JLX« fJU. "'"j^J 31 ". . ^i/p^^^. OLIVER OPTIC'S and NAVY STORIES. /for Young and Old* in eix volumes. a. BlusCrated. Per yoL, $1.60. __^^ Sailor Soy, or Jack Somers in the Navy. Tlie 'Vankee Mllddy* or Adventures of a Naval Officer. Sra^e Old Salt* or Life on the Quarter Deck. rriie Soldier So^^, or Tom Somers in the Army. Tlie Youngf X^lexitexiaiit:^ Or The Adventures of an Array" Offie»r. !Fi£E'llt;illS? «Toey or the Fortunes of & Staff Officer.. " The writing* of Oliver Optic are the most pe- culiBiiy fitted for iuvenile readers of any works now published. There is a freshuess and vivacity about thein which is very engaging to older read- ers. The benefit which a young mind will ob- tain from reading the healthy descriptions, flill of xeBt and life, and, witlial, containing a freat deal of very useful information, ia almost mcalcula- ble."— I'otedo Blao-Sbm.ethings. •' Anxious mothers who wish to keep their boys out of mischief, will do well to keep their hahds filled with one of the numeroiia volumes of Oliver Optic. Th^ all have a good moml, are full of fascinating incidents mingled with instruction, and teach that straight-forwardness is best" — yewB, LEE & SHEPARD, Publishers, Boston. OLIVER OPTIC'S MAGAZINE. OUVEB OPIIG, Editor. Published Monthly. Each number contains ; Part of a NEW STORY, by the Editor. STORIES and SKETCHES, by popular authors. An ORIGINAL DIALOGUE. A DECLAMATION. PUZZLES, REBUSES, &c All Bandsomely Illustrated. Terms : $3.00 per year ; 25 cts. per number. Sold Everywhere. {g^ Remember, this Magazine contains more readlne matter than any other Juveuue maga- zine published. Specimen copies sent free by mail on appli- cation. LEE £ SHEPARD, Publishers, Bpston. OLIVER OPTIC'S YOUNG AMERICA ABROAD. A Libroiy of Tmvd and Adventure in Foreign Lands. 16mo. niustroted by NusU Stevens, Perkins, and others. Per volume, $1^0. Qutrward. 'Boxuid.« or Yotmg America Afloat. SliaiTLroolc &. mils tie* or Young America in Ireland and Scotland. Hed OirosSy or Young America in England and Wales. X>UceS A. I>itolieS9 or Young America iu Holland an'd Belgium. JPalaoe _ A: Cottasp* or Young America iu France and Switzerland. T>o-wii the Xiliine, or Young America in Germany. "Tliese are byfer the most instructive books ■ uiiUen by this popular author, and while main- tainiitg throughout enough of excitement and ad- _ venture to cuchain the interest of the youthfUIyl rrader, there is still a great amount oi inition, SollyTtock. Amiability, Jasmine. Seep. 48. Anger, Corse, or Furze. The furze blossom resembles the broom, but the plant is very prickly. It grows in greater profusion in England than in any other country. It is said that Linnaeus, when he saw it for the first time, near London, fell on his knees enrap- tured ; and, carrying some plants to Sweden, tried to raise them in a hot-house. Virgil mentions the furze. Keats speaks of " downs, where sweet air stirs Blue harebells lightly, and where prickly flirze Buds lavish gold." " Here the fhrze, Enriched among its spires with golden flowers, Scents the keen air." Charlotte Smith. LANQUAGE OF FLOWERS. 107 uoslty, St. Johrii Wort. " Hypericnm beneath each sheltering bash Its healing yirtue modestly conceals." Dodsleg. Artifice, Clematis. To excite commiseration, beggars sometimes produce on themselves, by applying the juice of the clematis, factitious sores. This infamous artifice sometimes results in real ulcers. Arts, Acanthus. See p. 25. Asylum, Aid, Juniper, See p. 87. Audacity, Larch. Austerity, Thistle. Beauty ever ueiv. Monthly Ease, Be my support. Black Bryony. Beloved dangbter, CinqutfoH. Beneficence, Marshmdllow. Ejeep. $1, 108 DICTIONAEr OP THE Benevolence, Potato. The reader is referred to Humboldt for the history of the potato. In England, in the reign of James I., it was consid- ered a great delicacy, and provided only in very small quan- tities for the queen's household. Bradley, an extensive writer on horticultural subjects at the beginning of the eigh- teenth century, says of potatoes, " They are of less note than horseradii,h, radish, scorzonera, beets, and skirret ; but as they are not without their admirers, I will not pass them by in silence." It was unknown in Saxony as late as 1740, but cultivated earlier in Switzerland. Parmentier, by the most persevering labors, succeeded in introducing the cultivation of this useful regetable into France, in the reign of Louis XVI. It had been known in Italy long before. Benevolence, Syacinth. The poets are not agreed whether the hyacinth sprung from the blood of Ajax or that of Hyacinthus ; but the flower they so designate was probably a kind of lily, and not our modern hyacinth. This, however, does not lack praise. HyaciuthB, with their graceful .bells, Where the spirit of odor dwells." Miss Landon, ' The hyacinth, purple, white, and blue. Which fluugf from its bells a sweet peal anew Of music 80 delicate, soft, and intense. It was felt like an odor .within the sense." Shelley. " Shaded hyacinth, alway Sapphire queen of the mid-May." Keats. In the bower of Eve, — " hyacinth, with rich inlay, Broldered the ground, more colored than with stone Of costliest emblem." LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. 109 The curling petals furnished Milton with a simile in de- scribing Adam. " Hyacinthine locks Round from hia parted forelock manly hung Clustering." Collins, too, speaks of " The youth whose locks divinely spreading Like vernal hyacinths." The poetical Hyacinth of the ancients was supposed to wear , " His hitter sorrows painted on his bosom." ** Aa poeta feigned, from Ajax* streaming blood Arose, with grief Inscribed, a mournful flower." • Toung. " In the flower he weaved The sad impression of his sighs i which beara Ai — Ai — displayed in funeral characters." Scmdys's Ovid. " Camna, reverend sir, went footing alow, His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge, Inwrought with figures dim, and on the edge Like to that sanguine flower inscribed with woe." Milton, Beivare, Oleander. Birth, Dittany of Crete. When Juno, under the name of Lucina, presided at the birth of children, she wore a wreath of dittany. Its good odor and medicinal qualities, which caused it to be esteemed by the ancients, make it still valued. It is a native of the isle of Crete. In Martyn's Botany we read, "Dittany of Crete has the small purple flowers collected in loose, nodding heads ; the stalks are pubescent, purplish, and send out small branches from their sides by pairs ; the leaves are round, thick, and so 10 110 DICTIONARY OF THE ■wooDy as to be quite white i the whole plant has a piercing, aromatic scent and biting taste." Woodville, in his Medical Botany, gives a figure of it, and says, " Both the Greek and Boman writers have fabled this plant into great celebrity j of which a single instance, related by the Latin poet, afifords a beautiful illustration." See ^neid XII. 411-416. Bltternesg, Aloe. See p. 81. Hlaclcness, Ebony Tree, Blemish, Henbaiie, Boldness, La/rch. The larch is often found at a prodigious elevation on moun- tains. Bonds of love, HoneymoUe. Seep. 28, Calmness, SucKbean. Bee p. 21, Calumny, Madder. Candor, WMtc Violet. LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. Ill Caprlclong Beanty, Musk Rose. This capricious rose will languish in situations which at first appeared most favorable to it. One year it will be loaded with flowers, and the next it will refuse to blossom at all. Cbagrln, Marigold. See p. 56. Change, Pimpernel. Always closing before rain, it denotes a change of weather. Chastity, Orange Blossom. Coarseness, Crossness, Pompion, or Pumpkin. Coldness, Agmes Castm. See p. 81. Compassion, Elder. The elder is said to furnish quack doctors with many of their most successful remedies. The great Boerhaave is said to have held the medicinal qualities of the elder in such rever- ence, that he would take off his hat when passing it. Elder berries make a very excellent wine. Conceit, Pomegranate. A pomegranate in Spanish is granada; and the kingdom of Granada is said to have derived its name from the pome- granate trees planted there by the Moors j which is quite probable, from a cleft pomegranate' being represented on its arms. Confession o< love, Rosebud. See p. 42. Confidence, Liverwort. Conjugal love. Linden, or Lime, See p. 33. 112 DICTIONARY OF TBE Consolation, Snowdrop. Corn Poppy- Cowley says, — *' ludulg^ent Ceres knew my worth, And td adorn the teeming earth She bade the poppy blow." Constancy, Canterbury Bell. Coolness, Lettuce. Coqnetry, Morning Glory. See p. 62. Courage, Black Poplar. The tree is consecrated to Hercules. Cruelty, Nettle. The sting of the nettle causes a pain like a bum. The mechanism of the sting is similar to a bee's, as may be seen by looking at a leaf under the microscope. Deceitful charmg, Datura, See p. 58. Declaration of love. Tulip, See p. 20 LANG UA GE OF FLO WEBS. 113 Dejection, Lupine. " Tristes lupini." Virgil. A beautiful white lupine is found wild in North America. All the species have rich, velvety leaves, and the variety of color in their flowers is very great. Delicacy, Bluebottle. Departure, Sweet Pea. The dark sweet pea is a native of Sicily; and the light, of Ceylon. *' Here are sweet peas, on tiptoe for a flight, With wings of gentle flush o'er delicate white, And taper lingers catching at all things. To bind them all about with tiny rings." Keats. Desertion, Anemmie (Wmdjlower). Anemone was a nymph heloved by Zephyr. Flora, jealous, banished her from, her court, and metamorphosed her into a flower which always expands before Spring has really returned. Zephyr abandoned this unhappy beauty to the rough caresses of Boreas, who shakes the blossom, rudely opens it, and soon destroys it. Desire, Jonquil. Thomson speaks of " Jonquils of potent fragrance." And Bidlake, — " The jonquil loads with potent breath the air. And rich in golden glory nods." Prior, too, — " The smelling tuberose and jonquil declare The stronger impulse of the evening air." 10 * 114 DICTIONAET OF THE Of the same famUy are Shakspeare's daffodils, — " That come before the swallow dares, and take The winds of March with beauty." ]>e8lre to please, Mezereon. ]>e'Fotion, Passion Flower, Dlfficnltteg, Black Thorn. Discretion, Maiden Hair, Disdain, Sue, ■ " There's rue for you ; and here's some for me : — we may call it herb of grace o' Sundays : — you may wear your rue with a difference," " Here did she drop a tear; here, in this place, I'll set a bank of rue, sour herb of grace; Eue, even for ruth, here shortly shall be seen In the remembrance of a weeping queen." Shakspeare. Before the Beformation, priests used to sprinkle the people in church with bunches of rue dipped in the holy water; hence the name of Herb of Grace o' Sundays. Disguise, Thorn Apple. Distinction, Cardinal Floujer. The cardinal flower, or scarlet lobelia, is one of the most splendid American flowers. It was introduced into Great Britain in 1629, and Justice says of it, "A flower of most handsome appearance, which should not be wanting in curious gardens, as it excels all other flowers I ever knew in the rich- ness of its scarlet color.'' Docility, Rush. Do me Justice, Chestnut. Do not abuse me, Saffron Crocus, Doration, Continuance, Cornelian Cherry, Seep. 78. LANGUAGE OW FLOWEBS, lis Ilgotlgni, Poet's Narcissus, See p. 32, Ulegance, Hose Acacia. Xile-ratlon, Mr. Hloquence, Water IMy. " Brilliant thyself in store of dazzling wMte, Thy sister plants more gaady robes unfold : This flames in purple; that, intensely bright Amid the illumined waters, bums in gold. To brave Osiris' fiery beam is thine, Till in the distant west his splendors fade; Thou, too, thy beauties and thy fire decline. With morn to rise, in lovelier charms arrayed. Thus from Arabia, borne on golden wings, The phoenix on the sun's bright altar dies, But from his flaming bed refulgent springs, And cleaves with bolder plume the sapphire slcies." T. Mavrice. The Egyptians consecrated the lotus to the god of elo- quence, and it forms part of the head-dress of Osiris, The East Indian gods are often represented in the midst of 'water, 116 DICTIONARY OF TBE seated on a lotus flower. Perhaps it may be an emblem of the world issuing from the deep. In Moore's Lalla Rookh, we read of " Those virgin lilies, all the night Bathing their beauties in the lake, That they may rise more fresh and bright "When their beloved suu^s awake." Camdeo, or Cama, the Indian Cupid, has his nest " in the water lily's breast," and floats on its leaves. The true lotus is the red nymphaea of Hindustan. The blue lotus, according to Sir William Jones, grows only in Cashmere and Persia. The rose-colored water lilies of Bengal resemble our own white ones, except that they are of larger size. We give Mr. Caldwell's translation of the pretty lyric of Geibel, "Die stille Wasser rose." " The quiet water lily Floats on the lakelet blae; Its soft leaves glow and glisten, Its cup of snowy hue. The fair moon smileth on her, Through all the summer night, And on her fragrant bosom Fours all her golden light. Over the rippling water Glideth a snow-white swan; He singeth sweet and softly. The lily gazing on. He singeth sweet and softly; Thus will his death-song flow; O flower, snow-white flower. Dost thou its meaning know ? " XlncliantiueiiLt, Vervain, See p. 60, LANGUAGE OF FLO WEES. 117 Xjncouragemextt, Golden Rod. This flower, so common in the autumn, was anciently much valued, and used in medicine. Gerarde says, after alluding to the high price it brought till discovered growing near London, " This verifieth our English proverbe, ' Far fetcht and deere bought is best for the ladies.' Thus much I have spoken to bring these new-fangled fellowes back againe to esteeme better of this admirable plant." Sndurance, Pine. The pine disdains the peaceful quiet of the garden ; it loves to bathe its head in the dew of the clouds, and feel its foli- age beaten by the winds. Stripped of its branches, it floats on the ocean, to brave the tempests there. Xlnergy In adversity, Camomile. Camomile grows the more by being trampled on. Its bitter aromatic flowers are well known for their virtues. " He the root Of broad angelica, and tufted flower Of creeping camomile, impregnates deep With powers carminative." Dodsley. Eavy, Briers. Error, Bee Orchis. This flower bears so striking a resemblance to a honey-bee, as to frequently deceive. Esteem, Sage. The sage is justly esteemed for its medicinal and culinary virtues. The flowers of some of the species are exceedingly brilliant and beautiful. The ancients have left us several proverbs' showing their 118 DICTIONABT OF THE appreciation of tMs heib. Among them -vre find the fol- lowing : — " Salvia cum ruta faciunt tibi pocula tuta." " Salvia salvatrix, naturae conciliatrlx." " Cur moriatur homo cui salvia crcaoit in liorto ? Contra vim mortis non est medicamen in bortis." Faltb, Passion Mower. The different species of the passion flower are natives of South America. The name was given by the missionaries who first discovered it, as they saw in it the emblems of our Saviour's passion. The ten petals were supposed to indicate the ten faithful apostles ; the stamens, a glory j the purple thi-ead around the style, the crown of thoi-ns ; the style, the pillar of scourging! the tendrils, the cords; the leaves, the hands ; the three divisions of the style, the three nails ; one of the five stamens, a hnmmer ; the other four, the cross. The time of three days between its opening and closing, LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. 119 completed the parallel, in the eyes of the simple and pious fathers. Falsehood, Buglou. See p. 26. Falseness, Mamchineel Tree, Its fruit looks very good, and, by its agreeable odor, invites one to taste ; but its soft, spongy flesh contains a milky, per- fidious juice, which is at first insipid, but soon becomes so caustic as to bum the Ups, the palate, and the tongue. Trav- ellers say that the best remedy against a poison so violent, is the water of the sea, on whose shores this tree always grows. False Blches, Sunflamer. See p. 63. Fecundity, Hollyliock. The Chinese represent Nature crowned with these flowers. The hollyhock was brought from Syria, in the time of the crusades. Festl-rlty, Parileil. See p. 75. Fidelity, Speedwell, or Veronica. One of the loveliest flowers in all the realm of nature. Tennyson does not forget " The little speedweU's darling blue." And Dupont, in his charming piece. La Vironigue, says that it is a dewdrop tinged by reflected light, which Aurora has transformed to a flower. He goes on to say, — " O fleur iDSaisissable et pure, Saphir dODt nul ne salt le prix, MeIez-rou8 a la chevelure De celle dont je suis ^pris ; 120 DICTIONARY OF TBE Folntillez dans la monsseline Be Bou blanc pei^oir entr'ouTert, £t dans la porcelaine fine Oil sa livre bolt le tb^ vert. * * ♦ O r^roniques, sous les chines Fleurissez pour lee eimples cceurB, Qui, dans les traverses bumames, Vont chercbant Ics petites fleurs," Fidelity In misfortune, WaU Flower. See p. 61, Finesse, Sweet William, Fire, Fraxinella. In a warm, dry day, a gas exhales from the fraxinella, which forms an inflammahle atmosphere around it, easily ignited by the approach of a lighted candle. First emotions of love, lAlac, See p. 18. Flame, German Iris. The German peasants sometimes plant this flower on the roofs of their cottages. The sun, gilding the petals as they wave in the breeze, produces a flame-like appearance. Flattery, Venua's Looking Glass. It is related that Venus dropped one of her mirrors. A shepherd picked it up, and as soon as he looked in it, forgot his mistress, and thought only of admu-ing himself, for the mirror had the gift of making beautiful all who looked in it. Love, fearing the consequences of such a silly error, broke the toy, and changed its fragments into this pretty campanula, which still retains its name. Folly, Colunibine. Its flowers, resembling a fool's-cap, gave rise to this emblem. LANGUAGE OF FLOWBBS. 121 Foreslgbt, BoUy. See p. 82. Forgetfnlnesg, Satin FIoukt, or Bonesty Kene, Duke of Bar and Lorraine, having been taken pris- oner at the battle of Thoulongeau, painted with his own hand a branch of this plant, and sent it to his people to reproach them for their tardiness in delivering him from captivity. It seems to have been used in magical incantations, for we find in Drajrton, — " Enchanting Lnnarie here lies, In sorceries excelling." And in Lalla Kookh, Namouna puts in the chaplet of Nourmahal " the white moon-flower, as it shows, On Serendib's higfh crags, to those Who near the isle at evening sail." Forget me not, Forget-me-not, See p. 60. . Forgiveness at Injnrles, Cinnamon Tree. *^ The dream of the injured, patient mind. That smiles with the wrongs of men. Is found in the brnised and wounded rind Of the cinnamon, sweetest then." Moore, The cassia of commerce must not be confounded with the cassia which bears a beautiful yellow flower in our green- houses. Forsaken, Common Widow. Fragility, Fuchsia. Frankness, Osier, Fraternal love, Syringa, A king of Egypt, one of the Ptolemys, was celebrated fijr 11 122 DICTIONARY OF THE his love to his brother. His surname, Philadelphus (loving Ms brother), was given to this species of syringa, which was consecrated to his memory. Friendship, Ivy. See p. 66, Frivolous amnsement, Bladder Tree, Frugality, Succory, Endive, or Chiccory. This plant is mentioned by Horace : — " me pascunt olivae, Me cichorea, levesque malvse.'* It is useful in medicine, being of cooling and antiscorbutio properties. CF«uliig, Piane, or Platant. Giddiness, Almond Tree. See p. 19. Glory, Laurel. See p, 81. Good education, Chffrry Tree, LANGUAGE OF FL0WEB8. 123 Good fortune, Mugwort. See p. 47. Goodness, Snowball, or Guelder Rose. Grace, Birch, Coleridge calls the birch the "lady of the v and Gerald Massey writes, — " ZaAj of the forest Ib the silver birk; Shimmering in the sunshine, Shivering at the mirk : * * * 'Hid the dance of colors And semitones of green. Gleams this daintier spirit That in leafdom is the queen." A wine made from the juice of the bu-ch was once highly esteemed. The fragrant Russia leather used in bookbinding is prepared with the empyreumatic oil of the birch. Grandenr, Aeh. The miraculous tree Ygdrasil of the Edda, with its top reaching to heaven and its roots to hell, was an ash. Gratitude, Cam^Uia, Agrimony. The camellia japonica, as its name shows, comes to us from Japan, and is the ornament of every garden in that country and in China. It well repays careful cultivation. The name camellia is from George Camellus, a missionary, and author of a work on botany. Agrimony has a bitter and slightly aromatic taste. Cattle dielike it, but it is thought to have some useful medicinal qualities. Grief, Garden Marigold. See p. 56. 124 DICTIONABT OF TBE Happiness, Sweet Sultan, A native of Turkey. Hatred, BasU. The Greek name of this herb signifies royal; but its identity with, or similarity to, that of a fabulous creature supposed to kill by a single glance, has caused basil to become' the emblem of hate, hatred being said to have eyes like the basilisk. Poverty is sometimes figured as a woman covered with rags, seated beside a plant of basiL Healing, Balm of GUead. The true balm of Gilead, produced by the Amyris Gile- aderms, is never to be met with pure, except in the East ; and therefore its place is usually supplied by the American balm of Gilead, which exudes from a beautiful 'species of fir, and resembles the Oriental balm in most of its essential qualities. Heart left to desolation. Chrysanthemum, The pretty flowers that enliven the autumn with their varied LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. 125 hues ought surely to be emblems of some more cheerful senti- ment than this. China is the native country of the chrysan- themum, as of many other of our most valued flowers, whence it was introduced into Europe in 1789. It is a favorite with gardeners throughout India, and very beautiful dwarf plants of it are reared for in-door decoration. BCidden merit, Coriander. The aromatic seeds of this plant are much used by confec- tioners and physicians; but the odor of fresh coriander is insufferable, as the name koris expresses. Hope, Hawthdm, See p. 23, Horror, Serpent Cuctus. Hogpitality, Oak. See p. 73. HanUllty, Bindweed. I adore yon, Beliotrope. See p. 62. I am yonr captive, Peach Blossom. 11* 126 DICTIONART OF THE I cling to tbee, Vetch, or CMck Pea. X die it neglected, Laurestme. See p. 80. X feel your benefits, Flax. Linen, lace, and paper remind us every instant of this useful plant. The seeds are used in preparing poultices, and also make a useful drink ; while the oil expressed from them is invaluable to painters. Xllness, Garden Anemone. In some provinces the anemone is thought to poison the air, and cause various maladies. Ovid makes the anemone spring from the blood of Adonis. " ' Could Pluto's queen with jealous tary storm. And Mentha to a fragrant herb transform ? Yet dares not Venus with a change surprise, And In a flower bid her fallen hero rise?' Then on the blood sweet nectar she bestows; The scented blood in little bubbles rose, Little as rainy drops which fluttering fly. Borne by the winds along a lowering sky. Short time ensued, till where the blood was shed A flower began to rear its purple head; Such as on Punic apples is revealed, Or in the filmy rind but half concealed. Still here the fate of lovely forms we see, So sudden fades the sweet anemone. The feeble stems to stormy blasts a prey. Their sickly beauties droop and pine away; The winds forbid the flowers to flourish long, Which owe to winds their name in Grecian song." Tr. by Mtisden, Immortality, Amaranth. See p. 74. Impatience, Salsamine. The impatient seed-vessels of the balsamine burst open suddenly at the slightest touch. LANGUAGE OF FLOWEHS. 127 Importunity, Burdock. The burdock takes possession of good ground, from which it is very dliBcult to extirpate it. The attachment of the burrs to clothing is famiUar to all. Unprepossessing as the burdock appears, it seems to be a useful plant. The roots and stalks are said to be eatable, either boiled or in salad. Snails feed on its rough leaves, which are also used as a poultice ; and the seeds are recommended as good to fatten poultry. Kudependeiice, WUd Plum, This indocile tree dislikes to be pruned or transplanted. IndiiTeremce, Candy Tuft. I never tronMe, Rose Leaf. The well-known reply of Dr. Zeb to the academicians of Amadan illustrates this sentiment. Infidelity, TeUoio Hose. Ii^nstlce, Hop, Innocence, Innocence, or Houstonia cmmlea,' " It comes when wakes the pleasant spring, When first the earth is green; Four white or pale blue leaves it hath, With yellow heart between. It grows about a heap of stones, For there the dew will stay; It springs beside the dusty road, Where children are at play. It dots with stars the grassy bank That slopes adown the brook, And there it takes a deeper blue, And there a fresher look. 128 DICTIONART OF TBE "We pall thee Innocence, sweet one; And well it thee beseems, For thou art cherished in the heart, With childhood's sinless dreams." Mn. Seba Smith, Inspiration, Angelica. This beautiful plant, which grows in the remotest countries of the north, forms a crown for the Lapland poets, who be- lieve that its sweet odor gives inspiration. The Flora Medica says, " The leaf and seeds, when recent, and the root, both fresh and dried, are tonic and carminative, and may be considered the most elegant aromatic of our northern climes. By the Laplanders and Icelanders angelica is much in request, both as an article of food and for medi- cinal purposes. The former use it for many catarrhal and pectoral affections ; the stalks, roasted, are used by them as an article of food; and we are told, by Sir George Mackenzie, that the Icelanders eat the stems and roots raw with butter. In this country [England,] the tender stems are cut in May, and made into an agreeable sweetmeat. By Gerarde angelica is extolled as a panacea for all the ills of life." Intemperance, Grape, Pliny mentions a vine six hundred years old. The vine at Hampton Com-t, in the year 1816, produced a ton of grapes. Intrinsic wortH, Gentian, The name is said to be derived from Gentianus, a king of lUyria. Some varieties of the gentian are used in medi- cine, the root being an excellent bitter. Brj'ant has sung the praises of the beautiful fringed gentian, and we quote LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. 129 a Bonnet, new, perhaps, to some of our readers, on this most lovely flower. SONNET TO THE FRINGED GENTIAN. " Oft had I beard thy beauty praised, dear flower. And often Bought for thee through field and wood; Yet could I never find the secret bower Where thou dost lead, in maiden solitude, A cloistered life, until, this autumn day. Beside a tree that shook her golden hair And laughed at death, flaunting her rich array, I found thee, blue as the still depths of air Seen leagues away, between the pine-wood bonghg. O, never^yet a gladder sight hath met These eyes of mine ! Depart, before the snows Of hastening winter thy fringed garments wet ! Thine azure flowers should never fade nor die. But bloom, exhale, and gain their native sky." The New Path, Oct., 1865. I prefer yon. Base Geranium. Irony, Sardonia. This plant, of the ranunculus family, has some resemblance to pai'sley. It contains a poison, which contracts the mouth so strangely, that the person appears to laugh while dying. Hence the expression, a sardonic laugh. I shall not survive yon. Black MuTberty, The reader is referred to the history of Pyramus and Thisbe, in La Fontaine. 1 share yonr feelings. Double Daisy. See p. 90. I snrmonnt everytliiug, Mistletoe. See p. 78. I vrlU think of it, Single Field Daisy. See p. 88. 130 DICTIONARY OF TBE Jojr, Wood Sorrel, or OxalU. Justice shall be done yon, Fragrant CoUa/oot. Seep. 70. Keep your promises, Plum Tree. This tree blossoms profusely every year ; but unless some of this useless ornament is removed, it bears fruit only every third year. LANGUAGE OP FLOWERS. Xiastlng beauty, Comnwn GlUyflmcer. See p. S4. Iie-rlty, Iilgbtnegg, Larkspur. liife, Lucem, Liove, Myrtle. Sed Daimash Hose, See pp. 21i 36. linxary, Horterchextnut. See p. 18. Kfi^estjr, WMte LUy. See p. 63. 132 DICTIONAUT or THE Maternal love, MoSB, See p. 79. meanness. Dodder. The seed of the dodder germinates in the ground ; but as soon as its stem encounters that of another plant, it fastens itself to it; the root dries up, and it lives entirely at the expense of the other. Like a vile parasite, it absorbs all the juices of its supporter, and soon kills it. Melaucholjr, TTegMnff Willow. Dead Leaves. See p. 18. ** The melancholy days are come. The saddest of the year, Of wailing winds, and naked woods. And meadows brown and sere. Heaped in the hollows of the grove. The withered leaves lie dead; They rustle to the eddying gust, And to the rabbit's tread." Bryant. A modern French poet, V. de Laprade, has also written a beautiful poem, beginning Feuilles, tomhez. Message, Common Garden Iris. There are more than thirty varieties of the iris. Its varied and beautiful colors have caused it to be named from the lovely messenger of the gods. Orris root is the root of the Florentine iris. The Persian iris is very fragrant. Misau^Jbiropy. Teasel. Mistrust, iMvender, It was formerly believed that asps had their lurking-places under lavender, and therefore this plant was approached with mistrust. Lavender is a grateful perfume, and a specific for headaches and nervousness. LANGUAGE OF PLOWEBS. 133 modest Worth, Primrose. See p. 24. Modesty, Blue Tiolet. See p. 92. mourning. Purple Scabious, or Mourning Bride, Cypress. See p. 71> SCnslc, Seeds. Pan formed the Arcadian pipe from tlie reeds into which Syrinx was transformed. niy best days are past, Meadow Saffron. Seep. 68. 9xy gratitude exceeds your cares, Dahlia. Seep. 65. Walvetfe, Silver Weed- Native grace. Cowslip. Shakspeare makes the servant of the fairy queen say,- "The cowslips tall her penslonere be; In their gold coata spots you see: Those be rubies, fairy favors; In those freckles live their savors : I must go seek some dew-drops here. And hung a pearl in every cowslip's ear. 12 134 DICTIONARY OF THE nVeatnegg, Broom, The broom ia found wild in Europe. It is a fragrant, papil- ionaceous, yellow flower. Burns says in his Caledonia, — " Their groves of sweet myrtle let foreign lands reckon, Where bright beaming; summers exalt the perfume; Far dearer to me yon lone glen o' green tareckan, Wl' the bum stealing under the lang yellow broom." And Shakspeare mentions "broom grores. Whose shadow the dismissed bachelor lores. Being lass-lorn." IVoTelty, DaWa. See p. S5. Obstacle, Sest-harrow. See p. 27. Occnpatlon, Foxglove. Bhind says, " The beauty of this plant has recommended it to the notice of the florist, and it is accordingly often found in the garden parterre. It also forms an ornamental and conspicuous object in many woodland and mountain scenes in Scotland and Wales. Among the country people it has LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. 135 received various names. In the south of Scotland it is still called ' bloody fingers ; ' in the north, ' dead man's bells.' In Wales it is called ' fairies' gloves.' Fairies were often called 'folks;' hence, no doubt, the origin of the common name 'folk's glove,' and not, as misspelled, foxglove." The foxglove has very powerful medicinal qualities, especially in dropsy, and to retard the circulation. It requires to be administered with great caution, being a violent poison. The Italians value it so highly that they have a proverb, " Aralda tutte le piaghe sana'' (Foxglove cures all hurts). There are two kinds, the purple or red, and the white. A poet writes, — " Here the spotted foxglove dwells. Kinging oft its fairy belle; And its sister, purely white. Makes the shady places bright. Like that maiden mild and young By Spenser's magic numbers sung." Oracle, Dandelion. The dandelion is used as a salad, as greens, as a bitter, and to prepare a. kind of cofiee. Its feathery seed-globes are made to give various prophecies; hence its meaning, oracle. Ornament, Hornbeam. Under the najne of charmille, this fine tree was formerly the principsd ornament of the great gardens of France ; and one can still see at Versailles how the famous Le N6tre employed it in his compositions. Father Bapin has eulogized it in verse. Ostentation, Peony. The peony was called from the Greek Pseon, who is said to have used it in medicine, and cured Pluto, by its means, of a 136 DICTIONARY OF THE wound inflicted by Hercules. There are two kinds of the peony. The herbaceous one is found native in Europe and Asia; the shrubby one comes from China and Japan. Painful recollections, Flos Adonis, See p. 52* Patience, J^atience. A kind of dock. Patriotism, Nasturtium. Peace, Olive. Neptune disputed with Minerva about naming the new city of Athens, and it was agreed that the one who gave the best gift to man should give the name. Neptune produced the horse, Minerva the olive tree, and she was victorious. An English author says of the olive tree, "It has been compared to a willow; it differs, however, very materially LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. 137 in its color, having none of that sickly hue of bluish green which gives such a peculiar coldness to the landscapes of some of the Dutch painters. The upper side of the leaf has precisely that tint familiarly known by the name of olive. The under side is of shining whiteness, and as the foliage is turned up by the lightest breeze, its progress over the valleys covered Vfith olive gardens becomes visible in the form of a silver cloud gliding across the landscape. The inhabitants of the south of Europe employ the oil expressed from the fruit of this tree for the same purposes as we employ butter, and feel at least as much dislike to the produce of the dairy, as an article of food, as we may feel to the use of oil." Buffini has set this last fact charmingly before his readers in the beautiful story of " Doctor Antonio." Pensive beauty, Ldbumum, Pensiveness, Cowslip, Perfect excellence, Strawberry. See p. 33. Perpetual pleasure, Everlasting Pea, Perseverance, Magnolia. The magnolia grandijlora is the most superb vegetable production of the New World. Its region is from South Carolina to the Isthmus of Darien. We are also told that it is found in China. The peculiar and fascinating odor of the magnolia flower can never be forgotten if once inhaled. Petulance, Barberry. The flowers of this shrub are so irritable, that at the slight- est touch the stamens contract around the pistil. 12* 138 DICTIONARY OF THE Platonic love, Lo(MSt. See p. 62i Pleasantry, Balm Mintt or Lemon Balm, An infusion of it tends to exhilarate. Poetry, Eglantme. See p. IS, Pofver, Crown Imperial. Preference, Apple Blossom, Presage, Bainy Marigold, This flower, in dry weather, opens at seven and closes at four. If it does not open, or closes before its hour, it is considered a sure sign of rain. Presumption, Snapdragon, Pretension, Willow Berb, This pretty plant seems to take delight In viewing itself in the water j like a pretentious woman enamoured of her own charms. Pride, Amaryllis. Gardeners call this beautiful plant proud, because it often refuses to flower under careful culture. The name of these plants is derived from a Greek verb signifying to shine. Privation, Indian Plum, or Myrobolan, The fruit has the color and look of a . fine cherry, but contains only an insipid, sickening juice. Even the birds refuse to eat them. Profit, Cabbage, Proliibltlon, Privet, or Prim, See p. SI. LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. 139 Promptness, Stoch Gillyfiower. Prosperity, Beech, Gilbert White calls the beech " the most lovely of all forest trees, whether we consider its smooth rind or bark, its glossy foliage, or graceful, pendulous boughs." Old Evelyn says, "They make spreading trees, and noble shades with their well-furnished and glistering leaves.'' And Miller writes, " Not that the color of the oak is be compared to the rich orange hue of the beech, which is, beyond question, the most beautiful of all autumnal colors to an eye that loves a deep blaze." In the olden times, beds, light and fragrant, were made from beech leaves. The oil from beech nuts is said to be but little inferior to olive oil. Prudence, Service Tree. Lemon. See p. 77. The lemon tree is proverbial for its fertility. In 18 1^, a wager was laid between a gentleman of Massa and the Marchess Calani of Spezzia, that a lemon tree at CresuUo, half a mile from Massa, would produce fourteen thousand lemons. It exceeded that number. Pure and deep love, Carnation. Seep. 19. Pmre love, Bed Pmk. Pnrlty, Star of BaiMiem,. White Viola, White LUy. See p. 53. 140 DICTIONARY OF THE Barlty, Man^ahe. < " Not poppy, nor mandragors, Nor all the drowsy sirnps of the world Shall ever medicine thee to that eWeet sleep Which thou ow'dst yesterday," Shi^espeare. The ancients attributed great virtues to the mandragoia ; but as they have left us no exact description of the plant, we are ignorant to what species they gave the name. Charlatans, by a gross artifice, sometimes make several roots assume the shape of a man, and tell the credulous that they are true mandrakes, found only in an almost inaccessible part of China. They are fabled to utter cries when pulled up, and the person who uproots them is supposed to die soon after. To procure this root, they say it should be carefully uncovered, and pulled up by means of a string attached to a dog, which then bears the penalty of the impious deed. Beason, Ooat's Jtue. This plant is thought useful in cases of disordered intel- lects. LANQUA6B OF FLOWERS. 141 Beconclliatlon, Bazel. " Te swains, now hasten to the hazel bank, Where down yon dale the wildly winding brook Falls hoarse from steep to steep. In close array. Fit for the thickets and the tangling shrub, Ye virgins, come. For you their latest song The woodlands raise; the clustering nuts for yon The lover finds amid the secret shade. And where they burnish on the topmost bough "With active vigor crushes down the tree. Or shakes them ripe from the resigning busk." Tlumison. The hazel was said to have been imported into Italy from Fontus ; hence the Roman name, nux pontica, ■which was changed later to nvjx avellana, from a Neapolitan city where it was cultivated. The filbert is not a distinct species, but a mere variety of hazel. Gower tells us, — " PhilUs Was shape into a nutte-tree. That all men it might see; And after PhilUs, Philberd This tree was cleped," But Rhind says filbert is a corruption of fuU-htard, a word applied to designate the large, fringed husk. As the wood of the hazel is very flexible, it is applied to various uses. Of it are made hoops for barrels, hurdles, fishing-rods, crates, poles, and walking-sticks. In Italy the chips are used to clear turbid wine. Withering informs us that in some places the twigs take the place of yeast. Hazel charcoal is prized by artists, as it draws freely, and rubs out easily. The caduceus of Mercury was supposed to be a hazel wand, given him by Apollo. Begret beyond the tomb, A^lMdel. The ancients planted this flower beside tombs, and believed 142 DICTIONARY OF THE that beyond Acheron the spirits walked in a vast field of asphodel, drinking the water of Lethe. Remembrance, Rosemary. " There's rosemary —that's for remembrance; pray you, love, remember." •'For you, there's rosemary and rue; these keep Seeming and savor all the winter long; Grace and remembrance be to you both." " Stick your rosemary On this fair corse." Shaktpewre. Kosemary is used at christenings, weddings, and funerals. It blossoms about Christmas, and our ancestors used to stir up with a branch of rosemary the spiced Christmas tankard. Herrick, in allusion to its different uses, says that it " Grows for two ends ; it matters not at all Be it for my bridal, or my burial." This aromatic plant has had a merited reputation, from the most ancient times, as a remedy in headaches and nervous disorders. It forms the principal ingredient in the celebrated Eau de la Seine de Hongrie, or Hungary Water. Henry Kirke White wrote, — TO THE HERB ROSEMARY. " Sweet-scented flower ! who 'rt wont to bloom On January's front severe, And o'er the wintry desert drear To waft thy waste perfume ! Come, thou shalt form my nosegay now, And I will bind thee round my brow; And as I twine the mournful wreath I'll weave a melancholy song; And sweet the strain shall be and long, The melody of death. LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. 143 Come, funeral flower, who lov'st to dwell With the pale corse in lonely tomb. And throw'st across the desert gloom A sweet decaying smell, — Come, press my lips, and lie with me Beneath the lowly alder tree; And we will sleep a pleasant sleep, And not a care shall dare intrude To break the marble solitude, So peaceful and so deep," Bemorge, Raspberry. BendezTous, Pimpernel. Its punctuality in opening and closing makes it a fit emblem for an appointment. Bepose, Suckbean, See p, 21, Beserve, Maple. The maple has been made the emblem of reserve, because its flowers are slow to open, and very long in falling. Besistance, Tremella Nostoc, or Nostoc Commwne. Nothing positive is known about this gelatinous plant, which seems a link between -the animal and vegetable kingdoms. It was celebrated among the alchemists, who thought it an emanation from the stars, and used it in searching after the philosopher's stone and the universal panacea. Betlrement, Harebell. The Lady of the Lake says, as she plucks a harebell, — . " This little flower, that loves the lea, -May well my simple emblem be; It drinks heaven's dew as blithe as rose That in the king's own garden grows; And when 1 place it in my hair, Allan, a bard is bound to swear He ne'er saw coronet so fair," 144 DICTIONARY OF TBM " Hare ye ever beard, in the twilight dim, A low, soft Btrain, That ye fancied a distant vesper hymn. Borne o'er the plain By the zephyrs that rise on perfumed wlngf, When the sun's last glances are glimmering? * * * * The source of that whispering strain I'll tell; For I've listened oft To the music faint of the blue hareb^. In the gloaming soft; 'Tis the gay fairy folk the peal who ring At eventime for their banqueting. And gayly the trembling bells peal out With gentle tongue, While elves and fairies career about, 'Mid dance and song: O, roses and lilies are fair to see. But the wild bluebell is the flower for me." Wild Flowers. Betnm of bapplnegg, Lily of the Valley. See p. 30, Reverie, Osmwnda. No one can form an adequate idea of the beauty of the osmunda regalis, according to Curtis, who has not seen this fern growing in the southern part of England, where, sheltered by alders, it grows to the height of five feet, bearing at the extremities a mass of fructification so conspicuous as to have caused it to be commonly known as flowering fern. Its virtues are highly extolled by ancient authors. " Osmonde," says the translator of Dodonceus, " is hoate in the first degree, and dry in the second. The harte of the root of osmunde is good against squattes or bruises, heavie or greeyous falles, and whatever hurt or dislocation soever it be." Bloltea, Corn. Bongbnegs, Scratchweed, LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. 145 Anptnre, Greek Valerian, or PoUmcmy. The name is from Polemos, which means war, because, as Pliny assures us, several kings disputed for the honor of having discovered it. Sadness, Tew. See p. 88. Sensibility, Verbena. The original of all the numerous verbenas now cultivated was the verbena melindres, or common scarlet, carried from South America to England. These flowers are of such varied and beautiful tints, and so easy of cultivation, that we could ill spare them from the flower bed or window. Sensltlvenegg, Sensitive Plant, or Mimosa. Serenade, Dew Plwni. The resemblance to dew-drops of the little transparent vesicles in the leaves of this plant probably caused the con- flection of ideas with evening music. Slgblng, Aspen. 13 146 DICTJONART OF TBE Silence, White Base, See p. 43. SUIlness, Scarlet Geramium, See p. 70, Simplicity, Wild Single Bote. , Sincerity, Fern, Thomas Miller says, " The very name of the fern calls up the forest, where it still lives on, though ages ago the mighty oaks have been felled — there it still spreads, true to its native soil, the hardy image of deep-rooted sincerity. It is associated with our oldest fairy legends, and our simple ancestors believed that they had but to find the true fern seed, and carry it about with them, to become invisible." SlUll, Spider Orchis. This flower resembles the insect into which Arachne was transformed by Minerva, and which, under its hideous form, has lost nothing of her skill. Sleep, White Poppy. The palace of Somnus was a cave near the Cimmerians. Poppies grew before the entrance, and Morpheus, his prime minister, watched over his couch, a vase in one hand anJt poppies in the other. The poets have drawn many fini similes &om this flower, as for instance, — " Ab Ml-blown poppieB, overcharged with rain, Decline the head, and, drooping, kiss the plain. So BiukB the youth." Pope's Bomer, " But pleasures are like poppies spread ; You seize the flower, its bloom is shed," Bv/rm, Solitude, Heath. See p. 31. LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. 147 Sorcery, Enchanted NigMshade, Sourness, Barberry, Stoicigm, Box, Btren^b, Fmnel, The gladiators mixed it with their food to give them strength; and after the games of the arena, the victor was crowned with fennel. Milton speaks of the " smell of sweetest fennel ; " and Long- fellow says, in the " Goblet of Life," — " Above the lowly plants it towers. The fennel, with its yellow flowers ; And in an earlier age than ours Was gifted with the wondrous powers Jjost vision to restore," Superior merit. Moss Hose. See p. 44. Snrety, Cistus. Aristotle assures us that this plant preserves those who hold it in their hands from spirits and phantoms. Suspicion, Mushroom, Some kinds of mushrooms are edible, and others, resembling them closely, are very poisonous. Sfreet disposition, Lavatera, The lavatera is an extremely delicate and lovely garden mallow. It is called after the celebrated physiognomist Lavater. Sweet memories. Periwinkle. See p. 20. Sympatliy, -Thrift. 148 DICTIONARY OF TBE Taste, Faehlwi. This graceful plant is a native of Mexico, and was named from L. Fuchs, a German botanist. Tears, Elecampaiie, or Helenium. ■ It was fabled to have sprung from the tears of Helen. Temptation, Quince. The quince is found in a wild state in Austria. Pliny says it was brought into Italy from Cydon, in Crete j hence its botanical name, malus cydonia. It is also described undet the names of pyrus cydonia and cydonia vulgaris. The far- famed apples of the Hesperides were most probably quinces- The French call the quince tree coignassier, because, according to Du Hamel, the unpleasant odor of the fruit caused it to be planted in a remote corner {coin) of the orchard or garden. In New England, the smell is generally considered rather pleasant than otherwise. In the south of France, the marma- lade called cotignac is prepared from this fruit. The word LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. 149 marmalade is said to come from the Portuguese name of the quince, marmdo. The seeds are used for jelly, bandoline, and mucilage, though these last preparations do not keep long. Quince pie was anciently esteemed a delicacy. In Komeo and Juliet, the nurse tells Lady Capulet, — " They call for dates and qiunces in the pastry." Tbe Graces, HuTidred-Leaved Base, When the Graces attend the Muses, they wear wreaths of this rose. Tbonght, Pansy. "And there is pansies; that's for thoughts." Shakspeare, " Lilies for a bridal bed, Koscs for a matron's head, Violets for a maiden dead; Fansies let my flowers be." There is no end of fanciful names for this flower, such as, three faces under a hood, heart's-ease, kiss-me-quick, ladies'- delight, love-in-idleness, and, among the Germans, little step-, mother. Shakspeare's famous compliment to Queen Eliza- beth gives us its origin': — ; " That very time I saw (but thou conldet not), Flying' between the cold moon and the earth, Cupid all armed: a certain aim he took At a fair vestal, throned by the west, And loosed his love-shaft smartly £roia his bow, As it should pierce a hundred thousand hearts. But I might see young Cupid's fiery shaft Quenched in the chaste beams of the watery moon; And the imperial votaress passed on. In maiden meditation, fancy free. Yet marked I where the bolt of Cupid fell. It fell upon a little western flower. Before, milk-white ; now, purple with love's wound. And maidens call it love-in-idleaess." 13* 150 DICTIONARY OF TBE Time, White Poplar. This was made the emblem of time, because its leaves, dark on one side and bright on the other, represent day and night. Timidity, Four o'Cloch, or Marvel of Pern. See p, 69. Tranquillity, Gold Basket, This plant has been supposed to have the power of curing madness. Treachery, Whortleberry, or BucMeberry. Monkshood, or Aconite. CEnomaiis, father of the fair Hippodamia, had for a groom Myrtilus, the son of Mercury. Proud of this advantage, he required all the pretenders to his daughter's hand to compete with him in a chariot race. Pelops, who wished to obtain Hippodamia, promised Myrtilus a great reward if he would take out the pin which held his master's chariot wheels. He did so; thecar was upset, and CBnomaiis was killed; but, ex- piring, he besought Pelops to avenge him, which he did by throwing Myrtilus into the sea. Thrown back on the shore, Mercury changed him to this shrub, which resembles a little myrtle. Its pretty, bell-shaped flowers are succeeded by dark berries of an agreeable flavor. Professor Burnett says of aconite, " Its deleterious efiects were well known to the ancients, who regarded it as the most violent of all poisons, — being unacquainted with those of mineral origin, — and fabled it to be the invention of Hecate, who caused it to spring from the foam of Cerberus, Aconite is said to have been the principal ingredient in the poisonous cup that was mingled by Medea for Theseus : and it was the LANaUAQE OF FLOWERS. 151 poison employed to execute the barbarous law in the island of Ceos, which condemned to death all who were no longer useful to the state." It is now used as a powerful remedy in gout, rheumatism, paralysis, and intermittent fevers. Trutb, Bitteraweet, or Woody Nightshade. TTncertatnty, MocTc Orange. ITncIiaaigIng frlenidslUp, Arhor Vitss. TTnited bearts, Phlox, Cgelessnegg, Queen of the Meadow, 3feadou> Sweet, or Spinea, Uselessness is the universal signification of this pretty flower; but Mr. Miller well suggests that it be changed to Neglected Beauty. UtUlty, Graas.. See p. 17. 152 DICTIONARY OS THE Talu-glory, Byd/ra/ngea, or Bortenaia. A shrub from the East Indies, whose showy corymbs of changeable flowers, and handsome green leaves, formerly made it a great favorite. Valu ts beauty^ Trltbout merit, Cockle, and Rose Campion, Pretty, but scentless flowers, growing in or near corn- fields. We read in Job xxxL 40, " Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley." Variety, Double German Aster, See p. 61. Vice, Tares, See p. 51. Victory, Laurel. See p. 81. Voluptuouanegg, Tuberose, Mobs Rose, See pp. 61, H, LANOUAOE OF FLOWERS. 153 TTar, MlfoU, or Tasrrow. Achilles, whose name this plant hears in hotany, used it to heal the wounds of Telephus. Warmth o* leeling, Peppermint. Proserpina surprised Menthe in the arms of Pluto, and, justly irritated, changed her to a plant, whose double savor seems to contain the chill of fear and the warmth of love. Weafemesa, Mush Plant, 'Wealth, WIteat. See p. 55. Welcome, Trailing Arlmtus, Majfiower, or Ground Lawtl. " Art thou not dearer in Spring's first prime Than the fairest rose of the Summer time .' " " A charm hast thou no forest flower can boast. Thou little beaming herald of the Spring ! How thrilled thy smile when on our rock-bound coast The wearied pilgrims found thee blossoming ! 154 DICTIONARY OF TEE A blessing on thy graceful, perfumed bell, That bloomed in roseate tints for years unknown, And peered above the withered leaves to tell How in the wilderness God's love is shown." S. N. Jenki, Wisdom, WTvite Mulberry. Witliout preteuaion, Cimna'tnon Hose. There is a peculiar look of incompleteness and want of finish about this rose. Its color is very dull, compared with the rest of its glowing sisterhood, and the bush has an irregular, ragged growth. Yet it is often quite fragrant, and the leaf is sometimes very prettj'. It should always be gath- ered in bud. IVords, tlxongli s^veet, may deceive, Ainerican Laurel, The great beauty of this shrub does not prevent farmers from exterminating it on their lands, because it is so poisonous to their sheep. Tou are perfect, Pine-Apple. This fragrant fruit was introduced into Holland, from South LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. 155 America, about the middle of the Beventeenth century; and the Earl of Portland carried it to England in 1690. Thomson thus apostrophizes ■ it : — " Thou, the pride Of vegetable life, beyond whate'er The poets imaged ia the golden age, — Quick, let die strip thee of thy tufty coat, Spread thy ambrosial Btores, and feast with Jove," Xou are radiant \ritli cbamis. Garden Sanv/nculus, Tour beauty is -vain, Hibiscus, " I would be fair, but see the fair and proud. Like the bright sun, oft setting in a cloud.*' Wbtton. " Only a sweet and virtuous soul. Like seasoned timber, never gives. But, when the whole world turns to coal, Then cUefly lives." Herbert, " The body subject ia To fickle rortuue's power. And to a million of mishaps Is casual every hour; And death in time doth change It to a clod of clay; Whereas the mind, which is divine. Suns never to decay." Lord Vaux. The African hibiscus is a well-known annual in the flower garden, and those who have ever seen in some conservatory the superb variety rosa sinensis, or Chinese hibiscus, will not be likely to forget its exquisite richness of color. The Chinese are said to use the petals for blacking shoes. Xonr cKaimis are graven in my heart, Spyiidle Tree, The spindle tree makes pretty hedges. Its wood is used for spindles and pencils. Sculptors and turners also prize it. 156 LAlSfOVAQE OF FLOWEBS. Ttmix looka freeze vne. Ice PUmt, Tour presence re-vtves me, Boaema/ry. The Hungary Water, bo refreshing a toilet article, is made firom rosemary. Toot qualities surpass your cbanus, JUignonette, See p. S8. ITontb, White IMae. By its pvirity and short duration, this flower typifies youth. Tonthfnlness, Crocus, " The spendthrift crocne, hursting from the mould, Naked and shivering,' with liis cup of gold." Hohnes. DICTIONARY TEANSLATING A BOUQUET. Acacia (Common), ... v. Locust. Acacia (Hose), Elegance. Acanthus, Art. Adonis (Flos) Painful recollections. Agnus Castus, Coldness ; life without love. Agrimony, Gratitude. Almond, Giddiness; heedlessness. 14 (167) 158 DICTIONARY FOR Aloe, Bitterness. Amaranth, Immortality. Amaryllis Pride. Anemone (Garden), . . . Illness. Anemone (Windflower), . . Desertion. Angelica, . .- Inspiration. Apple Blossom, Preference. Arbor Vitae, Unchanging friendshipi Ash, Grandeur. Aspen Sighing. Asphodel, Begret beyond the tomb. Aster (Double German), . . Variety. Aster (Large-flowered), , . Afterthought. Bachelor's Button, . , . v. Bluebottle. Balm Mint, Pleasantry. Balm of Gilead, Healing. Balsamine, Impatience. Barberry, Petulance; sourness. Basil, Hatred. Bay, V. Laurel. Beech, Prosperity. Bee Orchis, v. Orchis. Bindweed, Humility. Birch, Grace. TBANSLATINi^ A BOUQUET. 15£ Bittersweet Nightshade, . . Truth. Black Bryony, . . . , v. Bryony. Black Mulberry, . . . v. Mulberry. Black Poplar, ...... Poplar. Blackthorn, or Sloe, . .' . Difficulties. Bladder Tree, Frivolous amusement Bluebottle, Delicacy. Blue Passion Flower, . . ». Passion Flower. Blue Violet, ». Violet. Borage Abruptness. Box, Stoicism. Briers, Envy. Brompton Stock, . . . v. Gillyflower. Broom, Neatness. Bryony (Black), Be my support. Buckbean, Calmness ; repose. Bugloss, Falsehood. Burdock, Importunity. Buttercup v. Crowfoot. Cabbage, Profit. Calla Feminine delicacy. Camellia, Gratitude. Camomile, Energy in adversity- Candytuft, Indifierence. 160 DICTIOlTARY FOB Canterbury Bell, .... Constancy. Cardinal Plower Distinction. Carnation, Pure and deep love. Celery Crowfoot, . . . v. Crowfoot. Cherry, A good education. Chestnut, Do me justice. Chiccory, Frugality. Chickpea, v. Vetch. Chickweed (Red), . . . v. PimperneL Chrysanthemum, .... A heart left to desolation- Cinnamon Tree, Forgiveness of injuries. Cinquefoil, A beloved daughter. Circe, V. Nightshade. Cistus Surety. Clematis, Artifice. Cockle, Vain is beauty without merit. Coltsfoot, Justice shall be done you. Columbine, Folly. Coreopsis, Always cheerful. Coriander, Hidden merit. Com . Riches. Corn Flower, v. Bluebottle. Corn Poppy, v. Poppy. Cornelian Cherry, .... Continuance ; duration. Cowslip, Native grace ; pensiveness. Crocus, Youthfulness. Crowfoot, Ingratitude. Crown Imperial Power. Cypress, Mourning. TBANSLATINO A BOUQUET. 161 rMy gratitude exceeds your cares; I novelty. Daisy (Garden), I share your feelings. Daisy (Single Field), ... I will think of it. Dandelion, Oracle. Datura, Deceitful charms. Dew Plant, Serenade. Dittany of Crete Birth. Dodder, Ebony Tree Blackness. Eglantine Poetry. Elder, Compassion. Elecampane, .- Tears. Enchanter's Nightshade, . v. Nightshade. Everlasting, Always remembered. Everlasting Pea, Perpetual pleasure. 14* 162 DICTIONABT FOB Fennel, Porce ; Btrength. Fern Sincerity. Filbert, ■». Hazel. Fir, Elevation. Flax, I feel your benefits. Flos Adonis, Painful recollections. Forget-me-not Forget me not. Four o'clock, . . . . w. Marvel of Peru. Foxglove Occupation. Fraxinella, Fire. Fuchsia, Taste; fragility. Gentian, . . . , . Geranium (Oak), . . Geranium (Rose), . . Geranium (Scarlet) , . Gillyflower (Common), Gillyflower (Stock), . Goats' Hue, . . . . Intrinsic worth. A melancholy mind. I prefer you. Silliness. Lasting beauty. Promptness. Beason. TRANSLATING A BOUQUET. 163 Gold Basket, Tranquillity. Grape Vine Intemperance. Grass, Utility. Greek Valerian, Kupture. Golden Rod Encouragement. Gorse, or Furze, Anger. Harebell, Hetirement. Hawthorn, Hope. Hazel Heconciliation Heart's-ease, i>. Pansy. Heath, Solitude. Heliotrope Intoxication ; I adore you. Henbane, Blemish; fault. Hibiscus, ' Beauty is vain. Holly, ...'....• Foresight. HoUyhodk, - Fecundity ; ambition. Honesty, ^ «. Satin Flower. Honeysuckle, Bonds of love. Hop, • . ■ Injustice. Hornbeam, ...... Ornament. Horse-chestnut, ..... Luxury. Houstonia, e. Innocence. Hyacinth, Benevolence. Hydrangea, . . . • . Vain-glory; heartlessness. 164 DICTIONARY FOR Ice Plant, Your looks freeze me. Indian Plum, Privation. Innocence, Innocence. Iris (Common Garden), . . Message. Iris (German), Flame. Ivy, Piiendship. Jasmine (White) Amiability. Jonquil Desire. Juniper, Asylum; aid. Laburnum, Pensive beauty. Larch, Boldness; audacity. Larkspur, Lightness ; levity. THANSLATINO A BOUQUET. 165 _ , ,-. . \ f Words, though sweet, may de- Laurel (American), . . . < ' I ceive. Laurel Glory ; victory. Laurestine, I die if neglected. Layatera, Sweet disposition. Lavender, Mistrust. Lemon Prudence. Lettuce Coolness* - ' Lilac (Purple), First emotion of love. Lilac (White) Youth. ■ • •Lily (Water) Eloquence. Lily (White), Majesty ; purity. Lily of the Valley Return of happiness. Linden, or Lime, .... Conjugal love. Liverwoi^t, Confidence. Locust Platonic love. Lucern, Life. Lupine, Dejection. Madder, Calumny. Magnolia, Perseverance. Maiden Hair Discretion. Manchineel Tree, .... Falseness. Mandrake Itarity. Maple Reserve. 166 DICTIONARY FOB, Marigold (Garden), . . . Grief; chagrin. Marigold (Rainy), .... A storm. Marigold and Cypress, . . Despair. Marshmallow, , Seneficence. Marvel of Peru Timidity. Mayflower, Welcome. Meadow Safiron, .... My. best days are past. Mezereon, Desire to please. [charms. Mignonette, ...... Your qualities surpass your Milfoil, War. Milkweed, ....... Hope in misery. Mistletoe, ....... I surmount everything. Mock Orange, Uncertainty. Monkshood, ...... Treachery. Morning Glory, Coquetry. Moss, Maternal love. Mugwort Good luck ; happiness. Mulberry (Black), .... I shall not survive you. Mulberry (White), .... Wisdom. Mushroom, Suspicion. Musk Plant, Weakness. Myrtle, Love. Narcissus, Egotism. Nasturtium, Patriotism. TRANSLATING A BOUQUET. 167 Nettle, Cruelty. Nightshade (Enchanter's), . Sorcery. Oak Hospitality. Oleander, Beware. Olive, Peace. Orange Flower, Chastity. Orchis (Bee) Error. Orchis (Spider), ..... Skill. Osier, Frankness. Osmunda, ....... Reyerie. Oxalis, V. Wood sorreL Pansy Thought. Parsley Festivity. Passion Flower Devotion ; faith. Patience, Patience. Peach Blossom, .- . . . . I am your captive. Peony Ostentation. 168 DICTIONARY POR Peppermint, Warmth of feeling. Periwinkle, Sweet memories. Phlox, Our hearts are united. Pimpernel, ...... Rendezvous ; change. Pine, Endurance. Pine-apple You are perfect. Pink (Red), Pure love. Plane, or Flatane, .... Genius. Plum Keep your promises. Plum (Indian), ...... Indian Plum. Plum (Wild) Independence. Polemony (Blue), . . . ti. Greek Valerian. Pomegranate, Conceits Pompion, or Pumpkin, . . Crossness ; coarseness. Poplar (Black), .... * Courage. Poplar (White) Time. Poppy (Com), Consolation. Poppy (White) Sleep. Potato, Benevolence. Primrose, Modest worth. Privet, or Prim Prohibition. Purple Scabious, .... Mourning. Queen of the Meadow, . . Uselessness. Quince Temptation. TBAN8LATIN0 A BOUQUET. 169 Banunculus (Garden), . . . You are radiant with charms. Beeds, Music. Eest-harrow Obstacle. Rhododendron, Agitation. Hose Acacia, v. Acacia. Bosebud, Confession of ioye. Hose (Cinnamon) Without pretension. Rose (Guelder), .... v. Snowball. Rose (Hundred-leaved), . . The Graces. Rose Leaf, I never trouble. Rose (Monthly) Beauty ever new. Rose (Moss) Superior merit; voluptuousness. Rose (Musk) Capripious beauty. Rose (Red Damask), . . . Love. Rose (White), Silence. Eose (Wild Single), , . . Simplicity. Bose (Yellow) Infidelity. {Bemembrance ; your presence revives me. Bue Disdain. Rush, Docility. 15 170 DICTIONARY FOR Saffiron Crocusj Do not abuse me. Sage, Esteem. Saint John's Wort, .... Animosity. Sardonia, Irony. Satin Flower, Forgetfiilness. Scratchweed, Roughness. Sensitive Plant, Sensitiveness ; modesty. Serpent Cactus, Horror. Service Tree, or Sorb, . . . Prudence. Silverweed, Naivete. Snapdragon, Presumption. Snowball, Goodness. [sity. Snowdrop, Consolation ; a friend in adver- Speedwell, Fidelity. Spider Orchis, ...... Orchis. [heart. Spindle Tree, Your charms are graven on my Spiraea, v. Queen of the Meadow. Star of •Bethlehem, .... Purity. Stock, V. Gillyflower. Strawberry, Perfect excellence. Succory v, Chiccory. Sumach Splendid misery. Sunflower, False riches. Sweet Basil, v. Basil. TRANSLATING A BOUQUET. 171 Sweet Brier, v. Eglantine. Sweet Pea, ...... Departure. Sweet Sultan, Happiness. Sweet William, ..... Finesse. Syringa, Fraternal love. Tare, Vice. Teasel Misanthropy. Thistle Austerity. Thorn Apple, Disguise. Thrift Sympathy. Thyme, Activity. Trailing Arbutus, . . . o. Mayflower. Tremella, Kesistance. Tuberose, Voluptuousness. Tulip, Declaration of love. Valerian (Common), . . . Accommodating disposition. Valerian (Bed), Facility. 172 DICTION ARY FOS Venus's Looking-glass, . . Flattery. Verbena Sensibility. Veronica v. Speedwell. Vervain, Enchantment. Vetch, I cling to. thee. Vine, V. Grape Vine. Violet (Blue), Modesty. Violet (White) Purity j candor. Virgin's Bower v. Clematis. Wall Flower, . Water Lily, . Weeping Willow, Wheat, ... White Lily, . White Mulberry, White Poplar, White Poppy, White Bose, . White Violet, Whortleberry, Wild Plum, . Wild Rose, . Willow (Basket), Willow (Common), . Fidelity in misfortune. V. Lily. . Melancholy. . Wealth. V. Lily. V. Mulberry. V. Poplar. V. Poppy. V. Rose. V. Violet. . Treachery. t). Plum. V. Rose. V. Osier. . Forsaken. TSANSLATING A BOUQUET. 173 Willow Herb, Pretension. Windflower, v. Anemone. Wood Sorrel, Joy. Wormwood, Absence. Yarrow, ». Milfoil. Yew, Sadness. Yoke Elm, V. Hornbeam. Zinnia, I moiam your absence. 15* " I mast flU np this osier cage of onrs With baleful weeds and precious juiced flowers, * * * * Kany for many virtues excellent, None but for some, and yet all dlS'erent'." " Flowers fresh in hue and many in their class, Implore the pausing step, and with their dyes Dance in the soft breeze In a fidry mass." Syron. (174) Ie introduce under this head a few plants, which, although they have not a meaning as- signed them as yet in Flora's vocabulary, are istill worthy of mention on account of their beauty, useiiilness, or the allusions made to them by various authors. (176) 176 APPENOJX. American, or False Co^vslip, Dodecatlieon media. The name signifies twdve divinities, and the flower is so beautiful that a botanist might well fable that the whole circle of the Grecian gods conspired to create it. Another plant, the caltha paltistris, is also called the American cowslip, but its more general name is marsh marigold. It is a brilliant yellow flower growing in wet places, but quite unlike our elegant dodecatheon, which blooms a little later. Apples ol Sodom. Solanum nodomeum. The famous " Dead Sea fruits that tempt the eye. But turn to ashes on the lips," mentioned by Josephus, yet often regarded as fabulous, are at last ascertained to be a kind qf purple egg-plant. An insect usually punctures the skin of the fruit, causing it, while outwardly fair, to gangrene and turn to dust within. In the Diary of Henry Teonge, an English fleet chaplain, he writes in December, 167d, " This country (around the Dead Sea) is altogether unfruitfuU, being all over full of stones, which looke just like burnt syndurs. And on some low shrubbs there grow small round things, which are called apples, but no M'itt like them. They are somewhat fayre to look at; but APPENDIX. 177 touch them, and they moulder all to black ashes, like soote, boath for looks and smell." Milton makes the fallen angels, changed to serpents, when their penance was aggravated by an image of the forbidden tree, pluck greedily " The fruitage fair to sight, like that which grew Near that bituminous lake where Sodom flamed; This, more delusive, not the touch, but taste Deceived; they, fondly thinking to allay Their appetite with gust, instead of fruit Chewed bitter ashes, which the offended taste With spattering noise rejected; oft they essayed, Hunger and thirst constraining; drugged as oft. With hatefnlest disrelish writhed their jaws. With soot and cinders tilled; so oft they fell Into the same illusion." Par, Loet, Booh X. Ajnun, IVakeroblii, Wild Tnmlp, JadK-ln-the-Fnlptt. Arum macuUUwm. This curious plant, found blooming in May in wet, shady places, bears spikes of scarlet berries late in the summer. The name arum is said to come from its leaves, shaped like an arrow or dart. The root, when fresh, contains a milky juice, very acrid, which is used in medicine as a stimulant. The acrimony is dissipated by drying and the application of heat, when the substance of the root becomes a bland farina- ceous matter resembling arrow-root. Powdered it is said to fiave a saponaceous quality. It is also used by the Parisians, eadly IVlghtshade. Atropa belladonna.' It is called Atropa, from Aliropos, the goddess of destiny, in allusion to its fatal effects ; and belladonna, because the fair ladies of the Continent formerly made use of it as a cosmetic. As a medicine it has great repute among the homoeopathic practitioners. Sauvages supposes it to be the plant which produced such strange and dreadful effects upon the Roman soldiers, during their retreat, under the command of Antony, from the Parthians. A Scotch historian relates that the Scots treacherously mixed its juice in the bread and drink with which the conditions of a truce bound them to supply the Danes. They were so intoxicated by it that the Scots killed the greater part of them before they had recovered consciousness. Dr. Wood- ville quotes the passage in Shakspeare where Banquo says, — *' Or have we eaten of the insane root That talces the reason prisoner ■' " Blackberry. Siibua triviaUs or vUlostu. Pliny speaks of a " mulberry growing upon briers," by whicfc the blackberry is thought to be intended. The delicious flavor of this fruit, and the virtues of the cordial made from it, are known to every good housekeeper ; and the plant, if attentively examined, will be found very beautiful. Although they may be familiar, we cannot resist giving here the lines of Elliot. APPENDIX, 179 TO THE BRAMBLE FLOWER. " Thy fruit full well the schoolboy knows, Wild bramble of the brake ! So put thou forth thy small white rose; I love It for his sake. Though woodbines flaunt and roses glow O'er all the fragrant bowers. Thou need'st not be ashamed to show Thy satin-threaded flowers; For dull the eye, the heart is dull, That cannot feel how fair. Amid all beauty beautiful, Thy tender blosRoms are ! How delicate thy gauzy frill! How rich thy branchy stem ! How soft thy voice when woods are still, And thou sing'st hymns to them! When silent showers are falling slow, And 'mid the -general hush, A sweet air lifts the little bough. Lone whispering through the bush ! The primrose to the grave is gone; The hawthorn flower is dead, The violet by the mossed gray stone Hath laid her weary head; But thou, wild bramble ! back dost bring. In all thy beauteous power. The fresh, green days of life's fair spring. And boyhood's bloomy hour. Scorned bramble of the brake ! once more Thou bidd'st me be a boy. To gad with thee the woodlands o'er, In freedom and in joy," When Titania gives Bottom in charge to the fairies, si commands them to " Feed him with apricocks and dewberries." Dewberries are the fruit of one species of the bramble ■ the rvbtts ccesius, according to Brande. 180 APPENDIX. BncUthom. Jthamnus caiharticus. The juice from the berries of the buckthorn, mixed with alum and gum arable, makes the sap green used in water colors. These berries are a violent medicine, and have a very unpleasant taste. The bark produce^ a fine yellow dye. Calceolaria. There seems to be an infinite variety of calceolarias, and they are favorite florists' flowers. They are all natives of Chili and Peru. The name comes from ealceolus, a slipper, owing to the shape of the flowers. Canarjr-blrd Flo-vrer. Tropeeolvm peregrimim. This graceful climber, known to the Spaniards as "pajaritos amarillos," also comes from Peru. It blossoms profusely, and, twisted around slender columns, makes a charming effect. Carrot. Daucus carota. The ancient Greeks seem to have cultivated the carrot, anU it has appeared on the tables of all the civilized nations ever since their time. Parkinson, who was botanist to King James I., tells us that in his time ladies wore the delicate, feathery leaves of the carrot in their head-dresses, instead of plumes. APPENDIX. 181 Catalpa. Catdtpa cordifolia* The name catalpa is of Indian origin. The showy flowers of this elegant tree grow similarly to those of the horse- chestnut. We have but one species indigenous to America. Celandine, or STrallOTT "Wort. Chelidonium majus. This acrid plant was. long considered a most effectual remedy for jaundice. It was also recommended for other diseases; but an eminent author says, " We have little doubt but that the virtues of celandine have been greatly exaggerated; in certain cases, however, we should expect to find it a useful remedy, for it evidently possesses active powers." It grows commonly along the roadside, and wherever the stem is broken sends out a yellow, milky juice, which stains like iron rust all it falls upon. The celandine which Wordsworth has compli- mented with a poem, was not this plant, but a flower, known as the lesser cdandine. {Ranunculus ficaria.) Centaury. Chironea cenfaurca, or Eryihrxa centaurium, " Wormwood and centaury their bitter juice To aid digestion's sickly powers refine." Dodstey. The centaur Chiron is said to have cured a wound in his foot with this plant ; hence its name. It is inodorous, but so bitter that it was called by the ancients /eZ terras, or gall of the earth. It has antiseptic properties, and before the discovery of the Peruvian bark, was in great esteem as a febrifuge. Christmas Rose, or Blacb Sellebore. HeUebortis niger. A native of Austria and Italy. It was introduced into Britain in 1596, and is called the Christmas Rose, because, in mild weather, it usually blooms at the end of the year. 16 182 APPENDIX. The blossom is very handsome, having five large white petals, tipped with rose. The root was used by' the ancients as a remedy for madness. Coffee. Coffea ardbica. The coffee berries, which we roast to make a beverage, grow on an evergreen, fifteen or twenty feet high, which is a native of Arabia and Ethiopia. The flowers are white and sweet- scented. The use of coffee as a drink is said to have begun in Constantinople in 1554. It was used in Marseilles in 1644' The first coffee-house in Paris was established by an Armenian named Pascal, in 1672 ; but he met with so little encouragement that he removed to London, where it had. been previously introduced in 1652. According to a recent traveller, Mr, Palgrave, we can never know the real excellence of coffee — the nectar in its perfection — till we go to Arabia. Cuckoo Bud. Simply the old name for the buttercup. Dentzla. Early in spring every greenhouse displays this pretty plant covered with a profusion of white blossoms. It is a native of CHna and Japan, and was called by Thunberg after John Deutz, a senator of Amsterdam, who furnished him with means for exploring those countiies. APPENDIX. 183 Bnpliragy, or Eyebrlgbt, Euphrasia offlcinalis. Milton wrote that, — " Michael from Adam's eyes the film removed Which that false fruit that promised clearer sight Had bred; then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much to see.'* Eyebright was formerly applied externally and taken inter- nally, as a soyereign remedy for all affections of the eyes. As it is clearly impossible that one thing could cure so many different diseases, arising from various causes, endeavors have been made to ascertain the real virtues of the plant. The result seems to be, that it is valuable in cases of weakness of the eyes, produced by over-exertion, or in old age. Fennel Floorer, Liove in a 9Iist, liady in the Green. NigeOa damascena. The seeds of this curious flower (which gave it the name of nigella, from their blackness) are very pungent in the East, and 184 APPENDIX, are used instead of pepper. We are told that they were probably the cumin, to which oiu: Lord alluded when re- proving the Pharisees. Fuclisia-floivered Gooseberry. Jtibes gpeciosum. Among the wonderful vegetable productions of California is this magnificent gooseberry. It grows to the height of five feet, and is sometimes covered for six weeks with brilliant Ecarlet flowers, whose long, drooping stamens have caused it to receive the appellation oi fuchsia-flowered. Giant Fennel. Ferula villoia. Prometheus is fabled to have brought fire from heaven in a stalk of this plant. It? stems grow ten or twelve feet high, and contain a pith, which, in the interior of Sicily, is still used for tinder. A Persian species of ferula produces the assqfcetida of medicine. Ground ]Vut, or Ilartli ]Vut. Bunium bulbocastanujn. This is an umbelliferous plant, with a root resembling a chestnut. Another kind of ground nut, the apios ttiberosa, or glycine apios, is common in America, and very nutritious. The Indians made great use of them in their simple diet. APPENDIX. 185 MemlodE. Conium maculatum and Otcuta virosa. Both the common hemlock and the water hemlock were probably known to the ancients, and both are poisonous. We are ignorant which kind was given to Socrates. The Greek and Arabian physicians were in the habit of using the hemlock juice externally for swellings and pains in the joints. Baron Stoerck, among the moderns, has recommended it for cancers, &c. Horseradlgb, CochUaria armorada. Horseradish is a most excellent and wholesome condiment. It is a strong stimulant, and has sometimes been used in place of mustard, in poultices. A sirup of this root is an excellent remedy for hoarseness and sore throat. Dr. Withering says, that an infusion of horseradish in milk is one of the safest and best cosmetics. Jemgalem Artichoke. Beliamthus tvberosus. The word Jerusalem is, in this case, a curious corruption of the Italian girasole, turning to the sun. It is a kind 16* 186 APPENDIX, of sunflower, and was very common in old-fashioned gardens. The roots, about the size of a potato, are thought to resemble artichokes in their taste. Judas' Tree, or Red-bud. , Cercia canadensis. The brilliant clusters of crimson flowers which adorn this tree in the spring, and its large heart-shaped leaves, render it a very attractive object. A botanist tells us, " I have often observed hundreds of the common humble bees lying dead under these trees while in flower." Its fatality to insects gives it the appellation of Judas' tree. There is also a tradition that Judas hung himself upon it. I.adleg' Slipper. CypHpedimn. A great many varieties of this curious and beautiful orchid are found wild in America. Some are yellow, some white, some purple. Xiady'a Smock. Cardamine. Frequent allusions to this flower are found in the early English poets. The name was given from the pure whiteness of the flowers, in the variety most common. It was also, for the same reason, dedicated to the Virgin Marj-, and called Our Lady's Plower. Another name is Cuckoo-flower. APPENDIX. 187 X Catalpa, 181 Celandine, . . . 181 Balm Mint, 138 Centaury, . 181 Balm of Gilead, . 124 Cherry, Cornel, . 78 Balsamine, . . 126 Chiccory, . 122 Barberry, . 137 Christmas Kose, 181 BasH, . 124 Chrysanthemum, 124 Bay, 81 Cinnamon Eose, 194 Beech, . 139 Cinnamon Tree, 121 Bee Orchis, 117 Cistus, . . . 147 Belladonna, 178 Clematis, 107 Birch, . 123 Cookie, . . . 152 Blackberry, 178 Cockscomb, . 75 Black Hellebore, 181 Coffee, . . . 182 Black Mulberry, 129 Columbine, . 120 Black Poplar, . . 112 Coriander, . 125 Bogbean, . 21 Cornelian Cherry, 76 Broom, . . 133 Country Life, . 197 Buckbean, . 21 Cowshp, 133 Buckthorn, . 180 Cowslip, American jrF alse , 176 Buglops, 20 Crocus, . . 156 Burdock, . 127 Cuckoo Bud, . 182 Butter and Eggs, . 194 Cuckoo Flower, . . 186 Cypress, . . . 71 Calceolaria, . Camellia, Camomile, . Caiiary-Bird Flower Cardinal Flower, ISO 123 117 180 114 Dahlia, 85 Daisy, Single, .... 88 Daisy, Double, .... 90 Dandelion, 135 INDEX. 211 Darnel, 51 Datura, 58 Dead Leaves, .... 132 December, 77 Deutzia, 182 Dewberries, 179 Dew Plant 115 Dictionary of the Language of Flowers, .... 105 Dictionary for Translating a Banquet, 157 Directions, 101 Dittany of Crete, ... 109 Dodder 132 Uglantine 45 Elder, Ill Elecampane, .... 148 Endive, 122 Euphrasy, or Eyebright, . 183 February, . . . . . 86 Fennel 147 Fennel, Giant, .... 184 Fennel Flower, .... 183 Fern, . . . . 146 Fireweed, . . 189 Flax, . . . 126 Floral Games, . 95 Flos Adonis, 52 Forget-me-not, . 60 Four o'clock, . 69 Foxglove, . 134 Fragrant Coltsfoot, • 70 Fraxinella, . 120 Fringed Gentian, 128 Fuchsia, 148 Fuchsia-Flowered Gooseberry, 184 Furze 106 Gardens 202 Garland of Julia, ... 99 Geranium, Scarlet, ... 70 German Iris, , . . . . 120 Gentian 128 Giant Fennel, .... 181 Gillyflower 61 Goat's Rue, 140 Gold Basket, .... 150 Golden Rod, .... 117 Gooseberry ,ruchsia-Flowered, 184 Gorse 106 Grape 128 Grasses, 17 Greek Valerian, ... 145 Ground Nut, ... 181 212 INDEX. Harebell 1« Hawthorn, 23 Hazel 1*1 Heart'B-ease W Heath, 31 Heliotrope, 62 Hellebore, Black, ... 181 Hemlock, 185 Hiblscne, 155 Holly, 82 HoHyhook 119 Honesty, 121 Honeysuckle 28 Hornbeam, 135. Horse-Chestnut, ... 18 Horseradish, 185 Houatonia, 127 Huckleberry 150 Hundred-Leaved Rose, . . 149 Hyacinth, 108 Hydrangea, 1S2 Indian Plum, Innocence, . Introduction, Iris, Iris, German, Ivy, . . Jack-in-the-Pulpit, ... 177 Jamestown Weed, . . . IW January 81 Jasmine, JS Jerusalem Artichoke, . . 163 Jeux Floraux, .... 95 Jonquil, 113 Judas Tree, 186 July, 47 June, 36 Juniper, 87 Kalmia • • 1^4 Ladles' Slipper, . . . 186 Ladies' Smock, . 186 138 Lady-in-the-Green, . . 183 127 Larch, 110 7 Large- Flowered Aster, . 106 132 Laurel, Bay, 81 120 Laurel, Mountain, . 154 66 Laurestine 80 INDEX. 213 Lavatera, Lavender, . Lemon, . Lilac, Lily, Water, Lily, White, Lily of the Valley, Lime, or Linden, Locust, . London Pride, . Love in a Mist, . Love-Iies-bieeding, Lnpine, . Lychnis, Magnolia, . Mauchiueel Tree. Mandrake, . Maple, . March, . Marigold, . Marigold, Bainy, Maijoram, . Marslimallow, Marvel of Peru, May, Mayflower, . Meadow Saffron. Meadow Sweet. ITignnnotte, Milfoil, . . 147 1S2 139 18 115 63 30 33 52 187 183 75 113 187 137 119 1-10 143 17 56 138 187 51 69 30 153 68 151 58 153 Mistletoe, .... 71? Monkshood, 150 Morning Glory, 62 Mosses, 79 Moss Eosc, .• . . . a Mountain Ash, . 18? Mountain Laurel, . 164 Mugwort, .... 47 Mulberry, .... 129 Mullein,* . . . .' 188 Mushroom 147 Musk Rose, .... 111 Myrtle, 24 Nettle, .... Nightshade, Deadly, November, . 112 178 73 Oak, 73 October 66 Olive, 136 Onion, 188 Orchis, Bee, . . . .117 Orchis. Spider, .... 146 Osnmndn, 144 Our Lady's riower, . . 186 214 INDEX. Pansy, . . . . 149 Bagged Eobin, Parsley, . . . 75 Bainy Marigold, Passion Flower, 118 KedBud, . . . Patience, 136 Bed Valerian, Peony, . 135 Beeds, . Peppermint, • . 153 Best-Harrow, Periwinkle, 20 Bhododendron, Petunia, . 189 Bice, . . Pimpernel, . lU Boses, . Pine, . . . 117 Bosebud, Pine-Apple, , 154 Bose Campion, Plum, . 130 Bose, Cinnamon, Plum, Indian, . 138 Boae, Hundred-Leaved, Plum, Wild, . 127 Bose Leaf, . Poet's Narcissus, 32 Kose, Moss, Polemony, . 145 Rose, Musk, Pomegranate, . m Bose, White, . . Poplar, Black, . 1!2 Bose, Wild Brier, . Poplar, White, . 150 Bosemary, . Poppy 146 Bue, .... Potato, . . . 108 Preface, . . . 5 Primrose, . 24 ©* Privet, . . . 31 M Purple Loosestrife, 189 §agc, or Salvia, .... /f(\ Samphire, , , m Sardonia, . , « . ^v SassaiVas, , Satin Flower, . , , Queen of the Meadow, . . 151 Scarlet Geranium, . . Quince • ■ 148 Scarlet Lobelia, . . INDEX. 215 Scarlet Lychnis, 187 Scarlet Pimpernel, . 111 September, . 60 Service Tree, 77 Sheep Laurel, . 164 Snakeroot, Seneca s nd Vir ginia, . 102 Snowdrop, . 8S Solomon's Seal, 192 Speedwell, . 119 Spider Orchis, . 146 Spindle Tree, . 155 Spiraea, . . . 151 Spring, . . . 17 Strawberry, 33 Succory, 122 Sugar-Cane, 102 Summer, 30 Sundew, 193 Sunflower, . . 63 Sweet Basil, 134 Sweet Brier, . 45 Sweet Maijoram, . 187 Sweet Pea, . . 113 Sweet Sultan, . . 124 Syringa, . 121 ® Tansy, 193 Tares, 51 Tea 194 Thorn Apple 194 Thyme, 34 Toad Flax, 194 Tobacco, 195 Trailing Arbutus, . . . 153 Tremella, 143 Trumpet Flower, ... 195 Tuberose, Ct Tulip, 20 Tulip Tree, 190 Valerian, 35 Venus' Looking-GlasB, . . 120 Verbena 145 Veronica, 119 Vervain, 50 Violet 92 Vir»jin'B Bower, , . . 107 1^ Wallflower, .... 64 Water Hemlock, 185 Wiitei- Lily, 115 Water Trelbil, . 21 Weeping Willow, 18 Wheat, . . . 55 White Jasmine, 48 216 INDEX. White Lilac, White Lily, White Poplar, White Poppy, White Eoao, Whortleberry, Wild Plum, . Wild Turnip, Willow, Willow Herb, ISC 63 150 146 43 150 127 177 18 138 Windflower, Winter, . 113 77 Yarrow, Tew, . 153 NEW AND ATTRxVCTlVE PUBLICATIONS OF LEE & SHEPARD, PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS, BOSTON. LEE, SHEPAED & DILLUfGHAM, New York. "A Grand Success." THE AMERICAN GIRL ABROAD. By Miss Adeline Trafton. Illustrated. $ 1 . 75. " A brig-ht, merry -lieartod girl, 'off on a g-ood time,' and she and her readerH arc decidedly of the opinioa that the journey was a great sucuetss." — LiBeral Christian. "A delightful Book, original and enjoyable." THE DOCTOR'S DAUGHTER. By Sophik May. Illus- trated. 1.50. "So lovable and bo genuine that she takes one's heart by storm." — New York Repulticcm. " A Book every Girl will be delighted -witli." SALLY WILLIAMS, THE MOUNTAIN GIRL. By Mks. Edna D. Cheney. Illustrated. $1.50. ** Mrs. Cheney's stories have all the charm of romance, and better than that, a power to do good by tlieir wholesome unobtrusive teacliings." "Another of the- Girlliood Series." ONLY GIRLS By Miss Vikginia F. Townsenp, Autlior of " Deering Farm," " Daryll's Gap," &c. Illustrated. $1.50. Miss Townseud " charming writer, and this one of her very best productiDUB. NEW PUBLICA TIONS OF LEE &• SHEPARD. DICK AND DAISY SERIES. By Miss Adelaide F. Sam- uels. 4 volumes. Illustrat(.'cl. Per volume, 60c. 1. ADRIFT IN THK WORLD. 2. FIGHTING THK BATTLE. 2. SAVED FROM THE STREET. 4. GRANDFATHER MILLY'S LUCK, By the author of " Dick Travers Abroad." " Pour Charming Canaries." LITTLE CANARY SERIES. By Mes. M. A. OsjxJod. 4 volumes. Illustrated. Per vol., 75c. ^ 1. LITTLE CANARY'S DAI~Y. 2. LITTLE CANARY. 3 LITTLE CANARY'S COUSIN EUGENE. 4. LITTLE CANARY'S BLACK CATO. This set of juvenile stories are not ouly interesting to readers, but they arc particuUrly bright and attractive in appearance. A Ifew Volume just added. THE CHARLEY ROBERTS SERIES. By Mrs. L. m. Thurston. To be completed in 6 volumes. Illustrated. Per vol., $1. 1. HOW CHARLEY ROBERTS BECAME A MAN. 2. HOW EVA ROBERTS GAINED HER EDUCATION. 3. CHARLEY AND EVA'S HOME IN THE WEST. 4. THE CHILDREN OF AMITY COURT. Charlpy and Eva Roberts have lots of young friends, who will be de- liglited to learn that a new volume has Just tieea added to their history. NEW AND ATTRACTIVE PUBLICATIONS OP LEE & SHEPARD, PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS, BOSTON. LEE, SHEPABD & DILLIUGHAM, New York. "A Grand Success." THE AMERICAN GIRL ABROAD. By Miss Adeline Tbafton. Illustrated. $1.75. " A brijjflit, mprry -hearted girl, ' off on a g^ood time,' and she and her readers are decidedly of the opinion that the journey was a great success." — Liberal Chi'istian. " A delightful Book, original and enjoyable." THE DOCTOR'S DAUGHTER. By SophiS May. Illus- trated. 1,50. "So lovable and so genuine that she takes one's heart by storm." — New York Repuilican. "A Book every Girl will be delighted with." SALLY WILLIAMS, THE MOUNTAIN GIRL. By Mrs. Edna D. Cheney. Illustrated. $1.50. " Mrs. Cheney's stories have all the charm of romance, and bettor than that, a power to do good by their wholesome unobtrusive teachings." " Another of the Girlhood Series." ONLY GIRLS. By Miss Vikoinia F. Townsend, Author of " Deering Farm," " Daryll's Gap," &C-. Illustrated. $1.50. Misa Townsend is a charming writer, tmd this one of her very beat productions. Lee 6r» Shepar^s Recent Publications. WORTHY PARTICULAR ATTENTION. PENS AND TYPES. Hints and Helps to all who Write, Print, or Read. By Benjamin Drew. i6mo. Cloth. $1.50. _'**PeTis and Types' is the title of a little book by Bcnjamm Drew, con- taining such hints and guides for people who write for the press, and printers, ' as lon^ experience in the work of jiroof read ng has taught him to be essen- tial. There are two classes of people who nsver proper, y prepare their man- uscript for publication — those who do 1101. know how to do it, and tliose who do not care whether they do it or not. 'Hiy former m^y be benefited by these hints; the latter are incorrigible." — Boston Advertiser, BEHIND THE BARS. ijmo. Cloth. $2.00. *' AVe have read it writh no little interest. It treats of a class of persons who, incapable of judging for themselves, should be the more carefully and tenderly looked after b^ their relatives, friends, and the Stale ; and should not be confided to institutions, without conliiiuous scrutiny and attention. We have heard of some sad deHnquency on tlie part of those to whose care such sufferers have been committed." — Methodist Protestant. *' Many works upon the treatment proper for insane patients have been pub- lished ; but nuver,_we believe, until i ow. has one been produced so well cal- culated by its details to promote the cssj;ntiai benefit of those whose state so strongly appeals to thehveliest sympathies of mankind." ART ; Its Laws and the Reasons for Them. Collected, con- densed, and arranged for General and Educational Pur- poses. By Samuel P. Long, Counsellor at Law, Student of the English Royal Academy, and Pupil of the late Gilbert Stuart Newton, R. A. i2mo. Cloth. With Steel Engravings and Wood-Cuts. $3 00. Hon. George B. Emerson, in a note to the author, says: — " I believe that any person who shall carefully read it would so understand the principles, and have his eyes opened to the beauties of art, that he would never look upon a picture, a statue, or a noble building, without more interest and a higher power of appreciating and enjoying it." TiLESTON'S HAND-BOOK OF THE ADMINISTRA- TIONS OF THE UNITED STATES. i6mo. Flexible. With Photographs of the Presidents from Washington to Grant. $1.50. Large paper copies (limited), $2.50. "From this excellent beiinning to the conclusion, the book is replete with the most interesting information. Each Administration receives its fair share of outline. When there have been messages or proclamations of importance, they are given either fully or in well-chosen extrncts. Especial attention has been given to Mr, Lincb'n, and indeed, an epitome of the war is thus pre- sented. Besides a history in brief of each President and his policy, we find lists of the dififereiit Cabinets, and an analysis of contemporaneous histow. itvle is clear and concise ; and the book forms an entertaining and usefm manual. If the reader could remember its contents, he would De well in* The stvle is clear and concise ; and the book forms an entertaining and useu manual. If the reader could remember its contents, he would De w formed as to the entire history of this country.'* —Philadelphia Age. Illustration to THE DOCTOE'S DAUGHTER. NEW PUBLICATIONS OF LEE &• SHEPARD. Sophie May's ITew Books. LITTLE PRUDY'S ^Vimk'i SERIES. By Sophie Mat. To be completed in 6 volumes. Illustrated. Per vol., 75c. 1. LITTLE FOLKS ASTEAY. 2. PKUDY KEEPING HOUSE. 3. AUNT MADGE'S STORY. 4. LITTLE GRANDMOTIIEK. " There are no more popular books th-an those written by Sophie May. All the Sabbath schools indorse them, and all the good, kind parents buy them for their children." Prof. Be MUle's Books. THE YOUNG DODGE CLUB. By James De Millb. To be completed in 6 volumes. Illustrated. Per vol., $1.50. L AMONG THE BKIGANDS. 2. THE SEVEN HILLS. " Prof. De Mille is one of the most versatile writers for the young of the day. His stories abound in fun, adventure, and information." A Favorite Series. THE B. 0. W. C. STORIES. By James Db Millb. 6 volumes. Illustrated. Per vol., $1.50. L THE B. O. W. C. 2. THE BOYS OF GRAND PEE SCHOOL. 3. LOST IN THE FOG. 4. FIRE IN THE WOODS. 5. PICKED UP ADRIFT. 6. THE TREASURE OF THE SEAS. By a Pleasing W.riter. DICK TRAVERS ABROAD. By Miss Adelaide F Sam- UEL8. 4 volumes. Illustrated. Per vol., 50c. 1. PALM LAND. 2. 'I'HE LOST TAR. 3. ON THE WAVE. 4. LITTLE CRICKET. By ths author of " Dick and Daisy Series." Illustration to AMERICAN GIRL ABROAD. NEW PUBLICATIONS OF LEE &• SHEPARD. "One hundred and twenty Selections." MISCELLANEOUS READINGS IN PROSE AND VERSE. By PEor. L. B. Monroe. $1.50. " Some of the best tliingfs of euiicut literature may be found gathered here.'* — Boston Advertiser. " For Social Amusements." SOCIAL CHARADES AND PARLOR OPERAS. By M. T. Caldeb, Author of " College Ned," &c. 16mo. Cloth, 75o; fancy bound, 60c. " These charaflos and nporns, prepared for private rcpreaentatiou, have beeu received witii great iavor by those requiring exhibition pieces." Underwood's American Authors. HAND-BOOK OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. Intended for the use of High Scliools, as well as a Companion and Guide for Private Students, and for General Readers. (American Authors.) By F. H. Undeuwooo, A. M. Crown 8vo. Cloth. $2.50. It ifl coniined to American authors, and inchides the most prominent writers in tlie three periods whicli cover our entire national history. Underwood's British Authors. HAND-BOOK OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. Intended for the use of High Schools, as well as a Companion and Guide for Private Students, and for General Readers. (British Authors.) By Francis H. Underwood, A. M. Crown 8vo. Cloth. $2.50. Mr. Underwood's Biographical Notices, which precede the selections from prominent authors, are admirable in construction, gems of literary work, attractive and valuable. The Voung Voyagers again. YOUNG AMERICA ABROAD. By Oliver Opp-c. To be completed in 6 volumes. Illustrated. Per vol., $1.50. 1. UP THE BALTIC. 2. NOUTHEKN LANDS. 3. CEOSS AND CRESCENT. A librarv ofi-om-'irlic travel and adventure. Illustration to THE LITTLE CANARY. JVEIV PUBLICATIONS or LEE Sf SHEPARD. By Oliver Optio. THE YACHT CLUB SERIES. By Oliveb Optic. To be completed in 6 volumes. Illustrated. Per vol., f 1.50. 1. LITTLE BOHTAII,. 2, THE YACHT CI.UU. (In press.) Each story complete la itself, and all in Oliver Optic's best vein. By B. P. Shillaber. PARTINGTONIAN PATCHWORK. BLiriCINS THE MARTYR; ou, The Domestic Teials of a Model HnsBANi). THE MODERN SYNTAX : Dr. Spoonkk's Expkkiesce in Seauch OF THE DELECTABLB. PARTINGTON PAPERS; STKippraGS OF the Warm Milk of HriMAN KiSDNESS. NEW AND OLD THINGS FROM AN UNPRETENDING INK- STAND. Humorous, Sentimental, Rhythmical. By B. P. Sui. la- ser {Jlir.t. Par/zTifif^on). 12mo. Cloth. TlhiRtrated. ®'.75. The genial author of this volume has packed it full of bright and Witty things. By Elijali Kellogg. THE WHISPERING PINE SERIES. By Elijah Kellogg. To be completed in 6 volumes. Illustrated. Per vol., 51.25. 1. THE SPARK OP GENIUS. 2. THE SOPHOMORES OF RADCUFFE. 3. WINNING IIIS SPURS. 4. THE TURNING OF THE TIDE. (In press.) Mr. Kellogjj presents some ndmirnhlo rhnrncters among his college boys, and every volu.ue of this series is uiiiuiul of fun and adreuture, " ITothine better ever written." THE PLEASANT COVE SERIES. By Elijah Kellogg. To be completed in 6 volumes. Per vol., $1.25. 1. ARTHUR BROWN, THE YOUNG CAPTAIN. 2. THE YOUNG DELIVERERS. 5. THE CRUISE OF THE CASCO. 4. THE CHILD OF THE ISLAND GLEN. " The Elm Isliniil Stories." by t!ii-i nntho-, arc (Irservedlv iionular " Tlio Pleasant Cove Seriua " dealt, witli muuy of tlie same chai u-t! rs. Lee &= Shepard's Recent Publications. NEW JUVENILE BOOKS. THE DICK AND DAISY SERIES. By Miss Adelaide F. Samuels. Four vols. Illustrated. Per vol., 50 cts. "A- very pretty box of small books for the juveniles. There are four vol- uroes,jcSf a hundred pages each. We have first the Early Days of Dick and Daisy, 'Adrift in the World ;' their City Life, 'Fighting the Battle; ' their Prot^g^s, ' Saved from the Street ; * and their Reward, or ' Grandfather Mil- ly's Luck.' This is a charming collection, written by Miss Adelaide F. Sam- uels, of whom, judging from these volumes, the world will hear more here- after." — American Baptist. SINGULAR CREATURES: Being Studies and Stories from the Domestic Zoftlogy of our Parish. Bj Mrs. George CuPPLES, author of ** Driven to Sea," &c. i6mo. Illus- trated. Cloth. $1.50. The London papers thus speak of the authoress : — " Of the miscellaneous articles, none are mare charming than those by Mrs. Geo, Cupples. . . . Her stories are for all readers, whether few or many years old." — London. Times {^The Thundere*'). '* Mrs. Geo. Cupples. who is already very favorably known as the writer of any number of capital stories for juveniles, has succeeded in this instance in - producing a charming story." — Scotsman. "We shall be mistaken if these well-written stories do not commend them- selves to the good judgments of our readers." — New Monthly Magazine^ "Very interesting! and will afford many hours of amusement." — Observer, "Very charming and attractive." — London Record. " Nicely and freshly written, perfectly healthy in tone, and remarkable for a pleasant flow of human kindness." — London Illustrated News. THE AMERICAN HOME BOOK of Indoor Games, Amuse- ments, and Occupations. By Mr^. Caroline L. Smith (Aunt Carrie). i6mo. Illustrated. $1.50. " In compiling this * American Home Book, ' the author has admirably suc- ceeded in mingling both work and play, and such amusements have been selected, together with directions for ussf'il Jind ornamental work, as can be recommended to our young readers. Amonpc its contents are: Amusements for little bovs and girls, musical and other games for little chiltiren. games of memory, games for old and young, new games, material magic, head work, answers to head work, amusements for Cbristmas holidays, Christmas, ven- triloquism, gardeninjr, flowers, house and home arts, the toilet, home reading; the sick room, directions for making bread, yeast, &c." — Eagle^ Pittsfield. REV. ELIJAH KELLOGG'S ELM ISLAND STORIES. Six voli. ISmo. niuitiated. Per vol., gl.2(!. 1. Iiion Ben of Dim Island. 2. Charlie Bell. 8. The Ark of Elm Island. 4. The Boy Farmers of Elm Island. 6. The IToung Shipbuilders of Elm Island. 6. The Hardscrabble of Elm Island. "There is no sentimentalism in this series. It is all downright matter-of-fact boy life, and of coinrse they are deeply interested in read- ing it. The history of pioneer life is so attractive that one involuntarily wishes to renew those early struggles with adverse circumstances, and join the _ busy actors in their successful efforts to build up pleasant homes on our sea-girt islands." — ZiotCs Herald. LEE £ SHEPARD, Publishers, Boston. ZUuttrated Natural Bistory. YOUNG HUNTER'S LIBRARY. By Mb8. R. Lsx. Four volumes. Dliutcated. Per VOL, $l.fiO. The Australian 'Wanderers. The Adventures of Captain Spencer and his Horse and Dog in the Wilds of Aus- tralia. The Afirican Crusoe.8< The Adventures of Carlos and Antonio in the Wilds of Africa. Anecdotes of Animals, With their Habits. Instinct^ &&, &c Anecdotes of Birds, Fishes, Rep- tiles, &c., their Habits and Instincts. This is a venr popular series, prepared for the purpose of interesting the youn^ in the study of natural history. The exciting ad- ventures of celebrated travellers, anecdotes of sagacity in birds, beasts, &c. , have been intemoven in a pleasant manner. This se- ries is not only ver^ interesting but is deci- dedly profitable reatung. LEE &. SHEPARD, Publishers, Boston. Wonderful Stories, JUTLAND SERIES. Four Tola. niuBtrated. Set In a neat box, or sold separate. Fer vol., 11.50. The Sand Hills of Jutland. By Hans Christian Andersen. i6ma Illustrated. Tarns of an Old Mariner. By Mrs. Mary Cowden Clarke. Illus- trated by Cruikshank. z6ma Schoolboy Days. By W. H. G. Kingston. i6mo. Six- teen illustrations. Great Men and Oallant Deeds. By J. G. Edgar, i6mo. Illustrated. Four books by four noted authors comprise this series, which contiuns Adventures by Sea and Land, Manly Sports of England, Boy Life in English Schools, Fairy Tales and Legends, — all handsomely illustrated. LEE £ SHEPARD, Publishers, Boston. The areat West. THE FRONTIER SERIES Elve voli. niuBtrated. Fer vol., $1.25. Twelve Wights in the Hunters' Camp. A Thousand Miles' 'Walk Across South America. The Cabin on the Frairie. Planting the 'Wilderness. The Toung Pioneers. The romance surrounding the adventurous Hvt of Western pioneers and immigrants _ has ttuggested nearly as many stories as the j^ duvalnc deeds of knight-erTantry. These ""■ tales of 6rontier life are, however, as a rul& diaracterized by such wildness of fancy ana such extravagancy of language that we liaye often wondered why another Cervantes did not ridicule our border romances by describ- ing a second Don Quixote's adventures on the prairies. We are pleased to notice, that in the new series of Frontier Tales, by Lee & Shepard, there is an agreeable absence of sensational writing, of that maudlin senti-, mentality which make the generality of such tales nauseous." — Standard. LEE & SHEPARD. Publishers, Boston. MISS LOUISE M. THURSTON'S CHARLEY ROBERTS SERIES. To,be completed in six vols. Illustrated. ^ Per volume, ^i. Ho-w Ciiarley I^oberts Be- oarae a ]MaxL. Ho*w Kva ftoberts G-ained £Cez* !E]c9aoation. Cliarley axid EJva's Home in th.e "West. (Others in Freparation,) In presenting the above new series the publish- ers believe that thev are adding to that class of juvenile literature whose intrinsic worth is recog- nized by those who have at heart the good of the young. " They are pleasantly written books, descriptive of the struggles and difficulties of Charley and Eva in attaining to manhood and womanhood, and they are w^l adapted to stimulate a noble ambition in the heaits of young penions.'* LEE & SHEPARD, Publishers, Boston. MAY MANNERING'S HELPING HAND SERIES. Six volumes. Illustrated. Per voltunej ^i. Cliiulsiiig tlie Hope. Billy Grrimes's Favorite. Tlie Cruise of the Daeha- •way. The Xjittle Spaniard. Salt "Water Diok. Little IVCaid of Oxbo-sr, '* 'May Mannering' is the nom de plume of an agreeable writer for tiie young folks who possesses more tiian ordinaiy ability, and has a thorough comprehension of the way to interest children." — Platadelphia Hem. "We like the spirit of these books exceedingly, and cordially commend it to the notice of Sabbath School Libraries.'' — iarftcs' Repository. LEE & SHEPARD, Publishers, Boston. • '\ys«Aia anU attracttte." VACATION STORY-BOOKS. Six vols. Illust. Per vol., 80 cts. Worth not Wealth. Country Iiife. The Charm. Karl Eeigler. Walter Beyton Holidays at Chestnut Hill. ROSY DIAMOND STORY-BOOKS. Six volumes. Illustrated. Per vol., 80 cts. The Gkreat Kosy Diamond. Daisy, or The Fairy Spectacles. Violet, a Fairy Story. Minnie, or The Little Woman. The Angel Children. Xilttle Blossom's Beward. . These are delightfiil works for children. They are all very popular, and have had a wide circula- tion. They are now presented in a new dress. The stories are all amusing and instructive, ex- hibiting human nature in children, and teaching some very important practical lessons. LEE & SHEPARD, Publishers, Boston. " jBBctailnfl aittr IhtBhtictiiw." THE PROVERB SERIES. Bv Mrs. M. E. Bradley and Miss Kate J. Nbbly. Six vols. Illust Per vol., $r. Birds of a Feather. Fine Feathers do Hot miike Fine Birds. Handsome is that Handsome does. A Wrong Confessed is half Be- dressed. Actions spea,k louder th8.n Words. One Good Turn deservee another. "Each volume is complete in itself, and illus- trates, with a stoiy of most fliacinaling and in- structive interest, the proverb taken for its title. Tliese are just the kind of books that we like to see in a family or Sunday-school library. They will be read by persons of all ages with deep interest, and .afibrd instructive and' entertaining conversation with the children.''— & 8. JouttuU. LEE A SHEPARD, PuUishers, Boston. . ,">*;; in 'fA.'. • t i •; ! V , t, .„!,„.' ,A».,,*. ,(.',, ..'• Jit -Afe^AlJ