GJomell Unioetstttj Hibrarg 3tliara, Near fork FROM THE BENNO LOEWY LIBRARY COLLECTED BY BENNO LOEWY 1854-1919 BEQUEATHED TO CORNELL UNIVERSITY DATE DUE fl/M ECa*^ CAVLORD PAINTED IN US. A Ms '537 ft 047254 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924097851350 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY NEW YORK Rev. WILLIAM WALTER, D.D. FIRST GRAND MASTER OF MASONS, GRAND LODGE OF NEW YORK, '781-2-3. HISTORY OF THE MOST ANCIENT AND HONORABLE FRATERNITY OP FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS IN NEW YORK FEOM THE EARLIEST DATE. EMBRACING THE HISTORY OP THE GRAND LODGE OF THE STATE, PROM ITS FORMATION IN 1781, AND A SKETCH OP EACH LODGE UNDER ITS JURIS- DICTION ; PRECEDED BY A BRIEF ACCOUNT OP EARLY MASONRY IN ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, IRELAND, AND SEVERAL CONTINENTAL NATIONS, TOGETHER WITH AN OUTLINE OP THE ORIGIN OP THE INSTITUTION IN THE THIRTEEN COLONIES OP THE UNION. BY CHARLES T. McCLENACHAN, HISTORIAN OF THE GRAND LODGE. VOLUME IV. NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY THE GKAND LODGE. 1894. Copyright, 1894, by EDWARD M. L. EHLERS, Gband Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New York.. 2-32- Press of J. J. Little & Co. Astor Place, New York CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV. PAGE Illustrations in Fourth Volume vii Regulations in force, 1861, 1 Masonry and the Civil War, 16 The Proposed Peace Convention fails, .... 31 The Hall and the Asylum, 45 The Emperor of Prance appoints a Grand Master, . 53 The Delta and the Letter G, 57 Can a Non-Resident be a Master ? 75 Christianity and Universality, ...... 108 An Act as to holding Real Estate, . . . . 117 A Mason "At Sight," 126 The Sixth Avenue, New York City, Property Purchase, 142 Invasion of the Jurisdiction by France, .... 145 The Corner-Stone of Masonic Hall laid, . . - . 151 Grand Masonic Bodies in Europe, etc., .... 161 Franco-German "War, 170 The Burning of Chicago, 173 At Home. — An Act to incorporate the Trustees, . . 181 Lodges to take and hold Property, 186 The Constitution of 1873, 189 A Cuban Masonic Excitement, ..... 232 The Dedication of the Temple, 237 Privileged Membership, ....... 245 Webotuck Lodge and the Grand Lodge of Connecticut, 253 The Centennial of the Nation, 261 The New Trustees.— An Act, . ' . . . . 277 Dues of an Unaffiliate, ....... 291 VI CONTENTS OP VOLUME IV. Quebec and Scotland, 304 The German Masonic Temple, . , . • • 312 Laying the Corner-Stone of the Egyptian Obelisk, . 325 The Masonic Centennial Celebration, .... 334 Shakespeare Lodge and the Pennsylvania Interdict, . 344 New York and Illinois in Friendly Conflict, . . . 348 The Board of Eelief, 351 The Grand Lodges. — England and New York, . . 365 Giuseppe Garibaldi, 369 The "Work and Lectures examined, . . . - .379 The Destruction of the Temple, 384 The Statue of Liberty, 394 The Society Veritas, 399 An Act concerning Trustees, ...... 419 Insecure Lodge-Rooms, 426 Grand Master Lawrence and the Temple Debt, . . 432 The Jubilee, 442 The Ladies' Masonic Pair, ...... 446 Masonic Antiquities, ....... 457 England and Quebec, . . . . . . .461 Unmasonic Publications, ...... 465 New York and New Jersey. — The Lemm Incident, . . 483 The Masonic Shelter, 493 An Act creating Seven Trustees, . . . • . . 503 The Dedication of the Home. — Its Eules, . . . 516 Masonry in Mexico, 544 The Masonic Code, 553 List of Lodges. — Location. — District, .... 565 Grand Lodges. — Representatives. — Statistics, . . 581 Index of Biographical Sketches, etc., of the Four Volumes, 591 ILLUSTRATIONS IN FOURTH VOLUME. 10. 11. 13. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Rev. William Walter, First Grand Master of New York, 1781-83, . . The Masonic Home, Utica, ... R. R. Livingston, Grand Master, 1784-1800, John Jacob Astor, Grand Treasurer, 1798-1800, Jacob Morton, Grand Master, 1801-05, DeWitt Clinton, Grand Master, 1806-19, Daniel D. Tompkins, Grand Master, 1820-21, Stephen Van Rensselaer, Grand Master, 1825-29, . Morgan Lewis, Grand Master, 1830-43, Robert D. Holmes, Grand Master, 1865-66, Robert Macoy, Deputy Grand Master, 1856-67, . Stephen H. Johnson, Grand Master, 1867, James Gibson, Grand Master, 1868-69 Christopher G. Pox, Grand Master, 1872-73, . Ellwood B. Thorne, Grand Master, 1874-75, James W. IIusted, Grand Master, 1876, Joseph J. Couch, Grand Master, 1877, Edmund L. Jud'son, Grand Master, 1878, . Charles Roojie, Grand Master, 1879, Jesse B. Anthony, Grand Master, 1880, John Boyd, Grand Treasurer, 1880-86, Horace S. Taylor, Grand Master, 1881, . Edward M. L. Ehlers, Grand Secretary, 1882-. Benjamin Flagler, Grand Master, 1882, . J. Edward Simmons, Grand Master, 1883, . icce Pacing 1 16 34 53 62 71 86 53 98 124 98 133 177 233 272 288 301 306 323 324 350 359 362 389 vm ILLUSTRATIONS IN FOURTH VOLUME. PAGE 26. William A. Beodie, Geand Master, 1884, . . Facing 407 27. John Hodge, Deputy Geand Master, 1893-, . . " 429 28. Washington B. Connor, Grand Treasueee, 1887-88, . " 454 29. John W. Vrooman, Geand Master, 1889-90, . . "490 30. John J. Gorman, Geand Treasuree, 1889- ... " 492 31. William Sherer, Grand Master, 1891, . . " 510 32. James Ten Eyck, Grand Master, 1892, . . . "533 33. Frederick A. Buenham, Grand Master, 1893-, . " 547 34. William A. Sutherland, Senior Grand Warden, 1893-, " 549 35. Chakles E. Ide, Junior Grand Waeden, 1893-, . . "550 36. a T. McClenachan, Historian, 1887-. ... " 552 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN NEW YORK. THE GRAND LODGE, FROM THE TIME OF GRANTING THE 'WAR- RANT IN 1781 TO THE PRESENT DAY, EXCLUSIVE OF AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF INDIVIDUAL LODGES SO FAR AS PRACTICABLE. CHAPTER IX. 1861-1870. 1861. REGULATIONS AND RESOLUTIONS IN FORCE IN 1861. • Before proceeding with the historical facts' and narrative of Masonry in New York State, and that those interested in the constitutional status of the Grand Lodge might have ready access to the fundamental law as it stood at the close of the last schism Avhich it is hoped will ever disturb the unity and harmony of the representative central power of this State, it was deemed judicious to close Chapter VIII. by quoting the constitutional law as it stood in 1860. In conformity with the same idea, and that a new era of suc- cessful progress might be marked by a thorough under- standing of the internal local regulations as denned by Resolutions, we herein present the same. VOL. IV. — 1 2 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY RESOLUTIONS DULY COLLATED AND IN FOECE IN 1861. Brother Finlay M. King, Chairman of 'a Committee ap- pointed to collate all resolutions in force which had been adopted between the years 1S25 and 1855, made a report in 1856, stating that the Committee could only procure the Transactions of the Grand Lodge for the years 1843, 1845, and those succeeding to the year 1856. The Committee was continued, and reported in 1857 a further surprise, that the repealing clause of the Constitution of 1845 annulled the former written Constitution, and all general regulations and resolutions operating as such, which were not embraced in the Constitution of 1845 ; it was, therefore, unnecessary to collate any laws, regulations, or resolutions anterior to that year. The most prominent of these regulations were the provisions of the Compact of 1827, which, except those portions re-introduced in the Constitution of 1S45, had been entirely repealed and abrogated. Those resolutions adopted between the years 1845 and 1854, twenty-five in number, were binding for one year only, unless adopted at a second Annual Communication ; and of the subjoined reso- lutions, No. 17 was the only one so adopted. All these resolutions, however, as compiled, were re-adopted in 185 7. It is quite possible that if the clause repealing the Com- pact of 1827 had been pointed out in the Grand Lodge in 1849, the difficulties of that year would have taken a happier turn. The new Constitutions made all resolutions adopted once, effective and binding until repealed. At the expense of space, it is deemed important to present the following standing resolutions, which were Adopted in 184S. 1. Resolved, That it is inexpedient for this Grand Lodge to adopt any regulation to compel Masons who are not mem- bers of any Grand Lodge to pay a tax for the support of the institution, or to require such Masons to unite with IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 3 Lodges, contrary to their inclination, or against the dictates of their own judgment. 2. Resohed, That the Committee on Foreign Correspond- ence be authorized to hold Foreign Correspondence. Adapted in 1849. 3. Resolved, That when the forfeited Charter of a Lodge is revived, it is not to be considered as a new Lodge ; and former initiates and members have the privilege of rejoin- ing, on vote of the Lodge, without paying the Grand Lodge fees, as is provided in Article 20 of the Constitution. Adopted in 1850. 4. Resolved, That every Lodge making its returns and paying its dues, or remitting moneys to the Grand Secre- tary, for any purpose whatever, transmit, at the same time, a duplicate statement of the amount so sent or paid, to the Grand Treasurer; and that the Grand Treasurer keep a true and faithful record of the same, for the use and benefit of the Grand Stewards' Lodge and Grand Lodge. 5. Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended to the Lodges, to guard against loss from fire, to effect a reason- able insurance upon their property ; and that in future this Grand Lodge will extend no relief to Lodges not so insured, except under very peculiar circumstances. 6. Resolved, That for the future, and until otherwise or- dered, the officers of Lodges subordinate to this Grand Lodge be instructed, in all cases in which visitors residing within this State apply to visit such Lodges, to put to such visitors the question, whether they acknowledge the authority of this Grand Lodge ; and, if answered in the negative, that such persons be excluded from visiting such Lodges. Adopted in 1851. 7. Resolved, That it be the decision of this Grand Lodge, that no Subordinate Lodge can, in any case, make a Mason 4 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY of any person residing within the proper bounds or jurisdic- tion of any other Subordinate Lodge (the location of the candidate, and circumstances of the case being duly consid- ered), without a dereliction from Masonic usage, and proper courtesy due to their brethren, until the initiating Lodge shall receive, officially certified, the consent and approbation of the sister Lodge, and the same be entered upon the records. 8. Resolved, That, in the opinion of this Grand Lodge, no Supreme Council, or Consistory of the Ancient or Scottish Kite, has any authority or power over the first three de- grees, or any right to issue Charters to establish Lodges for those degrees, and that the act of doing so ought to be repu- diated and discountenanced by all regular Masons. 9. Resolved, 1st. That those provisions in the by-laws of Lodges, compelling their members to contribute to charitable relief, are at variance with the principles of our Order. 2d. That such by-laws, if any there may be among our Lodges, should be abandoned, and other voluntary associations, if desirable, be raised to obtain the same objects ; at least, no Lodge shall suspend any brother from the rights and privi- leges of Masonry for non-payment of such dues. Adopted in 1852. 10. Resolved, That the Grand Secretary be directed to pre- pare a tabular statement of the contents of the Lodge re- turns, at least so far as to exhibit the number of members and the yearly amount of work performed, and publish the same, with the transactions of the Grand Lodge. 11. Resolved, That such Lodges whose warrants were for- feited for acts arising out of the difficulties of 1849, not yet surrendered to the Grand Lodge, unless surrendered within thirty days, shall be, and are hereby, declared forever an- nulled, and incapable of being revived. Rescinded in 1857. 12. Resolved, That the Grand Secretary be directed to pro- cure the publication of blank certificates, on paper of firm texture, for widows and orphans of deceased brethren, in IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 5 pursuance of the eleventh resolution appended to the report of the Committee on Foreign Correspondence of 1851 ; and that he transmit them to the several Lodges, in the same manner that other blanks are distributed. 13. Resolved, That no person who has been expelled by this Grand Lodge, at an annual meeting, shall be restored, except at an annual meeting of the same. 14. Resolved, That the Grand Lodge do hereby adopt the Masonic Manual, compiled, arranged, and published by Eight "Worshipful Bro. Macoy, as, in its opinion, a correct guide to the Ritual of the degrees conferred under its juris- diction, and do recommend each Lodge in the State to possess themselves of this work, and to follow it in the work in the Lodges. 15. Resolved, That there be appointed, as heretofore, a Standing Committee of Finances, to whom shall be referred all questions for the appropriation of money ; and no money shall be appropriated from the treasury of this Grand Lodge, unless reported from said Committee, except claims of char- ity, and such claims as shall be referred to, or may belong to, the Grand Stewards' Lodge. 16. Resolved, That in the opinion of this Grand Lodge, the constitutional provisions will be best sustained by Lodges requiring a candidate for initiation to be an actual resident in the immediate vicinity of the Lodge to which he applies, for at least four months before his application, " the same applying only to citizens of this State." Adopted in, 1853. 17. Resolved, That no Lodge under the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, shall initiate, pass, or raise any candidate from another jurisdiction, until he has been a resident within this State for twelve months, without the recommendation of the Lodge or Grand Lodge within whose jurisdiction he last previously resided ; provided that this rule shall not be construed to apply to applications from seafaring or mili- tary men. 6 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY 18. Resolved, That the representatives of the Grand Lodge of New York be fraternally and respectfully requested to de- tail, in their annual reports or communications to this Grand Lodge, in such form as they may deem proper, all such mat- ters and particulars in the movements of the jurisdiction or Grand Lodge at which they are accredited, as shall be of interest to this Grand Lodge, or to the Fraternity in gen- eral. 19. Resolved, That it be recommended to every Subordinate Lodge, under the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, to keep a visitor's book, in which they shall require every visitor to sign his name, the Lodge and locality whence he hails, and the date of his visit ; such particulars to be taken before the visitor shall enter the Lodge room. 20. Resolved, That we regard the fact of the establishment of Lodges, to confer any degrees of Masonry (under whatever rite they may claim), by any Masonic authority other than this Grand Lodge, upon any person who is not a Master Mason, as an invasion of the rights and privileges of this Grand Lodge, and, as such, it shall be sternly rebuked and resisted, as this Grand Lodge has, of undoubted right, sole, original, and exclusive jurisdiction over those degrees in this State. 21. Resolved, That any Lodge in this jurisdiction which shall hold its meetings in the same room with any Lodge of irregular and clandestine Masons, subjects itself to the disciplinary action of this Grand Lodge, such acts being strictly forbidden. 22. Resolved, That a Business Committee be appointed, at the commencement of each annual session of this Grand Lodge, whose duty it shall be to arrange and present subjects for the action of the body, in order that all important business may be considered and acted upon in the early part of the session ; and it is hereby ordered, that no member of this Grand Lodge shall receive pay for his attendance at any subsequent session, unless he remain till the close of the session, or shall have been excused by the unanimous vote of all the members present. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 7 Adopted in 1854. 23. Resolved, That there should be but one Grand Lodge in the State of New York, to continue, as it is, the representative and head of the whole Masonic Fraternity in the State ; and that, therefore, a division of the jurisdiction is inexpedient. 24. Resolved, That the use of profane language is declared by this Grand Lodge to be grossly unmasonic, and highly injurious to the character of Freemasonry ; and any Mason using such language is liable to the disciplinary laws of the Craft. 25. Resolved, That it is incompetent for the Master of a Lodge to take its warrant, and open, in conjunction with another Lodge, for the purpose of conferring degrees, with- out first summoning the Lodge, that each member may have due and timely notice. (RESOLUTIONS FROM 25 TO 33 EELATE TO FEDERATION OP GRAND LODGES.) Adopted in 1855. 33. Resolmed, That it is a violation of a Landmark to make a Mason of one who has the disability of lameness, occa- sioned by a shortened and crooked limb. 34. Resolved, That the first five Grand Officers be a Stand- ing Committee, and styled "Library Committee," whose duty it shall be to organize and commence the formation of a Grand Lodge Library. That they be empowered to draw on the Grand Treasurer for a sum not exceeding $500, for the ensuing year, for the selection and purchase of such books, in their view, most desirable and useful for the pur- pose designed, and for other necessary expenses. 35. Resolved, That such of the Subordinate Lodges in the jurisdiction as are in a financial condition to do so (this being left to their own judgment), are hereby recommended to appropriate an annual sum for the purchase of Masonic books and periodicals, and the establishment of a Lodge library for the use of their members. 8 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 36. Resolved, That the Grand Lodge hereby discourages the Subordinate Lodges from affording relief, as a mere matter of convenience, to traveling brethren. 37. Resohed, That all Subordinate Lodges be forbidden the giving of Masonic relief to any who shall not, to the satisfaction of such Lodge, have proved themselves regu- larly affiliated Masons. 38. Resolved, That the Lodges of this jurisdiction be, and they are hereby, directed to exercise prudence and vigilance in the examination of all visitors, so that none be admitted unless, in addition to the requisites prescribed by the laws of the Grand Lodge and the usages of the Fraternity, they also acknowledge the authority of, and promise to pay obedience to, this or some other Grand Lodge which is recognized as regular by the Grand Lodge of New York. 39. Resolved, That no Subordinate Lodge under the juris- diction of this Grand Lodge shall hereafter recommend a petition for a Dispensation, until such Lodge shall satisfy itself, first, of the good Masonic standing of the petitioners ; and, secondly, that a sufficient number of the petitioners are Masonically competent to undertake the government of a Lodge ; and, for this purpose, said recommending Lodge shall cause one or more of the petitioners to come before it, and, in open Lodge, satisfactorily exemplify the work and lectures in the first three degrees of Masonry. 40. Resolved, That any Lodge under the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, which shall permit the first degree in Masonry to be conferred before the candidate has paid the amount required by the Constitution for the first three degrees (viz., fifteen dollars), violates the letter and spirit of the Constitu- tion of the Grand Lodge ; and any Lodge that in any way or manner compromises that part of the Constitution, sub- jects itself to a forfeiture of its Charter. 41. Resolved, That in every town or city, except New York and Brooklyn, where there is more than one Subordinate Lodge, it shall be the duty of the Secretary of every such Lodge to furnish all other Lodges in the place the names of those who petition such Lodge for the degrees of Masonry, IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 9 so that the other Lodges shall receive such notice at their next Communication ; and also give notice of all rejections as soon as they occur. 42. Resolved, That the evidence that the Eevised and Amended Constitution, and every part and section thereof, has been rightfully and constitutionally approved, assented to, and adopted ; and the sanction and affirmative vote of the Grand Lodge, and of a majority of the Subordinate Lodges, given thereto, heretofore, as required by the former Consti- tution, is full, ample, and sufficient, as appears by the cer- tificate hereinafter mentioned, and the proof upon which said certificate was founded, and other evidence in possession of this Grand Lodge. 43. Resolved, That the following certificate of the adoption of said Constitution by the Subordinate Lodges, 149 of which voted in the affirmative, and 19 of which voted in the nega- tive, be spread upon the record ; and to avoid all dispute, the said Constitution, General Eegulations, By-laws, Rules of Order, and Ancient Charges, are hereby adopted by this Grand Lodge, as passed at the last Annual Communication, and the Grand Lodge do hereby give their affirmative vote thereto, and to every part thereof. Adopted in 1856. 44. Resolved, That a Committee of one be appointed by the Grand Master, to compile and write a history of Masonry in New York ; and said Committee is hereby authorized to hold correspondence, with a view to collect the materials for said history, whether the same be found in this or foreign countries. 45. Rescinded in 1859. 46. Resolved, That the Committee appointed under resolu- tion No. 44 be authorized to draw upon the Grand Treas- urer for the necessary expenses attending the collection of materials for said history, not to exceed the sum of twenty- five dollars in any year ; and he shall report his progress in the work at the next Annual Communication, and as often at other times as practicable. 10 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 47. Resolved, That it is the right of the accused, on all trials, to be present at the time the testimony of witnesses is given against him; and that no Commissioners can re- fuse it 'without the violation of a rule of Masonic jurispru- dence. 48. Resolved, That the Constitution of this Grand Lodge does not confer upon the Most Worshipful Grand Master the power to grant Dispensations to hold new elections for Wardens of Subordinate Lodges. 49. Resolved, That the Committee appointed by the Grand Lodge, at its Communication in June, 1855, for the purpose of founding a Grand Lodge library, be continued. 50. Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended by this Grand Lodge, to all the Subordinate Lodges within its juris- diction, to adopt such measures as they may deem most expedient and effective to found and encourage Libraries for the use and instruction of the members. 51. Resolved, That no Dispensation or action of this Grand Lodge can alter or disturb the principle contained in subdi- vision 9, of section 8, of the Constitution, it being an Ancient Landmark, the violation of which subjects the offender to the penalties of Masonic law. 52. Resolved, That the true meaning of the words, " Past Grand Officers," in section 90 of the Constitution, is, that it refers to and embraces only Past Grand Masters, Past Deputy Grand Masters, Past Grand Wardens, Past Grand Treasurers, and Past Grand Secretaries, and no others, who may have held office in the Grand Lodge. 53. Resolved, That the word majority, in title 4, section 17, of the Constitution of the Grand Lodge, shall be deemed to include all the members of said Lodge, so far as to reduce the minority below the constitutional number of seven required to constitute a new Lodge. Adopted in 1857. 54. Resolved, That the following resolution, to wit : " Re- solved, That such Lodges whose warrants were forfeited for IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. H acts arising out of the difficulties of 1849, not yet surren- dered to the Grand Lodge, unless surrendered within thirty days, shall be, and hereby are, forever annulled, and incap- able of being revived," found on page 56, Proceedings of 1852, be, and the same is hereby, rescinded. 55. Resolved, That before a candidate in a Subordinate Lodge advances from one degree to a higher degree, the "Worshipful Master of the Lodge shall be satisfied that the candidate has made suitable proficiency in the preceding degree. 56. Resolved, That the first three officers named in a peti- tion for a Dispensation shall appear before the Lodge, whose recommendation is constitutionally necessary, and exhibit their work in the three degrees ; and if, in the judgment of said Lodge, said officers are competent to confer the degrees and impart the lectures, the said Lodge may recommend the said petitioners for a Dispensation, and not otherwise. Adopted m 1858. 57. Resolved, That the Lodges and Masons of this jurisdic- tion are hereby forbidden to permit the visitation of, or to hold any Masonic intercourse with, the following bodies and the members thereof in New Orleans, viz. : St. Andrew's Lodge, No. 5 ; Perseverance Lodge, No. 4 ; and Polar Star Lodge, No. 1 ; provided that this resolution shall not apply to the Lodge known as Polar Star Lodge, No. 1, organized by the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, at its session in February, 1858. 58. Resolved, That while this Grand Lodge expressly declares that Past Masters, as such, have no inherent rights to membership in this Grand Lodge, and affirms its action in 1849 on this subject, it now deems it expedient, circum- stances having greatly changed since that period, to admit, as its members, Past Masters who were such on the 31st of December, 1849. 59. Resolved, That the amendment now under considera- tion contemplates such Past Masters only as were such 12 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY 31st December, 1849, and are or may become members of Subordinate Lodges acknowledging the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, of which the Most "Worshipful John L. Lewis, Jr., is at present Grand Master. 60. Resolved, That the Most Worshipful Grand Master transmit a circular to each of the several Lodges in this juris- diction, requiring a history of all matters of general Masonic interest connected with each Lodge, and with the locality in which such Lodge is situated ; such matters to be arranged in such manner as the Grand Master shall direct, and to be transmitted to the Grand Secretary prior to the next Annual Communication. 61. Resolved, That the State be divided into Lecture Dis- tricts, comprising the several Senatorial Districts, and that the Grand Lecturer be instructed to call conventions, consist- ing of one or more representatives from each Lodge in such district, for the purpose of imparting the work and lectures, and that it is hereby declared to be the duty of every Lodge to be represented in said convention. 62. Resolved, That a member who has been stricken from the roll does not have to pay any dues during the time of his suspension, until he is restored. 63. Resolved, That all Grand Officers who reside in the city of New York, receive the same compensation as is paid to representatives within said city. Adopted in 1859. 64. Resolved, That the report of the Committee on For- eign Correspondence be written and handed over to the Grand Secretary, by its author, each year, at least ten days before the commencement of the Annual Communi- cation. 65. Resolved, That the Grand Master be requested to return to the Grand Lodge, at each Annual Communi- cation, a synopsis of the decisions made by him on ques- tions of Masonic law during the previous year. IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 13 66. Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign Corre- spondence be instructed to draw up a circular letter to the Grand Lodges and Grand Orients of Europe and America) respecting the unwarranted course pursued by the Grand Lodge of Hamburg, in seeking to produce discord in this jurisdiction and among the Grand Lodges of the world, and fraternally soliciting such action thereupon as the exigen- cies of the case require ; and after its submission to, and approval by, the Grand Master, that it be then forwarded to such Grand Lodges and Grand Orients. 67. Resolved, That the Grand Lodge of New York re- gards with painful emotions the attempt being made by the Grand Lodge of Hamburg herself to recognize, and to induce the other Grand Lodges of Europe to recognize, bodies of colored men in the United States as Masonic Lodges and Grand Lodges, when it is a notorious fact that no legal organization of the kind exists in the American Union ; and that the adoption of any measures tending to this end by any Grand Lodge whatever, must be regarded by this Grand Lodge as the evidence of a desire on the part of the body thus acting to cease all Masonic intercourse with the Grand Lodges of the United States and their constituents. 68. Resolved, That the Eight "Worshipful Grand Secretary be required to procure suitable books for the use of the Grand Master and the Deputy Grand Master, in which shall be recorded, from time to time, all orders, decrees, and deci- sions made by them during their terms of office ; the same to be preserved in the archives of this Grand Lodge, and transmitted to their successors in office. 69. Resolved, That the Grand Lodge shall hereafter ap- propriate all the receipts for Grand Lodge registry fees and Grand Lodge certificates to the Hall and Asylum Fund, and that it is expedient and proper that this Grand Lodge should, from year to year, appropriate such sums from the surplus in the treasury as, in the judgment of a majority, and in view of its fiscal condition, may be warranted for the purpose of increasing said fund. 14 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 70. Besolved, That this Grand Lodge recommends to its Subordinates that, at their semi-annual festivals, a volun- tary collection should be made for this special object. 71. BesoUed, That an annual ball, under the auspices of this Most Worshipful Grand Lodge, should be continued to be held on or about the 14th of February, as heretofore, in each year, the proceeds thereof to be appropriated to this purpose. 72. Besolved, That the trustees of the said fund should immediately proceed to invest, in some safe and proper manner, and for as high a rate of interest as can be obtained, all the surplus funds now under their control which have been devoted to this object. 73. Besolved, That all sums raised by Subordinate Lodges under the recommendations of these resolutions, be paid to the Eight "Worshipful Grand Secretary, who shall keep a separate account thereof ; such moneys to be paid, and a separate account thereof transmitted, at the time of the pay- ment or forwarding of the annual Grand Lodge dues of each Lodge ; and that such funds shall, when received, be paid over by the Eight Worshipful Grand Secretary to the trus- tees of said fund. 74. Besolved, That a subscription list for this object should be kept in the Eight Worshipful Grand Secretary's office, and in each Lodge during its working, and in a conspicuous place, to the end that all such as may desire to contribute in cash may have the opportunity of so doing. 75. Besolved, That we hail with sincere gratification the recognition of the Grand Lodge of Canada as an independ- ent body by the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Eng- land. 76. Besolved, That we heartily confirm the action of our Grand Officers in the recognition of the Grand Lodge of Canada, agreeably to the trust reposed in them by a reso- lution of this Grand Lodge at its last Annual Communica- tion, and that we cheerfully extend to our brethren there, the right hand of fellowship and our most cordial fraternal greeting. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 15 Adopted in 1860. 77. Resolved, That it is irregular to install a Master elect over a Subordinate Lodge previous to his being put in pos- session of the secrets of the Chair. 78. Resolved, That the Grand Secretary cause to be pre- pared a Masonic map of the State, marking the boundaries of the various Masonic districts, the location of Lodges, and such other particulars as may seem proper for the use of the Grand Lodge. 79. Resolved, That any Lodge subordinate to, and within the jurisdiction of, this Grand Lodge, who shall hereafter initiate, pass, or raise any person residing within the juris- diction of any other Grand Lodge, shall, for such offense, forfeit its Charter, provided it shall be made to appear that such Lodge has acted with a knowledge of the fact that the person so initiated belongs to such other jurisdiction, and unless permission to do so shall first be obtained from such jurisdiction. 80. Resolved, That a General Eegulation be adopted, creating an office to be known as Assistant Grand Secre- tary, etc. This resolution was annulled and the office abol- ished in 1861. THE HARMONIOUS MASONIC GATHERING OF 1861. The Annual Communication of the Grand 'Lodge was opened at its room, No. 410 Broadway, New York City, at 2 p.m., June 4, by John W. Simons, Grand Master, with all the Grand Officers present, except Gustavus A. Scroggs, Grand Marshal, whose place was temporarily filled by Frederick "W. Herring ; there were also present, twelve of the eighteen District Deputy Grand Masters, seven Past Grand Masters, two Past Deputy Grand Masters, one Past Senior Grand "Warden, three Past Junior Grand Wardens, three Past Grand Secretaries, two Past Grand Treasurers, and twenty-two Eepresentatives of Grand Bodies. 16 HISTORY QF FREEMASONRY Out of 518- Lodges, 410 answered through their Masters, other Officers, or Proxies. This very large assemblage of Masons, greater than any that had ever before met in the State for local legislation, had come together a united, harmonious Body, in strange contrast with the deplorable, humiliating, and inharmonious gathering of THE NATIONAL POLITICAL KEPRESENTATIVES AT WASHINGTON. The Grand Master referred to "our people arrayed in hostile camps, attracting the attention of civilized humanity. Amid the storms of passions by which society has been convulsed to its utmost depths, Masonry has stood calm and dispassionate, pursuing, with measured and unfaltering step, the mission set apart unto her, and closing the avenues of her temples from the very echo of discord and strife. While, as citizens, her disciples have entertained and acted upon differing opinions, as Masons they have exemplified the teachings of the Craft by a steady adherence to its principles." MASONEY AND THE CIVIL WAR. Under the same natural impulses that had stirred the Masonic Fraternity in other strifes in other lands, the breth- ren who had pledged their lives and sacred honor to the maintenance of the integrity of the Union of the States, sought for an authority to legally assemble in the military field, or wherever located, to practice the art of Masonry. Applications for Dispensations for the formation of military Lodges in various regiments were pressed upon the Grand Master of New York ; by him they were necessarily refused under the 19th section of the Constitution; and at the June Communication of 1861, the Grand Lodge addressed itself to the consideration of the subject. Eefore action was taken, many communications had been received by the Grand Master from individuals, conventions, and Grand Lodges of the South. One of the strongest and '777ty/>A GRAND MASTER, 1784.1800. IN THE STATE' OP NEW YORK. 17 most pressing appealed for the intervention of the Masons of the North to stay the impending strife. We will quote one received from the Grand Lodge of Tennessee, dated in May, 1861, signed by the Commanding Officers of the Grand Lodge, Grand Chapter, Grand Commandery, Officers and Past Officers of the Scottish Eite, etc., and was as follows : " M. W. Sir and Brother, — In addressing you this commu- nication, we are sure no apology need be offered. The unhappy circumstances under which our country is now laboring are such as to arouse the deepest feelings of every heart. But recently occupying a position of proud pre-emi- nence among the nations of the earth, the hope of the lovers of civil and religious freedom, we find her now apparently upon the verge of a conflict of arms, that, unless speedily arrested, will form a dark and bloody epoch in the history of the human race. From the contemplation of the horrible spectacle of State arrayed against State, friend against friend, and even brother against brother, we shudderingly look around for some means of escape from the dire calamity that seems so certainly impending over us as a people. With deep mortification, and sorrow, and dread, we look into the dark gulf of human passion-; we see its billows heaving with fearful excitement, and, horrified by the sight, we instinct- ively raise our feeble arms, and, in hopelessness of spirit, exclaim, -Great God, is there no help in this time of need? Who may stay the wrath of the whirlwind ? For the causes that have led to the unparalleled spectacle now presented to the world, it is no province of ours to inquire. That wrongs have been committed by both parties to the dreadful combat that seems to be so rapidly ap- proaching, we are not called upon to admit or to deny. The causes and the wrongs will be fully judged by the future historian ; and when this page of impartial history is written — the dark record of a nation torn by contending factions, rent asunder by animosities engendered by fierce conflicts and the rage of battle, precious lives destroyed, VOL. IV. — 2 18 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY with ruined cities and devastated firesides — tears of bitter anguish will fall upon the leaf of a nation's disgrace, and, if possible, blot it out forever. While it is no part of our duty to investigate the causes that have produced the present state of antagonisms in polit- ical affairs, neither is it our province to suggest a remedy. But as Masons — as members of a common brotherhood, as brethren bound together by fraternal ties that are not broken save by the hand of death — we can safely appeal for a cessation of the unnatural strife that is now raging around us, and whose surging billows threaten to over- whelm all in a common destruction. We therefore con- fidently appeal to the five hundred thousand Masons of our land to step forward, and, pouring the oil of peace upon the troubled waters of civil war, roll back the raging tide, and, in one united demand, make their voices heard in arresting the terrible havocs of fraternal strife. Is it possi- ble, that, in this enlightened age — this age of Christian progress, of advancement in all the arts and sciences of civilized life — there is none to step forward whose voice shall be sufficiently potent to stay the madness of the hour, and compel a peaceful solution of the issues now presented for the consideration of a people whose freedom has been the pride and boast of an admiring world ? Shall the alter- native be presented, of section arrayed against section? Shall we be compelled, both North and South, to listen to the tread of armed legions, whose swords are even now ready to leap from their scabbards for the purpose of being bathed in the blood of those who should, by every tie of interest and consanguinity, be linked together in bonds stronger than those forged of brass and steel ? And when the contest is ended— as end it must — what will be gained by the victors ? What mind will be able to count the cost of thousands upon thousands of precious lives sacrificed in the horrible contest ; the cries of widows and orphans ris- ing night and morn to heaven ; mothers weeping in bitter anguish over the dead bodies of loved ones laid in the dust by the hands of a merciless destroyer ; blackened ruins of IN THE STATE QP NEW YORK. 19 once happy homes; devastated fields, where once peace smiled upon the industrious husbandman ; the helplessness of childhood, even, affording no barriers to the destructive march of contending armies? And then, end as it may, the victory will be attained at a sacrifice of human life that will cause the stoutest heart to tremble in deepest anguish. Let the battle once commence, and who may live to see its termination ? Considering all these things — the blessings of peace and the horrors of domestic war — is there no appeal that can be effectual for peace? Will you not add your earnest efforts for a peaceful solution and settlement of all the ques- tions now agitating the minds of the people of every sec- tion ? We appeal to you, and through you to the thousands of Masons in your jurisdiction, to stop the effusion of blood while yet they may. We make no suggestions as to how this shall be accomplished. As Masons we make no deci- sion as to who is right or wrong, or as to the proper course to be pursued for securing the object we have so deeply at heart. Restore peace to our unhappy country, and surely Heaven will bless every faithful effort toward its accom- plishment. But if all efforts fail, if every appeal for peace shall be thrust aside, if the sword must still be the last resort, and accepted as the final arbiter, we beseech the brethren en- gaged in the awful contest to remember that a fallen foe is still a brother, and as such is entitled to warmest sym- pathies and kindliest attentions. If war can not be averted or turned aside, let every brother use his utmost endeavors, and, as far as lies in his power, rob it of some of its horrors. While each is true to his sense of public and patriotic duty, on whichever side he may be arrayed, we earnestly urge that he shall also be true to those high and holy teachings inculcated by our Order. Praying that God, in his infinite mercy, may yet incline the hearts of his people to ways of peace and paths of pleasantness, and that he may dissipate and disperse the storm-cloud of destruction which seems to hang so fearfully 20 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY above us, we subscribe ourselves, faithfully and fraternally in the bonds of Masonry. James McCallum, K. T., M. "W. G. M. of Grand Lodge ; John F. Slovee, K. W. D. G. M. of Grand Lodge ; Lucius J. Polk, K T., E. E. G. C. of G. Commandery ; Thomas McCulloch, K. T., P. G. M. of Grand Lodge, Aech. M. Hughes, K. T., P. G. M. of Grand Lodge, P. G. H. P. of Grand Chapter ; Chas. A. Fuller, K. T., 32°, P. G. M. of Grand Lodge, P. G. H. P. of G. Chapter, P. G. C. of G. Commandery ; John McClelland, K. T., 32°, W. M. of Cumberland Lodge, No. 8." In relation thereto the Standing Committee on the Condi- tion of Masonry, of which Most "Worshipful John L. Lewis, Jr., was Chairman, reported on the 6th of June, 1861, that they were deeply impressed with the importance of the topics embraced in the Memorial, and that they " did not doubt that the appeal would have a salutary and abiding effect; but, in the judgment of the Committee, we could not suggest an inquiry into an appropriate mode of action without discussing political questions and affairs of civil government, with which it is not our province, as Masons, to interfere. Our brethren of Tennessee may be assured that it is not from want of courtesy to them, but attach- ment to Masonic principle, which constrains us to ask that we be discharged from the further consideration of the sub- ject; Avhile we hope that its earnest, fraternal language may not only influence us but all our brethren." Traveling Lodges connected with military organizations formed for active service, met with a constitutional question, Avhich was obviated by limiting the reception of petitions of candidates to the members of the particular military organization to which the Lodge was attached ; accordingly the following was adopted : IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 21 ." ResoVoed, That the Grand Master be authorized to issue letters of Dispensation for the formation of traveling Lodges, on conditions not conflicting with the above report, and under such restrictions and limitations, jurisdictional and otherwise, as may seem to him necessary to conduce to the best interests of the Craft." SCOTT MILITARY LODGE. From the transactions of the Grand Lodge it appears that Scott Military Lodge had refunded to its petitioners the sum of forty dollars ; that twenty dollars were appropriated to furnish them with linen aprons, and that a set of jewels belonging to the Grand Lodge were presented to the Lodge. On the following day, however, all Dispensations for mili- tary Lodges were placed on the same footing as to refund- ing fees for Dispensations, regalia, etc. Within the ensuing year the following eight Military Lodges were given dispensations : Scott, in Excelsior Brigade. National Zouaves, in 10th Regiment N. T. Volunteers. New York Military, in 28th Regiment 1ST. Y. S. Militia. American Union, in 21st Regiment N. Y. Volunteers. Scott Life Guard, in 38th Regiment N. Y. Volunteers. Robert Anderson, in Anderson Zouaves Regiment. Niagara Military, in 28th Regiment N. Y. Volunteers. Patriot, in 76th .Regiment N. Y. Volunteers. Also, Engineer Lodge, attached to General Sherman's Division of the Army, was granted a Dispensation in 1862. The Dispensations to the military Lodges in the 10th, 28th, and 76th Regiments of New York State Volunteers, were renewed by the Grand Master in 1862. In 1863 a Committee of nine recommended that the Dis- pensations of all such military Lodges as may desire it shall be continued by the Most "Worshipful Grand Master in his 22 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY discretion, on proper application being made, and also that -all the members in good standing of such military Lodges as shall surrender their Dispensations may receive a cer- tificate of good standing from the Eight Worshipful Grand Secretary, on payment to him of the same fee as is paid to that official on granting a Grand Lodge certificate of mem- bership. In June, 1864, Grand Master Clinton F. Paige took a decisive and opposing view to granting Dispensations to Lodges, military or other, or to permit any exercise of Masonic functions outside of the State boundary, and stated in his annual address the following : " I have received several applications for the formation of military Lodges, to be attached to regiments in the field, and one to be located at the headquarters of one of the military departments in a Southern State. I have never regarded these organizations with favor, and my observa- tion of the manner in which the majority of those hereto- fore granted by us have conducted their affairs, has con- firmed me in the opinion that the objections far exceed any advantages resulting from their establishment. But aside from the question of expediency, there is an insurmountable objection in my mind in the fact, that when the military organization to which such a Lodge is attached, removes beyond the limits of our own State, an infringement of the jurisdictional rights of other Grand Lodges is inevitable and unavoidable. The right of exclusive jurisdiction within the political ter- ritory where there is a Grand Lodge already in existence is now universally recognized, and implies full authority and exclusive control over all Lodge organizations and labors of the Craft within the limits of that territory ; and I can dis- cover no principle of Masonic law nor equity that will justify us in sending one of our Lodges into another jurisdiction temporarily, that would not with equal propriety allow us to establish a Lodge permanently therein. Entertaining these views, I declined granting such Dispensations, and IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 23 submit the question to the better judgment of the Grand Lodge." This opinion brought the subject of military Lodges prominently before the Grand Lodge, which on June 9th adopted a resolution to the effect that the further establish- ment or continuance of military Lodges is inexpedient on the ground both of right and utility. WAB INCIDENTS. Brother Jackson H. Chase, Past Master of Temple Lodge, Albany, and Quartermaster of the Third Kegiment New York Volunteers, encamped at Hamilton, Yirginia, about a mile from the village of Hampton, reported to Major-General Butler, then in command, that among the buildings deserted in the village was a Masonic Hall open to depredation. The Commandant dispatched officers to look after and pro- tect the properties. The furniture, regalia, "Warrants (one dated 1Y87), tools, minutes, and other material of St. Tam- many Lodge, No. 5, of that place, were found intact. The officers took possession of everything, and placed them within the Union lines. The Grand Master of Masons of New York directed that the properties be retained in a place of safety until, under the protection of a flag of truce, they could be forwarded to the Bight "Worshipful John Dove, Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Yirginia, residing in the city of Bichmond, as the proper custodian of the Lodge properties. On another occasion, Brother John A. Ford, a veteran of the Mexican "War, residing in Petersburg, Yirginia, impru- dently expressed sympathy with the Northern troops in the contest that had taken place in the streets of Baltimore. A vigilance committee questioned him, and a mob collected; threats of the most profane and diabolical character were heaped upon him, followed by a rush of a number of the most daring to rescue him from the hands of the committee, who still stood next to him. 24 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY A number of friends near by, and. among them two or three members of the Masonic Lodge to which he belonged in Petersburg, then pressed toward him, and succeeded, in the darkness which had come on during the examination, in pulling him out of reach of the rush, into a store and alley- way in the rear, while the crowd in the street, who had lost track of him, were clamorously in search. A friend and Masonic brother accompanied him rapidly through the alley, and conducted hhn to the only place of safety which probably could have concealed him — a tomb in his family burying-ground ! "With the key he opened the vault, urged Mr. Ford in among the coffins, locked the door, and quickly disappeared. That night and the following day every place and by-place in the town was ransacked in the eager search of the mob for the victim who had so narrowly escaped their clutches. They finally concluded that he had. been spirited away, and relaxed their vigilance. Meanwhile Brother Ford remained, undisturbed, with darkness and the dead, far less feared by him than the liv- ing. History can point to few more thrilling incidents than this living entombment. Through the assistance of his Masonic brethren he finally made his escape to "Washington, after having remained fast- ing for two nights and a day alone in the burial vault. Another incident : The following preamble and resolution presents the subject : " Whereas, Edwin Cole, a private in the 71st Regiment New York Volunteers, also a member of Hope Lodge, No. 244-, was, on the 21st of July last, at the battle of Bull Bun, severely wounded and taken prisoner by the Confederate forces ; from thence, after a brief imprisonment he was re- moved to New Orleans, where, his sufferings becoming known to the Most "Worshipful J. Q.. A. Fellows, Grand Master of Masons of Louisiana, he provided him and eight other mem- bers of the Craft (fellow prisoners with Cole) with clothing, medical attendance, and every needful comfort in their hour of extremity ; IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 25 Whereas, The exhibition of this true Masonic feeling, under the embarrassing condition of our country, is in the highest degree commendable, and demands some special notice from this Grand Body : Therefore, Resolved, That the fraternal acknowledgments of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York be, and are hereby, tendered to Most Worshipful Brother Fellows, for the fra- ternal kindness and Masonic hospitality on this occasion referred to, and that it is accepted by the Grand Lodge as another evidence of the universality of Masonry, and that its tenets and inculcations are illimitable and imper- ishable." Brother Edward Lyman Bill, an editor known for leader- ship in the music trades of the country, furnishes the author with the following incident of the war : " A delegation consisting of representatives of the press of New York were invited, by John Russell Young, to view the historic field of Gettysburg, where the decisive battle of the Rebellion was fought, July 1, 2, 3, 1863. While there, we were entertained by Col. J. G. Batchelder, the govern- ment historian of Gettysburg. "We stood near the ' bloody angle,' and listened to the colonel's graphic description of Pickett's wonderful charge across the open wheat fields to the point which fixes the high-water mark of the Bebellion. The gallant Armistead led his men across the open fields, exposed to a terrible fire of artillery and musketry, reached the old stone wall, sword in hand, and said, ' Give them the cold steel, boys ! ' At this point of the narrative Colonel Batchelder paused, and, looking about him, stated, ' I can with perfect propriety relate an incident which will be of great interest to Masons. Scarcely had Armistead uttered the words quoted above, when he fell, pierced by a score of bullets. Eaising himself, he gave the grand hailing sign of a Mason in distress. Men from the Union lines, who prob- ably had shot him, rushed forward, and in their arms brought their late antagonist, dying, within their lines. The colo- nel stated that this incident had been vouched for by North- 26 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY era and Southern men who witnessed the thrilling and dramatic scene." About 1891, two members of a Lodge in Charleston, South Carolina, came North for the purpose of returning to the surviving widow a Masonic jewel found upon the body of a Northern officer, before the walls of Atlanta, during the war. In connection with the subject of military Lodges, the Grand Master in 1861 made the following decisions : Application for a Dispensation must be framed as in other cases, and be recommended by some Lodge in the State; and that there should be seven petitioners. The candidates for the degrees are limited to the particular military organ- ization with which they and the Lodge are connected, and the Lodge cannot make Masons of persons from other Grand Lodge jurisdictions without consent from the juris- diction from which they come. The locality for assembling shall be at the convenience of the Lodge. The fee for a Dispensation is forty dollars, the Grand Lodge alone having the power to remit the fee. No person can acquire a residence in the place where his military duties are being performed, if performed within New York State, until the expiration of four months from the time of his removal from the Lodge jurisdiction in which he previously resided. A habit was growing rapidly upon the Lodges of the State of making presentations to individual members be- longing to the army, of swords, sashes, and other imple- ments and insignia of war, clothing the language with expressions eminently calculated to weaken those Masonic bonds throughout the whole of these States, which it is the duty of Masons to strengthen ; the Grand Master accord- ingly interfered, requesting all Lodges to refrain from pur- suing such a course, when congregated as Masons. At the suggestion of the Grand Master of Maryland, J. N. McJilton and the Eeverend Brother Robert Piggot, IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 27 a native of the city of New York, for many years a Grand Chaplain of Pennsylvania, and then Deputy Grand Chap- lain of Maryland, were selected to offer consolation to the sick and wounded Master Masons in the hospitals in the Dis- trict of Columbia and in battle-fields near by. The Grand Lodge of New York contributed to the cause mentioned. The retarding effect of the war upon the progress of Masonry was gradually subsiding, as was evidenced by the fact, that, in the year 1863, the returns showed double the number of members had been received than in the previous year. An unusual and curious circumstance occurred incident to the war for the Union. The Grand Master of the District of Columbia, Charles F. Stansbury, received from Brother Theodore G. Palmer and nine other Masons of Alexandria, Virginia, a petition praying for a Dispensation to form a new Lodge in the city of Alexandria, Yirginia. This appli- cation was occasioned because there was no Lodge working in that city, no Charter could be found, the Lodges had been removed, and the Masons residing there had been cut off from all enjoyment of their Masonic privileges. It was also stated that the Grand Lodge of Yirginia had forbidden those working under its jurisdiction to recognize or hold Masonic intercourse with Masons who adhered to their alle- giance to the Union. The question that arose was, whether under the then condition of affairs, the Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia possessed the lawful right to invade the territory of a sister jurisdiction, and whether the existing state of things would justify that Grand Lodge in estab- lishing a new precedent, in order to afford the brethren of the loyal part of Yirginia the rights and benefits of Masonry. On the 12th of February, 1863, the subject was submitted to a committee, who reported on the 15th of the same month. In submitting the report, the Grand Master added a few observations, among which were the following : 28 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY " This Grand Lodge originally held jurisdiction over the Masons of Alexandria. It never formally resigned it, but tacitly admitted that it was transferred to the Grand Lodge of Virginia by the act of the Federal Government in retro- ceding that portion of the District of Columbia to the State of Virginia. "What, then, is it which regulates our status in regard to that portion of the District? Evidently the action of the Federal Government. The act of the Federal Government brought that territory under our jurisdiction in the first place. Its act took it away from us, and its act can restore it. The condition of that territory, Masonically, is regulated by the status accorded to it by the Federal Gov- ernment. That this has been so in the past can not be denied. Kow, the Federal Government does not acknowledge at the present time the jurisdiction of the disloyal government of Virginia over that State. On the contrary, it recognizes another government loyal to itself, and quite exceptional, irregular, and provisional in its stead. If the recognition of the Federal Government is our guide, ought we to recog- nize the jurisdiction of a disloyal Grand Lodge, any more than the Federal Government recognizes a disloyal State government ? Is, then, the Grand Lodge of Virginia loyal or disloyal ? I think there is not a member of this body who believes that she is loyal. At all events, her exercise of jurisdiction is actually and practically confined to the disloyal part of the State. If disloyal, we are not bound to respect her jurisdiction. If loyal, and her authority is suspended, by circumstances beyond her control, over a part of her juris- diction, she ought, if she has the true spirit of Masonry, to be grateful to any Grand Lodge that will step in and do her duty for her during a temporary and unavoidable disability. Such an act is really one of comity and friendship, not of aggression. I regard, then, that part of the State of Virginia which is cut off from communication with the Grand Lodge as a territory fairly open to any and all Grand Lodges, as much IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 29 so as if it had never enjoyed any Masonic privileges. Should these unhappy national differences be composed, and Vir- ginia resume her former place in this great and glorious Union, her Grand Lodge will be restored to her authority over all Lodges within her geographical limits." Sustaining these views was a letter from Past Grand Mas- ter B. B. French of the District of Columbia, using caustic language, and declaring that " no more high-handed, out- rageous, unmasonic proceeding could be had. Just as well might any Grand Lodge in America attempt to prevent Masonic intercourse with Masons in Europe, and thus deprive Freemasonry of its most social, useful, and benevolent feat- ure. Such things cannot be permitted by the great body of Freemasonry, and it is the sacred duty of the Grand Lodge of the jurisdiction of the District of Columbia, at this capital of the Union, and nearest to Yirginia, to take the initiative in rebuking so infernal a Masonic heresy." The resolution that had been introduced by Past Grand Master Whiting, to grant the Dispensation for the establish- ment of a Lodge, was carried by a vote of 27 to 12. The resolution of the Grand Lodge of Yirginia did not remain long in force ; it was repealed. But before the repeal, a major in the Southern service was wounded in Vir- ginia, captured, and taken a prisoner to "Washington. All was done for him that could be, but his life could not be saved. Finding that death was fast approaching, he sent for the Grand Master, made himself known as a Freemason, asked that his will might be drawn by a brother, and that he might be buried with Masonic honors. Every request was complied with. A Masonic clergyman ministered to him on the bed of death, and he sleeps in a Mason's grave, where he was laid with all the respect and honor that could be paid to his ashes by Masonic hands. New York, during the controversy which followed the action of the Grand Lodge of Virginia, took an opposite view from that of the Grand Body of the District of Columbia. Past Grand Master John W. Simons stated, " We would that the act of the last mentioned Grand Lodge 30 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY had not been done, but, rather that, leaving Virginia with all her errors and follies draped about her to the strong hand of the Government, Masonry had stood aloof, committing no hostile act, adding nothing to the bitterness of the hour, seeking not to make the ultimate reconciliation more diffi- cult, but, on the contrary, holding open the door by •which the returned prodigals may find their way to the places they have foolishly left. When reason again takes the place now usurped by passion ; when the just powers of the Government are again acknowledged ; when the old flag, waving, as of yore, in every part of the Union, kindles, as it should do, the patriotic ardor of every citizen, be he Yankee, Hoosier, or Southron, this Alexandria Lodge will be regarded as one of the follies of the present time, and those who wish Masonry well will wish that its remem- brance might be blotted out." The political position taken by the Unionists was, that there was no secession by a State; that it was an impossibil- ity for Virginia as a State to secede ; that it could not secede ; but that the war was against rebellious individuals. Hence the alleged action of the Grand Lodge of Virginia was not an act of the Grand Body, but the act of rebellious Masons, and that the Grand Body would be restored when the Gov- ernment subdued rebellious subjects. In 1864 it was decided by the Grand Lodge that "the right existed for a military Lodge without the jurisdiction to do or to finish the work of a Lodge within the State, when the candidate had been duly accepted or made by the last named Lodge. The leading objection to a military Lodge is, that it interferes with the material and supremacy of another jurisdiction ; but the candidate thus made is a part of the material, and may become of the membership of the Lodge which accepted him." Military Lodges were designed only for the benefit of residents of New York ; and after one year's trial, and while arranging the question of jurisdic- tion, they were permitted to sink into an everlasting sleep. The Grand Master stated that it was a matter of gratifi- IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 31 cation to the reflecting Mason, that the Fraternity had been represented, either in the person of the President, or in that of his cabinet ministers, in every administration of our National Government except one. "Whether the peaceful mission of Masonry has performed its office in giving a tone of peace to the general policy of our country, is known only to the members of our institution who have repre- sented it in the executive departments. THE PEACE CONVENTION OF MASONS proposed to be held in Louisville fell through. It was sug- gested by several of the distinguished and eminent Past Grand Masters of the border States in the "West in July, 1861. The meeting was to have been held in October. The Grand Master of New York, Finlay M. King, declined attendance in a lengthy communication, which will be found in the record, and which touches upon the following points : That the proposed convention must necessarily be of a polit- ical character. That he had no authority to represent the Fraternity of this State in such a body. That Masons had no right to interfere with the political government of "the country. That no measures could be adopted or indicated by the convention in the exasperated condition of the contend- ing parties, which would secure the ends aimed at. That the objects of the convention were impossible of attain- ment. That it was his belief that the President was, by the voice of the people, by the fiat of the Constitution, and by the decree of the Almighty God, made the President of the United States, and it was the duty of all good Masons to bow to the majesty and power and irrevocable decrees of these authorities. The Grand Master closed his eloquent and forcible address by stating that, in his estimation, Masonry could do much to alleviate and mitigate the horrors of the war. That he had intrusted to discreet, faithful, and competent hands Dis- pensations for the organization of several military Lodges, in regiments and brigades going to the seat of war from 32 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY this State. On the battle-field, by the hospital couch of the wounded and dying, in the widow's home of desolation, and in the squalid abodes of want and poverty, let the light of " Masonic Charity " and mercy shed forth their cheering beams, bringing balm to the sufferer, comfort to the sorrow- ing, and sustenance to the poor and hungry ; and not only will the dark picture of our country's sad condition be greatly enlivened and relieved, but we shall have the three- fold comfort and satisfaction of having been faithful and true " to our God, our country, and our Order." Among the many officers of various grades who found their patriotism so exacting as to cause them to face the opponents of the Union of States, was Rev. H. C. Yogel, one of the Grand Chaplains of the Grand Lodge, State of New York. In May, 1862, the reverend brother wrote to the Grand Secretary, James M- Austin, from the camp of Howard's Brigade, near Richmond, Virginia, stating the necessity for his occupancy of two positions, assistant sur- geon as well as chaplain. The descriptive powers of the reverend brother were excellent, and his communication was directed to be filed. It was the happy privilege of the Grand Master, Clinton F. Paige, in his address in 1865, to announce to the Grand Lodge the cessation of war, which he did in the following language : " Under Providence, the truth and the right have come out of the fierce trial undimmed and triumphant. No longer will the soil of the Eepublic tremble beneath the shock of contending armies; no longer will brother meet brother upon the battle-field, nor the misguided children of our common country be formed in hostile array against the government of our fathers. The angel of peace has at last unfolded her spotless wings, and, as her gentle influence resumes its wonted sway, the reunited millions, forgetting their animosities, and remembering only the glory and per- petuity of our free institutions, will hail the standard of the Republic as the symbol and token of trials and difficulties over- come in the past ; of concord, amity, and union in the future. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 33 Discussion of the various topics connected with, public affairs would, of course, be utterly irrelevant here ; but I may be permitted to remind you, that in the immediate future, as in the dark days now happily past, there is a work peculiarly Masonic in its character, and therefore peculiarly devolving upon Masons to perform. Masonry is the daughter of peace, striving always and ever to promote conciliation and friendship, to unite men in acts of benevolence, to turn their minds from the bickerings and strife of the world, and to prepare them for the coming of that day when there shall be no war ; and she bows only in sorrow before the inevitable necessities that call for the cannon and the bayonet to vindicate national authority and preserve national existence. If her sons point the instru- ments of death, or apply the torch of desolation, it is be- cause God and the country ordain the sacrifice ; and there is scarce a battle-field of our Civil "War but will attest that Masons have been the first to bind up the wounds of the fallen, and to accord the rites of sepulture to the dead. And ours be it now, my brethren, to bury in the grave of the dead past the heart-burnings and animosities that have been engendered in the strife ; ours to extend the hand of concilia- tion and forgiveness to the repentant ; ours to win back to the household of the faithful our erring brethren ; ours, by precept and example, to hasten the day when faults shall be forgotten, and replaced by a generous emulation for the good of our whole country. The Giver of all things has purposely created us weak, fallible, and erring, that the temptations, the trials, and the vicissitudes of this earthly pilgrimage might prepare us for the true life to come." The natural sequence and after occurrences to a great war were felt in individual cases among some of the brethren throughout the State in 1866. The return of the soldier to his home, the memories of hard-fought fields and loss of kindred, the more open expression of political opinions, frequently gave rise to personal debate and acrimonious remarks from which Freemasons of thoughtless nature did VOL. IV. — 3 34 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY not hold altogether aloof, and who sought a satisfaction in complaint to the Grand Master, John L. Lewis. The Grand Master exercised his tact and ability in quieting the complainants, in having the past forgotten, and in solicit- ing gentle Charity, with angel wings, to fold from view the historic pages of the past. BEADING OF GRAND LODGE PROCEEDINGS IN LODGES. The Grand Master, John W. Simons, in his address in June, 1861, gave expression to the inutility of the instruc- tions to Lodges, that the transactions of the Grand Lodge should be read in the Lodges for the information of the brethren, inasmuch as the proceedings were so voluminous, that to comply with the order would seem to necessitate the giving up of all other business. Further, he coincided in the decision made in 1856, wherein it was adjudged that a Warrant could not be surrendered so long as there were seven brethren desiring to continue as a Lodge. THE COMPILATION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A CODE OF MASONIC JURISPRUDENCE, based on existing legislation and the Constitution, was urged by the Grand Master, and the work recommended to be placed in the hands of Most "Worshipful John L. Lewis, Jr. This led, in time, to the production of that most admirable codification and Constitution, which is the base of the pres- ent fundamental law, and of which the Grand Lodge is justly proud. THE CONDITION OF THE FINANCES of the Grand Lodge were becoming precarious. The ex- penditures had exceeded the revenue. One thousand dollars had to be taken from the Permanent Fund, and a loan of fifteen hundred dollars had also to be negotiated on the pri- vate responsibility of the Grand Officers. The revenue had been $21,396.64, while the expenses had reached $23,085.83. JOHN JACOB ASTOR, GRAND TREASURER, i798->8oo. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 35 The revenue five years after this date was $36,584. Econ- omy was urged, and the Grand Master renewed the sugges- tion of his predecessor, saying, " that the Grand Lodge was becoming too unwieldy for the prompt and easy dispatch of business. While bearing in mind that an attendance of each of the Masters and "Wardens brings all closer together, and cements the relations of brotherly love which exist among us, it is not to be denied that a smaller body would be more efficient. That the Annual Communication in- volves a direct expense of at least ten thousand dollars, or about one-half of the entire revenue." At the close of the preceding Communication, 27 Lodges were warranted, the highest number reaching 501. Seven- teen Dispensations had been granted during the year. Four hundred and forty Lodges had made returns, showing the initiations in the State to have been 4,623. The total num- ber of Masons in good standing was shown to be 30,265. Total amount to credit of Hall and Asylum Fund, $36,129.65. The Grand Lodge of New York addressed a congratula- tory letter to the GRAND LODGE OF SAXONY, on the occasion of its semi-centennial celebration, 11th of September, 1861 ; at the same time it announced its sorrow for the sudden call to the Heavenly Light of the Grand Master, Friedrich Ludwig Meissner, who had been an active worker in the quarries of Masonry for over forty years, and who died at the moment when he was to open a Grand Lodge Communication, December 4, 1860. GRAND LODGE OF HAMBURG OSTRACISED. The Grand Lodges, with great unanimity, reported their continued adherence to the policy adopted by the Grand Lodge of New York in the course it had pursued toward the Grand Lodge of Hamburg, and protested against the un- warrantable interference of the latter mentioned Grand 36 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Lodge. But the astonishment of the Grand Lodge of New York was aroused when it discovered, in 1864, that the Grand Lodge of Maryland had adopted a resolution to the following effect : " That Brother E. Delius formerly of Amicable Lodge, No. 25, now of the free city of Bremen, be the representa- tive of the Grand Lodge of Maryland to the Grand Lodge of Hamburg. That the Masonic Commission be issued under the broad seal of the Grand Lodge of Maryland, properly attested by the officers thereof, and forwarded to our vener- able and distinguished brother." The evident regret of New York was short-lived, for, upon opening correspondence upon the question, it was discovered that the brethren of Maryland had made an error, and intended to accredit their representative to the Grand Lodge of Germany, and not to Hamburg, although solicited so to do by Doctor Buck, the Grand Master of Hamburg. L' UNION FRANgAISE LODGE, NO. 17. From early days to latest date there have existed restless spirits, ever ready to gratify their ambition and deem them- selves never so happy as when they can make a pretentious claim to emanate from some supposed higher power than that from which springs the simple, honest, humble, and charitable institution known as the Masonic Brotherhood. They are unwilling to understand equality and fraternity in Masonry, but deem they must emanate from some Grand East, Central Power, or high-sounding presumptive author- ity. This unmasonic, un-liberty-loving feeling, it must be observed, was manifest among some of the members in L'Union Francaise Lodge. To hold a "Warrant from the Grand Lodge did not seem to satisfy their love of maternal origin and eminence ; and in order to increase in numbers they reduced their fee — as is usual with rebellious spirits — to a minimum amount. Financial operators and knights errant have always existed in Masonry, and will continue to write their distasteful names on history. Thus Masonry in IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 37 New York must record them. Grand Master Simons thus alludes to the malcontents of L'Union Francaise Lodge in his address of 1861 : " It is proper to say that these men still continue to meet as a Lodge, under the name and style of L'Union Francaise, No. 17, and, as I am informed and believe, pretend to make Masons at five dollars each. There is also another clandestine Lodge at work in this city, and one in Albany, both using the French language, and claiming, with probable truth, to be organized under the so-called Kite of Memphis, having its central power in the city of Paris. It would seem that organizations of this character are inseparable from great commercial centres like New York, for I find that they also exist in London and Paris, in which latter city, however, they are occasionally treated to a visit from the police. Men who can lend themselves to such enterprises must be devoid of all moral balance ; for the people who innocently fall into the trap thus set for them, invariably entertain the notion that they are to be made Masons, and, of course, when they attempt to visit, they discover the imposition that has been practiced upon them. It is a matter of sincere regret that unprincipled men should select the name of our Society as a shield for their nefarious practices, but it should be understood that it is in nowise our fault, and that the legitimate Fraternity cannot fairly be held responsible for misdeeds of persons with whom they have nothing whatever to do." The seceders claimed that, " in consequence of the unjusti- fiable persecution to which our Lodge had been compelled to submit, the members came to the decision, that until the elections for Grand Master and Deputy Grand Master should place such brothers in their respective chairs, who should, without the remotest partiality, fully investigate the matter, and pronounce as to the merits or demerits of the case, to declare themselves, for that recess only, independent of the Grand Lodge." A circular was issued in the summer of 1858 by J. B. Karcher, claiming to be the Master of the Lodge, and was 38 HISTOEY OF FREEMASONRY distributed to all the Lodges of the State. In due course, however, No. 17 surrendered its Warrant, and some of the members, together with some few brethren from other Lodges, petitioned for the revival of L'Union Francaise Lodge. A Dispensation was granted. This was subse- quent to the appointment of Past Grand Master John W. Simons to manage their affairs, liquidate the debts, and to attend to the necessary details consequent upon the sur- render of the Warrant ; all of which having been com- plied with, return was accordingly made. The Deputy Grand Master, Dr. John J. Crane, having great confidence in the appointee, determined to end the three years' con- tentions by designating Brother Simons the Master, who restored the Lodge to its former distinguished position and efficiency. The original Warrant and number were awarded the Lodge. (See reference to this subject on p. 517, vol. 3.) DEDICATION OF NEW HAIL AT BUFFALO. A special Communication of the Grand Lodge was con- vened by Grand Master Finlay M. King on the 27th of December, 1861, for the purpose of dedicating to Masonry the new Hall just then completed by Hiram Lodge, No. 105 ; Erie Lodge, No. 161 ; and Buffalo Chapter, No. 71, Royal Arch Masonry. The Hall was in due form dedicated to Freemasonry, to Virtue, and to "Universal Benevolence. In like manner was dedicated the ELEGANT HALL OF NEWBUKGH LODGE, NO. 309, on the 24th of June, 1864. By delegated authority, Daniel T. Walden, Deputy Grand Master of the third district, conducted the ceremonies, on the 20th of May, of LAYING THE CORNER-STONE OF KINGS COUNTY COURT HOUSE. This was in accordance with the request of the Supervisors of Kings County. Grand Master Clinton F. Paige IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 39 LAID THE COENEE-STONE OF THE CHUECH OF THE MESSIAH in Buffalo, at the request of the Trustees of the Society, on the 2d of August, 1868. A new district was created of those LODGES WOEKING IN A FOEEIGN TONGUE. They were organized into a separate district covering the cities of New York and Brooklyn, and to comprise such Lodges as were working in the French, Spanish, Italian, and German languages, and were to have appointed over them a suitable person as District Deputy Grand Master. Particulars as to this new district are given, post, in 1865. ADVANCEMENT MAY EEQUIBE A BALLOT. It was further determined that a candidate having been initiated, and objections being raised against his advance- ment, the Master must order a ballot ; and should a black ball appear, the candidate must remain as an Entered Ap- prentice in the Lodge until it be the pleasure of the Lodge to confer upon him the remaining degrees. On the 6th of June, 1861, Warrants were authorized to be issued to fourteen new Lodges to be numbered from 502 to 515 inclusive. THE POWEES OF A DEPUTY GEAND MASTEE were defined by the Deputy, Finlay M. King, prior to his election as Grand Master, in which he says that the office of Deputy Grand Master is of comparatively recent origin, having been created by a General Regulation adopted by the Grand Lodge of England, December 27, 1720, which provided that the sole power of making the appointment should be vested in the Grand Master, a power which is still exercised by that officer in England, and is pursued in some of the States this side the Atlantic. So, also, were the powers originally exercised by the Deputy solely de- 40 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY rived from the Grand Master, except in case of his absence from the jurisdiction, when the prerogatives and powers of the Grand Master pass into his hand. In this State, as in some others, the Deputy has been given additional powers by constitutional enactment, such as the issuing of Dispen- sations for the formation of new Lodges, the suspension of "Warrants, the granting of Dispensations for conferring the third degree in less time than prescribed by the General Rules of the Craft, etc. GRAND LODGE JURISDICTION IN GERMANY. It must not be forgotten that the Grand Lodge of New York was holding Masonic intercourse with Grand Lodges in Germany other than that of Hamburg. The right of jurisdiction within the political territory where there was a Grand Lodge in existence, was as well recognized in Ger- many as it was on the American continent. There were nine Grand Lodges in Germany. 1. The National Grand Lodge of Germany, ~i At Berlin, 2. The Grand Lodge of Prussia, Royal York, > Kingdom 3. The Mother Grand Lodge, Three Globes, ) of Prussia. 4. The National Grand Lodge of Saxony, at Dresden. 5. The Grand Lodge of Hanover, at Hanover. 6. The Grand Lodge "Zur Eintracht" (Concordia), at Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hessen Darmstadt. 7. The Grand Lodge "Zur Sonne" (The Sun), at Bay- reuth, Bavaria. 8. The Grand Lodge of the Eclectic Union, at Frankfort- on-the-Main. 9. The Grand Lodge of Hamburg, at Hamburg. In Germany, the right of jurisdiction differed in appear- ance only from that which was recognized by law and usage in other parts of the world. In reality the law there was not at variance with that which was enforced here. No Grand Lodge of Germany would, for one moment, entertain the idea of establishing a daughter Lodge within the terri- IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. • 41 torial jurisdiction of any other German Grand Lodge, unless the special consent of that Grand Lodge was first obtained, or by reciprocal treaty. It is true that the Grand Lodges of Hamburg, Bayreuth, Saxony, and the National Grand Lodge of Germany at Berlin, had daughter Lodges within the limits of States separated from them by political boundaries ; but it is also true that in those States there were no Grand Lodges in existence claiming exclusive territorial jurisdiction, and therefore no question of exclusive jurisdiction could arise. The Grand Lodge of Hamburg had subordinates (besides the five within the city of Hamburg) in the Kingdom of "Wurtemberg, in the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg, Olden- burg, Saxe Weimar, Brunswick, at Lubeck and Frankfort- on-the-Main. Before the year 1811, the Grand Lodge of Hamburg was a Provincial Grand Lodge of the Grand Lodge of England. ■ On the 4th of June the office of Assistant Grand Secre- tary, which had been held by Brother George E. Simons, was abolished; and the salary of the Grand Secretary, James M. Austin, M.D., made $2,000, inclusive of clerk hire. All the Officers of the Grand Lodge were re-elected, except that Finlay M. King was elected Grand Master, and Dr. John J. Crane was elected Deputy Grand Master. The number of Chaplains was reduced to two. VIRGINIA AND NEW YORK. An entanglement growing out of a misunderstanding by the Grand Lodge of Yirginia as to the true process of accomplishing and mode of attainment of a union of the two Grand Lodges of New York in 1858, was mal-timed, giving discomfort to the Grand Lodge of New York for several years, and was incident to the political difficulties between the Northern and Southern sections of the country. Yirginia declared non-intercourse, under her belief that the 42 ■ HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY laws of Masonry had been infringed by the mode of union adopted in New York. The war for the Union of States had come upon the country before a true understanding of the settlement of the Masonic difficulties had been brought to the realizing sense of Yirginia, and communication could be had only under a national flag of truce. In 1861 the following resolution was adopted by the Grand Lodge of New York : "Resolved, That the decree of non-intercourse recently promulgated by the Grand Lodge of Yirginia as against this Grand Lodge, should not, and does not, exonerate the Masons hailing from this jurisdiction now, or hereafter to be, on the soil of Yirginia, or elsewhere, from the perfprm- ance of those high and holy Masonic duties toward Masons owing allegiance to the Grand Lodge of Yirginia which are imperatively cast upon them by their vows made in the Craft, the laws of God, and the dictates of humanity. If the Grand Lodge of Yirginia may have mistaken her duties, we should still remember to perform those which devolve upon us as individual Masons. Resolved, That the action of the Grand Lodge of Yirginia, before referred to, has been based upon a mistaken idea or belief, no doubt honestly entertained, as to the action of this Grand Lodge in 1858; and that it is earnestly to be hoped that the Grand Lodge of Yirginia will, on a review of the alleged facts, promptly recede from the position which she has taken toward this Grand Lodge." Past Grand Master Joseph D. Evans was appointed to communicate with the Grand Lodge of Yirginia, and en- deavor to have an adjustment of the misunderstanding. The political condition of the country forbade a free consid- eration of the subject matter ; but in 1862 the Grand Lodge of Yirginia modified its decree, and resolved, "that its action in 1860, in reference to Masons hailing from New York, be so far modified as to authorize Subordinate Lodges to recognize as Masons in good standing such Masons as IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 43 are residents of the State of Virginia, etc." This, at least, was an entering wedge to break up the rook-bound decree of non-intercourse. In 1865 Most Worshipful Brother Evans reported further, that, "The best feeling exists between the membership of the two jurisdictions, as has in many instances been strikingly- evinced on the battle-field by both parties. The alienation, in its present attitude, is really more of a technical charac- ter than one of individual feeling or of practical personal application, and may be overcome by the exercise of those Masonic virtues so readily brought into requisition in the set- tlement of diplomatic differences and individual grievances. It is true that the controversy itself involves a principle in Masonic usage, which, under some circumstances, should be esteemed as vital to the well-being of the Institution ; but in this case, it being controlled by a sovereign power, it can not be assumed as a precedent for subordinate action, con- sequently must prove entirely harmless to the Craft." We find that the Grand Lodge of Virginia in 1865 denied the statement that that Grand Lodge forbade Masons Avork- ing under its jurisdiction to recognize or hold Masonic inter- course with Masons adhering to their allegiance to the Union. New York, however, insisted on holding Virginia respon- sible for the declaration, that, " We recommend no Masonic intercourse ever be held with the Grand Lodges or Subordi- nate Lodges of the North, unless it is sought by them, and satisfactory evidence given to us that the Grand Lodge thus seeking intercourse with us has not attempted to convert Masonry into a means of sustaining the war against us." During the years 1865 and 1866, lengthy communications, explanatory and otherwise, passed between the committee on the part of New York, and the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Virginia, which happily resulted in Virginia forwarding to New York the following attested resolutions : Resolved, That while we earnestly protest against the principles recognized by the Grand Lodge of New York in her intercourse and union with the Body known as the Phil- 44 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY lips Grand Lodge, as being irregular, unmasonic, and calcu- lated to destroy the discipline and purity of the Institution of Freemasonry ; and while we are fully satisfied that the course of this Grand Lodge toward the Grand Lodge of New York is truly Masonic, friendly, and just, we are still willing, as said Grand Lodge declares the evil which has been done irremediable and irrevocable, to renew the frater- nal intercourse and harmony formerly existing between this Most "Worshipful Grand Lodge and the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of New York. Resolved, That all acts and resolutions of this Most Wor- shipful Grand Lodge suspending Masonic intercourse with the Grand Lodge of New York, and those hailing from her jurisdiction, be, and the same are hereby, repealed. The committee on the part of New York reported June 6, 1866, that there had been many personal interviews, when the most friendly feelings were evinced, that it was " very obvious that the rigid line of policy insisted upon by them was induced from a desire to maintain unimpaired the ancient customs of the Order. Hence they contended for a tenacious adherence to the Ritual and disciplinary forms imposed upon the Craft, as being applicable to, and as im- perative upon, Grand Lodges, either in making or healing Masons, if they possess such a right at all, as upon Subor- dinate Lodges. There is but one door of entrance into Masonry or to regular Masonic standing, and that channel to legitimacy is as familiar to the educated Mason as is any other ceremony made essential by the Ancient Landmarks of the Order. The course of Yirginia, therefore, in the posi- tion assumed, was dictated by no unkind feelings, but solely from an unwillingness to yield any principle in Masonic usage made requisite to good standing by the Ancient Charges, or may be esteemed as necessary to the perpetuity of true Freemasonry. Their effort in insisting upon our conformity to those regulations was only abandoned when it became apparent that a practical application of the forms, at this late day, was an utter impossibility." IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 45 Accordingly it was resolved that the Grand Lodge of New York enter cordially into the fraternal spirit of the Masons of Virginia, and, appreciating their motives, recipro- cate most fully the emotions which prompted them. HALL AND ASYLUM FUND. On the 5th of June, 1861, the old-time subject dear to the hearts of all earnest Masons of New York — the Hall and Asylum Fund— again came before the Fraternity. Right Worshipful William Rockwell opened the financial portion of the subject by presenting the sum of $245.30 — proceeds of a ball — to the fund. On the 1st of June, 1862, the Trustees reported the fund to amount to $39,471.15. Several days thereafter the Committee on the History of the Fund made a report (p. 188, printed Proceedings of the Grand Lodge, 1862), the principal features of which will be found in vol. iii., pp. 77-79, History of Freemasonry in the /State of New York. A circular note was directed to be addressed by the Trustees of the fund to the Lodges of the State, soliciting aid ; but the condition of the country, the derangement of its mercantile, fiscal, and commercial affairs, consequent upon the prolongation of the war and increased taxation, were urged as reasons for not complying with the recom- mendation. The proposition of former years had not been carried out of urging all Lodges to collect ten cents per month from each member if possible, and if not collected, that the Lodge contribute the amount uncollected, to make a sum equal to ten cents per head per month, and forward same to Trustees. The Trustees in 1864 reported the amount of the fund to be $49,402.14, but that the sum of $200,000 was needed before commencing the erection of the Hall, which should be located in New York City, while the Asylum would adorn some interior section of the State. Upon application, the legislature of the State enacted a law passed April 21, 1864, known as chapter 272, incorporat- 46 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY ing the Trustees of the Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund, in the following language : OOPT OF THE ACT TO INCORPORATE THE TRUSTEES OF THE MASONIC HALL AND ASYLUM FUND. Chapter 272. An Act to Incorporate the " Trustees of the Masonic Mall and Asylum Fund." Passed April 21, 1864. The People of the State of New York, represented, in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : Section 1. The voluntary association now existing and known as the " Trustees of the Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund," and composed of the Grand Master, Deputy Grand Master, Senior Grand Warden, Junior Grand Warden, and Grand Secretary of the association known as the " Ancient and Honorable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New York," and their successors holding said offices, is hereby created a body politic and corporate, with all the general powers of corporations under the Revised Statutes of the State of New York, by and under the name of the " Trustees of the Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund." Sec. 2. The corporation hereby created shall consist of the Grand Master, Deputy Grand Master, Senior Grand War- den, Junior Grand Warden, and Grand Secretary, for the time being, of the said Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, and their successors in office, as they shall from time to time be elected at the General Assembly or Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New York, in accordance with the rules and customs thereof. Sec 3. The corporation hereby created is hereby author- ized and empowered to take and hold real and personal estate, by gift, purchase, legacy, or devise, to an amount not exceeding five hundred thousand dollars, for the purposes of its corporation, subject to the limitations now prescribed by law. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 47 Sec. 4. It shall be the object of the corporation hereby created to build and maintain a Masonic Hall in the city of New York, for the meetings of the Grand Lodge or General Assembly of Masons, and for the accommodation of other Masonic bodies or associations ; and out of the funds derived from the rent or income thereof, or other sources, to build, establish, and maintain an asylum or asylums, school Or schools, for the free education of the children of Masons, and for the relief of worthy and indigent Masons, their widows and orphans. Sec. 5. The corporation hereby created is empowered to adopt regulations and by-laws, and appoint officers for the better accomplishment of the objects herein mentioned. Sec. 6. The said corporation shall annually report to the Grand Lodge or General Assembly of Masons the amount, condition, and investment of the fund in its hands, and all other matters and things relating to the concerns of the corporation. Sec. 7. The said corporation shall be subject to the re- strictions and liabilities prescribed in the third title of the eighteenth chapter, of the first part of the Revised Statutes. Sec. 8. This act shall take effect immediately. The Grand Lodge set earnestly to work to increase the fund, and declared, " that no appropriation shall be made by the Grand Lodge, except for necessary expenses and charit- able purposes, until the Masonic Hall and the Asylum are erected. Furthermore that a committee shall be appointed to prepare an address to the Lodges as to the increase of the fund, and it also re-enacted the ten cent monthly con- tribution to be made by the members." The auxiliary Hall and Asylum Fund of City Lodge, ISTo. 408, reported a prin- cipal and interest, $530.06. The Treasurer of the Grand Lodge was instructed to transfer $5,000 to the Trustees for the fund. The Masters of Lodges were appointed to solicit subscriptions; and thus, in 1865, the fund had swelled to over $74,000, and contributions continued to flow in rapidly. The Trustees announced they had purchased a building 48 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY and a plot of ground one hundred feet front on Grand Street and one hundred and twenty-five feet on Crosby Street, for the sum of $120,000 ; that the property was two hundred feet east of Broadway. The circular issued by Grand Mas- ter Clinton F. Paige, appealing to the brethren to wipe out the balance of the debt on the ground, and complete a sum of at least $200,000, could well have been used as a model upon which many strong appeals for money in after years might have been constructed. This was issued the 15th of November, 1864. On the 9th of June, 1865, $5,000 from the treasury and $10,000 from the Permanent Fund were directed to be transferred to the Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund, which by 1866 had increased to $117,293.19, and to this were added $10,000 from the treasury and Permanent Fund. Much dissatisfaction, however, was apparent, indeed openly expressed, in reference to the purchase of the prop- erty in Grand Street for the site of the Hall, and on which $100,000 had already been paid. So strong was the opposi- tion that it materially interfered with the contributions, and caused the Grand Master in his Address of 1866 to state frankly that he did not believe that the Hall would be built on that site, and it had caused him to seek the refusal of another on Broadway, between Fourteenth and Twenty-fifth Streets, double the necessary size, and within the financial reach of the Fraternity. The Trustees reported in 1867, that, in addition to pos- sessing the five lots of ground, corner of Grand and Crosby Streets, in fee simple, there was invested and in hand, $84,552.18. A MASONIC FAIR of very considerable note was held in the building then owned by the Fraternity, which was opened the 5th of December, 1866, and closed the 9th of January, 1867, realiz- ing a net profit of $50,931.66. The Grand Lodge, by vote, advised the Trustees of the IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 49 Hall and Asylum Fund to sell the property in Grand Street, and invest the proceeds in interest-bearing securities until such time as a more eligible location could be procured. A new feature now dawned upon the Masonic vision, and for a time created quite a flurry of excitement. A number of brethren, among whom "William Sinclair, Walter H. Shupe, and George "W. Nelson were prominent, informed the Grand Master, Robert D. Holmes, that the People's College, located in Havana, Schuyler County, was not used for the purposes intended by the legislature when it was chartered — not even occupied — and could be purchased for a small sum, even at $160,000 less than original cost. The Grand Master immediately made a personal examina- tion, and was surprised and pleased to find a very finely constructed and commodious building, of great strength and unusual beauty, situated in a desirable position, and sur- rounded by over one hundred acres of land of a diversified character, which belonged to the estate, the building being capable of accommodating over two hundred and fifty people, with all the necessary appliances for carrying on the objects contemplated within an asylum. The property, said to be worth $175,000, was announced purchasable for less than $10,000. Most "Worshipful John L. Lewis, Jr., and two other eminent lawyers on the committee, ' in a letter stated, that, " The conclusion to which we have arrived is, that the transfer of / the People's College prop- erty may be made by the Trustees beyond a doubt, and carry a perfect and valid title to the purchaser ; and, indeed, upon examination, we find the whole question less embar- rassed by difficulty than we apprehended." On the 7th of June, 1867, the admirable committee, consist- ing of Brothers John L. Lewis, John "W. Simons, Royal G. Millard, John D. "Williams, and B. "W. Palmer, reported a thorough examination of all matters pertaining to the Hall and Asylum Fund, and added : " That it appears that the VOL. IV. i 50 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund cannot now legally receive, nor the Trustees of the People's College transfer, that property under their present acts of incorporation, and need an enabling act or acts for that purpose." And thus, no action was had at that Communication ; but it was urged that, during the coming year, the whole subject should be carefully considered and investigated, and that the repre- sentatives be instructed accordingly. In due course the Committee through Brother F. S. Howe, Secretary pro tern, reported that the Havana College spoken of was held in trust for the uses and purposes of a College, and is now controlled by twenty-four Trustees, who, by law, hold office for life. Also, that the Trustees cannot lawfully alienate the said property, save upon the condition that the College franchise be kept alive. The Trustees resolved, " that the proposition submitted to the Board of Trustees of the People's College, by W. H. Shupe on the part of the Masons of the State of New York, meets our approbation, and that we are in favor of transferring the control of the said People's College to the said Fraternity, provided that satisfactory arrangements can be made that all just claims against said College shall be honorably adjusted. That they shall open and main- tain the People's College as a college, retaining the main features set forth, so far as is practicable ; and shall, in con- nection therewith, establish an asylum for the care, main- tenance, and education of the orphans of Masons, and the care of ' decayed Masons.' " A committee of five was appointed with powers to negotiate with the representatives of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York for a legal and complete assumption of all the lawful trusts and re- sponsibilities of the Board of Trustees of the People's College. In accordance therewith, Walter H. Shupe and George "W. Nelson were appointed with full power and authority to represent the Trustees of the People's College, under a pledge to carry out the terms of the resolutions and the action of the representatives founded thereon. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 51 It was resolved that further meetings be held subject to legal call. Upon continued examination it was found that there were available buildings admirably adapted for the purposes of an asylum, if the College building proper was used exclusively for a school. The extra buildings were valued at about $20,000, and could be fitted for use in thirty days. The Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund, under the law creating them, soon discovered that they had no power to receive the property coupled with a condition, therefore no transfer could be made. Entertainments, termed Masonic Gift Enterprises, having been instituted, the Grand Lodge denounced them as gross and wicked, and that all gift concerts or other gift adven- tures purporting to be in aid of the Hall and Asylum Fund, or of any other Masonic charity, were scandalous, and that all money so raised would be refused. The sale of the Grand Street property produced $163,000'. The total assets held by the Trustees were, in bonds, $119,- 100; in the Union Trust Company and cash, $83,167.87; and on bond and mortgage, $81,500— total, $284,167.87. At a subsequent date the committee of seven as to the Havana College re-stated that an offer had been made to transfer the grounds and buildings upon an agreement to sustain the manual labor requirement; to discharge mechanics' debts, etc., amounting to about $3,000, and to satisfy a judgment of $9,000. The Committee recommended an acceptance of the offer upon a full compliance of the property being relieved from all incumbrance. This bar- rier, however, proved insurmountable. Before dismissing this portion of the subject, that once so prominently related to the Masonic Asylum, several facts should be presented. The institution known as the " People's College " was incor- porated by an Act of the legislature of the State, April 12, 1853. The capital stock was fixed at $250,000, with author- ity to increase it to $500,000, in shares of one dollar each, and that each stockholder should have one vote in the elec- tion of Trustees, or other business of the corporation. Large 52 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY and small sums had been contributed, and many stockholders existed with the right to vote. Thousands of certificates were outstanding. The object of the People's College was instruction and improvement in agriculture and the sciences immediately- connected therewith; and to have agriculture, with the various branches of manufactures and mechanical arts, sys- tematically prosecuted within the bounds of the College and its grounds. Commissioners located the College at Havana, and the legislature, in March, 1857, confirmed the location. The grounds contained one hundred acres of land, consisting of two plots of sixty and forty acres, and not adjoining. The building was of brick, 216 feet long, and 52 feet wide, four stories above basement. The building was not quite complete, and would require about twenty thousand dollars to finish it ; various debts and claims existed against the institution. The subject in all its detail finally came up before the Special Committee, which reported in favor of appointing a committee of five, with full power to accept a transfer as soon as all incumbrances should be removed ; that a perfect control be obtained of the stock, 'and that the Grand Master shall nominate twenty-four persons to the Board of Trustees (Masons), who will, one by one, resign their posi- tions, and elect the said twenty-four to fill the same. This report was disposed of by referring it to the Com- mittee on Hall and Asylum ; and thus the matter ended as impracticable, if not impossible. The Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund having been requested by the Grand Lodge to sell the Grand Street property and purchase elsewhere, reported they had sold, and bought six lots north-east corner Sixth Avenue and Twenty-third Street for the sum of $340,000, subject to the lease of John Tarbell. The property was 141 feet on Twenty-third Street and 98 feet 8 inches on Sixth Avenue. Mortgages to the extent of $87,500 remained on the prop- erty, to meet which a mortgage still remained on the Grand Street plot of $81,500, leaving a deficiency of $6,000. The mortgage was payable May 1, 1870. The Trustees expected, J§- ^ UJ IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 53 that, by the end of the year, the proceeds of the mortgage on the Grand Street property, the rents of the Twenty-third Street property, which were $17,000, and the usual income of the fund, would be more than sufficient to pay off the small amount on the Twenty-third Street property, leaving it unencumbered, upon which they could borrow more than $500,000 to pay for building. The committee, on the 3d of June, 1869, reported the purchase, the amount of cost, the mortgage, the anticipated receipts, and the balance of over $54,000, with which to commence building. It was pur- posed to erect a structure to cost about $250,000. The interest, taxes, and insurance were estimated at $22,000. The income anticipated $30,000. It was presumed that the corner-stone would be laid in June, 1870. (Seejyost, 1870.) 1862. THE EXERCISE OF FOREIGN POLITICAL POWER. To a country wedded to given Masonic principles and forms, to a strict construction of Masonic usages, and to a belief in thoroughly understanding what are the Landmarks of the Brotherhood, the announcement by the Grand Master that the ruling political Executive of France, Brother Napo- leon Bonaparte, had appointed a GRAND MASTER OF MASONS IN FRANCE, touched the nerves and chords of the heart with a singular thrill. "What did it mean ? "What would be the outcome ? But France was not America. French Masonry was not an American system in its forms and ceremonies, and was sub- ject to a political power, if the Emperor was pleased to exer- cise it. It Avas exercised. There had been for a long period a struggle for the mastery in Masonry by two political princes. Murat had been Grand Master by election for a considerable period. Prince Napoleon, his competitor, was an ardent, aggressive politician, ambitious to become the Grand Master of Masons, although diligent search failed to 54 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY reveal his name as a Mason on the records of the Grand Orient. This prince, Napoleon Jerome, claimed to have been unanimously elected Grand Master on the 23d of May, by the regularly constituted Colleges. Immediately the Grand Master, Prince Lucien Murat, issued an edict closing all the Lodges in the Department of the Seine ; this was met by a protest against all edicts of the Grand Master since the period of the election of Prince Napoleon on the 23d of May. Whatever the contentions, which were growing more bit- ter, the Emperor, to quiet the disturbances, exercised his political authority, and appointed his Marshal, De Magnan, Grand Master. At a banquet held in Paris, the Fraternity accepted the Marshal as the head of the Grand Orient of France. Under Marshal Magnan the Fraternity felt a spirit of freedom from restraint they did not expect ; their aim was directed by him toward charity, the investigation and exer- cise of morality, the practice of virtue ; and their foundation was planted firmly on the acknowledgment of the existence of God, the immortality of the soul, and the universal love of mankind. The address of the Grand Master to the Orient, upon the first assembling, was frank, and should not be forgotten on either side of the water ; he said : " I am pleased to see you, and rejoice over your zeal. I anxiously wished for the time to arrive when we should meet together. Although we are known to each other already, through our correspondence, yet I desired to become personally acquainted with you. As concerns myself, my acts have characterized me to you as a warm, devoted Mason, as a kindly disposed and firm Grand Master ; kindly disposed so far as it is not detrimental to the dignity of the Order ; firm against everything that is contrary to the principles on which rest its honor and power ; that is the path from which I will never swerve. "We will endeavor to improve our present condition. Assist me honestly, and rely upon my good will. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 55 "When I assumed the office of Grand Master I found the finances of the Order in a deplorable condition — considerable debts, protests daily increasing, judicial proceedings un- worthy of so great a corporation. Thanks to the assistance of the Lodges, the zeal of the Masters, the judicious arrange- ments of the Grand Council, we have succeeded in removing this vexatious condition, and in relieving the most pressing necessities. With perseverance and patience, on which I count, we shall soon bring order in our affairs. [The deficit was about 60,000 francs, and it is worthy of notice that Fauvety, Hayman, Mittre, and others who/ were the most active in exposing it, were all elected as members of the Grand Council.] The financial question, however, is not the only one which occupies me. Above it I place what concerns the dignity and good reputation of the Order. I deeply regret to notice how constantly the portals of the temple are sur- rounded by Freemasons asking assistance. If it is the duty of our Order to practice charity, yet it should not become an Order of mendicants. The cause of this degrading evil lies in the facility with which we receive candidates. I entreat you to be more strict in your selections ; never lose sight of our common interest ; keep out such as are not able to bear the expense connected with Freemasonry, as well as those of doubtful moral reputation. Although my nomination was not in accordance with your Constitution, yet you may rest assured that I am just as independent as if elected by you. A mandate limiting my power I would not have accepted. "When I accepted the office of Grand Master, I accepted it with the will and the intention of doing something good. This will always be my aim." Marshal Magnan continued as Grand Master until 1865, when he was succeeded by General Mellinet, who was installed for a five years' service. A new Constitution of forty-three articles was adopted, and, by recognized declara- tion, it could not be amended for seven years. There were 56 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY 250„ Lodges. Marshal Magnan firmly resisted all attempts, which were several, by the Grand Orient to establish Sym- bolic Lodges in the United States ; he sustained home jurisdiction, and was faithful to the great principles of international Masonic law. Non-intercourse existed with England in consequence of the Grand Master of France being an appointee instead of an elected officer, but, at the request of the Marshal, the Emperor withdrew his decree of naming a Grand Master, which had the effect of an elec- tion of the Marshal for an additional year to 1865. GRAND LODGE OFFICERS IN 1862. Many changes were made in the elective officers and staff for the year commencing June, 1862. Dr. John J. Crane was elected Grand Master, and was supported by Eight "Worshipful Brothers Clinton F. Paige as Deputy, Stephen H. Johnson and Peter P. Murphy, M.D., respectively, as Senior and Junior Wardens ; Charles L. Church and James M. Austin remaining Treasurer and Secretary. There were appointed five Chaplains : to wit, Salem Town, LL.D., of Aurora ; Henry C. Vogel, D.D., of Utica ; E. L. Schoon- maker, D.D., of Schenectady ; Henry Blanchard, D.D., of Brooklyn ; and William P. Strickland, D.D., of New York City. Frederick W. Herring was appointed Grand Marshal ; Eobert C. Cornell, Grand Standard Bearer; Thomas S. Pope, Grand Sword Bearer; Amos H. Prescott, John G. Webster, William Knight, and William E. Lathrop, the four Grand Stewards ; James Gibson and John D. Williams, the Senior and Junior Grand Deacons ; Johnston Fountain and Sewall Fisk, the Pursuivant and Tiler ; George H. Eaymond, Grand Lecturer. in the city of New York, for the accumulation and care of Masonic and kindred works, was chartered by the legis- lature, and the venerable Brother James Herring was IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 57 selected as the first Librarian, and John W. Simons, Past Grand Master, became the first President. EIGHT OF MEMBERSHIP VERSUS MASTER. The Grand Lodge, by adoption of a report of a commit- tee, declared the right of members to attend a Lodge, the objection of the Master to the contrary notwithstanding; that is to say, that the authority of the Master cannot be exercised to the exclusion of the rights of a member in good standing. That the right of a member to meet with the brethren in the Lodge is equal with that of the Master, and only to be taken from him by forfeiture, through unmasdnic conduct. If a brother becomes disorderly he may be re- moved by order of the Master ; until then his seat cannot be disputed if he is in all respects in good standing. This action of the Grand Lodge is somewhat at variance with the report of the committee on same subject a half-dozen years preceding. (See p. 511, vol. iii.) STANDARD WORK OF GRAND LODGE. On the 6th of June, 1862, the Grand Lodge declared that the work exemplified by Eight Worshipful George H. Eay- mond, Grand Lecturer, and received by him from Eight "Worshipful "William H. Drew, should be designated the standard work of the Grand Lodge. MONTAUK LODGE NO. 286 AND THE DELTA. A question of special, as well as general, interest arose in connection with an ornamental delta suspended in the East of Montauk Lodge Eoom, Brooklyn. The District Deputy of the third district, Daniel T. "Walden, on the 15th of Feb- ruary, 1862, addressed a letter to Harvey Farrington, Mas- ter of Montauk Lodge, to the following effect : "Worshipful Sir and Brother: On my official visit to Montauk Lodge, I observed that you have a triangle over 58 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY the Master's chair, instead of the letter G. I have con- sulted with the Most Worshipful Grand Master (Finlay M. King) in relation to the propriety of this. In his opinion it is not proper, and I am directed to correct it as irregular. You will, therefore, discontinue its use, and in place thereof display the letter used in other Lodges." Exceptions were taken to this order by the officers of the Lodge, which resulted in a Memorial to the Grand Lodge, to the following effect : "Your Memorialists promptly obeyed the order of the Deputy in respectful submission to the will of the Most "Worshipful Grand Master. Having so obeyed, the privilege remains to them of stating that they consider the position thus assumed to be illiberal and unenlightened, and that it involves a departure from the generous and intelligent policy, of this Most "Worshipful Grand Lodge, which has scrupu- lously avoided all legislation which might unnecessarily re- strict her subordinates in the exercise of their time-honored rights and privileges ; and they pray the Most "Worshipful Grand Lodge so to declare. That the position in which your Memorialists are placed may be understood, they would remark that, in the begin- ning of the year 1861, they leased rooms in Brooklyn, and fitted them up at great expense, intending to use them for Lodge and Chapter purposes, as they might require. The object sought was to provide comfortable and elegant rooms for Masons to assemble in, and not in any way to produce a representation of the Temple, or any portion thereof. In decorating these rooms, the only Masonic emblems perma- nently displayed were, a representation of the starry-decked heavens on the dome and the four cardinal virtues on the ceiling ; also a Mosaic pavement and two ashlars laid upon the floor. Afterwards, as a further ornament and an ex- pressive universal symbol, as well as to give further light in the East, a small triangular burner (a) was suspended there. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 59 The official letter addressed to our "Worshipful Master informs him, 1st. That every Lodge of Master Masons must perma- nently display the letter G over the Master's chair. 2d. That the permanent display of a triangle in the East of such a Lodge is improper and irregular. That such display of the letter G is their duty, your Memo- rialists respectfully deny. Because neither this nor any other Grand Body has ever made it obligatory on a Master's Lodge, visibly and perma- nently, to display any symbol or emblem in any part of its place of meeting. An officer so ordering would be exercising a power which the Grand Lodge has not yet exercised, and which might better be left to its collective wisdom to undertake. Because the Eitual requires a body of Masons about to assemble, to hold a legal Warrant and to display the lights, and, simply, to allude to and explain the meaning of the letter G, in its proper course. Because, in the absence of legislation by the Grand Lodge, or any requirement of the Eitual, neither universal usage nor the ancient Landmarks of the Fraternity demand such display. A local preference, hitherto exercised by each Subordinate Lodge, has furnished the only fact in support. That such display of the triangle is ' improper or irregu- lar ' your Memorialists respectfully deny. Because it is not substituted by them for the letter G in the explanation given in the second degree, or any other portion of the Eitual 1 . Because it is known and recognized by every educated man the world over as one of the oldest and most perfect of geometrical figures, as one of the oldest symbols of Deity, and as one of the oldest ornaments in ecclesiastical architecture. Because no decoration or symbol is ' improper ' or ' irreg- ular,' provided it be not opposed to the spirit and principles of the Fraternity, the law of the land, or social propriety. If no objection be sustained on these grounds, the subordi- nate cannot be so interfered with. 60 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Your Memorialists remark, further, that they consider that the official order commanding their Master to ' take down,' ' put up,' etc., is an error and is discourteous, inasmuch as they claim sole control over their Lodge-rooms and property duly paid for, as long as their Warrant is unreclaimed. They think Masonic propriety, in this case, required that, after having been informed that the place in which the Lodge assembled was Masonically irregular and unsuitable, their Master should have been directed to discontinue any further meeting there, until the errors were rectified and the place approved by proper authority ; and they do not doubt that this Most "Worshipful Grand Lodge will so decide. In conclusion, your Memorialists would remind the Grand Lodge that Montauk Lodge has sedulously studied to be quiet, and to mind her own business, and to keep untar- nished the Warrant intrusted to her. In so doing she has never found time or inclination to pass beyond her own por- tals to give offense ; and yet it is mortifying to her to state the conviction that this action is only a further exhibition of a spirit of interference and a disposition to annoy which has been manifested toward them ever since they have held a Warrant. Knowing the existence of this unmasonic feeling, your Memorialists have been doubly careful to " act by the plumb," and they now place themselves under the protec- tion of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge, and respectfully ask the adoption of the following : That the official letter of Eight Worshipful D. T. Wal- den, District Deputy Grand Master, third district, dated 15th February, 1862, addressed to Harvey Partington, Master of Montauk Lodge, Kb. 286, be, and the same is hereby, dis- avowed by this Grand Lodge, and that said Lodge is released from further obedience thereto. Eespectf ully submitted. Haevey Faebington, Master, Montauk Lodge-Rooms. \ Wm. E. Pbaese, Senior Warden, Brooklyn, May! W H Waein Junior Warden . A.-. L.\ 5862. ) ' Attest, J. L. Maecellus, Sec'y." IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 61 The Memorial was referred to the Committee on Griev- ances, who made the following report, which was adopted by the Grand Lodge, June 6, 1862 : " It is impossible for this Committee to discover the right possessed by the Grand Master or his Deputies to issue his or their mandates relative to the ornaments to be used in a Lodge-room. We can see the appropriateness of the letter G being exhibited in the East on conferring the Fellow Craft's degree, and we would recommend all English Lodges to use the one designated by the District Deputy Grand Master. German Lodges, however, should be authorized to use German Text, and Lodges of Hebrew or other nations should be authorized to put up any letter which shall serve to enlighten the candidate as to the object of his visit to the middle chamber. We know of no Masonic law that makes it obligatory that the letter G shall be placed behind the Master's chair at all times, either as an ornament or otherwise. Further, we can not find a Masonic precedent that makes the use of a triangular ornament irregular in a blue Lodge. In the Lodges in which we were made, by some means we found the lights of the Lodge placed in the East, "West, and South, in a triangular form, and our first three officers sitting in a like position; and during our attendance at this Grand Lodge, we have discovered the standards of Faith, Hope, and Charity placed in a triangle, and kept standing in that position during the whole session, thus far. If it be irregu- lar to display the Delta in a Subordinate Lodge, why should it be displayed in Grand Lodge ? And by what right do we display the 47th problem of Euclid in the Master's degree ? Your Committee see no impropriety in using any Masonic emblem as an ornament to a Lodge-room ; and as the triangle has been for ages used as a representation of light, fire, etc., and even in heathen countries as a symbol of Deity, we consider it an appropriate ornament for a Lodge- room, whether a blue Lodge or otherwise. We, therefore, in our judgment, conclude that the District g2 HISTORY OF PREEMASOKRY Deputy Grand Master had no right to order the ornament to be displaced, and would recommend that Montauk Lodge, No. 286, be authorized to use a triangle as an ornament to the Lodge-room, if the Lodge so desire. Hampton C. Bull, j John R. Andeeson, > Committee." H. Y. Allen, ) It was in the year 1862 that the Committee of which Past Grand Master John L. Lewis, Jr., was Chairman, presented a complete FOEM FOE INSTALLATION OF GBAND LODGE OFFICEES. This ceremony was prepared by the Chairman, and was adopted by the Grand Lodge (pp. 142-149, Proceedings, 1862), with few changes by the Committee. PEOPOSED EEDUCTION IN LODGE KEPEESENTATION. The condition of the Treasury about this time, if not alarming, was at least a subject of great anxiety to the offi- cers having charge of the exchequer of the Grand Body ; and many were the suggestions as to how the difficulty should be overcome. It was true the expenses were less than in the preceding year, total amount about nineteen thousand dollars, but the revenue had not increased, and there was a showing of nearly two hundred dollars on the wrong side of the ledger. One of the principal sources of expenditure was the pay of representatives ; and the mode of reduction in that line, which had been a question in 1861, was again brought to the front by the Grand Master in his address, inasmuch as the committee that had been appointed had divided, and presented a majority in favor of, and a minority against, the reduction of representation of Lodges. The Grand Master favored the reduction of expenses by lim- iting the representation, but could not agree with any plan that had been suggested by the committee. One plan was to amend the Constitution, so as to provide for the payment of a mileage and per diem each year, of only one half the 'zf*ir//z, £/&a£^ GRAND MASTER, 1806-1819. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 63 Lodges in the State, alternating first with the odd numbers of the Lodges upon the registry, and then the even num- bers. The Grand Master expressed the opinion, " that the effect of this would be to require one half the Lodges each year to be represented by proxy, or for the representatives to pay their own expenses, or to have them borne by the Lodges sending them, or else to remain without representa- tion. It was believed that such a plan would revive those local distinctions, parties, and prejudices which had twice, during the past forty years, produced a division of the Grand Lodge and its separation into distinct and conflicting organ- izations." The hope was here expressed that no provision should be incorporated into the fundamental law of the Grand Lodge, which should have the slightest tendency in this direction, and it was seriously believed that this plan would have such a tendency. The Grand Master stated that, " the Lodges and Fraternity of the State seem generally to entertain the same opinion, and I am not informed that it has been approved by the Craft to any considerable extent. It will, therefore, be for the Grand Lodge, unless it should differ with me as to its impolicy and adopt the report, to devise some other mode by which the representation may be reduced and the ex- penses curtailed. Among the plans, are the following, none of which, in my estimation, affords a system but what is liable to some objection, either as infringing ancient usages, as incomplete, or as impracticable in some detail ; but to- gether they will form a base upon which some perfect plan may be established : 1. Cut off the "Wardens as members of the Grand Lodge, or to those hereafter made such, as has been done in Ohio, Georgia, and Indiana. This project would reduce the num- bers in attendance upon the Annual Communications, and would, in some slight degree, reduce the expenses, but not in proportion to the reduction of members ; but it is liable to the objection, in the opinion of some, that it infringes upon ancient usages. 64 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY 2. Divide the jurisdiction into districts of five Lodges each ; each district to be entitled to one representative, who should be the Master of some Lodge, or a Past Master, and apportion the number of votes to each district according to membership, starting from a given number, retaining all Past Masters who were such in 1849, together with the Past Grand Officers. 3. Pay one representative from each Lodge, and the Grand Lodge officers, two dollars a day for each day's actual attend- ance upon the Grand Lodge, and their actual traveling ex- penses ; limit the Annual Communications to three days, requiring the election of Grand Officers to take place on the second day, with liberty to continue the sessions for a longer period, without expense of per diem on the part of the Grand Officers or representatives. 4. Strike out the allowance to Grand Lodge officers and representatives for the " two days, in going to and return- ing " from the Annual Communication, but pay the actual necessary traveling expenses. It will be perceived that this last proposition will save the Grand Lodge, in its annual ex- penses, several thousand dollars. Change the Grand Lodge fee, for every person initiated, from fifty cents, as it now stands, to one dollar, or to two dollars, as it stood in 1845. 5. On all questions where the vote is taken by a show of hands, limit that vote to the senior representative of the" Lodge present, with proper safeguards against the exercise of this right by others, and at the same time reduce the^w diem allowance to two thirds its present amount to each representative and Grand Officer." The Grand Master asseverated that there was not one of these plans but was liable to some objection, yet they were submitted with the design of forming bases upon which an intelligent committee might perfect a plan of limiting rep- resentation and reducing the expenses of the Grand Lodge. The minority of the committee, James M. Austin, op- posed a reduction in the number of representatives annually composing the Grand Lodge. First, because it was a viola- IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 65 tion of the Landmarks to interfere with the Master and" Wardens of Lodges in that capacity. That less than five hundred representatives attended the Grand Lodge, and such a number was not too great for healthy legislation ; thus, each and every Lodge has a voice in the making of laws for their own government. The minority stated : " The only other question which remains to be considered is that of the 'expense' attending the present system of representation. In this connection the question may very properly be asked : ' What are the Lodges taxed for, or for what is this large sum of money collected every year ? ' Not, as some have imagined, to. collect a large fund for charitable purposes, however noble and praiseworthy the principle of charity may be, and is admitted to be by every true-hearted Free Mason. The Grand Lodge is a governmental body, and for this alone were Grand Lodges established. The money collected from the Subordinate Lodges is to defray the necessary expenses of legislation for, and proper government of r the Craft. What is not needed for this object should be left with the Lodges, which are the legitimate and proper almoners of charity. And what is the principal inducement for Lodges to pay punctually their dues to Grand Lodge ? Is it not that they may be repre- sented at our annual gatherings ? Take away this stimulus, and what would be the result ? There would doubtless be a prevailing indifference as to whether the annual returns were made and dues "paid or not. Hence would result con- fusion and an entire ignorance of the condition of the Craft throughout the jurisdiction. Taxation without representa- tion is not held in much higher estimation by the American Free Mason than by the American citizen. It was one of the conditions of the ' Compact,' formed at the union of 1827, that ' representatives shall be paid as heretofore.' But the question may be asked, ' Is the income sufficient to pay so many representatives ? ' It is a law of the Grand Lodge that no representative can draw from the funds any more than is paid by the Lodge which he represents, and 66 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY fully one half of the Lodges pay something more than is drawn out by their delegates. The dues paid to the Grand Lodge for the thirty thousand affiliated Masons produce an income of $15,000. Add to this the fees for initiation and registry, for Dispensations, certificates, and diplomas, and you have a sure income of at least $18,000 per year. The sum paid to representatives has never yet exceeded $10,000. ¥ten the amount required to pay delegates becomes larger by an increase in the number of Lodges to be represented, the resources will increase in the same ratio. No serious constitutional changes should be made, espe- cially in the composition of the Grand Lodge, the very point of all the detestable conflicts of the last thirty years, with- out the plea of imperative necessity." The subject appears to have been buried among the rubbish of the Temple. MAKING A MASON AT SIGHT. The high prerogative of the Grand Master was exercised in 1862, in the matter of conferring the three degrees of Masonry at sight upon a plenipotentiary appointed by the National Government on an embassy to one of the imperial governments in the East Indies ; the object being to grant the officer power to create and establish fraternal relations with a people whose highest classes practice the rites of Masonry. THE RITUAL AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. A very able, painstaking Grand Lecturer, Frank W. Hop- kins, M.D., made researches which he embodied in a report, and presented it to the Grand Lodge in June, 1862. We extract some data of value, although some of the deductions are not entirely approved. " At the annual meeting of the Grand Lodge of England on the 24th of June, 1721, four years after the revival of Masonry and the formation of a Grand Lodge, among other IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 67 ' General Regulations ' then adopted, and by which the Craft have since been governed, we find the following : 'Every annual Grand Lodge has an inherent power and authority to make new regulations, or to alter these for the real benefit of this Ancient Fraternity, provided always that the old Landmarks be carefully preserved.' This pro- viso has frequently been reaffirmed by Grand Lodges formed since that time. Previous to the revival of Masonry in 1717, the lectures, or 'examinations,' as they were called, consisted of fifty questions ; but when used as a preliminary examination, they were reduced to fifteen. At this time Desaguliers and Anderson introduced a new formula, consisting of four- teen questions, which was used until 1730, when this was again remodeled and changed by Martin Clare. This arrangement, which received the sanction of the Grand Lodge, consisted of seventeen questions, and lasted but ten years, when, in 1740, it was superseded by an improved series, introduced by Dr. Manningham, which was com- posed of eighteen questions. This system continued in use until about 1760, when it was changed by Thomas Dunck- erly, whose arrangement contained only ten questions, and was used but a short time, Avhen, in 1763, this gave place to that of William Hutchinson. In 1772 William Preston first introduced his new ar- rangement, which he divided into three sections, each of which consisted of seven questions. He afterward remod- eled and extended the lectures to great length, and, to facilitate their acquirement, divided the first degree into six sections, the second into four, and the third into twelve. This arrangement continued to be used until the whole sys- tem was modified and arranged into that now in use in England, by Dr. Hemming, on the union of the two Grand Lodges in 1813. The History of Masonry in our own country, also, shows very clearly and conclusively that changes in the lectures, not by different individuals only, but by the same person, have not been unfrequent. 68 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY It will therefore be perceived that the lectures — and by- lectures, I desire to be understood as referring to the lan- guage used to express the ideas— have not been, and can not be, considered Landmarks ; otherwise the system of Martin Clare, in 1730, would not have received the approbation of the Grand Lodge so soon after the adoption of the ' General Regulations,' in 1721. "We have no evidence, of which I am aware, that the Ritual or Ceremonies have, in any essential particular, been changed since the revival of Masonry in 1717. Although in the minor and unimportant details many changes may have occurred, still, in the great and important features, it re- mains the same. By a careful examination of the several forms of the lectures, or 'examinations,' of which I have already spoken, it will be perceived that, however diversi- fied the language used may be, there is still a similarity of ideas pervading them all. The lectures, like all language, consist of words used to express ideas, which ideas, or, at least, a portion of them, are contained in the work, and, constituting as they do the Ritual, are unchangeable. It is true, different words may be used to express the same idea, but it is equally true that certain words only will express any given idea in a clear, comprehensive, and unequivocal manner. Words are con- stantly changing in their application to the expression of ideas, but the ideas themselves remain the same. "We only make use of different language, which, by common consent, has become changed in its meaning. Hence we conclude that the Ritual or Ceremonies, and the ideas therein contained, are Landmarks, and, conse- quently, can not be changed; but that the lectures, or words used to express those ideas, are not Landmarks, and may be changed." The report was one of value, and attracted attention. The District Deputies set forth many views in relation to the work and lectures, but bore evidence to the universality of the forms and ceremonies in New York as imparted by the IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 69 Grand Lecturer. Nevertheless, some Deputies and other officers labored strenuously for a change, and some even for the adoption of the work of the " Order of Conservators," Memphis Rite. The Deputy of the first district favored a return to primitive forms and ceremonies, thus : " "Would it not be well to retrace our steps, repeal all laws upon this subject, and let those who venerate the ' Ancient Landmarks,' resuscitate the quaint and pure work of olden times, relieved of all ' modern improvements ' and the inno- vations of enterprising, self -constituted lecturers ? A return to that normal state, it is believed, would be productive of a healthy condition of the Craft ; and wherever the so-called ancient York Masonry is practiced, we should not be subjected to the mortification of being refused admis- sion to Lodges, and achieving the unenviable distinction of being considered ' book Masons,' and impostors. It is to be hoped that the Grand Lodge will take some defi- nite action upon this vital subject, to the end that the true and ancient work may be practiced within the jurisdiction, and that not only a State, but national, uniformity may be attained, and that that harmony which is the strength and support of all institutions may be and remain with us ever- !Nbt withstanding, the Grand Lodge issued no new order as to Ritual. No less than six officers and past officers of the Grand Lodge died within a few months, in the spring of 1862, among them the Grand Pursuivant, Oren Brown ; the Past District Deputy Grand Master, Edgar C. Dibble ; and the following officers of station : EIGHT WORSHIPFUL JAMES HYDE, PAST JUNIOR GRAND WARDEN, was one of the Grand Stewards in 1861, and was Junior Grand Warden in 1854-56. He died at Richfield Springs, Otsego County, on May 1, 1862, at the age of sixty-eight 70 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY years. His body was buried with Masonic honors under the charge of Grand Marshal Amos H. Prescott. Brother Hyde " was a sincere lover of the principles of Masonry, and of its noble brotherhood of self-denying men." He served as Junior Grand Warden under the Grand Masters Joseph D. Evans and John L. Lewis, Jr. " He sleeps in the churchyard of his native village, surrounded by beautiful trees which were planted by his own hands with much care." It may also be recorded in this connection, that it was in May of 1862 that the EIGHT WORSHIPFUL JOHN HOBSPOOL, PAST GEAND TBEASIJBEE, died in the city of New York. The services of Brother Horspool as a Grand Officer were given during the strug- gling years of Masonry in 1844 to 1849, a period of five years, which he served as Grand Treasurer. As a Mason he was highly appreciated for his uprightness and integrity, and as a man for his candor and true-heartedness. was in command of a regiment of volunteers, and in the service of his country, when he received a sudden warning of a fatal disease, which insidiously and rapidly worked upon his system, and on the 18th of June, 1862, resulted in his death. Although a preacher of the gospel, he was early in the field, and in ready response to the call of the country which summoned her sons to the battle-field. Brother James H. Perry was an earnest and ardent Mason, active in various duties in the Grand Lodge of which he was Chap- lain in 1854 and 1855, and was ever ready to serve the Grand Body, which he temporarily did in the capacity of Junior Grand Warden, or in other stations where he could be utilized. THE EIGHT WOESHIPFUL JAEVIS M. HATCH, PAST SENIOR GEAND died in the summer of 1862, at the city of Kochester, New York. Brother Hatch was Junior Grand Warden in 1852 GRAND MASTER, 1820-1821, IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 71 and Senior Grand "Warden in 1853. He was known among his peers for his firmness and decision of character. His allegiance to the Fraternity was strong ; he was replete with accurate Masonic knowledge, and was deeply devoted to the great principle of justice to all men. His sincerity and zeal proved obstacles to his advancement of position, but he did more than yeoman's work as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Correspondence. It was in the midsummer of the year 1862 that the CORNER-STONE OF THE CHURCH OF THE SAVIOUR was laid in the city of Syracuse, New York, by Past Grand Master Finlay M. King, with Masonic rites. On the 2d of August, 1863, the Grand Master, with the assistance of the Grand Lecturer, Joseph B. Chaffee, and many brethren, laid the corner-stone of the Universalist Church in Buffalo. The ceremonial attracted great atten- tion, elicited favorable comment, and enforced a generous hospitality. 1863. THE PEACE THAT REIGNED in the great Fraternity was very elegantly expressed by the Grand Master in the following language : " In years that are passed and not very remote, we have been afflicted with many vicissitudes ; but through the mag- nanimity, forbearance, and devotion to the Craft on the part of many beloved brethren, some of whom are now around me, all our troubles have been happily healed, and the Fraternity of this State advanced to a proud and most influential position among the Grand Lodges of the world. That this happy state of facts should be maintained and perpetuated is the earnest desire of every member of the Craft ; but it should be remembered that individual exertion can alone be made to underlie the continuance of our pros- perity. The largest and most massive rock is formed of 72 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY. particles the most minute. No aggregate can exist unless made up of individuals. This being so, each of us is admon- ished that we have a solemn and imperative duty cast upon us. A pilgrim was once ascending the side of a mountain on a bright and beautiful day ; at his feet hurried a beautiful rill, gurgling music as it streamed along in its downward course, leaping from rock to rock, and its tiny spray dancing in the sunlight. ' Whither go you and whence came you ? ' said the traveler. ' Why not tarry and bask in the beams of this glorious sun?' The little voice of the streamlet replied : ' I have a solemn duty to perform. I am born of the dew-drops of the morning ; those little diamonds are my tributaries ; aggregated together we are hurrying onward in our mission. Behold, at your feet rolls a mighty river ! I, and such as I, pay our tribute to it, and swell its greatness : it, and such as it, make up the mighty ocean which you see afar off, upon whose heaving bosom floats the commerce of the world.' Let us all keep this little allegory in view while performing the important duties of the Craft, and then to it and to us the blessings of God will follow." The difficulties and malcontent that had for a long period controlled a large number of the members of OLD CHENANGO VALLEY LODGE had caused the Grand Lodge to reclaim the Warrant of that Lodge and to order a Dispensation to issue to a selected number of the members. The result was harmony, a healthy and prosperous organization, and the erection of a fine Hall. A sudden change of front on the part of the Grand Lodge was witnessed in the action and reversal in 1862 and 1863, wherein the Grand Lodge had ordered that the CONSTITUTION AND ALL AMENDMENTS SHALL BE BEAD once in every six months in each Lodge in the State, at the first Communication in the months of September and IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 73 March. Its impracticability, quickly became apparent, and the order was rescinded. It appeared greatly to the honor of the Grand Lodge, that, while it was providing funds for the BOAED OF BELIEF, it was likewise looking favorably and to the benefit of two Past Grand Officers, Ebenezer Wadsworth and Finlay M. King ; both were able, earnest, ardent Masons in their time, and had earned consideration from the Grand Lodge as well as the Subordinate Bodies. In the former case the widow of the more than octogenarian was not forgotten. In 1863 the funds of the Board of Belief were exhausted. In addi- tion to the $1,600 provided by the Grand Lodge, contribut- ing Lodges had subscribed $1,365.75, and of this total of $2,965.75, all except the cents had been expended. Legiti- mate applications had been largely increased by the unhappy divisions of the country, and Lodges had observedly declined to be free in their charity. A similar showing was apparent in the Masonic Belief Association of Brooklyn, whereby $1,454.78 had been expended. The sum of $1,500 was appro- priated on the 5th of June, 1863, for the city of New York, and the further sum of $1,500 for Brooklyn. A reorganization of the Board of Belief of New York was had on the 19th of December, 1864. Frederick "W". Herring was made President ; Boyal G. Millard, W. W. Bibbins, and William H. Waring, Yice-Presidents ; George E. Simons, Secretary ; and W. M. Negus, Treasurer. A plan was de- vised to prevent indiscriminate alms-giving at the door of a Lodge, and a systematic scheme was perfected ; a like course was pursued in Brooklyn. Other Boards of Belief had thus an excellent base to model from. $2,000 was set apart for the New York Board of Belief ; $400 for Buffalo ; $400 for Albany ; $600 for Brooklyn, West, and $200 for Brooklyn, East; and over $700 were specially donated in Grand Lodge by name. This total amount was increased in 74 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 1865 to $4,600. Of this sum $600 set apart for charitable relief to persons applying to the Boards of Relief in the city of New York and in the "Western District of Brooklyn was not used, and in the succeeding year that sum was retained for use under similar circumstances. In addition thereto, $5,000 was appropriated for the Board of Relief for 1866. MASONIC BURIAL SERVICE. The subject of a formal burial service had occupied the attention of the officers of the Fraternity for much time, and finally resulted in the presentation of a form by the Grand Chaplain, R. L. Schoonmaker, to be observed under certain restrictions. The form was brief, and is recited in the Proceedings of the Grand Lodge, the 4th of June, 1863, page 194. While for the time being this was adopted, the subject again came before a committee, of which Thomas S. Sommers was Chairman, who asked, in 1865, for further time to report ; but the committee, not taking any action, was dis- charged in June, 1868. Grand Master John J. Crane, in his address of June, 1863, forcibly called the attention of the Grand Lodge to that sec- tion of the Constitution which provided that dimission from a Lodge shall be the joint action of a member seeking to dimit and of the Lodge. The Grand Master asserted that in practice the theory did not commend itself to favorable consideration. "That there is no valid reason why a brother in good standing, if not a Master or Warden, who has discharged all of his pecuniary obligations to his Lodge, and so long as he leaves enough members to form a working Lodge, should not be permitted to dimit of his own volition, and without taking any vote whatever on the subject. It is impossible to enforce the regular attendance of a member of a Lodge IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 75 who has been foiled in his effort to withdraw from it, except by the service of a summons upon him previously to each communication. Even that compulsory process might be evaded by a brother, if he should so choose, without making him liable to the infliction of any penalty. If a brother has conscientious scruples, which, if disclosed, would involve the honor of his family, against associating with a member of his Lodge ; or from any other cause leading to the same result, what becomes the necessary effect? The brother either suffers his name to be struck from the rolls for the non-payment of dues, or pays dues for privileges which he can not conscientiously enjoy, and avoids attendance on his Lodge. Hence it is that the Craft loses the services of a good member, and virtually puts him out of the pale of association with a Lodge which he can call his own, by pre- venting his affiliation with one more congenial to his taste or his sense of propriety." This subject was considered by a committee of seven, who reported unanimously, " that it was for the welfare of the Lodge and the rights of the brethren, that dimission should not be a joint action, but the act of a member at his discre- tion ; " and so the Grand Lodge held. CAN A NON-RESIDENT BE A MASTEE ? A singular and pointed difference of opinion was brought before the Grand Lodge for decision in 1863, in consequence of the Grand Master having decided that members of a Lodge who were non-residents could not constitutionally be elected and installed as Masters of Lodges ; and thus those brethren who had been elected to preside over Lodges ISTos. 62, 241, 402, and 467 ought not to be installed or permitted to serve in such capacity, as they resided in a sister State. The "Warrants were severally transferred to the Senior Wardens. The subject went to a committee consisting of seven who in time were Grand Masters, five of whom made a majority report against the decision of the Grand Master, 76 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY and one a minority to sustain his decision. The majority report was upheld. The Master of one of the Lodges referred to was Brother William T. "Woodruff of Manhattan, No. 62, and by this Lodge there had been presented a Memorial, which also was referred to the committee. Brother Woodruff was a resi- dent of New Jersey, when he was made a Mason in 1858. He was elected Senior Warden in December, 1859, and Master in 1860, and unanimously re-elected in December, 1861 and in 1862. The majority of the committee reported : " It is believed by your Committee that the Ancient Land- marks of Masonry authorize and allow each and every mem- ber of a Lodge, with the qualifications hereinafter named, to enjoy all the rights, privileges, and immunities of any mem- ber thereof. This is a law in Masonry which has come down to us through the vista of unnumbered generations in the past, and certainly for nine centuries, if not since the time when the Roman Csesar visited England in the first century of the Christian era. Suppose, however, the rule was first established when the first General Assembly of Masons was held in Britain, in the tenth century ; we have a period of over nine hundred years, through all which time these rights, privileges, and immunities have been unques- tioned. We are confirmed in this belief by the Constitution of the Grand Lodge of New York, which incorporates many of the old charges and laws, and among them those which declare that : 1. ' All preferment among Masons is grounded upon real worth and personal merit only.' Charge 18. 2. ' That no one can be elected Master of a warranted Lodge (except at its, first election) but a Master Mason who shall have served as Warden.' Section 8, subdivision 19. 3. 'Every member in good standing is entitled to one vote, and every voter is eligible to any office in the Lodge, except that of Master.' Section 36. The exception here made has reference to subdivision 19 of section 8, which requires that the Master elect shall have IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 77 previously served as "Warden. This is the only exception or reservation. In all other respects each and every member is eligible to any office in the Lodge. The Memorialists in the case of Manhattan Lodge refer to the criticism made by the Committee on Foreign Corre- spondence of this Grand Lodge to the action of the Grand Lodge of ' Texas ' some years since, in attempting to remove from the Ancient Constitutions of Masonry the prerequisite of service as a Warden, before a member shall be eligible to the office of Master. One of the members of your Committee was the writer of that criticism ; but the Memorialists are mistaken about the Grand Lodge whose action was thus criticised. It was the Grand Lodge of Georgia ; and it then stood, and still stands, alone among the Grand Lodges of the United States which have thought proper to attempt this innovation, for they generally approved of that criticism as just and proper. And if the authority amounts to any- thing in the cases at issue here, it goes to show that there is no qualification whatever to the eligibility of a Master Mason to any office within the gift of a Lodge, as will be readily perceived on a moment's consideration. It argues that any member of the Lodge, whether he reside one mile or one thousand miles from the place of holding the Lodge meetings, or whether he reside in the same or in any other geographical or political section of the country, is equally eligible to office in the Lodge. So much for the common law, which is the universal law in Masonry. But an examination of the Constitutions of the Grand Lodge of New York, the action of this .body, and the decisions of the Grand Masters which have been approved by the Grand Lodge, will also show that the domi- cile of a member can have no effect on his rights and privi- leges, except in so far as local legislation has abridged these rights and privileges. The Constitution declares, as before stated, in effect, that every member is eligible to any office in any Lodge, except that he must have served as Warden. Grand Master Lewis decided, in 1859, ' That a Lodge may elect a Master duly qualified, who 78 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY resides out of the jurisdiction, if he be a member of a Lodge within it.' This decision was approved by the Grand Lodge. But, on the other hand, the Constitution declares, section 39, that a vacancy occurs when the Lodge officer removes beyond the jurisdiction. The decision of Grand Master King, in 1862, is to the same effect : that ' the permanent removal of a Master of a Lodge from this State to another, vacates his office, but not his membership in the Lodge.' The Constitution and the decisions last referred to, mean no more nor less than that such removal shall take place after the election of the Master ; for there can be no removal ' beyond the jurisdiction ' when the member's residence and domicile are out of the jurisdiction when he is elected ; and this non-residence must also be such as to render the officer incapable of discharging his official duties. And hence the Grand Lodge, by its Constitution, made this removal evi- dence of incapability to serve. Any other construction of the term ' removal ' would not only abrogate the Ancient Charges and Constitutions of the Craft, but would pervert and distort that phrase or word to a meaning which was never intended should be given to it. It is proper to say that, whenever the common law of Masonry is infringed — and by this common law we mean the old Charges and Ancient Constitutions and Landmarks — the statutes, regula- tions, or decisions changing it are to be strictly construed, and nothing is to be intended beyond what the plain language of these statutes, regulations, and decisions import. Hence, the word ' removal,' and all other words of similar import, are to be construed according to what they mean in common use. It was the design of your Committee to present, in this report, the opinions and decisions affecting the question now before us, from the Proceedings of the Grand Lodge during the past quarter of a century, all tending in the same direc- tion of the conclusions to which we here arrive ; but it will suffice to refer to the Transactions of 1847, at page 53 ; of 1848, at pages T3 and 74 ; of 1853 and of 1857, at page 110, where IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 79 the same principles are involved, either as defining Lodge jurisdiction, or placing restrictions thereupon. The Committee recommend 1. That each and every member of a Lodge in good standing is eligible to the office of Master thereof, with the single qualification that he shall have previously served as Warden. 2. That if such membership be constitutionally and law- fully acquired, he is personally not only under the jurisdic- tion of his particular Lodge, but of the Grand Lodge under which that Lodge hails, and that it is not necessary that either have territorial jurisdiction over the place of his domicile ; it is his Masonic and not his actual home which gives this jurisdiction. 3. Removal beyond the ' jurisdiction ' only destroys the right to office after it is filled, and must follow and notpre- cede the election, and the sole fact of non-residence is. no bar to an election. John L. Lewis, Jr., Finlay M. King, C. F. Paige, y Committee." Joseph D. Evans, J. W. Simons, Right "Worshipful Robert D. Holmes, from the same com- mittee, presented the following minority report. " To the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge : The undersigned, a member of the Committee on Jurispru- dence, etc., to which was referred that part of the Most Worshipful Grand Master's address which relates to non- resident Masters of Lodges, begs leave to make a minority report as follows : This portion of your Committee believes that a non-resi- dent Master of a Lodge is an anomaly which should be unknown to Masonry. That it is a like violation of the spirit of the Constitution and of good Masonic policy, that a Mason who is an actual resident of a foreign State should 80 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY be permitted to be elected to the Mastership, and afterward perform the functions of a Master, of a Lodge in the State. The Constitution inflicts (section 39, subdivision 3) a pen- alty on any Master who shall remove out of this jurisdic- tion ; and that penalty is, that his office shall become vacant and he be stripped of his powers. Why should this be, if it is not the direct intention of the Constitution to declare that Masters of our Lodges must reside in this jurisdiction ? It can not be claimed that this glaring anomaly may be pre- sented, that removal from the jurisdiction strips of office, and yet that a brother who resides out of the jurisdiction, and who never resided in it, can be clothed with the powers of that office. Good sense and sound reason appear to for- bid that any such illogical interpretation shall be put on the fundamental law. In the section referred to, ' death ' and ' removal ' have the same effect — they vacate the office. Every Master of a Lodge is eligible to the office of Grand Master, and hence to that of Deputy Grand Master. The compact which was made at the first union of Lodges in this State subsequently to the troubles of 1820, and in 1827, was declared to be ' a fundamental law of the Grand Lodge never to be disturbed.' This compact also declared certain things which have been embodied in our Constitution, in section 93. A perusal of that section will show that when it treats of different sections of the State, it means an actual and not a mere Masonic residence in such portions, on the part of the officials there named. The Grand Master must be chosen ' from the city, or within ten miles of the City Hall,' and the ' Deputy Grand Master shall be chosen from the country,' or vice versa. How, then, can a Master of a Lodge who lives in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Iowa, England, or China be eligible to the office of Grand Master, or Deputy Grand Master, on the fiction that he resides in either the city or country sections of this State, because he belongs to a Lodge in one of those sections ? Yet, says the old Charge, every Mason who has acted as the Master of a particular Lodge can be the Grand Master. How stands the matter in this point of view ? If you decide that a non- IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 81 resident Master of a Lodge here is not eligible to the office of Grand or Deputy Grand Master, you make a singular distinction between such and those Masters of Lodges who actually reside in this State. If you decide that a non-resi- dent Master of a Lodge is eligible to those offices, you clearly, in my humble judgment, violate section 93 in letter as well as spirit. These are a few legal reasons why the majority report should not be sustained, and why the Grand Master's deci- sion should be recognized as the law of this Grand Lodge. Underlying all this, however, is the great question of jurisdiction, which suggests itself in view of what I have already stated. I most earnestly hope that this Grand Lodge will not, by sustaining the majority report of your Committee, render itself liable to be accused by our sister Grand Lodges of an act which will inevitably be declared grossly inconsistent, and which, by the force of sound reasoning, must soon be repealed by its own action. In conclusion, I submit the following resolution : Resolved, The decision No. XVI. of the Most Worshipful Grand Master, John J. Crane, be declared to be the law of this Grand Lodge. Robert D. Holmes." GRAND OFFICERS. But little change in the personnel of the officers of the Grand Lodge had taken place in 1863, save in the election of Clinton F. Paige for Grand Master ; J. B. Yates Sommers for Deputy ; Orrin Welch was appointed Grand Marshal in place of Frederick W. Herring ; Jotham Post, Grand Stand- ard Bearer in lieu of Eobert G. Cornell ; Edmund L. Judson in lieu of Thomas S. Pope, Grand Sword Bearer ; The- ophilus Pratt in lieu of James Gibson, Senior Grand Deacon. CLINTON F. PAIGE, GRAND MASTER. The active Masonic life of Brother Paige may be meas- ured by the number of years that have passed since he was VOL. IV.— 6 82 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY permitted to behold the hieroglyphic light. All the paths of the great Brotherhood have been well trodden by him, and, from his apparent sturdiness of step and movement, those paths will be much further worn ere the day of rest and contentment will arrive. Brother Paige is not only a New Yorker by birth, but by all that makes life worth living. For many years his home has been at Binghamton, New York ; but his tendency to city life, as well as business,, brings him frequently to the metropo- lis. "While crossing the border of sixty-seven years (1894), he appears much younger, and in no wise has lost his elas- ticity of step, nor quickness of intellect. In the Institution of Masonry he became the warm friend of John Livy Lewis, under whose Grand Mastership Brother Paige first filled the important position of Junior Grand Warden in 1858, and was re-elected in the succeeding year. For the following two years 1860-61, he was elected Senior Grand Warden ; in 1862, Deputy Grand Master ; which was f ollowed by two years service as Grand Master, to wit, in 1863-64. He positively refused a third term. Nevertheless, for the succeeding twenty years the Communications of the Grand Lodge have always found him ready for service or counsel. Brother Paige was born in Dryden, Tompkins County, September 10, 1827, and was early designated "doctor" in consequence of the profession of his father. The father died in 1838, and was followed by the mother in 1844. Brother Paige was made a Mason in Syracuse Lodge, No. 102, in 1851. He was one of the original petitioners, in 1852, of Central City Lodge, No. 305, and remains a member of that Lodge. He was its first Senior Deacon ; was elected the Senior Warden, and, when the Charter was granted, was elected the Master. This office he retained for several years, and, indeed, until he became Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the State. Brother Paige was educated at Cortland Academy ; was admitted to the bar, September 5, 1848, five days before he was twenty-one years of age, but not sworn till later. He IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 83 was exalted in Syracuse Chapter, and, having affiliated with Binghamton Chapter, was elected High Priest, and so con- tinued for seven years. Companion Paige was knighted in Utica Commandery by " Old Peter Brewer," who, as usual, insisted on singing his hymn of "Jacob's Ladder," and ended with, "When we've been there ten thousand years, Bright shining as the sun, We've no less days to sing God's praise, Than when we first begun — No, my brother, not one moment — " all in the same breath. Subsequently Brother Paige organized Central City Com- mandery, and presided over it as the " Most Eminent Grand Master " for six years ; after which he affiliated with Malta Commandery of Binghamton, and, having been elected, was its Commander for several years. (For portrait see vol. iii. p. 558.) SOME STATISTICS. In 1853 the highest numbered Lodge was 288, and the number then working was 237. Ten years thereafter the highest number was 524, of which 476 were working Lodges. The income had increased in the same time from $13,145 to $19,845. The number of Masons had more than doubled. In 1862, 48 Lodges had more than 100 and less than 150 members. 14 " " '* " 150 " " " 200 " 6 " " " " 200 " " " 250 1 Lodge " " " 250 " " " 300 " In 1864 the number of Lodges had increased to 489, com- prising a membership of about 41,000. In the following year the number of initiations was 8,591, and 32 Dispen- sations for the establishment of new Lodges had been granted. In juxtaposition with the above, we find Pennsylvania with 174 Lodges and a membership of 13,988, the increase for the year being 977 initiations. The Lodge numbers, however, ran up to 343. 84 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY There was referred to the Grand Master in June, 1863, an incidental inter-State difficulty as to BRADFORD LODGE, PENNSYLVANIA, AND ELLICOTTVILLE LODGE, NO. 307, NEW YORK, which created a ruffle for a brief period, and was occasioned by the old-time difficulty of border Lodges interfering with State jurisdiction. The ambition of Bradford Lodge had overbalanced its discretion, and hence all intercourse with it by New York Masons was interdicted. CONSERVATORS OF MASONRY. During the passing years an eminent Mason of Kentucky, but possessing peculiarities in character, professed to have discovered, by his researches, what he called the true Preston "Webb "Work, and attempted to introduce it into various juris- dictions, frequently in opposition to the wishes of the Grand Lodge and leading Masons of the State. The Grand Conser- vator bound his followers to use all efforts to secure the adop- tion of his work by the various Grand Lodges. They called themselves the " Conservators' Association." A feeling of strong opposition sprang up among the components of many Grand Lodges, who denounced the scheme unsparingly. The Grand Lodge of Missouri made it a personal matter, and solemnly declared the Association a corrupt one, treasonable to the Institution of Masonry, and subversive of its sacred interests, honor, and perpetuation. It declared non-inter- course with its adherents, and adopted the following resolu- tion among many others : i " That the Grand Lodge under which Eobert Morris, the ' chief Conservator,' holds, or pretends to hold, membership, be respectfully and fraternally requested by this Grand Lodge to bring him to condign and merited punishment for the high crime with which he now stands self -convicted ; and that all our sister Grand Lodges be requested to join us IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 85 in this our solemn demand, and to co-operate with us in the total suppression of the criminal innovations of said Association." New York, through its Grand Lecturer, Joseph B. Chaffee, and others, took decided stand against any innovation of its work, stating it would not do " to imitate a former teacher of this work, by carrying the standard work in his memory and the Conservator's in his hand ; and that our friends, both in city and country, are beginning to understand the true character of the self-appointed Conservator." Thus giving evidence of the determinination to maintain the integrity and dignity of this Grand Lodge, and to tolerate no change in its work and lectures. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS ADOPTED, 1863. The Grand Lodge adopted the amendment to the Consti- tution, subdivision 6, section 82, so as to read : " To make a full and correct return to the Grand Lodge annually (pre- vious to the fifteenth day of May) of all the members of the Lodge, in the form hereafter mentioned in section — ." Section 121 was amended so as to read, "It is required of the Subordinate Lodges in each district to pay the neces- sary expenses of their District Deputy Grand Master, in- curred while in the discharge of his official duties in such district." CYPHER OE MNEMONICS. The following was the decision of the Grand Lodge in 1864 : " Resolved, That, in the opinion of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, the printing and publication in cypher or mnemonics of any portion of the Ritual of Masonry not purely monitorial, is a shameful departure from Masonic propriety, and a violation of Masonic obliga- tion, and receives the unqualified condemnation of this Grand Lodge." 86 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY In 1865 Deputy "William H. Bowe of the tenth district, anticipating serious consideration of a complaint incident to the use of the system of mnemonics, resigned his office, to which Brother Orson Hedding was appointed. 1864. EAPID MASONIC ADVANCEMENT. It is quite apparent that the Grand Officers were strug- gling to obliterate the practice of granting Dispensations to confer two or more degrees on a candidate in a~ single day. Importunities were incessant, but as persistently denied, and applications were becoming less numerous. A further ques- tion of moment, was to break down the barrier of right on the part of a brother to ABEEST THE INITIATION OE ADVANCEMENT of an applicant at any time prior to the conferring of the obligation. The Grand Masters were firm and decided, declaring that our whole structure was founded upon the principle of unanimity and concord ; and this can only be preserved by guarding sacredly the rights, and respecting, without suspicion or reserve, the Masonic conscience of every member. To this purpose, Grand Master Paige, in 1864, gave serious and lengthy comment. SOEEOW LODGES. Upon the death of Brother J. B. Tates "Sommers, the Grand Master, in announcing the same by circular, re- quested that Commemorative, or Sorrow Lodges be held by the brethren throughout the jurisdiction. This request was very generally complied with, and gave effect to a recom- mendation of the Grand Master, in 1864, for the permanent establishment of Lodges of Sorrow, commemorative of the virtues of our departed brethren, and thus demonstrate that m> GRAND MASTER, 1825-1829. , IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 87 the fraternal ties of our Institution are more powerful than death, and more enduring than the grave. EIGHT WOESHIPFTTL JOHN B. YATES S0MMEE8, DEPUTY GEAI&) MASTEE. The lamp of life was extinguished at the early age of thirty-five, of the loved Deputy Grand Master J. B. Y. Sommers. It was in November, 1863, that the end came to the victim of that insidious disease, consumption. In a eulogy, Grand Master Clinton F. Paige thus alludes, in 1864, to the loss of his Deputy : " Those who saw him at our last annual gathering, when he was chosen to the second office in your gift, would scarcely have dreamed that death had already marked him for its own. But a few days after the close of the ses- sion, and before the echoes of our meeting had faded from the ear, he was attacked with symptoms that unmistak- ably pointed to a fatal termination. A voyage to Europe proved to be of no avail, and in the early fall he returned to his family to prepare for the final parting on earth ; and though but in the years of his early manhood, when the world seems brightest, and hope weaves its most attractive phantasms in the human heart, he laid him down to die, with that pious resignation so well becoming a Mason, and which makes the man, even while yet on earth, but little lower than the angels. Of a singularly amiable disposition, acquaintance with him was but the precursor of admiration for his noble qualities, and warm and lasting friendship for so true a man. Exemplary in all the relations of life, gen- erous, gentle, and altogether unselfish, his estimation of, and devotion to, the Institution of Freemasonry was neces- sarily in keeping with those attributes of character." His life was gentleness and kindness. He held the highest office, save one, in the gift of the Fraternity, not as the prize of ambition, but a well-merited token of gratitude for 88 > HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY past services. Bright hopes were entertained of him for a long series of years of usefulness in the cause of universal brotherhood. He was ardent in all his undertakings, and gave to the profession of the law all the energies of a nature profoundly convinced of the truth that its powers should not rest in inglorious ease, but be devoted to the disseminar tion of the principle of the love of man and the love of God. " . . . His memory is the shrine Of pleasant thoughts, soft as the scent of flowers ; Calm as on windless eve the sun's decline ; Sweet as the song of birds among the bowers ; Rich as a rainbow, with its hues of light ; Pure as the moonbeams of an autumn night — Weep not for him ! " A recommendation was made in the Grand Lodge, " that a formula or ritual for a Lodge of Sorrow be prepared for the guidance of Lodges which may desire to pay this touch- ing tribute to the memory of their fraternal dead." The formula was ordered, prepared, approved, and promul- gated in 1865. GRAND OFFICERS. The election for Grand Officers was held on the 9th of June, and the officers generally of 1863 were re-elected, except that Robert D. Holmes was made Deputy Grand Master; Edmund L. Judson, Grand Standard Bearer; and Edward M. Banks, Grand Sword Bearer. The oft-suggested notion of a NORTH AMERICAN MASONIC CONGRESS loomed up on the vista in 1864. Grand Master William E. Sanford of Connecticut had been elected presiding officer at the general assemblage held in New York on the 5th of September, 1863, and Brother Pearl had been made Secre- tary, pro tern. The first session had been held in Chicago ; IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 89 vacancies in office filled at the meeting convened in New- York. At these earlier conventions it was stated "to be inexpedient to take any definite action as to the permanent organization of a congress till the state of the country would allow all the States to be represented." Brother Pearl, through the committee which had the general report in charge, concludes : " When the storm of battle shall be hushed, and the reign of reason and fraternal feeling shall succeed the reign of dis- cord and violence, we will hope for a season when the still small voice of Masonic charity may be heard. If a general convention of the Masonic Fraternity can be secured for deliberate counsel in relation to the fate and future of our once glorious, but now afflicted, country, we can cheerfully submit to its decision the question, so long agitated, of a permanent national organization of Freemasonry, for the welfare of the Craft, the country, and our common humanity." The Committee on Foreign Correspondence, in their report to the Grand Lodge in 1864, set forth, that there were two leading objections urged against a National Body by its opponents : 1. That it is clothed with powers dangerous to the State jurisdictions. 2. That it is a weak body, destitute of power and inherent vitality. New York appointed delegates to this congress at its first meeting, and when the proceedings of the congress were brought before the Grand Lodge, they were laid on the table without reading and without debate. LODGES TO BECOMMEND DISTKICT DEPUTIES. Grand Masters complained that little or no attention of the Lodges was given to the 115th section of the Constitution, 90 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY which set forth that each Lodge, in any Masonic district, may annually, before the first Monday in May, recommend, etc., a suitably qualified person to be appointed as District Deputy Grand Master for such district. Fourteen Dispensations had been granted during the year ending June 1, 1864. A unique act was performed by the Grand Lodge in pre- senting, for services rendered, an elegant case of surgical instruments to Past Grand Master Dr. John J. Crane. NELSON RANDALL, PAST GRAND MASTER. Brother Randall was a native of Herkimer County in New York State, but had been a resident of the city of Buffalo for over thirty years. He first saw Masonic light in West- ern Star Lodge, No. 239, in the year 1824. This Lodge succumbed to the anti-Masonic blast that swept over the land, and Masonry lay dormant in that locality until about 1844, when Brother Randall, with others, petitioned for a Charter, and Hiram Lodge sprung into existence in 1845. Brother Randall was second Master of that Lodge during the years 1847 and 1848. In 1850 he was one of the petitioners for Erie Lodge, No. 161, of which he was the first Master, he being at that time Deputy Grand Master of this State. With this Lodge he remained affiliated until his death. Although an unfortunate reverse in his circumstances re- quired the constant exercise of all his energies during the last few years of his life, and prevented his active participa- tion in the labors of the Fraternity, yet he was ever ready to- give advice and assistance to his brethren when opportunity offered. He died suddenly, of disease of the heart, on the 25th day of February, 1864, aged sixty-three years, and was buried by Erie Lodge, No. 161, with Masonic honors, the Masters and members of all the Lodges being in attendance, and the military of the city acting as an escort. He was ever the kind-hearted brother and courteous gentleman, and died as he Lived, the true Mason, regretted by ail who were IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 91 admitted to his acquaintance. His memory will ever be cherished by his brethren. " My sincere desire," said he, on retiring from office as Grand Master, " is to descend from this high position, and remain upon a level with my brethren, an humble workman in the building which we have erected to God, and dedicated to His holy name." Brother Randall was well known and highly respected for his sterling virtues and public usefulness, being at the time of his death one of the coroners of the county of Erie, and Major-General commanding the Eighth Division of the National Guard of the State. Brother Randall was Junior Warden in 1849, Deputy Grand Master in 1850 and 1851, and Grand Master in 1852, At the close of his term of office he declined a re-election. EBENEZEE WADSWOETH, GBAND SECEETAEY. Ebenezer Wadsworth was born November 19, 1778, at New Lebanon, in this State, and his first occupation in life was that of a merchant. He was initiated in Unity Lodge, No. 9 (then No. 17), July 1, 1802, and was passed and raised on the 13th of the same month. From that time forward, a period of sixty years, he evinced the same eager interest in Masonry as in the days of his younger manhood. Within a year from his initiation he became a Royal Arch Mason, and in 1804 High Priest of Lebanon Chapter, No. 13, and in 1805 a member of the Grand Chapter. At that convoca- tion he was appointed Grand Visitor (or Lecturer), and held that position for over fifty years, missing but one meeting of the Grand Chapter during that period. He was Grand Scribe in 1806, and Grand Secretary in 1825 and 1826. Dur- ing this time he was successively Master of Unity Lodge, No. 9 ; Wadsworth, No. 84 (extinct) ; Apollo, No. 48 (now 13) ; and since of Cohoes, No. 116 ; and Wadsworth, No. 417. In 1814 he was appointed by Most Worshipful De Witt Clin- ton, then Grand Master, a Grand Visitor, having in charge all the Lodges in sixteen river counties. This position, an 92 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY arduous one, embracing not only supervision, but instruction in work and lectures, he occupied until 1820. In 1823 he was chosen Grand Secretary, and was re-elected for two successive years. In 1843 he was delegate from this State to the Baltimore convention for promoting uniformity of work and lectures, and was the single dissenter in that body. Until the last months of his life he worked in Lodge and Chapter, as if the weight of fourscore years was not upon him. He passed away in September, 1863, and was buried with Masonic honors. Brother E. "Wadsworth was an aged and faithful servant of the Graft — faithful alike in the days of his early manhood, when the world had the bright attractions which youth ever sees in its varying phases ; faithful when the storm of perse- cution raged around our temples, and the firmest lips were blanched with fear ; faithful when the snows of more than eighty winters were gathered in silver tokens upon his brow, and the palsying grip of poverty made feebler the tottering step, and added its sorrows to the multiplied cares of a long and active life. At last the welcome summons came, and in the quiet rest of the grave he knows no longer the tears and the strife of the world. THE OLD CHAKGES OF 1721. The Committee on Jurisprudence in June, 1864, had their attention called to the fact, that, in printing the preface to the Constitution of New York the Old Charges were those of the Grand Lodge of England. The Committee thought it would be better to substitute in lieu of these the Ancient Charges in the Constitution of 1721. A resolution was consequently adopted that, in the next published edition of the Constitution, the Old Charges of 1721 be published instead of those of 1738. (These Old Charges will be found in pp. 17-29, vol. i. of this History.) The custom of granting Dispensations for new Lodges, IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 93 which had been looked upon with disfavor for a long time, was revised so far as the establishment of COPERNICUS LODGE was concerned. It was argued there was but one Lodge in "Williamsburg, in a German population of nearly 30,000. Copernicus Lodge was accordingly established to aid the opportunity of attendance, and was given number 545. PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATION. The fruitful subject of questions for the Grand Master to answer, was to desire him to decide special cases of maiming or other personal defect that might disqualif y candidates for Freemasonry. The ground assumed was a strict construc- tion of the regulation, but opportunity in every case was seized upon to disabuse the minds of the questioners that the Grand Master bad any more power to permit a departure from the strict letter of the Constitution than the humblest Mason. AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION IN 1864. Subdivision 8, section 100, was amended to read: "For every person initiated into a Lodge, $3.50 ; three dollars whereof shall be appropriated to the increase of the Hall and Asylum FvmdP Section 60 was amended to read: "When charges are preferred in a Lodge against a member or ' a non-affiliated Mason, Commissioners shall be appointed in like manner from among its members, by the Master in the Chair, and the trial be conducted, in all respects, like the preceding, so far as the same is applicable, subject to a like appeal." Section 52 of Title IX., Part 1, of the Constitution, was repealed. 94 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Section 22 was amended so as to read : " A Lodge has power to initiate, pass, and raise but five candidates at the same time; nor shall the third degree even be con- ferred in a less interval than four weeks from the time of initiation, except by Dispensation from the Grand Master or his Deputy, nor without proof of proficiency before advance- ment." 1865. ST. CECILE AND THE GEAND LODGE. The Grand Lodge in June, 1865, met at the rooms Wo. 446 Broadway ; it was in the afternoon, and, after the usual routine of opening and other perfunctory duties, it warmly received the address of the Grand Master, Clinton F. Paige, who announced many matters of action taken by him inter regnum of the Grand Lodge sessions, among which was the granting of a Dispensation to a Lodge to be known as St. Cecile, composed entirely of musicians and artists, whose business pursuits occupied their evenings, and who were therefore deprived of the privileges of Lodge attendance. They were authorized to hold their Communications in the daytime exclusively, and their labors, to a certain extent, had justified the confidence reposed in them by the Deputy Grand Master in granting the Dispensation. The opening service of the Grand Lodge had evinced the propriety of the act as a favorable one. A very just and handsome compliment was paid to the Grand Lecturer, Joseph B. Chaffee, for the thoughtful, im- pressive, and admirable manner in which he had discharged the arduous duties of his office. A GEAND LODGE IN ITALY AND A GEAND LODGE IN NEVADA were presented for admission by the Grand Master, within the circle of recognized Grand Lodges. This was assented IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 95 to as to the Grand Lodge of Nevada, but declined as to that of Italy, by the Committee on Foreign Correspondence, on the ground that it claimed the right of constituting Lodges in all parts of the world, a right which could not be con- ceded. The local municipal ceremonies incident to THE DEATH OF PRESIDENT ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President of the United States, were participated in by the members of the Fraternity, by taking a prominent position in the street procession. Over five thousand of the brethren, in regalia draped with crape and evergreen, participated. THE NUCLEUS OF A LIBEAET took form in pursuance of the remarks of the Grand Master in his Annual Address, that a proposition had been made to the Grand Lodge to accept the custody of the Masonic library owned by the Cosmopolitan Library Association. The library had been purchased with the contributions of the Craft, and placed in the hands of Trustees. The books were lying in store; subsequently, on motion of Brother Clinton F. Paige, it was " resolved, that the Grand Lodge accept the custody of the Cosmopolitan Library, and that it be referred to the Grand Master to make such disposition in regard to it as to him may appear just." An attempt was made to establish greater symmetry and order between the LODGES AND CHAPTERS IN MASONRY as to the work,* and aiming at a change in that of the Grand Lodge to make it conform to, and correspond with, the work or ritualism of the Grand Chapter, as nearly as 96 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY may be, wherever there existed a similarity of expression. The. Grand Lodge, however, gave little heed to the sugges- tion, and pursued its usual course of requiring the standard work. During the disastrous CONFLAGRATION IN BUFFALO, in the winter of 1864-65, the two Masonic Halls, occupied by Washington Lodge, No. 240 ; Modestia, No. 340 ; Queen City, No. 358 ; and Ancient Landmarks, No. 441, were unfortunately destroyed. The brethren deprived of their Lodge-rooms met with the brethren who occupied Masonic Hall, 220 Main Street, and were furnished with as ample accommodation as could be, where so many different bodies were obliged to occupy the same hall. The brethren, feeling the want of more ample accommodation, resolved to unite and build a hall; they accordingly applied to the legisla- ture, and succeeded in obtaining a liberal charter for that purpose. Notwithstanding the determined opposition of the Grand Officers not to further multiply the number of Lodges, and which in two years was entirely lost sight of, circum- stances presented themselves so urgently that they caused the granting, in 1865, of a DISPENSATION TO FESSLER LODGE which was intended to accommodate many Germans, who were to be permitted to work in the German language. This placed one more Lodge under the jurisdictional care of Brother G. F. Bauer, who had charge of the German, French, Spanish, and Italian Lodges located in the first, second, and third districts. This Latin district, established in 1861, was found in May, 1865, to consist of twenty Lodges, as follows : IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 97 m B P la LODGES. 12 54 86 179 182 199 202 232 268 279 304 356 512 545 U. D. GERMAN. Trinity German Union Pythagoras German Pilgrim Germania Harmony Zschokke Navigator Hermann King Solomon Schiller United Brothers Humboldt Copernicus Pessler 17 373 410 387 542 CONSTITUTED. March April April March Sept. Oct. Aug. July June Oct. Jan. June June June 23, 1795 14, 1819 2, 1841 27, 1850 2. 1849 12, 1849 15, 1851 7, 1851 23, 1852 81, 1852 21, 1853 14, 1855 3, 1861 15, 1864 FRENCH, L'Union Erancaise , La Sincerity , La Clemente Ami'ti^ Cosmopolite. SPANISH. La Praternidad Garibaldi . Dec. 26, 1797 July 5, 1855 June 4, 1857 June 16, 1856 June 11, 1864 81 118 77 111 99 79 61 63 176 116 49 143 113 34 27 1,347 50 22 28 40 1,520 o w 40 4 8 7 3 A change was made in THE ELECTION OF GRAND OFFICERS for 1865. Kobert D. Holmes was placed in the Grand East, and the Senior Grand "Warden, Stephen H. Johnson, was made the Deputy Grand Master; James Gibson was pro- moted from Junior to Senior Grand Warden ; John E. Ander- son was elected Junior Grand Warden ; Charles L. Church, who had served for twelve years as Grand Treasurer, was vol. rv. — 7 98 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY re-elected, but died on the 22d of June following, and John "W. Simons, Past Grand Master, was appointed to fill the vacancy ; James M. Austin, M.D., was re-elected Grand Sec- retary ; the Reverend Brothers R. L. Schoonmaker, Charles L. Piatt, and Ferdinand C. Ewer were appointed Grand Chaplains ; Orrin "Welch was retained as Grand Marshal ; Edmund L. Judson as Grand Standard Bearer ; and Henry Clay Preston as Grand Sword Bearer. The Deacons were "William T. Woodruff and George H. Raymond, and the Grand Lecturer, Joseph B. Chaffee. ROBERT D. HOLMES, GRAND MASTER. The Grand Master of 1865-66 was one of strong convic- tions, and, with the manful courage to battle in every case wherein he deemed he was right, he was much admired for his determination of character. He was self-made and self- reliant. Robert D. Holmes was born in the city of 'New York. He wasj in boyhood, a pupil in Public School No. 3, and his school education closed as a member of the ninth class. His boyhood was a constant struggle for life and light, under great obstacles. He fought and conquered in the race of diligence, and had his reward. Soon after coming of age, he was employed by Henry Eckford as his private secretary, and with him visited Europe, and traveled several years abroad. On his return he prosecuted the study of the law as a profession, in the office of "William Jay Haskett, Esq., and soon after his admission made rapid advances with his brethren of the law, finally securing the intimate friendship of some of the leaders of the profession. He was the warm and frequent companion of the Honor- able Judge James T. Brady, whom he made a Mason at sight ; of Jerome Buck, John "W. Simons, et rarce awes ; and, as a lover of the histrionic profession, could be found in the close companionship of Brother Edwin Forrest and others prominent in the exposition of mimic life. But it was in X o I en O 33 O I O IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 99 the Masonic Fraternity that his friends knew him best and longest. From his entrance to Masonic light to his closing breath, he left an enduring record of activity in Masonry. He was Master of a Lodge without serving as a "Warden, having been Master of the Lodge under Dispensation, and subsequently elected and installed its Master on the Lodge receiving a Warrant. He was repeatedly elected Master afterward, and had the distinction of being the only Grand Master of this jurisdiction who was never a Warden of a Lodge. Upon his death the Craft missed him ; his loss was felt in the Lodges, among the Master Builders, in Masonic journal- ism, and, more than all, in the Grand Lodge, and among the devoted friends of that noble charity, the Asylum, which, by his death, lost one of its earliest, as well as most constant, friends and benefactors. Robert D. Holmes wrote his own eulogy in the record of his career as a devoted and zealous Craftsman. Whatever he undertook, he did with all his might ; and it may be truly said of him, that, whatever his errors, his earnest devotion, his indefatigable labors for the cause we profess, have many times effaced them. As Master of a Lodge, as District Deputy, as Deputy Grand Master, and finally as Grand Master of Masons, he sought always and ever to uphold the dignity of the Craft, and promote the true interests of the Body. Gifted with fertile genius and a ready pen, he held them always at the service of the Brotherhood, and rarely yielded to the ever-present temptation of turning the infinite power of the press to the voiding of personal enmities. The very last article written by him was a graceful tribute to the memory of Brother Merriam, published in the same issue with the announcement of his own death, which came upon him almost without warning. It is stated that his last words were, when struggling for breath, " And this is death ! " He died the 12th of March, 1870. His burial was in Greenwood Cemetery, near the city of ]STew York. An Emergent Communication of the Grand Lodge was called, which was presided over, in the absence 100 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY of Grand Master James Gibson, by tbe Deputy, John H. Anthon, who also conducted the funeral services at the grave in a most touching and impressive manner. In closing his fraternal eulogy, he said : " Our Master has been taken from us ; but while he lived he gained the love of his brethren, and that love gave smiles to his time of departure, and flowers to his resting place. So live that we may win such love, and die looking back on a life not lived in vain, and forward to the assured hope of an eternal rising." MAKING A MASON AT SIGHT. The making of Judge James T. Brady a Mason at sight provoked much comment, and the old York Constitution was called into authority. The following from the pen of the English Masonic historian, Brother William James Hughan, will be read with interest : " There was no such thing as ' Making Masons at Sight ' under the old York Constitution. The custom was for the first and second degrees to be given at the next meeting after the proposition ; and on another ballot, at the next meeting of the Lodge, the third degree was conferred. The authority of the Grand Lodge was affirmed over the ' first degrees or orders of Masonry,' i.e., Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft, Master Mason, Knights Templar, Sublime Degree of Boyal Arch. The Royal Arch was evidently considered the climax of Freemasonry, and superior to the Knights Templar, and neither of these two degrees was considered to be the pre- requisite of the other. The Grand Lodge of all England, held at York, was the only one that recognized Knight Templary in Great Britain, and it was only of short dura- tion." POWER OF A GBAND MASTER TO ORDER A COMMISSION to try and sentence an unaffiliated Mason during the recess of the Grand Lodge. A decision by the Standing Committee on Appeals in IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 101 1865 was sustained in the case of an appeal of an accused unaffiliated brother, Fitzgerald Tisdall, charged with falsely asserting that a Grand Officer was guilty of blasphemy ; and secondly, for giving publication to a caricature of the third degree. It was urged that the Grand Master had no power to order a commission for the trial of the accused; but the Grand Lodge in 1865 decided that " by the Constitution of this Grand Lodge, it is enacted, ' that a Mason, who is not a member of any Lodge, is still subject to the disciplinary power of Masonry.' (Sec. 8, sub. 24.) This may be exer- cised by a Blue Lodge, but the power of dispensing Masonic justice is inherent in the Grand Lodge, and it can never part with it with a due regard to the preservation not only of its purity, but its dignity. Scarcely an Annual Communication is held but resort is had to its authority over this subject ; and not only have expelled and suspended Masons been restored to all the rights and privileges of Masonry, but cases have repeatedly occurred where accused members, found guilty, have, through the infliction of its final judgment, received a penalty adequate to the crime. A remarkable instance of this occurred only two years since, upon an appeal by the accused from a sentence of suspension. This Grand Lodge, on hearing the case, actually inflicted the penalty of expul- sion on the appellant for the offense of which he had been convicted. It is well understood that the power of the Grand Lodge on this subject is far more searching and extensive than that of the Blue Lodge, as the latter can only, at the most, expel from membership in the Lodge, while the former can exscind from all the rights and privileges of Masonry. This necessarily follows from the fact that ex- clusive jurisdiction over Masons, affiliated or otherwise, has never been granted to Blue Lodges ; and our Constitution, from excessive, though unnecessary, caution, expressly or- dains that 'all governmental powers, whether executive, legislative, or judicial, not expressly delegated by the Grand Lodge, are. inherent in and reserved to it, as the supreme governing body.' (Constitution, sec. 13.) 102 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY " It is also ordained that, during the recess of the Grand Lodge, the Most Worshipful Grand Master ' may exercise all its executive functions.' (Constitution, sec. 40, sub. 6.) "The Grand Lodge, during its Annual Communication, has, therefore, the most unquestioned power to discipline an unaffiliated Mason residing within its jurisdiction ; and the Most Worshipful Grand Master, possessing the same power during the recess, had full authority to order the trial of the accused." The Grand Lodge defined that the expression " within ten miles of the City Hall," Kew York City, as mentioned in the Constitution and Regulations, did not apply to the Counties of Richmond and Westchester. 1866. THE ACTIVITY OF THE BEAPEE. The register of Lodges in this year reached 578. Out of this number there answered to roll-call, June 5th, at the Annual Communication held in Irving Hall, 515. Repre- sentatives of sixteen Grand Lodges and Grand Orients, besides two Grand Visitors, were also present. One of the first subjects to which the assembled Frater- nity gave consideration, was the loss in officers since the last session. CHARLES L. CHTJECH, GRAND TEEAStJEEE, had served the Grand Lodge as its financial custodian for nearly thirteen years. He took this responsible position in 1853, and served with faithfulness, unusually beloved for his endearing qualities, until the 22d of June, 1865, when death claimed him for his own. A more zealous, devoted, and faithful officer the governing body had never possessed. The Grand Master, Robert D. Holmes, performed the im- pressive Masonic service over his remains, and remarked IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 103 that he felt "proud that the funeral honors should be. accorded to one who, by reason of his virtues, was so emi- nently entitled to receive them, and regretted that we were forced to part with so true a Craftsman and so just a man." There was another zealous in the performance of his duty, and who was scrupulously honorable in the discharge of his trusts, EIGHT WORSHIPFUL GEORGE W. RAY, Deputy of the third district, beloved by all, and known so well for many years to all brethren. He had been a sufferer for many years ; his strength was gradually waning, when he sought for increased health in the island of Cuba. Find- ing but little benefit, he took passage for home, but, died at sea on the 16th of April, 1866. The officers of the ship were brethren who ministered to his wants, and gave him gentle consolation. In compliance with his wishes, his body was brought to New York, and the Grand Master took charge of the ceremonial of burial. Personal friendship calls for a quotation of the just eulogistic remarks used on the occasion : " For years his deep solicitude for the Craft, his knowl- edge of Masonic law, his devotion to justice, his strict and impartial discharge of the duties of his important office, had been the subject of pleasant and laudatory remark by those to whom he was accountable, and justly appreciated by those who were subjected to his disciplinary action ; for all know that whatever he did was done from the purest of motives and the most exalted sense of his duty to God and the Craft. Gentleness and geniality were, in his character, happily mingled with inflexibility of purpose and firmness, and these qualities he brought to bear in the execution of all things which he deemed to be right. The last act of his pure life was to donate $500 to the Hall and A,sylum Fund, and he now stands on the list of contributors the high- est individual benefactor, excepting our Brother Edwin Forrest." 104 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY His memory will be ever kept by the brethren as a precious heritage ; as of one around whose heart " . . . ties were spun Which would not, could not, be undone." The Deputy of the twelfth district, EIGHT W0ESHIPEUL OESON HEDDING, was a brilliant officer, who had succumbed ,to disease on May 3, 1866. The Fraternity were also, in this case, called to lament that the undeniable mandate should take so estimable a brother from their councils and their hearts. The Grand Master placed his name on historic record for unusual zeal and Masonic ability, and for the general respect entertained for his devotion to the Craft. SECEECV OF THE BALLOT. The outspoken opinion of Grand Master Robert D. Holmes as to the secrecy of the ballot created more than usual excitement, so thoroughly imbued had the brethren become as to the sacredness of secrecy in the revelation of a vote. An entirely new thought seemed to come over the views and judgment of the brethren, and a new light dawned upon them. The old prejudices seemed to fade into a mist, and finally into a clear sky, as they thought of possible advantages from not exacting secrecy as to the ballot. The following views were set forth by the Grand Master : "I believe that this expression simply means that no brother shall be questioned as to, or in any manner be made to disclose, whether he cast a white or a black ball ; but the manner of his balloting is to be kept secret unless he chooses to disclose the fact that he voted adversely to the admission of a candidate, and then he must take the consequences of having done so from an unmasonic or unmanly motive. I have reflected deeply upon this subject, and have conversed IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 105 upon it with many -well-informed brethren, and can not perceive any evil that can result from the disclosure by a brother that he has cast a black ball. On the contrary, in all cases of unintentional wrong, mistake, or even of sus- pected mistake, it is but just and proper that the party who deems himself mistaken should be permitted to state his error. Some have assumed that such a course might disturb the harmony of the Lodge. I think that the very contrary effect would be the result. A brother who had proposed a candidate who had been rejected, would much rather hear that he had been rejected through error than to have him stand stamped for six months, and perhaps forever, as unworthy of associating with Masons. I am pained to say that cases have come to my knowledge, and to that of many others now before me, where members of Lodges, whose candidates have been rejected out of revenge, laboring under a vague suspicion as to the brethren who cast the rejecting balls, have cast black balls against all candidates thereafter proposed, without knowing their social positions or qualifications, and in some cases without even knowing the candidates personally or by reputation. If such conduct as this, by which the good names of men are assailed, and a stab at character given in the dark, is to be the sequel of suspicion as to the first referred to black ball, it would be far better that the dastardly acts should be leveled against the candidates of the one who had cast the offensive ballot, rather than that those of the many should be struck at in the haze of surmise or suspicion." A committee consisting of four brethren who were, or afterward became, Grand Masters, presented the following as their conclusion and judgment on this subject : " The rules properly applicable to the subject have long been well settled ; some of them it may be unwisely, but we believe none of them injuriously. Without pausing, there- fore, to affirm or deny the positions of the Most "Worshipful Grand Master, we prefer to content ourselves with the expo- sition of the law as it is, as the soundest, and safest rule, and it is to repeat the language of subdivision 12 of section 8 : 106 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY ' That the ballot for candidates or for membership is strictly and inviolably secret.' " FOREIGN GRAND BODIES. The Grand Lodge held opposite jurisdictional views from those promulgated by the Grand Lodge of Italy, and there- fore did not exchange representatives ; but its amity was extended to the Grand Orient of France ; the Grand Lodge of the Three Globes, at Berlin, Prussia ; the Grand Lodge of Frankf ort-on-the-Main ; and the Grand Lodge of Zur Eintracht of Hesse Darmstadt. Brother William T. Woodruff reported a COMPILATION OF ALL DECISIONS OF GRAND MASTERS on questions of law and usage during the preceding fifteen years, which was declared of great value, and met with gen- eral commendation. THE APRON MEASUREMENT was defined to be fifteen inches wide, fourteen inches deep, with a flap measuring six inches from the top of the apron to the point of the flap. The apron should be squarely cut, the flap of triangular shape, and the whole perfectly plain. LODGES MAT HOLD REAL ESTATE. The Senior Grand Warden, James Gibson, a State Senator, procured the passage of a bill through the legislature in 1866, which enabled individual Lodges to hold real estate through trustees. This, of 'course, did away with all neces- sity for Lodges applying for corporate powers. Several Lodges in this State were holding real estate under such powers ; but it was deemed better that all such should cease their corporate existence, and take advantage of this enabling IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 107 act. The reasons for this were apparent. One strong argu- ment in its favor was, that all Lodges in any given jurisdic- tion should stand on the perfect level of equality ; and the second, that no Lodge should have any existence save that which is derived from its Warrant. If an incorporated Lodge should offend against the laws of the Fraternity, the Grand Lodge might reclaim its warrant, and such a Lodge still exist, as a Lodge, under its act of incorporation ; and the general laws of the State would sustain it, no matter how in- defensible its position toward the Grand Lodge might be, so long as it would refrain from any act violative of its corpo- rate existence. (See copy of Act, post.) All Lodges that had incorporated by special act, were recommended to surrender said act, and take the necessary steps to enable them to have the benefit of the new law. NEW LODGES. Twenty-nine Lodges under dispensation had been war- ranted during the year, and Dispensations granted for thirty- six additional ones. The Grand Secretary announced a membership of 50,200, and that the initiations, 10,889, and affiliations 1,203, for the year ending June 1, 1865, amounted to 12,062. The receipts were $36,584.29. The Grand Mas- ter with much pride said, in closing his address : " With the dawn of peace in our Masonic family there came the fore- cast of that respect which was due to us as the largest body of Masons in these States. Our subsequent course has evoked the admiration of the Grand Lodges of the world, and they have accorded to us the dignified station which we justly claim." THREE GRAND REPRESENTATIVES. Three prominent Masons were received and accredited as Eepresentatives of Grand Masonic Bodies, to wit : John W. Simons, as of the Grand Orient of France, and the Grand Lodge of Washington Territory; Charles F. Bauer, as of the Grand Lodge of the Three Globes of Berlin, Prussia ; 108 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Andreas Cassard, as of the Grand Lodges of Cuba and Dominican Kepublic, New Grenada, Venezuela, and Chili. A COLORED INCIDENT. A man of color, claiming to hail from the State of New York, was permitted to establish negro Lodges in North Carolina without remonstrance, which was gradually lead- ing to a declaration of non-intercourse with New York State ; but, fortunately, no official action was had, and the incident passed. The Grand Officers of 1865 were re-elected in 1866. In the place of Brother F. A. Eichshoffer, William T. Anderson was appointed a Grand Steward. THE GEAND LODGE OF THE THREE GLOBES. CHRISTIANITY AND UNIVERSALITY. The subject of ostracism of Hebrews by the Grand Lodge of the Three Globes, Berlin, Prussia, frequently met with consideration by the Grand Lodge of New York ; in 1866 five prominent Masons memorialized the Grand Lodge in relation thereto. The matter went to a special committee of three, who reported, requesting the representative of the Grand Lodge of the Three Globes to correspond with that Masonic power, and urge upon it a reversal of its unjust decree against the professors of any particular faith, as con- trary to the doctrines of Masonry, and a great wrong to a large and respected portion of our constituents. Brother Charles F. Bauer was the representative. Brother Marat, the Nestor of the Berlin Grand Lodge, who had been for seventy-five years a Mason, died October 12, 1865 ; for sixty years he had been an officer of that Grand Body, which had a constituency of 103 Lodges with 11,800 members, and was governed by sixty active and 659 honorary members. The Grand Master, Brother Von Messerschmidt, had presided for eighteen years. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 109 To more thoroughly comprehend the subject of Judaism and Christianity as connected with the Grand Lodge of the Three Globes, which was in times past, and possibly in times to come will be, a subject of question and intercession, it is well to look into the origin of that Grand Lodge. "We accept Brother Oetzel, a former Grand Master, as authority. Frederick the Great, heir apparent to the throne of Prussia, formed a Masonic Lodge in his palace at Kheinsburg, over which Baron Von Oberg, Master of a Lodge at Hamburg, presided. On the return of Brother Yon Oberg to Hamburg in November, 1739, the Crown Prince assumed the govern- ment of the Lodge, and, after ascending the throne, removed it to his palace at Charlottenburg. This Lodge was without name, but was subseqently alluded to as Loge Premiere, also as Loge au Roi notre Grand Maitre. In 1740 a small number of Masons applied to the king for permission to form a Lodge. They received a charter, Novem- ber 9th of that year, by the name of Aux trois Globes, and adopted a Constitution modeled after that of the Grand Lodge of England. The latter acknowledged the Lodge at once, under the plea that the king, being naturally Grand Master in his own dominions, was fully authorized to consti- tute Lodges therein. The Lodge soon gained in extent by affiliation of the Loge Premiere, which ceased to exist in December, 1740, and also by initiation, so that in 1741 it numbered ninety-six members. In 1744 the Lodge, by consent of the king, assumed the title of Grand Royal Mother Lodge, Zu den drei Welikugeln (Three Globes) ; its presiding officer continued to be designated as Master. Up to 1747 the Lodge, with the consent of the king, had granted Charters to six daughter Lodges. The origin of the Grand Lodge Eoyal York of Prussia dates from the year 1760. During that year the mother Lodge granted a charter to the Lodge Aux trois Colombes (The Three Doves), from which subsequently sprang the before-named Grand Lodge. In 1761 this Lodge changed her name to De VAmiUe aux trois Colombes. In 1761 the Lodge Concorde, which had been chartered by the mother 110 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Lodge in 1747, granted a Charter for the formation of a new Lodge, against the earnest remonstrance of the mother Lodge. Unfriendly feelings resulted therefrom. A recon- ciliation, however, took place between the three Berlin Lodges during the same year. The Lodge Concorde agreed to return to the mother Lodge, and abstain in future from granting Charters to form new Lodges. The year 1761 also witnessed for the first time the election of a Grand Master in the mother Lodge. In 1762 the higher degrees of the Clermont System were introduced in the mother Lodge and in two of her daughter Lodges. This Avas soon followed by the introduction of other higher degrees. Dissensions resulted therefrom, and for the first time the term " system " was used to designate the various rites- which had sprung into existence. The Lodge Z' Union, chartered by the mother Lodge, worked according to the Scottish Eite. The Lodge De VAmitie separated from the mother Lodge in 1765, initiated the Duke of York, the eldest brother of King George I. of England, and through his influence ob- tained a Charter from the Grand Lodge of England, on the 24th of June, 1767, under the name of La Royal York de VAmitie, No. 330, adopted the English Ritual, but worked the higher degrees according to the French Kite. Particular signs were introduced in the Lodges, and these clashings were only harmonized when Brother Wallner was installed Grand Master of the united Lodges, practicing the Scottish Eite. Kind feelings took the place of old animosi- ties, and when Prince Frederic August of Brunswick was installed National Grand Master of the Prussian States, the mother Lodge assumed the title of Grand National Mother Lodge of the Prussian States. Amicable relations were also restored with the Lodge Eoyal York. This Lodge divided herself into four Lodges in 1798, and with other Lodges formed the Grand Lodge Eoyal York zur Freundschaft. The National Grand Lodge of Germany at Berlin (Swedish System) violently opposed this new Grand Lodge, but without success. On the 20th of October, 1779, IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. HI the king issued an edict forbidding all secret societies, exempting therefrom, however, the then existing three Grand Lodges of Berlin : viz., The National Mother Grand Lodge Zu den drei Welikugeln, the Grand Lodge of Germany, and that of Eoyal York. In 1833 changes in the Ritual were proposed, when it was laid down as a leading principle that everything that rested upon an historical foundation, or had become sacred by time, and dear to the brethren by usage, should be preserved ; changes only should be made which the spiritual necessities of an advanced age seemed to require. In 1840 the Crown Prince of Prussia was initiated into Masonry, in the presence of the three Grand Lodges of Berlin, according to the Swedish System, and immediately assumed the Protectorate over all Lodges in Prussia. When he ascended the throne, the Protectorate devolved upon his son, the Crown Prince, who was initiated in 1853. In 1844 the three Grand Lodges of Berlin made the fol- lowing declaration : " The three Grand Lodges have the same aim as regards the Order ; they labor for the ennobling of their members and the happiness of mankind, according to the principles of Christianity, but without any tendency to politics or sec- tional confession. " The Grand Lodge of the Three Globes states that her Statutes of 1799 are based upon the Constitution of the Grand Lodge of England of 1723, and in consequence has engrafted the following among her laws : " Chap. IV., Sec. 1. A Free Mason must be an upright and candid professor of the Christian religion." An appendix to the Statutes adopted in 1808, further prescribes : "Sec. 20. A Jew cannot be initiated, affiliated, or be admitted a visitor." 112 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY In 1841, however, this section was stricken out, in conse- quence of a remonstrance by a Lodge under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Holland, one of whose members, be- ing an Israelite, was refused admission as visitor to a Berlin Lodge. But Section 166 of the same Eevised Statutes, adopted during that year, says : " Those persons only can be proposed for initiation in Freemasonry who " 1. Profess Christianity, without regard to particular creed." " Sec. 201. Every brother who desires to be affiliated with any Lodge under our jurisdiction must be a professor of Christianity." A commission for the revision of the Statutes of the Three Globes declared, in 1849, " that the initiation in and affilia- tion with the daughter Lodges of the National Mother Lodge of non-Christians was an impossibility." This was unanimously adopted by the mother Lodge. The Commis- sion, however, declared, " that all brethren who prove them- selves members of regularly constituted Masonic Lodges, recognized by the Berlin Grand Lodges, can be admitted as visitors, as it seems a contradiction to recognize a Lodge, and yet refuse its members admission." To justify its requirements, a profession of Christianity in a candidate, or for affiliation, the Grand Lodge cites the Constitution of the Grand Lodge of England, of the year 1723, as follows: " Section 1. But though in ancient times Masons were charged in every country to be of the religion of that coun- try or nation, whatever it was, yet it is now thought more expedient only to obligate them to that religion in which all men agree, leaving their particular, opinions to themselves ; that is, to be good men and true ... by whatever de- nominations or persuasions they may be distinguished," etc. Which the mother Grand Lodge explains : by " ' religion in which all men agree' is to be understood the Christian religion solely." m THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 113 To support its views, the Grand Lodge refers to Chapter VI., Section 2, of the Ancient Chwges, where it speaks of the " behavior " of the brethren after the Lodge in the fol- lowing language : " Therefore no .private piques or quarrels must be brought within the door of the Lodge, far less any quarrels about religion, or nations, or State policy, we being only, as Masons, of the Catholic religion above mentioned ; we are also of all nations, tongues, kindreds, and languages, and are resolved against all politics, as what never yet con- duced to the welfare of the Lodge nor never (sic) will. This charge has been always strictly enjoined and observed ; but especially ever since the Eeformation in Britain, or the dis-" sent and secession of these nations from the communion of Kome." " This," the Grand Lodge continues, " alludes directly to the religion mentioned (Section 1) in the Ancient Charges where it is designated as ' Catholic,' and points to the Church entanglements during the English Eeformation. This, there- fore, teaches us that the term ' Catholic religion ' does not mean the Eoman Catholic Church, but those doctrines only which all professors of Christianity possess in common. . . . It can not be at all doubted that these laws were made for Christians only, as they were drawn up by Brother Anderson, a clergyman of the Church of England, and ap- proved by Brother Desagulier, a clergyman of the Eef ormed Church, and Deputy Grand Master. . . . For these reasons," the mother Grand Lodge continues, "it is to be assumed that the initiation in Freemasonry was conditioned upon a profession of Christianity, according to the Consti- tution of 1723." This historical statement was met by the Committee on Foreign Correspondence of the New York Grand Lodge, in 1868, by quoting from the address of the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge Eoyal York, at Berlin, on St. John's Day, 1867, when he said : " Suffice it to say that the Grand Lodge has labored faithfully and effectively according to the doc- trines transmitted to her by her English mother. If, in tol. rv. — 8 114 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY. some respects, she has traveled paths diverging from her ; if, for instance, she has planted herself -upon a Christian plat- form, ; it is not the result of accident or arbitrariness, but it is just as indigenous to our ^country as the enlarged tendencies in. England are to that country. In our fatherland the religious differences have never terminated in bloody perse- cutions or in splits of sectarianism." " The last sentence," says the Committee, "certainly shows a strange oversight on the part of the Most "Worshipful brother. Has he forgot- ten that it took thirty long, bloody years before the Catho- lic Church was forced to tolerate the Protestant Church? It was not by their free will that religious liberty was al- lowed. The whole continent was strewn with slain; and they only yielded the point when they could fight no longer. Their hate still remained : the sword was only sheathed for the time, to be drawn again when opportunity offered." And in Masonry, the persecution of Custos and others in Spain, by the Iiomish Church, is a matter of history. It would be useless to attempt to eradicate the spirit of intolerance from an organization imbued with the belief expressed in the foregoing line of argument. The Committee on Correspondence of the Grand Lodge of New York, however, continued its argument to a con- clusion, and it is well to quote : " "We fail to discover that the principle of Christianity is at all alluded to in the last cited second section, and further- more assert that it is entirely ignored by a very overwhelm- ing majority of the Grand Lodges of the world. In Ger- many, the Constitutions of the Grand Lodges of Saxony, Zur Sonne at Baireuth, the Eclectic Union of Frahkfort-on- the-Main, and Hamburg have for their foundation the Con- stitution of the Grand Lodge of England of 1723. In direct contradiction to it are the Constitutions of the three Grand Lodges of Prussia at Berlin (Eoyal York, Three Globes, and the Grand Lodge of Germany). The Grand Lodge Zur Mntracht at Darmstadt presents a divided house, four of her daughter Lodges adhering strictly to the Constitu- IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 115 tion of 1723, while the laws of the other four do not rest upon that basis. These, with the Grand Lodges of Sweden and Denmark, have engrafted upon it the principle of a profession of Christianity. The Grand Lodges of the rest of the world adhere strictly to the ancient law, and rest upon the principle of universality. In the Constitution of 1723 the principle of universality of the Institution was laid down as the foundation stone. It was adopted by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1730, by that of Scotland in 1761, by Holland in 1761, by France in 1771, by Hamburg in 1801. Even the more modern Grand Lodges of Italy and South America, sprung from France, are based upon the principle of freedom in religious belief, as laid down in the Ancient Charges. It is engrafted on the Constitutions of all the Grand Lodges of the world, and only Sweden and Denmark and a part of Germany adopt the exclusive principle. Of the seventy-five Grand Lodges of the world, six only recognize the so-called Christian prin- ciple. The great majority of the eight thousand Lodges of the world countenance the initiation of non-Christians, whilst on the other hand the puny minority of only two hundred and twenty-three Lodges cultivate the so-called Christian principle. Again and again war has been made upon it, and it has been discussed in all its bearings. Theo- retically it has been overpowered long since ; in practice it has been retained, however, with a zeal worthy of a better cause. The day is not far distant when this unmasonic and illiberal idea will be dispelled by the sun of enlightenment. The boundaries of exclusiveness are becoming more circum- scribed day by day. The question has been already virtually decided by an immense majority vote. The Grand Lodge of the Three Globes explains that the term ' Catholic religion ' means not the Church of Eome, but Christianity generally. All Lodges of the world origin- ally sprung from those of England, Ireland, and Scotland ; they agree in their fundamental principles, in the peculiari- ties and essentials of Masonry, in the principle of univer- sality, and interpret the word catholic, as it was intended 116 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY to be interpreted, ' universality general? If the Masonic Institution is founded for the purposes of Christianity, then its necessity is more than problematical. It would be alto- gether'unnecessary and superfluous. Originally there was no Masonry in Germany but what was transplanted by the Grand Lodge of England. When Masonry in Germany began to worship strange gods, the Lodges ignored and abandoned the Ancient Landmarks and Usages. Many of them have returned to the ancient faith. But the three Prussian Grand Lodges and those of Sweden and Denmark still worship around the strange altar. These Bodies, in reality, exclude themselves from the rest of the Masonic family, although they have much in common with them in regard to principles, symbols, forms, and Constitu- tion ; but in this one essential they certainly differ from the rest. The Masonic Institution, in ideal elevation, stands far above ah contingencies of human life, far above all sever- ing barriers, far above all other societies. The Prussian, Swedish, and Danish Lodges lack these essentials. They are a union of professing Christians, a community professing a certain faith. Masonry esteems man according to his moral worth ; they take in consideration accidental external circumstances. Masonry selects the pure man, as he came from the hands of his Creator; the Prussian Lodges, as accident of birth or society has formed him the Christian. The structure of true Freemasonry is perfect and consistent in itself: that of Prussian Masonry is contradictory and imperfect. In Prussian Lodges the character of candidates of the. Jewish faith is investigated, their names are placed on the list of candidates, and occasionally they are very warmly recommended for initiation to Lodges outside of Prussia, whilst they refuse to bring them to Masonic light. We await the time when ancient prejudices must give way before education and the enlightenment of the age." AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION IN 1866. Subdivision 6 of section 82 was amended so as to read : " 6. To make a full and correct return annually to the IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 117 Grand Lodge of all who were members of his Lodge on the first day of May in each year, which return shall be trans- mitted to the Grand Secretary on or before the 15th day of May in each year. Sec. 126 (old number 116). No Lodge shall make a Mason (except one made for the purpose of being a Tiler) for a less sum than twenty dollars. Sec 29. The elective officers of the Grand Lodge are, the Grand Master (whose style is Most Worshipful), Deputy Grand Master, Senior Grand "Warden, Junior Grand War- den, Grand Treasurer, Grand Secretary, three Grand Chap- lains (the style of all of whom is Eight Worshipful), Grand Pursuivant, and Grand Tiler (whose style is Wor- shipful). Sec. 119. Every District Deputy Grand Master, during the term of his appointment, and no longer, shall be, by virtue of his office, a member of the Grand Lodge, and have one vote therein, and shall receive the same compensation for attendance as representatives of Lodges from the funds of the Grand Lodge. Sec. 106. Grand Officers shall be entitled to the like com- pensation from the funds of the Grand Lodge." This section 106 removed the restriction against City Grand Officers. AN ACT AS TO HOLDING EEAL ESTATE. The following is the text of the act enabling Lodges' to take, hold, and convey real and personal estate, passed April 2, 1866, and is designated chapter 317 of the Statutes : The People of the State of New York, represented in Sen- ate and Assembly, do enact as follows : Section 1. Whenever any Lodge or Chapter of Free and Accepted Masons which is, or hereafter may be, duly chartered by, and installed according to, the General Kules and Regula- tions of the Grand Lodge or Grand Chapter of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New York, shall be desirous 118 HISTORY OE FREEMASONRY of having the benefit of this act, it shall and may be lawful for such Lodge or Chapter, at any regular Communication or convocation thereof, held in accordance with the Constitution and General Eegulations of the Grand Lodge or Chapter afore- said, and in conformity to its own by-laws, to elect three trus- tees for such Lodge or Chapter, for the purpose aforesaid, a certificate of which election and purpose shall be made and subscribed by the first three elective officers of such Lodge or Chapter, under their hands, and stating therein the time and place of such election, the regularity thereof, the names of said trustees, and the terms severally for which they are allotted to serve, and the name of the Lodge or Chapter for which they are elected. The execution of such certificate shall be acknowledged or proved before some officer author- ized to take the acknowledgment of deeds, who shall indorse thereon a certificate of such acknowledgment, under his hand, and the same shall then be filed in the office of the Secretary of State. Such trustees and their successors shall thereupon be and become entitled to all the benefits, rights, and privi- leges granted by this act, to and for the use and behoof of said Lodge or Chapter, and a copy of said certificate, certi- fied by the Secretary of State or his deputy, shall be evidence of the right of said trustees to exercise all the rights and privileges conferred by this act; and said trustees shall thereupon be authorized to take, and hold, and convey real and personal estate, for the charitable purposes of said Lodge or Chapter, not exceeding the clear annual value of $10,000. Sec. 2. The persons so first elected trustees shall be divided by lot by said officers making said certificate, so that the term of one shall expire on the day of the festival of St. John the Evangelist next thereafter, and another in one year, and the third in two years thereafter. One trustee shall annually thereafter, prior to the expiration of the terms of office of said trustees and their successors, be elected by said Lodge or Chapter by ballot, in the same manner and at the same time as the first three officers thereof severally are or shall be elected according to the Constitution, by-laws, and IN THE STATE OP NEW TORE. 119 General Kegulations aforesaid, and a certificate of said elec- tion, under the hands of said officers, and the seal of said Lodge or Chapter, if they have one, shall be made and shall be evi- dence of said election, and entitle said person so elected to act as trustee. Said Lodge or Chapter may, at any regular Communication or convocation, fill any vacancy that may have occurred in said Board of Trustees, to be certified in like manner and with like effect as at an annual election. The person so elected shall hold his office for and during the term of the trustee whose place he was elected to fill. Sec. 3. If any person so elected trustee shall die, resign, dimit, or be suspended or expelled from said Lodge or Chap- ter, remove from the State, or become insane, or otherwise incapacitated for performing the duties of said trust, his office as trustee shall therefore be deemed vacant, and said Lodge or Chapter may thereafter, at any regular meeting, fill such vacancy, in the manner and with the effect stated in the last section. Sec. 4. The trustees of any such Lodge or Chapter, and their successors, shall be and are hereby authorized to take, hold, and convey, by and under the direction of said Lodge or Chapter, and for the use and benefit thereof, all the tempor- alities and property belonging thereto, whether consisting of real or personal estate, and whether the same shall have been given, granted, or devised directly to such Lodge or Chapter, or to any person or persons for their use, or in trust for them or their benefit, and also in their individual names, with the addition of their title of trustees aforesaid, to sue and be sued in all courts and places having jurisdiction, and to recover, hold, and enjoy, in trust, and subject as aforesaid, all the debts, demands, rights, and privileges, and all Masonic Halls, with the appurtenances, and all other estate and property belonging to such Lodges and Chapters, iu whatso- ever manner the same may have been acquired, or in whose name soever the same may be held, as fully and amply as if the right or title thereto had originally been vested in said trustees, and also to purchase and hold, for the purposes and 120 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY subject as aforesaid, other real and personal estate, and to demise, lease, and improve the same; and such Lodge or Chapter shall have power to make rules and regulations, not inconsistent with the laws of this State, nor contrary to the Constitution or General Eegulations of the Grand Body to which it shall be subordinate, for managing the temporal affairs of such Lodge or Chapter, and to dispose of its property and all other temporal concerns and revenue thereof ; and the secretary and treasurer of such Lodge or Chapter, duly elected and installed according to the Con- stitution and General Regulations aforesaid, shall, for the time being, be ex officio the secretary and treasurer of said trustees. Sec. 5. Nothing in this act contained shall be construed or taken to give to such trustees of any Lodge or Chapter the power to purchase, sell, convey, or dispose of any property, real or personal, of such Lodge or Chapter ; nor shall they have such power except by and under the direction of such Lodge or Chapter, duly had at a regular or stated communi- cation or convocation thereof, according to the Constitution and General Regulations aforesaid ; and said trustees shall at all times obey and abide by the directions, orders, and reso- lutions of said Lodge or Chapter, duly passed at any regular or stated communication or convocation thereof, according to and not contravening the Constitution and laws of this State, or of the Grand Body to which it shall be subordinate, or of the Lodge or Chapter aforesaid. Provided, that in case said Lodge or Chapter shall surrender its Warrant to the Grand Body to which the same shall be subordinate, as aforesaid, or shall be expelled or become extinct, according to the Constitution and General Regulations aforesaid, it shall be the duty of said trustees then in office, out of the property aforesaid, to satisfy all just debts due from said Lodge or Chapter, and the residue of said property shall be transferred to the " trustees of the Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund," a corporation created by an act entitled, " An Act to Incorpo- rate the Trustees of the Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund," passed April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and sixty four, IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 121 and unless reclaimed by said Lodge or Chapter within three years after said transfer, in accordance with the Constitution and General Regulations aforesaid, the same, with the avails or increase thereof, shall be applied, by said trustees last men- tioned, to the benevolent purposes for which said trustees were created in and by said act. Sec. 6. It shall and may be lawful for any Lodge or Chap- ter, or the trustees or officers thereof, under the direction of such Lodge or Chapter, heretofore incorporated by the laws of this State, or thereby enabled to take and hold real or per- sonal estate or both, to surrender such act of incorporation, Charter, or privilege, and to be enabled to take and hold property, with all the rights and subject to all the provisions of this act, on making and filing the certificate in the manner specified in the first section of this act, and therein stating, in addition to what is therein required, the surrender of said act, Charter, or privilege, referring to and specifying the same ; and on such certificate being so made and filed, the Lodge or Chapter making and filing the same shall there- upon be deemed as having fully surrendered such incorpora- tion, Charter, or right, and its property shall be fully vested in the trustees specified in said certificate, and their suc- cessors, with all the rights, powers, and privileges, and subject to all the provisions of this act. Sec. 7. No Board of Trustees for any Lodge or Chapter, filing the certificate aforesaid, shall be deemed to be dissolved for any neglect or omission to elect a trustee annually, or fill any vacancy or vacancies that may occur or exist at any time in said Board ; but it shall and may be lawful for said Lodge or Chapter to fill such vacancy or vacancies at any regular communication thereafter to be held; and till a vacancy arising from the expiration of the term of office of a trustee is filled, as aforesaid, he shall continue to hold the said office and perform the duties thereof. Sec. 8. This act shall be deemed a public act, and be benignly construed in all courts and places to effectuate the objects thereof. Sec 9. This act shall take effect immediately. 122 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 1867. KETUBNING BROTHEBLY LOVE. The second term of Grand Master Robert D. Holmes closed with many corrections of Masonic crudities which had been unearthed by the progressive and dauntless presid- ing officer. His reign had been a successful one, and it was with evident pride that he had watched the returning spirit of brotherly love between the members of the great Frater- nity that were in the Northern and the Southern States, and between whom there had been so great a strain in conse- quence of the political variance in the two sections. Refer- ring to the South in one of his addresses he said : " I urgently call your attention to the fact, that, although much has been done to relieve the fearful distresses of our brethren and those who are dependent upon them in that section of our country, yet much true Masonic work still remains ready for our hands. I earnestly hope that this Grand Lodge, in its collective capacity, that Subordinate Lodges as such, and that individ- ual Masons throughout the State, and, indeed, those of the whole North, will, by a united effort, continue their labor of love, and still further evidence to our brethren and to the world, that the sincerity of our desire to do good is fully equaled by the means which we can command. Famine, distress, and want point the road to duty. A labor of charity is before us ; let it be promptly and generously performed. A touching wail of distress is on the air ; let us heed it. " It has happily been said of these States, as I may now say of their various Masonic jurisdictions, that they are like the ocean ; that though each wave is a billow by itself, each still rolls upon the bosom of a single sea. We are separate in our governments, but, united under the dictates of the cardinal principles of our Craft, we still form one great and inseparable brotherhood." Under Grand Master Holmes the precedent was inaugu- rated of devoting annually a memorial page in the Trans- IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 123 actions to the virtues of the dead officials of the Grand Lodge. The voluminous correspondence of the Grand Master was offered, and placed on file for future reference. IRREGULAR CONVENTIONS DEPRECATED. Quick at discernment, the Grand Master deprecated and denounced a Convention of Masons that, without his sanc- tion, had been called and held in the city of Brooklyn, for the purpose of taking into consideration the modification of the fees demanded from initiates by Grand Lodge Regula- tions, and of nominating a brother for the office of -Deputy Grand Master. At the Convention seventeen Lodges were represented by officers, and a decision was made to ask every Lodge in the State to join, and request the abolish- ment of the three-dollar tax levied upon the initiates in. aid of the Hall and Asylum Fund. At the same assemblage a candidate for the office of Deputy Grand Master was put in nomination, and suffrages of the Fraternity asked for him. The claim of the Grand Master was, that no Convention of Masons, nor body of Masons, except it be a Grand or a Sub- ordinate Lodge, can be legally called together to act on any Masonic question, unless it be under the order, or direction, or by the permission of the Grand Master. This claim was sustained by the Grand Lodge. The line of this action was in accordance and in harmony with that which followed the Masonic Convention called in Rochester in 1854. Dispensations had been issued for establishing fifty-three Lodges during the year. Subsequent to the opening of the Grand Lodge at Irving Hall on June 4, 1867, it was announced that 538 Lodges . responded by representatives ; that thirty-five Lodges had been warranted during the year ; and the total receipts were $95,299.34 ; but of this large amount $50,931.66 was the net product of the Masonic Fair, which had been instituted December 5, 1866, and extended to January 9, 1867, and which had resulted so successfully. The total expenses were $9,635.88. 124 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY THE MASONIC FAIR OF 1866-67. The initiative movement of this fair -was held in Corinth- ian Boom, Odd Fellows' Hall, corner Grand and Center Streets, on April 14, 1866 ; was presided over by the Grand Master, and the records ordered to be kept by Grand Secre- tary James M. Austin. An address to the Fraternity was determined upon, and the same was prepared by Brothers John W. Simons, Samuel E. Kirkham, Isaiah Bynders, Daniel Carpenter, and John H. Gray. A general meeting was to be convened at Cooper Institute on June 6, and the names of William T. Woodruff, David H. d'Ancona, Daniel Sickles, Charles de Costa Brown, Walter S. Pinckney, Wil- liam Sinclair, W. B. Merriam, W. H. Thompson, George W. Dilks, Benjamin de Young, Elly Zacharie, H. C. Clingsman were added to the above mentioned brethren, and subse- quently twenty-seven more to act as an Executive Com- mittee. An ineffectual effort to obtain the use of the Twenty- second Begiment Armory for holding the Fair, resulted in ordering the Masonic Building at the corner of Grand and Crosby Streets to be put in order for the purpose. Inspection and a promenade concert took place on Novem- ber 19th. The energy of the brethren and their ladies was amply rewarded in the large sum that was added to the Hall and Asylum Fund. The number of initiations during the year were 8,877, making a total membership, May 1, 1867, of 64,643, and the number of warranted Lodges on the roll 608. It had been customary to use the expression and propose a candidate for "initiation and membership." This was ordered to be corrected, and the Lodges thereafter elected candidates for " initiation and advancement." The Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia was recognized by the Grand Lodge of New York, and Bight Worshipful Brother Bobert Macoy was appointed the Grand Bepresentative near this Grand Lodge. ^Q^6>./h^e^ DEPUTY GRAND MASTER, 1856-7. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 125 A SPECULATION LOST BY DELAY. Most "Worshipful Brother 'Holmes "was very desirous of having the Fraternity purchase for a Hall the property in Broadway, west side, between Eighteenth and Nineteenth Streets, and obtained the refusal of the same ; but too much delay occurred, and the property, which could have been purchased at $400,000, was shortly thereafter withdrawn from sale at $680,000. The Grand Master held broad views on the question of SECTARIANISM, and declared that he felt constrained " to call the attention of the Grand Lodge to the fact, that, notwithstanding the efforts which have been made to the contrary, the devotions in Subordinate Lodges, in many cases, are sectarian in their character. Universality and freedom from sectarianism have in all ages been the pride and boast of the Craft, and I earnestly desire that all things which have a tendency toward indicating, in any particular, that Masonry favors or encourages the practice of any distinct sectarian belief or creed, shall be declared to be irregular." A committee of six, who either had been or subsequently were Grand Masters, reported on the above as follows, which was adopted : " The sectarian character of the devotions in Subordinate Lodges has been presented to our attention. We are hap- pily not called upon to enter into any discussion upon this point. The former expressions of opinion by our Grand Lodge have been so marked and decisive, that we need but advert to them to show our position upon the subject. The great principle of religious toleration, as one of the indis- pensable safeguards of Masonry, we have ever fully recog- nised in its fullest and most catholic sense. "We reaffirm it now, and should regret to see any feature introduced into our ascriptions of praise, or rendition of thanks, or supplica- tions for aid to the almighty Father of us all, which wound the sensibilities or jar upon the convictions of any brother. 126 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY And, while saying this, we would suggest a word of caution to those whose great zeal for their peculiarities of faith and belief tempt them astray, urging them to remember that it has been seen in the history of our fallible humanity that none have clamored so loudly for toleration as the sternly intolerant, not alone of one race or creed, but of all races and creeds." The Honorable James T. Brady was in this year, 1867, made a Mason at sight ; why, we will leave the Grand Mas- ter to speak for himself, as follows : "At nearly the close of the Masonic year I deemed it proper to make the Honorable (now Brother) James T. Brady a Mason ' at sight,' and I did so. I am aware that such an honor is but seldom accorded, and then only in view of great personal merit. Setting aside warm personal friendship, I desire to state my reasons for this somewhat unusual step. The brother named stands second to none as an advocate in our whole country, and is the exemplar of the younger members of his profession throughout our land, pointing out to them the way that they should go to achieve honor and distinction, and become useful to society in their toilsome walk of life. These qualities, combined with his unswerving love of country, his eminent social posi- tion, his largeness of heart, his breadth of intellect, and his life-long practice of some of the most prominent and beau- tiful tenets of our profession, demonstrated his fitness to receive the honor conferred. These were some, but not all, of the prominent causes that impelled me to the course which I have pursued. There was another reason that had its influence on my conduct, which I will briefly state. The tendency of modern Grand Lodge legislation, here and elsewhere in these States, has been toward abridging the powers of the Grand Master as the sole and absolute head of the Craft ; and, among other things, the right of that official to make a Mason ' at sight ' has been criticised, if not IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 127 doubted. I desired to bring to the surface a power and pre- rogative that had been gradually sinking out of view, and to exercise them, to the end that the present generation may know that they have an existence, and recognize them also. This I have done, and the records of our proceedings of this- session will show to the Masonic world that one, at least, of the prerogatives of a Grand Master has been rescued from desuetude in this jurisdiction." This was the third time such power had been exercised in New York (see pp. 16, 538, vol. iii. ; and 1886, vol. iv.). The Grand Lodge, after report, admitted the right to exercise the above mentioned power as a fundamental law. The Grand Lodge of Montana was recognized as within the family of Grand Lodges of the United States, and was cordially welcomed. PEELIMINABY INTEBKOGATORIES. The Grand Lodge adopted the series of interrogatories, ever since in vogue, required to be answered favorably and signed by a candidate before election to receive the degrees of Masonry. A WAIF. Masonic charities were exercised in many diversified forms. The Grand Lodge expended in charity about five thousand dollars annually, but this is hardly to be considered in com- parison with the sum of small amounts that were uninter- ruptedly donated from the doors of over six hundred Lodges, and the constant oversight rendered to the constant calls for home charity. An incident most sad, and yet with a golden lining, was the case of Brother James "Winston who arrived from Europe with his young wife, and a little money which was soon ex- hausted looking for employment; disease overtaking him, the partners in sorrow found their way to "Ward's Island, where the husband died, was placed in a pine box, and buried 128 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY in a trench. The news came to District Deputy William R. Merriam. Americus Lodge and a number of others re- covered the body, and, with true form and spirit, buried the body in Greenwood Cemetery. It so happened that the hus- band had told the wife that he would not call for Masonic help during his life, which he knew would be short, as it might militate against the relief he felt certain would be hers after his death. The help came quickly, but, alas, too late for material service ! The young widow, helpless and alone, without a relation in this country, found her bodily ailments too great ; and on the twentieth anniversary of her birthday she died, leaving a babe but seven days old. "We need not give further detail. Standing by her bedside the last night of her life, while the shadows of death were closing around her, and naught in the way of her perfect peace but the thought of her orphaned babe, two Masters of Lodges in this city pledged the word of the Fraternity, that the child of the departed brother, thus left a helpless orphan in a strange land, should always be watched over, supported, and protected. Peacefully she went to her last sleep, trusting in God, and resting securely upon the promise of a Fraternity that her husband had taught her was " as sacred as Holy Writ," and in whose mystic ladder, extended from earth to heaven, the "principal round is Charity." THE BROOKLYN LODGE-EOOM. Crystal "Wave Lodge, while under dispensation, fitted up admirable Lodge-rooms in the brown-stone-front building, No. 159 Fulton Avenue, Brooklyn. They were dedicated under the direction of District Deputy John K. Oakley. Upon urgent request from the Trustees of Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo, Christopher G. Fox, Deputy of the twenty-second Masonic District, assembled the Fraternity in large numbers, and, under an escort of two Commanderies of Knights Templars, on the 28th of September, 1866, laid the IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 129 base of a monument to be erected as a memorial of the dedi- cation of the grounds. The service for the dedication was prepared by Eight Keverend Bishop Coxe. CAPACIOUS MASONIC BOOMS were fitted up by Fraternal Lodge, located at "White Cor- ners, in a style of elegance which showed an earnest of their subsequent doings, as at the time they were under dispensa- tion. in Oswego County, having been fitted up and furnished in an elaborate manner by Hannibal Lodge, No. 550, was dedi- cated the 27th of February. OSWEGO LODGE HALL, in the city of Oswego, for elegance and finish was not exceeded by any room in the jurisdiction, and was the pride of the Masons of Oswego Lodge No. 127 ; over five thou- sand dollars was expended for furniture. EIGHT WOBSHIPFUL DANIEL S. WEIGHT was the Senior Grand Warden for three successive years under the Grand Masters "William H. Milnor, Oscar Coles, and Nelson Randall; but failing health compelled him to relinquish Masonic ambition and labor; in 1853 he was succeeded by Jarvis M. Hatch, and he ceased his attendance on the Annual Communications. In his day he labored zealously to promote the general welfare, and to increase the stability and prosperity of the Craft. He died the 31st of January, 1867, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. ELECTION OF OFFIOEE8. The Deputy Grand Master, Stephen H. Johnson, was elected Grand Master, and the position thus made vacant was filled by the election of Brother John H. Anthon. vol. iv. — 9 130 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Christopher G. Fox was elected Junior Grand Warden, the position formerly held by John R. Anderson. Orrin "Welch was superseded by Amos H. Prescott as Grand Marshal, and H. Clay Preston, by George W. Gregory as Grand Sword Bearer; the remaining officers generally being re- elected and reappointed. STEPHEN H. JOHNSON, GEAND MASTEE. Of the early life and surroundings of Brother Johnson we have no information. He was born in 1809, and early evinced great aptitude for study, more especially a leaning toward the legal profession. He represented Schenectady and Albany in the State Senate in 1850 and 1851. He was a lawyer of marked prominence, and his period of judicial service was highly commented upon. Brother Johnson was Junior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge in 1860 and 1861, during the terms of Grand Master- ship of John W. Simons and Finlay M. King ; he was elected and served as Senior Grand Warden in 1862-63-64, and as Deputy Grand Master under Robert D. Holmes, 1865-66, and finally became Grand Master in 1867, holding the office for only one term. He was a constant and earnest attend- ant at the Communications of the Grand Lodge, but in 1881 was suddenly attacked by congestive pneumonia, and died at Schenectady on the 16th of July, at the age of seventy- two years. By his demise the veterans in Masonry were called to mourn one of its most cherished devotees. RETURN OF FEES PROHIBITED. " ResoVoed, That the Lodges in this jurisdiction are strictly prohibited from returning to any of its members the whole, or any portion thereof, of the initiation fee as required to be paid by its by-laws." " BesoVoed, That this Grand Lodge forbid any Lodge within its jurisdiction conferring the degrees of Masonry upon any person for a less sum than that named in the IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 131 by-laws of the Lodge, and in no case, except where the person is to be made Tiler, shall any 'portion of the fees be returned to the candidate." IMPARTIAL COMMISSIONERS. "JResolwed, That when it shall be made to appear, to the satisfaction of the District Deputy Grand Master of any Masonic district in this jurisdiction, that any brother is charged with unmasonic conduct in any Lodge in his dis- trict, and that because of any undue prejudice existing against him in that Lodge he can not have a fair and impar- tial trial there, it shall be lawful for said District Deputy Grand Master to appoint a committee of proper brethren selected from other Lodges in his district than the one com- plained of, which committee shall proceed in all matters as other committees appointed by District Deputy Grand Masters, to hear and determine charges of unmasonic con- duct." AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION. Section 19 was amended to read: "JSTo Dispensation to form a new Lodge in any city of this State shall issue, except upon the recommendation of at least a majority of all the Lodges in said city, unless the said city shall consist of more than one Masonic district, when the consent of a majority of the Lodges in the district where the new Lodge is sought to be located shall be sufficient." Subdivisions 2 and 3 of section 100 : " For every Dispen- sation to form a new Lodge, eighty dollars. And if a Char- ter or "Warrant shall be afterward granted, the additional sum of twenty dollars." 1868. THE PERIOD OF PEACE AND REST. Under a change of administration, Stephen H. Johnson as Grand Master had guided the Fraternity from June, 1867, till the election of his successor in June, 1868. 132 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY The Grand Lodge was opened in the city of New York on the 2d of June, 1868, at the Cooper Institute, Eighth Street, between Fourth Avenue and the Bowery. The old profes- sor, George W. Morgan, the world-famed organist, presided at his instrument ; and St. Cecile Lodge, No. 568, under the guidance of Brother George F. Ilsley, furnished the much- admired music. The attendance, as usual, was extraordinary. High encomiums were justly paid to the integrity and unswerving devotion of James Herring, who had died in the city of Paris in October, 1867. Among the many excellent expressions of just merit was the allusion to Brother Her- ring being the virtual founder of the Hall and Asylum Fund. On the 28th of November following, Keuben Hyde Wal- worth, Past Grand Master, died at Saratoga Springs. On the 4th of February, 1868, Finlay M. King, another Past Grand Master, died at Syracuse ; he was followed by "Wil- liam Rockwell, Past Grand Treasurer; R. W. Augustus Willard, Past Deputy of the fourth district ; and District Deputy Robert Parker died at Delhi, Delaware County, on the 5th of September, 1867. LODGE-EOOMS DEDICATED. Dedicatory services had been performed at Halls for Seneca Lodge, No. 113, at "Waterloo, Seneca County ; Rising Star Lodge, No. 450, at Yonkers, Westchester County; Humanity Lodge, No. 406, at Lyons, Wayne County ; and Beacon Lodge, No. 283, at Matteawan, Dutchess County. The total receipts of the year, $122,892.82, embraced the one-half purchase money oh sale of property in Grand Street : to wit, $81,500, which sale had been made in obedience to an order of the Grand Lodge, at the preceding session. The Grand Lodge assembled on the 3d of June, 1868, at Irving Hall. GRAND MASTER, 1868-69. IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 133 THE ELECTION resulted in the selection of James Gibson as Grand Master. This left a vacancy in the office of Junior Grand "Warden, which was filled by advancing Edmund L. Judson ; and in turn Cornelius Esselstyn was elected Grand Standard Bearer, and E. H. Huntington as Grand Sword Bearer. Isaiah Bynders was superseded by Cornelius A. Marvin as Grand Senior Deacon, and Charles E. Young took the place of Edward M. Banks as Junior Grand Deacon. JAMES GIBSON, GRAND MASTEE. Brother James Gibson proved himself in Masonry to be energetic and indefatigable, " even unto the end." Dur- ing the Grand Mastership of Clinton F. Paige in 1863-64, Brother Gibson served as Junior Grand Warden, and then in succession under Robert D. Holmes and Stephen H. Johnson, Grand Masters, he filled the station of Senior Grand Warden. Without serving as Deputy Grand Master in 1867, the office being filled by John H. Anthon, Brother Gibson was elected to the station of Grand Master, which office he held for two terms, 1868 and 1869, Brother Anthon continuing as Deputy. Brother Gibson, before retiring, urged with great energy, through an encyclical to the Lodges and otherwise, that the brethren should make every effort not only to lay the corner- stone of the Hall at the period proposed, June 8th, but also to finish the building within two years thereafter. The trustees had agreed upon the designs, which were deemed of great merit, and hoped to clear the ground for building by the 1st of May. By virtue of his high office of Grand Master, Brother Gibson was chairman of the trustees, who purchased the Sixth Avenue property for $340,000. Minor services were continually being performed by Brother Gibson. He dedicated Salem Lodge, No. 391, at Salem, Washington County, and, in addition to his services rendered from time to time of a ceremonial nature, in 1866, 134 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY as State Senator, he procured the passage of the bill through the legislature, which enabled individual Lodges to hold real estate, through trustees. Incorporation became unnecessary ; hence a Lodge need have no other existence than that "which it derived from its "Warrant from the Grand Lodge. Brother Gibson was always of a literary tendency, and is (in 1894) the editor of a newspaper published in Salem, New York. Brother Gibson was made a Mason December 21, 1857, in Salem Lodge, No. 391, and therein continues his member- ship ; on the 17th of March following he was exalted to the Koyal Arch degree in Champlain Chapter, No. 25, at White- hall, Washington County, and became its High Priest in January, 1862. A successful application for a Chapter at Salem, authorized Companion Gibson as High Priest to open a Chapter on January 16, 1865, which was warranted Feb- ruary 8, 1865 ; subsequently was reorganized as Federal Chapter, No. 10, Companion Gibson being High Priest. As a Knight Templar he holds an Honorary Membership in Apollo Commandery, in Troy, in which he was knighted over thirty years ago. ■ James is the son of James B. Gibson and Sarah M. Town- send his wife, and is a grandson of John Gibson and Buth Brown his wife. The father of the present James Gibson was a lawyer, and early settled as such at Salem ; the office is continued by the son, who still is in full practice (1894). Brother Gibson is active in the cause of education, and for forty-eight years has been a member of the Board of Trustees of Washington Academy, located in the village in which he resides, and for the last fifteen years has been President of the Board. Of such men the Grand Lodge has just cause for pride. DECEASE OF JAMES BUCHANAN, BEOTHEE AND EX-PEESIDENT. The Grand Lodge adopted the following resolution : " Besolved, That the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New York adds the expression of its IN THE, STATE OP NEW YORK. 135 sorrow to those of the brethren of other States, and of the many personal friends and associates of our distinguished brother, ex-President James Buchanan. That we present to the brethren his unspotted private character as a fair example, and ask from those brethren who have differed from him in political opinion, Masonic charity for a statesman's life and grief for a brother's death." The resolution was unanimously adopted. Joseph B. Chaffee, Grand Lecturer, closed his fourth year of service in 1868, highly commended for his energy and faithfulness, and was succeeded by Brother George H. Bay- mond. At the instigation of Brother Isaiah Bynders, it was deter- mined that at the opening of each annual session of the Grand Lodge, one of the Grand Chaplains should be designated to deliver a twenty-minute address on some subject relative to the welfare of the Craft. Only two of these addresses appear to have been delivered : one in 1869, by Beverend Ferdinand C. Ewer, on the marvelous latent power of the Grand Lodge, and its consequent duties ; and the other in 1871, by Beverend John G. "Webster, on " Deeds, not Prom- ises." The Grand Lodge of New York, after due consideration, recognized the GRAND LODGE OF NEW BRUNSWICK as a sovereign and independent Grand Lodge. NOETH CAROLINA AND COLORED LODGES. A misunderstanding growing out of an unfortunate news- paper article, published in North Carolina, to the effect that the New York Grand Lodge had admitted colored people within its family of Lodges and membership, and, further- more, was arranging to promulgate and foster the innovation 136 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY in Southern States, created an alarm among the Fraternity in North Carolina, and Alabama in particular, and gave rise to the following expression of the Grand Master of Mississippi in his annual address : " It is the duty of Masons to treat the colored race kindly and charitably under all circumstances, always remembering that their present unnatural position is not of their own choosing ; but constituted as they are by nature, always and everywhere leaning for help on the stronger races, and with- out that help relaxing into hopeless barbarism, they cannot be recognized as Masons. True Masonry has never done so, and, in my opinion, never will." The severity of the reflections of the foregoing Grand Lodges was greatly modified when they discovered that the Grand Lodge of New York referred to in the first instance, leading to the published article of the press, was the organiza- tion composed solely of colored people, and which had existed unrecognized for many years. The Grand Lodge of Master Masons of the State of New York confirmed the language of its Committee on Correspondence, which said : " It is not within the bounds of probability that any regu- lar Grand Lodge will consent to swell its jurisdiction by the creation of negro Lodges ; but if the taste of any should run in that direction, the rest of us still retain the right to with- hold our recognition of that land of work, and to close the doors of our Lodges against any or all likely to disturb our peace and harmony." The condition of the South at this period of three years after the war was very discouraging, and many of the Northern States exercised their Masonic charities for a gen- eral relief. The Grand Master of Arkansas, with a con- stituency of eighty Lodges, was pleased to comment on this subject, and stated, that, " among the instances of the liber- ality of our Northern brethren, the Grand Lodge of New York donated $2,000 for the relief of the destitute of the Southern States, and I acknowledge the receipt of $500 of the contribution to be distributed at my discretion." IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 1,37 AKABIAN MASONS. The Grand Lodge of Saxony evinced great interest in an occurrence which took place on the 17th of February, 1868, in the Lodge Zu den drei Schwertem und Astraa zur grunen- den Haute, at Dresden. On that day a Mohammedan by the name of Gatha Sadik, a merchant of Dresden, was made a Mason. True to the faith of his fathers, the candidate appeared in his national dress, and after answering the three questions usually propounded, in a satisfactory manner, in the Arabic language, he was initiated. We rejoice that our brethren of Saxony were so fully in accord with those of New York, for one of our Lodges has a similar instance on record. A Mohammedan by the name of Mahmoun Jumah, first lieutenant of a frigate of the Imaum of Muscat, lying at anchor in the harbor of New York, petitioned St. John's Lodge, No. 1, of New York, to be made a Mason. He was initiated on the 11th of June, 1839. It was impossible to procure a Koran for the occa- sion. The candidate, on being informed of this, inquired whether the Book used by the Lodge contained the doctrine of a belief in a Supreme Being. Assured of this, he ex- pressed himself satisfied, remarking that that was a good enough Koran for him. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION adopted finally in 1868 : Section 105 was amended to read : ' ' " Sec. 105. One representative from each Lodge shall be entitled to receive his traveling expenses at the rates estab- lished by the proprietors of public conveyance, which he shall take in coming directly from his Lodge to the place of meet- ing, and returning thereto, as charged by said proprietors at the time ; and also five dollars for each day's attendance, and three dollars per day while traveling, not exceeding two days in going and returning. And though he represent more than one Lodge, he shall receive pay only for one 138 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Lodge ; nor shall he receive more than the aggregate dues of the Lodge he shall represent." Subdivision 2, of section 17, was amended to read : " Sec. 2. By voluntary surrender of its "Warrant, pursuant to a vote of two-thirds of the members present at a regular meeting, when duly summoned for that purpose, with notice of the object of the meeting." 1869. CONTINUED PEACE. Few matters of serious moment affected the Masonic Grand Lodge in 1859. The Fraternity progressed in its even tenor with little excitement. The Grand Lodge con- vened on the first day of June, and commenced the routine of its legislative duty, in the course of which it reelected all the officers of 1868. The Grand Master announced that of twenty-two applications for Dispensations to establish Lodges, he had granted but six, and that one had been con- ceded by the Deputy ; that he believed this to be the more healthful progress for the present, as there were many sound reasons in his estimation for checking an unnecessary growth in the number of Lodges. There were 635 Lodges on the roll. A PEOPOSED LODGE OF HEBEEWS. An application had been made to the Grand Master, through the Deputy of the fourth district, for the establish- ment of a new Lodge, to be known as " Gan Eden " (Garden of Delight), to be located in Brooklyn. The brethren peti- tioning were solely of the Hebrew faith, and so proclaimed themselves. They were eminently worthy in respect to character and standing, and in ability to work. The Grand Master, James Gibson, refused to sanction the application. The argument to grant the petition was on the ground that IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 139 " men unexceptionable in every other respect have been re- fused admission into Lodges in Brooklyn, simply because they were Hebrews." It was claimed " they only desire to start a Lodge, wherein all who may apply at the door may receive proper Masonic treatment; a Lodge which shall judge of candidates by their moral character, wherein reli- gious faith or sect shall be no bar to admission." The application was rejected. This instance, in addition to motions, mainly ineffectual, in the Grand Lodge, pertain- ing to what was deemed by some members of the Grand Lodge as essentially sectarian in the work, had the tendency of calling the attention of other Grand Lodges to the matter of merit in the question, and the subject was discussed pro and con. Brother William R. Singleton, an eminent Mason of the District of Columbia, took a peculiar view as to the alleged sectarian allusions in the Ritual, and we quote his argument, notwithstanding we can understand that the Hebrews are fully alive to the difference between the Johns as Hebrews, and the Saint Johns as ecclesiastical saints of the Christian Church. Brother Singleton forcibly puts this view of the matter : " In regard to this subject, we think it strange that our brethren, the descendants of Israel, should object to the Masonic dedication of our Lodges to two such patron saints as John the Baptist and John the Evangelist. It is in our opinion the result of gross ignorance on their part. Let us examine the facts : John, called the Baptist, was a Jew, descendant of Levi, and a priest belonging to one of the twenty-four classes. He was not, as is now called, a Christian. He was cruelly beheaded by Herod, at Machasrus, long years before Chris- tianity was known as a distinctive sectarian body. And, of course, if Christian Masons are willing to adopt a Jew as patron, no Jew himself should object. Again, John the Evangelist was a Jew also. "We believe him to have been a most excellent man, and ' religious,' and as such only do we dedicate our Lodges to him, and not because he was a follower of Christ. In these lie the mistakes of our worthy brethren. 140 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Do they object to Solomon ? Neither do we. He was a Jew. Just as much objection can be made by Christian Masons against Solomon, John the Baptist, and John the Evangelist as being Jews, as Jews can object to the last as being a Christian. The very complaint made by Jews on this score demonstrates their gross ignorance of Masonic matters and history, and is a clear evidence of that intolerance which characterized them as a nation from the days of Moses until now, with some honorable exceptions; and we have often presented this view of the question to our Jewish brethren, and they have admitted the soundness of this view : viz., that we do not recognize the Johns because of their religious bias or belief , but as eminent lovers of mankind, as our traditions place them both very properly as Essenes. They were among the oldest to whom we can refer in this era as among those who practiced the rites of Masonry ; and this is no unmean- ing boast by our Order ; but when we investigate the subject, we become more and more satisfied with the fact of some connection between the Evangelist and those who were then the nucleus around which afterward clustered those socie- ties with whom remained all the pure rites, in contradistinc- tion to the impure and obscene which led the heathen world into all those extravagancies which had to be suppressed by order of the Roman powers. The student of the ' Haut Grades ' must certainly perceive the connection between the Kabbala and much that John has written in that great Kabbalistic book, the Apocalypse ; and he can readily see the number of the Beast in the ' Abraca- dabra,' as well as other matters not to be mentioned in this connection. Let our Jewish brethren drop their intolerance, and come up to the level of Masonic ' liberality,' and they will discover that Masonry never has recognized any one from sectarian principles ; but, on the contrary, the very adoption of two prominent Jews as patron saints, one being a Christian, is the very acme of liberalism, and consequently should meet their cordial approbation as a compliment to their race and a surrender of our prejudices." IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 141 CORNER-STONE CEREMONIALS. At the request of the State authorities the corner-stones of two of the new normal school edifices were laid by the Masonic Fraternity. The ceremony of the first took place on St. John's Day, 1868, George B. Winslow officiating as Grand Master. The location was at Potsdam, St. Lawrence County. The address was delivered by Brother Darius A. Ogden. The services of the second occurred on April 15, 1869, under the charge of Bight Worshipful Christopher G. Fox, who delivered the address. The corner-stone of the German Beformed Church at Newburg was laid by request, an Emergent Grand Lodge being assembled in September, 1868, at which Brother George F. Wiltsie officiated as Grand Master. Five new and beautiful halls were dedicated during the year. One for the Lodge Ancient Landmarks,. No. 441, at Buffalo, October 27, 1868, by Bight Worshipful John H. Anthon. A second for Seawanhaka Lodge, No. 678, in Brooklyn, E. D., October 2, 1868, by Bight Worshipful George W. Harris. A third for Mount Moriah Lodge, Kb. 145, at Jamestown, Chautauqua County, December 29, 1868, by Bight Worshipful James T. Henry. A fourth for Dover Lodge, No. 666, in February, 1869, by Bight Wor- shipful James M. Austin. A fifth for Port Jervis Lodge, No. 328, March 26, 1869, by Eight Worshipful Joseph B. Chaffee. CUBA. Bight Worshipful Daniel Sickles was appointed and ac- credited the representative of the Grand Lodge of Cuba, near the Grand Lodge of New York. This body had been recognized as a regularly organized and a legitimate Grand Body in 1860, by the reception of Brother Andreas Cassard as its representative. It appeared that, in 1853, Cuba had two existing and legally constituted symbolic Lodges, whose Warrants were granted by the Grand Lodge of Spain. In May, 1859, the Grand Lodge of South Carolina granted a 142 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Dispensation for a third symbolic Lodge, located at Santiago, and called San Andrew's ; in November, 1859, this Lodge was duly warranted by the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, and on the 5th of December, 1859, representatives from these three Lodges assembled, and organized the Grand Lodge of Cuba. This Grand Lodge subsequently united with the Grand Lodge of Perfection, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, of that island, and formed the Grand Orient of Colon, or Cuba. LODGES INCORPORATED under the General Act, Chapter 317, Laws 1866, were 111 in number; and five Lodges had special charters granted to them by the legislature : to wit, Master's, ]STo. 5 ; St. Pat- rick's, jSo. 4 ; Sylvan, No. 41 ; Worth, jSo. 210 ; and Frontier, No. 517." The action of the Trustees of the Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund during the year, was of so important a nature, and their report so succinct in relation to the PURCHASE OF THE SIXTH AVENUE PROPERTY, that it is deemed better to place it of record in this History: " At the date of their last annual report, the Trustees had recently, in deference to the expressed opinion of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge, sold the property held by them at the corner of Grand and Crosby Streets. They regarded, however, the opinion of the Craft as having been definitely expressed in favor of the immediate purchase of a new site, and the adoption of measures look- ing to active work in the erection of a Hall. They, therefore, after much negotiation and deliberation, purchased the piece of land on the northeast corner of Twenty-third Street and Sixth Avenue, in this city, immedi- ately opposite the new building known as Booth's Theatre, for the sum of $340,000, subject to a lease held by John Tarbell. ' IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 143 At a subsequent meeting of the Trustees it was deter- mined that all encumbrances on the property should be removed, if possible, so as to leave it clear of debt, and put the Trustees into position to enable them to raise, by loan, the necessary money for building. It was also deemed advisable to have as little of the fund invested in securities liable to loss, destruction, or theft, as could be done. With these objects the coupon bonds, which, though under careful guard, were a source of great anxiety, have been sold, and the proceeds invested in the discharge of mortgages upon our land, and in procuring the surrender of the lease upon the property. The property in question is 141 feet in extent on Twenty- third Street, and ninety-eight feet and eight inches on the Sixth Avenue ; and, in the judgment of the Trustees, well situated, both as to its utility for the purpose designed, and for increase in value. It is subject to mortgages to the extent of $87,500, to meet which we hold a mortgage on the Grand Street prop- erty of $81,500. The time of payment to us of this mort- gage was extended to May 1, 1870, as the Trustees did not feel at liberty to fix an earlier date for the commencement of building. It is expected that by the end of the year the Trustees will, with the proceeds of the mortgage on the Grand Street property, the rent of the property in Twenty-third Street, which amounts to $17,000, and the usual income of the fund, be able to pay off the comparatively small amount now on the property, and leave it an available unencumbered secur- ity, upon which, under the usual terms, they can borrow more than $500,000 to pay for the building. When the day can be fixed for the tearing down of the buildings now on the land, they will ask liberal aid "to remove the debt from a completed Hall. In short, if the present holders of the mortgages will take their money before, it is legally due, the Trustees hope, on .the first of next May, to enter the market as borrowers on 144 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY the credit of unencumbered property in Sixth Avenue and Twenty-third Street for a sum sufficient to build the long- talked-of Hall ; and as soon as the corner-stone is laid, or the time fixed for its laying, will look to the liberality and pride of the Craft to pay off, in a brief time, the debt of its building, and leave all the rents of the Hall free to be applied to ;the charitable purposes of the Asylum. James Gibson, Grand Master. J. H. Anthon, Deputy Grand Master. Cheistophee G. Fox, Senior Grand Warden. Edmund L. Judson, Junior Grand Warden. James M. Austin, Grand Secretary." The Committee on Hall and Asylum, to whom the above report had been referred, presented their further views, from which we extract the following : " How is the indebtedness to be paid ? The answer is as satisfactory as it is simple: 1. There has been received at the Grand Secretary's office from Lodges, for per capita tax to the credit of the Hall and Asylum Fund, up to the present time, about $22,000. 2. Kent of Sixth Avenue property to May 1, 1870, $17,000. 3. Estimated per capita tax for ensuing year, to be realized by or before next June Communication, $22,000. Add these together, and we have the sum of $61,000, which, as a little arithmetical calculation will show, will meet the balance of debt, and leave $54,000 and over with which to commence building operations. It is proposed to erect a building that shall cost from $250,000 to $300,000, and to do this a loan of $200,000 will be effected. The interest, taxes, and insurance on the property will amount to about $22,000 a year, rather under than over. The income of the building will be from $30,000 to $40,000 annually, and this is no exaggerated calculation. The debt, therefore, as it will be seen, will be, from the completion of the edifice, self-liquidating, thus honoring and carrying out the idea of the noble originators of the IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 145 scheme, that there should be no harassing burden of debt placed upon the Fraternity." The proposition to lay the corner-stone of the building in June, 1870, was determined upon. During the year $4,917.18 had been disbursed to needy individuals, the greater amounts to brethren from England and Scotland. INVASION OF JURISDICTION BY FRANCE. The Grand Master, in his address, drew attention to the conferring of the three degrees in Louisiana by an irregular organization called a Grand Council, and stating that the pretended Grand Council had been recognized as lawfully established by the Grand Orient of France. That an official communication had been addressed by him as Grand Master, on the 27th of February, 1869, to Marshal Mellinet, Grand Master of that Grand Orient, protesting against the estab- lishment of these bodies as unlawful and for purposes foreign to Masonry, and their recognition by the Grand Orient as unfraternal, and certain to lead to the disruption of all friendly relations between that Grand Body and this, and also all the other Grand Lodges in the United States. That our Grand Lodges would never consent that any organization whatever, whether Lodge, Council, or otherwise, shall be organized within the jurisdiction of an existing Grand Lodge, except by its authority, for the purpose of conferring those degrees, or any of them ; and that on this question there was perfect and absolute unity in opinion, sentiment, and action. The Grand Master of the Grand Orient was for this and other reasons requested to withdraw the decree of recognition. To this communication no answer was vouchsafed. The effort so far to sustain the Grand Lodge of Louisiana in her integrity was of no avail. Masonry was introduced in Louisiana while it was yet a Spanish province ; a Masonic Lodge was established at New Orleans in 1793. After the purchase of the territory by the VOL. it. — 10 146 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY United States, and the establishment of a State government, the Grand Lodge was formed in 1812. The gist of the decree of amity by the Grand Orient of France with this newly established Foulhouze State Grand Council of Louisiana was as follows : Article 1. Official and friendly relations are, from this date, established between the Grand Orient of France and the Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Kite for the State of Louisiana sitting at New Orleans. The friendly ties which now unite these bodies will ultimately be further strengthened by the appointment of representatives. Abt. 2. Our illustrious Deputy, Brother Alfred Blanche, is charged with the promulgation of this decree. Given at the Grand Orient of France, this fifth day of November, 1868. Mellhtet, Grand Master. *> This decree was issued subsequent to a lengthy report signed by A. Hermitte, member of the Council of France, much of the burden of which was devoted to the gratifica- tion experienced by the establishment and recognition of Lodges of colored people by this new Supreme Council in New Orleans. The Committee on Foreign Correspondence of the Grand Lodge of New York in relation to this part of the difficulty, and in conclusion, stated as follows : " The propriety or impropriety of the social and political equality of colored men has nothing whatever to do with the question; it "is purely one of jurisdiction, and on that basis alone will have to be adjusted. We hazard nothing in saying that the action of the so-called Supreme Council, in selecting colored men on whom to bestow "Warrants, was a mere trick, intended to throw dust in the eyes of European Masonic powers by leading them to suppose that the Ameri- can Grand Lodges were engaged in a crusade against the men of whom this self-created Council assumes to be the champion. It is sufficient answer to this to say, that the IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 14.7 Grand Lodges of the United States hold that every Subordi- nate Lodge has an indefeasible right to decide for itself who shall be admitted to its privileges, and that the Grand Lodge can not legislate a man into the humblest Lodge in its jurisdiction. The Ancient Charges and Eegulations to which we hold ourselves bound as Masonic authority, the spirit, and, in many cases, the forms, of which are inextri- cably interwoven in our Constitutions and system of juris- prudence, do not recognize any distinction of race or color as qualifications for Masonic affiliation. Hence the decision of the mooted question of admitting negroes to fellowship lies not with the Grand Lodges, but with the individuals com- posing the Subordinates. This question is, however, not now at issue. The offense of the soi-disant Supreme Council, and that of the Grand Orient, in recognizing and applauding its act, would have been precisely the same had the Warrants been granted to white men of the highest possible rank and station ; and it consists solely, as we have already said, in violating the established and recognized jurisdiction of a just and duly constituted Grand Lodge of symbolic Masons. Against this act the Grand Lodge of Louisiana has pro- tested, by a suspension of all relations with the Grand Orient of France; and against it all the other American Grand Lodges will protest, for the simple reason that if the jurisdiction of Louisiana may be invaded with impunity, so may that of any other, and our system of Masonic govern- ment is at an end. Their united action in sustaining New York, as against the invasion of Hamburg, is sufficient indi- cation of what may be expected in the present emergency, and the Grand Lodge of New York will be expected to lead the van in sustaining the Grand Lodge of Louisiana in the maintenance of its just rights." The Grand Lodge with unanimity adopted the following : Besolved, That all Masonic correspondence and fraternal relations between the Grand Lodge of New York and the 148 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Grand Orient of France cease and be discontinued, and that no Mason owing allegiance to that Grand Body shall he recognized as such in this jurisdiction, until the said Grand Orient of France shall withdraw its recognition of the body- styling itself the Supreme Council for the sovereign and independent State of Louisiana. The Grand Lodge of Idaho was duly recognized as a regularly established Grand Lodge, and an interchange of representatives solicited. EESTOEATION OF FITZGERALD TISDALL. A petition was presented to the Grand Lodge, referred to the Committee on Grievances, returned by it without other report than that the subject be considered by the Grand Lodge. The singularly worded application, which was as follows, was granted : "The undersigned fraternally petitions your Most Wor- shipful Grand Body for restoration to the rights, and privi- leges of Freemasonry. If, in the course of my Masonic life, which has extended over a period of more than twenty-five years, I have committed any errors or faults against the Institution, or against individual members of the Fraternity, I do now most sincerely regret such errors or faults, and hope in the future of my life to do no more wrong. Fitzgerald Tisdall." St. Cecile Lodge was honored by the adoption of the following : " Resolved, That a permanent and standing invitation be extended to St. Cecile Lodge, No. 568, of this city, request- ing them to furnish hereafter full and appropriate Masonic music at the opening ceremonies of each Annual Communi- cation of this Grand Lodge." mileage of representatives. A Eegulation of the Grand Lodge was adopted in these words : IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 149 " Resdhed, That the representatives outside of the metro- politan district be,' and they are hereby, directed to present their bills for mileage to the District Deputy Grand Masters of their several Masonic districts, if present, on the first day of the Annual Communication of this Grand Lodge. Resolved, That it is the duty of the Deputy Grand Mas- ter to audit said accounts, and when found correct to indorse and present them to the Committee on Pay of Bepresenta- tives at once." EEVEEEND CHAELES H. PLATT. This brother, so eminently a Mason, was born in Clinton County, New York, in 1822, and died at Binghamton, March 1, 1869. He was -a son of Commodore Piatt of the United States Navy. He graduated at the Episcopal Col- lege at Geneva, about the year 1847; was rector of the Episcopal Church at Lockport for thirteen years ; then at Auburn for three years ; and then for five years at Bingham- ton. "While at Auburn he served as Chaplain in the Twenty- eighth New York Volunteers, in the United States service, eighteen months ; and, while in the service, was Master of Niagara Military Lodge under dispensation. The reverend brother was one of the Chaplains of the Grand Lodge, and as such endeared himself to all the breth- ren by his affable demeanor, and the entire absence of hauteur, or the assumption of misplaced dignity. Never forgetting the sacred nature of his calling, nor derogating from the proprieties of his high office and station, yet in his intercourse with the brethren his suavity of manner and genial nature made all feel at home in his presence, and desirous of cultivating his friendship. He was also Grand Chaplain of the Grand Chapter and Grand Commandery of this State, and Grand Prior of the Supreme Council, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Eite, for the northern jurisdiction, as well as Grand Master of the Grand Council of Eoyal and Select Masters of New York ; and in all these relations he won for himself that warm friendship so grateful to a benevolent heart. 150 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Professionally he was the rector of the Episcopal Church at Binghamton, and held a high place not only in the esteem of his parishioners, but in the councils of the religious organizations to which he was attached. During the war he was in the service, and it is doubtless the effects of exposure to the vicissitudes of weather and climate, upon a constitution never too strong, that occa- sioned his untimely death. He was a noble and upright man, an estimable citizen, and a zealous and devoted Mason. A wife and four children survived him. His burial took place at Lyons, in "Wayne County, on March 4, 1869. For the funeral services an Emergent Grand Lodge was convened, at which Most "Wor- shipful Clinton F. Paige officiated, with the assistance of an ample number of the brethren, there being a very large attendance. The service of the Episcopal Church was read at the church by the Rev. Dr. Van Ingen of Rochester. He closed his remarks on that occasion with the following : " I have buried many a brave soldier, but none braver ; many a devout and faithful follower of Christ, but never one more so ; and, friends of this ancient Order, though not a member, let me entreat you to push forward in your good works of charity and love, endeavoring to imitate the Christian exam- ple of him whose loss you now deplore." 1870. THE PKIDE OF SUCCESS. The enthusiasm amounting to excitement was quite par- donable in the members of the Fraternity of the State of New York, when we reflect that the period was about culmi- nating in which they were to realize their fond hope of build- ing a structure that should not only be a pride to Masonry, but even to the metropolitan city in which it should stand. It is not unreasonable that they should exhibit some of that bountiful feeling in Masonry which among Americans is termed in their speeches and writings " spread-eagleism," an IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 151 overflow or exuberance of spirit at the evident accomplish- ment of their long desired and hoped-for legislative home. This excitement was intensified when the Grand Master, James Gibson, made his official announcement, appointing the following strong committee to take charge of the neces- sary arrangements for the suitable Masonic ceremony of LAYING THE COENEE-STONE OF THE MASONIC HALL in the city of New York ; and stating that the service would be held on June 8, 1870 : M. W. John W. Simons, R. W. John H. Anthon, W. Zachariah Dederick, " James M. Austin, " Joseph J. Couch, " Jerome Buck, " John G. Barker, " Reeves E. Selmes, " Joseph Koch, " John J. Gorman, " James R. Elsey, " George W. Harris, " Jesse B. Anthony, . " Charles Sackreuter, R. W. George W. Gregory, " F. Richshoffer, W. Thompson Burton, " Fred. W. Herring, " L. H. Conklin, " William T. Woodruff, " Levi M. Gano, " Oliver G. Brady, '* William A. Brodie, W. Samuel Jones, " Benjamin Flagler. Brother H. Clay Preston was appointed Marshal of the Day ; and it was determined that the procession should be composed of Master Masons only, " in dark clothing, high black hats, white linen aprons, and white gloves; with officers' jewels, but no scarfs, collars, or banners." The Trustees reported they held the six lots on corner of Twenty-third Street and Sixth Avenue unencumbered, cost $340,000.00 Cash in National Trust Company and Savings Bank 44,887.58 And in cash donations received 15,310.06 or a total valuation of $400,197.64 152 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY The Grand Lodge, as in 1869, held its meeting at Apollo Hall, and naturally on so momentous an occasion all the Grand Officers were present ; to wit, James Gibson, Grand Master. John H. Anthon, Deputy Grand Master. Christopher G. Fox, Senior Grand Warden. Edmund L..Judson, Junior Grand "Warden. John W. Simons, Grand Treasurer. James M. Austin, Grand Secretary. Eev. E. L. Schoonmaker, } „ , „, ^i„,-„„ Eev. John G. Webster, ( Grand Cha P lamS - Frederick W. Herring, Grand Marshal. Cornelius Esselstyn, Grand Standard Bearer. E. H. Huntington, Grand Sword Bearer. John Boyd, Philip Merkle, ~ , , , -cTT-n- o- i • r Grand Stewards. William Sinclair, James M. Fuller, , Cornelius A. Marvin, Senior Grand Deacon. Charles E. Young, Junior Grand Deacon. Johnston Fountain, Grand Pursuivant. John Hoole, Grand Tiler. George H. Eaymond, Grand Lecturer. DISTRICT DEPUTIES. . Jerome Buck. No. 12. George B. Winslow. Eeeves E. Selmes. No. 13. A. H. Sawyer. John J. Gorman. No. 14. James T. Ferrie. George W. Harris. No. 15. Joseph B. Chaffee. Isaac Lea. No. 17. John D. Williams. James W. Husted. No. 18. George O. Baker. G. Fred. Wiltsie. No. 19. William Shelp. Charles B. Wade. No. 20. Horace P. Johnson. Alexander B. King. No. 22. John A. Lockwood. F. D. Wheeler. No. 23. Asa H. Couch. James M. Dudley. No. 24. L. Bradford Prince. Lodges working in German, Charles Sackreuter. Lodges working in French, etc., F. A. Eichshoffer. No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5. No. 6. No. 7. No. 8. No. 9. No. 10. No. 11. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 153 Joseph D. Evans, Past Grand Master. John L. Lewis, Past Grand Master. Isaac Phillips, Past Grand Master. Nathaniel F. "Waring, Past Grand Master. Clinton P. Paige, Past Grand Master. James Jenkinson, Past Grand Master. John J. Crane, Past Grand Master. Stephen H. Johnson, Past Grand Master. Robert Macoy, Past Deputy Grand Master. Ezra S. Barnum, Past Senior Grand Warden. John "W. Timson, Past Junior Grand "Warden. James "W. Powell, Past Grand Secretary. Gerardus Boyce, Past Grand Treasurer. The Representatives of many State and foreign Lodges were also present. The buildings had been removed from the property on Sixth Avenue, and the six lots had been floored over. A covered space had been provided for the Grand Officers in the East, another for the musicians in the North, another for the Grand "Wardens in the "West and South. The mas- sive corner-stone had been provided by Brother John T. Conover of Holland Lodge, No. 8. The procession formed on "West Fourteenth and other streets north, right resting on Fifth Avenue. SPECIAL AIDS. John E. Bendix, Rowland F. Hill, "William Edwards, Eobert Irwin, Charles S. Arthur, Richard Campbell, Ed. L. Gaul, James F. Ferguson, James McGregor, M. D. Meyers, "W. H. McNary, G. Frederick Wiltsie, "W. W. Smith, "Wil- liam De Lacy, and Julian Allen were the special aids. And the following the MARSHALS OF DIVISION : Samuel R. Kirkham, Robert Black, Joel O. Stevens, H. Stimmerman, Herman G. Carter, Philip "W. Frank, "Warren C. Bennett, Meyer Dazien, and John S. Dickerman. 154: HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY The ten divisions numbered in all 12,616 brethren. The procession was pronounced unique and worthy of the Fra- ternity. The ceremony was ritualistic. After the opening prayer by the Grand Chaplain, Reverend E. L. Schoon- maker, the following anthem (words and music by Brother Harrison Millard) was sung by St. Cecile Lodge, ISTo. 568, D. L. Downing, Master : " Here we meet to lay the Stone, Here our Temple shall be found; Here our hearts, not hands alone, By the mystic tie are bound. Here the Craft will meet again On the Level, tried and known, Meet as brothers, part as men Bound by ties now sacred grown. Here for ages may it stand. Like a beacon, light to give ; While life's waves shall wash the strand, Here Masonic Truth shall live ; Here our Jewels shall be stored — Peace and Love . . . Masonic gems, Hung like pearls on Virtue's cord — Truths more bright than diadems. When the Architect of All (Heaven's Grand Master, full of love), From our labor us shall call To the Lodge prepared above, We will gather once again Round our Great Commander's throne, And degrees of bliss attain, Higher than on earth are known." As the corner-stone was being lowered in its place, an anthem composed by Brother (General) Albert Pike, music by Brother "W. K. Bassford, was sung by St. Cecile Lodge. The Grand Treasurer deposited in the corner-stone copies of the Constitution of the Grand Lodge ; Transactions for 1869 ; the orders and programme of the day ; photographs of the Grand Officers ; Masonic and daily papers ; coins, medallions, seals, scrolls, calendars, etc. Downing's Seventy- IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 155 first Kegiment band discoursed appropriate instrumental music. The Grand Master handed the architect, Brother Napoleon Le Brun, the plumb, level, square, and plans of the work, and directed him to proceed with his labors. Mozart Lodge of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, sang an anthem, the words having been composed by Past Grand Master Richard Yaux. The consecration was then performed, followed by music by the orchestra of Mozart Lodge, conducted by C. R. Dod- worth ; then an oration was delivered by the Reverend E. S. Porter, and shortly thereafter the brethren dispersed. Many offerings in money, jewels, and trinkets were contributed by the people. The brethren retired for local banquets and • other demonstrations of their self-satisfaction and general joy. The procession was most orderly, and no organization banded together to serve mankind and the All-Father ever received higher encomiums. THE POETEAIT OF GEAND SECEETAET JAMES HEEEING which had been ordered in 1869, painted by his son, Right Worshipful Frederick "W. Herring, was presented to the Grand Lodge in open session. It was duly inscribed, and placed on exhibition. The inscription reads 'thus : " James Herring, the Founder of the Hall and Asylum Fund." New and suitable jewels and equipments for the officers of the Grand Lodge were indulged in, as this was a year that was to be made memorable. COENEK-STONES LAID AND LODGE-EOOMS DEDICATED. The corner-stone of the main building of the Cornell University, at Ithaca, was laid in ancient form, on the 30th of June, 1869, at the request of the Hon. Ezra Cornell, the munificent founder of that institution. Clinton F. Paige officiated as Grand Master, assisted by an Emergent Grand Lodge summoned for the occasion. The Firemen's Monument in Buffalo being in course of 156 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY erection, and the proper authority having requested the corner-stone to be laid with suitable Masonic ceremony, Brother Christopher G. Fox, the Senior Grand Warden, officiated in June, 1869. New and beautiful Lodge-rooms were dedicated to Ma- sonry for the following Lodges : Steuben Lodge, No. 112, at Bath; Schoharie Valley Lodge, No. 491, at that village; Auburn Lodge, No. 431, at Auburn ; Sincerity Lodge, No. 200, at Phelps ; Peacock Lodge, No. 696, at Mayville ; Ham- ilton Lodge, No. 713, at Canajoharie ; and Cortland Lodge, at Peekskill. THE EIGHT OF VISITATION The Grand Master, in 1870, found himself called upon to define the right of visitation, and transmit his decision to Grand Master B. B. Donaldson of the District of Columbia. The point in answer may be given in brief, for he said : " In this jurisdiction the right of visit, Masonically, is declared by our Constitution ' to be an absolute right, but it may be forfeited or limited by particular regulations.' (Constitution Grand Lodge of New York, sec. 8, sub. 8.) And a visitor is forbidden 'admission without due inquiry and satisfaction as to his regular standing, and that his admis- sion will not disturb the harmony of the Lodge, or embar- rass its work.' Nor can ' a resident of any town, village, or city where there is a Lodge, claim a right to be admitted as a visitor more than twice, unless he is a member of some Lodge.' (Ibid., sec. 23.) These provisions are fundamental in their character. He who objects to a visitor, exercises with us a Masonic right, as strong, as necessary, and as valuable as that of him who seeks to enforce the ' right to visit.' "We acknowledge the 'right of visit,' but limit and, indeed, forfeit it by our particular regulations. To compel a brother either to associate with another, or present charges against him and prove his unworthiness, seems to us neither fraternal toward our own members, nor favorable to the visitor. It might sometimes induce a mem- IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 157 ber to present charges for offenses committed, merely to avoid fellowship with another, when neither the interest of the Craft, nor the welfare of the accuser or accused, would thereby be promoted. I therefore answer your questions in accordance with the foregoing : 1. That a visitor has no inherent or absolute right to visit, unless qualified by the right to refuse his proposed visit. 2. That u Master Mason possesses the unqualified right of objection to a proposed visit, and is not bound to assign his reasons. 3. That in so doing he exercises a right, and is no more accountable for exercising it than the other is for proposing to visit. 4. That he is not bound to present charges, to exclude the visitor." Dispensations were granted for the formation of ten Lodges during the year. The proposition that had been brought before the Grand Lodge of establishing DISTBICT ' GRAND LODGES was indifferently discussed from time to time, and the prin- ciple to be applied likened unto the English system of Pro- vincial Grand Lodges, which had been in practical operation for a century ; but the entire plan met with disfavor, and so, in 1870, the Chairman, John L. Lewis, of the committee that had been appointed, reported that it was evident a majority of the committee were opposed to any such amendment to the Constitutional law. Accordingly the Grand Lodge accepted the report to that effect, and dis- charged the committee. James Gibson, Grand Master, announced the acceptance of a silver trowel presented by Brother John Cook of 158 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Pyramid Lodge, No. 490, which had been used in laying the corner-stone ; a vote of thanks was tendered by the Grand Lodge to the donor. THE NEWLY ELECTED GKAND OFFICEES were John H. Anthon, Grand Master, with Christopher G. Fox as his Deputy. Edmund L. Judson was promoted to the Senior "Wardenship, and James W. Husted of Peekskill was elected Junior Grand Warden. Joseph Koch became the Grand Marshal in place of F. W. Herring ; William K. Brown, Grand Sword Bearer; Philip Merkle, Charles B. Gray, Nathaniel Gladding, and Oliver G. Brady, Grand Stewards ; Charles E. Young, Junior Grand Deacon. The Treasurer, Secretary, and other officers were continued. Warrants were granted to nine Lodges under dispen- sation, and a tenth Warrant conditionally to Cincinnatus Lodge. In 1870 the revision of the Masonic Districts in the city of New York was made to conform to the boundaries thus : First district, Fourth Street to Twenty-second Street. Second district, Grand Street to Fourth Street. Third district, below Grand Street. Twenty-fifth district, above Twenty-second Street. AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION. Sections 11, 108, and 109, were amended to read thus : " Sec. 11. That the Grand Master may make Masons at sight, in person, and in a lawful Lodge, and may grant a Dispensation to a Lodge for the same purpose ; but in all other cases a candidate must be proposed in open Lodge, at a stated meeting, and can only be accepted at a stated meet- ing following, not less than two weeks thereafter, by the scrutiny of a secret ballot, and a unanimous vote, and must pay a fixed price before admission." " Sec. 108. There shall be annually elected by ballot a Master Mason, of approved Masonic skill and learning, and IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 159 a member in good standing of some Subordinate Lodge in this jurisdiction, who shall be styled ' Grand Lecturer,' and whose duty it shall be to attend the Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge, and shall be a member thereof; and shall, during the session, exhibit to a committee of members, to be composed of one from each Masonic district, the stand- ard of work which is approved and determined by the Grand Lodge, for the practice of the Lodges under its juris- diction. It shall also be his duty to impart said lectures to the Lodges or brethren in this State, whenever he shall be invited so to do, and may receive such compensation there- for as may be fixed by the Grand Lodge before the election, which shall not be changed during his continuance in office. He shall make an annual report of the state of proficiency of the Lodges he may visit." " Sec. 109. The Grand Lecturer, as soon as his work and lectures shall be approved by the Grand Lodge, shall ap- point one or more competent assistants in each of the judicial districts of this State, of like qualifications and character, who shall adopt and practice his standard of work, of lectures, and no others; and who shall have the like powers with himself within their respective districts; and not out of it, unless specially directed by him in case of a vacancy in another district, and be subject to like duties, and receive such compensation as shall be determined by the Grand Lodge." EIGHT WOESHIPFUL WILLIAM E. MEEEIAM. There will be found in the records the following sketch and eulogy of Deputy "W. K. Merriam of the third Masonic district : " Brother Merriam was born at Meriden, Connecticut, in 1834. He was brought to light in Masonry in Crescent Lodge, in 1860, and after service as Warden, and in other offices, was elected Master of that Lodge for 1864, and in 1866 was appointed by Grand Master Holmes Deputy of 160 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY the third Masonic district, and again appointed to that office in June, 1869. He was a lover of Masonry, its literature, principles, teachings, and practices. His sympathies were tender, and always effective in action. His report for 1867, at its close, contains a touching proof of this, in the history of his adop- tion of the orphan child of a Master Mason at the deathbed of its mother. His last official act in communication with the Grand Master was only seven days before his death, to acknowledge the receipt of the Encyclical touching the lay- ing of the corner-stone of the Masonic Temple, and then using, with its italics his own, this language : ' With congratulations upon the near approach of the day so longed for, when our new Hall shall be erected, soon, I trust, to be followed by the Asylum. The Mason must be hard-hearted who will not now put his shoulder to the wheel, and by every means at his command, help along the good cause.' Brother William B. Merriam, though comparatively a young man, was unsurpassed in his zeal for the Institution, and his uncompromising devotion to its great principles of Brotherly Love, Belief, and Truth. Guided in his daily life by the sentiments of a religious conviction, he recognized the fallibility of human nature, and held the rod of disci- pline at the dictates of a conscientious regard for prin- ciple. The cry of distress was never made to him in vain, and the little ones of our household found in him a devoted and altogether unselfish friend. He died March 9, 1870, after a brief illness, but his memory will be kept as of one who earnestly wrought his day, and deserved the crown of rest prepared from the beginning." MOST WORSHIPFUL JOHN H. ANTHON, GRAND MASTER. This zealous and eminent Mason was born in New York in 1832. He was one who labored in the moral vineyard of fraternal love with assiduity and careful solicitude. He was beloved for his enthusiastic and untiring temperament, IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 161 and he struggled for a successful close in all his benevolent designs. He possessed a richly stored mind and a brilliant oratorical talent ; he was a gentleman of fastidious refine- ment, courteous and dignified in his deportment, and be- loved by a large circle of friends. He was a politician of influence, a lawyer of rank, and of religious training. He became an active member of the Episcopal Church, and identified himself with its interests. Brother Anthon was youthful in form and feature, of countenance intelligent and refined ; but an insidious, unrec- ognized disease made inroads upon his mental powers, even before his surrender of Masonic office. His first official position to elective office in the Grand Lodge, was that of Deputy Grand Master, in 1867, which position he held for three successive years, when he was promoted to the rank and dignity of Grand Master in 1870, and was re-elected in 1871. It then became evident that his mind had begun to fail. His illness was a painful one, and his release was a happy delivery. He died October 29, 1874. On Sunday, November 1st, his body was consigned to the grave that he had personally selected, on the borders of Otsego's beautiful lake. The following are the number and names of the Grand Bodies of Masonry outside of the United States at the period of the closing of this Chapter : GBAND MASONIC BODIES IN EUROPE. NTJMBEB OF DAUGHTER LODGES. 1. Grand National Mother Lodge zu den drei Weltkugeln (Three Globes), Berlin Ill 2. Grosse Landes Loge von Deutschland (Grand Lodge of Germany), Berlin 77 3. Grosse Loge von Preussen Royal York zur Freundschaft, Berlin. 47 4. Grosse Loge von Hamburg, Hamburg 30 5. Grosse Loge zur Sonne, Baireuth 17 6. Grosse Landes Loge von Sachsen (Grand Lodge of Saxony), Dresden 18 7. Grosse Loge des eklektischen Preimaurerbundes (Eclectic Union), Frankfort 12 vol,, rv. — 11 162 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY NUMBER OF DAUGHTER LODGES. 8. Grosse Loge zur Eintracht, Darmstadt .' 9 Isolated Lodges in Germany 5 9. Grosse Loge der Sohweiz Alpina, Neuenburg 27 10. Grand Lodge of Hungary, Pesth (for the three symbolic degrees). 15 11. Grand Orient of Hungary, Pesth (Ancient and Accepted Rite). . . 18 12. Grand Lodge of England, London 1,334 13. Grand Lodge of Scotland, Edinburgh 504 14. Grand Lodge of Ireland, Dublin 337 15. Grand Orient of the Netherlands, The Hague 73 16. Supreme Conseil of Luxembourg, Luxembourg 2 17. Grand Lodge of Sweden, Stockholm 16 18. Grand Lodge of Denmark, Copenhagen 5 19. Grand Orient of Prance, Paris 321 20. Supreme Conseil of France, Paris 50 21. Grand Orient of Belgium, Brussels 60 22. Supreme Conseil of Belgium, Brussels 11 23. Grand Orient of Italy, Rome 165 24. Grand Lodge of Spain 25. Grand Orient of Lusitania, Lisbon . 57 26. Grand Orient of Greece, Athens 8 GBAND MASONIC BODIES IN AMERICA, OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. Grand Lodge of New Brunswick, St. John 28 Grand Lodge of Canada, Ontario 281 Grand Lodge of Quebec, Montreal 38 Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia, Halifax 59 Grand Lodge of British Columbia, Victoria 9 Grand Lodge of Mexico 12 Grand Orient of Hayti, Port au Prince 18 Grand Orient of San Domingo 6 Grand Orient of Cuba, Santiago 7 Grand Orient of Venezuela, Caracas 40 Grand Orient of Columbia, Bogota Grand Orient of New Grenada, Cartagena 224 Grand Orient of Peru, Lima 10 Grand Orient of Chili, Valparaiso 8 Grand Orient of Argentina, Buenos Ayres 12 Grand Orient of Uraguay, Montevideo 17 Grand Orient of Brazil, Lavradio, Rio Janeiro 56 Grand Orient of Brazil, Benedictinos, Rio Janeiro 48 AFEICA. Grand Orient of Egypt, Alexandria 8 IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 163 OHAPTEE X. 1871-1880. 1871. " Man loves acts, not words — deeds, not promises to do." JOHN H. ANTHON, GRAND MASTEE. The Grand Chaplain, Reverend John G. Webster, who delivered the second, which was the last of the addresses the Grand Lodge had deemed two years before would be annually beneficial for the Craft, took for the subject the words quoted above : " Man loves acts, not words — deeds, not promises to do." Its application was most vivid at a time when the Fraternity throughout the State, more espe- cially the portion that formed the Masonic denizens of the city, were elated by success, and, in their over joyousness, were liable to be lax in their watchfulness of the material that was entering into the structure of the Temple ; and it became essential to sound a warning note calling attention to the stone and timber that were seeking admission within the Lodges, to require the Masons to look to their acts and deeds at a time when the Brotherhood had risen to high prosperity. Masonry was prosperous, and prosperity has always been wonderfully attractive. There is no vanity so light that it will not gravitate toward the popular side. " There is no scoundrel so base that he will not ally himself with the winning party, if permitted ; and hence we shall find that the higher our Temple walls arise, and the broader the extent of the area they inclose, the more plentiful will be the offers of worthless, damaging material. It is this that 164 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY will pull them down if they shall fall. Let us remember in this regard the wise motto of Bacon, Mullum non Multa." This quotation from the Eeverend brother's address may be followed further. " In the pinch at Thermopylae, Leonidas' three hundred, who had Spartan heads upon their shoulders, and Spartan blood in their veins, were worth more to him than three hundred thousand such as those ' true patriots 7 of the dog- gerel, who, when the time of trial came, ' left their country for their country's good.' Thus, in the vicissitudes of Masonry, if ever her stability is threatened, she must look to her few faithful ones, her ' tried and true,' for support, rather than to her host of ' camp followers,' whose boldest attacks are always upon her gathered spoils. Another lesson may be ours from that bit of Spartan history. That glorious day was lost because one, only one, whom they had admitted among them, sneaked away to the foe, and divulged the secret of their strength. If they had only ' black-balled ' that one, the result of that trial would have been other than it was. Let us profit by that lesson." KELATIONSHIP WITH GEAND OBIENTS. A subject finally settled in the mind of the Grand Master, John H. Anthon, was the apparent irregularity of a Grand Lodge, with jurisdiction over three degrees, holding repre- sentation and terms of amity with Grand Orients claiming jurisdiction over a larger number. After much considera- tion, and in due course, the Grand Master stated a commis- sion had been submitted to him, which had been issued by his immediate predecessor to Brother Albert G. Goodall, accrediting him to foreign Grand Bodies as representative, which he had cancelled and annulled. The Grand Master then set forth his views in his address, which were in these words : " Brother Goodall intends to present certain friendly ap- plications from certain Masonic bodies, termed Grand Orients, in South America and Europe, and which are herewith trans- IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 165 mitted to you. In almost every instance there are conflict- ing Masonic claims of legality of Constitution, and though Brother Goodall has in some instances reported one or the other party regular, the report is not authoritative, being merely his individual opinion, and based upon principles and a system of Masonry and Masonic government wholly unknown to our Grand Lodge. Each of these Grand Orients is more or less subject to the authority of what I believe to be known as a ' Supreme Council,' which is, as its name denotes, the ultimate govern- ing body of the Masonic jurisdiction, and superior to the Grand Orient. The Supreme Council belongs to a rite, and requires for admission to its governing body the possession of degrees wholly unknown to this Grand Body, and in those countries considered and spoken of and really being " higher degrees " in their system. Bepresentation, therefore, with the Grand Orients, is a representation and treaty between the Supreme Masonic Bower in the Free and Accepted Bite (sic) ; our own, and a subordinate body in the Ancient and Accepted Bite, adopt- ing these terms as convenient. Bepresentation between the Grand Lodge and the Su- preme Councils is, of course, impracticable from the degrees additional to that of Master Mason required in those bodies, and doubtless also from the rank and authority over "in- ferior " degrees, so termed, which belong to them. In our own jurisdiction there is also a Supreme Council, which, in common with the Grand Chapter and Grand Encampment, has adopted the generous and fraternal policy of a cession of all claim to jurisdiction over the first three degrees of Masonry to the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge. This, however, is not the case with the Grand Orients now applying to us. I am myself averse to the institution of the representative system between our own Grand Lodge and Grand Orients, which, in legal governmental power, organization, ritual, and rank as independent jurisdictions, differ so widely from our Grand Lodge. Nothing in this 166 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY view conflicts with the maintenance of the most friendly relations, as is the case with the Supreme Council, in the jurisdiction of which this State is situate, which acknowl- edges, without even allusion to any claim to the contrary, the supreme control of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge over Ancient Craft Masonry in her three degrees, and among whose members are many brethren of exalted rank in our Grand Lodge." When the subject came from the committee to whom the above was referred, to wit, Brothers James Gibson, Joseph D. Evans, S. H. Johnson, John A. Foster, D. W. Tallcott, and Christopher G. Fox, the disposition of the matter was short and terse, thus : " The question of the recognition of, or correspondence with, the regular, disputed, doubtful, or spurious bodies called Grand Orients, discussed by the Most Worshipful Grand Master, has been considered by your Committee, and, for the reasons stated by the Grand Master, it is recom- mended that such recognition and correspondence cease." COBNEB-STONES LAID AND HALLS DEDICATED. On the twenty-first day of June, 18 TO, at the request of the Mayor and Common Council of the city of Oswego, the corner-stone of the City Hall of that city was laid in ample form. The Grand Lodge was honored by the escort of the following Commanderies : Lake Ontario, Watertown, Home. Central City, and Norwich. Halls were dedicated in ample form for : Shekomeko Lodge, No. 458, at Washington Hollow. Phillipstown Lodge, No. 236, at Cold Spring. Henry Clay Lodge, No. 277, New York City. Wappinger's, No. 671, at Wappinger's Falls. Evening Star, No. 75, West Troy. This last was a dedication of a third room, after the destruction of two previous Lodge-rooms by fire. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 167 On the fourth day of July, 1870, the corner-stone of the First Methodist Episcopal Church was laid at West Danby, by Worshipful Brother C. A. Murray, Master of Spencer Lodge, No. 290. The Hall of Avoca Lodge, No. 673, was dedicated by Eight Worshipful Brother Horace P. John- son, Deputy Grand Master of the twentieth district, by special dispensation. AN ASIDE AS TO " FEMALE MASONRY." In a rather winning way, Grand Master Anthon com- mented upon the beneficial effects of public ceremonies which he claimed tended to strengthen the Institution, and stated : " That such mode of ceremony offered a bold chal- lenge to investigation where public feeling was adverse to Masonry, which our enemies are usually slow to answer and we do not fear to provoke. Especially is this true in refer- ence to ladies attending such celebrations. Debarred as they are from any admission to Masonry, or to anything which Masonry acknowledges as belonging to itself, except its charity and love, they can, by witnessing these public ceremonials, be convinced of the purity of our teaching ; for it would be a baseness almost indescribable to speak such language in public and before them as Ave do in these services, and a different tongue in our private assemblies. I say that this is the only way in which we can appeal to those whose esteem we value more highly, perhaps, than any other, because you well know that no such things as Female Masonry, or side degrees, or the like, are recognized in Masonry. I fear, indeed, that serious evil may result from the so-called degrees, an apprehension strengthened in my mind by numerous applications for aid made to me by ladies whose only hope of proving a Masonic claim was a badge or sign, or some other at- tempted proof that they belonged to some side degree, some branch of Female Masonry, of which I, of course, knew nothing." 168 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY DISPENSATIONS DISAPPEOVED. Grand Master John H. Anthon held the ground, not only that except in special localities was there no need for more Lodges, but that the number was already excessive; and further claimed that the granting of Dispensations for leave to confer the third degree in a less than a regular period, was over-riding a provision of the Constitution, and ap- proached nearly to the most arbitrary prerogative claimed by Grand Masters, that of making Masons at sight. Ten Lodges that had been warranted were constituted, and seven Dispensations for establishing Lodges had been granted, during the year. The Grand Officers of 1870 were all continued in office during the year 1871. The legislature of the State had released all the premises to be covered by the Masonic Hall from taxation. LANDMARKS, CONSTITUTION, DECISIONS. The careful consideration of what are termed the Land- marks, in conjunction with the Constitution of the Grand Lodge, quickly revealed to the Grand Master many incon- gruities and some direct antagonisms. These the Grand Master set forth, and finally suggested that a commission should be appointed to revise the entire law, alleging that it had become a very unsafe guide. Further, the innumerable decisions of Grand Masters had forced the Grand Master to quoting the apt phrase which Dickens places in the mouth of Mr. "Wititterly speaking of his spouse: "She forms and expresses an immense variety of opinions upon an immense variety of subjects." It is a question whether a decision on any subject could not have been found to suit every taste, even that of the most fastidious. This led to the new revision. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 169 HALL AND ASYLUM. The subject of constructing the Hall was very absorbing. The revenue from initiations was important ; and yet, while applicants were excessive in number, the accepted initiates to May 1, 1870, were less than in several successive years, being 6,778. The membership had reached 75,262, and the roll of Lodges 649. The receipts from rent had closed ; but from other sources, in addition to the cash in hand at last report, to wit, $44,- 887.58, the receipts had amounted to $115,873.11. Among the larger sums contributing to this amount may be men- tioned initiations, $20,277 ; a Masonic picnic, $5,000 ; the Grand Commandery of the State, $3,000; and the Grand Chapter, $7,000. Donations from Lodges were generous. Nevertheless the committee appointed at the last Communi- cation to devise a practical plan for the organization and internal management of the Masonic Hall when established, reported in 1871 that the sum of about $395,000 had been expended on real estate, foundation, basement, and internal supporting walls, and the obtainment of much granite, etc. ; that the construction would require in addition about $400,000 more. The purpose of the committee was to reserve all receipts from rents, etc., of the building when finished, for the benefit of the Asylum, the construction of which was to follow. The completion of the Hall was ex- pected within a year, and that its revenue would furnish an annual sum of $60,000. It is not difficult to discern from the above that the anticipated cost of the Hall would be in the neighborhood of $800,000. The Building Committee of the Hall met with a severe loss in their labors in consequence of the death of BKOTHEK GEOEGE E. JACKSON on the 1st of September, 1870, in the sixtieth year of his age. His abilities were of a high order, and to his opinions many 170 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY deferred during the progress of the work. He was not only a faithful workman, but a tried and constant friend to the Fraternity. He was constant and well known, beloved by a host of workmen in his employment, who showed their respect and sorrow on the mournful occasion of his funeral. His associations had been very extensive in business life, and in social, charitable, and educational institutions. In Masonry he had been initiated in Independent Boyal Arch, No. 2, in 1842, but afterwards became a bosom friend of Brother Wilson Small, and thus joined the Lodge to which he belonged, Manitou Lodge, No. 106. Notwithstanding the general interest and anxiety felt as to the progress of the construction of the Hall, the sum of $6,621.79 had been received for disbursement by the Masonic Board of Belief of the City of New York, which was apart from the continuous nightly contributions directly made "by the Lodges. FRANCO-GEKMAN WAE. While the great Brotherhood of the State of New York were in the midst of their season of joy and congratulations as to the progress of Freemasonry, and were dreaming of " King Solomon in all his glory " having had a Temple in Jerusalem little superior to what, in brief time, would be a crowning Masonic Hall in the metropolitan city, the French and the Germans were in the midst of that dire calamity — war. Appeals, threats, protests, were daily dis- cussed. Anathema against King William and his son were hurled by the frantic French Free Masons. As usual, reli- gious sectarianism was dragged into the discussion by the fanatics of northern and as well those of southern Europe. The serio-comic would loom up at times, and in the hurling paper thunderbolts, stray shots were found to be aimed against the Masonic Fraternity of the United States. These sectarian, harmless bombs of air were amusing to Bomanists and to Protestants ; perhaps more to the former. Herein is IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 171 quoted one taken from, an ultramontane paper, published at Munich. Ignorance, fanaticism and intolerance could not be better exemplified than in this extract. Pdbre Ameri- ' ccmo ! "They all occupy themselves exclusively with politics, and the Civil War, which lasted nearly five years, and con- sequently spread mischief and brought bankruptcy and poverty to the masses of Europe, by drawing thousands of millions of florins to America, was the result of the machi- nations of the Masonic Lodges, that were animated by the most intense hatred against the Catholic Southern States. The power of the Southern States had to be broken ; they had to be ruined politically and financially, so that the irre- ligious, infidel North, that held the reins, might do as it pleased, and, in time, also interfere with all its power in European quarrels. After the Catholic Southern States of this 'Land of Liberty,' as people love to call the United States, were broken down, ruined, and disfranchised, some- what in the manner that certain people would desire to break down, ruin, and disfranchise the free Catholic peasantry in Bavaria, and unable to offer further obstacles to their nefa- rious plans, the Free Masons of the North could not consent to the formation of a powerful Catholic Imperialism close to its borders. The native born and immigrated Free Masons strained every nerve to remove the 'evil,' which was accomplished in the death of Maximilian. The Chief of American Freemasonry possessed an im- mense palace in "Washington. It had four immense towers, and was situated next to the ' White House,' the residence of the President. This palace was set on fire by a Southron, on the 24th of January, 1865, on which occasion a great deal of material, and among the rest the correspondence with Julius Frobel, was destroyed. The Supreme Masonic Government at Washington (the Smithsonian Institution) is in correspondence with the whole world, and also with the South German press, in order to institute Lodges everywhere for the purpose of extending and spreading the power of Freemasonry. 172 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY The directing Jew Lodge in New York is particularly active in this 'spreading.' It has established a peculiar ' system 7 for that purpose, which, in the shortest possible time, has been successful of the most extended propagation, because there are Jews and Free Masons everywhere, as there are dogs and fleas. Thus the star spangled banner of North America has become the flag under which, at the present moment, there is being collected the whole of the Masonic revolutionary power, whose motto, according to the Frie- maurer Zeitwng of Leipsic, is : ' All influential enemies of the Free Masons must be annihilated.' " STANDARD WORK. The Grand Lodge on the 8th of June, 1871, adopted the following : " Resolved, That it is the opinion of the Representatives to this Grand Lodge, that Eight Worshipful George H. Ray- mond, Grand Lecturer, has practiced, and is in possession of, the standard work heretofore adopted by this Grand Lodge. Joseph Koch, Chairman, for Committee" In connection therewith a committee recommended the following motto : " In essentials, unity ; in non-essentials, liberty ; in all things, charity." MASONIC LIBRARY AND LIBRARIAN. At the instance of Brother J. G. Barker, in 1870, a Libra- rian was appointed to classify, arrange, and catalogue the books and other publications contained in the Library of the Grand Lodge. Brother Barker having received the appoint- ment, reported his progress in 1871, and was continued at such service. The files of twenty-two Grand Lodges were reported complete, and that much material then unarranged was gradually being brought into a condition of usefulness. Money bad been appropriated for the uses of the Library, IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 173 and in 1873 two hundred and fifty dollars were further allowed. > MUSICAL DIRECTOR. At the suggestion of Brother Eeeves E. Selmes, the Grand Master was authorized to appoint a Musical Director of the 1 Grand Lodge, who should have charge and direction of the music during the Annual Communication, and on all occasions of ceremony, etc., in which the Grand Lodge takes part ; such services to be without compensation. Whereupon the Grand Master appointed Brother William F. Sherwin as Musical Director. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. Resolved, That section 23 of the Constitution be amended, by inserting after the word "permission," the following words ; viz., " by unanimous consent," so that that portion of the said section shall read : " A Lodge may not initiate any person without due inquiry, and without being satisfied, in a Masonic manner, that he has not been previously rejected, or otherwise refused admission to Masonry ; and if upon in- quiry it shall be so ascertained, then not until six months after such rejection or refusal ; nor until written permission, by unanimous consent, shall be obtained from the Lodge that rejected him," etc. Resolved, That section 49 of the Constitution be amended by adding thereto, after the last period, the following words : " Provided, however, that a Lodge may enact and enforce a by-law which will disfranchise a member at an election for officers, without striking his name from the roll." 1872. THE BURNING OF CHICAGO. The terrible calamity of October, 1871, the burning of Chicago, was the continuous subject of consideration and of active charity in all branches of life, in all sections of the 174 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY United States, and, indeed, demaifding sympathy from for- eign countries, and receiving practical assistance from them. Freemasonry was behind no organization in its rapidity and effectiveness in responding to the cry of distress, and the Grand Lodge of New York, John Henry Anthon, Grand Master, came nobly to the front. The city of Chicago, Illinois, is at the mouth of the Chi- cago Kiver, on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. Its name was of Indian origin, signifying " wild onion." "We first hear of the location from a Frenchman who visited the spot in 1671. A stockade fort was built there in 1803, called Fort Dearborn. In September, 1833, a treaty was made for the lands with the Pottawatomies. The first charter of the city is dated March 4, 1837. The fire of 1871 destroyed 18,000 houses, extending over 2,000 acres. Two hundred people perished, and 100,000 were made homeless. The financial loss was calculated at $200,000,000. It is unnecessary to say the city was rebuilt immediately, indeed within two years. The loss in life and property demanded instant activity on the part of all associations of a humanitarian nature, and the Grand Masters of the Grand Lodges of Masons were prompt in response. Appeals were immediately made, and the amounts collected forwarded without delay; that of the Grand Master of New York, dated October 9, 1870, resulted in a report from the Grand Master of Illinois acknowledg- ing $17,536.70. This was exclusive of the $3,313 sent to Michigan, and $735 to Wisconsin, whose people were also sufferers. In 1873 the Grand Master of Illinois, Dewitt C. Cregier, returned, as the New York proportion of a surplus over necessities, the sum of $3,404.17, which was devoted to the Hall and Asylum Fund. The Grand Secretary, James M. Austin, announced that during the year ending May 1, 1871, the number of ini- tiates had been 6,142; six hundred and thirty-one Lodges made returns and paid dues, and the total membership on that date was 77,079; nine Dispensations for new Lodges IN THE STATE OP NEW TOEK. 175 had been granted, and the total receipts were $258,981.21, of which $199,146.85 was for loan and bonds sold. Total number of members registered, 77,079. , The Treasurer of the Hall and Asylum Fund presented for critical examination a detailed statement of the same, from its inception in 1843 up to March 16, 1872, a statement which showed its growth from year to year ; its amount at the close of each year, with the character of investments, and the general management of the same by each Board of Trustees ; the extent of contributions, and by whom made, until March 16, 1872, when it amounted to $650,668.54; of which amount there was invested in the unfinished Hall, $621,463.81, and cash remaining in bank at that date, $29,204.73. The Fraternity of the State was continuously called upon to lay COENEB-STONES FOE PUBLIC BUILDINGS and religious organizations. During the year six may be enumerated : The corner-stone of the new Court House at Owego was laid by Past Grand Master Clinton F. Paige. The corner-stone of the Masonic Temple at Troy was laid by Brother George Babcock. The corner-stone of the Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church at Buffalo was laid by Brother Christopher G. Fox, Deputy Grand Master, a gratifying instance of the increas- ing toleration of many religious denominations of our Fra- ternity. The corner-stone of a monument to the soldiers of Morris, Otsego County, New York, who died in the service of their country in the late war, was laid by Brother Cook of that place. On the day of the Festival of St. John the Baptist, the corner-stone of the New Capitol at Albany was laid in ample form, the Governor of the State delivering the address. 176 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY The corner-stone of the Union Presbyterian Church at Newburgh was laid by Brother G. Frederick "Wiltsie. The beautiful Temple at Troy, and the Masonic apart- ments of a new Hall at Staten Island were dedicated. The representative of the Grand Lodge of New York near that of the Most "Worshipful Grand National Mother Lodge of the Three Globes, Berlin, was the esteemed BEOTHEE GUSTAVE ADOLPH PETEESSEN, the Grand Keeper of the Archives of that foreign Grand Body. He was born November 15, 1799, in Tarnowke, near Flatow, in West Prussia. He was initiated in Masonry November 23, 1823, in the Lodge Crowned Lion, at Dantzig, and later became a mem- ber of the Lodge Three Seraphim, in Berlin. In public life Brother Peterssen held the office of " Confi- dential Inspector of Accounts " in the office of the Minister of War. Brother Peterssen was the first who attempted to bring about a union between the German Grand Lodges and that of New York, the former having previously rejected all communication. He was proposed in 1866, by Eight Worshipful Brother Bauer, to the Grand Lodge of New York, as its represent- ative to the Grand Lodge of the Three Globes ; he was appointed, received, and acted as such to the date of his death, March 4, 1872. Brother Peterssen was a firm advocate of religious tolera- tion, an earnest opponent of the violation of Grand Lodge jurisdiction, and a steady supporter of American Masonry against the assaults of German Masonry and the German press. THE GEAND LODGES OF UTAH AND OF BEITISH COLUMBIA were extended a fraternal recognition and welcome in the list of corresponding regular Grand Lodges. i/^J^.(yyxS GRAND MUSTER, 1872-3. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 177 The Grand Master of New Jersey, "William F. Pine, com- municated his declaration that the newly instituted Lodge .known as LODGE BETON ZTJM LICHT, NO. 3, in the city of Hoboken, Hudson County, New Jersey, was a spurious, illegal, and clandestine Lodge, claiming to be Masonic, and receiving its authority from the Grand Lodge of Hamburg. The Grand Master, in issuing his protest, invited the co-operation of all other Grand Lodges in resist- ing the jurisdictional invasion. ELECTION OF GEAND OFFICERS. \ The office of Grand Master was filled by the selection of Christopher G. Fox of Buffalo; on the third ballot for Deputy Grand Master, Elwood E. Thorne was selected. Brothers Edmund L. Judson, James W. Husted, James M. Austin, John W. Simons, the three Chaplains, also the Grand Pursuivant, Grand Tiler, and Grand Lecturer were severally re-elected. CHEISTOPHEE G. FOX, PAST GEAND MASTEE. The active life of Past Grand Master Fox herein de- scribed, is an excellent index to the qualities of the man, his earnestness, self-reliance, and determination of character. Being early wedded to the principles of Freemasonry, we find him entering its portals in his younger years and ener- getically following them not only in symbolic Masonry, but in its departments, more especially in the capitular line. Brother Fox was Deputy of the twenty -second Masonic district in 1866, at which time, upon the request of the Trustees of Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo, after a parade of the Masonic Fraternity, in which as the representative of the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, and being escorted by two Commanderies of Knights Templars, he laid the base of the monumental memorial of the cemetery grounds Septem- VOL. IV. — 12 178 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY ber 28, 1866. Again, in June, 1869, he laid the corner-stone, with Masonic honors, of Firemen's Monument in Buffalo. Past Grand Masters Christopher G. Fox and James Gib- son were prominent on the committee, in 1871, which closed the recognition of Grand Orients and Supreme Grand Cen- tral Powers by the Grand Lodge of New York, for reasons presented by Grand Master John H. Anthon in his annual . address. Brother Fox laid the corner-stone of Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church in Buffalo. The calamity of the Chicago fire had just preceded his reign as Grand Master. And during his Mastership occurred the first occupancy of Masonic Hall in New York City. On January 20, 1876, Grand Master Fox dedicated the Lockport new Masonic Hall, under the auspices of three prominent Masonic Lodges in that locality. In 1867, under Grand Master Stephen H. Johnson, Brother Christopher G. Fox received the elective position of Junior Grand "Warden, and in the succeeding two years was elected Senior Grand Warden ; this official service was followed by two succeeding terms, 1870 and 1871, as Deputy Grand Master ; and in 1872 and again in 1873, Brother Fox was elected Grand Master of Masons of the State. Brother Fox has always felt a deep interest in Capitular Masonry, and for many years has been the continuous Grand Secretary of the Grand Chapter of Koyal Arch Masons of the State. The Grand Master made the following appointments for 1872 : Charles Roome, Grand Marshal ; Seymour H. Stone, Grand Standard Bearer ; George Yan Yliet, Grand Sword Bearer ; Henry A. Bichey, Levi M. Gano, Charles B. Wade, Frank M. Hopkins, Grand Stewards ; James B. King, Senior Grand Deacon ; Isaac Teichman, Junior Grand Deacon. Nine Lodges that had been established by dispensation, , having shown their proficiency and complied with all the forms of Masonic law, were granted Charters. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 179 1873. AT HOME. The realized possibility, the occupation of their own Hall, was an event to the New York Mason that can be measured only by enthusiasts. Let the Grand Master, Christopher G. Fox, speak. In his opening address on the 3d of June, 1873, in the Grand Lodge room, Masonic Hall, Twenty-third Street and Sixth Avenue, New York City, the Grand Master said : "The auspicious event which characterizes our present meeting marks a new era in the history of this Grand Lodge, now for the first time duly assembled within an edifice wholly the property of the brethren who compose its widely extended and influential jurisdiction ; and, though the building is uncompleted, they regard it with pride, and justly esteem it the harbinger of the accomplishment of an undertaking dear to their hearts. Their zealous labor in the past has furnished the Grand Lodge a seat of government whence its laws will be promulgated and its judgments pro- nounced, and where its archives will be securely preserved to their posterity. And they will yet, in compliance with the original plan, build the Asylum — a refuge for their aged and indigent, and the widows and orphans dependent on them for protection and support. That work may be hindered and impeded by indifference and local prejudice, but their efforts will surmount all difficulties ; and time, silent but inevitable, yet observant, will witness the consummation of the Hall and Asylum, projected generations since by the Grand Lodge of New York, when she will rank the first among her equals for benevolence and charity." The receipts from all sources, by the Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund, for the year, had reached $167,386.62, of which, however, $74,841.70 were from the sale of bonds and a loan from the National Trust Company. Little over $18,000 remained of the cash that had been paid in from all sources, amounting to $837,339.01. Of this sum the indebtedness was $271,000. 180 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY The most indefatigable worker in raising funds by dona- tion for the Hall was the unique Brother Isaac H. Brown, the sexton of Grace Church, that stood on Broadway, north of Tenth Street. His services were worth thousands of dol- lars to the fund. His portly bearing and exquisite humor debarred every one from saying nay to his command, " Stand and deliver," in so excellent a charitable cause. Notwithstanding enthusiasm existed as to the possession and occupancy of a magnificent Hall by the Fraternity, it was essential for the trustees and Grand Officers to continu- ally rally the brethren in order to obtain needed funds for the completion of the building. The Committee of Ten in their report said : " When three years ago the corner-stone was laid, furnishing a most tangible evidence of having a Hall of our own, it was thought that under the inspiration of that step, the means necessary to complete not only the Hall, but also to carry out the much more important object of the building of the Asylum, would come forth generously and amply ; but it has not been so. While the trustees of the fund have put forth every effort, used every exertion, and, under the vote of the representatives in Grand Lodge assembled, have erected the Hall, trusting to the support of the Fraternity of this jurisdiction, it is not a source of con- gratulation to us, that they have done so under difficulties, and that owing to financial weakness they have been com- pelled to borrow money and mortgage the property to secure the means wherewith to complete the same. The debt thus created only tends to put off the day when the Asylum can be erected. It is a debt that should be met at once by the Fraternity of the State. We of the Empire State occupy a proud rank as a Body, and we should never allow our reputation to be tarnished by the dragging along of this noble object. There should be an incentive for this result, because the proper reward for the long years of effort, and the accumula- tion of funds will only be realized when we have the Asylum, where the aged Craftsmen, the dependent widow, and the helpless orphan may, indeed, realize that Masonry has a IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 181 power of great good within itself. The Hall is a monument of our enterprise, but the Asylum would be an enduring monument of our charity." To enable the trustees to more satisfactorily conduct the affairs incident to the construction and management of the Masonic Hall and Asylum, an amendment was obtained to the Law of 1864, in this text : CHAPTER 503. An act to amend an act entitled "An act to incorporate the trustees of the Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund," passed April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and sixty- four. Passed May 14, 1873. t The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : Section 1. The third section of chapter two hundred and seventy-two, of the Laws of eighteen hundred and sixty- four, being an act entitled " An act to incorporate the trus- tees of the Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund," passed April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, is hereby amended so as to read as follows : " Sec. 3. The corporation hereby created is hereby author- ized and empowered to take and hold real and personal estate, by gift, purchase, legacy, devise, or otherwise, to an amount . not exceeding in value two millions of dollars, for the purposes of its corporation, subject to the limitations now prescribed by law." Sec 2. The said corporation, for the purpose of complet- ing the Masonic Hall in the city of New York, and of erect- ing and completing such other building or buildings as a majority of such trustees may deem necessary and proper, for the use of the said corporation, and to carry into effect its objects, is hereby authorized and empowered to issue its bonds of denominations of one thousand dollars and five hundred dollars each, payable on the fifteenth day of Sep- tember, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, with interest at 182 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY and after the rate of seven per cent, per annum, payable semi-annually, under the seal of the said corporation, and signed by its president and secretary, not exceeding in gross amount the sum of one-half of the fair market value of the real estate of the said corporation, located on the corner of Sixth Avenue and Twenty-third Street, in the city of New York, and known as the Masonic Hall, to be determined by three appraisers, to be designated by the superintendent of the banking department. The amount for which said bonds are to be issued, to be determined by resolution of the Board of Trustees, duly entered upon the minutes of the proceed- ings of said Board. The said bonds may be made payable to bearer or to order, and shall have interest coupons attached thereto; and to secure the full and prompt pay- ment at maturity of the principal sum for which said bonds shall be issued, and the semi-annual interest thereon, as the same from time to time accrue, the said corporation is here- by authorized and empowered to deliver to one or more trustees, in trust for the benefit of the holders of said bonds, a mortgage on the whole of the real estate aforesaid now owned by such corporation, which mortgage shall contain all necessary provisions to facilitate the collection of the several amounts for which said bonds shall be given and the interest to accrue thereon, by foreclosure, by advertise- ment, or otherwise, and shall be duly acknowledged and duly recorded in the county wherein the lands therein described are situated. And as a further and additional security for the payment, at maturity, of said principal sum for which said bonds shall be issued, and of said bonds, the said corporation shall insure and keep insured, in respon- sible insurance companies, all buildings situated upon the property aforesaid, to an amount equal to at least one-half the fair value of such buildings, which said policies shall be transferred to and owned by the trustee or trustees afore- said, to and for the benefit of the owners of any bonds issued under the provisions of this act. And when such mortgage shall have been executed by affixing thereto the seal of said corporation, and signing thereto the names of IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 183 the president and secretary of such Board of Trustees, and shall have been acknowledged and recorded as aforesaid, and said property shall have been insured as aforesaid, it shall and may be lawful for any savings bank or institu- tion incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, to purchase the bonds authorized by this act, and to invest the funds in the same, anything in the act incorporating such savings bank or institution to the contrary thereof notwithstanding, but not to exceed ten per cent, of the assets of said corporation shall be invested in said bonds. Sec. 3. The said Board of Trustees are hereby authorized and empowered to rent such part or parts* of said Masonic Hall, now being erected by them, on the corner of Sixth avenue and Twenty-third Street, in the city of JSTew York, and such part or parts of any other building or buildings erected or to be erected and owned by such corporation, as in their judgment shall not be required for actual use and occupancy for Masonic objects and purposes, to such indi- viduals or corporations as they may select, for mercantile and other uses and purposes, and to sue for, recover, and collect the rents from time to time accruing thereon, and to use and appropriate the funds to be derived from such rent- ing for the benevolent, educational, and charitable purposes mentioned and provided in said act hereby amended. Sec. 4. All acts or parts of acts, and all laws of the State of New York inconsistent herewith, are hereby repealed. Sec. 5. This act shall take effect immediately. THE SECOND FAIE OF THE GKAND LODGE was largely instigated by Brother Ellwood E. Thorne, assisted by many brothers, among them specially James E. Morrison, K. H. Thomas, George Yan Yliet, John Boyd, John C. Boak, John F. Baldwin, Warren C. Bennett, Charles D. Brown, Jerome Buck, J. J. Couch, James Davis, Z. Dederick, Charles De Forest, M. H. Decker, James M. Fuller, James "W. Husted, Charles K. Hyde, Samuel Jones, Julius Katzenberg, Kobert Macoy, ~W. S. Paterson, Thomas 184 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY P. Pascall, Charles Roome, William Sinclair, Isaac D. Simonson, Horace S. Taylor, Isaac Teichman, A. A. Valen- tine, Anthony Yeoman, and scores of others, who entered upon the work with a determination to win success^ which they did at Apollo Hall, in Twenty-eighth Street, near Broadway, opening the fair on March 15th, and closing the same April 12, 1873, and producing $47,078.48, less for expenses, $5,791.73. Much of this admirable result was from the unremitting service of the ladies, who were en- titled to and received due acknowledgment. During the year the total amount from the fair was increased to $50,921.45. Seventeen new Lodges were organized during the year under dispensation. The Lodges that made returns were 635, with a total membership of 79,079. The number of initiates for the year ending May 1, 1872, was 5,690. C0ENEE-ST0NE8 LAID AND HALLS DEDICATED. The demands for the public ceremonies of the Fraternity were frequent and generally permitted ; it was a source of gratification that the solemn and impressive rites of the Fraternity, with their attendant festivities, were in every case properly conducted, and with beneficial results to the Craft. On the 24th of June, on the invitation of the Commission- ers, the corner-stone of the City and County Hall, in course of erection by the city of Buffalo, county of Erie, was laid at Buffalo, with the usual ceremonies, in the presence of a large and appreciative audience. On the 4th of July, Ellwood E. Thome, Deputy Grand Master, laid the corner-stone of the Soldiers' Monument at Sing Sing. On the 28th of May, at the invitation of proper authority, the corner-stone of the new City Hall in the city of Eoches- ter was laid with the solemn and impressive ceremonies of Masonry. On the 18th of September, at the request of the Board of IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 185 Managers, the corner-stone of the Buffalo State Asylum for the Insane was laid at Buffalo, in the presence of the Chief Magistrate and other officers of the State Government and a large concourse of citizens. On the 29th of May the new and fine Hall of Evans Lodge, No. 261, at Angola, was dedicated with the pre- scribed ceremonies of the Craft. September 14th, the rooms of Metropolitan Lodge, No. 273, in the city of New York, were solemnly dedicated by Ellwood E. Thorne, Deputy Grand Master. On the 11th of July, John C. Boak, Deputy for the second district, acting under a Dispensation issued by the Deputy Grand Master, dedicated the fine Hall erected by "Wa war- sing Lodge, No. 582, at Ellenville. August 16th, the new and commodious Hall of Blazing Star Lodge, No. 694, at East Aurora, was dedicated with appropriate ceremony. On the 10th of November, Ellwood E. Thorne, Deputy Grand Master, in the presence of a large body of Masons and other citizens, dedicated and consecrated with solemn service the burial plot of the " Masonic Board of Belief of "Williamsburg," at Cypress Hills Cemetery. November 14th, the new and elegant apartments designed for the use of the Craft of the city of Rochester, were appropriately dedicated to the purposes of Masonry. On the 6th of December, George J. Gardner, Deputy for the sixteenth district, dedicated a new Hall suitably fitted up for the use of Centerville Lodge, No. 648, at Centerville. December 12th, the new and beautiful Hall of Oneida Lodge, No. 270, at Oneida, was dedicated with the usual ceremony. On the 22d of January, Norman Z. Baker, Deputy for the tenth district, dedicated the new and fine Hall of Montgom- ery Lodge, No. 504, at Stillwater. On the same day Eev. John G. "Webster, Grand Chaplain, in the unavoidable absence of the District Deputy, and act- ing under dispensation, dedicated a new Hall for the use of "Weedsport Lodge, No. 385, at "Weedsport. 186 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY May 2d, Ellwood E. Thorne, Deputy Grand Master, dedi- cated Euclid Lodge Rooms at Stella Hall in the city of Brooklyn. October 4th, at high twelve, Ellwood E. Thorne, Deputy Grand Master, officiated at the ceremony of placing the capstone of the Masonic Hall in the city of New York in proper position. The local officers of the Grand Lodge and many brethren were present and participated in the exer- cises, which were of a very interesting character. The representatives of the Lodges being in harmony, the Grand Officers were all re-elected. LAWS ENABLING LODGES TO TAKE AND HOLD PEOPEETY. There was much said, in the various Communications, against Lodges obtaining acts of incorporation by State legislation, arguing that none such should be accepted by any Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons ; and if obtained and accepted, the authority of the Grand Lodge should be exercised to prevent any use of it by the Subordinate Lodge. The Committee on Foreign Correspondence entered upon the subject sufficiently to present the matter clearly. " The case of Austin against Searing (16 New York Reports, 112), was referred to, which was an action brought against the former treasurer of a Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and others to compel payment and restoration of the property and funds of the Lodge in his and their hands, at the time of their expulsion, to the members in good standing of the Lodge on its Charter being restored by the Grand Body of that Qrder. The case involved the rights of all voluntary, unincorporated associations to hold property and enforce any right in the courts ; in other words, to determine whether such bodies had any statw in the courts for the protection of their property. The questions thus raised were vital to the welfare of the Fraternity of Masons as well as to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 187 The Court of Appeals determined the case in favor of the defendants, deciding substantially that such Lodges being composed of unincorporated associations, the members were individually tenants, in common, of all the property ; and each individual member, getting any part of it, could hold possession as long as he pleased, subject to an examination in a court of law, and if it was determined that the same had been unjust or irregular, the court might order his restoration. The validity of a by-law. of a corporation is also examinable in the courts, and even the question of its reasonableness ; and if deemed unreasonable, it will be set aside, and one expelled for its violation will be ordered to be restored. This last was held by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, as to a by-law forbidding one member from vilifying another, on pain of expulsion; the court holding that the penalty of expulsion was too severe, the restoration of the offender was ordered. There are other evils arising from an incorporation, which, for obvious reasons, can only be alluded to without specifi- cation. Thus, attempts to enforce Masonic duties and obli- gations would necessarily be futile, because our Lodges would never submit to their being examined, and their reasonable- ness or propriety made the subject of judicial examination and determination. We have endeavored to show, as far as we felt it per- missible, the impropriety, and, indeed, danger of incorporat- ing Lodges, because we know that many Lodges have become so unthinkingly, or not being aware of the consequences. We would suggest that the Grand Lodges prevent it in future, and cause such as have, to surrender or cease to act under the Charter." THE CODE OF PROCEDURE. Brother John L. Lewis, Past Grand Master, from the Committee on the Constitution, presented a Code of Pro- cedure, which was adopted for Masonic trials and appeals under the Constitution. 188 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY DEATHS OF FOREIGN GRAND OFFICERS OF MASONRY. The United States Minister to Eussia, Hon. James L. Orr, Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of South Caro- lina, died at St. Petersburg early in 1873, and his body- was brought to this country. He had been a Confederate colonel, senator, and governor. In its transit through the city of New York, due Masonic honors were paid to the remains by the Craft generally, under direction of the Deputy Grand Master, with an especial escort of Eoyal Arch Masons and Knights Templars, forming in all an imposing funeral cortege. A bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church, George Maxwell Eandall, Past Grand Master of Masons of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, in the years 1852-54, died September 28, 1873, beloved in all lands for his many virtues ; and the Eight Worshipful Charles W. Moore, Grand Pursuivant in 1832, Eecording Grand Secretary for thirty- four years (until 1867), for one year Deputy Grand Master, and for five years Corresponding Grand Secretary of the same State, died during the administration of Grand Master Christopher G. Fox. The publicity given to the death of Eight "Worshipful Nathaniel French, Provincial Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of England in the Bahamas, in consequence of a pre- sumed foul attack in the streets of New York City, and the unfortunate burial in an unknown grave without recog- nition, notwithstanding the most diligent search by the Masonic brethren, is an unpleasant incident of record. REVISION OF THE CONSTITUTION. It had become evident to the officers of the Grand Lodge, in fact, to the Fraternity of the State, that the Constitution, with its annual amendments since 1860, had undergone many essential changes, which, with alterations to the Stat- utes or Eegulations and the multitudinous decisions of Grand Masters, left the brethren in an uncertainty as to IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 189 what was the governing law and wherein they might unconsciously overstep the bounds of liability to Masonic law and usage. A determined action was conceived and adjudged essential by the ruling elements of the Grand Lodge in 1870 ; and during the two succeeding years the subject received necessary progression through the hands of a committee. As to the adoption of the new Constitution in 1873, the Grand Master announced that the votes of 237 Lodges had been submitted. That 182 votes were in the affirmative and 51 in the negative ; four other votes being indifferent as to the result, except that the subject was left to the judgment and discretion of their representatives. Many amendments were suggested, and the Grand Lodge in its patience considered them all. From day to day the amendments were examined, debated, and disposed of. On the morning of June 5, 1873, the report of the Com- mittee on the Amendments of the Constitution was adopted. CONSTITUTION AND STATUTES OP THE GRAND LODGE OF FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. Adopted June 6, 1873. The Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New York, by their Grand Officers and [Representatives in Grand Lodge assembled, at an Annual Communication thereof, in accordance with existing Constitutions and Laws, do ordain and establish the following Constitution and Statutes : 190 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. Of the Grand Lodge. Section 1. The style of this Grand Lodge shall be " The Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New York." Sec. 2. The government of Free and Accepted Masons is reposed : 1. In Grand Lodges ; and, 2. In Subordinate, or Particular Lodges. Sec. 3. This Grand Lodge has supreme and exclusive juris- diction over all matters of Ancient Craft Masonry within the territorial limits of the State of New York. Sec. 4. This Grand Lodge shall be composed of all its Grand Officers, the Past Grand Masters, Past Deputy Grand Masters, Past Grand "Wardens, Past Grand Treasurers, Past Grand Secretaries, and one representative from each Lodge, who shall be the Master ; one of the Wardens in the order of seniority, or a proxy duly appointed by the Lodge ; the members of the Commission of Appeals, according to the rules prescribed by the Constitution of this Grand Lodge ; and also of all such Past Masters of Lodges under this jurisdiction as were elected and installed and served one year in the chair of Master prior to the thirty-first day of December, 1849. But it may, at its pleasure, and by duly altering its Constitu- tion, enlarge or diminish the numbers and qualification of its members, provided no one can be a member of this Grand Lodge unless he be a member of some Lodge within this jurisdiction. Sec. 5. The following Grand Officers shall be elected annually at the Annual Communications of this Grand Lodge: A Grand Master, Deputy Grand Master, Senior Grand "Warden, Junior Grand "Warden, Grand Treasurer, Grand Secretary. The following Grand Officers shall be appointed by the IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 191 Grand Master at the Annual Communication, or within thirty days after the close thereof, or as vacancies may occur, to hold office during his pleasure, namely : A District Deputy Grand Master for each Masonic dis- trict, three Grand Chaplains, a Grand Marshal, Grand Stand- ard Bearer, Grand Sword Bearer, four Grand Stewards, a Senior Grand Deacon, a Junior Grand Deacon, a Grand Lecturer, a Grand Librarian, a Grand Pursuivant and a Grand Tiler. Sec. 6. The Grand Lodge shall meet annually, in the city of New York, on the first Tuesday of June. Special Communications may be called by the Grand Master, but no legislation affecting the general interest of the Craft shall be made, repealed, or changed, except at the Annual Communication. Sec. 7. The representatives of ten Lodges, convened on due notice to all the Lodges, shall be indispensably necessary to open the Grand Lodge or transact business therein, ex- cept on occasions of ceremony, when the Grand Master or his representative, with a sufficient number of brethren, may open the Grand Lodge and transact the business for which it is called. Sec. 8. The elective Grand Officers shall be chosen by bal- lot, and by a majority of votes, unless there be but one candidate in nomination, when an election may be had by show of hands. Sec 9. When the Grand Master shall be chosen from the city of New York or the city of Brooklyn, the Deputy Grand Master shall be chosen from some other portion of the State ; and when the Grand Master shall be chosen from any portion of the State other than the city of New York or the city of Brooklyn, the Deputy Grand Master must be chosen from the said cities. The Grand Treasurer and Grand Secretary shall be chosen from said cities. The Senior Grand Warden and Junior Grand Warden shall be chosen from some part of the State other than the said cities. A resi- dence of four months immediately previous to such election shall be required to comply with this section. 192 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Sec. 10. Whenever a vacancy shall occur in any Grand Office, the Grand Master may appoint any member of the Grand Lodge to discharge the duties of the office till the vacancy shall be filled at the next Annual Communication. Sec. 11. Each member of the Grand Lodge, except the Grand Tiler, shall have one vote as such. Sec. 12. If represented by the Master or other repre- sentative, each Lodge shall be entitled to three votes for any number of members less than one hundred, and one additional vote for each additional fifty members exceeding the first fifty. Sec. 13. ISTo person shall act in Grand Lodge as proxy of a Lodge unless he shall have been elected and installed Mas- ter of a Lodge, and be a member of a Lodge under this juris- diction, nor until there shall have been filed with the Grand Secretary a certificate of his appointment ; such certificate to be signed by the Master of the Lodge appointing him, attested by its seal and the signature of the Secretary. Sec. 14. None but members of the Grand Lodge (Grand Officers, Past Grand Officers, and representatives of other Grand Lodges excepted) shall be present at the opening of the same, or at an election, nor be admitted at any time, save by unanimous consent of the Grand Lodge. Sec. 15. Every officer and member of the Grand Lodge must be a member of a warranted Lodge under this juris- diction. ARTICLE II. Of the Powers of the Grand Lodge. Sec 16. The powers of this Grand Lodge are : 1. Executive, 2. Legislative, and 3. Judicial. Sec. 17. All general governmental powers, whether execu- tive, legislative, or judicial, and all powers necessary to enforce or carry into effect the provisions of this Constitu- tion, are reposed in the Grand Lodge. IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 193 Sec. 18. The judicial powers of this Grand Lodge may be exercised by the Grand Lodge, or delegated, and are : 1. Original : Embracing all matters of controversy which may arise between any of the Lodges under its jurisdiction or the members of different Lodges, and the enforcement of discipline upon its own members and the Lodges under its jurisdiction, and upon unaffiliated Masons. 2. Appellate : Embracing all matters of controversy and discipline over which it has or has not original juris- diction. ARTICLE III. Of Masonic Law and Statutes. Sec. 19. The action of Free Masons in their Grand or Subordinate Lodges, or in their individual character, is regu- lated and controlled : 1. By Ancient Landmarks, or the unwritten law of Masonry ; 2. By written Constitutions, and general or special legislation; and 3. By usages, customs, rules, edicts, resolutions, and law- ful judicial action. Sec. 20. The Ancient Landmarks are those principles of Masonic government and polity which are the only part of Masonic law or rule of government that may never be altered or disturbed ; and such of them as are lawful to be written are usually, but not wholly, engrafted in written Constitu- tions and general or special legislation. Sec. 21. Constitutions are those written compacts or laws adopted by Free Masons for the government of a Grand Lodge and its Subordinate Lodges and their members, in- cluding fundamental provisions, constitutionally adopted, that are intended to be permanent in their character. Sec. 22. General or special laws, usages, and customs, rules, edicts, and resolutions, are those Masonic rules of action adopted, by competent authority, for local or tempo- TOL. IV.— 13 194 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY rary purposes, admitting of change at convenience, and not embraced in Ancient Landmarks or Constitutions, and are herein termed Statutes. ARTICLE IV. Of the Powers and Duties of Grand Officers. Sec. 23. The Grand Master has power : 1. To convene any Lodge within the jurisdiction, pre- side therein, inspect its proceedings, and require its conformity to Masonic rules. 2. To require the attendance of, and information from, any Grand Officer respecting his office. 3. To suspend any elected Officer of a Lodge from the functions of his office for just cause. 4. To suspend the Warrant of a Lodge for just cause until the next Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge. 5. In case of a vacancy in the offices of Master and Wardens of a Lodge, to grant a Dispensation for an election to fill such vacancies. 6. To grant a Dispensation to a Lodge to elect or install its officers, when such Lodge may have failed to elect or install its officers at the proper time. 7. To grant a Dispensation for a new Lodge, under the restrictions of the Constitution, and on the petition of at least seven Master Masons. 8. To grant such other Dispensations as may be applied for in accordance with the Constitution. 9. To appoint representatives of this Grand Lodge near other recognized Grand Lodges, and to re- ceive and accredit representatives of other recog- nized Grand Lodges near this Grand Lodge. 10. To appoint such officers a's may be required under this Constitution. 11. To do such other things as are inherent in and per- tain to his office, and are not in conflict with this Constitution. IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK: 195 Sec. 24. It is the duty of the Grand Master : 1. To preside in the Grand Lodge. 2. To exercise all the executive f unctions of the Grand Lodge when it is not in session. Sec. 25. In case of the death, absence, or inability of the Grand Master, or of a vacancy in his office, the Deputy Grand Master, Senior Grand Warden, and Junior Grand Warden will in succession assume his prerogatives, powers, and duties for all purposes. Sec. 26. The Deputy Grand Master has power to dis- charge such executive functions of the Grand Lodge as may be delegated to him by the Grand Master, and such duties as may be imposed by this Constitution. Sec 27. It shall be the duty of the Grand Wardens to assist in the affairs of the Grand Lodge, and diligently to endeavor to preserve the Ancient Landmarks throughout the jurisdiction. Sec. 28. It shall be the duty of the Grand Treasurer : 1. To take charge of all the funds, property, securities, and vouchers of the Grand Lodge, depositing the same in some depository to be approved by the Grand Master, in the name of the Grand Lodge, payable on his order as Grand Treasurer. 2. To pay all orders duly drawn under general regula- tions or special directions of the Grand Lodge, and certified by the Grand Secretary. 3. To attend on the Grand Lodge or its presiding officer, when required, -with the books and all docu- ments relating to his office ; and when required, the meeting of any committee whose duty it may be to act 1 in relation to the fiscal concerns of the Grand Lodge. 4. To report annually to the Grand Lodge the amount of his receipts and expenditures by items, and from whom and when received, and to whom and when paid, and the amount of securities in his hands for funds invested by the Trustees of the Permanent Fund. 196 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY 5. To execute and file with the Grand Master an official bond, with sureties, and in an amount to be ap- proved by the Grand Master or Deputy Grand Master, at the commencement of each term of office, and to be renewed, as to amount or sureties, when- ever required by the Grand Master, conditioned that he will pay or deliver on demand to the Grand Lodge, or to his successor in office, all funds and property of the Grand Lodge that shall come to his hands as Grand Treasurer and remain unexpended ; and, 6. To pay and deliver, at the expiration of his term, to his . successor in office, or such person as shall be designated by the Grand Lodge, all moneys, securi- ties, evidences of debt, books, writings, and property of the Grand Lodge under his control, with all proper assignments when necessary. Sec. 29. It shall be the duty of the Grand Secretary : 1. To record the transactions of the Grand Lodge. 2. To register all initiates and members of Lodges under this jurisdiction returned to him for that purpose, with the particulars set forth in such returns. 3. To receive, duly file, and safely keep all papers and documents of the Grand Lodge. 4. To sign and certify all instruments from the Grand Lodge. 5. To receive and keep a proper account of all moneys of the Grand Lodge, with date of their receipt, and pay over the same promptly to the Grand Treas- urer, taking his receipt therefor. 6. To report annually to the Grand Lodge the amount of money received by him, by items and dates, and the specific sources from which it was received; also the Lodges that have neglected to render proper returns of their elections, members, and dues, and such general information as to the state of the Lodges as may be proper for the information or action of the Grand Lodge. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 197 7. To conduct the correspondence of the Grand Lodge, under the direction of the Grand Master, and in a Masonic manner. 8. To attend, with any books, papers, or writings under his control, or in his custody, on all meetings of the Grand Lodge, and whenever required by the Grand Master or Deputy Grand Master, on the requisition of the Grand Master ; and also to attend upon the Grand Master or Deputy Grand Master, on Masonic business, when required. 9. To keep his office open, for the transaction of Masonic business, at least five hours each day, except Sun- day, of which public notice shall be given. 10. To transmit to the several Grand Lodges in corres- pondence with this Grand Lodge a certificate' of the election of Grand Officers, immediately there- after, containing their signatures, respectively, and authenticated under his hand and seal of the Grand Lodge, with a request for a similar document from each of said Grand Lodges. 11. To notify each of the Lodges in any Masonic dis- trict of the appointment of a District Deputy Grand Master for that district, and to furnish each District Deputy Grand Master with a list of the Lodges in his district, and to furnish blank forms for the annual statements of District Deputy Grand Masters. 12. To prepare forms of registry and returns of the elections, blanks for tabular statements of District Deputy Grand Masters, and certificates of the ap- pointment of proxies, in accordance with the Con- stitution, and to furnish two copies of each to each Lodge annually. 13. To keep an alphabetical register of all rejections officially reported to him from Lodges, specifying the date of such rejection, the age, occupatibn, and residence of the person rejected, and such other information as may be embodied in such reports, 198 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY together with the name and number of the Lodge from which received, and at all proper times to furnish the free inspection of said register to all Master Masons in good standing. Sec. 30. It shall be the duty of the Grand Chaplains to attend the Grand Lodge and to conduct its religious services. Sec. 31. It shall be the duty of the Grand Marshal, Grand Standard Bearer, Grand Sword Bearer, Grand Stewards, Grand Deacons, Grand Pursuivant, and Grand Tiler, to perform such duties as pertain to their offices. Sec. 32. It shall be the duty of the several officers of the Grand Lodge, in addition to the duties herein specially men- tioned, to perform such other duties appertaining to their offices as shall, from time to time, be directed by the Grand Lodge or Grand Master, under the provisions of this Con- stitution. ARTICLE V. Masonic Districts and the Powers and Duties of District Deputy Grand Masters. • Seo. 33. The existing Masonic districts shall remain as now organized, subject to alterations by the Grand Lodge at any Annual Communication. Sec. 34. Every District Deputy Grand Master shall be well skilled in the standard work of the three degrees of Ancient Craft Masonry, and in the customs and usages of the Craft ; he shall be a Master or Past Master and a mem- ber in good standing of some Lodge in the district for which he is appointed, and shall receive a "Warrant of his appointment, signed by the Grand Master and attested by the Grand Secretary. Sec 35. Each District Deputy Grand Master shall have power, and it shall be his duty : 1. To appoint Commissioners to hear and determine matters of controversy that may arise in his dis- trict. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 199 2. To visit officially every Lodge in his district, at a stated or special communication thereof, at least once during his term, if practicable ; and all neces- sary expenses incurred by him, while in the dis- charge of this duty, shall be paid by the Lodge so visited. 3. To preside in each Lodge upon the occasion of his official visit after it is opened ; to examine its books and records, and see if they are properly kept ; to inform himself of the number of members, and the punctuality and regularity of their attendance ; to ascertain the state and condition of the Lodge in all respects ; to point out any errors he may ascertain in their conduct and mode of working; and to instruct them in every particular wherein he shall find they may require or may desire information, and particularly to recommend attention to the moral and benevolent principles of Masonry, and caution in the admission of candidates; to deter- mine and order in what cases a member, alleged to have been illegally stricken from the rolls, rendered unaffiliated, or suspended for non-payment of dues only, shall be restored to the rolls or reinstated; and if he discover in his district any Masonic error or evil, to endeavor to immediately arrest the same by Masonic means, and, if he judge it expedient, to specially report the same to the Grand Master. To receive and secure the funds and property of any dormant or extinct Lodge in his District. To prepare, on blanks to be furnished by the Grand Secretary, a statement in tabular form of the con- dition of each Lodge in his District for the year ' ending on the first day of May in each year, and transmit such statement to the Grand Secretary, to be by him laid before the Grand Lodge. 6. To prepare a report for the year ending on the first day of May in each year, on the general condition of Masonry in his district, and of his acts therein, 200 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY with such particulars as he may deem necessary, and transmit such report to the Grand Master on or before the fifteenth day of May in each year. 7. To perform such other services and executive duties as may be deputed or intrusted to him by the Grand Master or by the Grand Lodge. ARTICLE VI. Of Work and Lecimres. Seo. 36. The Grand Lecturer shall be a Master or Past Master, of Masonic skill and learning, and shall have power to appoint one or more competent assistants in each judicial district of this State. Sec 37. It shall be the duty of the Grand Lecturer and his assistants to impart the standard work and lectures approved and determined by the Grand Lodge, to the Lodges or brethren in this jurisdiction, in such a manner as the Grand Lodge may prescribe. Sec. 38. Every Lodge shall adopt and practice the stand- ard of work and lectures imparted by the Grand Lecturer or Assistant Grand Lecturers, and no other ; and any Lodge violating this provision, without express authority from this Grand Lodge, shall be subject to punishment. Sec. 39. Any Free Mason not duly authorized, who shall impart any work or lectures, except in the instruction of an actual candidate, shall be subject to discipline ; but this shall not apply to the Master or "Wardens of a Lodge, or any Present or Past Master, or competent brother invited by them. ARTICLE VII. Of Revenue and Funds. Sec 40. The revenue of this Grand Lodge shall be derived from the following sources : 1. For every Dispensation to form a new Lodge $100 00 IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 201 2. And if a Warrant shall be afterward granted, the additional sum of 20 00 3. For every Grand Lodge Diploma 2 00 4. For every Grand Lodge Traveling Certifi- cate 50 5. For every person initiated into a Lodge 3 50 (three dollars whereof shall be appropri- ated to the increase of the Hall and Asy- lum Fund.) 6. For the adjoining fee of every Master Mason and Entered Apprentice or Fellow Craft, from without the jurisdiction 50 7. For registry fee of every adjoining member or Entered Apprentice made 25 8. Every Lodge shall pay for each of its mem- bers annually 50 9. Every Lodge shall pay for each of its mem- bers annually, for the period of five years, 50 (which shall be appropriated to the Hall and Asylum Fund.) Sec. 41. Every Lodge shall pay a full year's dues on all members embraced in its last previous return, but no dues for members made or affiliated during the year for which the return is made. Sbc 42. The management of the permanent funds is vested in a Board of Trustees, denominated the Trustees of the Permanent Fund, consisting of the Grand Master, Deputy Grand Master, Grand Wardens, and Grand Secretary ; and all the invested funds of the Grand Lodge shall be placed under the management and stand in the names of the said Trustees, whose duty it shall be to take the best measures for the security and increase of said funds, and to invest from time to time, as a majority may decide upon, all money which shall come into the hands of the Grand Treasurer, after paying salaries, representatives, and rent, and after leaving in his hands, for charitable and contingent purposes, such sum as the Grand Lodge may, from time to time, direct. The said trustees shall deposit in the hands of the 202 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Grand Treasurer the security and vouchers of the said in- vested funds, and shall not have the power to appropriate any part of the invested fund -without a vote of the Grand Lodge at the Annual Communication. Sec. 43. The accounts of the Grand Treasurer and Grand Secretary shall be examined, and the items compared with the vouchers quarterly, by a discreet Committee of three Brethren — Past Masters, Masters or Wardens — from differ- ent Lodges, to be appointed by the Grand Master or the Deputy Grand Master, and such Committee shall make and certify their report to the officer appointing them. abticle vm. Of Salaries of Officers and the Pay of Representatives. Sec. 44. The Grand Treasurer, Grand Secretary, Grand Lecturer, Grand Pursuivant, and Grand Tiler shall each re- ceive such stated compensation for his services as the Grand Lodge shall direct, which compensation shall be fixed before said officers or any of them are elected or appointed, and shall not be altered at any time so as to affect the incumbent in office. ARTICLE IX. Of Warranted Lodges. Sec. 45. A warranted Lodge consists of a Master, a Senior Warden, a Junior Warden, a Treasurer, a Secretary, a Senior Deacon, a Junior Deacon, a Tiler, and as many members as may be convenient, congregating and working in pursuance and by virtue of a Warrant held under the authority of a Grand Lodge having lawful jurisdiction over it. Sec 46. The powers, duties, and privileges of a warranted Lodge under this jurisdiction are such as are defined by its Warrant, by the Constitution of this Grand Lodge and the Ancient Landmarks. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 203 They are divided into : 1. Executive: The Master has the primary executive power of the Lodge. 2. Legislative : Over all matters relating to its internal concerns, not in derogation of the Ancient Land- marks, the Constitution of this Grand Lodge, or of its own particular by-laws. 3. Judicial : In the exercise of discipline and the hearing and determining of controversies. article x. Of the Dissolution of Lodges, and Surrender of and Forfeiture of Warrants. Sec. 47. A Lodge can be dissolved only by the surrender or forfeiture of its "Warrant. Sec. 48. The Warrant of a Lodge can be surrendered only when there cannot be found among its members seven brethren, duly qualified, desirous of retaining the same. Sec 49. A Lodge may forfeit its Warrant by : 1. Contumacy to the authority of the Grand Master or Grand Lodge. 2. Departure from the original plan of Masonry and Ancient Landmarks. 3. Disobedience to the Constitution or laws. 4. Ceasing to meet for one year, and 5. Neglecting to make returns and pay dues for two years. Sec. 50. No Warrant of a Lodge can be declared forfeited except upon charges regularly made in Grand Lodge, at its Annual Communication, of which charges due notice shall be given to the Lodge, and an opportunity afforded of being heard in its defence. Sec 51. The surrender of a Warrant, when approved, or the forfeiture of a Warrant, when declared by the Grand Lodge, shall be conclusive upon the Lodge and its members ; 204 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY and all the property of the Lodge shall become the property of, and must, on demand, be surrendered to, the Grand Lodge, or its authorized agent, by the person or persons having its custody. Sec. 52. The Warrant of a Lodge may be suspended by the Grand Lodge or Grand Master, at any time, upon proper cause shown ; which suspension, when made by the Grand Master, shall not extend beyond the next Annual Communi- cation of the Grand Lodge. ABTICLE XI. Dispensations for New Lodges. Sec 53. No Dispensation to form a new Lodge in the State of New York shall be issued without the recommenda- tion of all the Lodges whose jurisdiction would be affected by such new Lodge, except in cities ; nor in any city, except upon the recommendation of at least a majority of all the Lodges in such city, unless such city shall consist of more than one Masonic district, in which case the consent of a majority of the Lodges in the district in which it is sought to locate such new Lodge shall be sufficient; nor within three months next preceding an Annual Communication, nor without the certificate of a warranted Lodge, whose jurisdiction would be affected by such new Lodge, that the proposed Master and "Wardens of such new Lodge have exhibited their work in the three degrees of Ancient Craft Masonry in said warranted Lodge, and that such proposed Master and Wardens are well skilled in the said work, and are competent to confer said degrees and impart the lectures thereof, and that all of the petitioners for such Dispensation are in good Masonic standing ; nor without a good and suffi- cient certificate that each of the affiliated petitioners for such Dispensation has paid all his dues to the warranted Lodge of which he is a member, nor unless the certificate of dimis- sion, or its equivalent, of each of the unaffiliated petitioners accompanies such petition. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 205 ABTICLE XII. Of Membership. Sec. 54. Membership in a Lodge shall only be acquired by a brother in the manner following : ' 1. By having been named one of the persons to whom was granted the Dispensation or Warrant under which the Lodge is constituted. 2. By having been accepted by the Lodge as a candi- date, and afterward having received the third degree. And every brother receiving that degree shall be deemed a member of the Lodge by which he shall have been accepted (if it shall then exist), and it shall be his duty, immediately after receiving such degree, to sign the by-laws of such Lodge. 3. An Entered Apprentice or Fellow Craft made by a Lodge under Dispensation, which shall have ceased to exist, may apply to any Lodge within the juris- diction of which he resides for the remaining degrees or degree; and, if the Lodge accept his application, shall become a member of such Lodge, and sign its by-laws on receiving the third degree, and 4. By regular affiliation; but no Master Mason shall become a member of a Lodge other than that in which, or at the request or upon the consent of which he received the third degree, unless it shall appear that he is non-affiliated and not indebted to any Lodge for dues or assessments, and that no charges of unmasonic conduct are pending against him. ARTICLE XIII. Of Candidates. Sec 55. No Lodge shall initiate a person except upon his petition, and no petition for initiation shall be received by 206 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY a Lodge unless the petitioner shall have in such petition answered in writing the questions prescribed in the Statutes. Sec. 56. A Lodge shall not initiate any person without due inquiry into his character, nor without being satisfied, in a Masonic manner, that he has not been previously rejected. If it shall be ascertained that a person, being a petitioner for initiation, has been rejected, then no Lodge shall initiate him until the expiration of six months after such rejection, nor without the permission of the Lodge that rejected him, expressed by a majority vote, if such Lodge exist. Sec. 57. A ballot for each degree is, an undeniable right whenever demanded, and if after a candidate has been accepted, and before he has been initiated, a new ballot be demanded, it must be taken ; and if such ballot result in a rejection, it shall have the same effect as if it had occurred when such candidate was accepted ; and if, after a candidate has been initiated, any member shall demand a ballot upon the advancement of the candidate, and such ballot result in a rejection, the candidate may again apply for advancement at any subsequent stated Communication of the Lodge, the application must lie over at least to the next stated Com- munication, and a clear ballot must be had before the can- didate can be advanced. But no written or verbal objection, except as above stated, shall have the effect to reject the application of a candidate. ARTICLE XIV. Trials and Appeals. Sec. 58. The Grand Lodge shall have original jurisdiction to hear and determine charges which may be preferred against an unaffiliated Mason, and all matters of controversy which may arise between Lodges, or between a Lodge and its Master, or between a Lodge and a member or the mem- bers of another Lodge, or members of different Lodges ; and when charges are preferred in any of the foregoing cases, it shall be the duty of the Grand Master,, or a District IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 207 Deputy Grand Master of the District in which the contro- versy shall arise, to appoint by his warrant a Commission, consisting of not more than five nor less than three disinter- ested brethren, who shall have attained the rank of Master, and shall hail from at least three different Lodges, to hear and determine the same. Sec. 59. The Grand Lodge, upon the nomination of the Grand Master, shall appoint six Commissioners, to be styled the Commission of Appeals, to consist of Masters or Past Masters in good Masonic standing. These Commissioners, immediately after their appointment, shall divide themselves by lot into three classes, and certify the same to the Grand Secretary. The term of office of class number one shall expire at the end of the first year ; of class number two, at the end of two years ; and of class number three, at the end of three years ; so that there shall be at all time thereafter two Commissioners annually selected by the Grand Lodge, upon the nomination of the Grand Master, in place of those whose terms have expired, who shall hold their office for three years. Yacancies for unexpired terms may be filled in like manner. ' Sec. 60. The Grand Lodge, upon the nomination of the Grand Master, shall appoint an additional Commissioner to preside in said Commission of Appeals, to be styled Chief Commissioner, and to hold office for three years. Vacancies in the office of Chief Commissioner for the unexpired term shall be filled by the Grand Master. Sec. 61. The Commission of Appeals thus constituted shall have the same powers and duties as have been exercised by Committees on Appeals in the Grand Lodge, and shall meet at each Annual Communication. ARTICLE XV. Of Amendments. Sec 62. No amendment to this Constitution shall be made, or have any effect, until it shall have been proposed in Grand Lodge at its Annual Communication in June, and been 208 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY adopted by the Grand Lodge at the same Communication, and then again adopted in like manner by the Grand Lodge at the next succeeding Annual June Communication — or, in addition to the adoption thereof at one such Annual Com- munication, it shall, during the next year succeeding, and before the next Annual June Communication thereafter, be adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Lodges within this jurisdiction — to take effect as soon as such con- sent is promulgated by the Grand Master. If any such amendment be adopted, it shall be appended to the published proceedings at the end, under the caption, " Proposed Amend- ments to the Constitution," and sent with the printed pro- ceedings to all the Lodges in the jurisdiction, and no General Regulation shall be adopted inconsistent with this Consti- tution, and all former written Constitutions are hereby repealed, and all General Regulations and decisions hereto- fore made and adopted are also hereby repealed. Sec. 63. The Statutes may be amended at any Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge by a two-thirds vote, provided that notice of such proposed amendment shall have been given and the amendment proposed, presented in writ- ing at the previous Annual Communication. STATUTES. ARTICLE I. Installation, Style, and Insignia of Grand Officers. Section 1. All the elected Grand Officers of the Grand Lodge shall be installed at the Annual Communication at which they shall be elected, or on the nearest convenient day thereafter. Sec 2. The style of the Grand Master is Most "Worshipful, of the remaining Grand Officers, Right Worshipful, except the Grand Pursuivant and Grand Tiler, whose style is Worshipful. IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 209 Sec. 3. Each member of the Grand Lodge shall appear therein with his proper jewel and clothing. ARTICLE II. Salaries, Pay of Representatives, and Deductions. Sec. 4. In the computation of time relative to salaries of Grand Officers, the year shall be considered as commencing on the last day of the Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge, and such salaries to be paid quarterly accordingly. Sec. 5. The representative from each Lodge shall be entitled to receive his traveling expenses at the rates established by the proprietors of public conveyances, which he shall take in coming directly from his Lodge to the place of meeting and returning thereto, as charged by said proprietors at the time, and also five dollars for each day's attendance, and three dollars per day for time actually necessary for travel- ing to and from the Grand Lodge, not exceeding two days in going and returning. And, though he represent more than one Lodge, he shall receive pay only for one Lodge ; nor shall he receive more than the aggregate dues of the Lodges he shall represent. Sec. 6. Grand Officers (who do not receive salaries as such, or pay as representatives of Lodges) and Commissioners of Appeals shall be entitled to the like compensation from the funds of the Grand Lodge. Sec 7. Absence of a Grand Officer or representative, before the close of the Communication, for any cause except sickness of, or calamity to, himself or his family, shall forfeit all claim to payment or compensation under the two next preceding sections. ARTICLE III. Elective Officers of Lodges, How and When Chosen and In- stalled. If- not Done in Time, Dispensation to Issue. Other Officers may he Appointed. Sec. 8. The Master, Senior "Warden, Junior "Warden, Treasurer, and Secretary of a warranted Lodge must be VOL. IV. — 14 210 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY chosen annually, by ballot, and by a majority of votes at the stated Communication of such Lodge, next preceding the twenty-seventh day of December, summoned as required' by the Warrant, and be installed on or before the next stated Communication thereafter. Any Lodge may provide for such additional officers, to be either elected or appointed, as its by-laws may prescribe. If, at the time prescribed, a Lodge shall fail to elect, or within the time prescribed shall fail to install, its Master and Wardens, or any of them ; or if, having elected its Master and Wardens at the prescribed time, any of them shall fail or refuse to be installed within the prescribed time, the Grand Master may grant a Dispensation to such Lodge to elect or to install such officer or officers as the exigencies of the case may require. AKTICLE IV. Qualifications for Office and Voting, and of Disfranchise- ment. Sec. 9. Every member of a Lodge in good standing is entitled to vote ; provided, however, that a Lodge may enact and enforce a by-law which will disfranchise a member, at an election of officers, for non-payment of dues. Every voter is eligible to any office in the Lodge, except that of Master. Sec 10. No member can be a Master of a warranted Lodge unless he has previously served as an installed Master or Warden, except at the institution of a new Lodge. Sec. 11. Membership in a Lodge is necessary to constitute ehgibility to office therein, except in case of a Tiler, who must be a member of some Lodge, but need not be a mem- ber of the Lodge for which he tiles. AETICLE v. Resignations, Vacancies i/n Office, Sow and When Supplied. Sec 12. ^Neither Master nor Warden can resign, and every installed officer shall hold his office until his successor IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 211 shall have been installed, unless his office' become vacant, as provided in the next section. Sec. 13. A vacancy in office in a Lodge can only occur : 1. By death. 2. By resignation of another than Master or Warden. 3. By selection and installation of the holder of such office to fill another office in the Lodge. 4. By expulsion, or by suspension for a time extending beyond the next annual election, or by removal from office. Sec 14. A vacancy in an elective office, except that of Master or "Warden, may be filled by ballot at any stated Communication upon full notice to the members. A va- cancy in an appointed office may be filled at any time. In case the offices of Master and Wardens become vacant, an election can be held only by virtue of a Dispensation from the Grand Master, which is without fee, and must be applied for by two-thirds of the members present, to be so certified by the Secretary; and in case such election be held, the members shall be summoned as for an annual elec- tion, and its result shall be immediately reported to the Grand Secretary, and the officers duly installed. ARTICLE VI. Proxy Representative of Lodge in Grand Lodge, Mow and When Chosen. Sec. 15. A Lodge may, at a stated Communication thereof, within the restrictions of section thirteen of the Constitu- tion, by a majority vote, appoint a proxy to represent it, in the absence of its Master and "Wardens, at the next succeed- ing Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge. ARTICLE VII. By-Laws of Lodge — Power to Make, and What to Contain. Sec 16. A Lodge has full power and authority to enact by-laws for its own government, in conformity to the Con- 212 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY stitution of this Grand Lodge and the principles of Masonry, and any by-law inconsistent therewith is absolutely void. Sec. 17. A Lodge may, at a stated Communication, when summoned for the purpose, and on notice, tax or assess its members for strictly Masonic purposes, but for no other. ARTICLE VIII. Visitation of lodges by Brethren Regulated. Sec. 18. No visitor can be admitted into any Lodge with- out due inquiry and satisfaction as to his good Masonic standing ; nor can he be admitted if his admission will dis- turb the harmony of the Lodge or embarrass its work. ARTICLE IX. Precedents of Lodges, Changing Location, Seal, and Books, and Penalty for Failure to Work for One Year. Sec 19. Lodges shall take precedence according to the order in which they stand upon the Roll of the Grand Lodge. Sec. 20. A Lodge may not remove its place of meeting from the town, village, city, or portion of a city named in its Warrant, nor from one place to another in such town, village, city, or portion of a city, without a concurrent vote of two-thirds of the members present, and voting at a stated Communication, to attend which they shall have been required by a summons, served at least ten days pre- viously, stating the subject to be acted upon at such Com- munication. The removal of ' a Lodge from the town, village, city, or portion of a city named in its Warrant, must receive the sanction of the Grand Lodge previous thereto. Sec 21. Every Lodge shall have a seal, and shall keep the following books, to wit : A book of by-laws, with the signatures of the members. A record book of the proceedings of the Lodge. IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 213 A register containing the name of each member, his birth- place, age, occupation, residence, the dates of his initiation, passing and raising or affiliation, and also the date of the termination or suspension of his membership, with the cause thereof, as the same may occur. An alphabetical list of expulsions, suspensions, and rejec- tions. Such books as may be necessary to present clearly the receipts and accounts of the Treasurer and Secretary. It shall also be the duty of the Lodge to keep, with the Lodge books, a book of Constitutions and Statutes of the Grand Lodge, to which shall be added, from time to time, all alterations duly adopted by the Grand Lodge. It shall also be the duty of the Lodge to preserve in its archives a copy of the proceedings of the Grand Lodge, as published from year to year. Sec. 22. Every Lodge shall meet at least once in each year, and the neglect of a Lodge to hold any meeting for one year, or to make returns and pay dues for two years successively, shall subject it to forfeiture of its Warrant; and a Lodge neglecting to pay its annual dues shall not be entitled to be represented in Grand Lodge. ARTICLE X. Cha/rity — Sight to, and Sow Furnished. Sec. 23. All members of Lodges in good standing, their wives, widows, and minor children, have a right to charitable relief from such Lodges upon presenting satisfactory evidence of their Masonic character or relations, and that they are in necessitous circumstances. Sec 24. If a claim for charitable relief be made upon the funds of a Lodge when not in session, the Master and Wardens shall be a committee to examine the same, and they shall be authorized to draw upon the funds of the Lodge to an amount not exceeding the amount specified in the by- laws for present relief. 214 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY. ARTICLE XI. Lodges not to Divide Funds, nor to Allow Intoxicating Liquors, nor Work Clandestinely, or on Sunday. Sec. 25. No Lodge shall distribute its funds among its members, nor introduce intoxicating liquors within its Lodge room, or any room adjoining, nor countenance or permit clandestine lecturing, nor meet for Masonic labors on the first day of the week, commonly called Sunday. ARTICLE XII. Insignia of Lodge Officers. Sec. 26. The jewels of the officers of Lodges are to be of silver or white metal; the color of their aprons to be of white, except as otherwise specially ordered or allowed by this Grand Lodge. ARTICLE XTII. Masonic Duty Violated is an Offense. Sec. 27. When a duty is imposed, its neglect or violation, without excuse, shall be considered an offense against Masonic law. article xrv. Master's Duty. Vacancy in His Office, How Filled. Powers and Duties of One Acting as. JVb Appeal from the Chair. Sec. 28. The Master of a Lodge has power : 1. To congregate the members of his Lodge upon any emergency. 2. To issue summonses. 3. To discharge all the executive functions of the Lodge; and, 4. To remove any appointed officer for just cause. IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 215 Sec. 29. In the case of the death, absence, or inability of the Master, or a vacancy in his office, the Senior and Junior Wardens will, in succession, succeed to his prerogatives and duties for all purposes, except such as pertain to the installa- tion of the officers. Sec. 30. From the decision of the Master, or "Warden presiding in the absence of the Master, there shall be no appeal except to the Grand Master or Grand Lodge. ARTICLE xv. Treasurer's Duties. Sec. 31. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer of a Lodge : 1. To receive from the Secretary all moneys paid into the Lodge. 2. To keep a just and regular account thereof ; and, 3. To pay them out by direction of the Master and con- sent of the brethren. article xvi. Secretary's Duties. Sec. 32. It shall be the duty of the Secretary of a Lodge : 1. To record the proceedings of the Lodge, under the direction of the presiding officer. 2. To receive all moneys paid into the Lodge, and pay the same to the Treasurer. 3. To keep a register of the members of the Lodge, with a permanent number affixed to each name, corresponding with the return for registry required by the Grand Lodge. 4. To register alphabetically, in a suitable book, all expulsions, suspensions, rejections, and restorations communicated by the Grand Lodge. 216 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 5. To report immediately to the Grand Secretary (in case of all Lodges within the cities of New York and Brooklyn) the name, age, occupation, and resi- dence of every rejected candidate for initiation; and in every other city or town, where there is more than one Subordinate Lodge, he shall furnish all other Lodges in the same city or town the same information, under the seal of the Lodge. 6. To make an annual return to the Grand Secretary of those who have been initiated, passed and raised, with the dates thereof, and of such other matters as may be required by the Grand Secre- tary. 7. To transmit, immediately after every election, a cer- tificate of the names and residences of the officers elected to the Grand Secretary, and to the District Deputy Grand Master of the district in which the Lodge is located. 8. To make a full and correct return annually to the Grand Lodge of all who were members of the Lodge on the first day of May in each year, which return shall be transmitted to the Grand Secretary on or before the fifteenth day of May in each year. 9. To make a full and correct return annually to the District Deputy Grand Master of the condition of the Lodge on the first day of May, and in the form prescribed by the Grand Lodge, to be transmitted on or before the fifth day of May. 10. To report, immediately after the expulsion or suspen- sion of a member by the Lodge, the same to the Grand Secretary, with the cause of such expulsion or suspension. 11. To certify and affix the seal of the Lodge to all returns and certificates of election made to the Grand Lodge, and to the District Deputy Grand Master; and 12. To attest the official signature of the Master to all other Masonic documents, when necessary. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 211 ARTICLE XVII. Minutes, Keeping and Approval of, and not to be Changed. Sec. 33. The minutes of a Communication shall be read and corrected (if necessary), and approved by the Lodge before it is closed, and such proceedings shall be submitted to the Grand Lodge whenever required, and having been ' approved cannot be altered or expunged. ARTICLE XVIII. Officers of Lodge Generally. Sec. 34. The officers shall be subject, in all things relating to their official duties, to the direction of the Master or presiding officer. ARTICLE XIX. Dispensations for New Lodges, How and When Issued; and of Lodges under Dispensation. Sec. 35. An elected officer of a Lodge cannot be a peti- tioner for a Dispensation for a new Lodge, nor can a mem- ber of a Lodge under the jurisdiction of another Grand Lodge be a petitioner for a Dispensation for a new Lodge in the State of New York. Sec. 36. A Lodge under Dispensation cannot elect or install its officers, nor discipline its members or other Masons, nor can it be represented in Grand Lodge, but it possesses all other powers and privileges, and must perform all the other duties of a warranted Lodge, except that it need not have a seal. Sec. 37. No warrant shall be issued to any number of Masons less than seven, nor unless they shall have given proof of their skill and ability by work under Dispensation, which shall be certified by the Grand Lecturer or Assistant Grand Lecturer, and District Deputy Grand Master of the district in which the Lodge is to be located ; nor unless said 218 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Dispensation and an attested transcript of all the proceed- ings of such Lodge, including a copy of the by-laws thereof, shall have been delivered to the Grand Lodge ; nor unless they shall show that, as a Lodge under Dispensation, they are clear of all indebtedness, and that they have secured and prepared a suitable and safe place for meeting as a Lodge. Sec. 38. All brethren, members of or attached to a Lodge under Dispensation at the time of the expiration of the Dis- pensation, shall be deemed to continue such relation thereto, and be members of or attached to said Lodge whenever and as soon as said Lodge shall be duly warranted and consti- tuted. Sec 39. A Lodge under Dispensation must pay Grand Lodge dues of its members. Sec. 40. All Dispensations to form new Lodges expire on the fifteenth day of May in each year. ARTICLE xx. Full Membership in only one Lodge, and of Honorary Membership, How Acquired, and Eights of. Sec. 41. No Mason shall be a member of two Lodges at the same time ; provided, however, that a Lodge at a stated Communication, and by unanimous ballot, upon a proposi- tion received at the previous stated Communication, may confer honorary membership upon any Master Mason who, at that time, shall be a member in good standing of some warranted Lodge; but an honorary member of a Lodge shall not vote therein. ARTICLE XXI. Penalties for Unaffiliation. Sec 42. An unaffiliated Mason shall not be allowed to visit any Lodge, or join in a Masonic procession, nor receive Masonic relief or burial. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 219 ARTICLE XXII. Effect of Petitioning for Dispensation. Sec. 43. If a member of .a warranted Lodge join in a petition for a Dispensation to form a new Lodge ; and such. Dispensation be granted, his membership in such warranted Lodge shall be in abeyance until the expiration of the Dis- pensation; unless before that time he shall have resumed full membership in the warranted Lodge by withdrawing from the new Lodge. If he shall not have withdrawn from the new Lodge before the expiration of the Dispensation, and the new Lodge shall not be continued by a warrant, his membership in the first above mentioned Lodge shall be resumed. ARTICLE XXIII. Applications for Affiliation, Dwnission, and Withdrawal — How and when Granted and Effect. Sec. 44. A member of a Lodge may present his application to another Lodge for affiliation therein, and such last men- tioned Lodge may receive the application, and refer it to a Committee of Investigation, and upon the report of the Committee take a ballot ; and if, thereupon, such application be accepted, the brother shall become a member of the Lodge so accepting him, when it shall receive a certificate that such brother has been regularly discharged from mem- bership in the first mentioned Lodge. Sec 45. No member shall be permitted to dimit from the Lodge of which he is a member until he shall present a certificate from some warranted Lodge that he has peti- tioned for membership therein; on presentation of such certificate, and upon the written request of the brother, the Lodge, at a stated Communication shall, if the member is not an elected officer of, or indebted to, the Lodge, or under charges, issue a certificate of dimit, which shall not be delivered to the brother, but shall be transmitted, by the 220 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Secretary of the Lodge, to the Lodge from which such cer- tificate of petition came ; which dimit shall not become operative, or the brother's membership in the Lodge issuing the dimit terminated,, until notice has been received that the brother has consummated membership in the other Lodge. But any member of a Lodge against whom charges are not pending, and whose dues and indebtedness to the Lodge are paid, may withdraw from membership by presenting a written application therefor at a stated Communication. The Lodge shall grant the request of the brother by dropping his name from the rolls, and his membership shall thereby be terminated, and he shall be subject to the disa- bilities of an unaffiliated Master Mason ; provided, however, that an elected officer cannot withdraw. ARTICLE XXIV. Non-Payment of Dues — Penalty for. How Dues are Affected by Unafflliation or Suspension. Seo. 46. A Lodge shall have the power to enact a by-law which shall provide a penalty for the non-payment of Lodge dues, which penalty shall be unaffiliation ; but such penalty shall not be inflicted except for the non-payment of at least two years' dues, nor until the brother shall have been duly summoned thirty days previous to pay said two years' dues. Any such unaffiliated brother may be restored to membership by a majority vote of the members present, and voting at a stated Communication, provided he shall have paid the amount due at the time of such restora- tion. Sec. 47. A Lodge shall not be liable for Grand Lodge dues for a member unaffiliated for non-payment of dues until restored to membership. Sec. 48. Suspension, after due Masonic trial, shall not relieve the member from payment of Lodge dues, or the Lodge from Grand Lodge dues. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 221 AKTICLE XXV. Petitions for Initiation, Requisites of, and lees on. Lodge Jurisdiction over Candidates. Duties of Lodges, Officers, and Members on, and on Work thereon, or on Degrees. Fraud or Falsehood of Candidate, how Punished. Sec. 49. The following are the questions required to be answered by a petitioner for initiation : What is your age ? Where born % • Where do you reside ? What is your occupation ? Have you resided in the State of New York the twelve months last past ? Have you resided in the town, village, or city in which you now reside four months ? Have you ever, to your knowledge or belief, presented a petition to, or been rejected in any Masonic Lodge, and, if so, when and in what Lodge % Do you believe in the existence of one ever living and true God % Do you know of any physical,' legal, or moral reason which should prevent you from becoming a Free Mason ? Sec. 50. The jurisdiction of a Lodge over candidates ex- tends over all persons residing nearer to it than to any other Lodge within this jurisdiction, except that if there be more than one Lodge in a village or city, those Lodges shall have concurrent jurisdiction, and except that Lodges in the cities of New York and Brooklyn shall have concurrent jurisdic- tion. Sec. 51. No Lodge shall initiate any candidate who is a resident of the State of New York, unless he has been such resident for twelve months next preceding the application for such initiation, and for four months in the jurisdiction of the Lodge to which he applies, without the consent of the Lodge within the jurisdiction of which he last previously residsd ; and no Lodge shall initiate any candidate who is 222 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY not a resident of the State of New York -without the consent of a warranted Lodge, acting in accordance with the Con- stitution and laws (by whatever name such laws may be known) of the Grand Lodge under the jurisdiction of which such candidate resides ; provided, however, this section shall not apply to seafaring men or persons in the United States naval or military service. Sec. 52. A petition for initiation or affiliation cannot be received by a Lodge except at a stated Communication, and when received it shall be referred to an Investigating Com- mittee of not less than three members ; and no report of an Investigating Committee shall be received until at least two weeks after such petition shall have been referred. . Sec. 53. A petition for initiation, after having been right- fully presented and referred, cannot be withdrawn, but must be acted upon by report of committee and a ballot ; and an adverse ballot cannot be reconsidered under any circum- stances in less than six months thereafter, and then only on a new petition of the candidate. A petition wrongfully presented and referred must be re- turned as soon as the error be discovered. Sec. 54. No ballot on a petition for initiation, passing or raising, or for affiliation, can be taken at any other than a stated Communication. Sec. 55. Every member of a Lodge present at any ballot- ing therein for initiation, advancement, or affiliation, must vote. Sec 56. If at any time it shall be charged that a Mason made any misrepresentation to the Lodge in which he shall have been initiated, or to a Committee of Investigation ap- pointed by such Lodge, or used any concealment or deceit in relation to his initiation, he may be tried therefor, and, if found guilty, may be punished by suspension or expulsion. Sec 57. No discussion upon the merits of a petitioner for initiation, passing or raising, shall be allowed in the Lodge. Sec 58. The balloting on the petition cannot be postponed or adjourned, but when once commenced must be completed, and the result thereof be declared. IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 223 Sec. 59. A Lodge shall not initiate, pass, or raise more than five candidates at one Communication, and shall not confer more than one degree upon a candidate in any one day. Sec. 60. A Lodge shall not confer the second degree or the third degree at a less interval than two weeks from the time of conferring the preceding degree. Sec. 61. No officer or other member of a Lodge shall be permitted to procure the initiation or advancement of any candidate in any other Lodge than that in which such can- didate shall have been accepted. Sec. 62. No Entered Apprentice or Fellow Craft, initiated or passed in any Lodge within the United States, shall be passed or raised in any Lodge under the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, other than that in which he was initiated, unless the consent of the Lodge in which he was initiated or passed shall have been obtained, provided said Lodge continue in existence. Sec. 63. No Lodge shall make a Mason for a sum less than twenty dollars, nor upon credit. Sec. 64. No candidate shall be passed to the degree of Fellow Craft, or raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason, without proof of suitable proficiency in the preced- ing degree, ascertained from an examination by a competent brother in open Lodge, or by a committee appointed for that purpose. Sec. 65. Any brother who shall in any way make known the kind of ballot cast by himself or another, or if, after any such balloting as aforesaid, at which such application has been rejected, any brother shall in any way declare that he or any other brother cast a certain kind of ballot at such bal- loting, or shall declare that any specified or indicated num- ber of white balls or ballots, or black balls or ballots, were cast at any balloting as aforesaid, it shall be deemed a Masonic offense; and such brother so offending may, on conviction thereof, be suspended for a period not exceeding one year. And, on the trial of a brother for any offence specified in this section, it shall not be permitted to prove 224 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY the kind of ballot cast by any brother, nor the number of white balls or ballots, or black balls or ballots, cast at any such balloting. AKTTCLE XXVI. Charges, Trials, and Appeals. Sec. 66. After service of the charges against a brother, the Commission shall appoint a time and place for the trial convenient to the parties, and summon the parties and their witnesses ; and any Master of a Lodge may issue a like sum- mons for witnesses at the request of either party. Sec. 67. When the trial is concluded, the Commissioners shall, as soon as possible, make their report of the facts found by them, and their determination upon the matter, and give notice thereof to each of the parties, and a major- ity of the Commissioners must concur in the judgment of the Commission ; a copy of which report must be filed with the Grand Secretary. Sec. 68. The decision of the Commissioners shall be final, unless an appeal shall be taken therefrom to the Grand Master or Grand Lodge within- six months ; in which case it shall be the duty of the Commissioners, upon receiving notice of such appeal, to transmit their report, together with all the papers and proceedings in the case, to the Grand Secretary, unless they have already filed a copy. The appellant shall also, within thirty days after notice of the decision, give notice of intention to appeal to the opposing party. The decision of the Grand Master shall be final, unless a further appeal be taken within thirty days after notice thereof. Sec. 69. When notice of appeal to the Grand Lodge shall have been filed with the Grand Secretary, that officer shall immediately, or as soon as received, send to the Chief Com- missioner all papers and reports having reference to the case, to the end that the Commission of Appeals may have time to examine the appeal in advance of the meeting of the Grand Lodge. • IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK.' 225 Sec. 70. The appeal shall be heard before the Commission of Appeals during the session of the Grand Lodge, and the decision of the Grand Lodge upon the report of said Com- mission shall be conclusive upon all parties. Sec. 71. A Subordinate Lodge shall have, with the Grand Lodge, concurrent jurisdiction over any unaffiliated Mason residing within its territorial jurisdiction, and original juris- diction over any of its members except its Master ; and when charges are preferred in a Lodge, a Commission shall be appointed by the presiding Master, consisting of not less than three nor more than five members of the said Lodge, to take testimony in the case and report the same to the Lodge for its judgment. The decision of the Lodge shall be final, unless an appeal be taken therefrom to the Grand Master or the Grand Lodge, in the same manner as provided in section sixty-eight. Sec. 72. The expenses which may be incurred by the Commissioners in conducting a Masonic trial shall be borne by one or both of the parties to the controversy, as may be determined by the Commissioners and set forth in their report, and payment of such expenses may be enforced in the same manner as Lodge or Grand Lodge dues, or by proper Masonic discipline. Sec. 73. Charges against the Master of a Lodge for official misconduct, while holding the office of Master, shall be presented to the Grand Master or the Grand Lodge only during the term of said Master, or within one year thereafter. Sec. 74. Charges preferred, which if proven would not constitute a Masonic offense, may be and should be dis- missed by the body before which the same may have been preferred. Sec. 75. All trials of charges preferred and appeals taken in pursuance of the provisions of the Constitution and Stat- utes shall be conducted, so far as the same may be applicable, in accordance with such rules and forms as may be adopted by the Grand Lodge. VOL. IV. — 15 226 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY ARTICLE XXVII. Penalties, and Restoration from. Sec. 76. The penalties which may be inflicted for a viola- tion of Masonic law shall be : First, reprimand or censure ; second, suspension from all the rights of Masonry, which shall be for a definite time ; and, third, expulsion. Sec. 77. The Grand Lodge shall have power to restore an expelled Mason to the rights of Masonry after the expiration of one year from the date of the sentence. Sec 7S. A Lodge having expelled a member, may restore such expelled Mason to the rights of Masonry at any time and by a majority vote, notice of a motion to do so having been made at a preceding stated Communication ; provided, however, that such restoration shall not be made when the Grand Lodge shall have affirmed the decision on appeal. COMMISSIONERS OF APPEALS UNDER THE NEW CONSTITUTION. In accordance with the views of certain prominent Masons, the Grand Master announced the following nomi- nations of Commissioners of Appeals, under the new law, which were confirmed by the Grand Lodge : Brothers "William T. "Woodruff of New York, Joseph J. Couch of Brooklyn, John A. De Bemer of Schenectady, Alexander T. Goodwin of Utica, George O. Baker of Clyde, David F. Day of Buffalo. Chief Commissioner, Andrew E. Suffern of Haverstraw. Brothers De Bemer and Goodwin drew a three years' service, "Woodruff and Day a two years' service, and Couch and Baker the short term of one year. Furthermore, a new division had become essential in the Masonic districts, and the following were declared to be THE MASONIC DISTRICTS. 1. Suffolk and Queens Counties. 2. Kings County, east of "Washington Avenue, Brooklyn. 3. Kings County, west of "Washington Avenue, Brooklyn. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. '227 4. Kichmond County, and Lodges in New York City, numerically from No. 1 to No. 156, inclusive. 5. Lodges in New York City, from No. 178 to No. 245, inclusive. 6. Lodges in New York City, from No. 246 to No. 371, inclusive. 7. Lodges in New York City, from No. 402 to No. 600, inclusive. 8. Lodges in New York City, from No. 603 to No. 739, inclusive. 9. Westchester, Putnam, and Dutchess Counties. 10. Eockland, Orange, Sullivan, and Ulster Counties. 11. Greene, Delaware, and Schoharie Counties. 12. Columbia, Rensselaer, Albany, and Schenectady Counties. 13. "Washington, Saratoga, "Warren, and Essex Counties. 14. Montgomery, Fulton, Hamilton, and Herkimer Counties. 15. St. Lawrence, Franklin, and Clinton Counties. 16. Jefferson and Lewis Counties. 17. Oneida and Madison Counties. 18. Otsego, Chenango, and Broome Counties. 19. Onondaga, Oswego, Cayuga, and Cortland Counties. 20. Tompkins, Schuyler, Tioga, and Chemung Counties. 21. "Wayne, Ontario, Seneca, and Yates Counties. 22. Monroe, Livingston, Genesee, and "Wyoming Counties. 23. Steuben and Allegany Counties. 24. Orleans and Niagara Counties. 25. Erie County. 26. Chautauqua and Cattaraugus Counties. Lodges working in the German tongue in the cities of New York and Brooklyn, and in "Westchester County. Lodges working in the French, Spanish, and Italian tongues in New York City. 1874. THE TEAR OF THE ADVENT. The administration of Grand Master Christopher G. Fox, which had been ably sustained by the same line of officers 228 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY for two years, yielded in June, 1874, to several changes which proved to be of considerable importance. The Deputy under Brother Fox, Ellwood E. Thome, was chosen for the Grand East, which he was destined to control for two successive terms, with the list of elective officers, as fol- lows : James W. Husted, who had been serviDg as Junior Grand "Warden, was promoted to be the Deputy, with the new names of Jesse B. Anthony and Levi M. Gano for Senior and Junior Grand Wardens respectively ; the Grand Treasurer and Grand Secretary being continued as thereto- fore. The outgoing Grand Master, Christopher G. Fox, had been very studious to ascertain what were the difficulties stand- ing in the way of a more healthful growth of the Institu- tion within the State ; its increase in numbers and enthusiasm was all that could be desired. There was no financial dis- tress among the Lodges, but it seemed evident to him that THE MISUSE OF THE BALLOT AND AMBITION FOE OFFICE were harmful to the Brotherhood, and a constant source of trouble and vexation. This he attributed to careless action of the Lodges in the past, in the admission of members, and a neglect of prudent investigation of the character of the material allowed to enter. Added to ambition for office was the anxiety for work and a boastful disposition for Lodges to outdo each other in the numbers they entered, passed, and raised, and the consequent command of the majority of ballots for official position in the Lodge, as well as the number of votes that could be cast in the Grand Lodge. It was greatly to the credit of the Grand Master, and which met with a favorable result, that he bent every effort to stay these evils, in his speeches and writings ; he impressed upon the Lodges their duty and the fact that Masonry derived no strength from numbers only ; that intelligence and virtue are the only proper prerequisites for admission to member- ship ; that true prosperity consisted in the cultivation and IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 229 practice of the moral and social virtues, and a more intimate knowledge of the history, laws, and customs of the Craft. DECEASE OF GRAND OFFICERS. On the 13th of July, 1874, Benjamin H. Austin, Past Junior Grand "Warden, died at his residence in Buffalo, at the advanced age of seventy-five years. Brother Austin was a distinguished member of the bar of this State, and one of the most honored citizens of Buffalo, as was attested by the fact that his funeral partook almost of the character of -a civic demonstration. His body was escorted to the grave by several Lodges of Masons, and by bodies of Royal Arch Masons and Knights Templars ; also by a large con- course of his fellow citizens. He was buried with Masonic rites. His life was eminently honorable, useful, and without reproach. On the 4th of November, Malonzo J. Drummond, Past Mas- ter of Doric Lodge, No. 280, and representative of the Grand Lodges of Yermont and Missouri near the Grand Lodge of New York, died and was buried with Masonic honors. On December 28, Alfred E. Campbell, D.D., Past Grand Chaplain from 1849 to 1852, died at his residence in Castle- ton, Rensselaer County, New York. RECEPTION TO BROTHER THE KING KALAKAUA. On the 20th of December the Grand Master received as a Mason, at Masonic Hall, King Kalakaua of the Hawaiian Islands. Subsequent to pleasant formalities, the Master's degree of Masonry was conferred by Brother George H. Raymond, Grand Lecturer, in New York Lodge, No. 330, John Giffln, Master. STATISTICS AND MONETARY TROUBLE. It was with some pardonable pride the Grand Secretary, James M. Austin, when opportunity offered, compared the rapid growth of the Fraternity within the State from the period of his acceptance of office : thus he announced that 230 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY the year 1874 was the culmination of twenty-one years of his official career, and that the roll of Lodges had increased from No. 288 to 739. That then there were 233 warranted Lodges, now there were 683. The number of initiates in 1874 was 4,899. The membership had increased from twelve thousand to over eighty thousand contributing mem- bers. Only one Lodge, Jasper, No. 686, had failed to make annual returns. At this period the total number of registered Masons in the United States, Canada, and British Columbia, was 590,721. The Grand Secretary, in his presentation of the report of the Trustees of the Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund, stated the unanticipated financial disturbances of September, 1873, found the trustees deeply in debt, a large portion of which was for money borrowed in previous years, and stipulated to be paid on call, that these loans were secured by the deposit of mortgage bonds as collateral for their payment. The loans had been called in, and other creditors of the fund made demand for the money due them. The treasury was bare, and the necessity had arisen to call on the Lodges for immediate assistance. Most "Worshipful John ~W. Simons canvassed the Lodges of the State with very considerable success. The total receipts of every nature had increased the cash account from (June 2, 1873) $18,101.42 to $173,- 396.72, but of this sum a balance of $1,431.82 only remained. The original idea of a total cost and expenditure, $800,000, had swelled to $932,757.04, the building was unfinished, and the debt was $352,710. Dispensations were granted during the year closing in June, 1874, to establish fifteen Lodges, eleven of which were to be located in New York City and Brooklyn. Three applications had been refused. The effort of Baymond Lodge, No. 644, to have the War- rant restored that had been declared forfeited in 1871, failed after an examination by the Grand Master. More than the usual amount of irregularities in the dis- charge of Masonic duties seems to have been reported to the Grand Master, which received his attention, as well as IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 231 difficulties between Lodges and members. The incident, however, of the complaint of Garibaldi Lodge, No. 542, against Hiram Lodge, No. 1, and Wooster Lodge, No. 79, of New Haven, Connecticut, as to the initiations of persons who had been rejected by the first named, led to investigation resulting in an acknowledgment of an error upon the part of the Connecticut Lodges, and an accepted apology by those of New York ; and from which it appeared that no offense is committed by a Lodge in Connecticut accepting rejected material from another State. SEVEBAL COENEE-STONES OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS were laid as follows : 10th of September, 1873. "William S. Gleason, Deputy for the twenty-sixth district, at the request of proper authority, conducted the ceremony of laying the corner-stone of the Town Hall at "Westfield, Chautauqua County. 16th of September. On the invitation of the civil authori- ties, Jesse B. Anthony, Deputy for the twelfth district, deposited with the ritualistic forms of Masonry the corner- stone of the Town Hall at "Waterford, Saratoga County. 17th of December. The corner-stone of a structure to support the bridge across the Hudson Kiver at Poughkeepsie was laid by James W. Husted, Junior Grand "Warden, in the presence of a large number of citizens and members of the Fraternity. 9th of April, 1874. The corner-stone of the City Hall at the city of Kingston was laid with Masonic ceremonies, under the direction of Ellwood E. Thorne, Deputy Grand Master, in the presence of an imposing concourse of people of that city and its vicinity, together with a large delega- tion of the Craft. A NUMBEB OF DEDICATOEY SEEVICES were performed as follows : On the twenty-fourth day of June, 1873, the beautiful Hall of Lowville Lodge, No. 134, at Lowville, Lewis County, 232 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY was formally dedicated, A. H. Sawyer of "Watertown acting as Grand Master. On the 8th of October Eobert D. Jillson, Deputy for the twentieth district, presided at the dedication of the Hall prepared for the use of Dansville Lodge, No. 478, at Eogers- ville, Steuben County. On the 18th of November the rooms of Lily Lodge, No. 342, at Morrisania, Westchester County, were solemnly dedi- cated by Ellwood E. Thome, Deputy Grand Master. On the 26th of November the same officer dedicated with the ceremonies of the Craft the Hall of Glen Cove Lodge, No. 580, at Glen Cove, Queens County. On the 19th of December the elegant Hall of Springville Lodge, No. 351, at Springville, Erie County, was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies. On the 26th of December the apartments prepared for the use of Little Falls Lodge, No. 181, at Little Falls, in the county of Herkimer, were dedicated by Edmund L. Judson, Senior Grand "Warden. On the 5th of January, 1874, the Hall of Salem Lodge, No. 391, at Salem, "Washington County, was dedicated by James Gibson, Past Grand Master. On the 7th of January Ellwood E. Thorne, Deputy Grand Master, dedicated the Hall of Cornucopia Lodge, No. 563, at Flushing, Queens County. On the 22d of January the beautiful Hall of Sanger Lodge, No. 129, was dedicated at "Waterville, in the county of Oneida. On the 5th of March the Hall of Schuyler Lodge, No. 676, at Schuylerville, Saratoga County, was dedicated by Norman Z. Baker, Deputy for the thirteenth district. On the 19th of March the same officer dedicated the rooms of Granville Lodge, No. 55, at Granville, "Washington County. A CUBAN MASONIC EXCITEMENT was created in November, 1873, by the issuance of a circular by several brethren of New York City, and forwarded to all the Lodges in the jurisdiction, in which the attention of the brethren was called to the alleged cruel and inhuman treat- IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 233 ment to which Masons and their widows and orphans were subjected in the island of Cuba by the Spanish authorities and their dependants, and the atrocities said to have been committed by them on certain occasions were carefully recited, and the Lodges were called upon, " in the name of humanity, and in obedience to a sense of justice," to request the Grand Master " to call an Emergent Communication of the Grand Lodge to take such action thereon as the exigency seemed to require." The resolution preferring the request was adopted by more than one half of the Lodges of the State, and duly forwarded to the Grand Master, signed by their officers and under the seal of the Lodges. Doubtless the statements were believed by the brethren to be true, buf there was no reliable testimony to establish their truth. At this period there was in the United States a state of feverish anxiety at the prospect of war with Spain, conse- quent upon the treatment to which the crew of the Virginius were subjected on their capture in Spanish waters, and a sus- picion was entertained that an attempt was being made to use the Fraternity as a means of strengthening the popular excite- ment in favor of the prosecution of hostilities against Spain, on the part of this country, for the benefit of the Cubans. If the story of their wrongs, in all the details as presented,' was true, the Masons of Cuba and their families were entitled to our sympathies and our fraternal assistance ; but the Grand Lodge could do nothing to aid them in their extremity. Such a course as to hold sympathetic meetings would but add to their misery, by drawing to the attention of their perse- cutors the fact that Masons elsewhere were seeking to arouse indignation and turn the civilized world against them. YELLOW FEVEB AT MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE. An immediate call for pecuniary relief, in consequence of the breaking out of yellow fever at Memphis, Tennessee, notwithstanding the tightness of the money market, and the difficulties incident to debt in building the Masonic Hall, re- sulted in semiing forward $667 ; this was in addition to such sums as were forwarded direct by Lodges as individual gifts. 234 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY THE MASONIC BOABD OF BELIEF OF THE CITY OF NEW YOEK reported that of its receipts, $£,489.57, there had been expended, among four hundred and thirty-two applicants, the sum of $5,092.47. The salary of the Grand Secretary was increased to $3,500, and, in addition thereto, an allowance was made of $1,500 for clerk hire. Further compensations were made as follows : For Grand Treasurer, $500, and for the Grand Pursuivant and Grand Tiler, each $200. For the Grand Lecturer, whose office had become one of appointment under the new Constitution, " such sum as may be agreed between him and the Lodges who may desire to secure his services, the sum to be not less than five dollars per day and traveling expenses." FEINTED PEOCEEDINGS FEOM 1781 TO 1852. Inasmuch as the Proceedings of the Grand Lodge had not been annually printed from 1781 to 1816, and those from 1816 to 1852 were extremely scarce, the Grand Lodge "ResoVoed, That Kane Lodge, No. 454, Free and Accepted Masons of the City of New York, is hereby authorized to copy and print the Proceedings as above from organization to 1815, and reprint them from 1816 to 1852, the same to be done without any expense to this Grand Lodge." AN OFFICIAL GEAND LODGE BULLETIN. It having been suggested by the Grand Master, that the duties of his office would be materially lessened by per- mitting his large official correspondence to be issued, either monthly or quarterly, to the Lodges and brethren, by authority of the Grand Lodge, in the form of a printed bulletin, a committee, to whom the matter had been referred, reported : " That there should be some ready and easy method afforded the Grand Master to transmit his decisions, edicts, and statutory admonitions to the Craft within the jurisdiction, is very obvious. The principal difficulty rests IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 235 in securing the means by which this desirable end can be attained and made effective in its operations, and at the same time be free from harm and ultimate danger to our harmonious stability. As the power to issue circular letters from his office rests optional with the Grand Master, to be used as the exigency of the case may require, there can scarcely be a necessity for the periodical issue of an official paper. " There are also serious impediments which suggest them- selves, in the way of selecting a secular paper or a maga- zine, ostensibly a Masonic periodical, for an official organ. Although well-meant and judiciously placed in proper hands in the outset, it might, nevertheless, in course of time, glide into other and less careful hands, devoid of the pure, fresh impulses of the originators, and which might be used as a vehicle to political or sectarian proclivities, thus prostituting the Institution to mercenary and secular purposes. It seems better that we should avoid such entanglements, and main- tain our ancient position as Free and Accepted Masons, with an escutcheon untarnished by political and sectarian influences. Mnding the subject encircled by difficulties too intricate and formidable for a ready solution, we would deferentially suggest that, instead of communicating Masonic communica- tions through a semi-official medium, the Grand Master adhere to the ancient custom of transmitting, as occasion may require, his encyclical letters to the Craft ; in this form his mandates receive due respect and proper consideration." APPOINTMENTS OF GRAND OFFICERS, as authorized by the new Constitution, were made by the Grand Master, Ellwood E. Thorne, as follows : Eeverends R. L. Schoonmaker, John G. Webster, and George H. Hepworth, Grand Chaplains; Charles Eoome, Grand Marshal ; Isaac H. Brown, Grand Standard Bearer ; Daniel W. Talcott, Grand Sword Bearer ; Marvin D. Wheeler, George A. Phelan, George F. Burn, Richard H. Huntington, Grand Stewards ; Henry D. Walker, Senior 236 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Grand Deacon ; Henry A. Richey, Junior Grand Deacon ; George H. Raymond, Grand Lecturer; Isaac B. Conover, Grand Librarian; Johnston Fountain, Grand Pursuivant; John Hoole, Grand Tiler. ELLWOOD ENGLE THOKNE, GRAND MASTEB. Brother Ellwood E. Thorne was born in Philadelphia, Pa., October 2, 1831. He was liberally educated, and had all the advantages of scholastic opportunity. In early life he exhibited a disposition to see much of the world, and during his manhood gratified his desire by visiting most of the distant nations of the earth. He was zealous, devoted, and tireless in energy ; courteous and affable in disposition. He was ambitious, and labored faithfully to attain his pur- poses. He was the successful founder and became the presi- dent of the Central Safe Deposit Company in the city of New York. In time he was appointed the chairman of the Executive Committee of the United States Board of Trade. In person Brother Thorne was of full stature and com- manding presence, yet genial and affable. "When twenty-four years of age, in lS55,he was located in Cincinnati, Ohio, and there was made a Mason in Lafayette Lodge, No. 81, on the 1st of February; subsequently he moved to New York City, and affiliated with Prince of Orange Lodge, ISTo. 16, on December 17, 1S5T. He evinced a love for the Fraternity, and his ambition led him to become the Master of the Lodge in December, 1860, and for eleven consecutive years was re-elected. In 1870 and 1871 he was appointed Deputy for the first district in the State. This position was followed by his election to the office of Deputy Grand Master in 1872, and again in 1873, and in 1874 and 1875 to that of Grand Master. The ser- vices of Brother Thorne while Grand Master were promi- nent in the numerous official calls that were made upon him ; to wit, the dedication of the Masonic Hall, in laying cor- ner-stones of prominent structures, in establishing Subordi- nate Bodies, and in attending to other duties incident to his GRAND MASTER, 1874-75. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 237 high office. Among these were his prominence in rendering funeral honors to the memory of Most Worshipful James L. Orr, United States Minister to Russia, during the reception of his body in this city and its being forwarded to its South- ern home ; also the untiring interest of the brother — and as well his wife — in making a success of the Grand Masonic Fair held in Apollo Hall, in the city of New York, in aid of the Hall and Asylum Fund. Brother Thorne was not indifferent to the several branches of Freemasonry, but took a lively and prominent interest in Capitular, Cryptic, and Chivalric Masonry, as well as in the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, Northern Jurisdiction. In the Order of the Temple he became the Eminent Com- mander of Palestine Commandery, No. 18. Brother Thorne died at Shelter Island, January 2, 1891. " Integrity and honor were conspicuous traits of his useful life, and in his devotion to the Craft he has left us all an example which we will do well to follow." 1875. THE DEDICATION OF THE TEMPLE. The second term of Grand Master Ell wood E. Thorne was preceded by the dedication of the Masonic Hall, which was more commonly known as the Masonic Temple, corner of Sixth Avenue and Twenty-third Street, New York City. A resolution had been adopted by the Building Commit- tee, on August 10, 1874, requesting the Board of Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund to order the Masonic Hall to be dedicated at the earliest possible date ; not later than November, 1874. The Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund were satisfied that it would give more general satisfaction to the Craft throughout the State to have the dedication take place during the Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge, and therefore resolved, that it occur on the second day of the Annual Communication of 1875, the second day of June, and the Grand Master so ordered. He appealed to all Masters, 238 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Wardens, and brethren of the Lodges in the State for liberal contributions to a dedication fund ; and Right Worshipful Henry A. Richey, Junior Grand Deacon, was authorized to receive donations accordingly. May 1, 1875, the Board of Trustees acknowledged receipts with balance of cash in bank in 1874, $303,529.36, and dis- bursements, with cash in bank May 1, 1875, of $2,036.60, amounting to same sum. The real estate, construction, furniture, and expense account at this time amounted to $1,278,646.57 ; the'funded debt was $554,390. The Grand Marshal, Charles Roome, submitted the report of Edward H. Kent, Chief of Staff, to Grand Master Thorne on the 2d of June, detailing the number of brethren present. PEOCESSION FOE DEDICATION. The mounted police were in command of Inspector Brother George W. Dilks. Then followed Henry Clay Preston, Marshal of the Day, with Edward Henry Kent, Chief of Staff. Staff. Charles S. Arthur. John B. Woodward. Samuel A. Lewis, Jr. Robert Irwin. William T. Lloyd. George Scott. George W. Schoonmaker. Walter W. Adams. Hiram Calkins. George C. F. Wright. Sidney P. Mchols. J. G. Corby. Daniel D. Wylie. William H. Steiner, Secretary of Staff. Jacob Hess, Mounted Aid. E. M. L. Ehlers, Marshal of Knights Templars. Mounted Aids. John Whittaker. M. D. Myers. Charles Hilton. H. H. Brockway. Claudius F. Beatty. George Kinkel. John S. Dickerman. William W. Lawson. William S. Gardner. Frederick G. Gedney. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 239 There were in line seven divisions of Knights Templars, one division of the Scottish Rite, Northern Jurisdiction, with the Councils, Royal and Select Masons, and those of the Royal Arch of the State ; followed by seventeen divisions of the Craft, preceding the twenty-sixth division, composed of the Grand Lodge and its attendants, as follows : Grand Marshal — Right "Worshipful Charles Roome. Aids — Brothers Edward L. Gaul, Robert Lenox Banks, James F. Ferguson, Thomas R. Fisher, "William F. Moller. Gilmore's Band and Drum Corps 100 Choristers 60 Grand Sword and Standard Bearers 2 Members of the Grand Lodge 368 Brethren bearing the Lodge 4 Brethren bearing corn, wine, and oil ' 3 Architect and Building Committee 6 Brethren bearing the Holy Bible 4 Chaplains of the Grand Lodge 3 Grand Librarian and Lecturer ' . . . . 2 District Deputy Grand Masters 26 Past Grand Wardens 5 Past District Deputy Grand Masters .' 3 Past Grand Masters 10 Grand Orator 1 Grand Lodge Officers from other jurisdictions 114 Reception Committee 15 Commissioners of Appeals 5 Officers of the Grand Lodge 13 Grand Stewards 4 Grand Master 1 Total in twenty-sixth division 755 Total staff of aids were 28 in number; of the escort, 5,662; of Symbolic Masons, 17,429. Grand total, 23,119. The procession moving at nine a.m., arrived at the Masonic Hall at twelve m., and occupied three hours passing a given 240 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY point. The chimes of Grace Church on Broadway were continuous. Grand Officers from fourteen Grand Lodges in the Union, and from three Grand Lodges in foreign countries, attended the ceremonies. THE DEDICATORY SERVICES that followed were a complete ceremony, with prayer, music, a dedication by Grand Master Ellwood E. Thorne, to Free- masonry, Virtue, and Universal Benevolence ; an invoca- tion, succeeded by an admirable oration delivered by John L. Lewis, Past Grand Master, which will justly live among the brightest of the Grand Lodge records. Subsequently due proclamation and declaration were made ; and after further music, the services of the day were pronounced closed, and an occasion happily ended that was one of the most memorable in the annals of Masonry in New York State. It is hardly necessary to state that a day of so much rejoicing could not end without a feast, which properly should give health to the body and food to the mind ; and so there was a great gathering at Irving Hall, that enjoyed a Masonic banquet in honor of the Temple dedication. Trustees of the Hall and Asylum, Fund. Ellwood E. Thorne, President. James "W". Husted. Jesse B. Anthony.' Levi M. Gano. James M. Austin, Secretary and Treasurer. Building Committee. Charles J. Crane. Charles Boome. John D. Brown. John T. Conover. Zachariah Dederick. Architect. Napoleon Le Brun. Master Builders. John T. Conover. John Downey. IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 241 Dedication Committee. Acting under the Direction of the Grand Master. John W. Simons, Chairman. W. Zachariah Dederick, 1st Vice-President. James Ten Eyck, 2d Vice-President. John T. Conover, Treasurer. Stephen E. Gardner, Secretary. HOWARD LODGE, NO. 35, BEREAVEMENT. An incident of moment seriously affecting a particular Lodge was the death of three Past Masters of Howard Lodge within sixty days. On the 3d of January, 1875, James H. Chappell, Past Master of Howard Lodge, ISTo. 35, while visiting his family at Manchester, England, suddenly died at the age of fifty-two years. Brother Chappell was a most vigorous and intelligent man, he was enthusiastically attached to the principles and prac- tice of Masonry, and his death was a severe 'blow to the Lodge of which he was so prominent a member. On the 9th of January, Howard Lodge met with a second bereavement in the death of Henry H. Christie, Past Master ; and again on the 23d of February, the Lodge was called to mourn the death of still another Past Master, Eichard P. Gibson. THE CORNER-STONES OF TWO MONUMENTS TO SOLDIERS were laid by invitation, under the imposing public cere- monies of Masonry — one on June 20th, at Schenectady, by Eight Worshipful Jesse B. Anthony ; and the other at Trin- ity Cemetery, New York City, by Eight Worshipful Henry S. Knapp, under the auspices of Charity Lodge, ISTo. 727, on the 23d of May. On July 7th the corner-stone of the high school build- ing at Clyde was laid with interesting and impressive cere- monies, which were greatly augmented by the presence of VOL. IV. — 16 242 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY the Commandery of Knights Templars from Palmyra. Eight Worshipful John Yandenburg conducted the services. THE DEDICATION ' OF HALLS to the purposes of Masonry were numerous, and were duly authorized by the Grand Master. Two of them shortly after the Convention of the Grand Lodge in June, 1874, as follows : On the 20th of June, 1874, the rooms of Columbia Lodge, No. 98, were dedicated at Chatham Tillage, Columbia County. The services were public, and were conducted by Jesse B. Anthony, Senior Grand Warden. On the 24th of June the rooms of Phoenix Lodge, No. 115, at Dansville, were dedicated. The Dispensation was issued to Past Grand Master John L. Lewis, but Eight Worshipful Eobert D. Jillson, assisted by Eight Worshipful Darius A. Ogden, performed the ceremonies. Later in the year the following mentioned rooms were dedicated : On the 7th of October the new rooms of Aquila Lodge, No. 700, at Hudson, Columbia County, were dedicated with the usual ceremonies. On the 13th of January, 1875, the rooms of Canastota Lodge, No. 231, in Madison County, were dedicated by Jerome Dillenbeck. On the 14th of January the rooms of Herschel Lodge, No. 508, at Hartford, Washington County, were dedicated, Jonathan S. Smith officiating. On the 12th of February the new Masonic Hall in the city of Ogdensburg was publicly dedicated by Edwin M. Holbrook. On the 15th of February the rooms of Ark Lodge, No. 48, at Coxsackie, were dedicated by Jesse B. Anthony. On the 7th of April the rooms of Architect Lodge, No. 519, at the corner of Eighty-sixth Street and Third Avenue, New York City, were dedicated, the Grand Master officiat- ing ; who also, on the 6th of May, dedicated rooms of Hoff- IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 243 man Lodge, No. 412, at Middletown, Orange County, in the presence of a large concourse of citizens. On the 24th of June the rooms of Newark Lodge, No. 83, at Newark, "Wayne County, were dedicated by John Van- denburg. On the 26th of August, the roOms of La Moka Lodge, No. 463, at Tyrone, Schuyler County, were dedicated in the presence of a large concourse of citizens. An oration was delivered by Darius A. Ogden. Levi M. Gano, Junior Grand Warden, James M. Austin, Grand Secretary, C. N. Shipman, and other Grand Officers rendered assistance. September 8th. The New Masonic Hall at Albany was dedicated with imposing ceremonies, most of the Grand Officers being present. Brother Robert H. Pruyn was the orator of the occasion. September 16th. The new rooms of Oltmans Lodge, No. 446, and Star of Hope Lodge, No. 430, at Williamsburg, were dedicated. The ceremonies were followed by an ora- tion and entertainment. November 16th. The rooms of Alcyone Lodge, No. 695, at Northport, Suffolk County, Long Island, were publicly dedicated with the usual ceremonies. The Grand Master was assisted by Charles Roome, Grand Marshal, and Broth- ers James E. Morrison and Charles K. Hyde, District Deputy Grand Masters. An oration was delivered by Brother James E. Morrison. BANNER PRESENTATION. The. earnest and untiring brother, Isaac H. Brown, pre- sented the Grand Lodge with a handsome banner, the gift of his lady friends, which was evidently most acceptable to the Grand Lodge, and which had cost $740. MISCELLANY. The Board of Relief had assisted three hundred and ninety-five applicants at an expense of $3,516.84, and to eight others the Grand Lodge donated $265. 244 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY All the Past elective Grand Officers were brought within the line of other officers receiving traveling expenses and per diem. Mt. Vernon Lodge, No. 3, was returned its original War- rant, which was granted as Union Lodge, No. 1. St. John's Lodge, No. 1, was granted an attested copy of its Warrant as a working authority, in order that the orig- inal might be preserved and placed in the archives of the Lodge. Eight Lodges had been established by Dispensation during the year, seven of which were granted Warrants by the Grand Lodge, and the one at Savona, Steuben County, con- ditional upon making its returns. The Librarian, Isaac B. Conover, reported that the Library Eooms, on the mezzanine floor of the Hall, which were well lighted and ventilated, had been fitted up, and fifteen hun- dred volumes, mainly Masonic works, were upon the shelves ; that the apartments were open for inspection, and were well adapted for reading-rooms. Two hundred dollars were voted to continue the collection of books. A highly prized, handsome old pitcher, embellished with many Masonic emblems, was accepted by the Grand Lodge as a gift from the widow of Brother William C. Barnes, and ordered to be carefully placed in the archives. The Grand Lodge, looking to its own sense of pride and adornment, expended over seven hundred dollars in jewels, aprons, and other regalia; ordered a handsome frame for the portrait of James Herring, but declined to place a frame on Stuart's painting of Washington, as the cost would be two or three hundred dollars. The Grand Lodge banner was ordered to be kept in a case, the cost of which should not exceed one hundred and fifty dollars. Of sixty-six decisions given by the Grand Master during the year, the Grand Lodge sustained all except ten ; and, in consequence of the labor imposed upon the Grand Master, adopted the rule establishing "a Committee on Masonic Jurisprudence, to consist of seven members. To this com- mittee shall be referred all domestic correspondence requir- IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 245 ing action, and questions relative to Masonic law, and to the usages, privileges, and customs of the Fraternity." Many of the decisions were of elementary questions rendered necessary by the provision of the new Constitu- tions and Statutes, repealing all past regulations. They had long been recognized as correct principles of Masonic law. PRIVILEGED MEMBERSHIP. In the matter of the decision, No. 50, of Grand Master Thorne, the following was the language used : " Where a Lodge passes a by-law which prescribes that 'a brother who shall have been a faithful member of his Lodge in good standing for ten years consecutively, shall be a privileged member, entitled to all the benefits of the Lodge by paying Grand Lodge dues only,' and a member of a Lodge has complied with all the provisions of said law, after which the Lodge rescinded the by-law. Held that the brother could not be compelled to pay dues to his Lodge, other than Grand Lodge dues." The subject was new. The Grand Lodge approved the decision, and yet there appeared to be a doubtful feeling existing in the matter. The decision, however, was acqui- esced in. In 1879 Grand Master Judson presented the case clearly, giving his views as to what is " life membership or privileged membership in a Lodge. This is acquired in two ways : first, by the payment, at once, of a specified sum in lieu of all other dues ; and, secondly, by the payment of ten years' dues, without default, after which the member becomes privileged, or, in other words, exempt from the regular annual dues. This latter is effected by a clause in the by-laws to that effect, and it is claimed that the Lodge, by repealing the law at any time previous to the expiration of the time named, sets aside the whole proceeding, and the payments made go for nothing so far as the exemption is concerned. On the other hand, it is held that the adoption of such a by-law is a special contract entered into by the Lodge with its members, and 'that those who faithfully comply there- 246 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY with cannot be deprived of their prospective benefit by the repeal of the law; for otherwise it would be ex post facto in its effect, and contrary to the spirit of Masonic as well as civil law." The subject matter having gone to the Committee on Jurisprudence, it requested that it be further considered and reported upon in 1880. This was granted, and the Commit- tee reported that it should be " remembered that the precise question before us arises upon the construction of a by-law of Pacific Lodge, No. 233, adopted in 1865, and repealed in 1868, under the amendatory clause of their by-laws, which gave that power, and which is in these words : ' A brother who shall have been a faithful member of this Lodge for ten years consecutively shall be a privileged member, and en- titled to all the benefits of the Lodge by paying Grand Lodge dues only.' This has been discussed as though it con- stituted a contract between the Lodge and its members, which may well be doubted ; but as the entire by-laws of that Lodge must have been embraced in the engagement, including the right to repeal as one of its conditions before the expiration of the ten years, and as no new or additional consideration was given beyond that which each member was already required to give, we are of opinion that no one has acquired any vested right under it at the time of the repeal, and that even if viewed in the light of a contract it was not completed till the ' brother ' should ' have been a faithful member of the Lodge for ten years consecu- tively.' " The Grand Lodge determined the much-debated subject by the adoption of the following : " Resolved, That a privileged member, under a by-law relative to payment of dues for a period of years, and to be thereafter exempt, acquired thereby no vested right ; the con- tract, if such it be, between him and his Lodge, being execu- tory only, and subject to the amendatory clause of the by- laws to be amended, changed, or repealed ; the whole period not having elapsed so as to make it an executed contract, and the members having been only required to pay the IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 247 amount of dues prescribed by tbe by-laws and no more, and hence only having performed their duty." The Grand Lodge discouraged the practice of Lodges having privileged members. The case of Brother Charles C. Greenough, claiming to be a privileged member in Pacific Lodge, No. 233, is recited in the Proceedings of 1885, then a Mason of thirty-three years standing. The subject came before the Committee on Jurisprudence in 1885, who reported that they " emphatically reaffirm the positions and convictions of the Committees of 1879 and 1880, and offered an amended resolution which was adopted, thus : " Resolved, That a privileged member, under a by-law relative to payment of dues for a period of years, and to be thereafter exempt, acquires thereby, necessarily, no vested interest; the contract, if such it be, between him and his Lodge, being executory only, and subject to an amendatory clause of the by-laws of the Lodge, by which it may be at any time amended, changed, or repealed." The Committee, however, was continued until the succeed- ing year, and was directed to investigate the question in all its branches. Nothing new, however, was elicited; the whole subject was repeated, with arguments pro and con, but leaning strongly to a frown against the existence of any such privi- lege of membership in a Lodge, and desiring that the Grand Lodge should take action thereon. They therefore appended a proposed amendment to the Statutes, authorizing Lodges to enact restrictive by-laws, providing for exemption of members from the payment of dues. This proposed amend- ment was rejected in 1886. The report was signed by Brothers Edmund L. Judson, John L. Lewis, Clinton F. Paige, Charles Boome, and John K. Anderson. Below the signatures a line reads : " I dissent from so much of the report as recommends an amendment to the Statutes. Joseph J. Couch." 248 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY GKAND LECTUBER. "What course best to pursue to render satisfactory to the Lodges the services of the Grand Lecturer did not appear to be quite clear, but a determination finally was reached to compensate him at the rate of fifteen hundred dollars per annum, from the treasury of the Grand Lodge, together with an allowance of three hundred dollars for traveling expenses ; and in consideration of the same it was made his duty to visit personally each Masonic district in the State, and exemplify therein the three degrees of Masonry at least once in each Masonic year ; due notice of such exem- plification to be communicated to each Lodge in the district to be visited. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. The following were made a part of the Constitution and Statutes of Grand Lodge : Sub. 3, Sec. 54. An Entered Apprentice or Fellow Craft made by a Lodge which shall have ceased to exist, may apply to any Lodge within the jurisdiction of which he resides, for the remaining degrees or degree; and, if the Lodge accept his application, shall become a member of such Lodge, and sign its by-laws on receiving the third degree. Sec. 58. The Grand Lodge shall have original jurisdiction to enforce the provisions of its Constitution and Statutes, and to hear and determine charges which may be preferred against an unaffiliated Mason, and all matters of contro- versy which may arise between Lodges, or between a Lodge and its Master, or between a Lodge and a member or the members of another Lodge, or members of different Lodges ; and when charges are preferred in any of the foregoing cases, it shall be the duty of the Grand Master or a Dis- trict Deputy Grand Master of the district in which the offense or controversy shall arise, to appoint by his Warrant a Commission, consisting of not more than five nor less than three disinterested brethren, who shall have attained IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 249 the rani of Master, and shall hail from at least three dif- ferent Lodges, to hear and determine the same. Sub. 6, Sec. 40. For the adjoining fee of every Master Mason, and also every Entered Apprentice or Fellow Craft, from without the jurisdiction. Amend the Statutes as follows : Sec. 25. No Lodge shall distribute its funds among its members, nor introduce intoxicating liquors within its Lodge room, or any room adjoining, nor countenance or permit clandestine lecturing, nor meet for Masonic labor, other than in the burial of a Mason, on the first day of the week, commonly called Sunday. Stjb. 3, Sec 31. To pay them out by order of the Master and consent of the brethren. Amend Sec. 49 by inserting, at the end of the sixth ques- tion, the words, " last past" so that it will read : Have you resided in the town, village, or city in which you now reside for four months last past ? Sec. 65. Any brother who shall in any way make known the kind of a ballot cast by himself or another, on the appli- cation for the degrees of Masonry, or any of them, or for affiliation ; or if, after any such balloting as aforesaid, at which such application has been rejected, any brother shall in any way declare that he or any other brother cast a cer- tain kind of a ballot at such balloting, or shall declare that any specified or indicated number of white balls or ballots, or black balls or ballots, was cast at any balloting as afore- said, it shall be deemed a Masonic offense ; and such brother so offending may, on conviction thereof, be suspended for a period not exceeding one year. And, on the trial of a brother for any offense specified in this section, it shall not be permitted to prove the kind of ballot cast by any brother, nor the number of white balls or ballots, of black balls or ballots, cast at any such balloting. Sec. 71. A warranted Lodge. shall have, with the Grand Lodge, concurrent jurisdiction over any unaffiliated Mason residing within its territorial jurisdiction, and original juris- diction over any Entered Apprentice made or Fellow Craft 250 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY passed therein, and over any of its members except its Master; and when charges are preferred in a Lodge, a Commission shall be appointed by the presiding Master, consisting of not less than three nor more than five mem- bers of the said Lodge, to take testimony in the case, and report the same to the Lodge for its judgment. The decis- ion of the Lodge shall be final, unless an appeal be taken therefrom to the Grand Master or the Grand Lodge, in the same manner as provided in section sixty-eight. Sec. 54. No ballot on a petition for initiation, passing or raising, or for affiliation, can be taken at any other than a stated Communication; and unless the ballot be unani- mous in favor of the petitioner he shall be declared re- jected. Sec. 60. A Lodge shall not confer the second degree or the third degree on the same candidate or candidates at a less interval than two weeks from the time of conferring the preceding degree. Sec. 45. No member shall be permitted to dimit from the Lodge of which he is a member until he shall present a cer- tificate from some warranted Lodge that he has petitioned for membership therein : on presentation of such certificate, and upon the written request of the brother, the Lodge, at a stated Communication shall, if the member is not an elected officer of, or indebted to, the Lodge, or under charges, issue a certificate of dimit, which shall not be delivered to the brother, but shall be transmitted by the Secretary of the Lodge to the Lodge from which such certificate of petition came; which dimit shall not become operative, or the brother's membership in the Lodge issuing the dimit terminated, until notice has been received that the brother has consummated membership in the other Lodge ; pro- vided, that when any member shall be or become a resident of another Grand Lodge jurisdiction, a dimit may be granted to him direct and without compliance with the foregoing provisions. But any member of a Lodge against whom charges are not pending, and whose dues and indebtedness to the Lodge IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 251 are paid, may withdraw from membership by presenting a written application therefor at a stated Communication. The Lodge shall grant the request of the brother by dropping his name from the rolls, and his membership shall thereby be terminated, and he shall be subject to the disabilities of an unaffiliated Master Mason; provided, however, that an elected officer cannot withdraw. Sec. 42. One who shall remain an unaffiliated Mason within this jurisdiction one year or more shall not be allowed to visit any Lodge, or join in a Masonic procession, nor be entitled to receive Masonic relief or burial. Sec 74. Charges preferred which, if proven, would not constitute a Masonic offense, may be and should be dismissed by the Lodge or officer before which the same may have been preferred. Sec 78. A Lodge having expelled a member, may restore such expelled Mason to the rights of Masonry at any time and by a majority vote, notice of a motion to do so having been made at a preceding stated Communication, and a Lodge may terminate a definite suspension at any time; provided, however, that such restoration shall not be made when the Grand Lodge shall have affirmed the decision on appeal. A FOEM OF MASONIC CERTIFICATE OF INCOEPOEATION was presented by the Secretary of State, Brother Diedrich "Willers, for the use of Lodges desiring to incorporate under the Act of April 2, 1866, chapter 317, under which many Lodges were then holding real estate. There were in this year, 1875, forty-six representatives of other Grand Lodges near that of New York, which was represented by forty-two near other Grand Lodges. The Grand Lodge ordered that annually, during its Com- munications, the Masonic flag should be displayed from the staff oh the Hall. 252 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY PAST GEAND MASTER WINSLOW LEWIS, M.D., OF MASSACHUSETTS, died August 3, 1875, after a brief illness, at Grantville, near Boston, Massachusetts, at the age of seventy-six. His funeral services took place August 6th, the Grand Master, Percival L. Everett, conducting the ceremonies. Dr. Lewis was an eminent surgeon, in which profession he had few superiors. He was prominent in various medical, scientific, historical, and genealogical societies, and was a graduate of Harvard College. His Masonic career commenced Novem- ber 5, 1830, and he was connected with the various grades of the Institution, holding the highest position in all. He was Grand Master in 1855, 1856, and 1860. He once re- marked : " Truth and my feelings prompt the declaration that in Masonry I have found the best friends, the best social ties and comforts ; and the whitest hours of my life (apart from my family) have been when surrounded by brothers, and around that altar where heart beats responsive to heart, and all mingle into bliss." The receipts of the Grand Lodge during the year for dues of Lodges, Warrants, Dispensations, certificates, diplomas, and dues of brethren of defunct Lodges, were $100,849.25; the number of initiations, 4,135 ; and the total number of registered members, May 1, 1875, 80,701. THE GEAND LODGE LIBEAET had steadily increased in the number of its volumes, and an endeavor had been made to make the Library available for the use of the brethren, by the sub-appointment of Brother Benjamin F. Brady as assistant Librarian, who should be constantly in attendance, and prepared to unlock the cases and permit the various works to be read; but unfortunately, Brother Brady was called to Europe, and the cases and rooms were again put under lock and key. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 253 WEBOTUCK LODGE, NO. 480, AND THE GRAND LODGE OF CONNECTICUT. "A cloud no bigger than a man's hand" was scarcely visible on the eastern horizon of the Masonic jurisdiction of New York, and might have been dissipated without humility to the neighboring Grand Lodge of Connecticut, had a little more wisdom been exercised by its Grand Master, who, un- fortunately, made a decision which pride, or that which may be more correctly termed a stubborn will, would not allow to be withdrawn or even modified. Result : nearly ten years of controversy, which included a declaration of non-inter- course by the. Grand Lodge of the State of New York in 1880, the withdrawal of the declaration in the second year thereafter, and an announcement made of a willingness to arbitrate. Arbitration at the suggestion of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut was waived, the rights claimed by New York were completely conceded, a manly confession of the error committed by Connecticut was made, and a request for reciprocal interchange of the old, old friendship transmitted to the Grand Master of New York. The subject of the difficulty was brought to the attention of the Grand Lodge in June, 1875, through a petition from Webotuck Lodge, No. 480, alleging that Brothers Ralph K. "Woodward and William W. Knight, members of that Lodge, had " signed, in 1872, a petition for a Charter for a Lodge to be located in Sharon, State of Connecticut, under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of that State. Webotuck Lodge, receiving no notice of the same, had considered them as members in good standing, and continued to pay Grand Lodge dues for said brothers." . . . On being cited to appear before Webotuck Lodge in 1874, and show cause why they should not be unaffiliated, they claimed to be members of Hamilton Lodge in Connecticut. The subject at that time was referred to Grand Master Ellwood E. Thorne, to take such action in the premises as the interests of Webotuck Lodge required, and the dignity of the New York Grand Lodge demanded. 254 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY In July or August, 1872, W. W. Knight, K. K "Woodward, Charles H. Gilbert, "W. G. Denny, Eev. R. Hunt, and Myron Pitcher, all members of "Webotuck Lodge, signed a petition for a new Lodge at Sharon, Connecticut. "Woodward re- mained a resident of New York State until 1875. The Connecticut authorities claimed that the act of sign- ing the petition for a Dispensation, and continuing in the new Lodge under the "Warrant, severed the New York member- ship. Under the operation of the New York Constitution and Statutes, membership can only be severed when it shall appear that no charges are pending against the member, and that all indebtedness to the Lodge has been paid by him. The brethren under consideration had not discharged their indebtedness, nor been dimitted from Webotuck Lodge in New York State. On the part of Connecticut the subject had been referred to the Grand Master with power. The Grand Master caUed the attention of Hamilton Lodge to the grievance set forth by the Grand Lodge of New York, and Hamilton Lodge replied they were willing to do aught within their power. The Grand Lodge of Connecticut, however, held that the brethren named were members of Hamilton Lodge, and that they should pay the amount of dues owing by them to "Webotuck Lodge, at the time of granting the Charter of Hamilton Lodge, No. 54. To this the Grand Lodge of New York could not assent. It appears, according to Past Grand Master Rowe, that, "when Hamilton Lodge was dedicated in 1873, and the Charter restored, the then Grand Master of Connecticut, L. A. Lockwood, and Grand Lecturer C. M. Hatch were present. The subject was referred to them, and they decided that " the signing the roll severed the connection with "Webotuck Lodge." The Dispensation was not to form a new Lodge, but to restore a forfeited Charter. Here is the Connecticut law: Section 21 of the by-laws of the Grand Lodge expressly provides, that "the Grand Master shall have power and authority, upon the application of seven or more members of IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 255 any Lodge that may have forfeited and given up its Charter and effects, to grant a Dispensation to such brethren, authoriz- ing them to resume labor," etc. This authority is reposed in the Grand Master only upon the petition of members. It is not claimed that these brethren were members of Hamil- ton Lodge prior to the forfeiture of the Charter. How, then, could they appear as members on a petition to restore the same ? Should it be claimed that in Connecticut it is lawful to join a defunct Lodge for that purpose ? If so, then section 27 of their by-laws provided " that no member of any Lodge within this jurisdiction shall join another Lodge with- out producing evidence of his being a non-affiliated Mason in good standing." In this case there was no occasion to seek for evidence of non-affiliation, for the report of the Com- mittee admits that they became petitioners for the Charter "while members of "Webotuck Lodge." These brethren were not legally members of the defunct Lodge when the petition was signed. How, then, could the then Grand Master legally retain their names among the petitioners ? The primary mistake of the whole matter was, that the Grand Master of Connecticut, while correctly construing the law, that " one joining in a petition for a new Lodge, or for the restoration of an old one, and remaining with it when the Grand Lodge grants a new "Warrant, or restores an old one, thereby becomes a member, and is lifted out of his former affiliation," apparently forgot that his jurisdiction terminated with the boundary lines of Connecticut, and that the law just quoted is not a general law of Masonry to which all Grand Lodges have consented, but only local, and having no force beyond the particular jurisdiction in which it is enacted. The subject had now dragged along for five years, and from all appearances the breach had widened ; each Grand Lodge was settling down to an apparent satisfaction that it was right, and further controversy was needless. « In 1880, however, General Charles Eoome, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of New York, to whom the subject had been confided, determined to make an effort at fraternal adjustment, as had 256 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY been done by his predecessors, and opened a correspondence with Grand Master Israel M. Bullock, who promised to lay the whole question before his Grand Lodge at its next Annual Communication, prior to the occurrence of which he died. The Deputy, John H. Barlow, succeeded as Grand Master. At the Grand Communication, Past Grand Master John W. Simons of New York presented himself, by request of Grand Master Boome, to aid, in case the matter could be adjusted ; but the Grand Lodge of Connecticut did nothing further than to refer the subject to the Committee on Jurisprudence with permission to report after the close of the session. When, in due course, the report was made known, bearing the approval of the Grand Master, it was found that the position theretofore taken by Connecticut was affirmed. The Grand Master of New York appeared seriously grieved, and communicated with the Grand Master of Con- necticut, reiterating the principles contended for, informing him that he had recalled the representative, and would not longer recognize the representative of Connecticut ; and, that, until the pleasure of the Grand Lodge was known, all further official intercourse between the* respective Grand Lodges must cease. Grand Master Boome then laid before the Grand Lodge of New York all the collected papers and facts in the case, concluding with three fundamental proposi- tions, to wit : "First. That membership in a New York Lodge can neither be created nor destroyed save by the operation of New York law. Second. That membership in a New York Lodge is not affected by the residence of the member. A member of "Webotuck Lodge residing in Connecticut owes precisely the same duties and allegiance to the Lodge as a member resid- ing in New York. Third. That the laws of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut have no extra-territorial force, and cannot create, destroy, or in any wise affect membership in a Lodge beyond that State." A special committee, consisting of Brothers John "W. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 257 Simons, "William T. "Woodruff, Frank K. Lawrence, and Edmund L. Judson, reported succinctly upon the whole sub- ject, which met the approval of the Grand Lodge, declaring that the Grand Lodge of New York insists that its jurisdic- tion over the affairs of Ancient Craft Masonry within the limits of said State is absolute and exclusive, therefore : 1. That no other Masonic power can interfere with such jurisdiction. 2. That no person can become a member of a Lodge under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of New York, except in compliance with the laws by it in such cases made and provided. 3. That when membership has been acquired in one of the said Lodges, in the manner and form prescribed, then such membership can only be lawfully terminated in accord- ance with the New York regulations made for that special purpose, notwithstanding the members may or may not reside within the territorial jurisdiction of New York. 4. That the act of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut in declaring at an end the membership of certain persons in "Webotuck Lodge, without any notice to or consent of said "Webotuck Lodge, or of the Grand Lodge of New York, is a direct and palpable violation of the sovereignty of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, and that inter- national comity which should exist among the Grand Lodges of the American system. Resolved, That the right of the Grand Lodge of New York to regulate the affairs of Ancient Craft Masonry within the limits of its territory is absolute and indefeasible, and hence membership lawfully acquired in a New York Lodge cannot be terminated except by the operation of New York laws. Resolved, That the act of our Grand Master in suspend- ing official intercourse with the Grand Lodge of Connecticut is hereby approved. Resolved, That the honor and dignity of the Grand Lodge requires that all intercourse between the Masons of Con- necticut and New York should be interdicted and forbidden ; VOL. IV. — 17 258 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY and, therefore, this Grand Lodge does hereby interdict and forbid all intercourse between the Masons of New York and all Masons hailing under the Grand Lodge of Connecticut. Resolved, That this Grand Lodge will entertain any proposition which may be submitted to it by the Grand Lodge of Connecticut, looking to the submission of the mat- ter in dispute to a tribunal composed of the peers of the respective Grand Lodges in the United States ; and, that, should such proposition be made during the recess of this Grand Lodge, the Grand Master may take such action as may seem to him to be proper, and may in his discretion remove the edict of non-intercourse enacted by this Grand Lodge. Brother Jesse B. Anthony, in June, 1880, was elected Grand Master. THE EDICT OF NON-INTEBCOUBSE. 'Office of the Grand Master of Masons, in the State of New York. f To the Masters, Wardens, and Brethren of the Lodges of Free and Accepted Masons in the State of New ITork : Bbethben : Tour attention is called to the fact, that the action of the Most Worshipful Charles Roome, Past Grand Master of this Grand Lodge, in suspending official inter- course with the Grand Lodge of Connecticut, was approved by the Grand Lodge at its last Annual Communication, and the following resolutions adopted in relation thereto : Resolved, That the act of our Grand Master in suspend- ing official communication with the Grand Lodge of Con- necticut is hereby approved. Resolved, That the honor and dignity of this Grand Lodge requires that all intercourse between the Masons of Connecticut and New York should be interdicted and for- bidden. And, therefore, this Grand Lodge does hereby interdict and forbid all intercourse between the Masons of New York and all Masons hailing under the Grand Lodge of Connecticut. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 259 Now, therefore, in accordance with the above action, you are hereby notified and directed to conform in all respects to this Edict! and allow no brethren hailing from the Grand Lodge of Connecticut to visit the Lodges in this jurisdiction ; and the brethren of this jurisdiction are forbid all Masonic inter- course with the brethren of Connecticut. Given under my hand and seal this tenth day of June, a.d. 1880, a.l. 5880, at Troy, New York. Jesse B. Anthony, Grand Master. Attest : James M. Austin, Grand Secretary." Pending the interdict, the Grand Lodge of Connecticut would not consider the subject of arbitration. It was held by some, that it was exercising an executive act and then appealing to a judicial examination ; or, that it would be a trial, after a judgment and execution. The Grand Lodge of New York, in order to grant' every facility for an adjust- ment of the unmasonic condition of affairs, on the 7th of June, 1881, adopted a resolution, " directing the Grand Master to terminate the edict of non-intercourse with the Masons of Connecticut, and to solicit the Grand Lodge of Connecticut to consent to a submission of the whole matter in dispute between the two Grand Lodges to a Commission of their peers for arbitration." Grand Master Horace S. Taylor, on 6th of July, 1881, issued a circular letter to all the Lodges in the State, em- bodying the above action taken by the Grand Lodge and terminating the edict of non-intercourse ; a copy was also forwarded to Grand Master James McCormick of Connecti- cut on the 15th of July ; and in the reply, on the 25th of the same month, gratification was expressed, and a " statement of facts and complaints " requested, preparatory to arbitra- tion. A full statement of the preceding facts was made out and forwarded, its receipt acknowledged in October, 260 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY and a letter returned on the 25th of November following, desiring " that the matters of difference between our Grand Lodges may be again laid before the Grand Lodge of Con- necticut in the hope that such action may be taken as will relieve us from the necessity of arbitrating the matter." At the session of the Grand Lodge five resolutions were adopted : the first expressed gratification at the withdrawal of the edict ; the second disclaimed any intent to subvert the operation of the laws of the Grand Lodge of New York ; the third, fourth, and fifth were as follows : " Resolved, That this Grand Lodge, in assuming that the granting of a Charter to Hamilton Lodge, No. 54, severed the membership with Webotuck Lodge of such of the peti- tioners as were members of said Lodge, acted under a mis- construction of the laws of the Grand Lodge of New York, and does hereby withdraw such assumption, and concedes that it was without force or effect to disturb the relations of such members of Webotuck Lodge. " Resolved, That this Grand Lodge approves and indorses the claim of the Grand Lodge of New York, that member- . ship in any Lodge can only be acquired or terminated by the operation of the law of the Grand Lodge in whose juris- diction such Lodge is situated, except in case of discipline for Masonic offenses. " Resolved, That this Grand Lodge hereby expresses its earnest hope that the Grand Lodge of New York will ac- cept this action of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut as a full and final settlement of the vexed question which has so long disturbed the peace of the brethren of neighboring jurisdictions, and that fraternal relations may be fully restored between them." These resolutions were accepted by the Grand Master and the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, and thus ended the " Webotuck " incident. The words "Worshipful" and "Most Worshipful" as applied to a Lodge and the Grand Lodge were directed to be omitted. IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 261 An award of five hundred dollars per annum was voted to the Grand Treasurer as compensation for his services. 1876. THE CENTENNIAL OF THE NATION. The year 1876 will remain memorable among a number of the Grand Lodges of the United States. It was the Nationls Centennial, and preceded but a few years the cen- tennial anniversary of many Grand. Lodges. It gave an incentive of thought to those coming events. Massachusetts, Virginia, New York, and other States were aroused to medi- tate on how best to observe the quickly following events of a hundred years of organized life. Massachusetts, on the 8th of March, 1877 ; Virginia, on the 13th of October, 1878 ; New York, on the 19th of September, 1881 ; Maryland, on the 31st of July, 1883 ; Pennsylvania, on the 25th of Sep- tember, 1886 ; Georgia, on the 16th of December, 1886 ; and others quickly following. The Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, at its Annual Com- munication, at Boston, on the 8th of December, 1875, took special pride in noting the establishment of Freemasonry within that Commonwealth one hundred and forty-two years anterior thereto. The Grand Master, Percival L. Everett, said of Masons and Masonry in connection with our Nation's birth, " I am convinced that the more carefully we study the history and biography of that period, the more we shall be inclined to the opinion that the Masonic tie was a strong bond of union between the heroes of the Kevolu- tion, the source of increased confidence in each other, that the form and mode of government of our Fraternity were to some extent, at least, copied in the plan they framed, and that the teachings of the Institution were conscientiously practiced by the best and most influential of their number. It is true that no leading historian has thus far given us any credit in this respect, or, indeed, made more than a passing allusion to the Masonic connection of the leading men of 262 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY that time. Such historians have rarely, if ever, been of our Craft, and could not be expected to know much of the power of our secret ties and mysteries. The attention of the Fraternity has, however, now been strongly drawn to this subject, and I am satisfied that the more it is studied the more general and the stronger will be the opinion that to the influence of Masonry are we largely indebted for the liberty regulated by law which we now enjoy." In speaking of liberty of action and thought, the Grand Master of Virginia, William B. Taliaferro, on the 13th of December, 1875, addressed the Grand Lodge, saying : " "We represent the Craft in Virginia — a land the most ancient in the civilization of this continent, the first [one of the first — Ed.~\ to receive the rays of Masonic light from the Eastern sun, and to radiate and diffuse them westward with the star of Empire. ¥e are the constituents of a grand assembly now verging upon its centennial period, which is hallowed by the purest and proudest recollections and associations of the past history of our Institution in America ; of a Grand Body over which George Washington, the pater patriae, was called to preside, and over which the gavel of authority was held by the hand of that pure and illustrious -patriot and jurist, the great Chief Justice John Marshall. Freemasonry is the representative of the truest and most catholic conservatism the world has ever seen, knowing no nationality ; free from all political affinity ; the evangelist of religion, but untrammeled by the bonds of sect or schism ; through the long ages of its peaceful course, its mission has been to harmonize and humanize mankind. Kecogniz- ing the distinctions of rank and social standing, yielding unquestioned obedience to the civil laws, always respecting place and power, and ever rendering homage to greatness and to worth, our Institution has embraced and brought together men of every rank and class and clime and country and religion, and so mingled and united them, from sovereign down to subject, upon the broad level of the tesselated IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 263 pavements of her temples, that the rough corners of pre- judice and intolerance have been broken off and rounded, and the rough ashlars made perfect ashlars of toleration, forbearance, and brotherly love." At the opening of the ninety-fifth Annual Communica- tion of the Grand Lodge of Masons of New York, June 6, 1876, Grand Master Ell wood E. Thome, addressing the Grand Lodge, said, among many things: "The memories of this year of National Jubilee remind us how soon we shall be called to celebrate the hundredth year of our own existence as an independent Grand Lodge, and call upon us to reflect how marked has been the superintending care of the Father of all mercies through all the varying seasons that have passed away forever. At the meeting of January 23, 1781, five Lodges were represented by twenty-nine Masters and Past Masters. At this meeting over seven hundred Lodges are represented by the goodly array of brethren here present, with a constitu- ency much more numerous than any Grand Lodge on this Continent. I cannot now detain you with the history of all these long years, but in them you will find the proof of the fact that our Institution was not born to die ; for though at one time its forward movement was suddenly arrested, and its good name tarnished by such slanders as the world has rarely known, yet out of the impending danger the Great Architect plucked for us the flower of safety, and to-day we meet as the representatives of over ninety thousand Crafts- men, spread abroad throughout the Empire State, willing and eager to uphold the banner of Masonry, and to vie with each other in the prosecution of the task committed to the 'Sons of Light,' while our enemies appeal in vain to an enlightened public opinion which approves our acts and cheers us in our labors. "We are reminded, too, that in the earlier struggles of our infant Eepublic, those who bore the heat and burden of the day, who were foremost and wisest in council, and most valiant and earnest in the field ; who pledged their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honors, 264 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY and placed themselves in fore-front of battle, that our country and its free government might be established, that we and our descendants forever might enjoy the priceless blessings of liberty, "were members and exemplars of our Fraternity." Eight Worshipful Brother James "W. Iiusted presented the following Memorial received from the Grand Orient of Egypt : *' Vallb del Nilo, Oe, A' Alessandria, li 13th May, 1876, E. V. Right Worshipful W. T. Anderson, Grand /Secretary Grand. Lodge of State of Nevi York. Dear Sir and Brother :— M. 111. and P. Brother S. A. Zola, Grand Master of Grand Orient of Egypt, proposed, and the following resolution was enthusiastically adopted to be sent to all American Grand Lodges : Grand Orient of Egypt and all Lodges hailing therefrom avail themselves of the happy event of the Centennial Anni- versary of American Independence to greet their American brethren thereupon, as the best part of one of the greatest nations in the world, and to request them to accept in so glorious a day the hearty salutations and fraternal wishes from this regenerated Egyptian Craft Masonry, which is working to strengthen more and more the sacred ties bind- ing and uniting all Free and Accepted Masons who are spread throughout the world for the glory of the G. G. O. T. U. This you will be pleased to convey to your Most "Worship- ful Lodge in due and full form, and believe me truly and fraternally yours, F. F. Oddi, Grand Secretary." The Grand Lodge of New York accepted an invitation to assist at the municipal public Centennial celebration on the evening of July 3, 1876. RICHMOND COUNTY CREATED THE TWENTY-SEVENTH DISTRICT. Deputy John C. Boak of the fourth district, in his report to the Grand Master in 1876, stated that of his district IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 265 " six of the Lodges are located in Richmond County, accessi- ble only by boat or rail, or both, and some of them so situ- ated as to require a considerable loss of time in visiting them. Prior to the present arrangement, Staten Island constituted a distinct district. Its annexation to the fourth district has never given satisfaction ; and while I think the brethren there will not claim want of attention on my part — twenty visits having been distributed among six Lodges in the last two years — I still believe the best interests of the Craft would be promoted by a return to the old plan. I therefore recommend that Eichmond County be constituted into a distinct Masonic district." This met the approbation of the Grand Master, and the subject went to the Committee on Constitution and By- Laws, James Gibson, Chairman, who reported that, inasmuch as section 33 of the Constitution provides that : "Masonic districts shall remain as organized, subject to alterations by the Grand Lodge at any Annual Communica- tion," therefore there could be no increase of the number of Masonic districts, only alterations of those existing. The Committee continued its argument, and further stated : " The consequences flowing directly from increasing the number, are to enlarge the membership of the Grand Lodge without any increase of representation, as the District Deputies do not represent any constituency, but are rather the agents in executive action of the Grand Master. These are the subjects of his power, as they are appointed by, and may at any time be removed by, him. There are sixteen other members of this Grand Body appointed by the Grand Master, which, with the -twenty-eight District Deputies, makes forty-four of the members the appointees of the pre- siding officer. Wise forecast will not enlarge this number ; for though there is no danger now with this limited number, there might be with any considerable increase. It is one of the elementary rules in the science of government, that ' power is always stealing from the many to the few.' It should be the unswerving policy of this Grand Body, that under no contingencies will they suffer themselves to be 266 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY flooded, either slowly or rapidly, by a membership in this body, who owe their right to sit and speak and vote solely to the^a^ of any one man. Your Committee, therefore, hold that there can be no increase in the number of Masonic districts, and that no change in the Constitution ought to be made to allow of an increase." The Grand Lodge disagreed with the committee, author- ized the creation of a new district, to be numbered twenty- seven, and Brother "Willett N. Hawkins of New Brighton was made the Deputy. DEDICATIONS. On the 20th of January, 1876, the new Masonic Hall, at Lockport, Niagara County, was dedicated, under the auspices of Lockport Lodge, No. 73, Niagara Lodge, No. 375, and Ked Jacket Lodge, No. 646. The ceremonies were con- ducted by Brother Christopher G. Fox. An able oration was delivered on the occasion by Rev. Mr. Fletcher. On the 22d of February the new Hall of James M. Austin Lodge, No. 557, was publicly dedicated at Greenville, Greenville County, by Jesse B. Anthony, Senior Grand Warden. 24th of June, 1877. At Buffalo a new and beautiful Masonic Hall was dedicated, the services being participated in by many of the Grand and Past Grand Officers and of the Masonic Fraternity of Erie and the adjoining counties. The ceremonies were of a very brilliant and imposing character. 12th of July! A new Hall was dedicated at Mohawk for the use of Mohawk Valley Lodge, No. 276. 16th of October. The Hall of South Side Lodge, No. 493, at Patchogue, was dedicated by Brother Joseph J. Couch, Deputy Grand Master. 14th of November. The Hall of Clinton Lodge, No. 140, was dedicated at Waterford, by Brother Jesse B. Anthony, Senior Grand Warden. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 267 5th of December. The Hall of Yan Kensselaer Lodge, No. 400, was dedicated by Brother Jesse B. Anthony. 27th of December. The Hall of Eescue Lodge, No. 772, was dedicated by Brother "William F. Gookin. CORNER-STONES LAID WITH MASONIC CEREMONY. 28th of September. The corner-stone of the Christian Church of the Evangel was laid in due Masonic form by Brother Charles "W. Hubbell, District Deputy Grand Master, at the request of Rev. Brother Martin Summerbell. 28th of October. The corner-stone of the Battle Monu- ment at "White Plains was laid in due Masonic form. Nearly all the elective Grand Officers were present. 10th of November. The corner-stone of Hahnemann Hospital was laid and consecrated by Past Grand Master Ellwood E. Thorne. GRAND LODGE OF MANITOBA. It was in this year, 1876, the Grand Lodge of Manitoba received recognition among the family of Grand Lodges, and was welcomed by interchange of representatives. The first Annual Communication was held at "Winnipeg, 14th of June, 1876, "William N. Kennedy acting as Grand Master, in place of Grand Master Clarke; John H. Bell, Grand Secretary. Three Lodges were represented. Two new "Warrants were granted. Brother John Kennedy was received as the repre- sentative of New York. A published and bound volume of the Proceedings of the Gramd Lodge of New York, from 1781 to 1815, was pre- sented to the Grand Lodge by Brother John "W. Simons. Numerous appropriations had been recommended by the Committee on Finance, as had been usual, from the funds in the treasury, to the several Masonic Boards of Relief ; but, by resolution, the Grand Lodge determined that such appropria- tions were inexpedient. It donated, however, $695 to indi- gent individuals. 268 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY To save time and facilitate business, the Chief Commis- sioner of Appeals was authorized to call the Commission at such time and place previous to the Annual Communication as he should determine. THE CONSTITUTION WAS AMENDED to read as follows : Sec. 6. Grand Officers, and past, elected, and installed Grand Officers, enumerated in section 5 of the Constitution, who do not receive salaries as such, or pay as representa- tives of Lodges and Commissioners of Appeals, shall be entitled to the like compensation from the funds of the Grand Lodge. The Grand Master having received a Communication from Most Worshipful J. P. C. Cottrill, Grand Master of Wiscon : sin, in reference to the ERECTING A SUITABLE MAUSOLEUM TO GEORGE WASHINGTON in the grounds of Mount Yernon, laid the document before the Grand Lodge, which decided, through a committee, that while they favored the project therein referred to, and would be pleased to contribute a large sum of money for so noble and patriotic a purpose, they were admonished of their utter inability to contribute any respectable sum, because of their own financial embarrassment. By the warranting two Lodges that had been under Dispensation, to wit, Von Mensch and Solon, the Lodges working in the German tongue in the cities of New York and Brooklyn numbered twenty-seven, with a constituency of 3,107 Master Masons. The Lodges working in the French, Italian, and Spanish tongues numbered six, with a constituency of 396. SUFFOLK LODGE (no. 60) NO. 401. Suffolk Lodge, No. 401, was originally warranted in 1797, and stood No. 60 on the Grand Lodge Register. The Lodge IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 269 ceased to exist about the year 1824, and was revived in 1856. Several of the members of the Lodge at its revival were among the members who belonged to it under the original Warrant, and one of them, in 1876, was living and a member of the Lodge. The Lodge was in possession of the old jewels and properties of the original body. The jewels had engraved on them the number 60, the old papers all bear that number, and the Lodge was, to all intents and purposes, the same Lodge that was warranted in 1797. Its original number 60 was still vacant. The Lodge therefore petitioned at the Communication of the Grand Lodge in 1876 for the restoration to it of its old number. This was granted. Twelve Warrants were authorized to be issued to organi- zations that had been working under dispensation pending the past year. It having been understood that there would be a public unveiling of the statue and monument of General Marquis de Lafayette, at Union Square, New York, by the city authorities, and an invitation to participate in the services having been extended to the Grand Lodge, the same was accepted. (See p. 6, vol. iii.) which was executed in Home, Italy, by order of Brother Levi H. Willard, Past Junior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of New York, was unveiled at noon of May 15, 1876, in the presence of a number of the Grand Officers of the Grand Lodge and members of the Craft, and formally pre- sented by the donor to the Board of Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund. It was placed in the niche at the head of the grand stairway of the Hall as a monument to the fidelity and liberality of the distinguished donor, and as a constant reminder of one of the great Masonic virtues. 270 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY HALL AND ASYLUM FUND. The disbursements to May 1, 1876, amounted to $1,590,- 262.96 with a treasury balance of $6,439.37. This large sum had taken so firm a hold upon the minds of those who were weak in the belief that the indebtedness on that date, which was $794,015, could never be raised and cancelled, that the cry was raised of incompetency and mismanage- ment, if not collusion resulting in corruption, among the Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund — brethren of the highest standing in the community for integrity, and who had been unanimously selected for trustees. These brethren, subjected to scandalous abuse, were happily relieved of all reflection against their honesty of purpose and acts by a full and complete account made out by an experienced accountant, and revised and audited by a committee con- sisting of Brothers Eobert H. Thomas and E. M. L. Ehlers, whose names for faithfulness and ability were not to be questioned. The submission of their report, in extenso, covering the former report of 1872, which gave in detail all items of receipts and expenditures from 1843 to June, 1872, and now continued to May 1, 1876, allayed to a very general extent all apprehension of wrong-doing. The items of each year appearing by themselves, and a general recapitulation cov- ering some thirty pages, were made open to all men, and published in the Proceedings of 1876. The condensed statement of total receipts from 1844 to May 1, 1876, showed Sundry small items $303 14 Old permanent fund 11,769 75 Gain on sale of old property 43,996 38 Dividends on bank stock 11,039 68 Gain on sale of bank stock, and U. S. bonds 10,791 34 Rent of old buildings 16,800 04 Sale of old buildings 4,800 00 Lumber sold 15 00 From Hancock Lodge 100 00 Amount carried forward $99,615.23 IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 271 Amount brought forward $99,615.23 For chandelier 180 00 Rent of Lodge rooms and stores 67,197 60 From Grand Lodge for initiations and donations 307,353 64 balls, fairs, picnics, concerts, entertainments, and do- nations ." 294,024 60 " Grand Lodge Transactions sold 763 00 ■ " accrued interest on deposits, bonds, notes, and mort- gages 69,823 16 " 20 years' bonds ($400,000) 377,778 83 " 2 years' notes ($30,895) 30,894 45 " 5 years' notes (26,720) 26,720 00 " 10 years' bonds ($203,950) 192,35182 " bond and mortgage ($100,000) 100,000 00 " loan from National Trust Company 30,000 00 Total receipts to May 1, 1876 $1,596,602 33 CONDENSED STATEMENT OF COST OP PROPERTY TO MAT 1, 1876. Cost of land $340,000 00 Excavating 13,516 29 Cost of granite, and laying same 254,901 75 Mason work and materials 214,696 87 Iron work 168,410 59 Carpenters' work 81,812 05 Timber and lumber 20,674 42 Plumbing 23,305 46 Heating 44,351 68 Marble work 10,173 52 Roofing, painting, elevator, expenses, etc 323,961 81 Total cost of ground and building $1,495,804 44 Total cost of furniture 94,458 52 Total disbursements to May 1, 1876 $1,590,262 96 The fund was indebted as follows : To holders of 20 years' bonds $400,000 00 10 " 206,400 00 5 " 26,770 00 2 " 30,845 00 To loan on bond and mortgage 100,000 00 '* from National Trust Company 30,000 00 Total debt $794,015 00 The income from the Hall, per annum, was : From 95 Masonic Bodies $34,700 00 " Grand Lodge rooms, stores, etc 17,069 00 Total $51,769 00 272 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY An order was adopted that malt or spirituous liquors should not be sold in any part of the Masonic Hall. THE ELECTION OF 1876 resulted in a change of many of the officers : Hon. James W. Husted of Peekskill was elected Grand Master, and Joseph J. Couch of Brooklyn, Deputy Grand Master. Jesse B. Anthony was continued as Senior Grand War- den, and John D. Williams was made the Junior Grand Warden. John W. Simons, as Grand Treasurer, gave place to Gregory Satterlee. The Grand Secretary was continued, and, in place of the Reverends R. L. Schoonmaker and George H. Hepworth, the Reverends Stephen H. Tyng, Jr., and Charles H. Hall were elected Chaplains. James E. Morrison became the Grand Marshal ; John C. Boak, Grand Sword Bearer. For Grand Stewards, A. F. B. Chace, William V. King, William H. Davis, and J. Leavitt Lambert were appointed ; John W. Yrooman of Herkimer, Senior Grand Deacon ; George W. Schoonmaker, Junior Grand Deacon. The Grand Librarian changed from Brother J. B. Conover to Robert H. Thomas. The other officers were continued. JAMES W. HUSTED, GRAND MASTER. "An upright man and a Mason is our ideal of a true brother." Brother Husted was born in Bedford, Westchester County, New York, October 31, 1833. His life was one of untiring activity. His was truly a life of deeds. He gradu- ated from Yale College in 1854, then studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1857. Politics is a profession essential to the welfare of the people of a free government, and in its truest sense, and for the good of the State, Brother Husted was a marked legis- lator for the well-being of the people, or they would not GRAND MASTER, 1876. IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 273 have returned him as a law-maker for twenty-two years, the longest period in which any man had served in the history of New York State. Six times he was placed in the Speaker's chair, an honor given to no one other. He was Commis- sioner of Emigration in 1870. Brother Husted was much interested in the National .Guard of the State, and, prior to 1873, was Judge Advocate of the Seventh Division, with the rank of Major. When Governor John A. Dix, in the above-mentioned year, sent for him and asked him his military position and rank, and was duly answered, the Governor then said, " To your rank as Major, I add General," and handed the Major his commission accordingly. When in June, 1892, the announcement was made in Grand Lodge of Brother Husted's reported death at Min- neapolis, the Grand Lodge suspended labor until it was ascertained that the report was premature. Brother Husted was Harbor Master of the Port of New York from 1862 to 1870. He was justly titled the " Great Parliamentarian," for his experience was varied, his tact was remarkable, his quickness of perception was unequalled. For thirty-six years he was in the public service. The Committee on Deceased Brethren, in the Grand Lodge, William J. Chalmers, Chairman, in 1893, thus spoke of him : "Brother Husted was made a Mason in Pacific Lodge, No. 233, in the city of New York, in 1856. He afterward removed to Cortlandt Lodge, No. 34, in Peekskill, and be- came its Master. In 1867 he was chosen District Deputy Grand Master of the then sixth district, embracing the Lodges in Westchester, Putnam, and Dutchess Counties. This office he held till 1870, when he was elected Junior Grand Warden, holding the office four years. In 1874 he was elected Deputy Grand Master without passing through the Senior Grand Warden's chair. After serving in this high office for two years, he was chosen in 1876 to the highest office in the gift of the Grand Body. VOL. IV.— 18 274 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY At the time of his installation he stated that he would not accept a second term. For ten years afterward no Grand Master was re- elected. But in 1886 Brother Husted advised the re-election of the Grand Master, realizing that there come times when re-elec- tion is the only way in which brethren can express their, appreciation of marked devotion and special ability, and their desire for the continuance of sacrificing services for the best interests of the Craft. Brother Husted attained distinction in Koyal Arch Masonry, and was invested with the high honors of Masonic Knighthood. In 1870 he was created a Sovereign Grand Inspector Gen- eral of the thirty-third degree, and proclaimed an honorary member of the Supreme Council for the Northern jurisdic- tion of the United States of America. The offices bestowed upon Brother Husted in the State and in Masonry were not the gratification of a spirit of office-holding, but the gifts of others in their desire to profit by the services of his ability and skill, his uprightness of character, and faithful discharge of duty." Brother Husted died September, 25, 1892, at Peekskill. He left a widow ; two sons, Thomas and James W., Jr.; three daughters, Miss Hattie and Miss Helen, and a married daughter, Mrs. J. M. Shedd. TON MENSCH LODGE. On the 11th of November, 1875, a Dispensation had been granted to Francis Miller to be Master, Nicholas Hoffman to be Senior Warden, and Bernhard Braun to be Junior Warden, to establish a Lodge to be known as Yon Mensch, in honor of the representative to the Grand Lodge of Saxony for over twenty-five years, who had been a sturdy defender of the American jurisdictional rights, and who had been raised in Albion Lodge, No. 26, of New York City, over fifty years before. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 275 THE ATLANTIC LODGE ROOMS WERE CLOSED Masonically and formally on the 24th of April, 1876, by the Grand Master, assisted by the Grand Marshal, Charles Roome, the Grand Treasurer and Grand Secretary, and the Brothers James E. Morrison, John C. Boak, and many other brethren. Atlantic Lodge, No. 178, had occupied the rooms since April 29, 1861. MOUNT VERNON LODGE, NO. 3. The Grand Lodge authorized the publication of the fol- lowing item in the early history of Mount Vernon Lodge, No. 3: "March 5, 5806. Union Lodge of the city of Albany having surrendered their Colonial Warrant, and prayed for a new one by the name of Mount Vernon Lodge, of like rank with the old one, which was promised to them by the Most "Worshipful Grand Master and Junior Grand "Warden gratis, it was ordered to issue accordingly." (See Decem- ber 3, 5806.) ["With a memorandum that said item, in the record, has a serpentine line drawn through it.J DUPLICATE WARRANT FOR MT. VERNON LODGE, NO. 3. In the matter of the application of Mt. Yernon Lodge, No. 3, for a certified copy of their "Warrant — which, being very old, they desired to preserve with the archives of the Lodge, which was instituted February 21, a.l. 5765 — the Grand Lodge "Resolved, that a duplicate Warrant, duly certified, be granted to Mt. Yernon Lodge, No. 3, of the city of Albany, without charge, and with the privilege of retaining their original for preservation." THREE TRUSTEES FOR HALL AND ASYLUM FUND. In 1876 it was resolved : 1. That the number of Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund shall consist of three, to be classified in such manner 276 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY that the term of office of one of said trustees shall expire in each year ; the vacancy to he filled hy the Grand Lodge, by election, at each Annual Communication after the first election. 2. That any Master Mason and member of a Subordinate Lodge in this State shall be eligible to the office of trustee ; provided, that no such trustee shall be at the same time an officer of this Grand Lodge. three of Virginia's grand officers dead. A singular incident may be recorded in a few lines, that deserved and received an announcement to the Fraternity of New York and called forth their sympathy. The Grand Lodge of the " Old Dominion," the State of Virginia, lost by death its Grand Treasurer, Thomas w. Dudley; its Grand Lecturer, J. E. Dowell; and its venerable Grand Secretary, John Dove. This last-named brother was far famed for his many admirable qualities, among them his devotion, zeal, and untiring industry in the cause of Masonry. He was born in Richmond, Virginia, in 1792, and commenced his service in the Grand Lodge in 1816, never missing a Communication until Death called him away. He was the author of the Virginia Text Booh as " the embodi- ment of all that could be known or taught in Masonry." He was the living ideal of a Mason, loved and beloved. JOHN C BOAK, GRAND MARSHAL. One of the active, energetic, and tireless brothers of the Masonic Fraternity was John C. Boak, who will be re- membered for his frankness and zealousness in whatever he engaged. He was raised in Tecumseh Lodge, No. 487, February 4, 1861. In 1864 he dimitted and joined Manhat- tan, No. 62, of which body he was an emeritus member at the time of his death. He served as Master of Manhattan Lodge, for several years ; was District Deputy Grand Master of the fourth district; was Grand Sword Bearer under IN THE STATE OF NEW YOKK. . 277 Grand Master James W. Husted in 1876; was appointed Grand Marshal by Grand Master Joseph J. Couch in 1877 ; and in Capitular Masonry was High Priest of Phoenix Chapter, and a member of Palestine Commandery. A peculiar phase of Brother Boak's Masonic history was the fact that while he was a member of Manhattan Lodge in New York City he was also a member and Master of a Lodge in Austin, Texas. Brother Boak died of consumption, with which fell destroyer he had been afflicted for a long time. He left a wife and three daughters, his death having taken place in Austin, Texas, in August, 1893. The number of initiations for the year ending the 1st of May, 1876, was- 5,300. Beturns were made by 682 Lodges, and the total membership was 79,849. 1877. THE NEW TRUSTEES. The unfortunate and unwise excitement that had grown out of the realization of the expenditures and the indebted- ness on the Hall, although fully accounted for in detail, seemed to demand, on the part of some of the brethren, a change from the existing modes of procedure and of the powers that exercised them ; the result of which was the adoption of the resolution, in June, 1876, requesting the Grand Master to obtain from the legislature of the State the passage of an amendment to Chapter 272, Laws of 1864, " Incorporating the Trustees of the Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund, which should terminate the present named Grand Officers as ex officio Trustees, and that a Board of Trustees should be elected annually, or otherwise, by the Grand Lodge." On the 31st of May, 1877, Chapter 350 was accordingly passed in the following words : An Act to amend Chapter two hundred and seventy-two of the Laws of eighteen hundred and sixty-four, entitled 278 . HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY " An act to incorporate the Trustees of the Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund," passed April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and sixty-four. Passed May 31, 1877. The People of the State of Neio York, represented m Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : Section 1. Section two of Chapter two hundred and sev- enty-two of the Laws of eighteen hundred and sixty-four, entitled " An act to incorporate the Trustees of the Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund," passed April twenty-one, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, is hereby amended so as to read as follows : Sec 2. The corporation hereby created shall consist of three persons who shall be members of Lodges under the authority and jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New York, and who shall be residents of this State, to be elected at the first Annual Communication of said Grand Lodge after the passage of this act ; provided, however, that no officer shall be eligible to the office of Trustee, and any Trustee accepting office in the Grand Lodge shall thereby vacate his office as Trustee. At the first Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge after the passage of this act, the three Trustees so elected shall designate by lot, in the presence of the Grand Master, their respective terms of office : to wit, one of said Trustees shall be designated to serve for the period of one year, one to serve for the period of two years, and one to serve for the period of three years ; and annually thereafter, at the Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge, one Trustee shall be elected, whose term of office shall be for the period of three years from the date of his election ; and should a vacancy occur in the office of Trustee, at an Annual Communication of the said Grand Lodge, from any cause other than the expiration of the term of office of said Trustee, said vacancy shall be filled by election for the unexpired term, at said Annual Communication. If any such Trustee shall cease to be a resident of the State of New York, or shall cease to be IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 279 a member of a Lodge under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge as aforesaid, his place as such Trustee shall be declared vacant by the Grand Master. In case any vacancy in the office of Trustee shall occur during the time intervening between the Annual Communications of the Grand Lodge, the Grand Master shall fill such vacancy by appointment of a person qualified as aforesaid, and the person so appointed shall serve as Trustee until the next succeeding Annual Com- munication of the Grand Lodge, where such vacancy shall be filled by election for the unexpired term. The said Board of Trustees shall select' one of its number as presi- dent, one as treasurer, and one as secretary, and shall make a full and detailed report of all its doings at each Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge. Sec. 3. All acts or parts of acts, and all laws of the State of New York inconsistent herewith, are hereby repealed. Sec. 4. This act shall take effect immediately. A special committee of one from each Masonic District was appointed to nominate Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund, and the result was as follows : Brothers Zachariah Dederick of Atlantic Lodge, No. 178, city of New York ; Philo Bemington of Ilion Lodge, No. 591, of Ilion, Herkimer County ; and Harvey Farrington of Altair Lodge, No. 601, of Brooklyn, Kings County. The term of service was decided by lot, and Brother Far- rington drew for three years, Dederick for two, and Bem- ington for one. THE CORNER-STONE WAS LAID of Eockland County Insane Asylum, at Bamapo, by Bight Worshipful George Dickey, on the 31st of May, 1877, with becoming Masonic ceremonies. On the 3d of October, 1877, the corner-stone of the Indus- trial School Building at Brooklyn, E. D., was laid by John M. Beilly, Junior Grand Deacon. On the 13th of October the corner-stone of the new armory for the Seventh Begiment National Guard was laid in ample 280 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY form at New York City. The beautiful silver trowel used upon this occasion was presented by the regiment to this Grand Lodge, and is now in our archives. On the 17th of October was laid the corner-stone of the Saratoga Monument at Schuylerville. This service was performed upon the Centennial Anniversary of Burgoyne's surrender. The gavel used in the ceremony was made of the wood of the famous Charter Oak, and is now the prop- erty of Manhattan Lodge, No. 62. SEVERAL HALLS WEEE DEDICATED. One, on the 12th of April, for Medina Lodge, No. 336, by Past Grand Master Christopher G. Fox, the former Lodge- rooms having burned on the 26th of January ; another, on the 10th of May, for Northern Constellation Lodge, by Past Grand Master Jesse B. Anthony. The same officer on the 2d of May dedicated a new Masonic Hall at Lansingburgh. The new Hall of Coeur de Lion Lodge, No. 571, was dedi- cated by District Deputy William E. Thome of the eleventh district. During the year Grand Master Husted had granted Dis- pensations to establish four Lodges, which were awarded "Warrants by the Grand Lodge. AN ATTEMPTED CONVENTION AT EOCHESTEE. Subdivision 9, Section 40 of Article VII. of the Constitu- tion provided that " Every Lodge shall pay for each of its members annually, for the period of five years, fifty cents, which shall be appropriated to the Hall and Asylum Fund." In June, 1876, by a resolution offered by Brother William Sinclair, it was sought to reduce that rate of taxation. The Committee on Finance, to whom the subject had been referred, reported that the receipts under that tax clause, initiation fees, Warrants, etc., for the year, was $47,396.51. That the receipts from taxation exceeded the expenditures IN THE, STATE OP NEW YOKE. 281 for the support of the Grand Lodge only a little over six thousand dollars, and this surplus would not warrant any reduction in the amount of Grand Lodge dues or per capita tax. That in view of the large debt, nearly $820,000, it would seem that an effort should be made to increase, rather than redwe, the revenue. That with a continuance of the extra per capita tax for a few years longer, with prudent management, and an increase of revenue from rentals, the time is not far hence when a part of the burden now resting upon the Subordinate Lodges can be safely removed. The Grand Lodge so held. On the 10th of March, 1877, a meeting of Past Masters, Masters, and Wardens of the several Masonic Lodges in Eochester was held, at which it was resolved : " That a circular be sent to every Lodge in the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, setting forth the necessity of financial reform, and urging each Lodge to delegate its Master or other representative to attend a con- vention, to be held at Masonic Temple, in Eochester, on the twenty-fifth day of April, 1877, at ten o'clock, a.m., to decide upon some united plan of action touching the contemplated temporal extension of clause 9, of section 40, of Article VII., of the Constitution of the Grand Lodge, commonly known as the fifty-cent clause." A copy of the circular fell into the hands of the Grand Master, James "W. Husted, who, in his annual address, states his views thereon and the action he adopted, thus : " Immediately upon its receipt, I addressed a circular to the Masters, "Wardens, and brethren of the several Lodges in the jurisdiction, wherein, waiving all recognition of this unauthorized, unconstitutional, unmasonic, and irregular movement, I addressed myself to the discussion of the main question, which, by this ill-advised circular, had at an un- warranted time and in an unwarranted manner been made an issue. To the circular issued by me, I received responses of ap- proval from all parts of the jurisdiction. But, to my surprise, notwithstanding the implied warnings that it embodied, I 282 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY . learned that the promoters of this movement were, neverthe- less, persistent and pertinacious. There was but one course left. A proper respect for the dignity of the position which you had accorded me, a due regard to the obligation that I had assumed, a recognition of the solemn and binding force of that obligation, forbade that I, as the conservator of the Constitution, should, under any circumstances, allow its provisions to be disobeyed or disregarded. Empowered and obligated ' to exercise all the executive functions of the Grand Lodge, when not in session,' I neither faltered nor hesitated in the course that I felt and knew it to be my duty to pursue. I ordered Eight Worshipful W. J. La Eue, District Deputy Grand Master of the Masonic district within whose juris- diction the city of Eochester is embraced, to represent me, and to forbid in my name the organization of any Masonic convention. This order was obeyed; but while the letter of the order was heeded, its spirit was evaded. Although the assemblage withdrew from the Hall without organizing as a Masonic convention, they repaired to an adjoining room, and proceeded to organize as a convention of individuals ; whereupon an address was prepared, which has since been printed and sent to all of the Lodges within the jurisdiction. To this address its authors had the wise discretion not to append their names. Its reasonings are sophistical and fallacious. Its allusions to the circular of the Grand Master are couched in language written with evident 'intent to deceive.' No one knew better than the author of the document that the circular of the Grand Master was written for the faithful, not for the violators of the Constitution. Not satisfied with an infrac- tion of the organic law, they have gone still further, and defied the authority of the Grand Lodge itself. Notwith- standing the resolution of the Grand Lodge adopted June 7, 1872, ' that in the judgment of this Most "Worshipful Grand Lodge the custom of demanding an exhibit of the financial condition of Subordinate Lodges .... is inquisitorial and unnecessary,' the authors and promoters of this scheme IN THE STATE OP NEW YOBK. 283 forwarded with their address a printed slip containing a list of questions in direct violation of this expressed resolu- tion. I shall ' nothing extenuate, nor aught set down in malice ; ' but I here solemnly declare that such unwarranted proceed- ings as have characterized this movement from its inception to its close deserve the stern condemnation of the Masonic Fraternity of the State of New York." The Grand Master was much moved at the course that had been adopted, and emphatically expressed himself. THE FIFTY-CENT TAX CONTINUED. As narrated above, the contest became heated and some- what complex ; for while a minority were imbued with the idea that the debt on the Hall would never be paid, and that wrongs had existed in the management, therefore it would be better to immediately repudiate the whole undertaking and let the building pass under the hammer, yet there were others honest in the belief that there should be radical retrenchment by reducing salaries and the pay of represent- atives, strike out relief funds, etc. The majority of the Grand Lodge, however, realized as a truer course the pro- ceeding in a regular manner and in an even tenor, with the solace that the debt would reduce itself annually to the measure of over $40,000, and therefore that within eleven years the debt would remove itself. On the 7th of June, 1877, Past Grand Master Clinton F. Paige moved to strike out the limit of " five years " from the Constitutional provision within which the fifty-cent tax was to be continued from 1873. The resolution went to the Committee on Constitution and Laws, who, in a long argument, reported the resolution back favorably, and after the loss of many amendments it was adopted, so far as might be at one session, by 1,314 votes out of 2,049. This ended the strife until the succeeding session. 284 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY DONATION OF -BUSTS. Two life-sized busts of Past Grand Master John "W. Simons and the retiring Grand Master Ellwood E. Thorne, which received indifferent criticism, were in due order presented to the Grand Lodge, with the request by the donors that they be placed in a conspicuous position in the Masonic Hall. The Grand Lodge in form accepted the gifts. BROTHERS THOMAS E. GARSON AND JEROME BUCK. The noteworthy trials of these two brethren occurred in 1877. The offenses grew out of a singular instance; to wit, the request of the newly elected Master of St. Mcholas Lodge, No. 321, three days after election, that the first above named should retire from his position as the Secretary of the Lodge, to which he had also been only three days elected. To the request one of the most unique, erudite, and remarkable answers was made, dated the 26th of December, 1876, to which the Master took exception, although the request and reply were made outside of their relative offi- cial positions. The charge against Brother Garson was "for insubordination, contumacy, and unmasonic conduct," as embraced in the language of the letter. The brother was found guilty and sentenced to suspension for the balance of the year. An appeal was taken and judgment reversed. The charge against Brother Jerome Buck was for im- moral and unmasonic conduct, which specified that on or about the 26th of December, 1876, he being a member of St. Nicholas Lodge, No. 321, advised and instigated Brother Thomas E. Garson to write and deliver a certain reply letter to a communication from "Worshipful Brother W. E. Connor requesting him to resign his office as Secretary of the Lodge ; that the letter was composed by said Brother Buck ; and that for so writing this singular letter of great literary merit, the Lodge sentenced him to three years' sus- pension. The judgment and sentence was appealed, and IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 285 reversed by the Grand Master the 15th of May, 1877. The Grand Master's decision was appealed from by St. Nicholas Lodge, but the Grand Lodge affirmed his action. The Commissioners of Appeal decided that the letter per se was not an offense, as there was no competent proof that the letter was written by Brother Garson ; nor was. there evidence sufficient to prove that the letter was composed by Brother Buck. THE REPORT OF THE GRAND LIBRARIAN was certainly a very flattering one and of considerable value. Therein Brother Robert H. Thomas states : " I feel confident we now possess a collection of Proceed- ings of Grand Bodies (both originals and in reprints); Masonic magazines, periodicals, monitors, and text-books, histories and addresses, constitutions, works on Masonic law, and miscellaneous Masonic matter, printed in England and in this country, equal at least to that of any Masonic library in the world." There were bound and ready for binding 1,232 volumes, beside 5,106 reports of proceedings of various Masonic Grand Bodies. In the succeeding twelve months the num- ber of bound volumes were 1,500. FRANCE AND INFIDELITY. Intercommunication with France had been interdicted, in consequence of her claiming the right to establish Lodges within the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, but more lately another and stronger reason for non-inter- course was made manifest. It had become non-essential for a candidate for Freemasonry to entertain or declare a belief in the existence of God. As the Grand Master remarked, this is entirely distinct from the proposition to amend the Constitution of the Grand Orient by striking therefrom the' formula recognizing the Deity, and it follows that other nations can under no justifiable pretense continue or renew 286 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY their Masonic relations with those who refuse to recognize as a vital tenet the Fatherhood of God as well as the brotherhood of man. At the session of the Grand Lodge in June, 1878, the following resolution was adopted : " Resolved, That we refuse to recognize as a Free Mason any person initiated, passed, or raised in a Lodge where the existence of a Supreme Being is denied or ignored." THE LODGES OF SWITZERLAND, by sanction of the government of the Supreme Council of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Eite, having its seat at Lausanne, became subordinate to the Grand Lodge Alpina, at Berne, the Supreme Council constituting the Grand Lodge the sole and supreme government for Craft Masonry in that country. The first Masonic Lodge in Switzerland was opened at the city of Geneva, in 1737. A Grand Lodge under the name Alpina was legally constituted at Zurich ; Brother Hollinger was the first installed Grand Master, 1840. GRAND LODGE OF THE ISLAND OF CUBA. On the 1st of August, 1876, the representatives of thirteen regular Lodges held in Havana, Matanzas, and Cardenas, met in convention at Havana, and proceeded to form " the Grand Lodge of the island of Cuba," with power to super- vise and govern the three degrees of Ancient Craft Masonry, including the degree of Past Master, asserting jurisdiction throughout the limits of the island of Cuba. They elected and installed Grand Officers, made arrangements for the subsequent adoption of a Constitution and Regulations, and appointed Worshipful Brother Bamon Bla of La Fraterni- dad Lodge of New York their general representative near all foreign Grand Lodges, to secure recognition and to inter- change representatives. In June, 1877, the Grand Lodge of New York, by resolu- tion, recognized and welcomed the Grand Lodge of the island IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 287 of Cuba as a just and duly constituted Grand Body with full and sovereign rights. The sum of $515 was donated by the Grand Lodge to specific cases of charity, in the form usual by that Grand Body. SIGNING- THE BY-LAWS NOT INDISPENSABLE. On the 8th of June, 1877, the Grand Lodge decided : A member desiring to change his affiliation from one Lodge to another, made application to that effect to Cort- landt Lodge, No. 189, and was duly balloted for and declared elected. A certificate to that effect was furnished to the Lodge of Tf hich the applicant was a member, and in due time a certificate of dimit was received from the Mother Lodge. The member did not, however, sign the by-laws of Cortlandt Lodge until some days afterward — actually the tenth day of May. His name was returned to the Grand Lodge as a member of Cortlandt Lodge on the first day of May. The question propounded is : " Was he a member on that day ? " Held, that the notice contemplated by section 45 of the Statutes was given to the Mother Lodge, and accepted by it, in returning a dimit which consummated the membership. Signing the by-laws, though necessary, is not, and, in the nature of things, cannot be, indispensable. THE OFFICEKS FOE 1877-1878. Brother Joseph J. Couch succeeded to the office of Grand Master, and was assisted by Edmund L. Judson as Deputy. Jesse B. Anthony was continued as Senior. Grand "Warden, and Benjamin Flagler followed John D. "Williams as Junior Grand "Warden. The Treasurer, Secretary, and Chaplains were continued. John C. Boak became the Grand Marshal ; L. Bradford Prince, Grand Standard Bearer ; Edwin Gates, Grand Sword Bearer ; Brothers Albert Parker, "William A. Brodie, "William Scott, and Anthony Teoman, Grand Stew- ards ; John M. Beilly, Junior Grand Deacon ; and the re- maining officers as in 1876. 288 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY JOSEPH J. COUCH, GRAND MASTEE. Of the history of Brother Joseph J. Couch we regret we have not further information than is embodied in this sketch. He was one of the most earnest and devoted Grand Masters that ever ruled over the great jurisdiction of Masons of New York, and his year of service was marked with no inconsid- erable amount of progress. Brother Couch was born at Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1828. He was reared under the watchful care of the Rev. Paul Couch, his father. In course of time he moved to Brooklyn, Long Island, and the son, Joseph J., was pre- sented for Masonic consideration in Joppa Lodge, No. 201. To this Lodge, in which he was entered, passed^ and raised, he still belongs. In due course he essayed the degrees of the Chapter, Council, and Commandery, and we find him in Brooklyn Chapter, Royal Arch Masonry; Brooklyn Council, Royal and Select Masons ; and a member of Clinton Commandery, No. 14, of the same city. Brother Couch is commanding in presence, of serious im- port, and of a phlegmatic temperament. He has held offices of trust under the Government, and is at present Chief Clerk of Customs and Special Deputy Collector. In 1876 Brother Couch was elected Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, under the Grand Mastership of General James ~W. Husted, of whom he became the successor in 1877, and served one year. STATISTICS. Forty-six Grand Lodges in the United States and the Territories in 1877 numbered 9,265 Lodges, with a member- ship of 588,609. The seven Grand Lodges of the British possessions contained 490 Lodges, with a membership of 24,242. NATHANIEL F. WARING, PAST GRAND MASTER. The Grand Lodge had possessed in the person of Brother Nathaniel F. "Waring one of its oldest and brightest mem- GRAND MASTER, 1877. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 289 bers. He was a devoted, consistent, zealous, and faithful friend, a lawyer of eminence, and a gentleman of high social position. He was beloved and respected by a very large circle of friends who appreciated his talents as well as his social qualities. Brother "Waring was one of the most energetic and per- sistent members of the Phillips Grand Lodge from the period of its outbreak in 1849 to its close and union in 1858. He held at different times various offices in that Grand Lodge, commencing with that of Grand Steward in 1849, and became Deputy Grand Master in 1852, serving under Grand Masters Isaac Phillips and Mordecai Myers, and in 185T was installed by the latter as Grand Master. On the 4th of June, 1858, he received thirty-five votes as Grand Master ; James Jenkinson received forty-four, and was con- sequently declared duly elected in place of Brother Waring_ Brother Waring was a thorough supporter of the claims of the Phillips Grand Lodge, frequently making addresses in support of its rights, and conducted the suits at law in which the two Grand Lodges were so deeply interested. On the 5th of June, 1858, just before surrendering the Oriental Chair, he communicated to the Grand Lodge his desire to be released from his responsibilities in the different lawsuits in which the Grand Lodge was interested. He presided at the opening of the Grand Lodge on the last evening of its session. After a long life, on the 11th of May, 1877, he was called to an eternal home. PEOMINBNT DISTBICT DEPUTIES DECEASED. An unusual number of District Deputies were removed from an active sphere in Masonry in 1877 and 1878. These brethren were eminent Masons, well known for their excel- lent and admirable qualities of heart and mind. They were earnest, zealous and honored. Horace F. Curtis had been selected and appointed District Deputy, but his commis- sion reached him only as he had been summoned to the higher tribunal, for he died July, 1877. He was followed VOL. IT. — 19 290 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY by Enoch P. Breed, who died the 9th of October, in Cali- fornia, where he had gone in search of health. He held the office of District Deputy in 1859. Claudius B. Conant was District Deputy in 18T6, under Grand Master James "W. Husted. He was a devotee in Masonry, especially as to its philosophy; he was the possessor of one of the largest Masonic libraries, was widely known, and his loss, on the 7th of November, 1877, was sincerely mourned. A week there- after, the 15th of November, Past District Deputy Koyal G. Millard, once Junior Grand Deacon, died, leaving many to mourn the loss of one of the most noted and genial gentlemen of the day. Early in the following year, the 20th of February, 1878, Ezra S. Barnum, aged 85 years, died at his home in Utica. He had been an active Mason for more than sixty years. His services were long continued and valuable to the great Brotherhood. He was Junior Grand "Warden from 1844 to 1849, and Senior Grand "Warden for 1849-50. He was a life member of the Grand Lodge, possessed of ripe experience and wise counsels. He was beloved and venerated at home and abroad. Brother Barnum was followed the 21st of March, 1878, by District Deputy Orrin "Welch, who died at Syracuse. " He was of honest, manly endeavor, and of an honest, upright course. ... It may be safely said that no man had more friends, and no man fewer enemies. He was of a plain, straightforward, manly nature, just what he seemed to be, without a sham or a pretense." Past Grand Master Clinton F. Paige conducted the solemn Masonic ser- vice at the grave. In the Grand Lodge, Brother "Welch held the office of Grand Marshal from 1863 to 1867, and was District Deputy from 1867 to 1869. 1878. IMPORTANT DECISIONS,. Each administration was evidently making its character- istic impress not only upon the Grand Lodge, but upon the great body of the Fraternity of the State. Among them was IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 291 evinced the thoughtful and logical individuality of Grand Master Joseph J. Couch in 1878. It was apparent, from his address, that he was a leader and not a follower in the paths of his predecessors. He was logical and deductive, and withal independent in thought and action. DUES OF AN UNAFFILIATE. An instance may be observed in the unqualified decision of the Grand Master in taking action against the obtruding question, "Do Lodge dues accrue against a non-affiliate during the period of his unaffiliation? " In 1876 the Grand Master gave an affirmative decision in these words : " His dues continue to accrue against him after such unaffiliation." This decision was maintained by the Grand Lodge. But this even did not settle the matter. The conflict of opinion was wide-spread, and the more forcible question arose: " Do such dues accrue by the simple force of the above decision, regardless of the by-laws of the individual Lodge ? Or is it necessary to engraft upon the by-laws a provision that shall give effect to this ruling ? " Grand Master Couch said : " This decision, if valid, should be found in agreement with the law which it purports to declare. What, then, is the law ? Section 46 of the Statutes declares that ' A Lodge shall have poAver to enact a by-law which shall provide a penalty for the non-payment of dues, which penalty shall be unaffiliation.' That is all : it does not say unaffiliation plus something else, but simply and solely unaffiliation. Under the explicit wording of the Statutes, any additional penalty would be contrary to law. The imposition of Lodge dues during the period of such un- affiliation, either by a by-law of the Lodge, or by a Grand Master's decision, would be 'an additional penalty, unless that condition is common to all unaffiliated Masons. A careful scrutiny of our Constitution and Statutes fails to discover any provision that imposes Lodge dues upon un- affiliated Masons, or that empowers a Lodge to enact a by-law for that purpose." 292 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY. The final clause of section 46 said : " Provided he shall have paid the amount due at the time of such restoration." Grand Master Couch continued by saying, " The fancied am- biguity of this proviso has occasioned the whole difficulty ; but in fact the proviso has nothing whatever to do with the question. It neither fixes the amount due, nor provides the way to fix that amount. It simply provides that whatever amount may be legally due, must be paid before restora- tion. "We conclude, therefore, that so much of the Grand Master's decision as declares that Lodge dues continue to accrue during such non-affiliation is contrary to law, and should be reversed." This position taken by Grand Master Couch went to the Committee on Masonic Jurisprudence, which reported in opposition. The argument of the Committee was very strong but ineffective, and was signed by five Past Grand Masters. They held, " that income, in our domestic house- hold economy, became a question of the deepest vitality. Our income, which regulates our expenditures, is dependent upon the free-will offerings of the brethren, measured and regulated in amount and equality by our wants, and are derived from two sources only : the one, uncertain and irregu- lar, from the sums paid by candidates for the several degrees of the Institution ; and the other, permanent and certain, from the annual contributions fixed by law of the individual mem- ber. The time comes when this income ceases to be paid ; and our law has required, for such neglect or refusal, that the delinquent shall become amenable to the law by becoming unaffiliated. He is still a Mason, entitled to be hailed as such, but a Mason without a home. But do his duties or obli- gations cease because he has voluntarily elected to disregard them? Was the compact such an unsubstantial rope of sand, such a mere delusive moonbeam, that it might be cast aside and disregarded at the mere capricious will of him who has voluntarily assumed its binding force ? If still a Mason, is he not bound by a Mason's sacred duty in all things ? Does the duty cease because he capriciously neglects or refuses its exercise ? Such a consideration of duty in the IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 293 abstract, and duty in its practical exercise, is more than an absurdity ; it is a grievous fault — the fault only of him who incurs the penalty for its neglect. But it may be said that the continuance of this sacred obligation during exclusion from the household circle is an additional penalty to the act of exclusion. Did the act of exclusion make that obligation to cease, or did it in more solemn terms declare that the obligation was perpetual, and hence punished ? If a brother is bound by a duty to-day, and is punished for its violation on the morrow, does that duty become less palpable and less obligatory ? So far the reasoning as it regards the sacred obligation of the spirit of a wholesome law .; does the letter absolve any one from its performance ? At what point of time did the accruing dues cease ? At the time of the act of unaffiliation ? No ; had such been the intention, it would have been easy and perspicuous so to have declared. A period of one, two, three or more years might elapse between unaffiliation and restoration. If, then, the Statute intended only the ' amount due ' when the act of unaffiliation took place, why skip over the intervening space of time, and say, ' at the time of such restoration ' ? Is it not evident that this was the point of time at which the ' amount due ' was to terminate ? And, if so, were they not increasing up to that period, and reaching their true point of duration when the restoration took place ? " The resolution of the committee, to add to and make certain the intent of section 46 of the Statutes, by appending the clause, " which shall include the amount of dues accruing during the interval of unaffiliation," was lost. CONSTITUTIONAL SUPREMACY. The Grand Master, in his address, took wide ground as to Constitutional law, and asserted that " it is important to discriminate between Masonic symbolism and Masonic gov- ernment; between the ideal relations of the Lodge, the Master, and the Grand Master in the one, and their actual relations in the other ; between the Landmarks, legends, and 294 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY traditions that belong to the one, and the Constitution, Statutes, and General Regulations that belong to the other. Make this discrimination clear and distinct. Eliminate from the problem all that pertains to symbolism, and then fix attention exclusively upon the written law." He also declared that the Constitution of this Grand Lodge, adopted June, 1873, was " the paramount law of this jurisdiction," and used the following clear and explicit language : " "We are now prepared intelligently to advise brethren anxious to know the law, that they need not befog their minds with vague and uncertain speculations about Ancient Landmarks, for these belong to another department of Masonic research ; that there is no occasion to search for any law or decision made prior to June, 1873, for all such have been repealed ; that it is useless to petition the Grand Master for Dispensations to set aside the law, unless the law itself gives him the power, for he, too, must obey the law ; that, in point of fact, the entire law of this jurisdiction is comprised in our present Constitution, and such acts of the Grand Lodge as have been passed since its adoption, and in conformity with its provisions." To this the committee also took exceptions, so far as it might intervene the usual importance attached to the usages of Masonry, the Ancient Landmarks and Constitutions, gen- eral or special laws, customs and rules, comprising what is termed the Body of Masonry. But, on motion, the Grand Master was sustained as against the exceptions of the committee. THE FOECE OF DECISIONS BY GRAND MASTERS. The effect of continued amendments to the Constitutions, and consequent decisions of Grand Masters to meet the recurring changes, was thus clearly stated by the Grand Master : " We continue methods which were in use prior to the adoption of the present Constitution. Let us pause and reflect. Observe the working of these separate and distinct methods of law-making, as they run side by side through a m THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 295 series of years. A Constitution is adopted and distributed among our seven hundred Subordinate Lodges. It is poten- tial in all matters of organization, administration, and disci- pline ; questions arise regarding the force and application of its provisions. These questions are decided by the Grand Master, and these decisions, approved by the Grand Lodge, become laws. These laws, once made, are not changed. Meanwhile, changes are made in the Constitution. New provisions are added, and old ones modified or repealed. The original text disappears from the printed copy, and the amended text takes its place. After a time we shall find that decisions made in conformity with the Constitution have ceased to accord with that instrument ; that laws en- acted at different times are irreconcilable with each other ; and thus, by logical steps, we surely approach that confused and uncertain administration of conflicting laws which existed, in fact, prior to the adoption of our present Constitution. The Grand Master is empowered and charged 'to exer- cise all the executive functions of the Grand Lodge, when it is not in session.' He is also clothed with certain judicial functions. But he is nowhere invested with legislative powers ; and in doing such things as are inherent in and per- tain to his office, he is controlled by the proviso, that they ' are not in conflict with this Constitution.' Under the law, then, it follows that the Grand Master's decisions are made in the discharge of executive or judicial duties, and in no way partake of the nature of legislative enactments. They express the force and effect of existing laws applied to specific cases. They are, in essence, authoritative conclu- sions, derived from mixed premises of law and fact, and should find their full justification in the law and facts that called them forth. To separate these conclusions from their premises, and give them the force of General Regulations, certainly tends to confusion. There can hardly be a doubt that our laws will be better defined and more easily under* stood if we discriminate clearly, and always between the several functions of enactment, of administration, and of adjudication. 296 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY The matter of wholly discontinuing the practice of giving decisions the force and character of legislative enactments, and of substituting therefor some simple and purely legisla- tive method, is, therefore, commended." THE FORCE OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. Attention was drawn by Grand Master Couch to the true force and effect to be given to the reports of the Committee on Foreign Correspondence. He held that it was true then- expressed opinions were the reflex of the views entertained by most of the best literary minds of the Grand Lodge, but of no binding force other than when succinctly presenting them at the conclusion of their report, and receiving the sanction by adoption of the Grand Lodge. In foreign coun- tries misapprehension existed as to the force to be given to these reports. The weight that is to be given to these views and opinions of the committee is fairly presented in this statement : " That the reports of the Committee on Foreign Corre- spondence are considered by us as matter of information only; that the brethren who make these reports are dis- tinctly understood to give us, in a condensed form, the opin- ion and acts of Grand Lodges in correspondence with us, and also such individual comments thereon as they may deem wise; that the publication of these reports in our Transactions is solely for the information of the brethren ; that, in merely accepting and publishing these reports, the Grand Lodge does not undertake to pass judgment upon their contents ; that, in fact, these reports cannot have any official or binding character, except when the Grand Lodge shall give such force and effect to the whole, or any portion thereof, by special resolution or other express enactment." NEW YORK AND MICHIGAN. A question of minor moment grew out of an incident of infringement by Tyre Lodge, ~No. 18, of Michigan, upon the personal jurisdiction of Utica Lodge, No. 47, of New York, IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 297 in that the said Tyre Lodge had initiated, passed, and raised one Byron J. Diefendorf, belonging to the jurisdiction of Utica Lodge. The question was dealt with in the most friendly way by both Grand Lodges, and that which might have become an awkward position and condition, ended by a magnanimous treatment of the case on the part of the Grand Lodge of Michigan, which instructed the Grand Master, John W. Finch, to visit Tyre Lodge, administer a reprimand, receive from them the fee for the degree con- ferred, and forward same to the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of New York. Furthermore, that Tyre Lodge should apologize to the Grand Lodge of New York, and cause charges to be preferred against Brother- Diefendorf for will- ful concealment of the fact of his previous applications for initiation into Masonry in Oriental Lodge, No. 224, in 1867 ; in Utica Lodge, No. 47, by consent, in 1868, and a second time in 1871 ; in all of which cases his applications had been rejected. The amende honorable was complete, and the inci- dent passed. SCHEOON LAKE LODGE, NO. 436, AND OLD TI LODGE, NO. 503. With apparent regret the Grand Lodge felt the necessity of gathering in the Warrants, books, papers, and properties of Schroon Lake Lodge, No. 436, on December 26, 1877, in consequence of the paucity of its members and these being widely scattered over a large extent of territory; and of Old Ti Lodge, No. 503, in consequence of its not having paid dues in five years. MISCELLANY. Warrants had been issued, as ordered, to Mount Lebanon, No. 775; Keliance, No. 776; Kestoration, No. 777; and Livonia, No. 778. Dispensations had been granted during the year to estab- lish Clio Lodge at North Parma, Monroe County; Lime- stone Lodge at Limestone, Cattaraugus County, the name of which was changed to Henry Kenner Lodge in 1879 ; and 298 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Canaseraga Lodge at the place of that name in Allegany County. Warrants were authorized to be issued to them. The whole number of Masons registered during the year was 3,667, making a grand total of 81,296. The receipts for the year were S94,538.61, and the Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund reported their receipts to be $117,223.82. The reduction of debt was $30,311.59. Balance of debt, $714,513.09. Brother Richard TJ. Sherman was elected trustee in the place of Philo Remington. The rentals of the Masonic Hall in 1878 amounted to $46,500 ; the expense of maintenance, $15,000. It was in this year that the system of voting by district was abandoned, and a Lodge system adopted, requiring every representative of a Lodge to occupy the seat having his Lodge number in seried order, and to vote only in that seat. An amendment to the Constitution was sought, to create full membership by a Mason in more than one Lodge, but after careful consideration it was laid aside. The of ^considered question of the reduction of the number of representatives in the Grand Lodge, in order to make the body more compact, legislation easier, and to reduce ex- penses, was again presented, and left for further legislation. The boundaries of the third Masonic district were changed by the adoption of the following resolution : '■'■Resolved, That the boundaries of the third Masonic district be, and hereby are, so changed as to include those Lodges located west of the middle of Washington Avenue to DeKalb Avenue ; south of the middle of DeKalb Avenue from Washington Avenue to Nostrand Avenue ; west of the middle of Nostrand Avenue from DeKalb Avenue to the City Line at Flatbush, and to include the towns of Flatbush, Gravesend, and New Utrecht." DEDICATION OF NEW HALLS. On February 6, 1878, the new Masonic Hall, No. 306 Fulton Street, Brooklyn, was dedicated by John C. Boak, under special dispensation. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 299 Other Dispensations were granted as follows : On the ,24th of June, 1878. To Brother Jesse B. Anthony, Senior Grand Warden, to dedicate the new Masonic Hall at Utica. On the 5th of September. To Brother Clinton F. Paige, to lay the corner-stone of the new Masonic Hall at Elmira. September 10th. To Brother C. F. L. -Hohenthal, to consecrate Masonic burial grounds in Lutheran Cemetery, Queens County. October 10th. To Brother Charles Melius, to dedicate the new Hall of Schodack Union Lodge, No. 87, at Scott's Corners, Rensselaer County. October 18th. To Brother John Yandenburg, to dedicate the new Hall of Walworth Lodge, No. 254, at Walworth, Wayne County. December 9th. To Brother Theodore W. Davis, to dedi- cate the new Hall of Monumental Lodge, No. 374, at Mada- lin, Dutchess County. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION FINALLY ADOPTED. Section 4 of Article I. was amended to read : " This Grand Lodge shall be composed of all its Grand Officers, the Past Grand Masters, Past Deputy Grand Mas- ters, Past Grand Wardens, Past Grand Treasurers, Past Grand Secretaries, and one representative from each Lodge, who shall be the Master ; one of the Wardens, in the order of seniority, or a proxy duly appointed by the Lodge ; the members of the Commission of Appeals, according to the rules prescribed by the Constitution of this Grand Lodge ; the Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund; and also all such Past Masters of Lodges under this jurisdiction as were elected and installed and served one year in the chair of Master prior to the thirty-first day of December, 1849. But it may, at its pleasure, and by duly altering its Constitution, enlarge or diminish the numbers and qualification of its members ; provided, no one can be a member of this Grand 300 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Lodge unless he be a member of some Lodge within this jurisdiction." Section 8 of Article I. was amended to read : " The Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund shall be elected at such time in the Annual Communication as the Grand Lodge shall direct, and in the same manner as the elective Grand Officers ; provided, if there is no vacancy to be filled at such Annual Communication, except by expira- tion of the term of a trustee, then only one such trustee shall be elected, and to hold his office for the full term prescribed, and all other vacancies shall be filled for the remainder of the term." Subdivision 9, section 40, of Article VII., was amended to read : " Every Lodge shall pay for each of its members, annu- ally, fifty cents, which shall be appropriated to the Hall and Asylum Fund." Section 63 of Article XV. was amended to read : " The Statutes may be amended at any Annual Communi- cation of the Grand Lodge, by a majority vote ; provided, that notice of such proposed amendment shall have been given, and the amendment proposed, presented in writing at the previous Annual Communication." AMENDMENTS TO STATUTES FINALLY ADOPTED. Section 72, Article XXV., of the Statutes, was amended to read: " Subject to a like right of appeal, to be taken by an aggrieved party, within the time, and proceeded with in the manner prescribed in section 68." Section 46, Article XXIV., of the Statutes, was amended to read : " A Lodge shall have the power to enact a by-law which shall provide a penalty for the non-payment of Lodge dues, which penalty shall be unaffiliation ; but such penalty shall not be inflicted except for the non-payment of at least one year's dues, nor until the brother shall have been duly ^^^ GRAND MASTER, 1878. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 301 summoned thirty days previous, to pay said one year's dues. Any such unaffiliated brother' may be restored to member- ship by a majority vote of the members present and voting at a stated Communication ; provided, he shall have paid the amount due at the time of such restoration." Section 51, Article XXV., of the Statutes, was amended to read : " No Lodge shall initiate any candidate who is a resident of the State of New York, unless he has been such resident for twelve months next preceding the application for such initiation, and for four months in the jurisdiction of the Lodge to which he applies, without the consent of the Lodge within the jurisdiction of which he last previously resided ; and no Lodge shall initiate any candidate who is not a resident of the State of New York, without the con- sent of a warranted Lodge, acting in accordance with the Constitution and laws (by whatever name such laws may be known) of the Grand Lodge under the jurisdiction of which such candidate resides ; provided, however, this sec- tion shall not apply to persons in the United States naval or military service." Section 43, Article XXIL, of the Statutes, was amended to read : " And the Secretary of such new Lodge, if warranted, immediately on its being instituted, will notify all war- ranted Lodges to which any of its members belonged, on joining in the original petition aforesaid, of the granting of such Warrant and the institution of the Lodge thereunder, with the name or names of such original petitioners as con- tinued their membership in such newly instituted Lodge." Subdivision 3, Section 13, Article V., was amended to read : " By election and installation of the holder of such office to fill another office in the Lodge, but this shall not apply to Master or "Warden." THE ELECTION resulted in changing two of the elective Grand Officers : Edmund L. Judson was elected Grand Master, and Charles 302 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Koome, Deputy Grand Master ; the "Wardens and other elect- ive Grand Officers remaining as in the preceding year. The following changes were made in the appointed officers : Brother James Ten Eyck, Grand Marshal ; Brother Joseph I. Stein, Grand Standard Bearer; Brother Cadwalader Evans, Grand Sword Bearer; Brothers Reuben Riley and Charles D. Brown, Grand Stewards; Theodore D. Smith, Jr., Junior Grand Deacon. THE YELLOW FEVER FUND. All classes without distinction felt the impulse of human- ity when the cry came from the Southern States of the Union that there was unusual suffering from the plague of yellow fever, and the want of the necessaries of life. The people of the North generously responded, and among them in their special line came the great Fraternity. The Grand Master of Masons of New York, Edmund L. Judson, made the appeal to the Masters, "Wardens, and brethren of the Lodges on the 28th of August, 1878, "in behalf of those who were stricken by disease — the victims of a plague un- precedented in severity." The Grand Treasurer was made the recipient of all contributions by the brethren as Masons ; and the sum collected shortly amounted to $19,086.65, which was forthwith forwarded to Grand Secretary J. C. Batchelor, for Louisiana and the Children's Home at New Orleans ; to Grand Secretary John Frizzell for Tennessee ; to Grand Secretary J. L. Power for Mississippi; and an odd balance to the Chamber of Commerce for its disposal. 1879. THE DEBT INCUBUS. The economic spirit of the members of the Grand Lodge was beginning to make itself seen and felt ; large sums of money had been received from various sources, yet the amount of the reduction of the debt was not deemed IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 303 correspondingly great. The special committee had reported that the receipts in two years and a month amounted to $260,553.37, and yet the principal of the debt had been reduced only $55,155. The balance had been consumed in paying interest on debt, about $112,000 ; discharging the floating debt, including expenses for furniture, $25,550, and meeting the running expenses of the Hall. In making com- parisons of financial matters during the then last three years, the falling-off of receipts was quite apparent; they had dwindled over $6,500; there was a decrease in the amount of the Grand Lodge and Hall and Asylum dues of nearly $5,500 ; the number of affiliated Master Masons had become reduced by 5,964. To remedy this unsatisfactory showing, a miscellaneous radical reduction of expenses of various natures was recom- mended, which, however, did not meet the approbation of the Grand Lodge. * The Grand Master, Edmund S. Judson, suggested a partial remedy of advancing business and economizing to a small extent, by directing that the most important committees, as, for instance, those on jurisprudence, finance, grievances, Constitution, etc., should be appointed by the incoming Grand Master at the close of the session, instead of at the begin- ning ; that they should meet one or two days in advance of the session, in the city of New York, deliberate on the propo- sitions before them, and be prepared to report on the first day of the annual session, or as soon thereafter as they could be heard, and thus the Grand Lodge would open with all its business prepared for immediate consideration and action. To give proper effect to such a regulation, a further rule would seem to be necessary to the effect that all propo- sitions which, in the present order of things, would go to the respective committees named, should be required to be handed or sent to the Grand Secretary at least ten days in advance of the Annual Communication, and that no such matter, not thus in hand, should receive attention at the annual meeting. The result would probably be that the time of the Annual Communication could be reduced 304 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY certainly one, and very likely two days, at a saving of about $4,000 a day. The rules to effect this were reported for amendment, and as altered were adopted. Many other changes were made in the rules to facilitate business, and also to meet the com- fort of the representatives. The Grand Lodge, however, rejected a proposition for biennial sessions, and the sugges- tion to reduce the membership of the Grand Lodge in order to economize. The Grand Secretary reported the receipts at $91,105.75. That "Warrants had been issued to three Lodges as directed in 1878, and that but one Dispensation had been granted by the Grand Master during the year ; viz., to Triune Lodge, located at Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County. To this Lodge a "Warrant was subsequently authorized. Seven hundred and nine Lodges had made their returns, and the number of Masons registered for the year was 3,721, or a total State membership of 78,050. The reduction of the debt had amounted to $38,070.32. The usual appropriations for the support and sustenance of the Grand Lodge, the pay- ment of the usual salaries, etc., for 1879, were authorized and directed. The total indebtedness was $705,088.74. The Grand Treasurer, Gregory Satterlee, had served the Grand Lodge for three years with the utmost fidelity and zeal ; for his unselfish devotion to its interests, and for the faithful discharge of the duties of the office, the Grand Lodge extended its thanks. The original petition to the Grand Lodge, drawn in 1842, with the names of subscribers to build a Masonic Hall, was presented to the Grand Lodge by Brother Frederick W. Herring, and accepted in behalf of the Grand Lodge by Right "Worshipful Brother Frank R. Lawrence. QUEBEC AND SCOTLAND. Grand Master Edmund L. Judson stated so clearly in his address before the Grand Lodge the whole point at issue between the Grand Lodges of Quebec and Scotland, and in so brief a space, that it is but sufficient to quote from it and IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 305 note his conclusion to judge of the action of the Grand Lodge of New York in connection with the matter of inter- ference as to the right of jurisdiction : " It seems that when the Grand Lodge of Quebec was formed, there was in existence in the territory it now occu- pies a Lodge holding under the Grand Lodge of Scotland, which Lodge antedates the Grand Lodge of Canada, which formerly held jurisdiction over the same territory. This Lodge has steadily insisted upon its allegiance to the Grand Lodge of Scotland and so continues. The Grand Lodge of Scotland, had, however, recognized- the Grand Lodge of Quebec as an Independent Grand Lodge, but claims that such recognition was subject to its immemorial policy of never giving up a Subordinate desirous of remaining under its rule. Quebec, on the other hand, claims that its recog- nition as a just and regular Grand Lodge gave it full and absolute jurisdiction over the territory in which it is located, and demanded that the Subordinate in question acknowledge its authority. Thereupon the Grand Lodge of Scotland withdrew its recognition, declared Quebec vacant territory, established two new Lodges, and subsequently a Provincial Grand Lodge and a Provincial Grand Master. Not to occupy your time with a lengthy argument, you will find the question turns upon the right of a newly formed Grand Lodge to demand allegiance from a Subordinate that had occupied the territory previous to such formation. The weight of opinion seems to be, that allegiance in such cases cannot be demanded, but must be voluntary. As to the establishment of Lodges by foreign authority after the formation of a regular Grand Lodge, we at least can have but one opinion, and on this question we must sympathize with Quebec." MEMORABLE CEREMONIES. Westchester Lodge, No. 180, by permission, participated in the very interesting ceremonies attending the unveiling and dedication of the Soldiers' Monument at Sing Sing, on May 30, 1879. VOL. IT. — 20 306 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY The seventh day of May was made memorable in the his- tory of the year, by the observance of the peculiar rites and ceremonies in laying the corner-stone of a building which the National authorities had resolved to erect at Albany for a custom-house, court-house, and post-office. The ceremonies were conducted, in response to a very cor- dial invitation from the authorities, by the Grand Master, assisted by twenty-five Grand Officers and Past Grand Offi- cers, together with the membership of all the local organi- zations. Previous to the ceremonies an imposing demon- stration was made by a procession composed of about one thousand members of Lodges located in Albany and vicinity, under the direction of Brother John S. Dickerman as Grand Marshal, and escorted by Townsend Fondey, Past Grand Commander ; Charles H. Holden, Grand Commander, and suite ; Temple Commandery, No. 2, of Albany ; Apollo, No. 15, of Troy ; and St. George's, No. 37, of Schenectady. THE ELECTION AND APPOINTMENTS FOE 1879 resulted as follows: Charles Roome, Grand Master; Jesse B. Anthony, Deputy Grand Master ; Benjamin Flagler, Senior Grand Warden ; William A. Brodie, Junior Grand Warden ; Charles S. Arthur, Grand Treasurer ; James M. Austin, Grand Secretary ; Keverends John G. Webster, Charles H. Hall, and Charles W. Camp, Grand Chaplains ; J. Edward Simmons, Grand Marshal ; Edward H. Kent, Grand Standard Bearer ; William H. White, Grand Sword Bearer ; Albert Becker, Jr., James Ten Eyck, Thomas Pat- terson, and Thomas R. Le Count, Grand Stewards ; John W. Yrooman, Senior Grand Deacon ; William H. Corsa, Junior Grand Deacon ; George H. Raymond, Grand Lect- urer; Robert H. Thomas, Grand Librarian; Johnston Fountain, Grand Pursuivant ; John Hoole, Grand Tiler. CHARLES EOOME, GKAND MASTEE. This distinguished citizen and well-known Mason was born in the city of New York in 1812. He was the eldest GRAND MASTER, 1879. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 307 son of Brother Nicholas Eoome, one of the merchant princes of the good old honest days. The father was Master of Independent Koyal Arch Lodge, No. 2, of this city, in 1809, 1810, and 1811 ; at one time he was High Priest of Ancient Chapter, No. 1, Koyal Arch Masonry, and a Sir Knight of Columbian Commandery, No. 1, Knights Templars, of New York City. Charles Eoome received the best common-school educa- tion that was then attainable, and evinced much aptitude and industry; thus foreshadowing in the earnest, zealous boy the elements of the coming man. A merchant's clerk- ship subsequently invited " The unequal battle of life," and he was not indisposed to improve the opportune advan- tage. Soon after maturity he essayed mercantile business on his own account, continuing successfully until 1837, at which time he entered the service of the Manhattan Gas- light Company of New York in the position of assistant engineer, and in 1842 was promoted to the high trust of engineer in chief. In this position his untiring assiduity and the thorough acquaintance with the business in all its branches, mastered by severe and industrious application, so commended him to the respect and consideration of the company, that, in 1855, he was chosen President, to which position for many years he was re-elected. During the Civil "War, Brother Eoome raised, equipped, and commanded the Thirty-seventh Eegiment, National Guard, and his gallantry was acknowledged and rewarded by a commission as Brevet Brigadier-General. He also served as captain in the Seventh Eegiment, National Guard, and was one of the most active promoters of its Yeteran Association. He was raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason in Kane Lodge, No. 454, in January, 1866 ; and in 1867 he was chosen Master, and continued in that responsible position for three consecutive terms. Upon retirement from office 308 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY he was complimented with costly and magnificent testi- monials and resolutions. After several years' retirement he was again called to the East, and served one year. In 1869 he was appointed Deputy of the twenty-fifth district, and the following year was appointed Grand Marshal, which office he held under three consecutive Grand Masters. He was the representa- tive of the Grand Lodge of California, near the Grand East of New York; Grand Bepresentatiye of the Grand Com- mandery of Yermont, near the Grand Commandery of this State ; honorary member of Independent Eoyal Arch, No. 2, and Hudson Biver Lodge at Newburg. Our brother was life member of Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, in which he was arched in the fall of 1866, and was subsequently knighted in Coeur de Lion Commandery, No. 23, of Knights Tem- plars. In April, 1867, he was elected Commander of this chivalric body, and held the office for three consecutive terms, retiring from its East in April, 1872, on which occa- sion he was honored by an appreciative series of resolutions. In the year 1866 Brother Eoome received the grades of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Eite. In September, 1872, the Supreme Council created him an honorary member of that body. In 1875, after several years' service in various stations in the Grand Commandery of this State, he was unanimously elected Grand Commander. He was honored by Grand Master Yincent C. Hurlbut of the Grand Encampment of the United States as his representative to supervise the affairs of the Order in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. In 1886 he was elected Grand Master of the Order of the Temple in the United States, and served until September, 1889. As a member of the Building Committee of the Masonic Hall in New York City, he did much to insure its com- pletion. Brother Eoome was Deputy Grand Master in 1878, under Brother Edmund L. Judson, and was elected Grand Master in 1879. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 309 After long lingering in the valley of the shadow of death, he died on the 28th of June, 1890 ; and his body, accom- panied by a large concourse of loving friends and brethren, was buried at Greenwood Cemetery, Long Island. In person Brother Eoome was of commanding presence, large of stature, erect, but of gentle manner. He died, leaving a widow and two sons. The Grand Lodge by vote fraternally hailed and fully recognized the right of the GRAND LODGES OF NEW MEXICO AND OP THE INDIAN TEEEITOEY to be admitted into the circle of the Grand Lodges of the world as sovereign and independent Grand Lodges. The following declarations were made by the Grand Lodge: POWERS OF MASTER, RITUAL, FEES, ETC. " Resolved, That the Master of a Lodge, after assembling the Craft, may authorize any qualified brother to open his Lodge in his presence, under the same restrictions and regu- lations as he might permit the performance of any other , portion of the Lodge work by such brother. Resolved, That this Grand Lodge not only does not recog- nize, but forbids the use of any written or printed ritual of work and lectures, under such Masonic penalty as may be inflicted for the violation of an obligation. Resolved, That the fees paid by a candidate at initiation, are paid for being ' made a Mason,' there being no pecuni- ary fee or reward given for conferring the second and third degrees, which are conferred as honorariums. Resolved, That the Grand Lecturer be, and he is hereby, relieved of the duty heretofore imposed, of exemplifying the three degrees of Masonry, in each Masonic district of the State, once in each Masonic year." 310 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY DEMISE OF PAST DISTRICT DEPUTIES WILLIAM GURNET, PRANK M. HOPKINS, AND OTHERS. The former was one of the most earnest and zealous Craftsmen known in the quarries of Masonry. His energy and untiring labor in the cause of the great Brotherhood was acknowledged by thousands of affectionate friends who were ever glad to greet him. He died February 2, 1879, in the fifty-seventh year of his age. His obsequies were held in Masonic Hall, and the effective services were conducted by Right "Worshipful Brother Charles Roome. District Deputy Frank M. Hopkins, M.D., who served in 1859 and 1860, and was Grand Steward from 1872 to 1874, died November 16, 1879. On the 24th of October, 1879, Brother John T. Conover passed beyond the vale of this mortal and transitory life. He was on the Building Committee of the Hall, and under his watchful care the magnificent temple rose from foun- dation to cope-stone, a lasting monument to his skill and devotion. Leon Hyneman, the well-known Masonic author and editor, died in the early days of the year 1879, in New York City. He was, at the time of his death, over seventy years of age. Brother Hyneman was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. He was the author of the Origin of Freema- sonry, Freemasonry hi England, Fundamental Principles of Science, etc. For many years he was the editor of the Masonic Mirror and Keystone. He also edited TJie World's Masonic Register, The Masonic Zibrary, The Mason's Home Book. He was active in Masonry for over fifty years. He was a member of the Masonic Veteran Society of New York. THE CONSTITUTION WAS AMENDED by striking out the word " restoration" in section 46, and inserting in lieu thereof the word " unaffiliation," thus end- ing all controversy as to amount payable by an affiliate when restored ; to wit, the amount due at the date of being unaffiliated. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 3H THE FIRST CATALOGUE OF THE LIBRARY was presented in 1879, by Eobert H. Thomas, Grand Libra- rian, and printed in the Proceedings of that year ; it made an admirable showing, and properly was deemed valuable as a catalogue of the largest public Masonic Library in North America. PERU LODGE, NO. 281, SAYLES LODGE, NO. 623, AND CHARLOTTE RIVER LODGE, NO. 593, were required to surrender their Charters and properties, as the first had dwindled in membership to five, the second had made no returns in three years, and the third had held no Communication in a year and was hopelessly in debt. CEREMONIAL DISPENSATIONS were granted for the purposes of dedication as follows : 7th of June, 1879. To Brother John H. Bagley, to dedi- cate the new Hall of Catskill Lodge, No. 468. 20th of August, 1879. To Brother Chauncey N. Shipman, District Deputy Grand Master, to dedicate the monument in commemoration of General Sullivan's victory, Elmira. 23d of December, 1879. To Brother Asa S. Couch (Fre- donia), to dedicate the new Hall of Peacock Lodge, No. 696. For the purpose of laying corner-stones, as follows : To Brother Daniel Chapman, to lay the corner-stone of the Methodist Church at Franklinville, Cattaraugus County. 27th of June, 1879. To Brother C. F. L. Hohenthal, District Deputy Grand Master, to lay the corner-stone of the German Masonic Temple in New York City. 4th of July, 1879. To Brother Alonzo Brymer, District Deputy Grand Master, to lay the corner-stone of Brunswick Eeformed Church. 312 HISTORY OF FREEMASOXRY THE GRAND MASTER OF CONNECTICUT, ISRAEL M. BULLOCK, died in office, October 21, 1879, which at the time appeared like an unfortunate incident, so far as the difficulty existing between that' jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of New York was concerned, for a favorable decision in the "Webotuck Lodge controversy was anticipated, prior to his death, through his instrumentality. THE GERMAN MASONIC TEMPLE. This noble structure, the birth of German thought, and innate feeling for home and fatherland, was commenced by the laying of the corner-stone on the 2d of July, 1878, and was continuously pursued to a finish, so that in 1879 it was thrown open for inspection, when it was visited and exam- ined by the Grand Master, General Charles Eoome, Past Grand Master John W. Simons, Grand Marshal J. Edward Simmons, Past Master Francis de Malignon, and many other prominent Masons. Addresses of welcome and congratula- tion naturally followed, at a banquet served in the dining- hall. The building is located at No. 220 East Fifteenth Street, New York City, and cost $60,000, the greater part of which was subscribed by the German Masons of that city. The German Temple, as it was named, is four stories high, thirty feet wide, and ninety feet deep. It contains three large Lodge-rooms, a lecture-room, and a restaurant in the base- ment. The Lodge-rooms, as you ascend, are respectively the Corinthian, the Ionic, and the Doric, constructed and orna- mented in corresponding architecture. The lecture-room, on the first floor, is spacious and attractive. The Temple was dedicated March 15, 1879, in the pres- ence of a vast assembly composed of brethren prominent in all the branches of Masonry, among whom were Worshipful Brother F. de Malignon, President of the Temple Associa- tion; Brothers Albert Janicke, Secretary; Charles Bose, Treasurer ; A. ~W. Thorn, Architect. Among the prominent IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 313 guests were Brothers John "W. Simons, James E. Morrison, and Henry C. Banks. Brother C. F. L. Hoenthal as Grand Master, Peter Schneider as Deputy, F. Broemer as Senior Grand Warden, George Meier as Junior Grand "Warden, F. Faber as Grand Secretary, J. Eidt as Grand Treasurer, and A. Lasker as Grand Marshal, proceeded with the dedicatory ceremonies, which were consummated in an impressive man- ner, and which reflected credit on all concerned. Addresses were made by Brothers Albert Janicke and Charles Bauer of the New York Bundes-Presse, and Brother James E. Morrison, who, among other things, said : " It is with a feeling of serious hesitation that one who is not native to your language and habits of thought approaches the theme which fills your hearts to-night. If I know any- thing of the German character, its genius starts with tena- cious grasping of all that was noble in the traditions of the tribes whom Hermann gloriously led to the destruction of the legions of Varus on the banks of the Rhine. I refer to the love of home as the place where the family hearthstone joined father and mother and child in sweet, accord — home, too, in the broader sense, which you call ' fatherland.' It is the same principle which has united the German-speaking people under one grand Empire. But with this devotion to country has been borne down along the centuries the strong yearning to make the country free. Step by step, keeping time with the emergence from the cloister and from the chain of science and religious thought, has this grand idea advanced. The nation is to-day free from foreign trammels, and still goes on in advance ; and it will go on until, from the chilly waters of the Zuyder Zee to the banks of the blue Danube, and from depressed Scythia to the Alsatian looms and vineyards, there shall rise the glad acclaim of a people not only united, but grandly free — free not only from foreign con- querors, but free also in domestic affairs and from internal force. Thus, then, we have the love of home and home's traditions as a principle, by devotion to which, first, national liberty has been wrought out, and from which individual freedom will ultimately secure its fruition. These are the 314, HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY germs of German character ; how naturally from these spring the sentiments of fraternity ! Gathered in this strong and enduring edifice, let us hope that, in this cosmopolitan city, though you turn with nearest love to the Craft of your own home and lineage, the time may never come when any apple of discord shall be thrown into our midst to rend asunder the bonds which unite the German Masons to their brethren from every nation and clime, who, in this free and freedom- loving Commonwealth, pay the loyal homage of free hearts to the Grand Lodge of the State of New York." AN INCIDENT, NEW TOEK CITY. In April, 1879, a well-dressed man, who it was ascertained resided in Fordham, near New York City, and apparently suffering from consumption, roused multitudes of people by parading the streets of the city with a " banner of strange device," on which was inscribed, " Free Masons are Every- where ! In and out of Holy Orders ! ' All are "Working ! ' Cautiously guard your Children everywhere ! " Finally having collected several thousands of people in front of St. Stephen's Roman Catholic Church on Sunday, he was ar- rested and taken before a police court, where, upon exam- ination, he stated he had circumstantial evidence to show that Free Masons had commenced to initiate women and children into their society, and when once entered their whereabouts became unknown ; that, as a good Catholic, he deemed it his duty to give warning of the fact. He was committed for examination. THE DISPOSITION OF THE APEON. Much discussion was aroused in 1879 as to the propriety of depositing the apron in the grave of a deceased brother. Some brethren assumed that the Ritualist Preston was a just authority, and that he directed that: "The body is entombed, the acacia dropped, and each brother near deposits a shovelful of earth on the coffin, if permitted. . . . IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 315 The brethren having arrived at the Lodge [on the return] the regalia of the deceased is returned to the Master in due form." Query : In the Blue Lodge should the apron be given to the family as a sacred memorial ? Nothing, how- ever, resulted from the discussion. THE SEVENTH REGIMENT NATIONAL GUARD FAIR. A day having been set apart as Free Masons' Day, on the occasion of the great fair held at the Seventh Eegiment Armory, Grand Master Charles Roome, who was formerly connected with that regiment, accompanied by many of his officers of the staff, and escorted by a large number of Knights Templars, preceded by a band of music, made their way to the Armory on the 28th of November, 1879, and, haying been duly welcomed by the Commandant of the regiment, Colonel Emmons Clark, left a substantial evidence of their visit. 1880. THE MASONIC BOARD OF RELIEF. The Masonic Board of Eelief, realizing that its gradual loss of activity was liable to lead to its disbandment, and it being apparent that it would be forced to relinquish its field of labor and usefulness under its existing management, made a new effort to arouse interest among the Brotherhood, and to obtain co-operation of many of the city Lodges. It therefore determined to go before, the Grand Lodge and lay its feeble cry for help there. As the Board, in the course of its existence, had accumu- lated much valuable information relating to the applications for charity, and inasmuch as it had become possessed of a large burial plot in Cypress Hills Cemetery, and a monu- ment surmounting the same ; and in order that the worthy might be relieved, and for other proper reasons, it desired the Grand Lodge to request the Grand Master to call a convention of Masters of New York City Lodges for the 316 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY purpose of considering the expediency of continuing or reor- ganizing the present Board of Belief, or of arranging some other method of dispensing in a practical manner the neces- sary charities of the Fraternity. The Grand Lodge assented, and so requested the Grand Master. Grand Master Boome, ever ready to aid in works of charity, consulted with his officers and the members of the Board of Belief. In due course the Convention of Masters of New York City Lodges was held in the Tuscan Boom of Masonic Hall, November 8, 1879, and a second Convention on January 24, 1880. A circular to the Lodges having been agreed upon and issued, a list of favorably responsive Lodges was read, and it was determined to organize a new Board of Belief ; this was done, and at a subsequent meeting by-laws Avere adopted, and the machinery of dispensing physical charity was commenced. Forty-one Lodges, by May 29, 1880, bound themselves to be contributing members. It was not antici- pated that the Grand Lodge would furnish financial aid ; its moral support was hoped for and obtained. The per capita tax for the support of this laudable undertaking was to be but twenty-five cents per annum. The duties of the Committee on Charity were performed faithfully and well. In making a proper discrimination be- tween those who had decided claims upon the funds of the Board, and those who had no shadow of right to make a demand, the Committee had been careful, discreet, and just. Impostors, or those believed to be fraudulent applicants, were at times discovered. Nothing was left undone on the part of those charged with special cases, to make thorough and impartial investigation and report. Passion or prejudice had not entered as a factor in the consideration or disposi- tion of any case brought before the Committee. It was a source of gratification to the Board to be able to report that very few applicants had been refused material aid. "Where refusal was made, it was in cases where a proper claim could not be established, or the by-laws forbade a compliance. And thus the great work of charity was exhibited, IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 317 clothed with new white wings, ready to discharge works of mercy. The first report was made in 1881, on which date this subject will be found continued. At the invitation of the Board of Supervisors of Otsego County, the corner-stone of the new court-house at Coop- erstown was laid June 15, 1880. And on June 24th, fol- lowing, the corner-stone of the Powers Library Association Building, Moravia, New York, was laid by Fred B. Heald, Deputy of the nineteenth Masonic district. August 11, 1880, was made somewhat memorable in Syra- cuse, by the laying the corner-stone of the new County Clerk's building. The great interest of the Craft was involved, by reason of a certain spirit of animosity which had been exhibited toward the Masonic Fraternity, in order to prevent their taking part in the ceremonies of the day. On October 21st, at Buffalo, the corner-stone of the Soldiers' Monument, subsequently erected in Forest Lawn Cemetery, was laid under the auspices of the several posts of the Grand Army of the Republic. The Masonic services were all that could be desired, Christopher G. Fox, Past Grand Master, acting Grand Marshal. Augustine T. Smythe, Grand Master of South Carolina, on the 20th of September invited the Grand Master of New York to attend the ceremony of laying the corner-stone of a monument in commemoration of the victory of Cowpens, in the town of Spartansburg, on the 7th of October. Wil- liam K. Blake, Past Grand Master of Columbia, S. C, was deputed to represent New York, and much commendation was awarded him for the admirable manner in which he discharged that duty. Dispensations had been granted for the establishment of two new Lodges — Fortuna Lodge, to be located in Brook- lyn, Kings County ; and King Hiram Lodge, to be located in Newfield, Tompkins County. 318 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Deputy Grand Master Jesse B. Anthony dedicated the new Hall of Eoman Lodge, No. 223, on February 18, 1880 ; and District Deputy C. F. L. Hohenthal dedicated the new German Masonic Temple on March 9, 1880. The Deputy Grand Master, Horace S. Taylor, on June 17, 1880, dedicated the Lodge-room of Stony Point Lodge, No. 313, at Haverstraw. DEATH OF BROTHERS GREGORY SATTERLEE AND C D. EVANS. Brother Satterlee had been Grand Treasurer of the Grand Lodge during the years 1876, 1877, and 1878, serving with- out compensation ; he died suddenly March 12, 1880. He was an earnest, indefatigable officer, and received the com- mendations of the Grand Body for his services. Brother Cadwallader D. Evans was a Philadelphia]], born in that city in January, 1847 ; but as a Mason was raised in Holland Lodge, No. 8, of New York, in 1871. His energy, zeal, and studiousness in Masonry gained for him great approbation, and at an early date he became the Master. In 1877 he was appointed by Robert Clark, Grand Master of Pennsylvania, to represent his native State, near the Grand Lodge of New York ; and Most Worshipful Brother Judson on his elevation to the Grand East selected Brother Evans as his Grand Sword Bearer. He died January 20, 1880, not a great while after the death of the loved old veteran of Holland Lodge, Edward BiU. BROTHER JOSEPH I. STEIN, DISTRICT DEPUTY. Brother Joseph I. Stein, Past District Deputy Grand Master of the fifth Masonic district, under an appoint- ment made by Grand Master Charles Eoome, was one of the victims of that terrible disaster, the burning of the steamer " Seawanhaka," in Long Island Sound, a mile or two above Hell Gate, in July, 1880. His young life was bright with promise, and his death came with peculiar sad- ness to a large circle of loving friends. He was respected IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 319 for his integrity and zeal in everything that pertained to the advancement and glory of the great Brotherhoods. *' The memory of his virtues yet Lingers like twilight hues, when the bright sun has set." Brother Stein was buried with Masonic honors, the ritual being rendered by Past Grand Master Charles Poome. BKOTHER ISAAC H. BROWN was an officer of the Grand Lodge that well merits a place in history ; a memory of whom will exist as long as the last friend who knew him lives. In social life he was well known, and as the sexton of Grace Church, at the head of Broadway proper, New York City, he came in contact with the leading families of the metropolitan city, by whom he was highly respected. Physically Brother Brown was a man of large proportions, weighing over three hundred and fifty pounds. He was kindly of heart, energetic of spirit, and able as a ritualist ; he was almost a fanatic in anything he undertook; devoted to the principles of Masonry, and ardently interested in the construction of Masonic Hall and the payment of the debt thus incurred. Brother Isaac H. Brown was a Past Master of Puritan Lodge, No. 339, a Past Grand Steward and Past Grand Standard Bearer of the Grand Lodge of New York. For the advancement of everything which would help the cause of Masonry, he was ever found in the front rank, and aside from the great benefit derived from the enthu- siasm with which he surrounded himself, his efforts proved of material help at a time when the Craft needed the devo- tion of just such men as Isaac H. Brown. He died the 21st of August, 1880, and was borne to his last resting place by the loving hands of his brethren. The Grand Master well added these lines : " His epitaph, a Mason true and good, Sincere in friendship, ready in relief, Discreet in trusts, faithful in brotherhood, Tender in sympathy, and kind in grief." 320 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY MISCELLANY. The receipts by the Grand Secretary, the number of initiates, and the membership of the Grand Lodge con- tinued gradually to decrease; nevertheless the debt was reduced by $36,468.48, being on the 1st of June, 1880, $668,520.26. An amendment was adopted to section 6, of Article II., of the Statutes, striking out the words ; " and Past, elected, and installed Grand Officers." These words had been adopted, amending the Constitution in 1876, which granted mileage and per diem to those officers. But the allowance was to be granted for the session of 1880. In 1881 the amend- ment was readopted. As in two anteceding instances, Olive Branch Lodge, No. 39, of Le Boy, New York, on petition, was granted a dupli- cate Charter ; the original, signed by De Witt Clinton as Grand Master, being much worn by time and use, to be closely guarded. The Grand Lodge refused to revive the "Warrant of St. Andrew's Lodge, No. 7, which had been surrendered in 1835, under circumstances which were peculiar (see page 8, vol. iii.). It was also ascertained that but one of the nine brethren signing the petition was an original member of the Lodge. And, furthermore, the Grand Lodge did not desire to disturb the arrangement of renumbering Lodges adopted in 1839, whereby No. 7 had fallen to the lot of Hudson Lodge at Hudson. The Grand Lodge of 1880 took a different view from that of 1879 as to the importance of the duties and services of the Grand Lecturer, George H. Baymond, and restored him to all his functions, and fixed his compensation at $1,000, and $400 for traveling expenses. To facilitate business in the sessions of the Grand Lodge, the Grand Master was requested to procure a "reading clerk " to assist by reading such documents as may be given to him for that purpose. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 321 CATARACT LODGE, NO. 295, INCIDENT. Thoughtlessness or willful intent had caused the violation of section 20, Article IX., of the Statutes, on too many occa- sions. The provisions of this section set forth that when it is deemed desirable to change the place of meeting to another room in the same town or village, a vote must be taken, and a favorable ballot obtained of two-thirds of the members present and voting at a stated Communication, called by a summons served at least ten days previously, stating the subject to be acted upon at such Communication. No part of this plainly written and widely circulated requirement was complied with by the Master, Edward L. Downey, of Cataract Lodge, No. 285, of Middleport, New York. It appears that, in October, notice by postal card called a spe- cial meeting to decide upon the removal of the Lodge to another building than that wherein they had usually met. The proposition at the meeting failed. On a three days' notice the Lodge was again called on November 4th, and the resolution to make the change was carried. The Lodge moved, and at the new rooms transacted business, etc. The differences between a majority and minority of the Lodge over the change of rooms, coming to the knowledge of Grand Master Koome, he ordered the District Deputy, Charles N. Palmer, to cause a meeting to be held in the original meeting room, after a ten days' notice, and that the members of the Lodge be then given an opportunity to decide upon the question of removal. The Master of the Lodge refused obedience to the order, nor would he surrender the warrant. The Grand Master then exercised powers under subdivi- sion 2, section 24, Article IV. Charges were preferred for contumacy, and Brother Edward L. Downey was expelled. The Lodge was then directed to be placed in charge of the Senior Warden, but he declined to accept the responsibility, Brother Downey, the Master, having appealed to the Grand Lodge. The Grand Lodge sustained the action of the Grand Master and dismissed the appeal, but in so doing reduced the amount of costs and expenses of the trial charged the appel- VOL. IV. — 21 322 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY lant. It was also declared that the endeavor to change the place of meeting had no legal effect. The Grand Body, in 1880, " distinctly, unequivocally, and solemnly reaffirmed its position theretofore taken on the subject of territorial jurisdiction," and authorized the Grand Master to appoint a committee of five brethren to act as an advisory and conference committee on the part of the Grand Lodge. D. B. BEtTEN, GEAND MASTEB, NEW JEESET, DECEASED. Past Grand Master Daniel B. Bruen of ~New Jersey having died since the Grand Communication of 1879, due announcement was made of the same, and the fraternal sym- pathy and condolence of the Grand Lodge extended to those more nearly affected by the loss. Past Grand Master Bruen figured unintentionally but conspicuously at the time of the organization of the Phillips Grand Lodge. (See page 288, vol. iii.) JURISDICTION OVEE CANDIDATES. It was declared by resolution as follows : " ResoVued, That the jurisdiction over candidates of a Sub- ordinate Lodge situated outside of the boundaries of the cities of New York and of Brooklyn extends over all persons resid- ing nearer to it than to any other Lodge within such cities, and that a candidate in any other city may apply to the nearest Lodge ; and that to determine which is the nearest Lodge in either case, the measurement of distance be deter- mined by place of the building where such Lodge meets." So advantageous had appeared the amendment to the Eules of Order pertaining to committee meetings and trans- acting business prior to the General Session of the Grand Lodge, that the Grand Lodge directed the chairman and members of such committees to be paid at the same rate as representatives during sessions. GRAND MASTER IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 323 SIX PEE CENTUM BONDS. It was determined by the Grand Lodge to seek the aid of the legislature by the passage of an "Act to enable the Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund to issue its bonds to the amount of $400,000, having ten years to run, and bear- ing interest at six per cent., to be only used to redeem or ex- change the first mortgage bonds now bearing seven per cent, interest." THE OFFICERS OF THE GBAND LODGE elected, appointed, and installed in 1880, were as follows : Jesse B. Anthony, Grand Master ; Horace S. Taylor, Deputy Grand Master; Benjamin Flagler, Senior Grand Warden; "William A. Brodie, Junior Grand Warden; John Boyd, Grand Treasurer; James M. Austin, Grand Secretary; Revs. John G. Webster, Charles H. Hall, and J. Bradford Cleaver, Grand Chaplains ; Edward L. Gaul, Grand Marshal ; George W. Wyckoff, Grand Standard Bearer; Albert G. Goodall, Grand Sword Bearer ; Richard D. Alliger, Augus- tus A. Brush, William A. Mclntyre, Thomas Bell, Grand Stewards ; John W. Yrooman, Senior Grand Deacon ; W. Lincoln Sage, Junior Grand Deacon ; George H. Raymond, Grand Lecturer; Robert H. Thomas, Grand Librarian; Johnston Fountain, Grand Pursuivant ; John Hoole, Grand Tiler. JESSE B. ANTHONY, GEAND MASTEE. With one or two exceptions, Brother Jesse B. Anthony, was the youngest Grand Master ever elected to preside over the Grand Lodge of the State of New York. He was born in the city of Troy in 1836, and his business connections for the most of his life centered in that city. At one time he was the head of the firm of Jesse B. Anthony & Co., and was the President of the Troy Steam Heating Company, and one of the Directors of the Union National Bank. In later years he was connected with the Mutual Reserve Life Insur- ance Company of New York City. 324 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Brother Anthony's Masonic life has been well rounded; he was raised in King Solomon's Primitive Lodge, No. 91 in Troy, February 23, 1860 ; and, after filling all the junior offices, was elected Master in 1867, which position he held for four years. In 1873 he was appointed Deputy of the twelfth Masonic district. In June, 1874, he was elected Senior Grand "Warden of the Grand Lodge, and was annu- ally re-elected until 1879, when he was elected Deputy Grand Master, and in the following year Grand Master, as above noted. In Capitular Masonry he received the degrees in Apollo Chapter, No. 48, in 1860, and after serving as Captain of the Host for one term, and as Principal Sojourner for two terms, was elected High Priest in 1872, and filled that office for five consecutive years ; he then became the Grand Lecturer in the Grand Chapter of the State. Brother Anthony received the order of the Temple, Knights Templars, in Apollo Commandery, No. 15, in 1863, and served as Com- mander during 1875-76. In the Cryptic Kite he was received in Blossom Council, No. 14, March 15, 1861, and finally filled the highest office in the Council. In the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite he received his degrees in 1862, and held at times the most prominent offices in the Subordinate Bodies, and was crowned an Inspector General in Boston, August 18, 1874, by the Supreme Council of the Northern jurisdiction. Brother Anthony is a member of the Provin- cial Grand Lodge of the Royal Order of Scotland in the United States, and in 1893 was placed in the position of Superintendent of the Masonic Home and School at Utica. UNITED GKAND LODGE OF FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS OF COLON AND THE ISLAND OF CUBA. Great satisfaction was felt and expressed at the news received from the island of Cuba, incident to the union of the hitherto Grand Lodges of Colon and island of Cuba. This was consummated January 25, 1880. The final election was ordered for the 28th of March, Brother A. Govin to GRAND TREASURER, i88o-i836. m THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 325 remain Grand Master until that date. The united jurisdic- tion then contained sixty-five constituted Lodges, two under Dispensation, and a total membership of more than five thousand. There still remained upon the island, however, the Grand Lodge of Santiago de Cuba. LAYING THE COENEE-STONE OF THE EGYPTIAN OBELISK. There had been brought from Egypt to the city of New York, by Lieutenant Henry H. Gorringe of the United States Navy, a member of Anglo-Saxon Lodge, No. 137, of Brooklyn, New York, a memorable stone, together with the pieces composing its foundation. This stone, weighing forty- three tons, was one of two known as Cleopatra's Needles, which was to adorn the City of New York by being placed in Central Park ; the other adds beauty and renown to the city of London, England. Egypt abounds in obelisks or monoliths erected to commemorate some particular event, perpetuate the reputation, or hand down to posterity the glory of some great monarch. The one transferred to New York was one of two originally located at Heliopolis some 3,400 years ago, and afterwards, 23 b.c, removed to Alexandria. The admirable account of the ceremony and doings of the day on which the corner-stone was laid by the Grand Lodge of Masons of New York, furnished for record by the capable and successful Marshal of the Day, Edward M. L. Ehlers, serves as the base for the following record : On the eighth day of September, invitations were sent by Lieutenant-Commander Henry H. Gorringe, on his own be- half ; by Brother William Sherer, on behalf of Anglo-Saxon Lodge, No. 137, Free and Accepted Masons; and by Mr. William Henry Hurlbert, on behalf of the public-spirited gentleman who had enabled the city to become possessed of so valuable an ornament, to Jesse B. Anthony, Grand Master of Masons in the State of New York, inviting him to lay the corner-stone with appropriate Masonic ceremonies. Two days afterward the Grand Master, then at his home in Troy, responded, accepting the offer, stating he deemed it an 326 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY honor extended to the Masonic Fraternity. He then immedi- ately made official announcement to the Masters, Wardens, and brethren of the several Lodges in New York, Brooklyn, and vicinity, of such acceptance, and named October 2, 1880, for the services. The brethren generally were earnestly re- quested to support the officers of the Grand Lodge, and the appointment of Brother Edward M. L. Ehlers as Marshal of the Day announced. It having been discovered that, on the 2d of October, the unveiling of the statue of Brother Kobert Burns, by the Highland Societies of the city and neighborhood, was to occur, and that the Commissioners of the Central Park had already assented to their entering the Park for that purpose, permission was refused to allow the Masonic procession in a body to enter on the same day, or on any other day. Mr. Hurlbert of the daily newspaper called The World, and who was deeply interested in the full accomplishment of the erecting the monolith in the Park, explained to the Com- missioners that the ceremonies would be abandoned by the Grand Master, unless the Fraternity could enter the Park as an organized body. The afternoon of October 9th was finally settled upon, and consent given by the Commissioners, pro- vided the entrance to the Park should be at Eighty-second Street and Fifth Avenue, almost immediately opposite the Greywache Knoll, from which the ceremonies were to be conducted. The procession was arranged to start from Twenty-third Street and Fifth Avenue at two o'clock, p.m., and within five minutes thereafter was in motion. Of all the important and attractive ceremonial events that the Brotherhood has been called upon from time to time to perform, no one has been more remarked and favor- ably commented upon than that which was witnessed on that beautiful sunny afternoon. The order of the day designated the Knights Templars as escort, under Eminent George C. Bradley, Acting Grand Captain General, followed by the Lodges of the several districts, under command of the District Deputy Grand Masters. IN THE STATE OE NEW YORK. 327 FOEMATION OF COLUMN. Police. Eight "Worshipful Edward M. L. Ehlers, Marshal of the Day. Staff. Edward Henry Kent, Chief of Staff. Brother William H. Corsa. Brother "W. "W. "Walker. C. Henry King. " G. D. Scott. Anthony Yeomans. " J. B. "Woodward. C. T. McClenachan. " W. S. Diller. Thomas Patterson. " G. M. Dusenbury. John L. Denton. " J. F. Ferguson. C. F. Beatty. . " "William Poillon. Charles Shaw. " B. A. Clooney. Brother Louis Sterne. Brother James F. Graham, Secretary of Staff. Escort. Eminent George C. Bradley, Acting Grand Captain General. Commanderies. Columbian, No. 1. Bethlehem, No 53. Temple, « 2. York, a 55. Morton, a 3. St. Elmo, a 57. Clinton, a 14. Greenwood, a 58. Palestine, a 18. Adelphic, a 59. De Witt Clinton, a 27. Hugh De Payens, a 1. Manhattan, a 31. o'f Jersey City. Ivanhoe, a 36. Damascus, a 5. Constantine, a 48. of Newark, N. J. Grand Corrwnandery Officers in Carriages. Eight Eminent George "W. "Walgrove, Grand Commander. Sir Horace "W. Brockway, Acting Deputy Grand Com- mander. Eminent Eobert Macoy, Grand Eecorder. " Charles Aikman, Grand Senior "Warden. " Peter Forester, Grand Junior "Warden. 328 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY First Division. Edward H. Frame, District Deputy Grand Master. Lodges. Cornucopia, Mispah, Long Island City, Anchor, Advance. Second Division. John H. Bonnington, District Deputy Grand Master. Lodges. Marsh, Baltic, Progressive, Corner Stone, Greenpoint, Star of Hope, Cassia, Hill Grove, Tyrian, Tuscan, Manuel, Euclid, Bidgewood, Anthqn. Third Division. Frederick H. Wight, District Deputy Grand Master. Lodges. Anglo-Saxon, Brooklyn, Lexington, Star of Bethlehem, Long Island, Zeredatha, Nassau, Mistletoe, Cambridge, Sanc- torum. Fourth Division. Frederick K. S. Drake, District Deputy Grand Master. Lodges. St. John's, Holland, Lodge of Antiquity, Prince of Orange, Pioneer, Albion, Benevolent, Dirigo, Howard, Con- cord, Manhattan, La Fayette, Mariners', Naval, Lodge of Strict Observance, Manitou, Ocean. Fifth Division. William D. Nichols, District Deputy Grand Master. Lodges. Atlantic, Independent, Darcy, Lebanon, York, Silentia, Templar, Palestine, Cyrus, Enterprise, Pacific, Keystone, Hope, Constitution, Eureka, Polar Star, Arcana, John D. Willard, Chancellor Walworth. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 329 Sixth Division. John W. Coburn, District Deputy Grand Master. Lodges. Mystic Tie, Metropolitan, Arcturus, Sylvan Grove, Doric, Henry Clay, George "Washington, Continental, Atlas, Nep- tune, Amity, Acacia, Putnam, Puritan, Lily, Sagamore, City, Crescent, Mosaic, Franklin, Hiram, Kane. Seventh Division. Horatio "W. P. Hodson, District Deputy Grand Master. Dodges. Greenwich, Harlem, Columbian, Ionic, Tecumseh, Corin- thian, Manahatta, Pyramid, Park, Architect, Normal, Moni- tor, Americus, Gramercy, Guiding Star, St. Cecile, Globe, Tabernacle, Evangelist, Astor, Ivanhoe, Perfect Ashlar, Citi- zens', Girard, Prudence, Scotia, Copestone. Eighth Division. Cyrus O. Hubbell, District Deputy Grand Master. Dodges. Knickerbocker, Bunting, Livingston, Merchants', Gavel, Ancient, Charity, Bethel, Veritas, Star of Cuba, Pentalpha, Shakespeare, Justice, Centennial, Golden Rule. Ninth Division. James Davis, District Deputy Grand Master. Lodges. Bichmond, Huguenot, Tompkins, Beacon Light. Tenth Division. Antonio Gonzalez, District Deputy Grand Master. Lodges. L'Union Francaise, La Sincerite, La Fraternidad, Gari- baldi, L'TJniversal. 330 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Eleventh Division. F. de Malignon, District Deputy Grand Master. Lodges. Hermann, United Brothers, Beethoven, Solon. Anglo-Saxon Lodge, William Sherer, Master. The Lodges were formed in sections of six, with intervals of four feet. Jewels and batons were worn, but staves and banners were not carried. The brethren were all in dark clothing, with white gloves and aprons. Apollo Command- ery, No. 15, Knights Templars, of Troy, New York, Eminent Theodore E. Haselhurst commanding, was the special escort to the Grand Master. The officers of the Grand Lodge formed in the following order : Edward L. Gaul, Grand Marshal. John Hoole, Grand Tiler. Johnston Fountain, Grand Pursuivant. "W". Lincoln Sage, Junior Grand Deacon. John W. Vrooman, Senior Grand Deacon. Richard D. Alliger, Grand Steward. Thomas Bell, Grand Steward. J. Bradford Prince, as Grand Steward. Theophilus Pratt, as Grand Steward. Albert G. Goodall, Grand Sword Bearer. George W. "Wyckoff, Grand Standard Bearer. Reverend J. Bradford Cleaver, Grand Chaplain. Reverend Charles H. Hall, Grand Chaplain. Fred B. Heald, Deputy Grand Master, nineteenth Masonic district. William E. Hopkins, Deputy Grand Master, seventeenth Masonic district. Edward F. Grose, Deputy Grand Master, thirteenth Masonic district. Daniel W. Tallcott, Deputy Grand Master, twelfth Masonic district. Z. Dederick, Trustee Hall and Asylum Fund. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 331 H. Farrington, Trustee Hall and Asylum Fund. Edwin Gates, as Trustee Hall and Asylum Fund. William T. "Woodruff, Commissioner of Appeals. James E. Morrison, Past Grand Marshal. Charles S. Arthur, Past Grand Treasurer. Daniel Sickles, Past Grand Junior "Warden. John "W. Simons, Joseph D. Evans, Stephen H. Johnson, Edmund L. Judson, and Charles Eoome, Past Grand Masters. L. N". Greenleaf, Grand Master, Colorado. James M. Austin, Grand Secretary. John Boyd, Grand Treasurer. "William A. Brodie, Junior Grand "Warden. J. Edward Simmons as Senior Grand "Warden. Horace S. Taylor, Deputy Grand Master. Jesse B. Anthony, Grand Master. The procession extended from Fifty-ninth to Eighty-second Street, and numbered over nine thousand. The bands of music were numerous. The crowds on the line of march were unusual, and in the Park were so dense that the services of the policemen were practically useless in keeping the spectators out of the spaces reserved for the ceremonies. The Grand Chaplain, Charles H. Hall, offered an invoca- tion to the Deity. The Grand Secretary, James M. Austin, announced the contents of the box deposited in the stone, which was duly laid in accordance with the prescribed ritual. The Grand Master then delivered an address admi- rable as to history and to Masonry, after which the Grand Chaplain, Eeverend J. Bradford Cleaver, pronounced the benediction, and the Lodges were dismissed. 332 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY CHAPTEE XI. 1881-1890. 1881. THE CENTENARY. " Time hurries on with a resistless, unremitting stream." On the 7th of June, 1881, the Grand Master, Jesse B. Anthony, with the above quotation opened his address, at Masonic Hall, to the representatives of 713 Lodges, or a constituency of 71,788 brethren. This was a falling-off of over one thousand in the membership from that of the pre- ceding year, although the comparative number of initiates was slightly greater. The receipts, however, were about the same, and the reduction of the debt $32,202.64. The Grand Master, referring to the centennial year, stated that " the occasion was one in which all felt a degree of pride, and it remained for the brethren to make this session remarkable for the disposition shown to work in all things not for personal aims, but for the good of the whole ; " and alluded especially to the kindly reception tendered him as Grand Master, March 30th, by Brother Albert G. Goodall, Grand Sword Bearer of the Grand Lodge, at his residence, whereat the Grand Officers had assembled to do him honor. The Grand Master also congratulated the brethren on the spirit of harmony that prevailed everywhere with the Grand Lodges of the Union, with the exception of the difference with Connecticut, which was rapidly becoming a " misunder- standing of the past." "With the foreign world, matters remained in statu quo, and were likely so to continue as to France, Hamburg, and Germany. IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 333 The Grand Master devoted some attention to a difficulty existing between SHEKOMEKO LODGE, NO. 453, AND WARREN LODGE, NO. 32. The controversy was as to geographical jurisdiction, "War- ren Lodge having accepted and initiated certain candidates living at Bangall, against which Shekomeko Lodge protested to the Grand Master, who made a decision favorable to Warren Lodge. 1. Warren Lodge, No. 32, was originally located by its Charter at Pine Plains. In 1861 it removed to Lafayette- ville, and in 1864 to Schultzville. At each removal it obtained the consent of the Grand Lodge previous thereto ; in neither case did it obtain the consent of the Lodges whose jurisdiction was to be affected thereby. 2. Shekomeko Lodge, No. 458, was originally located by its Charter at Mabbettsville, and in 1870 removed to Wash- ington Hollow ; and to this removal the Grand Lodge and all the Lodges whose jurisdiction was to be affected by the change consented, including Warren Lodge, No. 32, which was then, as in 1881, located at Schultzville. 3. When Shekomeko Lodge, No. 458, petitioned Warren Lodge, No. 32, for leave to remove to Washington Hollow, it virtually conceded, by its own act, in asking the aforesaid consent, that the territory of Bangall, now in dispute, be- longed to Warren Lodge. 4. Warren Lodge has recently received the petitions of certain candidates from Bangall, and proposes to confer the degrees upon them. Shekomeko Lodge asks that it be re- strained from conferring the degrees upon such candidates, claiming that Warren Lodge, never having obtained the consent of the Lodges abutting on its original jurisdiction, must be declared to be (for the purpose of determining its jurisdiction) located at Pine Plains ; and that Warren Lodge's removals must be regarded as only temporary locations for the -purpose of meeting within its original jurisdiction, and not extending or changing it. 334 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 5. Prior to March 19, 1878, several litigations took place between the Lodges, involving the very question at issue, i.e., the jurisdiction of the two Lodges over this place ; and on the last-mentioned date, at a meeting held before Most Worshipful Joseph J. Couch, Grand Master, an agreement was entered into and duly signed by the representatives of the two Lodges in an official capacity as Masters of the said Lodges. It is not within the scope of this general history to follow out the long and clear argument of the Grand Master, or that of the distinguished committee sustaining the Grand Master, notwithstanding its importance in the decision which determined other mooted questions of local jurisdiction. THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. In accordance with the resolution adopted by the Grand Lodge at its session in 1880, the Grand Master appointed a committee consisting of Brothers Horace S. Taylor, Edward M. L. Ehlers, and James W. Bowden to make arrangements for the exercises in commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary of the Grand Lodge of New York. These trusted officers discharged their duties as herein recorded. On the evening of June 7th, 1881, according to previous arrangements, the Grand Lodge assembled at the Academy of Music, in the city of New York, for the purpose of cele- brating its one hundredth anniversary. There were present the Grand Master, Jesse B. Anthony, the Deputy Grand Master, Grand "Wardens, and other Grand Officers, Past Grand Officers, representatives and members of the Grand Lodge, representatives of Foreign Grand Lodges, together with a number of distinguished brethren from other jurisdictions, and members of the Craft, with their wives and friends. The Grand Lodge was honored by the presence of Brother General Albert Pike, of Washington, District of Columbia; Samuel B. Dick, Grand Master; Conrad B. Day, Deputy Grand Master ; Thomas K. Patton, Grand Treasurer ; and IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 335 Michael Nisbet, Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania ; Thomas Vincent, Grand Master of Masons in Rhode Island ; Robert Bingham, Senior Grand Warden of Grand Lodge of North Carolina ; Edwin Wright, Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts ; Charles Inglesby, Grand Secretary of Grand Lodge of South Caro- lina, and representative of this Grand Lodge near that of South Carolina ; and William B. Isaacs, Grand Secretary of Grand Lodge of Virginia. The exercises were opened with an invocation by Bev. John G. Webster, Grand Chaplain. The intellectual pleasures of the event were enhanced by vocal and instrumental music by distinguished artists, and by an orchestra under the direction of Dr. Leopold Damrosch. The Grand Master's address was properly and necessarily narrative and statistical, embracing a synopsis of the con- tents of preceding pages of this history. He opened his address by saying : "We have come forth to-night in honor of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, which has reached its centennial of the authority originally issued to constitute the organization. The centennial year of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York is an important epoch in its his- tory, worthy of commemoration ; and while I can but imper- fectly sketch the history of the past, crowded as it is with Masonic events of 'interest to us, yet such as it is, I present it to you in the hope that ' The memory of the past shall be a guide in our path to light,' and may we ever ' Let the fondest memories steal Across our hearts, in weal and woe, Of those who wrought with noble zeal, Through all these hundred years.' " THE ORATION was delivered by Brother Frank E. Lawrence, Chief Com- missioner of Appeals, who in subsequent years became 336 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Grand Master. We transfer much of the oration to these " Standing upon the dividing line which separates the first century of labor of the Sovereign and Independent Grand Lodge of New York from the time to come, thought extends itself backward into the past, and forward into the future, over a field too vast to be surveyed, however slightly, within the limited time at our command. Were we to attempt to trace the growth or history of Masonry, our minds would be carried back to distant periods, far off in the mists of time, whose records have come imper- fectly down to us, graven upon the monuments or painted in the tombs of the dead representatives of civilizations long since extinct, telling us of cities whose magnificence is almost beyond our comprehension; of dynasties swaying the destinies of countless millions of men ; of achievements in architecture and the arts, which even our wonderful prog- ress has not been able fully to rival — all which are but memories. Were imagination, at our bidding, to clothe the phantasms of the past with a temporary life, marshal the innumerable hosts of men long departed, rebuild the cities, seat the dead kings upon their thrones, and restore the lost peoples to their possessions, how many gorgeous visions would pass before us, each representing a page in the history of the world, and each disclosing a part of the history of Masonry. We should be carried back to the early ages when, upon the Egyptian plains, before the erection of Egypt's earliest monuments, the Shepherd Kings first worshiped Isis and Osiris ; to the time of the Phoenicians, whose Masons reared the splendid temples of Sidon and Tyre ; to the era of that noble race whose impassioned eloquence, deep philosophy, and glorious literature made the name of Greece immor- tal; to the days where lived a mighty city, throned on seven hills, sending forth her armies and conquering the nations, until all the world trembled at the name of Eome. All these, and many more of the nations now fallen, would require more than a passing notice, before even an IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 337 outline could be given of the history of the Masonic Insti- tution. ' But the discussion of that history is not the chief purpose of this assemblage. We meet, not to learn the origin or trace the progress of Masonry, but to commemorate in a fitting manner the fact, that, during the past one hundred years, while upon this con- tinent a few feeble States have developed into a mighty nation, and the city in which we assemble has changed from an insignificant town to a splendid metropolis, the Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, keeping ample pace with the progress of the times, has grown in stature until now, instead of the few scattered Lodges and the few hundred members of a century ago, there are within the State of New York more than a hundred thousand men whose vows have been registered before its sacred altar ; and there assemble to-day, from every part of this great jurisdiction, which extends over a territory of nearly fifty thousand square miles, the Masters of more than seven hundred Lodges, to participate in the proceedings at the Annual Communication of this Grand Lodge; while within this country there now exist some fifty Grand Lodges, each exercising absolute and exclusive Masonic sovereignty within the territory over which it rules, regulating an active membership of more than half a million brethren, working under substantially the same forms, and obedient to the same general laws. The hundred years just past have been crowded with notable events, to an extent unknown in any corresponding period of time of which we have a record. Prosperous States and thriving cities have arisen in the place of primeval forests and uninhabited wilds; the progress in literature, science, and the arts has been such as the wildest enthusiast a century ago would not have dreamed of; the inventive genius of the age has given to man an almost absolute mastery over the earth, and knowledge has been disseminated to an extent never paralleled. If we consider the marvelous achievements of man during the period within which the Grand Lodge of New York has vol. iv. — 22 338 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY existed, how impossible it is, even faintly, to conjecture the progress which may be made during a period of correspond- ing length in the future. Among the many thoughts which arise on an occasion so rare and so impressive as this, none seems so absorbing as that which points to the reason for the vast and long-continued power of this Institution, which rules not by force, but by a moral sway ; and whose potency, increasing with enlighten- ment and advancing with civilization, yet exists where enlightenment and civilization are unknown. Its forms and ceremonies change with the manners and customs of men; not so its principles and philosophy. Whether imparted among the gloom of the rock-cut temples of Elephanta, revealed with all the gorgeous pomp of Eleusis, spoken simply within the hallowed groves of the Druids, or disclosed during the performance of rites more suited to the present state of the human mind, the principles of Masonry, in whatever changing tongues, and with whatever varying forms made known, are as undying and as immutable as the principle of immortality. Before our posterity shall assemble to celebrate the recur- rence of the event we to-night commemorate, what exten- sions of human thought may have occurred ! "What feats, now considered impossible, been accomplished ! "What new possibilities presented themselves to men ! How many things, now accepted as true, been proved to be false ! This country will doubtless then contain fully two hundred millions of people, not held in ignorance, as such vast masses have been in other countries and other times, but civilized and en- lightened to a degree never before equaled, and perhaps never in the future to be excelled ; bringing to bear at every point the concentrated energy and knowledge of such a host ; calling into competition so many minds ; uniting into one great national feeling the hearts of so many freemen ; all worshiping the Creator with a reverence, perhaps more enlightened, though not more devout, than ours ; and all to be directed by the master spirits to the attainment of the exalted purposes which will arise in such an age. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 339 In the ideal Craftsman, knowing no higher law than the dictates of his GRAND MASTER, 1892. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 533 William A. Sutherland, Junior Grand Warden. John J. Gorman, Grand Treasurer. Edward M. L. Ehlers, Grand Secretary. Past Grand Master William A. Brodie was elected Trustee of the Hall and Asylum Fund, for three years, in place of Brother John Stewart. Brother George H. Wiley was elected Trustee of the Hall and Asylum Fund, for three years, in place of Brother George H. Wiley. Brother John Stewart was elected Trustee of the Hall and Asylum Fund, for the unexpired term of Horace L. Greene, deceased. APPOINTMENTS BY THE GRAND MASTER. Reverends Orrin Boot, Warren C. Hubbard, and William I. Chalmers, Grand Chaplains ; Eollin M. Morgan, Grand Marshal ; James K. Stockwell, Grand Standard Bearer ; Lof- tin Love, Grand Sword Bearer ; Solomon Strasser, Charles E. Ide, Christian Wittwer, and Charles E. Palmer, Grand Stew- ards ; Edgar C. McDonald, Senior Grand Deacon ; Lemuel Bussell, Junior Grand Deacon ; George H. Eaymond, Grand Lecturer ; Herman G. Carter, Grand Librarian ; George Skinner, Grand Pursuivant ; John Hoole, Grand Tiler. COMMISSIONERS OF APPEALS. James G. Janeway, Chief Commissioner ; Charles W. Mead and S. Nelson Sawyer for three years ; Wright D. PownaU and Marvin I. Greenwood for two years ; Rufus T. Griggs and John C. Graves for one year. JAMES TEN EYCK, GRAND MASTER. " He that laboreth to the end shall receive a crown of light." James Ten Eyck was born in Albany, New York, on February 16, 1 840. Of his youth we have little account. He is the son of Visscher Ten Eyck, one of the publishers 534 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY of the Albany Evening Journal, who was afterwards a banker. James Ten Eyck has always lived in his native city. His education was commenced at the Albany Acad- emy, and finished at Burlington College, New Jersey. Brother Ten Eyck has ever been a man of business, earn- est, decisive, untiring, finding his chief enjoyment in the employment of his business faculties. He is one of four partners in the Empire Steam Coffee and Spice Mills, and is a wholesale merchant. When from business fatigue he sought freedom in intel- lectual employment, he turned toward the brotherhood that weaves the mystic chain of light. A year or two after becoming of age his application in Masters' Lodge, No. 5, found favor, and he was initiated, November 23, 1863 ; in January following he was passed and raised. In 1869 he commenced the rounds of position and station ; thus in 1869 he was Senior Deacon, and in the two succeeding years was Junior Warden, in 1872 Senior Warden, and then for five years served as Master. In 1883 Brother Ten Eyck was elected one of the trustees ; he was continuously re-elected, and for the last four years has been the Chairman of the Board. On the 28th of November, 1865, he was made a Mark Master in Temple Chapter, No. 5, Royal Arch Masonry, and advanced, receiving his Arch degree February 8, 1866. On the 13th of April of the same year he received the degrees of the Cryptic Rite in De Witt Clinton Council, No. 22. These were followed by the Bed Cross, and the Order of the Temple, November 15, 1867. Desiring still further light, the philosophic degrees of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Eite were applied for and received during the year 1866. He was in due course of time elected the Master of the old Lodge of Perfection instituted in Albany in 1767, and served as such for five years. Finally on September 19, 1877, he was crowned an honorary member of the Supreme Council, Northern jurisdiction. In 1883-84 Brother James Ten Eyck was Junior Grand IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 535 Warden of the Grand Lodge, and for the succeeding six years Senior Grand Warden. In 1891 he became the Deputy Grand Master, which was followed in June, 1892, by his elevation to the Grand Mastership. It has been a proud matter of satisfaction to Brother Ten Eyck, that he was the second Vice-Chairman of the Dedica- tion Committee of the Masonic Hall in the city of New York, and that he was permitted to assist in the laying of the corner-stone of the Utica Home, but more especially that he was enabled to dedicate to its noble purposes that magnificent structure which is the evidence of JSTew York Masonic charity. To one possessed of the true principles of Freemasonry and of tender sympathy, we can well appreciate the touching incident of the brethren of .his native city in presenting to him on that memorable day a beautiful and costly Grand Master's jewel as a token of their esteem and affection. 1893. were the reverential words uttered by Grand Master James Ten Eyck when he addressed the brethren of the Grand Lodge in June, 1893, requesting them to render thanks for being permitted to again assemble and acknowledge His goodness and loving-kindness to the brotherhood. The Grand Master announced wi,th evident pride and satisfaction the official dedication of the Home at Utica on the 5th of October, 1892, an account of which will be found under the date of 1891, following the historical narrative of the laying of the corner-stone of the beautiful building. As the Grand Master stated, "the joys and sorrows of another year had passed away ; " among the latter came the sad intelligence of the death of General James W. Husted, Past Grand Master, on September 25, 1892. For a sketch of his life, Masonic, social, and political, reference may be made to the year 1876, cmte, when he was duly elected Grand Master. 536 HISTOEY OF FREEMASONRY Announcements were made of the deaths of several rep- resentatives of Grand Lodges, among them : Friedrich Bolza, a representative of the Grand Lodge of New York, died at Landau, Germany, December 2, 1892. Charles F. L. Hohenthal, representative of the Grand Lodge of Saxony, died at New York, September 16, 1892. Samuel Jones, representative of the Grand Lodge of Manitoba, died at Poughkeepsie, August 11, 1892. He was the son of Chancellor Samuel Jones, who was also Chief Jus- tice of the Supreme Court and President of the New York Law Institute. The grandfather, also of the same name, was Recorder of the city of New York. Brother Samuel Jones was elected Judge of the Superior Court of New York City in 1865, and served until 1871. He was appointed Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, August 24, 1889, and resigned June 24, 1892. He was a member of Holland Lodge, No. 8, of Ancient Chapter, No. 1, Royal Arch, and was devoted to the Scottish Bite, of which he was an Inspector-General of the Northern jurisdiction. He married a sister of Justice Joseph F. Barnard of the Supreme Court. He left a widow, but no children. When the Grand Lodge assembled for the 112th Annual Communication, June 6, 1893, there were present every Grand Officer ; all of the thirty District Deputy Grand Masters, except the brothers from Richmond County (27) ; the seven Commissioners of Appeals ; the seven Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund ; nine Past Grand Masters ; one Past Deputy Grand Master; four Past Junior Grand "Wardens; one Past Master prior to 1849; and the repre- sentatives of fifty-nine Grand Masonic Bodies. The Grand Secretary, Edward M. L. Ehlers, reported the receipts from fees and dues of Lodges to be $69,123 50 From Dispensations granted 400 00 From other sources 738 40 A total paid to Treasurer of $70,261 90 IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 537 Lodge quotas of the Hall and Asylum were still being re- ceived, and $554.50 on this account, paid during the year, was deposited with the trustees. The perfect system to which the Lodges had been brought by the course pursued by the Grand Secretary was evi- denced by the fact, that every one of the 726 Lodges had made returns, and their interest in Masonry was evinced by 720 of the Lodges being represented at the session of 1893. MEMBERSHIP, FINANCIAL, AND OTHEE EXHIBITS. The numerical exhibit as to membership of the Grand Lodge of New York for one year is readily seen by the following figures : Number of Master Masons at date of last report 80,623 Number initiated 5,495 Number passed 5,373 Number raised 5,343 Number affiliated 981 Number restored 1,244 Total 88,191 Number unaffiliated 2,162 Number died 1,437 Number dimitted 1,040 Number dropped 245 Number expelled 20 — 4,904 Number of Master Masons, December 31, 1892 83,287 The third volume of the History of Freemasonry in the State of New York was announced as having been pub- lished, and in the hands of the Grand Secretary. The Grand Treasurer, John J. Gorman, re- ported his receipts in addition to balance from preceding year, to be $110,974 61 The payments were : For ^Representations $19,676 39 For Trustees Hall and Asylum 23,180 00 For Trustees Permanent Fund 5,000 00 For other expenses 19,192 29— 67,048 68 Cash on hand $43,925 93 538 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY The domestic department of the Grand Lodge requires for its support, per annum, the following outlay : For the salary of the Grand Tiler $200 00 For the salary of the Grand Pursuivant 200 00 For the salary of the Grand Lecturer 2,000 00 For the salary of the Grand Secretary 4,800 00 For the Library 1,000 00 To the Grand Lecturer for traveling expenses. . . . 400 00 To the Grand Secretary for clerk hire 2,500 00 To the Committee on Foreign Correspondence, in- cluding translation 600 00 The Trustees made an exhibit as to their entire receipts and balances from the preceding year amounting to $250,472 62 And their total disbursements 94,900 07 Leaving a cash balance, April 30, 1893, of $155,572 55 SEVEBAL NEW LODGES had been established since the Grand Communication of 1892, which were warranted by authority of the Grand Lodge in June, 1893 : Onesquethan Lodge, at Coeymans, No. 804. Corinthian Temple Lodge, at Eochester, No. 805. Matinecock Lodge, at Oyster Bay, No. 806. Mount Tabor Lodge, at Hunter, No. 807. A duplicate Warrant of Adelphi Lodge, No. 23, was authorized upon payment of the regular fee, the old "War- rant, badly injured and worn, to be deposited as a relic with the Lodge. Mechanic Lodge, No. 31, was authorized to change its name to Lotus Lodge. THE ZION LODGE WARBANT OF 1764, in the archives of the Grand Lodge of New York, was authorized to be deposited in the keeping of the Grand IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 539 Lodge of Michigan, at the request of George E. Dowling, Grand Master, the Lodge holding its Communications in Detroit. (See pp. 214-216 of vol. i.) GENERAL MASONIC BELIEF ASSOCIATION OP UNITED STATES AND CANADA. The Committee on Finance, "William Sherer, Chairman, associated with Brothers Charles T. Dunwell and Elmer Hendricks, recommended to the Grand Lodge the setting apart of one-half cent per capita on the membership of this jurisdiction for an appropriation for the General Masonic Eelief Association of United States and Canada. This was in continuance of membership in the Association for the protection of Lodges from Masonic impostors. This made the number of Grand Lodges in States and Territories co- operating, thirteen ; and in Canada there were five. A schedule of the contents of the box placed under the corner-stone of the " New Masonic Hall," built in 1826, on the east side of Broadway near Pearl Street (an account of which, with an illustration, will be found in vol. ii. p. 458, this History) is given in full in the Proceedings of the Grand Lodge for 1893, pp. 17, 18, i9. During the year that had expired prior to June, 1893, many Dispensations had been granted for ceremonials of varied nature ; the usual numerous concessions to elect and install officers ; authorizing Lodges to change their locations as to places of meeting ; to continue work when the "Warrant from some cause had been lost or consumed by fire ; to con- tinue in quarters which had been inhibited until made secure from the profane. DEDICATION OF BOOMS. "William A. Sutherland, Junior Grand "Warden, dedicated the new rooms of Eenovation Lodge, No. 97, on July 21, 1892. 540 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Loyal L. Davis, Deputy Grand Master thirteenth district, dedicated the new Masonic Temple at Pottersville, on Sep- tember 8, 1892. Henry Breunich, Deputy Grand Master twenty-eighth district, dedicated the new rooms of Allemania Lodge, No. 740, on October 26, 1892. Herbert W. Greenland, Deputy Grand Master nineteenth district, dedicated the Masonic Temple at Pulaski, February 2, 1893. James E. Batsford, Deputy Grand Master twenty-first district, dedicated the new rooms of Farmerville Lodge, No. 183, on May 31, 1893. And the Grand Master in person dedicated the Masonic Temple at Ithaca, January 6, 1893. ■ CORNER-STONES OF SUNDRY BUILDINGS WERE LAID. John "W. Yrooman, Past Grand Master, laid the corner- stone of the new Masonic Temple at Olean, September 27, 1892. Clayton S. Scott, Deputy Grand Master twentieth dis- trict, laid the corner-stone of the public school building at Freemansburg, September 29, 1892. Charles E. Palmer, Grand Steward, laid the corner-stone of the Children's Home at Schenectady, October 8, 1892. Ivan T. Burney, Deputy Grand Master of the fourteenth Masonic district, laid the corner-stone of the high school building at Gloversville, October 21, 1892. Alfred B. Guion, Master of Hiawatha Lodge, No. 434, laid the corner-stone of the Mount Vernon Hospital, February 22, 1893. The Grand Master in person laid the corner-stone of the Guild Hall, at Philmont, on October 22, 1892. GRAND LODGES OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA AND OKLAHOMA TERRITORY. Grand Master Ten Eyck formally recognized the Grand Lodge of South Australia on the 10th of December, 1892, IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 541 and the Grand Lodge of Oklahoma Territory on February 21, 1893 ; which action was approved. THE PORTRAIT OF WILLIAM SHERER, PAST GRAND MASTER. A number of brethren, through William I. Chalmers, Grand Chaplain, expressed their esteem for Brother William Sherer, Past Grand Master, by the presentation to the Grand Lodge of an excellent portrait in oil of him, which was most happily received on behalf of the Grand Lodge by Frederick A. Burnham, the newly elected Grand Master. GRAND REPRESENTATIVES OF PENNSYLVANIA AND IOWA. The Grand Lodges of Pennsylvania and Iowa having determined to abolish the system of Grand representatives, the Grand Master of the latter gave notice accordingly to the Grand Lodge of New York, on October 1, 1892, and the Grand Master of the former gave similar notice on January 30, 1893 ; at the same time announcing that all correspond- ence between the Grand Bodies would, thereafter, be con- ducted by the Grand Masters, under their private seal. The letters patent of the representatives to those Grand Lodges were in sequence recalled. THE LIBRARY AND READING-ROOM. With much pride Herman G. Carter, Grand Librarian, reported the improved condition of the extensive Masonic Library under his care, and stated the increase during the year was 114 volumes, making in ten years an addition of 1,992 volumes. That the reading-room was open to visitors for two hours in the afternoon, and for three hours and a half every evening, Sundays and holidays excepted. THE BOARD OF RELIEF, THE SHELTER FUND, AND THE GENERAL MASONIC RELIEF ASSOCIATION. The local Board of Eelief had received and expended less than in the preceding year, but had a greater balance on hand, to wit: $2,656.82. 542 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY The condition of the Shelter Fund gradually improved, it having to its credit $5,781, showing an increase of nearly $2,000 over the preceding year, 1892, when the entire propo- sition for the first time was laid open to the members of the Fraternity. Twelve hundred and sixty fraudulent claimants had been published since the organization of the General Masonic Relief Association in September, 1885. No salaries are paid to the officers of that Association, no per diem or traveling expenses are paid to its delegates ; and the expenditure is limited entirely to the actual outlay for printing, postage, labor, and a small sum for office rent. Of those applying for relief by the local Board of Relief, a little over sixty-four per cent, were foreigners ; sixty-six per cent, were from Lodges outside of the United States, and over seventy-one per cent, of the foreigners were assisted. The applicants from England, Scotland, and Ire- land were about forty per cent. ; and from England alone about twenty-four per cent. THE BELIEF BOAED OF WILLIAMSBURG showed a marked improvement, and made an exhibit nearly equal to that of New York City. Their assets and proper- ties amounted to $3,757.15. An admirable provision of the Grand Lodge directs the Grand Secretary annually to have the Grand Master's address, the receipts and expenditures of the Grand Lodge, and the financial report of the Trustees of the Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund, printed in advance of the Grand Communication, for distribution among the officers and members. THE UNIVERSAL STANDARD WORK. A further wise provision is the insistence that the stand- ard work shall annually be exemplified by the Grand Lect- urer, and so recorded by a committee of thirty, composed IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 543 of one from each Masonic district. Thus the standard work can not be misinterpreted. The Grand Lodge took a progressive step in 1889 as to the universality and uniformity of the standard work throughout the State, by requiring the Lodges working in the French tongue to adopt the standard work, for which a careful translation had been made ; and in 1891, a similar course was followed as to Lodges working in the Spanish language ; and in 1892, a further advance was made as to those Lodges working in the Italian language. Finally, in 1893, as recommended by the Committee, of which Oscar L. Eastman was chairman, the German translation of the Stand- ard Monitor was submitted and adopted for those Lodges in the jurisdiction working in the German^tongue. DUES OF AFFILIATED LODGE PETITIONEES. At the instance of the Grand Secretary, the Grand Lodge adopted, so far as could be done at one annual session, an amendment to section 53 of the Constitution, requiring each affiliated petitioner for the erection of a new Lodge, to file a certificate that his dues have been paid to the close of the year in which the next annual session of the Grand Lodge shall be held, and not merely to the end of the current yepr. JURISDICTION OF A LODGE OVEE CANDIDATES. Brother "William H. Eees was instrumental in having sec- tion 50 of the Statutes so amended as to eliminate the word " Town," so that the jurisdiction of Lodges over candidates in a town should not be concurrent. THE SIZ-DOLLAE TAX PEE MEMBEE. The Grand Lodge in 1893, one hundred and seventy-one Lodges not having paid their quota, finally adopted the following amendment to the Constitution, Art. vii., sec. 40, sub. 11 : " All sums paid by any Lodge under subdivision 9 of 544 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Article VII. of the Constitution, in the dues for the year 1887 and thereafter, as appears from the annual returns of said Lodge, shall be deemed voluntary contributions to the Hall and Asylum Fund ; and when the voluntary contribu- tions shall aggregate the sum of six dollars per member for all on the roll of said Lodge, December 31, 1885, said Lodge shall be exempt from the annual payment required by sub- division 9 of this Article." SYMBOLIC MASONBY IN MEXICO. No recognition of a ruling power in Symbolic Masonry in Mexico had been given prior to the year 1893, when the subject of the application of a Central Grand Body having under its jurisdiction seventeen State Grand Lodges and two hundred and two Subordinate Lodges, known as " La Gran Dieta Simbolica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos," established February, 1890, was referred to the Committee on Jurisprudence for examination and report as to granting an exchange of representation. The committee reported that the organization of the Grand Symbolic Diet was simi- lar to that of the Grand Lodges of England and Scotland, with their Provincial Grand Lodges, and is confined to the first three, or symbolic degrees. It is entirely separated from the higher degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Scot- tish Rite, and would favor a recognition, were the matter not complicated by a letter (of a confidential nature) issued by Toltec Lodge, No. 520, located in the City of Mexico, holding a Charter under the Grand Lodge of Missouri. Further investigation was therefore recommended, and recognition deferred. An interesting account of the origin and history of Free- masonry in Mexico will be found within the pages 85-87 of Report of Foreign Correspondence of 1892, and the pages 122-124 of the Report of the Committee on Foreign Corre- spondence of New York for 1893. The three sections of the Constitution of the Diet affect- ing the Masonic power read as follows : IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 545 " Art. 30. The powers of Symbolic Masonry in this Kepub- lic are constituted in the Governing Grand Lodge, which goes by the name of the ' Grand Symbolic Diet of the United States of Mexico ; ' whose duty it shall be to watch over the welfare, absolute liberty, and independence of the three blue degrees, or Symbolic Lodges, under the Grand Lodges of the different States. Art. 31. The Sovereign Masonic Power resides essen- tially and originally in the great body of Masons, who deposit their obedience for its exercise in the Grand Diet. Art. 32. The Supreme Authority of Symbolic Masonry shall have the title, ' Grand Symbolic Diet of the United States of Mexico.' " The statements officiously volunteered by Toltec Lodge were subsequently found to be incorrect, and had been for- warded to New York for personal reasons. This matter coming to the knowledge of the Grand Officers of the Diet in Mexico, at the instance of Brother General Diaz, Presi- dent of the Kepublic, a request was made of the Grand Lodge of Missouri to withdraw the Charter of Toltec Lodge, No. 520, which was complied with. GRAND LODGE OF NEW ZEALAND. Favorable action as to recognition of the Grand Lodge of New Zealand was deferred in 1893 until further action was had by the Grand Lodges of England, Scotland, and Ireland, which theretofore had jurisdiction over the Colonial Lodges, and with which the Grand Lodge of New York was in amity and friendship. The Grand Lodges of England and Scotland had given as their reason for non-recognition " want of unanimity," and the Grand Lodge of Ireland had made no response. The Grand Lodge of New Zealand had seventy-eight Subordinates subject to it, out of a total of one hundred and forty-seven Lodges, which were chartered originally as follows : Eighty-five by England, forty-seven by Scotland, and fifteen by Ireland. vol. iv. — 35 546 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY DISPENSATIONS TO ESTABLISH LODGES. A Dispensation was granted on the 24th of June (St. John's Day), 1893, for the establishment of Olympia Lodge at Far Rockaway, Long Island; another, on the 16th of October, 1893, for the erection of Uriel Lodge at Forest Port, Oneida County ; and a third, on the 4th of December, 1893, for the creation of Urania Lodge at Machias, Cattarau- gus County. THE ELECTION OF OFFICEES FOE 1893-94. Brother James Ten Eyck, Grand Master, having been re- elected by acclaim, and having persisted in declination, the same unanimity of selection was expressed for his successor, Frederick A. Burnham. Brother John Hodge became Deputy Grand Master. Brother William A. Sutherland, Senior Grand Warden. Brother Charles E. Ide, Junior Grand Warden. Brother John J. Gorman, Grand Treasurer. Brother Edward M. L. Ehlers, Grand Secretary. APPOINTED OFFICEES. Reverends Oren Root, Charles W. Camp, and George R. Yandewuter, Grand Chaplains ; Elmer A. Miller, Grand Marshal ; George E. Tiffany, Grand Standard Bearer ; Isidor Metzger, Grand Sword Bearer; Walter Jones, Horace M. Daniels, Franklin S. Stebbins, and 'Hiram B. Rhymer, Grand Stewards ; Samuel C. Miller, Senior Grand Deacon ; Frank Raymond, Junior Grand Deacon; George H. Raymond, Grand Lecturer ; William J. Duncan, Grand Librarian ; George Skinner, Grand Pursuivant ; John Hoole, Grand Tiler. COMMISSIONEES OF APPEALS. James G. Janeway, New York, Chief Commissioner ; John H. Cunningham, Utica, for three years ; Rufus T. Griggs, Brooklyn, for three years; Charles W. Mead, Albany, for GRAND MASTER, 1893. IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 547 two years; S. Nelson Sawyer, Palmyra, for two years; Wright D. Pownall, New York, for one year; Marvin I. Greenwood, Newark, for one year. TRUSTEES OF THE HALL AND ASYLUM FUND. Edward B. Harper, New York, for three years ; Alexander T. Goodwin, Utica, for three years ; John Stewart, New York, for three years ; William A. Brodie, Geneseo, for two years; George H. Wiley, Utica, for two years; George Hayes, New York, for one year ; Jerome E. Morse, Brook- lyn, for one year. FREDERICK A. BURNHAM, GRAND MASTER. After a service of a number of years in the Grand Lodge of Masons in the State of New York, more especially as Commissioner of Appeals, and for six years Chief Commis- sioner, Frederick A. Burnham was elected Deputy Grand Master in 1892, and in 1893 unanimously elected Grand Master of Masons of the State of New York. Brother Burnham was born in Burrillville, Ehode Island, January 7, 1851. He is the son of the Keverend George Burnham, a Methodist clergyman of English descent ; but, as will readily appear from an examination of the brief sketch herein given, he is markedly of the American type. Brother Burnham was educated at Middletown, Connecti- cut, and was of the class of 1871, continuing his course of studies in Union University, Albany Law School of 1873. As a matter of interest relating to his Masonic life, it should be narrated that he was made a Mason in Excelsior Lodge, No. 195, in New York City, in 1877, receiving all three of his degrees from Brother Frank B. Lawrence, then Master of the Lodge, now Past Grand Master. Brother Burnham has always shown true fealty to his alma mater, and feels true pride as a member of Crescent Lodge. A short period after becoming a Master Mason he was exalted in Adelphic Chapter, Boyal Arch, and ere long was 548 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY knighted in Palestine Commandery, No. 18. He is also a member of the A. A. Scottish Eite, Northern Jurisdiction, hailing from the Consistory of New York City. Brother Burnham is of medium height, of sturdy build, and of phlegmatic temperament, clear and earnest in de- bate, and an admirable representative of his profession of the law. To the office of Grand Master he brought a varied experi- ence which eminently qualified him to discharge the duties that might devolve upon him. He is a careful, thoughtful speaker, impressing his ideas in forceful and telling lan- guage. His accession to the highest office in the gift of the Fraternity of the State was an honor to him that will doubt- less redound to the advantage of the Grand Lodge. JOHN HODGE, DEPUTY GRAND MASTER. The newly elected Deputy under Grand Master Frederick A. Burnham was born in Jefferson County, New York. In his youth he removed to Lockport, where he has resided some thirty-three years. Notwithstanding his early devo- tion to the study of law, he surrendered his predilections to the practical work of accounting. Having become connected with the Merchant's Gargling Oil Company, he proved his business worth ; he became secretary and sole manager. From financial successes he built in the city of Lockport the Hodge Opera House, which shortly thereafter burned down, but was immediately rebuilt in greater magnificence. He is president of the Lockport "Water Supply Company, of the Lockport Street Railway Company, of the Glenwood Cemetery Association, of the Board of Education ; treas- urer of the Lockport and Buffalo Railroad Company ; a member of the Commission of the Niagara State Reserva- tion. Shortly after becoming of age he was admitted to the Masonic Society in Niagara Lodge, No. 375, of Lockport, and in 1881 and 1882 was the Master of the Lodge. In time he became Deputy of the 24th District, and after holding the office three years, in 1885 was elected Junior Grand -^JTZ^^^^Z^^J^ SENIOR GRAND WARDEN, 1894. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 549 Warden, to which office he was annually re-elected for six years. In 1891 and 1892 he was unanimously elected Senior Grand Warden, and in 1893 Deputy Grand Master; the future will care for itself. In the various Departments of Masonry Brother Hodge has not been idle, holding many honorable and arduous positions in Council, Chapter, Commandery, and Scottish Eite. In energy he is unremitting; in steadfastness, un- questioned. WILLIAM A. SUTHERLAND, SENIOR GRAND WARDEN. Of Brother William A. Sutherland not much has come to the knowledge of the historian. He is an eminent lawyer of Rochester, well known for his clear, cogent reasoning, his effectiveness in argument, and f orcibleness in debate. In connection with the Grand Lodge of Masons, we first hear of him in an official capacity as the Deputy of the twenty-second district, taking the place, in 1889, of Brother John Alexander, who had previously served for several years. Brother Sutherland was reappointed in 1890. When Brother John Hodge was promoted, in 1891, to the office of Senior Grand Warden, Brother William A. Suther- land was elected to fill the position of Junior Grand War- den, and in 1892 he was re-elected to the same station. In June, 1893, however, he was elected to the office of Senior Grand Warden, and in Masonry awaits his further destiny. CHARLES E. IDE, JUNIOR GRAND WARDEN. Brother Ide is eminently a New York man. He was born in Phelps, Ontario County, May 31, 1853, and was educated at the Geneva Classical and Union School. His proclivities led him toward the profession of the law. When quite young he entered the law office of Ruger, Wallace & Jenney, in Syracuse, where he studied until 1873. He was admitted to the bar at the general term in Buf- 550 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY falo, held in June, 1874. His practice, however, has always been in Syracuse, first as a member of the firm of Costello & Ide, then of Costello, Ide & Hubbard, of Ide & Hubbard, of Ide & Newell, and of Baldwin & Ide. He is prominent as a politician, and is at present Corporation Counsel of Syracuse. Brother Ide is well known among the Masonic Craft of the State, not only in Symbolic Masonry, but in its several departments. He was raised in Central City Lodge, No. 305, July 2, 1878 ; received the Eoyal Arch in Central City Chapter, No. 70, June 25, 1880; the Cryptic degrees in Central City Council, No. 13, May 21, 1888 ; was knighted in Central City Commandery, May 24, 1882. Brother Ide was Junior "Warden of his Lodge in 1885, and successively filled the other chairs. He was Grand Steward in 1891, by appointment of Grand Master "William Sherer, and was re-appointed by Grand Master Ten Eyck. In 1893 he was elected Junior Grand Warden. In Knighthood, Brother Ide was elected Commander of Central City Commandery, and served in 1887, 1888, and 1889. In 1891 he was elected Grand "Warder of the Grand Commandery of the State. In the Ancient Accepted Scot- tish Kite, Brother Ide has filled the Master's position in the Lodge of Perfection, Council, Chapter, and Consistory located in Syracuse, and was created an Inspector-General by the Supreme Council of the Northern jurisdiction, Sep- tember 16, 1890, at Cleveland, Ohio. Brother Charles E. Ide is industrious, careful, and deci- sive ; as a speaker he is forceful, perspicacious, and impress- ive ; as a man and friend, one to be conscientiously trusted and deserving of esteem. EDWAED L. GAUL, COMMISSIONER OF APPEALS. One of the most earnest and energetic Masons of the Grand Lodge of the State, Edward L. Gaul, was born in Hudson, New York, February 24, 1837. In his youth he was fond of athletic sports, and yet was ever ready for his JUNIOR GRAND WARDEN IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 551 studies. In time he entered Yale College and graduated in 1860. He studied law in his father's office, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1866. Brother Gaul's Masonic career was one of energy and restlessness. He was initiated in Hiram Lodge, New Haven, Connecticut, in 1860, and afterward affiliated with a Lodge in Hudson ; but in due course he changed his Masonic home to New York City, and joined Kane Lodge, No. 454, of which he became the Master, and served in that capacity in 1879 and 1880. In June, 1880, he was appointed Grand Marshal, and for ten subsequent years was one of the Com- missioners of Appeals of the Grand Lodge. Brother Gaul was fond of Freemasonry in all its branches. He was knighted in New Haven Commandery, No. 2, in June, 1860, and became the Commander of Lafayette Com- mandery in 1884. In the Grand Commandery he was Grand Warden in 1885, and was regularly promoted until Septem- tember 13, 1892, when he was chosen Grand Commander. His constant effort in the latter capacity resulted in a bril- liant success. His pride in the Ancient Accepted Scottish Kite of the Northern jurisdiction was no less commend- able. Brother Gaul died April 1, 1894, at Hudson. The funeral services were attended by members of all departments of Masonry, and by the Association of Odd Fellows, of whom he was the Grand Master. JOHN J. GOEMAN, GBAND TEEASUEEE. Brother John J. Gorman was initiated in Masonry about the year 1853. On the 13th of July, 1885, Grand Master Lawrence appointed Brother Gorman one of the Trustees of theMasonic Hall and Asylum Fund, in the place of Theoph- ilus Pratt, resigned. He continued to hold the office until June, 1889, when, upon the declination of Brother Wash- ington E. Connor to accept office for a third term, Brother Gorman was elected Grand Treasurer, and has so continued to the present day, 1894. 552 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY At the. meeting held October 22, 1887, at Masonic Hall, Brother Gorman was elected Chairman of the Auxiliary- Executive Committee of the Ladies' Masonic Fair Associa- tion, which did such yeoman service in aiding the ladies in the accomplishment of the great undertaking which resulted so happily and so munificently for the benefit of the Masonic Home. Brother Gorman delivered the address upon the occasion of the opening of the Fair on the after- noon of November 28th, which was responded to so ably by Grand Master Lawrence ; and during the entire three weeks of unremitting labor, Brother Gorman was ever at his post of duty, ready for emergency, rendering most signal aid. Under the civil government, Brother Gorman was for a number of years a police justice in New York City ; in 1890 he was elected sheriff of the city and county of New York, and served in that capacity for a full term of three years. The brother is of portly proportions, genial of nature, affable of manner, and earnest of purpose. CHAELES THOMSON McCLENACHAN, HISTORIAN OF GRAND LODGE, was born on the 13th of April, 1829, in Washington, District of Columbia. He is a descendant of Blair McClenachan, one of the organizers of the First City Troop of Philadelphia, who personally gave $50,000 in gold to the starving Army of the Revolution in 1Y80. His great-grand-uncle, Charles Thomson, after whom he was named, was the Secretary of the Continental Congress during its entire existence. Brother McClenachan was educated in Pennsylvania, and subsequently became a principal teacher in one of the largest educational institutions in New York City. For a year and a half he was an instructor in the West Indies. On return- ing to New York he studied law, and was admitted to prac- tice by the Supreme Court in 1867. He was a member of the Seventh Regiment, National Guard, during the War, and was Quartermaster during most of the full term of service. /s??a $ta**^ HISTORIAN OF GRAND LODGE, NEW YORK. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 553 Brother McClenachan was made a Mason in Munn Lodge, No. 190, February 24, 1854. On the resuscitation of How- ard Lodge, No. 35, in 1856, he was the Senior Deacon, and afterward became the Master. Subsequently he affiliated with Chancellor Walworth Lodge, No. 271. He was exalted in Metropolitan Chapter, No. 140, in 1859, and took the Chivalric Order of the Temple in the same year in Palestine Commandery, No. 18. In the Cryptic Kite he is a member of Union Council, No. 2. Much of his Masonic life has been devoted to the history and philosophy of Masonry. Brother McClenachan is the author of a number of books relating to municipal law, and also of works pertaining to Masonic subjects. He is a member of several social, mili- tary, and literary organizations. He has been an officer of the New York city government for over forty years. MASONIC HOMES have been established in the following States : In New York two, one at Utica, and a German Home at Tappan ; in Ken- tucky, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Missouri, Michigan, Virginia, and Tennessee. The establishment of Charity Funds, or other processes, are being adopted for Masonic Home-relief in North Carolina, Mississippi, Texas, California, Ohio, Ne- braska, Indian Territory, Montana, Louisiana, Oregon, Kan- sas, Alabama, South Carolina, Wisconsin, Connecticut, New Jersey, Arizona, Minnesota, South Dakota, Idaho, and Mary- land. THE MASONIC CODE OF PEOCEDUEE. The new Code of Procedure presented by the Commis- sioners of Appeals, Brother James G. Janeway, Chief Com- missioner, was adopted in 1893. The attention of these officers had been called to this subject by Grand Master William Sherer in 1892. Its many advantageous features are herein presented ; among them may be mentioned the reduction of the number of Sections from 101 to 66. The principal changes related 554 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY " to the reception and reference of complaints against individual brethren ; the elimination of the special answer, and to Appeals." The Code is made much more simple, and freed from the complicities which at times tested the patience and abilities of the legally trained mind. It was thus divided into three parts : Trials ; Appeals ; Eestorations. And for more ready reference and assistance thirty-two forms were provided. MASONIC CODE OF PEOCEDUEE; IN THBEE PAETS, VIZ. : I. TRIALS ; II. APPEALS ; III. RESTORATIONS. [Adapted to the use of Lodges.] PART I. OP TRIALS. DEFINITIONS. Section 1. A Masonic trial is the judicial examination of the issues arising on Complaints for offenses before the Grand Lodge or Commissioners, whether they be issues of law or fact. Sec. 2. Masonic offenses which subject the individual offender to trial and punishment are of four kinds : 1. Offenses against Statutory law, being such as are called crimes, divided into felonies and misdemeanors ; 3. Offenses at common law, not made crimes by any statute ; such as slander ; 3. Offenses against the moral law, not punishable as crime ; such as adultery ; and 4. Offenses against the Constitutions and Laws of Masonry, written or unwritten. Sec 3. The penalties which may be inflicted upon an individual Mason, for an offense, are : 1. Reprimand or censure; 2. Suspension for a definite time; and, 3. Expulsion. Sec. 4. Masonic offenses may also be committed by a Lodge in the par- ticulars defined by the Constitution, and not otherwise, and which are : 1. Contumacy to the authority of the Grand Master or Grand Lodge; 2. Departure from the Ancient Landmarks; IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 555 3. Disobedience to the Constitution, and laws of the jurisdiction ; and 4. Neglecting to meet as a Lodge for one year or more. THE COMPLAINT. Sec. 5, Every individual Mason, and every Lodge accused of a Masonic offense, can be proceeded against only upon written charges called a Com- plaint, and notice thereof ; and each is entitled to a speedy and impartial CFlEtl, Sec. 6. Any Mason in good standing may prefer a complaint to the proper authority against any other individual Mason, or against a Lodge, and may be a witness on the trial.* Sec 7. A complaint must be in writing, and contain an orderly statement of the facts constituting a Masonic offense, and should be brief but compre- hensive, avoiding repetition, and clearly denning the nature of the offense charged, with an accurate specification of the time, place, and circumstances of its alleged commission, f (Forms 1-4.) Sec. 8. The complaint must be presented in open Lodge at a Stated Com- munication, and no action shall be taken thereon until the next Stated Communication of said Lodge, to which all the members of said Lodge shall be regularly summoned. Said summons shall contain a notice to the effect that a complaint has been presented to the Lodge against a brother (but shall not state the name of the brother or the nature of the charges), and that action thereon will be taken at the communication to which the brethren are thereby summoned. If after the presentation and reading of such com- plaint at such summoned communication, a motion is made and adopted that the complaint be received, Commissioners shall be appointed before further proceedings can be had upon the complaint. Sec. 9. The complaint need not be copied in the minutes, but its nature and the name of the accused shall be entered with the fact of its recep- tion and reference, and the names of the Commissioners appointed by the Master. Sec. 10. When such a motion of reception and reference has been adopted, the Master shall forthwith appoint at least three, and not more than five capable and disinterested members of the Lodge as Commissioners. If a brother appointed as Commissioner shall know of any cause which would disqualify him from acting, it is his duty to state it either in open Lodge, or privately to the Master, in order that another may be forthwith sub- stituted. * The Commissioners of Appeals are of the opinion that the only cases in which the Junior Warden as such should necessarily act as prosecutor are those when the charges are preferred by direction of the Lodge, or when the evidence of the offense is communicated to him by some person or persons not members of the Lodge. — Trans. G. L., 1877, page 47. t In every case an accused brother is entitled to know who his real accuser is, and if such accuser be a member of the Lodge, he must sign his name to the charges, and be responsible for them, as well as responsible for the expenses incurred, should he fail to substantiate them. The accuser may employ the Junior 'Warden or any other brother to act as counsel for him by mutual agreement, and so may the accused.— Trans. Cf. L., 1877, page 47. 556 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Sec. 11. The Commissioners shall with due diligence appoint a time and place when and where they will meet for trial, and notify the Secretary of the Lodge thereof, and the said Secretary shall thereupon give due notice to the accused of the time and place of trial. (Form 8.) Sec. 12. It is the duty of the Secretary of the Lodge immediately to serve upon the accused personally a copy of the complaint with a notice annexed (in cases mentioned in Section 16). (Form 5.) Sec. 13. If from any cause the complaint cannot be personally served, then a notice of its presentation,, the nature of the charges it contains, and a notice of the time and place fixed for trial should be sent to accused by mail, or other safe, conveyance, if his residence be known ; if the residence be not known, then, after due and diligent inquiry, the Secretary should leave such notice at the last place of residence, or place of business of the accused, with information that a copy of the complaint will be furnished when demanded by the accused, of the Secretary of the Lodge. (Form 6.) Proof of the service of a copy of the complaint with the notice annexed as required by Section 12, or of the notice required by Section 13, and of the notice of trial shall, in all eases, be made and furnished to the Commissioners on or before the day fixed for the trial. Sec 14. The accused shall, within ten days after service upon him of a copy of the complaint and notice as prescribed by Section 12, and within twenty days after service of the notice as prescribed by Section 13, answer the complaint in writing, and serve a copy thereof upon the Secretary of the Lodge, who shall transmit it to the Commissioners on or before the day fixed for the trial. Sec. 15. The answer shall consist of a concise and orderly statement of the facts constituting the defense of the accused. It may generally deny all the allegations of the complaint ; or it may admit one specification and deny another ; or the charges and specifications may be admitted, and matters set forth in justification, excuse, or extenuation ; or the charges and specifica- tions may be admitted and a denial made that they constitute a Masonic offense. A general denial is sufficient to raise an issue concerning every material allegation in the complaint contained. (Form 7.) TRIALS BY LODGES. Sec. 16. The answer of the accused having been made, the issues are formed, and the Commissioners will proceed with the trial at the time and place appointed by them. They shall organize by appointing one of their number to preside as chairman. Should they fail so to do, the Commis- sioner first named will preside. They shall also choose one of their number to act as clerk to keep the minutes of their proceedings and of the testimony. They should be furnished by the Secretary of the Lodge with a certificate of IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 557 their appointment and the resolution under which it was made under the seal of the Lodge. Sec. 17. Objections to any of the Commissioners on the ground of bias, or for any other reason, shall be made to the Commissioners on the first day of the trial and before testimony shall have been taken. Sec. 18. The Commissioners shall first proceed to hear any motions upon the pleadings, if any there be ; then they will proceed to receive and hear the evidence in the case. Sec. 19. Evidence is the means by which any alleged matter of fact, the truth of which is submitted to investigation, is established or disproved ; and the rules of evidence, including those which relate to the admissibility of the testimony and the competency of witnesses, to be observed by Com- missioners are such as have been established and are recognized in courts of law in the ordinary administration of justice, and cannot be set forth in detail here. Sec 20. There are certain great principles of evidence, however, which may be briefly stated, and which if properly regarded will be sufficient guides in Masonic trials, and which are : 1. That each party to a trial is bound to produce the best and highest evidence in his power to establish or disprove any alleged matter of fact. 2. That to establish or disprove any alleged matter of fact, the matter to which a witness testifies must be within his actual personal knowl- edge ; and that the substance of the issue must be proved by the facts so testified, or such a series of facts (commonly called circum- stantial evidence) as, combined, will lead to an irresistible con- clusion, establishing or disproving an alleged matter of fact. 3. That the burden of proof always rests with the party holding the affirmative, and hence, in a Masonic trial, lies upon the complainant first ; and in a like manner, when a defense is based upon substan- tive matters of fact, the burden of proof lies upon the accused ; and, therefore, when the testimony in a case is balanced, the party hold- ing the affirmative must fail. 4. That every material allegation in a complaint must be proved, and substantially as laid ; but need not precisely conform to the charge in matters of time and place, unless time and place are themselves necessary to constitute an offense or to confer jurisdiction. 5. That hearsay evidence is inadmissible, except to prove general repu- tation, which can only be known by the common speech of others ; and that, in eliciting facts from a witness, leading questions are not permitted. 6 That confessions and admissions are to be received with great caution, and that no conviction can follow such proof, without further proof that the offense charged has been committed ; but this does not apply when a plea of guilty is made to the complaint-for that admits the commission of the offense itself, and its commission by the accused. 558 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 7. That there are certain things of which Commissioners may judicially take notice without proof, such as facts in history, or geography, or any science, and the operation of the laws of nature. 8. That but one witness is necessary to establish a fact or series of facts within his knowledge, except when the rules of criminal law require an additional witness. 9. That no witness is to be excluded on the ground of religious belief, or of interest ; and that the accused is a competent witness in his own behalf. 10. That each party is entitled to be confronted by the witnesses called by his adversary and afforded an opportunity for cross-examina- tion. Affidavits therefore are not to be received as evidence concern- ing the issues involved upon the trial, unless upon agreement of both parties. Sec. 21. When a person accused of an offense, Masonically, has been con- victed of the same offense upon trial in a court of law, or when the fact of the commission of the same offense by the accused has been judicially estab- lished in a civil action, it is unnecessary to repeat the evidence in a Masonic trial ; but the record of such court, properly certified with proof of identity of the accused, shall be sufficient to justify a conviction by Commissioners, unless an appeal shall be taken from the judgment of such court, and said appeal remains undetermined. Sec. 22. In Masonic trials and proceedings thereupon, the following rules should be observed by the Commissioners : 1. (as) Statement of the challenges to the Commissioners, or any of them, the proof offered to sustain such challenge or challenges, and the decisions thereon. (5) Statements of motions upon the pleadings, the grounds thereof, and the decision of the Commissioners thereon. (c) The statement of objections to questions asked by the parties or their counsel, to answers to questions, and objections as to the admissi- bility of evidence, with the grounds of them, and the decision of the Commissioners thereon. 2. The respective parties may have counsel, but no attorney or counsel not being a Mason shall be permitted to act in a Masonic trial. Witnesses who are Masons testify by virtue of their obligations as such ; other witnesses must sign their names to their testimony, and verify it before some officer duly authorized to administer an oath. The credibility of witnesses depends upon their general character, which may be impeached. 3. No testimony shall be taken or received upon any trial, when the accused appears in person or by counsel at the trial, except in the ■ presence of the accused or his counsel, and an opportunity given to them for cross-examination. The testimony of witnesses must be taken down as nearly as possible in the words of the witness, and as if speaking in the first person. 4. Adjournments may not be made sine die, but must be to a time and IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 559 place fixed by the Commissioners at the session at which such adjournment is ordered. 5. Every motion and objection, and the decision thereon, and every pro- ceeding upon trial, including the time and place of adjournment, should be carefully noted in the minutes. 6. No person shall be permitted to be present at a Masonic trial but Master Masons, except a witness, and he only while testifying. 7. A Masonic trial should be conducted in all respects as near as may be like the trial of an action of a criminal nature in a court of record, and be governed by the same general rules. (Form 18.) 8. When a trial is concluded, the Commissioners shall deliberate by themselves until a conclusion is reached, without other persons being present. The decision should be made as speedily as possible, of which notice in writing shall be given to the respective parties as hereinafter prescribed. 9. Upon a trial or appeal, should either party desire to use any paper, document, or record, in possession or under control of the other, and the use of the same be refused, upon request made, an order may be made by the Grand Master, his Deputy, or a District Deputy, requiring its production or the delivery of an authenticated copy thereof, as such officer may determine. (Form 19.) 10. When the accused fails to appear, or answer, testimony must be taken in the same manner as if he appeared and defended, and with even more technical accuracy, fullness, and certainty ; and, in such cases, some competent brother should be designated by the Com- missioners and required to appear for the accused, and to see that he have a fair and impartial trial. (Form 25.) 11. It shall be deemed in all cases a disqualification for a Commissioner to act, that he is a witness to prove any fact which proves or dis- proves, or tends to prove or disprove, the guilt or innocence of the accused. WITNESSES. — COMMISSIONERS TO TAKE TESTIMONY. Sec. 23. The attendance of witnesses on either side, when they are Masons, may be enforced by summons. A summons for this purpose may be issued by the Master of any Lodge upon the request of either party. But such summons shall not Joe issued in blank, but shall bear the name or names of the witnesses whose attendance is desired before receiving the signature of such Master. (Form 9.) Sec 24. A brother disobeying such summons is liable to discipline in the same manner as for disobedience to any other summons. The person serv- ing such summons should note upon it when and how it was served, whether personally or otherwise. Sec. 25. If the testimony of a witness is desired by either party, of one who resides at a distance from the place of trial, they may agree to take the testimony of such witness by commission. (Form 12.) If, however, the 560 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY parties do not agree to the issuance of sueh commission, then the party desiring the commission may apply to the Commissioners, upon reasonable notice to the adverse party of his intention so to do, for a commission to take the testimony of such witness or witnesses. (Form 10.) Sec. 26. If the Commissioners determine that the testimony of the wit- ness or witnesses sought to be taken by commission is material to the appli- cant, and that the application is made in good faith, then they shall issue a commission to the Master or a Warden of the nearest or most convenient Lodge to the residence of the witness or witnesses to act as examiner. (Form 11.) Sec. 27. At the time of the hearing on the application for a commission, or at such other time as shall be agreed upon or appointed by the Commis- sioners, the parties shall prepare and submit to the Commissioners (or one of their number designated by them) their respective interrogatories and cross-interrogatories for settlement. (Forms 13-14.) Sec 28. When the interrogatories and cross-interrogatories shall have been settled as prescribed in the preceding section, the commission, with a copy of the complaint, interrogatories and cross-interrogatories annexed, shall be sent to the examiner. Sec. 29. Upon receipt of the commission, the examiner shall fix a time and place for the taking of the testimony of the witness or witnesses named in the commission. He shall procure the attendance of such witness or wit- nesses at the time and place so fixed by him, and shall proceed with the taking of the testimony under the commission. The examiner shall read to each witness the several interrogatories and cross-interrogatories addressed to him, and take down in writing the answers of the witness thereto in the language of such witness, and shall cause each witness to sign his name at the end of his deposition. (Form 15.) Sec 30. When tbe examiner shall have finished the taking of the testi- mony of the witness or witnesses named in the commission, he shall certify the same and return the commission and depositions with due diligence to the Commissioners. (Form 16.) JUDGMENT. Sec 31. When the Commissioners shall have reached a determination upon the issue involved in the case, they shall make their report of the facts found by them, and their determination upon the matter. They shall give notice thereof to each of the parties, and in all cases cause a copy of their report to be at once filed with the Grand Secretary. (Forms 19-22.) Sec 32. A majority of the Commissioners must concur in the judgment of the commisjsion. If the report be not unanimous, the dissenting Com- missioner may express his dissent therefrom either at the end of the majority report or in a separate minority report. (Form 21.) The conclusions reached by the Commissioners shall be : 1. As to the guilt or innocence of the accused. 2. If the accused be found guilty the penalty recommended by the commission in the form of resolutions for the definite action of the Lodge. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 561 Sec. 33. When the report of the Commissioners shall have been made to the Lodge, the Master shall cause the brethren to be summoned to a Stated Communication thereof. The summons shall contain a notice to the effect that the report of the Commissioners will be considered. Sec. 34. If the resolutions annexed to the report of the Commissioners are adopted at such communication of the Lodge to which all the brethren thereof have been summoned as prescribed by the preceding section, then the resolutions annexed to the Commissioners' report shall stand as the judg- ment in the case, until properly reversed. Sec. 35. A majority vote of the members of the Lodge present at such stated communication shall be sufficient to adopt or reject the decision of the Commissioners as to the guilt of the accused. The Lodge may, by the same vote, reverse the decision of the Commissioners in every particular ; or it may modify or change it by increasing or diminishing the pen- alty. Sec. 36. If the accused be absent from the Lodge at such stated commu- nication when action upon the report of the Commissioners is taken, it shall be the duty of the Secretary forthwith to transmit to him a copy of the resolutions adopted by the Lodge in his case, with a notice of such action. TRIALS B? GRAND LODGE COMMISSION. Sec. 37. Proceedings in cases provided for by Section 58 of the Constitu- tion, in which Trial Commissioners can be appointed by the Grand Master or District Deputy Grand Master only, will be conducted in like manner as in cases where the Commissioners are appointed by the Master of a Lodge, except in the particulars mentioned in Sections 38 to 42, following : Sec. 38. Complaints in the case of an unaffiliated Mason, where the Grand Lodge has exclusive jurisdiction ; against a Lodge ; against a Master ; by one Lodge against another Lodge ; or by a member of one Lodge against a member of another Lodge, should be distinctly addressed to the Grand Master or the District Deputy Grand Master having jurisdiction of the offense charged. Such complaints should be definite and specific in their nature, conforming to constitutional and legal provisions, and are to be acted upon by Commissioners appointed by such Grand Officer. Sec. 39. The Trial Commissioners appointed in cases referred to in Section 38 will prescribe the penalty as in a case of Commissioners appointed by the Master of a Lodge, and the decision of such Commissioners is final, unless an appeal is taken therefrom within the time prescribed by the Statutes of the Grand Lodge. Sec. 40. The report of Commissioners in cases mentioned in Section 38 must be made to the Grand Officer appointing them, and notice thereof will be given by the Commissioners to the parties and to the Lodge of which the defendant (if appellant) is a member. (Form 24.) Sec. 41. The report of Commissioners in cases mentioned in Section 38 shall contain findings of fact and their conclusions therefrom in an award of judgment, in the nature of both a verdict and sentence. (Form 23.) vol. iv. — 36 562 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Sec. 42. Notices of judgment in cases mentioned in Section 38 must be served in the same manner as the complaint, the time to appeal commencing to run from the time of such service. PART II. OF APPEALS. Sec. 43. A Masonic appeal is a proceeding before the Grand Lodge or the Grand Master, by which the acts and decisions of a Lodge or Commissioners upon a trial, or upon a first appeal, are reviewed, in order to arrest errors of law or fact alleged to have been made by the Grand Master, a Lodge, or Commissioners, from whose decisions and judgment the appeal is taken, so that justice may be done to all parties concerned ; and such appeal may be brought by any party alleging himself aggrieved thereby. Sec. 44. Appeals from the judgment of a Lodge or from the decisions of Commissioners must be taken and perfected within the time and in the manner prescribed by Section 68 of the Statutes. The appellant, upon service of notice on the respondent, may apply to the Grand Master, who may, in his discretion, stay the execution of any judgment, penalty, or sen- tence based upon the report or findings of the Trial Commissioners, until the hearing and final determination of the appeal. Sec. 45. An appeal from the judgment of a Lodge or from the decision of Trial Commissioners appointed by a Grand Officer may be taken to the Grand Lodge direct or to the Grand Master. If taken to the Grand Master, an appeal from his decision may be taken by the party alleging himself to be aggrieved thereby, to the Grand Lodge. The decision of the Grand Master is final, unless a further appeal be taken to the Grand Lodge, as prescribed by Section 68 of the Statutes. Sec. 46. An appeal may be taken from the decision or judgment as a whole, or from any part thereof. When an appeal is brought, it should contain in detail the grounds of appeal. (Form 27.) Sec. 47. A copy of the appeal must, in all eases, be served upon the Grand Secretary. When the appeal is from the judgment of the Lodge, a copy of the appeal must be served upon the Lodge or other complainant. When the appeal is from the decision of Trial Commissioners appointed by the Grand Master or Grand Officer, a copy must be served upon the respondent. Sec. 48. When an appeal is taken to the Grand Lodge direct or from a decision of the Grand Master, the appeal must be served upon the Grand Secretary at least thirty days prior to the first day of the Annual Communi- cation of the Grand Lodge at which such appeal is to be brought on for review ; and, when the appeal is direct to the Grand Lodge, from the judg- ment of a Lodge or from the decision of the Trial Commissioners, a copy of such appeal must be served upon the Lodge or other respondent within the same time. Sec. 49. On receiving notice of an intention to appeal, or the appeal in form, the Secretary of the Lodge will at once transmit to the Grand Secre- tary a copy of all papers in the case (from the complaint to the notice of appeal, both inclusive), duly certified and attested. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 563 Sec. 50. Notice of argument of appeal shall, in all cases, be given, and may be given by either party. Such notice must be served upon the oppos- ing party at least ten days before the day fixed when the appeal is to be brought on for argument. (Form 28.) Sec. 51. When a perfect transcript of all the papers and proceedings in the case has not -been made by the Lodge or Commissioners appealed from, an order may be made by the Grand Master, or any District Deputy Grand Master, upon application of either party, compelling the same to be forth- with done. (Form 29.) Sec. 52. The Grand Lodge (Commission of Appeals), or the Grand Mas- ter, if the appeal is made to him, may hear the same upon oral or written arguments, as the parties may determine to present their respective cases. Sec. 53. The Grand Lodge or Grand Master to whom the appeal be taken (as the case may be) will, with all convenient dispatch, make a decision thereon ; and if made by the Grand Master, such decision should be immedi- ately filed by him with the Grand Secretary, together with all papers upon which the appeal was heard. And when an appeal is taken from the decision of the Grand Master, the appeal will be heard on such papers only. Sec. 54. The Grand Secretary shall, upon receiving the decision of the Grand Lodge or the Grand Master, upon an appeal, notify the parties thereto of such decision with all convenient dispatch. (Form 31.) Sec. 55. The time within which proceedings on Masonic trials and appeals, for answers, notices, etc., shall be taken, are as follows : 1. For answer to complaint when served personally, ten days ; when served as prescribed by Section 13, twenty days ; 2. For notice of trial before Commissioners, ten days ; 3. For notice of application for Commission to examine witnesses, four days ; 4. For preparation of cross-interrogatories, two days ; 5. For notice of settlement of interrogatories and cross-interrogatories, two days ; 6. For notice of decision to be five days before time of presentation of report of Commissioners to a Lodge or Grand Officer ; 7. For notice of appeal, thirty days after notice of decision ; 8. For serving appeal, as prescribed by Section 49, thirty days ; 9. For notice of argument on appeal, ten days. But when a complaint or notice is sent by mail, five days shall be added to the time specified in each case above. The time in each of the cases specified may be enlarged on sufficient cause shown, by order made by the Grand Master, or a District Deputy Grand Master. Of course, the time in each case may be enlarged or diminished by consent of parties. Sec. 56. In computing the time within which an act must be done, the first day shall be excluded and the last included. If the last day is Sunday or a public holiday, it must be excluded. When the act is required to be done 564 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY within two days, and an intervening day is Sunday or a public holiday, it must also be excluded. Sec. 57. When service of a notice or other paper is required to be made upon a Lodge, service of such notice or other paper upon the Master or Secretary thereof shall be deemed sufficient service. PART III. OP RESTORATION. Sec. 58. A brother having been tried and convicted, and the penalty inflicted, will, if he is attached to Freemasonry and its principles, desire to be restored to his former position ; and the demands of justice having been satisfied, mercy should be remembered. Sec. 59. Restoration is the act by which an erring but repentant brother regains a title to and possession of all his former rights and privileges. Sec. 60. Restoration being a voluntary act on the part of a Lodge or Grand Lodge, cannot be claimed as a matter of right, and can therefore never be compelled or enforced. Sec. 61. As the penalties of reprimand and suspension are only temporary in their effect, and a brother becomes fully restored to all former rights and privileges, when he has suffered the penalty for such offenses, restoration only applies to those who have been expelled, except in cases of unaffiliation for non-payment of dues, now so modified as to be unnecessary to be here considered. Sec. 62. A reversal of the judgment of a Lodge restores a brother to the rights and privileges of Masonry, and also to membership in the Lodge. Sec 63. Restoration by the action of the Grand Lodge does not restore a brother to membership in the Lodge, which can only be done by action of the Lodge of which he was a member. Sec. 64. The Grand Lodge may restore a brother after the lapse of one year from the time of expulsion, but in such ease he remains unaffiliated until restored to membership by the Lodge. Sec. 65. An application for restoration having been presented to Grand Lodge, will be referred to a Committee (on Grievances, probably), and it is proper and necessary that notice should be given by the Committee to the Master of the Lodge that expelled such applicant, in order that such Master may be heard before the Committee. (Form 32.) Sec. 66. If the Committee report favorably, the adoption of its report by the Grand Lodge by a majority vote restores the applicant to the rights and privileges of Masonry, without further action, IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 565 LIST OF LODGES IN GOOD STANDING, UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE GRAND LODGE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, THEIR LOCATIONS AND DISTRICTS. No. Lodge. Location. District. 1 St. John's New York 4 2 Ind. Royal Arch ! New York 4 3 Mount Vernon Albany 12 4 St. Patrick's Johnstown 14 5 Masters' Albany 12 6 St. George's Schenectady 12 7 Hudson Hudson 12 8 Holland New York 4 9 Unity Lebanon Springs 12 10 Kingston Kingston 10 11 Lodge of Antiquity New York * 4 12 Trinity New York 28 13 Apollo Troy 12 14 Temple Albany 12 15 Western Star Bridgewater 17 16 Prince of Orange New York 4 17 L'Union Francaise New York 29 19 Fortitude Brooklyn 3 20 Pioneer New York 4 21 Washington New York 4 22 St. John's Greenfield Center 13 23 Adelphi New York 4 26 Albion New York ." 4 27 Mount Moriah New York 4 28 Benevolent New York 4 30 Dirigo New York 4 31 Lotus New York 4 32 Warren Schultzville 9 33 Ark . . .Arkansas 21 34 Courtlandt Peekskill 9 35 Howard New York 4 39 Olive Branch Leroy 22 40 Olive Branch Frankfort 14 41 Sylvan Moravia 19 44 EveningStar HorneUsville 23 45 Union Lima 22 46 Huguenot New Rochelle 9 47 Utica Utica 17 48 Ark Coxsackie 11 49. Watertown Watertown 16 50 Concord New York 4 566 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY No. Lodge. Location. District. 51 Fidelity Ithaca 20 53 Brownville ■ Brownville 16 54 German Union New York 28 55 Granville Granville 13 56 Hohenlinden Brooklyn 3 58 Phoenix Lansingburgh 12 60 Suffolk Port Jefferson 1 62 Manhattan New York 4 63 Morton Hempstead 1 64 La Fayette New York 4 65 Morning Star Canisteo 23 66 Richmond Port Richmond 27 67 Mariners' New York .• 4 68 Montgomery New York 4 69 Naval New York 4 70 John Hancock New York 4 73 Lockport Lockport 24 75 Evening Star West Troy 12 79 Hamilton Canajoharie 14 82 Phoebus New Berlin 18 83 Newark Newark 21 84 Artisan Amsterdam 14 85 Washington Albany 16 86 Pythagoras New York 28 87 Schodack Union E. Schodack ' 12 90 Franklin Ballston Spa 13 91 King Solomon's Primitive Troy 12 93 Military Manlius 19 94 Lodge of Strict Observance New York 4 95 Union Elmira 20 96 Phoenix Whitehall 13 97 Renovation Albion 24 98 Columbia Chatham 12 103 Rising Sun Saratoga Springs 13 104 Lewis Howard 23 105 Hiram Buffalo 25 106 Manitou , New York 4 107 North Star Brushton 15 108 Milo Penn Yan 21 109 Valley Rochester 22 110 Scipio Aurora 19 111 St. Lawrence Canton 15 112 Steuben Bath 23 113 Seneca Waterloo 21 114 Union Ovid 21 115 Phoenix Dansville 22 IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 567 No. Lodge. Location. District. 116 Cohoes Cohoes 12 117 Painted Post Corning 23 118 Addison Union Addison 23 119 Oasis Prattsville 11 120 Hamilton Hamilton 17 121 Glens Palls Glens Palls 13 122 Mount Morris Mount Morris 22 123 Dundee Dundee 21 124 St. Paul's Auburn 19 126 Eastern Light Greene 18 127 Oswego Oswego 19 128 Ogdensburgh Ogdensburgh 15 129 Sanger Waterville 17 130 Port Byron Port Byron 19 131 Myrtle Havana 20 132 Niagara Frontier Niagara Falls 24 134 Lowville Lowville 16 135 Saekett's Harbor Saokett's Harbor 16 136 Mexico Mexico 19 137 Anglo-Saxon Brooklyn 3 138 Otsego Cooperstown 18 139 Milnor Victor 21 140 Clinton Waterford 13 141 Cato Cato 19 142 Morning Sun Port Henry. 30 143 Concordia Buffalo 25 144 Hiram Fulton 19 145 Mount Moriah Jamestown 26 146 Western Union Belfast 23 147 Warren Union Springs 19 148 Sullivan Chittenango 17 149 Au Sable River Keeseville 30 150 Sauquoit Sauquoit 17 151 Sentinel Greenwood 23 152 Hanover Forrestville 26 153 Friendship Owego 20 '154 Penfield Union Penfield 22 155 Clinton Plattsburgh. 30 156 Ocean Ocean 4 157 Trumansburgh Trumansburgh 20 158 Carthage Carthage 16 159 Pultneyville Williamson 21 160 Seneca River Baldwinsville 19 161 Erie Buffalo 25 162 Schuyler's Lake Schuyler's Lake 18 163 Yonnondio Rochester 22 568 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY No. Lodge. Location. District. 164 Philanthropic Camden 17 165 Boonville Boonville 17 -166 Forest Fredonia . . . 26 167 Susquehanna Bainbridge 18 168 Montour Painted Post 23 169 Clinton Clinton 17 171 Lafargeville Lafargeville 16 172 Chaumont Chaumont 16 173 Monroe Brockport 22 174 Theresa Theresa 16 175 Oxford Oxford 18 176 Montezuma Montezuma 19 177 Binghamton ■. Binghamton 18 178 Atlantic New York 5 179 German Pilgrim New York 28 180 Westchester Sing Sing 9 181 Little Falls Little Falls 14 182 Germania New York 28 183 Farmerville Farmer 21 184 Turin Turin 16 185 Independent New York 5 187 Darcy New York 5 188 Marsh Brooklyn 2 190 Munn New York 5 191 Lebanon New York 5 193 Ulster Saugerties 10 194 Piatt New York 5 195 Excelsior New York 5 196 Solomon's Tarrytown 9 197 York New York 5 198 Sileutia New York 5 199 Harmony New York 28 200 Sincerity Phelps 21 201 Joppa Brooklyn. 3 202 Zschokke New York 28 203 Templar New York 5 204 Palestine New York 5 205 Hyatt New York 2 206 Empire City New York 5 207 United States New York 5 208 Cyrus New York 5 209 National New York 5 210* Worth New York 5 211 Pocahontas Seneca Falls 21 213 Racket River Potsdam 15 214 Geneseo Geneseo 22 IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 569 No. Lodge. Location. District. 216 Franklin Westville Center 15 217 Gouverneur Gouverneur 15 218 Hartland Johnston Creek 24 219 Summit Westfleld 26 221 Cayuga Scipio 19 223 Roman Rome 17 224 Oriental Utica 17 225 Allegany Friendship 23 226 Antwerp Antwerp 16 227 Eastern Star New York 5 228 Enterprise New York 5 229 Oriona Fillmore 23 230 Wellsville Wellsville 23 231 Canastota Canastota 17 232 Navigator New York 28 233 Pacific New York 5 234 Rising Sun Adams 16 235 Keystone New York 5 236 Philipstown Cold Spring 9 237 Champlain Champlain 30 238 Orient Copenhagen 16 239 Cattaraugus Salamanca 26 240 Washington Buffalo 25 241 Constitution New York 5 243 Eureka New York 5 244 Hope New York 5 245 Polar Star New York 5 246 Arcana New York 5 247 Tonawanda Tonawanda 25 248 Palmyra Palmyra 21 249 Charter Oak New York 5 250 John D. Willard New York 5 252 Olean Olean 26 253 Old Oak Millport 20 254 Walworth ; Walworth 21 255 Living Stone .' Colden 25 256 Fort Brewerton Brewerton 19 257 Mount Neboh New York 5 258 Macedonia Bolivar 23 259 Sisco Westport 30 260 Mount Hope Fort Ann 13 261 Evans Angola 25 262 Phoenix Gowanda 26 263 Mount Vernon North Java 22 264 Baron Steuben Delta ■ 17 265 Speedsville Speedsville 20 570 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY No. Lodge. Location. District. 266 Poughkeepsie Poughkeepsie 9 267 Fort Edward Fort Edward 13 268 Hermann New York 28 270 Oneida Oneida 17 271 Chancellor Walworth New York 5 272 Mystic Tie New York 6 273 Metropolitan New York 6 274 Arcturus New York 6 275 Sylvan Grove New York 6 276 Mohawk Valley Mohawk 14 277 Henry Clay New York 6 278 Marion "West Farms 6 279 King Solomon New York 28 280 Doric New York 6 282 Otego Union Otego 18 283 Beacon Matteawan 9 284 Baltic Brooklyn 2 285 George Washington New York 6 286 Montauk Brooklyn 3 287 Continental New York 6 288 Brooklyn Brooklyn 3 289 St. Andrew's Hobart 11 290 Spencer Spencer 20 291 Northern Constellation Malone 15 292 Parish Buffalo 25 293 Cape Vincent Cape Vincent 16 294 Canandaigiia Canandaigua 21 295 Cataract Middleport 24 296 Clayton Clayton 16 297 Alexandria Alexandria Bay 16 298 Fish House Northville 14 299 Keshequa Nunda 22 300 Garoga Rockwood 14 301 Irondequoit Dunkirk 26 302 Norwich Norwich 18 303 Sylvan St. Clairville . 26 304 Schiller Brooklyn 28 305 Central City Syracuse 19 306 Cuba Cuba 23 307 Ellicottville Ellicottville 26 308 Seneca Lake Dresden 21 309 Newburgh Newburgh 10 310 Lexington Brooklyn 3 311 Mount Zion Troy 12 313 Stony Point Haverstraw 10 315 Wawayanda Piermont 10 IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 571 No. Lodge. Location. District. 316 Atlas New York 6 317 Neptune New York 6 318 Joseph Enos Rushford 23 319 Black Lake Morristown 15 320 Union Star Honeoye Falls 22 321 St. Nicholas New York 6 322 Star of Bethlehem Brooklyn 3 323 Amity. New York 6 324 Freedom Unadilla 18 325 Republican Parish 19 326 Salem Town Cayuga 19 327«Acacia New York 6 328 Port Jervis Port Jervis . . . 10 329 Zerubbabel New York 6 330 New York New York 6 331 Hornellsville Hornellsville 23 332 Jefferson Watkins 20 333 Westbrook Nichols 20 334 Cherry Valley Cherry Valley 18 335 Widow's Son Livingston 12 336 Medina Medina 24 337 Greenbush Greenbush 12 338 Putnam .' New York 6 339 Puritan New York 6 340 Modestia Buffalo 25 341 Clyde Clyde 21 3 *2 Lily New York 6 343 Rondout Rondout 10 345 Lodi Lodi .* 21 347 Hampton West Moreland 17 348 Adelphie New York 6 349 Peconic Greenport 1 350 Chemung Valley Chemung 20 351 Springville Springville 25 352 Homer Homer 19 354 Progressive Brooklyn 2 355 Jerusalem Lansingburg 12 356 United Brothers New York 28 357 Caneadea Caneadea 23 358 Queen City Buffalo 25 359 Randolph Randolph 26 360 Af ton Af ton 18 361 Central Brooklyn 3 362 Valatie Valatie 12 363 Evergreen Springaeld Center 18 364 Horse Heads Horse Heads 20 572 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY No. Lodge. Location. District. 365 Goshen Goshen 10 367 Corner Stone Brooklyn 2 368 Croton Putnam 9 369 Callimachus Phoenix 19 371 Sagamore New York 6 372 Sandy Hill Sandy Hill 13 373 La Sincerity New York \ 29 374 Monumental Tivoli 9 375 Niagara Lockport 24 376 Ontario Wilson _ 24 377 Rushyille Rushville 21 378 Big Flats Big Flats • 20 379 Oakland Castile 22 380 Murray Holley 24 381 Huguenot Tottenville 27 382 Long Island Brooklyn 3 383 Aurora Fort Covington 15 384 Cherry Creek Cherry Creek 26 385 Weedsport Weedsport 19 386 Jordan Jordan 19 387 La Fraternidad New York 29 388 Upper Lisle Upper Lisle 18 389 Margaretville Margaretville 11 391 Salem Salem 13 392 Sodus Sodus 21 393 Waddington , Waddington 15 394 Cobleskill CobleskiU 11 395 Amber Parishville 15 396 Deposit ". Deposit 18 397 Ivy Elmira 20 398 Home Northumberland 13 399 Maine Maine 18 400 Van Rensselaer Hoosick Falls 12 402 Crescent New York 6 403 Greenpoint Brooklyn 2 404 Constellation Perry 22 406 Humanity Lyons ' 21 407 Warerly Waverly 20 408 City New York . . . . 6 409 Commonwealth Brooklyn 3 410 La C16mente Amitie Cosmopolite. . . .New York 29 411 Candor Candor 20 412 Hoffman Middletown 10 413 West Star Varysburg 22 414 Scriba Constantia 19 415 Pulaski Pulaski 19 IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 573 No. Lodge. Location. District. 416 Wayne Ontario 21 417 Wadsworth Albany 12 418 Mosaic New York 6 419 Arcade Arcade 22 420 New London New London 17 421 Genoa King's Perry 19 422 Prontier City Oswego 19 423 Herkimer Herkimer 14 425 Warrensburg Warrensburg 13 426 Northfleld Pittsford 22 427 Cascade Oak Hill 11 428 High Palls Colton 15 429 Gloversville Gloversville 14 430 Star of Hope Brooklyn 2 431 Auburn Auburn 19 432 Rhinebeck Rhinebeck 9 433 Port Plain Fort Plain 14 434 Hiawatha Mount Vernon 9 435 Otseningo Binghamton 18 437 Wamponamon Sag Harbor 1 438 Marathon Marathon 19 439 Delhi Delhi 11 440 Vienna Vienna 17 441 Lodge of the Ancient Landmarks . . . Buffalo 25 442 Windsor Windsor 18 444 Sherburne Sherburne 18 445 Cassia Brooklyn 2 446 Oltmans Brooklyn 2 447 Franklin New York 6 449 Hiram New York 6 450 Rising Star Yonkers 9 451 Delta Brooklyn 3 452 Ancient City Albany 12 453 Clinton Brooklyn 2 454 Kane New York 6 455 Newport Newport 14 456 Senate Glens Palls 13 457 Harlem New York 7 458 Shekomeko Washington Hollow 9 459 Urbana Hammondsport 23 461 Yew Tree Brooklyn 2 462 Attica Attica 22 463 Lamoka Tyrone 20 464 Downsville Downsville 11 466 Oneonta Oneonta 18 467 Greenwich New York 7 574 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY No. Lodge. Location. District. 468 Catskill Catskill 11 470 Cortlandville Cortland 19 471 Tompkins Stapleton 27 472 Dryden Dryden 20 473 White Plains White Plains 9 474 Belmont Belmont 23 475 Batavia Batavia 22 476 Fairport % Fairport 22 477 Wildwood .' Edwards 15 478 Dansville South Dansville 23 479 Etolian Spencerport 22 480 Webotuck Millerton 9 481 Cambridge Valley Cambridge 13 482 Richfield Springs Richfield Springs 18 483 Zeredatha Brooklyn 3 484 Columbian New York 7 485 Stella Brooklyn 3 486 Ionic New York 7 487 Tecumseh New York 7 488 Corinthian New York 7 489 Manahatta New York 7 490 Pyramid New York 7 491 Schoharie Valley Schoharie 11 492 Wyoming Westchester 9 493 South Side Patehogue 1 494 Jephtha Huntington 1 496 Groton Groton 20 497 Glendale Pottersville 13 498 De Molay Buffalo 25 499 Deer River North Lawrence 15 500 Hermon Hermon 15 501 Syracuse Syracuse. 19 504 Montgomery Stillwater 13 505 Northern Light West Chazy 30 506 Rodman Rodman 16 507 Genesee Falls Rochester 22 508 Herschel Hartford 13 509 Lindenwald Stuyvesant Falls 12 510 Liberty Cabacton 23 511 Kings County Brooklyn 3 512 Humboldt New York 28 513 Massena Massena 15 514 Zion Orchard Park 25 515 Butternuts Gilbertsville 18 516 Park New York 7 517 Frontier Chateaugay 15 IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 575 No. Lodge. Location. District. 519 Architect New York 7 520 Salt Springs Syracuse 19 521 Callicoon •. Jeffersonville 10 522 Skaneateles Skaneateles 17 523 Normal New York 9 524 Morning Star Marcellus 19 525 Liverpool Liverpool 19 526 Henrietta . West Henrietta 22 527 Akron Akron 25 528 Monitor New York 7 529 Mountain Windham 11 531 Pultonville Pultonville 14 532 Monticello Monticello 10 533 Round Hill Union 18 534 Tioga Smithboro 20 535 Americus New York 7 536 Nassau Brooklyn 3 537 Gramercy New York 7 538 Webster Webster 22 539 Payette Payette 21 540 Hill Grove Brooklyn 2 541 Brasher Brasher Palls 15 542 Garibaldi New York 29 543 Triluminar Pike 22 544 Warwick Warwick 10 545 Copernicus Brooklyn 28 546 Jamaica Jamaica 1 547 Cameron Mills Cameron Mills 23 548 Laurens Laurens 18 549 Warsaw Warsaw 22 550 Hannibal Hannibal 19 551 Ransomville Ransomville 24 552 Hancock Hancock 11 553 Farmers' West Burlington 18 554 Working Jefferson 11 555 Diamond Dobbs Perry 9 556 North Bangor North Bangor 15 557 James M. Austin Greenville 11 558 Andover Andover 23 559 Walton Walton 11 560 Red Creek Wolcott 21 561Delaware Callicoon Depot 10 562 Pranklin Pranklin 11 563 Cornucopia Flushing 1 564 Sandy Creek Sandy Creek 19 565 Guiding Star New York 7 576 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY No. Lodge. Location. District. 566 Russell Russell 15 567 Argyle Argyle 13 568 St. Cecile New York ; 7 569 Greenwood Brooklyn 3 570 Avon Springs Avon 22 571 Coeur de Lion Rocksbury ' 11 572 Mount Hermon Ellenburg 30 573 De Peyster De Peyster 15 574 Bedford ..■ Brooklyn 3 575 Olive Sherman 26 576 Pessler New York 28 577 Elk Nicholville 15 578 Payetteville Payetteville 19 579 Portville Portville 26 580 Glen Cove Glen Cove 1 581 Winfield "WesfWinfield. . . \ 14 582 Wawarsing Ellenville 10 583 Prattsburg Prattsburg 23 584 Ashlar Greenwich 13 585 Cosmopolitan Brooklyn 3 586 Island City Long Island City 1 587 Ahwaga Owego 20 588 Globe New York 7 589 Ramapo Suffern 10 590 Rose Rose < 21 591 Ilion Ilion 14 592 Schenevus Valley Schenevus 18 594 Alden Alden 25 595 Socrates , New York 28 596 Hopewell Hopewell Junction 9 597 Western Light Lisle 18 598 Tabernacle New York 7 599 Kennyetto Broadalbin 14 600 Evangelist New York 7 601 Altair Brooklyn 3 602 Adirondack. Elizabeth Town 30 603 Astor New York 7 604 Perfect Ashlar New York 7 605 Tienuderrah Morris 18 606 Masonville Masonville 11 607 Hudson River Newburg 10 608 Lessing Brooklyn 28 610 Ivanhoe 1 New York 7 611 St. Johnsville St. tfohnsyille 14 612 Hillsdale Hillsdale 12 613 Cleveland Cleveland 19 IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 577 No. Lodgo. Location. District. 614 Newark Valley Newark Valley 20 615 Stissing Pine Plains 9 616 Cazenovia Cazenovia 17 617 Teutonia New York 28 618 Tyrian Brooklyn 2. 619 Eagle Honeoye 21* 620 Clinton P. Paige Otto 26 621 Orange Monterey 20 622 Central Square Central Square 19 624 Sharon Springs Sharon Springs 11 625 Fraternal Hamburg 25 626 Franklinville Franklinville 26 627 Walkill Walden 10 628 Citizens' New York 7 629 Goethe New York 28 630 Gilboa Gilboa 11 631 Girard New York 7 633 Richville Richville 15 634 Scotia New York 7 635 Advance Astoria 1 636 Manual Brooklyn 2 637 Rising Light Belleville 16 638 Crystal Wave Brooklyn 3 639 Somerset Somerset 24 640 Adytum Brooklyn 3 641 Copestone New York 7 642 Knickerbocker New York 8 643 Daniel Carpenter New York 8 645 Riverhead Riverhead 1 646 Red Jacket Lockport 24 647 Mistletoe Brooklyn 3 648 Centerville North Syracuse 19 649 McClellan Troupsburg 23 650 Amboy Williamstown 19 651 True Craftsman's New York 8 653 Mamaro Portchester 9 654 Emanuel New York 8 655 Bunting New York 8 656 Euclid Brooklyn 2 657 Livingston New York 8 658 Morrisville Morrisville 17 659 South Otselic South Otselic 18 660 Rochester Rochester 22 661 Beethoven New York 28 662 Cambridge Brooklyn 3 663 Middleburg Middleburg 11 vol. iv.— 37 578 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY No. Lodge. Location. District. 664 Amicable Washington Mills 17 665 Macedon Macedon 21 666 Dover Dover Plains 9 667 Churehville Churchville 22 669 Port Leyden Port Leyden 16 670 Star Petersburg 12 671 Wappinger's Wappinger's Palls 9 672 Amenia Amenia 9 673 Avooa Avoca 23 674 Gratitude Nassau 12 675 Yates Lyndon ville 24 676 Schuyler Sphuylersville 13 677 Remsen Trenton 17 678 Seawanhaka Brooklyn 2 679 Ionian Oswego 19 680 "Victor Schaghticoke 12 681 Caroline Slaterville Springs 20 682 Nunda Station Dalton 22 684 Berne East Berne 12 687 Oswegatchie Pine 15 688 Depau ville Depauville 16 689 What Cheer Norfolk 15 690 Republic New York 8 691 Meriden Islip 1 692 DeRuyter De Ruyter 17 693 Kedemah Cairo 11 694 Blazing Star East Aurora 25 695 Alcyone Northport 1 696 Peacock May ville 26 697 Faxton Utica 17 698 Herder Greenpoint 28 699 Harmonie Buffalo 25 700 Aquila Hudson 12 701 Beacon Light New Brighton 27 702 Marble Tuckahoe 9 703 Gavel New York 8 704 Tuscan Brooklyn 2 705 Acacian Ogdensburg 15 706 Cincinnatus Cincinnatus 19 707 Mount Horeb Mooers Porks 30 708 Kisco Mount Kisco 9 709 Merchants' Brooklyn 2 710 Ridgewood Brooklyn 2 711 Standard Monroe 10 712 Pelham City Island 9 713 Social Kendall 24 IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 579 No. Lodge. Location. District. 714 Wieland New York 28 715 Iroquois Essex 30 716 Hobasco Ithaca 20 717 Orion Brooklyn 3 718 Adonai Highland 10 719 Acanthus Brooklyn 3 720 Pisgah Evansville 16 721 Jerusalem Temple Cornwall 10 722 Germania of Rochester Rochester 22 723 Rockland Nyack 10 724 Ancient New York 8 725 Southern Light Breesport 20 726 Cautious Georgetown 17 727 Charity New York 8 728 Alma New York 8 729 Anchor College Point 1 730 New Hope Schenectady 12 731 Sunnyside Castleton 12 732 Ezel Brooklyn 3 733 Bethel New York 8 734 Veritas New York 8 735 Uhland New York 28 736 Nepperhan Yonkers 9 737 .Guttenburg Albany 12 738 Mizpah Newtown 1 739 Radiant New York . 8 740 Allemania Brooklyn .' 28 741 Social Friendship New Baltimore 11 742 Star of Cuba New York 8 743 Maimonides New York 8 744 Pentalpha New York 8 745 Stuyvesant New York 8 746 Roome New York 8 747 Sanctorum Brooklyn 3 748 Lincoln New York 28 749 Fellowship Rensselaer Palls 15 750 Shakespeare New York 8 751 La Universal Brooklyn 29 752 Naphtali New York 8 753 Justice New York 8 754 Noah Altamont 12 755 Savona Savona 23 756 Aurora Grata Brooklyn 3 757 Silver Silver Creek 26 758 Covenant Brooklyn 3 759 Oatka Scottsville 22 580 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY No. Lodge. Location. District. 760 Klopstock Stapleton, S. I 28 761 Maple Grove Short Tract 23 763 Centennial New York 8 764 Savannah Savannah 21 765 Von Mensch Brooklyn 28 766 Occidental Buffalo 25 767 Dunkirk Dunkirk 26 768 Sapphire Camillus 19 769 Anthon Brooklyn 2 770 GoldenRule ...New York 8 771 Solon New York '. 28 772 Rescue Crown Point 30 774 Lansing North Lansing 20 775 Mount Lebanon Van Etten 20 776 Reliance Brooklyn 2 777 Restoration W oodhull 23 778 LiVonia Livonia 22 779 Clio North Parma 22 780 Henry Renner Limestone 26 781 Canaseraga Canaseraga 23 782 Triune Poughkeepsie 9 784 King Hiram Newfield 20 785 Niagara River Niagara Palls 24 786 Italia New York 29 787 Gasport Gasport 24 788 Fortune North Collins 25 789 White Pace Mountain .Saranac Lake 15 790 Tahawus Ausable Porks 30 791 Livingston Manor .Livingston Manor 10 792 Minerva Brooklyn 3 793 Babylon Babylon 1 794 Mount Defiance Ticonderoga 30 795 Whitney's Point Whitney's Point 18 796 Dolgeville Dolgeville 14 797 Frank R. Lawrence Rochester 22 798 Day Star Brooklyn 3 799 Oriskany Oriskany 17 800 Apawamis Rye Neck 9 801 Sidney Sidney 11 802 Onondaga East Syracuse 19 803 Kedron Bath Beach 3 804 Onesquethau Coeymans 12 805 Cornithian Temple Rochester 22 806 Matinecock Oyster Bay 1 807 Mount Tabor Hunter 11 Olympia Far Rockaway, L. I (U. D.) IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 581 No. Lodge. Location. District. Uriel Forest Port, Oneida Co. . (U. D.) Urania Machias, Cattaraugus Co. (U. D.) LIST OF GRAND LODGES, WITH NAMES AND RESIDENCES OP THE GRAND SECRETARIES. Name. Grand Secretary. Residence. Alabama Henry C. Armstrong Montgomery. Arizona George J. Roskruge Tucson. Arkansas Pay Hempstead Little Rock. California George Johnson San Francisco. Colorado Edward C. Parmelee Denver. Connecticut Joseph K. Wheeler Hartford. Delaware Benjamin F. Bartram Wilmington. District of Columbia Wm. R. Singleton Washington. Florida Alfred J. Russell Jacksonville. Georgia Andrew M. Wolihin Macon. Idaho James H. Wickersham Boise City. Illinois Loyal L. Munn Freeport. Indiana William H. Smythe Indianapolis. Indian Territory Joseph S. Murrow Atoka. Iowa Theodore S. Parvin Cedar Rapids. Kansas Matthew M. Miller Clay Center. Kentucky Henry B. Grant Louisville. Louisiana Richard Lambert New Orleans. Maine Stephen Berry Portland. Maryland Jacob H. Medairy Baltimore. Massachusetts Sereno D. Nickerson Boston. Michigan Jefferson S. Conover Cold Water. Minnesota Thomas Montgomery St. Paul. Mississippi J. L. Power Jackson. Missouri John D. Vincil St. Louis. Montana Cornelius Hedges Helena. Nebraska William R. Bowen Omaha. Nevada Chauncey N. Noteware Carson. New Hampshire George P. Cleaves Concord. New Jersey Thomas H. R. Red way Trenton. New Mexico Alpheus A. Keen Albuquerque. New York Edward M. L. Ehlers New York. North Carolina William H. Bain Raleigh. North Dakota Prank J. Thompson Fargo. Ohio J. H. Bromwell Cincinnati. Oklahoma Territory James S. Hunt Stillwater. Oregon Stephen P. Chadwick Salem. Pennsylvania , Michael Nisbet Philadelphia. 582 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY Name. Grand Secretary. Residence. Rhode Island .Edwin Baker Providence. South Carolina Charles Inglesby Charleston. South Dakota Charles T. McCoy Aberdeen. Tennessee John Frizzell Nashville. Texas William F. Swain Houston. Utah Christopher Diehl Salt Lake City. Vermont Warren G. Reynolds Burlington. Virginia William B. Isaacs Richmond. Washington Thomas M. Reed Olympia. West Virginia George W. Atkinson Wheeling. Wisconsin John W. Laflin Milwaukee. Wyoming William L. Kuykendall Saratoga. British Columbia W. G. Quinlan Victoria. Canada John J. Mason Hamilton, Ont. Cuba Jose F. Pellofl Havana. Denmark Rasmus 0. Nielsen Copenhagen. Eclectic Union Emil Wenz Frankfort-on-Main. England Edward Letchworth London. Germany D. Rabe Berlin. Hungary Moritz Gelleri Budapest. Ireland Arch. St. George, D. G. S. . . Dublin. Manitoba Wm. G. Scott Winnipeg. New Brunswick Edwin J. Wetmore St. John. New South Wales Arthur H. Bray Sydney. Nova Scotia William Ross Halifax. Peru J. A. Ego Aguirre Lima. Porto Rico Vicente Pagan Mayaguez. Prince Edward Island B. Wilson Higgs .Charlottetown. Quebec John H. Isaacson Montreal. Royal York Karl A. Bouche Berlin. Saxony F. G. Stabler Dresden. Scotland D. Murray Lyon Edinburgh. South Australia James H. Cunningham Adelaide. Tasmania J. G. Steele Hobart. Three Globes C. W. Linde Berlin. Victoria T. H. Lempriere Melbourne. Zur Eintracht Carl Nies Worms. Zur Sonne Ludwig Albert Redlich Bayreuth. REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GRAND LODGE OF NEW YORK NEAR OTHER GRAND LODGES, IN THE ORDER OF THEIR APPOINTMENT. Grand Lodge. Name. Location. Kansas Erasmus T. Carr Leavenworth. New Jersey William S. Whitehead Newark. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 583 Grand Lodge. Name. Location. Oregon D. G. Clark Albany. Michigan John W. Champlin Grand Iiapids. Three Globes A. Edouard P. Matzner Berlin. Louisiana Samuel Manning Todd New Orleans. Wisconsin Melvin L. Youngs Milwaukee. Montana James R. Weston Radersburg. Utah JohnS. Scott Salt Lake City. Alabama Henry C. Tompkins Union Springs. Rhode Island Henry W. Rugg Providence. Maryland J. Morrison Harris Baltimore. Colorado William N. Buyers Denver. Washington Elwood Evans Olympia. Wyoming Frederick E. Addoms Cheyenne City. Indiana Alexander Thomas Terre Haute. New Brunswick Benjamin Lester Peters St. John. Kentucky John H. Leathers Louisville. Virginia Beverly R. Wellford, Jr Richmond. South Carolina Charles Inglesby Charleston. Nova Scotia Wimburn Laurie Halifax. Quebec Melbourne M. Tait Montreal. District of Columbia John R. Thompson Washington. Cuba Juan B. Hernandez Havana. Mississippi P. M. Savery Tupelo. Manitoba John W. Harris Winnipeg. Idaho Charles Himrod Boise City. Saxony Robert Richard Grahl Dresden. Tennessee John Prizzell Nashville. England Brackstone Baker Lee. South Dakota Charles T. McCoy Aberdeen. Eclectic Union Wilhelm Ebeling Prankfort-on-Main. Arizona Morris Goldwater Prescott. Missouri Noah M. Given Harrisonville. Peru J. A. Ego Aguirre Lima. Texas Calvin W. Preston Galveston. Prince Edward Island . . .John G. J. Weldon Charlottetown. West Virginia Forrest W. Brown Charlestown. Maine Marquis P. King Portland. Porto Rico Arturo Bravo Mayaguez. Arkansas Benjamin P. Atkinson Fort Smith. _ Connecticut John G. Root Hartford. Ohio Barton Smith Toledo. Vermont Frank Plumley Northfield. Georgia Wm. Abram Love Atlanta. Illinois Walter A. Stevens Chicago. New Mexico Wm. M. Berger Santa Pe. Nebraska Edward K. Valentine West Point. 584 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY Grand Lodge. Name. Location. Scotland Charles Baxter Edinburgh. Zur Eintracht Landau. Denmark Jens Peter Aastrup Copenhagen. North Carolina Aroh. H. A. Williams Oxford. Nevada Philip A. Doyle Carson City. North Dakota Sylvester J. Hill Eargo. Minnesota Jacob A. Kiester Blue Earth City. ' New Hampshire John Pender Portsmouth. Ireland Lord Muskerry Drumcollogher. Canada J. Ross Robertson Toronto. Tasmania Robert James Saddler Hobart. California Wm. Larkin Woodrow San Jose. New South Wales Charles E. Stokes Sydney. British Columbia Morris Moss Victoria. Delaware Win. Stewart Allmond Wilmington. Hungary Donat Zifferer Vienna. Zur Eintracht Adam Heid Priedberg. Eclectic Union. „^ Alexander Marc Weisbaden. Victoria.! (. . ..">;.. .Isaac A. Isaac Melbourne. REPRESENTATIVES OF OTHER GRAND LODGES NEAR THE GRAND LODGE OF NEW YORK. IN THE OKDER OF THEIR APPOINTMENT. Name. Location. Grand Lodge. Daniel T. Walden Brooklyn Alabama. Clinton P. Paige Binghamton New Jersey. Charles Sackreuter New York Eclectic Union. Daniel W. Talcott Albany Quebec. Charles K. Hyde New York Rhode Island. Joseph J. Couch Brooklyn Maryland. George H. Raymond New York Colorado. George Van Vliet New York Montana. Mortimer C. Addoms New York Wyoming. Isaac B. Conover New York Idaho. Henry C. Banks New York Texas. Robert Bonynge New York Nevada. James Gibson Salem Scotland. Joseph Short, Jr Brooklyn Indiana. L. Bradford Prince Flushing New Mexico. Louis J. Belloni, Jr New York Nova Scotia. John L. Reid New York Michigan. Frank A. Kirtland Brooklyn Utah. John Hodge Lockport Mississippi. Ralph E. Prime Yonkers Oregon. IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 585 Name - Location. Grand Lodge . Sydney P. Walker Brooklyn Canada. Millard Van Blaricom New York Arizona Royal B. Deane New York .'!.".' .New Hampshire. Richard Gurney Brooklyn Vermont. Antonio Gonzalez Brooklyn Cuba. Peter M. W. Verhoeven. .New York Prince Edward Island. Frederick Smyth New York Ireland. Genaro Fernandez Brooklyn Peru. William Peterkin New York Delaware. John C. Graves Buffalo Florida. William A. Brodie Geneseo Kentucky. John H. Cunningham Utica District of Columbia. Herman Cantor New York Zur Eintracht. John Stewart ... • New York Missouri. Frederick H. Wight Brooklyn Wisconsin. John R. Schlick Brooklyn Three Globes. George H. Toop New York Porto Rico. William H. Kennedy New York .North Carolina. Lewis II. Raymond Brooklyn Kansas. Benjamin Flagler Suspension Bridge Ohio. John Miller Brooklyn South Carolina. Edward H. Warker New York Connecticut. Elon G. Brown Utica Maine. Washington E. Connor. . .New York England. William J. McDonald New York Illinois. John G. Bogert New York Virginia. Theodore A. Taylor Brooklyn Louisiana. Alfred Taylor New York West Virginia. Louis C. Waehner New York Tennessee. William N. Penny New York South Dakota. Oscar L. Eastman Rondout North Dakota. William H. Corsa New York Georgia. Edward M. L. Ehlers New York Denmark. William J. Beattie Brooklyn New Brunswick. Herbert P. Dedrick New York California. John S. Denton Jamaica Minnesota. Thomas Bell Brooklyn British Columbia. Thomas C. Cassidy New York Nebraska. Charles T. McClenachan. .New York New South Wales. Frederick P. Morris Flushing Arkansas. William Johnston New York Tasmania. Jerome E. Morse Brooklyn Victoria. Robert Roberts New York Manitoba. Godfrey F. Odendall Stapleton Saxony. Arthur E. Sutherland Rochester Washington. 586 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY In continuation of the schedules (pp. 143-145, vol. i. of this History) of Grand Officers from 1781-1788, the follow- ing will supply the names and data to the year 1894 : 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 Grand Master. FraDk R. Lawrence John W. Vrooman John W. Vrooman William Sherer James Ten Eyck Frederick A.'Burnham. . Depnty Grand Master. John W. Vrooman William Sherer William Sherer James Ten Eyek Frederick A. Burnham John Hodge Senior Grand Warden. James Ten Eyek James Ten Eyck James Ten Eyck John Hodge John Hodge William A. Sutherland. 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 Junior Grand Warden. John Hodge John Hodge John Hodge William A. Sutherland . . William A. Sutherland.. Charles E. Ide Grand Treasurer. Washington E. Connor. John J. Gorman John J. Gorman John J. Gorman John J. Gorman John J. Gorman Grand Secretary. Edward M. L. Ehlers. Edward M. L. Ehlers. Edward M. L. Ehlers. Edward M. L. Ehlers. Edward M. L. Thiers.. Edward M. L. Ehlers. The following statistics have been compiled by Colonel E. M. L. Ehlers, Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of New York : GENERAL TABLE. Grand Lodoe. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. . . Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Indian Territory Iowa Kansas Kentucky Date of Meeting. Dec. Nov. Nov. Oct. Sept. Jan. Oct. Nov. Jan. Oct). Sept. Oct. May Aug. June Feb. Oct. 6, 1892 15, 1892 15, 1892 11, 1892 20; 1892 18, 1893 5,1892 9,1892 17, 1893 25, 1892 13, 1892 4, 1892 24, 1892 16, 1892 7, 1892 15, 1893 18, 1892 I' 356 11 438 250 82 110 21 23 131 382 25 702 470 48 456 350 452 Mem- ber- ship. 11,178 482 13,098 16,767 6,174 15,820 1,840 4,520 4,147 15,816 942 46,021 25,376 2,017 23,016 19,898 17,206 %rn 23 49 21 15 29 16 42 34 37 17 45 2 8 41 10 12 14 Subordinate Lodges. E^ M g 148 79 169 450 557 549 307 546 112 116 558 340 77 207 313 356 s 5 s a = £ 9 19 7 14 18 24 19 55 9 ia 15 12 15 15 11 9 IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 587 Grand Lodge. Louisiana ...."... Maine Maryland Massachusetts. . . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire . New Jersey. ..... New York New Mexico . . . North Carolina.. North Dakota . . . Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina. . South Dakota... Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia... Wisconsin Wyoming British Columbia Canada Manitoba New Brunswick Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island.. Quebec Feb. May Nov. * .. Jan. Jan. Feb. Oct. Sept. June June May Jan. June Oct. Date of Meeting. 13, 1893 3, 1892 15, 1892 ii'im 11, 1893 11, 1892 11, 1892 21, 1892 15, 1892 14, 1892 18, 1892 25, 1893 7, 1892 3, 1892 June Oct. June Dec. May Dec. June Jan. Dec. Jan. June Deo.' June Nov. June Dec. 28, 1892 19, 1892 15, 1892 27, 1892 16, 1892 13, 1892 14, 1892 25, 1893 6, 1892 17, 1893 15, 1892 6, 1892 14, 1892 15, 1892 14, 1892 6, 1892 June 23, 1892 July 20, 1892 June 8, 1892 Apr. 26, 1892 June 8, 1892 June 17, 1892 Jan. 27, 1892 ■aS GO « g* tl20 191 92 1226 373 194 275 558 34 202 19 78 160 723 18 +265 35 495 88 408 36 185 81 419 553 8 101 247 71 94 222 13 10,891 13 345 46 32 62 12 56 566 11,457 Mem- ber- ship. t4,509 21,177 6,080 +31,786 34,472 13,444 8,950 29,724 2,179 10,239 966 8,631 14,601 80,623 731 tl0,513 1,732 37,044 4,166 44,026 4,332 6,082 3,725 17,554 24,128 622 8,976 11,424 4,091 4,767 14,498 746 690,937 21,428 1,992 1,818 2,984 502 3,141 32,725 723,662 I" 11 31 6 5 20 27 7 40 25 44 28 18 1 47 24 43 4 36 3 35 13 9 48 26 22 38 32 19 46 Subordinate Lodges. = a +208 335 244 +432 567 601 151 340 202 251 116 303 260 595 91 +111 182 445 170 400 408 140 200 214 238 130 268 262 228 152 313 174 178 309 173 138 118 S3 is 12 28 14 +31 19 15 13 14 17 19 17 19 18 12 15 +7 18 10 12 28 33 7 15 9 9 19 12 12 19 14 16 9 17 17 20 * No report. + Latest Report. COMPARATIVE EXHIBIT. 1890 1891 1892 1893 56 10,817 648,361 56 11,029 670,170 56 11,216 697,848 56 Number of Subordinate Lodges. . . . 11,457 723,662 588 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY The average membership of each Lodge in New York is 111. The following table shows the Lodge with the largest membership in each Masonic district, location, and number of members, the number of Lodges and membership in each Masonic district, and a classification of the vote in the Grand Lodge on a call of Lodges,, based upon the returns of 1892. GRAND LODGE OP NEW YORK— 1892. Largest Lodge in bach Masonic District. Name. Location. Mem- bers. Members in each ■ Masonic DUtrict. Grand Lodge Vote. !.-§'S P-S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 17 21 32 24 29 27 26 24 30 22 23 33 21 18 27 20 25 30 43 29 27 35 30 16 21 20 4 28 7 14 723 Morton Corner Stone .... Commonwealth. . Adelphi Mount Neboh Kane Pyramid True Craftsman's Hiawatha Kingston Schoharie Valley. Apollo Warrensburg. ... Eion Ogdensburg Watertown Oriental Otseuingo Syracuse Ivy Canandaigua Genesee Falls. Hornellsville . Niagara Washington . . Mount Moriah . . . Huguenot . . . King Solomon... Garibaldi Clinton 63 367 409 23 257 454 490 651 434 10 491 13 425 591 128 49 224 435 501 397 294 507 331 375 240 145 381 279 542 155 Hempstead . . . Brooklyn New York City Mount Vernon Kingston Schoharie .... Troy Warrensburg. Uion Ogdensburg. . . Watertown. . Utica Binghamton. . . Syracuse Elmira Canandaigua.. Rochester Hornellsville.. Lockport Buffalo JamestowD . . . Tottenville New York City Plattsburg. , 143 279 435 258 451 428 300 229 152 347 135 495 175 225 203 211 390 437 400 302 200 595 227 220 403 278 146 268 110 131 1,711 2,760 4,766 2,802 4,364 3,691 3.324 2.818 2,539 2,728 1,872 5,218 1,857 2,285 2,179 1,920 2,916 2,918 4,411 2,597 2,238 4,180 2,113 1,526 3,435 2,162 493 3,434 448 918 141 93 134 112 107 92 Grand and Past Grand Officers. 80,623 114 22 904 37 61 102 89 74 157 73 74 93 109 162 106 92 146 100 60 103 75 15 44 941 1,883 45 The aggregate vote in the Grand Lodge is 2,869. The twelfth Masonic district is the largest in the State, IN THE STATE OP NEW YORK. 589 having an average of 158 members to each Lodge, and also the second largest Lodge. The twenty-fifth Masonic district is to be credited with the largest average of membership to each Lodge, viz., 163. The twenty-second Masonic district has the honor of having the largest Lodge in the State, but its average of membership to each Lodge is but 119. The number of Masons in the Metropolitan district is 28,407 ; in the remaining portion of the State, 52,216. The population of the State of New York is 5,997,853. The ratio of Master Masons to population is 79.15. The number of Eoyal Arch Masons is 16,182. The ratio of Royal Arch Masons to Master Masons is 4.68. The number of Cryptic Rite Masons is 2,997. The number of Knights Templars is 8,663. The chronological position of the Royal Arch is thus given by the well-known and careful English Masonic historian, Brother William James Hughan, as follows : 1. First reference to the Royal Arch is 1741. 2. First printed reference to the Royal Arch is 1744. 3. First notice by " Ancients," 1752. 4. Referred to in " Ahiman Rezon," 1756. 5. Oldest chapter (Philadelphia), 1758. 6. Earliest English records (York), 1762. 7. Royal Arch Minutes (London), 1796. The Order of the Temple appears for the first time in America as within St. Andrew's Lodge, Boston, Massachu- setts, of date 1769, and it does not appear across the water until ten years later, 1779, at York. It is presumable that St. Andrew's Lodge received the Order through Army Lodges during the Revolution. SCHEDULE OF GBAND OFFICERS OF THE PHILLIPS GKAND LODGE FEOM JUNE 6, 1849, TO 1859. Isaac Phillips, Grand Master; Joseph Cuyler, Deputy Grand Master : Thomas D. James, Senior Grand Warden ; 590 HISTORY OP FftEEMASOXRY. David Booth, Junior Grand Warden ; James Herring, Grand Secretary ; Frederick W. Herring, Assistant Grand Secre- tary ; John Horspool, Grand Treasurer ; John Coffin, Grand Chaplain ; John Mansfield, Grand Marshal ; John W. Huds- well, Grand Standard Bearer ; James Jenkinson, Grand Sword Bearer ; "William H. Walling, Senior Grand Deacon ; Budolph Aeby, Junior Grand Deacon ; William Boardman, Grand Pursuivant ; Greenfield Pote, Grand Tiler. June 6, 1850, as before, except James Jenkinson, Senior Grand Warden ; Levi H. Willard, Junior Grand Warden ; Evan M. Johnson (additional), Grand Chaplain; Daniel West, Grand Sword Bearer. June 5, 1851, as before, except Oliver C. Denslow, Junior Grand Warden ; Edward Cook (additional), Grand Chaplain. June 4, 1852, as before, except Mordecai Myers, Grand Master; Nathaniel F. Waring, Deputy Grand Master; Budolph Aeby, Senior Grand Deacon; John B. Willis, Junior Grand Deacon. June 3, 1853, as before, except John Coffin, dropped as Grand Chaplain. June 7, 1854, as before, except John Charles Allstad, Grand Pursuivant. June 6, 1855, as before, except Conrad Bracker, Grand Pursuivant. June 4, 1856, as before, except Andrew Demarest, Grand Chaplain ; William H. Skeats, Grand Pursuivant ; Evan M. Johnson, dropped as Grand Chaplain. June 3, 1857, as before, except Nathaniel F. Waring, Grand Master ; James Jenkinson, Deputy Grand Master ; Oliver C. Denslow, Senior Grand Warden ; Henry F. Pelton, Junior Grand Warden ; William Bockwell, Grand Treasurer. June 4, 1858, as before, except James Jenkinson, Grand Master ; John J. Crane, Deputy Grand Master. INDEX OF THE FOUR VOLUMES. INDEX OF THE FOUR VOLUMES. Abell, Alexander G., death of, IV., 512. Abrams, John, Grand Secretary, II., 113, 115, 191. Abram's Lodge, No. 20, III., 291. Abstract of Proceedings to be pub- lished annually, II., 280. Act of Legislature, IV., 117, 181, 278, 419, 449, 504. Address by twenty-three Masters and others, II., 431 ; III., 376. Adelphi Lodge, No. 23, IV., 538. Adjutant, A Masonic, II., 73. Advancement, IV., 86. Affiliation fees, III., 443. Affirmation in lieu of Oath, II., 406. Africa, South and West, Masonry in, I., 62. African Lodge and Grand Lodge, II., 596 ; III., 114, 430. Age, Masonic or Mature, II., 336 ; 111., 444. Ahiman Rezon, III., 349. Ahiman Rezon of Lawrence Der- mott, I., 36, 37. Alabama Masonic Female Institu- tion, III., 147. Albany City Hall, corner-stone, IV., 355. Albion Lodge, No. 26, suspension, III., 410. Albion Lodge, No. 107, III., 9, 50, 286. Alexandria- Washington Lodge, No. 22, of Virginia, I., 77. Allan, Chief Justice William, Grand Master of Pennsylvania, I., 73, 74. Allen, Horace, death of, IV., 525. Alpina, Grand Lodge of (favored the Phillips Grand Lodge), III., 121, 393. American Union Lodge, No. 1,776, I., 104, 333, 345, 393 ; II., 63, 113. Amicable Lodge, II., 64, 68, 71. Ancients, I., 314 ; II., 16, 249, 267. Anderson and the Ritual, IV., 67. » vol. iv. — 38 Andre, Major, body carried to Eng- land, II., 335. Andreas, Adolphus, of York Lodge, III., 32, 33 ; IV., 497. Andrew, St., surrender of warrant No. 7, III., 8. Annual Address to be delivered by Grand Master, III., 63, 396. . Anthon, John H., Grand Master, IV, 160, 163. Anthony, Jesse B., Grand Master, IV., 323. Anti-Masonry and Results, II., 521, 558; III., 1, 134, 152. Antiquities, Masonic, IV., 457. Apawamis Lodge, IV., 513. Apollo Lodge, No. 49, dues, etc., II., 196 ; III., 3. Apollo Rooms, Temporary Grand Lodge Meeting, III., 279, 284. Appeal from Grand Stewards' Lodge decision, III., 47, 170. Appeal, power of Grand Master and Grand Lodge, rights of, III., 483 ; IV., 367. Apple Tree Tavern, I., 32 ; III., 345. Applicants for Dispensation for Lodge, III., 524. Applications, Masonic, II., 258 ; III., 540 ; IV, 127, 507. Apprentice, Journeyman, and Master, Operative, I., 2. Apron, IV., 106, 314. Arabian Masons, IV., 137. Archives of Grand Lodge, IV., 405. Armour Lodge, No. 8, established at Port Chester, III., 208, 209. Arizona, Grand Lodge of, IV., 377. Arms of Masonry, I., 65. Arnold, Benedict, I., 280, 293 ; II., 11. Arrears for dues, III., 575 ; IV., 406. Arrest of initiation, IV., 86. Arsenal, State, in Brooklyn, III., 559. Arthur, Charles S., Grand* Treas- urer, IV., 412. 593 594 INDEX OP THE FOUR VOLUMES. Articles of Union, difficulties of, 1849, III., 301, 401, 405, 560. Artisan Lodge, No. 358, III., 4. Ashmole, Elias, initiation in 1646, 1., 14. Astor, John Jacob, II., 27, 112. Asylum, I., 76 ; IV., 445, 513, 519. Athelstan and Alfred, Kings, I., 3 ; III , 344. Atholl Warrant, II., 5. Atlantic Lodge rooms closed, IV., 275. Atlantic Telegraph Cable, the first, III., 544. Atwood, Henry C, and St. John's Lodge, III., 165, 192, 208, 478, 480, 546, 549. Atwood, Henry C, Schism of 1837, appeal, etc., III., 13, 25, 37, 47, 449. Atwood Lodge, Warranted in 1851, III., 411, 454. Austin. Benjamin H., Past Junior Grand Warden, IV., 229. Austin, James M., Grand Secretary, Monument, etc., IV., 343, 353, 404. Austin Room in Masonic Hall, IV., 364. Australia, South, Grand Lodge of, IV., 406. Babylon Lodge, IV., 472. Bacon, John S., Grand Chaplain, IV., 468. Bail bonds not Masonic obligations, II., 270. Baker, Isaac W., District Deputy, death of, IV., 501. Ball, Masonic, III., 561. Ball, William, Provincial Grand Master of Pennsylvania, I., 75, 104. Balloting, III., 70 ; IV., 39, 104, 228. Baltimore, Lord, a Mason in 1730, Maryland, I., 101. Baltimore, Masonic Hall in, II., 250. Banner (new) for Grand Lodge, III., 63 ; IV., 243. Barker, John G., IV., 172. Barkley, Rev. John, II., 4. Barnard, Robert P., IV., 480. Barnum, EzraS., III., 107, 407 ; IV., 290. Batavia Lodge, No. 88, feud in, III., 65, 149. Bauer, Charles F., Representative Grand Lodge Frankfort-on-the- Main, III., 292, 386 ; IV., 459. Beardsley, John, Rev., I., 142, 288, 414 ; II., 3, 7, 19. Beckner, Samuel W. E., IV., 425, 466. Bedford, of Benevolent Lodge, an or- ganizer of St. J ohn's Grand Lodge, III., 550. Beekman, Lodge in, II., 70. Belcher, Governor, of Massachusetts, Mason in 1704, 1., 63. Belgium, Masonry in, I., 60. Belief in God, IV., 421. Bell, Henry, letter of, Philadelphia, 1., 70. Bellamy, Edward S., printer to Grand Lodge, II., 335. Benevolent Lodge, No. 28, III., 29, 49, 198, 210 ; IV., 390. Benevolent Lodge, No. 1, III., 201. Berry, Ira, death of, IV., 525. Bible, the, etc., II., 124, 213, 287; IV., 513. Bible to be open in 1. 2. 3. Degrees, I., 289, 292. Binghamton Inebriate Asylum, cor- ner-stone, III., 559. Blennerhasset, Herman, II., 113. Blind, Institution for the, St. An- drew's Lodge properties, III., 9. Boak, John C, IV., 276. Board of Relief, III., 512, 564, 575 ; IV, 73, 234, 315, 351, 388, 455. Board of Relief as a national organi- zation, IV., 455, 539, 541. Boardman, William, expelled with many others, III., 287. Bogert, Cornelius, of St. Andrew's Lodge. II., 247, 414 ; III., 8. Bolza, Friedrich, death of, IV., 536. Bonds required of Grand Treasurer and Grand Secretary, III., 407. Bonds, six per cent., IV, 323. Books of Masonic value received, III., 115. Bower, Robert P., IV., 368. Boyd, John, Grand Treasurer, IV., 524. Boyd, Robert S., and the money-box defalcation, etc., III., 227, 277, 300, 407, 446. Boyer Lodge of Africans, II. , 596 ; III., 114, 119. Brady, Benjamin P., IV., 252. Brandenburgh Anspach Regiment, J.I., o. Brandt, Joseph, Boyd, and General Butler, I., 136, 138, 224. Breed, Enoch P., and two others as historians, I., xvi ; IV, 290. British brig Peacock, II., 259. INDEX OF THE POUR VOLUMES. 595 British Columbia, Grand Lodge of, IV., 176. Brodie, William A., Grand Master, IV., 407, 418. Brooklyn halls, III., 397 ; IV., 128. Brown, Charles W., IV., 512. Brown, Isaac H., IV., 319. Browning, John Stedholme, I., 142 ; II., 2, 4, 7, 22. Bruce, Sheriff Eli, II., 499. Bruen, Daniel B., Past Grand Mas- ter of New Jersey, III., 288 ; IV., 322. Brush, John, Deputy Grand Master, II., 413, 419. Buchanan, James, ex-President, IV., 134. Buck, Jerome, IV., 284. Buek, Dr., Grand Master of Grand Lodge of Hamburg, III., 427. Buffalo, new hall, fire, etc., IV., 38, 96, 128, 476. Building, one to be fitted for all Lodges, III., 102. Bull, Brother Ole's charity concert, III., 115. Bulletin, official, IV., 234. Burial plot, IV., 365. Burial Service, 17., 74, 513. Burian, J. J., editor of M asoma, IV., 466. Burnham, Frederick A., IV., 468, 546, 547. Burr, Aaron, II., 113. Business to be transacted in Third Degree, III., 450. Busts of Grand Masters Simons and Thome, IV., 284. Butler, Boyd, and Brandt, I., 138. By-laws of Lodges, III., 63 ; IV., 287. California Grand Lodge, established in 1850, HI., 410. Canada Grand Lodge, I., 62, 433 ; III., 523, 559. Canal Street Lodge-rooms, III., 51. Canandaigua Court-house, corner- stone, HI., 531. Canandaigua, Lodge in, II., 63. Candidates rapidly advanced, resi- dence, etc., III., 76, 107, 135, 451. Candidates rejected, jurisdiction over, III., 140 ; IV., 543. Cape's Tavern, II., 26. Carpenter, William C, District Deputy, death of, IV., 512. Carrique, Richard, Senior Grand War- den, death of, III., 107, 151, 409. Carthage, burning of, IV., 414. Cataract Lodge, So. 295, IV., '321. Catskill, Lodge at, II., 66. Centennial of Nation and of Grand Lodge, IV., 261, 332, 334, 478. Cerneau, Joseph, II., 221. Certificates of Grand Lodge, II., 34, 78, 205, 253, 407 ; III., 152, 451, 524 ; IV., 405, 494. Chaffee, Joseph B., IV., 135, 357. Chapter, General Grand, denounces the Schism of 1837, etc., III., 15, 61, 49. Chapter and Lodge Ritual, IV., 95. Charity, dispensation of, II., 306, 456 ; III., 512, 565. Charity, Masonic, I., 437 ; II., 20, 21, 23, 25, 55, 205, 240, 251, 270, 286, 306 ; IV., 136, 351, 493. Charlotte River Lodge, No. 593, IV, 311. Chemung Valley Lodge and Jurisdic- tion, III., 296. Chenango Valley Lodge, IV., 72. Cheque word, II. , 72. Cherry Creek Lodge, No. 384, IV., 507. Chesebro, Nicholas G., Coroner vs. Morgan, II., 471. Chicago, the burning of, etc., IV., 173. Childs, Frederick, Grand Treasurer, II., 62. Chipp, Warren, death of, IV., 470. Christianity and Masonry, III., 133 ; IV., 108. Church, Charles L., Grand Treas- urer, IV., 102. Church, the, and Freemasonry, IV., 501. Church, Wesley B., Assistant Grand Lecturer, IV., 374. Cincinnati (Fort Washington) Indian war, II., 61. Circular, the Elmira, II., 352. Circulars of information, III., 71 ; IV, 487. "City and Country Past Masters," IIL, 485. City Brethren who are non-affiliates cannot visit Grand Lodge, III., 68. City Grand Lodge, II., 351, 370, 373, 408. City Hotel, proposed union at, III., 159 Clandestine Lodges, III., 478, 546. Clare's Lectures, 1., 10 ; IV., 67. Clark, Simeon Tucker, death of, IV., 525. 596 INDEX OF THE POUR VOLUMES. Clarke, James, Grand Secretary, II., 19, 20. Clavel, the Historian and the Press, II., xiii. Clay, Henry, Grand Master of Ken- tucky, III., 453, 552. Clerke, Shad well W., Grand Secre- tary, II., 4 ; IV., 525. " Clermont, The, " first Hudson River steamboat. II., 29. Clinton, DeWitt, I., 253, 306, 320 ; II., 215, 323, 431, 458, 513. Clinton, residence of Governor George, I., 186. Clock, George W., District Deputy, IV., 370. Cocks, Robert G., Grand Treasurer, II., 246, 256. Cocks, William, Second Grand Mas- ter New York, I., 113, 313, 413, 414, 415 ; II., 8, 19, 21, 25, 62. Code of Procedure, IV., 187, 422, 464. Colden, Cadwallader D. , death of, etc., I., 300 ; II., 217, 252 ; III., 7. Coles, Oscar, Grand Master, III., 146, 229, 394, 411, 454. Coliseum Meeting Hall, III., 151, 279, 284, 406. College at Havana, the People's, IV., 49. Collins, Isaac, II., 4. Colo Veloni, Antonio, Grand Lec- turer, III., 505, 507. Columbia, District of, Grand Lodge, IV, 27. Columbia Hall, Grand Street, dedi- cated, 1851, III., 411, 412. Columbia, Republic of, Grand Lodge, II., 406. Columbus Lodge, II., 71. Commission, impartial, IV., 131. Commission of Appeals, IV., 226. Committee of Sixteen, III., 256. Compact of 1827, annulment of, II., 373, 445 ; III., 359, 492. Compact of 1851, as to difficulties of 1849, III., 394 ; IV., 290. Concordia Lodge, No. 6, II., 18. Conemaugh Valley flood, IV, 492. Connecticut Grand Lodge, Repre- sentative, Jurisdiction, etc., II., 24 ; III., 64, 218, 426, 428, 499 ; IV., 253, 312. Connor, Washington E., Grand Treasurer, IV., 454, 468. Conover, John T., IV., 310. Consecration, Constitution, Installa- tion, Procession, Forms of, II. ,183. Conservators, Order of, IV., 69, 84. Constitution, how amended, power of, HI., 55, 321 ; IV., 293. Constitution and Amendments, II., 368, 446 ; III., 262, 274, 283, 347 ; IV, 72, 85, 92, 93, 116, 131, 137, 158, 173, 248, 268, 299, 310, 398, 436, 464. Constitution of 1721, 1723, 1726, 1738, 1860, 1873, 1880, and St. John's Grand Lodge, I., 30 ; II., 79, 129, 136 ; III., 112, 219, 228, 262, 580 ; IV., 189. Contents, I., xi. ; II., vii. ; III., v. Convention of Masters and Past Masters, III., 246, 273 ; IV., 123, 280, 371. Conventions, General, HI., 63, 69, 75, 100, 461, 508, 565, 571. Cooperstown Lodge, II., 74. Copway, George, Indian Mason, I., 228. Corinthian Temple Lodge, No. 805, IV, 538. Corner-stones laid of sundry build- ings, III., 56, 134, 149, 210, 529, 531, 532, 559, 566 ; IV, 71, l4l, 155, 166, 175, 184, 231, 241, 267, 279, 311, 317, 354, 372, 376, 423, 453, 471, 497, 499, 512, 527, 540. Corner Stone, newspaper, IV., 425, 466. Cornwallis. General, II., 11. Corri, Monsieur, II., 38. Cortlandt Lodge, No. 189, IV., 390. Couch, Joseph J., Grand Master, IV, 288. Country dissatisfaction, II., 196, 351, 373, 444. Country Grand Lodge, II., 370, 397, 408, 412, 426, 446. Courtland Lodge, No. 34, in rebellion, II, 69 ; III., 123. Cowen, Esek, Assistant-Justice Su- preme Court, death of, III., 107. Coxe, Daniel, Illustration, Acts of and the Deputation, I., 59, 103, 116, 118. Cozier, Ezra S., elected Senior Grand Warden, III., 1. Craig, Charles, District Deputy, IV., 373 Crane, Dr. John J., III., 544; IV., 90, 497. Cross, Masonic Chart, Works, and Lectures, HI., 409, 556. Croton Point Lodge, 1759, I., 203, 435. Croton Water Celebration, III., 74. INDEX OF THE FOUR VOLUMES. 597 Cuba and the Cubans, IV., 141, 232, 286, 324. Cummings, Rev. Dr. Hooper, made at sight, II., 419. Cunningham, Archibald, Deputy Grand Master, II., 18, 23. Curacda Lodge of New York, located at, II., 62, 67. Curtis, Horace F., deceased, IV., 289. Cuscaden, Alexander, expelled, III., 29, 51. Cuyler, Joseph, Senior Grand War- den, I., 10. Cypher or Mnemonics, condemned, IV, 85. Cyrus Lodge, established in 1852, IH., 454. Darcy, John S., Past Grand Master of New Jersey, III., 140, 203. Darcy Lodge, No. 9, established by J. W. Timson and others, III., 209. Davis, Richard, death of, IV., 461. Day Star Lodge, IV., 498. Deacons of Grand Lodge, II., 74. Dean, Joseph, of Silentia Lodge, III., 32. Deane, Gilbert A., Trustee, death of, IV, 525. Debt, the, IV., 302, 434, 473, 478. Decisions compiled, etc., IV., 106, 294. Declaration of Independence, II., 545; III., 193. Dedications, New York, Brooklyn, Port Richmond, and Stapleto», I., t. ; III., 397; IV, 237,516. Degrees conferred too rapidly, III., 107, 113, 210, 565. Degrees conferred for nine dollars, III., 207. Degrees, the Three Authorities, I., 4, 87, 95. Delaware, Grand Lodge of, I., 105. Delinquent Lodges, II., 79. * Delta in Lodges, IV., 57. Delta Lodge, No. 242, III., 500. Demarara, west Indies, Lodge at, 1 1. , 187, 218. Denmark, Masonrv in, I., 61 ; IV., 503. Denslow, Oliver C, Junior Grand Warden, III., 393. Deputy Grand Master, powers and prerogatives of, II., 7, 18 ; III., 535 ; IV., 39. Dermott's "Ancient Masonry," I., 11, 12. Desaguliers, Theophilus, M.D., Dep- uty Grand Master, England, III., 347 ; IV, 67. Detroit Grand Lodge, III., 73. Detroit Lodge in Michigan, III., 73, III, 113. Die Grosse Landesloge of Free Ma- sons at Berlin, III., 107. Digest of Code, Rules, Laws, etc., IV, 464. Dimit, IV., 74, 467. Diplomas issued for one dollar, etc., III., 411, 524. Dispensation, applicants for must be clear on the books, III., 524. Dispensations freely granted, etc., II., 282 ; III., 209, 575. Disquisition on Work and Lectures, I.,l. Districts, and Grand Visitors or Deputies, etc., II., 289 ; III., 414, 507, 533, 559 ; IV., 89, 226, 264, 298, 467, 487, 494. District Grand Lodges, IV., 157. District of Columbia, Representatives of Grand Lodge, General Grand Lodge, I., 384 ; III., 53, 111. D'Obernay, J. G., an impostor, II., 328. Dolgevi'lle Lodge, IV., 492. Donation to Lodge from an unknown, and reports, II., 280 ; III., 445. Dove, John, of Virginia, IV., 276. Drake, F. R. S., IV, 479. Drew, William H., Grand Lecturer, III., 507, 572. Dreyfous, Joseph, Agent of Phillips Grand Lodge, III., 393. Dudley, James M., death, IV., 525. Dues during suspension, HI., 534 ; IV, 291. Dues to Grand Lodge, II., 34, 218, 270, 370, 377, 398 ; IV., 543. Dunckerly's Lectures, I., 11. Dutcher, Benjamin C, expelled, III., 61 ; IV., 416. Dutchess County Lodge, II., 36. Earl, William H., Past Grand Master of New Jersey, III., 288. 290. Early Freemasonry in Europe, I., 14. Eastern Star Lodge, No. 227, inci- dent, III., 576. Edwards, Pierpont, I., 100. Edwin, son of King Athelstan, I., 3. Egyptian Obelisk, IV., 325, 362. Ehlers, Ed. M. L., Grand Secretary, III., 467; IV, 359. 598 INDEX OF THE POUR VOLUMES. Elections, annual, obligatory, special, III., 9, 10. Ellis, Richard, Past Grand Treasurer, death of, etc., III., 10, 17, 105. Emblems, Masonic, use of restricted, III., 578. Empire City Lodge, III., 212. Encampment, General Grand, de- nounces Schism of 1837, etc., III., 15, 61. England, Freemasonry in, I., 32. Enlargement of Masonic Hall, IV., 530. Enos, Past Grand Master Joseph, defalcation of, Grand Visitor, etc., II., 210, 367, 414, 443; III, 137. Entered Apprentices, not more than five at a time, etc., III., 565, 578. Epidemic in Louisiana and Alabama, III., 499. Erin Lodge, No. 19 (also a St. John, No. 19, 18), I., 313. Esleeck, Welcome, Grand Treasurer, II., 413. Esselstvn, Cornelius, Commissioner of Appeals, IV., 343. Euterpean Hall, Grand Lodge Ses- sions held at, III., 4. Evans, Cadwallader D., IV., 318. Evans, Joseph D., Grand Master, III., 501,502, 528; IV, 495. Ewer, Rev. Ferdinand O, IV., 391. Ewing, John B. , with others expelled, III., 481, 550, 577. Excelsior Lodge, III., 211. Expenses of Trial, II., 334. Expulsions not published, II., 269. Fair, Masonic, IV., 124, 446. Farrington, Harvey, Trustee, death of, IV., 501. FaxtonLodge,No.697,IV.,48,183,446. Fealty of Lodges, Citv Grand Lodge, II., 378. " Federal Hall," or new City Hall, II., 47. Fee for Initiation and Advancement, II., 65, 220, 331 ; III., 510 ; IV, 130, 309. Fellow Crafts, the rights of, III., 578. Feltus, Rev. Henry L., II., 458. "Female Masonry," IV., 167. Fessler Lodge, IV, 90. Festival, Masonic and musical, III., 105. Fidelity Lodge, No. 6, III., 206. Finances, II., 238, 241, 279 ; III., 464, 501, 560 ; IV., 34, 48, 229, 509, 526, 536. Fire at Masonic Hall, IV., 384. Fire Insurance recommended to Lodges, III., 409. Fireman's Lodge, No. 368, II., 401. Fisher, Andrew J., III., 554, 577. Fisher's Island, IV., 495. Fishhouse Lodge, No. 298, IV., 527. Fisk, Sewell, presentation from, etc., III., 407, 511. Fitch, John, inventor of first steam- boat, II , 29. Flag displayed over Hall, IV., 251. Flagler, Benjamin, Grand Master, IV, 362. Florida, I., 105 ; II., 10. Flushing Hospital, corner-stone, IV., 471. Folger, Robert B., suspended and expelled, III., 60, 480, 550. Folkes, Martin, a litterateur of Eng- land, 1725, I., 350. Fordham Lodge, No. 746, IV., 390. Foreign Correspondence Report, force of, III., 501 ; IV., 296. Foreign interference of Grand Lodge, III, 126. Foreign tongue, Lodges working in a , iV, 39. Forfeited Warrants, IV., 354. Forrest, Edwin, donation from, III., 560. Fort Edward Lodge, No. 267, II., 36 ; IV.. 418, 483. Fort George, II., 15. Fort Niagara, II., 509. Fort Plain Lodge property, III., 4, 10. Fort William Henry Lodge, I., 433. Fortifications and Masonry, II., 262. Fortune Lodge, No. 788, IV., 398. Fourth Battalion Royal Artillery Lodge, No. 213, I., 422. Fox, Christopher G., Grand Master, IV., 177, 179. Frame, Edward H., IV., 480. France*, Grand Master appointed by Emperor Napoleon, IV., 53. France, Grand Orient of, III., Ill, 121, 293, 392, 454, 499, 508 ; IV., 145, 285, 503. France, urged war with United States, II., 109. Frank R. Lawrence Lodge, IV., 492. Frankfort-on-the-Main Representa- tives, III., 75, 110, 292. Franklin, Benjamin, I., 69, 71, 74, 81 ; II., 48. Franklin, Worshipful Sir John, III., 455. INDEX OP THE FOUR VOLUMES. 599 Franklin Lodge, No. 1, of Grand Orient of Hamburg, III., 427. Franklin Lodge, Saratoga County, Franklin Lodge, No. 447, III., 564. Fraternal Lodge, IV., 129. Fraunce's Tavern, I., 194 ; II., 12. Fredericksburg, Va., I., 93. Freehold Lodge, II., 68. " Free " Mason, I, 330. Freemasonry in Europe, early, I., Freemasons' Hall, 594 . Broadway, dedicated, III., 403. French language, Three Degrees in. II, 71; IV, 495. French, Nathaniel, Past Grand Mas- ter, England, IV., 188. French Rite, III., 52, 62, 130. Fuller, James M., District Deputy, death of, IV., 512. Fulton, Robert, II., 29. Funds of Grand Lodge, III., 152, 280, 301 ; IV., 270. Funeral Regalia, Service, and Proces- sions, II., 251, 276 ; III., 23, 219, 451. G, the Letter, first appearance, 1766, etc., I., 239; IV, 58. Gambling, William H., District Deputy, IV.,' 374. Garfield, James A., IV, 358. Garibaldi, Giuseppe, IV, 369. Garson,ThomasE., trial of, IV, 284. Gaul, Edward L., Commissioner of Appeals, IV., 550. General Grand Lodge, I., 368, 373 ; II., 59\ 223, 238 ; III., 63, 69, 153, 459, 509 ; IV., 88. General Regulations as to Past Mas- ters, III., 358, 363, 491. Geneva Convention, First and Sec- ond, etc.. III., 234, 246, 273, 348. Genoa Lodge, No. 421, IV., 354. Georgia, Grand Lodge of, favors a General Grand Lodge, I., 87, 382 ; II., 59. German Grand Lodges, Communica- tions from, III., 107. German Lodges, III., 101, 570; IV, 399. German Masonic Temple and Home, IV., 312, 487, 530. German Pilgrim Lodge, III., 212. Germany, Masonry in, I. , 59, 403 ; IV., 40. G. H. S. of Third Degree given to Apprentices in Hamburg, III., 110. Gibb, Cornelius S., District Deputy, death of, IV, 512. Gibson, James, Grand Master, IV., 133. Giles, James, Grand Secretary, II., 39. Girard, Stephen, of Philadelphia, I., 76. God, belief in, IV, 421. Goelet, Francis, Thir* Deputation of New York, I., 127. . Golden Hill, battle of, II., 11. Goodall, Albert G., death of, IV., 469. Gorman, John J., a Trustee and Grand Treasurer, IV., 468, 551. Gorringe, Henry H., IV., 362. Gothic Hall in Broadway, II., 458 ; III., 202, 532. Gould, Robert Freke, opinion, I., 3, 7, 16, 32. Gracey, James H., District Deputy, death of, IV, 501. Graham, R. McO, death of, IV., 501. Grand Bodies recognized, IV., 106. Grand Chaplains, IV, 135. Grand Lodge, attendance and busi- ness, III., 450. Grand Lodge fees, dues, expenses, etc., II., 65, 606. Grand Lodge members, charges against many, III., 42, 50. Grand Lodge Proceedings to be read, etc., IV., 34. Grand Lodge of Alabama, II., 350. Grand Lodge of America, Schedule of Formation, I., 146. Grand Lodge of Arizona, IV. , 377. Grand Lodge of British Columbia, IV., 176. Grand Lodges, city and country, II., 351, 372, 397, 408, 446. Grand Lodge of England, the United, I., 43 ; II., 287 ; IV., 365, 461. Grand Lodge of England south of River Trent, I., 43. Grand Lodge of England according to Old Institutions, "Ancients," I., 36; II., 4. Grand Lodge of England (London), "Moderns," I., 4, 32. Grand Lodge EspaSola, II., 335. Grand Lodge of Hamburg, IV., 35. Grand Lodge of Hayti, It, 399. Grand Lodge of Hungary, IV., 532. Grand Lodge of Indian Territory, IV., 309, 528. 600 INDEX OP THE FOUR VOLUMES. Grand Lodge of Iowa, III., 112; IV., 541. Grand Lodge of Ireland, I., 44. Grand Lodge of Island of Porto Rico, IV., 474. Grand Lodge of Italy, IV., 94, 532. Grand Lodge of Kentucky, II. , 66. Grand Lodge of Maine, II., 332. Grand Lodge of Manitoba, IV., 267. Grand Lodge qf Nevada, IV., 94. Grand Lodge of New Brunswick, IV., 135. Grand Lodge of New Mexico, IV., 309. Grand Lodge of New South Wales, IV., 414, 494. Grand Lodge of New York, Juris- diction, etc., I., 3, 35 ; II., 39, 77. Grand Lodge of New Zealand, IV., 545. Grand Lodge of North Dakota, IV., 502. Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia, IV., 124. Grand Lodge of Ohio, II., 250 ; IV., 528. Grand Lodge of Oklahoma Territory, IV., 540. Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, I., 69; II., 45; III., 295, 297, 397, 524, 559 ; IV., 541. Grand Lodge of Peru, IV., 377. Grand Lodge of Quebec, I., 61 ; IV., , 304, 461. Grand Lodge of Saxony, IV., 35. Grand Lodge of Scotland, I., 48. Grand Lodge of South Australia, IV, 406, 540. Grand Lodge of South Carolina, An- cients and Moderns, II., 249, 269. Grand Lodge of Three Globes, IV., 108. Grand Lodge of Utah, IV., 176. Grand Lodges in New York, two pro- posed by Convention, III., 485, 495. Grand Lodges of Europe, America, etc., IV, 161. Grand Lodges of Indiana, Pennsyl- vania, Virginia, Rhode Island, District of Columbia, and Massa- chusetts, denounce the St. John's Grand Lodge, III., 205. Grand Lodges, two proposed, II., 370 ; IV., 162. Grand Master, power of, etc., IV., 100. Grand Masters of England, Scotland, and Ireland ("Ancients"), I., 33, 41, 44, 52, 54 (41, 44, 54). Grand Officers, Statistical Table, ad- dition to, etc., II., 133, 258, 273, 330, 369. Grand Orients, IV., 164, 264. Grand Secretaries of Grand Lodges in England, Scotland, and Ireland, I., 55. Grand Secretary of Grand Lodge, pay of assistant, etc., II., 113 ; IV., 41, 473, 538, 542. Grand Stewards' Lodge, Confirmation of, Record of, etc., I., 400, 402, 416 ; II., 25 ; III., 99, 514. Grand Stewards' Lodge, Trial of Schismatics in 1837, etc., II., 20, 53, 71, 272, 275 ; III., 24, 552. Grand Street building, IV., 48. Grand Street, Vanderbeck's Lodge- room at No. 256, III., 209. Grand Treasurer, compensation, etc., IV, 261. Grand Warrant of New York, I., 114, 140. Granger, Erancis, for Governor, Anti-Masonic candidate, III., 2. Grasse, Count de, II., 10. Great Britain, war with, II., 256. Gregorv, George W. , District Deputy, IV, 374. Greig, John P., Senior Grand Warden, death of, III., 535. Greene, Horace L., District Deputv, death of, IV., 525. Grievances, the four, revival of St. John's Grand Lodge, III., 550. Grievances, Committee on Lodge, III., 3. Gridley, Jeremy, Provincial Grand Master of Massachusetts, I., 84, 86, 95. Grummal, James, deceased, II., 48. Guiding Star Lodge.Hall of,IV.,365. Gurney, William, IV., 310. Haas, Phillip, appeal as to R. H. Walworth, III., 457. Half Moon Lodge, Saratoga County, II., 66. Hall and Asylum, II., 322; III., 77, 410, 449, 512, 561, 565; IV, 45, 125, 142, 151, 169, 270, 445, 450, 530. Halls, certain proscribed. III., 457. Halls, Masonic, I , 74, 76, 175, 391 ; II., 194, 206, 331, 458; III., 410; IV., 151. 179, 181, 237, 384, 540. Hamburg, Grand Lodge of, invasion, etc., III., 56, 110, 121, 125, 287, 411, 414, 419, 428. INDEX OF THE POUR VOLUMES. 601 Hamburg Grand Lodge, Represen- tative of, HI., 57; IV., 41. Hamilton, James, Duke of Abercorn, IV, 459. Hamilton Lodge, No. 134, III., 4. Handbook of Masonry, III., 456. Hannibal Lodge, No. 550, IV., 129. Harmony Lodge, III., 212. Harper, Edward B., Grand Steward, IV, 468. Harrison, George, first deputation of New York, I., 128, 253, 277. Harrison, Richard, Deputy Grand Master, II., 39, 53. Hartley, Richard H., Representative Grand National Orient of Peru, III., 499. Haswell, Nathan B., Grand Master of Vermont, I., 106. Hatch, J. M., expelled with many others, etc., III., 287, 390; IV., 70. Havana, People's College of, corner- stone laid, III., 559; IV., 49. Hawaiia Lodge, No. 221, at Hono- lulu, III., 565. Hawkins, William, Grand Warden, England, III., 347. Hayes, William S., IV., 525. Hays, Edmund B., an organizer of St. John's Grand Lodge, III., 550. Hayti, Constitution of, Lodge at, III., 198, 434. Hebrews, Lodge of, IV., 138. Hedding, Orson, IV., 104. Hemmings Lectures, I., 11; IV., 67. Henshaw, Wm. G., of York Lodge, III., 30. Hermitage Hall, III., 208. Herring, Frederick W., III., 286, 396, 404. Herring, James, Grand Secretary, First Librarian, II., 594, 600; III., 1, 117, 122, 136, 319, 376, 404; IV, 56, 132, 155. Hibernia Lodge, No. 339, Procession of 1837, III., 42. Hicks, Elias, Grand Secretary, II., 276. 407, 414. "Higher Degrees," Scottish Rite, etc., II., 115, 205, 222, 260. Hinnom and Jehoshaphat, IV., 523. Hiram Lodge, of New York, I., 128, 263, 423 ; II., 17, 103, 115. Hiram Lodge, No. 1, Connecticut, I., 97,99; IV, 476. His Maiestv's Loyal American Regi- ment Lodge, N. Y. G. L., No. 7,1., 425. History, Masonic, I., xv., xxiii. ; IV., 486, 529, 537. " History of Jacobinism " and "Proofs of a Conspiracy," by Abbe 1 Barruel, I., 383. Hodge, John, Deputy Grand Master, IV, 548. Hoffman, Martin, Senior Grand Warden, Grand Master, II., 114, 207, 323, 404. Hohenthal, Charles F. L., death of, IV., 536. Holland Lodge, No. 13, election ordered, etc., III., 9, 400. Holmes, Robert D., Grand Master, IV., 98. Holmes, William, Junior Grand War- den, III., 407. Homes, Masonic, I., 76 ; IV., 445, 513, 519. Honorary Membership, election to, III., 457. Hopkins, Dr. Frank M., IV., 310. Horspool, John, donation from, ex- pulsion, etc., III., 113, 225, 287 ; IV., 70. Howard House Lodge-rooms dedi- cated and used, III., 9, 162, 195, 225, 279, 284. Howard Lodge, No. 35, revived, etc., II., 71, 128 ; III., 564 ; IV, 241. Hoxie, Joseph, of St. Andrew's Lodge, III., 8. Hudson Lodge, No. 12, III., 3. Hughan, William James, opinions, I., 5, 15, 33. Hull, General William, I., 362. Hungary, Grand Lodge of, IV., 532. Hutchinson's Lectures, I., 11 ; IV., 67. Husted, James W., Grand Master, IV., 272, 535. Hyde, James, death of, IV., 69. Hyneman, Leon, IV., 310. Ide, Charles, Junior Grand Warden, IV., 549. Illinois, Grand Lodge of, declares against St. John's Grand Lodge, etc., III., 547 ; IV., 348. Illustrations, List of, I., xiii. ; II., ix. : III., vii. " Illustrations of Masonry," II., 592. Impostors, II., 261, 328. Inchoate Grand Lodge, II., 1. Incident, IV., 127, 314, 321. Incorporations, IV., 142, 186, 251. 602 INDEX OF THE POUR VOLUMES. Independence, declared by Henry Marsh and others, II., 11 ; III., 195. Independent Lodge, No. 7, III., 207. Independent Royal Arch Lodge, No. 2, irregularities, I., 128 ; II., 33, 114 ; III., 58. India, Masonry in; Holy Scriptures, I., 61 ; II., 286. Indian Secret Societies in New York, I., 227. Indian Territory, Grand Lodge of, IV., 528. Indians, Masonry among, I., 227, 230 ; III., 438. Ineffable Lodge, Scottish Rite, I., 220, 237, 238, 243, 305. Inglis, Rev. Dr., Rector of New York, II., 19. Innet, Edward S., Grand Steward, IV., 377. Inquisition at Madrid, Spain, I., 440. Insecure Lodge-rooms, IV., 426. Inspectors, District, II., 207, 214. Installation, Form of, IV., 62. Interest on mortgage, IV., 370. Interrogatories, IV., 127. Introduction, II., xi. Iowa, Grand Lodge of, established, etc., III., 112 ; IV, 541. Ireland, Grand Lodge of, Represen- tative, III., 66. Irving, William, Senior Grand War- den, II., 332. Irwin, Thomas, of Montgomery Lodge, III., 123. Israelites forbidden in German Lodges, etc., III., 75, 107, 118, 132 Italia Lodge, IV., 365. Italy, Masonry in, I., 60 ; IV, 94, 512, 532. Jackson, George R., IV., 169. Jackson, Grand Master Andrew, death of, III., 114. Jacks, Masons, II., 592. Jehoshaphat vs. Hinnom, III., 523. Jenkinson, James, III., 404, 406, 579. Jersey Lodge, No. 668, IV., 406,418. Jerusalem Lodge, No. 4, I., 398, 407. Jerusalem quarries, stone from, III., 540. Jewels of Grand Lecturer and others, HI., 576 ; IV, 529. Jewish Tribal Symbolism, I., 445. "John the Forerunner, No. 1," At- wood Lodge, III., 477. Johnson, Sir John, Provincial Grand Master, New York and Canada, I., 106, 133, 138, 224, 242, 303. Johnson, Sir William, I., 133, 222, 225. Johnson, Stephen H., Grand Master, IV, 130, 343. Jones, Albert, District Deputy, death of, IV, 501. Jones, Samuel, death of, etc., III., 44; IV, 536. Joppa Lodge, of Brooklyn, III., 212. Jubilee, the, IV., 442. Judson, Edmund L., IV, 500. Jurisdiction of Grand Lodge, foreign interference, etc., II., 406 ; III., 126, 406, 577 ; IV., 40, 145, 322. Jurisprudence, Masonic, rV, 34. Kalakaua, King, IV, 229. Kane Arctic Expedition, III., 455. Kane, Dr. Elias K, and Kane Lodge, III., 455. Kane Monument Association, III., 578. Kansas Grand Lodge, established in 1856, III., 524. Kedron Lodge, No. 803, IV, 526. Kennedy expelled with many others, III., 287. Kentucky Masonic College, Grand Lodge, etc., II., 191 ; III., 153. Kerr, Samuel, Deputy Grand Mas- ter, II., 24, 39. Kilwinning Scots Arms, Records and Degrees, I., 8. King, C. Henry, District Deputy, IV, 373. King David's Lodge of New York, 1769, I., 128, 266. King, EUsha W., Grand Master, II., 404, 406 ; III., 12. King Solomon's Lodge, No. 7, of New York, I., 128, 232. King Solomon's Lodge of Perfection, Martha's Vineyard, II., 248. King, Finlay M., as to Grand Lodge, Hamburg, etc., III., 428, 563 ; IV., 132. Kings County Court-house, IV., 38. Kingston Lodge, No. 10, IV., 418. King's Arms Tavern, illustration, etc., I., 127. Knighthood, American Order of, II., 37, 56, 75, 188 ; III., 529. Knyphausen, Regiment de, Lodge in, II., 17. Krause expelled for Masonic publi- cations, II., xiii. INDEX OF THE POUR VOLUMES. 603 Lacey, Roger, deputation in 1735, Georgia, I., 87. Lachelle, Huet, of Prance, II. , 89. Ladies' Masonic Pair Association, IV., 446. Lafayette, Death of Marquis, etc., II., 899 ; III., 5 ; IV., 269. Lafayette Lodge, No. 373, public procession in 1837, III., 27. Lafayette Lodge, No. 428, and others, II., 60; III, 3. Lake George (Lodge, 1757), I., 434 (202). La Mejor Lodge, No. 365, II., 406. Landmarks, IV., 168. Landon, ThomasH., District Deputy, IV., 357. Lansingburgh, Lodge in, II., 70. La Sincerity Lodge, No. 2, No. 373, II., 212 ; III., 477, 479 ; IV., 418, 476. La Tendre Amitie' Franco-Ameri- caine, II., 69, 74. Latin District, IV., 97. Lawrence, Prank R., 1., i. ; IV., 343, 430, 452, 488, 495. Lawrence, Robert M., death of, IV., 512. Lea, Isaac, death of, IV., 497. Lecturer, Grand, IV., 248, 309, 320, 378, 472, 513. Lectures, Eight, prohibited, etc., II., 456 ; III., 414, 567. Lectures of the Three Degrees to be delivered at Grand Lodge meet- ings, etc., III., 63, 154, 414, 504, 556 ; IV., 379. Lectures of the Three Degrees, the Pive Eras, I., 1, 10. Lee, Edward, clandestine, II., 74, 80, 114. Legislative action, II., 530, 582 ; IV., 46. Lemm difficulty, IV., 488. Lester, C. Edwards, III., 394. Le Temple de 1' Amite Lodge, II.. 220. Levy, Henry, Agent for Phillips Grand Lodge, III., 393. Lewis, John L., Jr., Grand Master, Historian, etc., I., xv. ; III., 525, 565, 578 ; IV., 496. Lewis, Major-General Morgan, elec- tion as Grand Master, etc., II., 607, 609 ; III., 1, 106. Lewis, Winslow, Grand Master, Mas- sachusetts, IV., 252. Liberia, Masonry in, III., 436. Liberty, Statue of, IV., 394. Libraries, Lodge, II., 401 ; III., 507. Library, Masonic, proposed and op- fosed by Grand Lodge, II. , 403 ; V., 56, 95, 172, 252, 285, 311, 362, 388, 415, 541. Lincoln, Abraham, IV., 95. Lineback, Charles P., III., 17. List of Early Lodges in Colonies, I., 447 ; II., 295. Literary, Charitable, and Historical Society proposed, I., xvi. Livingston, Edward, Deputy Grand Master, II., 192, 207. Livingston, James, I., 278, 287, 292; II., 26. Livingston Lodge, II., 61. Livingston Manor Lodge, IV. , 472. Livingston, Robert R., Third Grand Master of New York, I., 113, 264, 276, 415; II., 26, 188, 192. Loans of money by Lodges, II., 271. Lockport Lodge, No. 73, II., 499. Lockwood, John A., death of, IV., 412. Lodge Beton Zum Licht, No. 3, IV., 177. Lodge Histories, 197 reported to J. L. Lewis, I., xvii, xviii. Lodge irregularities, incident to Anti- Masonry, III., 3. Lodge Jurisdiction, Powers, etc., I., • 95; III., 413; IV, 106,117. Lodge Membership, II., 305. Lodge No. 2, II., 9. Lodge Nos. 5 and 6, II., 17. Lodge No. 7, II., 19. Lodge No. 52, 37th Regiment, 1756, I., 183. Lodge No. 90, 33d Regiment, 1761, I., 211; II., 20. Lodge No. 132, II., 1, 6. Lodge No. 169, or St. Andrew's, Nos. 3, 7, 1771, L, 270; II., 1, 6, 7, 31, 39 Lodge No. 210, of 1779, I., 398; II., 1, 6, 81, 39, 57. Lodge No. 212, II., 1, 6. Lodge No. 213, of 1781, I., 422; II., 6, 8, 17. Lodge No. 215, of 1781, I., 424; II., 4,6. Lodge No. 219, II., 3, 5. Lodge No. 232, of 1786, Hamburg Hanover Hinuber, I., 428. Lodge No. 399, 1763, 1., 213. Lodge No. 441, in 38th Regiment, 1765,1., 217; II., 1, 7. Lodge No. 478, in 17th Dragoons, 1769, 1., 265., 604 INDEX OF THE FOUR VOLUMES. Lodge numbers, I., 447; II., 17, 295. Lodge of Unity, No. 517, of 1787, I., 433. Lodge opened in prison: incident, I., 347, 351. Lodge-rooms at 33 Canal Street, dedi- cated, III., 51. Lodge-room at Shakespeare Hotel, dedicated, III., 53. Lodge-room in Brooklyn, dedicated, III., 75. Lodge-rooms, insecure, IV., 426. Lodges established by St. John's Grand Lodge, III., 205, 209, 212, 221. Lodges in New York City, location of, in 1800, II., 128. Lodges, list of, in 1771, 1781, 1819, 1836, 1843, 1850, I., 128, 149, 447; II., 295 ; III., 16, 103, 221, 281, 285, 528. Lodges, Nos. 804 to 807, "Warranted, IV, 538. Lodges, military, IV., 21. Lodges to meet only in Masonic Rooms, proximity of, III., 3, 151. Lodges, Warrants of, forfeited, III., 2, 3, 4, 57. London Grand Lodge opened in New York, II., 4. Long Island Lodge, II., 25. Lottery of the United States and of New York State, I., 365; II., 16, 250, 284. Lotus Lodge, No. 31. IV., 538. Louisiana Masonry and Odd Fellow- ship, II., 219; III., 102, 126, 428, 546. Lowndes, Thomas, Grand Visitor, II., 210, 407. L'Unite Americaine, II., 73, 74, 84. L'Union Francaise, II., 84; IV., 36. Macoy, Robert, Deputy Grand Mas- ter, III., 499, 532. MacWhinnie, J. Wallace, death of, IV., 412. Madrid, Spain, the City of Persecu- tion, I., 440. Magee, Frank, Grand Steward, death of, IV., 501. Magnan, Marshal de, Grand Master in France, IV, 54. Malcolm, "William, Deputy Grand Master, I., 312, 317, 404; II., 53, 62. Maliguon, Francis de, IV., 356. Mallorv, James, versus Henry War- ing, "II., 226. Mannindiam, Dr., Lectures, IV., 67. Manual of R. Macoy, III., 449. Map, Masonic, of Districts, III., 575. Marble block for Washington Na- tional Monument, III., 458. Marconnay, Le Blanc de, Represen- tative Grand Orient, France, III., Ill, 121, 293, 393. Marsh, Henry, expelled, and death of, III., 51, 208. Marsh, Joseph M., of Silentia Lodge, III., 28, 51. Maryland Grand Lodge denounces St. John's Grand Lodge, III., 204. .Maryland, Grand Lodge of, II., 78; lit, 204. Masonia, IV., 466. Masonic Age, III., 444; IV., 384. Masonic Hall, I., vii; II., 194, 206, 294, 322; III., 4, 77, 410, 449, 512, 561, 565; IV., 45, 125, 142, 151, 350, 530, 539. Masonic Hall Life Insurance Com- pany, III., 96. Masonic Hall, Free Masons Building, Brooklyn, III., 410. Masonic Historical Society, I., xvii. Masonic Lectures prohibited, II., 456. Masonic Manual, Macoy, III., 449. Masonic standing, IV., 463. Masonic symbols, royal, I., 442. "Masonic Tablet," improper publi- cation, II., 351. Masonry, age of, I., 71. Masonry and its literature, 1780, I., 439. Masons, Ancient and Modern, I., 6. " Masons' Arms," II., 13. " Masons' Jacks," II., 592. Masons in jail to celebrate, II., 103. Masons made at sight, II., 76, 419 ; III., 12, 16, 538 ; TV., 66, 99, 126. Masons should be Lodge Members, III., 443. Massachusetts Grand Lodge, denun- ciation and mediation, I., 77. Massachusetts unfavorable to a Gen- eral Grand Lodge, I., 376. Master of Masters' Lodge never a Warden, Dues, etc., I., 128, 237 ; III., 17, 114. Masters' Lodge, Independent, I., 9, 95 ; II., 33, 68, 81, 196. Masters of Lodges, Efficiency, Eligi- bility, Powers, II., 57 ; lV., 75, 309. Matinecock Lodge, No. 806, IV.. 538. INDEX OF THE POUR VOLUMES. 605 Matlaok, White, Grand Treasurer, II., 54. Maurer, Jacob G., death of, IV., 470. McClenaehan, Charles T., appointed Historian, I., xix ; IV., 473, 552. McCuen, James, Deputy Grand Mas- ter, I., 274 ; II., 7, 18. McDavitt, Patrick, Junior Grand Warden, then Senior, II., 22. McDougall, Peter, Senior Grand Warden, II., 53, 73. McKinstry, Colonel, and Joseph Brandt, I., 137. Mechanic Lodge, No. 31, IV., 538. Melley, Patrick H., District Deputy, death of, IV., 512. Meeting places, irregular, III., 457. Membership, rights of, etc., III., 511 ; IV., 57,245, 353, 467. Merchant, Ira, Past Grand Master of New Jersey, III., 288. Meridian Lodge, No. 691, IV., 371. Merriam, William R., IV., 159. Methodist Episcopal Free Church, corner-stone, III., 57. Metropolitan Lodge, established in 1852, III., 454. Mexico, Masonry in, IV., 544. Michigan, Grand Lodge, incident, etc., II., 454 ; III., 69, 71, 111 ; IV., 296. Middle Granville Lodge, No. 55, IV., 418. Middleton, Peter, Deputy Provincial Grand Master, New York, I., 129, 134. Mileage, IV., 149. Military Union Lodge, No. 1, 1776, I., 345. Military Lodge of the Revolution and Civil War, I., 101, 104, 107, 126, 149, 310, 311, 433 ; II., 261. Miller, David O, II., 466. Milnor, Dr. James, II., 276. Milnor, Grand Master, and Presenta- tion, III., 407, 408, 446. Minerva Lodge, IV., 472. Minnesota, Grand Lodge of, exchange of Representatives, III., 465, 559. Minton, Charles A., Grand Sword Bearer IV. 461. Mitchell,' Captain John, II., 205. Mississippi, Grand Lodge of, III., 126, 295. Mnemonics, IV., 85. Moderns, the, II., 16, 67, 249, 267. Mohammedans, IV., 137. Montauk Lodge, No. 286, IV., 57. Montefiore,Moses,Centenary,IV.,413. More, La Grange F., death of, IV., 469. Morgan, Lucinda, wife of William, II., 472, 515, 587. Morgan, Treasurer of Lodge No. 210, expelled in 1787, II., 402. Morgan, William, the impostor's book, trial, incidents, monument, II., 458, 575; III., 2, 13,16. Moriah Lodge, No. 132, of 1767, I., 235. Moore, Charles W., Grand Secretary, Mass., III., 448. Montgomery Lodge, Nos. 42 and 68, II., 62 ; III., 4, 291. Montgomery Lodge, No. 387, Pro- cession in 1837, etc., III., 29, 119, 123. Monserrat, Marquis de, an impostor, II 259 Morris, Robert, IV., 480. Morrison, James E., death of, IV., 470. Morton, Past Grand Master Jacob, I., 305, 405, 408 ; II., 44, 73, 189 ; III., 12 ; IV, 506. Mossdorf , one of two learned Masons, II., xiii. Mountfoot, Napoleon B.. IV., 374. Mount Leban, No. 14, at St. Domin- go, III., 198. Mount Moriah Lodge, 1806, I., 322. Mount Tabor Lodge, No. 807, IV., 538. Mount Vernon Lodge, garden, etc., I., 165, 169 ; II., 38, 215 ; IV, 275. Mount Vernon, purchase of, III. , 539. Mount William Lodge, No. 762, IV., 377. Milligan, John W., Grand Treasurer, etc., II., 2-21, 247, 261,323. Munn, Dr. Jeptha B., and St. John's Grand Lodge, etc., III., 197, 203, 289. Munn Lodge, No. 5, III., 205, 210. Murat, Prince Lucien, Grand Master in France, III., 499, 508. Musical director, IV., 173. Myer, John, Foreign Grand Secre- tary, II., 44, 53, 61. Myers, Mordecai, Grand Master of Phillips Grand Lodge in 1852, III., 395, 401, 500. Napoleon, the Emperor, appoints a Grand Master, IV., 53. National Grand Lodge of Saxony, III., 107. 606 INDEX OP THE POUR VOLUMES. Naval Lodge, No. 391, III., 50. Nebraska Grand Lodge, established in 1857, III., 532. Negroes, Grand Lodge of, etc., II., 284; III., 430, 438; IV., 108, 135. Netherlands, Masonry in, I., 61. Netherlands, Grand Lodge of the Kingdom of, III., 107, 292. Nevada Grand Lodge, IV., 94. Newark, N. J., St. John's Lodge, Nos. land 2, I., 105; III., 100, 207. Newark Lodge-room dedicated, III., 569. Newburgh Hall, IV., 38. New Grenada, Grand Lodge of, ex- change of representatives, III., 559, 564. New Hampshire Grand Lodge, I. , 89. New Haven Lodge (then Hiram No. 1), Conn., I.,. 97. New Jersey Grand Lodge and St. John's Grand Lodge in 1837, and representative of, 1., 103; III., 53, 58; IV., 483. New Oswegatchie Lodge, No. 520, of 1787, I., 434. Newport, Masters' Lodge at, I., 95. New South Wales, Grand Lodge of, IV., 494, 414. Newspapers, Masonic clippings pro- posed, etc., I., 123, 130, 263, 302; III., 52, 68, 112, 411, 445, 449, 464. New York, early history or, and Grand Lodge organization, I., 109, 113, 121. New York, earliest Masonic records', I., 118, 126, 149. New York favored a General Arbitra- tion Grand Lodge, I., 384. New York Lodge, No. 7, in 55th Regiment, 1762, and at Curacoa, I., 212; II, 62. New York, Masonic Congress to be held at, III., 510. New Zealand, Grand Lodge of, IV., 512, 545. Niagara, Felicity Lodge, No. III., 3. Niagara River Lodge, IV., 365. Non-affiliates, taxation of, powers, etc., II., 321; III., 441, 534. Non-resident not eligible, III., 409; IV., 75. North Carolina Grand Lodge forma- tion; it denounces St. John's Grand Lodge of New York, I., 102; III., 204. 362, and 146, North Carolina favors a General Grand Lodge, I., 383. North Constellation Lodge, III., 17. North Dakota, Grand Lodge of, IV., 502. Norton, Jacob, lectures given by, III., 76. Norwalk, Conn., St. John's Lodge, No. 6, III., 134. Norway, Masonry in, I., 61, 432. Nova Scotia, Grand Lodge of, II., 78; IV., 124. Numbers for Lodges, purchasable, rank of, etc., I., 423; II., 40, 50, 248, 295. Oakland Lodge, III., 73, 111, 113. Oatley, E. T., and two others, as Historians, I., xvi. Oath, alleged early Masonic, in N. Y. , L, 124. Odd Fellowship and Masonry, III., 17, 102. Office eligibility only by full Mem- bership, III., 540. Officers of a Lodge elective, III., 534. Officers of the Grand Lodge, sched- ule of, I., 143. Ogden, Darius A., death of, IV., 497. Oglethorpe, General James E., I., 88. Ohio, American Union Lodge, No. 1, from New York, I., 393 ; II., 63. Ohio, clandestine Grand Lodge, IV., 528. Ohio, Grand Lodge of, favors the Phillips Grand Lodge, then changes, II., 109 ; III., 293, 297, 357, 392, 457, 559. Oklahoma Territory, Grand Lodge of, IV., 540. Old Almshouse for Grand Lodge sessions, II., 280. Old documents by Dr. Krause, II., xiii. Old Lodge numbers purchasable, I., 423. Old Charges, Regulations and Con- stitution, I., 4, 17, 30 ; IV., 92. Ole Bull charity concert, III., 115. Olympia Lodge, IV., 546. Olive Branch Lodge, No. 39, III., 574 ; IV., 320. Oltman's Lodge-rooms, Williams- burgh, III., 391. Ombony, John, IV., 340. Oneida Lodge, No. 123, IV., 475. Onondaga Lodge, No. 802, IV., 526. Order of Conservators, IV., 69, 84. INDEX OP THE FOUR VOLUMES. 607 Order of Freedom, III., 529. Oregon, Grand Lodge established in 1850, III., 410. Orient Chapter, No. 138, Warrant of, III., 577. Origin of Freemasonry, opinions, I., 1, 14. Oriona Lodge, No. 229, IV., 526. Orr, Hon. James L., IV., 188. Osborne, George, an organizer of St. John's Grand Lodge, III. , 550. Oswegatchie Lodge, I., 434 ; II., 404. Oxnard, Thomas, Grand Master, I., 85, 95, 97. Page, James, Past 'Grand Master of Pennsylvania, III., 297. Paige, Clinton F.. IV., 81. Paine, Thomas, Paine Lodge, II., 103. Palestine Lodge, III., 212. Palmer, Henry L., J. Hyde and A. A. Holly on Constitution, III., y 232 ' Palmyra Lodge, No. 248, IV., 513. Paris Convention, III., 508. Past Grand Officers, who are, denned, III., 511. Past Master's Degree, III., 135, 572. Past Masters, powers of, and admit- ted, II., 248, 307, 606 ; III., 228, 230, 258, 282, 306, 350. Patriot Lodge, II., 71. Pay of Grand Lodge Members, II., 347. Peace Convention, IV., 31. Pendleton, Miss Lucinda, II., 472, 515, 587. Pennsylvania Anti-Masons success- ful, III., 2. Pennsylvania and New York, IV., 84, 344. Pennsylvania favors a General Grand Lodge, then opposes, I., 375, 382. Pennsylvania, Grand Lodge of, or- ganized, mediation, rejection, etc., I., 69; II., 45; III., 295, 297, 397, 524, 559 ; IV., 541. People's College at Havana, IV., 49. Permanent Fund, II., 457 ; IV., 518. Perry, James H., Rev., IV., 70. Perry, John S., III., 227 ; IV, 479. Perseverance Lodge, No. 652, IV., 347. Perth Amboy, petition for Lodge, II., 38. Peru, Grand Orient of, amicable in- terchange with, III., 499 ; IV., 377. Peru Lodge, No. 281, IV, 311. Peterssen, Gustave Adolph, IV., 176. Phenix Lodge to organize as Wash- ington Lodge,. II., 128. Philadelphia, Masonry in, etc., I., 70; II., 253. Philip, Duke of Wharton, Grand Master, England, III., 347. Phillips Grand Lodge and final union in 1858, III., 151, 155, 222, 276, 286, 301,, 312, 387, 402. Phillips, Isaac, Grand Master, III., 121, 146, 225, 286, 316, 371 ; IV., 497, 501. Phillipstown Lodge, No. 12, III., 210. Phoenix Lodge, No. 58, and the Geneva Convention, III. , 246. Phcenix Lodge, No. 262, IV., 398. Physical disqualification, II., 218, 254; III., 143, 504; IV., 93. Piatt Lodge, III., 211. Piatt, William F. charges as to Schism of 1837, etc., III., 11, 17, 27, 37, 180, 211. Pike, Albert, General, death of, IV., 512 Pilgrim Lodge, No. 179, IV., 348. Pintard, John, Junior Grand War- den, II., 62. Pintard, Michael, correspondent, IV., 459. Places for Lodge meetings, III., 3. Plan of Masonic History, New York, I., ix. Piatt, Rev. Charles H., IV., 149. Polar Star Lodge, No. 245, incident, III, 576. Politics. William Morgan, II., 512, 592. Port Richmond Hall, Staten Island, III., 397. Portrait Gallery of eminent Ameri- can Masons, III., 57. Portraits of three Grand Masters, IV., 375. Portuguese refugees, II., 64. Post, Louis F., Grand Steward, IV., 377. Pote, Greenfield, Life of, expelled with many others, etc , III., 121, 287, 404, 562. Potter, Pierpont, death of, IV., 460. Powell, James W., appointed Grand Secretary, etc., III., 407, 465. Pownall, Wright D., IV., 468. Prayers, II., 180. Preface, I., xv.,xxiii. Prescott, Amos H., rV., 471. 608 INDEX OF THE POUR VOLUMES. President 'of the U. S., W. Wirt, Anti-Masonic candidate, III., 2. Press, the, helpmate to the His- torian, II., xii. Preston's Lectures, I., 11 ; IV., 67. Prevost, Major Augustine, I., 426. Price, Henry, of Massachusetts, illustration, etc., I., 70, 77, 90. Prince Hall Grand Lodge, Massachu- setts, III., 432. Prisoner, an indigent, II., 70. Privileged membership, IV., 245, 467. Procession from Union Hall, June 24, 1836, prohibited, III., 11, 177. Proceedings, printed, IV., 234, 267. Procession in Boston, 1747, I., 183. Processions proscribed, II., 407. Proclamation of James Van Ben- schoten, III., 19. Profane language prohibited, III., 501. Promissory notes prohibited, III., 70. Proposition a second time, III., 140. Providence, Rhode Island, Lodges, I., 96. Provincial Lodges, I., 149. Proxies of Lodges, II., 63, 293, 371, 399 Prudence Lodge, No. 632, IV., 474. Prussia, Masonry in, I., 59. Public grand honors, III., 163. Publications, Masonic, IV., 465. Pulaski Lodge, IV., 527. Purple, W. D., and two others as Historians, I., xvi. Pursuivant, Grand, office created, II., 305. Putnam, General Israel, III., 529. Putnam, General Rufus, II., 63. Pythagoras Hall dedicated in 1856, III., 398. Pythagoras Lodge, No. 86, War- ranted, etc., III., 58, 101, 115, 406, 411, 414, 426. Quaker affirmation, II., 405. Quarterly meetings of Grand Lodge, II., 24. Quebec and Three Rivers, Grand Lodge of, III., 454. Quebec, Masonry in, I., 61; IV., 304, 461. Quebec Traveling Lodge in New York, II., 66. , Quitman, General John A., Past Grand Master of Mississippi, III., 142. Quota, unpaid tax, IV., 543. Radiant Lodge, No. 739, IV., 425. Randall, George Maxwell, Rev., IV., 188. Randall, Nelson, Grand Master, on Schism of 1849, III., 295, 392, 408; IV., 90. Rank of Lodges, II., 40, 49. Ray, George W., IV., 103. Razy, Pauliri, Representative Grand Orient of Prance, III., 455. Reading Clerk, IV., 320. Reading- room at Masonic Hall, IV., 415, 481, 541. Records kept in foreign languages, III., 101. Records of Lodges, authority of Grand Master over, III., 150. Records, recovery of destroyed, II., 282, .418. Red Jacket and Eli S. Parker, I., 231. Reed, Rev. Dr. John, made at sight, II., 419. Regalia of Grand Lodge, when not to be worn, new, etc., II., 39, 267, 393, 420; III., 141, 215, 510; IV., 418. Regalia of Representative, III., 73. Register of Grand Lodge, II., 34, 71. Regulations in 1860, etc., II., 35; HI., 580; IV., 1. Reilly, John M., Junior Grand Dea- con, IV., 356. Renmoulleau, Peter Daniel Bidet, II., 84. Rensselaer Lodge, No. 609, IV., 418. Rent of Masonic Hall, IV., 438. Reports of Grand Lodges as to 1849 conflict, III., 398. Representative system, III., 65, 67; IV., 62, 496. Representatives, Grand, badges, etc., IV., 107, 422,466, 486. Reprisal by Grand Lodge of Ham- burg, III., 428. Restoration of membership/Ill. , 150. Returns, forms of, etc., II., 70; IV., 374, 404. Revenue of Grand Lodge, IV., 443. Revolutionary War, II., 10. Rey, General, II., 212. Rhode Island, a General Grand Lodge, I., 94, 348. Richmond Lodge, Staten Island, III., 392. Riggs, Richard, second deputation of New York, III., 123. Rising Star Lodge, Yonkers, III., 392. INDEX OF THE POUR VOLUMES. 609 Rising Sun Lodge, town of Adams, II., 213. Rites, foreign, III., 130. Ritual, II., 72, 110, 237, 252, 323 ; IV., 66, 309. Roberts, John P.. death of, IV., 497. Roberts, Robert E., and others ex- pelled, III., 480, 577. Robertson, Grand Master Alexander, sketch of life of, etc., III., 101, 108, 118. Robes for Grand Officers of England declined, I., 442. Rochester Convention, III., 487; IV., 280. Rockwell, William, Grand Treasurer, IV., 132. Rods and Columns, symbolic, I. ,443. Roman Lodge, No. 79, III., 17. Roome, Charles, Grand Master, IV., 306, 512. Root, Erastus, Lieutenant-Governor of New York, II., 416. Rose, Oliver, double pay allowed, II., 367. Roseman, Brother, a defaulter, II., 46. Roubalets, Assembly Hall, I., 399, 413, 421 ; II., 6, 8, 20. Rowe. John, Past Grand Master of Massachusetts, I., 84, 86, 96, 333 ; III., 120. Royal Arch Grand Chapter, reci- procity, etc., II., 426 ; III., 154. Royal Arch, Institution of, obliga- tions, I., 6, 7 ; II., 332. Rules and Regulations of Grand Lodge and Asylum, II., 307, 398, 426 ; IV., 519. Rural Amity Lodge and Jurisdiction, III., 296. Russian interdict, I., 482. Rynders, Isaiah, IV., 135, 411. Sabbath Day to be kept holy, II., 426; III., 501. Salaries of Officers, IV., 538. Sagamore Lodge, No. 371, and Ma- sonic Hall, corner-stone, III., 533. Saidler, James, Junior Grand War- den, II., 22. San Domingo, II., 69. Satterlee, Gregory, IV., 318. Savannah, Georgia, Lodges, I. , 87. Saxony, Grand Lodge of, Represen- tative of, etc., III., 125, 386. Sayer, Sir Anthony, First Grand Master, I., 33 ; lit, 345. vol. iv. — 39 Sayles Lodge, No. 623, IV., 311. Schoharie, Lodge in, II., 74. School for children, II., 228. School of Instruction, III., 452. Schoonmaker, R. L., and W. D. Pur- ple, to write Masonic State His- tory, I., xvi. Schroon Lake Lodge, No. 436, IV., 297. Scotch Lodge, No. 500, III., 3. Scotland's Masonry, I., 8, 14 ; IV., 304. Scott, James, Grand Secretary, II., 39, 44. Scottish Rite, I., 220, 237, 243, 305, 426 ; III., 52,62, 75, 125, 130, 476, 481. Seabury, Rev. Dr., II., 8. Seal, the Grand, II., 45. Sectarianism, III., 75, 107, 118, 132, 514, 521 ; IV., 125, 139, 501, 531. Sentinel Lodge, No. 151, IV., 418. Sequence of Grand Officers, II., 65. Seventh Regiment National Guard Fair, IV, 315. Shakespeare Hotel Lodge-rooms and Lodge, III., 53 ; IV., 344. Shekomeko Lodge, No. 458, IV., 333. Sheltering Arm, IV., 493, 541. Sickles, Daniel, Dimit Grand Lodge, etc., III., 501, 545. Sherer, William, Grand Master, IV. , 510, 541. Shock of Entrance and of Enlight- enment, I., 444. Sidney Lodge, No. 801, IV., 526. ' ' Sight " degrees conferred on C. V. Kelly, and others, II.. 76, 419; III., 12, 16, 538; IV, 66. 99, 126. Signatures, official, II., 333, 607. Silence, statue of, IV., 269. Silentia Lodge, No. 2, III., 201. Silentia Lodge, No. 360, procession in 1837, etc., III., 28, 49, 210. Simmons, J. Edward, Grand Mas- ter, IV., 389, 405. Simons, John W., Dimit by Grand Lodge, etc., III., 501, 522, 532, 557, 571; IV., 361. Simonton, James W., IV., 357. Simson, Sampson, Grand Treasurer, II.. 247, 268. Sion Lodge, 1773, under dispensa- tion, I., 302; II., 7, 16. Sion's Lodge, 1780, in 57th Regi- . ment, I., 421. Six months, a Lodge for, II., 74, 80. Skinner, Abraham, Junior Grand Warden, II., 114. 610 INDEX OF THE POUR VOLUMES. Slade, W., the Anti-Mason politician of Vermont, I., 106. Smith, Captain George, an English writer in 1783, L, 348, 439. Smithsonian Institute, corner-stone laid, III., 134. " Social Club," members of, II., 13, 14. Solomon's Lodge, No. 1 (No. 5 of 1771, No. 212 of 1780), I., 129, 276, 301, 411, 435; II., 26, 33, 44, 81; III., 212. Sommers, John B. Y., IV., 87. Sons of Liberty, II., 12. Soule, Nathan, expelled, III., 10. Sorrow Lodges, IV., 86. South Australia, Grand Lodge of, IV, 540. South Carolina favors a General Grand Lodge, I., 382. South Carolina Grand Lodge, I., 91; II., 228, 249, 283; III., 65. Spanish language, Three Degrees in, IV., 495. Spain, Masonry in, I., 60, 439 ; IV., 512, 532. Stafford, Anthony, II., 84, 113. Standard Work, I., 1, 2; II., 253, 323; III., 63, 154, 414,504, 556; IV, 57, 172, 379, 506, 542. St. Andrew's Lodge, I., 271; IV., 320. St. Andrew's Lodge, Boston, No, 81, I., 84; II., 39; III., 8. Star of the East Lodge of Massachu- setts, invitation, III., 145. Statistics compared in 1836 and other years, III., 411, 443, 539, 560, 567, 570; IV, 83, 229, 288, 339, 438, 507, 537. Statue of Liberty, IV., 394. Statue of Silence, IV., 269. St. Augustine, Florida, I., 107. St. Cecile Lodge, IV., 94, 148. St. Domingo, Lodge at, III., 198. Stein, Joseph I., IV., 318. Steuben's Lodge at Newburg, II., 44. Stewards of Grand Lodge, I., 443, II., 74. St. George's Lodge, No. 1 (Nos. 6, 8, 1774), No. 2, I., 303; II., 9, 276, 304,337,456; III., 111. St. Helena, Masonry in, I., 62. St. John's Day celebrated and disap- proved, I., 129, 132, 248, 299, 302, 315, 367, 389; II., 8, 9, 19, 27, 37, 40, 45, 53, 74, 220, 227; III., 112, 126,134, 145; IV., 531. St. John's Grand Lodge, Schism of 1837, Appeal, etc., IV., 12, 47, 140, 155, 164, 170, 193, 215. St. John's Grand Lodge, Schism of 1853, III., 474, 500, 547, 550. St. John's Hall, corner-stone laid; occupied, etc., II., 376; III., 211. St. John's Lodge, No. 1, of New York, suspension, etc., 1757, I., 128, 185, 312; II, 33; III, 291,410. St. John's Lodge, No. 2, of Newark, N. J., interdicted, etc., I., 105, 129 ; III., 64, 100, 207. St. John's Lodge, No. 2, of New York, 1760, I., 114, 128, 205; II., 32, 40. St. John's Lodge, No. 4, 1776 (No. 6 and 9), I., 314 ; II., 16. St. John's Lodge of Norwalk, Conn., festival, III., 134. St. John's Lodge of Philadelphia, No. 79, 1., 72. St. John's Regimental Lodge, 1775, I., 310. St. Joseph's Valley Lodge, III., 73, 113. St. Patrick's Lodge, No. 4, 1766, 1., 129, 133, 218. St. Patrick's Lodge, No. 212, 1788, I., 435 ; II., 34, 44. St. Paul's Church, I., 302, 403, 413 ; II., 47. St. Simon and St. Jude Lodge, I., 300; II., 38. Stringer, Samuel, Lodge-room, I., 236. Strict Observance Lodge, No. 94, III., 105. SufEern, Andrew E., IV., 342. Suffolk Lodge (No. 60), No. 401, IV., 268. Suits at Law, difficulties of 1849, III., 300. Sullivan, General John, Grand Mas- ter New Hampshire, I., 91, 138. Summons denned, IV., 375. Supreme Council of France (Scottish Rite), III., 75. Surre, William J., death of, IV., 412. Suspension, II., 272. Sutherland, William A., Senior Grand Warden, IV., 549. Swanton, William, of Montgomery Lodge, III., 29. Sweden, Masonry in, I., 61. Swedish System, 1777, 1., 431. Switzerland Grand Lodge of Repre- sentatives, III., 65, 73, 121, 292. Switzerland, Masonry in, I„ 60 ; IV., 286. INDEX OF THE POUR VOLUMES. 611 Tablets in Masonic Hall, IV., 443. Tahawas Lodge, IV., 398, 418. Tammany Hall, Grand Lodge ses- sions in, II., 338. Tammany Society, and British Prison Ship, II., 225. Tarborough, North Carolina, Grand Lodge formed at, L, 103. Tardy, John Gabriel, II., 84, 218. Tartter, Jacob, death of, IV., 412. Taxation of Affiliates and Non-affili- ates, III., 146, IV., 283, 543. Taxation of Masonic property, IV., 168. Taylor, Horace S., Grand Master, IV., 392. Taylor, Zachary, President of United States, funeral of, III., 220, 391. Teichman, Isaac, death of, IV., 471. Temperance Lodge, No. 89, III., 115. Temple of Washington, statue, III., 499. Temple dedication, fire at, etc., IV., 237, 384. Temple Lodge of New Jersey, I., 104. Temple Lodge of New York, I., 128, 170, 263, 297, 398, 403 ; II., 53, 77, 81, 196 ; IV, 354. Ten Eyck, James, Grand Master, IV., 533. Ten-mile Jurisdiction, IV., 102. - Tennant, John, death of, IV., 497.' Texas, Grand Lodge, Representative of, III., 67. Thanksgiving Day, Masonic, IV., 531. Theatre in Nassau Street, 1753, Ma- sonic Charity, I., 130. Third Degree Lodges, I., 95. Thomas, Robert II., Grand Libra- rian, IV, 285. 311, 341. Thompson, Martin E., of St. Andrew's Lodge, III., 8. Thorburn, James, Grand Tiler, III., 30. Thome, Ellwood E., Grand Master, IV., 236, 512. Three Globes, at Berlin, Grand Lodge of the, III., 107, 131. Ticonderoga, I., 433 ; IV., 472. Timpson, James J., of Abrams Lodge. III., 31. Timson, John Wilson, III., 579. Timson, Joshua, Grand Warden of England, III., 347. Tisdall, Fitzgerald, Representative and defaulter, III., 141, 287, 290, 291, 396, 454, 464; IV., 148. Tollerton Hall, No. 63 Chrystie St., III., 550. Tomlinson, Robert, Provincial Grand Master, New England, 1736, I., 78, 85. Tompkins, Daniel D., Grand Secre- tary, Grand Master, etc., II., 188, 213, 324, 367, 416. Town, Rev. Salem, presentation, history, etc., I., xv ; III., 450, 541, 564. Traveling Lodges, I., 149. Trial of a Master by his Officers, III., 76. Trinity Church, illustration, etc., I., 132; II., 69. Trinity Lodge, New York, I., 128, 263; II., 217. Trinity Lodge, No. 12, records in German and English, III., 58, 101, 406. Tripler Hall, the Union, III., 163,221. Trustees,, number of, removable, etc., IV., 275, 277, 419,' 503, Turner, Henry W., Representative, IV, 356. Ulster Lodge, III., 211. Unger, F., Grand Representative of Grand Lodge of Hamburg, III., 427. Uniformity of Work, III., 154. "Union," ceremony of the English, II., 324. Union of Grand Lodges, II., 420; HI., 156, 213, 301, 302. Union Hall dedicated, and parade from, III., 11, 14, 21, 29, 203. Union Lodge of New York, 1737, and Nos. 8, 30, I., 128, 151, 171, 175, 263; II., 23, 69, 81, 128, 196, 215, 353 United States Lodge, III., 212. Unmasonic publications, IV., 465. Universality and Masonry, IV, 108. ■ Upper Canada, Grand Lodge of, II., 115. Urania Lodge, IV., 546. Uriel Lodge, IV., 546. Utah, Grand Lodge of, IV., 176. Utica Orphan Asylum, III., 566. Van Benschoten, James, address on Schism of 1837, etc., HI., 1, 17, 181. Van Buren, Senior Grand Warden, death of, III., 1, 503. Vandenbroeck, R. J., II., 57, 71, 76, 91, 115, 191. 612 INDEX OP THE FOUR VOLUMES. Van Houten, Philip S., expelled with many others, III., 287, 291. Van Rensselaer, Hon. Philip S., Jun- ior Grand Warden, II., 249. Van Rensselaer, Stephen, Major-Gen- eral and Grand Master, death of, I., 253 ; II., 424, 430, 606 ; III., 51. Van Tassel, R. S., an organizer of St. John's Grand Lodge, III., 550. Van Wyck, William, death of, IV., 470. Venezuela, Grand Orient of, Andreas Cassard, Representative of, III., 524. Veritas, Society of, IV., 399. Vermont, Grand Lodge, I., 106, III., 147. Virginia, Grand Lodge, Mediation as to Hamburg, I., 92, III., 297, 428 ; IV., 41. Virginia, war complication ; its dead, etc., IV., 27, 276. Visiting Committee, or Grand Visit- ors, II., 207, 214, 290, 607 ; III., 2, 412. Visitations, District, by Grand Mas- ter IV. 459. Visit! the right of, II., 333 ; IV., 156, 416. Von Mensch, Representative and Lodge, III., 293, 393, 436 ; IV., 274, 341. Voting in Grand Lodge, process of, IV., 409. Vrooman, John W., Grand Master, IV, 490, 513. Wadsworth, Ebenezer, Grand Visit- or, II., 210, 246 ; IV., 91. Wagner, William, Representative to Grand Lodge of Saxony. III., 386. Walden, Daniel P., and the Delta, IV., 57. Walter, Rev. William, illustration, etc., I.. 113. 141, 158, 314, 414. Walton, Mansion House, III., 203. Walworth, Reuben H., opinion of, etc., III., 251, 397, 457, 465. 467, 474, 551 ; IV., 132. War, Civil, and its incidents, IV., 16, 23, 329. War, Franco-German, IV., 170. War with France, Great Britain, II., 109, 256. Waring, Henry, versus James Mal- lory, II.. 226. Waring, Nathaniel F., Deputy Grand Master in 1853, HI., 396, 403 ; IV., 288. Warrant, the first granted, Form of, etc.. II., 9, 17, 18, 43, 52, 71, 271. Warrant, the Grand, of New York, I., 114, 140 ; II., 21, 41. Warrants to be conditionally restored, III., 55, 63, 73, 291. Warrants surrendered, Non-affiliates, the members, etc., III., 2, 3,4, 57 ; IV., 354, 418. Warren, General Joseph, Provincial Grand Master, Mass., I., 84. Warren Hall, III., 13. Warren Lodge, No. 32, IV., 333. Warrington Lodge, Ehas Ashmole's initiation, I., 14. Washington Centennial, IV., 492. Washington, General George, in- cidents, sketch of. and death of, I., 93, 101, 232, 269, 295, 360, 367, 374. Washington, George, anniversary, 1852, etc., II., 13, 15; III., 396, 445. Washington Hall, II., 331. Washington House, II., 126. Washington Lodge, No. 85, No. 10, 1779, No. 11, I., 397; II., 61; III., 291; IV, 418. Washington Memorial Arch and Temple, IV., 498, 499. Washington Monument at New York, District of Columbia, etc., II., 400; III., 149, 210, 458; IV., 268, 413. Washington Territory Grand Lodge, established in 1858, III., 540. Waterbury, Charles G., III.. 577. Watertown Lodge, No. 289, twelve members of, renounce, III., 10, 11. Watson, Joshua, first Grand Treas- urer, II., 8, 17, 18. Wayne, General Anthony, monument to, II., 61; III., 528. Webb. Thomas Smith, historical sketch, work and lectures, illus- tration, I., 13; II., 1, 110; III., 566. Webotuck Lodge and Connecticut, IV., 253. Webster, Daniel, obsequies, III., 396. Webster, Rev. John G., IV., 468, 471. Weed, Thurlow, II., 592. Weedsport Lodge, No. 385, IV., 368. Welch, Orrin, death of, IV., 290. Wells, John, Grand Secretary, II., 213 276, 323. Westchester Lodge, No. 180, IV., 305. West Point, I., 361, 390, 391, 397, 398. INDEX OF THE FOUR VOLUMES. 613 Western Star Lodge, No. 15, IV., 364. Weymouth, Lord, Grand Master of England, grants Charters, 1735, I., 87, 91. White Conduit House, II., 38. White Corners, IV., 129. White Pace Mountain Lodge, IV., 398, 418, 527. Whitehead, John W., death of, IV., 460. White House, Presidential Mansion, II., 58. Whitney's Point Lodge, IV., 479. Wilder, Rufus L., death of, IV., 480. Willard Grand Lodge, III., 224, 280, 374. Willard, John D., death of Grand Master, presentation, etc., III., 10, 107, 122, 227, 450. Willard, Levi H., Junior Grand Warden, IV., 373. Willets, C. W., and others, expelled, etc., III., 480, 545, 550. William, King of Prussia, IV., 480. Williams, Captain Otho Holland, initiation and military honors, I., 342. Williamsburg Board of Relief, IV., 642. Willis, William, and the Phillips Grand Lodge, III., 270, 286, 317. Wilson, Alexander, District Deputy, IV, 356. Winslow, George B. , Assistant Grand Lecturer, IV., 374. Wirt, William, Anti-Masonic candi- date for President of United States, III., 2. Wisconsin Grand Lodge, III., 100. Wood, Fernando, Mayor, address, III 529 Woodruff, F. Oscar, death of, IV., 525 Woodruff, William T., death of, IV., 460. Woods, James, Senior Grand War- den, II., 249. Wooster, Major-General David, mon- ument to, in Connecticut, etc., I., 97; III., 499. Work, uniformity of, and modes of, I., 1, 2; II., 253, 323; III., 63, 154, 414, 534, 556; IV., 57, 172, 379, 506, 542. " Worshipful," the term, IV., 260. Worth Lodge, No. 210,. Warranted 1851, III., 411. Worth, Major-General William J., monument to, III., 212, 529. Wray, William; Weaver, Henry; Walters, Henry; Warren, Orlando, III., 42, 45. Wren, Sir Christopher, I., 32; III., 345. Wright, Daniel S., Senior Grand Warden, III., 407; IV., 129. Yates, Giles Fonda, I, 289. Yates Lodge, II., 71. Yates, Peter W., Master of Mount Vernon Lodge thirty-seven years, I., 165 ; II., 33. Yellow fever, IV, 233, 302. Yonnondio Lodge, arraignment by, III., 487. York, City of, constitution, rite, etc., I., 2. York Lodge, No. 3, and No. 197, III, 201 ; IV., 475. York Lodge, No. 367, procession in 1837, Warrant forfeited, III., 13; 19, 38, 41. York Work and Lectures, I., 2. Young, Charles E., Junior Grand Deacon, IV, 356. Young, Major John, Deputy Grand Master of Scotland, I., 425. Zeredatha Lodge, III., 212. Zeton Zum Lichte Lodge, No. 3, in Hoboken, N. J., III., 437. Zinnendorf, mf, I., 429. Zion Lodge, No. 1 (Nos. 62 and 63), 60th Regiment, I., 204 ; II., 217 ; III., 71, 73, 111, 113 ; IV, 538. Zschokke Lodge, III., 212. •si