J^cto Pork S>tatc Collegf of ^Bticwlture at Cornell Banibersitp l-ifirarp .:^^....i^..(^^. '■^t--^ HT 405.N2r'""""'"'"""-"'"fy ^*lJ,S(onal council of i y^7 The Ndliondl Council of urgencies Engaged in Rural Social IDork "A Co'-operaliue Program of Rural Social Progress" CONTENTS 1. The National Council and the Amer- ican Country Life Association. 2. Principles of the National Council; By-laws. 3. Agencies and Organizations Aflfili- ated with the National Council. 4. The Country Life Field. 5. Objectives of the Country Life Movement. 6. Rural Programs of Agencies and Or- ganizations Affiliated with the Na- tional Council. 7. Projects, Officials of the National Council, et cetera. Published by the National Council of Agencies Engaged in Rural Social Work. E. C. Lindeman, Secretary, Greensboro, N. C. "The goal of the Country Life Organ- isation is such an understanding and re- lationship of the persons, forces and agencies in a given area, whether com- munity, county, state or nation, as will accomplish for that unit the most sys- tematic and progressive correlation of those forces and agencies that make for the sound development of a satisfying life for lural people, and for the adjust- ment of their highest welfare to the com- mon good." The National Council of Agencies Engaged in Rural Social IPork President Kenijon L Butterfield Amherst, Mass. Secreiarij E. C. Lindeman Qreensboro, N. C. Additional copies of this bulletin may be secured through the secretary; the price is twenty cents per copy. X^7 (e ^/S4/ I. The National Council of Agencies Engaged in Rural Social Work and the American Country Life Association ^1 HE American Country Life Association was formally organized *■ at Baltimore, JVIaryland in January, 1919. Its purposes were stated in these words: "To facilitate discussion of the problems and objectives in country life and the means of their solution and attain- ment; to further the efforts and increase the efficiency of persons, agen- cies and institutions engaged in this field; to disseminate information calculated to promote a better understanding of country life, and to aid in rural improvement". The first conference created a committee which was to call a conference of national rural social agencies "for the purpose of co-or- dinating the programs of these various agencies in order that dupli- cation and waste effort may be avoided". This committee pursued its task with unusual diligence and skill, and its chairman. Dr. C. W. Thompson, submitted its report at the second annual conference of the association at Chicago in November, 1919. This report* created such favorable impressions that the committee was at once instructed to continue its studies. The national agencies called together by Dr. Thompson at Wash- ington, D. C. in April, 1919 passed a resolution requesting the American Country Life Association to call together representatives of these agen- cies at such future times as seemed desirable. A number of the agencies later requested Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, the president of the associ- ation to issue such a call. Under President Butterfield's leadership, nineteen agencies sent representatives to a meeting called in New York City on March thirtieth 1920. These representatives passed a motion requesting the American Country Life Association to call together the representatives of certain agencies for "the formation of a council of national agencies engaged in rural social work". The purposes of such council as well as the principles which should guide its activities were thoroughly discussed. * Published in the Second Annual Proceedings of the American Country Life Association. A final motion was passed requesting the executive committee of the American Country Life Association to "organic the council as an in- tegral part of the American Country Life Association" . Acting upon the instruction of this conference, President Butter- field called the representatives of these various agelncies and organi- zations together again at Washington, D. C. on December 30, 1920. Twenty national agencies were represented. At this meeting a plan of organization was presented and later adopted. In the plan of organ- ization the following words are found: "The Council shall he organ- ised as an integral part of the Anterican Country Life Association; the chairman of the Council shall be designated by the executive com- mittee of the association, and if necessary, the association will endeavor to provide either officials or financial assistance adequate to provide, special officers and equipment." ****** From the above condensed statement of the development of the National Council it will be seen that those who promoted the idea had in mind a very close relationship between the Council and the Amer- ican Country Life Association. The functions of the two organizations are, however, distinct. The Association is a conference body whose membership is made up of individuals. The Council, on the other hand, is an advisory body whose membership is composed of represen- tatives of national agencies or organizations. II. Principles of the National Council and Plan of Organization Cj |'^HEN the National Council was formally organized at Washington {Ji) on December 30, 1920, it adopted the following set of by-laws which formulate the plan of organization and state the principles under which the council is to function: 1. The Council shall consist of national, public or private organizations and agencies, engaged in rural social work, represented by one voting delegate and not to exceed two additional non-voting delegates chosen by each such organization or agency. 2. The purpose of the Council shall be to enable the associating agencies to discuss their programs and policies with other agencies of the Council ; to prevent overlapping and duplication of rural social work; to enable the associating agencies to co-ordinate their programs and to act jointly in investigating and pro- moting needed rural social work. 3. The Council shall have advisory functions only. Its actions shall not be binding upon the participat- ing organizations and agencies; nor shall any agency in the Council be bound to assume any financial obli- gations. 4. Initial membership of the Council shall consist of such of the following organizations and agencies as indicate a desire to join the Council. National Grange. American Farm Bureau Federation. National Board of Farm Organizations. Farmer's Educational and Co-operative Union. American Home Economics Society. American Red Cross. Boy Scouts of America. Girl Scouts of America. Federal Council of Churches. National Catholic Welfare Council. Board of Home Missions of Presbyterian Church in U. S. A. American Baptist Home Missionary Society. Board of Home Missions of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. Young Men's Christian Association. Young Women's Christian Association. U. S. Department of Agriculture, States Rela- tions Service. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Farm Management. U. S. Public Health Service. U. S. Bureau of Education. U. S. Department of Labor, Children's Bureau. National Child Labor Committee. Child Health Organization of America. Russell Sage Foundation. National Tuberculosis Association. National Education Association, Rural Educa- tion Department. National University Extension Association. American Library Association. National Child Health Council. Playground and Recreation Association of America. Community Service, Inc. The admission of other agencies for membership in the Council be by an affirmative vote of a major- ity of the organizations and agencies of the Council. 5. The initial meeting of the Council shall be called by the Executive Committee of the American Country Life Association. Subsequent meetings of the Council shall be held as frequently and at such times and places as the Council itself may determine. 6. The Council shall be organized as an integral part of the A. C. L. A.; the chairman of the Council shall be designated by the executive committee of the Association, and if an executive secretary and clear- ance officer be found necessary, the A. C. L. A. will endeavor to provide either the officials or financial assistance adequate to provide special officer and equipment. 7. Amendments to these by-laws may be made by a majority vote of the voting delegates at any meeting, the proposed amendment having been included in the call for the meeting. Ill Agencies and Organizations Affiliated With the National Council Q^l HERE are two general types of agencies engaged in rural social L work, namely those which are privately supported and those which are supported by means of public funds. The public agencies are usually related to some broad field of work which merely includes the field of rural social service. Such governmental agencies cannot, of course, afi'iliate with the Council on the same basis as is possible with private agencies. Private Agencies Affiliated With the National Council American Farm Bureau Federation American Home Economics Association American Library Association American National Red Cross Child Health Organization of America Church and Country Life Department; Board of Home Missions Presbyterian Church of the U. S. A. Community Service, Incorporated Department of Rural Work, Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America; Home Miss- ions Council Girl Scouts, Incorporated National Child Health Council National Child Labor Committee National Catholic Welfare Council National Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Association; Country Life Department National Education Association; Rural Education Department. National Grange National Organization for Public Health Nursing. Playground and Recreation Association of America Russell Sage Foundation Young Men's Christian Association; County Work Department Young Women's Christian Association; Country Department Public Agencies Affiliated With the National Council on a Co-operative Basis Office of Farm Management; Rural Life Studies. U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture States Relation Service; U. S. Department of Agriculture. U. S. Bureau of Education U. S. Department of Labor; Children's Bureau U. S. Public Health Service IV. The Country Life Field The agencies whose work is hereinafter (Part VI) described are engaged in promoting social work in the country life field, ror pur- poses of clarifying the idea represented by the term "country life," the following phases of rural social work have been selected as belong- ing to the country life field : (a) Projects promoted in the interest of the rural home or family. In the more restricted sense, this is most fre- quently referred to as home^making (b) Projects in the interest of rural education. This term includes all forms of education for children and adults. (c) Projects promoted in the interest of rural health and sanitation. (d) Projects promoted in the interest of rural recreation and sociable life. (e) Projects promoted in the interest of rural churches. Such projects are usually listed under the head of mor- als and religion. (f) Projects promoted in the interest of increased facilities of communication including roads, telephones, mail de- livery, et cetera. (g) Projects promoted in the interest of discovering and training the resident leadership as well as the technical leadership of the country. (h) Projects promoted in the interest of securing better leg- islation and government for rural areas. (i) Projects promoted in the interest of the defective, delin- quent, dependent, or the unadjusted members of the rural group. The term charities and corrections or rural social service are applicable to this phase of work. (j) Projects promoted in the interest of local community, state, national and international organization of country people and country life forces. The general term 'rural organization' is most frequently used to describe this phase of work. (k) Projects promoted in the interest of scientific investiga- tions and studies of country life problems. The general term used in connection with this division of work is 'investigation of rural social problems'. (1) Projects promoted in the interest of extending the teach- ing of rural sociology in universities, colleges, normal schools, and high schools. This phase of work also in- cludes the critical study of the content of such courses. (m) Projects promoted in the interest of improving the physical appearance of towns, villages, country com- munities, roads, rural institutions, and rural homes. The general term used to describe this phase of work is 'country planning'. The above phases of work may be said to constitute the 'country life field'. Various groups have been at work promoting projects in these special phases of work. One of the chief objects of the National Council is to harmonize these various projects so that the agencies and organizations engaged in their promotion will present a unified, co-operative program of rural social progress. The American country life movement may be described as the combination of forces function- ing within this field. 10 V. Objectives of The Country Life Movement Each agency or organization which deals with rural social problems has a definite objective of its own. The correlation and co-ordina- tion of these individual objectives should be the sum whose total con- stitutes the objectives of the country life movement. The American Country Life Association began its career with an attempt to clarify and classify the field of rural social work. Its pur- pose is to assist those agencies already in the field and to encourage others to enter the field to meet the mament needs. The Association functions through fifteen standing committees, each of which is com- mitted to the study of some particular phase of the country life field. These committees are composed of specialists selected because of their interest and proficiency in the various divisions of rural social work. The annual conference of the Association is virtually a summary of the work of these committees. It will thus be seen that the reports of the Association constitute an evolutionary statement of objectives of the country life movement.* If one could superimpose these com- mittee reports upon the practical objectives of each of the agencies and organizations functioning in the country life field the result would be a theofetical as well as a practical statement of the objectives of the country life movement. The time has not yet arrived when this can be done satisfactorily, but it is hoped that the National Council co-oper- ating with the American Country Life Association may soon be in po- sition to propose such a statesmanlike and scientific series of objectives. In the meantime, the theoretical objectives of the country life move- ment may be considered to be the fulfillment of services in the various fields of social work enumerated above; the practical objectives must be sought in the programs of work of the agencies and organizations. Insofar as these agencies and organizations are afi'iliated with the National Council, such objectives may be found in the succeeding pages of this bulletin. * The publications of the American Country Life Association are: 1. Proceedings of the first annual conference held at Baltimore, Jan- uary 1919. The country life field is tentatively defined in this volume and the objectives are stated. 2. Proceedings of the second annual conference held at Chicago, November 1919. This volume is devoted to the problems of Rural Health. 11 3. Proceedings of the third annual conference held at Springfield, Mass., October 1920. This volume is devoted to the problems of Rural Organization. 4. Proceedings of the fourth annual conference held at New Orleans, La., November 1921. This volume is devoted to the problems of Town and Country inter-relations. 12 VI. Programs of Work and Personnel of Agencies and Organizations Affiliated With the National Council AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FEDERATION GENERAL 1. To develop a completely unified national organization to act as spokesman for the farmer and to adequately represent the farmtr and the farmer's interests on all occasions. EDUCATIONAL 1. To create in the urban mind a better conception of the Farmer's relationship to other units in the social and economic struc- ture. 2. To re-establish agriculture in the public mind as the foremost industry, on which all others depend, and, in the prosecution of which man reaches his highest plane of development. 3. To encourage and assist in the development of food produc- tion to its highest state of efficiency. 4. To foster and develop all those lines of endeavor which make for better homes, better social and religious life, better health, and better rural living in every sense. 5. To conduct referanda on various national questions to deter- mine farm sentiment before determining Legislative action. LEGISLATIVE 1. To safeguard the rights and interests and to assert the needs of the farmer whenever occasion may arise. 2. To establish without question the legality of collective bar- gaining. 3. To insist upon the presence of farmer minds on all boards and commissions appointed by Congress or the President. 4. To defend the farmer's viewpoint in all matters relating to 13 tax levies, tariffs, currency, banking, railways, highways, waterways, foreign markets, the merchant marine, territorial acquisitions and all similar legislative matters involving questions of policy, in any way affecting agriculture. 5. To insist on some arrangement between capital and labor which will insure freedom from disrupting and criminal wasteful strikes. 6. To strengthen the Federal Farm Loan Act and secure in addi- tion, the establishment of a system of personal credits. 7. To demand the regulation, under government supervision, of all commercial interests whose size and kind of business enables them to establish a monopoly dangerous to the best interests of the nation. ECONOMIC 1 To extend co-operative marketing of farm crops to the point in the distribution system so that the maximum benefits are secured for the producer, and incidentally, for the consumer. 2. To limit the profits and reduce the costs of distribution in all lines not handled co-operatively. 3. To estimate the effective world supply of any farm product and to so regulate the flow to market as to eliminate sharpe and extreme price fluctuations. 4. To establish new foreign markets for surplus American farm products. 5. To provide cheaper sources of fertilizer and more economical means of production. EXECUTIVE I. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION is organized under the direction of a committee of three and the following general lines will be inaugurated: 1. A Weekly News letter to Farm Publications. 2. Special news and story service to Farm. 3. Co-operative service with Farm Bureaus, and so forth 4. News and stories to city dailies. 5. Service to rural weeklies. 6. Publication of special pamphlets, speeches, and so forth. II. DEPARTMENT OF FARM ECONOMICS AND STATIS- TICS organized under the direction of a committee of four. The prin- cipal functions to be taken up at once are along the lines of a careful study of Agriculture Statistics. 1. Improved cost accounting methods for farmers. 2. Crop statistics and forecasts. 14 SOCIAL The Woman's Committee recently appointed and consisting of: Mrs. Chas. Schuttler of Missouri. Mrs. John C. Ketcham of Michigan. Mrs. A. E. Brigden of New York. Mrs. Izetta Brown of West Virginia. Mrs. William G. Jamison, of Colorado. AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION PURPOSE To promote education in home-making including child welfare; and to co-operate with other agencies in this field. NATURE OF ACTIVITIES The A. H. E. A. is a professional association including teachers, extension workers and home-makers. METHOD OF PROCEDURE Members co-operate with other agencies; publish the Journal of Home Economics; annual conference. TERRITORY COVERED The Association is national in scope. PRESENT OFFICERS Mary E. Sweeney, President. Lenna Cooper, Secretary. HEADQUARTERS ADDRESS 1211 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Md. PUBLICATIONS The American Journal of Home Economics; issued monthly. REMARKS The Association touches the rural field largely through the Ex- tension Service; one section of the Association is devoted entirely to this field. Sufficient funds are now available to employ an executive secretary; this official will be appointed soon. o AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED The American Library Association was organized in Phila- 15 delphia, October 6, 1876 (inc. 1879) as the immediate result of a three days' library conference held in connection with the Centennial Exhi- bi'^ion. PURPOSE To foster the development of libraries and the use of books, and to assist in making books a vital, working, educational force in Amer- ican life, and in making libraries easily accessible to all people. NATURE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN OR SERVICE RENDERED Giving through the Association Headquarters and Committees advisory assistance to all who are interested in library establishment, extension and development. Promoting the development of libraries, especially in rural districts. Maintaining a free Employment Bureau which serves librarians seeking positions, and libraries which need librarians and assistants. Publishing books, periodicals and pamphlets which aid in the establishment of libraries, and which aid trustees and librarians in rendering library service. Holding annual conferences (open to the public) for the discussion of library topics, and publishing the conference Papers and Pro- ceedings. Attracting promising young men and women who have the nec- essary personal and educational qualifications, to library work as a pro- fession. Publishing books for the blind in Revised Braille. Grade one and one-half. COUNTY LIBRARIES The A. L. A. is especially interested in promoting county libraries. It is prepared to supply exhibits, leaflets for distribution, pictures for reproduction in periodicals, slides for illustrating county library talks and special advisory assistance in any county library problem. HEADQUARTERS 78 East Washington Street, Chicago. METHOD OF PROCEDURE IN CONNECTION WITH SUCH ACTIVITIES OR SERVICES The Association gives advisory assistance by correspondence and in personal conference. It promotes library development through general library publicity. It always works through local and state library agencies where such agencies exist. It publishes pamphlets and books ranging in price from five cents to six dollars each; they include book selection and book buying aids; lists of children's books on special subjects; lists of books in foreign languages; various indexes 16 as for example, an index to kindergarten songs and an index to plays for children, an A. L. A. Manual of Library Economy, pamphlets on library establishment; on library buildings and equipment; on library training; cataloging; children's libraries; school libraries; mending and binding, etc. Much important work is done through active committees, including for example those on Legislation, Federal and State Relations, Insti- tutional Libraries, Work with the Blind and Work with the Foreign Born. TERRITORY COVERED AT PRESENT The United States and Canada especially, but the Association has members in many foreign countries. HOW INDIVIDUALS MAY SECURE THE SERVICES OFFERED By applying to the American Library Association, 78 East Wash- ington Street, Chicago, 111. PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FOR DISTRIBUTION Leaflets on County Libraries, and Librarianship as a profession. (County Libraries.) Two exhibits of book binding, mending and repair of books, are available. Other exhibits are now being prepared, including one on County Libraries. PRESENT OFFICERS President, Alice S. Tyler, Library School, Western Reserve Uni- versity, Cleveland, Ohio. First Vice-President, H. H. B. Meyer, Library of Congress, Wash- ington, D. C. Second Vice-President, Louise B. Krause, Librarian, H. M. Byll- esby & Co., Chicago, 111. Secretary, Carl H. Milam, 78 East Washington St., Chicago, III. Treasurer, Edward D. Tweedell, The John Crerar Library, Chi- cago, III. HEADQUARTERS ADDRESS 78 East Washington St., Chicago, 111. AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS Headquarters Seventeenth and D. Streets, Washington, D. C. The American Red Cross was formed, as were the Red Cross Socie- ties in other countries, in response to the recommendation of the In- 17 ternational Conference of Geneva in 1863, "that there exist in every country a comlmittee whose mission consists in cooperating in times of war with the hospital service of the armies by all means in its power. The first American Association of the Red Cross was incorporated m the District of Columbia, in 1881. HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED As originally proposed, the Red Cross Societies were designed to supplement the medical services of armies in time of war, but the great need of a thoroughly trained and eificient organization, national in scope and permanent in character, to render assistance after great dis- aster and to develope preventive work was early seen and has been so well established that many of the Red Cross Societies have extended their functions to include relief operations in time of peace. Provis- ions to this effect appear in the first articles of incorporation in 1881, and when the American Red Cross was reincorporated and placed un- der government supervision by act of Congress, approved January 5, J905, its purpose (in addition to. its duties in time of war and in rela- tion to the army and navy at all times) was declared to be; "To con- tinue and carry on a system of national and international relief in time of peace and to apply the same in mitigating the suff'erings caused by pestilence, famine, fire, floods, and other great national calamities, and to devise and carry on measures for preventing the same," through such plans, policies and regulations as the National Central Commit- tee may establish in conformity with the charter. PURPOSE The work of the Red Cross covers two fields, the domestic and the foreign. Domestic activities are carried on mainly through the local chapter which usually covers a county. A national headquarters and nine division offices render such counsel and assistance to the various chapters as the progress of their work necessitates. Contact between division headquarters and chapters is maintained through a staff of field representatives, each of whom represents all the services of the organization in a definite territory, including, on the average, thirty counties. Each chapter has a headquarters town and almost every chapter (with the exception of a few of those in large cities) has branches. Branches cover one or more communities. The chapter organization consists of a chapter chairman, vice- chairman, secretary, treasurer, executive committee and one or more of such project committees as may be necessary. In some chapters, these are all combined in one service committee. In a few chapters! there is a special rural service committee largely or wholly made up of rural people. Many branches have committees for branch activities. 18 Within the scope of Red Cross work, the chapter has local autonomy in the choice of its own program. The executive committee decides upon the particular activities which are to be undertaken in its chapter, and employs workers. A chapter may have an executive secretary, a home service secretary, one or more public health nurses, or workers in two or all three of these positions, or in still other positions, as the program requires. Red Cross work, both city and rural, is classified under the follow- ing main services: Disaster Relief Service, First Aid, Health Service, Home Service, Information Service, Instruction in Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick, Junior Red Cross, Military Relief, Nursing Service, Nutrition Service, Post-War Services, Public Health Nursing Service, and Volunteer Service. ORGANIZATION The Red Cross does not have a rural program that is distinct from its city program. The following represent the types of work carried on by chapters: District Relief Service, by means of which every community with- in the chapter jurisdiction is prepared to give immediate organized as- sistance in disasters, such as tornadoes, fires, floods, pestilence, etc. First Aid work, including the formation of classes for instruc- tion in accident prevention and first aid, introduction of courses of these subjects in high schools and colleges, distribution at minimum cost of first aid books and supplies, establishing of life-saving corps of men and women and of juniors for safeguarding from drowning, and cooperation with other organizations in disseminating information re- lating to all the above topics. Health Service. This is provided through various means, one of which is the Health Center, where literature is available, and where public meetings, conferences, demonstrations, lectures on health sub- jects, or clinics are held. Such a center may be conducted by the Red Cross alone, or in cooperation with local agencies. Home Service, consisting of practical forms of social service work in the community. This has to do primarily with ex-service or service men and their families. It may also deal with civilian families in need of help in communities where no other family welfare agency exists and where the division officers has approved the extension of the chapter's home service activities to civilians. Instruction in Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick, comprising classes in these subjects given in standard, modified, and adapted form; distribution of free literature, and textbook distribution at cost. Junior Red Cross, carried on through the public schools, under the direction of the chapter school committee on which school officials are represented. It trains for citizenship through service. Enrollment 19 IS on the basis of the school as a unit. The requirements are that each room subscribe to the Junior Red Cross News (fifty cents a year), and participate in service work. Personal membership is based on def- inite, individual service. Junior activities include sharing in the chapter's general program and also an inter-school correspondence plan, the production of garments, toys, and simple playground equip- ment, and other service for the school group, or for children elsewhere in the community or abroad. Nutrition Service, including nutrition classes for undernourished children; classes in food selection especially for the mothers of the children in the nutrition classes; and also assistance in establishing hot lunches for school children used as a basis for education in food values. Public Health Nursing which includes bedside, pre-natal, matern- ity, tuberculosis and industrial nursing; infant and child welfare work; mental hygiene nursing; communicable disease control and health education. Volunteer Service which enlists volunteer workers in any lines of Red Cross work. It provides, for example, for the production of gar- ments and supplies as emergencies demand; the establishing of can- teen facilities when needed; the maintenance of a reserve motor service for use in emergencies, disasters, or epidemics, and a permanent civ- ilian motor service as an aid to local agencies; and also the transcrib- ing of books into Braille for the blind. In addition to these forms of work, the local chapter cooperates with other agencies in developing community and county organiza- tion programs. It desires the closest possible working understanding with every agency operating in the same general field. SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES FOR CHAPTERS A community wishing to start a special Red Cross activity should consult the chairman of the chapter in which the community is locat- ed in order that the executive committee may arrange for the work to be done if the chapter is equipped to handle it, or may consult the Red Cross division office if its special advice and direction is needed. TERRITORY COVERED AT PRESENT The United States. METHOD OF PROCEDURE IN SECURING RED CROSS SERVICES Exhibits of the general work of the Red Cross, of Junior Red Cross, and of First Aid may be had for large conferences or conven- tions. PUBLICATIONS AND EXHIBITS Publications issued free by the Red Cross include its Annual Re- 20 port and a large number of pamphlets in relation to the activities of the various Services. In addition the Red Cross publishes a weekly newspaper, The Red Cross Courier, at the subscription price of $1 a year, and the Junior Red Cross News at 50 cents for nine issues covering the school year. It also has for sale the following handbooks and textbooks: A. R. C. 412, Handbook of Social Resources of the U. S., $1 a copy A. R. C. 718, A Course in Food Selection, 50 cents. Textbook on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick, cloth bound, $1.25; paper, 70 cents. First Aid and Relief Columns, $1. First Aid Textbook, General Edition, cloth, 75 cents; paper, 40 cents. Industrial Edition, 40 cents. Women's Edition, 40 cents. Miners' Edition, 30 cents. Foreign Edition, 30 cents. OFFICERS National Officers Warren G. HarcHng, President. Robert W. de Forest, Vice-President. William Howard Taft, Vice-President. Eliot Wadsworth, Treasurer. James M. Beck, Counselor. Mable T. Boardroan, Secretary. Executive Committee John Barton Payne, Chairman. Mabel T. Boardman. Merritte W. Ireland. Edward R. Stitt. Henry P Davison. Eloit Wadsworth. Mrs. Augusta Belmont. George E. Scott. Gustavus D. Pope. ExeoutiTe Officers John Barton Payne, Chairman. W. Frank Persons, Vice-Chairman in Charge of Domestic Oper- ations. Albert Ross Hill. Vice-Chairman in Charge of Foreign Operations. Charles Scott, Jr., Vice-Chairman in Charge of Finances. 21 Division Managers Arthur G. Rotch, 73 Newbury St., Boston, Mass. Howard J. Rogers, 44 East 23rd St., New York City. Starr Cadwallader, 4021 Prospect Ave. Cleveland, Ohio. Walter Davidson, 308 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111. Dr. J. E. Crichton, 315 University St., Seattle, Wash. George Filmer, Civic Center, San Francisco, Cal. James L. Feiser, Equitable Building, St. Louis, Mo. Harry L. Hopkins, 249 Ivey St., Atlanta, Ga. Charles H. Foster (acting), 17th and D. Sts., Washington, D. C. CHILD HEALTH ORGANIZATION OF AMERICA HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED The Child Health Organization of America was organized in June, 1918, as a result of a meeting of physicians at the New York Academy of Medicine. For the first two years the Organization, na- tion-wide in scope, acted with the National Child Labor Committee, Inc. In January 1921 it became incorporated in its own name under the laws of New York State and its work now extends throughout the United States and Canada. Contacts have also been made in 32 foreign countries. The activities of the Organization are directed by a Board of Trustees through an Executive Committee, a Financial Committee, a Staff and a General Committee. PURPOSE AND OBJECT To raise the Standard of Health of the School Child. SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN AND SERVICE RENDERED The Organization carries on extensive personal correspondence with health workers, thus acting as a clearing-house for new ideas and developments in the field of Health Education. A special feature is made of the health problems of the rural school. Publications are prepared to meet known needs. Special methods of propaganda and organization are developed for the use of g'roups working with childern of school age. Speakers are furnished if expenses are paid and material is supplied at cost. Dramatic demonstrators whose performance vivify "The Rules of the Game" are also available. (The rules approved by pediatrists are the simplest health requirements.) The demonstrators Cho-Cho the Jolly Jester, Happy and the Health Fairy who is also a Health consultant, may be used by any group, the charges being $25.00 for a single performance, plus traveling and living expenses. Joy, another 22 character, is available to demonstrate with groups of children, the value and practicability of teaching health through dramatics. Co-operating with the Bureau of Education the Child Health Organization is stimulating teachers and health workers all over the country to devise new and better methods of training children in health habits. Special emphasis is laid on the necessity for securing the ac- tive cooperation of the child himself by arousing his interest through health plays and games, clubs, story-telling, posters, rhymes and songs. Teachers are particularly urged to correlate health habits with the subjects of the general curriculum and this method has been found especially valuable and effective in rural schools. THE ORGANIZATION IS WORKING SPECIFICALLY FOR: 1. A scale in every school. 2. Every child's weight record sent home on the monthly report card. 3. Time allowed in every school day for interesting children in the establishment of health habits. 4. A hot school lunch available for every child. 5. Teachers trained in Normal School to teach health habits. METHODS OF PROCEDURE IN CONNECTION WITH SUCH ACTIV- ITIES OR SERVICE Letters and visitors are received. Careful consideration is given to the child health problems of schools, boards of health, normal schools, nurses, dietitians, physical training teachers. Red Cross work- ers, anti-tuberculosis workers and other social workers, and solutions are suggested. Many workers gain assistance through articles prepared by the Organization and published in various periodicals. HOW INDIVIDUALS MAY SECURE THE SERVICES OFFERED By applying to the Child Health Organization of America, 370 Seventh Avenue, New York City. PUBLICATIONS Prepared by the Child Health Organization for the Federal Bureau of Education. (Secured through the Superintendent of Document, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.) Health Education Series: Class Room Weight Record. Wanted! Teachers to Enlist for Health Service. Diet for the School Child. Summer Health and Play School. Teaching Health. Child Health Program for Parent-Teacher Associations and Women's Clubs. 23 Further Steps in Teaching Health. The Lunch Hour at School. Health Training for Teachers. Your Opportunity in the Schools. Suggestions for a Program for Health Teaching in the Ele- mentary Schools. (Price list furnished upon application) obtainable at 370 Seventh Avenue, New York City. Weight Cards. Tags. Posters. Health in Play. My Health Book. Standards of Nutrition and Growth. The Demonstration and its application. The Nutrition Class. Alphabet Cards, A to Z (reverse side blank suitable for local notices or clinic instructions). Cho-Cho's Health Game. Health Plays for School Children. Rosy Cheeks and Strong Heart. Rhymes of Cho-Cho's Grandma. Cho-Cho and the Health Fairy. Child Health Alphabet. Four Plays Dramatizing "Cho-Cho and Health Fairy" Stories. Happy's Calendar. Milk, the Master Carpenter. PRESENT OFFICERS Dr. L. Emmett Holt, President of the Board of Trustees. Dr. Thomas D. Wood, Vice-President. Dr. Fredrick Peterson, Secretary. James G. Berrien, Treasurer. Sally Lucas Jean, Staff Director. HEADQUARTERS ADDRESS Penn. Terminal Building, 370 Seventh Avenue, New York City. CHURCH AND COUNTRY LIFE DEPARTMENT- BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED The Board of Home Missions was organized in 1816. The Church and Country Life Work was begun in 1910. 24 PURPOSE AND OBJECT The purpose of this work is to promote the interest of country churches and to serve the people in the community where the country church is located in all of their common needs, in the name and in the spirit of Jesus Christ. ACTIVITIES Activities: Evangelism, the location of resident pastors, the erec- tion of manses, provision for adequate salaries, preparation of pro- grams, extensive correspondence with ministers and religious workers of all denominations, short course training for ministers and religious workers in the country (men and women), the administration of about fifty "Demonstration Parishes" in all parts of the country, the mak- ing and publishing of social surveys, publicity service. ORGANIZATION The work is organized according to Synods which correspond in general to states, and according to Presbyteries which are local fellowships covering in each case from three to ten counties. METHOD OF PROCEDURE The method of procedure consists in securing contributions for the work, employing workers and directing their activities, usually by correspondence; conferences, publications and field work, and visits of field superintendents. TERRITORY COVERED The boundaries of the United States, Alaska, Cuba, Porto Rico and Santo Domingo. Under the whole Board of Home Missions there are employed about 1,800 missionaries, five-sixths of whom are rural. The rural department is directing work in over fifty communities and employes about ninety workers. PUBLICATIONS Monthly journal called "Home Lands" and about a score of pamphlets dealing with various phases of the country church. PRESENT OFFICERS General Secretary of the Board: John A. Marquis. Director of Church and Country Life Work: Warren H. Wilson. HEADQUARTERS ADDRESS Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America; Church and Country Life Work: 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 25 COMMUNITY SERVICE. {Incorporated) HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED Organized in February, 1919. Incorporated on March 4, 1919. PURPOSE OR OBJECT It is the purpose of Community Service, (Incorporated) to help people of all communities to employ their leisure time to their best ad- vantage for recreation and good citizenship and a deeper, richer, more well-rounded life for all citizens and for the community as a whole. NATURE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN OR SERVICES RENDERED Community Service organizations are extending their aid from time to time to rural communities in helping nearby rural districts to work out their rural problems. Sometimes institutes are held for rural school teachers. What is done and what can be done depends entirely upon the resources of Community Service in the nearby town or city. Community Service, (Incorporated) has prepared a special handbook on rural recreation activities. ORGANIZATION In general. Community Service has no organization by states or counties except that in Michigan under a state law Community Ser- vice has co-operated in establishing work by counties. Ordinarily Community Service has its relation directly with the local community whatever the local district be. HOW INDIVIDUALS MAY SECURE SERVICES Local communities are free to communicate directly with national headquarters for information on any specific problem. METHOD OF PROCEDURE Correspondence is received from a very large number of persons scattered all over the country but no attempt is made to keep records of just what states and counties are represented in this correspondence. PUBLICATIONS AND EXHIBITS List of publications may be secured on request. PRESENT OFFICERS Joseph Lee, President; Myron T. Herrick, Treasurer; H. S. 26 Braucher, Secretary. Correspondence and Consultation Bureau, George D. Butler. HEADQUARTERS ADDRESS One Madison Avenue, New York. o DEPARTMENT OF RURAL WORK, BOARD OF HOME MISS- IONS AND CHURCH EXTENSION OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED The Department Was Authorized By The General Conference in May, 1916. The Work Began in January, 1917. PURPOSE AND OBJECT The purposes of the Department are stated in the legislation of the General Conference in the following terms: 1. The Department of Rural Work shall have the following powers and duties: To encourage the organization of Rural Societies as here- inafter provided, and to cooperate with them when established. 2. To make surveys in rural Church fields in order to ascertain their resources and needs and to determine the center where permanent Church enterprises might be established which would serve the whole community. 3. To apportion such funds as may be appropriated for this pur- pose to strategic centers widely distributed throughout the country for a given period of years and thus to demonstrate the service such a Church enterprise can render. 4. To recommend to the responsibile organizations case where de- nominational exchanges should be made and where cooperative or fed- erated plans could be worked out to prevent overlapping by competing denominations, and also to point out where Churches of our own den- omination should be united. 5. To promote the study of rural sociology among our Ministers, and in our Colleges and Theological Schools, and to plan complete Courses of Study in our denominational Colleges for the preparation of those who catch the vision and feel the call to life-work in the rural field. 6. To cooperate with all the allies of the Church in the great task of improving the economic, social, educational, and religious life of the people in the rural sections 7. To have such further powers and duties as will help to keep 27 our Church fully abreast of the best thought and experience of the day concerning rural life. RURAL SOCIETIES. I. Rural Societies may be organized on any District of any Annual Conference. They shall be auxiliary to the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, and report to the same. 2. Such Societies may select their own name, determine their own organization, and prosecute such work as they deem best, under the advice of the Superintendent of the Rural Work Department. 3. These Societies shall give special attention to the survey of their fields, to the development of a more efficient rural ministry, to re- ligious and social work in neglected comrnunities, and especially among non-English-speaking people, to the establishment of-, new Churches where needed, to the consolidation of Churches in over-churched com- munities, to the encouragement of a spirit of unity ainong our own Churches and cooperation and federation with other denominations. ANNUAL CONFERENCE BOARDS In each Annual Conference there shall be a Conference Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, Composed of the Dis- trict Superintendents ex ofjicio, and an equal number of Ministers and Laymen elected by the Annual Conference on nomination of the Dis- trict Superintendents. Such Board shall have a President, Vice-Presi- dent, Secretary and Treasurer. These officers, together with the Dis- trict Superintendents, shall constitute an Executive Committee, with authority to recommend contingent or emergency appropriations, and to distribute all Home Mission Funds at the disposal of the Annual Conference. NATURE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN OR SERVICES RENDERED The Department has organized and promoted forty-two Rural Minister's Associations. (In a few cases these organizations are call- ed Rural Life Commissions or Rural Life Conferences.) These Rural Ministers Associations are designed to stimulate in- terest in rural work and loyalty to it. Incidentally, these Associations have considerable influence in registering the desires of the rural min- istry in matters of general Church policy. In addition, the Department has organized and promoted one hundred and one Rural District Societies or Associations in various sections of the country. The Rural District Societies are working out a program designed to achieve the following: An intimate knowledge of the relationship of the church to rural community needs of the District. (2) The organization of the work of the District so that the Methodist Episco- 28 pal Church can do her full share in contributing to the social and re- ligious needs of rural people. (3) The adjustment of interdenomina- tional relationship of Methodism so that the co-operation will take the place of competition. (4) The location of church, residence of pastors, so that every community will have one resident pastor, so that the present over-churched situation in rural and village communi- ties may be overcome. (5) The putting on of a program in the local charge which will relate the church as leader to every phase of com- munity life and particularly to the social and recreational activities. This includes the encouragement of building of churches or parish houses providing for community service. Over 400 such churches and parish houses were built during the year 1920. ORGANIZATION OF WORK WITH REFERENCE TO STATES, COUN- TIES AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES The work of the Methodist Episcopal Church is organized on the basis of General Conference Districts, Areas, Conferences, Dis- tricts, Charges and Churches Area and Conference boundaries are not changed frequently. They do not correspond to state boundaries. District and charge boundaries are changed quite often so that it would be difficult to co-ordinate the work of the Methodist Episcopal Church under any one official local leadership permanently with that of the other organizations. METHOD OF PROCEDURE IN CONNECTION WITH ACTIVITIES OR SERVICES The service of the Department to rural communities is carried out ultimately through the work of the local pastor. The pastors are appointed by the District Superintendents and Bishops, who cooperate with the Departments in the selection of men especially equipped for the development of rural work. These men are placed on difficult rural charges with missionary support until such time as the charge can be broueht to adequate self support. The methods of work en- couraged are dependent upon local conditions and needs but include in a general wav, a parish survey and the adoption of a program of community service designed to meet the immediate and urgent needs of the community. In addition to this the Department is encouraging interdenomina- tional co-operation for country programs of community service. TERRITORY COVERED AT PRESENT The Departmenfs work covers all the territory of the United States, including Hawaii, Porto Rico and Alaska. As stated above, the Department does not work by counties but by Districts and the list of Districts organized has been mentioned. 20 METHOD OF SECURING SERVICES The limits of final cooperation of the Department of Rural Work of the Board of Home Missions is determined first, by the Centenary survey and program which was made in 1919. This provides a given budget for each District in the United States and from year to year a budget of missionary aid and Church Extension support is made up by a representative of the office in consultation with District Superin- tendents and the proper committee of his District Missionary Society. This proposed budget is passed upon by the Conference Board of Home Missions and Church Extension and is then submitted to the National Board for its approval. In addition to this fund the Board has available a Reconstruction Fund which amounted during the year 1921 to $1,067.00 which does not include the amount expended in War Scholarships. This fund is available for developing church and parish houses, parsonages or other building projects and for main- tenance in urgent cases not anticipated by the original Centenary survey or for projects arising out of conditions resulting from the war. Special application blanks are available on application to the Department of Rural Work, for consideration under this fund. The Department endeavors to limit all grants for Church Exten- sion or for Home Missionary aid to charges which are absolutely free problems of interdenominational competition and encourage the adjustment of relationships as a preliminary to recommending financial support. A small emergency fund is also available in cases of fire, flood or unforeseen catastrophy. Literature and information with reference to the program of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension may be secured on application made to the office, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia. Applications for missionary or Church Extension aid must have the approval of the Rural District Society or Conference Board. PUBLICATIONS OR EXHIBITS The E>epartment of Rural Work now has the following material available for distribution : The Church at the Center Rural News Letters A Rural Church Program The Story of Brookhaven District The Challenge of Portsmouth District The Rural Society Bibliography 30 Reports of the Department of Rural Work 1917, 1918, 1919 The Story of Buck Creek Parish OFFICERS Officers of the Board of Home Missions: Bishop Joseph F. Berry, President. William J. Elliott, Treasurer. David D. Forsyth, Corresponding Secretary. Officers of Departments: Church Extension: Whitford L. McDowell. City Work: Melvin P. Burns. Rural Work: Paul L. Vogt Frontier Work: Charles E. Vermilya. Evangelism: George B. Dean. Officers of Bureaus: Foreign-speaking Work: William M. Gilbert. Negro Work: William A. C. Hughes. Publicity: Ralph Welles Keeler. All correspondence with reference to rural work should be ad- dressed to Paul L. Vogt. HEADQUARTERS ADDRESS 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. FEDERAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES AND HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED A. Federal Council of Churches — Organized 1908; rural work, 1910. B. Home Missions Council — rural work organized 1908. It should be understood that the Federal Council of Churches is an ecclesiastical organization which is the national agency of thirty- one co-operating denominations. The Home Missions Council is a national co-operative agency of forty mission boards. The Federal Council and the Home Missions Council are co-oper- ating bodies, the latter being particularly concerned with those areas of Amierica in which church policies are still largely administered by the aid of both mission funds. PURPOSE AND OBJECT Both of these agencies aim within their respective sphere to co-or- dinate the work of their various constituent members in the rural field. 31 NATURE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN OR SERVICES RENDERED These agencies furnish a clearing house for information in regard to country methods. They are promoting a standard policy for country churches. They are co-operating in a committee on social and Relig- ious Surveys which is taking surveys of social and religious conditions in the country, and on the basis of the results attained they are formu- lating policies and initiating programs with the co-operation of the local agencies, they are adjusting interchurch relations. They are re- lating the church to other social agencies and thru such local churches are assisting to develop the best life in our smaller communities. They are training religious workers for rural leadership in summer schools scattered all over the country. METHOD OF PROCEDURE IN CONNECTION WITH SUCH ACTIVITIES OR SERVICES The two co-operating bodies working thru committees and com- missions can reach every rural church within their constituency either directly or generally thru the channels of the co-operating denomina- tions. Publicity, educational methods, conferences, conventions and surveys are all used to make effective the program. TERRITORY COVERED AT PRESENT The whole United States, More than thirty denominations with a constituency of fifty millions of people are co-operating. Twenty- one states are organized with state federations, state committees, state commissions or state home missions councils. A growing number of county organizations also exist. The organizations have inherited the assets of the rural work of the Interchurch World Movement.. HOW INDIVIDUALS MAY SECURE THE SERVICES OFFERED Services may be secured by making application to the proper officers listed below or by writing to the main offices of the. two organ- izations: A— Federal Council of Churches, 105 East 22nd Street, New York City; B— Home Missions Council, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FOR DISTRIBUTION The Church and Country Life. Six Thousand Country Churches. The Country Church in the New World Order. Church Union and the Rural Church. A Rural Community House. The New Country Church Building. The Movement Toward Church Unity in Local Communities. The Church in the Community, and other books and pamphlets. ^2 PRESENT OFFICERS Federal Council of ChuTches President, Dr. Robert E. Speer. General Secretary, Rev. Charles S. MacFarland. Treasurer, Alfred R. Kimball. Commission on Church and Country Life Chairman, Gifford Pinchot. Executive Secretary, Rev. Edmund deS. Brunner. Office Secretary, Mathilde E. Pritchard. Home Missions Council President, Rev. Charles L. Thompson. Executive Secretary, Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony. Treasurer, William T. Demarest. Associate Secretary, Rev. Rodney W. Roundy. Town and Country Committee Chairman, Dr. D. D. Forsyth. Executive Secretary, Rev. Edmund deS. Brunner. Associate, Benson Y. Landis. Office Secretary, Mathilde E. Pritchard. GIRL SCOUTS, Inc. 189 Lexington Avenue New York City HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED The organization in the United States was founded by Mrs. Jul- iette Low, in March 1912. It was definitely patterned after the Girl Guides of England, the sister organization of the Boy Scouts, founded by Sir Robert Baden-Powell. The Girl Scouts were incorporated as a National organization in 1915. Mrs. Jane Deeter Rippin is the National Director, and has direct responsibility for the work of the field and office staffs. The Executive Board is appointed by the National Council, which is the governing body of the organization, and is composed of the fol- lowing members: NATIONAL OFFICERS Mrs. Juliette Low, Founder Mrs. Herbert Hoover, President 33 Mrs. James J. Storrow, First Vice-President Mrs. Arthur Osgood Choate, Second Vice-President Mrs. Julius Rosenwald, Tiiird Vice-President Mrs. William F. Sims, Fourth Vice-President Mrs E. M. Swift, Fifth Vice-President Mrs. Nicholas F. Brady, Treasurer Mrs. V. Everit Macy, Chairman Executive Board Mr. Douglass Campbell, Counsel Mrs. Jane Deeter Rippin, Director EXECUTIVE BOARD Miss Sarah Louise Arnold Mrs. V. Everit Macy Mrs. Leo Arnstein Miss E. Owen Martin Mrs. Selden Bacon Mrs. William G. McAdoo Mrs. Nicholas F. Brady Mrs. Robert G. Mead Mrs. Fredrick H. Brooks Miss Llewellyn Parsons Mrs. Francis K. Carey Mrs. Harold I. Pratt Mrs. Francis P. Dodge Mrs. Theodore H. Price Mrs. James Doherty Mrs. W. N. Rothschild Mrs. Fredrick Edey Mrs. A. Clifford Shinkle Mrs. Arthur W. Hartt Mrs. Charies Welch Mrs. Percy H. Williams The general purpose of the Girl Scouts is to bring to all girls the opportunity for group experience, outdoor life, and to learn through work, but more through play, to serve their community. Activities center around the three main interests of Home-making, Health and citizenship. CAMPS Of all health promoting activities, camping is the best, and this means all stages of life in the open, from the day's hikes with one meal out of doors, to the overnight or week-end hike, and finally the large camp, open all summer. During 1921 about sixty large Girl Scout camps were maintain- ed in sixteen states. These are self-supporting, and as they are open for ten weeks as a rule, and accomodate about fifty girls at a time, they give an opportunity to several thousand for the best sort of holiday. PROFICIENCY BADGES There are forty-seven subjects in which a Girl Scout may achieve recognition. Each subject is represented by a Proficiency Badge which the girl may wear when she has earned it. Just to mention a few: a Giri Scout may be an artist, a beekeeper, a business woman, a crafts- man, a dancer, an electrician, a farmer, a flower finder, a horsewoman, an interpreter, a motorist, a musician, a swimmer or a star-gazer. The 34 highest award given is the Golden Eaglet, which means the earning of twenty-one Proficiency Badges of which fifteen are in required subjects. About 2,000 Proficiency Badges are earned each month. ORGANIZATION Three separate programs are provided for Scouts of different ages: 1. Brownies or Juniors, for girls seven to ten years. 2. Girl Scouts, ten to eighteen years. 3. Citizen Scouts, for older girls who may be either First Class Scouts over sixteen, or girls eighteen and over, who are tak- ing up Scouting for the first time. PATROL Eight girls form a patrol which is the working unit. From these is selected a patrol leader who, with a corporal, has charge of the activ- ities of the patrol. TROOP One or more patrols constitute a troop, which is the administrative unit recognized at National Headquarters. The troop meets weekly; wherever possible at a place which "belongs" to it. Whenever possible troops meet outdoors. Troops are self supporting, and earn money for all equipment as well as for camps and hikes or special activities. Troops are registered with National Headquarters and pay annual dues of fifty cents for each member. They also have their own local dues, generally five or ten cents weekly. CAPTAIN The troop is under the direction of a captain who must be at least twenty-one years of age and whose qualifications as a leader of girls is passed upon by National Headquarters before she is com- missioned. LIEUTENANT A captain may have one or more lieutenants. The lieutenant must be at least eighteen years of age and her commission is likewise subject to control by the National Headquarters. RANKS There are three ranks of scouts: Tenderfoot, Second Class and First Class. Requirements for each rank, with full details of instruc- tion are given in Handbook. HANDBOOK The ofl^icial Handbook, "Scouting for Girls", (572 pp) contains all necessary information for organizing and directing Girl Scout Troops. In addition to complete information about organization it contains 35 comprehensive articles on such topics as Home Making, Child Nursing, Home Nursing, First Aid, Personal and Public Health, Woodcraft, Camping, Signalling, Gardening, Nature Study, and Map Making. There are profuse illustrations. Among our other publications are, "Campward Ho," a manual for Camp Directors, "Introductory Training Course For Girl Scout Officers," a monthly magazine, "The American Girl," and miscellane- ous pamphlets. LOCAL COUNCIL In any community where there are Girl Scouts a Local Council is organized as soon as the growth of the movement warrants it. A Local Council is a body of representative men and women, varying in number, according to the size of the community, organ- ized for the purpose of promoting the welfare of the Girl Scouts in that district. The Council should include representatives of schools, churches of all denominations, social and civic organizations such as women's clubs and playground associations. The Local Director is the executive officer of a Local Council. TROOP COMMITTEES In places where Scouting is not strong enough to warrant the organization of a Local Council, a Troop Committee is formed from three to five members who act in an advisory capacity to the Captain of the Troop. A Troop Committee may exist where there is a Local Council, in which it is responsible to the Council in all work undertaken by the Troop or Troops which it represents. DISTRICT DIRECTORS For purposes of administration, the country has been divided into regions, each in charge of a director who is responsible to the National Director. MEMBERSHIP Membership in the Girl Scout organization is not restricted by race, creed or color, and is open to any girl who expresses a desire to join and voluntarily accepts the Promise and Laws. There are at present 115,000 Scouts including 230 officers; 8,000 Local Councils, representing 1500 communities. TERRITORY Scouting girls exist in every state in the United States; in Hawaii, Alaska and Panama. The Girl Scouts are associated with the general movement of Scouting in 29 different countries, through the Inter- national Council of Scouts which holds an annual meeting, occurring in England every alternate year. 36 SOURCES OF INCOME The Girl Scout organization has three sources of income besides donations, which are membership dues from Scouts, officers and mem- bers of Local Councils, subscription and advertising from "The Ameri- can Girl," and the proceeds of the Shop where equipment of all sorts, and literature is sold. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION Any person desiring information about the Girl Scout movement or the organization of Girl Scout Troops, may write directly to National Headquarters, 189 Lexington Avenue, New York City. In a community where there is a local Girl Scout Headquarters, the Council should be the medium of communication. CO-OPERATION WITH ALLIED ORGANIZATIONS The Girl Scouts have a genuine desire to co-operate in the work of such organization as the American Red Cross, The Camp Fire Girls, The Community Service, The Child Health Organization, and the American Country Life Association, because in their respective ways they are teaching girls to realize that it is important to play, and to play well — that by bringing the spirit of play into all they do, the winning of health, the keeping of homes, the betterment of community, they are turning life itself into the best play of all. NATIONAL CHILD HEALTH COUNCIL 17th St.— Between D and E Washington, D. C. GENERAL PURPOSE The Council has been formed to co-ordinate activities relating to the health of the child from the beginning of the prenatal period thru early adolescence. The child health work of member organ- izations will be co-ordinated with that of public departments and private organizations engaged wholly or partly in national work for the health of infants and older children. ORGANIZATION The council consists of two representatives, one an executive and the other a director, from each private national organization which has joined the Council. The constituent organizations at present are: American Child Hygiene Association. American Red Cross. Child Health Organization of America. 37 National Child Labor Committee. National Organization for Public Health Nursing. National Tuberculosis Association. This organization resulted from a conference called by the Amer- ican Red Cross in March, 1920, at the request of some of the organ- izations interested. Definite organization plans were developed after several meetings during the same year. On September 26, 1920, the Council began active work with the employment of an executive secretary and the opening of an office in Washington, D. C. METHODS The constituent organizations of the Council clear their literature, plans, programs and itineraries, so far as they deal with child health, thru the Council. Methods of co-ordinating the work of the constit- uent organizations, in their relationship with each other with other national organizations and with public departments and state and local agencies, are being developed thru reports, conferences and field experimentation. National advisory committees, broadly representative of expert opinion and including delegates from national organizations specializ- ing in certain fields and individuals of outstanding ability and know- ledge in the same fields, are being organized as there is demand for their services. These committees will serve as national advisory groups for the purpose of securing timely and useful consensuses of authorita- tive opinion on policies, methods of work, types of literature, and other important problems that are of common interest to those engaged in child health work. Advisory committees either have been or will be organized on the following subjects: Health Provisions for State Relating to Children. Foods and Nutrition. Health Education of School Children. Publications. Current Child Health News and Literature. Medical Service. Public Health Nursing. Statistics and Record Forms. Sanitation, Illumination and Ventilation SERVICES The services of the Council will be primarily available to its constituent organizations but also to allied national organizations and public departments engaged in child health work, for the purpose of co-ordinating their work and increasing their effectiveness. The services of the national advisory committees will be available 38 not only to national organizations but also to state and local organiza- tions, in securing a consensus of authoritative opinion on important problems relating to child health. CHILD HEALTH DEMONSTRATION The Council will conduct a national demonstration of a well rounded child health program, over a period of from three to five years in Mansfield and Richland County, Ohio. NATIONAL CHILD LABOR COMMITTEE HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED The National Child Labor Committee was organized April 15, 1904, and incorporated by Act of Congress, February 21, 1907. It owes its origin to the coming together of several men and women who, in different parts of the country, had been aroused by what they had seen of child labor in some of its worst forms, and to the publication of census figures showing the great extent of the evil. GENERAL STATEMENT OF PURPOSE The object of the committee has been stated to be : "The safeguard- ing of childhood as it is affected by industrial, agricultural and edu- cational factors, through promoting the enactment and enforcement of progressive legislation and through the development of enlightened public opinion". The committee's effort goes beyond legislation — it goes beyond prohibition to all practicable means and methods of pre- vention, some of which require legislation and some of which do not. The committee is vitally interested in the whole problem of prema- ture school leaving. It is interested, as well, in the establishment of the substitutes for child labor, particularly suitable schooling, suitable play and suitable work — and in this both as a method and as a goal of child labor reform. Not an unoccupied but a well occupied childhood is its aim. NATURE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN OR SERVICES RENDERED The legislative program of the committee is chiefly concerned with child labor laws, compulsory education laws, mothers' pension laws, and so-called Children's Codes. Items in the program may be listed as follows: Better child labor laws, better enforced; better school attendance laws, better enforced; better schools with stronger holding power of their own; vocational training, guidance, and placement; health supervision of the child in school and at work; physical examin- ation of applicants for working papers; provision of public recreation facilities for children; children's scholarships, mothers' pensions, and other means of relieving and preventing poverty; all children under 16 39 in school on full time; all children between 16 and 18 in part-time or continuation schools if not attending school on full time. Throughout its existence the Committee has emphasized the necessity of efficient ad- ministration. In the last few years it has devoted much attention to the Children's Code, which represents the attempt, in a given state, to standardize and co-ordinate the laws and administrative agencies having to do with children and to supply laws and agencies covering aspects of child welfare that have been neglected in the statutes. The National Child Labor Committee from its inception has based its work on first-hand knowledge gained through careful investigation. Today the Committee has a large staff of trained investigators whose services are placed at the disposal of any community desirous of discovering the truth about itself as regards child welfare in all of its phases, and in co-operation with both public and private agencies, the Committee has made a number of state-wide child welfare studies. These surveys cover such subjects as Public Health, Educa- tion, Dependency, Juvenile Delinquency, Institutions, Recreation, Child Labor, Agriculture, Rural Life, Law and Administration. TERRITORY COVERED AT PRESENT The Committee deals with the child labor problem as a local community problem, as a state problem, and as a national problem. It works throughout the United States. HOW INDIVIDUALS MAY SECURE THE SERVICES OFFERED By application to the National Child Labor Committee, 105 E. 22nd St., New York City. PUBLICATIONS AND EXHIBITS The Committee publishes "The American Child", a quarterly magazine of general child welfare, it also publishes various pamphlets and reports, including reports of its state child welfare studies. Photo- graphs, slides and exhibits are furnished. PRESENT OFFICERS Officers of tike Board of Trustees David Houston, Chairman. Homer Folks, Vice-Chairman. Samuel McCune Lindsay, Vice Chairman. V. Everit Macy, Treasurer. Executive Officers Owen R. Lovejoy, General Secretary. Edward N. Clopper, Field Director. Raymond. G. Fuller Publicity Director. Josephine J. Eschenbrenner, Membership Director. Helen Dwight Fisher, Research Director. Charles E. Gibbons, Specialist in Rural Economics. 40 THE RURAL LIFE BUREAU OF THE SOCIAL ACTION DEPARTMENT OF THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC WELFARE COUNCIL The section of the National Catholic Welfare Council which deals with rural social work is the Social Action Department. The National Catholic Welfare Council is an organization established by the Arch- bishops and Bishops of the Catholic Church in the United States, and , the Social Action Department is that section of it which concerns itself with economic and social activities both in city and country life. It was organized in February 1920. The object of the Social Action Department as far as rural work is concerned is to serve Catholic dioceses, parisTies, organizations and individuals with information and advice concerning rural economic and social work. It publishes the information in pamphlets, magazines, and newspapers. In response to personal letters it furnishes what information is available. The division of the Department of Social Action which deals with rural work is the Rural Life Bureau. Rev. Edwin V. O'Hara, Oregon, is the Director of this bureau, and all correspondence about rural activities should be directed to him. The actual work of the administration of rural work is conducted by Bishops, Priests and Catholic organizations. This department does no administrative work. Rural activities carried on by the Catholic Church are organized in dioceses and parishes, and the whole United States is covered in this fashion. The diocese either comprises a state or part of a state, and in few cases its borders include parts of two states. The parish is the local unit. Wherever there are Catholics, a Catholic priest is in attendance either through residence in the com- munity, or through caring for the religious wants of the Catholics by visiting them frequently and conducting religious services. A complete list of Catholic parishes is to be found in the Catholic Direc- tory, 1922 edition, (P. J. Kenedy Sons, New York). Two other sections of the National Catholic Welfare Council are important — the National Council of Catholic Men and the National Council of Catholic Women. The National Council of Catholic Women is a federation of Catholic women's societies, but since it has only been in existence a short time, the work of federating all Catholic women's societies has not yet been completed. The -National Council of Catholic Men is in turn a federation of Catholic men's societies, together with a federation of parish councils af men. This organization, like the National Council of Catholic Women, has only been at work a few months and has not been able to cover the whole country. The rural section of the Social Action Department 41 will co-operate with both of these organizations in developing rural economic and social work, and much of its work will be carried on through them. Thus far, the methods of procedure lies through the Bishops and priests in the dioceses and parishes, but as the National Council of Catholic Women and the National Council of Catholic Men proceed in their organization, two more avenues of contact will be added. The territory covered is consequently nation-wide, although be- cause of the varying degrees of density and sparseness of the Catholic population, the rural work of the Social Action Department can be of much assistance in some localities and little in others. For ex- ample, in the South where Catholics are few and far between in rural districts, except in some localities, the influence of the Catholic Church is slight. In the middle west, the far west and the eastern states. Catholics while not so relatively numerous in rural districts as in cities, are to be found in nearly every county, and the parish system supplemented by missions has very wide contact. The Social Action Department has available for free distribution a pamphlet entitled, "Co-operation Among Farmers and Consumers". This pamphlet deals with economic co-operation. It has ready for pub- lication a survey of Lane County, Oregon, which was conducted by Father O'Hara during the past year. NATIONAL CONGRESS OF MOTHERS AND PA RENT-TEACHER ASSOCIA TIONS HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED Washington, D. C, February, 1897, by Mrs. Theodore N. Birney and Mrs. Phoebe Hearst. PURPOSE AND OBJECT Child-Welfare in Home, School, Church and State. NATURE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN OR SERVICE RENDERED Parent-Teacher Associations in schools and churches; Mothers' Clubs in communities; Hygiene and Legislation for women and child- ren; Kindergarten Extension; Literature and Loan Papers; American- ization; Rural Welfare in home and school. 42 ORGANIZATION OF WORK WITH REFERENCE TO STATES, COUNTIES AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES National, State, and in some states, county organizations, operating through Parent-Teacher Associations and Mothers' Clubs in schools and churches and through co-operation with National and State De- partments of Health, Education, and Agriculture and with State Uni- versities. METHOD OF PROCEDURE IN CONNECTION WITH SUCH ACTIVITIES OR SERVICES Extension of Associations and Clubs, through which the various lines of service are carried into schools, homes and communities, and support for legislation and for measures for improvement is secured. TERRITORY COVERED AT PRESENT The United States. METHOD OF SECURING SERVICES Individuals or groups may apply to the State or National officers, for information, literature, and assistance in organization or in any phase of Child-Welfare work covered by the scope of the Congress. PUBLICATION OR EXHIBITS Literature on Thrift, Organization, Programmes, Community Work, etc. is available. OFFICERS President, Vice-Presidents, Corresponding and Recording Secre- taries, Treasurer, Historian. There is a Board of Managers composed of these officers, the State Presidents and the Chairmen of Departments and of Standing Committees. There is also an Executive Secretary. HEADQUARTERS ADDRESS National Education Association Building, 1201 16th St., Wash- ington, D. C. Executive Secretary, Mrs. Arthur C. Watkins. COUNTRY LIFE DEPARTMENT This is composed of a National Chairman, directing the work of State Chairmen, and it adapts the work of any Standing Committee to rural needs. It is co-operating closely with the United States Depart- ments of Education and Agriculture. Its present especial interests are: the establishment of Parent-Teacher Associations in all rural schools; the improvement of living conditions for rural teachers, and the im- provement of conditions for the woman in the farm home. Address of Chairman: Mrs. A. H. Reeve, St. Martins, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 43 NA TIONA L EDUCA TION ASSOCIA TION. RURAL DEPARTMENT HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED The National Education Association was organized at Piiiladel- phia, on August 26th, 1857. It was known first as the National Teach- ers' Association, later as the National Educational Association and finally incorporated under a special Act of Congress in 1906 as the National, Education Association. On May 13th, 1920, a bill amending the charter and authorizing the reorganization of the Association on a representative basis was approved by President Wilson and on July 9th, 1920, at the annual meeting of the Association in Salt Lake City such a reorganization, providing for the federation of state and local associations in the national organization and creating a Representa- tive Assembly was effected. The present paid-up membership is over 75,000. The Department of Rural Education of the National Education Association, the agency under consideration here, had its beginnings years ago in the various rural interests of the National Education Association but was officially organized at Chicago in February 1919, and has since held semi-annual meetings in February and July of each year. It is, however, but one of twenty-one departments of the N. E. A. and as such seeks constantly to advance the general educational goals established by the national association, furthering meanwhile the spe- cific rural interests of education thru concrete and aggressive efforts. PURPOSE AND OBJECT The purpose of the National Education Association is "to elevate the character and advance the interests of the profession of teaching and to promote the cause of education in the United States". In carrying out this purpose the National Association is com- mitted to the following platform: PLATFORM 1. A competent, well-trained teacher in hearty accord with American ideals, in every public school position in the United States. 2. Increased facilities for the training of teachers, and such in- ducements to enter the teaching profession as will attract men and women of the highest character and ability to this important field of public service. 3. Such an awakening of the people to a realization of the import- ance and value of education as will elevate the profession of teaching to a higher plane in public esteem and insure just compensation, social recognition, and permanent tenure on the basis of efficient service. 44 4. Continued and thorough investigation of educational prob- lems as the basis for revised educational standards and methods, to the end that the schools may attain greater efficiency and make the largest possible contribution to public welfare. 5. The establishment of a Department of Education with a Sec- retary in the President's Cabinet, and federal aid to encourage and assist the States in the promotion of education, with the expressed pro- vision that the management of the public schools shall remain exclus- ively under State control. 6. The unification and federation of the educational forces of the country in one great professional organization devoted to the ad- vancement of the teaching profession, and, through education, the promotion of the highest welfare of the Nation. To accomplish this purpose every teacher should be a member of a local teachers' organ- ization, a State teachers' association, and the National Education Association. 7. Active assistance to State and local affiliated associations in securing needed legislation and in promoting the interests of such associations and the welfare of their members in accordance with the Charter and By-laws of this Association. 8. Equal salaries for equal service to all teachers of equivalent training, experience and success; and the promotion of sympathetic co-operation between school authorities and teachers by utilizing under recognized authority and responsible leadership suggestions and ad- vice based upon classroom experience. 9. Co-operation with other organizations and with men and wo- men of intelligence and vision everywhere who recognize that only through education can be solved many of the serious problems con- fronting our Nation. 10. The National Education Association is committed to a pro- gram of service — service to the teachers, service to the profession, ser- vice to the Nation. Its supreme purpose is the welfare of the child- hood of America. PROGRAM As a means of realizing the ten planks of the above platform the National Education Association espouses a national program for edu- cation as embodied in the Smith-Towner Bill now before Congress. The two chief features of this bill are its provision for the establishment of a national department of education and the appointment of a pres- idential cabinet member in this field, together with a federal approp- riation of one hundred million dollars per year for the promotion of education in the various states. PURPOSE OF THE RURAL DEPARTMENT OF THE N. E. A. The more specific purposes of the Department of Rural Educa- 45 tion of the N. E. A. are to facilitate discussion of the problems of rural education, to make constructive studies and disseminate information in this field, to further the efforts and increase the efficiency of persons engaged in rural education service, and to correlate all rural activ- ities of the N. E. A. proper and promote the general advancement of rural education and rural welfare thruout the United States. NATURE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN OR SERVICE RENDERED The rural department of the N. E. A. being a national organi- zation does not deal directly with local rural schools or communities. Its function is rather to stimulate general rural effort and render rural assistance to state and county educational leaders. To this end it holds two national conferences on rural education each year, has four standing committees at work conducting constructive studies in the field of rural education, issues annually a number of rural reports and papers thru the printed Proceeding of the National Education Associ- ation, publishes a national Journal of Rural Education, and serves as a general clearing house for the exchange of information and progress on rural education. As a department of the National Edu- cation Association proper this division contributes an appreciable share also towards advancing the Platform and Program outlined above and in increasing the salaries of rural teachers and furthering the general welfare of the rural phase of the teaching profession. TERRITORY COVERED AT PRESENT In a general way this organization covers the entire United States since all the state superintendents, practically all county superinten- dents and many rural teachers are included in its membership. Its territory cannot, however, be definitely defined by counties or geo- graphic units. ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS This Association as stated above, is organized as a department of the National Education Association and holds two meetings each year, one in July in conjunction with the annual meeting of the N. E. A. and one in February with the annual meeting of the Department of Superintendents of the N. E. A. Its membership includes "all per- sons interested in the advancement of rural education" and its activ- ities are specialized in part under the organization of four sections, namely: Section 1. State Rural Supervisors and Inspectors of Rural Schools. Section 2. County Superintendents and Rural Supervisors. Section 3. Persons engaged in the Preparation of Rural Teachers. 46 Section 4. Agricultural Educators and Rural Extension Workers. Section 5. Village and Consolidated School Principals. Each of the sections has a standing committee at work making a constructive study in its special field. For the present year the committee for Section 1 is engaged in making a study of the com- parative efficiency of one teacher and consolidated rural schools as measured by standard educational tests; the committee of Section 2 is conducting a study of the distinction between rural school admin- istration and supervision; the committee of Section 3 Is attempting to establish practical standards for the preparation of rural teachers in both high schools and state normal schools; that for Section 4 is endeavoring to clarify the relationship and correlation of junior exten- sion work with the regular school activities of the country child and youth while the committee for Section 5 is devoting its attention to a study of high school opportunity for country children. PLATFORM OF THE RURAL DEPARTMENT At the recent meeting of the Department of Rural Education of the N. E. A. in Des Moines in July 1921, the following platform was adopted : 1. Function of the school defined. The primary function of the rural system is explicitly recognized to be the provision of a standard education for rural childhood and youth, to which all its other efl'orts are to be subordinated. Provision of adequate educational opportunities for adults as well as children is an ultimate goal, to be set up when the proximate one is in process of being realized. 2. Standard of educational product the same, country and city. The general ends of public school education are the same every- where, without regard to population or density. A double standard of quality for rural and urban educational products is undemocratic and un-American. 3. Accessible high school as well as elementary school facilities of standard quality for all rural children. 4. A curriculum whose aim is determined by the accepted func- tions of American elementary and secondary education, and whose con- tent and organization are adjusted to the environment and admin- istrative conditions of rural schools. The school is an educational institution, supplementing the natural education provided by home experiences. Rural and urban schools, based on different home experiences, will require some differentiation in content to meet their common ends. Schools of one or two teachers also need a curriculum organized by groups rather than by grades. 47 to assist the teacher in economizing time and effort and achieving standard results. iThe rural high school, besides liberal courses, should offer at least two vocational courses, home management and vocational agri- culture, and such other vocational courses as the demand justifies and the community resources permit. 5. A school year of at least 180 days. 6. Compulsory education laws which do not recognize child labor as an excuse for non-attendance, whether in form of paid employment or of farm and home demands, and which are thoroughly enforced. 7. A school plant meeting modern demands for sanitation, health, and community interests, and equipped for education of type. 8. Qualifications of teachers as high as those required for city schools of like grade. 9. Remuneration of rural teachers at least as high as that of city teachers of like qualifications and grade. Any salary scale which fixes the minimum remuneration for rural teachers lower than urban teachers of the same preparation and grade of school work, penalizes teachers for serving in rural schools and is subversive to the interests of rural education. Since the rural school situation is an unusually difficult one, and since it is frequently deficient in other than money regards, true equality of salary scale prob- ably necessitates a larger money remuneration for teaching in rural schools. 10. Continued and determined effort to develop the idea that a rural school teacher is not necessarily promoted when she transfers to city schools; that rural schools are a distinct division in the edu- cational field, like the kindergarten, the trade school, or the high school, and that as a teacher changing from one of these to another merely changes the nature of her work, without necessarily making any pro- fessional advancement, so does a rural teacher when she goes into urban work. 11. Provision through teacherages or otherwise of home for teachers with conditions of privacy, light, heat, food, material equip- ment, and general hygiene such as are essential to study or professional work. 12. Consolidation of rural schools wherever feasible. Consolidation is urged as the best type of school organization for providing adequate educational opportunities for rural children in general. 13. Increased expenditure sufficient to make efficient such one and two-teacher schools as are retained. To render efficient service, one or two teacher schools must be provided with superior teachers and teaching equipment. As is true of small scale production in general, they are probably a most expensive means of attaining the end desired, but if another means is not practi- 48 cable, no expense must be spared to furnish through them elementary education of standard quality. 14. Adequate provision for rural teacher preparation, involving not only the maintenance of departments of rural education in normal schools where there is a student demand for rural courses, but gen- erous State support of these departments over a period of years, during which their chief work will be the development of such a demand. Heads or directors of these departments left free to develop them, and not loaded down with miscellaneous classes to fill up a standard teach- ing schedule. 1 5. County unit of local schools administration wherever the coun- ty is the civil unit, (unless geographical factors make some other unit more effective) with county boards of education and a professionalized county superintendency. 16. State unit of education, with state boards of education and a single executive head, a professional state commissioner of education. 17. Supervision of adequate professional type for all rural schools New Jersey plan endorsed. County unit employed, but supervisors also under the direction of the state office and appointed thereby. Geographical rather than grade subject matter division of work recom- mended. 18. Recognition of the principle that property, wherever it may be, should be taxed for the education of children, wherever they may be to the end that the financial burden may be more nearly equalized; This principle carried beyond the boundaries of county and state to the nation as a whole. 19. A continued and thorough investigation of the problems of rural education as a basis for revised standards and methods. Extensive surveys are necessary to obtain as soon as possible the actual facts as to present rural educational conditions and products. Such facts are essential to any constructive program of development. 20. A nation wide campaign of publicity or rural school condi- tions and needs. Thorough going improvement or rural education can only come through popular support. That the people city and country be in- formed and stirred is essential as a basis for any whole-hearted public program for rural education. OFFICERS The officers of the Department of Rural Education of the N. E. A. for the year 1920-21 are as follows: President — Ernest Burnham, Normal School, Kalamazoo, Michi- gan. Vice-President — ^J. C. Muerman, Bureau of Education, Washing- ton, D. C. Secretary — Mabel Carney, Teachers' College, Columbia Uni- versity, N. Y. 49 SECTION OFFICERS Section I. — State Supervisors and Inspectors of Rural Schools Chairman — ^J. Virgil Chapman, Department of Education, Frank- fort, Ky. Vice-Chairman — ^N. C. Newbold, Department of Education, Raleigh, N. C. Secretary — Annie Reynolds, Department of Education, Madison, Wis. Section II. — County Superintendents and Rural School Supervisors Chairman — ^N. R. Baker, Superintendent of Schools, Jefferson County, Birmingham, Alabama. Vice Chairman — Mary C. Langhout, Superintendent of Schools, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, S. D. Secretary — ^Amalia Bengston, Superintendent of Schools, Renville County, Olivia, Minnesota. Section III. — Persons Eniraged in the Preparation of Rural Teachers Chairman — H. A. Boone, Illinois Normal University, Normal, Illinois. Vice-Chairman— Flora Trites, Normal School, Winona, Minne- sota. Secretary — Etta Christensen, Normal School, Kutztown, Pa. Section IV. — ^Vocational Educators and Rural Extension Workers Chairman — H. L. Kent, Director of Experiment Station, Hays, Kan. Vice-Chairman — N. E. Fitzgerald, University of Tennessee, Knox- ville, Tennessee. Secretary — Maude Sheridan, College of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado. Section V. — Village and Consolidated Schools Principals Chairman — C. C. Swain, State Teachers College, Cedar Falls, Iowa. Vice-Chairman — Marion Dana, Waitesfield, Vermont. Secretary — ^Thomas J. Smart, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF RURAL EDUCATION Chairman — Ernest Burnham, Normal School, Kalamazoo, Michi- gan. Vice-Chairman — J. C. Muerman, Bureau of Education, Wash- ington, D. C. 50 Secretary (Ex oflFicio)— Mabel Carney, Teachers' College, Col- umbia University, New York City. Member* Representing Section* Section 1. J. Virgil Chapman, State Rural Supervisor, Frank- fort Ky. Section 2. N. R. Baker, County Superintendent of Schools, Bir- mingham, Alabama, Section 3. H. A. Boone, Normal University, Normal, Illinois. Section 4. H. L. Kent, Director of Experiment Station, Hays, Kan. Section 5. C. C. Swain, State Teachers' College, Cedar Falls, Iowa. NATIONAL GRANGE OF THE PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED Organized as a fraternity at Washington, D. C. in 1867. PURPOSE OR OBJECT To be a national farmer's fraternity for fraternal, educational, social, and economic benefits to farmers. NATURE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN OR SERVICES RENDERED Regular meetings, community service, educational, social, state and national legislative service. METHOD OF PROCEDURE Usual form of fraternal organization, co-operation with other or- ganizations, counties, state and national legislative committees. TERRITORY COVERED AT PRESENT Thirty Three States of the United States. There are approximately 8,000 subordinate and county Granges. These Granges average two meetings monthly. HOW INDIVIDUALS MAY SECURE SERVICES By becoming members of the order. PUBLICATIONS AND EXHIBITS National Grange Monthly and several state publications. 51 PRESENT OFFICERS S. J. Lowell, Fredonia, N. Y., President. John C. Ketcham, Hastings, Mich., Lecturer. J. H. Wright, 5603 Lowell Ave., Indianapolis, Ind., Treasurer. C. M. Freeman, Tippecanoe City, Ohio, Secretary. Thos. C. Atkeson, 630 Louisana Ave., Washington, D. C, N. W., Washington Representative. A. M. Loomis, Secretary, Washington, D. C. Office. HEADQUARTERS ADDRESS 630 Louisana Avenue, Washington, D. C, N. W. OFFICERS OF STATE GRANGES MASTERS CALIFORNIA, Geo. R. Harrison, Sebastopol. COLORADO, John Morris, Golden. CONNECTICUT, Frank E. Blakeman, Oronoque. DELAWARE, Jacob Roosa, Milford. IDAHO, W. W. Deal, Nampa. ILLINOIS, E. A. Eckert, Mascoutah. INDIANA, Jesse Newson, Columbus. IOWA, A. B. Judson, Balfour. KANSAS, B. Needham, Lane. KENTUCKY, Thos. D. Urmston, Cynthiana. MAINE, W. J. Thompson, South China. MARYLAND, B. John Black, Roslyn. MASSACHUSETTS, E. H. Gilbert, Stoughton. MICHIGAN, A. B. Cook, Owosso. MINNESOTA, A. R. Hammergren, Harris. MISSOURI, C. O. Raine, Hayti. MONTANA, Clark Bumgarner, Fife. NEBRASKA, Geo. Bischel, Kearney. NEW HAMPSHIRE, Herbert N. Sawyer, Atkinson. NEW JERSEY, David H. Agans, Three Bridges. NEW YORK, Albert Manning, Otisville. NORTH DAKOTA, T. M. Williams, Des Lacs. OHIO, Harry A. Caton, Fresno. OKLAHOMA, A. E. Geer, Lament. OREGON, C. E. Spence, Oregon City, R. F. D. 3. PENNSYLVANIA, John A. McSparran, Furniss. RHODE ISLAND, C. Palmer Chapman, Westerly. SOUTH DAKOTA, George W. Dixon, Watertown. VERMONT, O. L. Martin, Plainfield. WASHINGTON, Fred Nelson, R. D. 5, Seattle. WEST VIRGINIA, H. E. Williams, Trout. WISCONSIN, Herman Idhe, Neenah. WYOMING, G. H. Peake, Douglas. SECRETARIES CALIFORNIA, Mrs. Martha L. Gamble, Santa Rosa, 312 Orange St. COLORADO, Rudolph Johnson, Boulder, 52 SW£^.^^^UT, Ard. Welton, Plymouth. DKLAWARE, Wesley Webb, Dover. JPt ir?^' Jf'errin G. Harland, Payette. JxTyx^9^^' Miss Jeanette E. Yates, Dunlap. INDIANA, Mrs. N. H. Golden, Mishawka. ir A x,^'. **'®^ M^^y ^- Yocum, Davenport, R. 1. KANSAS, A. E. Wedd, Lenexa. ?,^?J3^^*^Y' ^^'■s- Mabel G. Sayre, Florence. MAINE, E. H. Libby, Auburn. MARYLAND, Mrs. Elizabeth O. Jean, Woodlawn. ^6?J^9SUS^''^TS' ^'^- N- Howard, No. Easton. MICHIGAN, Miss Jennie Buell, Ann Arbor. MINNESOTA, Mrs. John Herzog, Austin. MISSOURI, Miss Lulu Fuqua, Hannibal. MONTANA, Mrs. P. J. Anderson, Conrad. NEBRASKA, Thos. A. Hodson, Gothenburg. Si^r HAMPSHIRE, George R. Drake, Manchester. NEW JERSEY, Mrs. Mary Brown, Swedesboro. NEW YORK, F. J. Riley, Sennett NORTH DAKOTA, Mrs. Fannie Koester, Beulah. OHIO, W. G. Vandenbark, Zanesville, R. F. D. OKLAHOMA, Mrs. Ollie Spitler, Yukon. OREGON, Miss Bertha Beck, Albany, R. No. 3. PENNSYLVANIA, Fred Brenckman, 507 Telegraph Bldg., Harris- RHODE ISLAND, Mrs. C. L. Chase, Newport, Box 494 SOUTH DAKOTA, Earl R. Foust, Flandreau. VERMONT, A. A. Priest, Randolph. WASHINGTON, F. W. Lewis, Tumwater. WEST VIRGINIA, F. M. Brown, Pliny. WISCONSIN, Mrs. Edith K. Reik, Rhinelander. WYOMING, Miss Margaret Bundy, Burns. — O- PLAYGROUND AND RECREATION ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED Organized in 1906. (Not incorporated.) PURPOSE OR OBJECT The Playground and Recreation Association of Am,erica has worked primarily to help communities establish year-round tax sup- ported recreation systems with effective leadership. NATURE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN OR SERVICES RENDERED The Playground, a monthly magazine, constantly publishes in- formation as to what is being done in the recreation field in rural com- munities. The Association is in constant correspondence with rural leaders regarding rural recreation problems. -53 METHOD OF PROCEDURE Local communities are free to communicate directly with national headquarters for information on any specific recreation prob- lem. TERRITORY COVERED AT PRESENT Correspondence is received from a very large number of persons scattered all over the country but no attempt is made to keep track of just what states and counties are represented in this correspondence. PUBLICATIONS AND EXHIBITS List of publications may be secured on request. PRESENT OFFICERS Joseph Lee, President; Gustavus T. Kirby, Treasurer; H. S. Braucher, Secretary. Correspondence and Consultation Bureau, George D. Gutler. RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION, DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION 130 E. 22nd. St., New York City The Russell Sage Foundation has for its object "the improvement of social and living conditions." Its field of work is the United States. The Department of Recreation seeks to aid in the realization of the above object by encouraging local action in providing means for the wholesome use of free time by both adults and children, and in pro- moting adequate physical training activities for all school children. The major part of the department's work has been in cities but it is giving increased attention to the recreation and physical training problems of rural communities. The Foundation does not support or supervise local social work of any character, but it serves by making studies of typical local con- ditions, reporting its findings, counseling with local groups and indi- viduals through correspondence or personal conference, and acting as a bureau of information on local undertakings in the field of its work. The subjects on which the Department of Recreation endeavors to give advice and information are : Equipment and Administration of Playgrounds. Games, Entertainments and Socials. Athletics and Sports. Physical Training and Gymnasium. 54 Dancing. Dramatics, f>ageants and Festivals. Story-Telling. Motion Pictures. Community, Social and Civic Centers. Boys' and Girls' Organizations and Clubs. Camping. Home Recreations and Handicrafts. School and Home Gardens. Public Baths and Swimming Pools. Study Courses for Recreation and Community Center Leaders.. Some of the publications issued by the department that have a bearing on recreation in rural communities are: Recreation Legislation. Group Athletics for Boys. Group Athletics for Girls. Community Center Activities. Sources of Information on Play and Recreation. Motion Pictures for schools, churches, clubs and community center. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED Originated in London, when twelve young men organized on June 6, 1844, under the guidance of George Williams, for work of sacri- fice and service for young men by young men to improve their en- vironments and transform character through allegiance to the prin- ciples of genuine Christianity. The first City Association formed in the United States was at Boston, December 29, 1851. The first Rural Young Men's Christian Association was organized in DuPage Town- ship, Will County, Illinois in 1873 by Robert Weidensall, Senior Secretary of the International Committee, the founder of the County Work movement. Then followed many years of promotion and experimentation. The most successful pioneer demonstration, however, was made in Edgefield County, S. C., in 1891, when John Lake was elected County Secretary. He was the first County Secretary of the County Work movement and made the first convincing demonstration of the practi- cability of County Work under the leadership of an employed secretary. The lack of permanency of these early efforts demonstrated emphat- ically the need of state supervision. In 1899 the State Committee of 55 Kentucky was the first to create the State Department for County Work. The International Committee in 1906 established a County Work Department which has been maintained ever since, beginning with one secretary. There are now twelve. Thus far, the greatest single period in field expansion was in the years 1918 and 1919, when fifteen states, nine Canadian provinces, and sixty-eight counties were organized. The most productive single per- iod for the organization of counties, however, was during the months of January and February, 1920, when eighteen counties were added to the list. PURPOSE OR OBJECT The Associations "seek to unite those young men, who, regarding Jesus Christ as their God and Saviour, according to the Holy Scrip- tures, desire to be His Disciples, in their doctrine and in their life, and to associate their efforts for the extension of His Kingdom among young men." — Paris Basis. The objective of the Association among young men and boys has also been stated as follows: 1. To develop their social natures. 2. To guide their vocational tendencies. 3. To improve their intellectual endowments. 4i To enhance their physical welfare. 5. To spiritualize all of their motives. NATURE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN OR SERVICES RENDERED The Association endeavors to meet needs of young men and boys in country communities, towns, etc; works through the group plan of local organization, through the school, church, etc; enlists county com- mittee of citizens to direct its work, which appoints secretary who is paid by volunteer gifts in the county; organizes local Y. M. C. A.'s; arranges programs and holds meetings for the study of religious, social, educational and physical needs of boys and young men; enlists local volunteer leaders for carrying on these activities; seeks to develop co- operation among people and institutions. It approaches its task from the standpoint of needs of young men; does not seek to do work of the community but rather seeks to discover and encourage these local forces in working out their own problems; promotes cominunity sur- veys, conducts study clubs, camps, and other activities. METHOD OF PROCEDURE IN CONNECTION WITH SUCH ACTIVI- TIES OR SERVICES The International Committee provides a staff of country life 56 specialists; state committees provide state and district organizers and supervisors who organize and supervise without authority the county organizations. These consist of a group of selected Christian laymen representing the entire county. They secure the budget from voluntary gifts and employ an executive officer known as the County Secretary. He has general charge of the work throughout the county under the direction of a County Committee. Each community maintains a central organization of a few leading Christian men who supervise whatever is attempted in the local field. Groups in community are organized to carry on four-fold program of activities, social, physical, educational and spiritual, and to further accomplish their objective through coopera- tion with other agencies and organizations. There are county-wide events each year such as annual conven- tion, boys' conference, boys' camp, father and son banquet, thrift campaigns, keep fit campaigns, etc. WHERE WORK IS CARRIED ON United States and Canada, India, South America, and in several European Countries. HOW INDIVIDUALS OR COMMUNITIES MAY SECURE THE SER- VICE OFFERED The services of this department may be secured through state, district and county committees and secretaries, or the International Committee, 347 Madison Avenue, New York City. PUBLICATIONS OR EXHIBITS Publications and exhibits available, include: Rural Manhood Edition of Association Men. The County Work of the Y. M. C. A., and other pamphlets. A Handbook of the Principles and Methods of County Work. Blue print charts are also available at the International Office for a small amount. County work Wall Chart at |2.50. Other materi- al in form of reports, etc., is available through International, State and County Committees. PRESENT OFFICERS International Committee Chairman Alfred E. Marling. Treasurer B. H. Fancher. Gen. Secretary John R. Mott. Chairman County Work Department, Dr. D. H. McAlpin. Secretary County Work Department, Albert E. Roberts. 57 YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED The first Young Women's Christian Association was organized in Boston in 1866. In 1906 two National Young Women's Christian Association movements were united and became the present National Young Women's Christian Associations. Several attempts were made to organize rural associations in 1885. These associations lasted only as long as the leaders stayed in the respective communities. The National Convention voted in 1909 the county as an affiliable rural unit, and 1920 voted to add the district as a second affiliable rural unit. PURPOSE AND OBJECT The immediate purpose of the Young Women's Christian Asso- ciations of the United States of America shall be to unite in one body the associations of the United States; to establish, develop, and unify such associations; to participate in the work of the World's Young Women's Christian Association; to Advance the physical, social, in- tellectual, moral and spiritual interests of young women. The ultimate purpose of all its efforts shall be to seek to bring young women to such a knowledge of Jesus Christ as Saviour and Lord as shall mean for the individual young woman fullness of life and development of char- acter, and shall make the organization as a whole an effective agency in the bringing in of the Kingdom of God among young women. The association adapts its activities to the needs and psychology of girls and the environment in which they live. NATURE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN OR SERVICES RENDERED The activities are of five kinds: 1. Supervision of girls clubs carried on by local leaders in towns and the open country under the county or district organization. 2. Uniting of communities in the county or district in recrea- tional programs such as camps, pageants, field days, etc. 3. Conduct of conferences for education and inspiration. 4. Co-operation with all civic and social agencies affecting the welfare of girls and young women. Co-operation with the church and other religious organizations in training leadership and sharing re- sources. 5. Training courses for girls club work in colleges which result in summer work called Eight Week Clubs, winter study in college on the "Country Life Movement" which results in summer co-operative service with all rural, social and religious agencies. 58 METHOD OF PROCEDURE IN CONNECTION WITH SUCH ACTIVITIES OR SERVICES The Country Department is directed by a National Committee and administered by a national executive and her staff. In each group of states there are field secretaries who work with field committees of volunteers. The field secretaries supervise local associations, organize new work, and co-operate with state agencies in programs of service to women and girls. Every county or district association has a board of directors who plan for and direct the work. Activities and clubs are largely directed by local leaders and every organized county or district has a trained secretary or secretaries who supervise the work. Each county or district is supported by volunteer gifts. When there are no county or district organizations, clubs are supervised from the field office. There is as little equipment as possible since available resources are used. Local leadership is trained to carry responsibility. The Association tries to co-operate rather than compete with already estab- lished organizations. HOW INDIVIDUALS MAY SECURE THE SERVICES OFFERED By writing to the headquarters of the field in which they live. The address of each field may be obtained by addressing the National Headquarters at 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City. PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FOR DISTRIBUTION Club Activities, Club Organization, Club Leadership, Club Pro- grams. Administration of a County or District. Office efficiency to Book Keeping for county associations. Finance committee of Y. W. C. A. in counties. Health Pamphlets. Foreign Born Bulletins. Religious Educational Organization of a County or District committee in counties and Districts. November issue of Rural Manhood. Association Monthly. PRESENT OFFICERS President-^Mrs. Robert Speer. General Secretary— Miss Mabel Cratty. Chairman of National Country Committee — Mrs. C. Oliver Ise- lins. 59 VI. Public Agencies Affiliated With the National Council on a Co-operative Basis OFFICE OF FARM MANAGEMENT, FARM LIFE STUDIES AND FARM ECONOMICS, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED By the Secretary of Agriculture, June, 1919. PURPOSE OR OBJECT Research on farm population and on the social problems of farm- ers in the United States. NATURE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN OR SERVICES RENDERED Publicity of studies (made in different parts of the United States) through the channels of the States Relation Service of the Department of Agriculture and of the Extension Divisions of the Land-grant Col- leges to rural communities. METHOD OF PROCEDURE A request from a State College or University to the Offices of Farm Management and Farm Economics results in a special agreement of co-operation. Research projects on the problems of farmers are undertaken in co-operation with Colleges of Agriculture, State Universities and the like. TERRITORY COVERED AT PRESENT The territory covered by these research problems is limited to the United States. HOW INDIVIDUALS MAY SECURE SERVICES Individuals or communities may secure the results made by Farm Life Studies by request. 60 PUBLICATIONS AND EXHIBITS The results of research studies are usually made available through bulletins. Some exhibits have also been prepared. PRESENT OFFICERS Dr. C. J. Galpin, in charge of Farm Life Studies. o STATES RELATION SERVICE Co-operative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics The system of practical instruction for rural people, entitled "Co- operative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics", now in operation in 48 states, is conducted in accordance with the Exten- sion Act of Congress of May 8, 1914, (Smith-Lever Act) and related Federal and State legislation. The Smith-Lever Act provides Federal funds to be offset for the most part by funds from sources within the States, where they are to be used through the agricultural colleges for extension work defined in the Act as follows: Section 2. * * co-operative agricultural extension work shall consist of the giving of instruction and prac- tical demonstrations in agriculture and home econ- omics, to persons not attending or resident in said col- leges in the several communities, and imparting to such persons information on said subjects through field demonstrations, publications, and otherwise; and this work shall be carried on in such a manner as may be mutually agreed upon by the Secretary of Agriculture and the State agricultural college or colleges receiving the benefits of this act. The Smith-Lever Act also contemplated the continuance and fur- ther development of the system already well established, particularly in the Southern States, under which men and women extension agents, commonly known as "demonstration agents", were located perman- ently in the several counties to deal intimately with the farming people and give them such assistance and instruction as would pro- mote the best interests of agriculture and home and community life according to local conditions. At present about 2000 counties have agricultural agents (men), 800 counties have home demonstration agents (women) and 300 counties have paid leaders of boys' and girls' clubs. There are also about 400 State Leaders and their assistants, usually with headquarters at the agricultural colleges, who go through- out the State to supervise and supplement the work of the county men 61 and women agents. In addition, about 700 extension specialists of the colleges in the various branches of agriculture and home economics co- operate with the county agents in dealing with special problems of the farm, home and community in the open country. THE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL AGENT The county agricultural agent is a local extension representative of the State agricultural college, the United States Department of Agri- culture, and the people of the county. He should be a man of practical experience in farming and of such personality as will enable him to become a leader among the farmers of his county. He must also have such agricultural education and technical training as will enable him to meet the various situations which may arise in the county and an- swer the demands of the best as well as the poorest farmers with whom he comes in contact. Other things being equal, preference is given to graduates of agricultural colleges. DUTY OF THE COUNTY AGENT It is the duty of the county agent to bring to the farrners of his county on their own farms the results of scientific investigations in onstrations to influence the farmers to put these into practice. He assists in reorganizing and redirecting the agriculture of the com- munity and aids all economic and social forces working for the im- provement of agriculture and country life. He gives instruction not only in those subjects which are generally recognized under the head of improved agricultural practices but also in farm management, market- ing, and purchasing supplies. He carries on a greater part of instruc- tion through farm demonstrations. In these demonstrations the farmer undertakes with his own labor and entirely at his own expense, to grow some particular crop or live stock under the agent's supervision and direction, or to form and conduct organizations for standardizing his animals or crops, marketing, community welfare, etc. The program of work is made up with the co-operation of representative farmers in the county and extension officers located at the college. THE COUNTY HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENT The county home demonstration agent with the co-operation of extension and other specialists gives instruction and information to farm women and girls along many lines. The annual programs of work in the several communities are made up after consultation with the local people and with a view to meet their immediate needs. Only a few subjects are stressed in the individual programs. The following subjects are included in the general range of the work: 62 Income Yielding Industries for Farm Women Gardening, poultry, butter and cheese making, canning, etc. Food Preservation Canning of fruits, vegetables and meats, drying and salting, making of jellies and preserves, storing. Nutrition Food for the family, its selection and preparation, feeding and care of children and invalids, the school lunch. Clothing and Textiles Garment making, homemade dress fornls, efficiency methods in sewing, use of machine attachments, selection of textiles and clothing, dyeing and dry cleanmg, remodeling, children's clothing. Personal Hygiene and Home Sanitation Personal hygiene, sanitary disposal of sewage, water supply, rudi- ments of home nursing. Essentials of sex education, prenatal and post- natal care of mothers, prevention of disease and other health subjects when included in the extension program are taken up as far as possible in co-operation with health authorities, county nurses. Red Cross nurses, etc. Housing House planning and furnishing, beautifying home grounds. Household Management Improved household equipment, rearrangement of kitchens, run- ing water, bathing equipment, efficiency methods in housework, house- hold accounts, family budget. Community Enterprises Cooperative buying and selling associations, egg circles, com- munity markets, food centers, canning kitchens, rest rooms, recreation centers. The work is generally conducted through organized groups of women. The organization and method of conducting the work vary somewhat in the different states. In some of the states the home dem- onstration agent operates through the same organization as the county agent, while in other states the women of the communities have been organized into separate voluntary organizations or clubs for the pur- pose of receiving instruction. The women instructed are expected to test out or "demonstrate" in their own homes the instructions received. 63 BOYS' AND GIRLS' CLUB WORK Extension work among young people usually has been conducted through clubs organized for that purpose. Boys and girls between the ages of 10 and 18 are admitted to these clubs, the work being conducted very largely in co-operation with school officials and teachers and other organizations interested in extension work. These clubs are sup- ervised by state agents or club leaders located at the agricultural colleges, who represent both the college and the Department. The work in the county is carried on by the county agricultural agent, home demonstration agent, or local club leader. In most of the states prizes are offered in these clubs which have educational value, such as scholarships in regular and short courses at the agricultural colleges, trips to points of interest, etc. The club work consists usually of the performance annually by each member of some piece of practical work on the farm or in the home and the preparation of records and reports on this work. These "demonstrations" are supplemented by practical instruction relating to them, usually given at group meetings which also afford opportun- ities for practice in organization work, recreation, health instruction and the creation of a co-operative spirit in young people on the farms. The present tendency is to correlate the club demonstrations and in- struction closely with the problems on which the adult farming people in the several communities are working in co-operation with their county agents. SPECIALISTS Both the state agricultural colleges and the Department of Agri- culture have specialists in various branches of agriculture and home economics, who aid county agents and home demonstration agents in their work, conduct extension schools in rural communities, general neighborhood meetings, conferences, etc., and also give direct instruc- tion to farmers in counties where there are no county agent. Specialists are extension agents who have a very thorough knowledge of some particular line of work and are efficient in presenting it to the county and home demonstration agents and to the people. They may be differ- entiated from the agents in the counties in that these agents have to cover the entire field of agriculture or home economics, whereas the specialist's field of work is generally limited to some particular subject, such as dairying, horticulture, poultry raising, or food nutrition. EXTENSION SCHOOLS AND MEETINGS In addition to the work outlined above, the state colleges of agri- culture conduct extension schools, which consist of short, practical courses of instruction, accompanied by demonstration, illustrated lec- tures, and exhibits, organized and conducted in rural comm!unities by 64 specialists attached to the agricultural colleges. The local arrange- ments are often made by the county agents, and these schools are plan- ned to assist the county agent in the development of extension projects undertaken in the county. The schools vary in length, in most in- stances extending over the greater part of a week. There are also a very large number of extension meetings of farm people for a day or two, often under the name of Farmers' Institutes, at which demon- strations and addresses are given by college and Department officers, teachers, experiment station workers, extension specialists, county agents, farm men and womfen and others. ORGANIZATION In the United States Department of Agriculture The States Relations Service is that branch of the United States Department of Agriculture which represents the Secretary of Agricul- ture in the administration and supervision of all co-operative extension work in agriculture and home economics. Through the Office of Ex- tension Work, it gives direct financial aid in the employment of the county and home demonstration agents and boys' and girls' club lead- ers, supervises the funds appropriated by the Federal Government the various bureaus and offices of the Department with the work that is being carried on by the state colleges of agriculture. In the State The co-operative agreement between the Department of Agri- culture and the state colleges of agriculture provides that each college shall organize and maintain an administrative division for the manage- ment and conducting of extension work in agriculture and home econ- omics. At the head of this division is a director selected by the college and acceptable to the Department, who administers all of the extension work in the states, and to whom the state agents and other extension workers at the college and in the counties are responsible. Ib the County In order to make the work effective within the county, local organ- izations, such as farm bureaus, county councils, or county boards of agriculture, have been formed to co-operate with the state colleges of agriculture and the United States Department of Agriculture in em- ploying the county agricultural and home demonstration agents and in aiding them in carrying on their work. These county organizations are chiefly composed of farm men and women. As a part of the organ- ization, there are local clubs or committees who aid the agent in the different communities of the county. The county agents also have helpful relations with a large number of farm organizations represent- 65 ing a great variety of agricultural interests and with various welfare organizations dealing with rural problems. FINANCES As a rule, the county agricultural agents and the home demonstra- tion agents are placed in counties only when there is financial co-opera- tion either from the county government or from some organization within the county assisting in the work. During the present fiscal year (1920-21) $16,830,000 has been alloted for the various lines of work, of which $1,180,000 is derived from funds directly appropriated to the United States Department of Agriculture, and $5,080,000 from Federal Smith-Lever funds, or $6,260,- 000 from the Federal Government; from sources within the state $10,570,000 was contributed as follows; From State Smith-Lever funds, $4,600,000, and in addition, $4,340,000 from sources within the county, and $1,630,000 from appropriations by the state legislature and funds under the immediate control of the colleges. Smith-Lever Funds Federal Smith-Lever funds are those obtained under the pro- vision of the co-operative extension act of May 8, 1914, which stipu- lates that each state shall receive $10,000 annually for co-operative extension work in agriculture and home economics, making a total of $480,000 per annum, beginning with the fiscal year 1914-15. For the fiscal year 1915-16 it provided $600,000 additional to be distributed among the several s,tates'in the proportion that the rural population of each state bears to the total population of all the states, as determined by the last census. This amount is to be increased by $500,000 each year until the fiscal year of 1922-23, when the total amount reaches $4,580,000. This additional appropriation does not become available to a state until an equal amount has been provided by the state. The aggregate sums thus required to be provided by the states will be $4,100,000 for the fiscal year 1922-23, and annually thereafter. These latter funds are generally known as State Smith-Lever funds. For sev- eral years Congress has supplemented the regular Smith-Lever funds by $1,500,000 to be offset by the states. The total amount provided for under the terms of the co-operative extension act for the fiscal year 1922-23, and annually thereafter, will thereafter be $8,680,000. HOW TO GET IN TOUCH WITH THE EXTENSION SERVICE Any person desiring the co-operation of the state agriculture col- lege in solving farm, home, rural or community problems, should first make application to the county agricultural or home demonstration agent, if there is one; if there is no agent in the county, then to the 66 director of extension at the state agricultural college. Counties desiring to organize for extension work should take the matter up with the state director of extension. OFFICIALS IN CHARGE OF CO-OPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK OFFICERS OF THE STATE RELATIONS SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE A. C. True, Director. C. B. Smith, Chief, Office of Extension Work. STATE OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF EXTENSION WORK Alabama — L. N. Duncan, Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn. Arizona — W. M. Cook, College of Agriculture, University of Arizona, Tucson. Arkansas — M. T. Payne, College of Agriculture, University of Ar- kansas, P. O. address. Southern Trust Bldg., Little Rock. California — B. H. Crocheron, College of Agriculture, University of California, Berkeley. Colorado — Roud McArn, State Agriculture College of Colorado, Fort Collins. Connecticut — H. J. Baker, Connecticut Agricultural College, Storrs. Delaware — C. A. McCue, Delaware College, Newark. Florida — Wilmon Newell, College of Agriculture, University of Flor- ida, Gainesville. Georgia — J. Philip Campbell, Georgia State College of Agriculture, Athens. Idaho — L. W. Fluharty, The State House, Boise. Illinois — Eugene Davenport, Director — W. F. Handschin, Vice-Direc- tor, College of Agriculture, University of Illinois, Ur- bana. Indiana — G. I. Christie, Purdue University, Layfayette. Iowa — R. K. Bliss, Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Ames. Kansas — H. Umberger, Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhattan. Kentucky — ^T. P. Cooper, College of Agriculture, University of Ken- tucky, Lexington. Louisiana — W. R. Perkins, Louisiana State University and Agricul- ture and Mechanic College, University Station, Baton Rouge. Maine — L. S. Merrill, College of Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono. Maryland — T. B. Symons, University of Maryland, College Park. Massachusetts — J. D. Willard, Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst. Michigan — R. J. Baldwin, Michigan Agricultural College, East Lan- sing. 67 Minnesota— F. N. Peck, Department 6f Agriculture, University of Minnesota, University Farm, St. Paul. Mississippi— R. S. Wilson, Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College, Agricultural College. Missouri- A. J. Meyer, College of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia. Montana— F. S. Cooley, Mwitana State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Bozeman. Nebraska— W. H. Brokaw, College of Agriculture, University Farm, Lincoln. Nevada — C. W. Creel. College of Agriculture, University of Nevada, Reno. New Hampshire — J. C. Kendall, New Hampshire College of Agricul- ture and Mechanic Arts, Durham. New Jersey — L. A. Clinton, College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts of Rutgers College and the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick. New Mexico — C. F. Monroe, New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, State College. New York— A. R. Mann, Director — M. C. Burritt, Vice-Director, N. Y. State College of Agriculture, Ithaca. North Carolina — B. W. Kilgore, North Carolina State College of Agri- culture and Engineering, West Raleigh. North Dakota— G. W. Randlett, North Dakota Agricultural College, Agricultural College. Ohio — H. C. Ramsower, College of Agriculture, Ohio State University, Columbus. Oklahoma — W. A. Cormer, Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College, Stillwater. Oregon — P. V. Maris, Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis. Pennsylvania — M. S. McDowell, Pennsylvania State College, State College. Rhode Island — ^A. E. Stene, Rhode Island State College, Kingston. South Carolina — W. W. Long, Clemson Agricultural College of South Carolina, Clemson College. South Dakota— W. F. Kumlien,* South Dakota State College, Brook- ings. Tennessee — C. A. Keffer, College of Agriculture, University of Tenn- essee, Knoxville. Texas— T. O. Walton, Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, College Station. Utah — R. J. Evans, Agricultural College of Utah, Logan. Vermont— Thomas Bradlee, University of Vermont and State .Agri- cultural College, Burlington. Virginia— J. R. Hutcheson, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacks- burg. 68 Washington— S. B. Ndson, State College of Washington, Pullman. West Vjrgmja-^N, T. Frame, College of Agriculture, West Virginifi University, Morgantown. Wisconsin— H, L. Russell, Director— K, L. Hatch, Assistant Director, College of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin, J\lad- Wyommg— A. E. Bowman, College of Agriculture, University of Ww- icnn ♦Acting Director. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Children's Bureau HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED By Act of Congress approved April 9, 1912. PURPOSE AND OBJECT To investigate and report to said Department upon all matters pertaining to the welfare of children and child life, and especially to investigate the questions of infant mortality, the birth rate, orphanage, juvenile courts, desertion, dangerous occupations, accidents, and dis- eases of children, employment, legislation affecting children in the several states and territories. SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN AND SERVICES RENDERED IN RURAL COMMUNITIES (a) Field investigations and research relative to the physical, economic, social, and industrial conditions affecting child welfare in representative agricultural districts. (b) Health conferences or demonstrations conducted by means of the Bureau's motorized health center. (c) Distribution >of bulletins, pamphlets, etc., relative to child health and child welfare. ORGANIZATION OF WORK WITH REFERENCE TO STATES, COUNTIES AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES Field investigations and health demonstrations are made in se- lected rural areas, at the request of, or in co-operation with state and local authorities. METHOD OF PROCEDURE (a) Rural field investigations conducted by a«taffof from three to eight experts and agents are usually made oo the basis of an in- €9 tensive study of conditions affecting a given number of families living or farming in an area carefully selected in co-operation with state and local authorities as representative for the specific purpose of the study, (b) Health Conferences, conducted by a unit, consisting of a doctor, nurse and clerk. Physical examinations are given young child- ren, defects are recorded, corrective and hygiene advice given. TERRITORY COVERED AT PRESENT IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA Recent surveys have been conducted by the Industrial Division of the Bureau in selected farming areas in Hill and Rusk counties, Texas; Gratiot, Saginaw and Isabella counties, Michigan; Weld and Larimer counties, Colorado; it selected coal mining communities in Raleigh county. West Virginia, and in selected truck farming areas in Mary- land, New Jersey and Virginia. HOW INDIVIDUALS MAY SECURE THE SERVICES OFFERED Surveys are made in so far as available funds will permit, and child welfare conferences held on request of state officials and local organizations. PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FOR DISTRIBUTION List of publications and exhibit material available for distribution are herewith attached. *No. 1. The Children' Bureau: A circular containing the text of the law establishing the bureau and a brief outline of the plans for immediate work. (Miscellaneous Series, No. 1.) 5pp. 1912. *No. 2. Birth Registration : An aid in protecting the lives and rights of children. (Miscellaneous Series, No. 2.) 20 pp. 1914. *No. 3. Baby-Saving Campaigns: A preliminary report on what American cities are doing to prevent infant mortality. Infant Mortality Series, No. 1.) 93 pp. 1914. No. 4. Prenatal care, by Mrs. Max West. (Care of Children Series, No. 1.) 41 pp. 1915. *No. 5. Handbook of Federal Statistics of Children: Number of children in the United States, with their sex, age, race, nativity, parentage, and geographic distribution. (Mis- cellaneous Series, No. 3.) 106 pp. 1914. No. 6. New Zealand Society for the Health of Women and Children: An example of methods of baby-saving work in small towns and rural districts. (Infant Mortality Series. No. 2.) 18 pp, 1914. 70 *No. 7. Laws relating to Mothers' Pensions in the United States, Denmark, and New Zealand. (Dependent, Defective, and Delinquent Classes Series, No. 1.) 102 pp. 1914. (Revised. See No. 63.) No. 8. (Revised.) Infant Care, by Mrs. Max West. (Care of Child- ren Series, No. 2.) 87 pp. 1914. *No. 9. Infant Mortality: Results of a field study in Johnstown, Pa., based on births in one calendar year, by Emma Duke. (Infant Mortality Series, No. 3.) 93 pp. 1915. *No. 10. Child Labor Legislation in the United States, by Helen L. Summer and Ella A. Merritt. (Industrial Series, No. 1.) 1131 pp. 1915. *No. 11. Infant Mortality: Montclair, N. J. A study of infant mortality in a suburban community. (Infant Mortal- ity Series, No. 4.) 36 pp. 1915. No. 12. Administration of Child-Labor Laws: Part 1, Employment- Certificate System, Connecticut, by Helen L. Sumner and Ethel E. Hanks. (Industrial Series, No. 2.) 69 pp. 1915. *No. 13. Mental Defectives in the District of Columbia: A brief description of local conditions and the need for custodial care and training. (Dependent, Defective, and Delin- quent Classes Series, No. 2.) 39 pp. 1915. No. 14. Child-Welfare Exhibits: Types and preparations, by Anna Louise Strong, Ph. D. (Miscellaneous Series, No. 4.) 58 pp. 1915. No. 15. Baby-Week Campaigns. (Misoellaneous Series, No. 5.) 152 pp. 1917. (Revised edition.) *No. 16. A Tabular Statement of Infant-Welfare Work by Public and Private Agencies in the United States, by Etta R. Goodwin. (Infant Mortality Series, No. 5.) 114 pp. 1916. No. 17. Administration of Child-Labor Laws: Part 2, Employment- Certificate System, New York City, by Helen L. Sumner and Ethel E. Hanks. (Industrial Series, No. 2.) 164 pp. 1917. No. 18. List of References on Child Labor. (Industrial Series, No. 3.) 161 pp. 1916. *No. 19. Maternal Mortality from all Conditions Connected with Childbirth in the United States and Certain Other Coun- tries, by Grace L. Meigs, M. D. (Miscellaneous Series, No. 6) 66 pp. 1917. No. 20. Infant Mortality: Results of a field study in Manchester, N. H., based on births in one year, by Beatrice Sheets Duncan and Emma Duke. (Infant Mortality Series, No. 6.) 135 pp. 1917. 71 *No. 21. Summary of Child-Welfare Laws Passed in 1916. (Miscel- laneous Series, No. 7.) 74 pp. 1917. *No. 22. Facilities for Children's Play in the District of Columbia. (Miscellaneous Series, No. 8.) 72 pp. 1917. No. 23. How to Conduct a Children's Health Conference, by Frances Sage Bradley, M. D., and Florence Brown Sherbon, M. D. (Miscellaneous Series, No. 9.) 24 pp. 1917. No. 24. A Social Study of Mental Defectives in New Castle County, Delaware, by Emma O. Lundberg. (Dependent, Defec- tive, and Delinquent Classes Series, No, 3.) 38 pp. 1917. No. 25. Care of Dependents of Enlisted Men in Canada, by S. Her- bert Wolfe. (Miscellaneous Series, No. 10.) 56 pp. 1817. No. 26. Maternity and Infant Care in a Rural County in Kansas, by Elizabeth Moore. (Rural Child- Welfare Series, No. 1.) 50 pp. 1917. *No. 27 Child Labor in Warring Countries: A brief review of foreign reports, by Anna Rochester. (Industrial Series, No. 4.) 75 pp. 1917. No. 28. Governmental Provisions in the United States and Foreign Countries for Members of the Military Forces and their Dependents, prepared under the direction of Capt. S. Herbert Wdfe, Q. M., U. S. R., -detailed by the Secre- tary of War. (Miscellaneous Series, No. 11.) 236 pp. 1917. No. 29. Infant Mortality: Results of a field study in Waterbury, Conn., based on births in one year, by Estelle B. Hunter, (Infant Mortality Series, No. 7.) 157 pp. 1918. No. 30. Child Care: The Preschool Age, by Mrs. Max West. (Care of Children Series, No. 3.) 88 pp. 1918. No. 31. Norwegian Laws Concerning Illegitimate Children: Intro- duction and translaticMi by Leifur Magnusson. (Legal Series, No. 1.) 37 pp. 1918. *No. 32. Juvenile Delinquency in Rural New York, by Kate Holla- day Claghorn. (Dependent, Defective, and Delinquent Classes Series, No. 4.) 199 pp. 1918. No. 33. Rural Children in Selected Counties of North Carolina, by Frances Sage Bradley, M. D., and Margaretta A. Williamson. (Rural Child-Welfare Series, No. 2.) 118 pp. 1918. No. 34. Maternity Care and the Welfare of Young Children in a Homesteading County in Montana, by Viola I. Paradise. (Rural Child-Welfare Series, No. 3.) 98 pp. 1918. No. 35. Milk, the Indispensible Food for Qtildren, by Dorothy Reed 72 Mendenhall, M. D. (Care of Children Series, No. 4.) 32 pp. 1918. No. 36. Save 100,000 Babies, Get a Square Deal for Children. (Child- ren's Year Leaflet, No. 1.) 8 pp. 1918. No. 37. Infant Mortality: Results of a field study in Brockton, Mass., based in births in one year, by Mary V. Demp- sey. (Infant Mortality Series, No. 8.) 82 pp. 1919. No. 38. April and May Weighing and Measuring Test: Part 1, Suggestions to Local Communities, 8 pp. Part 2, Sug- festions to Examiners, 4 pp. Part 3, Follow-up Work, pp. (Children's Year Leaflet, No. 2.) 1918. No. 39. Juvenile Delinquency in Certain Countries at War: A brief review of available foreign sources. (Dependent, De- fective, and Delinquent Classes Series, No. 5.) 28 pp. 1918. No. 40. Children's Year Working Program, prepared in collaboration with the Department of Child Welfare of the Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense. (Children's Year Leaflet, No. 3.) 12 pp. 1918. No. 41. Administration of Child-Labor Laws: Part 3, Employment- Certificate System, Maryland, by Francis Henry Bird and Ella Arvilla Merritt. (Industrial Series, No. 2.) 127 pp. 1919. No. 42. Illegitimacy Laws of the United States and Certain Foreign Countries, by Ernest Freund. (Legal Series, No. 2.) 260 pp. 1919. Illegitimacy Laws of the United States Analysis and Index. Excerpt from Bureau publication No. 42 98 pp. 1919. No. 43. Children Before the Courts in Connection, by Wm. B. Bailey, Ph. D. (Dependent, Defective, and Delinquent Classes Series, No. 6.) 98 pp. 1918. *No. 44. Patriotic Play Week. Suggestions to Local Committees. (Children's Year Leaflet, No. 4.) 8 pp. 1918. No. 45. Children's Health Centers. (Children's Year Leaflet, No. 5.) 7 pp. 1918. No. 46. Maternity and Infant Care in Two Rural Counties in Wis- consin, by Florence Brown Sherbon, M. D., and Eliza- beth Moore. (Rural Child-Welfare Series, No. 4.) 92 pp. 1919. No. 47. The Public-Health Nurse : How she helps to keep the babies well. (Children's Year Leaflet, No. 6.) 7 pp. 1918. No. 48. Mental Defect in a Rural County: A medio-psychological and social study of mentally defective children in Sus- sex County, Delaware, by Walter L. Treadway, M. D., Passed Assistant Sutgeon, U. S. Public-Health Service, 73 and Emma 0, Lundberg, Children's Bureau. (Depend- ent, Defective, and Delinquent Classes Series, No, 7.) 96 pp. 1918. *No. 49. Back-to-school Drive, prepared in collaboration with the Child Conservation Section of the Field Division, Coun- cil of National Defense. (Children's Year Leaflet, No. 7.) 8 pp. 1918. No. 50. Suggestions to Local Committees for the Back-to-School Drive, prepared in collaboration with the Child Conser- vation Section of the Field Division, Council of National Defense. (Children's Year Leaflet, No. 8.) 8 pp. 1918. No. 51. Scholarships for Children, prepared in collaboration with the Child Conservation Section of the Field Division, Council of National Defense. (Children's Year Leaflet, No. 9.) 8 pp. 1918. No. 52. Infant Mortality: Results of a field study in Saginaw, Mich., based on births in one year, by Nila F. Allen. (Infant Mortality Series, No. 9.) 91 pp. 1919. No. 53. Advising Children in the Choice of Occupation and Super- vising the Working Child, prepared in collaboration with the Child Conservation Section of the Field Division, Council of National Defense. (Children's Year Leaflet, No. 10.) 14 pp. 1919. No. 54. An Outline for a Birth-Registration Test. (Miscellaneous Series, No. 12.) 13 pp. 1919. No. 55. The Visiting Teacher, prepared in collaboration with the Child Conservation Section of the Field Division, Coun- cil of National Defense. (Children's Year Leaflet, No. 11.) 7 pp. 1919. No. 56. (Revised.) The Employment-Certificate System: A safe- guard for the working chil,d, prepared in collaboration with the Child Conservation Section of the Field Div- ion. Council of National Defense. (Industrial Series, No. 7.) 13 pp. 1921. No. 57. Maternity Benefit Systems in Certain Foreign Countries, by Henry J. Harris. (Legal Series, No. 3.) 206 pp. 1919. No. 58. The States and Child Labor: Lists of States with certain restrictions as to ages and hours, prepared in collabor- ation with the Child Conservation Section of the Field Division, Council of National Defense. (Children's Year Leaflet, No. 13.) 46 pp. 1919. No. 59. What is Malnutrition? by Lydia Roberts. (Children's Year Follow-up Series, No. 1.) 20 pp. 1919. No. 60. Standards of Child Welfare: A report of the Children's Bu- reau conferences, May and June, 1919. (Conference Series, No. 1.) 459 pp. 1919. 74 Separates which comprise the same material are as follows: Separate No. 1. The Economical and Social Basis for Child-Welfare Standards. Separate No. 2. Child Labor. Separate No. 3. The Health of Children and Mothers. Separate No. 4. Children in Need of Special Care and Standardization of Child-Welfare Laws. No. 61. (Revised.) Save the Youngest: Seven charts on maternal and infant mortality, with explanatory comment. (Children's Year Follow-up Series, No. 2.) 15 pp. 1921. No. 62. Minimum Standards for Child Welfare Adopted by the Washington and Regional Conferences on Child Welfare, 1919. (Conference Series, No. 2.) 15 pp. 1919. No. 63. Laws Relating to Mothers' Pensions in the United States, Canada, Denmark, and New Zealand, by Laura A. Thompson. (Legal Series, No. 4.) 316 pp. 1919. No. 64. Every Child in School. (Children's Year Follow-up Series, No. 3.) 15 pp. 1919. No. 65. Courts in the United States Hearing Children's Cases, by Evelina Belden. (Dependent, Defective, and Delinquent Classes Series, No. 8.) 115 pp. 1920. No. 66. Illegitimacy as a Child-Welfare Problem: Part 1, A brief treatment of the prevalence and significance of birth out of wedlock, the child's status, and the State's responsi- bility for care and protection (with bibliographical ma- terial), by Emma O. Lundberg and Katherine L. Len- root. (Dependent, Defective, and Delinquent Classes Series, No. 9.) 105 pp. 1920. No. 67. Children's Year: A brief summary of work done and sug- gestions for follow-up work. (Children's Year Follow-up Series, No. 4.) 19 pp. 1920. No. 68. Infant Mortality: Results of a field study in New Bedford, Mass., based on births in one year, by Jessamine S. Whitney. (Infant Mortality Series, No. 10.) 114 pp. 1920. No. 69. The Child- Welfare Special: A suggested method of reaching rural communities, by Frances Sage Bradley, M. D. (Children's Year Follow-up Series, No. 5.) 18 pp. 1920. No. 70. A Summary of Juvenile-Court Legislation in the United States, by Sophonisba P. Breckinridge and Helen R. Jeter. (Legal Series, No. 5.) 110 pp. 1920. No. 71. State Commissions for the Study and Revision of Child- Welfare Laws, by Emma O. Lundberg and Ruth H. Olmstead. (Children's Year Follow-up Series, No. 6.) 43 pp. 1920. ,, ; 75 No. 72. Infant Mortality: Results of a Field Study in Akron, Ohio, fey Theresa S. Haley. (Infant Mortality Series, No. II.) 1 18 pp. 1920. No. 73. Child-Welfare Programs: Study Outlines the use of Clubs and Classes, by Mrs. Max West and Nettie McGill. (Children's Year Follow-oip Series, No. 7.) 35 pp. 1920. No. 74. Industrial Instability of Child Workers: A Study of Em- ployment Certificate Records in Connecticut, by Robert Morse Woodbury, Ph. D. (Industrial Series, No. 5.) 86 pp. 1920. No. 75. Illegitimacy as a ChiW-Welfare Problem: Pt. 2, A Study of Original Records in the City of Boston, and in the State of Massachusetts, by Emma O. Lundberg and Kath- erine F. Lenroot. (Dependent^ Defective, and Delin- quent Series, No. 10.) 408 pp. 1920. No. 76. Infant Welfare Work in Europe: An account of recent ex- periences in Great Brittain, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany and Italy, by Nettie McGill. Comhiunity Child-Welfare Series, No. I.) 168 pp. 1 92 1. No. 77. Standards of Legal Protection for Children Born out of Wed- lock: A report of Regional Conferences held under the auspices of the U. S. Children's Bureau and the Inter- City Conference on Illegitimacy. (Conference Series, No. 3.) 158 pp. 192 1. No. 78. Administration of the First Federal Child-Labor Law. (Legal . Series, No. 6, Industrial Series, No. 6.) 197 pp. I92I. No. 79. Physical Standards for Working Children: Preliminary Report of the Committee appointed by the Children's Bureau of the U. S. Department of Labor to formulate standards of normal development and sound health for the use of physicians in examining children entering em- ployment and children at work. (Conference Series, No. 4.) 24 pp. 1921. No. 80. Probation in Children's Courts, by Charles L. Chute, Secre- tary, New York State Probation Commission, Secretary, National Probation Association. Dependent, Defective, and Delinquent Classes Series, No. II.) 32 pp. 1921. No. 81. Children Deprived of Parental Care: A study of Children taken under care by Delaware agencies and institutions, by Ethel M. Springer. (Dependent, Defective and Delin- quent Classes Series, No. 12.) 93 pp. 1921. No. 82. The Administration of the Aid-to-Mothers Law in Illinois, by Edith Abbott and Sophonisba P. Breckenridge. (Legal Series, No. 7.) 176 pp. 1 92 1. No. 83. Breast Feeding. (Care of Children Series, No. 7.) 176 pp. 192 L 76 No. 84. Average Heights and Weights of Children Under Six Years of Age. (Community Child-Welfare Series, No. 2.) 4 pp. 1921. No. 85. Administration of Child-Labor Laws: Part 4, Employment- Certificate System, Wisconsin, by Ethel E. Hanks. (In- dustrial Series, No. 2.) 159 pp. 1921. No. 86. Infant Mortality in Pittsburgh: An Analysis of Records for 1920 with Six Charts, by Glenn Stelle. (Infant Mor- tality Series, No. 12.) 24 pp. 1921. No. 87. Statures and Weights of Children Under Six Years of Age, by Robert Morse Woodbury, Ph. D. (Community Child Welfare Series, No. 3.) 117 pp. 1921. No. 88. Maternity and Child Care in Selected Rural Areas of Miss- issippi, by Helen M. Dart. (Rural Child Welfare Series, No. 5.) 60 pp. 1921. No. 89. The Working Children of Boston: A Study of Child Labor under a Modem System of Legal Regulation, by Helen Sumner Woodbury, Ph. D. (industrial Series, No. 8.) (In press.) No. 90. The Hygiene of Maternity and Childhood, Separate No. 1, from Child Care and Child Welfare, Outlines for Study, prepared in co-operation with the Federal Board for Vo- cational Education. (Care of Children Series No. 6.) 131 pp. 1921. No. 91. Child Mentality and Management, Separate No. 2, from Child Care and Child Welfare, Outlines for Study, pre- pared in co-operation with the Federal Board for Voca- tional Education. (Care of Children Series, No. 7.) 54 pp. 1921. No. 92. Play and Recreation, Separate No. 3, from Child Care and Child Welfare, Outlines for Study, prepared in co-oper- ation with the Federal Board for Vocational Education. (Community Child Welfare Series, No. 4.) 56 pp. 1921. No. 93. Child Labor, Separate No. 4, from Child Care and Child Wel- fare, Outlines for Study, prepared in co-operation with the Federal Board for Vocational Education. (Indus- trial Series, No. 9.) 77 pp. 1921. No. 94. Children in Need of Special Care, Separate No. 5, from Child Care and Child Welfare, Outlines for Study, pre- pared in co-operation with the Federal Board for Voca- tional Education. (Dependent, Defective, and Delin- quent Classes Series, No. 13.) 24 pp. 1921. Dodgers and Child Welfare : 1. Good Books and Pamphlets and Child Care. *2. The Care of the Mother. 3. Is Your Child's Birth Recorded? If Not, Why Not? 77 4. Breast Feeding. 5. Bottle Feeding. 6. The Preparation of Artificial Food. 7. Milk. 8. Feeding the Child. 9. The Care of the Baby. 10. What Do Growing Children Need? * Supply exhausted. OFFICIALS OF BUREAU Chief — Grace Abbott. Director of Division of Hygiene (in charge of surveys and demon- strations relative to child hygiene) — Anna E. Rude, M. D. ' Director of Social Service Division (in charge of field investigation and research relative to dependent, defective, and delinquent children) — Emma O. Lundberg. Director of Industrial Division (in charge of field investigations and research relative to child labor and economic and industrial con- ditions affecting child welfare.) — Ellen N. Matthews. Director of Porto Rican Survey — Helen V. Bary. Director of Statistical Division, in charge of statistical work of Bureau, Statistical research in preparation of certain of the Bureau's reports — Robert M. Woodbury, Ph. D. Director of Editorial Division — Katharine F. Lenroot. LIST OF TRAVELING EXHIBIT MATERIAL OWNED BY THE CHILDREN'S BUREAU Wall Panels Title: The School Child. Forty panels, 22 by 28 inches in size, dealing with medical inspection of schools; sanitation and hygiene of the school ; feeding, clothing, and care of the school child. Prepared by Dr. Thomas D. Wood, Committee on Health Problems of the National Council of Education and the American Medical Association. Title: Food for the Growing Child. Five panels, 22 by 28 in- ches in size. Published by the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor. Title: Food Composition and Caloric Value of Different Articles of Food. Fifteen panels 20 by 27 inches in size. Published by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Title: Infant Welfare. Fifteen panels 25 by 38 inches in size. Prepared by the Children's Bureau in co-operation with the American Association for the Study and Prevention of Infant Mortality (now the American Child Hygiene Association), published by the American Medical Association. 78 Lantern Slides Title: The Care of the Baby. Fifty slides prepared by the Children's Bureau. Title: Infant and Child Welfare. Fifty-four slides assembled by the Children's Bureau. Motion Picture Films Title: Our Children. Is in two reels and can be shown in about 35 minutes. Shows the conduct of a children's health conference by representatives of the Children's Bureau and various types of commun- ity work for child welfare. Written and produced under the super- vision of the Children's Bureau. Is lent for periods not to exceed two weeks. Terms The above material is lent free but with the understanding that the borrower agrees to pay express charges back and forth and to make good any loss or damage which occurs between the receipt by hin\ of the exhibits and their subsequent delivery to the Children's Bureau. The following gives an indication of the value of the exhibits. The price of individual panels varies from 25 cents to 50 cents, to which must be added 45 cents to 60 cents to cover the cost of the cloth backs. Uncolored lantern slides are 30 cents each; colored ones, 60 cents. The film. Our Children, is lent on condition that the borrower employs an experienced operator (preferably, one who holds a state license) to run it. Damaged portions are replaced at a cost of 10 cents per foot. U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE HOW AND WHEN ORGANIZED Organized by act of Congress as the U. S. Public Health Service in 1912. (Organized by act of Congress as U. S. Marine Hospital Service in 1798.) PURPOSE AND OBJECT (a) To prevent through quarantine and immigration inspection the introduction of communicable disease from foreign countries into the United States; (b) To investigate the diseases of man and conditions relating to propagation and spread thereof and to issue publications for the information of the public about the findings of such investigations; 79 (c) To prevent the spread of epidemic diseases between the states; (d) To co-operate with state and local governmental and civic agencies in the conduct of demonstration work for the prevention of disease and the promotion of health; and (e) To render medical and surgical relief to sick and disabled seamen of the Merchant Marine Service, to beneficiaries of the War Risk Insurance act and to other groups of persons entitled under acts of Congress to such treatment. SPECIAL SERVICES RENDERED The special work of the Public Health Service in rural communi- ties is conducted on a co-operative basis with state and local health departments and with various civic agencies for the establishment and maintenance for demonstration purposes of adequate or markedly improved local health service for counties or groups of townships adopted as the units for the demonstration projects. In these co-oper- ative demonstration projects any and all branches of public health work may be taken up and efforts are concentrated from time to time upon the different salient branches of health work which appear to oflfer the best prospects for satisfactory returns from an investment of the funds available for the support of the co-operative project. In some of the states, officers of the Public Health Service are de- tailed to work with state health departments in the study of rural health problems and in stimulating the development and maintenance of county health service. In the counties selected for demonstration the duly elected or appointed county health officers are given a status of Field Agent in the Public Health Service and function as heads of the county demonstration projects in which the national, state and local governmental health agencies and various civic agencies may be participants. Instead of a county, a group of townships in some instances is adopted as the unit for the demonstration project, but in such instances the district must be sufficient in area and population to enable whole time personnel to work to economic advantage. METHOD OF ORGANIZATION In the average county in which a co-operative project is being carried out the county force consists of a whole time health officer, an office clerk, one or more health nurses and one or more sanitary in- spectors. The funds for the support of the work are usually furnished to the extent of 50 per cent, from county official sources. The pro- portion furnished by the Public Health Service averages about 25 per cent. The remainder is furnished by the state health department and by various civic agencies. Monthly reports from the demonstration projects are sent by the county health officers to the headquarters of 80 each of the participating agencies. Inspection of the projects is made from time to time by field directors of the Public Health Service or by representatives of the state health department, or both. The members of the working force are appointed or elected according to the require- ments of county laws and regulations, but they must be, on account of their apparent or demonstrated qualifications, acceptable to each of the ofi'icial participating agencies. The county health officer as the head of the demonstration project is expected by his studies to determine the health needs of the county and with advice, counsel and assistance from the inspecting officers of the Public Health Service and the state departnient to carry out in logical and effective sequence a pro- gram of county health work. TERRITORY In Alabama, Georgia, Montana, North Carolina and Virginia officers of the Public Health Service are detailed to the state boards of health to assist in the stimulation and supervision of county health work throughout the states. Co-operative rural health projects sup- ported in part with Public Health Service funds are organized and in active operation in the present fiscal year, (July I, 1920 to June 30, 1921) in the following sections: Alabama — Madison, Talladega, Walker and Lauderdale Counties. Georgia — Walker, Muscogee, Glynn and Clarke Counties. Kansas — Cherokee County. Kentucky — Mason County. Mississippi — Harrison County. Massachusetts — Cape Cod Sanitary District. Missouri — Greene and Jasper Counties. Montana — Cascade County. North Carolina — Cumberland and Edgecombe Counties. Oklahoma — Ottawa County. Vermont — Eighth Sanitary District. Virginia — Arlington, Fauquier, Henry, Bath, Charlotte, Chesterfield, Greenville, Lunenburg, Northumberland, Orange, Rich- mond and Roanoke Counties. HOW SERVICES MAY BE SECURED The co-operation of the Public Health Service in rural health work is secured by requests from the proper county officials endorsed by the state health department. On account of the limited appropria- tion for co-operative rural health work of the Public Health Service all invitations from counties cannot be accepted. Therefore in the selection of counties from which invitations have been received consid- eration is given to both the needs of the situation and the prospects for successful demonstration. In this respect special consideration is 81 given to the promise of support from civic organizations within the county. PUBLICATIONS AND EXHIBITS Various publications and exhibits of the Public Health Service are available for distribution in the demonstration projects. HEADQUARTERS ADDRESS Correspondence on rural health work may be addressed to the Surgeon General, U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, D. C, or to the Officer in Charge, Rural Sanitation Office, Hygiene Laboratory. 25th and E Sts., N. W., Washington, D. C. 82 VII. Projects of the National Council, Other Affiliations and Officials Although the National Council has lacked a budget and has been almost wholly occupied in defining its functions, several projects have already been attempted. 1. A plan for the Co-ordination of Rural Programs of Recreation was discussed by the representatives of eleven agencies at Washington, D. C. on March 29th, 1921. The results of this conference are pub- lished in Circular Number 6. 2. Tht Sphere of the County Farm Bureau has also been discussed. A conference to be called in the near future is to take up this problem in detail. 3. A Country Life Program for State and Federal Extension Agencies has been discussed in relation to the American Farm Bureau Federa- tion. A conference instructed to deal with this question is to be called soon. 4. The Co-ordination of the Activities of Organisations Which Deal With Rural Children to Work Out Reasonable Standards of Child Accomplishment is a project which the Council has been requested to approach. 5. County Budgets for Financing Rural Social Agencies is another project which the Council has been asked to study. Other projects have been suggested but the ensuing year's work will undoubtedly be devoted to those mentioned above. OFFICIALS OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL Chairman — Kenyon L. Butterfield, Amherst, Mass. Secretary — E. C. Lindeman, Greensboro, N. C. Committee on Policies — Chairman — E. C. Lindeman, H. S. Braucher, Elizabeth Ailing, Courtenay Dinwiddie, Lee F. Hanmer. Committee on Finances and Budget — Chairman — Raymond G. Fuller, Anna M. Clark, Edmund de S. Brunner. BUDGET The National Council plans to employ a secretary to carry on the administrative details of its work. The proposed budget for the en- suing year has been set at nine thousand dollars. The American Red Cross has consented to furnish three thousand dollars of this amount on the condition that the Council furnish the remaining six thousand. 33 It is hoped to raise this amount by means of contributions from affil- iated agencies and organizations and from private subscriptions. OTHER RELATIONS The national social agencies and organizations of the United States have formed a co-ordination council under the leadership of the National Information Bureau, One Madison Avenue, New York. This council which includes fifty-eight national agencies is divided into nine- functional groups: Health, Community Organization, Rural So- cial Work, Child Welfare, Racial Advance, The Immigrant, Family Welfare, Industrial and Economic Problems, Delinquents and Correc- tions. The functional group on Rural Social Problems is to be consid- ered as coterminous with the National Council of Agencies Engaged in Rural Social Work. The secretary of this group is a member of the general committee of the council. 84 Special Index DIVISION OF CONTENTS Page /. The National Council of Agencies Engaged in Rural Social Work and the American Country Life Association - - 3-4 II. Principles of the National Council and Plan of Organi^a- iion - - - _ . . ^-6 III. Agencies and Organisations Affiliated With the National Council - - - _ _ _ 7-8 IV. The Country Life Field . _ . g-io V. Objectives of the Country Life Movement - - 11-12 VI. Programs of Work and Personnel of Agencies and Organi- sations Affiliated With the National Council - i3-82 VII. Public Agencies Affiliated With the National Council on a Co-operative Basis . _ _ _ 60-82 VIII. Projects of the National Council, Other Affiliations, and Officials . _ . . - 83^4 WHERE TO FIND THE AFFILIATED AGENCIES. THEIR PRO- GRAMS OF WORK. OFFICIALS. ET CETERA American Farm Bureau Federation - - - 13-15 American Home Economics Association - - 15- American Library Association - - - 15-17 American National Red Cross • - - • 17-22 Child Health Organization of America ... 22-24 Church and Country Life Department; Board of Home Missions Presbyterian Church in the United States of America - 24-25 Community Service, Incorporated ... 26-27 Department of Rural Work; Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church - 27-31 Federal Council of Churches and Home Missions Council - 31-33 Girl Scouts, Inc. - .... 33-37 National Child Health Council 37-39 National Child Labor Committee ...... 39-40 National Catholic Welfare Council; Rural Life Bureau - ■ 41-42 National Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations - 42-43 National Education Association; Rural Education Department - 43-51 National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry .... 51-53 Playground and Recreation Association of America ... 53-54 Russell Sage Foundation; Department of Recreation . 54-55 Young Men's Christian Association; County Work Department - 55-57 Young Woman's Christian Association; Country Department - 58-59 United States Department of Agriculture; Office of Farm Manage- ment. Farm Life Studies and Farm Economics - - 60-61 United States Department of Agriculture; States Relation Service, Co-operative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Eco- nomics .......... 61-69 United States Department of Labor; Children's Bureau . 69-79 Upitod States Public Health Service 79-82 85 GENERAL INDEX PAGE ABBOTT. GRACE 48 Accidents 69 Accident, prevention 19 Action, legislative 13 Admissions 6 Adolescence 37 Administration - 86, 40 Affiliations - 7. 13, 83 AGANS, D. H. 62 Agencies - - 6, 7, 9, 11, 13 Agencies, local - - 19 Agricultural Colleges 61, 64, 66, 67 Agricultural - - - - 39 Agricultural districts 69 Agricultural educators 47 Agricultural education - 62 Agricultural statistics - - 14 Agrictilture - - 43, 61, 14, 40, 62 ALABAMA - 67, 81 ALASKA - - 25, 29, 36 Allies, of the Church - 27 ALLING, ELIZABETH - - 83 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF RED CROSS - - . - 18 AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FED- ERATION - - 6, 7, 16.1 83 AMERICAN COUNTRY LIFE AS- SOCIATION - - 4, 6, 37 AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION - - B, 7, IB AMERICAN BAPTIST HOME MIS- SION SOCIETY - 6 AMERICAN CHILD HYGIENE AS- SOCIATION - - 37 AMERICAN CHILD, THE 40 American ideals - - 34 Americanization - - 42 AMERICAN RED CROSS B, 7. 17, - - - - -373S83 AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIA- TION - - 6. 7. IB. 16, 17 AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS 17, 18, 19, 20, 21. 22 Amendments - _ - 6 ANDERSON. MRS. P. O. - B3 ANTHONY. ALFRED WILLIAMS 33 Anti-tuberculosis 23 ARIZONA - 69 ARKANSAS - - 67 ARLINGTON COUNTY 81 Armies - . - 18 ARNOLD. Sarah. LOUISE 34 ARNSTEIN. MRS. LEO 34 Arch-bishops - 41 Artists - 34 Assistance - 6 ATLANTA , - - - - 22 ASSOCIATION MONTHLY 59 ASSOCIATION MEN - 57 Athletics - - 64 ATKESON, THOMAS C. - B2 Appropriations - 28 Autonomy - - 19 BAKER, N. B. - - BALDWIN, R. J. BALTIMORE Banking BARRIER, Dr. YOUNG BARRIER, HELEN D. BATH COUNTY BECK, BERTHA BECK, JAMES M. Bedside Bee-keeper BELMONT, MRS. AUGUSTA BENGSTON. AMALIA BARRY. JOSEPH F. Better health Better homes Better religious life Better rural living Better stocial life BIRNEY, MRS. THEODORE Birth rate - . - BISCHEL, GEO. BLISS, R. K. Bishops BLACK, B. J. BLAKEMAN, F. E. PAGE BO, 61 67 11, IB 14 24 78 B BACON, Mrs. SELDON - - 34 BADEN-POWELL. SIR ROBERT 33 BAKER, H. J. 67 21 20 34 21 50 31 13 13 13 13 13 21, 42 69 52 67 41 52 - 52 Blind 17, 20 BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS, METH- ODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 6, 7, 27. 28, 29, 30, 31 BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS, PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 5, 7. 24, 25 BOARDMAN, MABEL T. 21 Boards - - 13 Boards of Health - - 23 BODY, MBS. NICHOLAS F. 34 Books - 16. 17 BOONE. H. A. 60, 51 BOSTON - 22, 56. 58 BOWMAN. A. E. - 69 Boy Scouts - 33 Boy Scouts of America 5 Boys' and Girls' Clubs 55, 61, 64 Boys' camps - - - 57 Boys' conferences - - 57 BRADLEE, THOMAS - 68 Braille - - - . 16, 20 BRAUCHEE, H. S. - - 27, 54, 83 Branches - - - 18 BRENCKMAN, FRED . - 53 BRIGDEN, MRS. A. E. - - 16 BROKAW. W. H. - - 68 BROWN, MRS. MARY - 63 BROOKS, MRS. FREDERICK H. - 34 BROWN. F. M. - 53 BROWN. MRS. IZETTA - IB Brownies - - - - 35 BRUNNER. EDMUND de S. 33. 83 Budget - - - SO, 83 BUELL, JENNIE - - 53 BUMGARNER, C. - - 62 BUNDY, MARGARET - . 63 BUREAU OF EDUCATION - 22 BURNHAM, ERNEST 49, 60 BURNS, MELVIN P. -81 Business woman - - 34 BUTLER. GEORGE D. - - 27 BUTTERFIELD. KENYON L. 8, 4. 83 By-laws - - - - 6 86 PAGE PAGE CADWALLADER, STARR - 22 Calamities - - 18 CALIFORNIA - - - 52, 67 CAMPBELL. DOUGLAS - - 34 CAMPBELL, J. P. - . 67 Camp Fire Girls ■ . 37 Campintr - - 34, 36, 58 CANADA - - 17, 22, 57 Canninsr - - -63 Care of the Sick - - - 19 CARNEY, MABEL - - 49, 57 CAPE COD SANITARY DISTRICT - 81 CAREY, MRS. FRANCIS - 84 CASCADE COUNTY 81 Catastrophy - - - 30 CATHOLIC CHURCH - - -41 Catholic Directory - - - 41 CATHOLIC WELFARE COUNCIL, THE NATIONAL - 41 CATON. H. A. - - 62 Centers - - 27 Centenary Survey - - 30 Centennial Exhibition - 16 CHAPMAN, J. VIRGIL 60, 51 CHAPMAN, C. P. - - - 52 Chapter - - 18, 19, 20 Chapter organization - - 18 Charities - - - 19 CHARLOTTE COUNTY - 81 CHASE, MRS. C. L. - - - 58 CHEROKEE COUNTY - - 81 CHESTERFIELD COUNTY - 81 CHICAGO - 3, 11, 16, 17, 22, 44 Child ... - 37 Child accomplishment, standard of - 83 Child activities - - - - 69 Child health - . - 38, 39, 69 CHILD HEALTH ORGANIZATION OF AMERICA . 23, 6, 7, 37 Child health organizations - 37, 23 Children's libraries - - 17 Child life 69 Child labor . . 39, 48 Child nursing - . 36 Child Welfare IB, 20, 22, 40, 42, 43, 69 84 Children 22, 23, 89, 40, 42, 46, 63, 69 Children's books - . .16 CHILDREN'S BUREAU . 8, 69, 78 Children's Codes . - 39 CHOATE, MRS. O. V. - 34 "Cho Cho" . - 22 Christian laymen - . 67 Christianity . . 65 CHRISTIANSON, ETTA - BO CHRISTIE, G. I. . . . 67 Church - . 27, 28, 30, 42, 58 CHURCH AND COUNTRY LIFE DE- PARTMENT . 7, 24 Church extension . 30 Church policy ... 28, 31 Church residence . . . 29 Churches ... 9, 43 Cities ... . .18 Citizenship - . - 19, 26, 35 City - . . . 26, 41 City Association - .55 City dailies - .14 City Work - - - - 31 Civic Agencies - 80, 88 Civic centers - . . 55 Civilian - .20 CLARK, ANNA M. - 83 CLARKE COUNTY 81 Classes . . . 19 CLEVELAND - - 17, 22 Clinics - . . 19 CLINTON, L. A. - - 68 CLOPPER, EDWARD N. - - 40 Clothing - .63 Clubs .... 28 Collective bargaining - .13 Colleges ... 10, 19, 27, 88 College of Agriculture . . 60 COLORADO - IB, 61, 62, 67, 70 Commission on Church and Country Life - - .33 Commissions - - --13 COMMITTEES, AMERICAN COUN- TRY LIFE ASSOCIATION - 11 Communicable diseases - 20, 79 Communication - 9 Communities - - 18, 26, 28, 43 Community - 9, 19, 20, 26, 29, 34 Community center - .66 Community enterprises - 63 Community organization 84 Community problems 66 Community service - - 29 COMMUNITY SERVICE. INCORPOR- ATED - - 6. 7, 20 Community work - 43 Compulsory education - - 39, 48 Conference ... 11, 69 Congress, 13. 17, 18, 89, 48, 46, 01, 69. 79, no CONNECTICUTT - 52, 53, 67 Consolidated School Principals - 47 Consolidation of Churches 28 Consolidation of rural schools 48 Consumer . - - 14 Continuation schools - - 40 COOK, A. B. - - - 52 COOK, W. M. . - 67 COOLEY, F. S. 68 COOPER, T. P. - . . 07 Co-operative associations - 63 Co-operative Extension Work - 67 Co-operative marketing . 14 Co-operative program 10 Co-operative project - - 80 Co-operation among farmers and con- sumers - - - 42 COOPER, LENNA 16 Co-ordination - 83 CORMER, W. A. - 68 Corrections . 9. 8 4 Country children - 47 Country churches 24. 32 Country communities 10. 56 Country Life - - 9. 41. 62 COUNTRY LIFE DEPARTMENT - 13 Country Life Field - - 10, 11 Country Life Movement - 10. 11, 88 Country Life Problems - 9 Country Life Programs - 88 Country people - - 9 Country planning - 10 Counties - - 26, 80 County - - 18, 42, 43, 58, 59 County Agricultural Agent 62, 64 County Board of Agriculture - 65 County budgets - 83 County Committee - 67 County Councils - 65 87 PAGE COUNTRY DEPAETMENT. Y. W. C. A. - . . 59 County Farm Bureau - - 83 County Home Demonstration Agent, 62 County Libraries - - 16, 17 County organization - - 20 County Secretary - - 55 County Superintendents - - 46 County Work - - 56, 66, 57 COUNTY WORK DEPARTMENT - 66 County unit - - 49 Courses of study - 27 Craftsmen - - - 34 CHATTY, MABEL - - - 59 CRICHTON, DR. J. E. - - 22 Credits, personal - - 14 CREEL, C. W. 68 CROCHERON, B. H. - - 67 Crop statistics - 14 CUBA - - 25 CUMBERLAND COUNTY - 8] Currency - - 14 Curriculum - 23, 47 D DANA, MARIAN Dancer Dancing Dangerous occupations DAVENPORT, EUGENE - DAVIDSON, WALTER DAVISON, HENRY P. DEAL, W. W. DEAN, GEORGE B. Defective DE FOREST, ROBERT W. DELAWARE Delegates Delinquency DEMAREST, WILLIAM T. Demonstrations Denominational Exchanges Denominations - 25 Demonstration Parishes DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE U. S. 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 DEPAETMENT OF EDUCATION - 45 DEPARTMENT OP RURAL EDUCA- TION - . . 47, 49 DEPAETMENT OF EUEAL WOEK, BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS AND CHURCH EXTENSION OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH - . 7 DEPAETMENT OF RECEEATION, RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION 64 - 50 34 65 69 67 - 22 21 52 31 9 70 21 52, 53, 67 6 9, 40, 84 19, 62, , 27, 31, Dependency Dependent Desertion ^ DES MOINES Dietitians DINWIDDIE, COURTENAY Dioceses Disaster Disaster Eelief Service Diseases of Children Diseases of man Distribution DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA District directors District Relief Service 40 9 69 47 23 83 41 18 19 69 79 14 IB 36 19 District Superintendents Division Division Headauarters Division of Hygiene DIXON, G. W. DODGE, MRS. FRANCIS P. DOHERTY, MRS. JAMES Domestic Domestic operations DRAKE, G. R. Dramatic demonstrations Dramatics Drowning DUNCAN, L. N. PAGE 28, 30 18 18 78 52 34 34 - 18 21 53 - 22 23, 55 19 67 Eastern States Ecclesiastical ECKEET, E. A. Economics - 14, 27, 41, Economic co-operation Economic forces Econ'omic problems EDEY, MRS. FEEDEEICK EDGECOMBE COUNTY EDGEFIELD COUNTY Editorial division Education - 9, 14, 15, 40, Educational - - 27, Educational methods Educational problems Educational standards Eight Week Clubs EIGHTH SANITAEY DISTEICT Elementary education ELLIOTT, WM. J. Employment Bureau ENGLAND Epidemic diseases Epidemics ESCHENBEENNER, JOSEPHINE, European countries EVANS, R. J. Evangelism Executive committee 18, 19, Executive secretary Exhibits 16, 17, 20. 26, 30, 40, 43, Experiment Station Workers Extension Agencies Extension Directors Extension Schools Extension service Extension Specialists Extension workers Family Family welfare Famine Farmer minds Farm home Farmer's viewpoint FANCHER, B. H. Farming Farm Bureaus Farm crops Farm Economics Farmer 61 42 31 62 69 42 62 84 34 81 65 78 43, 44 39, 61 32 45 45 58 81 49 31 16, 69 33, 36 - 80 20 J. 40 - 57 68 25 21, 22 6 78. 82 65 83 60 64 16 62 15 63, 70 84 18 13 43 13 - 57 70 14, 14, 13, 34, 61, 66 14 60 60 Farmers Education and Co-operative Union - 5 Farmers' Institutes - - 65 88 PAGE 18 60 OP 6, 60 • 66 - 60 66 14 14 18 PAGE Farmers' Interest Farm Life Studies FARM MANAGEMENT, OFFICE Farm organizations Farm population Farm problems Farm products Farm publications Farm sentiment Farm women - - 68 Far West - - - 42 Father and Son banquets - - 67 FAUQUIER COUNTY - 81 Federal and State Relations - 17 Federal Appropriations - - 45 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES - 5, 7, 81 FEDERAL COUNCIL OP CHURCHES AND HOME MISSIONS COUN. CIL Federal Farm Loan Act Federal Government Federal legislation Federation FEISER, JAMES L. Fellowships Fertilizer Festivals Field, the Country Life Field days Field investigations Field representatives Field secretaries Field superintendents Field work FIEMER, GEORGE Finances Financial Committee Fire ... First Aid FISHER, HELEN DWIGHT FITZGERALD, N. E. Flood FLORIDA FLUHARTY. L. W. FOLKS, HOMER Food preservation Food production Foods and nutrition Forces Foreign Foreign born Foreign countries Foreign languages Foreign markets Foreign operations Formation FOUST, E. R. FORSYTH, DAVID D. FOSTER, CHARLES H. Fraternal FRAME, NAT T. Frontier work FREEMAN, C. M. FULLER, RAYMOND G. - FUQUA, MRS. LULA GALPIN, C. J. GAMBLE, MRS. M. L. Games 28, 22, 66, 18, 82, 83 14 65 61 41 22 26 14 66 68 69 18 59 25 26 22 83 22 SO 19 40 60 30 67 67 40 68 13 88 22 18 17 79 16 14 21 8 68 31, 83 22 61 69 31 62 83 63 40, Gardening GEER, A. E. General Conference GENEVA GEORGIA GIBBONS, CHARLES E. GILBERT, E. H. GILBERT, WILLIAM M. Girl Guides Girl Scouts . . 6 Girls Girls' clubs GIRL SCOUTS, INCORPORATED GLYNN COUNTY Golden Eaglet GOLDEN, MRS. N. H. Government Government Printing Office Government supervision Grants GRATIOT COUNTY GREENE COUNTY GREENEVILLE COUNTY Group plan Gymnasium H 37, 61 62 23, 64 Handbook Handicrafts HAMMERGREN, A. R. HANMER, LEE F. Happy HARDING, WARREN G. HARLAND, F. G. HARRISON, G. R. HARRISON COUNTY HARTT, MRS. ARTHUR W. HAWAII Headquarters' town Health - - 9, 84 Health agencies Health center Health conferences Health consultant Health demonstrations Health education Health education for school Health Fairy Health habits Health instruction Health plays Health problems Health service Health, standards of Health supervision Health teaching Health workers HEARST, MRS. PHOEBE HENRY COUNTY HERRICK, MYRON T. HERZOG, MRS. J. High Schools Highways Hikes HILL, ALBERT ROSS HILL COUNTY HODSON, T. A. HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL HOLIDAY HOLT, DR. L. EMMET Home . - . Home Demonstration Agents Home Economics 86 . 62 . 27 18 67» 81 . 40 . 62 81 . S3 86, 36. 87 84, 88 58 FED 83, 34 81 . 35 . 63 9 . 23 14, 18 . 30 . 70 81 . 81 56 • 54 86 . 65 . 52 . 83 _ 22 . 21 68 62 . 81 . 84 29, 36 . 18 43, 48, 84 . 80 19, 69 . 70 . 22 _ 69 20, 22 children 38 . 22 . 23 . 64 . 28 _ 22 19, 80 . 22 _ 89 . 28 . 22 . 42 _ 81 . 26 . 63 10, 47 - 14 . 34 . 21 70 . 63 - 81. , S3 . 34 . 24 9. 87, , 42 1 61, 64, , 66 89 Home Economics, Journal of Home garden Home hygiene Home Lands, The Home-making Home nursing Home problems Home Workers Home recreation Home sanitation Home Service Home Service Secretary HOPKINS. HARRY L. HOOVER, MRS. HERBERT Household management Housing HOUSTON, DAVID. HON. HOWARD, W. N. HUGHES, WILLIAM A. C. HUTCHESON, J. R. Hygiene 9, 16, 62, 62, 63, 62, IDAHO IDHE, HERMAN ILLINOIS Immigrant Immigration Inspection INDIA Income r- Index INDIANA Industrial International Committee Industrial conditions Industrial Division Industrial nursing Industrial problems Infant Infant mortality Information Service Investigation Inter-Church Relations Inter-denominational International International Conference International Council of Scouts Interpreter Institutes Institutions Institutional libraries Invalids Investigation IOWA - - 52, IRELAND, MERRIETTE W. ISABELLA COUNTY ISELINS, MRS. C. OLIVER Inspectors of Rural Schools JASPER COUNTY Juvenile Courts PAGE 15 55 19 26 34, 36 36 66 - 15 56 63 19 19 ■ 22 33 . 63 63 40 63 31 68 42 53, 67 62 66, 67 84 79 - 67 37 -16, 17 53, 67 39 65, 66, 67 69 70, 78 20 84 20 69 19 9 32 29, 30 9 18 36 34 - 26 10, 40 17 63 40 53, 67 21 70 69 46 81 69 PAGE J JAMISON. MRS. WILLIAM G. - 15 JEAN, MRS. E. O. - 68 JEAN, SALLY LUCAS - 24 JeBUs Christ - 25, 58 JOHNSON, R. - - 52 Joseph Lee - . . 54 "Jolly Jester" - 22 "Joy" - - 22 Journal of Home Economics . 15 Journal of Rural Education - 46 JUDSON, A. B. 62 Junior Red Cross 19, . 20 Juniors 19, 35 Junior Red Cross News 21 K KALAMAZOO 49 KANSAS - - 52, 53, 67, 81 KEELER, LOUISE B. 17 KEEPER, C. A. - 68 KENDALL, J. C. - 68 KENT, H. L. 60, 51 KENTUCKY - 62, 63, 66, 67, 81 KETCHAM, JOHN C. 52 KETCHAM, MRS. JOHN C. 16 KILGORE, B. W. - - 68 KIMBALL, ALFRED R. 33 Kindergarten songs 17 Kindergarten extension 42 Kingdom of God 58 KIRBY, GUSTAVUS T. 64 KOESTER, MRS. FANNY 63 KRAUSE. LOUISE B. 17 KUMLEIN, W. F. 68 L Labor . 14 LANDIS. BENSON Y. 33 LAKE, JOHN 55 Lantern slides 79 Land - - • 68 Land Grant Colleges 60 LANE COUNTY 42 LANGHOUT. MARY C. 60 LARIMER COUNTY 70 Law 40 Leadership . . - 9, 68 Leaflets 16 Lectures ... 19 LEE, JOSEPH 26, 54 Legislation 9, 17, 39, 69, 42 Legislative _ 13 Legislative matters 14 Legislative program 39 Legislative service 61 Leisure 26 LENROOT, KATHERINE F. 78 LEWIS. F. W. 53 LIBBY. E. H. 63 Librarians 16 Library 16 Library establishment 16 Library extension _ 16 Library development 16 Library conference 16 Library of Congress 17 Library, The John Crerar 17 Library agencies 16 Library publicity 16 Library training 17 Library service 16 Library topics _ 16 Life work 27 LINDEMAN. E. C. 83 LINDSAY. SAMUEL McCUNE . 40 Literature - - 19. 30, 42 Local forces 66 Local agencies 82 Local community 26, 40 Local council 36 Local leader 69 Local pastor 24 90 PAGE PAGE LONDON LOUDERDALE COUNTY LOOMIS, A. M. LONG, W. W. LOUISIANA LOWELL, S. J. LOVEJOY, OWEN R. LOW, MRS. JULIETTE LUNDBEEG, EMMA O. LUNENBURG COUNTY 66 81 62 68 67 62 40 33 78 81 M MACY, V. EVERIT - - -lO MACY, MRS. V. EVERIT - 36 MADISON COUNTY - 81 Magazines - " „ MARLING, ALFRED E. - 57 MAINE - - 62, 53, 67 MANN, A. E. - 68 MANNING, A. M. 62 MANSFIELD, OHIO - 89 Manses - 26 Manual of Library Economy 17 Marine Hospital Service - 79 MARIS. P. V. 68 Marketing: 14 MARQUIS, JOHN A. - 26 MARTIN, E. GWEN 34 MARTIN, O. L. - 62 MARYLAND 52, 63, 67. 70 MASON COUNTY - - 81 MASSACHUSETTS 52, 63, 67, 81 Maternity - - 20 MATTHEWS, ELLEN N. - 78 MACFARLAND, CHARLES S. 33 McADOO. MRS. WILLIAM G. 34 McALPIN. DR. D. H. - 67 McARN, ROUD - 67 McCUE, C. A. 67 McDowell, m. s. - - 68 McSPARRAN, J. A. - 62 McDowell, whitford l. 31 mead, MRS. ROBERT G. - 34 Medical Relief - 80 Medical services - - 18. 38 Membership - 30, 44. 36 Membership, initial • - 5 Mental Hygiene - 20 MERRILL, L. S. - - 67 Merchant Marine - - 14 Methodism - - 29 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 28 29 MEYER, A. J. - - - ' 68 MEYERS. H. H. B. - 17 MICHIGAN - 16, 26, 62, 63, 67, 70 Middle West - - 42 MILAM, CARL H. Military Relief Ministers Minister's Association, Rural MINNESOTA Missionaries Missionary support Missions MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI Monopoly MONROE, C. F. MORRIS, JOHN MONTANA Mother's Clubs 17 19 27, 28 28 62, 63. 68 - 26 - 29 42 68, 81 16, 62, 63. 68, 81 14 . - 68 62 62, 63, 68, 81 42, 43 Mother's Pensions Motion pictures Motor Service Motorist MOTT, JOHN R. MUERMAN. J. C. MUSCOGEE COUNTY 56, 79 20 34 57 49, 60 81 N Nation - ' „" ,„ f~ National - - 9. '»'>. *» National Advisory Committee - is National Advisory Groups - 38 National Board of Farm Organizations 5 NATIONAL CATHOLIC WELFARE COUNCIL - 6. 7, 41 National Central Committee - 18 NATIONAL CHILD HEALTH COUN- CIL - - 6, 7, 37 NATIONAL CHILD LABOR COM- MITTEE - 6, 7, 38. 39. 40. 22 NATIONAL CONGRESS OF MOTH- ERS AND PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATIONS - 7, 42 NATIONAL COUNCIL 4, 7, 10, 11, 13, National Council of Catholic Women 41 National Council of Catholic Men 41, 42 NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIA- TION - - 6, 44, 46, 46, 49 NATIONAL GRANGE 7, 61, 52 National Grange Monthly - 61 NATIONAL GRANGE OF THE PAT- RONS OF HUSBANDRY National Information Bureau - 84 National Organization - 33 National Officers - S3 NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING 7. 38 National questions - ' ^j National Social Agencies 84 National Teachers' Association - 44 National Tuberculosis Association 6. 38 Nature study Navy NEBRASKA NEEDHAM. B. Negro work NELSON, FRED NELSON. S. B. NEWELL. WILMON NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY New Jersey Plan NEW MEXICO NEWSON, JESSE NEW ORLEANS NEW YORK 36 18 52. 53, 68 52 31 - 62 69 67 68 62, 53, 68 62, 63, 68, 70 49 68 52 12 63, 68 22 16, 22, New York Academy of Medicine NEW YORK CITY 3, 23, 24. 25. 27, 32. 37, 40, 57 NEWBOLD, N. C. - 50 News Letter - - 14 Newspapers - - 41 Normal Schools - 23, 10, 47 NORTH CAROLINA - - 68, 81 NORTH DAKOTA - 52, 63, 68 NORTH UMBERLAND COUNTY - 81 Nurses - - - 19, 23 Nursing service - - 19 Nutrition - - 63 Nutrition service - 19 91 o PAGE Objectives - - H OFFICE OF FAEM MANAGEMENT 6, 8, 60 Officers - - 21, 24, 40, 43, 46 Officials - - 6, 78, 83 O'HARA, EEV. EDWIN V. - 42 OHIO - - B2, 63, 68 62, 63, 68, 81 OKLAHOMA Open country ORANGE COUNTY OREGON Organization Organizations Orphanage OTTAWA COUNTY Outdoor life S8 81 41, 52, 53, 68 19, 43 6, 7, 11, 13 69 81 34 28 Over-churched Communities Pageants - - - 56, 58 Pamphlets - 14, 16, 17, 41, 42 PANAMA - " - ao PARENT-TEAGHER ASSOCIATION Parish Houses Parishes Parish System Parsonages PARSONS, MRS. LLEWELLYN Pastors " " PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY PAYNE, JOHN BARTON PAYNE, M. T. 29, 30 41 42 - 30 - 34 25, 29 51 21 67 52 68 - 44 31, 52, 53, 68 16 - 67 21 24 18, 19 PEAKE, G. H. PECK, F. N. Permanent tenure PENNSYLVANIA Periodicals PERKINS, W. E. PERSONS, W. FRANK - PETERSON, DR. FREDERICK Pestilence - - - . PHILADELPHIA - 5, 30, 31, 43, 44 Photographs - 40 Physical conditions - . 69 Physical Examinations - - 39, 70 Physical training - "5* Physical Training Teachers - 23 Pictures - - - 16 PINCHOT, GIFFORD - - 33 Placement - - - 39 Plan of organizations - - 6 Platform - - 44 Play - - - 34, 37, 39 PLAYGROUND, THE ■ - 58, 54 PLAYGROUND AND RECREATION ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA 6, 53 Plays for children Policy - - - POPE, GUSTAVUS D. Porto Rican Survey PORTO RICO Positions Post war services Posters Poverty PRATT, MRS. HAROLD I. - Pre-natal PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Presbyteries 16 14, 83 21 78 26, 29 - 16 19 23 89 34 20 24 25 PAGE President - - * l? President's Cabinet - -45 Prevention of disease - 80 Preventive work - 18 Price fluctuations . - 14 PRICE, MRS. THEODORE H. - 34 PRIEST, A. A. - - 63 Principles and Methods of County Work, Handbook of - .57 Principles of the National Council - 6 PRITCHARD, MATHILDE E. - 33 Private Agencies - - 7 Private organizations - 37 Proceedings - 11, 12 14 16 34 14 - 19 11, 13 13 - 18 9 83 - 22 - 80 58 60 37, 38 36, 40, 45 19, 20, 38 80, 81, 82 13 39 19, 46 Publications 11, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 30, 32, 36, 38, 40, 43, 51, 64, 55, 57, 59 16, 31 Producer Professions Proficiency Badges Profits Program - - - Programs Programs of Work Project Committee Projects - - - Projects of the National Council Propoganda Promotion of Health Psychology of Girls Public Agencies Public Departments Public Health Public Health Nursing Public Health Service Public mind Public recreation Public Schools Publicity R Racial advance RALEIGH COUNTY EAINE, C. O. - RAMSOWER, H. C. RANDLETT, G. W. Railways Reconstruction Fund Recreation - 9, 26, 29, 40, Recreation problems Recreation programs RED CROSS Red Gross Courier Red Cross Societies Red Gross Workers REEVES, MRS. A. H. REIK, MRS. EDITH RUDE, ANNA E. Relief - . . Religious Life Religious organizations Religious surveys Religious workers Representatives Research Research project Resident pastor REYNOLDS, ANNIE RHODE ISLAND RICHMOND COUNTY RICHLAND COUNTY RILEY, F. J. . 84 70 _ 52 _ 68 . 68 _ 14 . 30 63, 64. 83 _ 54 _ 58 19, 20 . 21 17, 18 . 23 43 . 53 . 78 . 18 - 13, 27 . 68 _ 32 . 32 _ 18 . 69 _ 60 - 29 . 60 52, 53, 68 . 81 . 39 - 53 92 PAGE EOANOKB COUNTY - " " Si ROGERS, HAROLD G. - - 22 RIPPIN. MES. JANE DEETER - 33, 34 Roada - " " ^" 12 ROBERTS, ALBERT E. - B7 r8sENwAd!^MBS. 'jULIUS ' - 34 ROTCH, AKTHUR G. - - 22 ROTHSCHILD, MRS. W. N. - 84 BOUND Y, RODNEY W. - 33 Rural - - ' Rs Rural association - oo Rural charges - - J° Rural childhood - ' Vi Rural children - - 8| S C?,SL^'nities :26,-28,l9%4!'8; Rural Counties - - °\ RURAL DEPARTMENT - 46 RURAL DEPARTMENT, N. E A _ . - 44, D, ( Rural Districts - - " ^*' ?t Rural District Societies - - f" Rural Education - - 9, 44, 46 Rural Extension Workers „" „, H Rural field - - 27, 31, 69 Rural interests - " ,J Rural institutions - „ }? Rural health - ' ®' ii Rural health problems - oO Rural health work - - 82 Rural High School - 48 Rural home - " ' JS Rural leadership - " ? Rural life - - -i» RURAL LIFE BUREAU OF THE SOCIAL ACTION DEPART- MENT OF THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC WELFARE COUN- CIL . - - 41 Rural Life Commissions - 28 Rural Life Conferences - 28 Rural life studies - - 8 Rural livinsr - - 13 RURAL MANHOOD, EDITION - 57 Rural Minister's Associations - 28 Rural Ministry - - 28 Rural needs . - 43 Rural organization - 9, 12 Rural people - - 18, 29 Rural population - 66 Rural problems - - 66 Rural programs - - - 83 Rural recreation - 9, 26, 63 Rural sanitation - - - 9, 82 RURAL SANITATION OFFICE - 82 Rural school . - - 22, 28, 43 Rural School Teachers - - 26 Rural School Administration - 47 Rural sections - - - 27 Rural Service - - 18 Rural Social Agencies - - 83 Rural Social Progress - - 10 Rural Social Problems - 9, 11, 84 Rural Socities - - - 27, 28 Rural Sociology - - - 10, 27 Rural Social Service . . - 9 Rural Social Work - 9, 11, 41, 84 Rural Supervisors - - - 46 Rural Teacher - - - 49, B 3 Rural Teachers - - 43, 46, 48 Rural Weeklies ... 14 Rural Welfare - - - 42 Rural Work - - 27. 81, 42 PAGE Rural Work Department - 28 Religious Workers - - ,„-.., '" RURAL YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION - - - S„ RUSK COUNTY - - 'J RUSSBL, H. L. - - - 5» RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION 6, 7, 54 SAGINAW COUNTY - 70 ST. LOUIS - - 22 Salaries - - - - 26, 45, 48 SALT LAKE CITY - - 44 SAN FRANCISCO - - 20 Sanitation ■ 9. 38, 48 SAWYER, H. N. - 62 Secretary of Agriculture - 60, 61, 66 SANTO DOMINGO - - 25 Saviour ... - 68 SAYRE, MRS. M. G. - - 53 SCHINKLE, MRS. A. CLIFFORD - 34 Schools - 39, 42, 19, 20, 43, 45 School age - " ?? School attendance . - 39 School child . - - 22, 64 School garden - - - 66 School lunch 28, 68 School officials . - - 64 SCHUTTLER, Mrs. CHARLES - IB SCOTT. GEORGE E. - 21 SCOTT. CHARLES Jr. - 21 Scouting - - - - 35 SEATTLE - - - 22 SHERIDAN, MAUDE - 60 Sick - - - - - 19 SIMS. MRS. WILLIAM F. - 34 Slides - . - . 16. 40 SMART. THOMAS J. - - 50 SMITH. C. B. - 67 Smith Lever Act - - 61. 66 Smith-Towner Bill ... 46 Sociable life - - - 9 Social - - 16. 41. 51. 54 Social Action Department - 41. 42 Social activities - - 29 Social agencies ... 32, 68, 84 Social center - - - - 56 Social conditions - - - 69 Social forces ... 62 Social life - . . . 13 Social needs - - 29 Social problems 9 Social service - - 19 Social Service Division - 78 Social surveys - . - 26, 32 Social work - - 7, 9, 28 Social workers - - - 28 Sociology . . - - 9, 10 Sociology, Rural - - 27 Songs - - ... 23 South, The . - -42 SOUTH AMERICA . . 27 SOUTH CAROLINA - 65. 68 SOUTH DAKOTA - . 62, 53, 68 Southern States . - - 61 Speakers - . . - . 22 SPEER, ROBERT E. . - 88 SPEER, MRS. ROBERT E. . 69 SPENCE, C. E. . . . 52 SPITLER, MRS. O. - . 68 Sports ..... 54 SPRINGFIELD - - - . 12 93 PAGE PAGE Staff - 18, Standard of health _ _ - STARROW, MRS. JAMBS J. State . - - . 9, State Colleges - - - . State Health Departments State Leaders - - - State Legislation STATES RELATION SERVICE 8, 65, 60, 61 State unit State Universities Statistical Division Statistics STENE, A. E. STITT, EDWARD K. Story-telling Strikes Studies Subordinate Granges Sufferings Summer Schools Superintendent . - - Surgeon General, The Surgical relief Surveys - 27, 28, 40, SWAIM, C. C. - - SWIFT, MRS. E. M. SWEENEY, MARY E. - - 15 Swimming pool - - 55 SYMONS, T. B. 67 Synods - - 25 22, 40 22 34 40, 42 60 80 61 61 6, 49 43, 60 78 14, 38 68 21 66 14 9 51 18 32 28 ■82 80 42, 70 60, 61 34 Urban mind URMSTON, T. D. UTAH 23, TALLADEGA COUNTY Teacher Teacherages Teacher's College Teaching _ - - TENNESSEE TEXAS Textiles - - Theological Schools THOMPSON, CHARLES L. THOMPSON, N. J. Thrift Town Town and Country Committee Townships - - _ Training, children Training, teachers TEITES, FLORA Troops, Girl Scouts Truck farming TRUE, DR. A. C. 68, 81 23, 44, 64 ■ 48 49 44 68 70 63 27 33 52 43 26, 88 33 80 23 44 60 35 70 67 u H. 67 22, 25, 36, 40, 46, 51, 29, 41, 64, UMBERGER, Unajusted UNITED STATES - 17, 20 32, 33 43,t 44, 55, 60, 79, 84. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE - 6, 43, 60, 65, 67 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION . . - 43 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR - - - 6, 8, 69 UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE - 6, 8, 79, 82 -Universities - - - lo, 60 V VANDERBAEK, W. G. Ventilation VERMILYA, CHARLES E VERMONT Village communities Villages - - _ Village School Principals Virginia Vocational training VOGT, PAUL L. Volunteer service 13 52 68 63 38 31 62, 63, 68, 81 29 10 - 47 68, 81 39 31 19, 20 w WADSWORTH, ELIOT - 21 WALKER COUNTY 81 Wall panels - - 78 WALTON, T. O. . . 68 War - - - - 18 War Risk Insurance Act 80 War Scholarships - - - 30 WASHINGTON, STATE OF - 22, 52, 53, 69 WASHINGTON D. C. 3, 4, 6, 17, 22, 23, 38, 42, 43, 51, 52, 82, 83 Waterways _ _ _ 4 WATKINS, MRS. ARTHUR WEBB, WESLEY WEBB, A. E. WEDD, A. B. WEIDENSALL, ROBERT Weight of children WELCH. MRS. CHARLES WELD COUNTY Welfare, Child Welfare organizations WELTON, A. WEST VIRGINIA WILL COUNTY WILLAED, J. D. WILLIAMS, GEORGE WILLIAMS, MRS. PERCY H. WILLIAMS, H. E. WILLIAMS, T. M. WILSON, President WILSON, R. S. WILSON, WARREN H. WISCONSIN - 5 Woman Woman's Committee WOOD, Dr. THOMAS D. WOODBURY, ROBERT N. Woodcraft Working papers 53 53 63 - 65 23 34 70 20, 69 66 53 15, 52, 63, 69, 70 55 67 66 34 62 62 44 68 26 53, 69 19, 42 15 24 78 36 39 World's Young Woman's Christian As- sociation - - 58 WYOMING - - - 62, 53, 69 WRIGHT, I. H. - . . 62 YATES, JEANETTE - . 53 YOKUM, MARY E. - - - 53 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSO- CIATION - 6, 7, 65, 66, 57 Young woman - - - 68 YOUNG WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN ASSO- CIATION - - 6, 7, 58, 69 94 NOTE A limited number of copies of this bulletin may be secured in loose-leaf binding. It is proposed to issue supplements from time to time, and the affiliated agencies may wish to keep the files up- to-date in this manner. The price of the loose- leaf edition i& fhirty-five cents per copy. "Human society it made up of partiali- ties. Each citizen has an interest and a view of his own, which if followed out to its ex- treme, would leave no room for any other citizen." — Ralph Waldo Emerson. "True social progress is not achieved by over-emphasizing any one of its particular phases, but rather by a forward movement of the whole line." Binder Gaylord Bros., Inc. Syracuse, N.Y. Pat. No. 877188