durft not to 
 adventure to come again into the pulpit. This 
 knight, then, afluming upon him to be his aid and 
 help, together with his uncle. Sir Gawen Carew, 
 guarded him, and brought him to the pulpit fundry 
 
 ' Simon Haynes, elected Dean of Exeter, 23rd July, 1537. In 
 1647 lie was one of the committee appointed to compose the Liturgy 
 of the 1st Edward VI. Died 1552. 
 
 ' William Alley, Prebend of St. Paul's, appointed Bishop of Exeter 
 1560. Died 1570. 
 
1 1 2 His charaSier — Jujiice. \}S1S- 
 
 times, and there countenanced and fupported him 
 againft his adverfaries. And although he were not 
 learned in the Scriptures, yet fuch was his earneft, 
 ftrong, and fincere affection to the furtherance of the 
 Gofpel, that he was not only a dear friend to all 
 preachers, a great favourer of all Proteftants, and moft 
 godly affected to all good and godly men ; but did 
 alfo maintain a preacher of his own to inftruft his 
 houfe and family, and alfo to. preach elfewhere in the 
 countries round about him. And this one thing was 
 noted in him, that he would never fit down to make 
 a meal, nor take his refl, but that he would give 
 always thanks unto God, and praife his holy name. 
 And if it be true what St. Auguflin faith : " Seldom 
 dieth that man evil who hath lived well," furely his 
 death did reveal and utter his daily life and con- 
 verfation ; for, being fick, he yielded himfelf wholly 
 to the good will and pleafure of Almighty God ; and 
 perceiving that Lachefis had given over her fpinning, 
 and that his end drew onwards, he did not only fet 
 all his things in order, but, fetting all cares afide, he 
 gave himfelf wholly to prayer, lamenting his fins, 
 and crying for mercy ; and fo in prayer he gafped 
 out his breath, and yielded up his fpirit. And, as 
 towards God he did endeavour to obferve this kind of 
 juflice, fo did he the like to the politic government, 
 and to every particular man ; for he, being a juftice 
 of the peace and of the quorum, and Cuflos Rotu- 
 lorum in his county, dedicated himfelf wholly to 
 fatisfy the credit committed unto him, and therefore. 
 
1575'] His charaSier — Jujiice. 113 
 
 with all uprightnefsj he would and did minifter to 
 every man according to his defert, punifhing the evil, 
 fuccouring the opprefled, and favouring the good; 
 and fo precife was he herein, that no corruption could 
 take hold upon him, nor any afFeftion feduce him ; 
 only he was fometimes abufed by fuch as, under 
 fimplicity and fmooth fpeeches, would bring unto 
 him finifter informations, and he, judging the beft, 
 more haftily credited than tried them ; but when he 
 once had learned the truth, he could not lightly 
 brook them any more, nor fhew them any favour or 
 countenance. And as for his private dealings with 
 private men — forafmuch as the fame confifteth chiefly 
 in beneficence and liberality, there could not any man 
 be more or better affefted herein than he was, and 
 whofe difpofition was fuch vthat a man might fay he 
 was born to be friendly to all men, and liberal to 
 every man ; for his purfe, his apparel, his horfes, or 
 whatfoever he had, it was common to his friends, and 
 ready for every man, and rather would lack himfelf 
 than his friends fhould want ; a continual giver he 
 was, but was never taker, having in mind and in 
 mouth, always the faying of our Lord and Mafl:er, 
 Chrifl, "It is better to give than to take." If a 
 man fhould particularly difcourfe the great gifts and 
 large benefits which he, in his time, had beftowed, 
 they fhould not be fo infinite as ftrange ; only it was 
 to be lamented that he had not refpect to the cau- 
 tions which Cicero gave, that is, " no man fhould give 
 to any man, who fhould thereby be rather the worfe 
 
114 His charaSler — Fortitude — Valour, [i 575 
 
 than better^ and that the liberality fhould be no 
 greater than the ability of the giver ; and, laftly, to 
 give' to each man according to his defert," which 
 confiderations being not obferved, there enfued many 
 inconveniences which blemiihed fo noble a virtue. 
 
 Next unto this virtue of juftice, he was highly com- 
 mended for his Fortitude, as well of the mind as of 
 the body ; for if fortitude be a virtue which fub- 
 dueth the mind from evil lufts, reftraineth her from 
 wrath and malice, and maketh a conqueft over all 
 wickednefs ; and do, alfo, indurat the body to abide 
 all labours, to fuftain all troubles, to fhun no perils, 
 and to outrun death itfelf in good caufes and for the 
 common wealth ; then this worthy knight wanted not 
 his juft commendations herein. For, albeit, he had 
 his imperfedtions, yet was he not known to be wrapped 
 in the diffolute net of Venus, nor embrowed with the 
 cup of Bacchus, he was not carried with the blind 
 covetoufnefs of Plutus, nor yet fubject to malice, 
 envy, or any notorious crime ; but had a mind free 
 from all fuch foul vices and incumbrances. And as 
 concerning the valiantnefs of his body, there was not 
 any man lightly who could excel him therein ; for, 
 whether there were any fervice to be done at fea or 
 at land, at home or abroad, in time of war or peace, 
 he was one and the fame man, always moft ready and 
 forward therein, for no pains could difcourage him, 
 no perils daunt him, no fear quail him, nor enemy 
 appal him ; but with the firft he would be foremoft, 
 as fundry examples are to be alleged hereof, to his 
 
1575'] ^^^ character — Prudence— Wisdom . 115 
 
 great commendation and pralfe. And furely he was 
 no more valiant, but was as prudent, wife, and 
 circumspect, as well in civil caufes as in martial 
 affairs. For, albeit, he were not greatly learned, yet 
 being very perfect in the French tongue, and fkilful 
 in the Italian, he was ftudious in all fuch works as 
 were fet forth in thofe tongues, or in the natural 
 fpeech of his country ; and efpecially in fuch as did 
 concern the government of a commonwealth, or the 
 teaching of martial affairs. If there were any queftion 
 to be proponed, or any argument to be difcourfed, 
 whether it were in geometry or any of the mathe- 
 matics, or in caufes of policies and government, or 
 in the feats of martial affairs ; fliarp was his under- 
 ftanding, pithy were his arguments, and deep was his 
 judgment; for which, he was had the more in ad- 
 miration, becaufe the fame (came) from a mind not 
 given to bragging and foolifh oftentation ; but well 
 affefted, earneftly bent, and moft defirous to learn, 
 that he might underftand, and, in underftanding, to 
 perform in actions the effefts thereof, and which in- 
 deed he did ; for befides his advice and counfel, ready 
 in all matters, fuch was his fkill and experience in 
 martial affairs, that he could pitch a camp, martial a 
 field, fet array, and order the battle, with fuch wif- 
 dom, dexterity, and policy, as fhould be to the beft 
 advantage and fafeguard of the army, and the moft 
 annoyance to the enemy ; befides the flcill he had in 
 directing the government, and knowledge (of) v/hat 
 appertained to a general, what to a captain, what to 
 
ii6 His charaSier — Skill — Temperance. [1575. 
 
 a foldier, and finally to all other things incidental and 
 appertaining to the courfe of wars, either at the feas 
 or at the land, it is apparent, and whereof, in his life- 
 time, he gave and yielded many proofs. 
 
 And as concerning architefture, whether it were 
 for the building of a houfe, moulding of a fhip, de- 
 vifing of a fort, making of a platform, or for doing 
 of any thing whatfoever concerning buildings, his ad- 
 vice was ready and his fkill good ; and wherein he took 
 fuch pleafure, that he did not only bellow great malTes 
 of money therein of his own, as in making of houfes, 
 building of fhips, for eredting of mills, and many 
 other like ; but would alfo edge, procure, and caufe 
 others to do the like. And, albeit, the moft part of 
 men, which are endowed with fo many good qualities 
 and excellent virtues, have commonly fuch faults and 
 follies as which do drown the fame ; yet fuch was the 
 temperance of this knight, and with fuch circumfpec- 
 tion he would order his doings, that he would not 
 attempt any thing but with good advice and difcre- 
 tion, by which it appeared that his reading of the 
 works of Cicero, wherein he had great pleafure, was 
 not altogether fruitlefs unto him, nor without profit ; 
 for, as he faith, " Temperance is the virtue which 
 directeth reafon to make choice of good things and to 
 efchew the evil ; and to ufe all pleafures in fuch medio- 
 crity, as fhould be according to reafon and anfwerable 
 to honefty, which virtue is not to be reftrained (as 
 fome would) to a moderation confisting only in the 
 ufe of meats and drinks ; becaufe it hath many other 
 
1 5 7 5 • J ^^^ charaSier— Hotiejiy . 117 
 
 membersj and confisteth in fundry other parts, as in 
 modefty, ftiamefacednefs, abftinence, chaftity, honefty, 
 moderation, fobriety, and fuch like ; all which do 
 concern and touch the whole life and behaviour of 
 man in all honeft adbions." And, if without offence, 
 I might confer the life of this worthy knight with 
 thefe virtues, it fhall appear that he was not alto- 
 gether void of them ; for he did fo moderate the 
 lufts of the body and the afFedions of the mind by 
 the rule of reafon, that he was not known, at any 
 times, to be outrageous in malice, envy, anger, lufts, 
 fenfualities, and fuch like , neither would he in words 
 utter any fpeeches which favoured any ribaldry, filthi- 
 nefs, or uncomelinefs ; neither in adt would do the 
 thing which was difhoneft and foul. Likewife he fo 
 contented himfelf with that which was his own, as 
 that he neither inordinately fought other men's goods, 
 nor unlawfully defired another man's wife, nor any 
 ftrange woman : whereof I, the writer hereof, upon 
 my own knowledge, can this affirm, that during the 
 timeof my acquaintance with him, I could never per- 
 ceive nor fee any countenance, gefture, behaviour, 
 or any figns, at all, of his liking that way. For he 
 neither would gladly be in company with any woman 
 of a fufpefted name, nor whereby he himfelf might be 
 had, or grow into, any fufpicion, and, therefore, in 
 thefe refpedls, I may, without oiFence, compare him 
 with Paulus ^mylius and Publius Scipio, two noble 
 Romans, moft commended for these virtues. And 
 as for honefty (I mean not that honeftum which 
 
Ii8 His char aSler — Sobriety. {."^SJ^' 
 
 Cicero accounteth and defineth to be a perfed: and an 
 abfolute goodnefs), but that conftancy of mind to 
 make choice of good things, and fo to live in virtue 
 as whereof good report and commendation may enfue ; 
 and alfo to moderate and keep all things within their 
 proper bounds and limits, as neither exceeding too far 
 by temerity, nor to ftay too fliort through lethernes,^ 
 wherein how well he was bent and difpofed, I will 
 refer to the judgment of them who know how pre- 
 cife he was therein. And, laftly, concerning his 
 Sobriety, which confisteth in the moderate ufe of 
 meats and drinks, and which is fo excellent and 
 neceflary a virtue, as without it all other virtues lofe 
 their grace ; he was fo .moderate and temperate 
 therein, that he was not known, at any time, to have 
 been diftempered, nor to exceed his bounds ; for he 
 abhorred gluttony and detefted drunkennefs ; and yet 
 for a fault it was imputed unto him that as he could 
 not guide his purfe within the rule of liberality, no 
 more could he, many times, fatisfy his eye with fuf- 
 ficiency ; for if any perfonage of countenance were 
 at any time invited at his table, although the fame 
 were fufficiently fraughted with ftore and plenty, yet 
 he thought he had never enough, but all was too 
 little, although, of himfelf, he was of a very compe- 
 tent diet, and contented with that which was fuf- 
 ficient. 
 
 Thus, after my fimple manner, I have defcribed 
 
 ' Softness, weakneBS. 
 
1 575- J Conclusion, 119 
 
 the courfe of the life, manners, qualities, and conditions 
 of this noble and worthy knight, according to fuch 
 inftruftions as have been delivered unto me, and as, 
 in fome part, of my own knowledge, I have collecfted 
 and gathei'ed ; which I know is not fo effedtually done, 
 nor fo exaftly performed, as the matter itfelf requireth, 
 and as the worthinefs of the perfon deferveth ; never- 
 thelefs, having done my good will herein, I pray the 
 good acceptation thereof, hoping that which by me is 
 omitted by others fliall be fupplied and amended. 
 
121 
 DESCRIPTION OF THE MONUMENT. 
 
 The arms on the monument in the annexed plate agree 
 with the matches recorded in the Pedigree No. 1, Appen- 
 dix I. The escutcheons are not, however, arranged in 
 proper order, aad appear, in some instances, to have been 
 subjected to transposition. We have numbered them 
 chronologically, agreeing with the pedigree, beginning 
 with the first on the left, and continuing along the top. 
 These are in regular succession as far as No. 5. No. 6 
 should represent the match with the heiress of Odrone, 
 but this is wanting; and as this alliance is too important 
 to have been omitted, we conclude that it was recorded on 
 the shield which is missing at the bottom on the left. 
 This view is confirmed by the Odrone coat being found 
 marshalled in its proper place on the shield surmounting 
 the monument. Numbers 7, 8, 9, 10, and 13, the latter 
 of which should occupy the place of the missing shield, 
 are all incorrectly arranged. It is probable that at some 
 time or other they have come off, and have been impro- 
 perly reset. From No. 11 they continue in regular order 
 down the right hand side, and, with the exception of the 
 vacant space, which we have numbered 6, for Odrone, up 
 the left, finishing with the shield representing the mar- 
 riage of Sir George Carew with the daughter of Sir Lewis 
 Pollard. The shield which should record the marriage of 
 Leonard Baron Carew with the daughter of Sir Edmund 
 Eitzalan, appears to have been altogether omitted. 
 
 The two escutcheons on the brackets supporting the 
 columns, numbered 18 and 19, represent the arms of 
 Hooker, who erected the monument to perpetuate the 
 memory of his Patron and Friend. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE ARMS ON THE MONUMENT. 
 
 1. Caeew, — or., three lions, passant, in pale, sa., impaling 
 Haecotjet, — or. two bars, gu. 
 
 2. Caeew, — impaling Bigod, — party, per pale, or. and sa., 
 a lion ramp., gu. 
 
 3. Caeew, — impaling Eitz Stephen, — per pale, ar. and 
 arm., a saltier counterchanged. 
 
 4. Caeew, — impaling Couect, — ar., three eagles, displayed, 
 
 5. Caeew, — impaling Ttjit, — quarterly, ar. and gu. 
 
 6. Caeew, — impaling Digon, — ar., three adders, en- 
 wrapped, vert. 
 
 7. Caeew, — ^impaling Mohtjn of Ottery Mohun, — quarterly, 
 1st and 4th, gu., a manche, erm., hand, ppr., holding a fleur de 
 lis, or. (Mohun) ; 2nd, vair, chief chequy, or. and gu. {Fleming) ; 
 3rd, gu., two bendlets, wavy, or: [Brewer). 
 
 8. Caeew, — impaling Talbot, — or., a lion ramp., gu. 
 
 9. Caeew, — impaling Mohott of Dunster, — or., a cross, 
 engrailed, sa. 
 
 10. Caeew, — impaling Maetyk, — or., two bars, gu. 
 
 11. Caeew, — impaling Bontillb, — sa., six mullets, or., 3, 2, 
 and 1, pierced, gu. 
 
 12. Caeew, — impaling CorETEKET of Haccombe, quarterly, 
 1st and 4th, or. three torteauxes, a label of three points, az., 
 (Cowteney), 2nd, ar., three chevronels, sa., {Archdeacon), 3rd, 
 ar., three bendlets, sa. {Haccomb). 
 
 13. Caeew, — impaling Caemis'OW, — sa., a bend, or. a label 
 of five points, gu. 
 
 14. Caeew, — impaling Dinham, — gu., four fusils, infess, erm. 
 
 15. Caeew, — impaling HirnDEESMBLD, — ar., a fess between 
 three boars, statant, sa., a crescent for a difierence. 
 
 16. Caeew, — impaling Cottetenet of Powderham, — quar- 
 terly, 1st and 4th, or., three torteauxes. {Cowteney), 2nd and 
 3rd, or., a lion ramp., az. {Redvers). 
 
 17. Caeew, — impaling Pollaed, — quarterly, 1st and 4th, 
 ar., a chev. between three mullets, gu., 2nd and 3rd, a chev. 
 between three escallops, gu. 
 
 18 and 19. Hookee, — ar., a fess,.vairy, counter vair, between 
 two lions, passant, guardant, sa. 
 
 The escutcheon surmounting the Monument is charged with 
 the arms of the following families, quarterly : 
 
 1. Caeew; 2. Eitz Stephen; 3. De Coueoy; 4. Tuit; 
 5. Digon ; 6. Mohun of Ottery Mohun ; 7. Eleming ; s! 
 
 BeEWEE; 9. BONTILLB; 10. AeCHDEACON; HaCCOMB ; 12. 
 
 Caeminow ; 13. DiNHAM ; 14. CouETENET of Haccomb ; 15. 
 
 AeCHES; 16. HrDDEESEIEIiD. 
 
I^nfffiy .//(. 'J.^r/ 
 
 Mob'ium:e:n't to shrpetek cakew; 
 
APPENDIX A. 
 
 Sir John Wallop to the Privy Council. ' 
 
 Pleaseth it Your good lordshippes to be advertised, that 
 your letters dated at Oking the 27th of July at mydnight, 
 I have receyved ; perceyving by the same howe the Kinges 
 Majeste hath taken our procedinges hetherto in good 
 part, wherof I do not a little rejoyse, trusting, or this 
 tyme, your lordshippes knoweth further what we have don, 
 as well by writing, as by the declaracion of Mr. Vaughan, " 
 by whom I sent my said letters ; and sith that tyme 
 we have made such diligence, that this day are arryved 
 within a leage of Bettune ; and in passing by Therwane, 
 bycause I wold gladly have drawen some of the French- 
 men owte, layed for them three severall ambushes, other- 
 wise then hathe ben used heretofore by the Bourgonians, 
 whiche they liked very well. Furst, I layd ther men of 
 armes of St. Omers in ambusche after theire accustumed 
 maner ; advising them if the Frenchemen did not issue 
 owte within an hower after the alarum geven by the vant- 
 currors, that then they shuld departe and retyre, thinking 
 they wold followe : yf they dyd, then the second ambusche 
 to cut betwixt them and home, whiche was Mr. Crurawell,* 
 and Mr. Carowe, with a good bande of our horsemen j 
 they lying still the space of 2 bowers, and wold not 
 
 1 state Papers, vol. ix., p. 457. 
 
 2 Stephen Vaughan. King's Agent in Flanders, 1538-41, 1546. 
 Governor of Merchant Adventurers, 1538. Ambassador, 1541. Clerk of 
 Dispensations, 1544. 
 
 *Sir Richard Crumwell, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber, 1540. 
 Comicillor of the Army in Flanders, 1543. 
 
 E 
 
134 APPENDIX A. 
 
 issue owte, whereupon they retyred as thothers dyd before, 
 thinking that they shuld have ben followed : and if 
 they had, the thirde ambusche being of Ayre shuld have 
 cut betwixt them and home. And pereeyving they wold 
 not be drawen out by that bayte, then a hundred of the 
 garrison of St. Omers toke up behynde every of them so 
 many fotemen, arkebusiers, and strait gave alarum before 
 the towne, putting theire gunners in trenshes reddy to 
 receyve the French emen at their issuying owt; where 
 was a very good skyrmoche, and divers of the Frenche- 
 men's horse killed, and well larded with arroes, the same 
 being don by certeyne archers of my Lord "Wardyns' 
 bande on horsebacke, and in the said skyrmoche was 
 overthrowen the lieutenaunt of Monsieur de Villebon, Cap- 
 taine of the said towne, not taken, but reskewed by others. 
 In whiche skyrmoche our men retyred with honour and 
 toke no hurt. Then after cam Mr. Cromewell and Mr. 
 Carowe, leaving theire enseigne and trowpe of horsemen 
 without danger of gunneshotte, and gallyerdly gave a hott 
 skyrmoche unto those that issued owte, and drave them 
 back to the towne gates and buUwarkes, in which skyr- 
 moche the northern men dyd theire partes very wel, as 
 also other our archers that was there. And to that skir- 
 moche was shotte many grete peces of ordenaunce, and yet 
 none hurt with the same, notwithstanding the said skir- 
 moche dured a gret while. And, after that Mr. Cromewell 
 was retyred to the ryrewarde, issued out of the towne 24 
 light horses, there not being there any others then the Cap- 
 taines of the said ryrewarde, which was Mr. Deveres, 
 Mr. Peter Carowe, Mr. Wardner, and thelder brother of 
 
 1 Sir Thomas Cheyney, L.L.D., Ambassador in France, 1522, 1526, 1546. 
 Gentleman of tlie Privy Cliamber, 1526. Treasurer of Calais, K.G., 1539. 
 Treasurer of the Household, 1540-17. Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, 
 1540-48. 
 
APPENDIX A. 135 
 
 the StaflFordes, and one Pete, a servant of my Lord 
 Wardyns, with a staff without any harnes. They 
 perceyving the Frenchemen to be so nighe, and the hoope 
 of our horsemen that was in sight, went and gave the 
 skyrmoche vnto them ; and chaunced that my Lord War- 
 dyn's man rencountred with a man of arms, and toke his 
 staff from hym. Then the said man of arms drewe his 
 sworde, and made towardes Wardner ; who had but his 
 target and jeavelin, and upon a little nag ; perceiving the 
 Frenche man to camme so furiously dyd make towards 
 him with a goode courage. The Frencheman, seeing that, 
 turned from hym ; and with the same Wardner did foUowe 
 so fast after, that he did thrust his javelin into his horse, 
 yet the Frencheman escaped awaye. In whiche skyrmoche 
 the forsaid Stafford shott many arrowes, and strake a 
 horse or 2, as also a gentleman throughe the legge. Mr. 
 Cromwell and Mr. Carowe, perceyving them to be some- 
 what in danger, sent dyvers of the northern men to theire 
 releyve, so as, if the Frenchemen had not made good dili- 
 gence homeward, a good sort of them had cumme short 
 home, and werechased by the saidNorthern men unto their 
 towne gates. 
 
 The same night, after our camp was lodged, for tholde 
 acquaynetance I had with the Captaine of Therwaine, I sent 
 him a letter of visitacion, the copie wherof, and likewise 
 his answerre therunto, I send your Lordshippes herewith. ^ 
 And theffect of my said letter was, that, seying he wold 
 send owt no greter nombre to skyrmoche with us, if he 
 had any gentlemen under his charge that wold breke any 
 staves for their ladis sake, I wold the next morning apoint 
 6 gentlemen to mete with them. Whereunto erley in the 
 morning he sent me a letter, that he had apointed 6 gentle- 
 
 • These enclosures are not now to be found. 
 E 3 
 
136 APPENDIX A. 
 
 men to mete me by the waye at 9 of the clooke, with 
 certen condicions, as doth appere by hys said letter; which 
 hower I kept^ and observed the condicions accordingly. 
 And those I sent to runne against them by theire own 
 requestes (saving 2 of myn own men), was Mr. Howard, 
 Peter Carowe, Markeham, Chelley of Callais, with my 
 2 men, Cawverley and Hall. And by the reaport of those 
 that did behold them, aswell strangers as others, they 
 dyd rune well, and made very fayre courses. As for Mr. 
 Howard, at his furst course, brake his staff in the myddes 
 of the Frenchman's curayse gallierdly ; Markeham strake 
 an other upon the hedpece, like to have overthrowen him ; 
 Peter Carowe also brake his staff very well, and had another 
 broken on hym. Cawverley, my man, was preased to 
 make the fairest courses of them all; yet by the yvill 
 runnyng of a Frencheman's horse, that flede owt, strake 
 hym under the arme pitt, throughe the body, and persed 
 his harnes in the backe, so as he is sooer hurt and in grete 
 danger, not hable to be brought backe to our camp, but 
 carryed to Thurwanne, where he is well entreated; this 
 morning haveing hard from thens, have some hope of his 
 life ; and the thing shall put hym most in danger is the 
 gusset that is stryken into his body. I wold wische to 
 God the next kynesman I have (not being my brother) had 
 excused hym. 
 
 This afternowne I receyved letters from the Regent,' 
 as also from the Grete Master^, wherby I do perceyve that 
 the Frenche do threten us, and wold gladly take us at 
 some advauntaige, whiche I thanke God they have not 
 hetherto don ; ne have lost any man, sythe they of Callais 
 
 ' Mary, daughter of Philip, king of Castile, born 1505, sister of the 
 Emperor Charles Vth, married Lewis, king of Hungary, became his widow, 
 1526 ; Regent or Gorerness of the Netherlands, 1530 — 1558. Died, 1558. 
 
 2 Vide Note 2, p. xxx. 
 
APPENDIX A, 127 
 
 and Gruysnes departed from me, whych ys by reason of the 
 grete obedyence of tbose that be here with me ; and after 
 the forme that I do dayly marche, I trust they shall take 
 but litle advantayge of me. Tomorrow I shall mete with 
 the Grete Master^ who doth mynd to assemble all 
 his powre hereabowtsj intending to do somme good 
 exploit. And in case he mynd to go unto Mounstrell, 
 and mysse of his purpose there, then I woU do my 
 best to put in his hed to burne Base BuUen, whiche may 
 be well don ; and after if he woU, retume by Arde, 
 making semblant to laye siege there, and the secret 
 matier to be put then in ure, like as the Bayly of 
 Guysnes hath insenced the Kinges Majestic. It might so 
 chaunce that somme good then myght ensue therupon, 
 for that and ther siege togithers shuld put them in very 
 grete feare, being of thoppynion, untyl suche tyme as I 
 have spoken with the Grete Master, the said Bayly do 
 praictis no further therin. For althoughe the fyering of 
 the same shuld do gret hurt, yet the towne may be well 
 kept upon hope of relieve ; and tharmey being before it, 
 they may be in dispaire, seeing they were in so grete feare 
 at the retourne of them at Callais and Guyenes, rekening 
 we wold have cumme with them to have layed the siege. 
 Of this I was sundry wayes advertised. 
 
 And not having other matier at this tyme, do commytt 
 Your good Lorshippes unto Allmighty God. From our 
 Camp besides Bittune, the last of July, (1543) . 
 
 Your Lordshippes most bounden to commaunde, 
 
 John Wallop. 
 To my very good Lordes of the Kinges 
 
 Majesties most honorable Counsell. 
 
APPENDIX B. 
 
 The melancholy catastrophe of the loss of the " Mary 
 Kose " is referred to in several places in the State Papers 
 published under the direction of the State Paper Com- 
 mission, and the circumstance is alluded to in various 
 authors. Sir Walter Raleigh, in his Essay on the Inven- 
 tion of Shipping, says : " Her loss was occasioned by a 
 little sway in casting her about, her ports (she had but 
 one gun deck) being only 16 inches from the water." 
 
 John Lord Russell, writing from Bodmin to Sir Wil- 
 liam Paget, Secretary of State, on the 23rd July, 1545, 
 says : " I am verie sory of the unhappy and unfortunat 
 chaunce of the Mary Rose ; whiche throwghe suche 
 rechenes and great negligence shulde be in suche wise 
 cast awaie, with thos that wer within her, whiche is a 
 great losse of the men and the shi]-)p also; notwithstand- 
 ing ye give me good hope by your letters, that the shipp 
 shallbe recovered againe, whiche I praye God maybe so."' 
 
 The result of the attempt to raise this fine ship will 
 appear from the following extracts : — 
 
 Duke of Suffolk to Paget. '^ 
 
 Portsmouth, 1st August, 1545. 
 " And as concernying the Mary Rose we have con- 
 sulted and spoken together with them, that have taken 
 uppon them to recover her, whoo desireth to have, for the 
 saving of her, suche necessarys as is mentyoned in a 
 sedule herein enclosed. Not doubting, God willing, but 
 
 ' State Papers, vol. i., p. 794. ' Sir William Paget. See note, 1, p. 63. 
 
APPENDIX B. 129 
 
 they shall have all thinges redy accordingly, soo that 
 shortely she shalbe saved. 
 
 "A remembraunce of thinges necessarye for the 
 recovery, with the help of God, of the Mary Roose. 
 
 " Fyrst, 2 of the gretest hulkes that may be gotten, 
 more the hulkes that rydeth within the havyn. 
 
 " Item, 4 of the gretest hoys withyn the havyn. 
 
 " Item, 5 of the gretest cables that may be had. 
 
 "Item, 10 greate hawsers. 
 
 " Item, 10 newe capteynes, with 30ti pulleys. 
 
 " Item, 50 pulleys bounde with irone. 
 
 "Item, 5 doseyn balast baskettes. 
 
 " Item, 201b. of talowe. 
 
 " Item, 30 Venyzians maryners, and one Veneziane 
 carpenter. 
 
 " Item, 60 Inglishe maryners to attende upon them. 
 
 " Item, a greate quantitie of cordage of all sortes. 
 
 "Item, Symond, patrone and master to the Poyst 
 doth aggree that all thynges must be had for the purpose 
 aforeseid." 
 
 Writing again on the same day, he says : " I trust by 
 Monday or Twisday, at the furthest, the Mary Rose 
 shalbe wayed upp, and saved. There be twoo hulkes, 
 cabulles, puUeces and other thinges made redy for the 
 waying of her."^ 
 
 The Viscount Lisle to Paget. 
 
 Portchemouth, 2nd August, 1545. 
 
 " We have moche a doe to frame every thinge for the 
 
 Mary Ros, but all that may possibly be don, ys don for 
 
 the same. The worste ys, we must forbore thre of the 
 
 greatyste hulkes of the flete, tyll the thinge be don, which 
 
 ' State Papers, vol. i., p. 796. ^ State Papers, vol. i., p, 798. 
 
130 APPENDIX B. 
 
 must be emptyd of all her vitayles, ordnance, and baliste, 
 during the busynes, which wilbe a great weakening to 
 the navye, yf any thing iu the meane tyme shall 
 happen. . . . the Grret Venezian, which ys brought 
 nerer the haven to take yn baliste, and the too hulkes, 
 the Jhesus, and the Sampson, which ys brought unto the 
 Mary Ros, be caus they must wey her upp."' 
 
 The Duke of Suffolk, the Lord Admiral, and 
 Lord Seint John' to Paget. 
 
 Portesmouth, 5th August, 1545. 
 " And as touching the Mary Rose, her sailes and saile 
 yardes be layd on land, and to her mastes there is tyed 
 three cables, with other ingens to wey her upp, and on 
 every syde of her a hulk to sett her uppright, which is 
 thought by the doers therof, God willing, to be doon to- 
 morrow, one tyme in the day; and that doon, they 
 purpose to discharg her of water, ordenaunce, and a 
 other thinges, with as moch diligence as is possible, and, 
 by littell and litle, to bring her nerer to the shore, and as 
 we shall, from tyme to tyme, woork with her, to save her, 
 His Majesty shalbe advertised accordingly."^ 
 
 The Viscount Lisle to Paget. 
 
 Portesmouth, 5th August, 1545. 
 " The Mary Roos (which I trust with the leave of 
 God, shall be brought uppe right ones to morrowe) hath 
 so chardged all the Kynges Majesties ship wry ghtes with 
 
 1 State Papers, vol. i., p. 801. 
 
 2 Sir Waiiam Poulet, Comptroller of the Household, 1530; Treasurer of 
 the Household, 1537-1540 ; Lord Saint John, 1539 ; Master of the Wards, 
 15-10; Privy Councillor, November, 1542; I^ord President, 15, — E.G., 
 1543; Lord Chamberlain, 1543; Lord Steward, 1545; Chief Justice 
 in Eyre, south of the Trent, 1545; Earl of Wiltshire, 1550; Marquis of 
 Winchester, 1551; ancestor of the Dukes of Bolton, died 1572. 
 
 ' State Papers, vol. i., p. 803. 
 
APPENDIX B. 131 
 
 makyng engyns for the same, that they have had no 
 leasure tattend any other thyng, sithens His Majesties 
 departure hence.'" 
 
 The Duke of Suffolk'' to Paget. 
 
 Portesmouth, 7th August, 1545. 
 
 " My Lorde Admyrall, being this present Friday at 
 dynner with me, told me that he had a good hope of the 
 waying upright of the Mary Rose this afternone or to- 
 morrow."' 
 
 The published State Papers give no further informa- 
 tion upon this interesting subject, but we find the follow- 
 ing letter in the State Paper OflSce, from which it appears 
 that notwithstanding all these vast preparations, and the 
 hopes and expectations of the projectors, the attempt was 
 an utter failure. 
 
 The Lord Admiral and Lord St. John to Paget. 
 
 Master Secretary, after our right hartie commendacions, 
 Theis shalbe tadvertise you, that this daye thitalinns* 
 which had the doyng of the wayeng of the Mary Roos 
 haue been with my Lord Chamberlayn and me to signify 
 vnto vs that after this sourt which they haue followed 
 hetherto they can by no meanes recouer her, for they haue 
 
 1 state Papers, vol. i., p. 806. 
 
 2 This is the last letter from the Duke of PuiFolk, who died at Guildford 
 on the 22nd of this month, 
 
 ' State Papers, vol. i., p. 807. 
 
 ■* In the Privy Council Book of King Henry VIII. (Harl. M.S., 256) a 
 notice occurs, under date of the 8th December, 1545, of a warrant to the 
 Treasurer of the Chamber, to dehver to Peeter de Andreas and Simon de 
 Marine, Venetians, 40 marks sterling b<^tween them, by way of the King's 
 reward for their pains taken about the weighing of the Mary Rose. This, 
 therefore, gives us the names of the persons engaged in this attempt. 
 
133 APPENDIX B. 
 
 alredye broken her foremast, which they were comjring to 
 declare vnto my Lord greate M",^ but his Lordshipp were 
 departed from hence a letill before, and nowe they desyer 
 to prove an other waye, which ys to di'agg her as she 
 lyeth vntill she come into shallow ground, and so to set 
 her upright, and to this they axe vj days prouf. And 
 forasmoche as these great hulkes, which haue been occu- 
 pied all this while aboute the wayeng of her, may not well 
 be spared oute of this armye if we should chaunce to 
 mete with thenemies, and considering, neverthelesse, 
 thimportaunce of the thing if she may be recouered, aswell 
 for the shipp as also for the goodly Ordnaunce that is in 
 her; I, the Lord Admirall, haue appointed those too 
 hulkes which were stayed to haue gone furth with the 
 fleete, tattend and to serue for the recoueiy of the said 
 shipp and Ordnaunce, wherein assuredly they shall stand 
 the Kinges Ma*'*' in more stede then thoughe they 
 shuld goe with tharmye, and allso they wooll not be put 
 in order for vs to any purpose, for they must have sparre 
 deckes and wast nettyng with pourtes cut, which apperith 
 vnto vs nowe, that the same wooll not be overcome so 
 soone as we thought it wold, wherfore, in our poore 
 opinions, they cannot be so well imployed as to be set on 
 work about the recouery of this shipp. And as touching 
 the book of the Shippes with the Capitaignes names,.!, 
 the lord admirall, do staye the return e of the same vntiU I 
 haue wourd agayne from you concernyng the Kings Maie*^ 
 pleasure to be knowen for the placyng of one Capitaigne 
 or too, to have the chardge of his highnes rowyng peeees, 
 whereof I beseche you that I may be advertised with 
 
 ' The Lord Steward was called the Grand (or Great) Master ot the 
 Household. 
 
APPENDIX B. 133 
 
 spede. And thus we byd you right hartilly well tofare. 
 At Portesmouth the ix of August. 
 
 Your assured loving frendes, 
 
 John Lisle. W. Seint John. 
 
 It does not appear whether this second attempt was 
 ever made. Probably it was not, as we find the fleet 
 sailed immediately after the date of the last letter^ and no 
 further correspondence on the subject is traced in the 
 State Paper Office. If it were ever undertaken it un- 
 doubtedly failed. Sir William Monson^ ' in his Naval 
 Tracts, Book 1, stating the disasters of some of King Henry 
 VIII's ships, says : " The Mary Rose next to the Regent 
 in bigness and goodness'' after this was cast away (July, 
 1545) betwixt Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight, the 
 very same day King Henry boarded her and dined in 
 her." Part of the ribs of this ship I have seen with my 
 own eyes." 
 
 So this unfortunate ship rested at the bottom of the 
 sea, and was forgotten, until, in our own days, after the 
 lapse of nearly three hundred years, some of her remains 
 have been brought to light. Some fishermen, who had 
 from time to time experienced considerable losses by the 
 entanglement of their nets and lines in something at the 
 bottom of the sea, in the year 1836, applied to Messrs. 
 
 • Sir Wflliam Monson was bom in 1569, and died in 1643. His Tracts 
 were published in 16^3. 
 
 2 Derrick, in his Bise and Progress of the Eoyal Navy, shows that the 
 Mary Rose, though but 600 tons burthen, was second only to the Regent 
 in the King's Na.vy, and when the Regent was burnt in an action with 
 the French fleet in 1512, she, for a time, was the largest ship until the 
 Henry Grace h, Dieu was built. The latter ship was launched at Green- 
 wich in 1515. 
 
 ' This is an error. The King dined with the Lord Admii-al in the 
 Great Henry. See narrative, p. 32. 
 
134 APPENDIX B. 
 
 Dean and Edwards, to descend and discover what was the 
 cause of the obstruction of their daily occupation. These 
 gentlemen, who, by means of their improved diving 
 apparatus, had already recovered several guns, and 
 objects of interest, from the wreck of the "Royal 
 George," complied with their request. On descending 
 they found that the fishermen's Hues were entangled in a 
 piece of old timber, which they extricated, and prosecuting 
 farther search in the vicinity, they discovered some more 
 old timber, and a 24-pounder brass gun of excellent 
 workmanship, bearing an inscription which showed it to 
 have been cast in the year 1543. This occurred in 
 the month of June. In the following September they 
 recovered two other brass guns, and two iron guns. As 
 an encouragement to their exertions, Messrs. Dean and 
 Edwards received from the Lords of the Admiralty a grant 
 of the exclusive right of prosecuting their operations 
 on this wreck, and the Board of Ordnance allowed them, 
 as salvage, the full value of the brass guns they had 
 recovered, the usual rate of salvage being two-thirds of 
 the value. They accordingly proceeded with such diligence 
 and spirit that they raised several other guns, some iron 
 and stone shot, two archers' bows, and a perfect human 
 skuU. In the year 1840 they recovered a brass cul- 
 verin, in an excellent state of preservation, and which, 
 for beauty of design and workmanship, is unsurpassed by 
 anything produced at the present day. This gun had an 
 inscription similar to the one first found, fixing its manu- 
 facture in the year 1543. Several iron guns and swivels, 
 as well as chambers and parts of guns, were also raised. 
 Some of these iron guns were of the earliest description 
 of ordnance known, being constructed of wrought iron 
 bars and hoops, having the bore completely through, with 
 
APPENDIX B. 135 
 
 a perfect muzzle at each end. One of these, a 32-pounder 
 of great length, was firmly embedded in a large and heavy 
 piece of timber, and contained powder and a stone shot. 
 These iron guns are so antique in form, and rude in con- 
 struction, that a writer,^ at the time of their discovery, 
 raised a doubt whether they formed a part of the regular 
 armament of the Mary Rose, and suggested that they 
 must have been used for ballast, or some other illegitimate 
 purpose. 
 
 All the brass guns were paid for by the Board of 
 Ordnance, and are preserved in the Royal Repository at 
 "Woolwich. A selection of the most curious specimens 
 was also made from the iron guns (the remainder being 
 left at the disposal of Messrs. Dean and Edwards), and 
 two of these are now (1856) at the Tower, on the right- 
 hand side of the entrance to the Horse Armory. They 
 are very remarkable as being the most ancient examples 
 of ordnance. The wooden bed of one of them, above 
 spoken of, was unfortunately destroyed in the Tower fire 
 in the year 1841. 
 
 Since writing the above, my attention has been called 
 by Sir Henry Ellis to a little book published by Horsey, 
 at Portsea, in 1844, containing all that is known respect- 
 ing this ill-fated ship, collected, I believe, by Sir Frederick 
 Madden. It contains but little more than the facts above 
 narrated, except some extracts from Hall, Hollinshed, 
 and Stowe's Chronicles relating to the event, and a 
 description of an engraving of the loss of the ship, in the 
 Sessions House of the Corporation at Portsmouth, from a 
 contemporary painting formerly existing at Cowdry House, 
 Sussex, an account of which is given by Sir Joseph Aylofife 
 in vol. iii. Archseologia, p. 261. 
 
 ' Mr. C. D. Archibald, Archseologia, vol. xxviii., p. 386. 
 
APPENDIX C. 
 
 The Viscount Lisle to King Henry VIII} 
 Yt may plese Your moste Excellent Majeste to be 
 advertysedj that the second daye of this present^ Your 
 Majestes Army, to the nombre of 6 or 7 thousand^ 
 landyd at a certeyn place iu Normandy e^ callyde Me- 
 movale, thre myles be weste Treporte; where as we 
 foundej in redynes to defende our landyng, thre ansynes 
 of your enymyS;, in soche a place, that with smalle difFy- 
 culty they mought encombred us, moche other wys 
 then they dyd ; but they were so sharply assayled, that 
 withia a while they gave us place. The maner wherof, 
 with allso oar mercheng by lande towardes Treportt, styll 
 in the face of your enymyes, who assemblyd more and 
 more in gret troupes, and now and then, with some 
 horsemen, sceirmished with us, as they dyrst; haveing 
 with us certeyn smalle paces, drawne by force of men, 
 with allso thentry into the sayde Treporte, with one of 
 our wynges only, the resydue of your army kepinge the 
 field in battayle, the mane tyme, and burning to or thre 
 villayges nest adjoyninge unto the sayde Treporte, with a 
 gentyllmans bowse or too in theym ; and fynally, the 
 bourninge of the sayde Treporte, and the Abbey ther; 
 with allso our retyre, and imbarking agayne of our men; 
 this berer, Sir Peter Carew, can better acerteyne your 
 Majeste, then I can write : who dyd your Majeste, for 
 his owne parte, soche servis, that I can do no les of my 
 duty, but comend the same to Your Highnes. The for- 
 
 ' State Papers, vol i., p. 829. The original letter is holograph. 
 
APPENDIX C. 
 
 137 
 
 wardnes, allso, of all other gentyllmen, and all Your 
 Majestes subjectes, I shall moste humbly beseche Your 
 Majeste that I may declare vnto the same, at my comenge 
 to Your Highnes; which, God willyng, shalbe asone 
 as I hape gyaea order, in soche other thinges as I have ia 
 chardge of Your Majeste to do. 
 
 Ferder more, my fello Wynter,' Your Majestes Tre- 
 saurer here ; hath desyeryde me to signifye unto Your 
 Highnes, that yt shalbe moche requisyte that some 
 money were sent hither unto him, for the payment of 
 your army; which, as he sayth, will amounte, at this 
 next paye, unto seven thousand 500Z., which he declared 
 unto Mr. Secretary, at his laste beynge with Your 
 Majeste. 
 
 And thus I beseche the Lyvyng God allwayes to pre- 
 serve Your Excellent Majeste in longe and prosperous 
 felysite, with contynewall desyer of Your most Royall 
 harte. Scribled in the Harry Grace a Dieu, the 3rd of 
 September, thwartt of Arrundell, at 8th in the morning, 
 comenge towardes Porchemouth, where I trust, with all 
 your army, receiving those which be apoynted for the 
 Narro sees, to be this daye, by too of the clokke in the 
 after nooue. And have not lost of your subjectes thre 
 men ; whereof too of them wilfidly cast away theymsylves, 
 and moo wolde have dan so yf they had not byn lokydunto. 
 Your Majestes most humble, 
 moste obedyent, and most bounden 
 Subject, and Servant, 
 Superscribed John Lisle. 
 
 To the Kinges most Excellent Majeste. 
 Hast, hast, for 
 thy lyffe. 
 
 ' John Wynter, Treasurer of the Admiralty. 
 
APPENDIX D. 
 
 The Lord Seymour,^ Lord High Admiral, to Sir 
 Peter Carew,' Sir Thomas Denys,' and Sir Richard 
 Grenfield," for Devonshire, and John Grenfield,^ Sir 
 
 ' Thomas Seymotir, 4tli son of Sir John Seymour, of Wolf Hall, in the 
 county of Wilts, by Margery, 2nd daughter of Sir Henry Wentworthe, of 
 Nettlestead, in Suffolk. The marriage of his sister, Jane Seymour, to King 
 Henry YIII, in 1536, brought him into prominent notice. In 1537 we find 
 him a gentleman of the Privy Chamber, and receiving extensive grants 
 of lands. In 1542 he was sent on a mission to Ferdinand, King of Hun- 
 gary; and in 1543, he went as Ambnssador to the Regent of Flanders. 
 In the same year he was second in command of the expedition against 
 the King of France ; and was made Master of the Ordnance for life, 
 and Admiral of the Fleet. On the accession of his nephew, Edward "VI, 
 he was created Lord Seymour, of Sudeley, and, upon the "sm-render of 
 his patent as Master of the Ordnance, was appointed Lord High Admiral. 
 Shortly afterwards he married Queen Katherine Parr; but his daring 
 ambition and violent character having led him into intrigues against 
 the authority of his brother, the Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector, he was 
 attainted by Parliament, and beheaded on the 20th March, 1549. 
 
 ' Sir Peter Carew and John Grenfield were included in this commission 
 by the Lord High Admiral as being Vice- Admirals for the counties of Devon 
 and Cornwall, respectively. See letter from Lord Seymour to the Council, 
 stating the directions he had given in this commission. — State Paper Office, 
 Dom. Cor., Edward VI, vol. iv. No 41 
 
 ' See note p. 49. 
 
 ■* Sir Richard Grenvil, of Bideford, Knight, son of Roger Grenvil, of 
 that place, by Thomasine, daughter of Thomas Cole, of Slade, Esq. He mar- 
 ried Mary, daughter and co-heir of Sir John St. Leger, of Annery, (see 
 note 3, p. 55.), and left issue Sir Bernard, who, by Elizabeth, daughter and 
 heiress of Philip, and niece of Sir Wilham Beville, was father of the immortal 
 Sir Beville Grenvil, ancestor of the present Marquis of Bath. Sir Richard 
 was Sheriff of Devon, 24 Henry VIII. 
 
 ^ Vice-Admiral for Cornwall. 
 
APPENDIX 1>. 139 
 
 Hugh Trevanion^ and Sir William Godolphin,^ for 
 Cornwall. 
 
 After my right hartye commendacons. As policye 
 ought to prevent present mischief, and manhode to mete 
 with Iniuryes apparauntlye offred, so is it convenient 
 rather to be afore hands, or, at the least, even, with a 
 suspicious frende, then to forbeare and suffer wronge till 
 wee have susteyned losse ; and then, in thende, fynde him 
 an openne enemye. The frenche menne have of late not 
 oonelie takenne fyve of our crayors, whereof they burnt 
 three, and the menne in themme all have sent to the 
 gallyes, but, allso, haue takenne another shippe, ladenne 
 with Islande fyshe, and parte of our menne have put to 
 ransome, and the rest, in like maner, sent to the galleys. 
 And Peter Stroze,^ passing the seas, being tolde by the 
 
 1 Sir Hugli Trevanian, of CaerLayes, in Cornwall, married Sybaia, 
 daughter of Sir Thomas Morgan, and sister to the wife of Henry Carey, 
 first Lord Hunsden. This family of Trevanian failed in the male line on 
 the death of WiBiaua Trevanian, of Caerhayes, Esq., in 1767, when his 
 sisters inherited the estates aa co-heirs ; Caerhayes devolving upon the 
 elder who married John Bettesworth, Esq., of an ancient Sussex family, 
 father of the present owner of Caerhayes. 
 
 ^ Sir William Godolphin, son of William Godolphin, of Morval, in the 
 eo. of Cornwall, by Margaret, one of the co-heirs of John Glirme. He was 
 a person of great note in the reign of Henry VIII, who, for his services, 
 conferred on him the honour of knighthood, and constituted him Warden 
 and Chief Steward of the Stannaries. He several times represented the 
 county in Parliament, and served the office of Sheriff in the 21, 25, and 
 30 of Henry VIII; 3 Edward VI, and 10 of Elizabeth. He also greatly 
 distinguished himself by his military prowess, particularly at the siege of 
 Boulogne. Carew, in his survey of Cornwall, ranks him among the prin- 
 cipal worthies of the county, and says, — "He demeaned himself very 
 vahantly beyond the seas, as. appears by the soars he brought home, no less 
 to the beautifying of his fame than the disfiguring of his face." 
 
 He married Blanche daughter of Robert Langdon, Esq., but leaving no 
 male issue, the estate passed to his nephew, Francis Godolphin, Esquire. 
 
 ^ Peter Strozzi (son of Philip Strozzi, a Florentine merchant), in the 
 
 S 
 
140 APPENDIX D. 
 
 mercliant that we had as yet good peace with fframice 
 made aunswere that all this tyme of theyre abode in 
 Scotlande they weare mere Scottes. And yet vppon 
 comunicacioii of these maters sincCj they wooUd neads 
 bear us in hande they meane nothing elles but good peax 
 and perfecte amytie. Youe shall vndrestande that fforas- 
 muche as I have allso certaine intelligence there is a great 
 fleet of theyres who shortelye shall retourne out of the new 
 founde lande with fishe^ with whom wee wolde be glad to 
 mete to requyte parte of these wronges (if it might he), I 
 have thought goodj by the consent and agreament of my 
 L. protectour's grace and the counsell, to license as many 
 as in that shyre are willing to gooe to the seas at theyre 
 owne aventure to passe without impechement for thap- 
 prenhension and takings not oonelie of the saide flete, 
 but allso of as manye moo frenchemenne as they maye by 
 any meanes laye hand vppon. And yet^ neverthelesse, 
 Bicause, heretofore^ vppon the grauntinge of the lyke 
 libertye, many complayntes of misdemeanours haue beene 
 made to the Counsellj They have thought good to pre- 
 scribe certaine orders seriouslye to be observed^ whiche 
 I receyved from themme, and whiche you shall receyve in 
 A Schedule herein enclosed^ Requirynge you^ in any 
 wyse, the same maye be to thuttremost performed. And 
 least it might seame straunge to youe Sir Thomas Dennys 
 and Sir Richard Grenefelde^ (Devonshire :^) to be combred 
 with this afifayre, yetj wayeing the weigVit of the mater, and 
 remembring that the said L. protectour's grace and Coun- 
 sell have thought you mete, for your approved secrecye 
 and circumspeccon in seruice, to beare your parte of this 
 
 service of the King of France. He wiis gentleman of the French Privy 
 Chamher and Captain of Marano, a town in Italy, 1542. 
 
 ' Cornwall. Sir Hugh Trevanyon, Sir William Godolphin. 
 
APPENDIX D. 
 
 141 
 
 busines, I doubt not youe wooU willinglye travayle therein 
 in suche sorte as theyre trust, and my hartye desyre, is 
 youe shoulde. And to thintent I may mak reporte of 
 your paynes to be taken herin I shall desyre youe, Sr 
 Petre Carowe, being myne Officer there, that, according 
 to thinstruccons, I maye receyve all suche advertisementes 
 as therein is conteyned, with such others as by your wis- 
 dome youe shall think convenient. Thus fare youe hartelye 
 well, ffrom my Castle of Sudelye the ixth of August 
 1548. 
 
 Your loving ffrende 
 
 Tho. Seymour. 
 [Instructions referred to.) 
 ffirst, that it be bruted, and openlye declared, that the 
 shippes appointed to goo forthe be armed and sent to the 
 seas oonelye against the Scottes, pirates, and suche others, 
 the Kinges Maiesties enemyes. 
 
 That the owners, and captaines, of everye suche 
 shippe to be armed and sent forthe be bounde in a large 
 and ample soome before youe, or twoo of youe, in the 
 presence of the Mayor, and other Officer, where theyre 
 saide shipps do remayne, to be of honest behavoir 
 towardes alle the Kinges Maiesties subiectes and fifrendes, 
 and that they shall aunswer to all suche complaintes as by 
 anye of his hieghnes saide subiectes, or frendes, shalbe 
 made against themme, for any acte to be donne by the 
 saide Captaines, or any others within theyre shipps, dur- 
 ing the tyme of this theyre being forthe. And this 
 ordre to be vsed with all suche shipps as fromehenseforthe 
 shall goo to the seas at theyre owne adventures. 
 
 That there be a returne boke kept of the names of 
 euery shippe that shall haue leaue to goo to the seas, of 
 theyre bourdenne, and to what port they do belong ; And 
 that in the same boke be mencioned the names of the 
 
 s 2 
 
143 APPENDIX D. 
 
 owners, Captaines, and masters of euerye suche stippej 
 ■with the copyes of thobligacions, or bondes, takenne for 
 theyre good behavour, as is aforsaide. A Coppye of 
 wbich, assoon as the same shallbe made, I wolde weare 
 sent vnto me, to thintent I maye therof aduertise my 
 Lorde protectours grace, and the Counsell accordinglye. 
 
 That it be further declared, secretlye, to the saide 
 Owners, Captaines, and Masters, that besyde Scottes, and 
 pyrates, they may, aUso staye, not oonelye the frenche 
 fieete cooming with the newe founde lande fishe. But allso 
 that they maye staye anye other frenche shipps they shall 
 mete withaUe, saying to themme that they haue beene 
 spoyled before by frenchemenne, and could haue no iustice, 
 or pretending that the victualles, or things of munition, 
 found in anye suche frenche shipps, weare sent to ayde the 
 Scottes, or such lyk. Marye, suche frenche shipps as they 
 shall take they must cause to be brought to somme porte 
 in England, and cause, before thofficers there, true Inven- 
 toryes to be made of alle the goodes founde within anye 
 shippe so stayed, and of the iust valor of the same, 
 whiche Inventoryes or Copyes therof must remayne 
 in the custodye of the saide Officers, as of persones 
 indifferent. 
 
 Item. The saide Captaines owners, and Masters, must 
 be further enformed that fforasmuche as we doo stande in 
 verye doubtefull tearmes with ffraunce, and yet there is 
 no playne warre. That, therefore, thies Inventoryes be 
 taken to thintent that if the peax do contyhewe, and the 
 french menne wooU redubb' suche wronges as they have 
 donne to the Kinges Maiesties subjectes. That then, in 
 that case, theyre goodes maye allso be restored, or, at the 
 least, the valor of them ; and if the warres do ensue 
 
 ' Redress. 
 
APPENDIX D. 143 
 
 that thenne alle the goodes shall remayne to the use of 
 the takers, as in tyme of warre hathe beenne accustomed. 
 And it is allso to be added that incase the peax shaUe 
 continewe, and all thinges so vsed as the frenchemens 
 goodes shalbe ordred to be restored. Then shall ordre be 
 gyven for the chardge and expense of the Takers of the 
 saide shipps and goodes. 
 
144 
 
 APPENDIX E. 
 
 No. 1.' 
 
 Sir Peter Carew and Sir Gawen Carew to Sir Thomas 
 Denys? 
 
 Right worshipfull, after our most hertie commenda- 
 
 cions. Being this morning enformed that you prepare 
 
 yourself with power to apprehend and take vs/ ffor what 
 
 matter we knowe not, we have thought good to send vnto 
 
 yoUj and to advertise you that we ar as true and as faith- 
 
 full subiectes vnto the Queues highnes as any what so ever 
 
 they be within the Eealme, and entende to observe and 
 
 folowe her ReHgion as faithfully as they that most are 
 
 affected vnto it. Wherefore, knowing our selfes without 
 
 offence towardes her ma*'^, we can not but wonder for what 
 
 cause you should prepare, with force, to take vs. And if 
 
 it be so that you have any such commission from her 
 
 highnes, or her most honorable counsell, we hertely 
 
 pray you so to advertise vs, and we shall, without rumor 
 
 or sterringj immediately repaire vnto you wheres so ever 
 
 you shall appoint vs. Whereas if you do the contrary, 
 
 you shall dryve vs to stand to the best of our powers for 
 
 ' State Paper Office — Original. 
 
 2 See Note, p. 49. 
 
 ' At a meeting of the Privy Council held at Richmond on the 2nd 
 January, a letter of appearance was issued to Sir Peter Carew. As this 
 summons appears to have been disregarded, on the 16th, a letter was directed 
 by the Council to be sent to Sir Thomas Uenys, sheriif of Devon, for the 
 sending of him up, and requiring his wisdom and diligence therein. — Privy 
 Council Itegister. 
 
APPENDIX E. 145 
 
 our libertie vntill such tyme as we may better vnderstand 
 your authoritie. And so fare you most hertely weH. 
 fFrom Mouse Awtrey, the xix'^ of January, 1554.' 
 
 Y"^ loving freende, 
 
 P. Carew. 
 
 Ga. Carew. 
 
 To the right worshipfull and our verrye 
 loving frynde S' Thomas Denys, Knight, 
 highe Sherifofthe county of Devon. 
 
 No. 2. 
 Sir Peter Carew to Sir Thomas Denys {Sheriff of Devon.y 
 Whereas I promysed by your messenger to repayer 
 this daye to Exeter vnto you, and thinking you have some 
 cause to allege vnto me for that I have byn sent for to 
 the courte & have not made suche speede thyther as the 
 counsell hathe lookyd for, and to avoyde alle rumors that 
 may ensue for my supposed disobediens, I haue, sithen 
 the departure of your said messenger, thought good to 
 advertise you that I am this daye departed from hens 
 toward London, with as moche speade as I possiblye can, 
 not doubting but I shall be abuU so to answer the cause 
 as myne honestye shalbe nothing impayred, whatsoever 
 myne enemyes shall allege agenst me; most hartelye 
 praying you so to vse your authoritye, whatsoever it be, 
 as you may receave no evyll opynyon at the Queues 
 highnes handes, nether to use thextremyte thereof (so as 
 the same may be to my vtter defacing), whereof I have no 
 mistrust of you for that you know my demeans hath not 
 geaven the occasion hereof. And knowing this shall 
 
 1 1553—4. 
 = State Paper OSice.— Original. 
 
146 APPENDIX B. 
 
 suffice to such an assured frynde as you are, I bid jcm 
 ffarewell. ffirom Mohouns Ottery, this tewsdaye the 
 xxiij of January, 1554. 
 
 y assured ifrynde, 
 
 P. Carew, 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 Sir Gawen Carew to Sir Thomas Denys} 
 Mr. Denys, after my harty commendacions. I do not 
 a lytell marvell to hier of suche preparacions as you 
 prepare within the Citie of Exeter, (being, as you are, a wise 
 man) wherof it doth prosede I cannot gesse. Yt should 
 seem by slanderous brutes you have sent and chayned the 
 gates, layed Ordynaunce upon the walles, kepe watche and 
 warde, as it should be beseged by the Quenes highnes 
 enemyes, and not content with this, but also blowen 
 abrode, not only to the vtter ondoyng and clere defasyng 
 of the most parte of gentlemen within this shire toward 
 the Queues highnes, but also to the discrediting vs 
 among our neighbors, that the gentlemen shoulde prac- 
 tise to take the Quenes highnes Citie. Yt is more than 
 strange to think what occasion shoulde leade you thus to 
 do. I dare boldely say it was neuer thought by any man 
 to practise so vyle an enterprise agenst the Queues 
 Ma'^«, that wayes or any other kynde of wayes, whereby 
 her highnes might be offended. I stand owt of all dowtes, 
 from the best to the simplest, there is not one within 
 this shire, but, in defence of her highnes Citie, or other 
 affayres, lawes, statutes, proclamacions, or prosedinges, but 
 wolde, with the sworde in his hand, defend the same with 
 his bloode to the deth. And farther, yt is bruted that the 
 
 ' State Paper Office. Dom. Cor. — Original. 
 
APPENDIX E. 147 
 
 gentlemen shoulde gather them selves together, and levy a 
 power to stand in the field. I marvell not a lytell to 
 hyer of these Immagenyd lyes. I do assure you, by the 
 faythe I beare to the lyvyng God, there was no such 
 matter of gathering togither of any gentlemen, nor no 
 repayre of any other, but only as heretofore yt hath bene 
 accustomably vsed. And for myne owne parte, I 
 had no more with me than I do accustomably vse to 
 ryde withall, which was but viij persones, and Sir Peter 
 Carew, his housholde servantes. But the very occasion of 
 my repayre to S"^ Peter was, that you had gathered a 
 power (as it was shewed vs) to apprehend vs both, and 
 what comission or auctoritie you had so to do we knew 
 not, and vpon that consideracion wrote vnto you our 
 former letter, for if you had sent, declaring that you had 
 suche a comission from the Quenes highnesse, we wolde 
 have comme to you as humble and obedient subjectes, 
 according to our bounden duties. And so I pray you to 
 make reporte none otherwise of vs, for I dowt not but the 
 trouth shall trye vs to be as faythfull and obedient sub- 
 iectes as any other within the realme, whatsoever they be. 
 And so I byd you most hertely farewell, firom Ty verton, 
 the xxiiij of January, 1553.' 
 
 Your ffreende, 
 
 Ga. Carew. 
 
 No. 4.' 
 John Ridgewaye^ to Sir Thomas Denys. 
 Hyt maye pleace your maistershippe to be advertysed 
 
 1 1553—4. 
 
 ^ State Paper Office, Dom. Cor. — Original. 
 
 ' John Ridgway (alias Pocoek) received a grant of Torwood Grange, in 
 1540. In cenjunction with John Petre, in 1553, he purchased of the Crown 
 
148 
 
 APPENDIX E. 
 
 that on Sundaye laste, in the mornynge^ S'' Arthur 
 Champernoun sent one of his servantes to me, desyryng 
 me, from his M"^, that I wold com & speke with his M"^ 
 with all spede. And because I vnderstode that he came from 
 Monysotery, & not knowyng for what cause he sent for 
 me, I wrot hem a letter, & desyred to spare my comyng 
 vnto him at that tyme. When, vppon the Mondaye next, 
 yn the mornyng, he sent vnto me ayen, & also the 
 Maior of Totnesse, that he was desyrous that wee shuld 
 either com & speke with hem, or els he wuld com to 
 vs at Totnesse ; and, by the said messenger, we vnderstode 
 also that S"^ Arthur Champernoun had bene at Monys- 
 otry with S' Peter Carewe, who had sent for hem, and 
 that they could not there agre together vppon such inter- 
 prices as ennie of them went aboute, the which was, as I 
 vnderstode, consernyng the resystyng of the prynce of 
 Spayne, whereunto the sayed S' Arthur wold not agre, 
 but sent abrode dyvers parisshes that they shuld imbrace 
 the comyng yn of the prynce of Spayne, forasmuche as 
 hyt is nowe certenly knowne that the queues pleasure is 
 to have hem com yn. And, albehyt, I vnderstoode this 
 myoche by the Messenger, yet I sent a seruant of myne 
 about Modbur,' to knowe & serche what S'' Arthur 
 Champernoun went aboute consernyng this mater, by 
 whom I hade certen knolege that hit was true that the 
 messenger had declared vnto me. Where vppon hister- 
 daye, in the mornyng, the Maior of Totnesse & I, with 
 
 the manor of Tor Mohun. He resided at Torwood, and dying 155 — , was buried 
 in Tor MoUun churcli, where a monument to his memory still exists. His 
 grandson, in 1612, was created a Baronet, — in 1616, Baron Eidgway of 
 Galen Eidgway, co. Londonderry, and in 1522 was further advanced to the 
 Earldom of Londonderry, which title became extinct upon the death of the 
 fourth earl in 1713. 
 
 ' Modbury, the scat of Sir Arthur Champernoun. 
 
APPENDIX E. 149 
 
 others, merchauntes of Totnesse, rode vnto Sir Arthur 
 Champernoun, who declared vnto vs that S"" Peter 
 Carewe hade sent for hem to com to Monysotery, & 
 when they mett the mater was consernyng the resystyng 
 of the comynge yn of the prince of Spayne. And that the 
 sayed S"^ Arthur wuld not agre to resyst hem, and told vs 
 that for asmyoche as nowe he knewe the queues pleasure 
 was to haue the prynce of Spayne in toEnglond, that he 
 wuld imbrace the same, & shew hem self obedyent to 
 his pore vnto the quenes pleasure therin, & prayed vs 
 that we wuld not mystrust hem herein. And for that 
 he knew vs to be those persons that wuld fiferder as myche 
 as yn vs lyeth the quenes pleasure in this behalf, that wee 
 wuld joyn with hem, & he with vs, to withstonde all 
 them that went aboute to the contrary to the vttermost of 
 our pores. And, as wee thincke, verely he spake as he 
 ment, and will ernystly do the same, and of this I thought 
 hyt not only good to advertyce your maistershippe, but also 
 to advertyce you of the state of the countre aboute Tot- 
 nesse, & aboute the parties where I dwell, & that the 
 people be yn good quyett, & well contented with the 
 comyng of the prynce of Spayne, (except be a fewe per- 
 sones) and do mych malygne ayenst suche gentlemen 
 as wuld the contrary. Also I thought good to declare 
 vnto you that the Towne of Totnesse is well fur- 
 nyshed with harnesse, weapons, & other monyssyons for 
 warres. They haue at least too hundred mens harnesse, 
 & they be very trustie subiectes to the queue, and they, 
 of them selffes, & of their ffrends & acquentaunce, 
 theraboute, be able to make a gret number of men to 
 serve the quene. Wherfore, if your maistership vnder- 
 stonde that any gentilmen goo aboute to levy any pore 
 otherwyse then apparteyneth to the dute of there alle- 
 
150 APPENDIX E. 
 
 gaunce, (as pety hyt were they shuld) that your pleasure 
 maye be knowen yn such sorte as you seyme most meyt 
 what is to be don to resist them, so that you maybe sure 
 of a good pore & strength to do the same. And so I ende, 
 and praye our good lord god to send vs quyetnesse 
 amongst our selffs, and your maistership long lyff, with 
 mych wurship. At Torre, the xxiiij*'' of January, 1553. 
 Your Maistershippes to commaunde, 
 
 John Ridgeway. 
 
 No. 5. 
 Articles consernynge the causes of shuttynge ^ stoppynge 
 
 the gates, and watche and warde donne in the Cyte of 
 
 Exceter} 
 
 Fpybste, ther was a common brute spredd thoroughe- 
 oute the whole Cyte, aswell by straungers as by the 
 Inhabytauntes of the Cyttey of Exeter, the wyke next 
 after Cristmas Sessyons last past, that certen gentlemen of 
 Devonshere wold enter ynto the said Cytie, and take the 
 same ynto theyre handes, and wold also order and rule ytt 
 att their plesure, and put vs the Cytyzens from the 
 govemaunce thereof. 
 
 Item. There was a Uke brute sprede yn the same Cytye, 
 att the same tyme, that certen of the saide gentlemen had 
 caused manye privy cottes for the warr to be made yn 
 dyvers secrete places within the seid Cytye, which caused 
 vs of the Cytye to stand in miche dowbte what they 
 yntendyd thereby, forasmyche as we dyd knowe the 
 queenes heighnes to have no warre yn anye place. 
 
 Item. Yn the same wyke, the xvij* of Januarye last, 
 one More, of Cliste, seruante vnto Sir Peter Carew, Knyght, 
 
 ' state Paper Office. Dom. Cor.— No. 14 
 
APPENDIX E. 151 
 
 and a man of Apsam' witli hym, brought ynto the weste- 
 gate of the said Cytye syxe horses laden with harnes and 
 handegunnes, close packed, which the same & his felloe, 
 brought from the Castell of Dartmouthe, and caryed the 
 same throughe the Cytye, as twoo men of the said Cytye, 
 named Jamez Glovyar and John Baron, do testyfye, 
 whiche handled the same harnes. 
 
 Item. The xixt*" of Januarye last, James Poore, servante 
 to Sir Gawen Carewe, Knyght, aboute x or xj of the clock 
 yn the nyght, came to the porter att the southegate of the 
 said Cytie, after that the Queenes Ofiycers had made a 
 prevye sertche yn that parte of the cytye the same nyght, 
 and offred the said porter ij^ yn money to lett hym owte 
 att the same gate : ffor, he saide that there was a shyppe 
 that taryed for hym, and that he must neddes passe over 
 the sea yn the same shippe ; which was but fayned by hym, 
 for the said Jamez was here, yn Exeter, the xxij of 
 Januarye then next followynge. 
 
 Item. The xxii* of Januarye last, a laky of Sir Gawen 
 Carew's, yn the nyght of the same daye, declared vnto a 
 man of our Cytie, ridyng betwene Honytonsclyste & Rock- 
 bear, that on ffrydaye ngyht last past, after shuttynge 
 of the cytye gattes, hys master. Sir Gawen Carew, went 
 out over the walles of the said Cytie yn his bowtes, and from 
 thens vnto John Christophers house at Stoke, and for that 
 his bowtes greevyd hym he cutt them vpon the waye, and 
 then the seid Sir Gawen rode from the seid Cristofers vnto 
 Mr. Gybbes ys house, and so from thens vnto Mounes 
 Oterye, and this lakey sayde he followed hym all the waye. 
 
 Item. The same lakye saidd then, also, that there ys 
 like to be a besye worlde, for the saide my master hath 
 sent me now to my ladj^e, my mastres, with letters that she 
 
 ' Topsham, 3 miles from Exeter. 
 
153 APPENDIX E. 
 
 must make spede to make redy hys harnes att Exceter, 
 and that she shold cause hytt to be caryed out of the Cytye 
 ynto the Subberbes, there, yn hand baskettes, by parcells, 
 and farther, he sayed, bycause no man shuld fynde 
 the letter which I caryed, my Master caused the sawle of 
 my shooe to be ripped, and there putt yn the letter, and 
 he delyuered me another letter also, whiche was putt yn 
 the lappe of my Coote, which bare no chardge. 
 
 Item. The xx*'' of Januarye last, aboute mydnyght, a 
 lakey of Sir Peter Carewes came ffrom Sir Thomas Deneys 
 with a letter to his master ynto the Westgate of the said 
 Cytye, and the same Lakye declared to the Porter of the 
 same gate, and to one other man, that my lorde of Devon- 
 shire' came ynto Monesoterye this present wike, yn a nyght, 
 aboute the mydnyght, wythe twoo seruantes with hym. 
 
 Item. The xxij* daye of Januarye last, at nyght, a 
 man of the contrey named John Smythe, about xj of the 
 clok the same nyght, att Stretwoodhedd, and at the 
 
 1 Edward Courteuey, 12th Earl of Devon, only son of Henry Earl of 
 Devon and Marquis of Exeter, by Gertrude, daughter of William Blunt, 
 Lord Mount] oy. Earl Henry was the son of Sir William Courteney, Knt., 
 by the Princess Katherine of York, seventh daughter of King Edward IV. 
 He was attainted and executed, 1539, and the young Edward committed to 
 the Tower, where he remained until the accession of Queen Mary, who, in the 
 first year of her reign, set him, and other prisoners, at liberty, and restored 
 him to the dignity of Earl of Devon. It is said the queen designed to marry 
 him, but he shewed a preference for her sister Elizabeth. He was accused by 
 Bishop Gardiner of being concerned in this conspiracy, and was, as well as the 
 Princess Elizabeth, committed to the Tower. He was soon after liberated, 
 and from his royal descent, was proposed by the council as a fit husband 
 for the queen. When Her Majesty's marriage with Pliilip of Spain was 
 determined on, he obtained leave to travel, and died at Padua, on the 18th 
 September, 1556. «. -p. On his death the ancient earldom of Devon became 
 extinct in the Courteney family, until revived in 1831, in the person of 
 William Viscount Courteney, the lineal descendant of Sir William Courteney, 
 of Powderham, mentioned note 1. pnge :^5. 
 
APPENDIX E. 153 
 
 hyher parte of tlie hethe, att the ffeer myle^ he saw yn 
 twoo companyes xiiij persones on horsebacke, yn stylle 
 saddells, vij of them yn a company, whereupon he, beynge 
 in feare of them, rodde from the saime waye ynto a lane 
 thereby, where he mette with iij of Master Gybbes ser- 
 uantes on horsebacke also, of whiche one, namyd Saunders, 
 sayde to this Smythe : Syr, I knowe the well y noughe, 
 and so brought hym to the other xiiij, nyght by the galloes 
 there apon the hyll toppe, where they serchyd his bodye, 
 bowttes, and also his saddell for letters. 
 
 Apon the bruttes & other causes before wryten, and 
 also, for and vppon other sundry consyderacions, on the 
 ffrydaye nyght, beynge the xix*'' of Januarye last past, the 
 queues levtenaunt, and other her Offycers of the said Cytye, 
 then made a prevy sertche thoroughe the wholle Cytye for 
 mysdemeanors^ and suspecte persons, within the same 
 Cytye. 
 
 Item. The next nyght then folowynge, beynge the 
 nyght of the xx* of Januarye, the said Levetenaunte, 
 and other the said officers, caused watche and ward to be 
 had within the said Cytye in the Queues Ma*'^^ behalff, 
 for the savegarde of her said Cytye, whiche is there con- 
 tynuallye vsed. 
 
 Item. To remember that the walles of the Castell of the 
 said Cytye ar very gretlye decayed, to the grete daunger 
 of the same Cytye. 
 
 John Blackealleb,' letunett. William Hurst.^ 
 John Bulle. John Mydwynter.* 
 
 Per me, Walter Staplehy^bt/,' Rec. 
 John Peter.* John Dyer.' 
 
 Indorsed. — The articles sent from the cytey of Exeter. 
 
 ' Those guilty of misdemeanors. 
 
 " John Blackaller was a merchant in Kxeter, and became a member of 
 
154 APPENDIX E. 
 
 the corporation a short time before 1520. He served the office of mayor in 
 1530, 1536, 1548, and 1550. At the dose of his mayoralty of 1548, upon 
 the attack of the rebels upon the city, he behaved vrith great firmness, and 
 called upon his brethren to support him, which they did, although a large 
 number of them were papists. He is styled " Lyuetinent" in 1560. Died 
 1562. 
 
 On the 20th May, 1549, John Blackaller, John Mydwynter, and four 
 others, became purchasers of the fee of St. Nicholas Abbey, in Exeter, which 
 they afterwards transferred to the corporation. 
 
 ' WUliam Hurst, only son of Robert Hurst, of Modbury, Co. Devon, by 
 Joan, daughter and heir of WiUiam Eivel, of Stonyford. He was a mem- 
 ber of the corporation of Exeter in 1512, and was five times mayor of 
 that city : viz., 1524, 1535, 1545, 1551, and 1561. He married Julian, 
 daughter of John Bere, of Huntsham and Bagtor, and dying in 1568, aged 
 96, left issue two sons called William and John, the latter had become a mem- 
 ber of the corporation in 1547. William Hurst and his immediate descendants 
 acquired considerable estates in the county of Devon, which, upon the failure 
 of heirs male, passed to the fanulies of Bodley and Martyn. A portrait 
 of William Hurst is preserved in the council chamber of Exeter. 
 
 * John Mydwynter was a Spanish merchant, and was born in Ottery St. 
 Mary. His father was a dyer. He became a member of the corporation 
 about 1526, was appointed receiver in 1540, and served the oflace of mayor 
 in the years 1547, and 1555. He built the httle conduit in Southgate 
 Street, and amended and enlarged the footpath in Nothernhay. He was a, 
 supporter of the reformed religion, but has left the character of having been 
 a harsh, overbearing, proud, and malicious man. He died, 1578. 
 
 ' Walter Staplehill, was a member of an old and respectable family in 
 the Co. of Devon, which held property of the same name in the parish of 
 Ashton, and they resided for some generations in that parish, at a place 
 called Bramble. Walter Staplehill became a member of the corporation of 
 Exeter in 1552, filled the office of Receiver in 1553, and Mayor in 1556. In 
 the following year he was elected to represent the city in Parhament. He 
 married Amy daughter of . . . Gale, of Crediton, and widow of Thomas 
 Spurway, of Exeter, and dying in 1562, left a general good chai-acter, both 
 as regards his pubUc and private life. He was a zealous supporter of the 
 Reformed reUgion. 
 
 s John Peter resided at Bowlay, (Bowhay ?) near Exeter, and repre- 
 sented that city in Parliament at this time. He married his cousin 
 Wilmot, daughter of John Peter, Esq., of Tor Kewton, and sister of Sir Wil- 
 liam Petre, Secretary of State, (see note 2, p. 181) and died in 1579, leaving 
 numerous issue. John Peter, his eldest son, was M.P. for Dai-tmouth in 
 the same parliament in which his father represented Exeter. 
 
APPENDIX E. 155 
 
 No. 6.' 
 
 The declaracion of John Prediaux/' of Upton Pyne, for 
 and concernyng suche rumours, actes, and thinges, as he 
 knoweth to be latelie bruted ^ don within the Quenes 
 highnes Countie of Devon. 
 
 first. Apon Mondaye night next before the esspeciall 
 gaole delyneriej holden within the Castell of Exeter, before 
 the feaste of the natyuytie of our Lord Godde last past, 
 before S"" Thomas Dennys, Knight, Sir Roger Bluett,' 
 
 The family of Peter has been long seated in Devonshire and Cornwall ; 
 and is now represented by William Peter, Esq,, of Harlyn, in the latter 
 connty, (acquired by the marriage of Thomas Peter with the heiress of 
 Mitchell) now Her Majesty's Consul for the State of Pensylyania, in North 
 America. 
 
 ^ John Dyer was a member of the corporation of Exeter before this time, 
 aud served the office of Sheriff in 1561. Under date of the 27th September, 
 1563, it is recorded, " For as much as John Dyer, a member of this house, 
 is gone out of the house and tliis company, refiisinge to be a brother of the 
 same, therefore, partly at the suite of the said John Dyer, and partly for 
 other considerations, they have dismissed the said John Dyer, and have 
 assessed him in a fine of five mai-ks for his said departure." 
 
 • State Paper Office, Dom. Cor. — Original. 
 
 - John Prideaux, Sergeant-at-Law, resided originaEy at Nutwell, near 
 Lympstone ; married Mary, daughter of Lewis Stukely, of Uffeton, Esq., and 
 relict of Tristram Lardner, of Pynes, Esq., in whose right it is supposed he 
 acquired possession of the latter place. 
 
 3 Sir Eoger Bluet, of Holcombe, descended from the Bluets, lords of 
 Eaglan. John Bluet acquired Holcombe Et^us in the 15th eentmy, by 
 marriage with a co-heiress of Chiselden. His ancestors had married heir- 
 esses or co-heiresses of Eaglan, Greenham, and Beaupeny. Eichard Bluet, 
 great-grandson of this John, had two sons. Sir Eoger, his heir, died, 
 1566. Arthur, great-grandson of Sir Eoger, marrie J an heiress of Lancaster. 
 Tlie elder branch of the direct line became extinct in 1636, by the death of 
 his son, John Bluet, Esq., whose daughters and co-heirs married Jones, 
 Wallop, Lenthall, and Bassett. John, the son of Francis (a younger son of 
 Arthur), who was killed at the siege of Lyme in 1644, dying s. p. in 1700, 
 the elder line was supposed to be extinct, and he bequeathed his estates to 
 
 T 
 
156 APPENDIX E. 
 
 Knight, Sir John Cheohester, Knight,' Sir Richard Chyd- 
 ley. Knight," & the said John Prediaux, there was secret 
 intellygence geuen to M'^. Dennys & to me by one 
 Wichehalls, M^ Dennys seruaunt, dwelling at Chidley, 
 in Devon, that one Thomas Hawse of Exeter was sent to 
 S"^ Thomas Pomerie, Knight,' being a symple gente, (but 
 by whom Wichehals could not tell), to know whether the 
 
 Robert Bluet, Esqr., then representative of the Bluets of Golan, in Corn- 
 wall, descended from the younger brother of Sir Roger. 
 
 ^ Sir John Chichester of Raleigh, descended from one of the most eminent 
 families in the county of Devon. In 1433 his ancestor. Sir John de Ciren- 
 cester, was returned by the king's commissioners amongst the principal 
 gentry in the county. The knight referred to in the text, was son of Edward 
 Chichester, Esq., by Elizabeth, daughter of John Bouchier, Lord Pitzwarine 
 and Earl of Bath. He was sheriff of the county in 1552, and again in 1578, 
 and represented it in the Parliaments of 1553, and 1562. He married Ger- 
 trude, daughter of Sir "William Courteney, of Powderham Castle (see note 1, 
 p. 35), by whom he left a numerous issue. His eldest son. Sir John, succeeded 
 him. The 2nd, Arthur, became Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1603, and was 
 raised to the peerage of that kingdom by the title of Baron Belfast, in 1612, 
 and dying without issue, in 1624, his estates passed by Will, to his next 
 brother, Edward, who was created Baron Belfast and Viscount Chichester, 
 and founded the noble house of Donegal. His direct Uneal representative is 
 Sir Arthur Chichester, of Raleigh, and from him are also descended Sir 
 Arthur Chichester, of Green Castle, in the county of Donegal, and Sir John 
 Palmer Bruce Chichester, of Arlington in the county of Devon. 
 
 '^ Sir Richard Chidley, of Ashton, son of WiUiam Chidley of the same 
 place, by Joan, daughter of Su- WiUiam Hodge. Sir Richard married Mary, 
 one of the eleven daughters of Sir Lewis Pollard of Kuig's Nimpton (see 
 note 3, p. 162). He was sheriff of Devon in 1552. 
 
 ' Sir Thomas Pomeroy, son of Sir Edward Pomeroy, of Berry Pomeroy, 
 CO. Devon, by Jane, daughter of Sir John Sapcote, Knt. He was one of the 
 leaders in the rebellion of 1649. He managed to save his life, probably 
 because he was of weak intellect, but suffered so severely in his estate as to 
 prove the ruin of his family, which had been before this time esteemed one of 
 the first in the county of Devon, both for antiquity and opulence. He 
 married Jane, daughter of Sir Piers Edgcomb, of Cothele Co. Cornwall, and 
 left issue, Thomas. 
 
APPENDIX E. 157 
 
 said M''. Pomerie wold assent to the Landing of the Kinge 
 of Spayne in Deuon or not, with this manner of demand, 
 or with the like matter of substans {sic) in effect he was 
 apposed, who aunswered that he wold not meddell in that 
 matter ; apon which inteUigens so geuyn to M'. Dennys 
 and me, we determyned, the next daye to speke with S"^ 
 John Chechester, and to charge hym, apon his dutie of 
 aUeigaunce to the Quenes maiestie, to declare if he, or anye 
 other whiche he knewe, had determyned to make anye 
 resistens ayenst the Kinge of Spayne if he shuld land in 
 that Countrie ; or if he knewe of anye broile that was in- 
 tendyd in that Countrie for anye manner of purpose; 
 and the cause why he was demanded the question, & none 
 other, was, bycause he was a man of more truste then anye 
 other that was suspected, as the said S' Thomas Dennys & 
 I thought, and had gretest possessions within the shire, 
 which by common prutens shuld refrayne any man to do 
 anye wicked dede. And the said S"^ John Chechester aun- 
 swered that he ment not, nor knewe not of anye RebeUyon 
 pretendyd, ne of anye man that wold withstand the landinge 
 of the Kinge of Spayne, if the Queues Ma*'« pleasure were 
 that the Kinge of Spayne shuld land there, and, therefore, at 
 that tyme, there was no more don. 
 
 In the crismas, viz., S*. Stephyns daye, or S*. Johns 
 daye, erlie in the mornyng, came xij or there aboutes of 
 my neghbours of Silverton, being the parishe where in 
 M"^. Gybbes dwellithe, & they compleyned to me of a 
 crosse of latten, and of an aulter clothe, stolen oute of the 
 churche before that tyme, & that the crosse was set up 
 apon a gate, or a hedge, by the waye,^ where the pycture of 
 
 ' On the top of a hill, about two miles from Silverton, is a place called 
 " Cris-Cross" (Chiist's-Cross.) Can this name have been derived from 
 the outrage mentioned in the text ? 
 
 T 3 
 
158 APPENDIX E. 
 
 Xpe was dressed with a paste, or suche like tyre, & the 
 pictures of our ladie & S*. John tyed by thredes, or suche 
 Uke thinges, to the arme of the crosse, like theves, whereat 
 I marvailed, asking of them whether they suspected anye 
 man, and they said they could not certaynlye suspecte no 
 man, but they juged verie ill of one Helmor, within the 
 parishe; whereapon I willed some of them to repaire 
 to M^ Dennys and shewe hym of yt, & some to repaire 
 home to learne as myche as they could ayenst the frydaye 
 folowing, & then to mete me at Exeter, at which tyme 
 they repaired vnto me, and shewed me that M"^. Dennys 
 plesure was that I shuld examyn the matter hooHe, as 
 thoughe he were presente, & then, in asking of questyons of 
 them, one henrye horton, who before tyme was hurte by 
 M"". Gybbes seruaunte, said that I & my neighbours dare 
 not to serche oute this matter for feare of M"^. Gybbes, & 
 I, for my parte, dare not for feare of more hurte ; and then 
 I willed them that they shuld learne privylye asmyche as 
 they could, & to aduertise me thereof, secretley, & then I 
 wold, with the aduyse of M'. Dennys, seke remedye for 
 them ; & sithen that tyme I herd no more of them, but 
 most trewe yt is that the Crosse was so abused, & I, 
 with vile wordes for that cause reproued by the said M"^. 
 Gibbes, as I will dewlie proue. 
 
 In the crismas tyme, and after, vntill the tewesdaye 
 after the fest of the Epiphanye of our lord godde, there 
 grewe dyuers Kumours that the Kinge of Spayne shuld 
 land in Deuon with a grete navye and a grete puyssauns, 
 and S"^ Thomas Dennys and I came to Exeter, the mon- 
 daye before the Sessyons, & then, by appoynctment of M'^. 
 Dennys, dyd suppe with Master HolwelP one of the Chan- 
 John Holwell was a Canon of the Cathedral of Exeter in 1550. He 
 
APPENDIX E. 159 
 
 nons of Exeter, where dyd suppe also M'. Doctor More- 
 man/ M"^. Southern/ Treasorer of the Cathedrall Churche, 
 M''. Gregorie, & M"^. Smarte, & at the myddes of Supper, 
 came yn one of the vycars, & so passed the tyme at 
 Supper, & after supper endyd there was declaracion made 
 to S"^ Thomas Dennys, in the presens of M''. Moreman, 
 M"". Southern, M'. Holwill, & of me, John Prediaux, that 
 S"" Gawen Carewe shuld cause harnes to he made in the 
 Crismas tyme, yn the Deans house there, & that it was to 
 be feared, that yt was rather to prepare yt ayenst a 
 tumulte rather then otherwise ; at which tyme M"". Dennys 
 saied, I herd so myche spoken this daye where I dyned 
 by the Mayres deputie & the old M"". Hurste i^ whereapon 
 yt was agreed that every man then presente : viz. 
 
 was an inveterate Papist, and a great opposer of Symon Haynes, who died 
 1550. See note 1, p. 111. 
 
 ' Dr. John Moreman was bom in the paiish of Hartland, in the extreme 
 north of Devon. He entered at Exeter College, Oxford, 1504 ; B.A., 1508 ; 
 M.A., 1508 ; D.D., 1529. He was a very learned divine, and, having been 
 instituted to the vicarage of Menheniot, in Cornwall, is said to have been 
 the first who taught his parishioners the Creed, Lord's Prayer, and Ten Com- 
 mandments in the English tongue, in which he didy catechised them. Not- 
 withstanding this, he still adhered to the old religion, and was consequently 
 imprisoned during the whole of the reign of King Edward VI. On the 
 accession of Mary he was set at liberty, and soon afterwards became Dean 
 of Exeter. In Convocation, held at Westminster, on October 10th, 1553, 
 a disputation took place by the Queen's commandment, when Dr. Moreman 
 was selected by the Prolocutor (Dr. Weston) to answer the objections and 
 argnments against the doctrine of Transubstantiation proposed by Mr. 
 Cheney, Archdeacon of Hereford. Dr. Moreman died at Menheniot in 
 October, 1554. Dr. Moreman, whilst at Menheniot, was an instructor of 
 youth, and John Hooker (who has given an account of him in his Syn. 
 Devon) received his education from him. 
 
 ^ Thomas Southern, Treasurer of Exeter Cathedral, was collated 8th of 
 May, 1531, and died, 1557. 
 
 ^ WUHam Hurst, at this time eighty-one years of age. His son, John 
 Hurst, was also a member of the Corporation. See note 3, p. 154. 
 
160 APPENDIX E. 
 
 M'. Dennys, M'. Moreman, M'. Southern, M'. Holwyll, 
 & I Jolm Prediaux, shuld learne by suche secret wayes & 
 meanes as we could, as well whether anye suche harnyes 
 were made by the said S"". Gawen, as also for what intent 
 that they were made in the crismas rather then at a nother 
 tyme, and also we agreed that forasmyche as the Mayor 
 of Exeter^ & his bretherne, were of seuerall Religions 
 that M^ Blackaller, the Mayors Deputie, & M"^. Hurste, 
 being knowen to be of a good catheholike faythe, shuld 
 haue good respect to the keping af the said Cytie. And 
 yt was further then spoken that S"^. Peter Carewe, S"^. 
 Gawen Carewe, and S"^. Giles Strangeways,' of Dorset- 
 shire, wolde lye in Exeter, for the which the matter was 
 the more susspected, and so euerie man, for that night, 
 departed to his lodging. On the tewesdaye, being the 
 daye of the sessyons, S'. Peter Carewe, S"^. Gawen Carewe, 
 S'". John Chichester, S"^. Arthure Champernoun, shewed 
 S' Thomas Dennys & me that there was a grete rumore, 
 in all parties of the shire of the Countie of Deuon, that 
 if the Kinge of Spayne shuld lande there that it shuld be 
 a great distraccon to the Countree. Wheareapon the 
 said S"^ Thomas Dennys aunswered, that if the Queues 
 
 ' AVilliam Smith was mayor tnis year. He was by occupation a gold- 
 smith, and is described in the city records as " a most inveterate papist, and 
 an enemye to all such as were known or suspected to be true professors of the 
 ghosple. As was his reUgion, so were his companions, for dayly he would be 
 yn company with the Treasurer Southren at bowlinge, and with Blaxton 
 and freer Gregorye." 
 
 2 Sir Giles Strangeways, of Melbury, Co. Dorset, son of Henry 
 Strangeways (who was killed at the siege of Boulogne during the life of his 
 father. Sir Giles Strangeways the elder), by Margaret, daughter of George 
 Manners, Lord Roos. He married Joan, daughter of John Wadliam of 
 Merifield, sister and co-heir of Nicholas Wadham, by whom he acquired 
 a considerable estate in addition to his ancestral possessions. He died 1562. 
 
APPENDIX E. 161 
 
 Maiesties plesure were that if the Kinge of Spayne and 
 his power shulde lande there yt were no subiectes parte 
 to let yt ne defend' jt, but to be therewith contentyd, 
 lyke a subiect j then the said S"^ Peter Carewe sayed, yet 
 let vs advertise the Quenes highnes of this Rumor, and 
 we can no less do, considering that wee are put in truste 
 here in this Countree for the kepiiig of the Quenes high- 
 nes peas. Whereapon M"^ Dennys and I dyd penne a letter 
 which nothing lyked them, but they said they wolde penne 
 a letter, which letter, when M"^ Dennys & I dyd see, wee 
 vtterlie denyed yt, and thereapon I desired M"^ Ridgeway 
 to be sent for, who agreed with the opynyon of M"" Dennys 
 & me, & thereapon M' Ridgewaye was desyred to penne 
 the letter to the Quenes highnes that wensdaye night, that 
 the next daye the Justices of the peas then presente in 
 the citie shuld consulte thereapon at the Chapytre house, 
 at which daye, after dynner, they mette at the Chapytre 
 house, where, also, aboute iij of the clocke I came, & 
 subscribed my name to the letter, then ment to be sent 
 to the Quenes Ma^i" ; but what manner of consultacion 
 they, vsed in the Chapitre house, or what manner of speche 
 they then vsed to the people, or for what cause there were 
 any more people there then Justices of peas, I knowe 
 not; for my Lorde Bisshop of Exeter,'' with whom I 
 dyned that daye, requyred me to tarie withe hym, and to 
 
 ' Resist. 
 
 ^ John Voysey, alias Harman, was installed Dean of Windsor, 1515 , 
 and in 1519, by Papal Provision, Bull dated 31st Augnat, appointed Bishop 
 of Exeter, which office he resigned 1551. Upon the deposition of Miles ■ 
 Coverdale, he was again installed 28th September, 1553, and died 23rd 
 October, 1551, at a great age, at More Place, in Co. Warwick, and was there 
 buried. He was Chaplain and Dean of the Chapel to King Henry VIII, 
 and had been employed by him in many honourable employments abroad in 
 embassies. He was also governor to the Princess Mary, when she was the 
 King's only daughter, and styled Princess of Wales. Strype speaks very 
 slightingly of him, and says he was seldom resident in his diocese, and 
 
162 APPENDIX E. 
 
 shewe hym myne aduyse in a matter that fell apon the pre- 
 sentacon of dyuers persons to the vicaraige of Northeham, 
 in Deuon, then beiag voyde, whereof the Quenes Ma*'* 
 presented one, the Dean of Wynsor^ another, & an Es- 
 traunger the thirde person; aboute which matter I taryed 
 with my Lorde Bisshop an hour & more, & after I was 
 busied with other of my owne affayres ; namelie, with one 
 Manlie for an interest of a comon in halberton, which, 
 before this tyme, was put to the indifferent hyringe of 
 S"" John Seyntleger, Knight, & S'' Eoger Bluet, and 
 also with Norcot of Kyrto,' for & consernyng his assur- 
 ances for land that he bought of S' Hugh Pollard, Knight.' 
 Mem. that apon thewensdaye night knowlege camefrom 
 London to Exeter that the Kinge of Spayne shold land 
 at Portesmouthe, & that the right honorables my Lordes 
 
 attributes his absence as one of the chief causes of insurrection in 11)49. 
 Dr. Moreman acted as his coadjutor upon his restoration to the see in 1553. 
 — Strype, Mem., vol. ii., p. 423. 
 
 1 The Dean of Windsor, at tliis time, was Owen Olgethorp, who, from 
 a canonry, was installed Dean in 1553, and in 1556 was made Bishop of 
 Carlisle, of which he was deprived in 1559, and died not long afterwards. 
 He was the first Dean of Windsor, who enjoyed the office of Eegistrar of 
 the Most Noble Order of the Garter, which before that time had always 
 been held by one of the Canons. 
 
 2 The ancestors of Sir Stafford Northcote formerly resided at Hayne, 
 in the parish of Crediton, often called Kirton. 
 
 ' Sir Hugh Pollard, of King's Nimpton, near Ohmnleigh, Co. Devon, 
 eldest son of Sir Lewis Pollard, one of the Justices of the Common Pleas in 
 the reign of Henry VIII, by Agnes, daughter of Thomas Hext, of Kingston, 
 near Totnes, by whom he had eleven sons and eleven daughters. Several of 
 the sons of Sir Lewis Pollard attained the honour of knighthood, viz.. Sir 
 Hugh, Sir John, Sir Richard, and Sir George. The latt«r won his spurs 
 by his stout defence of Boulogne. Sir Hugh Pollard married Elizabeth, 
 daughter and heir of John Vawtort, of Lawrence Chst, and had issue Lewis, 
 an eminent lawyer. The family continued at King's Nimpton for five 
 generations. There were three Knights and two Baronets in a direct line, 
 the last of whom. Sir Hugh, greatly distinguished himself in support of the 
 King in the Civil Wars, and was, at the restoration, appointed to the office 
 of Comptroller of the King's Household. 
 
APPENDIX E. 163 
 
 of Bedford^, my Lord Paget/ & my Lord of London/ 
 were appoynted by tlie Quenes Mat'" to be her graces 
 ambassadors to the Kinge of Spayne, & that they^ with 
 all spede, wolde take shipping at Portesmouthe, where- 
 apon yt was agreed that the said letter, so ment to be 
 sent to the Quenes ma*'^, shuld not go fourthe, which 
 lettre remaynethe in M' Chechesters handes. And then 
 yt was agreed to aduertise the Quenes most honorable 
 priuye Councell of these doyenges, and of the brutes that 
 came in the Countrie, whereunto my hand is, & I dyd first 
 drawe yt, but yt was after amendyd in dyuers places, with 
 the consentes of all them whos names are subscrybed in 
 the letter. Also, apon wednesdaye laste, being the xvif" 
 daye of Januarie, I came from my house to Exeter, & 
 there dyned with the said M"^ Doctor Moreman, & after 
 dynner departed, promysyng hym and Blaxstone, Sub- 
 dean of Exeter, then present, that suche newes as I herd 
 I wolde aduertise them of from tyme to tyme, & so de- 
 parted that night to honyton, where Thomas Prediaux 
 declared to Copleston, my seruante, that the said last 
 wensdaye at dyner tyme, my Lorde of Deuon was come, 
 with one seruante, to Mounsoterye, S"" Peter Carewes house, 
 & was brought by S' Peter Carewe into his lodge, & 
 
 1 John Lord Kussell, created Earl of Bedford, 1550. See note 1, 
 p. 26. 
 
 2 See note 1, p. 63. 
 
 ' Edmund Bonner, Bishop of London, was an able and learned, but 
 violent and cruel man. He was in great favour with Henry VIII, during 
 whose reign he held several ecclesiastical preferments, and by whom he was 
 employed, on many occasions, in important state affairs. In 1532, and 
 again in 1533, he was sent as ambassador to the Pope, relative to the King's 
 divorce from Katharine of Arragon. He was also sent ambassador to the 
 Kings of Denmark and Prance, and to the Emperor Charles V, at which 
 latter court he was at the time of the King's death. In 1539 he was 
 elected Bishopof Hereford, but before consecration was translated to London. 
 He was very zealous on the part of the King, in his quarrel with the Pope, 
 
164 APPENDIX E. 
 
 conveyed thither mete vnto hym. And, fourthewith, my 
 seruante shewed me of yt, & then I sent my semante for 
 the said Thomas Prediaux, who came to me, & declared 
 asmyche as he before dyd saye to my seruante ; where- 
 apon 1, douting this sodayn rumor, wrote my letter, 
 incontynentlie, to the said M'. Blaxtone, declaring what 
 I had herd, & by whom, & thereapon I desired hym, in 
 anye wise, to partycypate that my newes, with all spde, 
 with M"". Moreman & M"^. Southern, & to send to M'. 
 Dennys that he shuld, with spede, repaire to the Citie of 
 Exeter, & send for S' Richard Edgecomb, Knight,' & for 
 his owne Sonne in lawes,^ & to come with all his power to 
 the Citie & to garde yt sauelye whatsoeuer should happen. 
 
 per me John Predyaux, 
 
 No. 7. 
 Sir Thomas Dennys to the Lords of the Council.' 
 May it please your right honorable Lordshippys to 
 wete,* that appon the recept of the quenys ma*'^' letters 
 for the apprehencon of Sir Peter Carewe, Knight, con- 
 but seems never to have been sincere in promoting the Reformation. On 
 the accession of Edward VI he scrupled to take the oath of supremacy, 
 and having during the whole of that reign offered a passive resistance to the 
 changes in religion, in October, 1549, he was deprived of his Bishopric. Soon 
 after the accession of Queen Mary, viz., September, 1553, he was restored. 
 In 1559 he was a second time deprived, and afterwards lived in confinement 
 until his death, which happened on the 5th September, 1569. He was 
 buried in St. George's Church, Southwark. 
 
 ' Sir Richard Edgecombe, eldest son of Sir Piers Edgecombe, of Cotebele, 
 in Cornwall, by Jane, daughter and heir of Stephen Dm-nford, of East 
 Stonehouse. Sir Richard was Sheriff of Devon, 1544, and again in 1553. 
 He served the same office for Cornwall. He built the family mansion at 
 East Stonehouse, called from him Mount Edgecombe, which is still the chief 
 residence of his descendant the Earl of Mount Edgecombe. 
 
 2 Sir Thomas Deny's sons in law were Sir John Fulford, of Pulford, 
 Knight, and George Kirkham, of Blackdon, Esq. 
 
 ' State Paper Office. Dom. Cor. — No. 16. 
 
 ^ Know. 
 
APPENDIX E. 165 
 
 siderjmg his housse stronge for spere & shelde, thoff y 
 
 shuld assaute the same with power of the quenys suhiectes, 
 
 who haue nother hanys ne wepons sythens the last co- 
 
 mossoiij euery man then heyng commonded by my lord 
 
 liefftemite to bryng all their harnys & wepons into the 
 
 Citie of Exceter, where they do yet remayne. M"". Seriaunt 
 
 & I thoughe without Batry peces^ which we do lacke, 
 
 shuld nott avaUl to geue assaute. And thoff we hadde 
 
 such ordynans the erthe is so depe & wete whereby they 
 
 koude nott be conueyed. WhereforCj for asmuche as I 
 
 hadde a letter from Sir Peter the day next before the 
 
 recept of the quenys letters, wherby may apper vnto your 
 
 lordshippes by the same his letters, hauyng knowlege 
 
 that y hadde commondement to attache hym, he wold 
 
 come to me at aU tymes, theruppon I signyiyed vnto hym 
 
 the quenys pleasur & commondement, commondyug hym, 
 
 in her graces name, to be with me at Exceter the day 
 
 foloyng att teen of the clock before noune, who came 
 
 nott accordyng, butt hath wryten vnto me that he is 
 
 departed towardes the cort with all spede. Other newya 
 
 therebe which y referr to the reporte of M'. Seriaunt & 
 
 the byll of articles directed to your lordshippes from the 
 
 mayor, leifftenaunt of Exceter. Written the xxv*** Januarij. 
 
 Your lordshippes to commonde 
 
 Thomas Denys. 
 
 No. 8. 
 
 Sir John Si. Leger to the Lords of the Council.'^ 
 
 Pleasithe it your honerable Lordshipes to be advertysed 
 
 That for lacke good post horses, and by reason of the 
 
 depenis of the wayes, I came to Sherborne on Saterday at 
 
 nyght, from whense, be cause I woolde prevely, and 
 
 assuredly, vnderstande, aswell Thestate of my countrey, 
 
 ' State Paper Office. Dom. Cor. — No. 26. 
 
166 APPENDIX E. 
 
 also of S'' Petur Carewes howse, (beyng nere vnto the 
 stright way towardes Exetter) sent one of my men by 
 Charde and honyngton to Exetter, and so departede to 
 my howse* by another parte of the Shere, where I was 
 by Sunday by none, and forthwith sent for Sir Roger 
 Bluet, (my neigh neighbour) whome I founde the Queues 
 heighnes assuxede, and one William Courtney her heighnes 
 seruaunte and trustye Subiecte, with dyvers other of my 
 honest and secreat neighbours, and brake with them of 
 the state of the countrey. The which, even according 
 to their reporte, I founde in veray good quyetnes, and 
 dewe obedyence to the queues heighnes and her graces 
 affayres, wherevpon my furder consulting with them I 
 hade perfecte notice that William Gybbes was then 
 newlye come to Sir John Mores,^ being dystante fyve 
 myles from my howse, and S"^ Gawen Carew to be at one 
 John Carewes of Byckley,' nephewe to the same S"^ Gawen. 
 Wherefore I caused S"" Roger Bluet to wryte his letter 
 concerning other secreate affayres between the said John 
 Carewe and hym, that he forthwith, vppon the sight of his 
 
 ' Annery. 
 
 ^ Sir John More, of Morehays, in the parish of Columpton, son of 
 Humphrey More, of that place, by one of the eleven daughters of Sir Lewis 
 Pollard, the Judge (see note 3, p. 162). Sir John More married Katharine, 
 daughter of Sir Thomas Pomeroy, and had issue Humphrey, who married 
 Mary, daughter of Richard Bamfyld, of Poltimore, Esij., and had issue 
 John and others. This Humphrey wasted the estate, and brought the house 
 to a low condition. 
 
 = Son of Thomas Carew, founder of the family, at Bickley, by Elizabeth, 
 daughter and heir of Humphrey Courteney, of that place, the youngest 
 son of Sir Philip Courteney, of Powderham. Mr. Cai'ew died s.p., when 
 the estate devolved upon his half brother Humphrey, whose grandson. Sir 
 Henry Carew, by one of the daughters of Sir Reginald Mohun, of 
 Cornwall, Knight, left two daughters co-heirs, the eldest of whom married 
 Sir Thomas Carew, of Haccombe, Bart., thus uniting the families of Hac- 
 combe and Bickley. 
 
APPKNDIX E. 167 
 
 letters, shulde repayre vnto S' Roger Bluettes howse' the 
 same night or the next mornyng verry tymely, who 
 vppon receipt of the said letters, came the next mornyng 
 accordingly. In talking with hym I burdened hym to 
 he anenymye vnto the quenes heighnes, for that he Re- 
 ceaved and kept S"" Gawen Carewe into his howse, (being 
 well knowen to be anenymye vnto the quenes heighnes) 
 who, for declaracion of his trewthe and Loyaltye, declared 
 that he came vnto hym vnloked for, and as a man, vnto 
 his knowledge, whiche had not ofPended. And, for furder 
 declaracion of his owne trewthe, offered (yf the case so 
 requyred) to delyver his said vncle into my handes. 
 Wherevppon S' Roger Bluet and I, taking with vs of 
 our seruantes and said neighbours the nomber of xxx*' 
 persons (kyping the same John Carewe with vs) Rode 
 stright vnto S'' John Mores howse, where I founde 
 William Gybbes, who, as sone as he sawe me manyfesting 
 vnto hym the quenes heighnes pleasor he very gentilly 
 and peacebley, with out resystaunce, yelded hymself; 
 Declaring vnto me that notwithstanding he knewe his 
 Innocencye, yet, neuertheles, (it) became hym to shewe 
 hymself a subiecte, and wolde do to his dyeing day. 
 And the said S' John More, beyng then in his owne howse, 
 verye quyet, offered his assystaunce, with harte and will, 
 for the save condicion of the said William Gybbes, and 
 ferder to serve the quenes heighnes at all commande- 
 menteSj and so I toke the said William Gybbes with me 
 and rode to Byckelye, where S"^ Gawen Carewe laye, who, 
 of lyke, having intelligence of my commyng mett me, 
 with all humylitie, without the gate, and submytted hym- 
 self, with lyke subrayssion as the said William Gybbes 
 
 ' Holcombe. 
 
168 APPENDIX E. 
 
 hade before don ; and so from thense brought them to 
 Exetter, where I haue them in save kypyng. ffynding the 
 rest of the gentilmen, as fur as hitherto I haue gone, in 
 dewe obbedyence, with all the rest of the [M.S. torn] redye 
 to serve the quenes heighnes at her comaundement agaynst 
 all her enymyes, and vppon sending for S' Hugh Stucley, 
 prepared a hundred men yf nede had or shall requyre, to 
 serve the queue, who mouche Lamentes that the sub- 
 scripcion of his name to the letter shulde cause your 
 honors to stande indowte of his faythfulle aleigence, 
 whiche (as he saithe) mynded not to breake for any thing, 
 submyttyng hymself vnto the quenes clemencye and 
 mercye. Wherefore I most humbley desyre your honors 
 to stande so mouche his good Lordes as to vouchsave 
 that he, by your commaundementes, may be assystaunt 
 vnto me in this the quenes highnes affayres by your 
 good appoyntmentes, whiche shalbe no lyttill comforte 
 vnto hym. And as for thapprehencyon of S'' Arthure 
 Champernoun, I shall with aU. convenyent spede as I may 
 folowe to thuttermost of my power, and of William 
 Thomas' also yf he be not alredye fledde, (as the brute is 
 here he is) vpon whom I haue layed secreat spyall. 
 And as touching the rest of the quenes heighnes affayres 
 as sone as S'^ Richard Edgecomb and S"^ Hugh PoUard 
 may make their repayre vnto me (for whom I haue with 
 all spede sent) doo our endevours therein accordingly, as 
 to our bounden dutyes dothe appertayne, and to yelde 
 vnto her grace the hole Countye of Devon, with the Cytie 
 
 ^ William Thomas was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyhurn, on 
 Friday in Whitsun week, 1564. Thomas was a man of gi'eat abihty, and 
 stood high in the estimation of King Edward VI, for whom he wrote many 
 essays on political subjects, some of which are printed by Strype. He was, 
 however, very violent in his religious opinions. 
 
APPENDIX E. 169 
 
 of Exetter, which standithe all redye in suche good order 
 and assurraunce vnto her heighnes as noman may desyre 
 more better. Manye other Rumores ar bruted here which 
 be to tedyous to be wrytten, whereof this berer can^ and 
 will, make perfecte declaracon at your commaundementes. 
 Besekyng your honors taccept my power and trevre servis 
 herin, and of my ferder successe in this behalf your Lord- 
 shippes shall haue trewe and spedye relacion. Thus God 
 preserue the queues Royall estate, and your honors all. 
 flfrom Exetter the xxisti* of January 1553. 
 
 Youer Lordships to commaunde. 
 
 John Sbntleger. 
 
 No. 9. 
 
 Sir John St. Leger to the Council} 
 
 My dutye reight humbley prespposed vato your 
 honorable Lordships, pleasythe it the same to be adver- 
 tysed of my ferder successe in the quenes heighnes 
 afikyres. Sethen the direccon of my last letters vnto 
 your honors, S' Arthure Champernoun, hering of my being 
 at Exetter, came vnto me, offering hymself to thuttermost 
 of his power, to be redye to serve the quenes heighnes in 
 all her graces affayres, who, as I perceave, also had made 
 lyke offer vnto S"^ Thomas Denys before my comying 
 downe. The whiche notwithstanding, according to the 
 trust reposed in me, I have apprehended, and have him 
 in sure kypyng, purposing, the quenes highnes other 
 affayres fully accomplyshed, to bring both hym and 
 thothers vp vnto your honors, according to my dutye 
 therein. And lyke as in my former letters I signifyed 
 
 ^ State Paper Office. Dom. Cor. — No. 5. 
 
170 APPENDIX E. 
 
 your Lordships of the quyet state of the countres by me 
 then passed and gone, even so have I now lyke cause 
 (praysed be God) to do noles vniuersallye to this hole 
 countye, fynding euery man to his habylitie, as redye to 
 serve the quenes grace in all her affayres, whatsoeuer, as 
 any harte can wyshe. And so Lykewyse, Lovingly and 
 moost yoyfuUy, imbrase thartycles of treatye of her graces 
 mariage, as to ther allegiaunce doth appartayne, even 
 fully determyned and bent (yf occacion requyre) to spende 
 their lyves & Lyvynges at her heighnes commaundemente. 
 fferder to advertys your honors, the quenes heighnes pro- 
 clamacion agaynst the Duke of Suff : and all other his 
 complyces is in these partes with all dexterytie, as well 
 in Churches as Market Townes, published and declared ; 
 and thereby I trust the people putt in suche redynes as 
 to them in that parte belongythe. And forasmouche as it 
 was bruted here that S"^ Peter Carewe, with others, de- 
 parted, prevely, and toke the seas at Waymouth on 
 Twesday night last past, I caused John Graynfyld to 
 make furder inquyre for the trothe thereof and thervpon 
 Receaved aunswere as may appere vnto your honors by 
 his letter hereinclosed. And as touching William Thomas 
 (notwithstanding I haue made due serche and espieall for 
 hym many secreat wayes) I cannott, as yett, attayne any 
 other knowledge but that he went from Mounnesautrey 
 into Wales (as it was thought) too dayes before S'' Petur 
 Carewes departure from the same. And also consulting 
 with certayne gentlemen, and other the quenes faithfull 
 Subiectes, for the better conservacon and defence of the 
 most daungers places nere the sea costes in theise partes, 
 fynde very great cause (for that S"^ Petur Carewe hathe a 
 Castell at the Towne of Dartmouthe and knowithe the 
 countrey, as well by the seas as lande, nere thervnto) to 
 
APPENDIX E. 171 
 
 staye the longer heare. And as I am enformed by 
 credeable reporte that the said S' Petur Carewe hathe 
 often tymes in his keping at his CasteU their, said that yf 
 he were the Kinges enimiey he could gete the forte that 
 the towne hathe theire, and hurne the Towne with fewer 
 then a hundred persons, and lett ynto the haven suche as 
 pleased hym. I, also, am credeabley enformed, the way 
 howe he shuld be able so to do, is. That within a myle, 
 or les, of the said Towne there is a very good and open 
 place, called Blackepoole, for the quenes enymyes to lande 
 and invade, and from thense may come to the said Towne 
 by the backeside, and also burne the Towne, and take the 
 Castell, and the haven, and so to comme in and out when 
 it shall please thenymyes ; as the berer herof can ferder 
 make declaracion. Whervppon we haue taken order for 
 good watche to be kepte at Dartmouthe, and good respecte 
 to be had to the said place at Blackpoole, vntill suche 
 tyme as your pleasors may be knowen what is ferder to 
 be done therin. Trusting your honors will take the same 
 in noles good parte then I have mente them. Thus I 
 wyshe vnto you alle longe lyf with thencrease of vertuus 
 honor, ffrom Exetter the iiij*'' day of this instante 
 ffebruary 1553. 
 
 Yower honors to Commaunde 
 
 John Sentlegek. 
 
 No. 10. 
 
 John Graynfyld to Sir John St. Leger, Sir Thomas 
 Denys, and Sir Roger Bluet} 
 
 Right Worshipfall as your to commaund. I haue 
 examyned John ffursman what intelligens he had of the 
 
 ' State Paper Office. Dom. Cor. — No. 5. 
 
 U 
 
172 APPENDIX E. 
 
 gentilmen that shipped at Waymouth. his aunswere ys 
 that on sondaye last he Rid from Dorchester to Wey- 
 mouthj and by the way he did see ij little vesselles at 
 seae^ being ij Legges from the Shoure. At his coming to 
 Weymouth he Lodged at one Buckleres howse, that married 
 one perce his wife, and, setting at supper, one Edmond 
 Knoplocke, partener of a Shipp with Master Tregunnet 
 and the said Bucker, being in his Company, the said 
 ffursman demanded what the barckes weire that past owt 
 soo late of the haven. And Edmond Knoplocke saide 
 one was a barcke of erringes, and in the other bote wasse 
 passed iij gentilmen j one being a little manne, the other 
 of a meane stature, the third a more longer yong manne. 
 And ferder, the said Edmond Knoplocke declared that 
 he stode by the bote when they shipped themme selffes, 
 and saw one of them haue a chayne of golde abowt his 
 necke, and that he hard one of them say at departing. 
 The King of Spayne wolde come shortely, he shalbe as 
 well barkyd at as ever man was. And ferder, John 
 fursman sayeth, the next morrow he returned to Dor- 
 chester, and one Hughe Reynolde in his company, which 
 saide to the saide ffursman that there had iij gentilmen 
 layne within a litle of Weymouthe the thursday, friday, 
 and saterday, and that they were veary liberall menne ; 
 and more he can not say. Thus the Lorde prosper you. 
 Wr;ften at Dartemouth the third day off february a°. 
 1554. 
 
 Your to commannd 
 
 John Ge/vynfyld. 
 
APPENDIX E, 173 
 
 No. 11. 
 
 Sir Thomas Denys to the Lard Chancellor} 
 
 May yt please your right honorable Lordshippe to 
 wete, there was a Rumor spred concernyng the arryvall of 
 the prynce of Spayne ynto the countye of Deiion wyth a 
 greate numbre of men, to what purpose yt was vnknowen 
 to the most parte of the shyre, wherof I, & other gents 
 were credablye enformed, wee, standyng yn greate feare, 
 thought it good, accordyng to our bounden duetes, to 
 aduertyse the queues maiestie therof by letters, to thentent 
 that by her gracyous letters as well, wee, as all other her 
 louyng subiectes, mought haue ftirther knowledge of her 
 pleasur yn that behalffe, Whervnto as well we & they 
 wold and shalbe moste conformable, as yt apperteyneth to 
 assured faythfull subiectes. Notwithstandyng the reporte 
 made to her grace that wee had sett our handes to a byll 
 to wythstande & defende his graces aryvaU to the vtter- 
 moste, whiche was vntrewe, and no suche thyng mente, 
 nor thought, for the moste parte of vs, other then ys a 
 bove rehersyed, thof some, sithens, have wrought contrary 
 to theyre bounden dutye of allegens, beyng therfore, 
 accordyng to theyre demerytes, proclaymed Traytors; 
 whervppon I haue sent your Lordshippe a Inventory of 
 every mans goodes nowe remaynyng yn theyre bowses, 
 wyth a byll also to whome parte of S"" Peter Carewes 
 goodes ys bestowed, and where the Queues Ma*'^, of her 
 highe clemency and pety, hathe dyrectyd to me her most 
 gracyous letters of comforte, (perceavyng her highnes 
 dothe take my doynges in good parte most humblye ther- 
 fore I do thanke her grace) and shall truyle serue her 
 duryng my Lyffe accordynglie. I thynk a nombre of men 
 
 ' State Paper Office. Dom. Cor. — Vol. iii.. No. 10. 
 TJ2 
 
174 APPENDIX E. 
 
 kane reporte yf I had not byn the cytye of Exceter had 
 byn lately in greate Jobertye of takyng by her graces 
 enemyes. Over this my good Lord her highnes pleasure 
 & commaundment ys, vppon payne of myne allegenSj to 
 advertyse her grace what hathe byn donne, practysed, or 
 seyd, by any other persons emonge vs tochyng this last 
 besenesj whycch thynges also, as farre as I kane heare, or 
 perceave, I have sent youe hereyn closyd, besekyng your 
 Lordshipp to shewe to her grace the same. And as I shall 
 here after further here for trouth and perceave, I shall 
 advertyse her highnes therof from tyme to tyme, as 
 knoweth the holy Trynytie, who preserve your good Lord- 
 shippe yn greate honor & good helth, long to endure. 
 Wryttyn the 5th of ffebruarij . 
 
 your Lordshippes to commaunde 
 
 Thoms Denys. 
 
 An Inventory of all the goodes and Cattelles of Sr 
 Petre Carewe, Knyght, takyn at Moneshotrey the xxwth of 
 January, the fyrst yere of the Raigne of our soueraigne 
 Lady Quene Mary. 
 
 The Parler. 
 
 In Primis — a Table bord wyth ij leaves, 
 
 a Square borde, & ij Jojmed stoolles. 
 
 The Stewardes Chambre. 
 
 Item — a ffetherbed, ij bolsters of ffethers, a peyre of 
 Sheyttes of fyne Canivas, ij Coverlettes of Tapys- 
 tery, a Joyned bedstede, a Tester of damaske wyth 
 Courtyns of Sylke, the hangynges of the same 
 chambre of blacke and yollowe saye, a greate payre of 
 avndyers, and a Joyned Chere. 
 
APPENDIX B. 175 
 
 The Kinges Chambre. 
 
 Item — a Joyaed Bedstede, a Cheare coveryd wyth grene 
 clothe emhrodered. 
 
 Item — a cheaste of gardevyans, a lytle cheaste^ ij Joyned 
 formes, a lytle tahle horde, a peyre of avndyers. 
 
 The Maydens Chambre. 
 Item — a father bed, a bolster of ffethers, a mattres, a Joyned 
 Bedstede, a windowe clothe off Redd and grene saye. 
 
 The YoUowe bedchambre. 
 Item — ii ffetherbeddes, a bolster of ffethers, a pyllowe, 
 ij coverlettes of Tapystery, a payre of wollen blankettes, 
 one payre of Canivas sheyttes, one payre of dowles 
 sheyttes, a Joyned bedstede, iiij pecesofhangyuges of 
 Tapystery, the hangynges of the Kinges Chambre of 
 blacke and yollowe saye. 
 
 Item — one other hangynge of Red and Yollowe saye. 
 The corner Chambre next to the garden. 
 
 Item — affetherbed, a bolster of fethers, a coverlet of Tapys- 
 tery, a wollen blanket, a Joyned bedsteyd, and a 
 Joyned Coberd. 
 
 The Gallery. 
 
 Item — a Spyres Cheaste whereyn ys a cannepie of threyd & 
 payre of Canivas sheyttes, xj payre of Dowles sheyttes, 
 vj long fyne coberd clothes for the parler & horde 
 clothes for the haU, & square clothes for square hordes, 
 whereof one of dyaper, xij coberd clothes, xij ToweUs, 
 wherof one of dyaper, iij dossen vij napkyns. 
 
 The Corner Chambre next to the Barne. 
 
 Item — a Joyned bedstede, a chere coveryd wyth grene 
 clothe, a Wyndowe clothe of blacke and yellowe saye. 
 
176 APPENDIX E. 
 
 The Chambre vndre the Warderoppe. 
 Item — a Joyned bedstede, a cheare coveryd wyth grene 
 clothe, iiij grene clothes of saye for the wyndowes, 
 a shippes cheaste, a payre of avndyers. 
 
 The Warderoppe. 
 
 Item — a payre of barneys, whereof ij for Demylaunces, 
 a square gardevyans cheaste, whereyn is iij Jackes. 
 
 The Chambre over the gayte housae. 
 
 Item — a fetherbed, ij bolsters of fethers, a wollen blanket, 
 
 a coverlet of tapystery, a Joyned bedstede, ij courtyns 
 
 of Redd saye & greane. 
 Item — a Tester of the same, the hangyngs of the same 
 
 chambre of grene saye & Redd, a close stoole coveryd 
 
 wyth greene clothe. 
 
 The Chambre next oner the gayt housse. 
 
 Item — a fetherbed, a bolster of ffethers, ij pyUowes of 
 ffethers, a peyre of ffastoyne blankettes, a peyre fyne 
 of sheyttes, a coverlet of arres, a Tester of whyt and 
 Redd sylke wrought, wyth courteans of sarsenet of 
 whyt and Redd sylke to the same, a Joyned bed- 
 stede. 
 
 Item — one other bed & bolster of ffethers, a payre of 
 sheyttes, a coverlet of Tapystery, a cheare coveryd 
 wyth crymson sattyn embroderyd wyth golde lace, 
 an other cheare coveryd with Red clothe. The chambre 
 hangyd wyth arres, vj wyndow clothes of greane 
 saye, a payre of avndyers. 
 
 The Plate. 
 Item — ij salltes of sylver whereof one ys gylte the other 
 
APPENDIX E. 177 
 
 vngylte, iiij spones of sylver, a stone cuppe coveryd 
 
 wyth sylver, a cover sylver ffor a like cuppe. 
 
 The ChamVre next wythyn the Lodge. 
 
 Item — ij beddes of fethers, one bolster of fethers, ij woUen 
 
 blanketteSj ij peyre of sheyttes, ij sompter clothes. 
 
 The Lodge. 
 
 Item — affetherbedj abolster of ffethers, one woUen blanket, 
 
 a peyre of sheyttes, a coverlet of Tapystery. 
 
 The Chambre vndre the brode Chambre. 
 
 Item — a joyned bedstedde, and parte of the same chambre 
 
 hangyd wyth blacke and yoUowe saye. 
 
 The Kechyn. 
 
 Item — a peyre of Iren Uackes, a yren barre, ij peyre of 
 
 olde yren Rackes, a gredyarne, iiij broches, ii pot 
 
 hangynges, a greate brasse potte, iiij lesser brasen 
 
 potteSj a chaffre of brasse, a grater, a morter, a pestle 
 
 of brasse, v dossen & iij Platters of pewter, ij dossen 
 
 & iij podengers, ix sawsers, a tarte plate, and a brasse 
 
 panne. 
 
 The daye howsse. 
 
 Item — iij brandyses of yren, iiij Tubbes. 
 
 The brewehowsse & bakehowsse. 
 
 Item — a ffornysse, v brewyng vates, a keler. 
 
 The bnttrey. 
 
 Item — a bassen & yower of Tyn, ij pewter pottes, 
 
 xi Candylstyckes of Copper, ij Candylstyckes of Tyn, 
 
 a salte of Tyn, ij square brode clothes, a coberd clothe, 
 
 ij Towelles, v napkyns, a Joyned stools. 
 
 vpon the Bartyn. 
 Item — vppon the Bartyn ther ys Tyllyd xxx*' acres of 
 Wheate. 
 
178 
 
 APPENDIX E. 
 
 What ys become of the horsses hereafter foUoweth: 
 
 ffyrst^ — Delyuered to John Treymayne, by my Ladys 
 Commandementj yn recompens of his seruice and wages, a 
 Rone stone horse. 
 
 Item — delyuered to Toplye, yn recompens of his wages, 
 a amblyng baye geldyng. 
 
 Item — to Coper, by lyke commanndement, a blacke 
 Trottyng geldyng. 
 
 Item — delyuered to Tryvet, of Exceter, one amblyng 
 geldyng, coUer baye, to be kepte to my Ladys vse. 
 
 Item — lent vnto WyUm Gybbes esquyer abaye amblyng 
 geldyng 
 
 Item — Delyuered to one Maunder, my ladys seruant, a 
 graye amblyng nagge, to be kepte to my Ladys vse. 
 
 Item — Delyuered to Browne a baye Trottyng mare, 
 to be kepte to my lydys vse. 
 
 Item — Delyuered to Morgayne, a sorrel amblyng mare, 
 to be kepte to my ladys vse. 
 
 There is also a list of the cattle, which is not considered 
 worth publishing.' 
 
 No. 12. 
 
 Depositions and Statements made by Sir Gawen Carew, 
 John Partington, and William Gyihes? 
 
 Mem. the xxviii day January S'' Gawen Carewe saithe 
 as hereafter foUoweth, yn the presens of S"' John 
 Seyntleyer, and me Thomas Denys, Knyght. 
 
 ' In the Privy Council Register are tlie following entries : — 
 
 At Richemount the xv June 1554. — A h-e to the Sherief of Devon to 
 permytt the Lady Taileboys, wiefe to Peter Carew, to haue the goodes of the 
 said Carew payeng for the same as they are prysed. 
 
 A h'e to to permit tlie Lady Guilforde, wiefe to S' Gawen 
 
 Carewe, to receyve all the proffite and revenues of hir hushandea landes, to 
 employe the same for the releving. of liir self and her husbando. 
 
 ^ State Paper Office. Dora. Cor— No. 10. 
 
APPENDIX E. 179 
 
 ffirst, he saithe that vppon serche made withyn the 
 Citie of Exeter^ the xxv* of Jamiarij, he clymmed over 
 the walles of the said Cittie, abowttes xij of the clocke of 
 the said nyght, and, vppon brute made for his skalynge 
 of the walles, he repaired to Mownesotreyj and there pre- 
 pared hymself, yn armure, with the power of S"^ Peter 
 Carewe and there adherenttes, to the nomber of Ixx men, 
 or therabowttes, as he saithe. 
 
 It. John Poyntyngton, seruante to Robertt Denys, 
 Esquyer, saithe that the same nyght that the said S"" 
 Gawen skaled the walles of the said citie of Exeter he 
 came a foote iij myles to one Christopher his howse of 
 Stoke, his Servante, abowtte ij of the clocke yn the 
 mornynge, and there he borrowyed boottes, and a horse to 
 ride with, and so rode to WyUyam Gibbes howse. And 
 afterwardes he sent backe his lakey for the same John 
 Poyntyngton to com and speke with hym, to whom he 
 went, and the said S"^ Gawen wylled hym to go with hym 
 and take suche partt as he dyd, whiche to do he refused, 
 saynge he had a M^ whom he woold serve when he was 
 commaundyd. Then the sayd S"" Gawyne desired hym to 
 make hym matches for his gunnes, and so he dyd, after 
 which tyme he desired the said Poyntyngton that yf any 
 man dyd aske for hym he should answer he sawe hym 
 not. 
 
 It. S"^ Peter Carewe layd poste horses by all London 
 way vnto Andover, and elsewhere. 
 
 It. he perswadyd with waiter Rawlegh,' esquyre, to 
 convaye hym awaye yn his barke. 
 
 ' Walter Raleigh, of Fardel, father of the famous Sir Walter Raleigh, 
 Mr. Raleigh married the daughter of Sir Piiilip Champernoun, by Katharine, 
 daughter of Sir Edmund Cartw, and relict of Otho Gilbert, of Compton, Esc[, 
 
180 APPENDIX E. 
 
 It. as the reporte goethe, lie 'vras embarked at Way- 
 moutlie the xxv*'' of January by one Kyllygrew, with whom 
 is gone Andrewe Tremayne,' John Courteny/ and James 
 Kyrkeham/ gentilmen. 
 
 It. he sent and had all his harnys and armure from 
 Dartemouthe to Mownseotery, the xxiiij day of Januarij. 
 
 It. Wyllam Gibbes, esquyer, saythe the reportte 
 wente that S'' Thomas Denys woold cut his throte^ and 
 for that cause he wore a previe coate and his men also, 
 beynge to the nomber of half a dosen, with dagges at there 
 saddelbowes, and for no other yntent, and so with hys 
 men, wente to Mownseotrey to the said S"^ Petar his 
 howse. 
 
 to whate yntent shuld he repaire to Sir Peter Carewe 
 for feare of one before any other howse withyn the shere ? 
 
 It. At the Cessions, after Christmas last past, at 
 after none, yn Sayncte Petars Churche of Exeter, Wyl- 
 lyam Gibbes spake these words : that yf any man woold not 
 stande to defende the Kinge of Spayne for his entre yn to 
 this Realme, by cause they woold ravysshe there wyves 
 
 Sir Peter Carew and Sir Walter Raleigh were thus first cousins once 
 removed ; and the former, and Sir Humphrey Gilbert, the famous navigator, 
 were uterine brothers. See note 1, p. 91. 
 
 ' Andrew Tremayne, son of Thomas Tremayne, of CoUacombe, by 
 Phelip, daughter of Eoger Grenvill. He and his twin brother Nicholas 
 were killed at the seige of Newhaven in 1563. 
 
 ^ John Courteuey, of Ottery St. Mary, or his son by Thomasine, 
 daughter and heir of ... . Huntingdon. See note 1, p. 35. 
 
 = James Kirkham, of Blagdon, in the parish of Paynton, near Totnes, 
 second son of Thomas Kirkham, by Margaret, daughter and heir of Richard 
 Ferrers, of IHnniton, by Jane, his wife, daughter and heir of William 
 Malherb of that place, which family had been seated there from the time 
 of the Conquest. Mr. Kirkham married and had issue Margai-et, first the 
 wife of William Westofer, and secondly of Edmond Argenton. 
 
APPENDIX E. 181 
 
 and doughters, and robbe and spoile the commons, that 
 then there throttes should be cut. And yf S' Thomas 
 Denys and John Prydyaux dyd worke to the contrary 
 theryn, that then bothe there throttes shulld be cutte.' 
 
 No. 13." 
 
 The Earl of Devonshire to Sir W. Petre (?)' 
 
 After my right hartie commendacions. Going to 
 Andwerpe yesterdaie, about some earnest busynes of myne 
 owne, it was there geven me to vndrestond that S"^ Petre 
 
 ' In the Privy Council Register we find the following entry : — 
 
 At Hamptoneorte the xxij of September 1554. Where the Ladie Taile- 
 hoys wief to S' Peter Carewe hath made reight hnmhle and ernest sute vnto 
 the King and Quenes Ma*'' asweU for leave to write vnto her husbonde 
 fromme time to time, as, also, to have licence to send him, presentlie, sum relief, 
 notwithstanding the gretenes of her hushondea ofience vpon her importunitie, 
 nevertheles, and considering that she hath doonne herein for her parte noles 
 theime becamme a good and loving wief, their Ma'™, being inclined to com- 
 passion and olemenoie, haue byn contented to condiscende thereunto ; and, 
 therefore, it was this daie resolued by the lis that the saide Ladie Taileboys, 
 being called before them, shnid, for aunswere of the king and quenes 
 heighnes pleasure in the premisses, not only haue thus muche declared vnto 
 her that she meight whenne she woulde write over the Sea vnto her saide 
 husbande, and for this one tyme only relieve him with her goodes, with out 
 incurring their heighnes indiguacion or displeasure for her so doing : But, 
 allso, the 11 further decreed, vpon Mr humble sute, that for her indempnitie 
 and better discharge, this declaracion vnto her of the king & quenes heigh- 
 nes pleasure herein shulde be entered as matter of recorde in the Liegier 
 and Register Booke of the Counsaill, of which resolucion she being desirous 
 to have a copie the 11 were contented to graunt her therein, also, her 
 humble request. 
 
 2 State Paper Office. Dom. Cor. — No. 66. Holograph. 
 
 ^ Sir William Petre was the son of John Petre, or Peter, of Tor Newton, 
 CO. Devon, by Alice, daughter of John Colin, of Woodland, in the same 
 county. He was a man of eminent ability, and stood high in the favour of 
 four successive sovereigns, whom he served as Principal Secretary of State, 
 
183 APPENDIX E. 
 
 Carew was newlie arivedj and, perceiving sueli towardnes 
 in him towardes his reconciliacion, I thought, by my talk 
 with him, I should he nothing therein hindered, whervpon, 
 (the rather by your encouragement) I spak with him, 
 and finde him such a one for his bodie redieto the seruice 
 of the Kinges and Queues Ma*'^^ as you shall never repent 
 the friendshippe ye have shewed him ; but touching his 
 conscience, led by his religion. Although I have ther- 
 abouts herd a good fitte (?) with hym, yet ther resteth, 
 in that point, a pece of Work for you to bring him to a 
 more perfection. I believe you shall do much with him, 
 for, without doubt, he reposeth his truste in you. I have 
 from thence no other newys, saving of the being there of 
 my L. Matravers,' whom I left there yet not departed 
 towardes Englond. I have written this with myne owne 
 hand but .... inge my short dispatch hence I am there 
 aboutes so busyed as leasure is verie scant, and, therfore, 
 for this time, (not forgetting my right comendacion to my 
 Lorde) I bid you right hartie farewell, ffrom Lovaine 
 the xxiij of Noveb : 1555. 
 
 and from whom he received other great preferments. He died 1572, 
 leaving, by his second wife, Anne, daughter of Sir William Brown, Knight, 
 Lord Mayor of London, two daughters, and an only son John, Knighted 
 1576, and in 1603 created Baron Petre of Writtle, in Essex, from whom 
 is descended the present Lord Petre. 
 
 ' Henry Fitzalan, although here called Lord Maltravers, had succeeded 
 his father as Earl of Arundel in 1643. He was Deputy of Calais 1640 — 
 1543, was present at the seige of Boulogne in 1544, when he was created by 
 Henry VIII Marshal of the Field, and where he behaved with great bravery. 
 In the same year he was created K.G., and in 1546 Lord Chamberlain. He 
 married Catherine, one of the daughters of Thomas Grey, Marquis of 
 Dorset, by whom he had one son Henry, who died in 1566, s.p., and two 
 daughters, Joan and Mary. Joan married Lord Lumley, and Mary, Thomas 
 Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk of the Howards. The Earl of Arundel died 
 (1 580 ?) but ten years before he levied a fine, by which the Castle and 
 honour of Arundel were entailed upon Lord Lumley and Joan his wife 
 
APPENDIX E. 183 
 
 No. 14. 
 
 King Philip to Queen Mary.^ 
 
 Serenissima Reyna, mi muy cara y muy amada muger. 
 Y a auisej a V. Al*. como auia recibido los dos perdones 
 de Pedro Caro. Yo le mande dar el vno, y el otro embie a 
 V. Al". para que se rompa. Y porque su muger 
 va agora a esse reyno a procurar la execucioD, y cum- 
 pUmiento dela gratia y mercedj que V. Al*. ha hecho a su 
 marido. Yo ruego afFectuosamente a V. Al*. que mande 
 que se execute su voluntad con todo cumplimientOj y que 
 por auer se detenido la dicha su muger en estas partes 
 algunos dias mas delos que V. Al". mando^ no reciba dano, 
 pues ha side por esperar a que yo scriviesse a V. Al^. sobre 
 sus cosaSj y de su marido, loqual no he podido hazer hasta 
 agora. Gruarde y prospere Nostro senor la real persona 
 y estado de V. Al*. como yo desseo. De Brussellas a xvj de 
 Marfo MDLvj.' 
 
 beso los manos a v. al. 
 
 Yo EL Rey. 
 
 Gr. Perez. 
 
 Translation. 
 
 Most serene Queen, my very dear and beloved wife, 
 
 for their separate lives, remainder to the lawful heirs of the said Joan, with 
 remainder over to Philip, only child of Mary, Duchess of Norfolk, and his 
 heirs. Lady Lumley died without issue, and the honour consequently de- 
 volved on Philip Howard, who became the Earl of Arundel, the superior 
 title having been lost by his father's attainder in 1572. He married Anne, 
 daughter of Thomas Lord Dacre, and by her was the father of Thomas 
 Howard, Earl of Arundel, the great patron of the fine arts, and the enricher 
 of his country with many choice remains of antiquity. 
 
 ' State Paper Office. Dom. Cor. — Vol. vii., No. 20. 
 
 2 This letter is sealed with a seal bearing the Arms of Spain, unpaling 
 those of England. 
 
184 APPENDIX E. 
 
 I have already informed you how I had received the two 
 pardons of Pedro Caro. I have desired one of them to 
 be given to him, and have sent the other to your 
 Highness in order that it may be cancelled. And inasmuch 
 as his wife is now proceeding to your kingdom to obtaiu 
 the execution and fulfilment of that grace and mercy which 
 your Highness has shown to her husband, I affectionately 
 entreat of you to give orders that her desire may be fully 
 complied with, and that the said lady may not receive any 
 detriment for having remained in this country some days 
 longer than the time prescribed by your Highness, since 
 the delay has been owing to her having waited until I 
 could write to you about her affairs and her husband ; — 
 which I have been unable to do until now. May our Lord 
 preserve and prosper the royal person and estate of your 
 Highness as I desire. From Brussels, the 16th day of 
 March, 1556. 
 
 I kiss the hands of your Highness. 
 
 G. Perez. I the King. 
 
APPENDIX ¥.' 
 Sir Peter Carew and Thomas Williams' to the Earl 
 
 of Bedford. 
 Pleaseth yt your honor to be aduertised, that we by 
 chaunce metinge at Exceter and there haveing some con- 
 ferrence together of the state of the Countrye, have 
 thought good to aduertise your L that we have not yet 
 receaved any stampes for the testons/ ne any other letters 
 
 ' State Paper Office. Dom. Cor. — 'So. 31. 
 
 ^ Thomas Williams, son of Adam Williams, of Stowford, co. Devon, by 
 Alice, daughter of Thomas Prideaux, of Ashburton. Sir W. Pole says he 
 was " a man excellently learned in the laws of this realm, and Speaker of 
 the Parliament House, A.I>., 1562, He died in his young flomdshing age, 
 and left issue by Emeline, daughter and heir of William Crewse, of Chymely, 
 John and Thomas, both of them thriftless." 
 
 ' The teston, or English shilling, was first coined by Henry VII in 
 1503, and was so called from the teste or tete — ^the head of the King. It 
 was of the value of 12 pence. Henry VIII, in the latter years of his reign, 
 greatly debased the coin, and the teston having suffered much from this 
 cause, and having, moreover, been counterfeited to a very great extent, 
 was called in by Proclamation dated 10th April, 2 Edward VI, and a new 
 piece, differently stamped, of the same value, issued ; such of the old coins 
 as remained in eircolatiou being reduced in value to 9d. The teston seems 
 still to have continued unpopular, for we find a proclamation, dated 22nd 
 December, 3 and 4 P. and M. (1556), gainst " wycked and vngodly persons 
 who for their owne gaynes spred and caused to be spred rumours of the 
 decaying or fall of the coygne or monyes commenlye called testons." In 
 the 1st Elizabeth, testons were fixed at the value of 4id and 2 Jd, and in the 
 2nd of that Queen's reign, by proclamation dated 9th October, they were 
 ordered to be stamped to distinguish the genuine from the counterfeit, 
 and skilful persons were appointed in London and in all the principal cities 
 and towns to view all brought to them for that purpose, and affix the stamps. 
 These coins were of the mint of Edward VI, and bore his head in profile, 
 crowned, and it was directed that those of the value of 4jd should be 
 stamped with the mark of a portcullis before the head of the King, and 
 those of the value of 2|d, with a greyhound (sejant) behind the King's 
 head. At the same time it was announced that a new coinage was imme- 
 diately to take place, and the base moneys were to be exchanged for the 
 good, but in the course of the ensuing year all base moneys whatsoever, were 
 called in. Testons are now very rare, and fetch high prices. 
 
186 APPENDIX E. 
 
 frome the Counsell, by occasion wherof the people ar 
 perplexed, and in some obloquy aboute the receipt of 
 testons, w'''' is lyker to encrease then demyaishe, for that 
 it is bruted emoungest them that the stampers above 
 reiecta great number of bothe sortes of tes tons for counter- 
 faytes, so that they now vtterly refuse to receave any 
 beinge vnstampt, not knowinge, as they said, the counter- 
 faytes from the good ; we dare not use any enforcement 
 to compell the people to take the testons lest the furny- 
 ture of the markettes might, perchaunce, by that meanes, 
 be withdrawen. Howe requysite it is that stampes were 
 sent hether your L can consider, and what inconvenyence 
 maye growe by the wante of the same here, that elswhere 
 putteth the people in some quyet, is vnknownen, wherefore, 
 we have thought good to perswade suche as have to do 
 with receptes of the Queues Ma*i^^ to take and receave 
 testons of both sortes without stampe, the rather to allure 
 others to do the lyke. we hyer saie there ar stampes con- 
 veed into Cornwall, which may, perhappes, rather encrease 
 the refasaU of the testons with vs, not having the lyke. Of 
 the dowbte we were in at your L departure, we trust 
 shortly by your L meanes to be resolved, of the further 
 estate of this countree this berer can aduertise your L. 
 Thus, with consideracion'of oure duties vnto your L. whome 
 we praye God longe to prosper and preserve, we ende. 
 Geaven at Exeter the xxviij of October 1560. 
 
 Your 1 to commond 
 
 P.Carew 
 
 Thomas Wyllyams. 
 
 To the right honorable and oure 
 especiall good horde the Earle 
 ofBedfordehe these delyvered 
 with spede. 
 
APPENDIX G. 
 
 No. 1. 
 The Queen to Sir Peter Carew} 
 
 Right Trustie and welbeloved we grete you well, 
 forasmuccli as that cost of Devonshyre and Comwale is by 
 report muccli harted" with, pyrattes and Roversj for ap- 
 prehensn and repression of whom we wer mynded to 
 have caused twoo of our owne vessells to haue bene armed 
 to y^ seas, but consideryng how long it may be by reason 
 of contrary wyndes or the same might come to those 
 partes^ and hearyng that sondry of y^ same pyrattes do 
 lye in y^ mouthes of some havens both about y« Cape of 
 Cornwall and the partes wher you dwell, we have thought 
 it more expedient for y^ purpose to committ y« care of 
 this matter to you, lyke as in y^ same our counsell have 
 of late, by our commandment, wrytten to you, and some 
 others, to inquire of such as doo mayntean or releave y^ 
 sayed pyrattes. And therefor, of speciall trust conceaved 
 in your wisdom and descreshon, we will and authorise you 
 to cause on or twoo apt vesseUs to be made redy with all 
 spede in some portes ther abowt, and to comitt y^ chardge 
 therof to whom so ever you shall thynk mete, and therwith 
 to devise and gyve order how y« same pyrattes, or some of 
 them, might be apprehended, and for y'^ chardges that you 
 shall fynd necessary to be therin bestowed, we will not 
 fayle but see that same redely payed and satisflFyed. And 
 if you see not any lykelood how to apprehend them by 
 
 ' State Paper Office. Dom. Cor. ^ Hurted, iiyured. 
 
 X 
 
188 APPENDIX G. 
 
 thismeanesye shall further advertise vs, and yet, neverthe- 
 less, cause some practise to be used, that some of y« sayd 
 Eovers might he entyced, with hope of our mercy, to 
 apprehend some of the rest of ther Company, which practise 
 we have knowen doone good not long agoo in the lyke. 
 This service at this tyme is very requisite, and, therfore, 
 of special! trust, we do committ it to you alone, because 
 herin secrecy and spede ar necessary ; and consideryng you 
 know our ernest intention is to have these malefactors 
 taken we leave the manner how herin to precede to your 
 polycy, and shall allow any thyng that you shall pott in 
 execution to this end. Gyven. 
 
 This draft is not dated, but it is 
 indorsed: 29 7hris 1564. 
 M. from the Q. Ma'" to Sr 
 Peter Carew against Pyrates. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 The Queen to Sir Peter Carew} 
 
 Trustie and Right welbeloved we grete you well. 
 Wher we vnderstand by your letters to our counsell, how 
 redy you ar to arme twoo shippes to y^ seas accordyng to 
 our commandment for y^ apprehension of y* pirattes 
 vpon those costes, and that you desyre to know whyther 
 the same shall have wages and victell of vs, or victell 
 only, and for ther wages to have y^ spoyle of y® 
 pirattes. We allow very well of your redynes in this 
 service, and thynk it best that the partyes to whom you 
 shall committ y^ chardg (wherin also we vnderstand you 
 have very good consideration in y^ choise of them) maye 
 take ther benefitt of y^ spoyle, and be provyded only by 
 
 ' state Paper Office. Dora. Cor. 
 
APPENDIX G. 189 
 
 vs of victellj and hervnto y* Lo Admirall' is well consentyng 
 that all his interest, ether in the pyrattes vessells, or 
 goodesj shall remayn to the takers, and so we praye you to 
 vse all ye spede that you can that we may here of some 
 good to be doone herin. Yeven. 
 
 Endorsed: x Octobris 1564. 
 M. to Sr Peter Carew. 
 
 ' Edward, 9th Lord Clinton and Say, was present in the sea service at 
 the siege of Leith, and for his services on that occasion received the honour 
 of knighthood. In the 1st Edward VI, he was appointed Admiral of the 
 Fleet in the expedition against Scotland, and for his conduct at the battle of 
 Musselborongh received the grant of the manors of Braunseton, Co. Lincoln 
 and Clifford, Co. Hereford. In 1549 he was governor of Boulogne, and with 
 gi-eat bravery defended that place against the French, for which service he 
 was publicly thanked by the King, declared Lord High Admiral for life, 
 and received grants of extensive manors and lands. In 1551 he was created 
 E.G., and the next year constituted Lord Lieutenant of the County of 
 Lincoln. Having adopted the cause of Lady Jane Grey, upon the accession 
 of Mary he was left out of the Privy Council and his patent as Lord High 
 Admiral revoked, but by his exertions against Sir Thomas Wyatt be obtained 
 the Queen's favour, and was one of the noblemen appointed to receive Philip 
 of Spain on his arrival at Southampton. He acted as Lieut.-General at the 
 si^e of St. Quintins, and on the 3rd March, 1566, was again constituted 
 Lord High Admiral, and appointed Lieut.-General and Commander-in-Chief 
 of the forces proceeding against Prance and Scotland. On the accession of 
 Elizabeth, he was immediately sworn of the Privy Council, and, having 
 rendered further important services to the Ci'o^vn, in 1572 was created Earl 
 of Lincoln. On the 16th January, 1573, he was one of the peers who sat at 
 the trial of the Duke of Norfolk, and in the following year was sent Ambas- 
 sador Extraordinary to Prance to receive the ratification of the treaty of 
 Blois from Charles IX. His lordship was three times married, first to 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Blount, and widow of Gilbert Lord Talboys, 
 by whom he had three daughters ; secondly to Ursula, daughter of William 
 Lord Stourton, by whom he had three sons and two dai^hters, and tliirdly 
 to Elizabeth, daughter of Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare, and widow of 
 Sir Anthony Brown, — the lady celebrated by Henry Earl of Surrey as the 
 fair Geraldine. He died on the 16th January, 1584-5, aged seventy-two 
 years, and was buried in St. George's Chapel, at Windsor. 
 
190 APPENDIX G. 
 
 No. 3. 
 Sir Peter Carew to the Council} 
 Mate it please your honors. That wheras by the 
 Quenes Ma*'^^ letters of the xxix Septemh'"^ last, I was com- 
 maunded to cause one or two apte vessells to bee made 
 readye withe all speede in som porte heraboute, and to 
 sette the same vnto the seas, to apprehende pirates. 
 Because I thought it best for hir Ma*^^ profi&tte, that 
 suche maryners and others as were to bee employed in 
 that service shoulde serve, without wages, for the spoyle 
 onely to their owne vses, hir highnes being chardged 
 with the victuelles, I theruppon wrote vnto your 
 honors hiunblye beseching yowe thereby to be advertised 
 of hir highnes pleasure in that behalf. Wheruppon 
 I receaued letters from her Ma*'^, specifieng that her 
 graces pleasure was, the maryners should take the benefitte 
 of the spoyle, and bee provided onely by hir highnes of 
 victuell ; with further warrantye, that my Lorde AdmyraU 
 was well consentyng that all his interest, either iu the 
 pyrates vessells or gooddes, should remayne vnto the 
 takers. Vppon the same I caused not onely those two 
 vessells, but also one other barke (whiche was besides my 
 former commission warranted afterwardes by your honors 
 letters) to be sette vnto the seas, who, ronnyng alonge the 
 west coaste of England and fyndyng nothing there 
 meete for their purpose, sayled over into Irelande, where 
 they founde a hulke of Stukeleys^ in Corke haven, whiche 
 they brought awaye, hym self being, before ther arryvall 
 there, on the shoare with the Lord Barry More,^ having 
 
 ^ State Paper Office. Dom. Cor. 
 
 ^ Thomas Stukely. See note 3, p. 75. At this period many young 
 men of good families engaged in buccaneering expeditions. 
 ' See note 2, p. 103. 
 
APPENDIX G. 191 
 
 lefte certen of his men in the hulke to garde hir, who 
 being shotte vnto, roade vnto the shoare in their longe 
 boate. ffrom thens they went to Beere haven^ where, 
 before their commyng thither, Haydon, Lysyngham, and 
 Corbett, with other pyrattes their complyces, hade with- 
 drawen them selfes into a Castle' belonging to the O'SuUy- 
 fan Beere,^ & also their vessells so neere the same, plantyng 
 their Ordenaunces on the shoare, and also in the Castle, 
 as our men were not hable to annoye them. They 
 mustered in sight of our men fyve hundred gaUoglasses 
 and kernes, besides their owne soldiours, whiche were (as 
 they could iudge) one hundred and thre score persons at 
 the least. Althoughe our men hadde kiUed one of their 
 capitaynes with shotte, whiche, (as I am enformed) was 
 Lysyngham, yet their owne shippes being shotte throughe, 
 seeing no otherwayes how to prevayle further, considering 
 of what force Haydon was, havinge maried with O'SuUyfan^s 
 syster, who hadde committed the chardge of the Castle 
 vnto his custodye, by whiche meanes he was like dayly 
 to be succoured by those kernes, thoughtie best for feare 
 of synkyng, after sondry shotte betwene them both, 
 
 ' The Castle of Dunboy, a very strong fortress in Bantry Bay. It was 
 captured by Sir George Carew, Lord President of Munster, in 1602, after a 
 gallant resistance. 
 
 ^ O'Sullivan Beare was Lord of Bearehaven and Bantry. Sir Owen 
 O'Sullivan, second son of Desmond, by Shilia, daughter to DoneU M'Cartie 
 Reoghe, by Elinor, daughter of the Earl of Kildare, succeeded his brother 
 Donell in 1565, after the custom of Tanistry, but being desirous that his 
 son should succeed him, he took his lands in fee farm from the Queen, 
 with reservation of a small rent under Letters Patent, whereupon his 
 nephew Donell commenced a suit against him. At last the matter was 
 referred to arbitration, when Bantry was awarded to Sir Owen and his 
 heirs, and Bearehaven to Donell and his heirs. Sir Owen O'Sullivan died 
 1594. The marriage referred to in the text is not recorded in the 
 pedigree, nor is any sister of Sir Owen O'Sullivan mentioned. 
 
193 APPBNDIX G. 
 
 (whiche contynued from tenue of the clocke in the 
 mornyng vntill foure at after noone) to departe : whiche 
 service I, for my parte^ am verry sorrye hadde no better 
 successe, as I truste your honors will conceave no other 
 opynion of me. I have of late receaved letters not onely 
 from your honors^ but also a Commission from the Courte 
 of Thadmyraltye, to delyver the saide hulke vnto one 
 John Peterson, a fflemynge. I humbly beseche your 
 honors to consider that the maryners serving in this 
 service for the spoyle onely, without any wages, seyng the 
 hulke restored vnto the fflemyng agayne, being thonely 
 gaynes they looke to have of this voyage, will furthwith 
 make exclamacion vnto me for Mr Ma*''^ wages from the 
 firste daye they were appoynted to serve, whiche will 
 amounte vnto a greater somme then the hulke is twyse 
 worthe, being in nombre thre shippes, and two hundred 
 fortye and sixe persons, parte of them serving fyve 
 monethes and som others sixe monethes. I haue alreadye 
 disbursed monye owte of my owne purse to satysfye the 
 maryners, thinking to haue contented them for the rest 
 vpon the gaynes growyng of the saide hulke, whiche burden 
 I truste your honors wilbe a meanes vnto hir Ma*^* shall 
 not bee powred vppon me ; I haue not, nor yet doo refuse 
 delyvery of the hulke, but haue deferred it onely vntUl I 
 shall heare farther of your pleasures therin. The fflemyng 
 is here with me, whom I doo entreate as well as my selfe. 
 It is to be duely proved that in the towne hall of Kynsale, 
 he af&rmed before the Mayor & his brethern there, that, 
 frankely and freely, he did compounde with Stukeley, with- 
 out any compulsion or for feare. And so, humbly beseching 
 your honors to be a meanes that the maryners maye have 
 some convenient porcion of money for their service, seeing 
 hir Mate's pleasure is that the hulke shalbe restored vnto 
 
APPENDIX G. 193 
 
 the fflemyng agayne, I end. flfrom Mohunsotery, the 
 xvij of Aprill, 1565.' 
 
 Your honors to commaunde, 
 
 P. Carew. 
 
 ' On the same date he wrote a similar letter to Sir William Cecil reciting 
 the services of the ships, and the claims of the seamen, and requesting that 
 through his good means the delivery of the hulk might be deferred for a 
 time, and so dissembled until the mariners were compounded withal for 
 their wages ; suggesting that the hulk was not considered by them as being 
 worth more than £240, and enclosing the following statement of such 
 charges as had been disbursed in the service, together with a note of his 
 receipt in the same, and also what money was to be allowed to him in 
 respect thereof. 
 
 The chardges of three shippes sent out of the West partes by S' Peter 
 Carewe, Knight, havinge in them CCxlvj men for the Aprehendinge of 
 pyrattes as follow"". 
 
 Item. The victuallingeoftlie said CCxlvj persones for 
 the space of vj monethes 1 week iiij daies, beginninge the 
 xiij "» daie of October last and endinge the ix dale of 
 Aprill ffollowinge, both daies encluded,by abiH of parcells 
 appearinge amo"" vnto.... .... .... .... .... JEDCClxxij. 
 
 Item, for Tonnaidge of the said tlu-ee shippes beinge 
 all three in burthen uy xxx"» tonnes : viz. The M" 
 bowes CO tonnes. The M" baxter Clx tonus, and the 
 Peter of Dartmouth Ixx tons, for like time of vj monthes 
 one week iiij daies, beginninge and ended as above saied, £ s d 
 
 atxij'' the ton foreuery monethofxxviij daiesamo*vnto Cxxxvij. viij. xj 
 
 Item, for Gunpowther Provided for the saied shippes 
 by a bill appearinge .... .... .... .... .... £xxxj. 
 
 Summa .... DCCCCxK viij*. xid. 
 
 Whereof 
 
 Is Eeceived by bill appearinge J)Cl. viz. of M'. 
 Peters, Costomer of Exeter, CC and of Sir William 
 
 Uaunsell CCCC summa. £DC. 
 
 and 
 
 so resteth to clere this Reconnynge .... .... CCCxl. viij. xi 
 
 Note in Cecil's hand writing : 
 
 Add twoo hu°di'ed pov"de for wages of y'mene. 
 
APPENDIX H. 
 
 No. 1, 
 
 A letter from John Hooker to Sir Peter Carew about his 
 particular business in Iteland, 1568; 36 die maij} 
 
 My deere & right worshipffull, I am sorie that, 
 hetherto, oportunitie hath not served to advertise you of 
 my travells yn your affayres, but more sorie that I can- 
 not geve you so full a satisfaction as to your content ; 
 neverthelesse, the good hope which I have concaved, & 
 the happie success -which, hetherto, enseweth, the same 
 putteth me in good comfort that our exxertations shall 
 not altogether he frustrated. At my first comynge to 
 to this Lande I travelled to M''. Davells ^ house, the same 
 beinge neere the halflfe way betwene Waterford & Dublyn, 
 & next adioyninge to your baronie of hydrone, which he 
 shewed vnto me, & to him well knowen. I was verie 
 curtuosly entreated and enterteyned of him, beinge 
 promysed of his frendship & helpe to thuttermost of his 
 power, which I trust shall stande yn good steede. 
 
 At my comynge to Dublyn I deliuered your Ires to 
 the Lorde Chancellor,' & to M'. Draycorte ; " both of 
 them I fynd as frendly as I can wish. I am lodged with 
 thone, and have the dayly company of thother ; few or no 
 
 ' Lambeth MSS. 605, fol. 5.— Original. 
 
 2 Henry Davells. See note 1, p. 75 
 
 3 Weston. See note 2, p. 73. 
 
 * Draycott, Master of the Rolls. See note 2, p. 74. 
 
APPENDIX H. 195 
 
 dales escapinge which we spend not in pervsinge the 
 recordes in the Castle of Dublyn. I have promysed to 
 consyder his paynes & curteseye, but cannot yet devise 
 what may be for his iust satisfaction. He is so well bent 
 to S' William Clcell ' as for to satysfye his request no 
 paynes ar to hard for him, which shall be well were adver- 
 tysed by your Ires vnto M"^. Secretaries with a request to 
 obteyne his further commendacions with thankes for his 
 paines : for so I hope of the contynuaunce of the same. 
 
 At my fyrst comyngehether S"^ William fytzwilliamSj L. 
 Justice, was at Knockfarges, and therefor dyd send your 
 Ires to my Lady to be addressed & conveighed vnto him, 
 but it happened that he beinge fallen sycke yn a fever 
 there, was enforced to returne home ; & now lyeth at his 
 house of Glassone hall, dystant about V myles from Dub- 
 lyn, to whom, the next day folowing, I dyd repayre, and 
 had conference at Large with him yn his chaumber of your 
 affaires, which he seemed so miche to tender as his owne ; 
 promysinge so miche his helpe, frendship, and further- 
 aunce as he can possyble do, and as I can or will him to 
 
 1 Sir William Cecil, afterwards Lord BurgUey. The political career of 
 this great statesman is too well known to need recital. His father, Richard 
 Cecil, in 1530, was Yeoman in the office of Master of the Rohes. The son 
 attracted the attention of King Henry VIII, whose favour he obtained. 
 On the accession of Edward VI, he received the honour of Knighthood, was 
 made Secretary of State, and sworn of the Privy Council. During the reign of 
 Mary he did not hold any public office, but immediately on the accession of 
 Elizabeth he was restored to his old place of Secretary of State. In lb'72 he 
 was honoured with the Order of the Garter, and appointed Lord High 
 Treasurer. He was Chancellor of the University of Cambridge from 1558 
 to his death in 1598. Lord Burghley was twice married : first, to Mary, 
 sister of Sir John Cheke, by whom he had issue Thomas, his successor, 
 the ancestor of the Marquis of Exeter ; secondly, Mildred, daughter of Sir 
 Anthony Coke, of Giddy Hall, Co. Essex, by whom he was the father of Sir 
 Robert Cecil (ancestor of the Marquis of Salisbury), and two daughters. 
 
196 APPENDIX H. 
 
 do, althoughe his travells sholde be to Rome for you ; and 
 further, hathe willed me, from tyme to tyme, to repayre 
 vnto him for such conference as I shall thincke good, 
 wherein, byside his owne person, I shall not want horse, 
 menne, or monie, or any thinge he hathe. 
 
 After this my conference with him I dyd allterr and 
 chaunge my mynde of my former purposes, and, resolvinge 
 my selffe to foUowe his advise, do now Iravell for the serche 
 of suche your Landes as are holden of the Castle of 
 Trymme : for the same lyeth all within thenglyshe pale, 
 & as proffytable & gaynfuU as any Lande yn all Erlande : 
 but I fynde this to be both paynfull, troblesome, &, I 
 feare, a suet infynitt : ffor the saide Landes, beinge these 
 many yeres yn the possessyons of gentlemen of worship 
 & of great welthe, wolde be lothe to yelde & forgo the 
 same nowe ; and, as I do geusse, they mystrusting what 
 sequell might ensewe, theire fyrst purpose & procurement 
 therof have altered & chaunged all tholde & auncyent 
 names, and verie few knowen by the same savinge Mas- 
 ton, which is a stronge & a fayre castle, & now yn the 
 tenure of one S"^ Christopher Chyvers, Knight; who 
 hiringe of my beinge here dothe feare & quake at the 
 matter, & so doth a nomber of others, also, which thinke 
 not so well of theire tytles as they dyd, but to serche the 
 certeyntye of any thinge amonge them requireth a longe 
 tyme, nevertheles, I will very shortly repaire to that 
 countrie, & make serche thereof, as neere as I may, 
 wherein I am offred verie miche frendship of sundrie 
 gentlemen of Englande dwellinge in those partes, who, 
 some of them for acquaintaunce with you, and some of 
 them for your names sake, do wisshe you good successe. 
 
 I fynde emong all the recordes nothinge preiudiciall 
 agaynst you, but onely that Hasten was resumed yn to 
 
APPENDIX H. 197 
 
 the Kinges handes the syxthe yere of Kinge henrye the 
 syxthe ; the wordes of the recordes ar these : " Escaetor : 
 Rudet de Redd le Maston quia capitur in manus dm certi 
 de causis." This Entrye is made yn dyverse rolls of 
 accomptes of the Eschetor of Erland, but was never peny 
 awnsweredj nor yet the same in the Kinges handes^ as 
 also no cause alledged why the same sholde be taken yn 
 to the Kinges handes ; wherfor, the supposall is, that it 
 was either for the awnsweringe of suche debtes as your 
 auncesters, beinge escheters & sheriffes, sholde owe vpon 
 theire accomptes^orforthatsomealyenacionwasmade there- 
 of with out leave, which beinge payed, or pardoned, the bookes 
 & accomptes therevpon dyschardged, and the same clene 
 exempted out of the Kinges handes : wherefor, they who 
 now have it must declare and shew how they holde it, 
 which, if they do with curtesey the more easye it wilbe for 
 them & you both : but I will, as am by frendes advysed, 
 forebeare to deale with any of them yn this countrye of 
 methe before your owne repaire hether : for other thinges 
 of greater importaunce beinge obteyned, I trust we shall, 
 with the more ease, compasse & atcheve unto this. In 
 the meane tyme I will ti-avell what I may for the kno- 
 ledge & vnderstaundinge, as well of Landes & occupiers 
 thereof, as also for other thinges necessarie to the same. 
 And this miche for your Landes holden of the Castle of 
 Trymme, yn the countrie of Myde, or Methe. 
 
 As for the residew of your Landes lyinge in the 
 counties of Corke and Carlowe, or Catherloghe, the same 
 perforce being taken from your auncesters, maketh no good 
 tytle to the occupiers thereof: for they do deduce theire 
 race & genealogie from them who yn deede destroyed your 
 auncesters : as namely, Caringdoms, who were seneschalls 
 to your auncesters for your Landes in the countie of 
 
198 APPENDIX H. 
 
 Corke j the too brothers contendinge for the same were 
 by the said Caringdoms slayne, & so, sithence, by force, 
 kept by them. This Lande, by the first graunt from Kinge 
 Henry the ij""^, was called by the name of a Kingedome; 
 as by your Ires patentes appearethe, whereof thone moitie 
 descended to your auncesters, who from tyme to tyme 
 haue awnswered to the Kinges of Englande the xxx*' 
 Knightes fifees, accordinge to the contentes of your Ires 
 patentes, as shall appeare vnto you by sundrye copies of 
 recordes which, herewith, I have sent vnto you. This 
 Lande whether it be so fertyll & fruetfull as I am adver- 
 tised I cannot tell : but by God's grace I will shortlye see 
 it, assone as I have viewed & surveyed the countie of 
 Methe, which I mynde to do immedyatly after this terme, 
 and then, trinitie terme ended, I will repayre to the resi- 
 dewe. And as for the recoverie hereof I trust you shall 
 not neede to doubt at all but that wilbe as easye as the 
 recoverye of your baronie of hydron, which baronye is now 
 in the tenure of a certeyne sorte called the Carvanaghes. 
 These do deduce their Grenealogie & race from the 
 Mc Murghe, who proclaymynge him selff Kinge of 
 Lynstere dyd expulse, & destroy all the race & nacion of 
 thenglish bloode, & invaded theire Landes & Enheritance ; 
 and that which apperteyned to your auncesters, these 
 Carvernaghes do, with lyke right, kepe & occupie. These 
 menne, thoughe they be of stoute stomack & courage, & 
 of suche service as none better yn this realme of Erland, 
 and dwellinge out of the Englyshe pale, yet S"" Nicholas 
 Heme' brought them to the queues peax. And Mr. 
 
 1 Sir Nicholas Hern was constable of Carlow from the beginning of 
 Queen Elizabeth's reign to 1567, and held the castles of Carlow 'and 
 Leighljn Bridge. He was succeeded by Stukeleigh, and in 1568 it was 
 
APPENDIX H. 199 
 
 Stukeleighjnow supplying his place & dwellinge at Laghlyiij 
 dothe, yn lyke order kepe them yn subgection & vnder 
 bonde; they beinge all to his commaundement. And^ 
 dealynge with him herein^ as also with M"^. Davells, I fynde 
 so miche frendship offred as I can wishej who will do 
 what they can possyble ; and am offred to have the pos- 
 sessyon thereof when so ever I willj which is thought best 
 sholde be donne to your selffe, and whereof you shalbe 
 seased & possessyoned when so ever you come ; ffor as 
 thoccupiers thereof have no iust tytle, nor any thinge to 
 shew for theire titlej so ar they not hable to withstaunde 
 you, nor suche your ffrendes as you have here : nor shall 
 you be in daunger or perell for thatteyninge vnto the same, 
 or for the kepinge thereof. 
 
 The soyle & countrie of that baronny is very large an,d 
 great, and yn all Europa not a more plesaunt, sweter, or 
 frutefuller Lande; the same beinge referted with aU 
 thinges necessarye for man yn any respecte, servinge for 
 pleasure or neede, ffor huntynge the stagge, the hare, the 
 fox, the wolff, for your pleasure at will ; for hawkinge with 
 all kyndes of hawkes, at partridge, rayle, fesaunt, crene, 
 byttern, & a nomber of other foules^ as miche as can be 
 wished, & desyred. ffor fyshinge, there is as miche as any 
 freshewater can geve; the seas ar somewhat dystaunte 
 from this countrie of hydron, but yet, on thone side, a 
 goodly ryver called the barro fleateth through the whole 
 countrie, and this so serveth the countrie that vpon it 
 they do conveighe all their comodyties & marchaundyses 
 from the seas, or from waterford, even to the house of 
 Laghlyn; which house staundethe full vpon the saide 
 
 designed to replace Taim in his former ofiice, but he died in England in 
 September of that year. See note 2, p. 75. 
 
200 APPENDIX H. 
 
 ryver. This Laghlyn was sometimes the house of your 
 auncesterSj & by them made a monastrie/ which beinge 
 dyssolved is now yn the queues handes^ & a very stronge 
 castle ^ which M"^. Stukeleigh hathe, who hathe offred me 
 the same house^ or any other which he hathe, to be at 
 your commaundement. And, notwithstaundynge baly- 
 moan, & balylaghlyn, & other castles and townes of your 
 owne ar neere the same house, yet do I fynde none so fytt 
 & meete for you as the house of Laghlyn, the same, aswell 
 for the caridge of your housholde stuflFes, as other your im- 
 plements, by water, as, also, for the beinge thereof so 
 neere your Lande, servinge best for your turne ; and your 
 lyinge there shall have all thinges servinge your neces- 
 sytie or pleasure, at a farre more reasonable hand then at 
 Dublyn, where I do fynde aU thinges to be at doble price 
 yn respect of our thinges in Englande ; notwitstaundinge, 
 there also, I am assured of a house for you, to serve when 
 you shall have occasion to resorte thether, as of necessitie, 
 beinge here, you shalbe enforced vnto. And, therefor, if 
 you do mynde to bestowe a sommer iourney, which shalbe 
 verie requisitt & necessarie that you do, then resolve your 
 selffe to make your first repayre vnto Dublyn, where I 
 have apoynted a house for you & your company. That 
 when conference hathe benne had with the Lorde Depute, 
 & others your firendes, you may proceade effectually & 
 substauncyaUy to your matters, whereof make you no 
 
 ' About the end of the reign of King Henry III, a monastery for Grey 
 Friars was founded by one of the Carews. This institution suffered the 
 fate of the other religious houses at the dissolution, and the house having 
 fallen into the King's hands, was converted into a fort by Sir Edward 
 Bellingham, Lord Deputy, in the reign of King Edward VI. 
 
 ^ This garrison is still in being, and now consists of a roomy tower, fifty 
 feet high, at the angle of a quadrangcdar enclosure, with a rampart and a 
 ditch on the outside, flanked by towers at the angles. 
 
APPENDIX H. 201 
 
 doubt or mystrust for thatteynynge thereof: namely of 
 the baronny of hydron, aSj also, as I hope, of Corcke. I 
 have entered acquaintaunce with suche gentlemen as who 
 do not onely knowe the countrie, & who have dvrelled 
 these many yeres emonge them, but, also, can discourse 
 your whole estate & right, which they do so miche tender 
 that you neither shall, nor can, wante the thinge which 
 may be for your ayde, furtheraunce, and helpe, to that- 
 teynment of your right & enherytaunce here ; neither 
 hathe hetherto, as I beleve, benne a better oportunitie 
 oifred for the recoverie thereof then now is. And, albeit, 
 this may seeme very comfortable and pleasaunt vnto you 
 (as it is no lesse) yet do not you make your accompt of a 
 more gayne & proffytt then you shall fynde, for thoughe a 
 great countrie of lande may happely fall yn to your handes, 
 yet there growethe not thereby suche benefytt or gayne 
 as yn other countries, a great deale of land here beinge 
 sett to a small price, and yet the same rentes not payed in 
 monye, but yn come & cattail ; servinge for the mayn- 
 tenaunce & kepinge of the Lordes houses, who, if he have 
 not other meanes for monye, he shall not be hable to 
 meantean his state yn worship, & kepe his people yn sub- 
 gection, oneles he will yelde to lyve after the salvage 
 manners of the Irishe. And, therfor, you must be 
 furnyshed with store of monye, & with more then you 
 shall neede to spende, to prevent what may ensewe, for if 
 you haue it not of your selfFe it is not here to be had, 
 which I do fynde by experience & tryall [ffor fearing 
 what neede I sholde have of monye in your affayres, dyd 
 travell with the L. Justyce, S^ William fytzwilliams, for the 
 lone of xl^. who most curtuosly promysed the same ; and 
 hathe paid me thereof xx^. : but how hardelye he came 
 by so miche, and with what trobles his servaunt gote it. 
 
203 APPENDIX H. 
 
 I do knowe it right well, aswell by his L. Ires, as also by 
 his servauntes report. I have to request you to take 
 order for the awnsweringe of the saide xlZ.] for, albeit, 
 presentlye, I have no neede at all, yet to make prepara- 
 cion for suche thinges as shalbe necessarye requireth 
 monye in redynes, specially yn this countrie, which of 
 monye & good people is verye baiTeyne ; wherfor I have 
 to pray you that vpon your resolueinge to make your 
 repaire, you do forthwith sende me your Ires of advertise- 
 ment, that I maye have yn redynes suche thinges as 
 be requisytt. And, albeit, I be but a badd steward, yet 
 I will do what I may do, bothe for your worship and your 
 estate, wherein you maye haue regarde to your selfiF. ffor 
 in Dublyn all thinges ar at a hard hand, and yet, I doubt 
 not but you shall, at as good a hand, kepe your house here 
 yn exon ; so that you do furnyshe your selffe out of your 
 countrie, spyce, sugar, and such other foryne wares & 
 merchaundise. And, forasmiche as an expert man in these 
 thinges may do you pleasure here, 1 haue thought to move 
 you of one who was sometime servaunte & steward to 
 S"^ Thomas Chaloner,^ being ambassador yn Spayne, a man 
 very expert & skyllffull as also to his saide master pro- 
 fytable, and of whose prayse I wolde speake as I have 
 herd, if he were not myn owne brother "; he now dwelleth 
 with thold Lady Mountioye, and for whose trouthe I will 
 not refuse to geve posytt^ as miche as I am hable to. 
 
 ^ Sir Thomas Challoner, of Gisborough, Co. York, and Steeple Claydon, 
 Co. Backs, an eminent scliolar, poet, and statesman. In 1559 he was sent 
 ambassador to reside near the King of Spain then in Flanders. He mar- 
 ried Etheldreda, daughter of Edward Frodsham, of Elton, in Cheshire, and 
 left an only son Sir Thomas Chaloner, a man also of eminent abilities, who 
 first introduced into this country the manufacture of alum. See note 1, 
 p. 18. 
 
 2 See note 2, p. 232. a Deposit. 
 
APPENDIX H. 203 
 
 If your worship & my ladye shall so thincke it good, I 
 have geven order to my wyfF to send for him. I trust he 
 shall lyke you both yn suche sorte as to your coutentes. 
 fforthermore, forasmiche as your matters here are of suche 
 importaunce & weight as do require a tyme before they 
 can be brought to theire full effecte, and I have promysed 
 & yelded my selffe vnto the following thereof vntyll your 
 full satisfFaction & content, have to pray you to advyse 
 with your selffe whether you shall thincke it so meete & 
 convenyent that, your resolucion therein knowen, my 
 wyff may send me suche furnyture as I have apoynted for 
 my necessarye vse heere, and that the same may be sent 
 yn your bark, with your stuffe & carieges. 
 
 My Lord Chauncelor being very sicke yn the goute & 
 my Lord Justyce Fytzwilliams yn an agew, nether of them 
 being hable to wryte theire Ires of commendacions as they 
 apoynted, haue willed me yn theire behalffes, & yn theire 
 Ladies, to do the same vnto you. Mr. Draycot, Mr. of 
 the rolls, lykwyse saluteth you, who wishethe you good 
 successe yn your affayres, so that it be not to your over- 
 greate chardge : for he, havinge a regarde onely to the 
 Lawe, measureth all thinges by the chardges thereof; but 
 we have, & must have, a nother way to the woode : Mr. 
 Stukelye, also, most hartely yeldethe his dew commenda- 
 cions vnto you, who, dyscoursinge with me, declared how 
 miche he was bounden to your worship yn his worst estate : 
 ffor then when all men dyd report evell of him, yet you 
 gave good reporte, & spake yn his defense, which he will 
 not fayle to consider with thuttermost of his power. And 
 hetherto it seemeth he speketh of a very good hert, for 
 he hath oflFred me for you, his house yn Dublyn, his 
 house of Laghlyn, & one other house which he hathe 
 ueere there aboutes, together with any thinge what so 
 
 Y 
 
204 APPENDIX H. 
 
 ever he hathe. And trewly for your barony of hodron 
 there is no one man yn all Erlande of his degree which 
 can do you more pleasure then which he will not fayle 
 to do, as you shall well perceve at your comynge. I am 
 sory that you had not sent him a Ire, which he seemed 
 somewhat to be greved withall that he had not benne as 
 well consydered with one as others were, yet, notwith- 
 staundinge, I dyd, by my Ires, & then by pryvat confer- 
 ence, excuse the matter, alleginge that you resumed the 
 Ires from me vpon reporte made that he sholde be come 
 to London. Lastely of all, I have to commende myn 
 owne Dewtie to your good worship, & my good Lady, 
 as also my hartie commendacions to my lord bishop,' to 
 the lady Rogers, (?) & to all the resydew of my firendes ; 
 namely, to Mr. Maior'' & his brethren, with an excuse for 
 my absence, & that I may be borne with all vntyll I have 
 exployted, & brought to effect, your matter & cause, now 
 taken yn hande. The aple is almost rype, &, I trust, 
 shortly, wilbe ready to be gathered, which God graunte. 
 I trust you will not forget to bringe with you your too 
 phisicyons, namely Mr. Welton & Narcissus, who both 
 yn theire several! callinges, bysides theire service to your- 
 selffe, they shall do miche good here : and for thone of 
 theyme, yn hope he might have pleasured your good 
 fifrendes now oppressed here with sycknes, I have full 
 estsoones wished him here. Lykwyse I have to put you 
 yn mynde that if S"^ Gawen Carewes Cooke do departe from 
 you that you do deale with Mr. Thresurer' for his Nycholus, 
 
 ' Bishop AUey. 
 
 ' Mr. Robert Chave. 
 
 ' Kichard Tremayne, D.D., son of Thomas Tremayne, of Collacomb, Co. 
 Devon, by Phelip, daughter of Roger Grenville. He was installed Treasurer 
 of Exeter Cathedral on 27th October, 1561, Blackstone deprived, and died. 
 
APPENDIX H. 20 
 
 who, for a somers voyage, wilt not, as I thinke, denye him 
 you. And thus wishinge you helthe, long lyffe, and 
 increase of worship, I hyd you most hately well to ffare. 
 ffrom Dublyn the xxvj**' of May 1568. 
 
 Yo'' worshipps most assured 
 to his power 
 
 John Vowell 
 
 als HOKEB. 
 
 To the right worshipffull Sr 
 Peter Carew, Knight, gave 
 these at his house of Eas- 
 cester, Mohonsotrey, with 
 all reverence. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 A letter from John Hooker to Sr Peter Carew, about his 
 business in Erlande, 1568, 26 Maij} 
 
 May it please your worship, I haue, herewith, sent 
 you the copie of thacte of parlament made the xxviij yere 
 of Kinge Henry theviij, for resuminge of certeyn Landes 
 yn Erlande yn to the Kinge's handes, as also the copies of 
 certeyne recordes which I have selected, chosen, and 
 gathered, out of the recordes yn the Castle of Dublyn ; 
 
 1584. For his brothers, see note 1, p. 180. Another brother, Mr. 
 Edmund Tremayne, was sent over to the Lord Deputy of Ireland, in 1573, 
 to make several inquiries, and among others, " To know what is intended 
 to be done with Desmond and his brother John, and how their creditors in 
 England shall be paid P" The Earl and his brother had just returned from 
 their captivity in London. 
 
 1 Lamb MSS., 605, fol. 9. Origmal. 
 
 y2 
 
206 41'I'ENDIX H. 
 
 by which it shall appeare'how that, accordinge to your 
 evydences, your auncestors have benne possessed of sundry 
 seignyories within this realme of Erlande, & have yelded 
 the service to the prince dew for the same, of which no 
 parte, nor porcion ys in the Quenes handes other than the 
 Castle of Laghlyn ; neither hath she any peny proffytt, 
 by any parte, or porcion, thereof. Whereof her highnes 
 & her honorable counsell being advertised, will not mys- 
 lyke, I trust, that you be permitted to receave the same, 
 having-suche right, & so good tytle vnto it as no man can 
 iustly denye it, saving they which, perforce, do withhold 
 it, and whose auncestors, by oppressinge, expulsinge, & 
 murderinge of your elders, dyd first atteyne thereunto j by 
 whose means the Quenes Ma*'« hath benne defrauded of 
 suche service as your auncestors, beinge seased of the same, 
 dyd & were wont to yelde & paye ; besydes the greate 
 charges which the Kinges of Englande have yn wast con- 
 sumed, for the repressinge of these rebells & wylde lawles 
 kernes. And yet, now, it may, under her highnes favor, 
 so com eto passe, that you may agayne atteyne & recover 
 the same, with some gayne and recompense, yn thend, to 
 your selffe, a comodytie to your owne nacion, & the 
 greatest benefytt to the Queues Ma*'^ ; without any her 
 chardge. When you have throughly pervsed, and con- 
 ferred the same with your owne evidence, take advice 
 what you will or may do : and if you mynde to take 
 thoportunitie now offred, & may be permitted, I wolde 
 wishe you to acceleratt & hasten your repayre hether, & 
 not to lose this somer, which allready hegynneth to slack 
 here. And albeit greate chardges do or may growe yn suche 
 new attemptes, yet, I trust, with the Quenes Ma*^^ favor, 
 you shalbe at the lesser charge : of which your pleasure I 
 pray you to be advertysed with all expedicion, that I may 
 
APPENDIX H. 207 
 
 provyde & set all thinges yn order accordinglye. And so 
 recomendinge my dewtie vnto your worship, I wish you 
 long lyffe, with thincrease of worship. fFrom Dublyn the 
 xx\^ti» of May 1568. 
 
 Yo"^ worshipps to commande 
 
 John Vowell 
 
 als HOKEB. 
 
 To the right worshipffull 
 Sr Peter Cdrew, Knight, 
 these at Excester, or 
 atrey, with all dew 
 reverence. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 Sir Peter Carew to Sir William Cecil.'- 
 
 Good Mr. Secretary. The full assurance and good 
 profe whiche I have heretofore fownde of your sondry 
 curtesies towardes me, doo the more embolden me to 
 advertise your honor, hereby, aswell of the state and 
 occurrentes of this realme, as also of the good success of 
 my own pryvate causes within the same. My Lorde 
 Deputie " hath of late made a iourney into the Counties 
 of Offaly and Leys, where he fownde thinges in verry good 
 ordre, and so ar aU the countrees where our own countre- 
 men ar either SeneschaUes or Sheriefes. His L., comyng 
 to Kylkennye, caused execucion to be doon vpon a great 
 nombre of Edward ButHers followers, and also dyvers 
 others at Waterforde; not by martyall lawe, but by 
 
 ^ State Paper Office. Irish Cor. ^ Sir Heury Sydney. 
 
208 
 
 APPENDIX H. 
 
 veredicte of twelve men, orderly : whiche is so good an 
 example, and terror, vnto the countree, as (I suppose) it 
 will remayne in better quiet thereby a long tyme here- 
 after. Howe vigilant and careful! his L. is for the 
 preservacion of this common wealthe in good ordre I 
 neade not to write, for that the same is apparent vnto aU 
 mens eyes ; as, if they offre hym not open wronge, they 
 muste neades acknoweledge his industrye and diligence 
 therin. 
 
 As concerning my own pryvate causes, the same 
 remayne in sorte foUowinge. The matter betwene the 
 Cavanaghes and me, touching the Baronye of Odrone, 
 being sondry tymes debated at the Counsel! boorde 
 before the Counsell and Judges of this realme by their 
 learned counsell and myne, at length, vpon good delibera- 
 cion, and just grounde, was adjudged by them, vnder their 
 decree and handes, to bee my rightfull inheritaunce, 
 whiche, also, was afterwardes confyrmed by his L. ; who 
 having iirst harde som parte therof, and proceading after- 
 wardes in this saide iourney, comitted thordre and iudge- 
 ment of the same vnto them. Whiche decree I have 
 also exemplified vnder the greate seale of this realme. I 
 had also to doo with a Knight of this lande, named S'' 
 Christopher Chevers, ' for seven townes he holdeth in the 
 Countie of Methe, whoj after two or three hearinges of 
 the same at the CounseU boorde, before the saide iudges, 
 intreated to have it debated pryvately betwene frendes, 
 and to bee referred vnto the iudgement and determyna- 
 cion of S"' Thomas Cusacke,^ ffor observing whose ordre 
 
 ' Sir Christopher Chivers was Knighted by Sii- Henry Sydney about the 
 year 1666. 
 
 ' Sir Thomas Cusack, Judge of the Common Pleas in Ireland, 1534 ; 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer there, 1534—6 ; Speaker and Privy Councillor, 
 ]51ilj Master of the Rolls, 151-2-50; Lord Keeper, 1546; Lord Chan- 
 
APPENDIX H. 209 
 
 theriiij either of us entered into several bondes of two 
 thousand poundes a peece. He shewed furth a convey- 
 aunce from an awncestor of myne, named Sir Nicholas 
 Carewe, dated the xxiij*^ yere of the reign of King Henry 
 the sixte, for one of those townes called Maston, wherein 
 standeth his own Mansyon Castle. But the same was so 
 newe of ynke, parchement, and waxe, as it is not thought 
 to bee of that age and substaunce it was alleaged to be. 
 ffor thother sixe townes he was not hable to shewe any 
 suflEicient matter, but wolde fayne have made them to be 
 parcell of Maston, whiche I disproved by sondry polle 
 deades, mentionyng the same to bee several manors of 
 them selfes. Mr. Chevers offered me eighteen yeres pur- 
 chase for so many townes as he was not hable to make 
 good title vnto, whiche I, of my self, graunted hym for 
 fyfteen yeres purchase, to bee viewed and rated by indif- 
 ferent persones, chosen on bothe partes. I feare me I 
 have byn to tedyous, and therefore doo referre the further 
 reaporte of my matters vnto this bearer, vnto whom if it 
 shall please you to give creadit he shall enforme your 
 honor therof at large. And thus, as one who thynketh 
 hym self your bounden duringe lief, with right humble 
 thankes for your greate and many curtesyes, and like 
 comendacions, doo ende. ffrom Dublyn the xxvj*'' of 
 December 1568. 
 
 Your honors to comaunde 
 
 P Carew. 
 To the right honorable §• my especial 
 
 good frend Sir William Cecill, 
 
 Knight, Chief Secretary vnto the 
 
 Quenes Ma*'"', and one of her 
 
 highnes most honorable pryvye 
 
 Counsell. 
 
 cellor, 1550—1555 ; one of the Commissioners to reside in Munster, 1564. 
 Died 30th Jimc, 1572. 
 
210 APPENDIX H. 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 Sir Peter Carew to Sir W. Cecill. ' 
 
 Mr. Secretarie, havinge recovered by decree, as also 
 by the Common Lawe, the Barony of Odrone, my Lorde 
 Deputie, beinge careffull how, without the overmiche 
 dhardge of the Quenes highnes, the L. L. presydentes 
 to be here placed may have there interteynement, hath 
 dealed with me, about too monethes past, to know whether 
 I coidde be contented, having the house of Leighlyn with 
 thappurtenance, to dysbordon her Mat'« of the garryson 
 there ; whereunto I, thinckinge his L. to have had suf- 
 fycient power, comyssion, & authoritie yn this behalff, haue 
 yelded and geven my consent, yn hope to do her highnes 
 good service, with the dewtie of her most trustie & 
 faythfull subgecte. Whervpon his L., cassynge' that 
 bande, and dyschardginge Stukeleighe from thouse, hath 
 placed me yn the sayde house. Sythens he is advertised 
 from you that her highnes pleasure is all suche offyces as 
 Stukeleighe had sholde be wholy delyvered vnto Nichs 
 White,' yn whiche generalitie the house of Leighlyn, with 
 
 ' State Paper Office. Irish Cor. ^ Disbanding. 
 
 ^ Nicholas White was the second son of Sir James White, of Waterford. 
 In the beginning of 1569 he was sent into Ireland, being one of the Conncil 
 there. On his arrival at Colsell on his journey, the wind being contrary, 
 he took the opportunity of visiting Tutbury Castle, whither Mary Queen of 
 Scots had been conveyed from Bolton in the preceding month. A very 
 interesting letter from him to Cecil, describing his interview with her 
 Majesty, has been published by Mr. Wright in his " Queen Elizabeth and 
 her Times," vol. i., p. 3(f7. We find in the State Paper Office a letter 
 from White to Sir WiUiam Cecil, dated 10th March, 1569, relative to his 
 affairs in Ireland and the offices to which he liad been appointed. He says ; 
 After those offices whereunto her Ma"« hath apointed me, he (the Lord 
 Deputy) said he would as nere as he could, accomplish her highnes pleasm-e 
 
APPENDIX H. 211 
 
 the chatdge therof, seemethe to be comprysed. But, 
 forasmiche as I am allredy, & was before the recepte of 
 your letterSj placed theriiij and the whole countrie rounde 
 aboute beinge myn owne enheritaunce, now yn my pos- 
 sessyon, and yn good & quiet estate ; if I sholde now be 
 removed & dysplaced, many wolde thincke the Queues 
 highnes dyd not staunde my good Ladye ; bysydes my L. 
 acte here cannot be revoked without some his dyscredytt ; 
 and to my selff it must nedes be a greate reproche, with 
 some daunger & hasarde which may ensewe if the fekle 
 people, now quyeted & yn stay, sholde, vpon chaunge, 
 seke to be at lybertie. 
 
 The house at Leighlyn, beinge but bare walles, 
 standethe yn the my die of my baronye, the whole land 
 rounde about beinge myn owne, savinge a small porcon, 
 which, with the house, is of the yerely rent of xlvj^. viij"*. 
 irishe. "Whosoever shall dwell therein, bysides my selff, 
 cannot there meanteane any chardge or famylye, oneles 
 he do exacte vpon me & my tenauntes. I do thincke, 
 therefor, that as no man yn this Lande, having not the 
 Quenes interteynment, nor yet any comodytie there, will 
 either supplante me, or dysbourden her highnes of the 
 yerely chardge of eight hundrethe markes, for seven 
 
 therein. And first touching the house at Lawghlin, he sayd he had dis- 
 charged the ward there before my cominge, and Eeeomended a very 
 beneficial ofier made by Sir Peter Carew, bothe for the keping therof, and 
 thexercising of the Rules belonging thereto, without her Ma'^ chardge, in 
 whose possession the house then presently stood. White was knighted 
 by Sir John Perrot, when Lord Deputy, and in 1572 made Master of the 
 Rolls, but subsequently fell into disgrace, and died a prisoner in the Tower 
 of London. He married four times. First, a sister of Sir Thomas Cusack ; 
 
 secondly, Isabel, daughter of Devereux, of the Co. of Wexford, and 
 
 widow of Sherlock, of that county ; thirdly, a daughter of Finglas ; 
 
 fourthly, a daughter of Brewton, who subsequently married Robert Hai-poole 
 the younger. Constable of Catherloghe. See note 6, p. 237. 
 
212 
 
 APPENDIX H. 
 
 nobles, (wHch is thonely recompense that I will seeke) 
 onles it be for privye malice & despite towardes me, 
 which, I hope, I have not deserved, and, therefor, none 
 will, I trust, shew me so miche iniurie. Thorder devised 
 & purposed for the plantynge of Englysh men yn this 
 countrie, for the makinge & buildynge of Townes which 
 shalbe replenyshed with all sortes of Englyshe artyficers, 
 and many other thinges purposed and apoynted for the 
 good government, quietnes, & stay of this countrie, shall, 
 by sequel] of my doinges, & yn tynie, appeare to the 
 acquittall of my faythe & truth yn her highnes service, 
 and to the benefytt of this comonwelthe; whereunto 
 I have suche regarde, and am so beat to the foUowenge 
 thereof, that be you assured, M"". Secretarie, that I will 
 rather content my selff with one hundreth poundes to 
 compasse these exploytes, & to kepe the same yn quiet 
 stay & good safiS.tie, then to receve fyve hundrethe poundes 
 yn daunger & hasarde. 
 
 My L. Depute, as he is most paynfFull yu her highnes 
 service, and careffuU to geue & exequute iustice & iudge- 
 ment yn all matters betwene parties, so haue I founde 
 him, yn my iust suetes, to be my verie good L., to whom 
 I pray you, yn my behalff, to geve him your hartie 
 thanckes. Thus I am allwaies bolde to troble you yn all 
 my suetesj havynge my close & specyall refuge vnto you, 
 prayeinge yon to contynewe my good frend, and to have 
 suche consyderacion of me & my causes, & as the neces- 
 sytie of my estate requirethe, & to your wisedome shall 
 seme best. And thus, with my humble & dewe comenda- 
 cions, I ende. ffrom Dublyn the xxiij of februarie 1568 
 
 (1568-9). 
 
 Your assured 
 
 to command 
 
 P Carew. 
 
APPENDIX H. 213 
 
 No. 5. 
 Sir Peter Carew to Sir William CeciV 
 
 Good Mr. Secretarie. havinge recovered the baronye 
 of Odrone I do now lye yn the house of Leighlyn, where 
 I do fynde the Countrie yn quiet order^ and they who 
 sometymes were compted Lordes, contented, now, to lyve 
 vnder me, & become my tennauntes. The house, as you 
 knowe, is the Quenes, and hath onely seaven nobles by 
 the yere out of it, and, yn consideracion I have dys~ 
 bourdened her of the garryson there, whiche was 
 chardgeable to her eight hundredthe markes by the yere, 
 if it may please her I might have the fee farm therof to 
 me & to myn heirs, I wiU bestowe money, bothe in forty- 
 fyenge & renewenge the house, as, also, buylde a Towne 
 there, & replenysh the same with aU sortes of artyfycers. 
 I do not mynde to departe hense before I have set all my 
 thinges yn good & quyett staye, and, therefore, presently, 
 I have sent for my wyf hether. In my sutes here I have 
 founde the better frendship for your sake, and surely miche 
 beholdynge to S"^ Thomas Cusacke, whom I founde so 
 indyflferent yn my causes with the Cavenaghes, that I 
 referred to his iudgement my whole matter yn questyon 
 betwene S"^ Christopher Chivers and me : and therin he 
 hath shewed him selflf vpright and indyfferent, adiudgyng 
 vnto me suche & so many townes as by my Evydence dyd 
 appear to be my right : I am miche bounden vnto him for 
 it, whiche beinge donne for your sake, I do most humbley 
 pray you to send hym your letters of thanckes, whiche he 
 both will take yn most thanckfuU parte, as also thincke 
 
 ' state Paper OfBce. Irish Cor. 
 
214 APPENDIX H. 
 
 himself miche bounden unto you. The bearer hereof is 
 my deere frende,' & he who hath travelled yn all my 
 causes yn this Lande, and presently hathe certeyne matters 
 to move you concernynge the comon welth of this realme, 
 which he will breake vnto you. I am so bolde to com- 
 mende him vnto you, prayenge that he may have your 
 best furtherence & frendship, with dyspatche, that he may 
 returne hether, as he hathe apoynted : for I shall thincke 
 it longe or he do come. And so, with my humble 
 comendacions to you, & to my good Ladye, I ende. flrom 
 Leighlyn the xxviij of Marche 1569. 
 
 Your assured to 
 
 Command 
 
 P Carew. 
 
 To the honorable Sr William Cecyll, 
 Knight, pryncypall Secretarie to 
 the Quenes Ma §• one of her most 
 honorable previa Counsayle, geve 
 these. 
 
 No. 6. 
 The Earl of Ormoncf to Sir William Cecil." 
 
 Sir — having com to this sitte yeaster night, I fownd 3 
 of my men that cam a twsday from Waterford, by whome 
 
 ' The bearer was Hooker, and his suit probably had reference to the 
 printing of the Statutes of Ireland, to execute which, at his own cost, he was 
 granted a license by the Lord Deputy and Council in the preceding year. 
 The original license may be found among the Lamb. MSS., No. 605, fol. 3. 
 Hooker represented Athenry in the Lower House. 
 
 ^ Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormonde and 3rd of Ossery. See note 1, 
 p. 87. 
 
 8 State Paper Office. Irish Cor. 
 
APPENDIX H. 215 
 
 I vnderstand there wear, this month, serten incownters 
 betwene Syr Peter Carew and my brothers men, and also 
 my brother him self incowntered twis with Syr Peter, 
 Capten Gilbert being with him, and som of my brothers 
 men. Sir Peter & Gilbert salied owt of Kilkeny with 200 
 horsses, and set vpon 400 footmen or somwhat more, and 
 slew a fowr score, of all sortes, among which 2 Captens of 
 galeglas that wear tall felloes, and alway sarued with me 
 wear slayne, not without loss of Sir Peters horsmen.^ 
 About the 9"* of this moneth Syr Peter sent som of his 
 horsmen to take hay from a mede of my brothers, and 
 my brother seing hit gaue charge vpon them with 20 
 horses, and slew 14, at lest, as my men say, of Syr Peters 
 horsmen. Syr Peter, the 3 tyme, gathered a great com- 
 pany, m^y brother being from home, and assawted my 
 brothers hows,^ hauing in hit but 8 men, and wanne hit, 
 and put them to the swerd, and also did execusion rpon 
 all the wemen and children that wear in the hows, and 
 among all there was an honest ienteU mans son in the 
 hows, not 3 year old, that was also murdered. This viell 
 enterprise was not ended without loss of Syr Peters syde 
 of som suche as he dothe lament. This is the order now 
 a dayes to com by the possession of my brothers landes, 
 and to make the better quarell to his lyuinge my 1. depu- 
 tye proclamed him rebell. I hope the Queues maiesty, 
 of her grasiose goodnes, woll think of this manner of deal- 
 ing with her subiects. Now, syr, mark the mischefe 
 happened in this tyme, my countrye is invaded by the 
 traytors James fytz moris, and Mackarty More, with all 
 the menne and frends they haue, to the nomber of many 
 thousands, mo in report then I beleve canne be trwe. 
 
 ' See Narrative, p. 94. ^ See Narrative, p. 93. 
 
216 APPENDIX H. 
 
 They haue vtterly spoyled my countrey of corn, cattell, 
 and all I have, so as there is not one plow going in the 
 hole county of KUkeny/ nor any liuing creature remayn- 
 ing in hit, saving such as kepe my howses and castels in 
 the contrey, which I do hear lack powder. Besyd this 
 they haue taken all my horses, so as I know not, when I 
 land, what to do, nor how to get to my 1. deputye, who 
 hath sit so long still. Land I woll, God willing, in Water- 
 ford, and, if it be possible, I will pass somway, by day or 
 night, thorow my contrey, if I may get horses. Hit was 
 never sene that any traytor remayned one night in camp 
 in my contrey, whyle I sarued in Ireland. Sir, I lament 
 to hear of this wicked tyme. I wold God I had one 
 thousand men at my landing in Waterford, to try my 
 fortune among these caterpiUers. The Queues Maiestye 
 
 1 The spoliation was not confined to the County of Kilkenny. In the 
 State Paper OiEce is a letter from the Mayor and Corporation of Cork, dated 
 26i/h June, 1569, reporting that "the rebels under James Fitzmoris and 
 Me Cartie More, had assaulted and taken the house of Traeton, which they 
 had spoiled and defaced, as well as the house of Carrygleyne, that divers men, 
 as well English as Irish, were slain, and that none of the rehels were killed. 
 They add that the rebels bragg that they will take the town of Kinsale, as 
 also Cork. It is commonly reported," they continue, " that help cometh 
 unto them from Spain, and that the Butlers are of this eonfedracy. The 
 whole country between Cork and Kinsale is destroyed." There is another 
 letter from the Mayor and Corporation of Youghal to the Lord Deputy, 
 dated the same day, applying for sixty soldiers, and a barrel of gunpowder. 
 They say : " As far as we can perceive and understand if your Ijordship do not 
 come hether in all haste with a mayne armye, all the whole countrye is like to 
 be overthrowne." There is also a copy of an information by William Swete- 
 man, of CaseUyf, Co. Kilkenny, dated 27th July, 1569, of an interview with 
 Sir Edmund Butler, from which it appears that Sir Edmund declared that 
 in this quarrel he would not be ruled by the Earl of Ormond, and that he 
 had exhibited treaties between James Fitzmaurice, Tyrlogh Lynogh, aud 
 himself. Two days after tills the Butlers were joined by Fitzmaurice and 
 Clancarty. 
 
APPENDIX H. 217 
 
 had nede look well to this. I pray you if her Maiestye 
 send hether any soldiors, procure that I may haue som 
 resonable nomber of them with such as I may haue of 
 myne owne contreymenne, for I assure you I wold not 
 wyllingly trost my self among them alone^ without I haue 
 som inglish sowldiors among them-, tyll I haue tryed their 
 sarvice, which euer^ heretofore, hath been good and faith- 
 full, and I hope woU be so now ; but I woU not assure 
 hit tyll ther dedes shew hit. The 1. deputy was not well 
 aduised to sofiFer James Fits moris of desmond and therle 
 of Clinkern,^ to make this invasion in the Cowntye of Kil- 
 keny. The dishonor is great, the loss is more. Old 
 Grace,* my man, landed 3 weeks ago in Waterford, sore 
 handled with the gowt, my brother, hearing of his being 
 there, cam to the watersyde to talk with him, Grace was 
 caried betwen men to his bote, and, in the bote, talked 
 with my brother, who asked, very ernestly, of the queues 
 maiesty, the other told hym, she was in helthe and uery 
 well, " no, no," sese he, " I know well enogh she is poy- 
 soned, and my brother put into the towr, and there put 
 to death." My man told hym he might know my hand 
 wryting, he awnswered, my letter bore an old date. He 
 asked agen, twis, if the queue wear aliue, the other swar 
 she was aliue, and in good helthe as euer she was j "'wellj" 
 sese my brother, " if my 1. be aliue, and that I may se 
 him, I woU beleue his word, and then woU I go into 
 England and let her highnes know how I am delt withall 
 by my L. Deputye, and syr Peter Garew." I assure you, 
 syr Peter, dealing for his land, hath made all the Us, and 
 men of lining, dwelling owt of the inglish pale, think 
 
 1 See note 1, p. 102. ' Sir Oliver Grace. See note 3, p. 237. 
 
218 
 
 APPENDIX H. 
 
 ther is a conquest ment to be made of all ther contrese, 
 and I do here that serten foolish letters, written in som 
 fond sort by M"^- Warham Sentleger/ or som other^ be 
 com to the hands of diuers hear. How they haue wrytten 
 I know not, but, by God, if hit be as my men tell me, 
 those that haue sarued the queue always, hetherto, faith- 
 fully and trwely, ar now in dowtfuU termes ; I mean som 
 of great callinge, I omit to name them tyll I do know 
 the troth, for if God send methether I woll talk with them 
 and put them owt of mistrust, and hope to satisfye them 
 afore they go to extremitese. Suerly these rashe dealings 
 in matters of land, and these ill brwtes of the Queues 
 Maiestyes death, haue don more harm then many think 
 of; they shold be founde owt and punished to the death 
 that first bruted these newes of her maiesty. Syr, sins 
 
 ^ Sir Warham St. Leger, son of William, eldest son of Sir Anthony St. 
 Leger, of Ulcomb, Co. Kent, several times Lord Justice of Ireland, by Agnea, 
 daughter of Hugh Warham, of Croydon, Co. Kent, and niece of William 
 Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury. He was Deputy Governor of Munster 
 in 1600, and was slain, on the 4th March in that year, in an encounter 
 with Sir Hugh Maguire, Lord of Fermanagh, in which both the combatants 
 
 were killed. Sir Warham St. Leger married Ellis, daughter of 
 
 Euther, a merchant of Kilkenny, and widow, successively, of Henry Davels 
 (see note, p. 75) and Humphrey Mackworth, another Msh Captain, who 
 was killed by the O'Connors. By this Lady Sir Warham left two sons, 
 Anthony and William. 
 
 Archdale makes the Sir Warham St. Ledger, who was killed in 1600, 
 the eldest son of Sir Anthony, but this is evidently a mistake. We find 
 among the State Papers mention made of another Sir Warham St. Leger. 
 He writes from Fleet-street, oa the 25th May, 1594, to Lord Buckliurst, 
 and complains of the sciatica in his left hip, and sends a paper to be read to 
 her Majesty for the service of Ireland; while the Sir Warham, who was 
 killed in 1600, writes from Cork (November, 1599) to Essex, that Sir George 
 Thornton was sworn of the Council before Old Sir Warham St. Leger, at 
 Skiddies Castle. Old Sir Warham was, without doubt, the eldest son of 
 Sir Anthony, and consequently the uncle of Sir Warham the younger. 
 
APPENDIX H. 219 
 
 these byckerii^ chawnsed, I hear my brother is in very 
 ill cace, Grod help him ! for he neuer rests, he slepes httell, 
 and eats very littell. he talkes moche, especially of the 
 quenes death, sayeng if she wear aliue he shold not be 
 thus vsed. My men fear he wolbe slayne, for he dothe 
 somtyme ride, hauing but 3 or 4 with him, toward Syr 
 Peter Caro, and els whear. his men are lothe to send him 
 to any hows of myne, lest my 1. deputye shold vse extre- 
 mitie to him. if he com not of him self I woU caws him 
 to be taken, and I pray you procure her maiesties letter, 
 with spede, to my 1. deputy, that I may kepe him at my 
 hows till God restore him to some better order ; but a 
 wiser man then he might be brought besyd him self thus. 
 Pardon my scribled tediose letter, which I now ende, 
 wishing the amendment of all disorders. I well advertise 
 the sertenty of these and other matters to you hear after, 
 as they shall fall owt. God send you as well to do as I 
 wysh. from bristoU the 24 July (1569). 
 
 Yours assured 
 
 Thomas Oemonde. 
 
 I pray you forget not to move 
 the Queue that I may haue 
 some IngHsh Soldiers in my 
 chardge when they go ouer. 
 
 [Thereisa further postsaript, of some length, relative to the 
 supply of Wheat and Malt, and a last of powder for his 
 country. '\ 
 
 On the 28th of August, 1569, the Earl of Ormond 
 wrote to Sir William Cecil from Waterford, announcing 
 his arrival at Boslare, in the County of Wexford, on the 
 14th, and relating the endeavours he had used to see the 
 
220 APPENDIX H. 
 
 Lord Deputy, in which he had been unsuccessful. His 
 Lordship could not spare any men to conduct him through 
 the rebels, but desired Ormond to meet him at Kil- 
 mallock, or Limerick. He expresses his desire to see his 
 brethren, but is afraid of doing so without authority, on 
 account of the laws against Captainry, and Coyne, and 
 Livery.' He states his intention of setting forth to meet 
 his brethren, and adds the following postscript, enclosing 
 letters from them. 
 
 Postscript. 
 
 I do send you 2 letters ' to be showed to her maiesty 
 and the Cownsell, which my brother sir edmond, and my 
 brother Edwarde, wrote to me ; these letters came to me 
 to waterford, by them you may vnderstand how truely my 
 1. deputy (if hit be as I heare) did advertise of them, and 
 how trewe Owen Mores ' speches wear, that he talked of 
 them openly in Court, and other places, and to m^y great 
 grefe and dishonor; but I hope that my brethern woU 
 prove my 1. his masters aduertisments in most things, and 
 his speches, to be vntrue. I do assure you they sent 
 diners of there men to me prayeng me that I wold let 
 them com vnto me, which I refused, becaws you know I 
 was first wylled to repayr to my 1. deputye, and had the 
 queues letters to be deliuered to hym. I hope, or hit be 
 long, to aduertis better of them then ther accusers wold 
 be glad I shold Before God I nothing dowt there 
 
 ' See note 1, p. eiii. ^ For these letters, see pp. 223 and 232. 
 
 ' Owen More was descended from a family of that name residing at 
 Beddenden, Co. Kent. He was Mnster Master in Ireland, and married 
 the widow of Henry Draycott, Master of the KoUs (see note 2, p. 74), but 
 left no issue. 
 
APPENDIX H. 221 
 
 comming to me, nor ther obediens in performing any 
 thing her Maiesty woll comand them. Yours as 
 before. 
 
 Thomas Ormonde & Oss. 
 
 No. 6'. 
 
 Roger Hoker to the Lord Chancellor} 
 
 Right Honorable. It may please your Honour for 
 the savegarde of hir Ma*« house here at Laughlin, I am 
 constrayned to request some ayde of your honour, for that 
 we doe understand there is arryved at Duolin fyftie Soul- 
 diers out of England this last weke past. Yf it shall 
 please your Honour to send them hither with as con- 
 venient spede as may be the soner the better. For upon 
 Tewsdaie in the mornyng last, one houre before daie, 
 Peirs Butler, with divers other rebells to the nomber of 
 thirtie horsmen and twoe hundred Came, spoiled the 
 whole towne of Lawghlin of all their goodes and catteU 
 to the nomber of one thousand marks, and burned a Ixx 
 houses, killed ix men, and hurt thre or foure, and burned 
 foure younge children. And not being satisfied with this, 
 but doth every daie threaten us to besiege the house, and 
 myndeth to assaulte yt very shortlie. Therfore I 
 humblie request your goode L. to consider of yt, that 
 the enemye may not have that advantage to gette this 
 house from us, for we are very weake to withstand there 
 force. My Lord Deputie lefte, at his goyng from hence 
 towardes the west partes, one hundred Came to guarde 
 and kepe the countrie from spoiling, and not any one for 
 
 ' State Paper Office. Irish Cor. 
 
 z2 
 
223 APPENDIX H. 
 
 the keping of the house' but my Mrs. owne housholde 
 servauntes, which are not ahove xii parsons servisable 
 meUj which is a small company for this house. We are 
 scant able to defend one quarter of yt yf we be very 
 feirslie sette upon. I wolde surelie have written unto 
 my L. Deputie in this behalfe but that the streightes are 
 kepte, for the passing of any messengers with letters, by 
 the rebelles, that either they be hanged, spoiled, and ther 
 letters loked in and tome. Thus goode my L. I humbhe 
 beseche your honour to consider of our estate here, and 
 send us your men that are there, and they shall have 
 victualls provided for them that they shall not want. 
 Thus being bolde to troble your honoure with my scribled 
 letter craving your helpe for the Queue's Majesty's 
 better service. And yf your L. doe send these men, as 
 our hope is your L. will, that they be furnyshed with 
 munycion and powder as apperteineth. Thus praieng 
 to Almightie god for the safe retoume of my L. Deputie 
 with all his hoste, and for the encrease of your honour's 
 prosperitie and healthe, with my humble and bounden 
 dewtie. From Laughlin this x*'» of August, 1569. 
 
 Your Honours humble and faithfull 
 
 to commaunde, as your dailie Orator, 
 
 Roger Hoker.' 
 
 ' Here Sir Peter kept ready 100 horsemen, besides footmen and 100 
 kernes, and it was absolutely necessary, for in the expressive language of 
 the annalist, Thaddy Dowhng, it was " Diaboli contra Petrum Carew !" 
 
 ' Although little is known of Roger Hooker, as being the father of 
 Richard Hooker, the eminent divine, his history possesses deep interest for 
 every member of the Church of England. It appears from a pedigree in 
 the possession of some descendants of the family still residing, at Exeter, 
 
APPJ3NDIX H. 223 
 
 No. 7. 
 Sir Edmund Butler to the Earl of Ormonde} 
 
 My veary good Lord and brother, if I shuld at lardge 
 discourse to youe of all suche spites and iniuries as I 
 haue, from tyme to tyme, receaved, as well by vyell 
 opprobrious speaches, at my L. Deputies bandes, in open 
 audience, with threatening vroordes touching my life, as 
 also, in extreme bolstering and ay ding S"^ Peter Carewe 
 againste me, seking, without any order or proces of lawe, 
 vtterly to dispossesse me of my livinge by force, incor- 
 
 that Roger Vowell, alias Hoker, or Hooker, his father, was thrice married. 
 By his third wife, Agnes, daughter of John Doble, of Woodbridge, Co. 
 Suffolk, he had issue Anthony, who died s.p., Eoger, and John, the author 
 of this narative. Our first notice of Roger will be found on p. 202, where his 
 brother introduces him to Sir Peter Carew. He appears previously to have 
 been in the service of Sir Thomas Chaloner, and then in that of the Lady 
 Mountjoy, probably Ann, daughter of Robert Lord Willoughby, of Broke, 
 and Widow of Charles, fifth Baron Mountjoy. Upon the recommendation 
 there given. Sir Peter, doubtless, took him into his service, and carried him 
 into Ireland, where we find him at the date of this letter. 
 
 It is observable that when Richard Hooker performed his pilgrimage of 
 fiUal piety in walking from Oxford to Exeter, which must have been in the 
 year 1571, the journey is said to have been undertaken to see his mother. 
 No mention is made of his father, which is accounted for by the fact that 
 the latter was then in Ireland. We find no other record of Roger Hooker 
 until 1580, when he was instituted to the Deanery of Leighlin. There is 
 nothing to show that he was in Holy Orders, but, in those days, that wa« 
 not always considered an indispensable qualification for such an oflice, which 
 perhaps the influence of the Carews, which was great in Ireland, procured 
 for him. It is recorded that whilst he was Dean, together with " Master 
 Wood," one of his chapter, he was carried off as prisoner by Maurice 
 K&veunagh, of the Garquil. Roger Hooker died in 1591. His wife's 
 name was Joan. 
 
 ' State Paper Office. Irish Cor. 
 
224 APPENDIX H. 
 
 radginge the said S' Peter ' thereto by a great nambre of 
 the quenes army, commanded to assist him therin ; beinge 
 oppressed by thies and other ill dealinges, could not but 
 shon his presence, for myn owne saulfegard, till suche 
 tyme as by my letters of complainte, directed at sundry 
 tymes to you to be declared to the quenes Ma^'^, I might, 
 by hir gracious commandment, have redresse, (whiche 
 otherwise I was cleane owte of hope to haue). And for 
 shonninge further inconvenience dispatched my letters to 
 your L. craving pasporte at the quenes Ma**^ handes to 
 exhibite my grevous complaintes before her heighnes in 
 Ingland, in whom was my onely hope to haue redresse. 
 And beinge, after this, dealte withaU by the viscounte 
 balsinglass and Mr. Richard Sheethe of Kilkeuy, sent 
 from my Lorde Deputy in comission, to perswade with 
 me to repaire to his L., I offered, vppon my said Lordes 
 proteccon, so to do presently, being desirous bothe to 
 declare my greffes vnto him, and also to same the quenes 
 Ma*i^ with him in Conaghte, or in any other place wheare 
 his L. would command me, (which I then offred to doe) 
 with xij men, at your L. and myn owne chardges, without 
 any intertaynment of hir Ma*'% and therof haue sent my 
 letters to my lorde Deputy, whoe sent me no aunswere, but 
 keapt my messenger prisoner in the Castell of Dublia ever 
 sethens. I hoped, in the meane tyme, to haue vnderstand 
 from your L. som parte of hir hieghnes pleasure ; this pro- 
 teccon my L. Deputy wold not send me, and when I was 
 advertised therof by the said M"". Sheethe, I did well 
 
 » In the State Paper OfSce is a letter from Sir Peter Carew to Sir 
 William Cecil, dated 27tli October, 1569, in which he states that he made 
 no disturbance to any of Sir Edmund Butler's possessions until he was 
 appointed to repress his disorderly proceedings. 
 
APPENDIX H. 235 
 
 vnderstand my lordes good will ; wherof I was warned 
 also by diuers that weare with him. And shonnyng my 
 selfe hereoppon from my L. daunger, I was assaulted by 
 Peter Carewe, accompanyed with 300 horse of the quenes 
 Army, appointed to him by my lorde Deputy, at the hiU 
 of Kilmokary, where, thinking to haue my selfe, they set 
 vppon som of my L. gaUeglas, sodenly taken vnarmed, 
 who, like fooles, went into a plaine feld to withstand his 
 chardge j at whiche tyme he slewe 2 Capitains, with 30 of 
 your men, and aboute fiftie rascall, but alas ! if my 
 fortune had bene to haue bene with the gaUeglas, I doubte 
 not but peter might haue lost his better eye. I heare he 
 avaunted by letters that he had slayne many mo, but 
 your L. may assure your selfe hit is moste vntrewe, and 
 that those weare slayne did the quene, in all hir warres, 
 better service, vnder your leading, then euer peter did ; 
 (who then were slayne of Sir peters side, he dothe well 
 to leave owte). Nowe, perceavinge by thies dealinges 
 how my selfe was sought, I was content, for my more 
 defence, to accepte the company of James fitz moris of 
 Desmond (who sought vppon me firste, before I thought 
 to haue to do with him) to make me the habler to revenge 
 my cause vpon Carewe. So, for to be revenged vppon 
 one enemy, I was content to yoine with another; but, 
 emonge other enyuries that my L. Deputy hathe done me 
 this is one of the greatest, that he sayeth, and hathe 
 advertised, that I am the chefe maker of these warres in 
 Ireland. In dede, his government had nede of som coUor 
 to cloke his doinges, for nowe he makes Peter Carewe's 
 cause the quenes Ma**^ quarell. No, no, my L., be I 
 madd, or be I sadd, what so ever they reporte of me, this 
 harte of myne shall never yeld to false my trouthe to the 
 quenes Ma*'« and her Crowne. I haue loste to moche 
 
226 APPENDIX H. 
 
 of my blodd in hir service to be a traitor to hir^ or to take 
 parte mitli any man against hir Deputy in the feld, be he 
 never so muche my foe. I defie James fitz moris to deney 
 that I did not excepte my duty to the queue in all my deal- 
 inges with him^ and refused to consent to the bringinge 
 in of SpaniardeSj and the putting vp of the masse, whiche 
 thinges James was earnest with me for, and before I 
 agreed with him, after I was proclaymed, I had him sworne 
 not to bringe in any Spaniardes, nor desire me, nor any 
 of myn, to vse any other religion then suche as hir Ma"* 
 sett forth ; beside this I vtterly refused to go westward to 
 Corke, or to any other way to yoine in battayle with him 
 and the Earle of Clyncarthy againste my lord Deputie, 
 onely for my trouthe and duties sake to her Ma*'", and 
 not for any love I bare S'^ henrie Sidney, or peter Carewe ; 
 for I protest to God, I could be content to dye to be re- 
 venged v'ppon them, so it were no offence to the queue, 
 nor perill to hir state. Judge your L. if I had not cause 
 by these there dealinges to beleve that whiche was re- 
 ported of the queues ma**^ death, and of your beinge put 
 to the twore afterward and there executed, as I herd, and 
 did the rather beleve the same for that I herd not from 
 your honor, and (that not withstanding I had a pasporte 
 for my selfe and my men from the queues M*'«), my men 
 were not suffred to passe to learne the certaintye therof. 
 This dealing semed as straunge to others as to me, seing 
 me thus handled that had alwayes sarved againste rebelles 
 & traitors, being of an auncient house, vnspotted, shuld be 
 over throwen vtterly, without order, by the spite & malice 
 of my afore named accusers. Oh, brother ! who can 
 abid the name of a traitor or rebell, or to what end shall I 
 lyve if I may not be revenged vppon suche as haue thus 
 proclaymed me, without other cause then for shonning of 
 
APPENDIX H. 227 
 
 there presence for myn owne saulty ? Alas ! that the 
 queue kuewe howe she is delte withall, and howe hir 
 treasure is consumed among such cormorantes as sarve 
 more to enrichen them selfes by hir then for any quiet or 
 good order they devise for the state of the land. I am 
 lefte not worthe a peny in this worldj for my house of 
 Cloghegrenan (whiche Carewe toke) I willed to be de- 
 liuered to my lorde Deputy (if he did demand hit) and 
 my mauj seing a greate numbre of soldiers come abowte 
 my house, askid if my lorde Deputie were there ? and the 
 others withoute said he was^ and so my man, askinge 
 saulfe conduct to go forthe, & said he wold deliuer hit to 
 my 1. Deputy if he wold have hit as I commanded him 
 to doe. And so, vppon promes of saulf conducte, my man 
 wente forthe and was brought to Peter Carewe, and told 
 that if my lorde Deputie had bene there I commanded 
 him to dehuer the CasteU, if my lorde did require hit. 
 And my man, seing my lorde was not there, desired to be 
 sent saulfe backe againe, and so he that shuld haue saulf 
 conducted him, did murder him in the dore with a dagger 
 (whiche was thrust into his backe) and after with the losse 
 of some of there men, wan my house, and spoiled me of 
 all the plate, houshold stuff, and evidence I had there, 
 with many other thinges ; but S"" Peter neded not myn 
 evydence, seing he dothe wyn land by the swerde. My 
 L. (if the queue allowe of this) who can kepe his living ? 
 there was neuer suche government in any land as is in 
 this, my Lorde Deputy, vnderstanding my man wente over 
 to aduertise your L. of myn estate, whereby you might 
 let the queues highnes vnderstand the same, to thentent 
 hir highnes shuld not prevent his malicious determina- 
 eion, did most spitefully proclaime me traitor the nexte 
 day after my mans departing, and made his proclamacion 
 
228 
 
 APPENDIX H. 
 
 to beare date xiij dayes before hit was proclamed in the 
 countieof Kilkenyj wheare I was and first hard of the same, 
 that I had but one daie to come in after the proclaiming 
 of me there. Oh brother ! suche a proclamacion was 
 never herd of to be against any of my name. It remayneth 
 as a corse vnto my harte. I knowe not whoe ought more 
 earnestly, yea to the death, seke revendge against the 
 doers therof then your L., and for my parte, I thinke any 
 revendge to litle for it, if I may, my duty preserved, 
 requite them for the same. As longe as I had breathe in 
 my bodye I wold not yelde my self into my L. Deputies 
 handes, vnles your L. or some other, were come from the 
 quenes Ma*'^ (whom God alwayes preserve) to receave and 
 save me from his tiranie ; but if your L. sende for me, I 
 meane to come vnto youe, and yeld my selfe and my 
 brethren to the quenes Ma*'^^ will and commandment, so 
 that we be insured to receave no harm by the L. Deputy, 
 from whose iudgment we appeale to hir hieghnes, who, 
 I hope, woll not be leade awaye by the malicious devises 
 and vntrewe reportes of oure enemyes, that haue threatned 
 to sitt on my skirtes, and make my harte stringes ake, 
 whiche I confesse to haue bene done by proclaiming me 
 traitor. The doble dealing, threatning of my life, and 
 other spites that my L. Deputy vsed towardes me, hath 
 given me occasion never to come to his presence, nor to 
 admit him to be my iudge in any of my causes. Althoughe 
 I haue showed as muche curtisie vnto him during this his 
 wilfull Rode with a veary weake company, in restoring 
 vnto him certain of his men that my men chaunced to 
 haue taken, and in staienge my selfe and others from 
 assaultinge him and his army, which we were alwayes able 
 to do, and wold haue done were it not for my dutie is 
 sake to hir Ma*'^, whom I praye God, I soner dye then 
 
APPENDIX H. 229 
 
 I see hir take foile or dishonor in this hir Mifi^^ Eealme 
 which the lorde Deputy daily procurid, if I had not 
 firmly contynued in my trouthe and duty to hir Ma^e. I 
 haue nede of men, lest, vnder coUor of peace, I might be 
 betraied by those that seke my blod and lyving, and to 
 rote oute all hir highnes faithful subieetes, bearing open 
 parte against them with the auncient enemyes of the 
 crowne within this Realme. My Lorde Deputy, also, 
 taketh from me a greate parte of that hir Ma«= bountifully 
 graunted vnto me at my last being in England. I feare 
 this Realme woU never be in quiet while he governith. 
 Sir Peter Carewe being one of the Counsell. I wilbe at aU 
 tymes redy to sarve her Ma«« in this, or any other Realme, 
 where it shall please hir highnes to command me, so as I 
 be not dryven to accompany S"^ henrie Sidney, having 
 proclaymed me traitor, whiche I will never forgive in my 
 harte. Sins I hard of your L. is arryvail I stayed from 
 doing any hurte, and what was done at Innescorphie 
 was vnknowing to me, in the morning, after your land- 
 ing, before I had any certaintye of your comyng. 
 Also, sins youre comynge, I have not sene James fitz 
 moris, but refused, vppon sundrie messadges, to go to 
 him ; hoping that your L. had som comforte for me from 
 hir Mat'«, in whom is my onely trust. And for witnes 
 that my quarrell was againste Carewe & others for my 
 lyving, and not of disobedience to the queues Ma*'^, as 
 my Lorde Deputie reportes, I sent them a chaUendge and 
 craved the combate for me, bothe my brethren, and two 
 of my kinsmen to fight with S'' Peter Carewe, S"" Barnabe 
 fitz patricke,' O Karroll,^ firancis Cosby,' and Gilbert; who 
 
 ' Sir Bamaby Fitzpatrick, eldest son of Barnard MacGill Patrick, 1st 
 Baron of Upper Ossory, by Margaret, eldest daughter of Piers, Earl of 
 
230 APPENDIX H. 
 
 perswaded my L. Deputy thus to deale with me, and vpon 
 there ale benches betraytor me at there pleasure ; or els I 
 oifred my selfe to combate with them all, one after 
 another, before my L. Deputy and the whole Campe, 
 yppon his L. assurance to be indifferent, and so to ende all 
 the quarrell, whereby hir Ma''^^ service might not be 
 hindred vnder coUor of me or my quarrell being made by 
 my L. Deputy other then in dede it is ; but if we be all 
 commanded to serve, it wolbe sene whether those that 
 seke to make me a rebell, or I, doe serve the quene better ; 
 
 Ormond. He was in great favour with King Edward VI, to whom he 
 was a frequent companion, and the object of the young King's warmest 
 affection, as is evinced by the many kind letters the latter wrote him whilst 
 he served as a volunteer in France, under Henry II, against the Emperor, 
 These letters were printed by Horace Walpole at the Strawberry-hill press. 
 He served with great bravery against Sir Thomas Wyatt, at the siege of 
 Leith in 15i)8, and was knighted by Sir Henry Sydney in 1566. He suc- 
 ceeded his father as 2nd Baron of Upper Ossery, and was always faithfid to 
 the English Crown, receiving on many occasions the highest commendations 
 for his meritorious services. In 1560, he married Joan, daughter of 
 Sir Rowland Eustace, Viscount Baltinglass, by whom he had an only 
 daughter. He died in 1581, and was succeeded by his brother Florence. 
 
 2 It is presumed that this was Sir William O'Carrol, Lord of Ely. He 
 surrendered his lands to the Queen by indenture dated 8th March, 1576, 
 and received the same back again under letters patent. 
 
 ' Francis Cosby was a captain of some repute. On the 10th September, 
 1558, for the better service of the Crown, he was constituted General of all 
 the kerne retained in pay in Ireland, with a fee of 3*. 8d, a-day for his 
 better maintenance. In this capacity he assisted at the horrible massacre of 
 many unoffending Irish, at Mullaghmastan, in the year 1577. (^Annals of 
 the Four Masters.) In the partition made by the Earl of Sussex of 
 the Moores' lands in Leux, he had Stradhalye and other lands given unto 
 him. He was twice married. By his first wife, daughter of Oruxton, he 
 had a son, named Alexander, who, with his son (Francis Cosby), by Dorcas, 
 daughter of Sydney, was murdered by the O'Moores. Arnold, Captain 
 Cosby's eldest son by his second marriage, was executed in England for 
 killing the Lord Burghe. Captain Cosby was slain by the rebels, in Birnes 
 country, in 1580. 
 
APPENDIX H. 231 
 
 but in conclusion, the quene must have warres still, by 
 sum devis, or els others should lacke money. I wolde she 
 knewe all as she may and shall if she liste here ynoughe. 
 And althoughe my Lorde Deputy, as I knowe, dothe adver- 
 tise that I stand in the field against the queues Ma*'^, I 
 wold not ly ve that day that I wold fals my worde or trouth 
 to hir Ma**^, for if she commanded me, by the meanest in 
 her kichen, to repaire into england, or els wheare, at any 
 tyme, God never take me into his mercy if I wold not 
 doe hit with a most willing harte, althoughe my lorde 
 Deputy should proclaime me traitor every day, so I were 
 sure not to be betrayed by my afore named enemyes by 
 the wave ; your L. knowes I wrote to you to procure the 
 quenes leave for my goinge over to answere my L. Deputies 
 informacions, fearing his device, which he hath executed 
 in proclayming me ; and I pray God I lyve not a day, 
 when the quenes Ma**^ shall, in hir owne conscience, 
 thinke me vntrewe to hir, what so ever myme enemyes 
 advertise of me. I was compelled by the crueltie of my 
 enemyes to transgresse hir Ma*^^ lawes against my will, 
 for the which I woU most humbly submytt my selfe to 
 her moste gratious mercy, and crave her highnes pardon, 
 where your L. woU appoint me to mete youe, either by 
 your letter, or by any man youe have. I will not faile to 
 come to you, so it be not in any place, where my L. 
 Deputie shalbe present, or wheare he may doe me any 
 hurte; and wishe that vppon my comminge to your L. 
 suche occasion of service might happin, as my truth and 
 forwardnes therin might be tried with the best of myn 
 adversaries. I marvaile but your L. hath written vnto me 
 sethens your aryvale or before, and that youe suffred not 
 my man, Thomas Comerford, to come towardes your L. at 
 your first coming to Waterford, to certifie youe of this my 
 
232 APPENDIX H. 
 
 cruell handlinge, and to know wheare I might come vnto 
 youe my selfe^ to declare my greife vnto youe. And this 
 heseching your L. not to credite any senester reporte of 
 me touching my trewe harte to hir Ma*>«, whiche am at 
 hir commaundement and as redy to bestowe my life, while 
 I have a drop of bind in my body, in her hieghnes service 
 as any man in the world. Thus wishing to her Ma^'e long 
 life, and to all hir trewe subiectes good successe, I leaue. 
 flrom Crossegreny the xxiiij of August 1569. 
 
 Yo' loving brother 
 
 Edmond Eutler. 
 To the right honorable and 
 my very good L. and Bro- 
 ther, the Earle of Ormond 
 and Oss. 
 
 No. 8. 
 Edward Butler to the Earl of Ormonde. ' 
 
 Ryght honorable my singular good lorde and brother. 
 My moste humble duetie remembred, beinge right gladd of 
 your honors sauf retorne home, which was allmost to slowe. 
 My veray good lorde, altho myn absence sethens your 
 honors landinge is grevous vnto me, yet thoccasion therof 
 is my greater greif, and as great vnto me in manner as 
 the losse of my lyf, which is to be proclaymed as one 
 vntrue to the crowne of Englande, which (the lord 
 knoweth) I never ment, nor never will meane otherwyse 
 then to live & dey in the queues Ma*'^^ quareU duringe 
 my lyf. As for my service, I am reddy at your honors 
 comandement at all tymes, wherby I hope to prove my 
 
 ' State Paper Office. Irieh Cor. 
 
APPENDIX H. 233 
 
 self a true & faythfull subiectj and truer in harte then myn 
 accusers. My cruell greifesj & wrongefull dealinge, 
 which I have sustayned of late is sore, & to long to be 
 writtin. And where euery man is procured & mayn- 
 teyned dayly to burne, murther, & spoile all vs which do 
 belonge to your honorj there doynges therin ar hydden & 
 kept close. And we^ for lyenge stiUj comyttinge of no 
 suche offence, ar proclaymed the name they have had, 
 and do dayly deserve to have. Where my brother Edmond 
 & I offered my L. Deputy to serue at his L. appoyntement 
 against any of the queues Ma^^^ enemyes with xij hun- 
 dredth men, vittualled for vj wyckes, or a quarter of a 
 yere, at your honors charges, the messenger whiche my 
 brother Edmond sent was layed op by the helys, & no 
 awnswere had vntill we were proclaymed. Wherefor I moste 
 humbly crave to be brought befor your honor to declare 
 the same more at large, whiche ar in maner vncureable. 
 Thus, leavinge any ferther to trouble your honor, I moste 
 humbly take my leave, ffrom CasteUanny, the xsvj of 
 August 1569. 
 
 Your honors moste humble and obedient 
 brother to comande duringe lyf 
 
 Edward butleb. 
 To the right honorable 8f my veray 
 goode L. and Brother, the Earle 
 of Ormond and Oss., gyue 
 thies in haste. 
 
234 APPENDIX H. 
 
 No. 9. 
 
 The wordes vttered by Sr Edmond Butler vppon his first 
 meetinge with me the Erie of Ormond, in presence of 
 these whose names are subscribed, as well as we could 
 remember them} 
 
 Thefirstof September 1569 my brethren, S' Edmonde, 
 Edwarde, and Piers, being by me sent for, came to me 
 towarde Kilkenny, where the sayd S"^ Edmonde prayed me 
 vppon my faith and honor to tell w heather the Queenes 
 Ma*'^ was in health or no, and tould me that he heard 
 such reportes from hir Ma*'^ as he could not be quiet in 
 his mynde till he weare certaine how she did. And when 
 I gave him to vnderstand that her Ma*'« was (God be 
 thanked) in very good health, he put of his murrion and 
 thanked God of it, and prayed that she might so con- 
 tynue in as long and happie a raigne as ever any Kinge or 
 Queene did. And so prg,yed his two breathren and aU 
 theire company. After this he made a greevous com- 
 plainte vnto mee of the cruell and ill vsages of my L. 
 Deputy and S"" Peter Carew, who, (as he sayd) weare not 
 onely contented to spoyle him of all his land and livinge 
 without any order of Lawe, but also did what they 
 could to bereave him of his life, and proclaymed him traitor 
 to the Queenes Ma^'^, which greeved him most of all, 
 havinge no cause or good grounde so to doe, savinge onely 
 for that he shonned in come to my Lord Deputies pre- 
 sence, whom he feared vppon diuers threatninge wordes 
 to take away his life and lyvinge without processe of 
 Lawe : which was the cause that he did shonne him, 
 thinkinge that he would detaine him tiU he had 
 
 ' Lamb. MSS. 611, fol. 95. 
 
APPENDIX H. 2^5 
 
 surrendred his land to S"' Peter Carewe. And within 
 three or foure dayes after he had him proelaymed traytor^ 
 he being thereby amazed^ and, having sent his letters to 
 my Lord Deputi.e to crave his protection to come before 
 him to shew his greefe, and also to be imployed in her 
 Ma*«3 seruice in Connaght or elsewheresoeuer it would 
 please my Lord Deputy to appointe him, my Lord Deputy 
 stayed his messenger prisoner in the Castle of DubUn, 
 and sent him no answere vppon his letters ; but, sud- 
 denly, sent S"^ Peter Carew and Capten Gilbert with 300 
 horses of the Quenes to seekehim, who sett vppon certaine 
 of his gaUoglasses and slewe as many of them as they could, 
 being such as haue allwayes served 'the Queenes Ma*'* 
 vnder my leadinge, thinking to haue slaine himselfe if he 
 had bene with them. Theis, and many other, greves and 
 Iniuries he complayned of, and to take god to witnes, and 
 prayed that he mought be dampned, both body & soule, 
 if ever he ment to rebell, or take parte with any in the 
 world against the Queenes Ma^^^ or if euer he meant to 
 doe any harme to my L. Deputy. And, for witnes of the 
 same, declared that he tooke not so much as a horse from 
 his Lord in all his Jorney, and sent unto his Lord such of 
 his men as chaunced to be taken by somme of the sayd 
 S' Edmondes men, but alwayes sought to be revenged 
 vppon S'' Peter Carew, who to this day enioyeth his livinge, 
 if he could haue gotten him out of my Lorde Deputies 
 company. And for such hurts and offences as by occasion 
 of my Lord Deputie and S' Peter Carew's sayd dealings 
 he was driven to doe and committ to others of the 
 Queenes Ma*'*' subiecfces, he most humbly and lowly sub- 
 mitted himselfe to the Queenes Ma**^ mercy, and promised 
 to mee to keepe hir Ma**' peace from hencefourth to call 
 hir subiects, till it shall please her highnes to signifie hir 
 
 2 A 
 
236 APPENDIX H. 
 
 pleasure how she will him have demeaned, and what soeuer 
 order it shall please hir Ma^'^ to take for him, he promised, 
 according to his bounden duty, to stand and to ac- 
 complishe the same. And if she will haue him to serue 
 in flraunce, or in any other place out of my Lord Depu- 
 ties danger, he will, with a most faithfuU and most 
 willing harte, so doe, and in the meane tyme to serue 
 hir Ma**« withall the power he hath or may haue, to the 
 uttermost of his power, at his owne charges, in any place 
 in Ireland, so he be not driven to come to my Lord 
 Deputies presence, or to serue in his company, which he 
 refused to doe, and promised hereoppon to stay and keepe 
 the peace till I doe lett him to vnderstand of my Lord 
 Deputies pleasure touching this and certaine other re- 
 quests that he hath to make to his Lord, now at this 
 tyme of my repaire vnto him. 
 
 Thomas Obmonde Oss. 
 John Fekmye.' Chrystoper Oss^* 
 
 Walter Archer, Soufirain of Kylkenny. 
 Will™ Johnson, Dean of Kilkeny. Olyuer Grace.' 
 Hare Davells." R Sheeth.' 
 
 EOBART HaRPOLL." 
 
 Edmunde Butler. 
 
 1 Jolm Devereux, Dean of Ferns, was appointed Bishop by patent, dated 
 19th October, 1566, and was consecrated by the Archbishop of Dublin about 
 the close of that year. He was permitted to hold his Deanery in com- 
 mendam for five years. He died in 1578, and was buried in St. Mary's 
 Church, in Wexford. 
 
 2 Christopher Gafiiey, a Prebendary of St. Patrick's, Dublin, was 
 appointed Bishop of Ossery, 1565. The Queen's letter for his consecration 
 bears date 3rd December, 1565 ; but Ware states that his patent was not 
 passed till 7th May, 1567. He died 3rd August, 1576, and was buried in 
 
APPENDIX H. 237 
 
 the chapel on the north side of the choir of his Cathedral. The inscription 
 on his tombstone is given in Ophelan's Tombs of St. Canice. 
 
 ' Sir Oliver Grace, of Ballylinch and Leagan, Co. Kilkenny, and Carney 
 Castle, Co. Tipperaiy, maxried Mary, sister of Sir Maurice FitzGerald, created 
 Viscount Decies, 11th Eliz. (1569), and eldest daughter of Sir Gerald Fitz- 
 Gerald, third Lord of Decies, by his wife Eleanor, daughter of Piers Butler, 
 eighth Earl of Ormond. Gerald FitzGerald, first Lord of Decies, was second 
 son of James, seventh Earl of Desmond. 
 
 Sir Ohver Grace had considerable possessions in the County of Tipperary 
 and King's County, which former county he was returned to represent in 
 Parliament, on the 12th January, 1st Eliz. (1559). By letters patent, 
 dated 25th September, 5th Eliz. (1563), he was granted all the estates and 
 livings in the Counties of Tipperary, Kilkenny, and King's County, and 
 elsewhere, of the dissolved Priory of St. John, near Nenagh, which his 
 posterity enjoyed until the invasion of Cromwell. The marriage of Sir 
 Oliver Gra«e with the daughter of Sir Gerald FitzGerald, tradition has cha- 
 racterized as "the happy re-miion of ancient blood and friendship," evidently 
 alluding not only to the termination of a savage feud, but to the junction of 
 two kindred branches of the same family after a separation of four and a 
 half centmies, descended from William, and Maurice FitzGerald, the two 
 sons of Walter de Windsor ; Oliver Grace being descended from the elder, 
 and Mary FitzGerald from the younger. Sir Ohver Grace was succeeded at 
 Ballylinch, by his son, Gerald Grace, who died 4th March, 16 James I. 
 ■* See note 1, p. 75. 
 
 * Mr. Richard Sheeth, or Shee, often appears in the State Papers. He 
 seems to have been very much disliked by Walsingham, to propitiate whom 
 he sends a hawk in 1583. On the 4th February, 1584, his offences are 
 pardoned, and he visited England, bearing with him a letter of commendation 
 from DUlon. In the same year he lodged a complaint against Francis Lovel, 
 and again fell into disgrace, and was committed to Dublin Castle, but, upon 
 his submission, was released. In 1589 he received the honour of knighthood 
 from Sir William FitzwiUiam. 
 
 ' Robert Harpoole, upon the partition of the O'More's lands by the 
 Earl of Sussex, obtained the grant of Blackford and other lands in Leax. 
 He married Grany, daughter oi the Clan Simons, a follower of the 
 Kavanaghs of Odrone, by whom he had a son of the same name. Robert 
 Harpoole became Constable of Catherloghe, and his son also held that office. 
 The latter married first Blenor, daughter of Sir Henry Davels, and secondly, 
 the widow of Sir 'Nicholas White, Master of the Rolls. 
 
 2a3 
 
238 APPENDIX H. 
 
 No. 10. 
 
 The most humble submission of Sir Edmond Butler, 
 Knight, and Peirce Butler, esqr, Bretheren to the right 
 Honor'''' the Earle of Ormond and Ossery, made vnto 
 the right Ho'''' &; our very good Lord S' Henry Sydney, 
 knight of the most noble order of the garter. Lord 
 president of her Ma*" Counsell in Wales, 8f Lord 
 Deputy generall of Ireland, and to Lords and others of 
 Mr Ma'" Counsaile in the same Realms of Irelande, the 
 the last offfebruary 1569, and in the 12th yeare of Mr 
 Mghnes raigne. 
 
 We Edmond Butler, and Peirce Butler, calling to our 
 mindes our most bounden and natural! duty to our gracious 
 soveraigne Lady the Queenes most excellent Ma*?, doe 
 most humble accknowledge and confesse before you, our 
 very good Lord and govemoure, and this Honorable table, 
 that we have disloyally swarved and declyned from our 
 allegiaunce to hir highnes, by raising disorderly hir maies- 
 ties subiectes against hir highnes peace and lawes, and 
 haue committed, from thentrie into that our disobedience, 
 sundrey ofiTences and treasons deservinge extreame pun- 
 ishmentes and sharpe corrections, which our heynous 
 misdemeanour, as neither wee meane, nor indeed can 
 iustifie or defend by any coUoure, so wee doe for the same, 
 with most penitent and humble mindes, prostrate before 
 the estate of hir most excellent ma*y, heerto vs represented 
 by the presence of your Lordship hir most worthy gover- 
 nour, humbly, and with all reverence, yeelde and submit, 
 freely and voluntaryly, our bodies, goods, lives, & livings 
 to the order & disposition of hir highnes, & of your Lord- 
 shipp, our very good Lord and Governoure vnder hir 
 
 1 Lnmb, MSS. 611, fol. 162. 
 
APPENDIX H. 239 
 
 ma^^, beseechingej with all humility & due reverence, your 
 honour, of your vertueous inclination & good nature, to re- 
 mitt vnto us all displeasures & indignacions that we, by any 
 meanes, haue mooved your Lordship vnto, aswell for your 
 owne particuler as otherwyse, and although you may 
 iudge our doings to haue bene such as haue not deserued 
 favour nor favourable treaty, yet we doe make our most 
 humble suppUcacions that your good Lordship, our worthy 
 Gouernour, & your our very good Lords, with the rest of 
 hir Ma**^^ ho''i« counsel!, will, in respect of this our most 
 humble submission, & for the ancient service and throuth 
 of our house, & also for the continewance of the same, be 
 meane to the Queues Ma'y that hir highnes, who hath 
 bene ever, to hir Ma*'*^ immortal fame, inclined to pitty 
 & mercy, incomparably beyonde the Judgment of many. 
 May be pleased to receaue vs to mercy, & extend vppon 
 vs hir most gracious pardon vpon trust of our assured 
 loyalty henceforth, and wee shall, accordiage to our most 
 humble duty, pray that God doe grant to hir highnes a 
 most happie & prosperous raigne, and put into hir Maies- 
 ties minde to grante to vs our lives, that we may, by our 
 dutyfull and most humble service, acquite some deale of 
 our most greevious offences past. 
 
 EcC 
 
 E. MOLYNEUX. 
 
 No. 11. 
 
 Sir Henry Sydney to Sir Peter Carew} 
 
 My good S"" Peter. Your last letters sent, by yonge 
 Dillon, came to my handes before thothers sent by Potter, 
 
 1 State Paper Office. Irish Cor. 
 
240 
 
 APPENDIX H. 
 
 and now, having them both, I founde by them that, that 
 hath been confirmed vnto me by many and sundrie 
 reportes ; that is, how careful! and friendlie you have been 
 for me in all places where your worde or deede could 
 stande me in stede. The thankes to you be due, and so 
 is my good will reddie to requite your courtesie, though 
 no successe do followe, nether according to your good 
 meaning, nor as the state of the matter doth vehementlie 
 require. And among many discontacons that growe vnto 
 me by remaining here, it is not the least that I am de- 
 prived of so good a companion, and so faithfuU an 
 assistant as I had of you, seing I see that this somer you 
 shall not come hither. SuerHe, were it not that it is her 
 ]yjaties pleasure in respecte of her highnesse service there, 
 I would think that she didd both muche hinder your self 
 therby, and her own service in this country, ffor as that 
 place of Leighlyn is of to great importance to be com- 
 mitted to a deputie Officer, where so manie be inhabi- 
 tantes equall to him self, so, for your owne cause, you 
 shall neuer find any that shall be hable, though he were 
 neuer so willinge, to do for you that that you shoulde do 
 for your selfe. And though M"" DaveUs be for you as 
 sufficient a man as is to be chosen, (and in dede the best) 
 yet such is the Q,"^^ service there, and now specially vppon 
 your first entrie, as both your advices and helpes together 
 is Utle yenough to bring it to perfection. And, suerlie, 
 with gret inconvenience, and to his owne losse, do I bear 
 with H DaveUs absence from his owne chardge of Dun- 
 garvon. And, therefore, if you will follow my advice, 
 neuer yelde that your turne can be served here by any 
 atturnie, for you shall, thereby, both prolong your coming, 
 and do your cause no good, but rather lose that you have 
 wonne. And, for myne owne parte, in the service of the 
 
APPENDIX H. 241 
 
 Q°^, I would be loth to comitte that countrey, bordering 
 vppon such daungerouse enemieSj but to a man of great 
 aceomptj specially in this time, when I meane, with as 
 good severitie as I can, to swepe the house after this 
 general rebellioUj having begonne with some of the 
 Birnes, and do follow with the O'mores ; Lasagh McKead- 
 dowe being alredie executed, and having Caher McKead- 
 dow in hand, I do propose, ere manie dales, to send him 
 the same way with the olde ffosteresse the wife of Oliver 
 FitzGarret, And to bear with such a hand upon the hole 
 name of the O'mores as I trust the Q°^ Countie shalbe 
 a quiet countrey. The like goodwill have I to generall 
 reformacions, if God woulde send me such assistance as 
 my herte desireth, in which my desire I iinde you lack, I 
 assure you, to my grete grief, and, therefore, it shalbe 
 good that you ether ridde your selfe quiet of it, or to 
 foUowe it as apperteyneth. Thomond matters have gone 
 verie leisurelie on, And yet, suerlie, I finde therle of 
 Ormond of very forward profession, and hath presentlie 
 taken to her Mefi^ vse all his castells of importance, so as 
 though he be not altogether subdued, he is of small 
 accompt. Edw. Butler will yelde to no obedience, I 
 think God have ordeined him for a sacrifice for the rest. 
 What honor were it to that house, if therle wolde bring in 
 that brothers hedde with his own handes. That were 
 indede a purging sacrifice, and such an ende of the trou- 
 bles of this Land as I would think should remaine quiet 
 in our dales ; ffor James Fitzmorice, without that faction, 
 is no boddie. And when soever I mought turne with my 
 hole force against Turlough Lynough, I think it an easie 
 enterprise to make an end of those warres. And as bad 
 as it is yet, I feare no thing if the vnquietnesse at home, 
 nor no forraine power do hurt vs. This good S'' Peter 
 
242 APPENDIX H. 
 
 you see I can not shortlie ende to talke with you by this 
 meanes of writing, seing I can no otherwise ; and whilst 
 you be absent, kepe your promise to write vnto me often, 
 and follow the good causes of this land as oportunity 
 will serve you. You nede not feare to be contented (sic) 
 importance, seing it is not your owne cause, but the good 
 service of the Q"*' M**'*', and yotir Comon weale. And 
 thus, having informed you of our speciall matters herein, 
 I'will leave you this time in thandes of God, with my 
 hertie commendacons, both to your self and my good 
 Ladie your wife, wishing you quietnesse and hertes desire, 
 firom Dublyn the xxviij of Maie 1570. 
 
 Your verie assured ffrend, 
 
 H Sydney. 
 
 My good S' Peter, I think myself 
 not a lyttell bound to you for 
 for your honorable speches vsed 
 of me. Well, yourys I am. 
 
 Superscribed. 
 
 To my verie assured friend 
 S' Peter Carew, Knight, 
 leave this at M' — 
 
 to be trustilie sent to him. 
 
APPENDIX H. 343 
 
 No. 12. 
 The Petitions and Offers of Sir Peter Carew, Knight, 
 touching his Landes and Titles In Ireland, to the Lis of 
 the Queenes Majesties privie CounselL in An° 1571.^ 
 fforasmuch as lie hath lately recovered the Barrony of 
 Hidrone, the same remayning yet vnhounded and vnleased, 
 so as he receaueth small proffit for all his chardges sus- 
 tayned, he humbly desireth that it may please the Queenes 
 Ma*^^ to lycence him with favour to goe into Ireland to 
 bringe his Landes to perfection. 
 
 And whereas the execucion of Coyne and Liuery taken 
 by the Irishrie is for the griefe thereof thought meet to 
 be abolished, and also the cesse of SouldiorSj and other 
 cesses (when payment is not made for it) is no less 
 grieveous then the other, and breedeth more dislykeing, 
 for that the one is taken by the Englishe and the other 
 by the Irishe ; And he maketh humble petition for the 
 quiettnes of his tenaunts, that it may please hir highnes 
 to graunt him the freedome of his said Landes. And he 
 doth offer to her Ma**® and successors in lewe thereof to 
 beare yearely out of the sayd Barrony one hundred 
 markes rent, which, as it shall be much more quieter, both 
 to Lord and tenaunt in this case, so, if the like proportion 
 were borne out of euery Barrony of Ireland, would amount 
 to such a some as would well neere discharge the burden 
 of the English Garrison remayning there. 
 
 And if it shall not like her Ma**^ to graunt the same, 
 he humbly desireth that it may be rated indifferently, and 
 in certainty, what cesse shalbe yealded and borne for his 
 said Barrony and Country, the same being accounted to 
 be the fiveth parte of the County of Catherlowe, that so 
 
 ' Lamb. MSS. 606, fol. 97. 
 
244 APPENDIX H. 
 
 rated not to be taken, levied, or exacted, by the Souldiors 
 there, but by him selfe and his heires, or by his or their 
 Officers, and the payment and satisfaccion for the same to 
 be made at such tyme and tymes as when the Prince 
 maketh payment there. 
 
 And wheare, heitherto, he hath neither taken posses- 
 sion nor otherwise prosecuted by lawe for that Lande, 
 that is called the DuUoughe, that was in the possession of 
 S"^ Edmonde Butler, knight, being parcell of the said 
 Barrony, and as he claymeth of his antient inheritance, 
 for somuch as the same is presently in hir Ma*'^^ hands, 
 he maketh humble petition that his title may be viewed 
 and examined by hir Ma*"^^ Learned Counsell, so as it may 
 be determined according to right, with hir Ma*^* good 
 contentacion. 
 
 And whereas he pretendeth claime to diuers other 
 parcells of Land within the B-ealme of Ireland, He humbly 
 desireth that he may proceed therein, to the Recouery 
 thereof according to the lawes & orders there vsed. 
 
 And where, through longe discontinewance out of pos- 
 session, it may be thought that the claim thereof may 
 breed vnquiettnes & great disturbance within that Realme, 
 Hee offereth vnto the Queenes Ma*y that vpon the quiet- 
 test meanes that may be deuised for the view of the titles 
 on both sides, Hee will abide the order of such Arbitra- 
 tors (in all such claymes as he maketh) as shall be thought 
 reasonable and to her Msf^^ best likeinge. 
 
 These Petitions and Offers being, as he hopeth, in 
 your Lips : opinions agreeable to reason, lawe^ 
 and conscience, Hee trusteth and right humbly 
 desireth, that you will be meanes to the Queenes 
 Highnes that the same may be favourably 
 granted, or otherwise He to be ordered and 
 considered. 
 
APPENDIX II. 245 
 
 No. 13. 
 
 Sir Edmund Butler to S' William Fitzwilliams, Lord 
 Deputy of Ireland. 
 
 My dewtie premised vnto your honorable L. yt male 
 please the same to be advertized that on soundaie last 
 past, being the iijth of July,' S"" Peter Carew hath slaine 
 a greate nombre of my men, I know not whi nor wherfore 
 he hathe made the same slaughter, in so much that any 
 he tooke he did not as muche as save their lyves, the 
 Turke coulde not shew more extremitie; thus shewing 
 your L. the nobilitie of the Realme, and Counsell, howe 
 I am dealt with all, having my men killed which were 
 readie to serve the Queue the xv*'' of July, according 
 to the tyme appointed to the iorney. I have written two 
 Ires to your lo. the nobilitie of the Realme, & Counsell : 
 I haue nether answer, nether can see those comming backe 
 sent on messuage. I humblie beseche your lo. the 
 nobilitie of the Realme, and Counsell, to let my mes- 
 sengers come backe with answere, least my Chaplain S"" 
 Nicholas Commerford, although your Lo. the nobilitie, and 
 Counsell, will not send me answere, I take God to witnes I 
 am as true to the Quenes Ma*'" as any subiect, and am 
 sorry that I am forced to seeke revenge of the murder of 
 my men, whiche, with out any iuste cause, are kiUed by 
 S'' Peter Carew, whose auncestors, althoughe they haue 
 bene inheritors (as he saieth) fyue hundred yeres agone, 
 and that he will haue my land vnder colour of an Ordfer 
 which he hathe of your Lo. the Deputie, lo. Chauncellor, 
 & Counsell, which I wolde let hym haue, yf by the lawe 
 
 ' Lamb. MSS. 605, fol. 22. 
 This letter is recorded as of the year 15V1 or 1572, but would seem 
 to be mis-dated and mis-addressed. I fancy it should be the year 1569. 
 
246 APPENDIX H. 
 
 he recouerid it, yt maie griue me notwithstanding, the 
 killing of my men which I had to serue this iorney, 
 howe he threatnithe to haue my heade, in calling me 
 traitor, rehell, saing manie other vncourteous wordes not 
 fitt for a gentleman to vse, which I leaue vnwritten, for 
 that in this worlde I can not he harde, what I maie or 
 shall do, yf remedy in all my complaintes, be not had or 
 answerid. I beseche your Lo., and Lordshipps of the 
 nobHitie of this Realme, and Counsell, to bear witnes, yf, 
 as I hope, the Quenes Ma*'*', my most deare soueraing 
 La. and M'^, shalbe Judge aboue your L. being now 
 Deputie, your L. the nobilitie and Counsell, that what I 
 shall hereafter do, is wholly for seurtie of my lief, and 
 seing no punishement is done to S'^ Peter Carew, or his 
 Partenors in this crewel murder, that what I do is wholly 
 in revenge of his crewelties, which had bene better he 
 had never bene born then come to this Realme. Thus I 
 end, Grod save the Queue and all her Wellwillers, and to 
 the rest God send them a shamefull deathe, or amend 
 their lyues. 
 
 No. 14. 
 
 A letter from Her Majesty to Sir William Fitzwilliams, 
 Lord Deputy of Ireland} 
 
 Elizabeth By the Quene 
 
 Right trustie and wellbeloued we greete you well, where 
 S' Peter Caro Knight hathe of longe tyme byn an 
 humble suito' vnto vs, that we would licence him to pro- 
 
 ' Lamb, MSS. 605, fol. 32. 
 
APPENDIX H. 247 
 
 cede by Ordre of lawe for the recoueringe of certaine 
 landes whereimto he makith clayme as lawefully heire to 
 certaine his anncestors in that oure Realme of Ireland, 
 although we haue not hitherto thought it conuenient to 
 graunt him his sute so fully as his request was, in con- 
 sideracion of the troublesome state there, yet we haue 
 nowe condiscended to his suite thus farr, That the said 
 S' Peter Caro shall cause declaration to be made vnto 
 you and to suche other of oure Counsell, beinge learned in 
 oure lawes, as you shall thincke meete, of all the titles and 
 Interest that he pretendith to those said landes, and that 
 therevpon as you, with the aduise of the others ioyned 
 with you, shall fynde apparaunce of his title in Justice, so 
 shall you, as to yo' discretion shall seeme meete, cause 
 the same tytles to be discouered vnto the persons who haue 
 the possession of the same landes, or to as many of them 
 as from tyme to tyme shalbe thought also conuenient^ and 
 thereupon, also, to moue them by all the best persuasions 
 that you can deuise and shall thincke agreable to Justice, 
 to yeld to the said S"^ Peter Caros titles, which, yf they 
 shall refuse, and shall alledge matter on their parte to the 
 contrary, Then we woulde that theire reasons and allega- 
 tions, if they be grounded vppon lawe, or colour of lawe, 
 shalbe duelie examyned and wayed with the said Sir Peter 
 Caros titles and demande by suche of our learned Counsell 
 and others there as may seeme to you to be indifferent, 
 and thereuppon, if the title of the said S"^ Peter shall, not 
 with standinge the allegations of the contrary parte, seeme 
 worthy of favour in Justice, Then the said parties may 
 be, estsoones, moovid by like good persuasions to be con- 
 tent to come to some reasonable composition and agre- 
 ment with the said S"" Peter, so as the tryall of Lawe 
 may be avoyded, w<* if ye cannot also bringe them to like 
 
348 APPENDIX H. 
 
 of Then you may, for the tyme, forbeare and aduertise vs 
 of their aunswers to the said S"^ Peter Caros clayme, and 
 yo"" opynyons with all What ye shall thinke forder meete 
 to be don in that case. Gyuen vnder o'' Signet at our 
 Manner of Grenwich, the third day of May 1572, the 
 xiiijui yeare of our Raigne. 
 
 To o' right trustie and wel- 
 beloved S' Wyllyam ffitz- 
 wyllyams, Knight, ourDeputie 
 in oure Realme of Irelande. 
 
 (Copia vera concordans cum Originali examinata per 
 Phe- Williams Scretariu Dsi Deputati.) 
 
 No. 15. 
 
 John Hooker to Sir Peter Carew} 
 
 S', to end the course of my former Ires bearing date 
 of these presentes, and sent by M"^ Calveley servaunte to 
 the L. Depute. Your tenantes do verely refuse to tak 
 any estate at all other then at your owne handes, partely 
 because the more desirouse they ar of your comynge the 
 more they doubte thereof; partely because they ar en- 
 formed that you do mynde & intende to sell or conveighe 
 the same to some one of the Erles of this Land, which, if 
 you shold so do, then, bysides the rentes which you 
 compounded, they shall stande at suche devotion as which 
 they do curse the tyme to thinck vpon : Agayne some do 
 formerly perswade theym that you mynd not to come at 
 
 ' Lamb. MSS. 605, fol. 38. 
 
APPENDIX H. 249 
 
 all tut have sent me for a colour & shadowej which they 
 partely credytinge do determyn to saue that they haue, & 
 kepe it as well as they can, but, assuredly, if you mynde 
 to come over your selfiF you shalbe assured to sett the 
 same at suche rate, pryce, & rent as you wiU your selfiF: 
 for so they may have you to be theire defender, and to be 
 firee from suche governors as whom they do feare to 
 offend, they care not how ffarre they do strayne theyme 
 selffes. Surely there was never man more desyred & 
 wished for then your selff, not onely emong theyme, but, 
 generally, of all others within this Lande. To travell, 
 therefore, herein it is but lost labor, for, as I have saide, 
 onely you, & you alone, must be the doer thereof. The 
 rentes past, order is taken for the receving thereof, after 
 such rate as by your former was sett, which is at V^'' 
 Englyshe the marte, and they to staunde to suche cesses 
 as benne layed vpon them; but they do denye that, & 
 clayme a promyse from you, which vrilbe the more troble 
 & daungeros to be gathered savinge that M' DaveUs hath 
 warented me in the matter. Of Ix martes of your lande 
 thone halff lyeth waste, & yn suche handes as no rent yet 
 to be receved thereof, nor wUl not be oneles you be yn 
 place your selff: the some dew for the ij past yeres 
 amounteth to about iij" Ix^"", which I doubt, by meanes of 
 so long delayes, and of theire doubting of your comyng, 
 will hardely be obteyned from theyme. 
 
 Your tytle to Monster I have drawn vp in order, & 
 have sent you a copie thereof, which I thincke it good you 
 sholde conferre with your best learned counsell thereyn, 
 and, vnder theyir handes, returne the same vnto me with 
 as miche expedicion as you may, for, I trust, it will passe 
 the better. I have reteyned lerned councellers to the 
 nomber of vj of the best which I can geyte, to whom I 
 
250 APPENDIX H. 
 
 have paied theire ffees, and doubte nothing of a good 
 success j how be it M"^ Synnot, lyeng yn Wexford & fear- 
 inge to come hether, I have no helpe of him, but must 
 trust all to my selff. The setting of your land sett aparte, 
 I doubt not but when the terme is begonne to complye 
 all the rest of your doinges. 
 
 I have obteyned the graunt of Thomas Courte, and of 
 M' Thomas fytzsymons house vpon the key, for you^ as 
 also am offred M"" Pyfoldes house at S* Mary Abbey; but 
 this troblesome Ss daungeros world stayeth me therein, as 
 also for making any other provisyon vntyll I hire from ' 
 you. I do thinck, these thinges donne, to returne home, 
 oneles I do hire from you to the contrary. This mornyng 
 I receved Ires from my La. by M' fytzwilliams, but have 
 no leasure to aunswere the same, the tyde & wynde call- 
 ing the passengers away. 
 
 If you do mynde to save that you have purchased, & 
 to kepe that you have gotten, you must determine to come 
 over your selff, which shall not turne onely to your gayne, 
 but to the comoditie of aU your countrie, who most ernestly 
 wish for the same. And so far lack of further leasure, I 
 tak my leave, ffrom Dublyn the xxiij*'' of October 1573. 
 
 Yo' wo'' most assured 
 
 Jo. HOKER. 
 
 To the right worshipffull S' 
 Peter Carew, Knight, lying 
 at the great S' Bartholo- 
 mews yn London, gave these 
 with spede. 
 

APPENDIX H. 251 
 
 No. 16. 
 
 John Hooker to Sir Peter Carew} 
 
 Right worshipful Sir, Your Ires dated of olde the IS* of 
 October, came to my handes the daye of these presentes. 
 The slacke comynge of theyme cannot be imputed but 
 onely to the wickednes of the tyme : iFor my La. ffytz- 
 wilhams, lettinge shypping a good wynde, staied so longe 
 at the holy hedd for passage that she arryved not to 
 Dublyn vntill Christmas eve last, and, I, then, having 
 attended my Lo. Deputie yn his iouruey throughe 
 Leynster, staied at Leighlyn yn his returne. I have, in 
 my former Ires, from tyme to tyme, so advertised you of 
 the state & successe of your causes as I thincke the same 
 to be allmost a full awnswere to these your Ires, never- 
 theles, of everie partyculer matter I do now renewe vnto 
 you this advertysement : fflrst the mearing of your barony 
 is concluded ; for the comission^ is returned, the certyficatt 
 
 ' Lamb. MSS. 605, fol. 24. 
 
 ' At a meeting of the Privy Council, held at Greenwich, on the 20th 
 March, 1570, a letter was ordered to be sent to the Lord Deputy of Ireland, 
 " to address out commission vnto such honest and skilfull persones as he shall 
 thincke convenient for that purpose, to view, survey, and bound out the 
 lymittes of the Barronye of Odrone, and upon returne of their doinges therein 
 to cause the same to be entered of recorde, to thintent it may, hereafter, 
 remaine as a testimonie what shall at this time by ane ben founde or 
 donne in this matter." P.C. Eegister. 
 
 This order does not, however, appear to have been carried into effect for 
 some time, for we find that a commission was issued under the great seal 
 for this purpose on the 25th September, 1572, a return to which was made 
 on the 11th of October following, and the resxilt duly enrolled in the Court 
 of Chancery. (Lamb. MSS. 606, fol. 77-78.) 
 
 The extent of the Barony is shewn on the annexed map, which is a lac- 
 
 2 B 
 
253 APPENDIX H. 
 
 inrolled, and exemplyfied vnder tlie broade scale, and 
 which now remayncth yn my custodie : the copic whereof, 
 as I remember, I ^ sent vnto you, durstinge not to adven- 
 ture the originall for doubt of some myschaunces. 
 
 simile of one preserved among the Lambeth MSS., to which is appended 
 the following account of the boundaries of the Barony. 
 
 The meares and hcmndes of fhe Ba/rony of Odrone imthin the Co. of 
 Caiherlogh, 
 
 The Barony of Odrone begynning west from LeigWinbridge out Aghery 
 na sla,de, and so alonge the little streame Claeshegary en punsell w'^'' cometh, 
 as it were, from the west northwest from gary punsell to the ford before 
 said. And from Garry punsell alonge the saide streame to Barre ne manny, 
 to Sleate Oman westward vnto the seate of Moyleglasse, and from Moyle- 
 glasse to BaUylackaghe, and from Ballylaekaghe ther runneth a brooke, or 
 lytle streame, northward, called KyUenengill, w'^'' meareth betwixt the 
 Duloghe and Ydughe vnto Bally refeadedinge from Killenengill northward, 
 and from BaUy refeadedinge the streame Killenengill stretcheth vnto the 
 forde of Henry Keugh, and from thence vpon the mountayne northwardes to 
 the forde of Vlskye ne goare, leauinge Dyrry mountayne on the lefte hand 
 as you will go dii-ectly from the foarde of blynde Henry vnto the said waters 
 of goates, and from thense runneth Eastewardes the same waters of goates 
 vntm it entereth into the streame, or brooke, of fynishoge, and from that 
 place where ffynishog and the water of goates issueth the ffynishoge meareth 
 vnto the ryaer of the Barrow, and from thence the Ryuer of Ban'ow meareth 
 vnto Catherloghe, and at Catherloghe the streame or Ryuer of Burrin 
 meareth and inuyroneth Odrone eastewardes and easte Southeaste throughout 
 and by the whole vntil you come vnto the very place whereat the Burryn 
 springeth, w"* is called StirrcaUy, and ft^m the springe or head of Burryn, 
 w"'> springeth vnder the heade of Stowloyne, vnto Mannesowderye, and from 
 Mannesowderye to a Bogge called Askaghe ne Monigan, and from Askaghe 
 ne Monigan to a small brooke w"'' runneth vnto the forde of Cantes, other- 
 wise called Aghe ne Cartaghe, and fi-om aghe ne Cartaghe to a lytle brooke, 
 or streame, Kynykere, and from thence vnto Manny en Mayster, and from 
 thence vnto the forde of ffynoghe, and from that forde ther stretcheth a 
 ditche called Askagh ne lay, and from thence to the falle of the Whyte house, 
 called SiUoge en Aghegill, and from thence to the wood caUed the fastenes 
 of the boare, or Dcngin na Kelly, and from the woode to Donell mones 
 
APPENDIX H. 253 
 
 Your cesse is apoynted by my Lo. Deputie & counsell 
 to be concluded this terme, whom I will followe therein 
 according to your advertysementes & instructions, who, 
 I mystrust not, but will consider your request. 
 
 The note which you sent is written yn a booke of 
 thexchequer, which cannot now be founde, but I have 
 founde the lykeyn another booke there, serving the turne 
 verie well, and as for any notes collected by the late M"^ 
 John Thomas, there can none be founde at all : and, 
 
 orell, and from Donell mones Orell through the middle of the blacke bogge 
 vntill you come to Stroghan gloraghe, w'^'^ rumieth westward into the 
 Barrowe, and so the ryver of Barrow meareth vnto the forde of Eowse, and 
 there is, as it were, a ditche w<* meareth between the Byshopps landes and 
 the landes of Odrone, extendinge from Pell ne farnoghe vnto and betwixt 
 Corane Mo Craghe and Cranoge, and from thence the said ditche is stretch- 
 inge to Loghe Pease, or Poole of Wormes, and from thence the saide ditche 
 dothe extende vnto and betwixt Lestinan begg, w'^'' is of Odrone, & Lestinan 
 more, w°* is of the Byshopps landes, and from thence the said ditche reacheth 
 vnto and betwixt Killroclce and Killrowse, and from thence the saide ditche 
 is extended vnto the Yuye water, otherwyse called Rahiu en yuan, and from 
 thence the said ditche cloth reache vnto Agh moan beg, w'^'^ yssueth into the 
 Barrow, and from Agh moan begg the Eyver of Barrowe meareth vnto the 
 lands of Leighlin bridge, on which is the foord, or slade, of Agheryneslade, 
 afore saide, wher the meares is prescrybed to begyne. 
 
 Memorandum by vertue of a Commission graunted vnder the greate scale 
 of Ireland, bearinge date 26 Septemb : an° Regin. Elizabeth 14. S' William 
 ffitzwilliams then beinge Lorde Deputie, directed vnto firauncys Cosby 
 esquier, Anthony CoUchloghe esquier, Henry Davells esquier, Robert Hare- 
 poole, John Barry, Richard Gouse, Richard Woode, and Mathue Lynt, 
 gentlemen. This authortie was geuen to the aforenamed gentlemen, or to 
 any 7. 6. 5< 4 or 3 of them, to perambulate and meare the Barony of Odrone, 
 who, accordingly, calling vnto them the beste, moste aged, & wysest gentle- 
 men of the Inhabytants of the said Barony for their assistants, who were 
 deposed and sworne vpon the holly Euangelestes to declare the whole truth 
 of their knowledge toucbinge the premysses. After perambulation & sur- 
 veigh made by ffrances Cosby, Henry Davells esquiers, and Richard Woode 
 & Mathue Lynt gentlemen, in the name of themselffs and t!:e rest, did 
 
 3 B 2 
 
254 APPENDIX H. 
 
 therefor^ I must trust to that I haue. ffor sendinge over of 
 a lerned man, it was the advise of the Lo. Deputie^ but I 
 
 retoume ther reporte viito the Lorde Deputie and Councell,- the substance 
 wherof is abone mencioned, beinge extracted out of the Becordes in Dublyn 
 bearinge date the xj* of October, in the xiiij* yere of the Raigne of Quene 
 Ehzaheth. 
 
 Th^e Gentlemen^ names of the Inhabytants that were the mearers of the 
 Jiarony of Odrone above said-e, 
 
 Brian TA" Donoghe, Balliloghan, Cauanaghe. 
 Denby Cauanaghe, Deane of Lcighlin. 
 Moricrtoghe oge, of Ballylowe, Cauanaghe. 
 Donell Reaghe, of Ballytegle, Canan. 
 Edmond M" Donoghe, of Killshanclone, Cauan. 
 Art ne ynche, of Ballymoane, Cauan. 
 Cahir M" Genold, of Ballysilloghe, Cauan. 
 Tyrloghe Duff W Gerald, of Ratheden, Cauan. 
 Monoghe M" Cahir, of Killmalapoge, Obirne. 
 Tatrick M^ffirr, of the Olde Towne, ObuTie. 
 Colloghe M<!ffirr, of the Orchard, Obirne. 
 Mortoghe M" ffirr, of Killgi-eny, Obirne. 
 Malaghlin M' Tegg oge, of Ballynekillme, Obirne. 
 William Tallon, of the Aghe. 
 Gerald M" Shane oge, of Moyle, Obirne. 
 Gerald W^ Shane, of Bathenegerye. 
 Patricke M<= Edmond, of Ballingowne, Obirne. 
 Tirloghe Roe M= Dauy, of Ballingowne, Obirne. 
 Donoghe Odoran, of Bathaskand. 
 Donell Tomyn, of Tontanell. 
 Shane Tomyne, of Ballyhughe. 
 James Tonayne, of Ballyknockane. 
 
 The Barony, exclusive of the portions withheld by Sir Edmund Butler 
 and others, is shown to contain 53 martes of land, a marte being somewhat 
 greater in extent than a ploughland which contained 120 acres. 
 
 Upon the death of Sir Peter Carew, the Barony of Odi-one descended 
 to his cousin, Sir Peter Carew the younger, eldest son of Dr. George Carcw. 
 The younger Sir Peter was slain in the recesses of Glcnmalure in 1580, when 
 
APPENDIX H. 255 
 
 hope the mater will so fall out as you shall not need 
 thereof. It is agreed that a comission shalbe sent to the 
 Lo. president & others of Monster for cnquirie to be made 
 accordinge to her Ma'^^ i^eg . .m^ beinge at WaterfFord 
 with the Lo. Depuiie now before Christmas, and there 
 fyndinge the Lo. president, I dyd dysclose vnto hym 
 your whole case, the same to hym not alltogether vn- 
 knowen, who gave me very good wordes, & seemethe to 
 
 the Barony devolved upon his brother. Sir George, who, being distingaished 
 in Ireland, was afterwards created Baron Carew and Eai-1 of Totnes. Sir 
 George sold it in 1585 to Dudley Bagenal, second son of Sir Nicholas 
 Bagenal of Greene Castle, in the County of Downe, Marshal of Ireland. 
 In the year 1587 Bagenal met his death in the following tragical circum- 
 stances, as stated in a letter from Henry Sheffield to Lord Burleigh. It 
 appears that Bagenal, after he had bought the Bai'ony, was not contented to 
 let the Kavanaghs continue in possession of certain lands which they had 
 been permitted to enjoy under the Carews, and consequently an ill-feeling 
 was engendered. About the last of November, 1586, Henry Hern, son of 
 Sir Nicholas Hern, and brother-in-law of Bagenal, having lost four cows, 
 with twenty men proceeded to the house of Mortough Oge, chief of the 
 Kavanaghs, who was at this time upwards of seventy years old. They 
 entered the house with their swords drawn, which the old man seeing, 
 attempted to effect his escape, but was taken and brought before Mr. Hern, 
 who laid to his charge that one of his sons had taken away the cows. 
 Mortough Oge fairly promised to pay for the cattle if this could be proved, 
 and appealed to the Sessions, but this would not satisfy his accusers, who 
 barbarously put him to death. This led to a deadly feud. In the following 
 spring Mortough's two sons, Mortough and Donagh Caroghe, assembled 
 their followers, with a determination of avenging their father's death, and 
 on the 21st May, 1587, with twenty men, they attacked a place in Odrone, 
 called Ballymoiva, which they plundered, and then returned, with the expecta- 
 tion of being followed by Bagenal, in anticipation of which they had set an 
 ambush of forty men to intercept him. Nor were they disappointed. Mr. 
 Bagenal pursuing, fell into the trap, and with thirteen others was slain. He 
 was foimd to have received sixteen wounds above the girdle, one of his legs 
 was cut off, and his tongue was drawn out of his mouth and slit. Dudley 
 Bagenal married a daughter of Nangle, Baron of Navan, by whom he left 
 an infant son and heir. 
 
256 APPENDIX H. 
 
 tender your cause verie miche. I gave a booke to 
 M"' Myaghe, late recorder of Corke, but now her high- 
 nes attorney of Monster/ who, when tyme shall serve, 
 win do his best endevours for the furtheraunce thereof; 
 but this the opinion & censure of the Lo. Deputie, 
 Lo. president/ & all others of iudgement is, that the 
 matter is so weightie, & toochethe so neere the in- 
 heritaunce of all the noblemen of that province, that 
 rather than they will yelde to any thinge which shalbe to 
 theire preiudice, they will all flyng out & become (as 
 many of theyme ar) rebells ; the recoverie & suppression 
 wilbe such a chargeable matter to her Ma*'" as it were 
 better for her to geve xxm^ then any suche thinge sholde 
 so fall out : wherefor the goodnes of your tytle conferred 
 with these extremities, will, as I hope, breede some good 
 thinge vnto you. 
 
 Your countrie staundethe quiet & is in good stay : M"^ 
 Davells therefor beinge verie miche to (be) comended, who 
 hathe faythfuUy & frendly acquitted hym selff towardes 
 you. I have ended the controversie betwene Mortoghe 
 og of the GarquelP & hym, and they now become good 
 ffrendes, and sithens that M"" Davells hathe reconciled all 
 the septes of your Cavenaughes, and hath made theym all 
 
 ' John Myagh, Recorder of Cork, writes to St. Leger as to rebellion in 
 those parts, on 16th July, 1569. 
 
 2 Sir John Perrott. 
 
 ^ Mortough or Moriertagh Oge Karanagh, of the GarquUl, was the chief 
 of his name. He received a grant of arms of Nicholas Narbon, dated 12th 
 October, 1582, which was, quarterly : 1st, gu., a lion rampant, ar., armed 
 and langued, az. ; 2nd vert, a, cross flory between six crosses, crosslets 
 fitchec, or. ; 3rd aj-., three vipers 2 and 1 vert. ; 4th az., three gai-bes 2 and 1, 
 or. (Lamb. MSS. 635, fol. 41). For an account of liis death — see note 1, 
 p. 255. The chief house of this TWoriertaghe was the Castle of Eathnygerry, 
 in Odroue, but he and his issue dwelled at the Garquil adjoining to it. 
 
APPENDIX H. 257 
 
 ffrendes. Also an attonement hathe benne & is made 
 betwene M^ Davells & Harpoole, so that all is at quietnes 
 here, and a good agrement here emonge all men. What 
 Ires my La. hathe written to M"" Davells I knowe not, but 
 I do see & knowe howe evell he taketh it that my La. 
 sholde either dyscourtuosly or vnkyndly conceve of hym. 
 He imputeth it cheffly to your servaunt Thomas Jakeson, 
 whom if I could have founde, or perswaded to have benne, 
 as conformable as I have founde thother, this brable, also, 
 had benne ended; and thoughe he cannot denye hisfolye, 
 yet he so staundeth vpon his owne opinion & hym selff 
 so miche, as that I cannot prevayle with him as I thought 
 I sholde. Suche is the nature of this countrie, and so 
 farethe it with younge menne when they ar farre from 
 theire masters, and caried with women : for a greater 
 accompt is made of thone here then of thother ells where. 
 The smerte & chardge yn the meane tyme is yours, which 
 I cannot ease as you apoynted, & as I wolde, by reason 
 of this folye. 
 
 As for balls debt, it appearethe he hathe paied the same 
 for the acquittall of your debt;^ & redeeminge of your 
 plate, whereof M'" Edmund Tremayne' being privie he can 
 advertyse you thereof. Your debt, as it shall appear to be 
 dew to Thomas fytzsimons, I will satysfie ; but I do mer- 
 vell why you dyd not send me the some which you 
 delyvered to his sone, or his byll thereof, for by your Ires 
 it seemeth you dyd so meane to do. 
 
 I have conferred with M"" Chivers, but to no avaUe for 
 want of instructions from you what was your dew debt, 
 
 ' One of the sons of Thomas Tremayne, of CoUacomb, Co. Devon. 
 He married Ulalia, daughter of Sir John St. Leger. He was one of the 
 Clerks of the Queen's Privy Council. See No. 28 ; also note 3, p. 204. 
 
260 APPENDIX H. 
 
 mission, wold & were contented he sholde styll holde it 
 as they sholde order it, and that you wold, at theire 
 request, mak his lease no worse but rather better. They 
 bothe do, by the next, mynde to write vnto you thereof, 
 and I, in the meane tyme, will forbeare prayenge you 
 of your advertysement and pleasure. 
 
 Your suete agaynst the Tallauntes,' as I have adver- 
 tysed vnto you, is removed from the Castle chaumber: 
 and, as I remember, I sent you bothe the peticion & the 
 awnswere. I wolde, gladly, quietly haue compounded with 
 theym, but they, staunding yn the trust of theire cause, 
 & relying theym selffes vpon some which ar yn authoritie, 
 will yelde to nothinge ; thinckinge to haue theire purpose : 
 but if they haue no better proff then I do yet knowe of, 
 and do prevayle, as I hope I shaU, agaynst theyme, be 
 they assured I will kepe promyse with theyme for myn 
 owne parte ; and small shalbe the curtesey which I will 
 shew theyme ; and so haue I, yn playne termes, protested 
 vnto theym, trusting that you, of your wisedome, wUl con- 
 sider of theyme accordinge to theire desertes. 
 
 I do forthwith departe from hense towardes Dublyn 
 vnto the terme, where I hope I shold shortly fynde & have 
 the returne of John Dodd, whom, of late, I sent vnto you 
 
 ' The TaHons, on the coming of Sir Peter Carew into Ireland, occupied 
 certain lands in the Barony of Odrone, and upon his recovery of that barony 
 in due course of law, steps were taken to obtain possession of the same. 
 Some members of the family readily submitted, and took their lands of Sir 
 Peter at the same yearly rents as other tenants paid, but Robert Tallon, 
 on 15th November, 1570, exhibited a complaint in the Star Chamber, that 
 he had been wrongfully dispossesed by Sir Peter of a certain town called the 
 Nourney, and claimed redi-ess. In consequence of Sir Peter's absence in 
 England, it came not on for hearing until 1572, when the cause was trans- 
 ferred to the Council Board. Long proceedings ensued, which continued 
 until the 21st May, 1574, when a final hearing was appointed. 
 
APPENDIX H. 261 
 
 for suche thinges as yu the folowinge of your causes to 
 effect I may not want, & therefor I prayd you to have 
 regarde therevnto. 
 
 Your repaire & cominge hyther is dayly loked for, 
 which is not more longed for of the countrie as it wilbe 
 bothe profytable to the same & beneficiall to your selff, 
 which, if you do not accordingly tender and consider, the 
 blame must needes rest vpon your selfF, as well as the losse 
 & detryment. 
 
 The state of this countrie, vpon a sodeyne, is turned 
 to a quietnes, partely because a rumour is spredd of a 
 garryson of iJM men apoynted to come over, but cheffly 
 because the aple is not yet ripe, nether do matters fall so 
 out as they dyd verilie thincke it wolde. It were good 
 that her Ma*^^ had some care of it whiles tyme servethe. 
 The Queues Countie of Leax, Kyldare, & the confynes of 
 the Englyshe pale, is most in troble. Bryan M'= Kayre ' 
 is pardoned, wherein, for this furtheraunce, I was a suetor. 
 Great blame is layed & imputed, to M"" White, & sharp 
 wordes passed from the Lo. Depute vnto hym. If he be 
 so faultie as he is chardged the more is the folye. 
 
 You shall do well to recomende your Ires of thankes 
 to the Lo. Depute for his care yn your causes, & to M' 
 Davells for his good & trustie dealinge toward es you, who 
 is the onely stay of your countrie, & cause of that which 
 you do here enioye. He dealethe & entreateth well both 
 me & all yours, havinge no lesse care of vs then of his 
 owne. I am miche bounden vnto him for the same. 
 
 ' Bryan, son of Caliir, son of Arte, son of Dermot Lavderg Kavanagh. 
 Cahir, his father, was created a Baron of Parliament for the term of his 
 life only, in Henry Vlllth's time. (Lamb. MSS. 635, fol. 152.) Brian died 
 in 1578. In 1600 Mortough, his son, was living under protection, but liia 
 sept was in rebellion. 
 
262 APPENDIX H. 
 
 Your rentes ar yet yn recevinge, and suche is the 
 hard state here emong theym, partely by meanes of great 
 imposicions, & partely for wante of money^ as the collec- 
 tion thereof is bothe troblesome & with greate paynes bothe 
 to the receiror & payer. And thus for these presentes 
 bavinge to troble you^ do, with my dutefull comendacionSj 
 most humbly take my leave, ffrom Leigblyn the xx*"" of 
 Januarie 1572. 
 
 Yo"^ wo"^ most assuredly at commaudement 
 
 Jo. VowEiiL, als HOKER. 
 
 No. 17. 
 
 The L, Deputie and Chancelor of Ireland vnto the L. Pre- 
 sident of Munster} 
 
 After our vearie hartie commendacions to your good 
 L. I the Deputie receaved the Ires, whereof this is y^ 
 Copie inclosed, written by her Ma^^^ in the behalf of S"^ 
 Peter Carew, Knight, and althoughe, as by the said copie 
 may appear vnto your L., she hathe not hitherto thought 
 it convenient to graunte him his suite so fully as his 
 request was, in consideracion of the troublesome state of 
 that Province, yet she condiscended to his suite so farre 
 as that he shoulde cause declaracion to be made vnto me 
 the said L. Deputie, and suche other of the Counsell 
 learned in the lawes as I shoulde thinke meete, of all the 
 titles and interest that he pretendith to certaine landes in 
 that province. And, thereupon, as we should fynde 
 
 ' Lamb. MSS. 605, fol. 34. 
 
APPENDIX H. 263 
 
 apparaunce of his title in Justice, so we should, as to our 
 discretion should seeme meete, cause the same titles to he 
 discouered vnto the pei'sons who haue the possession of the 
 same landes, or to as many of them as from tyme to 
 tyme should be thought, also, convenient, & thereupon to 
 proceed e as by the said copie may more at lardge appeare 
 vnto your L. In sorte as is prescribed Sir Peter hath 
 caused declaracion to be made vnto vs so as we resolued 
 of the apparaunce of the iustice of his title. But hauing 
 bethought vs of the salfest manner of the discouerie 
 thereof, and of our proceedinges accordinge to the direc- 
 cion of her Ma*'^ Ires aforesaid, we, so consideringe the 
 Jelouse nature of the Irisherie, and the vnaptnes of this 
 sturringe tyme for the preferringe of suche titles, that we 
 may through ignoraunce erre in firste point, beinge of 
 great consequence, which is the apte choise of those that 
 are firste to be delte with all, whereupon (vsinge the con- 
 ference of the gentleman this bearer, M"^ Hoker the 
 follower of that and other S' Peters causes, who muche 
 furdered our determinacion, tellinge vs that" he already 
 delte with your L. in the matter, and founde you well 
 fauored to that which we mente to moue you to) we resolued 
 that the matter might better, and with lesse suspition, for 
 the avoydinge of a daungerous inconvenience be furthered 
 by your L. discreet dealinge there with some of them 
 whom you thought fittest to be firste delte with all, pick- 
 inge oute your best occasions and tymes, rather then if 
 we, vnskilfull of thone and lackinge the companye of 
 thother, should, as for that onelie purpose, either send for 
 them hither or send commissioners thither. Your L. is 
 wise, and both havinge the copie of her Ma*^^ Ires to 
 direct you, and also knowinge by the state of that Pro- 
 vince howe the tyme may serue you, either softely to 
 
264 APPENDIX H. 
 
 feele, or fuUie to handle, this matter, withoute daunger to 
 increase the sturres that be, or to raise ane, we leaue 
 your L. withoute further direccion to your owne good 
 discrecion. The bearers conference we thinke your L. 
 may salflie vse, for that how well soeuer he wissheth to 
 the cause, yet we take him to be so discreete and dutiful! 
 that he would haue no more haste therein then may. 
 stand with the good speed & quiet of the state. And so 
 with our most Kartie commendacions we take your good 
 L. to God. ffrom the Castell at Dublyn the xxvj* of 
 ffebruarie 1572. 
 
 Yo"" good L. vearie louinge friendes, 
 
 Robert Weston, Canc. W. Ffitzwyllyams. 
 L. P. of Mounnster. 
 
 No. 18. 
 
 A Letter from John Hooker to Sir Peter Carew about his 
 affayres in Ireland.^ 
 
 S', I have bene at Leighlyn onwardes yn my iourney 
 towardes Corke, but, vpon occasion, & for avoydinge of 
 certeyne inconvenyences I was enforced to returne with 
 some speede, for so it is that M"^ Colkloughe ^ being former 
 of Tynterne Abbey, maketh clayme to the baronye of S* 
 Molyn, or Symolyn, and hath procured a comission for 
 the possession therof: which the Cavananghes there 
 
 ' Lambeth MSS. 605, fol. 208. 
 
 2 The noble edifice of Tintern Abbey was situated on the River Bannow, 
 at the bottom of Bannow bay, in the county of Wexford, three miles from 
 
APPENDIX H. 365 
 
 clayming to be theire inheritance^ fyndinge theyme selflfes 
 to be greved therewith, & not mynding to leave the same, 
 were yn a great towardnes of a present rebellyon, if bryan 
 McKayre ' had not benne, who, forthwith, repaired to me 
 and to M' Davells, for our advyse therein. And I, per- 
 ceaving the great myscheff towardes, whereof a parte 
 wolde alighted vpon you, bysides the vtter spoylinge of 
 me, because your Cavenanghes, beinge desirouse and 
 having a will to recover theyme selff to their old wonted 
 lybertie, wolde hapely haue ioyned with theym yn this 
 case, because they, also, shold do the lyke for theyme ; I 
 came forthwith hether, and descovered the same in such 
 
 Duncannon fort. William, Earl of Pembroke, being in great peril at sea 
 made a vow to found an abbey at the place where he should land. This was 
 at Tintern, where he estabhshed a, fratei*nity of Cistercians, which he 
 brought from Tintern Abbey, in Monmouthshire, to whom he granted 
 many parcels of land, and extensive liberties and privileges. The house was 
 dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The founder died in 1219, and King John 
 confirmed his will. 
 
 In 31 Henry VIII, John Power, then Abbot, surrendered this house into 
 the King's hands. In 1566 we find it in the possession of Anthony Colcloghe, 
 under a lease from the Crown, at a rent of £26 4s. Irish. That gentleman 
 was then a suitor to the Queen for the fee from rent, which she refused to 
 grant, but consented to give him a further lease for thirty-one years, after 
 the expiration of that he then held, on condition that he should fortify the 
 house. On the 20th April, 1568, however, his request was granted, and this 
 house, with its extensive and valuable appxu^^enances, passed into his hands. 
 
 It appears from a letter in the State Paper Office, dated 2nd June, 1574, 
 that Anthony Colcloghe visited England about that time respecting the 
 parcel of land called St. Molyn's, mentioned in the text. 
 
 Anthony Colcloghe was descended from a Shropshire family of that name. 
 He received the honour of knighthood from the Lord Justices on 7th 
 September, 1582, and, having married a lady of Staffordshire, called Aga'rd, 
 he left issue Thomas Colclonghe, who also was knighted by Sir WiUiam 
 Fitzwilliams in 1592. Sir Thomas married a daughter of Adam Loftus, 
 Archbishop of Dublin, and left issue. 
 
 ' Kavanagh. See note 1, p. 261. 
 
266 APPENDIX H. 
 
 order to the Lo. Deputie as the same is prevented, and a 
 present remedye devised. 
 
 Your baronie is in quiet staye, but yet as a sorte of 
 bussynge flees, they are bussyng abroade, muttering that 
 you will never come emonge theym, and surely, forasmiche 
 as the report of John Dodd is rather doubtfull then reso- 
 lute, it is the more certeynly credited and they out of all 
 hope thereof, which if it sholde so be your state wilbe in 
 perell, & your inheritaunce yn hasarde. And now they waxe 
 so indurated as oneles you do come yn deede, we shalbe 
 hable to do no good at all : wherefor you have to sett a 
 syde delayes and to speede your selfF hether yn dewe tyme. 
 
 The release of your cesse cannot take effect & be put 
 yn execution without your presence, suche hath benne, & 
 styU is, theire mysery, that complaynynge they durst not 
 to complayne : and by your authoritie & presence the 
 same ys onely to be resolved. 
 
 If your evidence be not brought hether yn dew tyme 
 & agaynst the next terme, you must impute it to your 
 owne folye, that through your slacknes will not for any 
 callynges or writinges attende, & be carefull to dyspatche 
 & sende awaye suche evydences as ar for the profF & 
 defense of your tytle herein. I can do no more for my part 
 than I have donne. I have so often written to you herein 
 that I am both werye and ashamed thereof. The state of 
 Monnster is growen to quietnes, James Fitzmorys & the 
 seneschall' being come yn with protection, and havinge 
 playnly, symply, and without condicion, yelded theym 
 selffs & craved pardon.^ They do accuse the Earl of Clan- 
 
 ' Of Imokelly, see note 1, page 103. 
 
 ^ This ceremony took place in the ruined church of Kilmallock. The 
 rehels entered the church among a multitude of people, and there James 
 Fitzraorice, the seneschal, and others of the confederacy, kneeling on both 
 
APPENDIX H. 267 
 
 cartye, and S' Edmund butler, to be theire authors and 
 causers of their rebellyon. The rest of Ereland is as 
 
 knees, with their hands joined and cast upwards, and with countenances 
 " bewraying their great sorrow and fervent repentance for their former life." 
 James of Desmond acted as spokesman, first in English, and then in Irish. 
 He said that in the eleventh year of Her Majesty's reign, he had been led, 
 partly by his own error and want of knowledge of his duty and partly by 
 associating with the Earl of Clancarthy and Sir Edmund Butler, into a rebel- 
 lion with those chiefs against the Queen, adding, " When too late, I under- 
 stood how far I had waded in disloyalty ; that I, with the rest, was in the 
 cities and towns of the land proclaimed traitor ; I sought to avoid the realm, 
 and being, by good keeping of the ports, debarred of passage, was so void 
 of friends as, when the rest were received into mercy, T could not at that 
 time have any who, either for my good or stinting of evil, would be mean 
 for me unto Her Majesty or the governors of the realm. But rather as 
 a destitute person left to maintain the quarrels of the rest, and desperate 
 and hopeless of all favour, I have devilishly, followed my own wickedness, 
 and being in heart full of anguish and sorrow for the mischief that I 
 heaped upon mischief, could never have bewrayed the same, or receive the 
 favour to be but onee heard, until this present time. And now, therefore, 
 with the eyes of my heart sore weeping, and bewailing my most devilish 
 life past, I acknowledge myself to have most wickedly rebelled against God, 
 and most undutifully against ray prince, and most unnaturally against my 
 country J the hearsay whereof in particular wore needless in this audience to 
 make known, which are witnesses of them aU, and which (woe worth the 
 chanai !) have and might condemned me as the rankest traitor alive." 
 
 During this confession, the Lord-President stood before him, holding 
 his naked sword with the point towards Fitzmaurice's heart. When he had 
 finished the words just recited, the rebel chief humbly delivered up his own 
 sword, and continued : " This sword that I wear (which by God's appoint- 
 ment should be used in the service of my prince, or in my lawful defence ; 
 and not otherwise), I yield as abused from its proper course, unto Her 
 Majesty, and do bereave myself from the use thereof, until it shall please 
 Her Majesty for my further trial to commit unto me any piece of service, 
 wherein I vow as much faith and earnestness as any man can have. Her 
 Majesty's sword I cannot but acknowledge hath wearied and overcome me, 
 and unto the same I humbly and willingly do yield, and under the same I 
 vow to fight all the residue of my life, if it may please your Lordship to 
 
268 APPENDIX H. 
 
 heretofore, who, as they are most desyrouse to weede and 
 root out all the English nacon from emonge theyme, so 
 they do thinck verie evell to be governed under theire 
 Irishe Lordes, whose government they douht wilbe suche 
 as to (be) heavie to theyme, and which they will not beare. 
 As for my parte, yelding my selff to the sound opinion of 
 the most prudent, honorable, and wyse counsellors, wiU 
 leave theym to theire opynions which ar of the myndes 
 that the Englysh government ones dyssolved and taken 
 awaye her Ma*'^ is not lyke longe to have miche a doo yn 
 this Lande, and as it is thought the same is the marck 
 which is shott vnto. Your tytle of Mounster is not 
 vnknowen among theym there, who, for the most have 
 geven over theire owne tytles,.and taken theire lyvynges of 
 the prince, and dayly do the lyke. And now presently 
 
 draw your sword, that I may kiss the same as a token of Her Majesty's 
 sword ; and also to be a mean unto her highness to vouchsafe to accept me 
 as her most miserable vassal." 
 
 Having kissed the Lord-President's sword, Fitzmaurice lastly threw 
 himself prostrate upon the ground, exclaiming, ••' And now this earth of Kil- 
 mallock, which town I have most traitorously sacked and burnt, I kiss, and 
 on the same I lie prostrate, overfraught with sorrow upon this present view 
 of my most mischievous part. And so right honourable, as my most dread 
 sovereign Lady the Queen's Majesty hath throughout the world most amply 
 spread her glory for mercy, so, prostrate here, I beseech your good lordships 
 to be a mean mito her highness, rather to have an eye unto that mercy which 
 hath made her most honourable, than to her justice, wherewith I confess I 
 have deserved a thousand times to be destroyed," 
 
 Such was the abject, and at the same time most insincere submission of 
 James Fitzmam'ice, who was no sooner released by the leniency of the 
 Government from the perilous position which be bad just occupied, than he 
 entered into negotiations with foreign powers, and tbi-ew himself into those 
 desperate courses, which ended in his own destruction. — Wright's Ireland, 
 vol. i., pp- 436, 437. 
 
APPENDIX II. 269 
 
 fynon Odristo ^ is come hether to Dublyn for the same 
 purpose, and mynding very shortly to come over vnto you. 
 They thincke by these meanes to avoyde you, wherefore 
 you may take advyse. 
 
 And so with my comendacions I take my leave, ffirom 
 Dublyn the viij"» of March 1572. 
 
 Yo"^ most assuredly 
 
 Jo. VOWELL, AliS HOKER. 
 
 To the Right worshipfull S' 
 Peter Carew, Knight, at 
 the greate S* Bartholo- 
 mewes yn London, geve 
 these w** speed. 
 
 No. 19. 
 
 The Lord-Deputy and Council of Ireland to the Queen.'^ 
 
 May it please your moast Excellent Ma*'^. By your 
 letters of the iij'''* May, 1572, concerneing S"^ Peter Caros 
 
 ' PynoQ O'Driscoll, third son of Connogher O'Driscoll, by Joan, 
 daugliter to Connogher O'Mahon. O'Drisooll's country was situated in 
 Carbery, County Cork, and was called Collymore. It bore chief rent to 
 McCartie Eeoghe, who, by dehvering a rod, appointed him who should be 
 O'Driscoll, for so the lord of the country was called. After the death of 
 Sir Fynon O'Driscoll's father, the two sons of Pynon More O'Driscoll, his 
 elder brother, were in controversy with Sir Fynon for the lordship. The 
 rod was given to Sir Fynon by McCartie Reoghe, but the half of the land 
 was ordered to his two kinsmen. Sir Fynon ultimately managed to get 
 possession from them, and surrendered his lands to the Queen, receiving the 
 same back again by letters patent, so that his country might descend to his 
 sons, and not to Tainstry, after the Irish manner. Sir Pynon married first 
 a daughter of Teg boy O'Crawley, whom he repudiated, and then married a 
 daughter of Sir Owen McCartie Eeoghe. His lands were claimed by Sir 
 Peter Carew. — See Appendix H, No. 21. 
 
 ^ State Paper Office. Irish Correspondence. 
 
 2 c2 
 
270 APPENDIX H. 
 
 claime to certen landes in Munster, which we receaved 
 the xxtii September following, we are directed (S"" Peter 
 causing declaracon to be made vnto vs of all titles and 
 interest that he pretendith to those landes) that as we 
 should threvppon fynd apparraunce of his title injustice: 
 so we shoulde as to our discretion shoulde seeme meete, 
 cause the same titles to be discovered to the persons who 
 have the possession of the same landes, or as manie of them 
 as from tyme to tyme shoulde be thought convenient. And 
 therevppon, also, to move them by all the best perswasione 
 that we coulde devise and shoulde thincke agreable to 
 justice, to yelde to the sayde S' Peter Caros titles, which 
 if they shoulde refuse, and should allege matter yn their 
 partes to the contrary, that then their reasons and allega- 
 cons, if they shoulde be grounded vppon lawe or color of 
 lawe, shoulde be duelie examined and wayed with the saide 
 S*' Peter Caros titles and demandes by suche of your 
 Ma*^^ lerned counsell and otheres here as might seeme to 
 vs to be indifferent, and that, therevppon, if the title of 
 the sayde S' Peter shoulde, notwithstanding the allega- 
 cons of the contrarie parte, seeme worthie of favor in 
 Justice, then the saide parties shoulde, eftsones, be moved 
 by lyke good perswasions to be content to come to some 
 reasonable composicion and agreement with the saide 
 S"" Peter so as the tryall of lawe might be avoyded, which if 
 we coulde not also bring them to lyke, then we might for 
 the tyme forbear, and advertise your Ma^'^ of their answere 
 to the said S' Peter Caros claime, and our opinione with 
 all what we shoulde thincke further meete to be don in 
 that case. 
 
 ffrom the tyme of the receipt of your Ma'^^ letters 
 vntill februarie followeing (James Fitzmorice rebellion 
 continueing in force) we sawe no tyme to look towardes 
 
APPENDIX H. 271 
 
 this cause, more then that suche as haue the followeing of 
 S"^ Peters causes there have caused declaracion to be made 
 vnto vs of the titles in sort as shall appere vnto your Ma*'^ 
 by the copie thereof sent herewith, examplified vndre 
 your Ma**^ scale of this Exchquier. The rebellion being 
 appeased, we fell into consideracion of the first parte of 
 your direction for the discoverie of the title. The maner 
 of doing therof being left to our discrecion, we thought 
 we could not vse fitter instrument then your Ma*^^ Presi- 
 dent of that Province, who, having had the whole 
 managing therof, coulde best pyke owte both tymes, occa- 
 cions, and persons to deale with for the furtheraunce of 
 this cause. Wherevpon we wrot vnto him our letters in 
 sort as shall appere vnto you by the copie thereof inclosed. 
 Howe vnapte he iudgith those people to be tempered with 
 in these cases that savor of la we, and howe j close he 
 thinckes they wiU all growe by touching of anie one that 
 is in case they all be in, and what, therefore, his opinion 
 is, shall appere to your Ma*i^ by the copie of his letters in 
 answere of owres, sent herewith also ; wherein well doth 
 he argue from the lesse to the more, what is vearie lyke 
 to growe of this mocion that touchith somanie, mencioned 
 in a note herein closed, and of them the more numbre 
 nuelie reclamed to have a feeling of duetie and obedience. 
 Sithe, therefore, it is no salf medling with the first direc- 
 tion of your Ma*®^ letters for the discoverie of the title to 
 this people that accompt possession and one or two dis- 
 cents suche a right as is not to be called in question, we 
 must, of consequence, leave all the other directions 
 vnmedled withall. ffor the last parte of your Ma*^^ letters, 
 willing vs to advertise our opinions what we shall thincke 
 further mete to be don in this case. Which way ells 
 soever S'' Peter is to be contented we humblie leave to your 
 
272 APPENDIX H. 
 
 Mati« gracious consideracion, but surely this matter is this 
 way no further to be dealt withall without present and 
 apparaunt perill of sturre, which would not be appeased 
 but with so great a chardge as we wolde not wisshe your 
 Ma**^ shoulde enter into for anie privat mans title or 
 interest : though we think the same might prove to be of 
 some value if it might have the due course of lawe. 
 
 ffor reformacion of the cesse of Odron, we have taken 
 ordre, and caused the same to be examplified vndre your 
 Ma*^s great seal of this your Eealm. And so beseching 
 God long and happelie to bless and preserve your godlie 
 raigne, we do most humblie and duetifuUie ende. ffrom 
 your Mat«s Castle at Dublin the xf* of June 1573. 
 
 Your Ma'^s moast faithfulle subjectes, and moste 
 humblie bounden Servauntes, 
 Adam Dublin, custos sigilli.' H. Miden.^ 
 
 N. White.^ Jo : Plunket.'' Lucas Dillon.* 
 RoBT. Dyllon." 
 
 Frances Agarde.' John Chaloner.' 
 
 ' Adam Loftus, second son of Edward Loftus of Swiueshead, County 
 York, was educated at Cambridge, where at a public disputation lie attracted 
 the attention of Queen Elizabeth, who promised him speedy preferment. He 
 was soon afterwards sent into Ireland as chaplain to the Earl of Sussex, 
 Lord-Lieutenant, and on the 8th of October, 1561, presented to the rectory 
 of Painstown, diocese of Meath, and in the same month appointed Arch- 
 bishop of Annagh, to which he was consecrated in the following year, being 
 then 28 years old. In January, 1564, he was granted the deanery of 
 St. Patriot's, to hold in commendam, and in 1567 was translated to the see 
 of Dublin, having a short time before taken the degree of D.D. In March, 
 1573, he was made Keeper of the Great Seal, and on the 22nd June, 1578, 
 constituted Lord Chancellor, which high office he held until his death. He 
 was four times one of tlie Chief Governors of Ireland : viz., 1582, 1585, 
 1597, and 1599, and having greatly distinguished himself by opposing a 
 project for dissolving the cathedi'al of St. Pati-ick's, and stUl more, by 
 his zealous exertions in favour of the fomidationof the University of Dublin 
 
APPENDIX H. 273 
 
 No. 30. 
 
 Copy 
 
 Sir John Perrot, Lord President of Munster, to the Lord- 
 Deputy and Council} 
 
 Male it please yoiu- L. that your letterSj -svith others of 
 the Counsell there, written the xxvj"' of ffebruarie last I 
 receaued the xv* of this monithe by ]\I'' Hooker, S'' Peter 
 Carowes maB, togither ^ith the copie of her Ma*^ letter 
 
 he was by chai-ter appointed the Fu^t Provost of that institution, which office 
 he resigned in 1594. He died, worn out with age, on 5th April. 1605, having 
 been an archbishop 42 years, and was bui-ied in St. Patrick's Cathedi-jd. He 
 married Jane, eldest daughter of Adiun Purdon, of Largan Eace, County 
 Louth, luid by her had issue twenty children. Fi-om his grandsons are 
 descended the noble famihes of Ely and Lisbui-n. 
 
 ^ Hugh Brady, Bishop of Meath ( Jlidensis) appointed, by patent dated 
 21st October, 1563. Harris is mistaken in his assertion that he had been 
 Archdeacon of Meath. Sir- Henry Sydney, in a letter to Queen Ehzabeth, 
 calls him "the honest, zealous, and learned Bishop of Meath, a gotUy 
 minister for the gospel, and a good servant to your Highness." He died 
 the 13th Februai-y, 1585, and was buried in the parish church of his native 
 place, Dunboyne. 
 
 3 See note 2, p. 210. 
 
 ■■ See note 3, p. SO. 
 
 5 Sir Luke Dillon, of Newtown and Moymet, County Meath, eldest 
 son of Su: Robert Dillon (see note 3, p. 80) by Genet, youngest daughter of 
 Edward BarneweU, of Crickstown. He was not only eminent in the pro- 
 fession of the law, but was distinguished for his experience both in military 
 and civil affairs, insomuch that Sir Henry Sydney consulted him on all 
 matters of consequence, and found him so feithfcl and trusty that he used 
 to call him metis fidelis Lucas. In 1567 he was Attorney-General, and in 
 1572 was constituted Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and one of the 
 Privy Council. He married Jane, daughter of James Bath, of Athcame 
 and Drumconragh, Esq., Chief Baron of the Exchequer, by whom he had 
 seven sons and five daughters. He married secondly , daughter 
 
 State Paper Office. Irish Correspondence. 
 
274 APPENDIX H. 
 
 directed vnto your L. touching the titles which the same 
 S"^ Peter hath vnto certen landes in this prouince. And 
 as the handeling of that matter is by her Ma*'^ onehe 
 referred vnto your L. good consyderacion, so for my parte, 
 I must desyer you to pardon me from dealing in a cause 
 of suche importaunce, except that anie whome your L. will 
 sende for touching the premisses do refuse to appeare, then 
 vpon your Lp. commaun dement, Iwillapprehende and send 
 him vnto you accordingly. But yet, my L., as one that 
 wissheth well vnto your Lp. government and to the state, 
 I am to put you in remembraunce what sturres grewe 
 vpon the like occasion offered in the late L. Deputie S' 
 Henry Sydney^s tyme (yea, by suche a one as was cyvilly 
 brought vp, having great frindes and other meanes to tye 
 hym vnto obedience) when that tytle was had in question, 
 the flame of which fire coulde never be quenched vntill 
 withirL these xiiij dayes. What shoulde I resite vnto your 
 L. what hazard the state was brought vnto by the same, 
 when the said S'' Henry had for euery soldier your L. 
 hathe iij, or to declare what chardge her Ma*'' was pu.t 
 vnto by reason thereof, sithens the same is extaunt with 
 your L., and yet (as before) there was at that tyme 
 dealing but with one, being a civill man, wheare nowe 
 most of the wildest and strongest in Mounster should be 
 
 and heir of Shirley, and widow of Sir Christopher Barnewell, and died 
 1595. 
 
 » See note 3, p. 80. 
 
 ' Francis Agard, appointed Constable of Femes for 21 years, in Queen 
 Mary's time. Commissioner to reside in Munster during the absence of 
 Ormond and Desmond, 1565. A Privy Councillor, 1566. The O'Tooles 
 and Q'Byrnes put under his charge 1567. 
 
 ' John Chaloner, Secretai-y of State, which office he resigned on 29th 
 July, 1580, and died soon afterwards. 
 
APPENDIX H. 275 
 
 touched therewith; being men that have bin without 
 lawe, and neuer obedient vnto the same before this tyme ; 
 who tasting suche sower medcynes at the first maie, hap- 
 pelly, trouble your L. and loathe justice from hence for- 
 warde. My L. to begin to feele anie one ! they are not 
 so sencelesse, but they will ymediately iudge thereby that 
 in thende they all shalbe touched. And saerlie suche is 
 there opinion, that if there be one discent caste vpon them 
 they thincke their title good what right soeuer anie other 
 man haue to the contrarie : I consydre, also, with what 
 difficultie, what trouble of bodie and mynde, what hazarde 
 of credit, and what wantes I have susteined in the seruice 
 paste to bringe this state to the quiet it is nowe at : and 
 then, that if I shoulde by entermedling in this matter 
 (which is referred to your Lp. iudgement) cause anie 
 alteracion of the same quiet here established, (I trust) 
 not onely for the tyme present, but also for the tyme to 
 come : I might be compared to the cowe, that yeelding 
 store of milke, ouerthrowethe the same with her heele. 
 On the other syde seeing that your L. with the reste are 
 resolved in thapparencie of the justnesse of his title, yt 
 grevethe me at the vearie harte that anie stoppe should 
 be whereby he might not inioye his owne. The cause 
 whence the weakenesse of the government of this state 
 proceedeth, I am not ignoraunte in, but I will not medle 
 therewith at this tyme. "Wherefore, to conclude, my 
 opinion is, that it were much better her Ma'''= should take 
 his title into her highnes handes, gyving him some peece 
 of lande in England, or otherwise to considre of him, 
 then by medling therewith (as tyme nowe seruethe) to 
 urge the alteracion which maie thereon growe. And 
 weying that all Irelande enioyethe not throughe quiet, 
 and that neither bctwene vs and Spaine, nor ffraunce (as 
 
276 APPENDIX H. 
 
 1 take it) is perfecte amitie, I would wishe this matter to 
 proceede no farther tyll tyme might more aptlie serve. 
 Thus referring the same againe vnto your L. and other the 
 Counsell there to be consydered of, I committ your Lorde- 
 ship to the tuission of the Almightie. flfrom Lymerick 
 the xix*" of Marclie 1573. 
 
 No. 21. 
 
 The Parcells of Landes within the province of Corke, which 
 S' Peter Carew maketh clayme vnto. ' 
 
 Imokylley, wherin standeth the Castell of Corc- 
 
 bege of Osoastell-corch, which fitz Edmonds, 
 
 called y° Seneschall, vz slought knight redying 
 
 houldeth. fitxgerald 
 
 20 horsemen, 400 footmen. Tryebarry barough, which barry more holdeth. 
 
 Barry 
 20 horsemen, 400 footmen. Musgraves Comitry, which S"^ Gorman teige, 
 knight, holdeth. McCarty 
 
 4 horsemen, 40 footmen. Kynally, which is barry Oges Country. 
 
 Frey Coursey, which the Lo : Coursie houldeth. 
 
 2 horsemen, 40 footmen. Kynalbeke, which 
 
 Omahon of Carehy 
 
 holdeth. 
 
 20 horsemen, 200 footmen. Carbrye, which Mc 
 
 Arty Eoye holdeth. 
 
 2 horsemen, 40 footmen. Collymore ; Oolly- 
 
 Omahon 
 
 McCarty reoghe 
 Odriscoll 
 begg; Odi-iscolmore \ McArty Koys Country, 
 and Odrisco : O 
 
 holdeth. 
 Ivaghe, which Oma- 
 hun-a-neere holdeth 
 60 footmen. Synnagh, O done-no- 
 sane. 
 
 Omahon 
 
 Odonevan 
 
 Rynno. Wryvter bary, which the Dallyes being 
 Rimers do hold. 
 
 Lambeth MSS. 606, fol. 53. 
 
APPENDIX H. 
 
 277 
 
 200 footmen. Bentry, Osolifant ' 
 beare. 
 Beare, which he also 
 houldeth. 
 24 footmen. Clandenorro. 
 24 footmen. Clannorogh, which 
 MoKynnys do 
 
 hould. 
 200 footmen. Cleighe boyghe, which 
 Oaolyfant more ' 
 holdeth. 
 300 footmen. Iveraghe, which Mc 
 Cartie more, Earle 
 of Clancre, holdeth. 
 
 Osolevan 
 
 McArty Mores Country. 
 
 Osulevan 
 
 MoGo/Hy more 
 
 300 footmen. Kerry, wherin is Castell Magno, the Earl of 
 
 Desmond's. Fitzgerald 
 
 300 footmen. Clanne Morys, which the Lo. ffitz morys holdeth. 
 
 Fitzmoriee 
 60 footmen. Raght Knoghtnore, which Oconnor of Okyrry 
 holdeth. Oconnor Kerry 
 
 300 footmen. McConoghea Countrie, which is Dohalleys. 
 
 McDonoylie Cartie 
 
 Coshe Breode, which the Earl of Desmond 
 
 holdeth. Fitz&erald 
 
 No. 22. 
 
 The Lord Deputy and Council of Ireland to the Privy 
 Council.'' 
 
 It may please your good Lips. According to your 
 Letters of the xxij'*'' of fFeb"". 1572, and ordre of the xxj^* 
 of same, eonceavid in wryting, therewith sent, for reforma- 
 cion of the abuses in the cesses of Odron vpon the 
 
 ' O'SuUivan More, alias O'Sullivan Pew. 
 2 State Paper Office. Irish Cor. 
 
278 APPENDIX H. 
 
 complaint of S' Peter Caro, Knight, lorde of the same, 
 we haue considered of the matter, and fynding it bothe 
 reasonable and indifferent that the same (with some 
 alteracions seeming to be convenient) shoulde be put in 
 execucion, we haue caused a counsell decree thereof to 
 be made and entered into our Counsell booke, and, at the 
 sute of the sayd S' Peter's Solhcitor, examplified the same 
 vndre her Ma**^ great seale of this her Realme, whereby 
 the sayde S"" Peter may make our dealings therein appere 
 to your Lips, at his pleasure. 
 
 Her Maf«, on the behalf of the sayde S"" Peter, hath 
 by other her letters of the iij'^^ of May 1572 directed vs : 
 That as vpon declaracion caused by the saide S'' Peter to 
 be made vnto us of the titles and interest that he pleadithe 
 to certen landes in Mounster we shoulde fynde the 
 apparaunce of the justice of the same titles j So we 
 shoulde, as to our discrecions shoulde seeme meete, deale 
 for the discoverie thereof to those that had those landes 
 in possession, and so further proceede as by our letter to 
 her Ma*i^ (wherewith we doubt not you shalbe emparted) 
 shall appere vnto you. Declaracon hathe accordingly bin . 
 made vnto vs of the sayde titles, as by thexemplifica- 
 tion thereof vndre this her Ma*^ Exchequier seale we doubt 
 not shall appere vnto you. Howe we have delt thervpon 
 with the L. President of that province, howe daungerous 
 a matter we fynd it to entre unto, much more to proceede 
 in, shall also appere vnto you by our sayde letters vnto 
 her Ma*i^, and the copie therein closed of the sayde L. 
 presidentes letters vnto vs. Humblie, therefore, we are 
 to pray your Lips, to be a mean that suche way may be 
 taken therein to content or stay S"" Peter, that for feare of 
 reuiuing further sturres here, those titles be no further 
 reuiued. And so leaning the same to your Lips, graue 
 
APPENDIX H. 279 
 
 consideracions we do moast humbly ende. ffrom her 
 Ma«es Castle at Dublin the x^^ of June 1573. 
 
 Your good Lips, humblie ever to commaunde 
 
 W. FiTZWILLIAM. 
 
 Adam Dublin, custos sigilli. H. Miden. 
 
 Jo: Plunkett. Ltjc4s Dillon.' N.White. 
 RoBT. Dyllon. ruANCis Agarde. John Chalonek. 
 
 No. 23. 
 
 Sir Peter Carews humble sutes vnto my Lordes of the 
 pryvye counsell touchinge Odrone, Leyghlyn, his title to 
 Landes in Mounster.^ 
 
 fiBrst — if it shall not bee her Ma*^' pleasure to suffre 
 me to goe into Irelande agayne for setlyug of my thinges 
 there, being lefte very rawe at my departure thens. That 
 it may please your honores, on my behalf, most humbly 
 to move hir highnes to graunte hir favorable Ires vnto the 
 Lorde Deputie there, to requyre hym that my attorney 
 maye have favorable hearing for my causes concerning 
 the Baronye of hydrone and aU other landes depending 
 vpon that title within the countie of Catherloghe, and to 
 execute all thinges there on my behalf, as amplye as 
 thoughe my self were present. 
 
 Secondarily — Whereas I receaved into ray handes the 
 Queues Ma*''^ Castle of Leghlyn, and have discharged hir 
 highnes for keaping of the same by the space of one yere 
 
 1 Lamb MSS. 605, fol. 45. 
 
380 APPENDIX H. 
 
 and three quarters, whiche before coste Mr Ma*'« one 
 thousand markes by the yere : my humble sute is, that it 
 maye please hir highnes, to graunte me either the fee 
 symple of the saide Castle and landes thereunto belong- 
 ing, being of the value of xlvj^ viij^, by the yere, or els to 
 take it into hir owne handes agayne, and so haue con- 
 sideracion of my greate charges susteyned for defence of 
 the saide Castle and countree adioyning, whiche cost me 
 in the tyme of this rebellion, three thousand poundes. 
 And yet I doo contynue at that chardge hir Ma*'^ was at 
 before for keaping of the saide Castle, having lefte a suf- 
 ficient guarde there for defence thereof. 
 
 Thirdly — ffor that hir highnes is not pleased I shall 
 deale with my title in Monstere, because it toucheth 
 dyvers noble men : — my humble sute is to have hir highnes 
 Ires vnto the L. Deputie, to aucthorize hym, or the L. 
 President of Monster in his absence, or som suche other 
 as the L. Deputie shall appoynte, to see and vnderstand 
 my title, and then to deale with the saide noble-men, 
 declaring vnto them what interest I have to their landes, 
 and to bringe them to that good conformitie they can, 
 and so relacion to be made thereof vnto hir highnes 
 accordingly : — whereby her Ma*'^ maye take suche ordre 
 therein betweene vs, as shall seame vnto hir highnes 
 reasonable. 
 
 ffourthly — yf it shall be hir Ma**^ pleasure that I shall 
 have the fee symple of the house of Leghlyn and the 
 landes therevnto belonging, as is aforesaide, that then, in 
 consideracion of my chardges in keapiug the saide house, 
 suche landes as I have recovered, or shall hereafter 
 recover, within the Baronye of Hydrone, maye bee free 
 from Sesse of all other soldiours, then those I shall be 
 dryven to keape there ; and, otherwise, if it shall please 
 
APPENDIX II. 281 
 
 hir highnes to take the saide house of Leghlyn into hir 
 owne chardge agayne, I do offre to maynetene tenne 
 Englishe hoi'semen, to be alwayes attendant upon suohe 
 one as shalbe appointed Cap*^"' there. So as my landes 
 aforesaide, may bee free from Sesse of all other soldiours. 
 yf every Baronye in Irelande wolde make the like offre 
 vnto hir highnes and performe it, hir Ma*'^ should have 
 litle neede to chardge this lande for service there here- 
 after. 
 
 No. 24. 
 
 S' Peter Carew to the L. Deputy.^ 
 
 Maya it please your good L. It hathe byn reaper ted 
 vnto me that the Queues Ma*«^ pleasure is, I shall not 
 retorne into Ireland for the farther following of my causes 
 there, whiche (if it should so bee) wolde bee my vtter 
 vndoing, ffor syns the first tyme of the attemptyng of my 
 title in that land, which in following of it there and in sute 
 here it hath cost me sixe thousand poundes at the least; 
 and having recovered the Baronye of Odron by good 
 order, yet, notwithstanding, thoccupiers thereof will not 
 compounde with any deputies I shall send thither, or take 
 any leases of them, but onely of myself, and in that sorte 
 they have offered to agree with me for any rent to be 
 chardged vpon them, so as my repayre thither wolde 
 greately avayle to my proffite & commoditie, and, on the 
 contrary parte, my staye here to my losse and vtter 
 vndoing. I fear me, those vntrue reaportes that were 
 made of me vnto her highnes for being thoccasion of the 
 
 1 Lamb. MSS. 605, fol. 42. 
 
283 APPENDIX H. 
 
 first rebellion when I was in Ireland is not yet owt of 
 her Matins hedde^ althoughe, in deede, I am hahle to prove 
 that the same was begonne before thattempting of my 
 sutes there, or my arryvall into that lande ; and gladde 
 I am that it was not my happe to bee there at this present, 
 least I might, in like sorte, have byn vntruely chardged 
 with this rebellion also ; and yet, althoughe that lande is 
 at this present (as yo"" L. knowethe) very moche vnquieted, 
 my people of Odrone remayne still verry good subiectes, 
 not one of them (to my knowledge) startyng forth; offering 
 to fulfill, thoroughly, whatsoever they promysed vnto me 
 at my being there, whiche is an argument and figure that 
 they are well contented with my self and my doinges also. 
 I crave nothing at her Ma*^^ handes, but onely hir highnes 
 gracious favour & good countenaunce in my iuste and 
 righteous causes. I am well hable to prove that I lost 
 in Queue Maryes tyme eighte thousand poundes in value 
 at the least, & syns, in this her highnes reigne, (whom God 
 longe preserve) I have solde for her service CCC markes 
 landes, and now, lastly, not to be permitted to haue the 
 benefite of a poore subiecte, I protest vnto your good L. 
 I must neades thynke my self the most vnfortunate man 
 lyvynge, beinge suche a corrosye vnto my harte as yet 
 never heretofore I receaved the like in all my dayes. But 
 to be bolde to trouble your L. with my symple opynion 
 concerning those perswasyons that ar made, why our 
 countremen should not bee permitted to inhabite within 
 that lande, surely hir Ma*'^ shall never bee thoroughly 
 knowen there so longe as hir owne lawes ar not currant, 
 & hir owne sworde bee not the mynister of iustice, & those 
 Regali ar vnder Kinges not suffered to have thadministra- 
 cion of lawes & iustice at their willes & pleasure. Thus I 
 am bolde to trouble your L. with my opynion herein. As 
 
APPENDIX H. 283 
 
 concerning my titles in Monster^ I have digested the 
 same into certen articles hereinclosed, humbly submittyng 
 my self & my sutes vnto hir highnes gracious pleasure & 
 your honours good consideracions of me, being nowe well 
 growen in yeres, vnto whome the losse of a litle tyme is 
 moche, having followed these sutes already by the space of 
 three yeres here, & ij yeres in Ireland. And so acknowe - 
 ledging my self alwayes bound vnto your L. for your sundry 
 curtesies, with humble thankes & like comendacions doo 
 ende. 
 
 No. 25. 
 
 Petition and offers of Peter Carew, Knight. 
 
 Yf it shall please the Quenes Ma*'^ to licence me to 
 pass into Ireland with hir highnes good favour and coun- 
 tenaunce for following of my titles withih the counties of 
 Corke, Lymerike, & Kyrrye, being within Monster, then 
 I offer as foUoweth : ffirst — if I doo not setle and place 
 one thousand of Englishmen within the said counties 
 before mychelmas nexte shalbe twelvemoneth I will for- 
 feicte vnto hir Ma*'« all the titles and interest that I ought 
 to have within the said three counties. 
 
 Also, if any rebellion, for my cause, shall happen 
 within the said three counties by the Irisherye, without 
 ayde of forren power, I, during my lief, to suppresse the 
 same with the ayde of my friendes at my own costes & 
 chardges, or els the like forfeicture to bee made as is 
 expressed in the former article, whiche I will not leave for 
 any one mans possessions in Ireland, so as I may have hir 
 highnes favour & lawe withall. 
 
 2d 
 
284 APPENDIX H. 
 
 No. 36. 
 By the Quene} 
 
 Trustie and welbeloved we grete you well. It is not 
 long sithence we wrote vnto you a Ire in the behalf of 
 S"" Peter Carew, touching a sute of his to be discharged of 
 Cesse in his Baronye of OdroBj with the which we also 
 sent you certain orders vpon that matter, deliberated by 
 our Counsell here, and by them subscribed, to thend that 
 the same shoulde be considered of by you and our Counsell 
 there, and so to be decreed as should be most indifferent 
 and convenyent for our service, ffor the endinge and per- 
 fectinge of which cause, and also for the better ymploy- 
 inge and settinge of his landes that he hath alredie 
 recouered to his best comoditie, he hath byn a verie ernest 
 sutor vnto vs for our licence to come ouer into that 
 Realme for the foUowinge of his said cause, and albeyt we 
 conceve so well of hym for sundrie respectes as we be lothe 
 to denye hym anie thinge resonable that may tourne to 
 his comoditie or advantage, yet, vppon consideracions of 
 our service otherwaies, we have thought yt more mete to 
 staye hym here for a tyme. But yet with suche favorable 
 meaninge towardes hym in his said baronye as we wishe 
 and so require you that his absence maye be supplied 
 accordinge to equitie by your carefuU aydinge and 
 asistinge of suche as he shall send ouer and put in truste 
 aboute the same, wherein we heare not yet what order 
 you have agreed vppon. Our meaninge is that with as 
 good expedicion as you maye you shall suhstanciallie con- 
 sider thereof with our Counsell in that Realme, and 
 whether you shall agree vppon anye of those orders sent 
 
 ' State Paper OfSce. Irish Cor. 
 
APPENDIX H. 285 
 
 from hence, or shall devise anye other that shalbe more 
 indifferent, whatsoeuer shalbe in that sorte best liked of, 
 wee require you that it maye be soo decreed and the same 
 to be delyvared vnto suche as S' Peter Carew shall send 
 ouer, confirmed vnder our great scale of that Kealme to 
 be established in perpetuite, that therevppon his substi- 
 tutes maye bergaine with his tenauntes, in eertentie, 
 accordinge to that decree. And where by his absence 
 from thence jt is borne him in hand that his tenauntes in 
 his Baronye of Odron wilbe the more vnwillinge to take 
 anye estates of suche as he shall send ouer for that pur- 
 pose, you shall cause yt to be signified amongst them that 
 his stale from thence hath byn by our commaundement 
 for some respectes of service, and that you be willed from 
 vs bothe to asiste his said Ofiicers & otherwise to have care 
 to see his tenauntes to be well vsed, to enioye their 
 estates, & to be defended in their rightfull causes. And 
 these our Ires shalbe vnto you and our chancelors there, 
 sufficient warrant and discharge in this behalf. Geven 
 vnder our signet at our Manour of Grenewiche the xiiij*'' 
 of March 1572, in the xv*'' yere of our Reign. 
 
 Indorsed, 
 Sir P Carew M. in March 
 
 1572. 
 To the L. Deputy in Ireland, 
 
 in favc of S' Petre Ca- 
 
 rewes sute there. 
 
 2 D 2 
 
286 APPENDIX H. 
 
 No. 27. 
 
 The Earl of Essex to the Privy Council} 
 
 It maie please your Lordeshippes, whereas my verie 
 good freend, S'^ Peter Carewe tooke a painefull Journeywith 
 me into theis partes, and heare hathe chargeablie con- 
 tynued, bothe in maintenaunce of men and hospitalitie, 
 and executed the oflSce of Marshall since his comynge, 
 I have nowe at length perswaded him to repaire into the 
 englishe pale for two causes, the one for his infirmitie, 
 havinge greate paine in one of his legges, nor like to be 
 recouered heere in this cold countrey, where also the 
 office which he executed is more painefull then is meete 
 for his yeares ; the other for that I vnderstoode by suche 
 gentlemen as repaired vnto me out of the palCj that his 
 landes in Idrone were greatlie wastid, partlie by the 
 O'mores which border -vppon it, But chieflie by the con- 
 tencionsof the constables of laungham and Caterloughe, 
 for whose private quarells the tennauntes are greatUe 
 oppressed, and because some of the Cavenaighins wrote 
 hither for his repaire into theis partes I consented the 
 rather thervnto for the other respectes ; Neverthelesse he 
 hathe made me firme promes that he will not passe those 
 boundes, nor deale with his Mounster titells vnlesse 
 it be by Composicion. And yet it seemethe by suche as 
 haue bene dooers in the Searche of recordes here that his 
 auncestors haue bene possessed of great thinges in those 
 partes, whose titells he claymithe by due dissent of 
 inheritaunce. Yf it might please your lis. to woorke 
 
 ' state Paper Office. Irish Correspondence. 
 
APPENDIX H. 287 
 
 hereafter that he may make some profiBtt by exchange or 
 otherwise, it were a heneffit well emploied vppon a ser- 
 vaunt of so longe contynuaunce, and a gentleman of so 
 good desearteSj in whose roome I haue appointed WUliam 
 Morgan of penycoid, whome I finde verie able for the 
 place, and of boddie and mynde verie apt for the warres ; 
 and so recommendinge them bothe to your lordeshippes 
 good favors I take my leave. At Knockefergus this 
 second of November 1573. 
 
 At yonr L. Comaundm* 
 
 W. Essex. 
 
 No. 28. 
 Mr. Edmund Tremayne to Lord Burleigh} 
 
 After my bounden duetie most humblie remembred 
 vnto your good L. Receiving this inclosed letter from 
 S"^ P. Carewe, whils this messenger was with me, I haue 
 thought it verie mete to send the same to your L. by 
 him, to thentent your L. mought vnderstand the state of 
 that countrey by the report of him whom you knowe to 
 be of good iudgement. And therevppon, according to 
 your good disposicon in such cases, to procure such 
 redresse as male be given with good oportunitie. 
 
 Wisshinge S"^ Petre's well doing in all thinges (as for 
 sundrie respectes I haue good cause) I advised him to 
 excuse himself to M' Secretarie, who in speche to miself 
 vttered his misliking conceived of him as thaucthor to 
 persuade therle of Essex to incroche vppon his confines 
 of the Ardes. Likewise I did persuade him to be an 
 
 ' state Paper Office. Irish Correspondence. 
 
288 APPENDIX H. 
 
 instrument to holde good suritie betwixt the L. Deputie 
 and therle, not with (out) some occasion gathered by me 
 of such as came over in to this realme instrumentes for 
 therle, vpon which parte of my writing your L. maie per- 
 ceive what answere he maketh. 
 
 This countrey bringeth not forth any other matter 
 fitte for your L., and, therefore, I will not longer trouble 
 you. But moste humblie desiring that I maie aU waies 
 depend vppon your favour, and by your L. good meanes 
 to be setled with hir Ma*^^ good favour to Hue in this my 
 native countrey, I praie God to prosper you according to 
 your heartes desire, firom my poore house at Colocumb 
 the vjt'' of March 1573. 
 
 Yo"" L. most bounden at 
 
 Comaundement 
 
 E. Tremayne. 
 
 To the right honorable my verie 
 speciall good L., the L. Thre^ 
 of England. 
 
 No. 29. 
 Sir Peter Carew to Mr Edmund Tremayne? 
 
 My good Cossen. I have receved your seuerall letters, the 
 one of the vij*'' of November and the other of the xxviij"» 
 of December, for the which, as also for your good aduer- 
 
 ' Mr. Edmund Tremayne, Clerk of the Council, 2nd son of Thomas 
 Tremayne, of CoUacombe, Co. Devon. He married Ulalia, daughter of 
 Sir John St. Leger, of Annery, and widow of Tristram Arscot. See note 3, 
 p. 55 ; see also note 1, p. 180, and note 3, p. 204. 
 
 ' State Paper Office. Irish Corrospondoncc. 
 
APPENDIX H. 289 
 
 tisements therein, I give you moste hartie thanckes ; and 
 I beinge one whoe beholdinge the miserable estate of 
 this CTinterie, which is like more and more to fall vnto 
 niyn withoute some spedie redresse, doo lament yt verie 
 muche, and for that yt shoulde not seme tedious vnto you 
 I have made a brefetie thereof. 
 
 No countie with in this Realme but is greatlie wasted, 
 and also in the Inglishe pale, nor but verie few subjectes 
 stand assured of anye thinge they presentlie enioye, nor the 
 poore husbandmen able to receve the frutes of their travell. 
 
 And as for Mounstix, whereas S"^ John Parrot left yt 
 in better case then yt hath byn in longe tyme before by 
 the meanes of mynisteringe the sworde and Justice, the 
 onelie waye to redresse this Realme, but since his depar- 
 ture therle of Desmond ' and his followers hath begon to 
 make a new chainge, and surelie the matters were pre- 
 tended before hand, as by the causes before his comynge 
 into that cunterie, at his comynge, and since his beinge 
 there, shoulde appeare. 
 
 James ffitzmorris, before his " breakinge of prison, and 
 
 ' The Earl of Desmond and his brother John, after a captivity of six 
 years in England, were permitted to return to Ireland. John was allowed 
 to proceed at once to Munster, but the Earl was detained in Dublin ; and 
 having promised upon his oath to be faithful to her Majesty, was, by the 
 Lord Deputy, put under the charge of the Mayor of Dublin, who was 
 ordered to provide him with good accommodation, and to permit him to go 
 about, upon his parole, to return at noon and night. Desmond, however, 
 broke his engagement, and on St. Patrick's day escaped into his own 
 country. He was soon surrounded by a large body of his followers, and 
 not long afterwards commenced an attack upon the English, who were soon 
 expelled from Munster. Kenry, a barony in the north of the County of 
 Limerick, vrith its Castles of Ballymartyr (now called Castlemartyr and 
 Castlemain), fell into his hands. In the following year, however, he was 
 obliged to make his submission, and voluntarily surrendered those places, 
 together with Dungarvon, unto the Queen. 
 ^ The Earl of Desmond's. 
 
290 APPENDIX H. 
 
 since the departure of the L. president^ went into Con- 
 worthe' (sic) and made frendship with therle of Clanry- 
 eardes sonnes which were in controversie. 
 
 He hath sent his sonne with one David Wolf,^ an 
 arrant traitor, into Spaine to practise his olde devises. 
 
 John of Desmond hath hyn in Conworthe {sic) in like 
 case, and talked with dyvers of the nobUitie there, and 
 also in Mounstir. 
 
 The Seneshall of Imokellie, one of his folloers, even 
 vppon his comynge hath taken a castle of the Quenes 
 called Ballymarter, in the charge of Mr, Barkley.' 
 
 Therles servauntes hath taken certaine castles which 
 M'' Bowser'' had in charge, also now vppon Christmas even 
 last he hath taken Castle Mange/ vnder M"" Harbert. 
 
 All those persons before named he not onelie ymbraces 
 at this presente, but also whereas M"". Garalt, as you knowe, 
 was sent ouer by commyssion, whoe, with M"^. Davells and 
 
 ' Coniianght. 
 
 ' Sir Davy Wolf (a priest, not a knight), of whom it is stated in a letter in 
 the State Paper Office, indorsed, as having been received on the 13th October, 
 15V2: "He that foreswore himself and fled from Dublin, is gone to Spain, 
 and carried the son of James Fitzmauriee with him, accompanied by Sir 
 Rice Corbally." 
 
 ' Captain Edward Barkly arrived in Ireland with 200 footmen from 
 Somersetshire, to serve under Essex, in September, 1573. He was blamed 
 by Sir John Perrot for the loss of Ballymartyr. We find him Constable of 
 Askeaton in 1587. It is questionable whether Barkly was not an assumed 
 name. In one of his letters in the State Paper Office, dated 14th May, 
 1574, Burghley has written over his signature " Francis Brokhowse." 
 
 * Sir George Bouchier, second son of the Earl of Bath. He was an 
 active and distinguished officer. We find that the Earl of Desmond, in 
 March, 1573-4, was required to deliver up Ballymartyr and other castles to 
 him. In the following year he was a prisoner with the Earl. He was 
 knighted by Sir WiUiam Drury not long before liis death. In 1580 he 
 was left Colonel of Munster, and in 1585 the government of Maryborough 
 was divided between him and Sir Warham St. Leger. 
 
 ' Castlcmain. 
 
APPENDIX H. 291 
 
 others, went to parle with hym, and beinge within xij 
 myles of them requested that defferringe of tyme might be 
 had till the last of Januarie, vntill suche tyme as he had 
 talked with therle of Clanrycarde, aswell for the which 
 causes, as the causes aforesaid, and now, lastlie, these 
 presumpcions, as I am enformed, he hath sent his mes- 
 sengers abroade to Turlalynno,' the Connors, huicke Mc 
 Shane,'' Rorehoge Omore,' and other outlawes to stand 
 firme. I doo beleve, therfore, whatsoeuer shalbe sent 
 ouer, yf hir Ma*i« doo not prevent yt with spede yt will 
 grow to some mischief. 
 
 Conworthe (sic) stands in as yll termes as yt did, and 
 rather worse. Therle of Clanrycarde hym self beinge 
 altogether wickedlie bent, for his men hath not onely 
 taken a praie from Galwaye, but, he hym self, hath 
 stayed the come which should have come to the use of 
 the towne, by which meanes the people are in great per- 
 plexitie, and he not onelie contynuallie kepes these male- 
 factors aboute hym, beinge his owne servauntes, but also, 
 
 1 Tyrlogh Lynogh O'Neill. 
 
 ^ Hugh M'Shane O'Birne, of the sept of Eanalogh. Sir George Oarew 
 in a note on the MS. Pedigree in the Lamheth Library, (vol. 635, fol. 18.) 
 says: "Of all the septs of the' Obirnes, this sept of the Ranaloghe is the 
 worst and basest, but of late years they haue bene of gi'eatest power, and 
 evermore in rebellion." 
 
 ' Rory Oge O'More, the son of Eory Ca«eh, son of Connel O'More. 
 Eory Caech submitted himself to King Henry VIII., and surrendered his 
 lands, receiving them back again, as appears by his indenture of covenant, 
 dated 14th August, Anno 34th Henry VIII. Eory Oge married a daughter 
 of Hugh McShane, of the Eanalogh. He was billed in rebellion in 15V9, 
 by Brian Oge, son of Brian MoGilpatrick. The " Four Masters" say that 
 this Eory was the head of the plunderers and insurgents of the men of 
 Ireland in his time, and for a long time after his death no one was desirous 
 to discharge one shot against the soldiers of the Crown." (vol. v., p. 1707.) 
 His son Owen McRory was slain in rebellion in 1600. 
 
293 APPENDIX H. 
 
 where one of his men did slaye one of the townsmen he 
 since hath maryed his wife. 
 
 The Countie of Dublin is not onelie robbed and spoiled 
 by huick McShanes sonnes and folloers, but also by cer- 
 taine of the Clandonells gaUiglasse, even to the verie gates 
 of Dublin. 
 
 Therle of Kildare hath taken vppon hym to banyshe all 
 the kerne oute of Offalia, and hath ^ kerne in paye to 
 accomplishe the same, and the rather^ as yt is thought^ 
 hopinge to have the fforte there in his owne custodium, 
 which, if he possesse, therle of Ormond, the next yere, will 
 give the like enterprise for Lease and the fforte there ; then 
 judge you how those counteries wilbe gouerned when no 
 Inglishman is amongest them, yet, neuertheles, Earles be 
 daungerous men to be delt with here, therefore I praie 
 kepe yt to your self, but yf the noblemen of this Cunterie 
 wolde put to their assistinge handes, yt wolde not be as yt 
 is now, nor the Queues Ma*'^ at such charges. 
 
 Therle of Essex is now lyinge vppon the borders of his 
 gouernement at Tredaff for that the same might be well 
 ordered, some plage hath happened amongest his men at 
 Knockfergus, whereof I am right sorrie. S'' Bryan,' by 
 
 ' Sir Brian, the son of Felim Baccagh O'Neil, Lord of Clannaboy. Ho 
 was a man of great power, and is reported to have possessed 30,000 cows, 
 besides other cattle. (Cox, vol. i., p. 341.) On the first arrival of the Earl 
 of Essex, Sir Brian received him courteously, aud tendered his duty to the 
 Queen and service to Essex. Upon discovering, however, that the Earl had 
 received a grant of his patrimonial possession, as was natural, he became 
 disaffected, but, in the year 1574, peace was restored, wliich was to be cele- 
 brated by a solemn feast to be given by Sir Brian to the Earl and his 
 followers. Three days and nights were passed in carousal, at the end of 
 which time Essex caused Brian, his brother, and his wife, to be treacherously 
 seized, and all Brian's people, without regard to age or sex, unsparingly put 
 
APPENDIX H. 293 
 
 this tyme, is come in with all his Create ; Odonell ' and 
 Conodonell ^ stand fyrme, and have offered that whensoever 
 his L. will put hym self to the felde they will com to the 
 handes side. 
 
 And now lastlie Tirlalynno hath desired peace till suche 
 
 to the sword in his own presence. Brian was afterwards sent to Dublin, 
 together with his wife and brother, where they were cut into quarters. 
 Atrocity like this, and that mentioned in note 3, p. 230, could not fail to 
 excite the abhorrence of all the Irish people. Sir Brian married, first, a 
 daughter of Sir Arthur Magennis, Viscount Iveagh ; and, secondly, Anne 
 daughter of Brian Carragh O'Neill, and was succeeded by his eldest son 
 John, who died in 1619. This John was the common ancestor of the Vis- 
 count O'Neill, in whom the elder branch of the family became extinct in 
 1855, and Mr. Hugh O'Neill, a respectable farmer of Ballymoney, in the 
 County of Down, who, according to Dr. O'Donovan, is the present repre- 
 sentative of Sir Brien McFelim and of all the Kinnel-Owen. 
 
 ' Sir Hi:gh O'Donnell, son of Manus, Lord of Tirconnell, by Joan, his 
 2nd wife, sister of Con O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, succeeded his brother 
 Calvagh as Lord of Tirconnell in 1566. He was knighted by Sir Henry 
 Sydney at BaUyloughry in 1567. Becoming old and feeble, he resigned the 
 Chieftainship to Hugh Roe, his son. The "Four Masters'' describe binn as a 
 valiant and warlike man, and victorious in his fights and battles, both before 
 and during his Chieftainship, and as being the preyer and plunderer of the 
 territories, both far and neai, that were bound to obey him, asserting the 
 right of his tribe from them until he made them obedient unto him. 
 (Vol. vi., p. 2219.) Sir Hugh O'Donnell died on 7th December, 1600, and 
 was buried in the monastery of St. Francis in Donegal. 
 
 ^ Con O'Donnell, son of Calvagh, son of Manns. On the death of his 
 father he was deprived of the Chieftainship by his uncle, Sir Hugh, 
 Consequently a feud always existed between them. Con married a daughter 
 of Turlogh Lynogh O'Neill, and died 1583. He is described as an accom- 
 plished and truly hospitable man, sedate and aflEable, and the supporting 
 pillar of the literati and kerns ; a man who spent much of his wealth in the 
 purchase of poems and panegyrics j so that after his death Tirconnell might 
 have been likened to a harp without ceis (base string), to a ship without a 
 pilot, or to a field without shelter. 
 
294 APPENDIX H. 
 
 tyme as his messenger maye goo to the Quenes Ma*'« and 
 returne againe. 
 
 I am of this opynnyon that yff his L. hath not taken 
 this noble enterprise in hand for the subduynge of that 
 state, which withoute anye doubte, by godes helpe, is like 
 to come to good passe and prosperous successe, this 
 realme had byn in worser state then yt is at this presente, 
 for trulye that hath byn the onelye staye ; my L. deputy 
 hath, as well as he may for want of forces, salved vp all 
 those matters, which is all together but patched wares, 
 and onles hir Ma*'^ doo send some spedie redresse Judge 
 you the certantie of this estate. 
 
 ffor my owne Cunterie, by the meanes of M"^ Davells 
 with suche forces as he kept vppon yt, I found yt, althought 
 not so well as I wolde wishe yet amongest a great manye 
 yU the quietest, and the people to lyve orderlie. At my 
 firste comynge pledges was put in to me of euerie sept for 
 the quietinge thereof, and now coUaterall bandes of certain 
 freeholders that no damage nor hurte shalbe done therein. 
 I am now about to sett yt & doo not doubte but to make 
 a verie good rent thereof. 
 
 I understand by your last letter that M"^ Smyth ' hath 
 great jelowsie of me, the like opynnyon he had at my 
 beinge in England, but truHe withoute cause, for I have 
 aUwayes, to my vttermost, furthered his causes to his best 
 profit, as muche as the others, yet he maye thincke of me 
 as he pleases ; for the other cause betwene the L. deputie 
 and my Lo. of Essex yt is altogether but brutes, & 
 nothinge so apparant. Thus, beinge right glad to heare 
 of the good recouerie of my L. Threasurer, desiringe you 
 to pleasure M"' Davells in anye thinge you maye, whoe 
 
 ' Sir Thomas Smith, Secretary of State. 
 
APPENDIX H. 295 
 
 nowe is cominge cver^ with my right hartie commenda- 
 cions, I end. from Dublin this vj*"" of fFebruarie 1573. 
 
 Yours assuredlie 
 
 P Carew 
 
 To the right worshipffull 
 and my verie lovinge 
 Cossen iW . Edmund Tre- 
 mayne, one of the Clarkes 
 of the Quenes Ma^ 
 privie Counsell, at the 
 Courte. 
 
 No. 30. 
 The Queen to Sir Peter Carew} 
 Trusty & welbeloved we grate you well. Consideryng 
 the great zeale and noble courage of our Cowsyn therle of 
 Essex towards our service and the reducyng of the pro- 
 vynce of Ulste? to dew obedience and good order, We 
 fyend no greater lack then of such a freend and assistant 
 vnto hym as you arCj both for your experience, wisdom, 
 and courage, & for the good will which he hath allwaie 
 bore to you and you to hym ; Of whose good Cownsell 
 and advice our said Cowsyn should not onely at all tymes 
 receive great comfort, as of a very trew & deare freend 
 vnto him. But also aide and assistaunce when occasion or 
 nede shall require it ; which many tymes doth fortune in 
 dowtefull times of warres & martiall attempts : And, 
 therefore, our will and pleasure is that both for our said 
 Cowsyns aide and comfort, & for the fortheraunce of our 
 service, you do make your repaire to hym with as conve- 
 
 ' state Paper Office, Irish Correspondence. 
 
296 APPENDIX H. 
 
 nyent speed as you may. ffor the easyng of your charges 
 our Cownsell hath thought mete that yow shall have the 
 name & enterteynement of his lieutenant, with xx horse- 
 men in pay, & ferther the charge of either horsmen or 
 fotemen. 
 
 Indorsed, 
 xij Ap : 1575. M. To Sf Peter 
 Carew, Knight, entred. 
 
 No. 31. 
 to Lord Deputy Sydney} 
 
 After my verie harty comendacions vnto your good L. 
 We haue here bad newes, to the great greif of many, of the 
 death of good S'' Peter Carewe, a gent, in the opinion of 
 all men of such rare vertue and singuler good partes as is 
 seldom to be founde in these our dales; our losse is 
 thereby the greter, but he in better state then we can 
 wishe him. Vppon these newes verie erneste suite hath 
 bene made here for the establishinge & maynteyninge of 
 his couseri Peter, (whome he hathe made his heire to his 
 landes in that Realme) in the Baronye of Hidron, and for 
 so muche as it is given to vnderstand that the same shall 
 hardlie be kepte vnless he haue also her Ma*^^ Castle of 
 Langhelyn in kepinge, as S'' Peter had, the saide suit 
 tendethe to make meanes to your L. (in whome the dispo- 
 sicion of the same is) that he may haue the grante thereof, 
 & be placed there accordinglie. Your L. favor to that 
 good name hathe allwaies bene noted, and S' Peter, in 
 that suite, did finde the fruites thereof to his great benefitt 
 & comfort, and so is the same acknowledged by his nerest 
 
 ' State Papi'i- Office. Irish Cor. 
 
APPENDIX H. 297 
 
 frendes, and therevppon the greater hope is conceaved that 
 ydur L. will maynteiiie in his succession the same favor 
 & goodness. And for so muche as I have lerned that the 
 vppholdinge of a trustie and trewe Englisheman in those 
 partes shall stand muche to thadvancement of her Ma**^^ 
 service, as well in repressing of the Irisherye as for other 
 good purposes better knowne to you then to me, I am 
 moved, emonge the reste of the frendes to that name, 
 (that in so many ages are witnessed to have bene good 
 servauntes to this Crowne) to be an intercessor vnto your 
 L. that it may like you to show him so muche favor as you 
 may, as well by placLage of him as aforesaid as by aidinge 
 and assistinge him with suche persons of advice and 
 Counsell in the practises of the Realme as are most 
 metest to hold him in his strength for the keping of him 
 iu his inheritance, and therewithal! to hold that Cuntrey 
 in good obedience, to the furtherance of her Ma*^^ ser- 
 vice. And as your L. hereby shall show good alllowance 
 of the title adiudged by you and her Ma*«^ Counsell of 
 that Realme, so shall you deserve for ever the love and 
 good wiU of all that kynredd. And whatsoeuer you shall 
 do for my sake, & for the intercession of other of his 
 frendes, you shall finde vs readie to requite you with any 
 pleasure we can show you. And so I bidd your good L. 
 right hartelie ffarewell. firom Windesor the ix*'' of 
 December 1575. 
 
 Indorsed, 
 1575. 
 To the L. Deputie to establish 
 and maynteine in the Baronie 
 of Hydrone, w''' S'' Peter 
 Carewe had, his nephewe Peter 
 Car ewe. 
 
APPENDIX I. 
 
 The annexed Pedigree of the Carew fanuly, to which reference is made in 
 the note on page 1, together with the notes, so [far as printed in 
 Roman characters, is transcribed from Lamb. MSS. 635, fol. 42 ; and it 
 agrees, exactly, with that recorded in 'the Herald's College (C 1, 26). 
 Further investigation, however, since the note referred to was printed, has 
 shewn that the first fom: generations, as recorded, cannot be sustained ; for 
 it is clearly proved by the Charter Roll of the 14th of King John, confirm- 
 ing tcf William de Carrio the grant of the Manor of Mulesford made to his 
 ancestor by King Henry I., that the Oarews are descended, not from Adam 
 de Montgomery, but from' Walter de Windsor. 
 
 This Charter may^be thus translated: John, by the Grace of God, 
 King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Normandy, to the Arch- 
 bishops, Bishops, Abbots, Barons, Justices, &c., &c.. Health. Know ye 
 that we have given, and by this our Charter have confirmed to William de 
 Carrio, the Manor of Mulesford with its appurtenances, which King Henry, 
 the grandfather of King Henry our father, gave to Gerald Fitz Walter, 
 the grandfather of Odo, the father of the aforesaid William de Carrio, To 
 hold to the said William and his heirs," from us and our heirs, by the ser- 
 vice of one Knight. Wherefore we wUl and command that the said William 
 and his Jieirs, do have and do hold of us" and our heirs, the Manor of Mules- 
 ford aforesaid, with all its appurtenances, well and in peace, freely, in 
 quiet, and wholly, as is aforesaid. Witnesses : William de Gray, our Chan- 
 cellor ; S. Earl of Winton j'William Briwer ;'',William de Cantelupe, our 
 Seneschal; William, Archdeacon of Huntingdon. '^ Given by the hands of 
 Master Richard de Marisco, Archdeacon of _Northumberlaud,^atJWest- 
 minster, the 25th day of May, in the 14th year of our reign.*, . This Charter 
 establishes in a most remarkable manner the five first descents of this 
 family, and confirms, in this particular, a MS. pedigree in the possession of 
 Mr. Pole Carew, of Antony, drawn up by Anstis, Garter King-at-Arms. 
 This latter pedigree overthrows the alleged marriage with a daughter of 
 Fitz Stephen, and deduces the descent of the Mnnster lauds from Raymond 
 De Carrio, uncle of William the above-named grantee of Mulesford, whom 
 Robert Fitz Stephen, his uncle, made his heir. This descent is shewn in the 
 Pedigree No. 2. The remainder of the Pedigree, in italics, has been com- 
 piled from several other MS. Pedigrees, and is, we believe, correct. 
 
 * King John also confirmed to William de Carrio his house of Carrio, 
 with the lauds which he had on the day on which the King last came to Pem- 
 broke (in May or June, 1210) to go into Ireland. See Patent Rolls, 14th 
 John, 1212. 
 
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INDEX. 
 
 Agarde, Francis, 272 ; account of 
 him, 274 n.j 279. 
 
 Agria, xx. 
 
 Aguadello, battle of, iv. 
 
 Algiers, xx. 
 
 Alley, William, Bishop of Exeter, 
 1560-70, 111, 204. 
 
 Almn, 18 ; account of, 18 n. ; found 
 in England, 18 n. 
 
 Andover, 179. 
 
 Andreas, Peter de, 131 n. 
 
 Andrews, St., the Prior of, see 
 Stuart. 
 
 Anglefountayne, xxxi. 
 
 Anne of Cleves, Queen of Henry VIII, 
 15. 
 
 Anne, dan. of Vladialaus VII, King 
 of Hungary and Bohemia, mar- 
 ried, 1521, Ferdinand, who, in her 
 right, became King of those 
 realms, 1527, on the death of her 
 brother Lewis, xvii. 
 
 Annebault, Claude d'. Governor of 
 Normandy, Marshal of France, 
 1538-52; Admiral, 1543-52; Go- 
 vernor of Piedmont, 1541; died, 
 1552, xliv. 
 
 Antwerp, 63, 64, 65 n. 
 
 Archer, William, SoufEcain of Kil- 
 kenny, 236. 
 
 Ardes, a district on the coast of Down, 
 
 cxiv, 287. 
 Ardrea, xxvii, 127. 
 Armagh, Church burnt, xci. 
 Arran, Earl of, see Hamilton. 
 Arundel, Earl of, see Fitzalan. 
 Arundel, 137. 
 Arundel, Humphrey, Ivii. 
 Athenry, a town in Connaught ; its 
 
 condition, xcix, cvi, 214 n. 
 Athlone, ex. 
 
 Aumale, d', see Gviise. 
 
 Avalos, Alphonsus d'. Marquis de 
 
 Guasto, married Mary of Arra- 
 
 gon, XX. 
 Avannes, xxxii. 
 Ayloffe, Sir Joseph, 135. 
 
 Bagenal, Dudley ; account of him, 
 
 255 n. 
 Bagenal, Sir Nicholas, 255 u. 
 Ballymaclethan, see Mastou. 
 Ballymarter Castle, cix, 290. 
 Baltinglass, Viscount, see Eustace. 
 Barbarossa, Haradin, Turkish naval 
 
 officer, XX. 
 Barkley, Captain Edward, 290; ac- 
 count of him, 290 n. 
 Barnewell, Sir Christopher, cv. 
 Baron, John, 151. 
 Barrow, Biver, 86. 
 Barry, John, 253 n. 
 Barry, David, second son of the Vis- 
 count Barrymore, called the Lord 
 Barry-oge, 96, 101. 
 Barry-oge, the Lord, see Barry. 
 Barrymore, Viscount, see Barry. 
 Barry, James Fitz John, Viscount 
 Barrymore, 103 ; account of him, 
 103 n. ; 104. 
 Bassenet, Captain, 92. 
 Bassett, James, 57 ; account of him, 
 
 57 n. 
 Beaulieu Abbey burnt, xxix. 
 Beaton, James, Cardinal, xxii, xxiv, 
 
 XXV, xxvi, xxvii. 
 Bellingham, Sir Edward, 200 n. 
 Berwick, xxiii, xlviii. 
 Bettune, xxx, 123, 127. 
 Bickley, 167. 
 
 Biez, M. de, xlii, xliii, xlvi, 
 Blackdown, Devon, 52. 
 
 2 E 2 
 
302 . 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Blackealler, John, 153; account of 
 him, 153 n. ; 159, 160. 
 
 Black Raghe, 86. 
 
 Blaxton, — , suh-Dean of Exeter, 163, 
 164. 
 
 Bluett, Su- Roger, 155 ; account of 
 him, 155 n ; 162, 166, 167. 
 
 Bodmin, Ix, 128. 
 
 Body, Mr. a Commissioner for pulling 
 down images in Churches, killed, 
 Ivi. 
 
 Bohain, xxxii. 
 
 Boleyn, Anne, Queen of Henry. VIII, 
 Ixxxii. 
 
 Bolton Hill, 86. 
 
 Bonivet, see Gouffier. 
 
 Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London, 
 163 ; account of him, 163 n. 
 
 Bouchier, Sir George, 290; account 
 of him, 290 n. 
 
 Boughty Castle, in Scotland, 1. 
 
 Boulogne, xl, xli, xliii, xlv, xlvi, xlvii, 
 btvi, 25, 26, 29. 
 
 Bourbon, Charles de. Constable of 
 Prance, x, xi, xiii, xiv, xt. 
 
 Bourbon, Francis de, 3rd son of 
 Charles, Duke of Vendfime, Count 
 d'Enghien, killed, 1546, xxi. 
 
 Bouzies, xxxi. 
 
 Bowes, Sir Robert, Captain of Nor- 
 ham, 15 - — ; one of the Council of 
 the North, 1525 ; Treasurer of the 
 wars and of the army in Flanders, 
 1543 ; Master of Bequests, 1544 ; 
 Warder of the Middle Marches, 
 1 545 ; xxii. 
 
 Boyer, Nicholas, Mayor of Bodmin, 
 hanged, Ix. 
 
 Brabazon, Sir Edward, eldest son of 
 Sir William Brabazon, several 
 times Lord Justice of Ireland, by 
 Elizabeth, dau. and co-heiress of 
 Nicholas Clifford, of Holmes. At 
 his father's death in 1553, he was 
 only three years old. He was 
 created Baron Brabazon of Ardee 
 in 1615, and died 1625, 258. 
 
 Brady, Hugh, Bishop of Meatli, 272; 
 
 account of him, 273 n. ; 279. 
 Brandon, Charles Puke of Suffolk, 
 il, 25 ; some account of him, 25 n; 
 26, 27. 
 
 Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk, 
 his letters, 129, 130, 131. 
 
 Brebon laws, xoiv. 
 
 Bressau, v. 
 
 Brett, , Ixxiv. 
 
 Bristol, 105. 
 
 Brown, , 178. 
 
 Brunswick, Ouke of, see Philip I. 
 
 Brussels, 62, 63, 183. 
 
 Buckingham, Duke of, see Stafford. 
 
 Buckler, , l72. 
 
 Buda, xvii, xix, 16, 20. 
 
 BuUe, John, 153. 
 
 Burke, Richard, 2nd Earl of Clau- 
 rickarde, 1544-82, xoviii, xcix, 
 290, 291. 
 
 Burke, Ulick, son of Rikard Oge, 
 styled Mac William, upon the death 
 of Ulick Burke, 1st Earl of Clan- 
 riekard, 1544, xcix. 
 
 Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury, 
 38 n. 
 
 Bury St. Edmunds, Ixx. 
 
 Butler, Sir Edmund, brother of 
 Thomas, 10th Eaxl of Ormond, c, 
 cii, cvi, cvii, eviii, 87, 88, 89 ; en- 
 ters into rebellion, 90, 91, 92, 93, 
 94, 95, 214, 216 n., 219, 220, 233, 
 234, 235, 236, 244, 254 n., 267. 
 
 Butler, Sir Edmund, his letters, 223, 
 245 J his submission, 238. 
 
 Butler, Sir Edward, brother of the 
 10th Earl of Ormond, 207, 220, 
 233, 234, 241. 
 
 Butler, Sir Edward, his letter, 232. 
 
 Butler, James, 2nd Barbn of Dun- 
 boyne, 1566-1624, xcvi. 
 
 Butler, James, 9th Earl of Ormond, 
 87 ; account of him, 87 n. 
 
 Butler, Piers, brother of the Earl of 
 Ormond, 221, 234 ; his submis- 
 sion, 238. 
 
 Butler, Thomas, 10th Earl of Or- 
 mond, xciv, xcvi, xcvii, xcviii, c, 
 cix, ex, 87 ; account of him, 87 n. ; 
 93, 95, 214, 216 n., 219, 220, 221, 
 223, 232, 233, 234, 237, 238, 
 241, 259, 292. 
 
 Butler, Thomas, his letters, 214, 219, 
 
 Calais, vi, ix, xxxix, xl, xlii, xliii, Ixxix, 
 Ixxx, 13, 14, 15, 23, 25, 126. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 303 
 
 Calveley, Mr., 24. 
 
 Cambray, (League of, iii) 24, 43. 
 
 Cambridge, Ixxii. 
 
 Campbell, Archibald, 4th Earl of 
 
 Argylc, 1542-58; Justice Principal 
 
 of Scotland, xHx. 
 Campbell, Archibald, 5th Earl of 
 
 Argyle, 1558-75, Ixxxiv. 
 Carafia, John Peter, b. 1475 ; elected 
 
 Pope, under the title of Paul IV, 
 
 1555, Ixxxi. 
 Carew, family of, 1, 77, 197, 198, 
 
 200, 209, 297. 
 Carew, pedigree, 1 n., 298, 299, 
 
 300. 
 Carew, Sir Edmund, Baron of Carew, 
 
 3,66. 
 Carew, Eugenius, married Engharthe, 
 
 dau. of Rhys ap Tudor, Prince of 
 
 South Wales, 1. 
 Carew, Sir Gawen, 32 j account of 
 
 him, 32 n.; knighted, 36; 47, 48, 
 
 53 n., 54, 111, 159, 160, 166, 167, 
 
 178, 179. 
 Carew, Sir Gawen, his letters, 144, 
 
 146. 
 Carew, Lady, {wife of Sir Qamen) 
 
 178 n. 
 Carew, Sir George, xxviii, xxxiii, 22 ; 
 
 account of him, 22 n. ; 24, 25, 31, 
 
 32, 33, 43, 144, 151. 
 Carew, Sir George, his letters, 144, 
 
 146. 
 Carew, Lady, {wife of Sir G-eorge), 
 
 34, 34 n. 
 Carew, Dr. George, Dean of Wiad- 
 
 sor, &c. 254 n. 
 Carew, Sir George, Lord President 
 
 of Munster, Earlof Totnes, 191 n., 
 
 255 n. 
 Carew, John, of Bickley, 166 ; ac- 
 count of him, 166 n.; 167. 
 Carew, John, of Haccomhe, 7, 8, 
 
 9, 10. 
 Carew, Sir Peter, the younger, 191 n., 
 
 296, 297. 
 Carew, Sir Peter, at the siege of 
 
 Pavia, xii, xiii, xviii, 10 ; campaign 
 
 in Flanders, xxix, xl, xlvi, Ixxiii, 
 
 Ixxxviii; claims of, ci, oil, cvi, 74; 
 
 commands a band of horsemen, 
 
 124, 125, 126 ; recovers Barony 
 
 of Odi'one, cvii, cxi, cxii, cxiii, 84 ; 
 attacked by Sir Edmund Butler, 
 cvii ; appointed Constable of Leigh- 
 lin, cviii, 85, 210, 211 ; recalled 
 to England, cxii ; Marshal of the 
 army under the Earl of Essex, 
 cxv, cxvi, 100, 286; Lieutenant- 
 General under Essex, cxvii, 295, 
 296 ; his parentage, 1, 2 ; educa- 
 tion, 3, 4, 5, 6 j coupled to a dog, 
 5 ; page to a French nobleman, 7 ; 
 a groom, 7; at the Court of 
 France, 8, 9; joins the Impe- 
 rialists, 10; in the service of 
 the Prince of Orange, 10; re- 
 turns to England, 11, 12 ; visits 
 his parents, 12, 13 ; returns to 
 Court, 13 ; page to Henry VIII, 
 13; visits the Court of Scotland, 
 14; at the reception of Anne of 
 Cleves, 15 ; visits the Continent, 
 16, 17 ; at Constantinople, 18 ; at 
 Buda, 20 ; at Vienna, 21 ; returns 
 to England, 21 ; courtly exer- 
 cises, 22 ; captain in the expedition 
 to Flanders, 22, 23 ; feat at arms, 
 24, 125, 126; at Landrecy, 25; 
 captain of Hardelow, 26, 27 ; cap- 
 tain of a ship-of-war, 28, 29, 30, 
 32, 35, 36, 37; capture of Tre- 
 port, 136, 137 ; knighted, 36 ; at 
 Court, 38 ; at the Court of France, 
 41, 42, 43, 44; a suitor, 44, 45; 
 marriage, 46 ; retires to Lincoln- 
 shire, 47 ; engaged in suppressing 
 the rebellion in the West, 47, 48, 
 49, 50, 51, 52, 53; receives grants 
 of lands, &c., 53 n.; Sheriff of 
 Devon, 53 n. ; proclaims Qaeen 
 Mary, 54; accused of treason, 54, 
 56, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 151, 
 152, 160, 173, 179; escapes to 
 France, 57, 58, 170, 172, 179; 
 proceeds to Venice, 59 ; design to 
 seize him, 60, 165 ; attempt to as- 
 sassinate him, 61 ; proceeds to 
 Strasburgh, 62; at Antwerp, 63, 
 183 ; seized, 64 ; carried to Eng- 
 land, 65 ; imprisoned in the Tower, 
 66 ; released, 66 ; attends the 
 Court, 67 ; sent to the North, 69; 
 his success, 69 ; returns to Coui-t, 
 
304 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 70; retires to the country, 70; 
 Constable of the Tower, 70 ; com- 
 missioned against pirates, 71, 187 ; 
 investigates his title to lands in 
 Ireland, 72; sends Hooker to Ire- 
 land, 73 ; proceeds to Ireland, 75 ; 
 enters upon the Barony of Odrone, 
 77 ; proceeds to Dublin, 78 ; 
 claims lordship of Maston, 79, 80, 
 81, 82, 197, 208 ; compounds for 
 Maston, 83, 209 ; his life at- 
 tempted, 86 ; feud with Sir Ed- 
 mund Butler, 87, 214, 215, 216, 
 217, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 
 229, 234, 235, 245, 246; a con- 
 spiracy against him, 88, 89 ; com- 
 missioned to proceed against the 
 Butlers, 91 ; captures Cloghgren- 
 nan Castle, 93, 215, 227; defeats 
 the rebels near Kilkemiy, 94, 215 ; 
 his life again attempted, 95 ; his 
 escape, 96; the lords of Munster ad- 
 mit him to be their chief lord, 96 ; 
 returns to England, 97 ; in disfa- 
 Tour with the Queen, 97 ; restored 
 to favour, 97 ; obtains letters in 
 his behalf to the Lord-Deputy and 
 Council, 97 ; joins the Earl of 
 Essex, 100 ; returns to Leighlin, 
 100, 286 ; proceeds to Waterford, 
 101 ; his Munster claims admitted, 
 102, 103, 104 ; his iUness, 105 ; 
 his death, 106, 296, 297; his 
 burial, 107, 108, 109 ; description 
 of his person, 110 ; his character : 
 justice, 111-113; fortitude, 114; 
 valour, 114; prudence, 115; wis- 
 dom, 115 ; skill, 116 ; temper- 
 ance, 116 ; honesty, 117 ; sobriety, 
 118 ; Vice-Admiral of Devon, 137 
 n. ; commissioned against the 
 French, 138-143 ; resists the land- 
 ing of Philip of Spain, 161 ; 
 visited by the Earl of Devon, 1 63 ; 
 design to apprehend him, 164, 
 165; could at any time capture 
 the town of Dartmouth, 171 ; dis- 
 posal of his property, 173 ; inven- 
 tory of it, 173, 174-178; his 
 pardon, 188 ; Queen Ehzabeth's 
 letters to -him against pirates, 187, 
 188; expense of the expedition. 
 
 193 ; his affairs in Ireland, 185, 
 207, 223 ; his garrison at Leigh- 
 lin, 222; his petition and offers, 
 243, 279, 281, 283 ; suit against 
 the Tallons, 260 ; his Munster 
 titles examined, 263 ; appear to 
 be just, 263; to be discovered to 
 those who hold the lands, 263, 
 271; exemplified under the Ex- 
 chequer seal, 271, 278 ; cess of Od- 
 rone, 266, 272, 277, 282, 284 ; the 
 discovery of his title not compa- 
 tible with the safety of the State, 
 271, 272, 274, 275; proposal to 
 give him land in England in lien, 
 275, 278 ; statement of land 
 claimed, 276 ; his losses in Queen 
 Mary's time, 282 ; money spent 
 in prosecuting his suits in Ireland, 
 282; his disappointment, 282; 
 Queen Elizabeth's letter in his 
 favour, 284; his infirmities, 286; 
 description of the state of Ireland, 
 289. 
 
 Carew, Sir Peter, his letters, 144, 145, 
 185, 190, 207, 210, 213, 281, 288. 
 
 Carew, Sir Peter, letters to him, 138, 
 187, 188, 194, 239, 248, 251, 264, 
 269, 295. 
 
 Carew, Lady, wife of Sir Peter, ac- 
 count of her, 44 n. ; 58, 62, 66 ; 
 receives grant of her husband's ef- 
 fects, 178 n. ; permitted to write 
 to her husband, 181 n. ; granted 
 her husband's pardon, 183 ; writes 
 to Hooker, 250; discourteous to 
 Sir Henry Davels, 257. 
 
 Carew, Sir William, father of Sir 
 Peter, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12. 
 
 Carew, Lady, 12. 
 
 Caringdoms, 197, 198. 
 
 Carlow, town of, 86. 
 
 Carlow, or Catherlogh, county of, 
 cvii, 84, 197, 243. 
 
 Carrygleyne, 216 n. 
 
 Castlemain, 290. 
 
 Cashel, xcvii. 
 
 CasteUanny, 233. 
 
 Catherine Par, Queen of Henry VIII, 
 xl, Ixiv. 
 
 Catherine of Arragon, Queen of 
 Henry VIII, Ixxxi, Ixxxii, 38 u. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 305 
 
 Catherlogb, constable of, 286. 
 
 Catherlogh, see Carlovc. 
 
 Captainry abolished, ciii, 220. 
 
 Cawverley, Mr., 126. 
 
 CecU, Sir William, Lord Burgbley, 
 IfTri j Ixxxvii, cxvi, 193 n. ; 195 ; 
 account of him, 195 n. ; 207, 209, 
 210, 212, 214, 219, 287, 288, 294. 
 
 Cbabot, Philip de. Lord Admiral of 
 Prance, 14 ; account of, 14 n. 
 
 Chaloner, John, Secretary of State in 
 
 . Ireland, 272, 279. 
 
 Chaloner, Sir Thomas, 202 ; account 
 of him, 202 n. 
 
 Charles V, King of Spain and Em- 
 peror of Germany, 1516-1566, vii, 
 ix, X, rv, xxii, xxvii, xxviii, xxxii, 
 mnrix, xlvii, Ixxviii, 9, 22, 25. 
 
 Champernon, Sir Arthur, Ixi . n., 54 ; 
 account of him, 54 n. ; 55, 148, 
 149, 160, 168, 169. 
 
 Champernon, John, 16 j his death, 
 21. 
 
 Champernon, Lady Katberine, 16; 
 account of, 16 n. 
 
 Champernon, Sir Philip, 16 ; account 
 of him, 16 n. 
 
 Chantries, account of, Ivi. n. 
 
 Chatelherault, Duke of, see Hamilton. 
 
 Chappell, Mr., 40 n. 
 
 Charde, 166. 
 
 Chave, Eobert, Mayor of Exeter, 204. 
 
 Cheke, Sir John, 63 ; account of him, 
 63 n. ; 65. 
 
 Chelley, Mr., of Calais, 126. 
 
 Cheney, Sir Thomas, 124, 125 j ac- 
 count of him, J.25 n. 
 
 Chichester, Sir John, Ixi n., 156 ; ac- 
 count of him, 156 n.; 157, 160, 163. 
 
 Chidley, in Devon, 156. 
 
 Chidley, Sir Richard, 156 ; account 
 of him, 156 n. 
 
 Christopher, John, of Stoke, 151, 
 179. 
 
 Chyrers, Sir Christopher, 78, 79, 80, 
 82, 83, 196, 208, 209, 213, 257, 
 274. 
 
 Clanaboy, a district of Ulster, xcii, 
 cxiv, cxvi. 
 
 Clancare, Earl of, see Macarthy 
 More. 
 
 Clancartby, Earl of, tee Macarthy 
 
 More. 
 Claurickard, Earl of, see Burke. 
 Clement VII, Pope, see Medici. 
 Cleves, Duke of, see William IV. 
 Clifton Heath, Devon, battle of, lix. 
 CUnton, Edward, 9th Lord, 1517-72; 
 
 Earl of Lincoln, 1572-84 ; Lord- 
 Admiral, 1550; K G. 1551 ; xlvui, 
 
 189 ; account of him, 189 n. 
 Clonmel, xcvii. 
 Clyst, St. Mary, 49. 
 Cloghney, the, a portion of Odrone, 
 
 259. 
 Cloghgrennan Castle, in the Barony 
 
 of Odrone, the residence of Sir 
 
 Edmund Bntler, cviii, 87, 92, 215. 
 Cogan, Miles de, cii. 
 Colet, Dr. John, founder of St. Paul's 
 
 School, accoimt of him, 5 n. 
 Coligny, Gaspard de, bom at Chatil- 
 
 lon-sur-Loing ; made Admiral of 
 
 Prance, 1552 ; Governor of St. 
 
 Quintin, Ixxix. 
 Colclough, Sir Anthony, of Tintern 
 
 253 n., 264; account of him 
 
 265 n. 
 Comerford, Thomas, 231. 
 Comerford, Sir Nicholas, (Priest,) 
 245. Congregation, Lords of, Ixxxiii, 
 
 Ixxxiv, Ixxxv, Ixxxvii. 
 Connaught, Province of, xd, xcv, 
 
 xcviii, 224, 235, 290, 291. 
 Connors, the, 291. 
 Constantinople, 17. 
 Conworth, see Connaught. 
 Cooke, Mr., 46, 47. 
 
 Copleston, , 163. 
 
 Coper, 178. 
 
 Corbet, , a pirate, 191. 
 
 Cordova, Gonsalvo de, iii. 
 
 Cork, County of, xcviii, cii, 197, 198, 
 
 283. 
 Cork, City of, 96, 100, 101, 104, 105, 
 
 216 n. ; 226, 264. 
 Coron, Ixviii. 
 Cosby, Francis, 229; account of him, 
 
 230 n. 
 Courcy, Gerald, Lord, l7th Baron of 
 
 Kinsale, 96, 101 ; account of him, 
 
 101 n. 
 
306 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 C'ourteney, Edward, Earl of Devon, 
 
 152 ; account of him, 152 n. ; 163, 
 
 181. 
 Courteney, Edward, Eai-1 of Devon, 
 
 his letter, 181. 
 Courteney, John, 35, 35 n., 180. 
 Courteney, Sir Piers, 47 ; account of 
 
 him, 47 n. 
 Courteney, Sir William, 35 ; account 
 
 of him, 35 n. 
 Courtney, William, 166. 
 Cowdry House, Sussex, 45 n,, 135. 
 Coyne and Livery, abolished, ciii ; de- 
 scription of, ciii n.; 87, 220, 243. 
 Courte, Thomas, 250, 258. 
 Craig Mullen Castle, xxvii. 
 Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of 
 
 Canterbury, Ixxii, Ixxvii. 
 Cressy, xli. 
 Crediton, 48, 51. 
 Crossegreny, 232. 
 Croy, Adrian de, xxx ; account of 
 
 him, xxx 11. } xxxi, xxxv, 126, 
 
 127. 
 Croy, Philip de, xxxi ; account of 
 
 him, xxxi n. 
 Crumwell, Sir Richard, xxviii, 123 ; 
 account of him, 123 n. ; 124, 125. 
 Cunningham, Alexander, 5th Earl of 
 
 Glencairne, died 1574, Ixxxiii. 
 Cusack, Sir Thomas, 208 ; account of 
 
 him, 208 n. ; 213. 
 
 Danube, Eiver, 20. 
 
 Darcey, Sir Thomas, Lord Darcy of 
 Chiche, Vice Chamberlain and 
 Captain of the Guai'd, Ixviii, 
 
 Dartmouth, xliii, 54, 151, 170, 171, 
 172, 180. 
 
 Davells, Sir Henry, 75 ,- account of 
 him, 75 n.; 76, 84, 94, 105, 194, 
 199, 236, 240, 249, 253 n., 256, 
 257, 261, 265, 290, 294. 
 
 Dean and Edwards, Messrs. 134. 
 
 D'Elbeuf, Marquis of, Ixxxvi. 
 
 Denys, Robert, 179. 
 
 Denys, Sir Thomas, 49 ; account of 
 him, 49 n.; 50, 54, 137, 140, 144, 
 145, 146, 152, 155, 156, 157, 158, 
 159, 160, 161, 164, 169, 178, 180, 
 181. 
 
 Denys, Sir Thomas, his letter, 164, 
 173. 
 
 Desmond, district of, xcviii. 
 
 Desmond, family ofj see Fitz Gerald. 
 
 Desmond, Earl of, see Pitz Gerald. 
 
 Dessie, Sieur de, lii. 
 
 Deveres, Mr., a captain in Flanders, 
 124. 
 
 Devereux, John, Bishop of Ferns, 
 236 ; account of him, 236 n. 
 
 Devereux, Walter, Earl of Essex, 
 cxiv, cxv, cxvi, cxvii, cxviii, 99 ; 
 account of him, 99 n. ; 286, 287, 
 292, 293, 294, 295. 
 
 Devereux, Walter, Earl of Essex, his 
 letter, 286. 
 
 Dieppe, xliii, Ixxxvi. 
 
 DiUon, , 239. 
 
 Dillon, Sir Luke, 272; account of 
 hun, 272 n. j 279. 
 
 Dillon, Sir Robert, 80 ; account of 
 him, 80 n; 81 n., 82 n., 272, 279. 
 
 Dod, John, 260, 266. 
 
 Dorchester, 172. 
 
 Dorset, Marquis of, see Grey. 
 
 Dover, xliii. 
 
 Dowlike, a lordship in Meath, 74. 
 
 Dublin, County of, 292. 
 
 Dublin, xcv, cix, ex, cxi, 73, 74, 77, 
 78, 86, 89, 194, 195, 200, 202, 203, 
 205, 207, 209, 212, 221, 224, 235, 
 251, 260, 264, 269, 272, 279, 292, 
 295. 
 
 Dudley, Lord Ambrose, son of John, 
 Duke of Northumberland, Ixxii. 
 
 Dudley, Lord Gnildford, son of the 
 Duke of Northumberland, be- 
 headed 1553, Ixx, Ixxii, Ixxvi. 
 
 Dudley, John, Duke of Northum- 
 berland, xliii, xlv, xlvi, xlviii, xlix, 
 Ixiii, Ixiv, Ixv, Ixviii, Ixix, bcx, Ixxi, 
 Ixxii, 28 ; accoimt of him, 28 n. ; 
 29, 30, 32, 34, 36, 40, 42, 43, 
 133 n. 
 
 Dudley, John, Duke of Northum- 
 berland, his letters, 129, 130, 131, 
 132, 133, 136, 137. 
 
 Dudley, John, eldest son of John, 
 Dulte of Northumberland, Lord 
 Lisle, Earl of Warwick, Ixvii. 
 
 Dudley, Robert, Earl of Leicester, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 307 
 
 second son of John, Unke of 
 
 Northumberland, Ixviii, exviii. 
 Dulloghe, a district of the Bwony of 
 
 Odrono, 87, 241. 259. 
 Dunboy Castle, 191, 
 Dunboyne, Bai'on of, see Butler. 
 Dnnbarton, li. 
 Dungarvon, 240. 
 Dunglass Castle, 1. 
 Drayeott, Henry, Master of the RoUs 
 
 in Ireland, 74 ; account of him, 
 
 74 n. ; 194, 203. 
 
 Edgecombe, Sir Richoi'il, 164 ; ac- 
 count of him, 164 n. ; 168. 
 
 Edinburgh, xxvii, xlviii, 1, Ixxxiv, 
 Ixxxv, Ixxxvii. 
 
 Edward Yl, King of England, 1547- 
 53, XXV, xUai, liii, Ixiv, Ixvi, 46, 
 53, 60, 111. 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII, 
 Queen of England, 1559-1603, 
 Ixix, Ixx, Ixxvii, Ixxx, Ixxxi, Ixxxii, 
 Ixxxv, Ixxvi, Ixxxvii, 39 n., 67, 72, 
 91, 187, 206, 210, 211, 216, 217, 
 218, 222, 224, 228, 229, 230, 231, 
 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 238, 239, 
 240, 241, 242, 243, 241, 245, 246, 
 256, 259, 261, 262, 268, 269, 270, 
 273, 274, 275, 279, 280, 281, 283, 
 284, 288, 291, 292, 294, 296, 297. 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Hemy VIII, 
 her letters, 187, 188, 246, 284, 
 295. 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Henry II of 
 France, liii. 
 
 Ellis, Sir Henry, 40 n., 133. 
 
 Ely, a district in Ireland, xcvi. 
 
 Enniscorthy plundered, cviii. 
 
 Esk, river in Scotland, xlix. 
 
 Essex, Earl of, see Devereux. 
 
 Eustace, Sir Rowland, 2nd Viscount 
 Baltinglass, Baron Portlester and 
 Kilcullen, married Joan, daughter 
 of James Butler, Lord Dunboyne, 
 cvii, 90 n, 224. 
 
 Exeter, siege of, Ivii, Iviii, lix, 47, 
 48, 49, 50. 
 
 Exeter, cvi, 8, 56, 71, 80, 105, 146, 
 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 
 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 161, 
 165, 169, 171, 173, 179, 180, 207. 
 
 Exniouth, 100. 
 
 Eyemouth Castle, in Scotland, 1. 
 
 Pala, xxiii. 
 
 Farnese, Alexander, born 1468 ; 
 Cai-dinal, 1493 ; Pope Paid III, 
 1634-1549, xLx, xxii. 
 
 Pastcastle in Scotland, 1. 
 
 Ferdinand V, King of Castile and 
 Leon, 1474-1516; of Spain, 1479- 
 1516 ; died 1516, ii, iv, v, vii. 
 
 Ferdinand, second son of the Arch- 
 duke Philip, and Joanna, Princess 
 of Castile and Arragon, b. 1503 ; 
 Archduke of Austria, 1521 ; mar- 
 ried Anne of Bohemia, 1521 ; K.G. 
 1522; King of Bohemia, 1526; 
 King of Hungary, 1527 ; elected 
 King of the Romans, 1531 ; suc- 
 ceeded Charles V as Emperor, 
 1558 ; died, 1564, xvii, xviii, xlx, 
 15, 20. 
 
 Ferns, Bishop of, see Devereux. 
 
 Fethard, xcvii. 
 
 Fiennes, xxix. 
 
 Field of the Cloth of Gold, ix. 
 
 File, 1, Ixxxiv. 
 
 Fitton, Sir Edwai'd, President of 
 Oonnaught, ex. 
 
 Fitzalan, Hem-y, Earl of Ai'undel, 
 Ixvii, 182 ; account of him, 182 n. 
 
 Fitz Gerald, family of, xciii, c, cvii. 
 
 Fitz Gerald, Gerald, Earl of Des- 
 mond, xciii, xciv, xcv, xc\Tii, cxvi. 
 102 ; account of him, 102 n.; 104, 
 289, 289 n. 
 
 Fitz Gerald, Gerald, 11th Earl of 
 Kildare, 1554-1585 ; married Ma- 
 bel, 2nd daughter of Sir Anthony 
 Brown, K.G. 86, 292. 
 
 Fitz Gerald, John Fitz Edmund, Se- 
 neshal of Imokelly, cix, 103 n., 
 266, 290. 
 
 Fitz Gerald, Sir John, xcv, c, 289 n. 
 
 Fitz Garret (or Gerald) Oliver, his 
 wife, 241. 
 
 Fitz Patrick, Barnard Mac Gill Pa- 
 trick, 1st Baron of Upper Ossory, 
 xcvi. 
 
 Fitz Patrick, Sir Barnaby, 2nd Baron 
 of Upper Ossory, 229 ; account of 
 him. 229 n. 
 
308 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Pitzaymons, Thomas, 250, 25*7, 258. 
 
 Fitz Stephen, Robert, cii, 2 n. 
 
 Pitzmaurice, James, son of James, 
 Bishop of Kerry, c, ci, cii, evii, 
 cix, ex, cxi, 98 ; account of him, 
 98 n.; 215, 216 n., 217, 225, 226, 
 241, 266, 270. 
 
 Pitzmaurice, Thomas, son of Ed- 
 mund, Lord of Lixnaw, c, 102 ; 
 account of him, 102 n. 
 
 Pitz Williams, Sir William, Lord- 
 Deputy of Ireland, cxii, 73 ; ac- 
 count of him, 73 n. ; 97, 98, 195, 
 200, 201, 203, 245, 246, 248, 250, 
 251, 253, 254, 255, 256, 261, 262, 
 264, 266, 273, 274, 275, 276, 279, 
 280, 281, 285. 
 
 Pitz Williams, Sir William, his letters, 
 262, 269, 277. 
 
 Pitz Williams, Lady, 251. 
 
 Pitz William, Su- William, Earl of 
 Southampton, 15 j account of him, 
 15 n. 
 
 Plodden, battle of, ix. 
 
 Poix, Gaston de, killed, v. 
 
 Porth, Pirth of, 1, Ixxxvi. 
 
 Poscarinus, Prancisco, 60, 61. 
 
 Preers, , 4, 4 n. 
 
 Pramlingham Castle, Suffolk, Ixxi. 
 
 Prancq, a town in the Boulonnais, 
 xlii. 
 
 Prancis I, King of Prance, 1515- 
 1547, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xiii, xiv, 
 XV, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxvi, xxvii, 
 XXX, xxxiii, xxxiv, xxxv, xxxvi, 
 xxxviii, xxxix, xl, xli, xlv, xlvi, 
 xlvii, li, 9, 10, 13, 14, 22, 25, 28, 
 42, 43. 
 
 Prancis IL eldest son of Henry II, 
 King of Prance, born 1544 ; mar- 
 ried Mary, Queen of Scotland, 
 1558 ; succeeded his father as 
 King of Prance, 1559 ; died 
 1560, H, Ixxxii, Ixxxvii, Ixxxviii, 
 42. 
 
 Frederick, King of Naples, iii. 
 
 Pulford, Sir John, 164 n. 
 
 Pursman, John, 171, 172. 
 
 Gafney, Christopher, Bishop of Os- 
 
 sory, 236 ; account of him, 236 n. 
 
 Gait, William, Sovereign of Cork, 105. 
 
 Gage, Sir John, Ixxvi. 
 
 Galway, the town of, xcviii, xcix, xc, 
 291. 
 
 Garalt, Mr., 290. 
 
 Gashayes, Marquis de, 20. 
 
 Geneva, Ixxxiii. 
 
 Germaine, de Foix, married Ferdi- 
 nand V of Spain, iii. 
 
 Ghislieri, Michael, Cardinal ; Pope 
 Pius V, 1556-72 ; died, 1572, xci, 
 ci, ovii. 
 
 Gibbes, William, 54 ; account of 
 him, 55 n. ; 55} accused of treason, 
 151, 153, 157, 158, 166, 167, 178, 
 179, 180. 
 
 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, cix, ex, 91 ; 
 account of him, 91 n. ; 215, 230, 
 235, 259. 
 
 Glasson Hall, near Dublin, 195. 
 
 Glencairne, Earl of, see Cunningham. 
 
 Glenmalure, 254 n. 
 
 Glovyar, James, 151. 
 
 Godolphin, Sir William, 139 ; account 
 of him, 139 n. ; 140. 
 
 Gonzaga, Ferdinand, Duke of Ariauo, 
 Prince of Malfeta, third son of 
 Prancis II, Marquis of Mantua, 
 Viceroy of Sicily, 1535-43 ; sent 
 to England, 1543; died, 1557, 
 xxxiv. 
 
 Gordon, George, 4th Earl of Huntley, 
 1524-62 ; grandson of the 3rd 
 Earl, Warden of the Marches, 
 1536; Lord Chancellor of Scotland, 
 1546, xxii, xxiii, Iii. 
 
 GouflSer, William, Seigneur de Bon- 
 nivet. Chamberlain and Admiral of 
 France, x. 
 
 Gouse, Richard, 253 n. 
 
 Grace, Sir Oliver, 217, 236 ; account 
 of him, 237 n. 
 
 Gran, or Strigonia, xix. 
 
 Granton, xxvii. 
 
 Gravesend, Ixxiv. 
 
 Graynfyld, John, 58 n., 170, 172. 
 
 Graynfyld, John, his letter, 171. 
 
 Greenwich, 12, 133, 248, 285. 
 
 Gregorie, , 159. 
 
 Grenfield, John, Vice-Admiral of 
 Cornwall, 137. 
 
 Grenfield, Sir Richard, 137 j account 
 of him, 137 n. ; 140. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 309 
 
 Grey, Henry, Duke of Suffolk, Ixxi, 
 Ixdi, Ixxiij, Ixxvi, 56, 170. 
 
 Grey, Lady Jane, daughter of Henry 
 Grey, Duke of Suffolk, Ixx, Ixxi, 
 Ixxvi. 
 
 Grey, Thomas, 5th Marquis of Dor- 
 set, 1501-30 ; Warden of the East 
 and Middle Marches of Scotland, 
 1523; died, 1530, v; some ac- 
 count of him, V n. ; Ixviii. 
 
 Grey, William, Lord Grey of Wilton, 
 1529-62; one of the CouneU of 
 Calais, 1540; Lieut, of Hampnes 
 Castle, 1539 ; Captain, 1543 ; 
 Governor of Boulogne, 1546, xlix, 
 Ivi, lix, 68 ; account of him, 
 68 n. 
 
 Gnasto, Marquis of, see Avalos. 
 
 Gnisnes, xxix, 127. 
 
 Gnienne, a province of France, iv. 
 
 Guise, Duke of, see Lorraine. 
 
 Guistinian Sebastian, Venetian Am- 
 bassador, 38 n. ; 39 n. 
 
 Guyse, xxxi. 
 
 Haccombe, a parish in Devon, ac- 
 count of, 7 n. 
 
 Hall, Mr. 126. 
 
 Hamilton, James, 2nd Earl of Arran, 
 1530-75; Duke of Chatelherault, 
 1549; Governor of Scotland, 1542- 
 55; forfeited, 1570; restored and 
 died, 1575, xxv, xxvii, xlviii, li, 
 Ixxxiii, Ixxxv. 
 
 Hampton Court, Ixvi. 
 
 Hapre, xxxi. 
 
 Harbart, Mr., 290. 
 
 Hardelow, xlii, 26. 
 
 Harper, Sir George, Ixxiv 
 
 Harpocle, Robert, 236; account of 
 him, 237 n. ; 253 n., 257, 259 
 
 Hayne, Simon, Dean of Exeter, 111 
 
 Havre de Grdce, xliv, xlv. 
 
 Hawkins, Sir John, 38 n. 
 
 Hawks, Msh, highly prized, 258, 
 258 n. . 
 
 Hawse, Thomas, 156 
 
 Haydon, a pirate, 191 
 
 Helmor, , 158. 
 
 Henry II, King of England, ci, 198. 
 
 Henry III, King of England, 200. 
 
 Henry VII, Kmg of England, 1485- 
 1509, i, iv. 
 
 Henry VIII, King of England, 1509- 
 1547, i, iv; invades Prance, vii, 
 viii, ix, xi, xiii, xv, xxi, xxii, xxv, 
 xxvi, xxvii, xxviii. xxx, xxxix, xl, 
 xli. xliii, xliv, xlvii, liii. Ixvii, Ixix, 
 Ixxxi ; 8, 11, 20, 21, 22, 25, 27, 28, 
 31, 34, 37 ; his love of miisic, 38 n.; 
 45; his death, 46; 111, 133, 205. 
 
 Henry II, second son of Francis I, 
 born 1518; Duke of Orleans, mar- 
 ried, 1533, Catherine de Medici ; 
 became Dauphin, 1536 ; and King 
 of France, 1547 ; xlii, li. lii, Ixxix, 
 Ixxxii. 
 
 "Henry Grdce h, Dieu,'' 32; built, 
 133 n. ; 137. 
 
 Herbert, William, Earl of Pembroke, 
 Ixvi, Ixxv, Ixxvi, Ixxix. 
 
 Hern, Sir Nicholas, 198 ; account of 
 him, 198 n. ; 255 n. 
 
 Hern, Mr., 255 n. 
 
 Hertford, Earl of, see Seymour. 
 
 Holcombe, the seat of Sir Roger 
 Bluet, 167. 
 
 HolweU, John, Canon of Exeter, 158; 
 account of him, 158 n. ; 159, 160. 
 
 Honiton, Ivii, Iviii, lix, 52, 166. 
 
 Honiton Clist, 151. 
 
 Honiton Goory, 50, 52. 
 
 Hooker, John, xiii. cvi, cxii, 71, S8, 
 104, 105, 106, 194, 214, 248, 250, 
 251, 262, 263, 269, 273, 278. 
 
 Hooker, John, his letters, 194, 205, 
 248, 251, 264. 
 
 Hooker, Roger, 202, 221, 222 ; ac- 
 count of him, 222 n. 
 
 Hooker, Roger, his letter, 221. 
 
 Hooper, John, Bishop of Gloucester, 
 suffered martyrdom at Gloucester, 
 1555, Ixxvii. 
 
 Howard, Thomas, 3rd Duke of Nor- 
 folk, viii, xxii, xxiii, xl, Ixxiv, Ixxv, 
 26; account of him, 26 n. 
 
 Howard, Thomas, 4th Duke of Nor- 
 folk, Ixxxvi, 68 ; account of him, 
 68 n. ; 70. 
 
 Howard, Lord William, son of Tho- 
 mas, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, 14; 
 account of him, 14 n. 
 
 Howard, Mr., 126, 
 
310 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Hubersent, a castle in the Boulon- 
 
 nais, xlii. 
 
 Hume, , Lord, xxiii. 
 
 Hume, Castle, 1. 
 
 Hunt, Thomas, 4; account of, 4 n.; 5. 
 Huntley, Earl of, see Gordon. 
 Hurst, William, 153; account of 
 
 him, 154 n, ; 159, 160. 
 
 Jackson, Thomas, 257. 
 
 James IV, King of Scotland, 1488- 
 1513, viii, ix. 
 
 James V, King of Scotland, 1513- 
 1542, is, xxi, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, 14. 
 
 Jedburgh, xxii. 
 
 Ilfracombe, ,73, Y5. 
 
 Imokelly, Seneschal of, see Fitz Ge- 
 rald. 
 
 John D'Albret, King of Navarre, 
 1484-1516, V. 
 
 Johnson, William, Dean of Kilkenny, 
 236. 
 
 Ireland, ParMament of, Ixxxviii. 
 
 Iron mines onDartmore and Exmore, 
 right of working, granted to Sir 
 Peter Carew and others, 53 n. 
 
 Julius II, Pope, see Ruvere. 
 
 Kavanagh, sept of, xciii, 77, 79, 83, 
 85, 87, 198, 208, 213, 256, 264, 
 265, 286. 
 
 Kavanagh, descent of, 83. 
 
 Kavanagh, Bryan McCahir, 261, ac- 
 count of him, 261 a.; 265. 
 
 Kavanagh, Murrough Geyre, 87. 
 
 Kavanagh, Mortough Oge, Chief of 
 the sept ; his death, 255 n. ; 256 ; 
 account of him, 256 n. 
 
 Kerry, county of, ci, 283. 
 
 Ket, Robert, Ixii, Ixiii. 
 
 Ket, , Ixiii. 
 
 Kildare, Earl of, see Pitzgerald, 
 
 Kilkenny, xcvi, cviii, 93, 94, 95, 207, 
 215, 234. 
 
 Kilkenny, county of, 93, 216, 217, 
 228. 
 
 Kilmallock, ex, cxi, 220. 
 
 Killmany, a house of the Earl of 
 Kildare, 86. 
 
 KUmokary, 225. 
 
 Kings County, 207, 292. 
 
 Kingston-on-Thames, Ixxv. 
 
 Kingston, Sir Anthony, lix. 
 Kinsale, 192, 216 n. 
 Kirkham, George, 164 n. 
 Kii'kham, James, 180; account of 
 
 him, 180 n. 
 Knockfergus, cxv, 195, 287, 292. 
 Knolles, Henry, 17. 
 Knoplock, Edmund, 58 n., 172. 
 Knox, John, Ixxxiii. 
 Kylygrew, , 180. 
 
 Landrecy, xxx, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiii, 
 xxxiv, XXXV, xxxvi, 23, 24. 
 
 Lannoy, Charles de. Lord of Main- 
 goval and Sanzelles, Prince of 
 Salmona, Knight of the Golden 
 Fleece, 1516; Viceroy of Naples, 
 1522-27; died at Home, 1527, xi, 
 xii. 
 
 Latimer, Hugh, Bishop of Worcester, 
 burnt, Ixxvii. 
 
 Leighlin Castle, co. Carlow, 76, 77, 
 84, 86, 89, 91, 92, 96, 100, 199; 
 description of, 200 ; 203, 206, 210, 
 211, 213, 214, 221, 240, 251, 264, 
 279, 280, 281, 286, 296. 
 
 Leinster, province of, 74, 95, 251. 
 
 Leith, xxvii, Ixxxv, Ixxxvii. 
 
 Leix, see Queens County. 
 
 Lennox, Earl of, see Stewart. 
 
 Leo X, Pope, see Medici. 
 
 Lewis, King of Hungary and Bohe- 
 mia, slain, 1526, xvi, xvii. 
 
 Limerick, cix, ex, 220, 276, 283. 
 
 Lisle, Viscount, see Dudley. 
 
 Lique, xxix. 
 
 Licques de, xxxii. 
 
 Lixnaw Castle, the seat of the Pitz- 
 maurices of Kerry, ci. 
 
 Lixnaw, Lord, of, see Fitzmaurioe. 
 
 Loftus, Adam, Archbishop of Dublin, 
 272; account of him, 272 n.; 279. 
 
 London, 31, 50. 
 
 Lorraine, House of, Ixxxii, Ixxxv. 
 
 Lorraine, Claude de, third son of 
 Claude, Duke of Guise, Count 
 d'Aumale, 15-47; Duke d'Aumale, 
 1547-73 ; mai-ried, 1546, Louisa, 
 daughter of Diana of Poictiers ; 
 slain, 1573, xlvi. 
 
 Lorraine, Mary de, daughter of 
 Claude, Duke of Guise, married 
 
INDEX. 
 
 311 
 
 first, 1533, Lewis II, Duke of 
 Longueville; secondly, 1538, James 
 V of Scotland ; died, 1560, li, liii, 
 Ixxxvi ; her death, Ixxxvii ; her 
 character, Ixxxviii. 
 
 Lothians, Ixxxiv. 
 
 Louis XII, King of France, 1498- 
 1515 ; ii, iii, iv, v, vii. 
 
 Lovaine, 182. 
 
 Lynt, Mathew, 253 u. 
 
 Lysyngham, , a pirate, 191. 
 
 Macarthy More, territories of, cii. 
 
 Macarthy More, Earl of Clancare, 
 xci., ci, cii, ex, 102; account of him, 
 102 n. ; 215, 216 n., 217, 226, 
 266. 
 
 Macarthy Eeagh, Sir Uonough, 101 ; 
 account of him, 101 n. 
 
 McMorrough, King of Leinster, 198. 
 
 Maguire, Cuconnaught, son of Cu- 
 counaught ; inaugurated Lord of 
 Fermanagh, 1566, xci. 
 
 Maguire, Sir Hugh, Lord of Ferma- 
 nagh J 218 u. 
 
 Mac Sweenys, sept of, 96, 101. 
 
 Mac Swynes, see Mac Sweenys. 
 
 Mac Tegge, Sir Cormac, 103 ; ac- 
 count of him, 103 n. ; 104. 
 
 McKeadow, Cahu-, 241. 
 
 McKeadow, Lysagh, 241. 
 
 Mac William Oughter (or upper), see 
 Burke. 
 
 Madden, Sir Frederick, 135. 
 
 Mahones, see O'Mahonys. 
 . Malby, Captain, 90 n., 92 ; account 
 of him, 92 n. 
 
 Maltravers, see Fitzalan. 
 
 Manaring, Robert, 90 n. 
 
 Maunder, , 178. 
 
 Margaret Tudor, Queen Dowager of 
 Scotland, viii, 38 n., 39 n. 
 
 Marine, Simon de, 131 n. 
 
 Martigues, Count of, (of the House 
 of Luxembourg,) Ixxxvi. 
 
 Mary, Queen of Scotland, xxiv, xxv, 
 xlvii, li, Iii, Ixxxii, Ixxxiv, Ixxxvi, 
 Ixxxviii. 
 
 Mai'y, Regent of Flanders, xxxi, 126. 
 
 Mary, daughter of Henry XIII, 
 Queen of England, 1553-59, Ixviii, 
 lix, Ixxi, Ixxii, Ixxiii, Ixxviii, Ixxx, 
 
 Ixxxi, Ixxxi ii, Ixxxiv, Ixxxix, 39 n., 
 
 54, 59, 60, 62, 66, 67, 157, 160, 
 
 161, 162, 163, 173. 
 Mary, Tudor, sister of Henry VIII, 
 
 married Louis XII of France, 
 
 vii, 39 n. 
 Mary of Portugal, 1st wife of Philip 
 
 II, King of Spain, Ixxvii. 
 Mary of Guise, wife of James V of 
 
 Scotland, see Lorraine, Mary. 
 Mary, 2nd daughter of Henry VII, 
 
 married 1st, Lewis XII of France ; 
 
 2nd, Charles Brandon, Duke of 
 
 Suffolk; 3rd, Henry Grey, Duke 
 
 of Suffolk, Ixx. 
 Mary, daughter of Ferdinand, King 
 
 of the Romans, xxviii. 
 " Mary Rose," loss of the, xlv, 82, 
 
 33, 128-137 ; articles recovered 
 
 from, 134, 135. 
 Mai'oUes, a village of Hainault, xxxiv, 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 Markham, Mr., 126. 
 
 Maston, a lordship in Meath, 74, 78, 
 79, 196, 197, 209. 
 
 Maxwell, Robert, 5th Lord Maxwell, 
 1513-46; Warden of the West 
 Marches of Scotland, 1523- — , 
 Lord Provost of Edinburgh, 
 1524-28 ; Ambassador to France, 
 1538; Prisoner at Solway Moss, 
 1542 ; died 1546, xxiii. 
 
 Maximilian I, eldest son of Frederick 
 III,Kingof the Romans, 1486- . — ; 
 Emperor of Germany, 1493-.1519 ; 
 died 1519 ; iii, vi, ix, xiv. 
 
 Meath, Bishop of, see Brady. 
 
 Medici, Julius, natural son of Julian 
 de Medici, bom 1478 ; Knight of 
 Malta, 1512 ; Cardinal, 1513 j 
 Administrator of the See of Wor- 
 cester, 1521 ; Pope Clement VII, 
 1523-34, XV. 
 
 Medici, John de, born 1475 ; Cardi- 
 nal, 1489; Pope Leo X, 1513-1521, 
 
 X. 
 
 Meath, province of, 74, 197, 198. 
 Memo, Dionisius, 38 n., 39 n. 
 Midensis, see Meath. 
 Milan, city of, 20. 
 
 MUan, Duchy of, ii, iv, vi, vii, i, 
 xix. 
 
312 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Milan, Valentina, Ducheas of, ii. 
 Milan, Duke of, see Sforza. 
 Modbury, seat of Sir Arthur Chara- 
 
 pernon, 148. 
 Mohatz, battle of, xvii. 
 Mohun's Ottery, see Ottery Mohun. 
 Molyneux, E., Clerk of the Council 
 
 in Ireland, 239. 
 Montgomerie, Carews so called, 1. 
 Montmorency, Constable of France, 
 
 Ixxix. 
 Montreuil, xl, xli, xlii, 25. 
 Mousehold Hill, Norfolk, Ixii. 
 Monson, Sir WUliam, 133, 133 n. 
 Mountjoy, Lady, 202. 
 More, Owen, 220 ; account of him, 
 
 220 n. 
 More, Sir John, 166; account of 
 
 him, 166 n. ; 167. 
 More, of Clist, servant of Sir Peter 
 
 Carew, 150. 
 Moreman, Dr. John, Dean of Exeter, 
 
 159 ; account of him, 159 n. ; 160, 
 
 163, 164. 
 
 Morgan, , 287. 
 
 Morgayne , 178. 
 
 Munster, a province of Ireland, xcvi, 
 
 cii, cvii, cix, cxiii, 74, 96, 97, 98, 
 
 100, 101, 249, 255, 263, 266, 268, 
 
 270, 274, 279, 280, 283, 286, 289, 
 
 290. 
 Munster, Lord President and Coun- 
 cil of, cxii, cxiii, 255. 
 Musselburgh, xlviii. 
 Musselburgh Bay, xlix. 
 Mydwynter, John, 153 j account of 
 
 him, 164 n. 
 Myah, John, Becorder of Cork, 256. 
 
 Narcissus, , 204. 
 
 Navarre, v.. 
 
 Newcastle, xxii. 
 
 Newhaven, 29. 
 
 Newton Bushel, 54. 
 
 Netherlands, vi. 
 
 Nice, siege of, xx. 
 
 Norfolk, Duke of, see Howard. 
 
 Northampton, Marquis of, see Parr. 
 
 Northcote, , of Crediton, 162. 
 
 Northeham, a parish in Devon, 162. 
 Northumberland, Duke of,«ee Dudley. 
 Norwich, Ixi, Ixiii. 
 
 O'Byrne, sept of, xclii, 241. 
 
 O'Birne, Hugh Mc Shane, 291 ; ac- 
 count of him, 291 n. ; 292. 
 
 O'Birne, Turloghe Mc Gill Patrick, 
 259. 
 
 O'Brien, Donough, the 3rd Earl of 
 Thoraond, son of Conor, 1st Earl, 
 oviii. 
 
 O'Carrol's Country, xcvi. 
 
 O'Carrol, Sir William, Lord of Ely, 
 229. 
 
 O'Conor Kerry, Conor, son of Conor, 
 ci. 
 
 O'Dalys, 96, 101. 
 
 O'Donnel), Con., 293; account of 
 him, 293 n. 
 
 O'Donnell, Sir Hugh, 293 ; account 
 of liim, 293 n. 
 
 O'Driscolls, sept of, 96, 101. 
 
 O'Driscoll, Pynon, 269 ; account of 
 him, 269 n. 
 
 Odrone, a Barony in Co. Carlow, re- 
 covered by Sir Peter Carew, cvii, 
 cxiii, cxvi, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 
 84, 87, 90 n. ; description of, 199; 
 201, 208, 210, 213, 243, 251; 
 mearing of, 251 n. ; boundaries 
 of, 252 n. ; map of, 251 ; names of 
 mearers, 254 n.; descent of, 254 n.; 
 255 n., 266, 277, 278, 279, 280, 
 281, 282, 284, 285, 286, 294, 296, 
 297. 
 
 OfTaly, see King's County. 
 
 O'Plaherty, Murrough, son of Teige, 
 xcix. 
 
 Oglethorp, Owen, Dean of Windsor, 
 162 ; account of him, 162 n. 
 
 OgweU, Co. Devon, 27. 
 
 Oisel d', French General, hcxxiii. 
 
 O'Magher's Country, xcvi. 
 
 O'Mahony, sept of, 96, 101. 
 
 O'Mores, sept of, 241, 286. 
 
 Omore, Rory Oge, 291; account of 
 him, 291 n. 
 
 O'Neils, sept of, cxiv. 
 
 O'Neil, Sir Brian Mac Phelim, cxiv, 
 cxv, 292 ; account of him, 292 n. 
 
 Oneil, Con, Baron of Dungannon, 
 Earl of Tyi'one, Ixxxix. 
 
 O'Neil, Hugh, Earl of Tyrone, cxv. 
 
 O'Neil, Shane (or John), Earl of 
 Tyrone, Ixxxix, xc; his visit to 
 
INDEX. 
 
 313 
 
 England, xc n. ; xci, xci n., xcii ; 
 
 his death, xciii, xcv. 
 O'NeU, Tyrlogh Lynogh, chief of the 
 
 O'Neils, xciii ci, cviii, ex, cxv, 216 
 
 n., 241, 291, 293. 
 Orange, Prince of, see Philihert. 
 Orange, Philiberta, Princess of, 10, 
 
 11 ; account of, 10 n. ; 12. 
 Ordnance, antient, taken from the 
 
 wreck of the " Mary Rose," 134, 
 
 135. 
 Ordnance, Board of, 134, 135. 
 Ormond, family of, see Butler. 
 Orwell, river, near Harwich, xliii. 
 O'SiiUivan Beare, Sir Owen, 191 ; 
 
 account of him, 191 n. 
 Ossory, Upper, Baron of, see Pitz 
 
 Patrick. 
 Ossory, Bishop of, see Gafhey. 
 O'Tools, sept of, xciii. 
 Ottery Mohun, Co. Devon, the seat 
 
 of Sir Peter Carew, 1, 3, 5, 12, 
 
 13, 52, 70, 97, 145, 146, 148, 149, 
 
 151, 152, 163, 165, 166, 170, 179, 
 
 180, 205. 
 
 Paget, Sir William, Lord Paget, 
 1549-63, 63; account of him, 63 n.; 
 64, 128, 129, 130, 131, 137, 
 163. 
 
 Pale, the English, district around 
 Dublin, xciii, c, cix, 79, 261. 
 
 Palmer, Sir Thomas, xxxix; some 
 account of him, xxxix n. 
 
 Parr, William, Marquis of North- 
 ampton, Ixii. 
 
 Patrus, xvii. 
 
 Paul III, Pope, see Farnese. 
 
 Paul IV, Pope, see Caraffa. 
 
 Pius V, Pope, see Ghislieri. 
 
 Pavia, battle of, xi, xii, 9. 
 
 Pembroke, county of, 1. 
 
 Pembroke, Earl of, see Herbert. 
 
 Percy, Sir Thomas, Ixviii. 
 
 Pesth, xix. 
 
 Peter, Sir William, Lord Peter, 181 ; 
 account of him, 181 n. 
 
 Peter, John, 153; account of him, 
 155 n. 
 
 Peterson, John, 192. 
 
 Perrott, Sir John, Lord President of 
 Munster, ex, exi, cxii, cxiii, 98; 
 
 account of him, 98 n.; 262, 263, 
 264, 271, 277. 278, 289, 290. 
 
 Perrott, Sir John, his letter, 273. 
 
 Perth, Ixxxiii, kxxiv. 
 
 Peryan, William, 80 ; account of 
 him, 80 n. 
 
 Philihert de Chalons, Prince of 
 Orange, 10 ; account of him, 10 n. 
 
 Philip I, Duke of Brunswick; 1486- 
 1551, xxviii. 
 
 Philip IT, King of Spain, Ixxiii, 
 Ixxvi, Ixxvii, Ixxviii, Ixxxi, Ixxxii, 
 xci, ci, cvii, 54, 62, 65, 148, 149, 
 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 172, 173, 
 180, 183. 
 
 PhiUp II, his letter to Queen Mary, 
 183. 
 
 Philip, Count Palatine of the Rhine, 
 Duke Philip of Bavaria, youngest 
 son of Rupert the Virtuous, bom, 
 1503, died 1548, xvii. 
 
 Picardy, a province of France, x. 
 
 Pinkey, xlix, 1, li. 
 
 Plunkett, Sir John, 80; account of 
 him, 80 n.; 81 n., 82 n., 272, 279. 
 
 Pole, Reginald, Cardinal, 1336 ; 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, 1554, 
 bcxii, Ixxvii, Ixxviii, Ixxx, 
 
 Pole, Richard de la, viii ; some ac- 
 count of him, viii n. 
 
 Pollard, Sir Henry, 49, 50. 
 
 Pollard, Sir Hugh, 162; some ac- 
 count of him, 162 n.; 168. 
 
 Pomeroy, Sir Thomas, 156 ; account 
 of him, 156 n. ; 157. 
 
 Portsmouth, xlv, xlvi, 30, 31, 37, 
 128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 135, 137 
 162, 163. 
 
 Potter, 239. 
 
 Poulet, Sir Wm., Marquis of Winches- 
 ter, Ixviii ; account of him, 130 n. 
 
 Poulet, Sir Wm., his letters, 130. 
 
 Power, Lord, xcviii. 
 
 Poynet, John, Bishop of Winchester, 
 62 ; account of him, 62 n. 
 
 Poyntyngton, John, 179. 
 
 Prideaux, Thomas, 163, 164. 
 
 Prideaux, John, his declaration, 155 ; 
 account of him, 155 n. ; 156, 159, 
 160, 161, 181. 
 
 Pyfold, Mr, of St, Mary's Abbey, 
 Dublin, 250. 
 
314 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Queenborough, 31. 
 
 Queen's County, Ireland, xcvi, 207, 
 
 241, 261. 
 Quennoye, xxxi. 
 
 Bagusa, 17 ; account of, 17 n. 
 EaJeigh, Walter, 179 ; account of 
 
 him, 179 n. 
 Raleigh, Sir Walter, 128. 
 Eatcliffe, Thomas, Lord Fitzwalter, 
 
 third Earl of Sussex of his house, 
 
 KG, 1557; died 1583, s. p.; 
 
 Lord Deputy of Ireland, Ixxxviii, 
 
 Ixxxix. 
 Ravenna, battle of, v. 
 Rawe, John, 259. 
 
 " Regent," ship of war, burnt, 133 n. 
 Rene II, King of Naples, ii. 
 Reynold, Hugh, 172. 
 Reynolds, Richard, 27; account of 
 
 him, 27 n. 
 Rhodes, siege of, xvi. 
 Rich, Sir Richard,' Lord Rich, 50, 
 
 51; account of him, 51 n. 
 Ridgeway, John, 147; account of 
 
 him, 147 n. ; 161. 
 Ridgeway, John, his letter, 147. 
 Ridley, Nicholas, Bishop of London, 
 
 bm'nt, Ixxvii. 
 Roche, David, Lord Roche and Vis- 
 count Fermoy, 104; account of 
 him, 104 n. 
 Rochester Ixxiv. 
 Rogers, Lady, 204. 
 Rome, sack of, xv. 
 Eoslare, Co. Wexford, 219. 
 Rosse, 101, 107. 
 Roxborough Castle, 1, 
 
 Roybodo, , 34, 35. 
 
 Russell, John, Lord, xl, Ivii, Iviii, lix, 
 Ixvi, 26 ; account of him, 26 n. ; 
 50, 52, 128, 163, 185. 
 Ruvere, Jnlian da la, Pope Julius II, 
 1503-13, iii, iv. 
 
 Sadler, Sir Ralph, xlix. 
 
 St. Clair, Oliver, favourite of James 
 V, of his Privy Chamber, prisoner 
 at Solway Moss, 1542, xxiv. 
 
 St. John, Sir John, xxviii. 
 
 St. Leger, Sir John, 55 ; account of 
 him, 55 n. ; 162, 178. 
 
 St. Leger, Sir John, his letters, 165, 
 
 169. 
 St. Leger, Sir Warham xcvii, 218 ; 
 
 account of him, 218 n. 
 St. Leger, Sir Warham, the elder, 
 
 218 n. 
 St. Mary's Abbey, Dubhn,'',77, 250. 
 St. Molyns, Barony of, 264, 265 n. 
 St. Omers, 123, 124. 
 St. Paul's School, London, 5, 6. 
 St. Quintin, siege of, Ixxix. 
 Salewe, Marquis of, a nobleman of 
 
 France, 10. 
 Sampford Courteney, Devon, 48. 
 
 Saunders, , 153. 
 
 Scots in Ireland, eix, ex. 
 
 Shee, Sir Richard, cvii, 224, 236; 
 
 account of him, 237 n. 
 Sheffield, Edmund, created Lord 
 
 Sheffield, 1547, Ixii ; killed, Ixiii. 
 Shelly, Mr., 24. 
 Sherborne, 165. 
 SHverton, a village near Exeter, 
 
 157. 
 Seine, River, xliii. 
 Selim I, Emperor of the Ottomans, 
 
 xvi. 
 Sepuse, John Zapol, Waywode of 
 Transylvania, 1499, assumed the 
 title of King of Hungary, 1526 
 is acknowledged as such, 1586 
 married Isabella of Poland, 1538 
 died, 1540; xvii, xviii. 
 Sepuse, Stephen (or John), son of 
 John Zapol, born 1540; died 1571, 
 xviii, xix, 20. 
 Seravia, Duke of, 20. 
 
 Serjeant, , 165. 
 
 Seymour, "Edward, Viscount Beau- 
 champ, 1536; Earl of Hertford, 
 1537; Privy Councillor K.G. 1541; 
 Captain of Jersey, Lord Admiral, 
 1542 ; Lord Warden of the Scot- 
 tish Border, 1542; Lord Great 
 Chamberlain, 1543 ; Commander 
 at Boulogne, 1545 ; Lieutenant of 
 the North, 1545; Duke of Somer- 
 set and Earl Marshal of England, 
 1547; beheaded, 1552, xliv, xlvii, 
 xlviii, xlix, 1, Iii, Uv, Iv, Ixiv, Ixv, 
 Ixvi, Ixix, 50, 51, 131, 132. 
 Seymour, Sir Henry, xliii. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 315 
 
 Seymour, Lady J ane, daughter of the 
 Somerset, Ixvii, 54. 
 
 Seymour, Sir Thomas, xxviii, xxix, 
 xliii, Ixiv, 137; account of him, 
 137 n, 
 
 Seymour, Sir Thomas, his letter, 138. 
 
 Sforza, Francis, Duke of Milan, x. 
 
 Sforza, Louis, Duke of Milan, ii, vi. 
 
 Smarte, , 159. 
 
 Smith, Sir Thomas, Secretary of 
 State, cxiv, 287, 294. 
 
 Smith, Thomas, natural son of Sir 
 Thomas Smith, Secretary of State, 
 cxiv. 
 
 Smith, William, Mayor of Exeter, 
 160; account of him, 160 n. 
 
 Smythe, John, 152, 153. 
 
 Soliman I, Emperor of the Ottomans, 
 1520-66, xvi, xvii, xviii, xix, 15, 
 20. 
 
 Solway Moss, battle of, xxiv, xxv. 
 
 Somerset, William, third Earl of 
 Worcester, 41; account of him, 
 41 n.; 42. 
 
 Somerset, Duke of, see Seymour. 
 
 Somerset, Duchess of, Ixiv. 
 
 Spurs, battle of, vi. 
 
 Stafforde, Mr., 124, 125. 
 
 Stafford, Edward, last Duke of Buck- 
 ingham of this famUy, Lord High 
 Constable, beheaded 1521, vi. 
 
 Stanihurst, , Eccorder of Dub- 
 lin, cv. 
 
 StaplehiU, Walter, 153; account of 
 him, 154 n. 
 
 Stapleton, William, Dean of Casliel, 
 96. 
 
 Stewart, Mathew, 4th Earl of Len- 
 nox, xxvi; some account of him, 
 xxvin. ; 1. 
 
 Stirling, li, Ixxxiv. 
 
 Strangeways, Sir Giles, 160 ; account 
 of him, 160 n. 
 
 Strozzi, Peter, 139 ; account of him, 
 189 n. 
 
 Stuart, James, natural son of James 
 V of Scotland; Prior of St. An- 
 drews, Ixxxiv. 
 
 Stukeley, Thomas, 75 ; account of 
 him, 75 n.; 77, 84, 190, 192, 199, 
 203, 210. 
 Stukeley, Sir Hugh, 168. 
 
 Southwark, Ixxv. 
 
 Southampton, Ixxvi. 
 
 Southampton, Earl of, see Fitz WU- 
 liams. 
 
 Southern, Thomas, Treasurer of Exe- 
 ter Cathedral, 159, 160, 164, 
 
 Suffolk, Duke of, see Brandon; Grey. 
 
 Suntry, xxiii. 
 
 Surrey, Earl of, see Howard. 
 
 Sussex, Earl of, see Eatoliffe. 
 
 Sweteman, William, of Casselyf, co. 
 Kilkenny, 216 n. 
 
 Sydney, Sir Henry, Lord Deputy of 
 Ireland, xci, xciv, xcvii, xcviii, 
 xcix, c, cii, ciii, civ, cv, cvii, cix, 
 ex, cxi, cxv, 74; account of him, 
 74 n. ; 77, 81, 82, 83, 84, 91, 95, 
 107, 108, 109, 207, 210, 211, 212, 
 216 n, ; 217, 220, 221, 222, 223, 
 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 
 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 
 239, 274, 296, 297 
 
 Sydney, Sir Henry, his letter, 239. 
 
 Synnet, John, 80, 250. 
 
 TaUboys, George, second Baron Tail- 
 boys ; account of him, 44 n. 
 
 Talbott, Justice, 81 n. 
 
 Tallon, famUy of, 260. 
 
 Terouenne, siege of, vi, vii, xxix, 3, 
 23, 123, 126. 
 
 Testons, account of, 185 n. 
 
 Thomas, John, 253. 
 
 Thomas, William, 168; account of 
 him, 168 n.; 170. 
 
 Thomastown, 88. 
 
 Thomond, the Earl of, see O'Brien. 
 
 Tintern Abbey, co. Wexford, 253, 
 264, 264 n. 
 
 Tipperary, County of, xcvi. 
 
 Tiverton, 147. 
 
 Thomond, district of, xcviii, cii, 241. 
 
 Toplye , 178. 
 
 Topsham, 151. 
 
 Torre, 150. 
 
 Totnes, 148, 149. 
 
 Tournay, capture of, vii 
 
 Tracton, 216 n. 
 
 Tredaff, 292. 
 
 Tregunnet, Mr., 172. 
 
 Tremayne, Andrew, 180 ; account of, 
 him, 180 n. 
 
 3 F 
 
316 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Tremayne, Edmund, 204 n. ; 25!7 j ac- 
 count of him, 257 n.; 288. 
 
 Tremayne, Edmund, his letter, 287 ; 
 account of him, 288 n. ; 295. 
 
 Tremayne, John, 178. 
 
 Tremayne, Nicholas, 180 n. 
 
 Tremayne, Dr. Richard, 204; ac- 
 count of him, 204 n. 
 
 Treport, a town in Normandy, xlv, 
 34, 35, 36, 40, 136. 
 
 Tresselderment, 86. 
 
 Trevanian, Sir Hugh, 139 ; account 
 of him, 139 n. ; 140. 
 
 Trymm, Castle of, 196, 197. 
 
 Tryvet, , of Exeter, 178. 
 
 Tudor, family of, their love of music, 
 38 n. 
 
 Tweed, river of, xxiii. 
 
 Tyrone, county of, xciii. 
 
 Tyrone, Earl of, see O'Neil. 
 
 Vane, Sir Ralph, xlix. 
 
 Vannes, Peter, 59 ; account of liim, 
 59 n. 
 
 Vaughan, Stephen, 123; some ac- 
 count of him, 123 n. 
 
 Venice, iv, vii, 17, 19, 20, 21, 59, 
 60. 
 
 Vienna, xvii, 21. 
 
 Villebon, Monsieur de, 124, 125. 
 
 Ulster, Province of, xci, xcii, cii, 
 cviii, cxiv, 99, 295. 
 
 Voysey, John, Bishop of Exeter, 181; 
 account of him, 161 n.; 162. , 
 
 Upper Ossery, Baron of, see Fitz- 
 Patrick. 
 
 Wardner, Mr., 124, 125. 
 
 Wallop, Sir John, xxviii, xxix, xxx, 
 
 xxxi, xxxiii, xxxiv, xxxv, xxxvi, 
 
 account of him, 22 n. 
 Wallop, Sir John, his letter, 123. 
 Waterford, xcvii, cxi, cxii, 73, 75, 88, 
 
 101, 107, 194, 207, 214, 216, 217, 
 
 219, 231, 255, 259. 
 Weissenberg, siege of, xvi, xix. 
 Welder, Peter van, 39 n. 
 Welton, Mr., 204. 
 Wentworth, Sir Thomas, first Lord 
 
 Wentworth,1529-1551; died 1551, 
 
 Ixii. 
 Weston, Robert, Lord Chancellor of 
 
 Ireland, 73, 194, 203, 221, 262, 
 264. 
 
 Weston, Robert, his letter, 262. 
 
 Wexford, cix, 76, 80, 250. 
 
 Weymouth, 57, 58, 170, 172, 180. 
 
 Wharton, Sir Thomas, Lord Whar- 
 ton, 1544-68 ; Captain of Carlisle; 
 one of the Council of the North; 
 died 1568, 2. 
 
 White, Nicholas, 210; account of 
 him, 210 n. ; 261, 272, 279. 
 
 Wichehalls, 156. 
 
 Wight, Isle of, xliii, xliv, 31. 
 
 William IV, Duke of Bavenstein, 15- 
 — 39 ; Duke of Cleves and Julierg, 
 1539-92 ; married, 1546, Mary, 
 daughter of Ferdinand, King of 
 the Romans, xxviii. 
 
 Williams, Thomas, 185 ; account of 
 him, 185 n. 
 
 Winchester, Bishop of, see Poynet. 
 
 Winchester, Marquis of, see Poulet. 
 
 Windsor, Ixvi. 
 
 Windsor, Dean of, see Oglethorp. 
 
 Wingfield, Mr., 21, 259. 
 
 Winter, John, Treasurer of the Ad- 
 miralty, 137. 
 
 Winter, Sir William, Admiral, bcxxvi. 
 
 Wolf, Sir David, (Priest), 290, 
 290 n. 
 
 Wolsey, Thomas, born 1471 ; King's 
 almoner, 1509 ; Dean of Lincoln, 
 1508 ; of York, 1513-14 ; of St. 
 Stephen's, 15 — ; Precentor of St. 
 Paul's, 1512-13 ; Bishop of Lin- 
 coln, 1514 ; Archbishop of York, 
 1514-30 ; Cardinal, 1515-30-; 
 Lord-Chancellor, 1515-29 ; Admi- 
 nistrator of Diocese of Tournay, 
 1517; Legate, 1518; Bishop of 
 Bath and Wells, 1518-23 ; Com- 
 mendatory of the see of Badajoz, 
 1520; Abbot of St. Albans, 
 1521 ; Bishop of Durham, 1523- 
 29 ; Bishop of Winchester, 1529 ; 
 deprived of the Great Seal and con- 
 victed of prsemunire, October, 
 1529 ; pardoned and restored to 
 the Archbishopric of York, Febru- 
 ary, 1530 ; died 29th November, 
 1530, xiv. 
 
 Wood, Richai'd, 253 n. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 317 
 
 Wotton, Nicholas, LL.D, Master of 
 the Faculties, 1538 ; Archdeacon 
 of Gloucester, 1542-53 ; Dean of 
 Canterbury, 1542-66; Dean of 
 York, 1544-66; Ambassador resi- 
 dent in France, 1546 ; died, 1566, 
 XX, Ixxxvii. 
 
 Worcester, Earl of, see Somerset. 
 
 Wriothesley, Thomas, Earl of South- 
 ampton, Ixvii. 
 
 Wyatt, Sir Thomas, Ixxiii, Ixxiv, 
 kxy, Ixxvi, 56 ; account of him, 
 56 n. 
 
 Wymondham Church, Kets hanged 
 on, Ixiii. 
 
 York, xxii. 
 
 Youghal, xcviii, 216 n. 
 
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 Ellesmbeb, The Eight Hon. The Eael op, E.S.A., Bridgewater House. 
 
 Ellis, Chaeles A., Esq., Plumstead Common, Woolwich. 
 
 Ellis, Sib Henet, Kt., K.H,, B.C.L., P.E.S., P.S.A., &c., &c., Director of 
 
 Society of Antiquaries, 24, Bedford Square. 
 Elliott, James Sdtton, Esq., Weedon (2 copies). 
 
 Featheestonhaugh, Mrs., The College, Kirkoawald, Penrith, Cumber- 
 land. 
 Penning, Lieut.-Col., 2, Eifle Terrace, Queens-road, Bayswater. 
 Penning, Mrs. Henrt. 
 
 Penning, Richard R., Esq., 12, Woburn Place, Russell Square. 
 Penning, W. W., Esq., Balham, Surrey. 
 FitzGbbald, Colonel A., York Place, St. James's. 
 PoED, Joseph, Esq., 4, Milan Terrace, Battersea. 
 Fowler, Joseph, Esq., 7, Adelaide Terrace, Bayswater. 
 Feasee, William, Esq., 89, Pall Mall. 
 Peeee, Cheistopher, Esq., Upper Seymour Street, London. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Fkoude, Mrs. Makgaret Ayshfobd, Denbury, Newton Abbott, Deron. 
 FcLLOM, Frederick James, Esq., Koyal Carriage Department, Woolwich. 
 
 Garrett, Samuel Silver, Esq., 17, Tollington Park, Hornaey. 
 
 Gat, George, Esq., Bedwell Park, Herts. 
 
 GiFPARD, Edward, Esq., Transport Office, Somerset House. 
 
 Gilbert, The Hon. Mrs., Trelisick, Truro, Cornwall (3 copies). 
 
 GiLBOBNE, The Rev. J. L., B.A., Assistant Chaplain to H. M. Forces. 
 
 Glencross, The Rev. J., M.A., Helland Rectory, Cornwall. 
 
 Goodwin, Joslah, Esq., F.S.A., 236, High Street, Exeter. 
 
 Gordon, Charles, Esq., Heavitree, near Exeter. 
 
 Gordon, H. W., Esq., C.B., Military Storekeeper, Dublin. 
 
 Gordon, Robert A., Esq., 28, Walpole Street, Sloane Square, Chelsea. 
 
 (2 copies). 
 Graves, The Rev. James, B.A., Honorary Secretary, Kilkenny Archaolo- 
 
 gical Association, Kilkenny. 
 Green, Mrs., 7, Upper Gower Street. 
 
 Groom, Stephen, Esq., 21, Mornington Road, Regent's Park. 
 Gurnet, Charles, Esq., Launceston, Cornwall. 
 
 Haoon, Edward, Esq., Mare Street, Hackney, Middlesex. 
 
 Harding, Lieut.-Col. W., Mount Radford, Exeter. 
 
 Halpord, Edward, Esq., The Grove, Hammersmith. 
 
 Hallward, The Rev. J. W., St. Stephen's, Shepherd's Bush, Middlesex. 
 
 Hamilton, Hans Claude, Esq,, H.M. State Paper Office, London. 
 
 Hanbt, 7oHN, Esq., 1, Stockwell Crescent, Clapham Road. 
 
 Hargbbaves, William, Esq., 6, Chepstow Villas, Bayswater. 
 
 Harrison, George, Esq., F.S.A., Windsor Herald, Herald's College 
 Doctors' Commons. 
 
 Hawes, Sir Benjamin, K.C.B., War Office, Pall Mall, London. 
 
 Hawker, Charles, Esq., 7, Radnor Place, Hyde Park. 
 
 Hatman, The Rev. Samuel, B.A., 3, Nelson Place, Youghal. 
 
 Hewlett, Henbt W., Esq., Clapham Park, Surrey. 
 
 Higgins, H. F., Esq., 89, Pall Mall. 
 
 Hopkins, Rioe, Esq., C.E., 7, Parliament Street, London. 
 
 Hood, Henry S., Esq., Camberwell Grove, Camberwell. 
 
 Hore, Herbert F., Esq., Pole Hore, co. Wexford. 
 
 Howell, Thomas, Esq., Director of Army Contracts, War Office, Pall 
 Mall. 
 
 Hunter, Joseph, Esq., F.S.A., Vice President of the Society of Anti- 
 quaries, 30, Torrington Square. 
 
 Jackson, H. B., Esq., 27, Abingdon Villas, Kensington. 
 
 Jbllicoe, Charles, Esq., 3, The Crescent, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars. 
 
 Kempthobne, Capt. G. B., LN., Bombay. 
 Kempthoene, Mrs., Bodmin, Cornwall. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 KiRBY, R. C, Esq., Accountant-General of the Army, War Office, Pall 
 
 Mall (2 copies). 
 KifiVETT, Felix, Esq., Keeper of the Records, Lambeth Palace, Lambeth 
 
 Palace. 
 
 Lamb, The Rev. Thomas Davis, The Rectory, West Hackney, Middlesex. 
 Lancaster, Henky, Esq., War Office, Whitehall Gardens. 
 Lawrence, N, H. P., Esq., Ipplepen, near Newton Abbot, Devon. 
 LoDBB, Giles, Esq., 1, Clarendon Place, Hyde Park Gardens (2 copies). 
 Low, Robert, Esq., Lower Mall, Hammersmith. 
 
 Macartney, George, Esq., M.P., Carlton Club. 
 
 MaoCarthy, D., Esq., 2, Portland Place, Bath. 
 
 Maclean, B., E q., Canterbury. 
 
 McLean, Thomas, Esq., 29, Woolmer Cottages, Hammersmith. 
 
 Macldbe, Andrew, Esq., Kilburn Villa, Hammersmith. 
 
 Manning-, Capt. Charles AoeusTUS, Lieutenant Governor of the Island of 
 
 Portland, Portland Castle, Portland (2 copies). 
 Mansell, Capt. W., R.N., Victoria Lodge, Hammersmith, 
 March, Henry F., Esq., 20, London Street, Paddington. 
 Martiny, Emanuel, Esq., Hornton Villas, Kensington. 
 MiDFORD, Robert, Esq., War Office, Horse Guards. 
 Miles, William, Esq., Dixfield, Exeter. 
 MiMARDiERE, Heney, Esq., Flensbury Villas, Hammersmith. 
 Mitchell, William, Esq., Highgate. 
 MoRSHBAD, William, Esq., Lavethan, Cornwall. 
 
 Newbon, J. S., Esq. Elms House, Hammersmith. 
 Nichols, John Gonan, Esq., P.S.A., 25, Parliament Street. 
 NoKHis, Arthur M., Esq., Woolwich, Kent. 
 NoRTHOOTE, Sir Stafford, Babt., Pynes, Exeter. 
 
 Oram, W. E. L., Esq., Royal Laboratory, Woolwich. 
 Orpen, John Herbert, Esq., Lisheens, Bantry, co. Cork. 
 
 Payne, John Robert, Esq., 10, Upper Gower Street, Bedford Square. 
 Payne, Samuel H., Esq., Harpur Street, Red Lion Square. 
 Petbie, Samuel, Esq., Director of the Commissariat, War Office, Pall 
 Mall. 
 
 Philippart, Sir John, College House, Hammersmith. 
 
 Phillipps, Sir Thomas, Bart., M.A., F.R.S., P.G.S., M.R.G.S., Hon. 
 
 M.R.S.L., Middle Hill, Broadway, Worcester. 
 PoERETT, Robert, Esq , F.R.S,, F.S.A., 49, Bernard Street, Russell Square. 
 Pretious, Thomas, Esq., 28, Woolmer Cottages, Hammersmith. 
 Prideaux, Sir Edmund Sadnderson, Bart., Netherton Hall, Honiton, 
 
 Devon. 
 
 Pye, The Rev. Francis W., The Rectory, Blisland, Cornwall. 
 
LIST OP SUBSCRIBEES. 
 
 Pye, Geobob, Esq., Boconion House, Cornwall. 
 
 Pye, Thomas, Esq., Bodmin, Cornwall. 
 
 Pye, Capt. W., R.N., 15, Tamer Terrace, Stoke, Devonport. 
 
 Raven, The Rev. Vincent, M.A , Great Fransham Rectory, Dereham. 
 
 Rayee, William Cakew, Esq., Tidcombe, Tiverton, Devon. 
 
 Ebykolds, W. S., Esq., M.A., Royal Military Asylum, Chelsea. 
 
 Richards, W. C, Esq., Upper Tulse Hill, Brixton. 
 
 Ripley, Thomas Edmund Tyndale, Esq., 8, Cleveland Row. 
 
 EoBEKTS, Charles, Esq., St. John's Wood Park. 
 
 Rogers, John J., Esq., Penrose, near Helston, Cornwall. 
 
 Romilly, George Thomas, Esq., Ploore, Weedon (2 copies). 
 
 Romilly, The Rev. Joseph, M.A., Registrary of the University of Cam- 
 bridge, Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 
 RoPEB, William J. Duff, Esq., 2, Mortimer Road, Kilburn. 
 
 Roper, Samuel, Esq., Pembury Road, Clapton. 
 
 Rowland, Edward, Esq., Claygate, Esher, Surrey. 
 
 Rowland, Col. George, 63, Wood Street, Woolwich (2 copies). 
 
 Rouse, George Heather, Esq., 5, Surrey Place, London. 
 
 Russell, The Rev. P. W., P.S.A., P.K.A.S., 4, Burr Street, St. Katharine's 
 Docks. 
 
 Satohwell, T. a. G., Esq., Stirling Castle, N.B. 
 
 Shirley, Evelyn Philip, Esq., M.A., M.P., Houndshill, Stratford-on- 
 Avon. 
 
 Simpson, William, Esq., Bradmore House, Hammersmith. 
 
 Sims, Richard, Esq., British Museum. 
 
 Slade, Augustus N., Esq., 39, Curzon Street, Mayfair. 
 
 Smith, Henry, Esq., Grove Park, Camberwell Grove. 
 
 Sparks, Isaac, Esq., 27, Bedford Square. 
 
 Stanhope, The Right Hon. the Earl, D.C.L,, P.R.S., P.S.A., President 
 
 of the Society of Antiquaries, 3, Grosvenor Place Houses. 
 Stagey, George, Esq., 3, Stanley Villas, Wotting H'll. 
 St. Germans, The Right Hon. the Earl or. Port Eliot, Cornwall ; 
 
 36, Dover Street. 
 Sutton, The Rev. Robert, 44, Queen Ann Street, City. 
 
 Talbot de Malahide, The Right Hon. the Lord, P.S.A., Malahide 
 
 Castle, Dublin. 
 Taunton, The Rev. Prbderick, M.A., Park Place, Hammersmith. 
 Tatum, Henry, Esq., Tower of London. 
 
 Thomas, William, Esq., B.A., Phillimore Terrace, Kensington. 
 Thompson, A. W. B., Esq., Wormley, Hoddesdon. 
 Thompson, Ralph, Esq., 70, Gloucester Street, Belgrave Road. 
 Travis, W. R., Esq., 15, Eliot Place, Blackheath. 
 Trevelyan, Sir Charles Edward, K.C.B., Treasury. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Teevelvan, Sib Waltbk Calveely, Babt., P.S.A., Wallington, near 
 
 Morpeth. 
 Trowbeidge, Sie Thomas, Babt., C.B., 20, Eaton Square, London. 
 vTwELLs, The Rev. Henbt, M.A., Head Master of the Godolphin School, 
 
 Godolphin School, Hammersmith. 
 
 Veaset, Walter W., Esq., New Grove House, Richmond, Surrey. 
 VmoENT, "William, Esq., Smith Street, Chelsea. 
 
 Walrond, B., Esq., Dulford House, Cullompton, Devon (2 copies). 
 
 Watson, John Wbbstee, Esq., Latymer Lodge, Hammersmith. 
 
 Wat, Albbbt, Esq., M.A., P.S.A.^ Wonham Manor, Reigate, Surrey. 
 
 Wemtss, Capt. Pbancis, B.E., Bombay. 
 
 Whateley, George, Esq., North Brixton, Surrey. 
 
 Whipfin, H. W. S., Esq., 27, Shaftesbury Crescent, Pimlieo. 
 
 Wilkinson, Robert, Esq., Cornwall Villa, Elm Grove, Peckham. 
 
 Williams, Charles, Esq., Williton, Somersetshire. 
 
 Wright, Thomas, Esq., M.A.,P.S.A., Member of the Institute of 
 
 France, &c., 14, Sydney Street, Brompton. 
 Wyndham, Mrs. Alexander, West Lodge, Blandford, Dorset. 
 
 TouNO, William, Esq., Chief Commissary, Ordnance Field Train, War 
 Office, Pall Mall. 
 
■^"Uf- 
 
 APPENDIX L 
 
 PEDIGREE OF THE FAMILY OF CAREW.— No. I. 
 
 Adam de = 
 Montgomery. 
 
 r 
 
 _i 
 
 Eees, ap Tudor, Prince = 
 of South Wales. I 
 
 Edmond de 
 Montgomery. 
 
 I 
 Elizabeth 
 
 Eugenius. 
 
 Nicholas, Baron 
 of Carew. 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 Petronia, da. of 
 Harcourt, Count 
 of Normandie. 
 
 Isabel, da. of Bi- 
 god, Earl of 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Stephen, a noble Nor- = 
 man. Const, of the I 
 
 Castle of Abereeny. | 
 
 r -" 
 
 Robert Fitz Stephen, = 
 Lord of half the king- 
 dom of Cork, by grant 
 of Henry 11. 
 
 Nesta. = Gerald Fitz 
 S I Walter. 
 
 s •- — -^ — 
 
 S Maurice Fitz Gerald. 
 
 Henry, a bas- 
 tard, by 
 King 
 Henry I. 
 
 ■^ 
 
 David. 
 Bp of St. 
 Davids. 
 
 1 
 
 William 
 
 William de Moliun, alias 
 Sapell, came; with Wil- 
 liam the Conqueror. 
 
 I 3 
 
 William, Baron = 
 of Carew. 
 received from 
 King John a 
 Confirmation 
 of the grant of 
 the Manor of 
 Mullesford, 
 1213. 
 
 I 
 
 Elizabeth, dau. 
 
 and heir. 
 
 Kafe, and Meredithe, 
 sans yssue. 
 
 WiUiam de 
 
 Mohun. 
 
 I 
 
 William de = 
 
 Mohun. I 
 I 
 
 William, de 
 Mohun. 
 
 Nicholas, Baron = Katherine, da. and 
 
 of Carew, un- 
 der age 1 5th 
 Henry IH. 
 
 co-heir of Myles 
 Lord Courcye. 
 
 Reginald de 
 Mohun. 
 
 da. 
 
 and heir of 
 
 Simon 
 
 Fleming. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 William, = 
 Baron of 
 Carew. 
 
 Reginald de 
 Mohun, 
 Lord of 
 Dunster. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 ' Morice de 
 Carew. 
 e.p. 
 
 Alicia, da. and 
 heir of Wil- 
 liam Brewer. 
 
 
 * Robert de Carew, 
 buried at Kil- 
 kenny, a.p. 
 
 Nicholas, Baron = Avice, da. and heir 
 
 of Carew, oh. 
 lefore 1286. 
 
 of Richard Tute, 
 Lord of Maston, 
 in Ireland. 
 
 Eeginald de 
 Mohun, 
 Lord of 
 Dunster. 
 
 Maude. 
 
 David, 
 
 Rector of 
 
 Carew. 
 
 Nicholas, = Avice da. and heir 
 
 cited to at 
 tend the Par- 
 liament at 
 Lincoln,lSOO. 
 o6. 1812. 
 
 I. I 
 
 David. Beatrix, mar. to Sir John 
 
 Barry, of whom the 
 Lords Barry, in Ireland 
 are descended. 
 
 ~r 
 
 of Digon, Baron of 
 Odrone, in Ireland. 
 
 William de Mohun, 
 2nd son, of Ottery. 
 oh. 1280. 
 
 Isabella, da. of Wil- 
 liam, Earl of Derhy, 
 and relict of 
 Oilhert Basset. 
 
 Beatrix, da. of Reginald 
 Fitz Peirse, 
 
 Nicholas. 
 
 I 
 
 13 
 William. 
 
 2| 
 Thomas. 
 
 8 I 7 
 
 Joanna,2ndwife, =+ John, Baron of = 
 da. of Sir Oilhert \ Carew and 
 
 Talbot. 
 
 Odrone. 
 
 ob. 1324. 
 
 -J 
 
 John de Carew, Baron of ■■ 
 Carew and Mullesford. 
 ob. 1862. 
 
 I 1 10 
 
 John de Carew at the siege of = 
 Calais, 1347. Died in his 
 father's life time. s.p. 
 
 _l_ 
 
 Margaret, da. of 
 John Lord 
 Mohun. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 % Nicholas, Baron = 
 Carew. o6. 1324. 
 s.p. 
 
 Flinora, 1st wife, da. 
 and heir of Sir Wil- 
 liam Mohun, of 
 Ottery Mohun. 
 
 Flinora, da. of Sir 
 Gilbert Talbot. 
 
 Agnes, da. of Sir 
 WiUiamMartin, 
 Knight, 
 
 Nicholas. Died in 
 his father's life 
 time. s.p. 
 
 Leonard de Carew, Baron 
 of Carew and Mules- 
 ford, oh. 1395. 
 
 Alice, da. of Sir Ed- 
 mond Fitzalan, 
 of Arundel. 
 
 Sir John le - 
 Archdeacon, 
 Knt. 
 
 Cicilia, da. and heir 
 of Jordan de Hac- 
 comhe. 
 
 I 11 
 
 Sir Thomas Carew, = Elizabeth, da. of Sir 
 
 Baron of Carew, 
 horn 1368. oh. 1430. 
 
 William Bonville, 
 of Shute. 
 
 Sir Warren, Arch- = 
 deacon, Knt. 
 
 Elizabeth, da. and 
 heir of John 
 Talbot. 
 
 Sir Hugh Courteney, ofHac- = 
 combe, 2nd son of John, I 
 Earl of Devon. \ 
 
 , ) 
 
 Philippa, da. and 
 co-heir. 
 
 Hugh. 
 
 Sir Nicholas Carew, 
 Baron of Carew, liv. 
 2Sth Henry VI. 
 
 12 
 
 Joan, da. and heir. 
 
 I 
 Florence, c 
 nun at 
 Canonly. 
 
 WiUiam, foun- Jane, mar. Elizabeth, 
 
 der of the fa- — Talbot, mar. John 
 
 mily at Cro- of Corn- Challons. 
 
 cum, Co. wall. 
 Somerset. 
 
 I * I 3 I 2 1 
 
 Alexander, founder Hugh. Nicholas, founder Sir Thomas 
 
 of the family at ob. of the family at Carew, Bar. 
 
 Antony, Co. Corn- s.p. Haccombe, Co. ofGarew,hh. 
 
 '"'"'"'■ Devon. 14 Oct. \&i. 
 
 13 
 
 Johanna, da. 
 and co-heir of 
 Thomas Car- 
 
 Sir Nicholas Carew, 
 Saron of Carew. oh. 
 16 Nov., 1471. 
 
 14 
 
 Margaret, sister and 
 coheir of John, 
 Lord Dinham. 
 
 Jane, mar. 
 Car^y-. — 
 
 '•Robert Sir John 
 
 Sir Edmond Carew, Baron of Ca- 
 
 15 
 
 ~rew, of Ottery Mohun, Knighted 
 at Bosworth Field, oh. 1613. 
 
 Kn.fh/^'yinp rln find. ,;o^hdr- 
 
 ] 8 j 7 
 
 rothy,mar. Catherine, mar. 
 m Stowell. Sir Philip 
 
 Ohampernon. 
 
 16 
 Isabell. 
 
 Ann. 
 
 1 
 
 Sir Oawen Ca- 
 rew. ob. 
 1583. sp. 
 
 of Sir William J{ud- 
 dersfield, of Shillingford. 
 
 George Carew, 
 . of Upton Hil- 
 lion. 
 
 Ann da. of Sir WilliamCa- = Joan,2dda. of Sir 
 
 Sir Nicho- 
 lasHarvey. 
 
 Tew, of Ottery 
 Mohun. 
 
 ir Peter Oa- 
 ew, slain in 
 reland, 
 680. 
 
 Etheldreda, 
 da.ofWm. 
 Gardiner, 
 of Bucks. 
 
 Sir George Carev), 
 created Baron Ca- 
 rew, of Clopton, 
 160S, and Earl of 
 Totnes, 1625. oh. 
 3629. s.p. 
 
 Jaco.sa, Mary, 
 
 da. and heir 
 ofWm.Clop. 
 ton,ofOlop- 
 ton, Co. 
 Warwick. 
 
 Wilm. Courteney, 
 of Powderham. 
 
 Elizabeth, da. 
 of William 
 Smarte. 
 
 Thomas Ca- 
 rew, of 
 Bichleigh. 
 
 Elizabeth, da. and, heir of 
 Humphrey Courteney, 
 of Bichleigh. 
 
 I 13 
 
 Cicdy, mar. Sik Peter Ca- 
 Ths. Kirk- bew died at 
 ham, of Ross, in Ire- 
 Blacka- land, 1675. 
 der. s.p. 
 
 2 I 2 
 
 Margaret, da. Sir Philip Mary, 2nd 
 of SirWm. Carew, wife, da. 
 Skipworth. Knight of of Sir 
 Malta. Henry 
 oh. s.p. Norris. 
 
 Sir George Ca- 
 rew, droumed 
 in the Mary 
 Rose, 1645. 
 s.p. 
 
 17 1 
 
 = Thomasine, 
 1st wife, 
 da. of Sir 
 Lewis 
 Pollard. 
 
 Anna, da. and heir, mar. 1st. 
 William, son and heir of Sir 
 Thomas Wilford, of Kent. 
 2dly, Sir Alan Apsley. 
 
 * These two brethren Morice and Robert, beinge both heirs successiuelie vnto the landes 
 lescended vnto them in the Countie of Corke, and elsewhere, beinge their fathers and grandmothers 
 inheritance, and beinge both out of the land of Irland at such time of seruice when the Kino-es 
 )anner was there desplaied, were charged for answeringe vnto the Kinge the scutao-e or serutce 
 lewe for the same ; that is to say 60" for 30 knyghtes fees, dewe and excepted in the^lres patentes 
 rf King Henry 2, and as appeareth in sondrye recordes in the Exchequer of Dublin. Also, this 
 Morice, being endebted to King Edward I. in 4000'! for the said seruices, in consideration of his 
 (good seruice done in Scotland, the king released and acquitted him of that debt, as appeareth in 
 the recordes of the Exchequer of the Castle of Dublin, entituled Rotulo Magno 32. Ed. 1. And, 
 further, whereas the seruices, wardships, and marriages of W'" de Burgo, Morrice Fitz' Gerald' 
 Thomas ifitzmorris, David of Barry, being holden immediately of him were due vnto him, and yet! 
 neverthelesse, the same were seized and taken into the Kinges handes. He by peticion sewed for 
 yt, recouered it, and was restored to the same, because it appeared that they and their auncestors 
 did hold all their landes w"'in that territorie, w"'' was sometime the kingdom of Corke of him and 
 of his auncestors immediately, as appeareth by the same recordes in the Castle of Dublin in Rotulo 
 Magno anno E.R. Edw. I. 33, et in eodem Rotulo anno R.R. Edw. II. i. ' 
 
 I 
 
 John Ca- 
 rew, of 
 
 Bichleigh. 
 ob. s.p. 
 
 = da. of 
 Gilbert 
 St. Clair. 
 
 William. 
 
 1 
 
 2 I 
 Humphrey. 
 
 t This John, the son of Nicholas, was sealed and possessed of the landes w"'in the province of 
 Corke, and gaue wardshippes, manages, and sergeantshipps, as appeareth by several recordes and 
 and wiytinges vnder his seale. 
 
 John, the son of this John, was the last that had any profEtt of his landes in Ireland, for the 
 English race and nacion there, were, for the moste parte, driven thence and ouercome by the Irishrie, 
 but yet vpon the death of him a commission was directed to the Eschetor of Catherlough and 
 of Corke for iinding of his offices, and yt was founde that the said landes in Catherlogh were kept 
 per force by Mack Moroghe. And further the Exohetor of Corke had commandement to take into 
 the Kinges handes al the landes of the said Johns in that countie during the minoritie of the heire. 
 But the Kinge hauinge giuen to Qu. Phillip his wife the wardship of the said heire, and the 
 custodie of his landes and tenementes, did send a wryt to the Exchetor not to entermeddle there- 
 with, and he, being called afterward by processe out of the Exchequer there to answer for the 
 proffites, made and put in the foresaid answer and was discharged; asappereth by the said recorder. 
 This John was Lord Justice of Ireland in ann" 1340. 
 
 J This Nicholas, Baron Carew, conveyed his lands by order of lawe to his brother, John, enjoin- 
 ing him to bear the arms of Mohun, his mother, quartered with his own. — Herald's College, C.I. 26. 
 

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